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ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


VOLUME  LII,  1941 


PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  PH.  D.,  EDITOR 

ASSOCIATE    EDITORS  : 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.        R.  G.  SCHMIEDER,  PH.  D.         V.  S.  L.  PATE 


ADVISORY   COMMITTEE: 

PHILIP  LAURENT  J.  A.  G.  REHN 

CHARLES  LIEBECK  JOHN  C.  LUTZ 

J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY,  PH.  D.  MAX  KISLIUK,  JR. 

FRANK  MORTON  JONES,  Sc.  D.  WM.  W.  CHAPMAN 


PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.: 

THE  ACADEMY   OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES 

LOGAN  SQUARE 

1941 


The   several    numbers   of   the   NEWS    for    1941    were   mailed   at   the 
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No.  1— January    January  23,  1941 

2 — February    February  21 

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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

JANUARY,  1941 

Vol.  LII  No.   1 


CONTENTS 

Forbes — The  Early  Genera  of  Ithomiinae.  (Lepidoptera:  Nyrupha- 

lidae) 1 

Pate— On  Two  Species  of  Diploplectron  from  Texas  (Hymenoptera: 

Sphecidae). 4 

Fisher — Notes  on  Costa  Rican  Mycetophilidae  (Diptera) 8 

Johnson— Some  of  the  Eumolpinae  and  Chrysomelinae  of  South 

Dakota  (Coleoptera) 9 

damage  to  Entomological  Collections  in  the  British  Museum  of 

Natural  History 14 

Westfall — Notes  on  Florida  Odonata 15 

Current  Entomological  Literature 19 

Obituary — Miss  Katherine  Mayo,    Dr.    Otto    Emil    Plath,    Miss  Grace 

Adelbert    Sandhouse,    Dr.    John   Pattilo    Turner,     Dr.    F.    W. 

Edwards,  Prof.  Charles  William  Woodworth  29 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published   monthly,   excepting   August    and    September,    by    the    American 

Entomological    Society. 
Philip   P.    Calvert,    Ph.D.,    Editor;    E.   T.    Cresson,   Jr.,   R.    G.   Schmieder, 

Ph.D.,  V.  S.  L.   Pate,  Associate   Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck, 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  JANUARY,  1941  No.  1 

The  Early  Genera  of  Ithomiinae.    (Lepidoptera: 

Nymphalidae). 

By  WM.  T.  M.  FORBES,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

The  Ithomiinae  are  a  group  whose  natural  arrangement  has 
been  disguised  by  much  mimicry  (Miillerian,  of  course)  within 
the  group.  The  present  note  is  based  on  a  survey  of  quite  a 
number  of  characters,  ignoring  pattern  features,  in  an  attempt 
to  judge  what  is  the  really  most  probable  ancestral  type,  and 
the  line  of  development  of  the  higher  genera. 

In  general  we  may  take  Schatz's  arrangement  in  Staudinger's 
"Exolische  Tagfalter."  vol.  3,  as  representing  the  chief  struc- 
tural subdivisions  and,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  the  genera. 
As  to  the  primitive  genera  (his  Gruppe  I)  there  has  been  gen- 
eral acceptance  of  the  more  recent  subdivision  of  Titlwrea,  and  I 
shall  for  this  note  use  the  names  that  Seitz's  "Macrolepidoptera 
of  the  World"  has  made  familiar.  The  only  other  genus  that 
needs  subdivision  is  Athcsis,  whose  dcrcyllidas  group  shows 
much  divergence  in  pattern  and  some  in  structure  from  A. 
clearista.  A  striking  likeness  to  Hirsutis  in  sex-tufting,  wing- 
form  and  some  details  of  pattern  is  not  wholly  supported  by 
other  structures ;  I  shall  leave  its  fuller  discussion  to  Mr.  Fox, 
but  note  here  that  it  must  lie  between  Hirsutis  and  Athesis— 
about  as  far  off  the  main  line  of  evolution  as  Tithorea  is  in 
another  direction. 

Pending  Mr.  Fox's  revision  of  the  genera1  1  shall  use  the 
system  of  names  established  by  Schatz  and  slightly  extended  by 
Haensch  in  the  "Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World". 

Schatz's  "Gruppe  I"  is  denned  in  the  male  by  having  a  clearly 
separate  tibia  and  tarsus  of  the  male  fore  leg,  which  is  normally 
almost  as  long  as  the  femur.  Two  exceptions  make  a  little 
trouble — in  Thyridia  (Mcthona)  the  tibia  and  tarsus,  while 
distinct,  are  much  shorter  than  the  femur,  and  in  Mclinaca 
egina  (with  its  form  paraiya)  the  tibio-tarsus  is  reduced  to  the 

1  Since  published  in  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  66:   161-207,  1940 

1 


2  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

same  little  knob  so  typical  of  "Gruppe  II".  M.  comma  has 
reached  about  the  stage  of  reduction  of  Thyridia,  but  varies 
individually.  On  the  other  side  of  the  boundary  Aprotopus 
has  the  tibio-tarsus  less  reduced  than  the  residue  of  group  II. 
Personally  I  believe  it  is  a  separate  reduction  from  something 
not  unlike  Thyridia,  and  merely  parallel  to  the  Mechanitis  and 
Ithomia  types. 

Group  I  is  then  taken  to  include  Hirsutis,  Tithorca,  Athcsis, 
Olyras,  Eutresis,  Athyrtis,  Mclinaea  and  Thyridia,  with  Apro- 
topus as  a  doubtful  appendage. 

To  determine  the  ancestral  form  we  may  take  Tcllcrvo  as  a 
norm.  Whether  actually  Ithomiid,  or  a  distinct  subfamily  as 
now  listed  (see  Ent.  Am.  xix,  102)  it  is  certainly  nearer  to  the 
ancestral  stem  than  any  other  living  type.  It  shares  with  other 
early  Nymphalidae  the  following  features  which  vary  signifi- 
cantly within  the  remaining  genera  of  "Group  I":  M-spur 
attached  to  middle  discocellular"  in  both  wings ;  lower  dis- 
cocellular  forming  an  acute  angle  with  m-cu,  the  cubittis  being 
of  the  "trifid"  type;  Sc  and  R  of  hind  wing  widely  separated 
at  origin,  as  in  normal  Nymphalidae;  hum.  forming  a  wide 
and  fairly  symmetrical  Y-fork,  cell  of  hind  wing  much  shorter 
than  free  part  of  R.  We  may  also  note  that  Sc  is  long  and 
similar  in  both  sexes,  unlike  the  Melinaea  and  Mechanitis 
groups,  and  that  the  scaling,  while  somewhat  thin,  is  not  de- 
generate. 

Comparing  our  list  of  genera  to  this  set  of  characters  it 
turns  out  that  Hirsutis  comes  definitely  nearest,  differing  in 
the  simpler  hum.  and  movement  of  the  M-spur  to  Idcv,  but 
eveti  the  latter  has  only  reached  Ms  in  some  specimens.  This  is 
also  one  of  the  genera  that  sometimes  has  Rs  free,  as  in  Tcl- 
lcrvo, though  never  so  far  back  on  the  cell.  Our  female  of 
H.  togarma  shows  this.  The  rest  of  the  genera  fall  into  a 
single  line,  as  listed  above,  ending  in  Aprotopus,  each  genus 
being  like  those  immediately  before  and  after  in  more  features 

2  This  is  the  upper  M-spur,  i.  e.,  Mi+2;  the  lower  one,  M3,  while 
equally  clear  in  Tcllcrvo,  is  weak  or  reduced  to  a  fold  in  the  proper 
Ithomiinae — it  always  arises  from  Idcv. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XF.WS  3 

than  to  any  others.  The  only  possible  other  candidates  for 
position  next  to  Tell  cm  o  are  Tithorca,  on  account  of  its  more 
perfectly  separate  Sc  and  R,  and  Athcsis  acrisionc,  which  still 
has  the  M-spur  on  the  mdcv  of  a  perfectly  "trifid"  wing.  The 
remaining  genera  with  high  M-spur  are  quadrifids,  and  the 
spur  has  no  doubt  moved  up  secondarily  to  the  migration  of 
M.2  itself. 

The  successive  steps  of  development  may  be  noted  as  follows, 
though  the  actual  arrangement  was  made  on  the  basis  of  some 
20  characters,  both  superficial  and  genitalic. 

At  Athcsis  Sc  and  R  of  female  hind  wing  become  distinctly 
approximate  at  base ;  with  Olyras  the  angle  between  udcv  and 
m-cu  of  hind  wing  becomes  obtuse,  though  the  venation  is  not 
truly  quadrifid  till  we  come  to  Athyrtis;  the  free  part  of  R  in 
the  male  also  becomes  much  shorter  than  the  cell  at  Olyras. 

With  Thyridia  the  distal  fork  of  hum.  becomes  very  long 
and  the  uncus  becomes  much  reduced;  Sc  and  R  are  closely 
parallel  for  a  greater  distance  than  in  the  preceding  genera,  and 
the  general  transparent  ground  is  unlike  any  of  the  preceding, 
though  approached  by  the  extensive  transparent  spotting  of 
"Athesis"  hcwitsoni.  In  each  of  these  points  Aprotopus  re- 
sembles Thyridia,  and  the  closely  parallel  Sc  and  R  is  the  only 
one  really  typical  of  group  II.  Only  the  relatively  long  R 
suggests  an  origin  from  an  earlier  genus,  perhaps  Athcsis. 

Other  features  tend  strongly  to  tie  neighboring  genera,  but 
are  not  too  consistent :  thus  the  narrow  V-shaped  juxta  is  pres- 
ent in  Hirsutis,  Athesis  (including  dercyllidas)  and  Tithorca. 
and  not  in  Olyras,  Eutrcsis,  Thyridia  or  Aprotopus,  but  it  does 
reappear  in  Mclinaca.  A  specialized  costal  process  of  the  valve 
is  limited  to  Athyrtis  and  Mclinaca,  which  on  all  points  make 
a  subgroup  together,  but  Thyridia  has  a  different  specialization 
of  the  costa — a  rough  thickening  that  reaches  from  the  joint 
clear  to  the  apex  of  the  valve.  The  thin  penis  links  together 
Athcsis  and  Olyras,  but  reappears  in  Aprotopus. 

As  to  the  origin  of  Group  II,  I  have  already  noted  the 
marked  likeness,  deep  as  well  as  superficial  bet \\t-cn  .  [pratopits 
and  Th\ri(lia.  Tabulation  of  tin-  same  IKi  of  characters  in  a 


4  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

couple  of  other  genera,  shows  a  marked  linkage  between  Me- 
chanitis and  Mclinaea  (and  of  course  Scada,  with  Heteroscada, 
and  Sais  must  follow  Mechanitis},  but  the  later  genera  with 
their  decidedly  "trifid"  venation  seem  to  my  eye  to  link  more 
closely  with  Athesis.  So  my  present  opinion  is  that  group  II 
is  triphyletic:  a,  Aprotopus,  to  be  treated  like  Mclinaea  cgina 
as  a  sporadic  reduction  of  group  I ;  b,  Mechanitis,  Scada  and 
Sais;  c,  the  residue.  Velamysta  shows  the  short  spur  of  Sc 
arising  from  far  out  on  the  cell  in  the  female,  like  Mechanitis, 
but  I  should  put  more  weight  on  the  character  of  udcv,  which 
is  quite  normal  for  the  Ithomia-Hetdrosais  series. 


On  Two  Species  of  Diploplectron  from  Texas 
(Hymenoptera :  Sphecidae). 

By  V.  S.  L.  PATE,  Cornell  University. 

In  1902,  James  A.  G.  Rehn  and  the  late  Henry  Lorenz 
Viereck  made  their  first  collecting  trip  to  the  southwestern 
United  States.  Much  of  the  material  taken  on  that  expedition 
has  long  since  been  reported  upon,  yet  there  still  remains,  in 
the  collections  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia, a  considerable  residue,  at  least  of  the  smaller  Hymen- 
optera, to  be  studied.  Recently  while  sorting  this  material,  the 
following  interesting  new  forms  were  discovered  and  are  here- 
with described. 
Diploplectron  vierecki1  new  species. 

The  black  head  and  thorax  and  bright  ferruginous  abdomen 
immediately  distinguish  the  present  and  the  following  new 
form  from  all  other  Nearctic  Diplo plectra.  The  closest  ally  of 
vierecki  is  apparently  D.  bidentatus  Ashmead,  but  in  addition 
to  the  different  general  livery,  the  present  species  may  be  sepa- 
rated from  that  form  by  the  unclouded  fore  wing,  the  immacu- 
late clypeus  and  front,  and  the  much  smaller  clypeal  teeth. 

Type.  $  ;  Foothills  of  the  Franklin  Mountains  north  of 
El  Paso,  El  Paso  County,  TEXAS.  Elevation,  3713-4000  feet. 

1  After  its  collector,  the  late  Henry  Lorenz  Viereck. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

April  5,  1902.     (H.  L.  Viereck.)    [Academy  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences of  Philadelphia,  Type  no.  10571.] 

$  .  4.5  mm.  long.  Black ;  mandibles,  save  for  red  apices,  deep 
yellow ;  antennae  dark  fuscous ;  legs  distad  of  femora  deep 
fulvous ;  tegulae  and  axillary  sclerites  fuliginous ;  abdomen 
bright  ferruginous.  Wings  clear  hyaline,  iridescent,  hind 
wings  with  an  ovate  fuscous  cloud  subapically ;  veins  and  stigma 
deep  fulvous. 

Head  fulgid ;  front,  vertex,  post-temporal  region  and  clypeus 
with  a  sparse  clothing  of  short,  suberect,  dark  aenous  setulae. 
Front  inconspicuously  tumid ;  with  a  microscopically  fine 
shallow,  clathrate  foveolation  superposed  upon  which  are  a  few 
small,  irregularly  disposed,  shallow  alveoli ;  bisected  discally 
by  a  short  furrow.  Vertex  sculptured  like  front  but  more 
finely  so ;  postocellar  distance  one  and  one-half  times  the  length 
of  ocellocular  line ;  temples  subnitidous  and  subglabrous.  An- 
tennae reaching  to  a  little  beyond  tegulae ;  the  antennocular  line 
two  and  one-half  times  the  interantennal  distance;  scape  short, 
stout,  about  one-third  (.36)  the  vertical  length  of  eye;  pedicel 
subcylindrical,  five-eighths  the  length  of  first  flagellar  article; 
flagellum  simple,  finely  puberulent,  first  two  segments  subequal 
in  length.  Clypeus  narrow,  transverse,  median  length  two- 
sevenths  the  vertical  length  of  eye,  fiat  laterally  but  rather 
strongly  obtrapezoidally  tumid  and  subnitidous  discally,  ending 
medio-apically  in  an  obtusely  pointed  lobe  bearing  two  very 
small  median  teeth  distally. 

Thorax  more  or  less  fulgid;  with  a  moderate  clothing  of 
suberect,  rather  long  whitish  pubescence  dorsally,  pleura  and 
sterna  more  scantily  clothed  with  long,  suberect,  dark  aeneous 
setulae.  Pronotum  rounded  anteriorly  and  laterally ;  with  scat- 
tered fine  punctures,  and  traversed  by  a  few  horizontal,  incon- 
spicuous rugulae ;  tubercles  almost  attaining  tegulae.  Mesonotum 
with  small,  moderately  close  punctures ;  scutellum  flat,  nitidous 
and  glabrous  discally;  postscutellum  subnitidous  medially. 
Mesopleura  without  epicnemium  anteriorly;  episternal  suture 
and  episternaulus  distinct  and  well  impressed;  prepectus  and 
below  episternauli  with  inconspicuous  horizontal  striae  and  a 
few  scattered  fine  punctures,  above  episternauli  and  behind 
episternal  suture  glabrous  and  nitidous.  Metapleura  glabrous, 
subnitidous,  with  very  inconspicuous  horizontal  striae, 
podeum  with  dorsal  face  glabrous,  opaque,  granulate  tendi 
to  become  finely  transversely  rugulate,  the  anterior  margin 
with  fine  irregular  reticulations,  somewhat  depressed 
posteriorly;  posterior  face  subfulgid.  with  erect,  rather 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan..  '41 

whitish  pubescence,  discally  with  an  indistinct  cuneiform  im- 
pression, laterad  of  which  surface  is  finely  and  irregularly 
punctate  and  rugulate;  lateral  faces  fulgid,  with  rather  long, 
erect  whitish  pubescence  and  a  few  parallel  subhorizontal  striae. 

Legs  with  middle  and  hind  tibiae  bearing  a  few  weak  spines. 

Fore  wing  with  third  submarginal  cell  twice  as  long  on  cubitus 
as  on  radial  vein. 

Abdomen  fulgid ;  with  microscopically  fine,  transverse  clath- 
rate  aciculation.  Tergites  and  sternites  with  a  transverse  sub- 
apical  row  of  short  decumbent  fine  setulae ;  pygidium  small, 
elongate  trapeziform,  glabrous,  per  fulgid,  with  a  few  small, 
coarse,  well  separated  punctures;  ultimate  sternite  elongate, 
linguiform. 

9  .  Unknown.  Paratypcs.  2  $  ;  Topotypical;  April  4,  1901, 
April  5,  1902;  [A.  N.  "s.  P.] 

The  paratypes  agree  with  the  type  in  all  essential  details  of 
livery  and  structure,  except  that  in  the  specimen  taken  April 
5th  ,1902,  the  second  and  third  transverse  cubital  veins  of  the 
fore  wing  have  anastomosed  anteriorly  just  before  their  re- 
ception on  the  radial  vein. 
Diploplectron  kantsi2  new  species. 

Although  resembling  vicrccki  so  closely  as  to  be  easily  con- 
fused with  it,  kantsi  differs  from  that  form  in  a  number  of 
details,  notably  in  the  shape  of  the  clypeus,  the  penult  ab- 
dominal sternite,  the  venation  of  the  fore  wing,  its  opaque 
granular  head  and  thorax,  the  different  postocellar-ocellocular 
ratio,  and  the  longer,  differently  proportioned  antennal  seg- 
ments. 

Type.  $  ;  Foothills  of  the  Franklin  Mountains  north  of 
El  Paso,  El  Paso  County,  TEXAS.  Elevation,  3713-4000  feet. 
April  6,  1902.  (Henry  L.  Viereck.)  [Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Type  no.  10572.] 

$  .  5  mm.  long.  Black ;  mandibles  dark  miniatous ;  antennae 
dark  fuscous ;  legs  distad  of  femora  deep  fulvous ;  tegulae  and 
axillary  sclerites  fuliginous;  abdomen  ferruginous.  Wings 
hyaline,  uniformly  tinged  throughout  with  light  fulvous ;  hind 
wings  with  a  small  diffuse  light  fuscous  cloud  subapically; 
veins  and  stigma  fuliginous. 

Head  opaque ;  sparsely  clothed  with  decumbent  whitish  pub- 
escence. Front  finely  granulate,  bisected  discally  by  a  short 

2  Named  after  the  Lipan  Indians,  who  were  given  the  name  Kantsi  by 
the  Caddo. 


hi.  '41  I  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \l.\\  >  7 

furrow.  Vertex  subgranular;  postocellar  distance  about  one- 
half  the  length  of  ocellocular  line;  temples  subfulsjid.  with 
microscopically  fine,  shallow,  clathrate  faveolation.  Antennae- 
long,  reaching  at  least  to  middle  of  scutellum ;  antennuailar 
line  two  and  one-half  times  the  interuntemuil  distance;  scape 
short,  stout,  one-fourth  the  vertical  length  of  eye;  pedicel  sub- 
cylindrical,  one-third  the  length  of  the  elongate  first  Magellar 
article;  flagellum  somewhat  compressed,  first  two  segments 
elongate,  the  second  five-sixths  the  length  of  first  article. 
Clypeus  subopaque,  narrow,  transverse,  median  length  one- 
fourth  the  vertical  length  of  eye,  flat  laterally  to  obtrigonally 
tumid  discally,  ending  medio-apically  in  an  obtusely  pointed 
lobe  bearing  two  minute  median  teeth  distally. 

Thorax  granular,  more  or  less  opaque;  thinly  clothed  with 
suberect,  rather  long  whitish  pubescence.  Pronotum  rounded 
anteriorly  and  laterally;  the  tubercles  almost  attaining  the 
tegulae.  Mesopleura  granulate  throughout,  with  episternal 
suture  and  episternauli  distinct  and  well  developed.  Meta- 
pleura  glabrous,  finely  granulose.  Propodeum  opaque,  granu- 
lose  throughout;  dorsal  face  glabrous;  posterior  and  lateral 
faces  scantily  clothed  with  short  suberect  light  pubescence; 
posterior  face  with  a  median  cuneiform  impression  dorsad. 

Legs  with  middle  and  hind  tibiae  bearing  a  few  weak  spines. 

Fore  wings  with  first  transverse  cubital  vein  bearing  a  spur 
directed  toward  the  base  of  stigma;  second  submarginal  cell 
subtrigonal,  the  second  and  third  transverse  cubital  veins  com- 
ing together  to  a  point  on  radius;  third  submarginal  cell  twice 
as  long  on  radius  as  on  cubitus. 

Abdomen  more  or  less  f  ulgid ;  with  microscopically  fine, 
transverse  clathrate  aciculation.  Tergites  and  sternites  with  a 
transverse  subapical  row  of  short  decumbent  fine  setulae ; 
pygidium  small,  elongate,  narrow7  trapeziform,  developed  only 
on  posterior  half  of  ultimate  tergite,  and  glabrous,  per  f  ulgid, 
with  a  few  punctures;  ultimate  sternite  elongate  linguiform 
apically,  penult  sternite  trigonal,  narrowly  truncate  and  notched 
medio-apically,  the  posterior  half' somewhat  compressed. 

9  .  Unknown.  This  species  is  known  at  present  from  only 
the  unique  male  described  above. 


8  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

Notes  on  Costa  Kican  Mycetophilidae  (Diptera). 

By  ELIZABETH  G.  FISHER,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 

of   Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Alan  Stone  has  kindly  called  my  attention  to  the  fact 
that  Leia  analis  Fisher  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  65:  232-233. 
1939)  is  a  homonym  of  Lcia  analis  Meigen  (Syst.  Beschr.  1: 
257.  1818).  The  latter  is  now  considered  to  belong  to  the 
genus  Bolctina.  I  therefore  propose  the  name  Lcia  costari- 
censis  new  name  for  Lcia  analis  Fisher. 

The  four  males  identified  by  me  as  Platyura  (Proceroplatus) 
pictipennis  Williston  are  a  distinct  species.  Dr.  F.  W.  Edwards 
has  sent  me  a  rough  sketch  of  the  dry  male  terminalium  of 
Williston's  type  in  the  British  Museum.  It  differs  from  that 
figured  by  me.  (Fisher  1.  c.  pi.  13,  fig  6).  I  therefore  de- 
scribe the  Costa  Rican  species  below : 
Platyura  (Proceroplatus)  vittata  new  species 

1939.  Platyura  (Proceroplatus)  pictipennis  Williston,  Fisher 
Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  65:  228,  pi.  13,  fig.  6. 

This  species  is  close  to  Platyura  pictipennis  Williston  differ- 
ing in  terminalial  structure  as  well  as  in  color.  These  color 
differences  are  described  in  the  author's  paper  referred  to 
above. 

$  .  Total  length  2.8  to  3  mm.  Face  yellow ;  vertex  dark 
brown,  deep  black  around  the  ocelli.  Palpi  dark  brown.  Meso- 
notum  brown  with  a  wide  median  yellow  stripe,  the  humeral 
angles  and  the  lateral  margins  whitish.  Pleura  whitish  yellow 
except  the  pleurotergites  which  are  deep  brown.  Scutellum 
yellow.  Apex  of  the  postnotum  deep  brown.  Mesonotum  uni- 
formly setose.  Anepisternites  and  pleurotergites  with  setae. 
Halteres  yellow,  knob  brown.  Legs  yellow.  Fore  tibia  longer 
than  fore  basitarsus  ( 1 .  5  :  1 . ) .  Abdomen  brown  to  blackish- 
brown,  except  the  first  segment  which  is  entirely  yellow;  the 
second  to  fifth  tergites  with  yellow  posterior  margins,  the  sixth 
and  seventh  tergites  deep  brown  . 

Type:  $  ;  San  Jose,  COSTA  RICA  (H.  Schmidt).  June  27, 
1930.  [Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  no.  6626]. 

Paratypes:  3  $  ;  San  Jose,  Costa  Rica  (H.  Schmidt).  April 
(defective)  May  7,  June  23,  1930. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  9 

Some  of  the  Eumolpinae  and  Chrysomelinae 
of  South  Dakota  (Coleoptera), 

By  PAUL  H.  JOHNSON,  Mexico,  Missouri. 

The  specimens  seen  were  those  in  the  collection  of  the  En- 
tomology-Zoology Department  of  the  South  Dakota  State 
College  at  Brookings. 

This  collection  is  composed  of  the  Truman  collection,  and  of 
collections  made  by  various  members  of  the  Entomology  De- 
partment of  State  College.  The  Truman  collection  was  bought 
by  State  College  after  his  death,  which  occurred  in  the  early 
1900's.  Very  few  of  the  specimens  in  the  Truman  collection 
have  date  labels,  and  the  locality  labels  at  times  seem  to  be  in- 
correct. The  collections  of  the  Entomology  Department  have 
been  state-wide  in  extent  and  have  been  carried  on  for  a  number 
of  years. 

The  specimens  in  the  Truman  collection  have  no  collector 
labels,  so  any  specimen  in  that  group  is  marked  by  a  "T"  in  the 
list.  Other  collectors  were  John  Hetland,  G.  I.  Gilbertson  and 
H.  C.  Severin.  All  specimens  collected  by  these  men  are 
marked  in  the  list  by  the  initials  of  their  surnames. 

There  were  twenty-four  species,  representing  eleven  genera, 
of  th  tribe  Chrysomelinae  in  the  collection.  Of  the  eleven 
genera  two  (Phaedon  and  Prasocuris)  may  not  occur  in  the 
State.  Phaedon  was  found  only  in  the  Truman  collection,  and 
the  species  represented  is  not  likely  to  inhabit  South  Dakota. 
Prasocuris  was  found  only  in  the  Truman  collection. 

There  were  twenty  species  of  Eumolpinae  representing  thir- 
teen genera  found  in  the  collection.  This  is  not  including  Fidia 
viticida  Walsh,  which  occurs  in  the  State,  but  was  not  repre- 
sented in  the  collection.  The  only  doubtful  genus  in  the 
Eumolpinae  is  Colas pidea.  There  were  four  of  these  in  the 
Truman  collection;  three  were  from  Los  Angeles,  California, 
and  the  other  was  labeled  Volga,  South  Dakota. 

EUMOLPINAE. 

ADOXUS  OBSCURUS  (Linn.),  1  spcvimui.   Englewood   ( 
G. 


10  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

A.  OBSCURUS  VITIS  (Fab.),  8  specimens,  Englewood  (June) 
G. 

MYOCHROUS  MOVALLUS  Johnson,  5  specimens,  Elk  Point 
(June)  G. 

M.  SOUAMOSUS  Lee.,  16  specimens,  Whitewood  (June)  G., 
Martin  (June)  G.,  Canton  (June)  G.,  Buffalo  (June)  G., 
Philip  (June)  G.,  Orman  Dam  (July)  G.,  Houghton  (June) 
G.,  Belle  Fourche  (June)  G. 

GLYPTOSCELIS  ALBIDA  Lee.,  1  specimen,  Newell  (July)  G. 

(G.  CRYPTICA  (Say),  not  in  collection,  but  probably  in 
state.) 

COLASPIDEA  VARICOLOR  Crotch,  1  specimen,  Volga  T.  (Leng 
lists  this  species  from  Southern  California.) 

PARIA  CANELLA  ATERRIMA  (Oliv.),  14  specimens,  Philip 
(June)  G.,  Volga  T.,  Chester  (June)  G.,  Belle  Fourche  (June) 
G.,  Colton  (June)  G.,  Oelrichs  (June)  G. 

P.  CANELLA  GILVIPES  Horn,  1  specimen,  Lake  Oalcvvood 
(July)  S. 

P.  CANELLA  THORACICA  (Melsh.),  2  specimens,  Oelrichs 
(June)  G.,  Browns  Valley  (June)  G. 

P,  CANELLA  OUADRINOTATA  (Say),  15  specimens,  Colton 
(June)  G.,  Brookings  (May)  S.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  Yank- 
ton  (June)  G.,  Chester  (June)  G. 

P.  CANELLA  VITTATA  Horn,  4  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Colton 
(June)  G. 

P.  CANELLA  QUADRIGUTTATA  Lee.,  5  specimens,  Volga  T., 
Springfield  (June,  August)  G. 

P.  CANELLA  SEXNOTATA  (Say),  1  specimen,  Volga  T. 

P.  CANELLA  PUMILA  Lee.,  1  specimen,  Volga  T. 

CHRYSOCHUS  AURATUS  (Fab.),  15  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Now- 
lin  T.,  Brookings  (June,  July)  S.,  Vermillion  (July)  S., 
Lennox  (August)  S.,  Martin  (June)  G.,  Watertown  T.,  White 
(July)  S.,  Aberdeen  (July)  S. 

C.  COBALTINUS  Lee.,  8  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Aurora  county 
T.,  Brookings,  (June,  September)  S. 

XANTHONIA  DECEMNOTATA  (Say),  9  specimens,  Big  Stone 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  11 

(August)  S.,  Whitewood  (July)  G.,  Springfield  (June)  G., 
Lake  Hendricks  (August)  S. 

(X.  VII.LOSULA  (Melsh.),  not  in  collection,  but  probably  in 
state.) 

(FmiA  vrnrinA  \Ya1sb,  not  in  collection,  but  known  to  !><•  at 
Yankton  and  Elk  Point.)  Severin. 

GRAPHOPS  PUBESCENS  (Melsh.),  2  specimens,  Parmelee 
(June)  G.,  Martin,  in  sand  hills,  (August)  G. 

G.  CURTIPENNIS  (Melsh.),  2  specimens,  Custer  (September) 
G.,  Kadoka,  in  Bad  Lands,  (August)  G. 

METACHROMA  DUBIOSUM  (Say),  3  specimens,  White  (July) 
G.,  Little  Bend  (August)  G.,  Martin,  in  sand  hills,  (June)  G. 

M.  INTERRUPTUM  (Say),  2  specimens,  Elk  Point  (June)  G. 

M.  PARALLELUM  Horn,  2  specimens,  Elk  Point  (June)  G. 

COLASPIS  FAVOSA  Say,  28  specimens,  South  Dakota  T., 
Brookings  T.  (July)'  S.,  Clark  (July)  S.,  Volga  T.,  De  Smet 
(July)  G.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  McNelly  (June)  G. 

RHABDOPTERUS  PICIPES  (Oliv.),  14  specimens,  Xewell 
(July)  G.  S.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  Vermillion  (June)  S., 
Browns  Valley  (June)  G. 

NODONOTA  TRISTIS  (Oliv.),  38  specimens,  Volga  T..  'White- 
wood  (July)  G.,  Lakeview  (June)  G.,  Parmelee  (June)  G., 
Hot  Springs  (June)  G.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  Rapid  City 
(June)  G.,  Elk  Point  (June)  G.,  Martin,  in  sand  hills,  (June) 
G.,  Pine  Ridge  (June)  G. 

N.  CONVEXA  (Say),  1  specimen,  Elk  Point  (June)  G. 

N.  PUNCTICOLLIS  (Say),  181  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Brookings 
T..  South  Dakota  T.,  Volin  (June)  G.,  Whitewood  (June, 
July)  G.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  Newell  (July)  G.,  Tabor 
(June)  G.,  Chester  (June)  G.,  White,  in  Warrens  Wood, 
(August)'  G.,  Rosebud  (June)  G.,  Lake  Hendricks  (July)  G. 

CHRYSODINA  GLOBOSA  (Oliv.),  26  specimens,  Capa  (June) 
S.,  Armour  (June)  S.,  Mitchell  (June)  S.,  Parmelee  (June) 
G.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  Lakeview  (June)  G.,  Martin,  in 
sand  hills,  (June)  G.,  Vivian  (June)  G.,  Interior  (June)  G., 
Hot  Springs  (June)  G.,  Fox  Ridge  (June)  G.,  Pine  Ridge 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

(June)  G.,  Rapid  City  (June)  G.,  Buffalo  (June)  G. 

CHRYSOMELINAE. 

PRASOCURIS  PHELLANDRII  (L.),  2  specimens,  Volga  T. 

(P.  VITATTA  (Oliv.),  not  in  collection,  but  may  be  in  State.) 

LABIDOMERA  CLIVICOLLIS  (Kby.),  21  specimens,  Volga  T., 
Elk  Point  (June)  G.,  Brookings  T.  (June,  August)  G.  S.,  Big 
Stone  City  T.,  Springfield  (June)  G.,  Canton  (August)  G., 
Aurora  county  T.,  Capa  (August)  S. 

LEPTINOTARSA  DECEMLINEATA  (Say),  19  specimens,  Brook- 
ings  (June,  July)  S.  T.,  Yankton  (June)  G.,  Capa  (August) 
S.,  Volga  T. 

ZYGOGRAMMA  EXCLAMATIONIS  (Fab.),  39  specimens,  Volga 
T.,  Yankton  (August)  S.,  Claremont  (August)  S.,  Aberdeen 
(July)  S.,  White  Lake  (August)  G.,  Lake  Oakwood  (June)  G., 
Pierre  T.,  Grass  Rope  (August)  G.,  Philip  (June)  G.,  Newell 
(July)  G.,  Wewela  (August)  G.,  Vivian  (June)  S.,  Nowlin 
T.,  Custer  T.,  Provo  (June)  G.,  Rapid  City  (June)  T.  G., 
White  River  (June)  S.,  Fairfax  (August)  S. 

Z.  CONJUNCTA  Rogers,  28  specimens,  Newell  (June,  July)  G. 

Z.  SUTORALIS  CASTA  Rogers,  37  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Brook- 
ings  (August)  S.  T.,  Lake  Oakwood  (June,  August)  S.  G., 
Vermillion  (July)  S.,  White  (July)  S.,  Lake  Preston  (May) 
S.,  Colton  (August)  S.,  Lennox  (August)  S.,  Mitchell  (June) 
S.,  Lake  Hendricks  (July)  G.,  Ipswich  (July)  S.,  Whitewood 
(July)  ,G.,  Rapid  City  (June)  G.,  Wewela  (August)  G.,  Grass 
Rope  (August)  G.,  Yankton  (August)  G. 

CALLIGRAPHA  LUNATA  (Fab.),  28  specimens,  Lake  Preston 
(May)  S.,  White  (July)  S.,  Sisseton  (July)  S.,  Claremont 
(August)  S.,  Interior  (August)  S.,  Kadoka,  in  Bad  Lands, 
(August)  S.,  Camp  (Fort)  Crook  (July)  S.,  Wasta  (Sep- 
tember) S.,  Capa  (August)  S. 

C.  SIMILIS  Rogers,  6  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Mitchell  (August) 
S.,  Lake  Campbell  (August)  S.,  Waubay  (September)  G., 
Newell  (July)  G.,  Fairfax  (August)  S. 

C.  INCISA  Rogers,  11  specimens,  Brookings  T.,  White 
(July)  S. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  13 

C.  PRAECELSIS  Rogers,  11  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Brooking 
(May,  June,  August)  S.,  G.  T.,  Spring-field  (August)  G., 
Canton  (June)  G. 

C.  ELEGANS  (Oliv.),  29  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Brookings 
(May)  S.,  Yankton  (August)  S.,  Lake  Oakwood  (June)  G., 
Waubay  (September)  G.,  Lake  Campbell  (August)  S.,  Madi- 
son (June)  S.,  Newell  (July)  G.,  Camp  (Fort)  Crook  (July) 
S.,  Englewood  (June)  G.,  Martin,  in  sand  hills,  (August)  G. 

C.  SCALARIS  Lee.,  4  specimens,  Brookings  (July)  S.,  Spring- 
field (June)  G.,  Yankton  (August)  G.,  Mitchell  (June)  S. 

C.  MULTIPUNCTATA  (Say),  71  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Elk 
Point  (June)  G.,  Brookings  (June,  July,  August)  S.  G., 
Aberdeen  (July)  S.,  White  (July)  S.,  Lake  Preston  (August) 
S.,  Sisseton  (July)  S.,  Newell  (July,  August)  G.  H.  S. 

CHRYSOMELA  FLAVOMARGINATA  Say,  25  specimens,  Volga  T., 
Newell  (July)  G.,  Rapid  City  (June)  G.,  Martin  (June)  G., 
Buffalo  (June)  G.,  Pine  Ridge  (June)  G.,  Cave  Hills  (July)  S. 

C.  AURIPENNIS  Say,  1  specimen,  Meckling  (June)  G. 

PHAEDON  OVIFORMIS  (Lee.),  4  specimens,  Volga  T. 

P.  VIRIDIS  (Melsh.),  none  in  collection  from  the  State,  but 
it  may  be  present. 

GASTROIDEA  POLYGONI  (L.),  96  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Brook- 
ings (June)  T.,  Lead  (July)  G. 

G.  CYANEA  (Melsh.),  26  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Springfield 
(June)  G.  S.,  Canton  (June)  G.,  Yankton  (April)  S.,  Newell 
(June,  July)  G. 

G.  VIRIDULA  (De  Geer),  23  specimens,  Pierre  (May)  S., 
Rapid  City  (June)  G. 

LINA  INTERRUPTA  Fab.,  198  specimens,  Volga  T.  S.,  Elk 
Point  (June,  August)  G.,  Brookings  (June,  July)  S.  G.,  Spring- 
field (June)  G.,  Canton  (April,  August)  S.  G.,  Yankton 
(April)  S.,  Colton  (August)  S.,  Pierre  T.,  Sioux  Falls 
(August)  S.,  Wentworth  (August)  S.,  Capa  (May)  S.,  New- 
ell (July)  G.  S.,  Nisland  (July)  S. 

L.  INTERRUPTA  QUADRiGUTTATA  Sch.,  26  specimens,  Volga 
T.,  Salem  (May)  S. 

L.  TKKMULAE  (Fab.),  42  specimens,  Newell  (July)  G.,  Cusn  r 
T.,  Rapid  City  (June)  G.,  Whitewoocl  (June,  July)  G.,  Kngle- 


14  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

wood  (June,  July)  G.,  Lead  (July)  G.,  Deadwood  (July)  G. 

L.  SCRIPTA  (Fab.),  71  specimens,  Volga  T.,  Brookings  (July, 
August)  S.  T.,  Colton  (July)  S.,  Pierre  T.,  Wentworth 
(August)  S.,  Sioux  Falls  (August)  S.,  Capa  (June)  S., 
Newell  (July)  G. 

PHYTODECTA  AMERICANA  Sch.,  8  specimens,  Englewood 
(June)  G.,  Deadwood  (July)  G.  S.,  Determination  confirmed 
by  H.  S.  Barber. 

PHYLLODECTA  AMERICANA  Sch.,  4  specimens,  Englewood 
(June)  G.,  Sylvan  Lake  (September)  G.  Determination  con- 
firmed by  H.  S.  Barber. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

BLATCHLEY,  W.  S. — Coleoptera  of  Indiana. 

CROTCH,  G.  R. — Materials  for  the  study  of  the  Phytophaga 
of  the  U.  S.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  1873,  pp.  19-83. 

HORN,  GEO.  H. — The  Eumolpini  of  Boreal  America.  Trans. 
Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  [XIX  pp.  195-234. 

JOHNSON,  PAUL  H. — A  New  Species  of  Myochrous.  Canad. 
Ent.,  June,  1931,  p.  148. 

LENG,  CHAS.  W. — Catalog  of  the  Coleoptera  of  America, 
North  of  Mexico,  1920. 

ROGERS,  W.  FREDERICK — Synopsis  of  Species  of  Chrysomela 
and  Allied  Genera  Inhabiting  the  U.  S.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phil.,  Vol.  VIII,  1856,  pp.  29-39. 

SAY,  THOMAS  -  -  Descriptions  of  Coleopterous  Insects  Col- 
lected in  the  Late  Expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Jour. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  Vol.  Ill,  1823-4,  pp.  403-462. 

SCHAEFFER,  CHAS. — New  Genera  and  Species  of  Coleoptera. 
Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  XII,  pp.  197-236. 

ID. — Notes  on  the  Species  of  Lina  and  Allied  Genera.  The 
Canadian  Ent.  Vol.  LX,  1928,  pp.  42-47. 

ID. — On  a  Few  New  and  Old  Chrysomelidae.  Jour.  N.  Y. 
Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXXII,  1924,  pp.  138-145. 

Damage  to  Entomological  Collections  in  the  British 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Science  for  December  6  and  13,  1940,  states  that  the  Museum 
has  been  hit  by  high  explosive  and  incendiary  bombs  and  that 
the  department  of  entomology  was  damaged,  especially  by 
water  seepage. 


lii,'41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  15 

Notes  on  Florida  Odonata. 

By  M.  J.  WESTFALL,  JR.,  Baker  Museum,  Rollins  College, 
Winter  Park,  Florida. 

While  connected  with  the  Baker  Museum  during  the  past 
three  years  I  have  done  considerable  field  work  and  collecting 
in  Florida.  Being  especially  interested  in  Odonata,  I  have 
concentrated  on  these  insects  with  the  result  that  some  species 
have  been  taken  which  have  proved  to  be  quite  unusual  and  it 
seems  that  comments  on  them  would  be  in  order  at  this  time. 
Various  notes  of  interest  are  included  in  the  following  records. 

PROGOMPHUS  ALACHUENSIS.  This  species  was  collected  very 
commonly  during  the  Spring  of  1939,  on  the  sandy  shores  of 
lakes  in  central  Florida.  Of  the  considerable  number  of  speci- 
mens taken,  only  two  were  females,  one  collected  while  emerg- 
ing, and  the  other,  a  mature  specimen  caught  in  my  hands  in 
the  woods  about  one-half  mile  from  a  lake. 

CORYPHAESCHNA  viRENS.  One  female  was  collected  on 
Lower  Matecumbe  Key,  March  20,  1938,  as  it  flew  back  and 
forth  over  a  roadside  ditch.  In  the  hand  it  was  quite  distinct 
from  C.  ingens,  in  the  greater  extent  of  the  green  coloration  of 
the  thorax,  as  well  as  other  slight  differences.  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert 
confirmed  this  identification. 

TETRAGONEURIA  SEPIA.  Though  some  persons  have  doubted 
the  validity  of  this  species,  we  believe  it  to  be  quite  distinctive. 
My  first  specimens,  a  male  and  female,  were  collected  from  the 
street  in  front  of  my  home  in  Orlando,  at  least  one-half  mile 
from  a  lake,  on  March  28,  1938.  Immediately  we  noticed 
differences  between  these  and  the  other  Tetragoneurias  previ- 
ously taken.  We  supposed  them  to  be  sepia  and  sent  the  male 
to  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert  who  confirmed  the  identification.  Now  I 
seem  to  be  able  to  identify  this  species  before  capture,  especi- 
ally by  the  slightly  smaller  size.  Certainly  when  in  the  hand, 
the  prominent  yellowish  spots  of  the  thorax  and  the  relatively 
longer  inferior  appendages  distinguish  T.  sepia  from  the  other 
members  of  that  genus  found  here. 

I  found  a  dead  male  on  a  lily  pad  in  a  Winter  Park  lak. 
May  9,  1939.     Mr.  E.  M.  Davis  collected  a  male  on  the  west 


16  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jail.,  '41 

end  of  the  Tamiami  Trail  in  the  early  part  of  March,  1939.  In 
the  afternoon  of  June  7,  1939,  my  father  and  I  were  collecting 
various  small  Odonata  for  about  an  hour  in  Nassau  County  at 
what  is  known  as  Boggy  Creek.  We  had  almost  decided  to 
leave  when  an  unusual  dragonfly  appeared.  I  succeeded  in 
catching  it  and  found  it  to  be  T.  sepia.  Soon  another  appeared 
and  then  another,  until  we  were  swinging  right  and  left  at  them. 
They  would  fly  toward  the  collector  until  just  out  of  reach  of 
the  net  and  stop  in  mid-air,  often  for  several  seconds,  and  then 
dart  at  great  speed  perhaps  within  a  foot  of  the  collector  who 
would  usually  miss.  Then  the  same  thing  would  be  repeated. 
In  all  the  other  specimens  of  T.  sepia  I  have  taken,  this  char- 
acteristic of  hovering  so  long  in  the  air  has  not  been  noticed, 
but  the  flight  has  been  much  more  nervous.  With  a  sling  shot 
or  gun  that  day  we  might  have  collected  many  more,  but  when 
we  began  to  learn  the  trick  of  catching  them  with  a  net  it  be- 
came dark  and  we  found  only  sixteen  specimens  had  been 
taken,  only  one  of  which  was  a  female.  The  following  morn- 
ing we  returned  and  stayed  until  9  A.  M.,  but  no  more  of  these 
dragonflies  appeared.  Several  of  these  specimens  were  pre- 
sented to  the  Cornell  collection  and  Dr.  Needham  agreed  on 
the  identification. 

This  year  I  took  one  male  and  one  female  at  my  home  again 
on  April  8  and  April  21,  1940,  respectively.  Two  females 
were  collected  April  8,  1940,  at  Lake  Redbug  in  Orange 
County.  All  the  specimens  I  have  taken  were  collected  just 
before  dusk  and  were  not  seen  at  other  times,  but  whether  this 
denotes  a  tendency  toward  a  dusk-flying  habit  of  this  species 
or  not,  I  would  hesitate  to  say. 

CELITHEMIS  BERTHA  and  FASCIATA.  The  first  species  with 
its  characteristic  red  venation  of  the  wings  was  found  com- 
monly on  many  lakes  of  central  Florida  in  the  Spring  of  1939. 
Also  C.  fasciata  was  unusually  common  during  the  same  time, 
being  collected  at  almost  every  lake  and  pond  visited.  The 
spotting  of  the  wings  was  found  to  be  quite  variable.  In  a 
series  of  specimens  taken  in  Florida,  Georgia,  and  North  Caro- 
lina, some  were  found  with  no  indication  of  the  yellowish  color 
in  the  pale  areas  of  the  wings  which  is  so  characteristic  of  C. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  17 

fasciata.  The  dark  area  just  proximal  and  posterior  to  the 
nodus  in  the  front  wing  in  all  cases  extended  posteriorly  to 
Ciii,  and  in  most  cases  extended  well  beyond  that  vein. 

LIBELLULA  AURIPENNIS  and  jESSEANA.  It  has  been  a  great 
pleasure,  with  the  help  of  Mrs.  Leonora  K.  Gloyd,  to  straighten 
out  some  of  the  kinks  in  the  identification  of  these  two  species 
in  Florida.  We  had  formerly  believed  L.  auripcnnis  to  be  very 
abundant  here  and  L.  jcsscana  to  be  quite  rare  because  of  the 
few  purplish  bodied  specimens  of  the  latter  species  collected. 
We  now  find  that  L.  jcsscana  is  our  abundant  species  and  L. 
auripennis  has  certainly  not  been  common  in  our  collecting  ex- 
perience. Because  of  the  very  red  hue  of  the  stigma  and  wing 
veins  of  jesseana,  as  well  as  the  difference  in  thoracic  mark- 
ings pointed  out  by  Mrs.  Gloyd,  field  identification  is  made 
quite  easy.  Farther  south  in  the  state,  on  Merritt's  Island,  and 
at  a  few  other  stations  we  have  taken  auripcnnis,  while  I  have 
collected  jesseana  commonly  on  up  into  Georgia  and  North 
Carolina.  There  have  probably  been  many  errors  made  in  the 
identification  of  specimens  of  these  two  species.  Some  have 
thought  that  L.  jesseana  was  not  a  distinct  species,  but  certainly 
the  genitalia  and  thoracic  pattern  are  very  different  and  sepa- 
ration of  the  species  is  quite  easy. 

SYMPETRUM  CORRUPTUM.  We  have  usually  found  these 
dragonflies  sparingly  in  Florida.  Several  specimens  have  been 
collected  on  Merritt's  Island  and  I  took  one  female  on  Sanibel 
Island,  December  31,  1939.  Mr.  E.  M.  Davis  found  this 
species  very  common  on  the  beach  near  Cape  Canaveral  in 
November,  1939. 

LEPTHEMIS  VESICULOSA.  October  2-4,  1939,  I  was  collecting 
shells  at  Sanibel  and  Captiva  Islands.  While  walking  down  the 
beach  on  the  gulf  shore  of  Sanibel  I  saw  what  appeared  to  be 
a  large  female  Erythcinis  simplicicollis.  Then  another  flew  l>y 
and  many  more  were  soon  seen.  I  knew  at  once  that  I  had 
found  a  good  place  to  collect  L.  vcsiculosa,  but  alas,  I  had  no 
net,  only  a  sling  shot  and  cyanide  jar  which  had  been  thrown 
in  at  the  last  minute  while  packing.  I  found  however  that  the 
sling  shot  with  coarse  sand  was  very  effective  in  collecting 


18  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

them.  They  lit  on  the  grass,  sand,  pen  shells,  etc.,  and  were  so 
indifferent  about  my  presence  that  I  began  throwing  sand  at 
them  and  thus  catching  them  easily.  Hundreds  of  them  were 
seen  and  about  25  collected.  On  December  27,  1939,  I  re- 
turned to  Sanibel  but  saw  only  one  Lepthemis  on  the  gulf  shore 
during  our  stay.  However,  on  January  1,  1940,  I  visited  the 
bay  side  of  the  island  and  found  them  just  as  abundant  as  they 
had  been  on  the  gulf  shore  in  October ;  35  were  taken  in  a 
short  time,  males  and  females.  This  locality  is  much  further 
north  than  the  former  published  records  from  the  Florida  Keys. 

The  coloration  of  the  specimens  from  Sanibel  taken  on  the 
second  trip  varied  considerably  from  the  descriptions  by  Need- 
ham  and  Byers.  They  might  have  described  from  very  dry 
specimens,  but  even  our  dry  specimens  appear  different.  The 
stigma,  appendages  of  the  10th  segment,  the  face  except  for  a 
little  yellow  about  the  mandibles  and  labrum,  the  vertex,  coxae 
and  trochanters  of  these  specimens  were  decidedly  greenish. 
The  tibiae  and  tarsi  were  predominantly  blackish  and  the 
femora  were  for  the  most  part  brownish,  although  sometimes 
blackish  externally  or  inferiorly. 

MACRODIPLAX  BALTEATA.  We  have  collected  this  species 
commonly  on  Merritt's  Island,  at  Titusville,  Sebastian  Inlet, 
etc.,  in  the  vicinity  of  brackish  water  along  the  coast.  A  few 
years  ago  we  were  very  much  surprised  to  find  it  on  the  flood 
plains  of  the  St.  John's  River  near  Geneva,  approximately  20 
miles  inland.  Here  there  are  brackish  water  ponds,  but  we 
wondered  what  path  they  had  followed  in  extending  their 
range  from  the  coast.  When  Mr.  E.  M.  Davis  collected  a  few 
specimens  at  a  brackish  lake  west  of  Mims  the  possibility  of 
their  having  spread  inland  at  this  point  became  apparent.  The 
chain  of  lakes  from  Titusville  to  the  St.  John's  would  furnish 
a  possible  path  for  this  extension  of  range.  This  species  was 
also  found  on  Sanibel  in  May,  1940,  as  we  would  expect  from 
the  species  found  there  which  prefer  a  similar  habitat. 

(To  be  continued) 


List  of  Titles  of  Publications  Referred  to  by  Numbers 
in  Entomological  Literature  in  Entomological  News. 

1.  Transactions   of   The   American   Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia. 

2.  Entomologische   Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein   etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annales  Sci.  Naturelles,  Zoologie,  Paris. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.     London,   Canada. 

5.  Psycho,  A  Journal  of  Entomology.     Boston,  Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische  Zeitschrift.     Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of  Economic  Entomology,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Archives   do   Institute   Biologico,    Sao    Paulo. 

15.  Annales  Academia  Brasileira  de  Sciencias.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Entomologische  Zeitschrift.     Frankfurt-M. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

21.  The  Entomologists'  Record  and  Journal  of  Variation.     London. 

22.  Bulletin  of  Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bolletino  del  Lab.  di  Zool.  gen.  e  agraria  della  Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

27.  Bolletino  della  Societa  Entomologica  Italiana.     Genova. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of  the  Ent.   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  Archives  do  Institute  de  Biologia  Vegetal.    R.  d.  Janeiro. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.  E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

36.  Trans.  Royal  Entomological  Society,  London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the   Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,  Fla. 

40.  American   Museum   Novitales.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schaffhausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal  of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilena   de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fur  Morphologic  und   Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural  Research.     Washington.   D.   C. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the  U.   S.   National   Museum.     Washington,   D.   C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  Helsingfors.    Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv  fur   Naturjjeschichte,   hrsg.  v.  E.  Strand      Berlin. 

53.  Ouarterly  Journal  of   Af icroscopical   Science.     London. 
*c  Pan-Pacific    F.ntnmnloeist      San    Francisco,    Cal. 

57.  La  Feuille  des  Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Fntomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.     Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologique,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,   Germany. 


61.  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.     San  Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.     New  York. 

64.  Zeitschrift  des  osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fur  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.  K.  Escherich.     Berlin. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.    Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Physis.    Revista  Soc.  Argentina  Cien.  Nat.     Buenos  Aires. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,  England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Mem.  Institute  Butantan.     Sao  Paulo,  Brazil. 

75.  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     London. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin  Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.    Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv  for  zoologie,   K.  Svenska   Vetenskapsakademien  i.     Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.    Brooklyn. 

87.  Archiv  fur  Entwicklungs  mechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.    Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaften,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische  Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,   Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift  fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,  Washington,  D.  C- 

97.  Biologisches   Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le  Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,  Chicoutimi,  Quebec. 

101.  Tijdschrift  voor  entomologie.     Nederland.  Ent.  Ver.,  Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk   Forening,   Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological    Society,    Lawrence,    Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 

105.  Revista  de  Entomologia,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

106.  Anales  Sociedad  Cientifica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 

107.  Proc.,  Royal  Entomological  Society,  London. 

108.  Revista,  Col.  Nac.  Vicente  Rocafuerte,  Guayaquil. 

109.  Arbeiten  uber  morpholog.  und  taxonom.  ent.  aus  Berlin-Dahlem. 

110.  Arbeiten  ueber  physiolog.  u.  angewandte  ent.  aus  Berlin-Dahlem. 

111.  Memorias  do  Institute  Oswaldo  Cruz.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

112.  Anales    del    Institute    de    Biologia    Mexico. 

114.  Occasional  Papers  of  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan. 

115.  Memorias  de  la  Soc.  Cubana  de  Hist.  Nat.     Havana,  Cuba. 

116.  Parasitology.     Ed.  Keilin  and  Hindlc.     London. 

117.  Microentomology,   Stanford   University. 

118.  Ward's  Ent.  &  Nat.  Sci.  Bull,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

119.  American  Midland  Naturalist,  Notre  Dame,  Ind. 

120.  The  Great  Basin   Naturalist,   Provo,  Utah. 

121.  Ciencia,  Mexico  City. 

122.  Revista  Museo  de  la  Plata,  Buenos  Aires. 

123.  Indian  Journal  of  Entomology,  New  Delhi. 


lii,'41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NKWS  19 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    V.    S.    L.    PATE,    L.    S.    MACKEY    and    E.    G.    FISHER. 

Under  the  above  head  It  Is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  th« 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  Installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (•) ;  If  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  Indicated 
In  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  In  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  In  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  Issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers  published   in  the   Entomological   News  are   not   listed. 

GENERAL. — Anduze,  P.  J. — Un  proyecto  cle  estudio  cle 
la  fauna  entomologica  Venezolana.  [Bol.  Soc.  Venezolana 
Cien.  Nat.]  6:  238-248.  Armbruster,  L. — Eine  miocaene 
Insektenfauna  (mit  meinem  Praparierverfahren).  [Verb. 
VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1365-1371.  Aubrook, 
E.  W. — The  preparation  of  models  of  the  heads  and  tracheal 
system  of  insects.  [Mus.  Jour.,  London]  40:  223-225,  ill. 
Beall,  G. — The  fit  and  significance  of  contagious  distribu- 
tions when  applied  to  observations  on  larval  insects.  [84] 
21 :  460-474.  Blackwelder,  R.  E. — Some  aspects  of  modern 
taxonomy.  [6]  48:  245-257.  Carpenter,  G,  D.  H.— Birds  as 
enemies  of  butterflies,  with  special  reference  to  mimicry. 
[Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1061-1074,  ill. 
Chapman,  R.  N. — Insect  population  problems  in  relation  to 
insect  outbreak.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  9,  (1939):  261-269. 
Eichler,  W. — Geographische  und  okologische  Probleme  bei 
ektoparasitischen  Insekten.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1089-1096.  Emerson,  A.  E.— Populations 
of  social  insects.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  9,  (1939):  287-300. 
Fall,  H.  C. — Obituary  and  bibliography  by  P.  J.  Darlington. 
[5]  47:  45-54,  ill.  Fichter,  E. — An  ecological  study  of 
Wyoming  spruce-fir  forest  Arthropods  with  special  refer- 
ence to  stratification.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  9:  (1939)  :  185-215, 
ill.  Fiebrig,  C. — Skizzen  aus  dem  Insektenleben  in  Para- 
guay. [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1097- 


20  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

1105,  ill.  Gerhardt,  U. — Ueber  die  biologische  bedeutung 
der  lautausserungen  einiger  insekten.  [Forsch.  &  Fortsch.] 
16:  291-292.  Gibson,  A. — The  Canadian  Entomological 
Service;  50  years  of  Retrospect,  1887-1937.  [Verb.  VII  In- 
ternat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  3:  1429-1479.  Graham,  S.  A. 
-Forest  insect  populations.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  9,  (1939): 
301-310.  Griffin,  F.  J. — The  first  entomological  societies. 
An  early  chapter  in  entomological  history  in  England. 
[107]  A,  15:  49-68.  Hoffmann,  W.  H.— Das  Finlay-In- 
stitut  und  die  Gelbfiebermucke.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  3:  1589-1603,  ill.  Hungerford,  H.  B.— Results 
of  the  Oxford  University  Cayman  Islands  Biological  Ex- 
pedition of  1938.  [8]  76:  255-256.  Janse,  A.  J.  T.— Glimpses 
of  the  development  of  entomological  science  in  South 
Africa.  [J.  Ent.  Soc.  So.  Afr.]  3:  1-8,  King,  K,  M—  Popu- 
lation studies  of  soil  insects  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  9,  (1939)  : 
270-286.  Lounsbury,  C.  P. — The  pioneer  period  of  eco- 
nomic entomology  in  South  Africa.  [J.  Ent.  Soc.  So.  Afr.] 
3  :  9-29.  Park,  O. — Nocturnalism — The  development  of  a 
problem.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  10:  486-536.  Sakimura  &  Lin- 
ford. — An  annotated  list  of  insects  from  Lanai  (Hawaiian 
Ids).  [37]  10:  451-454.  Savely,  H.  E.,  Jr.— Ecological  re- 
lations of  certain  animals  in  dead  pine  and  oak  logs.  [Ecol. 
Monogr.]  9,  (1939)  :  323-385,  ill.  Schmidt,  E.— Libellen  als 
Objecte  der  angewandten  Entomologie.  [Verb.  VII  Inter- 
nat. Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  3:  1494-1505,  ill.  Schuhardt,  V. 
T. — A  "tictorium"  for  the  propagation  of  a  colony  of  in- 
fected Ornithodoros  turicata.  [Jour.  Parasit.]  26:  201-206, 
ill.  Sellnick,  M. — Milben  als  Parasiten  von  Insekten. 
[Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1300-1307,  ill. 
Silvestri,  F. — Importanza  dell  'entomologia  nell'  economia 
mondiale.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  3: 
1506-1522.  Smith,  C.  C. — Biotic  and  physiographic  succes- 
sion on  abandoned  eroded  farmland.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  10: 
422-484.  Smith,  H.  S. — Insect  populations  in  relation  to 
biological  control.  [Ecol.  Monogr.]  9,  (1939):  311-320,  ill. 
Smith,  R.  H. — Modified  Riker  insect  mount  for  use  in 
teaching.  [4]  72:  209-211,  ill.  Ulrich,  H.— Uber  den  gen- 
erationswechsel  und  seine  bedingungen.  [Die  Naturwis- 
sensch.]  28:  569-576,  ill.,  cont.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— The 
life  and  works)  of,  by  Essig  &  Usinger.  [55]  16:  145-177, 
ill.  Weidner,  H. — Die  Grossstadt  als  Lebensraum  der  In- 
sekten, ihre  Biotope  und  ihre  Besiedlung.  [Verb.  VII  In- 
ternat. Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1347-1361,  ill.  Weiss,  H.  B. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XEWS  21 

-Money  losses  due  to  destructive  insects.  [6]  48:  195-199. 
Wille,  J.  E. — Landwirtschaftliche  Entomologie  in  Peru  und 
angrenzenden  Landern  Sudamerikas.  [Verh.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  3:  1523-1539.  Williams,  C.  B—  The 
numbers  of  insects  caught  in  a  light  trap  at  Rothhamsted 
during  four  years,  1933-37.  [107]  A,  15:  78-80. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Andre,   M.— Sur 

1'allotrophie  chez  les  Acariens.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1009-1023.  Barbieri,  N.  A.— L'ampoule 
articulee  des  Dipteres  (balancier)j  organe  de  respiration  ct 
de  direction  du  vol.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  628-629,  ill.  Les  crustaces  et  les  insectes  ne 
possedent  pas  d'yeux  composes  ou  le  systeme  oculaire  dans 
1'echelle  zoologique.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  630-652,  ill.  Baumann,  C. — -Ueber  den  Legeap- 
parat  von  Baryconus  rufipes  (Hym.,  Proct.).  und  seine 
Beziehungen  sum  Abdominalhocker.  [Verh.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  653-666,  ill.  Berg,  V.  L— The  ex- 
ternal morphology  of  the  immature  stages  of  the  bee  fly 
Systoechus  vulgaris  (Dipt.:  Bombyliid.),  a  predator  of 
grasshopper  egg  pods.  [4]  72:  169-178,  ill.  Buchmann  & 
Sydow. — Weitere  Versuche  an  Drosophila  melanogaster 
uber  den  Einfluss  von  Schwermetallsalzen  auf  die  Muta- 
tionsauslosung  durch  Rontgenstrahlen.  Versuche  mit 
Uranylacetat.  [97]  60:  137-142.  Campau,  E.  J.— The  in.  r- 
phology  of  Chauliognathus  pennsylvanicus  (Coleo:  Can- 
tharid.).  [Microent.]  5:  57-90,  ill.  Catala,  R. — Variations 
experimentales  de  1'Urania  de  Madagascar  (Lep.)  [Verh. 
VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  667-672.  ill.  Clark, 
H.  W. — The  adult  musculature  of  the  Anisopterous  dragon- 
fly thorax  (Odonata).  [J.  Morph.]  67:  523-565,  ill.  Cope, 
O.  B. — The  morphology  of  Psocus  confraternus.  [Micro- 
ent.] 5:  91-115,  ill.  Cumley,  R.  W. — Comparison  of  sero- 
logic  and  taxonomic  relationships  of  Drosophila  spp.  [6] 
48:  265-274,  ill.  Dallas,  E.  D.— Coexistencia  de  dos  Mmi- 
struosidades  en  un  Coleoptero.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  673-677,  ill.  Coleopteros  que  originan 
Dermatitis  en  la  Republica  Argentina.  [Verh.  VII  Inter- 
nat. Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  678  Un  Lepirloptero 
ginandromorfo.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
2:  683-684,  ill.  Dutky  &  White. — Note  on  the  occurrence 
of  microsporidian  infection  among  native  Scarabeid  larvae. 
[Jour.  Parasit.]  26:  333.  Ebner,  R.--Einigr  li-ralolngische 
Naturfunde  bei  OrthopU-rcn.  [Verh.  VII  tnternat.  Kongr 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

Ent.  Berlin]  2:  685-688,  ill.  Eggers,  F—  Zur  biologischen 
Bedeutung-  der  Flugelfarbung  tagfliegender  Lepidopteren 
(Filmvorfuhrung).  [Verb.  VII  Internet.  Kongr.  Ent.  Ber- 
lin] 2:  689-693.  Phyletische  Korrelation  bei  der  Flugel- 
reduktion  von  Lepidopteren.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  694-711.  Fahlander,  K.— Die  segmental- 
organe  der  Diplopoda,  Symphyla  und  Insecta  Apterygota. 
[Zool.  Bidrag  Uppsala]  18:  243-251,  ill.  Ferris,  G.  F.- 
The  myth  of  the  thoracic  sternites  of  insects.  [Microent.] 
5:  87-90.  Gilmour,  D. — The  anaerobic  gaseous  metabolism 
of  the  roach,  Cryptocercus  punctulatus.  [92]  79:  297-308. 
Gunther,  K. — Beitrag  zur  Kenntnis  der  Fortpflanzungs- 
biologie  der  Stabheuschrecke  Orxines  macloffi  (Orth. 
Phasmid.).  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
1156-1169,  ill.  Heikertinger,  F. — Uber  den  derzeitigen 
Stand  der  Mimikryfrage  und  der  Tiertrachtfragen  im 
allgemeinen.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
712-739.  Herter,  K. — Uber  den  Temperatursinn  der  In- 
sekten  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  740- 
759,  ill.  Hilton,  W.  A. — Nervous  system  and  sense  organs : 
LXXXIIL— Hymenoptera.  [13]  32:  41-56,  ill.  Hoskins, 
W.  M. — Recent  contributions  of  insect  physiology  to  insect 
toxicology  and  control.  [Hilgardia]  13:  307-386.  Karda- 
koff,  N.  I. — Geschlechts-Witterung  im  Raupen  Stadium  bei 
Depressaria  sp.  (Lep.).  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  1172-1180.  Koch,  A. — Uber  den  gegenwartigen 
Stand  der  experimentellen  Symbioseforschung.  [Verh.  VII 
Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  760-771,  ill.  Krause,  G. — 
Neue  Erkenntnisse  uber  die  verschiedenen  Eitypen  der  In- 
sekten  und  ihre  Bedeutung  fur  Entwicklungsphysiologie 
und  Systematik.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
2:  772-779,  ill.  Kuhn,  A. — Zur  Entwicklungsphysiologie 
der  Schmetterlingsmetamorphose.  [Verh.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  780-796,  ill.  Kuhnelt,  W.— Beitrage 
zur  Kenntnis  des  Wasserhaushaltes  der  Insekten.  [Verh. 
VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  797-807.  Lederer,  E. 
— Les  pigments  des  invertebraes  (a  1'exception  des  pig- 
ments respiratoires).  [Biol.  Revs.]  15:  273-306,  ill.  Lederer, 
G. — Zur  Fortpflanzungsbiologie  (Paarung)  der  Gonepterix- 
Arten  (Lep.).  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
808-813,  ill.  Long,  M.  E. — Study  of  the  nuclear  and  cyto- 
plasmic  relationship  in  Scyllina  cyanipes  (Orth.).  [J. 
Morph.]  67:  567-607,  ill.  Ludtke,  H.— Funktionelle  Bedeu- 
tung der  Differenzierungen  im  Auge  des  Ruckenschwim- 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  23 

mers  Notonecta  glauca.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  814-824,  ill.  Luers,  H. — Zur  vergleichenden 
Genetik  der  Drosophila-Arten.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  987-1000,  ill.  Mahdihassan,  S  —  Sexual 
dimorphism  among  lac  insects.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1232-1240,  ill.  Marchal,  P.— Les  modifica- 
tions rythmiques  du  cycle  annuel  d'un  parasite  (Tricho- 
gramma)  suivant  1'hote  dans  lequel  il  se  developpe.  [Verb. 
VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  825-826.  de  Mello,  F. 
-Nachweis  der  Bildung  a+-Wirkstoff  durch  die  Haut  und 
den  Fettkorpcr  bei  Epheslia  kubniella.  [97]  60:  174-179. 
Merker,  E. — Chitin  als  Lichtschutz.  [Verb.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  827-845,  ill.  Michalk,  O.— Uber 
Farbungswandlungen  einiger  Heteropteren  Eurydema  orna- 
tum  und  E.  oleraceum.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  1243-1276,  ill.  Millot,  J.— L'appareil  genital  des 
Pedipalpes.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
846-865,  ill.  Misra,  A.  B. — The  differentiation  and  develop- 
ment of  the  male  reproductive  system  in  Drosichiella 
(Monophlebus)  quadricaudata,  with  remarks  on  copulation 
between  the  two  sexes.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  866-871,  ill.  The  structure  and  secretion  of  the 
ovisac  by  the  female  of  Drosichiella  (Monophlebus)  quad- 
ricaudata. [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  872- 
876,  ill.  Muller,  H.  J. — Die  intrazellulare  Symbiose  bei 
Cixius  nervosus  und  Fulgora  europaea  (Homopt.  Cicadina) 
als  Beispiele  polysymbionter  Zyklen.  [Verb.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  877-894,  ill.  Omori,  N.— Experi- 
mental studies  on  the  cohabitation  and  crossing  of  two 
spp.  of  bed-bug,  Cimex  lectularius  and  C.  hemipterus  (Pre- 
liminary report).  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
2:  895-915,  ill.  Pratt,  H.  D. — Studies  in  the  Ichneumonidae 
of  New  England,  Pt.  1.  [6]  48:  155-193,  ill.  D'Rozario,  A. 
M. — On  the  mechanism  of  copulation  in  Xeniatus  rilu-sii 
(Tenthred.,  Hymen.).  [107]  A,  15:  69-77,  ill.  Ryberg,  O. 
— Beitrage  zur  Kenntnis  der  Fortpflanzungsbiologie  und 
metamorphose  der  Fledermausfliegen  Nycteribiidae  (Dipt. 
Pupipara).  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
1285-1299,  ill.  Schwartz,  V. — Priifung  der  wirkung  der 
mutation  dec  bei  Ptychopoda  durch  augentransplantationen. 
[Die  Naturwissensch.]  28:  399-400,  ill.  Schwartz,  W.- 
Die  physiologischen  Grundlagen  der  Symbiosen  von  Tieren 
mit  Pilzen  und  Bakterien.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  916-926,  ill.  Seidel,  Bock  &  Krause.— Die  organ- 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

isation  des  insekteneies.  [Die  Naturwissensch.]  28:  433- 
446,  ill.  Slifer,  K.  H. — The  internal  genitalia  of  female 
Ommexechinae  and  Cyrtacanthracridinae  (Orth:  Acridid.). 
[J.  MorphJ  67:  199-239,  ill.  Smit  &  Reyneke.— Do  nymphs 
of  Acrididae  stridulate?  [J.  Ent.  Soc.  So.  Afr.]  3:  72-75. 
Steiniger,  F. — Die  okologische  Bedeutung  der  Augenilecke 
bei  Insekten.  [Verh.  VII  Internal.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
1340-1346,  ill.  Von  Studnitz  &  Brenner. — Zur  Physiologic 
der  Muskelquerstreifung.  [Verh.  VII  Internal  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  927-932.  Suster,  P.  M— Fuhler— und  Bein- 
regeneration  nach  Ganglienexstirpation  bei  der  aegypti- 
schen  Gottesanbeterin  (Sphodromantis  bioculata)  und'  der 
ostindischen  Stabheuschrecke  Dixippus  (Carausictis)  mor- 
osus.  [Verh.  VII  Internal.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  933-937, 
ill.  Szekessy,  W. — Der  Hautsaum  der  Staphyliniden  tmd 
seine  Funktion.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
2:  938-944,  ill.  Timofeeff-Rissovsky,  N.  W.— Zur  Analyse 
des  Polymorphisms  bei  Adalia  bipunctata.  [97]  60:  130- 
137,  ill.  Ulrich,  H. — Untersuchungen  uber  Morphologic 
und  Physiologic  des  Generationswechsels  von  Oligarces 
paradoxus,  eine  Cecidomyide  mit  lebendgebarenden  Larven. 
[Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  955-974,  ill. 
Weber,  H. — Uber  ein  neues  Organ  im  Kopf  der  Elefanten- 
laus  Haematomyzus  elephantis.  [Verh.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  975-979,  ill.  Weiss,  H.  B.— The 
death-feint  of  Trox  unistriatus.  [6]  48:  303-304.  Whiting, 
A.  R. — Do  Habrobracon  females  sting  their  eggs.  [90]  74: 
468-471.  Williams,  J.  L. — The  anatomy  of  the  internal 
genitalia  and  the  mating  behaviour  of  some  Lasiocampid 
moths.  [J.  Morph.]  67:  411-437,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Barbieri,  N.  A.— 

Les  mouches  communes  vehicules  de  cochenilles  rouges  et 
d'Acariens  ou  Le  parasitisme  chitinique.  [Verh.  VII  In- 
ternat. Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1024-1031.  Bryant  & 
Archer. — Notes  on  Epeira  pentagona.  [5]  47:  60-65.  ill. 
Chamberlin,  R.  V. — On  some  Chilopods  from  Barro  Col- 
orado Island.  [5]  47:  66-74,  (K*).  Fahlander,  K.— See 
under  Anatomy.  Keifer,  H,  H. — Eriophyid  Stidies  IX. 
[Bull.  Dept.  Agr.  St.  Cal.]  29:  112-117,  ill.  (*).  Lavoi- 
pierre,  M.  M.  J. — Hemitarsonemus  latus  (Acarina)  a  mite 
of  economic  importance  new  to  South  Africa.  [J.  Ent.  Soc. 
So.  Afr.]  3:  116-123,  ill.  Schmidt,  F.  L. — Entonyssus  vitz- 
thumi  (Acarina),  a  new  Ophidian  lung  mite.  [lour.  Para- 
sit.]  26:  309-313,  ill.  Tragardh,  I.— The  system  of  Meso- 


lii,'41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NF.\VS  25 

stigmata  in  the  light  of  comparative  morphology.    [Verh. 
VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  955-954,  ill.  (k). 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Bogoescu, 
C. — Biologische  Beobachtungen  an  Ephemeropteren. 
[Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1032-1043,  ill. 
Ferguson,  A. — A  preliminary  list  of  the  Odonata  of  Dallas 
Co.,  Texas.  [Field  &  Lab.]  8:  1-10,  ill.  Hanson,  J.  F.— De- 
scriptions of  new  North  American  Plecoptera  [10]  42:  147- 
150,  ill.  Hood,  J.  D. — Two  new  Heliothripinae  (Thysan- 
optera)  from  the  Transvaal.  [J.  Ent.  Soc.  So.  Afr.]  3:  35-41, 
ill.  The  cause  and  significance  of  macropterism  and  bra- 
chypterism  in  certain  Thysanoptera,  with  description  of  a 
new  Mexican  sp.  [An.  Escu.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.]  1:  497-505, 
ill.  A  new  Teuchothrips  (Thysanoptera)  from  Mexico. 
[An.  Escu.  Nac.  Cienc.  Biol.]  1:  507-512,  ill.  Organo- 
thrips  bianchii,  a  new  Hawaiian  thrips  from  taro.  [37]  10: 
423-427,  ill.  Kimmins,  D.  E. — N.  genn.  and  spp.  of  Hem- 
erobiidae.  [75]  6:  222-236,  ill.  (S).  La  Rivers,  I.— Some 
dragonfly  notes  from  northern  Nevada.  [13]  32:  61-68,  ill. 
Lincoln,  E. — Growth  in  Aeshna  tuberculifera.  [Pro.  Amer. 
Philosoph.  Soc.]  83:  589-605,  ill.  Ogloblin,  A.  A.— The 
Strepsiptera  parasites  of  Ants.  [Verh.  VII  Internat.  Kongr. 
Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1277-1284,  ill.  Wagner,  J.— Beitrag  zur 
kenntnis  der  flohe  von  Brit.-Kolumbien.  [Zeit.  fur  Parasi- 
tenkde.  11:  463-467,  ill.  (*).  Zimmerman,  E.  C. — Studies 
of  Hawaiian  Neuroptera  [37]  10:  487-510,  ill.  (k*). 

ORTHOPTERA. — Ander,  K. — Systematische  Einteilung 
und  Phylogenie  der  Ensiferen  (Saltatoria)  auf  Grund  von 
vergleichend-anatomischen  Untersuchungen.  [Verh.  VII 
Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  621-627.  Faure,  J.  C.- 
Maternal  care  displayed  by  Mantids  [J.  Ent.  Soc.  So.  Afr.] 
3:  139-150,  ill.  Knutson,  H.— A  key  to  the  Acrididae  of 
northeastern  Texas  with  ecological  notes.  [Field  &  Lab.] 
8:  33-58,  ill.  Kohler,  P. — Die  biologischen  Grundlagen  fur 
eine  mogliche  Losung  des  Problems  der  argentinischen 
Wanderheuschrecke.  [Verh.  VII  Internat,  Kongr.  Ent. 
Berlin]  2:  1181-1212,  ill.  Slifer,  E.  H.— See  under  Ana- 
tomy. Smit  &  Reyneke. — See  under  Anatomy.  Urquhart, 
F.  A. — Notes  on  the  Ontario  species  of  Scuddcria.  [Can. 
Field  Nat.]  54:  102-104,  ill.  (k).  Further  notes  on  the 
sand  cricket,  Tridactylus  apicalis.  [Can.  Field  Nat.]  54:  106. 
Uvarov,  B.  P. — Eleven  new  names  in  Orthoptera.  [75]  6: 
377-380. 


26  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

HEMIPTERA. — Ball  &  Beamer.— A  revision  of  the  gen. 
Athysanella  and  some  related  genn.  (Cicadell.).  [Univ. 
Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  26:  5-82,  ill.  (k*).  Caldwell,  J.  S.— -N, 
genn.  and  spp.  of  jumping  plant-lice  from  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  with  descriptions  of  several  immature  stages 
(Psyllid.)  [37]  10:  389-397,  ill.  (k).  Doering,  K.— A  con- 
tribution to  the  Taxonomy  of  the  subfam.  Issinae  in 
America  north  of  Mexico  (Fulgorid.).  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci. 
Bull.]  26:  83-167,  ill.  (k*).  Funkhouser,  W.  D  —  New 
Peruvian  Membracidae.  [6]  48:  275-293,  ill.  Hungerford, 
H.  B. — Results  of  the  Oxford  University  Cayman  Islands 
Biological  Expedition  of  1938  (Aquatic  Hemiptera).  [8] 
76:  255-256.  Lindsay,  D.  R—  The  gen.  Norvellina  (Cica- 
dell.). [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  26:  169-213,  ill.  (k*), 
Sugden,  J.  W. — Characteristics  of  certain  western  Cicadas. 
[6]  48:  117-125.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— N.  spp.  of  Hemiptera 
collected  by  the  Templeton  Crocker  Expedition  to  the 
Solomon  Islands  in  1933.  [55]  16:  178-192.  Wheeler,  N.  H. 
— The  North  American  empoascan  leafhoppers  of  the  albo- 
neura  group  (Cicadellid)  [91]  30:  478-483.  (k*). 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Bell,  E.  L.— Some  synonymy  in  Neo- 
tropical Hesperiidae.  [6]  48:  116.  Borner,  C.— Die  Grund- 
lagen  meines  Lepidopterensystems.  [Verh.  VII  Internat. 
Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1372-1424,  ill.  Braun,  A.  F.— Aster 
and  goldenrod  seed-feeding  spp.  of  Coleophora.  [4]  72:  178, 
182,  ill.  (*).  Breland,  O.  P.— Some  parasites  and  hyper- 
parasites  of  the  Cecropia  moth.  [6]  48:  259-264.  Clarke, 
j  F.  G.  —  United  States  records  of  tropical  American 
Lepidoptera.  [10]  42:  155-156.  Dos  Passes,  C.  F.— On  the 
occurrence  of  Papilio  polydamas  L.  within  the  U.  S.  [4] 
72:  188.  Eggers,  F. — See  under  Anatomy.  Field,  W.  D. 

A  distributional  note  on  Achalarus  lyciades  (Hesperiid). 

[103]  13:  114.  A  distributional  note  on  Heterochroa 
bredowii  (Nymphalid).  [103]  13:  123.  A  note  on  Argynnis 
krautwurmii  (Nymphalid).  [103]  13:  129.  Fox,  R.  M.- 
A  generic  review  of  the  Ithomiinae  (Nymphalid).  [1]  66: 
161-207,  ill.  (k*).  Grimshawe,  F.  M. — Place  of  Sorrow. 
[Nat.  Mag.]  33:  565-567,  611.,  ill.  Hayward,  K.  J.— Migra- 
tion of  Colias  lesbia  (Pierid.)  in  the  Argentine  in  1940. 
[9]  73:  222-224.  Hesperoidea  Argentina  XII.  [106]  130: 
70-88,  ill.  (*)•  Martorell,  L.  F. — Notes  on  the  biology  of 
Meso'condyla  concordalis  and  its  parasites.  [The  Caribbean 
Forester]  2:1  18-19,  ill.  (s).  Sanford,  L.  J.— A  new  record 
for  Connecticut.  [6]  48:  244.  Atrytone  logan.  [6]  48:  258. 


Hi,  '41 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  27 

Swezey,  O.  H. — N.  spp.  of  Hawaiian  Lepidoptera.  [37]  10: 
461-465  (k).    Williams,  J.  L. — See  under  Anatomy. 

DIPTERA.— Aitken,  T.  H.  G—  Notes  on  Aedes  nigro- 
maculatus,  A.  increpitus,  and  Culex  territans  in  California 
(Culicidae).  [10]  42:  142-147,  ill.  Alexander,  C.  P.- 
Records  and  descriptions  of  Neotropical  craneflies,  XI.  [6] 
48:  105-116.  New  or  little  known  Tipulidae,  LVIII :  Neo- 
tropical spp.  [75]  194-222,  ill.  Barbieri,  N.  A. — See  under 
Arachnida.  Breland,  O.  P. — See  under  Lepidoptera.  Bruch 
&  Blanchard. — Observaciones  biologicas  sobre  Strobelia 
baccharidis  (Trypetid.)  y  descripcion  de  dos  Himenopteros 
(Chalcid.).  [Rev.  Mus.  de  La  Plata]  2:  85-98,  ill.  (*s). 
Cumley,  R.  W. — See  under  Anatomy.  Curran,  C.  H. — • 
Some  new  Neotropical  Syrphidae.  [40]  no.  1086:  14  pp., 
(k).  Edwards,  F.  W. — Redefinitions  and  synonymy  of 
some  genera  of  amber  fungus-gnats  (Mycetophil.)  [107] 
B,  9:  120-126.  Greene,  C.  T.— Two  n.  'spp.  of  the  gen. 
Hermetia  (Stratiomyiid.).  [10]  42:  150-155,  ill.  (S).  Hal- 
lock,  H.  C. — The  Sarcophaginae  and  their  relatives  in  New 
York.  [6]  48:  127-153;  201-231,  ill.  (k).  Hardy,  D.  E.— 
Dorylaidae  notes  and  descriptions  (Pipunculid).  [103]  13: 
101-114,  ill.  (*).  Hull,  F.  M.— Some  n.  spp.  of  Syrphidae. 
[91]  30:  432-434,  (S).  Malloch,  J.  R.— The  North  Ameri- 
can genera  of  the  Dipterous  subfam.  Chamaemyiinae.  [75] 
6:  265-274,  (k*).  Marterell,  L.  F.— (see  under  Lepidop- 
tera). Melander,  A.  L. — Hilara  granditarsis  (Empid.),  a 
balloon-maker.  [5]  47:  55-56.  Ryberg,  O. — See  under 
Anatomy.  Sabrosky,  C.  W. — Twelve  new  North  American 
spp.  of  Oscinella  (Chloropid.).  [4]  72:  214-230,  ill.  (k). 
Zumpt,  F. — Das  System  der  Stomoxydinae.  Ein  Beitrag 
zu  schwebenden  Fragen  der  Taxonomie;  2. — Vorstudie  zu 
einer  monographischen  Bearbeitung  der  Stomoxydinae. 
[Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  3:  1723-1733, 
(k). 

COLEOPTERA.— Blaisdell,  F.  E.— A  n.  sp.  of  Listrus 
from  Cajon  Pass,  California  (Melyrid.).  [4]  72:  212-213. 
Brown,  W.  J. — Some  new  and  poorly  known  spp.  of  Cole- 
optera.  [4]  72:  182-187,  ill.  (k).  On  the  identity  of  Macro- 
basis  unicolor  and  some  allied  spp.  (Meloid.).  [4]  72:  230- 
232,  (k).  Fiedler,  C. — Die  sudamerikanischen  arten  der 
gattung  Acalles  (Cure.  Cryptorhynchid.).  [Mitt.  Munchner 
Ent.  Gesell.]  30:  642-667,  "ill.  (k*).  Grensted,  L.  W.— Cis- 
sidae,  Cisidae,  Cioidae  or  Ciidae?  [8]  76:  145-146.  Hatch,  M. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

H. — Observations  on  Silphinae  with  a  note  on  intraspecific 
variations  and  their  designation.  [6]  48:  233-244.  Hender- 
son, L.  S. — A  revision  of  the  gen.  Listronotus  (Curculio.). 
LJniv.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  26:  215-337,  ill.  (k*).  Hinton, 
H.  E. — A  monograph  of  Gyrelmis  gen.  n.,  with  a  study  of 
the  variation  of  the  internal  anatomy  (Elmidae).  [36]  90: 
375-409,  ill.  (Sk*).  A  synopsis  of  the  gen.  Elmoparnus 
(Dryop.).  [9]  73:  183-189,  ill.  (S).  A  synopsis  of  the 
Bolivian  species  of  Cylloepus  (Elmidae).  [75]  6:  393-409, 
ill.  (*).  Hoffman,  C.  E. — Limnological  relationships  of 
some  northern  Michigan  Donaciini  (Chrysomel.).  [Trans. 
Amer.  Micro.  Soc.]  59:  259-274,  ill.  Mank,  E.  W.— A  n. 
sp.  of  Haliplus.  [5]  47:  57-59,  ill.  Marshall,  G.  A.  K.- 
Two  new  West  Indian  Curculionidae.  [8]  76:  175-177. 
Saylor,  L.  W. — Revision  of  the  Scarabaeid  beetles  of  the 
Phyllophagan  subgen.  Lislrochelus  of  the  U.  S.,  with  dis- 
cussion of  related  stibgenn.  [50]  89:  59-130,  ill.  (k*). 
Schedl,  K.  E. — Zur  einteilung  und  synonymic  der  Cryphal- 
inae  (Scolyt.).  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Gesell.]  30:  583-591, 
ill.  Swezey,  O.  H. — Micromalthus  debilis  in  Hawaii.  [37] 
10:  459.  Thery,  A.— Bupresti  des  nouveaux.  [75]  6:160- 
169,  ill.  (S).  Y.  T. — Dos  nuevos  buprestidos  del  Peru. 
[Flora  y  Fauna  Peru.]  1 :  18-19.  Zimmerman,  E.  C. — On 
the  genera  of  Anobiidae  and  Ptinidae  found  in  Hawaii. 
[37]  10:  467-470  (k).  Revision  of  the  Hawaiian  Allecu- 
lidae.  [37]  10:  471-476  (k*).  A  new  lowland  Neoclytarlus 
from  Oahu  (Cerambyc.).  [37]  10:  479-481.  A  new  Pro- 
terhinus  from  the  Waianae  Mis.,  Hawaii  (Aglycyderid.). 
[37]  10:  483-485,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Blanchard,  E.  E.— Apuntes  sobre 
Encirtidos  Argentines.  [106]  130:  106-128,  ill.  (k*). 
Bradley,  J.  C. — Otras  consideraciones  sobre  las  especies 
americanas  de  Campsomeris  (Scoliidae)  de  coloracion  abso- 
lutamente  negra.  [106]  130:  3-12  (S*).  Breland,  O.  P.- 
See  under  Lepidoptera.  Bruch  &  Blanchard. — See  under 
Diptera.  Cushman,  R.  A. — A  n.  sp.  of  Lissonota  (Ichneu- 
mon.). [10]  42:  156-158.  Francke-Grosman,  H. — Beitrage 
zur  Kenntnis  der  Beziehungen  unserer  Holzwespen  zu 
Pilzen.  [Verh.  VII  Internal.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2:  1120- 
1137,  ill.  Gosswald,  K. — Uber  den  Sozialparasitismus  der 
Ameisen.  [Verh.  VII  Internal.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
1149-1155.  Hubrich  &  Bruch. — Aus  der  Biologic  argentin- 
ischer  Ameisen.  [Verh.  VII  Internal.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
2:  1170-1171.  Martorell,  L.  F.—  (see  under  Lepidoplera). 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  29 

Ogloblin,  A.  A. — See  tinder  Small  Orders.  D'Rozario,  A. 
M. — See  under  Anatomy.  Schwarz,  H.  F. — Additional 
species  and  records  of  stingless  bees  (Meliponidae)  from 
British  Guiana  based  on  specimens  collected  by  the  Terry- 
Holden  Expedition.  [40]  no.  1078:  12  pp.,  ill.  (K*). 
Skwarra,  E. — Sicdler  und  Siedlungsbedingungen  auf 
Ameisenpflanzen.  |  Verb.  VII  Internal.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin] 
2:  1331-1339,  ill.  Smith,  M.  R.— The  identity  of  the  ant 
Camponotus  (Myrmentoma)  caryae  (Fitch).  [10]  42:  137- 
141,  ill.  Walley,  G.  S. — A  revision  of  the  Ichneumon-flies 
of  the  gen.  Campoplegidea  occurring  in  America  north  of 
Mexico.  [Scientific,  Agriculture]  (20)  12:  647-734,  ill.  (k*). 
Weber,  N.  A. — Rare  Ponerine  genera  in  Panama  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana  (Formicid.).  [5]  47:  75-84,  ill.  (*).  Weyrauch, 
W. — Die  allgemeinen  Prinzipien  der  Zusammenarbeit  bei 
sozialen  Insekten,  nach  Festellungen  an  Vespa  und  Doli- 
chovespula.  [Verb.  VII  Internat.  Kongr.  Ent.  Berlin]  2: 
980-984. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Vegetation  type  maps  of  Cali- 
fornia and  western  Nevada.  By  A.  E.  Wieslander.  Univ. 
of  Calif.  Press,  Berkeley,  California.  1932. 


OBITUARY 

The  Philadelphia  Inquirer  for  October  10,  1940,  carried  a 
dispatch  from  Bedford  Hills,  New  York,  of  the  preceding  day, 
that  Miss  KATHERINE  MAYO,  best  known  for  her  book  "Mother 
India,"  1927,  died  at  her  home  that  day  after  a  long  illness,  at 
the  age  of  72.  She  was  born  in  Ridgeway,  Pennsylvania. 

Miss  Mayo  spent  five  years  in  Surinam  extending  into  1906. 
Among  the  letters  which  Dr.  Henry  Skinner  left  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  are  some  from 
Miss  Mayo  and  her  sister,  Miss  Gertrude  Mayo,  of  the  years 
1906  and  1907,  referring  to  insects  which  she  sent  for  the 
Academy.  In  her  letter  from  Paramaribo  of  May  22,  1906, 
she  mentions  that  she  had  sent  ten  boxes  by  consecutive  mails 
since  March  29;  "All  the  insects  in  these  boxes  have  been 
caught  here  in  Paramaribo  or  in  the  brush  of  the  immediate 
outskirts."  After  her  return  to  the  United  States,  she  placed 
an  advertisement  in  the  Veivs  for  June  and  July,  r«>7  Suri- 
nam insects  for  sale — Apply  to  Katherine  Mavo,  Frank  ford 


30  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,  '41 

Arsenal,  Philadelphia,  Pa."  It  was  of  this  that  she  wrote  from 
Locust,  New  Jersey,  August  22,  "I  have  as  many  answers,  now, 
as  I  have  insects  for;  so  it  may  be  as  well  to  discontinue  the 
advertisement."  Previously,  on  July  6,  1907,  she  wrote  of  a 
visit  to  the  Academy  which  "makes  me  wonder  if  by  any  chance 
there  might  be  a  place  in  the  Academy  that  I  could  apply  for." 
Dr.  Skinner's  reply,  not  at  hand,  brought  the  letter  of  August 
22 :  "I  should  have  liked  working  at  the  Academy,  but  as  you 
say  and  show,  the  conditions  are  not  exactly  practical." — P.  P. 
CALVERT. 


We  regret  to  notice  in  recent  numbers  of  Science  announce- 
ments of  the  deaths  of  the  following  biologists  interested  in 
entomology  : 

Dr.  OTTO  EMIL  PLATH,  professor  of  biology  at  Boston  Uni- 
versity, on  November  5,  1940,  in  his  fifty-sixth  year.  His 
papers  and  book  on  the  biology  of  bumble  bees  are  well  known. 

Miss  GRACE  ADELBERT  SANDHOUSE,  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine,  specialist  in  identification 
of  bees  and  wasps,  on  November  9,  1940,  aged  forty-four  years. 
Her  memoir  on  the  North  American  Bees  of  the  genus  Osmia 
was  reviewed  in  the  News  just  a  year  ago. 

Dr.  JOHN  PATTILLO  TURNER,  assistant  professor  of  zoology 
at  the  University  of  Minnesota,  on  November  11,  1940,  in  his 
thirty-ninth  year.  A  paper  on  the  black  widow  spider  in  a 
Minnesota  winter  was  contributed  by  him  to  the  News  for 
December,  1939. 

Dr.  F.  W.  EDWARDS,  since  1937  deputy  keeper  of  entomology 
at  the  British  Museum  of  Natural  History,  on  November  15, 
1940,  at  the  age  of  ,forty_-sjx  years.  He  was  well-known  for 
his  work  on  the  Diptera,  especially  the  Nematocera,  and  was 
joint  leader  of  the  British  Museum  Ruwenzori  Expedition  of 
1934-35  to  the  high  mountains  of  British  East  Africa. 

Prof.  CHARLES  WILLIAM  WOODWORTH,  emeritus  professor 
of  entomology  at  the  University  of  California,  on  November 
19,  1940,  in  his  seventy-sixth  year.  An  obituary  notice  by 
E.  O.  Essig  is  in  Science  for  December  20,  1940.  He  had 
recently  been  elected  an  honorary  fellow  of  the  Entomological 

Society  of  America. 

—    <•»  — 

Entomological  News  for  December,  1940,  was  mailed  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Post  Office  on  December  20,  1940. 


This  column   is   intended   only   for  wants   and   exchanges,   not  lor 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
ongest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted.— Nitidulidae  for  determination  or  exchange.  Correspondence 
desired  with  those  who  will  collect.  H.  R.  Dodge,  78  Anne  Street, 
Ointonville,  Wisconsin. 

Wanted. — To  hear  from  specialists  who  would  care  to  determine 
some  family  of  insects  for  a  share  of  the  duplicates.  We  have  many 
specimens,  especially  in  some  families  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera. 
H.  E.  Jaques,  Iowa  Insect  Survey,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae),of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Casilla  852,  La  Paz,  Bolivia, 
S.  America. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  2230  McDowell  St.,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 


FOR  SALE    The  fine  Collection  of  C.  W.  Herr,  consisting  of 

1230  Tropical,  and  2950  North  American  Lepidoptera, 
all  expanded,  also  over   900   papered   American   specimens. 

All  specimens  named. 
MRS.  C.  W.  HERR,  Woodburn  Oregon. 


REVISTA  DE  ENTOMOLOGIA 

AN  INTERNATIONAL  REVIEW  OF  ENTOMOLOGY 

An  Illustrated  magazine  published  four  times  a  year  by  Thomaz 
Borgmeier,  O.F.M.,  devoted  to  entomology,  mainly  of  the  neotropical 
fauna. 

The  volumes  already  published  since  1931  comprise  thousands  of 
pages  and  contain  articles  by  leading  entomologists  such  as  F.  W. 
Edwards,  W.  Horn,  E.  Lindner,  J.  W.  S.  Macfie,  E.  Martini,  A.  da  Costa 
Lima,  F.  Silvestri,  C.  Menozzi,  A.  Reichensperger,  F.  Santschi,  J.  D. 
Hood,  etc.,  with  a  bibliography  of  the  current  literature  (economic  and 
non-economic)  of  the  neotropical  fauna. 

Annual  subscription  $4.00  U.  S.  ($5.00  U.  S.  through  booksellers). 
All  payments  are  in  advance.  The  back  volumes  are  still  on  sale;  price 
of  each  volume  $4.00  U.  S.;  through  booksellers  $5.00  U.  S. 

Subscriptions    should    be    sent    to    the     Editor: 

THOMAZ  BORGMEIER,  0.  F.  M., 
Convento  S.  Antonio,  Largo  da  Carioca,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


FEBRUARY,  1941 


Vol.  LII   &          N-  No.  2 

~        M:  W* 

_ 

CONTENTS 

Westfall,  Jr.  —  Notes  on  Florida  Odonata    ..............          31 

Pate  —  A  Synonymical  Note  on  Crabro  (Blepharipus)  davidsoni   Sand- 

house  (Hymenoptera,  Sphecidae:     Pemphilidini)  ........          34 

Cresson—  New  Genera  and    Species    of    North    American    Ephydridae 

(Diptera).    .    .    ......................          35 

Blake  —  Ants  Preying  on    Termites    (Hymen.:    Formicidae;    Isoptera: 

Rhinotermitidae)  ......................          38 

Jones  —  Futher  Notes  on  Snail-collecting  Aphis-lion  Larva  (Neuroptera: 

Chrysopidae)  .  .....        ....        ..........          39 

Fox—  A  New  Opisodasys  from  Idaho  (Siphonaptera:  Dolichopsyllidae)  .         45 
Abbott  —  Modification    of    the    Behavior    of   Dragonfly    Nymphs    with 

Excised  Labia  (Odonata)  ..................          47 

Freeman  —  A  New  Species  of  Amblyscirtes  from    Texas    (Lepidoptera, 

Rhopalocera,    Hesperiidae)  .................          50 

Hayes  —  A  Bibliography  of  Keys   for   the    Identification    of  Immature 

Insects.     Part  II.     Odonata.    .    .        ..............          52 

Current  Entomological  Literature  ..................          56 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  FEBRUARY,  1941 No  2. 

Notes  on  Florida  Odonata. 

By  M.  J.  WESTFALL,  JR.,  Baker  Museum,  Rollins  College, 
Winter  Park,  Florida. 
(Continued  from  page  18) 

TRAMEA  LACERATA.  While  at  Sanibel  from  December  27, 
1939,  to  January  1,  1940,  I  saw  two  mating  pairs  and  one 
single  male  of  T.  laccrata.  The  single  specimen  remained 
around  the  camp  for  two  days  and  could  have  been  collected 
if  the  sling  shot  had  not  broken.  After  having  collected  this 
species  during  the  summer  in  North  Carolina,  there  was  no 
difficulty  in  identifying  it  in  the  field,  as  the  general  black 
coloration  is  very  distinct. 

ARGIA  BIPUNCTULATA.  This  species  had  been  very  un- 
common in  our  collection  until  the  Spring  of  1939.  During 
the  previous  Spring  I  found  a  few  at  a  roadside  ditch  in 
Orange  County  and  collected  17  specimens  on  April  24,  1938. 
On  May  13,  1939,  over  a  hundred  specimens,  both  male  and 
female,  were  taken  in  a  marshy  area  surrounding  a  very  small 
pond  which  was  nearly  dry  and  not  more  than  fifty  feet  across. 
Later  many  more  were  seen  in  the  same  place.  In  another 
similar  locality  about  ten  miles  distant  they  were  also  found 
on  May  14,  but  only  a  few  were  seen.  Spaghnum  moss  seemed 
to  be  characteristic  of  the  localities  where  this  species  occurred. 

ARGIA  TIBIALIS.  In  central  Florida  this  damselfly  has  been 
very  rare  in  our  experience.  We  have  collected  only  one  male 
in  this  vicinity,  this  being  taken  April  4,  1937,  in  Seminole 
County.  In  Nassau  County,  however,  it  was  one  of  the  com- 
monest of  the  Zygoptera  in  the  summer  of  1939,  being  common 
everywhere  I  collected. 

ENALLAGMA  DURUM.  On  the  flood  plains  of  the  St.  John's 
River  many  of  these  large  Enallagmas  have  been  collected.  For 
this  part  of  the  state,  this  is  our  only  locality  record  except  for 
a  single  male  which  I  collected  on  a  lake  in  Winter  Park.  In 
May,  1939,  I  visited  the  above  mentioned  plains  and  found  £. 

31 


FEB24 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

durum  very  common  on  a  large  Indian  mound.  There  was  a 
strong  breeze  blowing  and  they  were  found  around  thorn 
bushes  which  grew  on  the  mound,  and  stayed  on  the  side  away 
from  the  wind.  By  going  from  one  thorn  bush  to  another 
more  than  a  hundred  of  these  Enallagmas  were  collected  in  a 
short  time,  one  swing  of  the  net  catching  three  of  them  on 
several  occasions. 

E.  LAURENTI.  In  the  late  afternoon  of  November  15,  1939, 
a  friend  and  I  collected  E.  laurenti  on  a  Winter  Park  lake 
from  a  canoe,  using  swatters  almost  entirely.  These  damsels 
were  so  common  on  the  lily  pads  that  four  times  as  I  struck  at 
one  another  appeared  so  that  two  were  taken  at  one  swat.  In 
a  little  over  an  hour  we  took  90  specimens,  all  but  one  of  which 
were  males. 

E.  SULCATUM.  A  number  of  collectors  have  been  quite  de- 
lighted to  receive  this  species  from  us.  Certainly  it  is  one  of 
our  commonest  Enallagmas  here,  since  in  an  afternoon  it  is 
no  task  to  collect  over  a  hundred  around  one  small  lake  while 
collecting  various  other  species. 

E.  POLLUTUM  and  SIGNATUM.  We  have  found  since  the 
paper  on  "Odonata  at  Winter  Park,  Florida,"  by  E.  M.  Davis 
and  J.  A.  Fluno  was  published  in  1938,  that  our  common  Enal- 
lagma  here  is  E.  pollutum.  Around  the  lakes  and  on  the 
Wekiwa  River  they  are  abundant  most  of  the  year.  Only 
about  five  specimens  of  signatum  have  been  taken  here.  In 
Nassau  County,  a  little  more  than  150  miles  north  of  us,  this 
situation  seems  to  be  reversed,  and  while  catching  several 
hundred  signatum  which  fairly  swarmed  over  the  water  at 
Boggy  Creek  and  elsewhere,  very  few  specimens  of  pollutum 
were  taken. 

E.  DUBIUM.  Also  in  Nassau  County  while  making  a  swoop 
for  an  E.  weewa,  a  male  of  E.  dubium  came  along  just  in  time 
to  be  caught  in  the  net.  On  June  7,  1940,  I  collected  three 
more  males  at  this  same  station.  On  September  11,  1940,  a 
number  of  males  were  collected,  as  well  as  four  mating  pairs. 
Females  were  found  just  emerging.  On  the  previous  day  I 
stopped  at  Satilla  Creek  in  Bacon  County,  Georgia,  where  I 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  33 

had  taken  a  pair  of  dubium  a  year  earlier.  At  about  9:30 
A.  M.,  I  began  searching  for  this  species.  About  an  hour  later 
the  males  began  to  appear,  but  were  not  collected.  Then  about 
noon  the  females  began  appearing,  and  the  pairs  in  tandem 
began  alighting  on  floating  vegetation  where  the  females  de- 
posited the  eggs.  Sixteen  pairs  were  quite  easily  taken.  The 
place  where  this  species  was  found  was  along  the  roadside 
ditch  into  which  Satilla  Creek  backs.  The  creek  is  bordered 
by  a  swampy  area  with  a  number  of  cypress  trees  in  sight. 
The  water  is  quite  deep  and  dark. 

E.  CONCISUM.  This  brilliant  red  and  black  damselfly  has 
been  uncommon  here  in  the  past,  but  was  collected  at  almost 
every  lake  visited  in  Central  Florida  during  the  Spring  and 
Fall  of  1939.  Certainly  it  was  far  from  being  uncommon, 
especially  at  the  lakes  with  dead  grass  extending  out  into  the 
water  for  some  distance.  They  seemed  to  like  to  stay  on  this 
grass  as  far  from  the  shore  as  possible,  so  that  one  usually 
waded  in  the  water  to  collect  them.  Some  were  also  collected 
in  Nassau  County. 

E.  WEEWA.  In  March,  1935,  one  male  of  this  species  was 
collected  on  the  Wekiwa  River  by  Mr.  E.  M.  Davis.  Then  I 
took  another  male  in  the  same  locality  in  May,  1939.  No  other 
specimens  were  taken  by  us  until  September  13,  1939,  when 
I  found  them  very  abundant  at  certain  points  in  Nassau  County. 
They  were  first  found  at  a  small  stream  about  five  miles  south 
of  the  Florida-Georgia  state  line.  Also  I  collected  them  at  a 
stream  on  the  Nassau-Duval  County  line.  Over  100  specimens, 
male  and  female,  were  taken  in  a  short  time.  Three  males 
were  also  collected  in  the  same  place  on  June  7,  1940.  The 
streams  where  E.  weewa  was  so  abundant  were  small,  flowing 
through  low  woods,  which  were  overflowed  by  high  water.  The 
bottom  was  sandy,  and  the  water  quite  dark,  forming  deep 
pools  in  some  places.  Over  these  pools  E.  weewa  hovered  as 
if  motionless,  then  moved  leisurely  up  and  down  the  extent 
of  the  pool,  hesitating  here  and  there  in  mid-air.  E.  cardcnium 
was  present  and  at  first  was  confused  with  weewa,  but  soon 
could  be  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  the  heavier  build  of  the 
body  and  different  flight.  I  believe  E.  weewa  may  be  more 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

common  on  the  Wekiwa  than  the  two  records  indicate,  but  that 
the  few  individuals  are  lost  in  the  host  of  cardenium. 

TELEALLAGMA  (ENALLAGMA)  DAECKII.  We  have  never 
taken  this  species  in  central  or  southern  Florida,  but  on  June 
7,  1940,  I  collected  nine  mating  pairs  in  Nassau  County.  They 
were  all  taken  at  one  station,  in  a  grassy  area  at  the  edge  of 
a  creek  which  was  almost  dry. 

ISCHNURA  KELLICOTTI.  With  a  swatter  this  species  is  taken 
in  large  numbers  on  the  local  lakes,  where  it  flies  from  one  lily 
pad  to  another  with  a  quick,  nervous  movement  unlike  that  of 
any  other  of  the  Zygoptera  with  which  I  am  familiar.  Almost 
every  lake  with  lily  pads  had  its  share  of  them  during  the 
Spring  and  Fall  of  1939,  males,  and'  both  homochromatic  and 
heterochromatic  females.  In  a  couple  hours  to  collect  a  hundred 
specimens  of  /.  keltic otti,  together  with  additional  specimens 
of  other  species,  was  not  a  difficult  task  with  a  swatter  at  one 
lake  where  I  collected. 


A  Synonymical  Note  on  Crabro   (Blepharipus)   davidsoni 
Sandhouse  (Hymenoptera,  Sphecidae:     Pemphilidini). 

During  a  recent  visit  to  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 
at  Cambridge,  Mr.  Nathan  Banks  called  my  attention  to  a 
species  he  described  in  1921  as  Blepharipus  parkeri  (Ann.  Ent. 
Soc.  Amer.,  XIV,  p.  17),  and  inquired  if  it  was  not  the  same 
as  that  which  Miss  Grace  A.  Sandhouse  named  Crabro  (Bleph- 
aripus} davidsoni  in  1938  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  XXXI,  p.  1). 
Comparison  of  the  type  of  Banks'  parkeri,  described  from  a 
series  of  females  taken  at  Lexington,  Massachusetts,  with 
material  of  Crabro  (Blepharipus}  davidsoni,  indicates  that  the 
two  are  indubitably  one  and  the  same  species.  Miss  Sand- 
house's  name  must  therefore  be  recorded  as  a  synonym  of 
Banks'  earlier  Blepharipus  parkeri.  Crossocerus  (Blephari- 
pus} parkeri  (Banks),  which  nests  in  old  stumps  and  rotting 
logs,  provisioning  its  galleries  therein  with  a  diverse  assort- 
ment of  leafhoppers,  is  a  rather  common  and  widely  distributed 
form  throughout  the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic,  and  North 
Central  states.  Davidson,  for  whom  Miss  Sandhouse  named  the 
species,  and  Landis  presented  an  excellent  account  of  its  biology 
in  1938  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  XXXI,  pp.  5-8).— V.  S.  L. 
PATE,  Cornell  University. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  35 

New  Genera  and  Species  of  North  American 
Ephydridae  (Diptera). 

By  EZRA  T.  CRESSON,  Jr.,  Associate  Curator,  Dept.  of  Insects, 

The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
Discocerina  flavipes  new  species. 

Whether  this  is  a  variety  or  subspecies  of  obscurella,  or  a 
distinct  species,  is  difficult  to  determine  at  present.  Its  simi- 
larity to  the  Neotropical  nitidiventris  Hendel,  the  narrow-cheek 
form  of  obscurella,  is  apparent,  differing  only,  it  seems,  in 
having  the  legs  entirely  yellow.  In  all  the  material  I  have  seen 
of  obscurella  from  North  America,  the  femora  are  dark  with 
at  most  their  apices  showing  some  dilution.  In  the  present 
form  the  legs,  including  the  coxae,  are  entirely  yellow,  although 
the  femora  may  show  some  infuscation  on  the  posterior  sur- 
faces. In  other  respects  the  characters  are  those  of  that  form 
of  obscurella  with  narrow  parafacies  and  cheeks. 

Very  similar  to  obscurella  but  the  legs  mostly  yellow;  para- 
facies very  narrow  and  conspicuously  pale  and  show  little  or 
no  dilatation  ventrad.  Tergite  V  of  the  male  seems  to  be  no 
more  shining  than  IV  and  is  sometimes  not  at  all  shining. 

Type. —  £  ;  Bakersfield,  CALIFORNIA,  September  4,  1898; 
[A.  N.  S.  P.,  no.  6607] l.  Paratypes  —  2  $  ,  1  9  ;  with  same 
data. 

HELAEOMYIA  new  genus. 

Genotype:  Psilopa  pctrolei  Coquillett,  2898. 

This  interesting  insect,  the  "Petroleum  fly,"  cannot  well  be 
retained  in  Psilopa.  nor  will  it  more  comfortably  go  in  Mima- 
psilopa  Cresson  nor  Clasiopella  Hendel. 

The  face  is  somewhat  gently  convex  and  bifoveate,  with  two 
rather  stout  facials  on  each  side,  occupying  the  lower  third  of 
facial  profile.     The  antennal  spine  is  short  and  the  third  seg- 
ment but  slightly  elongate  and  not  conoid. 
Helaeomyia  californica  new  species. 

Very  similar  to  the  European  Psilopa  nitidula  (Eallcn)  in 
the  color  pattern  of  the  legs,  but  the  strong  general  setation 
and  the  strong  second  facial,  places  it  near  Psilopa  dimidiata 
(Cresson),  another  member  of  the  genus. 

1  This  material  was  given  me  by  Dr.  C.  W.  Woodworth  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  in  1908. 


36  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

Fore  legs  entirely  black;  antennae  black  with  base  of  third 
segment  slightly  diluted.  Yellow:  apices  of  mid  and  hind 
femora,  entire  mid  and  hind  tibiae  and  their  tarsi  except  apices. 
Halteres  white.  Wing  slightly  dusky  with  some  veins  pale; 
posterior  crossvein  distinctly  clouded.  Shining,  without  any 
metallic  reflections. 

Setation  strongly  developed.  Head  broader  than  high;  dis- 
tinctly higher  than  long.  Fronto-facial  profile  rather  straight, 
oblique  from  anterior  ocellus  to  mid  face,  with  vertex  rounded ; 
Frons  about  .6  width  of  head,  twice  as  broad  as  long;  ©cellars 
about  as  far  apart  as  are  the  posterior  ocelli;  frontorbital 
aligned  with  frontal  and  well  removed  mesad.  Face  about  .3 
width  of  head,  scarcely  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  rather  strongly 
convex  but  not  gibbous  in  profile;  foveal  sulci  slightly  indi- 
cated ;  upper  facial  almost  at  mid  profile,  cruciate ;  second 
bristle  one-half  as  long ;  one  to  two  setae  ventrad.  Cheek  about 
as  broad  as  third  antennal  segment;  buccal  very  long.  An- 
tennal  spine  as  long  as  third  segment ;  arista  with  six  hairs. 

Mesonotal  setulae  rather  distinctly  seriated;  prescutellar  rec- 
tangle, quadrate.  Scutellum  flat.  Abdomen  elongate-ovate; 
tergite  V  of  male  not  longer  than  IV;  genital  segment  well 
developed. 

Fore  coxae  with  weak  lateral  marginal  setae;  fore  femur 
minutely  serrulated  on  antero-flexor  margin.  Vein  II  but 
slightly  curving  into  costa ;  second  costal  section  slightly  longer 
than  third. 

Length,  2  mm. 

Type. — Male;  Davis,  CALIFORNIA;  June  9,   1936;    (R.  M. 
Bohart;  sweeping  lawn  grass);    [A.   N.   S.   P.,   no.   6608]2. 
Paratypes. — 1  female ;  with  same  data.   1   9  ;  Eldridge,  Sonoma 
County,  California;  October  25,  1915;  (J.  A.  Kusche). 
MIMAPSILOPA  new  genus. 

Genotype:    Clasiopella  metatarsata  Cresson,  1939. 

Much  like  the  Indo-Malayan  Clasiopella  Hendel,  1914,  in 
the  form  of  the  antennae,  but  the  arrangement  of  the  facials 
simulates  that  of  Helaeomyia  Cresson  and  in  this  respect  ap- 
proaches Leptopsilopa. 

Strongly  setose  species  with  long  antannal  spine  and  conoid 
third  segment.  Face  distinctly  convex  medianly,  the  facials 
well  separated  and  occupying  the  lower  half  or  three-fifths  of 

2  This  type  was  placed  in  the  Collection  of  the  Academy  by  Dr.  A.  L. 
Melander, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  37 

the  facial  profile. 

Hydrellia  bergi  new  species. 

Very  similar  to  H.  subnitens  Cresson,  1931  in  possessing 
such  a  conspicuous  genital  segment,  but  it  has  the  legs  includ- 
ing the  tarsi,  entirely  black. 

Black,  including  antennae  and  tarsi;  palpi  and  genital  seg- 
ment, orange  or  yellow.  Halteres  lemon  yellow.  Wings  with 
black  veins. 

Frons  almost  opaque  black,  its  areas  but  slightly  differenti- 
ated. Face  sericeous,  yellow  to  golden;  lunule  more  whitish; 
cheeks  and  occiput  cinereous.  Mesonotum  including  humeri 
and  notopleura  and  scutellum,  black  with  very  sparse  gray  or 
brownish  vestitun  ,  almost  shining;  pleura  cinerous  especially 
ventrad  but  becon.ing  darker  dorsad  and  on  metanotum.  Ab- 
domen opaque  black,  becoming  more  shining  and  sparsely 
einerous  laterad  and  apicad;  ventral  lobes  cinereous.  Legs 
somewhat  cinereous 

Head  scarcely  broader  than  high.  Frons  strongly  transverse; 
ocellars  rather  weak.  Face  more  than  one-fourth  width  of 
head,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  evenly  convex  in  profile,  not 
definitely  carinate ;  facial  series  of  about  six  fine  bristles,  extend 
well  dorsad;  parafacies  linear  almost  to  postbucca.  Cheeks 
about  as  broad  as  third  antennal  segment.  Arista  with  about 
six  hairs. 

Mesonotal  bristles  and  setulae  rather  well  developed  and  the 
latter  not  numerous ;  antesutural  dorsocentral  about  as  strong 
as  postsutural  one  with  an  intermediate  seta,  and  a  second 
postsutural  dorsocentral  sometimes  well  developed.  Abdomen 
ovate;  tergites  III  to  V  of  male  long,  subequal  in  length,  the 
latter  trigonal;  genital  segment  large,  always  visible,  the  large 
pale  protegen  being  most  conspicuous. 

Legs  slender  with  rather  strong  setation.  Wings  elongate, 
with  costa  II  not  much  longer  than  III. 

Length,  2.2  mm. 

Type. — Male ;  Nigger  Creek,  Cheboygan  County,  MICHIGAN  ; 
June  27,  1940;  (C.  C.  Berg);  [U.  S.  N.  M.].    Paratytvs.- 
1    $  ;  1    9  ;  Douglas  Lake,  Cheboygan  Co.,  Michigan;  July  5, 
1940;    (C.   C.   Berg).      1    9  ;   Cheboygan  County,   Michigan, 
June  25,  1940;  (C.  C.  Berg). 
Hydrellia  johnsoni  new  species. 

Very  similar  to  H.  tibialis  Cresson,  1917,  but  entirely  opaque 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

to  subopaque.  The  frons  uniformly  opaque,  almost  velvety- 
black,  but  the  mesofrons  sometimes  slightly  differentiated  in 
extreme  dorsal  aspect.  Antennae  entirely  opaque  black.  Meso- 
notum,  scutellum  and  abdomen  concolorous,  almost  truly  opaque, 
with  tendency  to  gray  or  brownish;  pleura  more  cinereous,  as 
are  also  the  coxae.  Second  costal  section  slightly  longer  than 
third. 

Type. — Male;  New  Mill  Pond,  Mt.  Desert,  MAINE;  July  25, 
1935 ;  (William  Procter)  ;  [Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  no. 
6609]  .3  Paratypes. — 8  $  ,  6  9  ;  with  same  data. 


Ant3  Preying  on  Termites  (Hymen.:   Formicidae; 
Isoptera:  Rhinotermitidae), 

In  spite  of  the  ease  with  which  the  capture  of  swarming 
termites  by  ants  might,  supposedly,  be  observed,  there  seems 
to  be  only  one  record  extant  for  North  America  This  is  of  an 
unnamed  species  taken  in  Louisiana  by  Iridomyrmex  huntilis. 

This  spring  at  Lincoln,  Massachusetts,  I  was  able  to  observe 
the  following  six  ants  taking  alates  of  Reticulitermes  flavipes'. 
Crcmatogastcr  lineolata,  Aphaenogaster  fulva  acquia,  Lasius 
niger  alienus  var.  americanus,  Formica  rufa  Integra,  F.  neo- 
gagates,  and  F.  pallidefulva  nitidiventris.  This  is,  so  far,  the 
roll  of  termitharpactic  ants  in  North  America. 

Wheeler  (1936,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  Sci.,  71:  159-243) 
has  excellently  summarized  the  ecological  relations  of  ants  to 
termites.  On  pp.  178  and  179  he  distinguishes  five  relation- 
ships:  (1)  termitharpagy  or  predation,  (2)  cleptobiosis  or 
theft  of  termite  prey  from  termitharpactic  ants,  which  is  really 
an  ant  to  ant  relationship,  (3)  lestobiosis  or  theft  of  termite 
brood  by  ants,  (4)  plesiobiosis  or  utilization  of  termitaries  by 
ants,  (5)  termitoxeny  or  friendly  residence  in  the  termite- 
inhabited  part  of  the  termitary.  Termitharpagy  has  been  con- 
sidered and  cleptobiosis  is  not  yet  recorded  for  this,  continent. 
Wheeler  lists  four  North  American  termitolestic  ants.  His 
fourth  category  is  represented  in  North  America  by,  at  least, 
an  occasional  colony  of  Or emato garter  lineolata  and  probably 
of  Camponotus  castaneus  americanus.  Termitoxenic  ants  are 
not  known,  in  the  New  World. — CHARLES  H.  BLAKE,  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

'The  type  of  this  species  has  been  placed  in  the  Academy's  Collection 
by  Mr.  Procter. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  39 

Further  Notes  on  the  Snail-collecting  Aphis-lion 
Larva  (Neuroptera:  Chrysopidae). 

By  DAVID  T.  JONES,  M.S.,  Ph.D.,  Associate  Professor 
Zoology,   University  of   Utah. 

IDENTIFICATION,  DISTRIBUTION  AND  SNAILS  CARRIED. 

Recently  Dr.  Roger  C.  Smith  of  Kansas  State  College,  has 
examined  the  wing-venation  of  the  snail-collecting  aphis-lion, 
the  larva  of  which  has  been  previously  described  (Jones,  1929). 
He  has  tentatively  identified  it  as  Nodita  virginica  (Fitch). 
The  specimen  was  collected  two  miles  north  of  Bloomington, 
Indiana,  but  was  in  the  pupal  stage.  After  some  time  the 
adult  emerged  and  the  wings  were  mounted.  These  were  later 
photographed  by  Calvin  A.  Richins  of  the  University  of  Utah. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  I  am  indebted  to  the  following  for 
aid  in  the  study  of  this  species:  Prof.  H.  R.  Eggleston,  Dr. 
R.  G.  Guthrie,  Roy  Ash,  Ralph  Alexander,  and  Paul  Crone 
of  Marietta  College,  Ohio;  Adrienne  Satterfield  (now  Mrs. 
Huston  Newman)  of  West  Union,  Ohio;  Dr.  Fernandus  Payne 
and  Dr.  A.  C.  Kinsey  of  Indiana  University;  Dr.  Carl  J. 
Drake  and  Dr.  E.  R.  Becker  of  Iowa  State  College;  Dr.  R.  V. 
Chamberlin  and  Dr.  Don  M.  Rees  of  the  University  of  Utah; 
and  the  officials  of  the  Smithsonian  Division  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Historically,  the  first  mention  that  I  have  found  of  such  a 
snail-carrying  aphis-lion  larva  is  that  of  Banks  (1905)  who 
erroneously  placed  it  in  the  Hemerobiid,  rather  than  in  the 
Chrysopid  family,  as  Smith  (1926)  later  confirms.  No  locality 
record  was  given.  I  quote  this  first  mention  by  Banks.  "The 
larvae  of  Hemerobius  appear  to  be  much  less  known  than 
allied  forms;  I  have  not  bred  any,  but  a  larva  given  me  by 
Mr.  Schwarz  probably  belongs  to  this  genus;  it  has  a  broader 
head,  a  shorter  body  than  Chrysopa;  and  the  lateral  processes 
of  the  thorax  are  very  long;  this  specimen  was  taken  among 
fallen  leaves  and  carried  the  empty  shells  of  several  small 
molluscs."  Smith  (1926)  lists  no  snail-carrying  larvae  in  his 
very  fine  discussion  of  trash-carrying  Chrysopid  larvae.  The 
author  (1929)  described  the  external  features  of  the  larva  now 


40  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

under  consideration,  giving  two  localities:  Vinton  County, 
Ohio,  approximately  seven  miles  west  of  Albany,  which  is  about 
twelve  miles  east  of  McArthur;  and  Squaw  Hollow,  near 
Marietta,  Ohio.  The  numbers,  unreported  therein,  were  from 
these  localities  respectively:  five,  which  were  preserved;  and 
one,  which  escaped.  Subsequent  to  this  publication  one  more 
living  specimen  was  taken  at  Squaw  Hollow.  Observations 
have  recently  been  made  (Archer,  1938)  on  a  similar  Chry- 
sopid,  perhaps  not  the  same  species,  in  North  Carolina  and 
Alabama.  He  found  only  four  specimens,  one  from  each  of 
the  following  four  localities:  Hayesville,  North  Carolina; 
Robbinsville  Road  in  the  northwest  of  Macon  County,  North 
Carolina;  Clay,  Jefferson  County,  Alabama;  and  Fort  Payne, 
DeKalb  County,  Alabama.  Archer  reports  the  following 
species  of  snails  carried :  Retinella  indentata  paucilirata,  Reti- 
nella  indentata  carolinensis  wetherbyi,  Polygyra  rugeli  juve- 
niles, Hawaiia  minuscula,  Euconulus  sterkii,  Euconulus  chersi- 
nus,  and  Vertigo  gouldii.  Two  insect  crania  were  also  listed. 
As  this  paragraph  contains  all  the  literature  resulting  from  a 
search  of  over  ten  years,  it  is  evident  that  the  literature  is  as 
meager,  as  the  specimens  are  rare.* 

During  this  time,  however,  the  following  locality  records 
have  accumulated  for  this  species:  Athens  County,  Ohio, 
midway,  between  Torch  and  Coolville,  five  live  specimens  and 
two  dead  specimens ;  Meigs  County,  Ohio,  two  miles  northeast 
of  Rock  Springs,  near  Chester,  one  live  specimen;  Morgan 
County,  Ohio,  on  Turkey  Run,  one  mile  west  of  Stockport,  one 
pupal  case  with  snails  intact,  from  which  the  adult  insect  had 
emerged;  Adams  County,  Ohio,  at  Hill's  Fork  on  the  Pan- 
handle Road,  one  living  specimen;  and  Bloomington,  Indiana, 
two  live  specimens,  and  one  pupa  from  which  the  adult  emerged, 
the  wings  of  which  are  mentioned  above. 

The  snails  carried  on  the  Ohio  and  Indiana  specimens  are  of 
the  following  species  :  Punctum  pygmaeum  ( Drap. ) ,  Euconulus 

*  Since  this  paper  was  submitted,  Dr.  Roger  C.  Smith  has  called 
attention  to  my  overlooking  the  article  by  Gordon  K.  MacMillan. 
January,  1939,  A  snail,  "taxi."  Naut.  Vol.  52,  No.  3,  pp.  94-95.  He 
thinks  that  the  specimens  Mr.  MacMillan  has  are  "unquestionably 
Chrysopid"  rather  than  Hemerobiid. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  41 

fulvus  (Muller)  Striatura  milium  (Morse)  ;  Carychium  exi- 
guuin  (Say),  Strobilops  labyrinthica  (Say),  and  Cochlicopa 
lubrica  (Muller).  The  first  two  seem  to  be  favorites,  as  they  are 
chosen  far  more  often  than  the  proportion  in  which  these 
species  occur  in  the  natural  fauna.  Fragments  of  insect  skele- 
tons are  also  often  used. 

BEHAVIOR,  LOCOMOTION,  TROPISMS  AND  FEEDING. 

The  following  observations  on  behavior  chiefly  of  the  Athens 
County  specimens  are  submitted.  Animals  mechanically 
prodded  "play  possum",  recovering  in  from  ten  to  fifteen 
seconds  if  undisturbed.  In  walking  there  is  a  peculiar  "feel- 
ing" or  exploratory  movement  every  few  steps  by  the  piercing 
spears.  The  animals  at  room  temperature  attained  the  follow- 
ing speeds  in  walking  for  thirty  second  periods:  11  cm.  (in- 
cluding stops),  10  cm.  (including  stops),  16  cm.,  16  cm.,  and 
16  cm.  The  last  three  were  non-stop  promenades.  While  the 
leg  action  is  ordinary  (the  first  and  third  femora  on  one  side 
moving  in  the  same  direction,  while  the  second  on  the  same 
side  is  moving  in  the  opposite  direction),  they  have  a  "hitch- 
ing" stride.  The  spears  can  be  approximated,  and  frequently 
are,  when  the  animal  stops.  The  animal  stops  "jeep-like", 
with  head  down  and  flattened  against  the  table,  the  hind  legs 
elevated  thus  raising  the  abdomen. 

When  turned  over  on  their  backs,  they  somersault  to  regain 
the  upright  position  instead  of  turning  sidewise.  Sometimes 
they  somersault  spears  first.  At  other  times  they  recover  by 
placing  the  last  pair  of  legs  down  first  and  then  flopping  over. 

They  dislike  excess  moisture.  They  prefer  a  rather  dry 
habitat  of  dead  leaves.  They  choose  dry  instead  of  wet  or 
moist  surfaces.  When  placed  in  the  light  they  turn  and  travel 
in  the  other  direction.  The  more  intense  the  light,  the  faster 
they  travel,  seeking  darkness  or  at  least  shade.  They  respond 
negatively  to  heat,  avoiding  the  warm  dry  hand  or  finger.  They 
travel  with  equal  facility  on  all  inclines.  They  travel  as  easily 
vertically  downward  as  vertically  upward.  When  a  vertical 
plane  is  placed  at  right  angles  to  their  course,  they  go  up  over 
it,  rather  than  crawling  along  the  junction  of  the  plane  with 
the  table.  In  this  they  appear  to  be  negatively  thigmotropic, 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

unlike  the  positively  thigmotropic  trash-carrying  Chrysopid 
larvae  reported  by  Smith  (1926).  However,  under  certain 
circumstances,  there  is  positive  thigmotropism.  They  tend  to 
wedge  into  crevices.  Also  they  are  very  uncomfortable  when 
divested  of  their  cloak  of  shells,  as  described  below.  Smith 
found  this  also  to  be  true  with  his  trash-carriers,  none  of  which 
are  mentioned  as  snail-carriers. 

One  evening  Dr.  Guthrie,  Roy  Ash,  and  the  author,  care- 
fully pulled  the  snails  off  the  backs  of  two  specimens  and  placed 
them  in  dirt  containing  many  Strobilops  labyrinthica  and  other 
small  snails  from  the  Lawrence  Church  region,  Washington 
County,  Ohio.  As  soon  as  they  found  themselves  divested  of 
their  cloaks,  they  became  frantic,  rushing  around  and  seizing 
the  first  objects  available.  One  secured  a  lump  of  dirt, 
one  Carychium,  and  one  Enconulus  and  fixed  them  on  its 
back.  The  other  secured  a  large  juvenile  shell  of  Cochlicopa 
lubrica  and  a  piece  of  dirt  for  its  new  cloak.  After  fastening 
these  first  objects  on  their  backs,  they  behaved  more  leisurely. 
The  next  morning,  however,  they  were  so  overloaded  with 
small  snails  that  each  could  walk  only  with  difficulty. 

At  this  time  the  one  Cochlicopa  and  the  Euconulus  mentioned 
above  were  seen  to  be  living  but  they  were  withdrawn  within 
their  shells.  This  observation  was  made  under  a  binocular, 
without  removing  the  snails  from  the  backs  of  the  "snail-lions". 
The  burdens  of  snails  of  each  larva  suspiciously  and  gradually 
disappeared  during  the  next  few  days,  after  which  most  of  the 
shells,  including  the  two  mentioned  above,  were  found  to  be 
empty.  These  suspicions  were  confirmed  later,  both  at  Mari- 
etta College  and  at  Indiana  University,  when  living  insects 
were  seen  to  remove  living  snails  from  their  burden,  thrust 
the  long  sucking  spears  within  the  aperture  into  the  body  of 
the  snail.  The  snails  soon  were  deflated,  much  as  the  ordinary 
aphis-lions  deflate  plant  lice.  These  observations  change  our 
concept  of  the  burden.  It  is  a  "pantry"  as  well  as  a  "cloak" 
and  a  "graveyard".  However,  the  last  hardly  applies,  for  after 
the  feast,  the  shell  was  more  often  discarded  than  replaced  on 
the  back,  especially  if  a  fresh  supply  of  small  snails  were 
available. 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  43 

FIXATION  OF  SHELLS  AND  HIBERNATION. 

It  is  very  interesting  to  watch  a  larva  "fix"  a  snail  on  its 
back.  The  larva  seizes  the  snail  shell  between  the  curved 
sucking  spears,  as  one  would  pick  up  an  object  with  pincers. 
Both  abdomen  and  head  are  elevated,  by  raising  the  third  and 
first  pairs  of  legs  respectively,  while  the  mesothoracic  region 
is  lowered,  by  widely  spreading  the  second  pair  of  legs.  This 
allows  the  head  to  be  thrown  straight  back  and  the  abdomen 
to  be  elevated,  at  times  almost  to  the  vertical.  The  shell  still 
clasped  by  the  sucking-spear  pincers  is  placed  among  the 
hooked  hairs  on  the  back,  and  worked  back-and-forth  only  for 
a  very  short  time,  after  which  it  sticks.  The  animal  is  so 
small,  and  the  process  completed  so  quickly,  that  it  is  difficult 
to  observe  with  hand  lens  or  binocular.  Moreover,  the  animal 
goes  through  the  process  rarely  while  being  watched,  and  never 
when  you  would  like  to  have  it  thus  perform.  If  the  shells 
after  "fixation"  are  removed  and  examined  under  the  binocular, 
fine  silk-like  strands  can  be  observed  to  be  plastered  over  their 
surface.  I  think  that  spinnerets  on  the  tip  of  the  elevated 
abdomen  secrete  the  semi-fluid  silk,  which  quickly  dries  on  the 
shell  and  elsewhere  hardens  to  form  strands,  which  when  the 
shell  is  worked  back-and-forth,  engage  the  hooked  hairs  on 
the  back.  However,  I  have  yet  to  observe  the  silk  being 
secreted.  The  whole  process  of  "fixing"  a  shell  can  be  com- 
pleted in  less  than  thirty  seconds.  The  thoracic  pedicels,  the 
bristles  of  which  are  not  hooked,  serve  as  a  "hay-rack"  to 
support  the  overhanging  portions  of  the  burden.  These  have 
been  previously  described  in  detail  (Jones,  1929).  Some  of 
the  larger  snails  have  been  observed  to  escape  from  the  cloak 
of  the  Squaw  Hollow  specimen.  They  continued  to  live  quite 
normally,  outliving  the  insect. 

Attempts  to  raise  the  larvae  in  captivity  have  all  resulted  in 
eventual  failure,  though  some  have  been  kept  for  several  weeks 
in  a  jar  filled  partially  with  dry  leaves,  screened  over  the  top. 
Such  a  jar  kept  during  the  winter  indoors  at  room  temperature 
yielded  the  following  observations  at  Marietta  College.  A  drop 
of  water  occasionally  had  to  be  inserted  to  relieve  excessive 


44  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

dryness.  It  was  cautiously  avoided,  however,  by  the  larvae 
which  would  crawl  back  among  the  dry  leaves.  Excessive 
humidity  is  to  be  avoided,  as  moulds  tend  to  accumulate  and 
the  larvae  die.  In  the  latter  part  of  November  the  larvae  curl 
the  edges  of  the  leaves  and  hibernate.  This  is  probably  much 
later  than  hibernation  under  natural  conditions  as  the  room 
was  quite  warm.  I  uncoiled  the  leaf  a  few  times  and  found 
they  were  using  little  or  no  silk  in  the  construction  of  their 
"nest".  As  they  coiled  the  leaves  tighter  finally,  I  decided  to 
let  them  alone  until  Spring.  Then  I  found  nothing  by  frag- 
ments of  the  pupae  and  of  wings  too  shattered  for  identifica- 
tion. Also  some  white  oval  eggs  were  present,  but  were  so 
dry  and  brittle  that  they  shattered.  At  Indiana  University  the 
successful  emergence  of  the  adult  from  the  pupal  case  occurred 
so  early  in  the  morning  that  it  was  unobserved.  Shortly  after 
its  emergence  I  found  it  on  the  underside  of  the  screen  cover- 
ing the  jar.  The  body  of  the  adult  was  still  soft,  moist,  and 
light-colored.  So  eager  was  I  to  secure  the  wings  for  vena- 
tion-study that  I  killed  the  creature  before  the  body  attained 
maturity  of  color  and  rigidity. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

ARCHER,  A.  F.  1938.  An  insect  "Xenophora".  Nautilus, 
Vol.  51,  p.  105. 

BANKS,  NATHAN.  1905.  A  revision  of  the  Nearctic  Heme- 
robiidae.  Trans.  Amer.  Entomol.  Soc.  Vol.  31  (32),  No.  1, 
pp.  21-51.  (examined,  but  now  unavailable.) 

DEWITZ,  H.  1884  (1885).  Die  Angelhaaren  der  Chrysopo- 
denlarven.  Biol.  Centralb.  Bd.  4,  S.  722-723.  (unavailable.) 

JONES,  DAVID  T.  1929.  A  snail-collecting  aphis-lion  larva. 
A  preliminary  study  of  external  features.  Marietta  Coll.  Re- 
search Public.,  Vol.  1,  No.  1,  9  pp.,  3  plates.  The  Science 
Press,  Lancaster,  Penn.  (Yet  obtainable  from  the  author,  818 
East  5th  St.,  Vinton,  Iowa  or  from  Prof.  H.  R.  Eggleston, 
Marietta  College,  Marietta,  Ohio.) 

SMITH,  ROGER  C.  1926.  The  trash-carrying  habit  of  certain 
lace  wing  larvae.  Sci,  Monthly,  Vol.  23,  pp.  265-267. 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  45 

A  New  Opisodasys  from  Idaho  (Siphonaptera: 
Dolichopsyllidae). 

By  IRVING  Fox,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  following  new  species  of  Opisodasys  Jordan  (1933,  p. 
72)  is  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  W.  L.  Jellison,  who  has  re- 
cently (1939)  redescribed  the  other  known  species  of  the  genus. 
In  that  paper  and  in  another  recently  published  by  Jordan 
(1939,  p.  316),  the  male  of  O.  robustus  (Jordan)  is  described, 
and  is  shown  to  be  the  same  as  that  of  O.  spatiosus  I.  Fox 
(1940,  p.  65).  Hence  the  latter  name  falls  as  a  synonym  of 

0.  robustus. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  authorities  of  the  United  States 
National  Museum,  the  writer  has  had  the  opportunity  to  study 
the  collections  in  their  charge  which  include  determined  speci- 
mens of  O.  enoplus  (Rothschild)  and  O.  robustus,  and  type 
material  of  the  following  species:  O.  pseudarctomys  (Baker), 
male  and  female;  O.  keeni  (Baker),  male  and  two  females; 
and  0.  vesperalis  (Jordan),  male  and  female.  Since  specimens 
of  all  the  known  species  of  the  genus  have  been  available  for 
study,  it  has  been  possible  to  devise  a  key  to  aid  in  the  determi- 
nation of  the  males.  The  type  species  of  the  genus  is  Cerato- 
phyllus  vesperalis  Jordan  (1929,  p.  28),  by  original  designation. 
KEY  TO  THE  SPECIES  OF  OPISODASYS  JORDAN  (MALES  ONLY). 

1.  Sternal  plate  VIII  broad  basally,  truncate  distally, 

O.  jellisoni,  n.  sp. 
Sternal  plate  VIII  narrow  basally,  not  truncate  distally.. 2 

2.  Process  of  clasper  bifurcate 3 

Process  of  clasper  not  bifurcate 4 

3.  Lobes  of  process  of  clasper  subequal.  .  .  .O.  pseudarctomys 
Posterior  lobe  of  process  much  shorter  than  anterior, 

O.  vesperalis 

4.  Uppermost  spiniform  bristle  of  movable  finger  elbowed  near 

base,  not  straight,  apex  directed  upward.  .O.  robustus 

Uppermost  spiniform  bristle  of  movable  finger  not  elbowed, 

straight  or  with  apex  directed  downward 5 

5.  Sternal  plate  VIII  with  an  apical  bristle O.  keeni 

Sternal  plate  VIII  without  an  apical  bristle.  .  .  .O.  enoplus 


46 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Feb.,  '41 


Opisodasys  jellisoni,  n.  sp.  (Figs.  1,  2,  3.). 

$  .  Preantennal  region  of  head  with  two  rows  of  bristles ; 
upper  row  consisting  of  seven  bristles,  lower  row  of  three 
much  longer  ones.  Post-antennal  region  with  three  bristles, 
in  addition  to  a  marginal  row  of  five.  Labial  palpus  almost 
reaching  to  apex  of  fore  coxa,  acuminate  distally.  Pronotal 
comb  consisting  of  about  21  spines.  Mesopleural  suture  with 
one  bristle,  mesepimeron  with  three  bristles.  Supraepisternum 
with  one  bristle,  infraepisternum  with  three  bristles;  metepi- 
meron  with  two  bristles.  Modified  segments. — Movable  finger, 
process  of  clasper  and  sternal  plate  VIII  as  shown  in  Fig.  1. 
Penis  long  and  slender,  spring  short  not  completing  a  turn. 


Fig.  1.    Opisodasys  jellisoni,  n.  sp.,  process  of  clasper,  movable  finger 
and  sternal  plate  VIII  of  male. 

Fig.  2.     Idem,  receptaculum  seminis  and  sternal  plate  VII  of  female 
allotype. 

Fig.  3.    Idem,  sternal  plate  VII  of  female  paratype. 

$  .  Chaetotaxy  of  head  and  thorax  not  well  shown  by  speci- 
mens available.  Bristles  of  upper  preantennal  row  reduced, 
some  of  them  absent.  Labial  palpus  not  acuminate  distally. 
Mesepisternum  and  mesepimeron  each  with  four  bristles. 
Supraepisternum  with  one  bristle;  metepimeron  with  three 
bristles.  Sternal  plate  VII  showing  variation  in  depth  of  sinus. 
In  the  holotype  the  sternal  plate  VII  has  the  shape  shown  in 
Fig.  2;  while  in  a  paratype  it  has  the  shape  shown,  in  Fig.  3. 

Type   host   and  type  locality. — Flying   squirrel,    Glaucomys 
sabrinns  bangsi  at  Deer  Park,  Boise,  Idaho, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  47 

Type  material. — Male  holotype  and  female  allotype  from 
Glaucomys  sabrinus  bangsi  at  Deer  Park,  Boise,  IDAHO,  col- 
lected December  15-18,  1939,  by  W.  H.  Marshall;  in  the  United 
States  National  Museum.  Type.—U.  S.  N.  M.  Cat.  No.  54259. 
Male  and  female  paratypes  bearing  the  same  data  in  the 
Author's  private  collection. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

Fox,  IRVING.  1940.  Notes  on  North  American  Dolichop- 
syllid  Siphonaptera,  Wash.  Ent.  Soc.  Proc.  42 :  64-68,  illus. 

JELLISON,  WILLIAM  L.  1939.  Opisodasys  Jordan  1933,  a 
genus  of  Siphonaptera.  Jour.  Parasitol.  25 :  413-420,  illus. 

JORDAN,  KARL.  1929.  Notes  on  North  American  fleas.  Novi- 
tates  Zool.  35:  28-39,  illus. 

ID.  1933.  A  survey  of  the  classification  of  the  American 
species  of  Ceratophyllus  s.  lot.  Novitates  Zool.  39:  70-79. 

ID.  1939.  On  some  Nearctic  Siphonaptera.  Novitates  Zool. 
41:  316-320,  illus. 


Modification  of  the  Behavior  of  Dragonfly  Nymphs 
with  Excised  Labia  (Odonata). 

By  CYRIL  E.  ABBOTT,  Harding  College,  Searcy,  Arkansas. 

About  fifteen  years  ago  certain  experiments  carried  on  with 
the  nymphs  of  Anax  and  Acschna  established  the  fact  that 
those  insects  are  capable  of  modifying  their  activities  to  the 
extent  that  they  will  learn  to  come  to  the  experimenter  for  food. 

Recently  it  occurred  to  me  that  it  might  be  of  interest  to 
perform  similar  experiments,  using  instead  of  normal  speci- 
mens, those  from  which  the  labia  had  been  removed.  Unfortu- 
nately the  relatively  active  Aeschnids  were  not  obtainable,  and 
it  was  necessary  to  use  the  more  sluggish  Gomphids  and  Libel- 
lulids  instead.  Yet,  even  with  these,  the  results  of  the  experi- 
ments exceeded  expectations. 

Each  of  eleven  specimens  was  treated  in  the  following 
manner:  a  looped  thread  was  slipped  over  the  labium  until  it 
reached  the  point  where  the  organ  was  attached  to  the  head  ; 
the  thread  was  drawn  tight,  ligating  the  labium  proximally ; 


48  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

after  which  the  useless  organ  was  excised  just  distad  of  the 
ligature.  This  treatment  seemed  to  have  no  seriously  injurious 
effect  upon  the  nymphs;  for,  although  some  of  them  did  die 
shortly  after  amputation,  so  also  did  some  untreated  specimens ; 
on  the  other  hand,  some  of  the  amputated  specimens  lived  long 
after  the  experiments  were  terminated.  Each  experimental 
animal  was  kept  in  a  preparation  dish,  containing,  in  addition 
to  water,  a  little  sand.  Once  each  day  an  attempt  was  made  to 
feed  the  insects  by  presenting  each  of  them  with  a  bit  of  meat 
impaled  on  the  end  of  a  dissecting  needle.  The  materials 
varied  somewhat :  raw  frog  muscle  was  used,  also  hamburger, 
and  once  liver  from  a  rat. 

As  in  the  previous  experiments  with  Aeschnids,  one  could 
detect  in  the  behavior  of  these  animals  a  period  of  indifference, 
followed  by  orienting  movements  of  the  head,  and,  finally  a 
tendency  to  follow  the  food  about  the  dish.  But  what  was 
curiously  different  from  the  behavior  of  normal  specimens  was 
the  fact  that  some  of  these  nymphs  actually  learned  to  take 
food  from  the  needle  with  the  mandibles ! 

A  detailed  account  of  the  experiment  follows.    Of  the  eleven 

specimens  amputated  at  the  beginning  of  the  experiment,  three 
died  within  two  days  of  treatment ;  three  of  the  remaining  in- 
sects gave  no  response  at  any  time ;  and  one  specimen  responded 
once,  six  days  after  amputation.  The  responses  of  the  remain- 
ing four  specimens,  since  they  are  of  special  interest,  are  given 
in  detail. 

No.  Ill,  a  Libellulid,  gave  no  response  until  the  third  day 
after  amputation,  when  it  accepted  food  placed  in  its  mandibles. 
On  the  sixth  day  it  made  as  if  to  seize  the  food;  and  on  the 
seventh  day  it  swam  toward  the  food,  "lunged"  at  it,  and 
finally  grasped  this  food  with  its  mandibles.  This  behavior 
was  repeated  on  the  ninth  day,  rather  feebly,  however.  The 
animal  was  dead  on  the  tenth  day. 

No.  IV,  a  Gomphid,  made  slight  movements  toward  the 
food  the  day  following  amputation.  It  gave  no  other  response 
until  the  eighth  day,  when  it  followed  the  food  about  the  dish. 
On  the  ninth  day  this  nymph  not  only  followed  the  food,  but 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

finally  succeeded  in  taking  some  of  it  with  the  mandibles.     It 
died  on  the  tenth  day  after  amputation. 

No.  V,  a  Gomphid,  gave  slight  positive  responses  the  day 
after  amputation.  Until  the  sixth  day  it  gave  no  other  definite 
response,  although  it  invariably  took  food  placed  in  its  man- 
dibles. On  the  sixth  day  it  attempted  to  seize  the  food,  which 
it  followed  for  some  distance;  on  the  seventh  day  it  succeeded 
in  obtaining  some  of  the  food.  On  the  eighth  day  it  only  parti- 
ally responded,  but  again  on  the  ninth  day  it  duplicated  its  be- 
havior on  the  seventh.  The  experiment  was  terminated  on  the 
tenth  day,  as  most  of  the  other  specimens  had  died. 

No.  VII,  a  Gomphid,  took  food  placed  in  its  mandibles  the 
day  after  amputation,  but  not  until  the  sixth  day  did  it  swim 
to  the  needle  and  take  food  of  its  own  accord.  This  it  repeated 
on  the  seventh  day.  On  the  eighth  day  only  feeble  responses 
were  given,  and  the  experiment  was  discontinued. 

In  considering  these  results  it  is  well  to  remember  that  only 
a  few  specimens  were  used,  that  of  these,  only  four  gave  the 
responses  described,  and  that  the  responses  were,  in  part,  what 
one  might  expect  to  find  in  untreated  animals.  Nevertheless,  it 
seems  significant  that  some  of  the  nymphs  did  respond  as  they 
did ;  for  this  implies  that  others  are  capable  of  doing  likewise. 
It  is  the  more  remarkable  when  one  considers  the  sluggish  habits 
of  these  myopic,  mud-inhabiting  forms,  lacking  the  decisive 
movements  and  greater  visual  powers  of  the  Aeschnids.  Con- 
sider that  the  labium  of  the  dragonfly  nymph  is  used,  not  only 
for  seizing  prey,  but  for  holding  that  prey  while  it  is  being 
consumed.  The  mandibles  are  poorly  adapted  to  holding  food, 
and  they  are  placed  very  inconveniently  for  seizing  it. 

In  view  of  these  considerations,  and  without  implying  that 
the  modification  exhibits  any  intelligence  on  the  part  of  the 
nymph,  I  feel  bound  to  maintain  that  it  does  indicate  adaptive 
powers  which  are  not  easily  explained  on  a  purely  mechanistic 
basis.  The  nymph  is  far  from  being  the  mechanically  auto- 
matic thing  some  biologists  claim.  Moreover,  the  modification 
involves  a  modification  of  the  organism  as  a  whole.  No  theory 
of  reflex  action  alone  can  account  for  the  behavior  of  the  ex- 


50  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

cised  nymph  which  swims  to  food,  thrusts  its  head  over  that 
food,  and  employs  its  mandibles  in  a  manner  for  which  they 
are  poorly  fitted,  and,  under  normal  conditions,  would  never 
be  employed. 


A  New  Species  of  Amblyscirtes  from  Texas 
(Lepidoptera,  Rhopalocera,  Hesperiidae). 

By  H.  A.  FREEMAN,  Lancaster,  Texas. 

Amblyscirtes  belli  n.  sp. 

$  .  Upperside.  Primaries,  black  with  some  fulvous  overscal- 
ing toward  the  base  and  inner  margin;  three  sordid  white  sub- 
apical  spots,  the  top  and  bottom  ones  longer  than  the  middle 
one ;  a  small  sordid  white  spot  in  interspace  Cui  directly  below 
the  bottom  subapical  spot;  a  V-shaped,  sordid  white  spot  in 
interspace  Cu2  with  the  bars  of  the  V  pointing  toward  the 
outer  margin  of  the  wings,  the  upper  bar  twice  as  long  as  the 
lower  one.  The  spots  in  some  specimens  slightly  fulvous. 

Secondaries.  Black  with  a  few  scattered  fulvous  hairs  to- 
ward the  base  and  inner  margin  of  the  wings. 

Underside.  Primaries.  Black,  somewhat  lighter  than  above 
except  at  the  base,  fulvous  overscaling  toward  the  costal  margin 
and  apex.  The  five  spots  on  the  upper  surface  reappear,  more 
distinctly,  and  in  addition  there  are  three  spots  making  a  curved 
connection  between  the  last  subapical  spot  and  the  small  spot 
in  interspace  Cui,  with  the  curvature  toward  the  outer  margin 
below  the  apex. 

Secondaries.  Black,  nearly  completely  overscaled  with  gray 
in  some  specimens,  in  others  the  overscaling  is  restricted  to  the 
outer  margin  and  base  of  the  wings.  Two  indistinct,  vestigial 
spots  near  the  costa;  one  minute  discal  spot;  a  submesial  row 
of  connected  spots  forming  an  irregular  line,  bordered  on  the 
inside  by  dark  scales  and  on  the  outside  by  lighter  ones.  All 
spots  are  dark  hoary  gray. 

Body  above  black  with  some  long  gray  hairs  on  the  thorax 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen ;  beneath  grayish ;  sides  of 
the  abdomen  black,  gray  scales  forming  lines  between  the  seg- 
ments; palpi  light  gray,  with  a  few  scattered  black  scales; 
antennae  black,  ringed  with  sordid  white;  club  black  above, 
lighter  beneath.  Fringes  of  both  wings  sordid  while  between 
the  veins  black  at  the  ends  of  the  veins. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  51 

5  .    Similar  to  the  male  but  with  reduced  maculation. 

Expanse:  Male,  24-29  mm.,  average  size  26  mm.;  female 
23-32  mm.,  average  size  27  mm. 

Described  from  109  specimens,  68  males  and  41  females, 
collected  by  the  author  at  Lancaster  and  two  miles  west  of 
Vickery,  Dallas  County,  TEXAS,  during  April,  May,  June  and 
August  of  1940. 

This  species  was  placed  as  undescribed  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Bell, 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York,  and  in  his 
honor  I  take  great  pleasure  in  naming  it. 

Holotype  male  and  allotype  female  in  the  collection  of  the 
author.  Paratypes  are  being  placed  in  the  following  collec- 
tions, three  pairs,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New 
York;  one  pair,  United  States  National  Museum,  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  one  pair,  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania; 
one  pair,  Field  Museum,  Chicago,  Illinois ;  one  pair,  The 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia;  one  pair,  collec- 
tion of  Mr.  F.  Martin  Brown,  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado; 
one  pair,  collection  of  Mr.  Lowell  Hulbirt,  Glendora,  Cali- 
fornia; and  one  pair  in  the  collection  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Lindsey, 
Granville,  Ohio.  The  remaining  87  paratypes  will  remain  for 
the  present  in  the  collection  of  the  author  for  determination 
purposes. 

Belli  more  closely  resembles  celia  Skinner  than  any  of  the 
other  species  of  Amblyscirtes.  In  preparing  this  description 
belli  was  compared  with  37  specimens  of  celia  contained  in 
the  author's  collection  and  the  following  differences  were  noted. 

1.  Although  a  dark  species,  celia  is  lighter  than  belli.    None 
of  the  specimens  in  the  type  series  were  as  light  as  any  of  the 
37  specimens  of  celia. 

2.  Celia  often  has  a  spot  near  the  end  of  the  cell  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  primaries.    Belli  never  has  a  spot  in  that 
region. 

3.  Celia  is  more  completely  overscaled  with  lighter  scales 
on  the  under  surface  of  both  wings  than  is  belli. 

4.  The  spots  on  the  under  surface  of  the  secondaries  of 
celia   are   white,    contrasting   with    the   brown    rather    plainly, 
whereas  belli  has  dark  hoary  gray  spots  that  are  inconspicuous ; 
in  some  specimens  they  are  nearly  absent. 


52  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

A  Bibliography  of  Keys  for  the  Identification  of 
Immature  Insects.      Fart  II.  Odonata1. 

By  WM.  P.  HAYES. 

The  study  of  immature  aquatic  insects  has  probably  been 
given  more  attention  than  terrestrial  forms  for  the  reason  that 
in  most  instances  aquatic  insects  can  be  more  easily  reared  and 
with  such  rearings  has  come  a  greater  knowledge  of  the  grow- 
ing stages.  As  pointed  out  in  Part,  I2  of  this  work  the  writer 
is  attempting  to  make  available  for  investigators  the  literature 
containing  tables  or  keys  for  the  identification  of  the  develop- 
mental stages  of  various  insect  orders.  The  following  refer- 
ences have  been  gathered  for  use  in  class  work  devoted  to  the 
taxonomy  of  immature  insects  and  many  have  been  tried  and 
found  to  have  distinct  value.  It  is  realized  that  the  list  is 
probably  not  complete  and  the  writer  would  welcome  having 
his  attention  called  to  additional  citations. 

Among  aquatic  nymphs  (naiads)  of  the  three  orders  Odo- 
nata, Plecoptera  and  Ephemerida,  the  Odonata  have  been  given 
more  intensive  study  by  a  greater  number  of  students  than  the 
Plecoptera  or  Ephemerida.  This  perhaps  can  be  attributed  to 
the  greater  appeal  to  collectors  that  is  possessed  by  the  adults. 
Hence  more  study  of  younger  stages  and,  as  a  result,  we  find 
more  keys  for  their  identification  than  we  find  in  the  other  two 
orders. 

Attention  should  be  called  to  the  works  of  Lamb  (1924)  and 
Nevin  (1929  and  1930)  in  which  we  are  supplied  with  keys  to 
the  instars  of  the  three  species  representing  both  suborders — 
the  Anisoptera  and  Zygoptera.  From  these  it  is  apparent  that 
we  have  scarcely  made  a  beginning  of  our  study  of  these  forms. 
Moreover  Calvert  (1934,  Proc.  Amer.  Philosophical  Soc.  Vol. 
73,  pp.  63-64)  in  a  study  of  growth  rates  and  larval  develop- 
ment in  the  genus  Anax  begins  his  summary  of  this  work  with 
the  following  highly  significant  statement,  "Different  indi- 

1  Contribution  No.  200  from  the  laboratories  of  the  Department  of 
Entomology  of  the  University  of  Illinois. 

*A  Bibliography  of  Keys  for  the  Identification  of  Immature  Insects, 
Part  I— Diptera.  Ent.  News,  Vol.  49:  246-251,  1938;  50:  5-10  76-82 
1939. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  53 

viduals  of  Anax  junius,  a  common  North  American  species,  and 
different  parts  of  the  same  individual  grow  at  different  rates. 
This  renders  an  exact  definition  of  the  characteristics  of  any 
one  of  the  thirteen  larval  instars  impossible.  Nevertheless  it  is 
believed  that  the  age  of  a  given  larva  may  be  determined  within 
an  approximation  of  one  or  two  instars.  All  possible  char- 
acters should  be  taken  into  consideration  in  making  such  deter- 
minations." This  condition  perhaps  occurs  in  all  Odonata  and 
probably  in  immature  insects  of  all  orders.  It  is  an  important 
consideration  that  must  be  kept  in  mind  in  using  our  available 
keys.  So  many  of  our  key  couplets  are  concerned  with  size, 
and  from  the  above  quotation  it  is  apparent  that  statements  of 
size  mean  very  little,  unless  qualified  by  the  words  "when  full 
grown"  and  even  then  how  many  of  us  are  able  to  say  when  a 
larva  or  nymph  is  fully  developed? 

I  asked  Dr.  Calvert  to  add  any  references  known  to  him 
which  I  had  not  included  in  my  original  draft.  He  has  com- 
plied with  my  request  and  about  half  the  number  here  listed 
have  been  furnished  by  him. 

ANDER,  KJELL.  1926.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss  der  schwe- 
dischen  Odonaten  1.  2.  Ent.  Tids.  47  (1)  ;  31-42,  14  figs.,  Taf. 
2.  (Agrion  hastulatum,  lunulatum,  a/'matum,  paella;  no  keys, 
but  interspecific  comparisons.) 

ID.  1929.  Ueber  die  Nymphe  von  Mesogomphus  hageni 
Selys.  Konowia  8  (2)  :  159-162,  4  figs.  (No  keys,  but  com- 
parisons with  allied  forms.) 

AUSSERER,  CARLO.  1869.  Neurotteri  tirolesi  colla  diagnosi  di 
tutti  i  generi  europei.  Parte  I.  Pseudo-Neurotteri.  Annuario  Soc. 
Nat.  Modena  4:  71-156,  Tav.  viii-ix.  Also  separately  paged 
1-88.  (Analytic  table  of  genera  of  larvae  facing  p.  84  (16). 

BARBICHE  (Abbe).  1884-87.  Faune  synoptique  des  Odo- 
nates  ou  Libellules  de  la  Lorraine.  Bull.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Metz 
(2)  16:  11-20,  17:  85-163.  Also  paged  separately  1-93,  Metz 
Imprimerie  Even  Freres  1887  (on  cover),  Impr.  Verronnais 
(Fischer  Succ.)  1883  (on  title-page).  (Key  to  genera  of 
larvae  pp.  87-89  (15-17). 

BARNARD,  K.  H.  1937.  Notes  on  dragonflies  of  the  S.  W. 
Cape  with  descriptions  of  the  nymphs  and  of  new  species.  Ann. 


54  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

S.  Afr.  Mus.  32:  169-260,  32  figs.  (Key  to  genera  of  nymphs 
pp.  182-3.) 

BRAUER,  F.  u.  Low,  F.  1857.  Neuroptera  austriaca.  Die 
im  Erzherzogthum  Oesterreich  bis  jetzt  aufgefundenen  Neur- 
opteren  u.  s.  w.  Wien,  Carl  Gerald's  Sohn.  Pp.  i-xxiii,  1-80, 
5  Taf.  (Synopsis  of  genera  of  Odonate  larvae,  pp.  xiv-xvi.) 

BRUES,  C.  T.,  and  MELANDER,  A.  L.  1932.  Classification 
of  insects.  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  73.  Cambridge,  Mass.,  672 
pp.,  (Key  to  families  pp.  164-167). 

BYERS,  C.  F.  1927.  The  nymph  of  Libellula  incesta  and  a 
key  for  the  separation  of  the  known  nymphs  of  the  genus  Libel- 
Ma.  Ent.  News  38:  113-115.  1927.  (Key  to  species  pp. 
114-115). 

ID.  1927.  Notes  on  some  American  dragonfly  nymphs  (Anis- 
optera).  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  35:  65-74,  (Key  to  species  of 
Anax,  pp.  68-69  and  to  species  of  Trained-  p.  73). 

ID.  1930.  A  contribution  to  the  knowledge  of  Florida 
Odonata.  University  of  Florida  Publ.  Biol.  Sci.  Series  1  ( 1 )  ; 
1-327,  19  figs.,  11  pis.  (Key  to  spp.  of  nymphs,  pp.  34-39, 
table  for  Enallagma  spp.,  pp.  194-195). 

ID.  1936.  The  immature  form  of  Brachymesia  gravida, 
with  notes  on  the  taxonomy  of  the  group  (Libellulidae).  Ent. 
News  47:  35-37,  3  figs.,  60-64.  (Key  to  genera  of  Corduliinae 
and  Libellulinae,  pp.  60-64). 

ID.  1937.  A  review  of  the  dragon-flies  of  the  genera  Neuro- 
cordulia  and  Platycordulia.  Misc.  Publ.  No.  36.  Mus.  of 
Zool.,  Univ.  Mich.,  pp.  1-36.  8  pis.  (Key  to  species,  p.  9). 

ID.  1940?  A  study  of  the  dragonflies  of  the  genus  Prog- 
omphus  (Gomphoides)  with  a  description  of  a  new  species. 
Proc.  Florida  Acad.  Sci.  4:  19-85,  tables,  1  graph,  6  pis.  1939. 
(Key  to  3  spp.  of  nymphs,  pp.  58-59.) 

CABOT,  L.  1872.  The  Immature  State  of  the  Odonata. 
III.  Cat.  Mus.  of  Comp.  Zool.,  No.  V  (Mem.  of  same  2)  Part  I. 
Subf.  Gomphina,  pp.  1-17,  Pis.  I-III.  1881.  Part  II.  Subf. 
Aeschnina,  Mem.  of  same  8  (1):  pp.  35-39.  1890.  Part  III. 
Subf.  Cordulina,  Mem.  of  same  17  (1)  ;  pp.  37-41. 

CALVERT,  P.  P.    1893.    Catalogue  of  Odonata  (Dragonflies) 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  55 

of  the  vicinity  of  '  Philadelphia,  with  an  introduction  to  the 
study  of  this  group  of  insects.  Trans.  Ainer.  Ent.  Soc.,  20: 
152a-272.  (Key  to  genera  of  nymphs,  pp.  225-227). 

ID.  1928.  Report  on  Odonata,  including  notes  on  some  in- 
ternal organs  of  the  larvae  collected  by  the  Barbados-Antigua 
Expedition  from  the  University  of  Iowa  in  1918.  Univ.  loiva 
Stud.  Nat.  Hist.  12  (2)  :  1-54,  Pis.  I-V.  (Generic  keys  to 
four  Libelluline  genera,  pp.  15,  18;  tables  to  spp.  of  Tramea 
and  Erythcmis  pp.  29,  34.) 

ID.  1934.  The  rates  of  growth,  larval  development  and 
seasonal  distribution  of  dragon-flies  of  the  genus  Anax  Aesh- 
nidae).  Proc.  Amcr.  Philosophical  Soc.,  73  (1)  :  1-70,  4  Pis. 
(Key  to  species  of  Anax,  pp.  46-47.) 

COWLEY,  J.  1933.  The  larvae  of  the  European  species  of 
Gomphus  Leach.  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  69:  251-252,  pi.  vii. 

DJAKONOV,  A.  M.  1926.  [Our  Libellulidae — Keys  for  the 
identification  of  Libellulidae  and  their  nymphs.]  In  Russian. 
Exkursion  Fauna  des  Leningraders  Gouvernements.  Moscow 
and  Leningrade  72  pp.  8°  (Paper  not  seen). 

DUFOUR,  LEON.  1852.  fitudes  anatomiques  et  physiolo- 
giques,  et  Observations  sur  les  larves  des  libellules.  Ann.  Sci. 
Nat.  (3)  Zool.  17  (2)  :  65-110,  Pis.  3-5.  (Statement  of  generic 
and  specific  characters  of  Aeschna  3  spp.,  Libcllula  2  spp., 
Calopterix  1  sp.,  Agrion  1  sp.  pp.  67-73.) 

ERASER,  F.  C.  1925.  The  true  position  of  the  genera  Oro- 
gomphus  and  Chlorogomphus  as  demonstrated  by  a  study  of 
the  larva  of  0.  atkinsoni  and  O.  campioni  and  by  a  comparison 
of  the  latter  with  the  larva  of  Anotogastcr  nipalensis.  Rcc.  hid. 
Mus.  27  (5) :  423-429,  pis.  ix,  x. 

ID.  1933-36.  The  fauna  of  British  India,  including  Ceylon 
and  Burma.  Taylor  &  Francis,  London.  Odonata.  Vols.  I-III. 
(No  keys  to  larvae,  but  characters  of  the  larvae  of  some  of  the 
larger  groups  are  given.) 

(To  be  continued.) 


56  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED   BY   V.   S.    L.    PATE,    L.   S.    MACKEY   and   J.   W.   CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are   not    listed. 

No.  150  in  this  issue  is  VI  Congr.  Internac.  Ent.  Madrid. 

GENERAL. — Andre  &  Lamy. — See  under  Arachnida. 
Anon. — Damage  to  scientific  institutions  in  London.  [68] 
92:  548.  Balduf,  W.  V. — More  ambush  bug  prey  records 
(Hemiptera).  [19]  35:  161-169.  Blatchley,  W.  S.— Obituary 
by  J.  S.  Wade.  [10]  42:  204-208.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. 
-The  perfect  description.  [19]  35:  175.  Fernald,  H.  T.- 
Comments  on  C.  B.  Williams'  paper,  "On  'type'  specimens." 
[7]  33:  625.  Fuller,  H.  S.— Black-flies  bite  woodchuck.  [19] 
35:  155.  Gibson,  A. — Controlling  insects  from  the  air — a 
review  of  work  conducted  in  Canada.  [150]  2:  867-872,  ill. 
Kellogg,  Vernon  Lyman. — Obituary,  portrait  and  biblio- 
graphy by  R.  W.  Doane.  [7]  33:  599-607.  Le  Cerf,  F.- 
" Aberrations"  et  nomenclature.  [150]  2:  943-950.  Metalni- 
kov  &  Metalnikov. — Utilisation  des  microbes  dans  la  hitte 
contre  les  insectes  nuisibles.  [150]  2:  555-566.  Poche,  F.— 
Stabilitat  der  wissenschaftlichen  Namen  oder  Stabilitat  der 
Nomenklaturregeln.  [150]  2:  951-957.  Quilis  Perez,  M.- 
Calculo  de  las  fajas  isocondicionales  y  de  las  lineas  de 
maximo  desarrollo  para  los  insectos  [150]  2:  447-454,  ill. 
Influencia  de  los  factores  climaticos  en  el  calculo  de  los 
ciclos  biologicos  de  los  insectos.  [150]  2:  621-633.  Reich- 
enow,  E. — Consideraciones  sobre  el  desarrollo  de  las  rela- 
ciones  ecologicas  entre  los  artopodos  y  los  protozoos  por 
ellos  transmitidos.  [150]  2:  501-508.  Sandhouse,  Grace  A.- 
In  Memoriam,  obituary  and  bibliography  by  Cushman  and 
Russell.  [10]  42:  187-189,  ill.  Scotland,  M.  B.— Review 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  57 

and  summary  of  studies  of  insects  associated  with  Lemna 
minor.  [6]  48:  319-333,  ill.  Scott,  H. — General  and  zoogeo- 
graphical  considerations  regarding  the  Coleoptera  associ- 
ated with  giant  lobelias  and  senecios  in  eastern  Africa. 
[150]  2:  443-446.  de  Seabra,  A.  F. — Considerations  sur 
1'entomologie  du  ble.  [150]  2:  607-610.  Swank.  G.  R—  See 
under  Coleoptera.  Tragardh,  I. — Some  problems  of  modern 
forest  entomology.  [150]  2:  887-890.  Uvarov,  B.  P.- 
Locust  as  an  international  problem.  [150]  2:  535-543,  ill. 
Weyrauch,  W. — Observaciones  entomologicas  en  el  valle 
de  Chanchamayo  y  en  Tingo  Maria.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat. 
"Javier  Prado"]  4:  346-359.  Williams,  C.  B.— On  "type" 
specimens.  [7]  33:  621-624. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Abbott,  C.  E.— A 

modification  of  the  feeding  reaction  of  Aeschna  (Odonata). 
[19]  35:  171.  Bliss,  C.  I. — The  relation  between  exposure 
time,  concentration  and  toxicity  in  experiments  in  insecti- 
cides. [7]  33 :  721-766.  Finlayson  &  Green. — A  note  on  the 
effect  of  certain  foods  upon  fecundity  and  longevity  in 
Microcryptus  basizonus  (Hymen.).  [4]  72:  236-238.  Nisi- 
kawa,  Y. — The  respiration  of  the  pupa  of  Bombyx  mori  in 
and  outside  of  cocoon.  [Trans.  Kansai  Ent.  Soc.]  10:  27-32. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Andre  &  Lamy. 

— Coloration  tegumentaire,  ressemblance  protectrice  et 
mimetisme  chez  les  Acariens.  [150]  2:  413-439.  Beier,  M. 
— Zur  Phylogenie  der  troglobionten  Pseudoscorpione. 
[150]  2:  519-527.  Pierce,  W.  D.— A  rare  myriapod  from 
Anacapa  Island,  compared  with  two  Texas  species.  [38] 
158-171,  ill.  Senevet,  G. — Quelques  Ixodides  de  la  Guyane 
francaise:  especes  nouvelles  d'lxodes  et  d'Amblyomma. 
[150]  2:891-898,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Berner, 
L. — Ovoviviparous  mayflies  in  Florida  [Pro.  Fla.  Acad. 
Sci.]  4:  280.  Byers,  C.  F. — A  study  of  the  dragonflies  of 
the  genus  Progomphus  (Gomphoides)  with  a  description  of 
a  new  species.  [Pro.  Fla.  Acad.  Sci.]  4:  19-85,  ill.  Carpenter, 
F.  M. — A  revision  of  the  Nearctic  Hemerobiidae,  Beroth- 
idae,  Sisyridae,  Polystoechotidae  and  Dilaridae  (Neurop- 
tera).  [Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  A.  &  S.]  74:  193-280,  ill.  (k*). 
Cope,  O.  B. — The  morphology  of  Psocus  confratemus 
(Psocid.).  [Microent.]  5:  91-115,  ill.  Davis,  C.— Family 
classification  of  the  order  EmbiopU'rn.  |7|  33:  f>77  <'S_>.  (k). 
Eglin,  W. — Die  Neuropteren  der  inngchung  von  Basel. 


58  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

[Rev.  Suisse  Zool.]  47:  243-251.  Kennedy,  C.  H.— Pala- 
emnema  joanetta,  a  new  dragonfly  from  Panama  (Odonata). 
[7]  33:  626-628,  ill.  Milne  &  Milne.— A  n.  sp.  of  Rhyaco- 
phila  described  from  metamorphotypes  (Trichop.).  [19]  35: 
153-155,  ill.  Pieltain,  C.  B. — Sobre  el  parasitismo  del 
Eoxenos  laboulbenei.  [121]  1:  304-305.  Ross,  E.  S.— A 
revision  of  the  Embioptera  of  North  America.  [7]  33:  629- 
676,  ill.  (k*).  Spieth.  H.  T. — Studies  on  the  biology  of  the 
Ephemeroptera,  II.— The  nuptial  flight.  [6]  48:  379-390. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Handford,  R.  H.— Egg  deposits  of  a 
type  not  usually  produced  by  Melanoplus  m.  mexicanus  in 
Manitoba.  [4]  72:  235.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G.— A  new  genus  of 
Tropinotine  locusts  from  Brazil  (Acridid.).  [Notulae  Nat.] 
No.  66:  9  pp.,  ill.  Spencer,  G.  J. — The  effect  of  hailstorms 
on  grasshoppers.  [4]  72:  233-234. 

HEMIPTERA.— Balduf,  W.  V.— See  under  General. 
Ball  &  Beamer. — A  revision  of  the  genus  Athysanella  and 
some  related  genera  (Cicadellid.)  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.] 
26:  5-82,  ill.  (k*).  Craig,  F.  W. — The  periodical  cicada  in 
West  Virginia.  [W.  Va.  Univ.  Bull.]  14:  39-43,  ill.  David- 
son &  DeLong. — Studies  of  the  gen.  Empoasca  (Cicadell.), 
VII:  Six  n.  spp.  from  Mexico.  [7]  33:  608-611,  ill.  de  la 
Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. — Biological  notes  on  Arizona  Heter- 
optera.  [19]  35:  157.  Tollius  vanduzeei  n.  sp.,  with  notes 
on  the  genn.  Tollius  and  Stachyocnemus  (Alydidae).  [19] 
35:  159-161,  ill.  Doering.  K.  C.— A  contribution  to  the 
taxonomy  of  the  subfamily  Issinae  in  America  north  of 
Mexico  (Fulgoridae).  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  26:  83-167, 
ill.  (k*).  Drake,  C.  J. — Dos  nuevas  especies  del  genero 
Blissus  de  la  Argentina.  [Notas  Mus.  de  la  Plata]  5:  223- 
226,  ill.  Lindsay,  D.  R. — The  genus  Norvellina.  [Univ. 
Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  26:  169-213,  ill.  (k).  Oman,  P.  W.— 
Three  n.  spp.  of  Deltocephalus  (Cicadell.).  [10]  42:  201-203, 
ill.  Osborn,  H. — The  Membracidae  of  Ohio.  [Ohio  State 
Univ.  Studies]  Bull.  37:  51-101,  ill.  (k). 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Brown,    Gabriel    &    Goodson.— New 

forms  and  spp.  of  the  gen.  Catastictia.  [19]  35:  170-171, 
(S).  Busck,  A. — Notes  on  North  American  Microlepidop- 
tera  with  descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species.  [38]  39: 
87-98,  ill.  Clarke,  J.  F.  G. — The  European  genus  Moro- 
phaga  in  North  America.  (Tineidae).  [38]  39:  114-117,  ill. 
Comstock,  J.  A. — Notes  on  the  life  history  of  Aseptis  per- 
fumosa.  [38]  39:  104-105,  ill.  The  early  stages  of  Trachea 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  59 

fumeola,  [38]  39:  106-107,  ill.  Notes  on  the  early  stages  of 
Euphydryas  gilletti.  [38]  39:  111-113,  ill.  Dammers,  C.  M. 
— Euphydras  chalcedona.  [38]  39:  123-125.  Dethier,  V.  G. 
—The  final  stages  of  Polites  mystic.  [38]  39:  108-110,  ill. 
Evans,  W.  H. — The  type  of  the  gen.  Pyrropyge  (Hes- 
periid).  [6]  48:  405-411.  Fernald,  H.  T.— The  monarch 
butterfly  (Danaus  menippe)  in  Florida.  [Pro.  Fla.  Acad. 
Sci.]  4:  252-254.  Field,  W.  D.— Distribution  notes  and 
comments  upon  a  collection  of  Mexican  Lepidoptera.  [Univ. 
Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  26:  339-354.  Fletcher,  T.  B.— A  new 
California  plume-moth  (Alucitidae).  [38]  39:99-103.  Hein- 
rich,  C. — Correction  of  a  misused  generic  name  (Olethreut.). 
[4]  72:  242-243,  (*).  Kane,  H.  B.— An  American  Silk- 
worm. [Nat.  Hist.]  47:  19-23,  ill.  Klots,  A.  B.— A  new 
Brenthis  from  Alaska  (Nymphal.).  [6]  48:  413-414.  Mc- 
Dunnough,  J. — A  new  Pseudexentera  from  hickory 
(Eucosmid.).  [4]  72:  243-244,  ill.  Medlar,  W.  P.— Notes 
on  the  life  histories  of  two  western  North  American  moths. 
[38]  39:  118-122,  ill.  Sweetman,  H.  L.— The  migration  of 
a  Pierid  butterfly  in  Texas.  [19]  35:  173-174. 

DIPTERA.— Erikson,  G.  E. — See  under  Hymenoptera. 
Fairchild,  G.  B. — Notes  on  Tabanidae  from  Panama:  II.— 
The  gen.  Dichelacera  and  related  genn.  [7]  33:  683-700,  ill. 
(k*).  Notes  on  the  Simuliidae  of  Panama.  [7]  33:  701-719, 
ill.  (k*).  Haeussler,  G.  J. — See  under  Hymenoptera. 
Haseman  &  McLane. — The  history  and  biology  of  the 
juniper  midge  (Contarinia  juniperina).  [7]  33:  612-614,  ill. 
Hinman,  E.  H. — The  problem  of  races  of  Anopheles  quadri- 
maculatus  in  the  United  States.  [150]  2:  937-942.  Huckett, 
H.  C. — The  North  American  spp.  of  the  genn.  Leucophora 
and  Proboscimyia  (Muscid.).  [6]  48:  335-365,  ill.  (k*). 
Martini,  E. — Beziehungen  der  Anopheles  maculipennis 
Rassen  zur  Umwelt  und  zur  Malarialage.  [150]  2:  903-909. 
Steyskal,  G. — Additional  specimens  of  Lasia  purpurata 
(Acrocerid.).  [19]  35:  158.  Vargas,  L. — El  indice  maxilar 
en  algunos  Anopheles  americanos.  [Rev.  Inst.  de  Salubrid. 
y  Enferm.  Trop.,  Mexico]  1 :  275-289. 

COLEOPTERA. — Balthasar,  V. — Neue  Phanaeus-Arten. 
[Folia  Zool.  et  Hydrobiol.]  9:  238-247.  Eine  vorstudie  zur 
monographic  der  gattung  Canthon.  [Folia  Zool.  et  Hydro- 
biol.] 9:  179-238.  Bruch,  C. — Miscelaneas  entomologicas. 
[Notas  Mus.  de  la  Plata]  5:  193-206,  ill.  Darlington,  P.  J. 
— Stomus  pumicatus  in  America  (Carabid.).  [4]  72:  252. 


60  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '41 

Fiedler,  C. — Die  sudamerikanischen  arten  der  gattung 
Acalles  (Cryptorhynchid.).  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Gesell.] 
30:  820-842.  (*).  Henderson,  L.  S.— A  revision  of  the 
genus  Listronotus  (Curculionid.).  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.] 
26:  215-337,  ill.  (k*).  Jeannel,  R.— Sur  la  distribution 
geographique  des  Catopidae.  [150]  2:  493-499,  ill.  Linsley, 
E.  G. — A  reclassification  of  the  tribe  Obriini  of  Leconte 
(Cerambyc.).  [6]  48:  367-377,  (k*).  Mansour,  K.— The 
classification  of  the  Coleoptera  and  post-embryological  re- 
search. [150]  2:  405-411,  ill.  Saylor,  L.  W.— Synoptic  re- 
vision of  the  beetle  genn.  Cotalpa  and  Paracotalpa  of  the 
U.  S.  with  description  of  a  new  subgen.  (Scarab.).  [10]  42: 
190-200,  ill.  (k*).  Soraci,  F.  A.— Distribution  in  New  Jersey 
of  (Myllocerus)  Corigetus?  castaneus  (Curculion.).  [6] 
48:  318.  Swank,  G.  R. — A  method  of  mounting  small  beetle 
genitalia.  [4]  72:  238-240,  ill.  Ting,  P.  C.— Revisional 
notes  concerned  with  Cimbocera  and  related  genera. 
(Curculionid.).  [38]  39:  128-157,  ill.  (*).  Wenzel,  R.  L.— 
A  genus  of  histerid  beetles  new  to  the  United  States.  [91] 
30:  516-519,  ill.  Zariquiey  Alvarez,  R. — Observaciones 
sobre  la  copula  en  los  Bathysciinae  (Silphid.).  [150]  2: 
441-442. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Brown,  R.  W.— The  comb  of  a 
wasp  nest  from  the  upper  cretaceous  of  Utah.  [Amer.  Jour. 
Sci.]  239:  54-56,  ill.  Clausen,  C.  P. — The  oviposition  habits 
of  the  Eucharidae.  [91]  30:  504-516,  ill.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. 
— Bees  obtained  by  the  Los  Angeles  Museum-Biological 
Survey.  [38]  39:  172.  Erikson,  G.^E.— The  Tipulid  prey  of 
a  Crabronid.  [19]  35:  172.  Finlayson  &  Green. — See  under 
Anatomy.  Gaul,  A.  T. — A  note  on  the  biology  of  Polisti- 
phaga  arvalis  (Ichneumon.).  [4]  72:  240-242.  A  note  on 
rearing  the  brood  of  Polistes  fuscatus  (Vesp.).  [6]  48:  391- 
393.  Haeussler,  G.  J. — Parasites  of  the  Oriental  fruit  moth 
in  Japan  and  Chosen  and  their  introduction  into  the  United 
States.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Tech.  Bull.  728:  62  pp.,  ill. 
Michener,  C.  D. — A  new  carpenter  bee  from  the  Great 
Basin  Region.  (Xylocopidae).  [38]  39:  126-127.  Pate,  V.  S. 
L. — Three  new  Nyssonine  wasps  from  the  southwestern 
United  States  (Sphecidae).  [Notulae  Nat.]  No.  63:  7  pp. 
Rau,  Phil. — Co-operative  nest-founding  by  the  wasp  Pol- 
istes annularis.  [7]  33:  617-620. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Entomophagous  insects.  By  C. 
P.  Clausen.  McGraw-Hill.  688  pp.,  ill. 


EXCHANGES 

This   column    is   intended   only    for   wants    and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 

not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted. — Nitidulidae  for  determination  or  exchange.  Correspondence 
desired  with  those  who  will  collect.  H.  R.  Dodge,  78  Anne  Street, 
Clintonville,  Wisconsin. 

Wanted. — To  hear  from  specialists  who  would  care  to  determine 
some  family  of  insects  for  a  share  of  the  duplicates.  We  have  many 
specimens,  especially  in  some  families  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptcra. 
H.  E.  Jaques,  Iowa  Insect  Survey,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Casilla  852,  La  Paz,  Bolivia, 
S.  America. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidpptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  juctmda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  2230  McDowell  St.,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 


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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOB    SALE    BY 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1075. — Robinson    (M.) — Studies   in   the    Scarabaeidae.    II.      (66: 

141-159,  figs.,  1940)    40 

DIPTERA 

1064.— Fisher  (E.  G.)-— Costa  Rican  Mycetophilidae.  (65:  227- 

236,  1  pi.,  1939) 20 

1063. — James  (M.  T.  O.) — The  genus  Dolichopus  in  Colorado. 

(Dolichopodidae).  (65:  209-226,  1939)  .35 

HYMENOPTERA 

1078. — Bequaert  (J.) — Notes  on  oriental  Polistes  wasps.     (Ves 

pidae).     (66:  265-273,  figs.,  1940)    20 

680— Franklin    (H.    J.)— The    Bombidae    of    the    New    World. 

(38:  177-486;  39:  73-200,  1913)    10.00 

1067. — Hopper  (H.  P.) — A  synoptical  revision  of  the  tribe 
Trogini  of  the  U.  S.  and  Canada  (Ichneumonidae). 
(65:  307-346,  1  pi.,  1939) 80 

1071.— Krombein    (K.    V.)— Studies   in   the   Tiphiidae.      IV.     A 
revision  of  the  Myrmosinae  of  the  New  World,  with 
discussions  of  the   Old  World  species.     (65:   4-1 5-465; - 
1  pi.,  1939)    1.00 

1066. — Linsley  and  Michener.  —  A   revision   of  the    No.   Amer. 

Nomadidae.    (65:  265-305,  4  pis.,  1939) .80 

1068. — Michener    (C.   D.) — A   revision   of   the   genus    Neolarra 

(Nomadidae).    (65:  347-362,  ill..  1939) 35 

1028. — Pate   (V.  S.  L.) — Studies  in  the   Pemphredonine  wasps. 
,     I.    New  gen.  and   sps.  of  the   Ammoplanoid   complex 
(Sphecidae).  (Trans.,  63:  89-125,  2  pis..  1937)    .  .  .80 

1072.— Pate  (V.  S.  L.): — The  taxonomy  of  the  Oxybeline  wasps. 
(Sphecidae).  L.  A  revision  of  the  gen.  Belomicroides, 
Brimocles  and  Belomicrus,  with  particular  reference 
to  the  Nearctis  sps.  (66:  1-99,  2  pis..  1940).  1.80 

1077. — II.       The     classification     of     the     gen.     Belomicrus     and 

Enchemicrum.      (66:  209-264,  figs.,  1940)  1.00 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1079. — Braun  (A.  F.) — Notes  and  n.  sps.  in  the  Yponomeutoid 

group  (Microlepidoptera).  (66:  273-282,  figs.,  1940)  .  .20 

1076. — Fox  (R.  M.) — A  generic  review  of  the  Ithomiinae. 

(Nyrnphalklae).  (66:  161-207,  4  pis..  1940)  1.00 

1060. — Williams  and  Bell. — New  sps.  of  Pel'icia.  with  remarks 

on  the  genus  (Hesperiidae).  (65:  135-159.  ill..  1939  .50 

1074. — New  Neotropical  Hesperiidae  and  notes  on  others.  (66: 

121-140,  figs.,  1940)  AO 

NEUROPTERA. 

1065.— Rehn   (J.  W.   H.).  — Studies  in  the   No.  Amer.   Mantis- 

pidae.    (65:  237-263,   1   pi.,   1939) 60 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

MARCH,  1941 

Vol.  LII  No.  3 


CONTENTS 

Williams — The  Relations  of  the  Spermatophore  to  the  Female  Repro- 
ductive Ducts  in  Lepidoptera .  .    .  61 

Hayes — A  Bibliography  of  Keys  for  the  Identification  of  Immature 

Insects.  Part  II.  Odonata 66 

Rau — A  Population  Study  of  a  Bumblebee  Colony,  Bombus  american- 

orum  Fabr.  (Hymen.:  Bombidae) 70 

Pyle — Triungulins  of  a  Rhipiphorid  Beetle    Borne    by    Elis    quinque- 

cincta  Fabr.     (Coleoptera) 74 

F"orbes — Does  He  Stridulate?     (Lepidoptera;  Eupterotidae) 79 

Denning— Descriptions  of  Three  New  Species  of    Mexican   Chimarrha 

(Trichoptera  :  Philopotamidae) 82 

Calvert — Cardinal  Feeding  on  a  Mantid   (Orthoptera  :   Mantidae).  .    .          85 
Current  Entomological  Literature 86 

Review  of  Buxton's  The  Louse,  an  account  of    the    lice    which    infest 

man,  their  medical  importance  and  control 88 

Obituary— Dr.  Charles  Wardell  Stiles,  Charles  William  Leng,  Dr.  Levi 

W.  Mengel,  Samuel  Henshaw,    .        . 90 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.   LI  I. 


Plate  I. 


SPERMATOPHORES    AND     FEMALE     REPRODUCTIVE     DUCTS, 
LE  PI  DOPTER  A- WILLIAMS. 

Fig.  1.  Scepsis  fitk'icoUis,  2.  Apantcsis  urge,  3.  Isia  -Isabella, 
4.  Ilstignienc  acraca,  5.  Pcridroiiiu  margaritosa,  6.  Platyscuta 
•I'idens,  7.  Se/iinia  inaryiiiata,  8.  Antograplia  hrassicac,  9.  Cato- 
cala  palaeo(/aiua,  10.  C.  ainafri.r,  11.  Plathypena  scahra,  12. 
Coryphista  nicadi  f  badiaria,  13.  l^lasealii  finilclla,  14.  Carpo- 
capsa  pomonella.  15.  Halisidota  tessellaris,  1C>.  //.  curvac.  17. 
Pandeinis  liiiniaht. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  MARCH,  1941  No  J> 

The  Relations  of  the  Spermatophore  to  the  Female 
Reproductive  Ducts  in  Lepidoptera. 

By  JOSEPH  L.  WILLIAMS,  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 

Lincoln  University,   Pennsylvania. 

(Plate  I.) 

Spermatophores  of  Lepidoptera  have  been  known  for  many 
years.  Balbiani,  Hagen,  Norris  and  Stitz  discuss  them  in  con- 
nection with  their  principal  subject.  The  first  study  devoted 
entirely  to  spermatophores  is  that  of  Petersen,  1907.  The  only 
other  work  on  this  subject  is  that  of  the  author,  1939.  Higher 
Lepidoptera  have  the  seminal  duct  extending  from  the  bursa 
copulatrix  or  its  duct  to  the  vagina.  The  sperms  follow  this 
path  from  the  Spermatophore  in  the  bursa  to  the  vagina  and 
thence  to  the  spermatheca.  The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to 
discuss  the  relationship  of  the  Spermatophore  to  the  bursa 
copulatrix  and  to  the  seminal  duct. 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Philip  P.  Calvert  for  his  kindness  dur- 
ing the  progress  of  this  investigation,  Mr.  John  W.  Cadbury, 
3d.  for  identifying  the  specimens  and  Dr.  A.  Glenn  Richards, 
Jr.,  for  criticisms  and  helpful  suggestions. 

Females  were  captured  by  means  of  a  light  trap  described  by 
the  author,  1939.  The  reproductive  organs  were  dissected  in 
physiological  salt  solution  and  the  contents  of  the  bursa  ob- 
served. The  diagrams  were  drawn  with  the  aid  of  a  camera 
lucida  using  the  same  power  of  the  same  microscope  through- 
out. 

Although  the  shapes  of  the  bursa  and  Spermatophore  vary 
to  a  considerable  degree  even  in  the  same  family,  the  females 
observed,  according  to  this  study,  are  of  classes  A.  15  and  C. 
Class  A  is  composed  of  those  females  having  the  Spermato- 
phore in  direct  communication  with  the  seminal  duct.  Since 
most  of  the  females  observed  belong  to  this  class,  the  burvi 
and  Spermatophore  of  only  a  few  serving  as  types  are  figured. 

61 


; 


62 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[March,  '41 


Some  specimens  had  more  than  one  spermatophore ;  each  rep- 
resents a  pairing,  but  only  one  at  a  time  communicates  with 
the  seminal  duct  (fig.  6).  Members  of  class  B  do  not  have  the 
spermatophore  communicating  directly  with  the  seminal  duct, 
but  with  a  duct  that  leads  to  a  secretion-filled  reservoir.1  The 
seminal  duct  extends  from  this  reservoir  to  the  vagina.  A  last 
class  of  primitive  moths  C  has  no  seminal  duct.  The  spermato- 
phore opens  into  the  bursal  duct,  which  extends  to  the  vagina. 
The  anatomy  of  this  type  is  given  in  a  forthcoming  paper. 

The  insects  are  taxonomically  arranged  in  descending  order. 
Names  used  are  those  of  the  McDunnough  check  list  unless 
otherwise  indicated. 


Class  A 


Macro-lepidoptera 
Superfamily  Noctuoidea 
Family  Amatidae 
Scepsis  fnlvicollis  Hbn.  Fig.  1 

Family  Arctiidae 
Subfam.   Arctiinae 
Apantcsis  argc  Dru.  Fig.  2 

Isia  Isabella  A.  &  S.  Fig.  3 

Estigmenc  acrea  Dru.  Fig.  4 

Family  Phalaenidae 
Subfam.  Phalaeninae 
Agrotis  ypsilon  Rott2 
Feltia  subgothica  Haw. 
Peridroma  margaritosa  Haw., 

Fig.  5 

Subfam.  Hadeninae 
Scotogramma  trifolii  Rott. 
Polia  subjuncta  G.  &  R. 
P.  legitima  Grt. 
P.  renigera  Steph. 
Orthodes  sp.   ? 


Ccramica  picta  Harr. 
Protoleucania  albilinea  Hbn. 

Subfam.  Amphipyrinae 
Agroperina  hclva  Grt. 
Oligia  fractilinca  Grt. 
Platysenta  vidciis  Gn.  Fig.  6 

Elaphria  grata  Hbn. 
Anorthodcs  tar  da  Gn. 
Galgnla  partita  Gn. 
Prodenia  ornithogalli  Gn. 
Ogdoconta  cincreola  Gn. 

Subfam.  Heliothiinae 
Hcliothis  obsoleta  Fabr. 
Schinta  arcigera  Gn.3 
S.  marginata  Fig.  7 

Subfam.  Acontiinae 
Erastria  carneola  Gn. 

Subfam.   Plusiinae 
Autographa  brassicac  Riley  Fig.  8 
A.  oo* 


1  Bursa  usually  without  any  secretion.     In  these  species  it  is  only  the 
reservoir  that  is  filled  with  a  secretion. 

•  Bursa  and   spermatophore   similar   to  that  of  Peridroma  margaritosa 
Haw. 

3  Bursa  and  spermatophore  similar  to  that  of  S.  marginata. 

*  Bursa  and  spermatophore  similar  to  that  of  A.  brassicae. 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


63 


Subfam.  Catocalinae 
Catocala  palaeogama  Gn.       Fig.  9 
C.  amatrix  lib.  Fig.  10 

C.  ultronia  Hb.5 
Cacnurgina  crassiuscitla  Haw. 
Anomis  sp. 

Subfam.   Hypeninae 
Plathypena  scabra  Fabr.        Fig.  11 

Subfam.  Herminiinae 
Blcptina  caradrinalis  Gn. 
Pal  this  atigitlalis  Hbn. 

Family  Notodontidae 
Dasylophia  anguina  A.  &  S. 

Superfamily   Bombycoidea6 
Family  Lasiocampidae 
Lasiocainpa  qucrcus  L.7 

L.  callunae* 

Gastropacha  qiiercifolia  L. 
Cosmotriche  potatoria  L. 
Malacosoma  a-mcricana  Fabr.7 
M.  ncnstria  L.7 

Superfamily   Geometroidea 

Family  Geometridae 

Subfam.  Sterrhinae 
Hacinatopis  grataria  Fabr. 


Subfam.  Larentiinae 
Coryphista  tneadi  i.   badiaria   Hy. 
Edw.,  Fig.   12 
Subfam.  Ennominae 
Sciniothisa  nigrocominae  Warr. 
Vitrinclla  panipinaria  Gn. 
Micro-lepidoptera 
Superfamily  Pyralidoidea 
Family  Pyralidae 
Subfam.  Pyraustinae 
Des-inia  fnneralis  Hbn. 
Nomophila  noctuclla  D.  &  S. 
Loxostcge  siinilalis  Gn. 
Phlyctaenia  ferntgalis  Hbn. 

Subfam.  Chrysauginae 
Galasa  nigrinodis  Zell. 
Subfam.   Crambinae 
Chilo  puritellus  Kit. 

Subfam.   Phycitinae 
Tlascala  finitclla  Wlk.  Fig.  13 

Ephcstia  kiihniclla  Zell. 

Superfamily  Tortricoidea 
Family  Olethreutidae 
Subfam.  Laspeyresiinae 
Carpocapsa  pomonella  L.      Fig.  14 


Class   B 

H.  caryae  Harris  Fig.  16 

Superfamily  Tortricoidea 
Family  Tortricidae 
Pandemis  liinitata  Rob. 


Fig.  17 


Macro-lepidoptera 
Superfamily  Noctuoidea 
Family  Arctiidae 
Subfam.   Arctiinae 
Halisidota  tessellaris  A.  &  S. 

Fig.  15 

Class  C 

Without  a  seminal  duct.  Tcgcticula  alba  Zell. 

Superfamily   Incurvarioidea  (=yiicciisi'll<i    Rik-y) 

Family  Prodoxidae  Proxodus  quinquepunctella  Cham. 

Members  of  the  superfamily  Incurvarioidea  have  the  spcrm- 
atophore  opening  into  the  bursal  duct,  which  extends  to  the 
vagina. 

5  Bursa  and  spermatophore  similar  to  that  of  C.  anuitri.v. 

6  All    members    of    this    superfamily    except    /!/.    anicrictiixi    are    from 
Mey rick's  revised  handbook  of  British  Lepidoptera,  London,   1928. 

'  The  spermatophore  is  too  small  to  be  certain  of  its  relation  to  the 
seminal  duct. 


64  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

In  the  three  species  listed  under  class  B,  it  might  he  argued 
that  the  secretion-filled  reservoir  is  not  a  part  of  the  bursa 
copulatrix,  hut  a  swollen  part  of  the  seminal  duct.  Such  a  dis- 
tinction is  of  comparative  morphological  interest.  It  is  only  a 
forensic  argument  here.  Whatever  the  morphological  homol- 
ogy'of  this  reservoir  may  be,  it  is  functionally  the  same;  namely 
a  secretion-filled  sac  through  which  the  sperm  must  pass  in 
order  to  reach  the  narrow  duct  leading  to  the  vagina.  In  this 
sense  they  are  exceptions  to  the  general  rule  in  the  higher 
lepidoptera.  A  comparison  of  the  bursa  copulatrix  and  seminal 
duct  of  Carpocapsa  poinonclla  (fig.  14)  and  Panel cmis  limi- 
tata  (fig.  17)  suggest  that  in  the  Tortricoidea  at  least  the 
secretion-filled  reservoir  had  best  be  considered  a  pouch  on  or 
just  off  the  seminal  duct. 

SUMMARY. 

61  species  representing  52  genera  in  18  subfamilies  of  9 
families  of  6  superfamilies  of  Lepidoptera  were  examined.  The 
six  superfamilies  were  Noctuoidea  (39  species),  Bombycoidea 
(6  species),  Geometroidea  (4  species),  Pyralidoidea  (8 
species),  Tortricoidea  (2  species)  and  Incurvarioidea  (2 
species).  Two  types  of  relationship  of  the  spermatophore  to 
the  seminal  duct  were  noted.  (1)  In  56  of  the  species  repre- 
senting all  superfamilies  except  Incurvarioidea,  the  spermato- 
phore opens  into  the  seminal  duct.  (2)  In  only  three  species, 
one  of  which  is  debatable,  representing  two  genera  (1  Noctu- 
oid  and  1  Tortricoid)  the  spermatophore  does  not  open  directly 
into  the  seminal  duct.  In  these  the  open  end  of  the  spermato- 
phore connects  with  a  secretion-filled  reservoir;  this  reservoir 
in  turn  connecting  with  the  seminal  duct. 

The  spermatophore,  of  course,  is  secreted  by  the  male  at  the 
time  of  pairing.  It  is  so  formed  and  hardened  in  the  bursa 
copulatrix  of  most  Lepidoptera  that  the  sperm  leaving  its  open 
end  pass  directly  into  the  seminal  duct  leading  to  the  vagina. 
Thus  the  first  stage  of  the  frequently  torturous  wandering  of 
the  sperm  within  the  female  moth  is  assured  by  the  structure 
of  the  spermatophore,  as  already  reported  by  Norris  and  Peter- 
sen.  But  in  rare  cases  the  spermatophore  empties  into  a  secre- 


1H.    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  65 

tion-filled  reservoir  in  turn  connecting  with  the  seminal  duct. 
In  these  exceptional  cases  the  first  stage  of  sperm  migration 
cannot  be  so  simple.  How  sperm  may  traverse  such  a  secre- 
tion-filled reservoir  is  not  known. 

The  most  primitive  families  of  moths  have  a  fundamentally 
different  type  of  female  reproductive  system.  One  of  these,  the 
Yucca  Moth,  is  being  treated  in  a  separate  paper.  No  seminal 
duct  is  present.  The  spermatophore  opens  into  the  bursal  duct, 
which  extends  to  the  vagina. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

BALBIANI,  E.  G.  1869.  Stir  le  mechanisme  de  la  feconda- 
tion  chez  les  Lepidopteres.  C.  R.  Acad.  Sci.,  Paris,  68,  pp. 
781-84. 

HAGEN,  H.  1882.  t)ber  ein  eigenthiimliches  Organ  in  der 
Begattungstasche  zweier  Tineiden.  Zool.  Anz.  5,  pp.  18-21. 

NORRIS,  M.  S.  1932.  Contributions  towards  the  study  of 
Insect  Fertility — The  structure  and  operation  of  the  repro- 
ductive organs  of  the  genera  Ephcstia  and  Plod'ui  ( Lepidop- 
tera,  Phycitidae)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  pp.  595-611,  5  pis. 

PETERSEN,  \Y.  1907.  Uber  die  Spermatophoren  der  Schmet- 
terlinge.  Zs.  wiss.  Zool.  88,  pp.  117-30,  1  pi.  2  fig.  in  text. 

STITZ,  H.  1901.  Der  Genitalapparat  der  Mikrolepidopteren. 
Zool.  Jahrbucher,  14,  pp.  135-76,  5  pis. 

WILLIAMS,  J.  L.  1939.  The  occurrence  of  spermatophores 
and  their  measurements  in  some  British  Lepidoptera.  Trans. 
Soc.  British  Ent,  6,  part  6,  pp.  137-48,  2  pis. 

ID.,  (in  press)  The  internal  genitalia  of  Yucca  Moths,  and 
their  connection  with  the  alimentary  canal. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  I. 

Parts  of  the  reproductive  organs  of  the  species  indicated  at 
the  bottom  of  the  plate  and  in  the  list  on  pages  (>2-f>3. 

Abbreviations:  M,  Bursal  cavity;  N,  Bursal  duct  ;  (  ).  Neck 
of  spermatophore  ;  S,  Seminal  duct  ;  T,  Reservoir ;  U,  Head  of 
spermatophore ;  W,  Reservoir. 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

A  Bibliography  of  Keys  for  the   Identification   of 
Immature  Insects.       Fart  II.  Odonata. 

By  WM.  P.  HAYES. 
(Continued  from  page  55.) 

GARMAN,  P.  1917.  Zygoptera  or  damselflies  of  Illinois. 
Bull.  Til.  State  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.  12  (4):  411-587,  Pis.  Iviii- 
Ixxiii.  (Various  keys  to  genera  and  species). 

ID.  1927.  The  Odonata  or  dragonflies  of  Connecticut.  Guide 
to  the  Insects  of  Connecticut.  Part  V,  Hartford,  Conn.  Gcol. 
&  Nat.  Hist.  Survey  Bui.,  39:  1-331,  67  figs.,  pis.  i-xxii. 
(Various  keys  to  families,  genera  and  species). 

HAGEN,  H.  A.  1853.  Leon  Dufour  iiber  die  Larven  der 
Libellen  mit  Beriicksichtigung  der  fruheren  Arbeiten.  Stett. 
Ent.  Zcit.  14:  98-106,  237-238,  260-270,  311-325,  334-346. 
(Statement  of  characters  of  families,  genera  and  species  of 
Libellulidae  9  spp.,  Gomphidae  2  spp.,  Aeschnidae  7  spp., 
Calopterygidae  1  sp.,  Agrionidae  2  spp.,  pp.  261-270,  311-313.) 

ID.  1880.  Essai  d'un  synopsis  des  larves  de  Calopterygines. 
C.  R.  Soc.  Ent.  Bclg.  33 ;  Ixv-lxvii.  Also  separately  pp.  5-7. 
(Brief  statements  of  characters  of  two  "legions",  7  genera  and 
subgenera,  pp.  Ixv-lxvi.) 

ID.  1885.  Monograph  of  the  earlier  stages  of  the  Odonata 
(Subfamilies  Gomphina  and  Cordulegastrina).  Trans.  Amcr. 
Ent.  Soc.,  12:  249-291.  (Key  to  genera  p.  249,  characters  of 
the  twoi  subfamilies,  pp.  286,  287). 

HOWE,  JR.,  R.  H.  1922.  Odonate  Larvae  of  New  England. 
Psyche  29:  1  p.  supplement.  Oct. -Dec.  [Pictorial  key  to 
Anisopteran  Nymphs  or  Larvae.] 

ID.  1925.  Pictorial  key  to  the  Larvae.  (Libellulidae  and 
Cordulegasterinae).  Psyche  32:  Supplement  not  paged.  Dec. 

ID.  1917-1923.  Manual  of  Odonata  of  New  England.  Mem. 
Thoreau  Mus.  Concord,  Mass.,  Vol.  2.  8  parts,  138  pp.  and 
supplement.  .(Nymphs  in  Parts  VI  and  VII?). 

ID.  1927.  Memoir  of  the  David  Mason  Little  Memorial 
Museum  of  Natural  History  I.  Manual  of  the  Odonata  of 
New  England  Part  III.  Larvae-Anisoptera.  (Larvae  of  the 
Cordulegasterinae,  Macromiinae  &  Corduliinae,  pp.  139-149.) 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  67 

JACOBSON,  G.  G.  &  BIANCHI,  V.  L.  1905.  [Orthoptera  and 
Pseudoneuroptera  of  the  Russian  Empire].  St.  Petersburg,  A. 
F.  Levrien.  (Key  to  larvae  as  far  as  some  families  and  sub- 
families only  p.  846.  Entirely  in  Russian.) 

KARXV,  H.  H.  1934.  Biologic  der  \Yasserinsekten,  etc.  F. 
Wagner,  Wien.  311  pp.  (Key  to  genera  and  species,  pp.  103- 
105). 

KARSCH,  F.  1893.  Die  Insecten  der  Berglandschaft  Adeli 
im  Hinterlande  von  Togo  (\Yestafrika)  nach  dem  von  den 
Herren  Hauptmann  Eugen  Kling  ( 1888  und  1889)  und  Dr. 
Richard  Biittner  (1890  und  1891)  gesammelten  Materiale,  u. 
s.  w.  Berlin.  Ent.  Ztschr.  38:  1-266,  6  pis.,  35  text  figs.,  1  map. 
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KENNEDY,  C.  H.  1915.  Notes  on  the  life  history  and  ecol- 
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ID.  1917.  Notes  on  the  life  history  and  ecology  of  the 
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notes  on  nymphs.  Key  to  species  of  Ophiogomphus,  p.  544. 
Comparative  figs,  of  nymphs  4  spp.  Goiuplnis,  pp.  571,  573,  and 
2  spp.  Acslina,  pp.  585-590.) 

ID.  1924.  Notes  and  descriptions  of  naiads  belonging  to  the 
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1-4,  pi.  1. 

ID.  1936.  The  habits  and  early  stages  of  the  dragonfly, 
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322,  figs. 

KLOTS,  E.  B.  1932.  Insects  of  Porto  Rico  and  the  Virgin 
Islands.  Odonata  or  Dragonflies.  Scicn.  Surv.  Porto  Rico  and 
the  Virgin  Islands,  xvi  (i)  Ne^t>  York  Acad.  Sci.  107  pp.,  7 
pis.  (Keys  to  some  groups.) 

LAMB,  L.  1924.  A  tabular  account  of  the  differences  be- 
tween the  earlier  instars  of  Pantala  flarcscens  (Libelluliilur. 
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to  instars  of  this  species,  p.  309). 


68  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

ID.  1929.  The  later  larval  stages  of  Pantala.  Trans,  cited 
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LAMPERT,  K.  1910.  Das  Leben  der  Binnengewasser.  2te 
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LIEFTINCK,  M.  A.  1930.  Fauna  Buruana;  Odonata  III.  A 
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descriptions  of  new  or  interesting  species,  and  an  account  of 
their  larvae.  Treubia,  7  Suppl.  (6)  :  305-330,  pis.,  vi-ix  8  figs. 
(Comparative  table  for  Anax  fumosus  and  guttatus  larvae, 
p.  329.) 

ID.  1931.  A  revision  of  the  genus  Epophthalmia  Burm. 
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ID.  1932.  Notes  on  the  larvae  of  two  interesting  Gomphi- 
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ID.  1933.  The  life  history  of  Procordulia  artcmis  Lieft. 
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(Forster).  Intern.  Rev.  gcsammt.  Hydrobiol.  u.  Hydrogr.  28 
(5/6)  :  399-435,  14  figs.  (Comparative  statement  of  the  larvae 
of  the  2  spp.,  p.  433.) 

ID.  1934.  Notes  on  a  few  Gomphidae  from  the  Indo-Aus- 
tralian  Archipelago,  with  descriptions  of  new  spp.  and  larvae. 
Tijds.  Ent.  77:  18-36,  7  figs.  (Comparative  statement  of 
larvae  of  2  spp.  of  Mesogomphus,  p.  23.) 

ID.  1940.  Revisional  notes  on  some  species  of  Copcra  Kirby, 
with  notes  on  habits  and  larvae  (Platycneminidae).  Treubia  17 
(4)  :  281-306,  pis.  10-14,  1  map,  5  figs.  (Comparative  state- 
ments and  figs,  of  larvae  of  2  spp.  of  Copcra,  pp.  301-303.) 

LONGFIELD,  CYNTHIA.  1937.  The  dragonflies  of  the  British 
Isles,  i  Warne,  London  &  New  York,  220  pp.,  38,  pis.  (The 
nymph  of  each  sp.  is  described,  but  there  are  no  keys.) 

LUCAS,  W.  J.  1900.  British  dragonflies  (Odonata).  Gill, 
London,  356  pp.,  57  figs.,  27  color,  pis.  (Key  to  nymphs,  pp. 
40-44,  330-331.) 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  69 

ID.  1930.  The  aquatic  (naiad)  stage  of  the  British  dragon- 
flies.  Ray  Soc.  Vol.  117,  London.  Dulau  and  Co.,  Ltd.,  xii, 
132  pp.,  30  figs.,  35  pis.  (Key  to  species,  pp.  19-25.) 

MARTIN,  ROSEMARY  D.  C.  1939.  Life  histories  of  Agrion 
acquabilc  and  Agrion  maculatum  (Agriidae).  Ann.  Ent.  Soc. 
Amer.  32  (3)  :  601-619,  5  figs.,  3  tables,  pis.  i-iv.  (Tables  ii 
and  iii  give  measurements  of  nine  organs  of  12  successive  in- 
stars  for  these  2  spp.  respectively.) 

MAY  E.  1933.  Libellen  oder  Wasserjungfern  (Odonata) 
In  Die  Ticrivelt  Dcutschlands  und  dcr  angrenzcndcn  Mecrcs- 
tcilc.  Part  27,  iv,  124  pp.,  134  figs.  (Keys  to  families,  genera 
and  species,  pp.  87-117.) 

MUNCHBERG,  P.  1930.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss  der  Biologic 
der  Odonaten  Nordostdeutschlands,  I.  Die  Biologic  des  Genus 
Sympctrum  Newm.  Sitsbcr.  Gcs.  naturf.  Frcunde  1930  (4/7)  : 
205-234,  figs.  (Key  to  4  spp.  p.  233.) 

ID.  1930.  Zur  Biologic  der  Odonatengenera  BracJiytron 
Evans  und  Acsclina  Fbr.  Zweite  Mitteilung  der  "Beitrage  zur 
Kenntnis  der  Biologic  der  Odonaten  Nordostdeutschlands." 
Ztschr.  Morph.  Okol.  Ticre  20  (1)  :  172-232,  15  figs.  (Com- 
parative descriptions  of  larvae  of  B.  hafnicnse  and  7  spp. 
Aeschna.) 

ID.  1932.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntnis  der  Biologic  der  Libellen- 
unterfamilie  der  Cordulinae  Selys.  Intern.  Rei>.  ycsamt.  Hydro- 
biol.  u.  Hydrogr.  27  (2/3),  265-302,  11  figs.  (No  keys,  but 
tables  showing  differences  between  last  5  instars  of  Cordulia 
aenca,  p.  283,  and  first  12  instars  of  Sonwtochlora  mctallica, 
p.  287.) 

ID.  1932.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntnis  der  Biologic  der  Odonaten- 
familie  der  Gomphidae  Bks.  Ztschr.  Morph.  Okol.  Ticrc  24 
(3/4)  :  704-735,  12  figs.  (No  keys;  table  of  differences  be- 
tween last  4  larval  instars  of  Ophiogomphus  serpentinus,  p. 
725.) 

ID.  1933.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntnis  der  Biologic  der  Lestinae 
Calv.  Intern.  Rev.  gcsaint.  Plydrobiol.  u.  Hydrog.  28  (3/4)  : 
141-171,  12  figs.  (Tables  give  body  lengths  of  successive  in- 
stars of  Sympcnna  fusca,  p.  161,  Lestes  2  spp.,  pp.  164-169.) 

ID.  1938.  Ueber  die  Entwicklung  und  die  Larve  der  Libelle 
Sympctrum  pcdcnwntanum  Allioni.  zugleich  ein  Beitrag  ueber 
die  Anzahl  der  Hautungen  der  Odonatenlarven.  Arch.  Xatur- 
gcsch.  (N.  F.)  7:  559-568,  2  figs.  (No  keys;  table  with  data 
on  1st  to  9th  exuviae  of  .9.  pcdcmontamnn,  pp.  561-562.) 

(To  be  continued.) 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

A  Population  Study  of  a  Bumblebee  Colony,  Bombus 
americanorum  Fabr.    (Hymen.:  Bombidae). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

This  is  a  population  study  of  one  colony  of  Bombus  ameri- 
canorum Fabr.,  removed  on  August  23,  1939,  from  its  nest  at 
Pacific,  Missouri.  While  this  species  normally  nests  in  the 
ground,  this  one  was  found  in  an  old  rodent's  domicile  in  the 
hollow  portion  of  a  fallen  log  near  a  field  of  red  clover. 

Important  studies  in  population  problems  of  social  insects 
have  been  made  by  such  able  investigators  as  Emerson1,  Boden- 
heimer2,  and  others,  but  the  life  conditions  of  social  insects  are 
so  intricate  and  the  studies  of  colonies  so  difficult  that  many 
data  must  yet  be  gathered  before  extensive  generalizations  may 
be  made.  In  regard  to  population  studies  of  bumblebees,  Boclen- 
heimer  says  that  "no  reliable  data  are  yet  known  on  the  dura- 
tion of  development,  on  longevity,  or  on  total  egg-production" 
and  that  the  "lack  of  the  relation  between  the  number  of  cells 
and  the  number  of  individuals  in  the  nest  is  even  greater  than 
in  the  wasps".  For  certain  species  of  American  bumblebees, 
however,  Plath3  and  Frison4  have  recently  supplied  many  of 
the  missing  data ;  but  even  so,  the  last  word  has  not  yet  been 
said  on  bumblebee  populations ;  therefore,  when  I  had  the 
opportunity  to  take  a  colony  of  B.  americanorum  late  in  the 
season,  I  decided  to  gather  what  information  I  could  add  to  the 
meager  knowledge  of  bumblebee  populations. 

The  date  when  the  nest  was  taken,  August  23,  is  about  four 
weeks  before  the  colonies  break  up  for  the  winter;  that  is  if  the 
information  which  Frison  obtained  for  this  species  in  Illinois 
holds  also  for  Missouri,  which  is  quite  likely.  The  colony  as 
taken  was  complete  except  for  .three  workers,  which  spent  the 
night  away  from  home  and  were  taken  on  their  return  next 
morning. 

1  Population   of    Social    Insects.      Ecological    Monographs   9 :    287-300, 
1939. 

2  Population  Problems  of  Social  Insects.     Biol.  Rev.  12 :  393-430,  1937. 

*  Bumblebees  and  Their  Ways.     pp.  199,  N.  Y.,   1934. 

*  A    Contribution    to    the    Knowledge    of    the    Bionomics    of    Bremus 
americanorum.     Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  23 :  644-665,   1930, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  71 

The  food  reserves  in  the  nest  were  scanty;  there  were  only 
four  cocoons  full  of  honey,  and  one  full  and  three  half  full 
cocoons  of  pollen.  In  addition,  six  others  gave  evidence  of 
having  at  one  time  served  as  pollen  containers.  None  of  the 
containers  were  sealed.  These  were  the  old  cocoons  from  which 
insects  had  emerged  and  were  later  used  as  containers. 

Frison,  who  has  very  thoroughly  worked  up  the  life  history 
of  B.  amcricanorum,  says  that  Psithyrus  variubilis  is  the  com- 
mon social  parasite  of  this  bumblebee.  I  looked  carefully  for 
evidence  of  this  parasite  in  the  colony  but  found  none ;  nor  was 
there  any  evidence  of  damage  done  by  other  parasites.  Only  a 
few  foreigners  were  found  in  the  nest ;  one  caterpillar  that 
might  have  been  J'itiila  cdmandsii  (since  it  resembled  a  figure 
in  Plath's  book)  ;  four  adult  beetles,  Har pains  herbivngus  Say. 
(L.  L.  Buchanan  det.),  whose  interest  in  the  nest  could  not  be 
determined;  a  half-dozen  nymphs  and  a  half-dozen  empty  egg 
cases  of  the  woodroach  Parcoblatta  sp.  The  beetles  and  roaches 
were  evidently  scavengers  and  probably  in  no  way  injured  the 
colony. 

A  CENSUS  OF  THE  COLONY. 
Immature  Population. 

Eggs ;  two  batches  totaling 

Larvae ;  small,  about  V2  grown  or  less 26 

Larvae  ;  medium,  males  or  workers  in  act  of  spinning  cocoons 
Larvae;  large,  queens  in  act  of  spinning  cocoons.  .  .  . 

Large  cocoons  containing  adult  queens 58 

Thirty-five  of  the  above  were  fully  pigmented  and 
winged,  ready  to  emerge  as  adults  ;  23  had  white  bod  it--, 
some  of  which  were  just  beginning  to  become   pig- 
mented. 
Large  cocoons  containing  quiescent  larvae  of  queens.  . 

Cocoons  with  workers 0 

Cocoons ;  small,  with  male  pupae 

Of  the  48  listed  above,  8  were  fully  formed  ready  to 
emerge,  17  were  only  partly  pigmented,  23  were  com- 
pletely white. 
Small  cocoons  with  quiescent  larvae  (sex  unknown).  .      .  .    46 

Since  the  sixe  of  adult  workers  and  adult  males  are 
the    same    ( Plath  )    one    may    legitimately    expect    the 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

cocoons  also  to  be  the  same  size  for  both  castes ; 
therefore,  the  46  listed  above  may  be  either  males  or 
workers. 


Total  of  immature  organisms  in  colony.  .238 


LS 


Adult    Population. 

Foundress  queen;  only  one  in  colony  with  frayed  wings.  ...  1 

Adult  workers;  dried  pinned  specimens,  14  to  17  mm.5.  ...  95 

Dwarfed  workers.6    4 

Young  queens;  dried,  pinned  specimens,  20-22  mm 26 

Young  queens;  dried,  pinned  specimens,  about  18  mm 3 

Workers  which  returned  next  day.  3 


Total  number  of  adults  in  colony 132 

The  tables  show  that  the  immature  organisms  totaled  238 
and  the  adults  132,  thus  giving  a  grand  total  for  the  colony  of 
370.  How  many  of  the  immature  organisms  would  have 
reached  maturity  before  the  coming  of  winter  is  not  known; 
it  probably  would  depend  upon  climatic  conditions.  At  any 
rate,  the  colony  at  that  late  date  would,  have  no  use  for  addi- 
tional workers,  and  actually  we  do  not  find  any  immature 
workers  in  the  nest,  granting  that  the  46  small  cocoons  with 
larvae,  whose  sex  could  not  be  determined,  are  males.  If  these 
46  larvae  are  males,  then  the  colony  would  have  had,  before 
the  close  of  the  season,  a  population  of  94  males ;  they  would 
then  almost  have  equaled  the  workers  in  number,  whose  total 
was  102. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  there  were  no  males  in  the 
nest  on  August  23,  but  that  29  new  queens  were  there.  The 
emerging  date  for  males  was  still  some  time  off  because  of  the 
48  males  still  within  their  cocoons,  only  eight  were  so  far  along 
in  their  development  as  to  have  the  bodies  pigmented.  In  con- 

5  Measurements  of  adults  of  this  species  according'  tu  Plath  (p.  164) 
are :  queens  22  mm.,  workers  17  mm.,  males  17  mm. 

*  There  were  four  dwarfed  workers  in  this  colony  and  Prison  (p.  660) 
finds  that  workers  of  this  species  produced  in  the  early  part  of  the 
season  are  often  very  small.  For  certain  social  wasps  (Ecology  20: 
440,  1939)  it  was  found  that  workers  of  the  first  brood,  probably  due 
to  undernourishment  are  often  of  small  size. 


Hi,    '41 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  73 

trast  to  this  when  queen  cocoons  were  cut  open  it  was  found 
that  35  out  of  the  58  were  completely  formed,  with  wings  ex- 
panded, and  ready  to  emerge.  In  this  nest,  at  least,  the  queens 
became  adult  sometime  before  the  males. 

It  is  also  interesting  to  note  that  while  29  adult  queens  were 
in  the  nest,  there  were,  in  addition,  85  cocoons  (58,  17,  and  10; 
see  table)  which  contained  immature  queens  that  would  have 
emerged  before  the  close  of  the  season  had  the  colony  not  been 
disturbed.  This  would  have  given  a  total  of  114  queens.  Since 
apparently  there  would  have  been  no  more  worker  bees  becom- 
ing mature,  our  total  population  of  workers  is  102.  This  colony, 
then,  would  have  produced  before  the  end  of  the  summer  114 
queens  and  102  workers. 

An  item  of  much  importance,  also,  in  a  colony  of  this  kind 
is  the  amount  of  mortality  among  the  bees  during  the  working 
season.  In  populations  of  social  insects  generally,  it  is  not 
always  easy  to  study  the  relation  of  the  number  born  to  the 
number  that  survive  to  the  end  of  the  season.  In  bumblebees, 
however,  a  study  of  this  kind  is  comparatively  easy,  since  each 
adult  leaves  behind  a  telltale  cocoon  from  which  it  hatched, 
and  unlike  other  social  insects,  the  cells  are  not  used  a  second  time 
for  brood.  Therefore  when  we  counted  132  adults  in  the 
colony,  we  would  expect  to  find  131  empty  cocoons  in  the  not 
(deducting  1  cocoon  for  the  queen  which  was  born  elsewhere). 
A  count  actually  gave  us  137  empty  cocoons,  showing  that  the 
total  loss  of  adult  insects  for  the  summer  was  only  six.  A  sepa- 
ration of  the  cocoons  into  two  sizes,  queen  cocoons  and  worker 
cocoons,  showed  no  loss  of  queens ;  there  were  29  queens  in  the 
colony  and  29  large  empty  cocoons.  The  six  bumblebees  that 
had  been  lost,  came  from  among  the  worker  caste.  The  lack 
of  mortality  of  the  queens  was  only  to  be  expected,  since  thev 
were  young  and  had  probably  spent  no  time  outside  the  nest. 
The  mortality  among  worker  bees  is  indeed  low  and  proves,  for 
this  colony  at  least,  that  in  a  world  of  enemies,  Boinhus  aincri- 
cauonun  with  her  big  body,  flashy  colors,  audible  hum  and 
severe  sting  holds  her  own  very  well. 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

Triungulins  of  a  Rhipiphorid  Beetle  Borne  by  Elis 
quinquecincta  Fabr.  (Coleoptera). 

By  ROBERT  W.  PYLE,  Biological  Laboratories,  Harvard 
University,   Cambridge,   Massachusetts. 

Among  the  specimens  of  Coleoptera,  Diptera,  and  Hymen- 
optera  collected  at  Sycamore  Mills  (near  Philadelphia),  Penn- 
sylvania, during  August,  1938,  were  a  male  and  female  Elis 
quinquecincta  Fabricius.  Subsequent  examination  of  the 
Hymenoptera  disclosed  the  fact  that  each  of  these  two  speci- 
mens had  four  triungulins  attached  to  it.  On  the  male  one  was 
attached  to  the  hairs  of  the  right  side  of  the  clypeus,  one  to  the 
hairs  of  the  prothorax,  and  one  between  the  tarsal  claws  of 
each  middle  leg.  The  female  Elis  bore  two  attached  to  the 
hairs  of  the  prothorax,  one  at  the  apex  of  the  right  hind  wing, 
and  one  on  the  basal  portion  of  the  left  hind  wing  on  the  anal 
vein. 

These  triungulins  had  been  killed,  as  was  the  host,  in  a 
cyanide  bottle  and  were  quite  dry  when  discovered.  They  were 
cleared  in  potash  and  mounted  in  gum  damar,  and  probably  be- 
long to  the  genus  Rhipiphorus;  they  may  be  described  as 
follows : 

Length  0.34  mm.,  width  0.12  mm.  Body  uniformly  intensely 
black  with  the  eyes  slightly  darker.  The  entire  body  much 
flattened  dorso-ventrally,  about  twice  as  wide  as  thick  through- 
out. 

Head  triangular,  one-twelfth  wider  than  long;  the  front 
border  forming  a  blunt  point.  Eyes  set  upon  the  posterior 
corners  of  the  head,  and  appearing,  in  specimens  cleared  in 
potash,  to  be  composed  of  four  or  five  ommatidia  of  more  or 
less  uniform  size.  Antennae  three-jointed,  cylindrical;  a  small 
basal  joint,  a  short  second  joint,  and  the  third  joint  more  than 
twice  as  long  as  the  second.  Two  apical  setae,  one  much  larger 
than  the  other,  are  set  in  the  apex  of  the  second  joint.  The 
apical  seta  of  the  third  joint  is  long  and  extremely  thin,  its 
apex  seen  only  after  careful  scrutiny  under  an  oil  immersion 
lens.  The  antennae  and  setae  are  about  as  long  as  the  head. 
The  palpi  are  about  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  head,  three- 
jointed;  joints  cylindrical.  Mandibles  large,  somewhat  tri- 
angular, bluntly  pointed;  concealed  beneath  the  head  when 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


75 


closed  and  capable  of  overlapping  slightly.  They  are  set,  on 
the  posterior  border,  into  a  socketlike  depression.  Labrum 
with  a  number  of  setae  along  the  ventral  exposed  portion. 
There  is  also  one  ventral  in  front  of  each  antenna,  one  ventral 
back  of  each  eye,  and  one  along  each  side  of  the  median  ventral 
groove  that  runs  the  entire  length  of  the  head  passing  dorsad 
to  the  closed  mandibles. 


Thorax  about  as  long  as  the  abdomen  ;  prothorax  the  longest, 
and  metathorax  the  shortest.  Each  sternum  is  armed,  on  the 
anterior  portion,  with  two  very  heavy  bristles,  one  on  each  side. 

The  abdomen  is  relatively  short  in  comparison  to  its  width 
and  is  composed  of  nine  segments  in  addition  to  an  apical 
membranous  process.  Each  segment  bears  a  number  of  setae 
on  the  posterior  margin  ventrally ;  these  are  arranged  in  tour 
longitudinal  rows  on  each  side  with  another  row  on  the  lateral 
margins  of  the  segments.  In  addition  to  these  the  eighth  seg- 


76  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

ment  bears  laterally  a  pair  of  long  bristles.    The  dorsal  part  of 
the  body  is  devoid  of  bristles  or  setae. 

The  legs  are  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  body,  and  about 
equal  in  size.  The  femora  are  somewhat  thickened,  the  tibiae 
more  slender,  and  the  tarsi  apparently  composed  of  three  slender 
joints  supported  by  a  process  equally  long,  but  even  under  oil 
immersion  their  structure  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  ascertain. 
Each  part  of  the  leg  bears  a  number  (4-8)  of  bristly  hairs  of 
varying  lengths. 

The  method  of  attachment  of  these  triungulins  to  the  host 
is  the  same  as  has  been  described  by  Brues  (1924)  for  Horia 
m-aculata  Swed.  Several  hairs,  or  in  some  cases  one  hair,  are 
grasped  in  such  a  way  that  they  pass  along  the  median  ventral 
groove  of  the  head  dorsad  to  the  mandibles  which  close  below 
them.  That  this  method  of  attachment  is  secure  is  attested  by 
the  fact  that  the  specimen  attached  to  the  apex  of  the  hind  wing 
of  the  female  Elis  was  extended  at  an  angle  and  the  legs  were 
directed  posteriorly.  This  wasp,  being  a  fairly  rapid  flyer, 
must  have  given  her  passenger  quite  a  dizzy  ride.  No  ridges 
were  observed  on  the  mandibles  as  is  the  case  of  Horia  inacu- 
lata. 

Reference  of  these  triungulins  to  the  genus  Rhipiphorus  is 
based  upon  a  few  distinguishing  characteristics.  Rhlpiphorus 
is  the  only  genus  in  which  the  eyes  are  set  upon  the  posterior 
corners  of  the  head  with  the  antennae  just  anterior  to  them 
(Boving  and.Craighead,  1931,  p.  281,  figs.  E.  &  G.).  In  all 
other  genera  the  antennae  are  located  upon  the  anterior  half  of 
the  head  with  the  eyes  either  upon  the  anterior  half  or  near  the 
middle.  In  some  the  eyes  are  located  upon  the  posterior 
corners,  but  the  antennae  are  well  forward.  Cros  (1920) 
states  that  the  numbers  of  ocelli  are  good  characters  for  dis- 
tinguishing between  the  various  triungulins.  He  states  the 
Sitarini  possess  two  ocelli,  RJripiphoridac  three,  Macrosiagon, 
Emmenadia,  Rhizostylops  four,  Stylops  several  and  the  other 
Mcloidac  (Horiini,  Mcloini,  Lyttini*)  one.  Boving  and  Craig- 
head  (1931),  on  the  other  hand,  figure  (p.  281  fig.  E.)  Rhipi- 
phorus  solidagims  Pierce  with  five  ocelli.  The  triungulin  in 
question  has  four  or  five ;  the  exact  number  being  difficult  to 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  77 

determine  due  to  their  extremely  small  size.  It  seems  that  the 
position  of  the  eyes  and  antennae  rather  than  the  numher  of 
ocelli  is  a  better  character  for  distinguishing  this  genus  from 
closely  related  ones.  Chobaut  (1919)  figures  Rliipidins  dcnsi 
(p.  204),  but  although  the  eyes  are  located  upon  the  posterior 
corners  of  the  head  the  antennae  are  far  forward.  R.  dcnsi  also 
possesses  many  more  bristles  than  the  triungulin  in  question. 

The  mandibles  of  this  triungulin  are  broader  than  those 
shown,  in  most  figures,  and  do  not  correspond  well  with  those 
figured  by  Boving  and  Craighead  (1931).  This  difference,  I 
believe,  is  due  to  the  amount  of  clearing  done  in  potash.  The 
anterior  border  of  the  mandible  is  much  thicker  than  the  pos- 
terior portion.  Consequently,  at  first  sight  the  mandibles  appear 
to  be  thin  hooked  structures  and  it  is  only  after  detailed  study 
of  a  number  of  specimens  that  the  posterior  portion  is  evident. 
The  position  of  the  mandibles  eliminates  the  possibility  of  these 
specimens  belonging  to  the  Ep-icauta  or  Macrobasis  as  described 
by  Milliken  (1921),  since  the  mandibles  of  those  genera  are 
visible  from  above  at  all  times.  In  the  specimen  in  question  the 
mandibles  are  well  concealed  by  the  labrum  when  closed.  Other 
genera,  Tetraouy.r,  Zonitis  Horia,  Mcloc,  with  the  mandibles 
placed  so  that  they  are  not  visible  from  above,  have  the  anten- 
nae and  the  eyes  located  more  toward  the  anterior  portion  of 
the  head;  this  distinguishes  them  from  Rhipiphorus.  As  is 
common  with  all  genera  having  the  mandibles  so  placed,  these 
triungulins  have  a  median  ventral  groove  running  the  entire 
length  of  the  head  on  the  ventral  surface.  It  is  in  this  that 
the  hair  of  the  host  is  pressed  by  the  mandibles. 

The  tarsus  is  worthy  of  note.  It  appears  to  be  composed  of 
three  more  or  less  equal  joints  which  are  supported  by  an 
equally  long  process.  The  structure  of  the  tarsus  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  determine,  even  using  an  oil  immersion  lens,  and  its 
clarity  depends  upon  the  amount  of  clearing  in  potash.  Cros 
(1920)  states  that  the  specimens  of  Mdoini  he  observed  pos- 
sessed tarsi  which  terminated  in  three  similar  curved  claws,  of 
equal  thickness  or  sometimes  with  the  median  one  stouter  and 
straight.  These  types  he  termed  "en  fourche"  and  "en  trident 


78  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  |  March,  "41 

de  Neptune".  Brues  (1924)  describes  the  tarsus  pf  Horia 
rnaculata  as  "reduced  to  a  single  curved  claw  on  each  leg". 
Pierce  (1904)  describes  Rhipiphorus  (Myodites  auct.}  solid- 
aginis,  Pierce :  "Tarsus  apparently  three-jointed  with  a  long 
claw,  almost  entirely  concealed  by  a  large,  transparent,  fleshy, 
elliptical  sucker  which  is  double  its  length."  The  triungulin 
found  upon  Ells  also  has  the  tarsus  three-jointed,  but  the  so- 
called  sucker  is  only  as  long  as  the  tarsus.  Unfortunately, 
Pierce's  figures  are  not  sufficiently  detailed  to  show  the  form 
of  the  tarsus  in  that  species. 

The  presence  of  these  triungulins,  genus  Rhipiphorus,  upon 
both  male  and  female  Elis  qumquecincta  led  me  to  examine 
other  specimens  of  this  wasp  to  see  if  they  also  bore  triung- 
ulins. Accordingly,  I  examined  the  collection  of  Prof.  C.  T. 
Brues,  which  he  so  kindly  placed  at  my  disposal.  This  series 
contained  specimens  taken  in  various  parts  of  the  United 
States  from  Texas  and  Chicago  eastward.  In  no  case  was  I 
able  to  discover  any  triungulin  upon  any  of  the  specimens  in 
this  collection,  although  they  had  been  taken  at  various  times 
during  the  entire  season.  This  is  not,  however,  the  first  case 
of  triungulins  having  been  found  associated  with  wasps. 
Barber  (1915)  has  noted  Macrosiagon  flavipennis  in  the  cocoon 
of  the  wasp,  Bcmbe.r  spitwlac.  The  presence  of  these  Rhipi- 
phorid  triungulins  upon  Elis  qninquccincta  can  probably  be 
explained  as  a  case  of  mistaken  host  as  the  Elis  were  taken 
while  feeding  upon  some  flowers. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

BARBER,  H.  S.  1915 — Macrosiagon  flavipennis  in  Cocoons 
of  Bern  hex  spinolae  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  17:  187-88. 

BOVING,  A.  G.  and  F.  C.  CRAIGHEAD.  1930-1 — An  Illus- 
trated Synopsis  of  the  Principal  Larval  Forms  of  the  Order 
Coleoptcra.  Entom.  Americana  v.  11:  1-351. 

BRUES,  C.  T.  1924 — Triungulin  Larvae  from  the  Williams 
Galapagos  Expedition. — Zoologica  V  (11)  125-36. 

CHOBAUT,  A.  1919 — Description  des  deux  sexes,  de  1'oeuf 
et  de  larve  primaire  d'un  nouveau  Rhipidius  de  Provence.  Bull. 
Soc.  Entom.  de  France,  1919  p.  200-206,  2  figs. 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

CROS,  AUGUST.  1920 — Notes  sur  les  larves  primaire  des 
Meloidae  avec  indication  de  larves  nouvelles.  Ann.  Entom.  Soc. 
France  vol.  88:  261-79. 

MILLIKEN,  F.  B.  1921— Results  of  Work  on  Blister  Beetles 
in  Kansas.  Bull.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  No.  967. 

PIERCE,  W.  D.  1904 --Some  Hypermetamorphic  Beetles 
and  their  Hymenopterous  Hosts. — Univ.  of  Nebraska  Studies 
4:  153-90. 


Does  He  Stridulate?     (Lepidoptera  :  Eupterotidae). 

By  WM.  T.  M.  FORBES,  Department  of  Entomology, 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

Tamphana  marmorca  Schaus  is  a  striking  little  moth,  more 
or  less  related  to  the  North  American  Apatdodcs, — one  of  the 
odd  American  group  which  has,  roughly  speaking,  the  vena- 
tion and  strong  frenulum  of  the  Notodontidae,  larva  of  the 
Lasiocampidae  and  appearance  of  the  Bombycidae, — a  group 
which  I  should  rate  as  a  subfamily  of  Eupterotidae,  though 
Schaus  places  it  with  the  Bombycidae1. 

For  the  Apatelodinae  as  a  whole  the  genitalia  are  of  normal 
character:  uncus  well  developed  and  articulated  with  the  in- 
flated tegumen,  as  in  Bombycidae,  Geometridae,  Sphingidae, 
etc. ;  valves  well  developed,  normal  in  character  and  articulation, 
their  inner  side  articulating  with  a  transtilla  above  and  a  normal 
juxta  below ;  tegumen  and  vinculum  forming  a  normal  ring, 
the  latter  with  a  more  or  less  distinct  saccus ;  gnathos  showing 
a  slight  peculiarity  in  being  often  continuously  chitinized  with 
the  tegumen,  though  the  two  elements  show  separate  systems 
of  sculpture  in  Olccclostcra,  at  least. 

The  genera  as  a  whole  fall  into  two  groups,  which  do  not 
correspond  to  the  venational  groups  used  in  "Seit/.",,  but  do 
correspond  with  the  few  known  larvae.  In  the  first,  typified 
by  Epla,  the  eighth  segment  is  highly  modified,  chitinized,  and 

1  See  Seitz's  "Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World"  vol.  vi,  pp.  675,  692,  pi. 
89,  fig.  k8. 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

toothed  or  spined  dorsally  and  ventrally ;  uncus  reduced  and 
more  or  less  membranous,  and  aedeagus  long  and  slender ;  but 
the  valves,  while  a  little  reduced  in  size  and  simplified,  are 
normal  in  general  structure,  position,  attachments,  and  obvi- 
ously in  function.  The  larvae  show  masses  of  very  character- 
istic hair-scales.  Qucntalia  is  typical  of  this  group,  which 
includes  Anticla,  Zcnwla,  Colla  and  Epia.  In  the  last  two 
the  specialization  has  gone  further  and  the  last  two  segments 
are  hopelessly  fused. 

The  other  type  is  that  of  true  A  pat clod 'cs.  The  uncus  is 
strongly  chitinized  and  clearly  articulated,  is  most  often  forked, 
and  plainly  fully  functional ;  the  eighth  segment  is  unmodified, 
the  aedoeagus  very  short  and  stout,  usually  simple,  and  the 
valves  are  large  and  complex,  often  showing  some  trace  of  a 
clasper,  and  typically  with  a  hairy  lobe  projecting  posteriorly 
from  the  costal  articulation.  The  known  larvae  have  tufts  and 
pencils  of  fine  hair.  A  pat  clod  cs,  Olceclostera,'Arotros,  Drap- 
atclodcs,  Colabata,  Compsa  and  Drcpatelodes  belong  to  this 
group,  though  with  some  variation, — Compsa,  e.g.,  has  lost 
the  juxta. 

Tamphatia  (see  figure  1)  falls  quite  outside  this  picture. 
The  uncus  is  as  reduced  as  in  any  Epiine,  but  is  wholly  separate 
from  the  large  inflated  tegumen,  which  latter  has  large  rough 
lateral  extensions.  The  eighth  segment  is  not  chitinized  dor- 
sally  or  ventrally,  but  has  two  lateral  chitinizations  on  its  inner 
face,  ending  below  in  hooks  {Accessory  sclent c  of  the  figure)  ; 
I  can  find  no  juxta,  transtilla  or  gnathos,  but  on  the  other  hand 
the  saccus  is  longer  than  in  any  other  Apatelodine.  Most 
extraordinary  of  all  are  the  valves.  The  main  part  of  these, 
corresponding  to  valvula,  sacculus  and  clasper,  are  reduced  to 
two  little  hairy  lobes,  the  right  one  subsessile,  the  left  attached 
by  a  slender  stem,  and  both  obviously  functionless  rudiments ; 
but  above  these  there  are  two  unsymmetrical  and  highly  chiti- 
nized masses,  attached  by  a  broad  sliding  articulation  to  the 
side  lobes  of  the  tegumen,  and  extending  up  nearly  to  meet  the 
sides  of  the  uncus.  The  right  one  is  broader  at  the  base, 
occupying  the  whole  midventral  line,  and  ends  ventromesally 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


81 


Tequmen 


•  kcessoru — 
Sclerite 


Arti  cul  ati  on_|_  J?  _J 

SXridulatorq 
Scraper 

Lef t     Co  ft  a 


Vinculum_      _\V._1_ 


SQCCUS 


rti culation 


-Stridulatoru 
File 

ftiyttt    Costa. 

_Valve  Proper 


Fig.   1.     Male  genitalia  of  Tanipluiiia  nuinnorca. 

in  a  black  horizontally  striated  knob;  while  the  left  one  over- 
lies it,  is  narrower,  less  obviously  striated  (the  faint  striations 
are  not  shown  in  the  figure)  and  ends  mesally  in  a  blunt 
ridge  which  lies  on  the  striated  area  of  the  right  one. 

This  has  all  the  appearance  of  a  stridulatory  organ,  with  file 
and  scraper ;  and  we  hope  some  good  field  observer  in  Panama 
or  elsewhere  will  report  on  the  mating  behavior.  The  species 
is  not  too  rare  at  Barro  Colorado  Island,  though  only  males 
are  before  me. 

It  is  also  a  curious  problem  how  mating  is  managed  in  this 
species;  the  uncus  and  valves,  which  together  form  the  usual 
clasping  apparatus,  are  obviously  non-functional;  there  is  no 
adequate  modification  of  the  eighth  segment  to  take  their  place. 


82  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

I  may  only  note  that  the  aedeagus  is  tremendously  developed, 
ending  in  a  heavy  circular  hook.  It  would  doubtless  be  strong 
enough  to  hold  an  attachment,  but  it  is  a  mystery  how  it  could 
be  engaged  and  disengaged. 


Descriptions  of  Three  New  Species  of  Mexican 
Ghimarrha  (Trichoptera:  Philopotamidae). 

By  DONALD  G.  DENNING,  University  of  Minnesota,  St.  Paul. 
In  December,  1938,  Mr.  Janus  Ridley  made  a  short  collecting 
trip  into  northeastern  Mexico.  While  collecting  in  the  Mexican 
state,  Nuevo  Leon,  approximately  200  miles  south  of  the  Texas 
border,  three  new  species  of  Chimarrha  were  taken.  I  wish  to 
express  my  thanks  to  Mr.  Nathan  Banks  for  examining  these 
specimens,  and  to  Mr.  Ridley  for  presenting  them  as  a  gift  to 
the  University  of  Minnesota. 

Chimarrha  betteni  n.  sp. 

$  . — Wing  expanse  13  to  16  mm.  Head  blackish,  thorax, 
antennae,  palpi  and  legs  fumose.  Setae  of  head  and  thorax 
black  and  light  brown.  Wing  membranes  fumose,  black  setae 
quite  dense  along  costal  portion  of  wings  and  sparsely  scattered 
over  remainder.  Three  hyaline  areas,  devoid  of  setae,  distri- 
buted over  f orewings  as  follows :  a  narrow  nearly  straight  line 
extending  from  fork  of  R2+3  to!  M3 ;  a  wide  V-shaped  spot,  at 
fork  of  Mi+2  and  M3 ;  a  short  narrow  line  just  beyond  tip  of 
Anal  veins.  Ocelli  small  and  inconspicuous.  Second  segment 
of  maxillary  palpus  with  a  group  of  long  stout  black  setae 
distally,  extending  almost  two-thirds  length  of  third  segment 
of  maxillary  palpus.  Spurs  1-4-4;  spur  of  foreleg  small  and 
inconspicuous.  Venation  typical  for  genus. 

Genitalia  as  in  Fig.  1.  Eighth  tergite  heavily  sclerotized 
curved  ventrad  distally  with  a  median  laminate  process  extend- 
ing to  the  cercus,  curving  anteriorly  and  fusing  to  the  antero- 
dorsal  angle  of  tenth  tergite,  distal  margin  of  this  process  much 
more  heavily  sclerotized  than  remainder ;  eighth  tergite,  on  each 
side  of  this  median  process,  produced  caudad  into  a  thin,  flat 
ovate  projection,  bearing  a  few  rather  long  setae.  Sternite  of 
ninth  segment  heavily  sclerotized,  almost  completely  covered  by 
eighth  sternite,  ventral  lamina  narrowly  attenuated.  Ninth 
tergite  heavily  sclerotized,  sickle-shaped,  curved  caudad  dis- 
tally ;  bearing  the  semi-ovate  cercus  along  posterior  margin ; 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

entire  margin  of  cercus  and  ninth  tergite  with  a  brush  of  dense 
rather  long  setae ;  proximally  this  tergite  fused  to  postero- 
ventral  angle  of  eighth  tergite.  Small  ovate  structure,  covered 
with  small  setae,  between  distal  end  of  ninth  and  tenth  tergites, 
barely  discernible  when  viewed  laterally.  Tenth  tergite  extend- 
ing caudad  over  aedeagus,  saddle-shaped,  posterior  margin 
curved  dorsad  about  even  with  cercus.  Clasper  small,  narrow, 
widest  portion  about  three  times  width  of  base;  ventral  margin 
elongated  dorsad  into  blunt  finger-like  projection,  dorsal  margin 
with  two  short  blunt  angulations.  Aedeagus  weakly  sclerotized, 
distally  two  splinter-like  sclerites. 

9  . — Wing  expanse  16  mm.  Very  similar  in  size,  color  and 
general  characteristics  to  male. 

Holotypc — Male,  Villa  Allende,  Nuevo  Leon,  MEXICO,  De- 
cember 6,  1938,  (Janus  Ridley).  Deposited  in  University  of 
Minnesota  collection.  Allotypc — Female,  same  data  as  for  holo- 
type.  Parat\pes — 2  males,  same  data  as  for  holotype  . 

Chimarrha  ridleyi  n.  sp. 

$  . — Wing  expanse  10  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  antennae 
blackish,  setae  of  head  and  thorax  brown ;  palpi  and  legs 
fumose.  Wing  membranes  fumose,  short  black  pubescence  very 
sparsely  scattered.  Four  small  hyaline  areas  distributed  over 
forewings  as  follows:  a  narrow  line  extending  from  fork  R^r, 
to  M]+2;  a  rounded  hyaline  spot  near  fork  of  Mi+2  and  M3 ; 
a  narrow  line  a  short  distance  beyond  this  fork,  and  extending 
across  cell  ML. ;  a,  relatively  wide  line  near  tip  of  Anal  veins 
extending  from  near  Cu  to  margin  of  wing.  Ocelli  small  and 
inconspicuous.  Second  segment  of  maxillary  palpus  with  a 
group  of  stout  black  setae  distally  extending  almost  one-fourth 
length  of  third  segment  of  maxillary  palpus.  Spurs  1-4-4.  spur 
of  fore  tibia  relatively  stout  and  prominent.  Venation  typical 
for  genus. 

Genitalia  as  in  Fig.  2.  Ninth  segment  heavily  sclerotized, 
sternite  broadly  triangular,  proximal  fifth  covered  by  eighth 
segment,  ventral  lamina  short,  triangular,  bearing  a  few,  small, 
fine  setae;  dorsally  ninth  tergite  narrowed;  to  about  one-fourth 
width  of  eighth  tergite,  along  lateral  margin  an  anteriorly 
directed  blunt  angulation.  Tenth  tergite  relatively  simple,  com- 
posed of  a  pair  of  narrow  plates,  extending  caudad  about  two- 
thirds  length  of  aedeagus,  postero-ventral  corner  shortly 
attenuated;  dorso-distal  portion  with  a  small,  wide,  flattened 
triangular  projection;  distally  tenth  tergite  weakly  sclerotized. 
Small  rounded  clasper,  base  of  tenth  tergite,  bears  a  few  long 


84 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[March,  '41 


fine  setae.  Clasper  with  base  narrow,  greatly  widened  distally, 
postero-dorsal  corner  elongated  dorso-caudad ;  postero-ventral 
corner  blunt,  directed  ventrad ;  distal  margin  serrate,  it  and 
rounded  ventral  margin  bearing  fairly  long,  fine,  light-colored 
setae,  concave  inner  surface  with  no  setae. 

Holotype — Male,  Villa  Allende,  Nuevo  Leon,  MEXICO,  De- 
cember 6,  1938,  (Janus  Ridley).  Deposited  in  University  of 
Minnesota  collection. 

Chimarrha  pylaea  n.  sp. 

$  . — Wing  expanse  12  mm.  Head  and  thorax  blackish,  an- 
tennae black,  palpi  and  legs  fumose.  Setae  of  head  and  thorax 
dark  brown.  Wing  membranes  fumose.  covered  with  short 
black  sparse  pubescence.  Five  small  hyaline  areas,  all  devoid 
of  setae,  distributed  over  the  forewing  as  follows :  a  small  spot 
along  RI  near  fork  of  Ro+3  and  R4+s ;  a  narrow  line  extending 
from  fork  R4+r,  to  MU2;  a  small  round  spot  at  fork  of  Mi+o 
and  MS;  a  narrow  line,  just  beyond  this  fork  extending  from 
M1+o  across  to  M3 ;  a  fairly  wide  line  near  tip  of  Anal  veins 
extending  from  near  Cu  to  margin  of  wing.  Ocelli  small  and 
inconspicuous.  Second  segment  of  maxillary  palpus  with  a 
group  of  stout  black  setae  distally,  extending1  slightly  less  than 
one-fourth  length  of  third  segment  of  maxillary  palpus.  Spurs 
1-4-4;  spur  of  fore  tibia  relatively  stout  and  prominent.  Vena- 
tion typical  for  genus. 


Terminalia  of  males  of   Chimarrha,  left  lateral  views :     1.  Ch.  betteni 
n.  sp.,  2.  Ch.  ridlcyi  n.  sp.,  3.  Ch.  pylaea  n.  sp. 

Genitalia  as  in  Fig.  3.  Sternite  of  ninth  segment  heavily 
sclerotized,  ventral  lamina  short,  triangular,  directed  slightly 
dorsad,  a  few  fine  setae  present,  dorsally  ninth  tergite  narrowed 
to  about  one-tenth  width  of  eighth  tergite,  lateral  margin  with 
an  acute  angulation  directed  anteriorly.  Clasper  convex,  pos- 


Hi.  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   xr.ws 

tero-ventral  angle  fingerlike,  curved  dorsad,  almost  reaching 
ventral  margin  of  aedeagus;  proximo-dorsal  angle  wide,  blunt, 
directed  dorsad ;  viewed  laterally  two  small  teeth  along  distal 
margin;  mesal  margin  serrate  entire  length.  Convex  outer 
surface  with  a  few  fine  setae  along  margins,  concave  inner  sur- 
face with  no  setae.  Tenth  tergite  a  thin  narrow  plate,  gradu- 
ally tapering  ventro-caudad,  extending  caudad  about  two-thirds 
length  of  aedeagus;  proximal  half  of  plate  moderately  sclero- 
tized,  distal  half  only  weakly  sclerotized.  Small  rounded 
cercus,  at  base  of  tenth  tergite,  bearing  a  few  long  fine  setae. 
Distal  portion  of  aedeagus  with  a  dorso-caudad  directed  lobe, 
bearing  a  small  splinter-like  sclerite. 

Holotypc — Male.  Monterey,  MEXICO,  December  4,  193S. 
small  stream,  (Janus  Ridley).  Deposited  in  University  of 
Minnesota  collection. 


Cardinal  Feeding  on  a  Mantid  (Orthoptera:    MantidaeV 

Early  in  the  morning  of  October  19,  1940,  a  cold  day  (26° F. 
at  6  A.  M.),  I  saw  a  male  cardinal  on  the  porch,  under  an 
arborvita  tree,  apparently  eating  leaves  and  white  fruits  of  a 
silver  lace  vine  which  had  been  left  on  the  floor  when  the  vine 
was  cut  back  for  the  winter.  After  close  watching  I  saw  that 
the  "green  leaves"  were  the  front  wings  of  a  mature  mantid 
(Paratenodera  siucusis)  and  the  "white  fruits"  were  bits  of 
the  internal  organs.  All  four  wings  in  turn  were  picked  up 
and  passed  through  the  bill  from  side  to  side,  beginning  at  the 
thin  outer  edge  and  working  toward  the  base,  in  such  a  way 
that  the  bird  seemed  to  be  squeezing  out  any  substance  that 
could  be  extracted.  The  base  of  the  wing  was  "nibbled"  thor- 
oughly and  then  the  wing  was  tossed  aside.  Between  dealing 
with  wings,  the  bird  ate  most  of  the  thorax,  discarding  the 
tougher  chitin  of  the  back,  and  the  femora  of  most  of  the 
legs.  He  then  started  on  the  abdomen  and  dragged  out  the 
contents  bit  by  bit  until  he  had  consumed  at  least  half.  By 
that  time  the  bird  was  obviously  "stalled"  and  he  would  eat  a 
bit,  then  sit  back  and  wait  until  he  was  able  to  take  another 
beakful.  Finally  he  had  to  give  up  and  leave  the  rest  tor 
another  time — which  never  came  as  we  gathered  up  the  frag- 
ments. 

I  did  not  see  the  beginning  of  the  feast  so  I  do  not  know  if 
the  bird  caught  the  mantid  or  found  it  dead.  If  the  latter,  it 
must  have  just  died  as  it  was  flexible  and  juicy- -AMELIA  S. 
CALVERT,  Cheyney,  Pennsylvania. 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   V.   S.    L.    PATE,    L.   S.    MACKEY   and   J.    W.    CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
In  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of.  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Alexander,  C.  P. — Records  and  descrip- 
tions of  North  American  crane-flies.  [119]  24:  602-644,  ill. 
Anders,  C. — Living-  aerials.  [Nat.  Mag.]  34:  94-96,  ill. 
Anon. — A  new  entomologist  joins  Ward's  staff.  [118]  14: 
1-2,  ill.  Anon. — Collections  of  insects  for  illustrating  im- 
portant biological  concepts.  [118]  14:  9-10,  ill.  Fletcher,  F. 
C. — Collecting  and  preservation  of  Coleoptera.  [118]  14: 
8-9,  ill.  Ruediger,  E. — Insekten  als  krankheitsiibertrager. 
[Ent.  Jahr.]  1938-39:  149-1  bO.  Schtepetilnikova,  V.  A.— For 
the  ecologv  of  the  Azof-Black  Sea  race  of  Trichogramma 
evanescens".  [Bull.  Plant  Protection  USSR]  1940:  161-165. 
Teale,  E.  W.— The  Golden  Throng.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 
1940.  208  pp.,  ill.  von  Tunkl,  F.  F.— Bemerkungen  iiber  die 
art  der  fundortangaben  vom  wissenschaftlichen  standpunkt. 
[Ent.  Jahr.]  1938-39:  113-120,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Fallis,  A.  M.- 
(see  under  Diptera).  Rollick,  F.  S.  J. —  (see  under  Diptera). 
Huzimatu,  K. — The  life  history  of  a  new  cynipid  fly,  Kleid- 
otoma  japonica.  [Sci.  Rep.  Tohoku  Imp.  Univ.]  15:457- 
480,  ill.  Mitchell,  R.  T.— The  alimentary  tract  of  Vespula 
maculifrons  (Vespid.).  [43]  41:  29-38,  ill.  Sidorovnina, 
E.P. — On  the  hibernation  of  the  egg-parasite  of  the  bug 
(Eurygaster  integriceps)  Microphanurus  semistriatus. 
[Bull.  Plant  Protection  USSR]  1940:  183-184.  Tsuda,  M. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  87 

—Metamorphose  von  Glyphotaelius  admorsus.  [Annota- 
tiones  Zool.  Japonenses]  19:  195-197,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Strelnikov,  I.  D. 

-Heat  production  by  movement  and  its  importance  in  the 
ecology  of  nocturnal  butterflies.  [Izvestiia  Nauchwoo  Inst.] 
23 :  293-338. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Carpenter, 
F.  M- — A  revision  of  the  nearctic  Hemerobiidae,  Berothi- 
dae,  Sisyridae,  Polystoechotidae  and  Dilaridae.  [Pro.  Amer. 
Acad.  Arts  &  Sci.j  74:  193-280,  ill.  Carriker,  M.  A.,  Jr.- 
Studies  in  neotropical  Mallophaga — Part  II.  New  genera 
and  species.  [Lloydia]  3.  281-300,  ill.  Hubbard,  C.  A.— A 
review  of  the  fleas  of  the  genus  Meringis  with  two  new 
species.  [Pacific  Univ.  Bull.]  37:  4  pp.,  ill.  A  review  of 
the  western  fleas  of  the  genus  Malaraeus  with  one  new 
species,  and  the  description  of  a  new  Thrassis  from  Nevada. 
[Pacific  Univ.  Bull.]  37:  4  pp.,  ill.  A  check  list  of  the  fleas 
of  the  Pacific  Northwest.  [Pacific  Univ.  Bull.]  37:  4  pp. 
Montgomery,  B.  E. — A  revision  of  the  genus  Diastatops 
(Libellulidae)  and  a  study  of  the  leg  characters  of  related 
genera.  [Lloydia]  3:  213-280,  ill.  Yoshi,  R.— On  some  Col- 
lembola  from  Hokkaido.  [Annotationes  Zool.  Japonenses] 
19:  185-190,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Rehn,  J.  A.  G.— On  the  species  of  the 
genus     Camposia     (Acridid.     Cyrtacanthacrid.).     [Notulae 
Naturae]   No.  68:  11  pp.,  ill.   (ks*).     Urquhart  &  Corfe.- 
The  European   praying  mantis    (Mantis   religiosa)    in   On- 
tario. [Canadian  Field-Nat.]  54:  130-132,  ill. 

HE/MIPTERA.— da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Insetos  do  Brasil. 

Hemipteros.  Volume  2.  1940.  351  pp.,  ill.  (k).  Novopols- 
kaia,  E. — New  data  concerning  the  biology  of  the  apple 
sucker  in  the  Crimea.  [Bull.  Plant  Protection  USSR]  1940: 
96-98.  Snipes.  Carvalho  &  Tauber. — Biological  studies  of 
Ornithocoris  toledoi,  the  Brazilian  chicken  bedbug.  [Iowa 
State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  15:  27-37,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA — Bell,  E.  L.— A  new  genus  and  some 
new  species  of  Hesperiidae  from  Peru,  in  the  Bassler  Col- 
lection. [40]  No.  1094:  7  pp.,  ill.  Bobinskaia,  S.  G.— Basic 
ecological  factors  regulating  the  increase  of  Polychrosis 
bortana  in  Kakhetia.  [Bull.  Plant  Protection  USSR]  1940: 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

78-86.  Clark,  A.  H.— Butterflies  of  Farmville,  Virginia.  [91] 
31:  38-40.  Davenport,  D. — The  butterflies  of  the  satyrid 
genus  Coenonympha.  [Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Harvard 
Coll.]  87:  215-349,  ill.  Kotzsch,  H.— Das  praparieren  der 
Schmetterlinge.  [Ent.  Jahrb.]  1938-39:  5-15.  ill.  Miller,  H. 
D.  O. — Observations  on  sod  web-worms  (Crambus  spp.)  in 
Kansas.  [Trans.  Kansas  Acad.  Sci.]  43:267-281,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — Bequaert,  J.— Notes  on  Hippoboscidae  17. 
The  Hippoboscidae  of  the  Antilles.  [115]  19:  305-327.  Cope, 
O.  B. — The  morphology  of  Esthiopterum  diomedeae  (Mal- 
lophaga).  [117]  5:  117-142,  ill.  Fallis,  A.  M.— Studies  on 
Oestrus  ovis.  [Can.  Jour.  Res.]  18:  442-446,  ill.  Rollick, 
F.  S.  J. — The  flight  of  the  dipterous  fly  Muscina  stabulans. 
[Philosoph.  Trans.  Ry.  Soc.  Lond.]  (B),  230:  357-390,  ill. 
Rubcov,  I.  A. — Geographical  expansion  and  evolution  of 
gadflies  in  connection  with  the  history  of  their  hosts.  [Pri- 
roda]  1940,  No.  6:  48-60,  ill.  Seevers,  C.  H.— New  Termi- 
tophilous  Diptera  from  the  neotropics.  [Zool.  Ser.  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  24:  175-193.  ill.  Alexander,  C.  P.— See 
General. 

COLEOPTERA — Blaisdell,    F.    E.  A    monographic 

study  of  the  species  belonging  to  the  melyrid  genus  Tricho 
chroides.  [1]  66:  283-306,  ill.  Studies  in  the  Melyridae. 
No.  12.  [1]  66:  319-324.  Murayama,  J.— Nouvelle  note  sur 
les  Scolytides  du  Manchoukuo.  [Annot.  Zool.  Japon.]  19: 
229-237. 

HYMENOPTERA. — Linsley,  E.  G.— A  revision  of  the 
genus  Oreopasites  (Nomadid.).  [1]  66:  307-318,  ill. 
Mitchell,  R.  T. —  (See  under  Anatomy).  Rees  &  Grund- 
mann. — A  preliminary  list  of  the  ants  of  Utah.  [Bull.  Univ. 
Utah]  31:  11  pp.  Snodgrass,  R.  E. — The  male  genitalia  of 
Hymenoptera.  [Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.]  99:  86  pp..  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Synonymic  list  of  butterflies  of 
Korea.  By  D.  M.  Seok.  Korea.  1939.  391  pp.,  ill. 


THE  LOUSE,  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  LICE  WHICH  INFEST  MAN, 
THEIR  MEDICAL  IMPORTANCE  AND  CONTROL.  By  PATRICK  A. 
BUXTON,  M.  A.,  M.  R.  C.  S.,  L.  R.  C.  P.,  D'  T.  M.  &  H., 
Director,  Department  of  Medical  Entomology,  London  School 
of  Hygiene  and  Tropical  Medicine,  Professor  of  Medical  Ento- 
mology, University  of  London.  A  William  Wood  Book.  The 
Williams  and  Wilkins  Co.,  Baltimore,  1940.  8^4  x5^  inches, 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  89 

pp.  ix,  115,  5  tables,  28  text  figures,  $3.00. — The  author,  writ- 
ing in  November,  1939,  says  in  the  preface:  "At  the  present 
moment  the  control  of  the  louse  has  become  extremely  im- 
portant in  civil  as  well  as  military  life.  It  may  therefore  be  of 
service  to  publish  an  account  of  the  insect,  its  relations  to 
disease  and  the  methods  that  may  be  used  for  controlling  it. 
The  present  book  was  originally  written  as  part  of  a  larger 
work  on  medical  entomology  which  is  in  preparation.  It  was 
designed  for  readers  with  some  knowledge  both  of  entomology 
and  medicine  :  I  trust  that  it  has  now  been  made  comprehen- 
sible to  those  who  lack  the  one  or  the  other." 

A  better  general  description  of  the  book  could  hardly  be 
written.  It  is  full  of  valuable  information  and  data  of  all 
kinds.  It  should  be  most  useful  to  physicians,  nurses  and 
sanitation  entomologists  working  in  the  war  zone  and  of  value 
to  all  students  wishing  a  concise  yet  comprehensive  summary 
to  date  of  our  knowledge  of  these  insects  and  their  relation  to 
medicine,  as  well  as  to  any  intelligent  layman  who  may  have 
reason  to  use  it.  Essentially  a  highly  concentrated  compilation 
of  data  and  results  of  responsible  work  on  the  louse,  its  biology 
and  medical  importance,  much  that  is  inconclusive  has  been 
omitted  from  text  and  bibliography.  The  student  is  thus  saved 
the  labor  of  sifting  the  literature  for  himself. 

The  author  justifiably  devotes  only  the  first  22  pages  to  the 
zoological  position  of  the  Anoplura  and  the  external  and  in- 
ternal anatomy  of  Pedicnliis  hiuncnius.  The  next  30  pages  are 
concerned  with  the  individual  and  collective  biologies  of  head 
and  body  lice.  Twenty-seven  more  have  reference  to  the 
medical  importance  of  P.  linnianus  with  full  discussions  of 
the  entomology  of  Typhus,  Trench  and  Relapsing  fevers  to- 
gether with  development  of  their  causative  organisms  while  in 
the  body  of  the  louse  and  the  methods  by  which  they  are  trans- 
mitted to  man.  Ten  full  pages  on  control  followed  by  six  on  all 
aspects  of  Phthirus  pnhis,  and  an  appendix  of  5  pages  on  meth- 
ods of  rearing  and  artificially  feeding  lice  for  experimental 
purposes  complete  the  main  text.  There  are  7  pages  of  refer- 
ences and  an  adequate  index. 

There  is  nothing  superfluous  in  the  book,  yet  Mr.  Buxton 
avoids  condensing  his  material  to  the  point  of  unreadability. 
Moreover,  the  selection  of  illustrations,  graphs  and  tables  seems 
most  fortunate  and  should  be  very  helpful  if  only  because  they 
are  brought  together  in  one  volume.  Helpful  too  are  the  cross 
references  in  the  text  to  figures,  other  sections  ot  the 
book  and  bibliography,  and  the  citation  of  all  temperature  read- 


90  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '41 

ings  in  both  Fahrenheit  and  Centigrade  scales.  Finally,  it 
seems  to  this  reviewer  that  the  author  has  succeeded  admirably 
in  making  the  volume  intelligible  to  either  a  medical  student 
or  an  entomologist. 

Perhaps  the  only  disappointing  feature  is  the  short  treat- 
ment accorded  Phthims  pitbis.  Although  not  as  important 
medically,  or  as  thoroughly  studied  biologically,  as  Pcdiculus 
humauns,  very  brief  accounts  of  this  species  are  the  rule  in 
most  reference  works.  Undoubtedly  Mr.  Buxton  has  felt  justi- 
fied in  reducing  his  discussion  of  the  crab-louse,  but  in  com- 
parison with  the  rest  of  the  text,  this  section  seems  to  be 
somewhat  less  comprehensive. 

The  total  content  and  its  arrangement,  together  with  its 
convenient  size  will  combine  to  make  this  book  a  most  valuable 
tool  in  the  hands  of  medical  and  entomological  workers.  Per- 
haps it  is  not  too  bold  to  suggest  that  for  these  very  reasons 
it  may  make  a  great  contribution  toward  controlling  major  out- 
breaks of  lice  and  louse-borne  diseases  in  war  ravaged  Europe. 
If  the  years  to  come  prove  this  to  be  so,  Mr.  Buxton  will  have 
performed  a  service  for  which  humanity  itself  can  be  pro- 
foundly grateful. — JOHN  W.  CADBURY,  3rd. 


OBITUARY 

We  regret  to  record  the  deaths  of  the  following  Entomolo- 
gists, of  whom  we  hope  to  give  longer  notices  in  future  issues : 

Dr.  CHARLES  WARDELL  STILES,  author  of  papers  on  ticks, 
and  long  secretary  of  the  International  Commission  on  Zool- 
ogical Nomenclature,  on  January  24 ; 

CHARLES  WILLIAM  LENG,  prominent  Coleopterist  and  Di- 
rector of  the  Public  Museum  of  Staten  Island,  New  York,  on 
January  25 ; 

Dr.  LEVI  W.  MENGEL,  Lepidopterist,  Director  emeritus  of 
the  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  Museum  and  Art  Gallery,  on  Feb- 
ruary 3 ; 

SAMUEL  HENSHAW,  Coleopterist,  Director  emeritus  of  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  University,  on 
February  5. 


EXCHANGES 

This    column    is    intended   only   for   wants   and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and.  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted. — To  hear  from  specialists  who  would  care  to  determine 
some  family  of  insects  for  a  share  of  the  duplicates.  We  have  many 
specimens,  especially  in  some  families  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera. 
H.  E.  Jaques,  Iowa  Insect  Survey,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Casilla  852,  La  Paz,  Bolivia, 
S.  America. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  \V. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  2230  McDowell  St.,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 


FAVORABLE   OCCASION   FOR  COLLECTORS  AND  SPECIALISTS! 

I  deliver  at  moderate  prices  from  the  unexplored  primitive  Forest  of 
PERU:  Butterflies,  Beetles  (Cerarnb.,  Curcul.  Scar,  etc.),  Odonata-Dragon- 
flies,  Orthoptera,  Hymenoptera,  Diptera,  etc,  in  first  class  quality. 

Please  apply  to 

PEDRO   PAPRZYCKI,  SATIPO,     PERU,  SOUTH  AMERICA 


THE  PAN-PACIFIC  ENTOMOLOGIST 

A  quarterly  journal  of  general  entomology  published  by  the  Pacific 
Coast  Entomological  Society.  It  features  insect  problems  of  the  Pacific  area 
but  is  in  no  way  confined  to  that  region.  The  systematic  and  biological 
phases  of  entomology  are  stressed  including  articles  on  insect  taxonomy, 
morphology,  life  history,  and  distribution. 

Subscription  price  $2.00  per  yearly  volume 
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A  few  complete  sets  of  the  thirteen  back  volumes  are  still  available  at 
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Address:  California  Academy  of  Sciences 
San  Francisco,  California 

Scarce  Literature  Now  Available 

Contributions  which  appeared  in  the  various  publications  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  often  have  been 
unprocurable  by  students  on  account  of  the  rarity  of  separata, 
which  in  years  past  were  not  retained  for  sale  by  the  Academy. 
Nearly  all  papers  published  since  1880,  however,  are  now  avail- 
able and  can  be  obtained  from  the  Academy  at  moderate  prices. 
In  addition  excerpts  of  nearly  all  other  papers  which  appeared 
in  the"  Proceedings  "  or  "  Journal  "  since  1860  can  be  supplied. 

Our  price  lists  of  entomological  and  other  publications  now 
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Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 
NINETEENTH  AND  THE  PARKWAY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA 


Years  of  Service  to  Entomology 

For  over  one-quarter  of  a  century  Ward's  Natural  Science  Establishment 
has  been  supplying  collectors  with: 

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prices. 

2.  A  wide  variety  of  specimens  accurately  determined  and  carefully  mounted. 

3.  Collections  of   insects   for  the  teaching   entomologist  to   illustrate  life, 
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AN  INTERNATIONAL  REVIEW  OF  ENTOMOLOGY 

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Lima,  F.  Silvestri,  C.  Menozzi,  A.  Reichensperger,  F.  Santschi,  J.  D. 
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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOB    SALK    BT 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1080. — Blaisdell  (F.  E.,  Sr.) — A  monographic  study  of  the 
species  belonging  to  the  Melyrid  genus  Trichochroides. 
(66:  283-306,  1  pi.,  1941)  .45 

1082.— Studies  in  the  Melyridae.    No.  12     (66:  319-324,  1941)  .20 

HYMENOPTERA 

1081. — Lindsley   (E.  G.) — A  revision  of  the  genus  Oreopasites. 

(Nomadidae).     (66:  307-318,  fig.,  1941)    ..  .25 

ODONATA 

1069. — Needham    (J.    G.) — Studies    on    Neotropical    Gomphine 

dragon-flies.     (65:  363-394,  2  pis.,  1939) 70 

ORTHOPTERA 

1061. — Hebard  (M.) — Studies  on  Orthoptera  which  occur  in  N. 
Am.  north  of  the  Mexican  boundary.  X  and  XL  (65: 
161-191,  3  pis.,  1939)  65 

1062. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — A  new  genus  and  4  n.  sps.  of  Acri- 
didae  from  Brazil  and  Argentina.  (65:  193-208,  2  pis., 
1939)  .40 

1070. — The  South  Am.  sps.  of  the  Oedipodine  Gen.  Trimerotro- 

pis  (Acrididae).  (65:  395-414,  1  pi.,  1940) .  .40 

1073. — The  application,  relationship  and  sps.  of  Scyllina  and 

Scyllinops.  (Acrididae).  (66:  101-120,  1  pi,  1940)..  .40 


HERE  IS  SPACE  AWAITING  AN 

ENTERPRISING 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   ADVERTISER 

FOR  RATES  SEE 
SECOND  PAGE  OF  COVER 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


APRIL,  1941 


\7      1         T    TT  »  »  v,  A 

VoL  LH  No'  4 


CONTENTS 

Balduf— Take    Offs    by   Prey-Laden    Wasps    (Hymen  :    Pompilidae?, 

Sphecidae) 91 

Hayes — A  Bibliography  of  Keys  for  the  Identification  of  Immature 

Insects.  Part  II.  Odonata ...  93 

Knull — Two  New  Texas  Buprestidae  (Coleoptera) .  98 

Irwin — A  Preliminary  List  of  the  Culicidae  of  Michigan  Part  I. 

Culicinae  (Diptera) 101 

James — Notes  on  the  Nearctic  Geosarginae  (Diptera  :Stratiomyiidae).  105 

Henry  Clinton  Fall  Memorial  Publication  Fund 108 

Smith — A  Note  on  Noctuid  larvae  found  in  Ant's  Nests  (Lepidoptera: 

Hymenoptera:  Formicidae) 109 

War  Damage  to  Entomology 109 

Current  Entomological  Literature  110 

Review  of  Clausen's  Entomophagous  Insects. 116 

Review  of  Felt's  Plant  Galls  and  Gall  Makers 117 

Obituary:  Hermann  Schwarz,  Dr.  George  W.  Bock,  August  Knetzger. 

Charles  L.  Heink,  Mrs.  Vitae  Kite,  Dr.  Clarence  Preston  Gillette.  118 


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JNTOMOLQGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  APRIL,  1941  No  4. 

Take  Offs  by  Prey-Laden  Wasps 
(Hymen-  :  Pompilidae?,  Sphecidae). 

By  W.  V.  BALDUF,  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana. 

In  the  summer  of  1939,  I  chanced  to  observe  two  isolated 
instances  that  indicate  certain  predatory  wasps  at  least  occasion- 
ally ascend  on  foot  to  some  elevated  vantage  point  in  order  to 
take  off  by  flight  when  burdened  heavily  with  paralyzed  prey 
they  are  in  the  process  of  transporting  to  their  nesting  sites. 
No  effort  has  been  made  to  review  the  similar  cases  that  have 
doubtlessly  been  recorded  in  the  literature. 

The  first  instance  involved  a  rather  large  black  wasp  that 
resembled  a  pompilid  in  general  appearance,  and  a  medium- 
sized  green  adult  tettigoniid  orthopteran.  In  the  brief  glance 
afforded  me,  I  was  unfortunately  not  able  to  identify  either 
predator  or  prey  more  fully.  It  was  about  5  :00  P.  M.,  of 
August  8  and  on  the  back  porch  of  my  mother's  home  at  Oak 
Harbor,  Ohio,  that  I  happened  upon  the  wasp  standing  on  the 
porch  floor  astride  the  long-horn.  Presumably  the  hopper  had 
been  seized  in  the  honeysuckle  vines  that  decorated  the  adjacent 
end  of  the  porch,  for  tettigoniid  stridulations  had  emanated 
from  this  growth  on  previous  days. 

When  first  seen,  the  wasp  had  already  chewed  a  hole  through 
the  vertex  of  the  captive's  head  and  stood  feeding  from  the 
perforation.  But  in  a  few  seconds,  she  started  gingerly  toward 
the  wooden  porch  post  four  feet  away,  and  upon  reaching  it 
climbed  approximately  four  feet  vertically  on  it.  remaining 
astride  the  victim  all  the  time  as  she  proceeded.  From  this  high 
point  she  took  off  through  the  air  without  further  delay,  and, 
carried  by  a  stiff  wind  attained  an  elevation  of  about  15  feet 
just  before  she  disappeared  beyond  my  vision. 

The  second  instance  was  observed  as  I  walked  through  the 
campus  woods  of  the  University  at  7:45  A.  M.,  of  August  1. 
There  I  came  across  a  cicada-killing  wasp,  Sphccius  spcciosus 

91 


AP*     7  ^ 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

(Dru.)  in  possession  of  an  already  inactivated  large  green 
cicada,  probably  Tibicen  linnei  (Sm.  and  Grosb.).  Curious  to 
learn  what  was  to  happen  next,  I  came  to  a  stop  not  more  than 
two  feet  from  where  the  wasp  stood  over  her  prey.  In  a  mom- 
ent, speciosus,  standing  astride  of  and  dragging  her  catch,  pro- 
ceeded toward  me  and  climbed  at  once  upon  my  left  shoe,  then 
successively  up  the  outside  of  a  trouser  leg,  over  the  shirt  front 
and  a  shoulder,  and  around  the  back  of  the  neck  to  the  top  of 
the  head.  Whereas  the  horizontal  approach  to  the  shoe  was 
made  slowly,  the  vertical  climb  was  accomplished  with  a  burst 
of  speed  that  recalled  the  sudden  response  made  by  an  airplane 
when  the  accelerator  is  pushed  quickly  down  for  the  take  off. 
The  ascent  to  the  height  of  six  feet  and  three  inches  was  there- 
fore completed  in  only  a  few  seconds.  From  that  more  advan- 
tageous elevation,  speciosus  promptly  zoomed  away  among  the 
trees  with  her  load,  and  was  gaining  elevation  slowly  as  she 
faded  from  view. 

In  order  to  determine  the  approximate  carrying  power  of  this 
wasp  during  flight,  I  weighed  a  female  freshly  killed  in  a  cyan- 
ide jar  and  two  females  of  Tibicen  linnei  that  had  probably 
fallen  dead  out  of  trees  on  the  day  they  were  found.  One  of 
the  cicadas  weighed  1.4  grams,  the  second  2.1  grams,  whereas 
the  wasp  balanced  the  chinomatic  scale  at  0.3536  gram. 
Sphccius  speciosus  is  therefore  probably  capable  of  flying  a 
prey  load  four  to  six  times  greater  than  her  own  weight  to  her 
nesting  site. 

In  most  cases,  the  cicada  killer  presumably  overcomes  her 
captives  where  she  catches  them  in-  trees  and  would  therefore 
usually  not  be  obliged  to  ascend  on  foot  to  some  vantage  point 
in  order  to  take  off.  In  their  struggle  with  the  living  cicadas, 
some  speciosus  probably  chance  to  fall  to  the  ground,  as  may 
have  been  true  in  the  instance  described  above.  Although  pos- 
sibly exceptional,  this  case  is  nevertheless  of  interest  in  show- 
ing that  such  accidents  need  not  frustrate  the  wasp  in  her 
activity  of  provisioning  her  nest. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

A  Bibliography  of  Keys  for   the   Identification   of 
Immature  Insects.       Part  II.  Odonata. 

By  WM.  P.  HAYES. 
.  (Continued  from  page  69.) 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  1897.  Preliminary  studies  of  N.  American 
Gomphinae.  Can.  Ent.,  29  (7)  :  164-168,  (8)  :  181-186,  pi.  7. 
(Key  to  genera,  pp.  167-168). 

ID.  1903.  Aquatic  insects  in  New  York  State.  Life  histories 
of  Odonata  Suborder  Zygoptera  Damselflies,  N.  Y.  State  Mus. 
Bull.  68:  218-276,  figs.  3-17,  pis.  5,  11-19.  (Key  to  families, 
subfamilies,  genera  and  species.) 

ID.  1918.  Aquatic  insects.  In  Ward  and  Whipple,  Fresh 
Water  Biology.  Wiley  and  Sons,  N.  Y.,  1918.  pp.  876-946. 
(Key  to  genera,  p.  928-932.) 

ID.  1930.  A  Manual  of  the  dragonflies  of  China.  A  mono- 
graphic study  of  the  Chinese  Odonata.  Zool.  Sin.  (A)  11  (1)  : 
1-344,  Index  1-11,  pis.  I-XX.  (Many  keys  to  nymphs  as  far 
as  genera  throughout  the  book,  to  spp.  of  Libellula,  p.  124, 
Orthctnim,  p.  129,  and  Rhyotheinis,  p.  141.) 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  and  BETTEN,  C.  1901.  Aquatic  insects  in 
the  Adirondack's.  N.  Y.  State  Museum  Bui,  47.  Odonata: 
429-540.  (Various  keys  mostly  to  genera). 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  and  FISHER,  E.  1936.  The  nymphs  of 
North  American  Libelluline  Dragonflies.  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 
62:  107-116,  pis.  vi,  vii.  (Key  and  verification  table  to  genera, 
pp.  113-115.) 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  and  GYGER,  M.  K.  1937.  The  Odonata  of 
the  Philippines.  Philip.  Jl.  Sci.  63  (1)  :  21-101,  10  pis.  (Many 
keys  to  nymphs  of  Anisoptera  as  far  as  genera  throughout  the 
paper.) 

ID.  1939.  The  Odonata  of  the  Philippines.  II.  Suborder 
Zygoptera.  Philip.  Jl.  Sci.  70  (3)  :  239-314,  pis.  11-22,  2  figs. 
(Keys  to  nymphs  as  far  as  genera,  pp.  244-260.) 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  and  HART,  C.  A.  1901.  The  dragonflies 
(Odonata)  of  Illinois.  Part  I.  Petaluridae,  Aeschnidae  and 
Gomphidae.  ///.  State  Lab.  Xut.  I  list.,  Hid.  6:  (1)  1-94.  pi.  1. 
(Keys  to  families,  genera  and  spp.) 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  and  HEYWOOD,  H.  B.  1929.  A  handbook 
of  the  dragonflies  of  North  America,  vii,  378  pp.,  many  figs. 
Thomas  Co.,  Springfield,  111.  (Many  keys  as  far  as  genera, 
many  tables  to  spp.  throughout  the  book.) 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.  and  NEEDHAM,  P.  R.  1927.  Guide  to  the 
study  of  fresh  water  biology,  88  pp.  Amer.  Viewpoint  Soc., 
N.  Y.  (Key  to  genera,  pp.  14-20,  pis.  4-7.) 

NEVIN,  F.  R.  1929.  Larval  development  of  Sympctruin 
vicimim  (Odonata:  Libellulidae).  Trans.  Amcr.  Ent.  Soc.  55: 
79-102.  (Key  to  instars  of  this  species,  p.  100.) 

ID.  1930.  A  study  of  the  larva  of  Calopteryx  (Agrion} 
msi.culata.  Trans.  Amcr.  Ent.  Soc.  55:  425-448,  pi.  xvii.  (Key 
to  instars,  p.  446.) 

NUNNEY,  W.  H.  1894.  Larvae-nymphs  of  British  dragon- 
flies.  Science  Gossip  (n.  s.)  1  (4)  :  80-82,  3  figs.;  (5)  :  100- 
102,  figs.  1-5;  (6)  :  129-131,  figs.  7-15;  (7)  :  148-150,  figs.  16- 
26;  (8):  176-177.  (No  keys,  but  diagnostic  synopsis  of  30 
spp.,  pp.  176-177.) 

PETERSON,  ALVAH.  1939.  Keys  to  the  orders  of  immature 
stages  (exclusive  of  eggs  and  pronymphs)  of  North  American 
insects.  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amcr.  32  (2)  :  267-278.  (Keys  lead- 
ing to  Odonata,  pp.  268-270.) 

PULKKINEN,  A.  1927.  liber  die  Larven  einiger  Odonaten 
III.  Notulae  cntom.  7:  11-12.  (Keys  to  3  spp.  of  Leucor- 
rhinia  and  7  spp.  of  Sympetrum  of  Finland.) 

Ris,  F.  1909.  Die  Siisswasserfauna  Deutschlands.  Odonata. 
Jena.  Heft  9,  pp.  1-67,  79  figs.  (Keys  to  genera  and  some 
species,  pp.  44-65). 

ID.  1911.  Uebersicht  der  Mitteleuropaischen  Corduliinen- 
Larven.  Mitt.  Schivcis.  Ent.  Gcs.,  12  (2)  :  25-41.  3  figs.  (Key 
to  genera  and  some  species,  pp.  27-28). 

ID.  1920.  Ubersicht  der  Mitteleuropaischen  Lestes-Larven. 
Festschrift  Zschokke  No.  22,  14  pp.,  7  figs.,  Basel.  (Key  to 
6  spp.,  pp.  4-6). 

ID.  1921.  The  Odonata  or  Dragonflies  of  South  Africa. 
Ann.  S.  Afric.  Mus.  18  (3)  :  245-452,  pis.  v-xii,  6  figs.  (No 
S.  African  larvae,  except  that  of  Chlorolestcs,  are  described 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

or  figured,  but  the  more  striking  characters  of  Gomphine  (p. 
339),  Aeschnine  (p.  357),  Corduline  (p.  375)  and  Libelluline 
(pp.  383-4)  nymphs  are  given.) 

ROSTER,  DANTE  ALESSANDRO.  1885.  Contributo  all'ana- 
tomia  ed  alia  biologia  degli  Odonati.  Boll.  Soc.  Ent.  ltd.  17: 
256-268,  tav.  iii,  iv.  (Distinguishes  2  groups  of  Odonate  larvae: 
Caudobranchiati  and  Rectobranchiati,  p.  259.) 

ID.  1886.  Cenno  monografko  degli  Odonati  del  gruppo 
Ischnura.  Boll.  Soc.  Ent.  Ital.,  18:  239-258,  tav.  ii-vi.  (Dis- 
tinguishes two  species  of  Agrion,  pp.  241-245). 

ID.  1888.  Contributo  allo  studio  delle  forme  larvali  degli 
Odonati  Cenno  iconografico  delle  larve-ninfe  dei  caudobranch- 
iati.  Boll.  Soc.  Ent.  Ital,  20:  159-170,  tav.  i-iv.  (Distinguishes 
various  species  of  Agrionidae,  pp.  162-170). 

ROUSSEAU,  E.  1908.  Contributions  a  la  connaissance  des 
metamorphoses  des  Odonates  d'Europe.  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg. 
52:  272-291.  (Summary  of  characters  distinguishing  nymphs 
of  4  spp.  of  Sympctnnn,  p.  291.) 

ID.  1909.  fitude  monographique  des  larves  des  Odonates 
d'Europe.  Ann.  Biol.  Lacustrc.  3:  300-366,  47  figs.  (Vari- 
ous keys  to  genera  and  species). 

ID.  1921.  Les  larves  et  nymphs  aquatiques  des  insectes 
d'Europe,  Vol.  1.  Office  de  Publicite  Anc.  Etabliss  J.  Lebe- 
gue  &  Co.,  967  pp.  Brussels,  (Odonata — pp.  101-161,  Keys 
to  genera  and  some  spp.) 

SCHMIDT,  E.  1929.  Libellen,  Odonata.  In  Die  Ticrwclt 
Mittclciiropas.  Bd.  4,  Lief.  Ib,  pp.  1-66,  55  figs.  Leipzig,  Quelle 
£  Meyer.  (Tabulation  of  family  and  some  generic  characters, 
pp.  63-64,  fig.  55). 

ID.  1936.  Die  mitteleuropaischen  Aesclma-Larven  nach 
ihren  lezten  Hauten.  Deutsche  Ent.  Ztschr.  1936  (I/II)  :  53- 
73,  15  figs.  (Key  to  10  spp.  and  subspp.,  pp.  60-63.) 

ID.  1936.  Die  europaischen  Leucorrhinia-Larven,  analy- 
tisch  betrachtet.  Arch.  Naturgcs.  (N.  F.)  5  (2)  :  287-295,  9  figs. 
(Key  to  5  spp.,  p.  289.) 

ID.  1936.  Die  westpalaarktischen  Gomphiden-Larven  nach 
ihren  letzten  Hauten.  Scnckcnbcriiiana  18  (5/6)  :  270-282,  10 


96  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

figs.,  1  table.    (Key  to  11  spp,  pp.  274-277.) 

SEEMAN,  M.  T.  1927.  Dragonflies,  Mayflies  and  Stoneflies 
of  Southern  California.  Jour.  Eut.  and  ZooL,  19:  1-69,  figs., 
pis.  i-iv.  (Odonata — pp.  5-39,  figs.  Keys  to  genera  and  some 
spp.) 

TILLYARD,  R.  J.  1910.  Monograph  of  the  genus  Synthcmis. 
Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales  35  (2)  :  312-377,  pis"  iv-ix,  3 
figs.  (Table  of  differentials  of  nymphs  3  spp.  of  Synthemis,  1 
sp.  of  Metathemis,  1  sp.  of  Choristhemis,  p.  373.) 

ID.  1911.  On  the  genus  Cordulcphya.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N. 
S.  Wales  36  (2)  :  388-422,  pis.  xi,  xii.  (Larvae  of  2  spp.  de- 
scribed, compared  with  each  other,  p.  405,  and  with  other 
Corduline  larvae,  pp.  406-409.) 

ID.  1912.  On  the  genus  Diphlcbia,  with  descriptions  of 
new  species,  and  life-histories.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales 
36  (3)  :  584-604,  pis.  xix,  xx.  (Comparative  descriptions  of 
nymphs  of  D.  Icstoidcs  and  D.  nymphoides,  pp.  597-599.) 

ID.  1916.  Life-histories  and  descriptions  of  Australian 
Aeschninae  with  a  description  of  a  new  form  of  Tclcphlcbia 
by  Herbert  Campion.  Linn  Soc.  London  Jour.  Zool.  33:  1-83, 
4  figs.,  9  pis.  (Comparative  table  for  known  larvae,  p.  75.) 

ID.  1917.  The  biology  of  dragonflies.  Cambridge,  Univer- 
sity Press,  xii,  396  pp.,  (Contains  synopsis  of  nymphal  char- 
acters, pp.  259-280). 

ID.  1926.  The  Insects  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand. 
Angus  &  Robertson,  Ltd.,  Sydney,  Pp.  xv,  560,  many  figs.,  44 
pis.  (Characters  of  nymphs  of  many  subfamilies,  pp.  76-86.) 

TILLYARD,  R.  J.  and  FRASER,  F.  C.  1939.  A  reclassification 
of  the  order  Odonata.  Based  on  some  new  interpretations  of 
the  venation  of  the  dragonfly  wing.  By  R.  J.  Tillyard.  Con- 
tinuation thereof.  By  F.  C.  Fraser  Part  II.  Australian  Zool. 
9  (3)  :  195-221,  11  figs.  (Characters  of  larvae  of  families 
Amphipterygidae,  p.  204,  Chlorocyphidae,  p.  206,  Polythoridae, 
p.  208,  Epallagidae,  p.  210,  and  Agriidae,  p.  211.) 

TUMPEL,  R.  1901.  Die  Geradflugler  Mitteleuropas  Mit  20 
von  W.  Miiller  nach  der  Natur  gemalten  farbigen  und  3 
schwarzen  Tafeln  nebst  zahlreichen  [92]  Textabbildungen. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  97 

Eisenach,  M.  Wilckens.  Pp.   [2],  308.  (Diagnoses  of  the  spp. 
of  the  larvae  of  Odonata,  pp.  69-72.) 

ID.  1908.  (Same  title)  Neue  billige  Ausgabe  mit  einem 
Anhang:  Neuere  Beobachtungen.  Gotha  Friedrich  Emil 
Perthes.  Pp.  [4],  324,  96  textfigs.,  23  pis.  (Diagnoses  of  the 
spp.  of  larvae  of  Odonata,  pp.  69-72,  taf.  12.) 

WALKER,  E.  M.  1912.  North  American  dragonflies  of  the 
genus  Aeshna.  Univ.  Toronto  Studies,  Biol.  Scries  11  :  i-viii, 
1-213,  8  figs.,  28  pis.  (Key  to  species,  pp.  66-69.) 

ID.  1913.  New  nymphs  of  Canadian  Odonata.  Can.  Ent., 
45:  161-170,  pis.  i,  ii.  (Key  to  two  species  of  Boyeria  p.  164, 
comparisons  of  spp.  of  Nehalennia,  Enallagma,  Neurocorduha, 
Tctragoncuria,  Somatochlora,  Lcucorrhinia.) 

ID.  1914.  The  known  nymphs  of  the  Canadian  species  of 
Lestcs.  Can.  Ent.,  46:  189-200,  pis.  xiii,  xiv.  (Key  to  species 
pp.  190-191). 

ID.  1914.  New  and  little  known  nymphs  of  Canadian  Odo- 
nata. Can.  Ent.,  46:  349-356,  369-377,  pis.  xxiii,  xxv.  (Key 
to  two  species  of  Lestcs,  p.  349,  comparative  table  of  Aeshna 
palmata  and  umbrosa  p.  373.) 

ID.  1915.  Notes  on  the  Odonata  of  the  vicinity  of  Go  Home 
Bay,  Georgian  Bay,  Ontario.  Suppl.  47th  Ann.  Rep.  Dcpt. 
Marine  &  Fisheries,  Fish.  Branch  :  53-94,  pis.  iii-ix.  (  Many 
comparative  notes  on  nymphs,  key  to  Boyeria  2  spp..  p.  74.) 

ID.  1916.  The  nymphs  of  Enallagma  cyathigerum  and  E. 
cahcrti.  Can.  Ent.  48:  192-196,  pi.  ix. 

ID.  1916.  The  nymphs  of  the  North  American  species  of 
Lcucorrhinia.  Can.  Ent.,  48:  414-422,  pis.  xii.  xiii.  (Key  to 
6  spp.,  pp.  415-416). 

ID.  1917.  The  known  nymphs  of  the  North  American  species 
of  Sympctrum.  Can.  Ent.,  49:  409-418,  pis.  xix,  xx.  (Key  to 
species  pp.  410-413). 

ID.  1925.  The  North  American  dragonflies  of  the  genus 
Somatochlora.  Univ.  Toronto  Studies,  Biol.  Scries,  26:  1-202, 
17  figs.,  35  pis  (Key  to  species,  pp.  52-54). 

ID.  1928.  The  nymphs  of  the  Stylurus  group  of  the  genus 
Gomphus  with  notes  on  the  distribution  of  this  group  in 


98  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

Canada.  Can.  Ent.,  60:  79-88,  1  fig.,  pis.  1-3.  (Key  to  species, 
p.  81). 

IL>.  1932.  The  nymph  of  Complins  quadricolor  Walsh.  Can. 
Ent.  64:  270-273,  pi.  9. 

ID.  1933.  The  nymphs  of  the  Canadian  species  of  Ophio- 
gomphus.  Can.  Ent.  65  :  217-229,  pis.  11-14.  (Key  to  8  species, 
p.  219). 

ID.  1934.  The  nymphs  of  Aeschna  juncca  L.  and  sub- 
arctica  Wlk.  Can.  Ent.  66:  267-274,  2  figs.,  pis.  11,  12. 

ID.  1937.  A  new  Macroinia  from  British  Columbia  (Cordu- 
liidae).  Can.  Ent.  69:  5-13,  4  figs.,  pi.  1.  (Comparative  notes 
on  nymphs  of  2  spp.,  pp.  10-11.) 

WESENBERG-LUND,  C.  1913.  Odonaten  Studien.  Intern. 
Rev.  gesamt.  Hydrobiol.  u.  Hydrogr.  Leipzig,  6:  155-228,  373- 
422.  (Key  to  methods  of  oviposition,  p.  167). 

WILLIAMS,  F.  X.  1936.  Biological  studies  in  Hawaiian 
Water-Loving  Insects.  Part  II.  Order  Odonata  (Dragonflies 
and  Damselflies).  Proc.  Hawaiian  Ent.  Soc.  9:  (2)  273-349, 
pis.  vii-xviii,  10  figs.  (Key  to  species  of  Megalagrion  of  the 
Island  of  Oahu,  Hawaii,  pp.  347-348). 

WILLIAMSON,  E.  B.  1900.  The  dragonflies  of  Indiana,  24th 
Ann.  Rcpt.  Indiana  Dcpt.  Gcol.  and  Nat.  Resources,  pp.  (3), 
233-333,  1003-1011,  7  pis.  (Uses  Calvert's  1893  key  to  genera, 
pp.  244-246). 


Two  New  Texas  Buprestidae  (Coleoptera). 

By  JOSEF  N.  KNULL,  The  Ohio  State  University,  Columbus. 

Acmaeodera  gillespiensis  n.  sp. 

$  . — Slightly  more  robust  than  A.  obtusa  Horn.,  but  of 
same  general  form.  Head,  pronotum  and  ventral  surface 
bronze,  elytra  dark  blue  with  yellow  markings  as  follows :  basal 
three-fourths  of  sides  of  pronotum,  an  irregular  transverse 
basal  band  exclusive  of  umbone  and  scutellar  regions,  an  irreg- 
ular transverse  median  band,  also  one  on  apical  fourth  and  one 
at  apex,  none  of  bands  touching  suture. 

Head  with  slight  frontal  depression ;  surface  densely  coarsely 
punctured,  punctures  separated  by  fine  lines,  densely  pubescent ; 
antennae  reaching  to  middle  of  pronotum  when  laid  along  side, 
serrate  from  the  fifth  joint. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  99 

Pronotum  convex,  two  median  depressions  and  a  basal  de- 
pression each  side  ;  margins  entire,  not  visible  from  above  ;  wider 
at  base  than  in  front,  widest  in  middle  ;  sides  broadly  rounded  ; 
surface  densely  coarsely  punctured,  punctures  larger  than  on 
head,  a  transverse  basal  corrugated  stripe,  pubescence  dense. 
Scutellum  not  evident. 

Elytra  at  base  same  width  as  base  of  pronotum,  wider  than 
pronotum  just  back  of  base  which  is  widest  point;  sides  ex- 
panded back  of  base,  constricted  in  front  of  middle,  widened 
back  of  middle,  broadly  rounded  to  rounded  apices,  apical 
margins  serrate;  disk  somewhat  flattened,  with  depression  at 
scutellum,  first  and  third  costae  raised  ;  surface  deeply,  coarsely, 
densely  punctured,  punctures  arranged  in  rows,  separated  by 
less  than  their  own  diameters,  interspaces  with  finer  punctures, 
pubescence  not  dense. 

Abdomen  beneath  coarsely  densely  punctured,  pubescent,  last 
ventral  without  carina.  Prosternal  margin  straight,  not  reach- 
ing front  angles. 

Length  10.3  mm.  ;  width  4  mm. 

Holotypc  female  collected  in  Gillespie  County,  TEXAS,  June 
20,  1940,  by  D.  J.  and  J.  N.  Knull,  in  collection  of  writer. 

According  to  Fall's  key*  this  species  would  come  under  the 
truncate  group  and  should  stand  next  to  obtusa  Horn.  It  is 
distinguished  by  the  large  densely  placed  punctures  of  the  pro- 
notum, much  larger  punctures  of  elytra,  lack  of  carina  on  last 
ventral,  raised  third  costa  and  very  sinuate  elytral  margin  when 
viewed  from  the  side. 

Mr.   M.  A.  Cazier  kindly  compared  the  specimen  with  the 
type  of  A.  perforate,  Caz. 
Cinyra  roburella  n.  sp. 

$.  —  Larger  and  more  robust  than  C.  yracilipcs  (Melsh.), 
pronotum  and  elytra  dark  bron/.e,  head,  ventral  area  and  legs 
cupreous,  more  shining  than  above. 

Head1  convex,  a  median  line  extending  from  pronotum  one- 
third  down  front;  surface  rugose  on  front,  with  irregular 
smooth  callosities,  median  one  prominent,  vertex  finely  punc- 
tured, pubescent;  clypeus  deeply  cmarginate  ;  antennae  reaching 
to  extreme  hind  angles  of  pronotum  \vhcn  laid  along  side 
s,  scape  stout,  second  joint  twice  as  long  as  wide,  third 


*  H.  C.  Fall,  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  V.  7,  pp.  1-37,  1899. 


100  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

joint  longer  than  scape,  fourth  joint  longest,  following  joints 
decreasing  in  length,  joints  four  to  eleven  inclusive  flattened, 
serrate. 

Pronotum  broader  than  long,  widest  at  base,  constricted  at 
apex;  sides  broadly  rounded  in  front,  subparallel  at  base;  disk 
convex,  a  transverse  basal  depression,  faint  median  depression 
and  lateral  depression  on  each  side,  small  pit  in  front  of  scu- 
tellum ;  lateral  marginal  carina  extending  nearly  to  front ;  sur- 
face confluently  punctured,  punctures  larger  than  on  vertex, 
pubescence  lacking.  Scutellum  triangular,  concave,  glabrous. 

Elytra  wider  than  pronotum,  widest  back  of  middle ;  sides 
rounded  in  front,  constricted  at  middle,  broadly  rounded  pos- 
teriorly, apices  truncate ;  disk  convex,  with  irregular  depres- 
sions ;  surface  irregularly  costate,  densely  punctured,  punctures 
smaller  than  on  pronotum,  pubescence  very  short,  inconspicuous. 

Abdomen  beneath  densely  punctured,  pubescent ;  last  abdom- 
inal truncate,  outer  angles  produced.  Posterior  tarsi  shorter 
than  tibiae. 

Length  16.3  mm. ;  width  5.5  mm. 

9  . — Differs  from  male  by  antennae  reaching  just  past  middle 
of  pronotum. 

Holotype  male  collected  from  oak  in  the  Davis  Mountains, 
TEXAS,  July  4,  1936,  by  the  writer.  In  addition  to  the  holo- 
type,  allotype  and  paratypes  in  collection  of  the  writer  from  the 
same  locality  bearing  dates  June  13  to  Aug.  20,  collected  by  D. 
J.  and  J.  N.  Knull.  Paratype  labeled  Chisos  Mtns.,  Tex.  July 
17,  H.  A.  Wenzel,  in  the  Wenzel  Collection  at  The  Ohio  State 
University. 

This  species  should  stand  next  to  C.  gracilipcs  (Melsh.) 
according  to  Chamberlin's  key.**  However  it  differs  by  being 
more  robust,  dull,  and  having  a  convex  pronotum,  more  densely 
punctured  dorsal  surface  and  by  structure  of  the  male  genitalia. 

The  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  S.  Fisher  for  comparing 
the  species  with  the  Schaeffer  types. 


**  W.  J.  Chamberlin,  Ent.  News,  V.  31,  pp.  211-244,   1920. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  101 

A  Preliminary  List   of  the  Culicidae  of  Michigan 
Part  I.     Culicinae    (Diptera).* 

By  WILLIAM  H.  IRWIN. 

This  paper  presents  a  list  of  the  Culicidae,  subfamily  Culi- 
cinae, and  the  names  of  the  counties  of  Michigan  from  which 
the  author  has  records.  Previously  published  records  are  in- 
cluded. This  list  includes  18  species  new  for  the  state  and 
extends  the  knowledge  of  distribution  of  the  previously  reported 
species.  This  study  was  based  upon  a  total  collection  of  approxi- 
mately 33,000  specimens  of  which  about  15,000  are  larvae  and 
the  remainder  adults.  Six  hundred  thirty  specimens  were 
loaned  to  the  author  from  the  collections  of  the  Department  of 
Entomology,  Michigan  State  College,  by  Professor  E.  I.  Mc- 
Daniel.  Also  the  writer  had  the  privilege  of  examining  a 
collection  of  300  specimens  made  by  C.  W.  Sabrosky,  Michigan 
State  College,  and  another  of  about  80  specimens  made  by 
R.  R.  Dreisbach,  Midland,  Michigan.  All  others  were  collected 
by  the  writer.  Most  of  the  collections  by  the  author  were  made 
in  the  years  1935-1939.  Every  species  included  in  this  list  is 
represented  by  specimens  in  the  writer's  collection.  The  names 
used  are  those  employed  by  Edwards  (1932). 

1.  AEDES  ABORIGINIS  Dyar.      Five   females  collected   from 
Cheboygan  County. 

2.  AE.  AURIFER  (Coquillett).    Cheboygan  and  Emmet  Coun- 
ties.   Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

3.  AE.  CAMPESTRIS  Dyar  and  Knab.     One  female  collected 
by  R.  R.  Dreisbach  in  Midland  County,  1937. 

4.  AE.      CANADENSIS      (Theobald).      Algers,      Cheboygan, 
Emmet,    Genesee,    Luce,    Washtenaw,    Wayne    and    Wcxford 
Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

5.  AE.  CINEREUS  Meigen.     Cheboygan,  Crawford,  Emmet, 
Ingham,  Midland,  Presque  Isle,  and  Washtenaw  Counties. 

6.  AE.  COMMUNIS  (DeGeer).    Algers,  Cheboygan,  Emmet, 
Luce,  and  Washtenaw  Counties.     Also  reported  for  Michigan 
by  Matheson,   1924. 

*  Contribution    from    the    Biological    Station    and    the    Department    of 
Zoology,   University  of   Michigan. 


102  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

7.  A^E.   DIANTAEUS   Howard,   Dyar  and   Knab.    Cheboygan 
County. 

8.  AE.  EXCRUCIANS  (Walker).     Alpena,  Berrien,  Calhoun, 
Cheboygan,  Emmet,  Ingham,  Kent,  Keweenaw   (Isle  Royale), 
Lapeer,    Leelanau,    Livingston,    Luce,    Midland,    Tuscola,   and 
Washtenaw  Counties.     Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Mathe- 
son,  1924. 

9.  AE.  FITCHII    (Felt  and  Young).     Algers,  Alpena,  Ber- 
rien, Cheboygan,  Emmet,  Ingham,  Keweenaw    (Isle  Royale), 
Lapeer,  Livingston,   Luce,   Midland,   Montcalm,   Presque   Isle, 
Roscommon,  Tuscola,  Washtenaw,  and  Wayne  Counties.    Also 
reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

10.  AE.  FLAVESCENS   (Muller).     Cheboygan,  Ingham,  and 
Midland  Counties. 

11.  AE.  IMPIGER  (Walker).    Algers,  Cheboygan,  and  Wash- 
tenaw Counties. 

12.  AE.  IMPLACABILIS  (Walker).    Cheboygan  County. 

13.  AE.    INTRUDENS    Dyar.    Algers,    Cheboygan,    Emmet, 
Ingham,  Keweenaw   (Isle  Royale),  Luce,  Mackinac,  Midland, 
Presque  Isle,  Roscommon,  Washtenaw,  Wayne,  and  \Vexford 
Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

14.  AE.    LATERALIS    (Meigen).      Algers,    Cheboygan,    and 
Wayne  Counties. 

15.  AE.  PULLATUS  (Coquillett).     Cheboygan,  Midland,  and 
Roscommon  Counties. 

16.  AE.   FUNCTOR    (Kirby).      Algers,   Cheboygan,    Emmet, 
and  Luce  Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson, 
1924. 

17.  AE.    RIPARIUS    (Dyar    and    Knab).       Cheboygan    and 
Emmet  Counties. 

18.  AE.   SPENCERI    (Theobald).      Cheboygan   and   Ingham 
Counties. 

19.  AE.    STICTICUS    (Meigen).      Allegan,   Arenac,   Emmet, 
Luce,  and  Van  Buren  Counties.     Also  reported  for  Michigan 
by  Matheson,   1924. 

20.  AE.      STIMULANS      (Walker).      Calhoun,     Cheboygan, 
Emmet,  Ingham,  Kent,  Keweenaw  (Isle  Royale),  Lapeer,  Liv- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  103 

ingston,    Midland,    Washtenaw,    and   Wayne   Counties.      Also 
reported  for  Michigan  by  Pettit,  1903. 

21.  AE.  TRICHURUS    (Dyar).      Cheboygan,   Emmet,   Lake, 
Midland,   Oscola,   and   Roscommon   Counties.      Also   reported 
for  Michigan  by  Matheson,   1924. 

22.  AE.  TRISERIATUS  (Say).    One  specimen  collected  from 
Emmet  County. 

23.  AE.  VEXANS   (Meigen).     Alpena,  Berrien,  Cheboygan, 
Emmet,  Genesee,  Gratiot,  Ingham,  Kalamazoo,  Kent,  Washte- 
naw,   Wayne,    and    Wexford    Counties.       Also    reported    for 
Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

24.  ANOPHELES      MACULIPENNIS      Meigen.      Cheboygan, 
Emmet,  Genesee,  Ingham,  Kent,  Midland,  Presque  Isle,  Wash- 
tenaw,   Wayne,    and   Wexford   Counties.      Also   reported    for 
Michigan  by  Pettit,  1903. 

25.  AN.  PUNCTIPENNIS  (Say).    Cheboygan,  Emmet,  Gene- 
see,    Midland,    Montmorency,    Presque   Isle,    Washtenaw,    and 
Wexford  Counties.      Also   reported   for   Michigan  by   Pettit, 
1903. 

26.  AN.  QUADRIMACULATUS  Say.  Cheboygan,  Emmet,  Gene- 
see,  Ingham,  Montcalm,  and  Washtenaw  Counties. 

27.  AN.  WALKERI  Theobald.    Cheboygan,  Emmet,  Genesee, 
Ingham,  Kent,  and  Washtenaw  Counties.     Also  reported  for 
Michigan  by  Dyar,  1922. 

28.  CULEX  APICALIS  Adams.    Cheboygan,  Emmet,  Genesee, 
Ingham,  Wexford,  and  Van  Buren  Counties.     Also  reported 

for  Michigan  by  Jewell  and  Brown,  1929. 

29.  C.   PIPIENS   Linnaeus.      Cheboygan,    Emmet,   Genesee, 
Ingham,   Washtenaw,   \Vayne,   and  Wexford  Counties.      Also 
reported  for  Michigan  by  Pettit,  1903. 

30.  C.  PECCATOR  Dyar  and  Knab.     One  specimen  collected 
in  Ingham  County,  August,  1938,  by  E.  I.  McDaniel. 

31.  C.   SALINARIUS  Coquillett.      Cheboygan,   Genesee,   Ing- 
ham, and  Midland  Counties. 

32.  C.  TARSALIS  Coquillett.    Cheboygan  and  Emmet  Coun- 
ties. 

33.  C.  TERJiiTANS  Walker.     Cheboygan,   Emmet,   Genesee, 
Ingham,  St.  Joseph,  Washtenaw,  Wayne,  and  Wexford  Coun- 


104  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

ties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

34.  MANSONIA  PERTURBANS  (Walker).    Cheboygan,  Emmet, 
Mackinac,  and  Wexford  Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan 

by  Pettit,  1903. 

35.  PSOROPHORA    CILIATA    (Fabricius).       Ingham,    Kent, 

Livingston,  and  Wayne  Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan 
by  Pettit,  1903. 

36.  Ps.  FEROX  (Humboldt).   Collected  from  Ingham  County, 
1933.    Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Pettit,  1903. 

37.  THEOBALDIA  IMPATIENS  (Walker).    Cheboygan  County. 
Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Jewell  and  Brown,  1929. 

38.  TH.   INCIDENS    (Thomson).      Cheboygan   and    Emmet 
Counties. 

39.  TH.  INORNATA    (Williston).     Cheboygan,  Emmet,  and 
Genesee  Counties.     Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson, 
1924. 

40.  TH.  MELANURA  ( Coquillett ) .    Wexford  County. 

41.  TH.  MORSITANS  (Theobald).     Cheboygan,  Emmet,  and 
Washtenaw  Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Mathe- 
son, 1924. 

42.  URANOTAENIA  SAPPHIRINA   (Osten  Sacken).     Berrien, 
Cheboygan,  and  Ingham  Counties.    Also  reported  for  Michigan 
by  Pettit,  1903  and  recorded  for  Washtenaw  County  by  Hin- 
man,  1935. 

43.  WYEOMYIA  SMITHII   (Coquillett).     Cheboygan  County. 
Also  reported  for  Michigan  by  Matheson,  1924. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

BRADLEY,  G.  H.,  1936.  On  the  identification  of  mosquito 
larvae  of  the  genus  Anopheles  occurring  in  the  United  States. 
So.  Med.  Jour.,  29:  859-861. 

DYAR,  H.  G.,  1922.  The  mosquitoes  of  the  United  States. 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  62:  1-119. 

ID.  1928.  The  mosquitoes  of  the  Americas.  Carnegie  Inst. 
Wash.,  Pub.  no.  387.  616  pp.  Washington,  D.  C. 

EDWARDS,  F.  W.,  1931-1933.  Diptera,  Family  Culicidae.  In 
Wytsman's  Genera  Insectorum,  vol.  33,  fasc.  194,  258  pp. 


lii.    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  105 

HINMAN,  E.  HAROLD,  1935.  Biological  notes  on  Uranotaenia 
spp.  in  Louisiana  (Culicidae,  Diptera).  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am., 
28:  404-407. 

HOWARD,  L.  O.,  H.  G.  DYAR  and  F.  KNAB,  1912-1917.  The 
mosquitoes  of  North  and  Central  America  and  the  West  Indies. 
Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.,  vol.  1,  520  pp.;  vol.  2  (plates)  ;  vols.  3 
and  4,  1064  pp.  Washington,  D.  C. 

JEWELL,  MINNA  E.,  and  HAROLD  W.  BROWN,  1929.  Studies 
on  northern  Michigan  bog  Lakes.  Ecol.,  10:  427-475. 

KING,  W.  V.,  G.  H.  BRADLEY  and  T.  E.  McNEEL,  1939. 
The  mosquitoes  of  the  southeastern  States.  U.  S.  D.  A.,  Bu. 
Ent.  and  PI.  Quar.,  Misc.  Pub.  336,  90  pp. 

MATHESON,  ROBERT,  1924.  The  Culicidae  of  the  Douglas 
Lake  region  (Michigan).  Can.  Ent.,  56:  289-290. 

ID.  1929.  A  handbook  of  the  mosquitoes  of  North  America. 
Springfield,  III.  268  pp. 

PETTIT,  R.  H.,  1903.  Mosquitoes  and  other  insects  of  the 
year  1902.  Mich.  St.  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Ent.  Dept.,  Spec. 
Bull.  17,  pp.  1-12. 

TULLOCH,  GEORGE  S.,  1939.  A  key  to  the  mosquitoes  of 
Massachusetts.  Psyche,  46;  113-136. 


Notes  on  the  Nearctic  Geosarginae 
(Diptera:  Stratiomyiidae). 

By  MAURICE  T.  JAMES,  Colorado  State  College,  Fort  Collins. 

In  a  previous  paper1  I  published  an  account  of  the  Nearctic 
Geosarginae  which,  in  the  light  of  further  study  and  with  the 
accumulation  of  additional  information,  is  in  need  of  revision. 
The  present  paper  attempts  to  bring  this  review  up  to  date. 
Revised  Key  to  the  Genera. 

1.  Scutellum  spined — Nothomyia   (belongs  to  Stratiomyinae). 

Scutellum  unspined    (Geosarginae)    

2.  Second  segment  of  antennae  produced  into  third  in  a  finger- 

like  process,  especially  visible  on  inner  side,  Ptecticus 

1  Canad.  Ent.,  47,  pp.  267-275,   1935. 


106  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

Second  segment  of  antennae  sometimes  convex,  but  not 
produced  into  a  finger-like  process 3 

3.  Eyes  densely  and  conspicuously  pilose Chloromyia 

Eyes  bare   4 

4.  Anterior  ocellus  remote  from  other  two  by  a  distance  much 

greater  than  length  of  base  of  ocellar  triangle  (ex- 
cept in  G.  perpulcher)  ;  distance  from  r-m  to  origin  of 

R2+s  greater  than  length  of  r-m Gcosargus 

Ocelli  approximately  equidistant  from  each  other 5 

5.  Abdomen    relatively    short    and    broad,    much    wider    than 

thorax  and  (excluding  segment  five)  no  longer  than 
broad ;  eyes  of  male  contiguous,  divided  into  definite 
zones  of  different  sized  facets ;  distance  from  r-m  to 

origin  of  R^+s  greater  than  length  of  r-m 6 

Abdomen  barely,  if  any,  wider  than  thorax,  and  two  to 
three  times  as  long  as  wide ;  eyes  in  both  sexes  sepa- 
rated and  not  divided  into  zones  of  different  sized 
facets ;  origin  of  RS+S,  in  American  species  known  to 
me,  before,  at,  or  but  slightly  beyond  r-m 7 

6.  Discal  cell  small ;  posterior  veins  weak,  evanescent  toward 

wing  margin ;  anal  cell  as  broad  as  combined  basal 

cells    Microchrysa 

Discal  cell  of  usual  size;  posterior  veins  evident  to  wing 
margin ;  discal  cell  wider  than  basal  cells  individually, 
about  two-thirds  their  combined  width, 

Cephalochrysa2 

7.  Lower  squama  with  a  strap-like  projection  (Neotropical  and 

Old  World)     Chrysochroma 

Lower  squama  without  such  a  projection  (Nearctic  and 

Neotropical )     Merosargns 

Ptecticus  trivittatus  melanopus,  ssp.  nov. 

In  all  respects  a  typical  P.  trivittatus,  except  that  the  tarsi 
and  the  apical  two-thirds  of  the  hind  tibiae  are  black,  the  front 
and  middle  tibiae  are  blackish  anteriorly  on  the  apical  two- 
fifths  ;  and  each  antenna  bears  on  the  inner  side  of  the  third 
segment  a  pair  of  black  spots,  one  near  the  base  of  the  arista, 
the  other  at  the  opposite  apical  corner. 

2  See  Ent.  News,  50,  p.  218,  1939. 


lii,    '41]  KXTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  107 

Holotype,  $  ,  Columbus,  OHIO,  Sept.  1,  1939  (J.  Enke) 
Ohio  State  University  collection. 

CHLOROMYIA  FORMOSA  Scopoli.    Two  males,  Rochester,  New 
York,  July   16,   1939   (Amer.   AIus.  Nat.  Hist.).     This  is  the 
first  record  in  America  of  this  common  Palaearctic  species. 
GEOSARGUS  LUCENS  Loew. 

Sargus  luccns  Loew,  1866,  Cent.,  VII,  11  (  $  ). 
Sargus  tricolor  Loew,  1866,  Cent.,  VII,  12.  (  9  ). 
Macrosargns  chivis  Williston,  1895,  Canad.  Ent.,  17:  123 

.(*'.;*)• 

A  widely  distributed  and  somewhat  variable  species.  I  have 
seen  a  female  from  Clarksville,  Tennessee,  which  agrees  with 
the  form  described  as  tricolor,  but  I  believe  this  is  merely  a 
color  variation. 

MICROCHRYSA  POLiTA  L.  and  M.  FLAVICORNIS  Meig.  are 
both  widely  distributed  throughout  the  United  States,  but  evi- 
dently neither  is  of  common  occurrence. 

CEPHALOCHRYSA  Kertesz.  To  this  genus  belong  the  four 
species  which  in  my  previous  paper  I  assigned  to  Isosargus. 

MEROSARGUS  CAERULIFRONS  Johnson.    This  species,  formerly 

placed  in  Gcosargus,  is  a  true  Merosargus. 
Merosargus  beamed,  n.  sp. 

$  .  Head  black,  with  a  green  cast,  especially  on  the  face ; 
the  vertex,  post-vertical  area,  and  middle  of  front  as  far  as  the 
frontal  calli,  however,  metallic  green ;  frontal  calli  ivory  white, 
subinterrupted ;  black  areas  of  front  densely  punctured.  Front 
broadest  below ;  ratio  of  vertex  on  posterior  margin,  front  an- 
terior to  unpaired  ocellus,  and  front  at  calli,  11 :  9:11.  Pile  on 
upper  part  of  front  black  and  brownish-yellow  intermixed,  on 
lower  part  of  front  and  face  short,  black;  on  cheeks,  longer, 
yellow.  Antennae  brownish-yellow,  their  pile  black;  arista  at 
base  somewhat  more  blackish,  thickened,  and  black-haired;  seg- 
ments subequal  in  length. 

Thorax,  except  a  slender  notopleural  margin,  wholly  metallic 
green,  the  dorsum,  however,  especially  behind  the  suture  and 
on  the  scutellum  and  metascutellum  with  a  decided  violet  cast ; 
dorsum  with  short,  inconspicuous,  erect,  black  pile  and  with 
longer,  rather  conspicuous,  appressed  yellow  pile;  pile  elsewhere 
white,  except  on  the  metanotal  slopes,  where  there  is  some  long 
black  pile  intermixed  with  the  more  abundant  white. 


108  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

Legs  yellow,  except  the  last  two  or  three  segments  of  the 
front  and  hind  tarsi,  the  apical  three-fifths  of  the  hind  tibiae, 
and  the  apical  three-fourths  of  the  hind  femora  (especially 
above)  ;  pile  in  general  black  on  black  areas  and  also  on  apical 
segments  of  middle  tarsi,  otherwise  yellow. 

Halteres  yellow,  somewhat  darkened  on  knob.  Wings  hya- 
line ;  veins  brown,  almost  black  in  places ;  R2+3  arising  slightly 
beyond  r-m,  converging  somewhat  toward  RI  but  ending  inde- 
pendently of  it. 

Abdomen  widening  gradually  to  apex  of  fourth  segment ; 
length  almost  three  times  maximum  width ;  color  metallic  green 
with  violet  reflections,  unmarked  with  yellow  except  narrow 
base  of  second  and  narrow  apex  of  fourth  segments  of  venter, 
and  genitalia,  the  latter  wholly  bright  yellow ;  pile  short,  black, 
inconspicuous ;  the  basal  three  segments,  and  to  a  much  less 
extent  the  fourth  and  base  of  the  fifth  segments,  have,  in  addi- 
tion, on  the'  sides  of  the  terga  a  long,  pale  yellow  pile  which 
greatly  obscures  the  black.  Length,  8.5  mm. 

Holo,,ype,  $  ,  Baboquivari  Mountains,  ARIZONA,  July  19, 
1932  (R.  H.  Beamer).  Snow  Entomological  Collection,  Uni- 
versity of  Kansas. 

Runs  in  Curran's  key  (Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  534,  p.  1-2)  to 
cingulatus  Schiner ;  but  the  lack  of  extensive  yellow  markings 
will  readily  distinguish  it  from  cingulatus,  the  described  Mexi- 
can species  not  included  in  Curran's  key,  and,  indeed,  from 
most  other  described  species  of  the  genus.  M.  cacrulifrons, 
which  also  has  the  unicolorous  abdomen,  may  at  once  be  dis- 
tinguished by  its  yellow  pleura. 


Henry  Clinton  Fall  Memorial  Publication  Fund. 

The  Pacific  Coast  Entomological  Society  has  recently  received 
a  gift  of  securities  valued  at  $1000.  from  the  estate  of  the  late 
H.  C.  Fall,  to  be  known  as  the  Henry  Clinton  Fall  Memorial 
Publication  Fund,  according  to  the  January  issue  of  the  Pan- 
Pacific  Entomologist. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  109 

A  note  on  Noctuid  larvae  found  in  Ant's  Nests 
(Lepidoptera;  Hymenoptera:  Formicidae). 

A  collection  of  a  part  of  a  colony  of  Formica  ntfa  obscuripes 
Forel,  together  with  some  of  the  material  of  the  nest  was  made 
at  Seattle,  \Va.4iington,  in  March,  1939.  This  material,  includ- 
ing the  ants,  was  placed  in  an  observation  nest  in  the  laboratory 
and  kept  for  two  months.  The  ants  were  given  generous 
amounts  of  honey  and  water,  as  well  as  bits  of  insects  for  food. 
During  this  time  6  female  and  4  male  moths  emerged  from 
pupal  cases  in  the  rubble  of  the  nest.  Examination  of  the  nest 
material  revealed  1-?  pupal  cases  still  occupied,  and  8  larvae  not 
yet  pupated.  The  pupal  cases  of  the  moths  were  made  from 
fragments  of  the  nest — straw,  leaves,  etc.,  held  loosely  together 
by  silk.  When  a  newly  emerged  moth  alighted  in  the  nest  a 
passing  ant  would  attack  it,  but  the  numerous  larvae  and  pupae 
were  undisturbed  by  the  ants. 

Noctuids  of  the  genus  Epizcuxis  are  known  to  lay  eggs  in 
decaying  leaves  (Holland,  W.  J.  "The  Moth  Book"  1937)  and 
other  forest  detritus.  C.  V.  Riley  (Amer.  Naturalist ;  vol.  17, 
1883  also  Insect  Life;  vol.  4,  1892)  reports  the  common  occur- 
rence of  the  larvae  of  E.  aincricalis  Guenee  in  nests  of  /;.  ru(a. 
Wheeler  (Ants,  1910)  describes  the  caterpillars  as  neutral 
synoeketes,  obtaining  their  food  as  scavengers  in  the  middens 
of  the  nests. 

It  is  remarkable,  however,  that  the  adults  of  these  moths 
which  are  evidently  subject  to  attack  by  the  ants,  would  have 
an  opportunity  to  oviposit  on  an  ant  mound. 

Several  of  the  moths  which  emerged  in  the  laboratory  were 
sent  to  Prof.  Wm.  T.  M.  Forbes,  who  confirms  my  identifica- 
tion in  saying  that  these  are  probably  a  pale  western  race  of 
Epizcu.vis  amcricalis  Guenee. — FALCONER  SMITH,  B-258  Bio- 
logical Laboratory,  Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


War  Damage  to  Entomology. 

An  identical  note  in  the  January,  1941,  issues  of  the 
Entomologists'  Monthly  Magazine  and  The  Entomologist, 
London,  states  that  "Owing  to  enemy  action  almost  the  whole 
of  the  archives  of  the  Society  for  British  Entomology  and 
practically  the  whole  of  the  stock  of  back  numbers  of  Trans- 
actions and  Journal  have  been  completely  destroyed,  including 
the  current  list  of  names  and  addresses  of  members."  Our 
sympathy  to  our  British  colleagues. 


110  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   V.   S.    L.    PATE,    L.   S.    MACKEY   and   J.    W.   CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k) ; 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
In  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Goodnight,  C.  J.— Insects  taken  by  the 
southern  pitcher  plant.  [Trans.  111.  State  Acad.  Sci.]  33: 
213.  Hayes,  W.  P. — Some  recent  works  on  the  classifica- 
tion of  immature  insects.  [103]  14:  3-11.  Lutz,  Adolpho. — 
Obituary  with  portrait  by  T.  Borgmeier.  [105]  11:  963-966. 
McColloch,  James  Walker. — Obituary  by  G.  A.  Dean. 
[103]  14:  1-2.  Murphy,  M. — Household  Insects.  [Georgia 
Dept.  Ent.]  Bull.  21:  1-39,  ill.  Needham.  J.  G.— Insects 
from  the  seed  pods  of  the  primrose  willow,  Jussiaea  angus- 
tifolia.  [10]  43:  2-6,  ill.  Pinto,  C.— (See  under  Diptera). 
Plaumann,  F. — Ueber  das  Sammeln  im  brasilianischen  Ur- 
wald.  [105]  11:  908-920.  Shelford  &  Twomey.— Tundra 
animal  communities  in  the  vicinity  of  Churchill,  Manitoba. 
[84]  22:  47-69.  ill.  Smart,  J.— Notes  on  the  localities  [in 
British  Guiana  and  Trinidad]  from  which  the  Ceratopo- 
gonidae  mentioned  in  Dr.  Macfie's  paper  were  taken.  [107] 
A,  9:  194-195.  Smart,  J.,  et  al. — Instructions  for  Collectors. 
No.  4a.  Insects,  vi  -f-  164  pp.,  ill.  London,  British  Mus. 
(Nat.  Hist.).  Spencer,  J.  G. — The  control  of  human  lice 
under  war  conditions.  [4]  73 :  20.  Travassos,  L.,  et  al.— 
Relatorio  da  excursao  cientifica  do  Institute  Oswaldo  Cruz 
realizada  na  zona  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  Noroeste  do  Brasil, 
em  outubro  de  1938.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  208-315, 
ill. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  111 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— de  Beaumont,  J. 

— Le   determinisme   des   metamorphoses   chez   les    Insectes 
(Hormones   de   metamorphose).    [41]    18:   49-57.      Bolwig, 
N. — The  reproductive  organs  of  Scatophila  unicornis  (Dip- 
tera).    [107]    A,    15:    97-102,    ill.      Bouvier,    G.— Note    sur 
1'Armature    genitale    des    Tabanides.     [41]     18:    57-61,    ill. 
Burt,  E.  T. — A  filter-feeding-  mechanism  in  a  larva  of  the 
Chironomidae   (Diptera).    [107]    A,   15:   113-121,  ill.     Cope, 
O.  B. — The  morphology  of  Esthiopterum  diomedeae  (Mal- 
lophaga).  [117]  5:  117-142,  ill.    Eltringham,  H.— The  larval 
gland  in  Lachnocnema  bibulus  (Lepidoptera :  Lycaenidae). 
[36]  90:  452-453.  ill.     Fox,  I.— The  Siphonapteran  thorax. 
[10]   43:  6-10,  ill.     Fraser,  F.  C. — A  comparative  study  of 
the  penes   of  the  family   Gomphidae    (Odonata).    [36]    90: 
541-550,    ill.      Mitchell,'  R.    T.— The    alimentary    tract    of 
Vespula   maculifrons    (Hymen.:   Vespid.).    [43]    41:   29-38, 
ill.    Pereira,  C. — Sobre  a  diafanizacao  dos  artropodos.  [105] 
11:  642-644.    Pickel,  D.  B. — Dermatite  purulenta  produzida 
por  duas  especies  de  Paederus   (Col.:  Staphylinid.).    [105] 
11:  775-793.    Pickles,  W. — Fluctuations  in  the  populations, 
weights  and  biomasses  of  ants  at  Thornhill,  Yorkshire,  from 
1935-1939.  [36]  90:  467-485.    Salt,  G.— Experimental  studies 
in  insect  parasitism.    VII:  The  effects  of  different  hosts  on 
the  parasite  Trichogramma  evanescens  (Hymen.  Chalcid.) 
[107]   A,  15:  81-95,  ill.     Stahel  &  Geijskes.— Observations 
about   temperature   and   moisture   in   Atta   nests    (Hymen : 
Formicidae).  [105]   11:  766-775,  ill.     Stanley,  J.— A  mathe- 
matical theory  of  the  growth   of  populations   of  the  flour 
beetle  Tribolium  confusum.  IV:  A  modified  theory  descrip- 
tive  of   the   relations   between   the   limiting-  value   of   eg-g- 
populations  in  the  absence  of  hatching,  and  the  volume  (or 
weight)    of  flour   used   in   the   culture.    [84]    22:   23-37,   ill. 
Wright,    G. — Observations    on    the    fertility    of    the    black 
widow  spider.  [Trans.  111.  State  Acad.  Scl]  33:  225. 

ARACHNIDA    AND    MYRIOPODA.— Buecherl,   W.- 

Dois  novos  quilopodos  do  subgenero  Parotostigmus,  da 
colecao  do  Institute  Butantan.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939)  : 
444_447;  in.  Chamberlin  &  Ivie. — Spiders  collected  by  L. 
W.  Savior  and  others,  mostly  in  California.  [Bull.  Univ. 
Utah]  31:  49  pp.,  ill.  Heriot/A.  D.— A  new  chararlcr  dis- 
tinguishing Tetranychus  pacificus  from  T.  telarius. 
rina).  [4]  73:  1,  ill.  Jones,  S.  E.— An  annotated  lisl  of 
the  spiders  of  an  east  central  Illinois  fon^t  (Wm.  Trelease 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

Woods,  University  of  Illinois).  [Trans.  111.  State  Acad. 
Sci.]  33:  216-220.  Knight,  K.  J. — Illinois  distribution  rec- 
ords of  the  black  widow  spider.  [Trans.  111.  State  Acad. 
Sci.]  33:  214-215,  ill.  de  Mello-Leitao,  C. — Dois  generos  e 
sete  especies  de  Gonileptidas  sulamericanos.  [Bol.  Biol., 
Brasil]  4  (1939):  345-351.  ill.  Opilioes  coligidos  pelo  Dr. 
Henry  Leonardos  no  xingu.  [Bol.  Biol..  Brasil]  4  (1939)  : 
352-357,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Arle,  R.- 

Novas  especies  de  Pseudachorutini  do  Rio  de  Janeiro  e 
Arredores.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  67-72,  ill.  Berner, 
L.— Baetine  mayflies  from  Florida.  [39]  23:  33-45;  49-62, 
ill.  (*).  Fryer  &  Edelsten. — Psectra  diptera  (Neuroptera: 
Hemerobiiclae)  at  Woodwalton  Fen,  Hunts.  [8]  76:271. 
Ross,  H.  H. — N.  spp.  of  Trichoptera  from  Canada  and 
northern  United  States.  [4]  73:  15-19,  ill.  Tillyard,  R.  J. 
—A  reclassification  of  the  order  Odonata,  based  on  some 
new  interpretations  of  the  venation  of  the  drag'onfly  wing. 
Part  III.  Suborder  Anisozygoptera.  [Australian  Zool.]  9: 
359-396,  ill.  (*k).  Werneck,  F.  L.— Notas  sobre  anopluros. 
[105]  11:  722-729,  ill.  (S*). 

ORTHOPTERA.— Burks,  B.  D.— (see  Hymenoptera). 
Rehn,  J.  W.  H. — A  new  genus  of  mellierid  mantid  from 
Venezuela  (Manteidae).  [Notulae  Naturae]  No.  70:  4  pp., 
ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Balduf,  W.  F.— Ambush  bug  studies. 
A  summary.  [Trans  111.  State  Acad.  Sci.]  33^  206-208. 
Beamer,  R.  H. — Two  n.  sp.  of  Erythroneura  (Cicadell.). 
[103]  14:  18-19.  Compere,  H. — Parasites  of  the  black  scale, 
Saissetia  oleae,  in  Africa.  [Hilgardia]  13:  387-425,  ill.  da 
Costa  Lima,  A. — Especies  de  Pseudococcus  observadas  no 
Brasil.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  1-10.  ill.  Curtiss,  C.- 
The  alfafa  plant  bug,  Adelphocoris  lineolatus,  found  in 
Kansas.  [103]  14:  25-26.  Lent  &  Pifano. — Sobre  a  identi- 
dade  dos  generos  Panstrongylus  Berg.  1879  e  Mestor  Kirk- 
aldy,  1904.  Redescricao  de  Panstrongylus  rufotuberculatus 
encontrado,  na  Venezuela,  naturalmente  infestado  pelo 
Schizotrypanum  cruzi.  [105]  11:  629-639,  ill.  (S).  Lent  & 
Viana  Martins. — Estudos  sobre  os  Triatomideos  do  Estado 
de  Minas  Geraes,  com  descricao  de  uma  especie  nova.  [105] 
11:  877-886,  ill.  Mendes,  L.  O.  T. — Dysdercus  da  coleqao 
da  escola  nacional  de  Agronomia.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  113 

(1939)  :  98.  Monte,  O.— Sphaerocysta  brasiliensis  (Ting- 
itid.).  fBol.  Biol..  Brasil]  4  (1939):  516-518,  ill.  Sailer, 
R.  I. — Additional  notes  on  Galgupha  loboprostethia  (Thy- 
reocorinae).  [103]  14:  19.  Usinger,  R.  L. — A  n.  sp.  of 
Aradus  from  Brazil.  [105]  11:  639-642,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bourquin,  F.— Contribution  al  es- 
tudio  de  la  metamorfosis  de  los  lepidopteros  argentinos. 
[105]  11:  809-820,  ill.  Davenport,  D.— The  butterflies  of 
the  Satyrid  genus  Coenonympha.  [Bull.  M.  C.  Z.]  87:  215- 
349,  ill.  (b*).  Ferreira  d' Almeida,  R. — Contribuicao  ao 
estudo  dos  Mechanitidae.  [105]  11:  758-766,  ill.  (S*). 
Revisao  do  genero  Appias  (subgen.  Glutophrissa).  [Bol. 
Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939)  :  50-66,  ill.  Revisao  do  genero  Aph- 
rissa.  (Pierid.).  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  423-443.  ill. 
de  Figueiredo,  E.  R.,  Jr. — Notas  sobre  a  Thridia  themisto 
Huebn..  1823,  praga  do  manaca  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4 
(1939)  :  512-515.  ill.  Hayward,  K.  J.— N.  sp.  of  Neotropical 
Hesperiidae  from  Ecuador.  |105]  11:  861-877,  ill.  Jordan, 
K. — Results  of  the  Oxford  University  Biological  Expedi- 
tion to  the  Cayman  Islands.  1938:  Sphingidae.  [8]  76:  275- 
277.  Kaye,  W.  J. — Additions  and  corrections  to  the  re- 
corded species  of  Trinidad  butterflies.  [36]  90:  551-573. 
Santos,  N. — Contribuiqa  ao  conhecimento  dos  Euchromi- 
idae.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  87-97,  ill.  Stallings,  D. 
B. — New  records  of  Lepidoptera  for  Sumner  Co.,  Kansas. 
[103]  14:  16.  New  records  of  butterflies  for  Kansas,  [103] 
14:  21.  A  freak  butterfly.  [103]  14:  26.  Stephan,  J.- 
Clothilda (Rhopal.).  [18]  "54:  181-184,  (S).  Travassos,  L. 
—Contribuicao  ao  conhecimento  dos  Adelocephalidae.  [105] 
11:  682-690.  ill.  (*).  Contribuicao  para  o  conhecimento  dos 
Euchromiidae.  V.  Genero  Isanthrene.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil] 
4  (1939):  454-472.  ill. 

DIPTERA.— Aitken,  T.  H.  G.— The  gen.  Psorophora  in 
California  (Culicidae).  [105]  11:  672-682,  ill.  Alexander, 
C.  P. — Further  observations  on  the  Psvchodid  subfam. 
Bruchomyinae.  [105]  11:  793-799,  ill.  (kS*).  Records  and 
descriptions  of  Tipulidae  from  tropical  America.  Pt.  3. 
[105]  11:  894-908.  ill.  Antimes  &  Coutinho.— N.»t;^  sr.brc 
Elebotomos  Sul-Americanos.  Descricao  de  Flebotomus 
\\hitmani  n.  sp.  e  da  armadura  bucal  de  algumas  especies. 
[Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil  1  4  (1939):  448-453,  ill.  Antunes  & 
Ramos. — Culex  ( Carmllirt1)  iridrscens.  boiinei  e  soju-ri 
(Culicid.).  [Bol.  Biol.,  Mrnsil|  -I  (1939):  3713X5.  ill. 


114  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

Bouvier,  G. — See  under  Anatomy.  Callan,  E.  McC. — The. 
gall  midges  (Cecidomyidae)  of  the  West  Indies.  [105]  11: 
730-758.  Coutinho,  J.  O. — Nota  sobre  Flebotomos  sul- 
americanos.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  181-183,  ill. 
Fairchild,  G.  B. — Notes  on  Tabanidae  from  Panama.  1 : 
The  genera  Chlorotabanus  and  Cryptotylus.  [105]  11:  713- 
722.  ill.  (k).  da  Fonseca,  F. — Nova  especie  de  Oricuterebra 
do  Brasil  (Oestridae).  [105]  11:  662-671,  ill.  (k).  da  Fon- 
seca &  Ramos. — Shannonesia  nov.  nom.  (Culicidae).  [105] 
11:  966.  James,  M.  T. — The  robber  flies  (Asilidae)  of 
Colorado.  [103]  14:  27-36,  (k*).  Lane,  J.— Non-hemato- 
phagous  Culicidae  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  386-393, 
ill.  Notes  on  non-hematophagous  Culicidae.  [Bol.  Biol., 
Brasil]  4  (1939):  99-113,  ill.  Lane  &  Porto.— Simulideos 
da  regiao  neotropica  o  genero  Eusimulium.  [Bol.  Biol., 
Brasil]  4  (1939)  :  168-176,  ill.  de  Leon,  J.  R.— La  forma- 
cion  de  razas  en  los  Anopheles  guatemaltecos.  [121]  1: 
349-352,  ill.  Lopez,  H.  de  Souza. — Contribuicao  ao  con- 
hecimento  do  genero  Udamopyga  e  de  outros  Sarcophagi- 
deos  que  vivem  em  molluscos  no  Brasil.  [105]  11:  924-954, 
ill.  (k*).  Macfie,  J.  W.  S. — Ceratopogonidae  from  British 
Guiana  and  Trinidad.  [107]  A,  9:  179-194,  ill.  (*)  1.  For- 
cipomyia  furcifera  sp.  n.  (Ceratopogonidae).  [105]  11:  920- 
922,  ill.  Morrison,  F.  O. — A  study  of  the  male  genitalia  in 
calyptrate  Diptera,  based  on  the  genus  Gonia  (Tachinidae). 
[Canadian  Jour.  Res.]  19:  (Sec.  D)  :  1-21,  ill.  Needham, 
J.  G. — See  under  general.  Ouellet,  J. — Un  nouveau  Diptere 
du  genre  Enicita  (Sepsidae).  [98]  67:  225-228,  ill.  Pechu- 
man,  L.  L. — A  new  Chrysops  from  Brazil  (Tabanidae). 
[105]  11:  886-888,  ill.  Philip  C.  B.— Comments  on  the 
supra-specific  categories  of  Nearctic  Tabanidae.  [4]  73 :  2- 
14,  (k*).  Pinto,  C. — Disseminacao  da  malaria  pela  avia- 
cao;  biologia  do  Anopheles  gambiae  no  Brasil.  [Bol.  Biol.. 
Brasil]  4  (1939):  196-207,  ill.  Porto,  C.  E.— Simulideos  da 
regiao  neotropica  (gen.  Simulium).  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil] 
4  (1939):  369-373,  ill.  Shaw,  F.— Some  new  Mycetophili- 
dae  from  Costa  Rica,  Pt.  1.  [105]  11:  803-808.  ill.  Town- 
send,  C.  H.  T.— New  Oestrid  flies  from  Brazil.  [105]  11: 
889-894. 

COLEOPTERA. — Balfour-Browne  &  Balfour-Browne.- 

An    outline    of    the    habits    of    the    water-beetle,    Noterus 
capricornis.      [107]    A,    15:    105-112,    ill.     Beaulne,   J.-L.- 
Contribution   a  1'etude   des   Coleopteres   du   Canada^    Fam. 


Ill,     '41  I  KXTO.MOLOGICAL    NEWS  115 

Haliplidae  &  Monotomidae.  [98]  67:  303-306,  (k).  Bon- 
dar,  G. — Notas  entomologicas  da  Bahia,  VI.  [105J  11:  842- 
861,  (*).  Boyer,  L.  B. — A  review  of  Hoplia  surata  Bates, 
a  Central  American  Melolonthid  (Scarab.).  [105]  11: 
922-924.  Denier,  P.  C.  L. — Description  de  Lytta  neivai  n. 
sp.  du  Bresil  et  notes  sur  quelques  Lytta  de  l'Amerique 
du  Sud  (Meloidae).  [105]  11:  799-802.  Fournier,  O.- 
Tricrania  sanguinipennis  (Meloidae)  esp.  nouv.  pour  la 
faune  du  Quebec.  [98]  67:  311.  Green,  J.  W.— Taxo. 
nomic  studies  in  Cantharis  (Cantharid.).  [70]  20:  159-214. 
ill.  (k*).  An  apterous  female  Photinus  (Lampyrid.).  [103] 
14:  17-18,  ill.  Hustache,  A. — Curculionides  nouveaux  du 
Bresil.  [105]  11:  690-713.  Lane,  F.— Describes  de  Longi- 
cornios  neotropicos.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939):  73 
Notas  sobre  Lamiideos  neotropicos.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4 
(1939):  473-479,  ill.  Marshall,  G.  A.  K.— New  Brazilian 
Curculionidae.  [105]  11:  645-662.  Pereira,  F.  S.— Duas 
especies  novas  de  Passalidios.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Brasil]  4  (1939)  : 
79-81.  Pickel,  D.  B.— See  under  Anatomy.  Powell,  E.  F. 
-Relationships  within  the  family  Chrysomelidae  as  indi- 
cated by  the  male  genitalia  of  certain  species.  [119]  25: 
148-195,  ill.  Wittmer,  W. — Erster  Beitrag  ztir  Kenntnis 
der  neotropischen  Malacodermata.  [105]  11:  820-821,  (*) 

HYMENOPTERA.— Araujo,  R.  L.— Contribuicao  para 
o  conhecimento  do  genero  Editha  (Bembicid.).  [Bol.  Biol., 
Brasil]  4  (1939)  :  505-511.  Bequaert,  J.— Synopsis  of  Mon- 
obia,  an  American  genus  of  solitary  wasps.  [105]  11:  822- 
842,  ill.  (k*).  Burks,  B.  D. — The  host  of  another  Illinois 
species  of  Brachymeria.  [Trans.  111.  State  Acad.  Sci.]  33: 
208.  Fernald,  H.  T. — A  probable  color  dimorphism  in 
Chlorion  habcnum  (Sphecidae).  [39]  23:  45-46.  Gahan, 
A.  B. — Note  on  a  Puerto  Rican  sp.  of  Eulophidae(  Chal- 
cid.).  [10]  43:  1-2.  Morley,  B.  D.  W.— An  artificially  pro- 
duced multiple  mixed  colony  of  ants.  1 107]  A.  15:  103-104. 
Needham,  J.  G. — See  under  General.  Salt,  G. — See  under 
.Anatomy.  Snodgrass,  R.  E. — The  male  genitalia  of  Hy- 
menoptera.  [Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.]  99:  86  pp.,  ill.  Stahel  & 
Geijskes. — See  under  Anatomy. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. — Adaptive  Coloration  in  Animals. 
By    Cott,    H.    B.,    xxxii    +    508    pp.,    ill.    Methuen    &    Co., 
London.     Insetos  do  Brasil.  By  da  Costa  Lima,  A.,  vol. 
Hemipteros.  351  pp.  Rio  de  Janeiro.     New  Systematics.  By 
Huxley  et  al.  583  pp.  Oxford,  Clarendon  Press. 


116  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

ENTOMOPHAGOUS  INSECTS  By  CURTIS  P.  CLAUSEN.  First 
Edition  McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.,  New  York  and  London  1940 
pp.  x+688.  257  figures.  Price  $7.50.  In  the  study  of  insect 
biology,  the  unusual  and  amazing  seems  almost  to  be  the  usual 
state  of  affairs ;  and  perhaps  nowhere  is  there  a  greater  assemb- 
lage of  remarkable  adaptations,  a  greater  variety  of  intricate 
modification  of  structures,  developmental  peculiarities  and  be- 
havior than  among  the  entomophagous  insects  described  in 
this  book.  Most  of  the  forms  dealt  with  are  the  parasitic  in- 
sects, those  sometimes  referred  to  as  predaceous  parasites,  for 
the  planidium  larva,  which  pounces  upon  a  caterpillar  and  pro- 
ceeds to  devour  it  or  some  other  parasite  already  present,  is,  in 
a  sense,  also  a  predator.  But  Dr.  Clausen  prefers  the  estab- 
lished terminology  and  avoids  even  the  term  "parasitoid."  In- 
deed, he  shows  little  concern  regarding  definitions  and  theories 
for  he  is  anxious  to  get  on  with  his  job,  a  very  sizable  one,  that 
of  telling  us  what  is  actually  known  of  the  biology  of  all  the 
insect-eating  insects.  Proceeding  at  once  with  the  Hymenoptera, 
he  first  makes  what  generalizations  are  possible  on  the  habits 
of  this  group  as  to  egg  placement,  feeding,  sex,  reproduction, 
phoresy  and  then  he  describes  the  types  of  immature  stages, 
cites  the  effect  upon  the  host  and  discusses  sex  ratios.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  detailed  information  on  numerous  species— 
the  anatomy  of  the  larvae,  their  development  and  host  relation- 
ships— all  presented  not  as  a  mere  compilation  but  in  a  thor- 
oughly digested  and  integrated  form.  The  many  curious  forms 
of  larvae  are  illustrated  by  figures  as  are  also  representative 
adult  types.  Then  follow  the  aculeate  Hymenoptera  containing 
both  predaceous  and  parasitic  forms  as  well  as  many  that  are 
difficult  to  classify.  The  Diptera  are  discussed  according  to 
the  same  plan  as  the  Hymenoptera.  The  Lepidoptera,  Cole- 
optera,  Hemiptera  and  10  smaller  orders  are  taken  up  in  turn ; 
and  in  each  case  most  attention  is  given  to  the  forms  that  are 
most  highly  specialized  in  their  host  relationships.  Altogether 
this  volume  will  be  of  great  value  to  entomologists  and  para- 
sitologists, for  it  represents  the  compilation  and  synthesis  of  a 
great  mass  of  information  from  numerous  sources,  including 
many  foreign  entomological  and  agricultural  publications  and 
reports,  that  is  not  otherwise  available  to  the  working  investi- 
gator. The  book  will  be  of  use  also  to  those  interested  in 
general  biological  problems  such  as  sex  determination,  sex 
ratios,  reflexes,  behavior,  diapause,  polyembryony,  etc.  On  each 
of  these  topics  there  is  much  information  included  under  the 
families  concerned  and  so  indexed,  usually,  rather  than  as  first- 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  117 

place  index  entries.  The  list  of  references,  all  cited  in  the  text, 
takes  up  47  pages.  The  index  lists  all  forms  mentioned,  includ- 
ing host  species. — R.  G.  SCHMIEDER. 


PLANT  GALLS  AND  GALL  MAKERS  by  EPHRAIM  PORTER 
FELT,  Director  and  Chief  Entomologist,  Bartlett  Tree  Research 
Laboratories,  etc.,  Ithaca,  New  York.  Comstock  Publishing 
Co.,  Inc.,  1940.  Pp.  viii,  364,  344  text  figs.,  41  plates.  $4.00.- 
Dr.  Felt  says  in  his  preface :  "This  work  is  an  extended  re- 
vision, a  rewritten  version  with  much  additional  matter,  of  the 
author's  'Key  to  American  Insect  Galls'  which  appeared  as  Xew 
York  State  Museum  Bulletin  No.  200  in  1917  [1918].  The 
demand  for  the  bulletin  was  so  great  that  the  edition  was 
speedily  exhausted."  The  bulletin  of  1918  comprised  310  pages, 
including  16  plates  and  250  text-figures,  so  that  the  net  increase 
in  the  present  volume  is  62  pages.  The  plates  in  1918  were 
massed  near  the  end  of  the  book,  just  before  the  index;  here 
they  are  interspersed  throughout  the  text.  Plant  Galls  and  Gall 
J\Iakcrs  is  divided  into  two  parts:  I.  Introduction  pp.  4-35,  II. 
Key  to  the  galls  of  the  various  plant  families  pp.  37-338.  Fol- 
lowing is  a  bibliography  pp.  339-340  and  the  index  pp.  341- 
364.  The  introduction  is  much  more  extensive  than  the  14 
pages  similarly  labeled  in  the  1918  bulletin,  except  that  the 
tabulation  of  plants  and  American  insect  galls  (p.  31)  is  a  very 
much  compressed  summary  of  tables  occupying  14  pages  (215- 
228)  in  1918.  The  introduction  discusses  galls  and  gall  types, 
gall  producers,  injurious  and  valuable  galls,  honeydew  produc- 
ing galls,  how  galls  are  produced,  life  history  of  gall  producers, 
alternation  of  generations*,  insects  and  fungous  galls,  distribu- 
tion and  abundance  of  gall  insects,  gall  insects  in  different  parts 
of  the  world  ( especially  those  of  Asia,  the  Dutch  East  Indies, 
southern  Europe,  middle  Europe,  Moravia,  North,  South  and 
Central  America),  gall  insect  preferences  for  host  plants  in 
America,  natural  checks,  collecting  galls  and  studying  gall  in- 
sects— an  interesting  summary.  The  main  body  of  the  book, 
the  key  to  the  galls,  follows  in  general  the  treatment  of  19 IS. 
but  with  frequent  differences  in  detail,  or  in  minor  sequence. 

*  In  this  section,  Dr.  Felt  remarks:  "Investigations  in  Europe  show 
that  a  relatively  large  number  of  oak  gall  wasps  have  alternating  gen- 
erations. There  are  probably  more  than  600  oak  galls  occurring  upon 
American  oaks  and  as  yet  the  direct  connection  between  the  two  genera- 
tions has  been  established  for  relatively  few."  This  is  illustrated  l,y  his 
list  of  "The  known  agamic  and  bisexual  forms  of  American  gall  wasps" 
(pp.  22-25)  which  contains  17  species  and  varieties. 


118  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

The  references  to  the  descriptions  of  each  gall  or  its  maker 
are,  however,  omitted.  At  the  head  of  each  plant  family  a 
general  discussion  of  its  galls  and  gall  makers  has  been  added. 
Most  (all?)  of  the  illustrations  of  1918  are  reproduced  but  are 
often  redistributed ;  many  others,  principally  from  the  works  of 
Kinsey  and  of  Weld,  have  been  added.  Under  "Bibliography," 
Dr.  Felt  says  "The  author  has  given  an  extended  bibliography 
in  his  ...  Bulletin  No.  200,  1918.  The  following  is  limited  to 
the  more  important  works  which  have  appeared  subsequently." 
It  is  composed  of  18  titles  from  1920  to  1938,  arranged  chrono- 
logically. The  earlier  list  of  282  titles  runs  from  1841  to  1918. 
How  far  the  present  work  is  a  betterment  of  its  predecessor 
must  be  left  to  the  specialists  to  decide,  but  it  appears  to  be  a 
very  useful  volume,  and  the  bulletin  of  1918  may  be  still  be 
kept  alongside  it,  for  bibliographical  assistance. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


OBITUARY 

HERMANN  SCHWARZ  died  suddenly  at  Webster  Groves, 
Missouri,  on  March  21,  1940.  He  was  born  in  Osnabruck, 
Germany,  March  27.  1876  and  came  to  America  when  9  years 
old.  He  was  the  youngest  of  four  brothers,  all  naturalists. 
Entirely  self-educated,  he  eventually  attained  to  the  leadership 
of  the  naturalists  of  St.  Louis  and  surrounding  territory.  In- 
terested in  all  phases  of  natural  history,  he  belonged  to  many 
nature  study  and  scientific  societies,  being  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  St.  Louis  Naturalists  Club  and  the  St.  Louis  Entomo- 
logical Club.  In  recent  years  he  was  very  active  in  Boy  Scout 
work,  being  a  member  of  the  Court  of  Honor  and  chairman  of 
the  Science  Section.  It  was  while  making  the  awards  to  four 
Eagle  Scouts  that  he  collapsed  and  almost  immediately  after- 
wards died.  Mr.  Schwarz  was  in  the  printing  business,  but  for 
a  number  of  years  conducted  the  Mid-West  Nature  Supply 
House  as  a  hobby.  He  contributed  the  following  articles  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  :  "A  Setting-block  for  Lepidoptera" 
(1898),  "The  Art  of  Collecting  Catocala"  (1899),  "A  Con- 
vention of  Entomologists  at  the  home  of  Dr.  Wm.  Barnes" 
(1910),  "The  St.  Louis  Entomological  Club"  (1911),  "Miss 
Mary  Murtfeldt"  (1913),  and  jointly  with  Henry  McElhose 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  119 

"List  of  110  Species  and  Varieties  of  Butterflies  taken  by 
Members  of  the  St.  Louis  Entomological  Club  in  the  Vicinity 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo."  (1907).  He  had  a  collection  of  butterflies 
taken  in  Missouri. — EDWIN  P.  MKINERS. 

Dr.  GEORGE  \Y.  BOCK  died  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  July  22, 
1940.  He  was  at  one  time  a  very  enthusiastic  beetle  collector 
and  carried  on  a  rather  extensive  correspondence  with  many  of 
the  older  collectors.  He  built  up  a  collection  said. to  number 
about  45,000  specimens.  Born  in  Hamelin,  Germany,  June  23, 
1856,  he  came  to  the  United  States  when  he  was  24  years  of 
age.  Eventually  he  settled  to  the  practice  of  medicine  in  St. 
Louis,  in  which  he  continued  until  a  few  years  ago,  being  com- 
pelled to  retire  due  to  the  infirmities  of  age.  Dr.  Bock  collected 
principally  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Louis,  but  in  his  early  years 
made  two  rather  extensive  collecting  trips,  one  to  Guatemala 
and  another  to  Mexico.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
St.  Louis  Naturalists  Club  and  at  one  time  a  member  of  the 
St.  Louis  Entomological  Club.  He  contributed  an  article  to  the 
December,  1907,  number  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  on  "An 
absolutely  sure  method  of  preservation  of  Natural  Scientific 
collections  against  insect  enemies". — EDWIN  P.  MEINERS. 

AUGUST  KNETZGER  died  at  his  home  in  Alton.  Illinois,  on 
July  2,  1940,  at  the  age  of  73  years.  Mr.  Knetzger,  who  was 
a  musician  by  profession,  was  at  one  time  an  ardent  student  of 
the  Lepidoptera  and  contributed  the  following  articles  to  ENTO- 
MOLOGICAL NEWS  between  the  years  1907  and  1912:  "St. 
Louis  Butterflies",  "Migration  of  Anosia  plexippus",  "Notes 
on  Missouri  Lepidoptera",  and  "Observations  on  the  Lepidop- 
tera of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  and  vicinity  during  1911".  He  was  at 
one  time  a  member  of  the  Heink  Entomological  Club  and  the 
St.  Louis  Entomological  Club.  He  recently  gave  his  collection 
of  8,000  butterflies  to  the  I 'ere  Marquem-  State  Park  at  Graf- 
ton,  Illinois. — EDWIN  P.  MEINKKS. 

CHARLES  L.  HEINK  died  at  his  home  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
on  June  8,  1940.  Although  not  a  scientist  in  the  strict  sense 
of  the  word,  Mr.  Heink  did  much  to  interest  others  in  the 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [April,    '41 

study  of  insects.  He  was  particularly  concerned  with  the  Lepi- 
doptera,  of  which  he  formed  a  considerable  collection.  He  was 
much  interested  in  the  early  stages  and  reared  many  of  his 
specimens  from  the  egg  and  larvae.  All  of  his  collecting  was 
done  in  the  region  around  St.  Louis,  his  collection  being  built 
up  through  the  exchange  of  his  duplicates. 

EDWIN  P.  MEINERS. 

A  memorandum  on  the  back  of  Mr.  Heink's  photographic 
portrait,  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Entomological  So- 
ciety, states  that  he  was  born  February  9,  1869,  at  Stonyhill, 
Gasconade  County,  Missouri,  and  organized  the  Heink  Ento- 
mological Club,  December  15,  1907. — E.  T.  CRESSON,  Jr. 

Mrs.  VITAE  KITE  died  at  Hollister,  Taney  County,  Missouri, 
February  14,  1940.  "A  Calendar  of  Ozark  Butterflies"  appeared 
from  her  pen  in  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  February,  1934. 
Starting  late  in  life  to  form  a  collection  of  butterflies,  she  built 
up  a  collection  of  about  10,000  specimens,  mostly  locals  and 
exotics.  This  collection  has  been  given  to  The  School  of  the 
Ozarks  at  Point  Lookout,  Missouri. — EDWIN  P.  MEINERS. 


DR.  CLARENCE  PRESTON  GILLETTE,  director  emeritus  of  the 
Colorado  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  and  emeritus  profes- 
sor of  entomology  and  zoology  at  Colorado  State  College  of 
Agriculture  and  Mechanical  Arts,  died  at  his  home  in  Fort 
Collins,  Colorado,  on  January  4,  1941.  Born  in  Ionia  County, 
Michigan,  April  7,  1859,  he  attended  the  Michigan  public 
schools,  then  Michigan  State  College,  where  he  received  the 
B.S.  in  1884,  the  M.S.  in  1887  and  the  honorary  Sc.D.  in  1918. 
He  was  assistant  in  zoology,  Michigan  State  College,  until 
1888,  when  he  became  entomologist  of  the  Iowa  State  College 
Experiment  Station  at  Ames,  Iowa,  and  in  1891,  head  of  a 
new  department  of  zoology,  entomology  and  physiology  at 
Colorado  State  College.  In  1907,  he  became  Colorado's  first 
state  entomologist,  and  in  1910,  also  director  of  the  Colorado 
Experiment  Station,  until  his  retirement  in  1932.  His  papers 
include  lists  of  the  Orthoptera  and  Hemiptera  of  Colorado, 
many  articles  dealing  with  Cynipidae,  Cicadellidae  and  Aphidae, 
and  his  last  important  work,  the  Aphidae  of  Colorado,  pub- 
lished jointly  with  Miss  Miriam  A.  Palmer.  (From  obituary  by 
DR.  GEO.  M.  LIST  in  Science  for  February  28,  1941.) 


EXCHANGES 

This   column   is    intended   only    for   wants   and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow:  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted.— To  hear  from  specialists  who  would  care  to  determine 
some  family  of  insects  for  a  share  of  the  duplicates.  We  have  many 
specimens,  especially  in  some  families  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera. 
H.  E.  Jaques,  Iowa  Insect  Survey,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Casilla  852,  La  Paz,  Bolivia, 
S.  America. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  \V. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes.  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  2230  McDowell  St.,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 


PERU 


FAVORABLE   OCCASION   FOR  COLLECTORS  AND  SPECIALISTS! 

I  deliver  at  moderate  prices  from  the  unexplored  primitive  Forest  of 
PERU:  Butterflies,  Beetles  (Ceramb.,  Curcul.  Scar,  etc.),  Odonata-Dragon- 
flies,  Orthoptera,  Hymenoptera,  Diptera,  etc,  in  first  class  quality. 

Please  apply  to 

PEDRO   PAPRZYCKI,  SATIPD,     PERU,  SOUTH  AMERICA 


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A  quarterly  journal  of  general  entomology  published  by  the  Pacific 
Coast  Entomological  Society.  It  features  insect  problems  of  the  Pacific  area 
but  is  in  no  way  confined  to  that  region.  The  systematic  and  biological 
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Address:  California  Academy  of  Sciences 
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Contributions  which  appeared  in  the  various  publications  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  often  have  been 
unprocurable  by  students  on  account  of  the  rarity  of  separata, 
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able and  can  be  obtained  from  the  Academy  at  moderate  prices. 
In  addition  excerpts  of  nearly  all  other  papers  which  appeared 
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REVISTA  DE  ENTOMOLOGIA 

AN  INTERNATIONAL  REVIEW  OF  ENTOMOLOGY 

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Lima,  F.  Silvestri,  C.  Menozzi,  A.  Reichensperger,  F.  Santschi,  J.  D. 
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has  been  supplying  collectors  with: 

1.  The  best  of  entomological  supplies  and  equipment  at  the  lowest  possible 
prices. 

2.  A  wide  variety  of  specimens  accurately  determined  and  carefully  mounted. 

3.  Collections  of   insects   for   the  teaching   entomologist  to   illustrate  life, 
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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOB    SALE    BT 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


1080.- 
1082.- 
1081.- 


COLEOPTERA 

-Blaisdell  (F.  E.,  Sr.) — A  monographic  study  of  the 
species  belonging  to  the  Melyrid  genus  Trichochroides. 
(66:  283-306,  1  pi.,  1941)  45 

-Studies  in  the  Melyridae.    No.  12     (66:  319-324,  1941) ..  .     .20 

HYMENOPTERA 

-Lindsley   (E.  G.)- — A  revision  of  the  genus  Oreopasites. 

(Nomadidae).     (66:  307-318,  fig.,  1941)  .25 

ODONATA 

1069. — Needham    (J.    G.)  —  Studies    on    Neotropical    Gomphine 

dragon-flies.     (65:  363-394,  2  pis.,   1939)  .70 

ORTHOPTERA 

-Hebard  (M.) — Studies  on  Orthoptera  which  occur  in  N. 

Am.  north  of  the  Mexican  boundary.    X  and  XI.    (65: 

161-191,  3  pis.,  1939)    65 

-Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — A  new  genus  and  4  n.   sps.  of  Acri- 

didac  from  Brazil  and  Argentina.    (65:  193-208,  2  pis., 

1939)        

-The  South  Am.  sps.  of  the  Oedipodine  Gen.  Trimerotro- 

pis  (Acrididae).     (65:  395-414,  1  pi.,  1940) 

-The    application,    relationship    and    sps.    of    ScylHna   and 

Scyllinops.     (Acrididae).     (66:  101-120,  1  pi.,  1940) .. 


1061.- 
1062.- 

1070.- 
1073.- 


.40 
.40 


.40 


J41 


ENTOMOLOGICA 


DIV.   INS. 

MAY,  1941     u.s.  HAUL, 


Vol.  LII 


No.  5 


CONTENTS 

Pate — On    a    New    Subgenus    of    Pemphilidine    Wasps    from    Cuba 

(Hymenoptera;     Sphecidae) 121 

The  Malaria-carrying  Anopheles  gambiae 125 

La  Rivers — Additions  to  the  List  of  Nevada  Dragonflies  (Odonata)     .  126 

Blaisdell— A  New  Species  of  Coniontis  (Coleoptera:  Tenebrionidae)  .  131 

Moorefield — Addenda  to  the  Odonata  of  Maryland        133 

Robinson — A  New  Species  of  Trox  from  Texas  (Coleoptera:   Scaraba- 

eidae) 134 

Knowlton — Western  Aphid  Notes  (Homoptera:  Aphididae) 136 

Honor  to  an  Entomologist 138 

Current  Entomological  Literature 139 

Review  of  Johannsen  &  Butt:  The  Embryology  of  Insects  and  Myri- 

opods .    .  148 

Obituary— Dr.  Hugo  Kahl 150 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  MAY,  1941  No  5. 

On  A  New  Submenus  of  Pemphilidine  Wasps   From 
Cuba  (Hymenoptera:  Sphecidae) 

By  V.  S.  L.  PATE,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

The  Pemphilidine  wasps  are  divisible  into  a  dozen  or  more 
discrete  generic  entities,  despite  the  asseverations  of  various 
competent  authorities  to  the  contrary.  Some  of  these,  such  as 
Dasyproctus,  are  confined  entirely  to  the  Old  World,  while 
others  like  Anacrabro  and  Entomocrabro  are  restricted  wholly 
to  the  western  hemisphere.  The  great  majority  of  the  species, 
however,  are  referable  to  four  large  cosmopolitan  genera: 
Ectcmnius,  Crossoccrus,  Lcstica  (olim  Solenius  sen  Ccrato- 
colus],  and  Pcmphilis  (olim  Crabro  F.  nee  Geof.),  each  of 
which  comprises  a  number  of  distinct  phyletic  strains  sufficiently 
discrete  from  one  another  by  congeries  of  morphological,  etho- 
logical,  and  biogeographical  characteristics  that  they  may  be 
accorded  subgeneric  rank.  The  genus  Ectcmnius  (olim  Crabro 
Auctt.,  nee.  F.,  nee  Geof.)  is  separable  at  present  into  a  number 
of  such  subgenera.  To  these  may  now  be  added  the  following 
striking  and  remarkable  Antillean  entity  described  herewith. 

MEROSPIS1  new  submenus. 

The  broadly  expanded,  thin  and  laminate,  shield-like  fore 
femora,  the  flattened  fore  tarsi,  and  the  absence  of  an  apical 
calcar  on  the  middle  tibiae  of  the  males,  distinguish  Ncrospis 
from  all  the  other  subgenera  of  Ectcmnius.  The  nearest  affini- 
ties of  the  present  distinctive  entity  appear  to  lie  with  the-  <  >M 
World  subgenus  Mctacrubro,  with  which  it  agrce>  very  cloudy 
in  the  venation  of  the  fore  wing  and  the  slender  elongate  hind 
wing  with  the  anal  lobe  vestigial.  But  in  addition  to  the  char- 
acters given  above,  ]\Icrospis  differs  from  that  complex  in  the 
finely  punctate  mesonotum,  the  strong  inner  basal  mandibular 

1  Meros  thigh  +  aspis,  shield ;  in  allusion  to  the  expanded  fore  femora 
of  the  males. 

121 


MAY  1  3  194) 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

tooth,  and  the  sulcate  ultimate  abdominal  tergite  and  emargi- 
nate  antennal  flagellum  of  the  male. 

Diagnostic  Features. — Small  forms.  Head  subquadrate  in 
anterior  aspect,  transversely  subrectangular  to  subquadrate  in 
dorsal  aspect.  Eyes  naked,  much  more  coarsely  facetted  an- 
teriorly than  posteriorly ;  inner  orbits  very  strongly  convergent 
toward  clypeus  and  antennal  sockets.  Malar  space  obsolete. 
Vertex  flat ;  supraorbital  f  oveae  absent ;  ocelli  normal,  arranged 
in  a  low  triangle.  Temples  wide  above,  tapering  ventrad ;  post- 
orbital  and  temporal  carinae  wanting.  Front  vertical,  narrow, 
strongly  concave  between  the  inner  orbits  but  the  basin  not 
margined  dorsally  by  a  transverse  carinule.  Antennae  situated 
low  on  face  on  dorsal  margin  of  clypeus,  twelve-segmented  in 
both  sexes,  the  antennal  sockets  contiguous  to  each  other  and 
also  to  the  nearest  lower  inner  orbit ;  flagellum  not  dilated  but 
emarginate  in  males.  Maxillary  palpi  six-segmented,  labial 
palpi  four-segmented.  Mandibles  bifid  apically,  lower  margin 
entire,  inner  margin  armed  at  base  with  a  very  large,  elongate, 
inwardly  directed,  acuminate  tooth. 

Thorax  with  pronotum  narrow,  transverse,  crested  anteriorly, 
humeral  angles  dentate.  Mesonotum  finely  punctate ;  suture 
between  mesonotum  and  scutellum  simple.  Prepectus  anteriorly 
with  a  sharp  epicnemium  which  is  continued  onto  anterior  face 
of  mesopleura,  mesopleura  with  a  sharp  vertical  carina  before 
middle  coxae,  impunctate  but  with  coarse  subparallel,  subhori- 
zontal  costulae  which  are  continuous  onto  the  metapleura  and 
the  lateral  and  posterior  faces  of  propodeum ;  dorsal  face  of 
propodeum  with  coarse,  subparallel,  longitudinal  costulae. 

Fore  legs  with  opposing  faces  of  coxae  flat,  closely  appressed 
to  one  another  and  furnished  anteriorly  with  a  sharp  longitudi- 
nal carina,  the  distal  posterior  margin  projecting  backward  and 
downward  in  a  thin,  translucent,  semicircular  laminate  plate. 
Fore  trochanters  flattened  and  somewhat  expanded.  Fore 
femora  thin,  flat,  and  dilated  into  an  irregular  trigonal  shield, 
but  without  spines  or  teeth  beneath.  Fore  tibiae  strongly  com- 
pressed and  flattened,  elongate  trigonal  in  shape.  Fore  tarsi 
strongly  flattened,  the  metatarsi  as  long  as  the  four  distal  seg- 
ments combined.  Middle  and  hind  legs  normal ;  the  metatarsi 
slender,  elongate,  longer  than  the  four  distal  articles  combined ; 
middle  tibiae  of  males  without  an  apical  calcar,  hind  tibiae 
with  two.  Fore  wing  with  marginal  cell  broadly  and  somewhat 
obliquely  truncate  apically ;  transverse  cubital  vein  straight, 
oblique,  inclivous,  received  on  radius  at  or  a  little  before  middle 
of  marginal  cell ;  recurrent  vein  joining  the  submarginal  cell 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


123 


very  close  to  apex  of  latter,  the  second  abscissa  of  cubitus  much 
shorter  than  the  length  of  transverse  cubital  vein.  Hind  wings 
slender,  elongate,  costa  absent;  anal  lobe  very  small,  vestigial, 
not  clearly  delimited. 

Abdomen  sessile;  finely,  inconspicuously  punctate;  ultimate 
tergite  of  male  without  a  pygidium,  but  with  a  median  longi- 
tudinal furrow  on  apical  two-thirds. 

Genotype:  Ectemnius   (Mcrospis)   cyancniges  new  species. 
This  interesting  group   is   known  at  present   from  only  the 
genotypic  species. 

Ectemnius   (Merospis)   cyanauges2  new  species. 

,The  brilliant,  metallic  blue  color,  ivory  maculations,  and  the 
distinctive  shape  of  the  fore  legs  will  immediately  distinguish 
the  present  species  from  all  of  its  New  World  congeners. 

Type. —  $  ;  San  Vincente,  Pinar  del  Rio  Province,  CUBA. 
July  26-August  5,  1939.  (C.  T.  Parsons.)  [Museum  of  Com- 
parative Zoology.] 


Fig.   1.     Ectemnius   (J\Icrospis}    cyanamjcx  new  species.      Male    ( / v 
San  Vincente,   Pinar  de   Rio,   Cuba)  :   A,   fore   leg;   B,   pedicel   and  an- 
tennal  flagellum ;  C,  anterior  aspect  of  head. 

$  . — 7  mm.  long.  P>  right  cyancous  ;  the  following  churneous : 
scape  anteriorly,  mandibles  on  outer  basal  two-thirds,  pronotum 
and  tubercles  above,  postscutellum,  all  tibiae  on  outer  faces,  fore 
femora  with  a  small  spot  at  knee,  middle  femora  beneath,  fore 
metatarsi,  abdomen  with  narrow  elongate  transverse  >pot-  l.r 

-  Kuanauges,  of  a  bright  blue  color. 


124  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

ally  on,  first  six  tergites,  those  of  second  and  fourth  segments 
much  longer  and  wider  than  the  others.  Black:  scape  behind, 
pedicel,  flagellum,  mandibles  apically  and  on  inner  and  lower 
margins.  Tegulae,  axillary  sclerites,  and  middle  and  hind  tarsi, 
dark  brunneous.  Fore  trochanters,  and  fore  femoral  shield  with 
fore  and  hind  margins  and  a  narrow  discal  streak,  castaneous. 
Wings  hyaline,  infumated  anteriorly  particularly  in  marginal 
and  submarginal  cells ;  veins  dark  brunneous. 

Head  f  ulgid ;  clypeus  with  lower  inner  and  posterior  orbits 
densely  clothed  with  shining,  appressed  silvery  pubescence; 
vertex,  occiput  and  temples  with  rather  long,  suberect,  incon- 
spicuous, dark  grey  pubescence.  Front  with  scapal  basin 
strongly  concave,  nitidous,  glabrous,  not  margined  dorsally  by 
a  transverse  carinule.  Vertex,  occiput,  and  temples  with  fine, 
separated,  setigerous  acupuncturation ;  vertex  bisected  anteriorly 
by  a  strong  furrow  running  forward  from  median  ocellus  into 
scapal  basin  of  front;  no  trace  of  supraorbital  foveae;  ocelli 
situated  in  a  very  low  triangle,  the  postocellar  line  six-tenths 
the  length  of  ocellocular  distance ;  temples  without  orbital  or 
temporal  carinae ;  occipital  carina  distinct,  forming  a  complete 
circle  which  is  tangent  below  to  the  hypostomal  carinule.  An- 
tennae short,  reaching  about  to  occiput;  scape  cylindrical,  four- 
sevenths  the  vertical  length  of  eye;  pedicel  subcylindrical,  short, 
one-half  the  length  of  first  flagellar  article;  flagellum  with  first 
four  articles  elongate,  the  first  one-and-one-half  the  length  of 
second  which  is  subequal  in  length  to  third,  the  fourth  one-and- 
one-sixth  the  length  of  first,  remaining  segments,  except  last, 
but  one-half  the  length  of  first,  ultimate  article  simple,  terete, 
subequal  in  length  to  two  preceding  segments  combined,  the 
third  segment  slightly,  the  fourth  strongly  emarginate  beneath. 
Clypeus  narrow,  linear,  flat  laterally  to  weakly  tectate  discally, 
median  length  two-sevenths  vertical  length  of  eye,  produced 
medio-apically  into  a  short  broad  truncate  lobe  the  apical  width 
of  which  is  subequal  to  median  length. 

Thorax  f  ulgid ;  generally  clothed  with  rather  long,  suberect, 
light  pubescence.  Pronotum  narrow7,  transverse,  situated  on  a 
level  with  mesonotum,  anterior  dorsal  margin  sharply  trans- 
versely carinate  for  entire  width  save  for  a  deep  median  notch, 
the  lateral  angles  acutely  dentate,  posterior  margin  narrowly 
but  deeply  impressed.  Mesonotum  with  well  separated,  dis- 
tinct, setigerous  acupuncturation  throughout,  anteriorly  with  a 
few  transverse,  curved,  weak  and  indistinct  striae,  anterior  half 
with  three  parallel  well  separated  carinules ;  suture  between 
mesonotum  and  scutellum  simple,  not  foveolate;  scutellum  per- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  125 

fulgid,  very  sparsely  acupunctate,  flatly  tumid,  posterior  margin 
abruptly  and  deeply  impressed  and  f  oveolate ;  axillae  not  mar- 
gined laterally;  postscutellum  transverse,  linear,  short,  one-half 
length  of  scutellum,  perfulgid,  subnitidous,  almost  impunctate. 
Mesopleura  impunctate  but  with  fine  and  coarse  subhorizontal 
and  subparallel  costulae  more  or  less  continuous  onto  meta- 
pleura  and  lateral  and  posterior  faces  of  propodeum,  episternal 
suture  inconspicuously  foveolate,  descending  from  below  tegula 
and  curving  forward  onto  anterior  face  of  mesothora,  meso- 
pleural  pit  almost  obliterated  by  striation,  episternauli,  hyper- 
sternauli,  and  sternauli  not  evident,  posterior  margin  incon- 
spicuously foveolate ;  prepectus  anteriorly  with  a  sharp  epic- 
nemium,  the  carina  forking  dorsally  into  carinules  which  parallel 
the  lower  and  posterior  margins  of  pronotal  tubercles.  Pro- 
podeum perfulgid ;  clothed  with  pubescence  like  thorax ;  entire 
dorsal  face  with  an  undemarcated  transverse  subrectangular 
area  traversed  by  subparallel  longitudinal  costulae ;  posterior 
face  bisected  by  a  deep,  narrow,  nitidous  sulcus,  and  crossed 
by  horizontal  parallel  rugulae  which  are  continuous  from  lateral 
faces ;  lateral  carinae  wanting. 

Legs  with  tibiae  unarmed  with  spines  on  outer  faces ;  other- 
wise as  in  subgeneric  diagnosis. 

Abdomen  sessile,  perfulgid ;  tergites  with  sparse,  well  sepa- 
rated, very  fine  acupuncturation,  the  ultimate  tergite  somewhat 
more  distinctly  and  closely  punctate  than  preceding  tergite  and 
with  a  median  longitudinal  furrow ;  penult  tergite  with  an  in- 
conspicuous, transverse  median  constriction,  last  tergite  with  a 
stronger  more  perceptible  one.  Venter  with  first  three  sternites 
flatly  convex,  perfulgid,  subnitidous,  glabrous,  with  microscopi- 
cally fine  cancellate  sculpture;  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  sternites 
flatly  concave,  subopaque,  with  close  fine  acupuncturation ; 
seventh  and  eighth  sternites  flat,  densely  pilose,  seventh  with  a 
deep,  roundly  V-shaped  emargination  posteriorly,  eighth  with 
caudal  margin  shallowly,  broadly,  circularly  emarginate. 

9  . — Unknown. 

This  species  is  known  only  from  the  unique  male  described 
above. 


The   Malaria-carrying   Anopheles   gambiae. 
Discussing  the  Malaria  situation  created  by  this  mosquito  in 
Brazil,  President  Fosdick  in  his  Rockefeller  Foundation  Review 
for  1940  says:    "No  evidence  of  gambiae  in  Brazil  was  found 
during  the  last  47  days  of  1940." 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

Additions  to  the  List  of  Nevada  Dragonflies 

(Odonata). 

By  IRA  LA  RIVERS,  Reno,  Nevada. 

Since  the  publication  of  my  "Preliminary  Synopsis  of  the 
Dragonflies  of  Nevada"  (1940),  several  less  common  and  more 
localized  species  have  been  found  along  two  portions  of  the 
State's  boundary.  As  the  author  had  previously  suspected, 
there  are  a  number  of  West  Coast  dragonflies,  hitherto  accred- 
ited only  to  the  region  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains, 
to  be  found  crossing  the  Nevada-California  line  at  those  points 
where  spurs  or  isolated  peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  system  lie 
in  Nevada.  The  two  regions  so-far  most  productive  of  new 
dragonfly  records  along  this  border  are  Lake  Tahoe  and 
Boundary  Peak. 

The  lake,  whose  surface  waters  lie  at  an  approximate  eleva- 
tion of  6,225  feet,  is  surrounded  by  a  ring  of  high  Sierra 
peaks  which  vary  from  7,000  to  nearly  9,000  feet  in  height,  the 
taller  summits  lying  on  the  California  side  and  forming  the 
crest  of  the  range.  However,  the  ecologic  environments  do  not 
differ  considerably,  on  the  average,  from  one  side  of  the  lake 
to  the  other,  and  the  characteristic  odonate  species  of  this  mon- 
tane lake  occur  indifferently  on  either  side.  The  summit  of  the 
Sierras  strikes  tangent  from  the  north-northwest  towards  the 
lake,  and  approaches  the  Nevada  line  most  closely  near  the  south 
end  of  the  lake.  The  entire  eastern  shoreline,  and  nearly  half  of 
the  northern,  lies  in  Nevada,  so  that  it  was  to  be  expected  when 
the  author's  first  list  was  prepared  that  a  number  of  California 
species  not  yet  accredited  to  Nevada,  but  occurring  in  the  ad- 
jacent Sierra  Nevadas,  might  well  be  found  at  Lake  Tahoe.  A 
favorable  spring  and  summer's  collecting  season  here  has  veri- 
fied these  conclusions. 

Boundary  Peak,  the  tallest  point  in  Nevada,  rises  to  a  height 
of  13,145  feet,  and  lies  exactly  117  miles  southeast  along  the 
Nevada-California  boundary  from  the  southern  tip  of  Lake 
Tahoe.  It  is  the  most  northern  summit  of  the  lofty  White 
Mountain  Range  which  parallels  the  upper  portion  of  the 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  127 

southern  Sierras,  and  may  properly  be  considered  a  part  of 
that  extensive  system,  although  separated  from  the  Sierras 
themselves  by  the  long  and  prominent  Owens  Valley.  Here  in 
the  vicinity  of  Boundary  Peak,  which  lies  just  inside  the 
Nevada  line,  the  author  has  taken  several  species  of  dragonflies 
which  Ahrens  recorded  in  1938  from  nearby  Yosemite,  which 
lies  but  a  scant  45  miles  (in  a  straight  line)  from  the  peak. 

New  species  have  also  turned  up  along  the  ever  bountiful 
Rio  Colorado,  which  forms  Nevada's  extreme  southeastern 
border.  This  stream  has  been  the  gateway  used  by  several 
subtropical  species  in  thejr  expansion  northward  into  the  Great 
Basin,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that  other  southern  forms  will  be 
found  here  in  the  future. 

In  the  following  list,  most  of  those  species  already  recorded 
for  the  State  in  the  author's  "Synopsis";  have  been  given  a 
more  extended  range  within  it  as  a  result  of  the  last  season's 
collecting.  An  asterisk  (*)  denotes  species  accredited  to  the 
area  by  other  writers,  but  overlooked  in  the  "Synopsis",  a  double 
asterisk  (**)  those  species  which  have  been  taken,  to  the  auth- 
or's knowledge,  in  the  State  for  the  first  time. 

Subfamily  GOMPHINAE. 

OPHIOGOMPHUS  MORRISONI  Selys — Ormsby  and  Washoe 
Counties  (Marlette  Lake). 

**O.  BISON  Selys — Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake  Valley). 
/  HERPETOGOMPHUS  COMPOSITUS  Hagen — Churchill  County 
^Fallen,  Humboldt  Sink)  ;  Pershing  County  (Rye  Patch  Reser- 
voir) ;  Washoe  County  (Wadsworth). 

GOMPHUS  IXTKICATUS  Hagen — Churchill  and  Pershing  Coun- 
ties (Humboldt  Sink). 

G.  OLIVACEUS  Selys -- Churchill  and  Pershing  Counties 
(Humboldt  Sink). 

**OCTOGOMPHUS  SPECULARIS  (Hagen) — Esim-ralda  County 
(Boundary  Peak). 

Subfamily  AESHNINAE. 

ANAX  JUNIUS  (Drury) — Churchill  County  (Carson  Lake, 
Carson  Sink,  Fallen,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

(Gardnerville,  Topaz  Lake)  ;  Lyon  County  (Lahontan  Reser- 
voir, Sweetwater)  ;  Nye  County  (Beatty,  Springdale). 

**A.  WALSINGHAMI  MacLaclilan — Clark  County  (Boulder 
Lake). 

AESHNA  CALIFORNICA  (Calvert) — Lyon  County  (Sweet- 
water). 

AE.  MULTICOLOR  Hageii — Churchill  County  (Carson  Lake, 
Carson  Sink,  Fallon,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Esmeralda  County 
(Fish  Lake  Valley)  ;  Nye  County  (Beatty,  Springdale). 

AE.  UMBROSA  Walker — Humholdt  County  (generally 
throughout  the  Santa  Rosa  Mountains). 

**AE.  WALKERI  Kennedy — Esmeralda  County  (Boundary 
Peak). 

AE.  PALM  ATA  Hagen — Washoe  County  (Truckee  Meadows, 
Washoe  Lake). 

AE.  CONSTRICTA  Say — Churchill  County  (Humboldt  Sink)  ; 
Lyon  County  (Fernley)  ;  Pershing  County  (Lovelock);  Was- 
hoe County  (Washoe  Lake). 

AE.  INTERRUPTA  Walker — Humboldt  County  (National, 
Paradise). 

**AE.  VERTICALIS  Hagen — Esmeralda  County  (Boundary 
Peak). 

Subfamily  CORDULEGASTERINAE. 

CORDULEGASTER  DORSALis  Hagen — Washoe  County  (Cody 
Basin.  A  single  straggler  from  the  High  Sierras,  first  recorded 
in  the  author's  "Synopsis."  The  other  "Synopsis"  records  of 
this  species  belong  to  C.  crroncns}.  Previous  records:  none. 

*C.  ERRONEUS  Hagen — Lyon  County  (Sweetwater)  ;  Was- 
hoe County  (Franktown,  Peavine,  Verdi).  Previous  records: 
Hagen-Selys,  1878;  Fraser,  1929;  La  Rivers,  1940. 

Subfamily  MACROMIINAE. 

MACROMIA  PACIFICA  Hagen — Lyon  County  (Sweetwater)  ; 
Washoe  County  (Franktown). 

M.  MAGNIFICA  MacLachlan — Nye  County  (Beatty). 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  129 

Subfamily  CORDULIINAE. 

**SOMATOCHLORA  SEMICIRCULAR^  (Selys)  Esmeralda 
County  (Boundary  Peak). 

**CORDULIA  SHURTLEFFI  Scudder  -  Esmeralda  County 
(Boundary  Peak). 

Subfamily  LIBELLULIN^. 

LIBELLULA  SATURATA  Uhler — Churchill  County  (Carson 
Lake,  Carson  Sink,  Fallen,  Humboldt  Sink,  Lahontan  Reser- 
voir) ;  Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake  Valley);  Lyon  County 
(Lahontan  Reservoir);  Nye  County  (Beatty,  Springdale). 

**L.  COMANCHE  Calvert — Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake 
Valley);  Nye  County  (Beatty). 

*L.  PULCHELLA  Drury — Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ; 
Lyon  County  (Sweet water)  ;  Washoe  County  (Truckee  Mead- 
ows ) . 

L.  FORENSIS  Hagen — Churchill  County  (Fallon,  Lahonlan 
Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville,  Genoa,  Topaz 
Lake)  ;  Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake  Valley)  ;  Lyon  County 
(Lahontan  Reservoir,  Smith  Valley,  Sweetwater,  Yerington)  ; 
Mineral  County  (Schurz)  ;  Nye  County  (Beatty,  Springdale). 

L.  QUADRIMACULATA  Linnc — Douglas  County  (Gardnerville, 
Lake  Tahoe)  ;  Ormsby  County  (Lake  Tahoe,  Marlette  Lake)  ; 
Washoe  County  (Lake  Tahoe,  Marlette  Lake,  Truckee  Mead- 
ows ) . 

L.  NODISTICTA  Hagen  -  Washoe  County  ( Truckee  Mead- 
ows ) . 

L.  COMPOSITA  Hagen  •  Churchill  County  (Carson  Sink, 
Fallon,  Humboldt  Sink). 

**PLATHEMJS  LYDIA  (Drury) — Esmeralda  County  (Fish 
Lake  Valley)  ;  Lincoln  County  (Pahranagat  Valley)  ;  Lyon 
County  (Sweetwater)  ;  Nye  County  (Beatty)  ;  Washoe  County 
(Truckee  Meadows,  Wadsworth).  Previous  records:  I. a 
Rivers,  1938. 

P.  SUBORNATA  Hagen— Churchill  County  (Fallon,  Lahontan 
Reservoir)  ;  Washoe  County  (Truckee  Meadows). 

SYMPETRUM  CORRUPTUM  (Hagen) — Churchill  County  (Car- 
son Lake,  Fallon,  Humboldt  Sink,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Doug- 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

las  County  (Genoa,  Glenbrook,  Minden)  ;  Humboldt  County 
(generally  throughout  the  Santa  Rosa  Mountains)  ;  Lyon 
County  (Lahontan  Reservoir,  Sweetwater)  ;  Mineral  County 
(Hawthorne)  ;  Ormsby  County  (Lake  Tahoe,  Marlette  Lake)  ; 
Washoe  County  (Franktown,  Lake  Tahoe,  Marlette  Lake). 

S.  ILLOTUM  (Hagen)— Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ; 
Lyon  County  (Sweetwater);  Ormsby  County  (Carson  City); 
Washoe  County  (Washoe  Lake). 

S.   MADIDUM    (Hagen)— Humboldt  County   (National). 
S.  PALLIPES  (Hagen)— Churchill  County  (Fallen,  Humboldt 
Sink)  ;  Humboldt  County  (Paradise  Valley). 

*S.  OBTRUSUM  (Hagen)— Elko  and  White  Pine  Counties 
(Ruby  Valley).  Previous  records:  Ahrens,  1938  (as  S.  deci- 
sum  Hagen). 

S.  RUBICUNDULUM   ( Say )—  Churchill  County  (Carson  Sink, 

Fallen,  Lahontan  Reservoir);  Washoe  County   (Wadsworth). 

S.   SEMICINCTUM    (Say) — Churchill   County    (Carson  Lake, 

Fallen,    Humboldt     Sink,    Lahontan    Reservoir)  ;     Humboldt 

County   (Paradise  Valley). 

S.  COSTIFERUM   (Hagen) — Churchill  County   (Fallen). 
S.  DANAE  (Sulzer)— Churchill  County  (Fallen). 
S.  ATRIPES  (Hagen) — Douglas  County  (Gardnerville). 
**LEUCORRHINIA    HUDSONICA    (Selys)—  Esmeralda    County 
(Boundary  Peak). 

L.  GLACIALIS  Hagen — Esmeralda  County  (Boundary  Peak). 
PACHYDIPLAX      LONGIPENNIS       (Burmeister)  Churchill 

County  (Fallen,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gard- 
nerville, Topaz  Lake);  Washoe  County  (Verdi). 

ERYTHEMIS  SIMPLICICOLLIS  (Say) — Churchill  County  (Fal- 
len, Lahontan  Reservoir);  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville, 
Genoa)  ;  Lyon  County  (Lahontan  Reservoir,  Smith  Valley, 
Sweetwater,  Wabuska,  Yerington)  ;  Washoe  County  (Verdi). 
PANTALA  HYMENEA  (Say) — Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake 
Valley);  Nye  County  (Beatty,  Springdale). 

P.    FLAVESCENS     (Fabricius) — Douglas    County     (Gardner- 
ville); Washoe  County   (Truckee  Meadows.  Washoe  Valley). 
TRAPEZOSTIGMA  LACERATA  Hagen— Nye  County   (Beatty). 
T.  ONUSTA  Hagen — Washoe  County  (Lawton  Valley). 

(To  be  continued.) 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  131 

A  New  Species  of  Coniontis  from  Nevada 
(Coleoptera:  Tenebrionidae). 

By  FRANK  E.  BLAISDELL,  Sr.,   Stanford  Medical   School  and 

Associate  in  Research,  California  Academy  of 

Sciences,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Coniontis  lariversi  new  specie's. 

Form  oblong-oval  to  somewhat  cuneate,  nearly  twice  as  wide, 
a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  pronotum.  Color  deep 
black;  luster  dull  and  alutaceous.  Pubescence  absent  from  the 
superior  surface ;  short,  pale  hairs  are  present  beneath.  Ventral 
surface  more  or  less  polished. 

Head  relatively  small,  widest  across  the  posterior  canthi  and 
eyes,  twice  as  wide  as  long  before  the  post-ocular  line ;  sides 
less  prominent  than  eyes,  margin  arcuate  over  the  antennal  in- 
sertions, thence  straighter  and  convergent  to  the  rounded  epis- 
tomal  angles,  not  sinuate  at  position  of  the  obliterated  oblique 
sutures.  Epistomal  apex  rather  broadly,  not  deeply,  arcuately 
emarginate.  Frons  not  convex  and  without  impressions,  sides 
slightly  convex  and  briefly  declivous  against  the  eyes ;  surface 
densely  punctate,  punctures  moderately  small  and  irregular, 
intervals  densely  and  very  minutely  punctulate.  Labrum  trans- 
verse, about  twice  as  wide  as  long;  sides  arcuate  and  continu- 
ously so  with  the  apex,  angles  absent ;  apex  rather  deeply  and 
arcuately  emarginate  at  middle.  Antennae  slender,  moderate  in 
length,  about  attaining  the  posterior  third  of  the  pronotum  ; 
last  four  segments  moderately  compressed ;  segments  two  to 
seven  inclusive  obconical  and  more  or  less  elongate;  the  second 
about  one-half  as  long  as  the  third;  the  latter  two-and-one-half 
times  as  long  as  wide  at  apex;  segments  four,  six,  seven  and 
eight  subequal  in  length,  and  less  than  twice  as  long  as  wide 
at  apex;  eight  obconico-subtriangular,  ninth  and  tenth  triangu- 
lar and  as  long  as  wide;  eleventh,  slightly  smaller  and  widest 
at  middle,  apex  subacute. 

Pronotum  about  one-third  wider  than  long,  widest  in  basal 
half;  apex  broadly  emarginate  between  the  bluntly  rounded 
angles  in  moderate  circular  arc,  marginal  bead  very  narrow  and 
inconspicuous;  sides  arcuately  convergent  anteriorly,  less  so  be- 
hind the  middle  and  parallel;  base  subtransverse,  verv  broadly 
and  feebly  arcuate  in  middle  two-fourths,  thence  broadly  slightly 
sinuate  to  the  moderately,  posteriorly  prominent  angles 
evenly  convex  from  side  to  side  and  rather  antero-laterally  decli- 
vous, sparsely  and  irregularly  punctate,  punctures  smaller  than 


132  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

on  the  head,  the  intervals  indistinctly  punctulate ;  lateral  margins 
distinctly  and  moderately  strongly  beaded ;  submarginal  grooves 
very  narrow  and  rather  deep ;  base  not  beaded. 

Elytra  oblong,  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide  and 
two-and-two-sixths  times  as  long  as  the  pronotum  at  middle ; 
base  truncate,  scutellum  triangular  and  imptmctate ;  humeri 
narrowly  rounded  and  not  prominent  beneath  the  pronotal  basal 
angles ;  sides  straight,  parallel  or  somewhat  convergent  to  apical 
third,  thence  arcuately  convergent  toi  the  subacute  apex.  Disk 
rather  evenly  arcuate  from  side  to  side,  moderately  and  arcu- 
ately declivous  apically ;  punctures  small  and  inconspicuous, 
irregular,  intervals  with  a  number  of  fine,  irregular  feebly  im- 
pressed lines ;  apical  declivity  slightly  rugose.  Marginal  bead 
narrow  and  scarcely  visible  from  above,  except  at  humeri  and 
apically. 

Prosternum  rather  densely  punctate,  punctures  moderately 
small  becoming  somewhat  coarser  on  the  intercoxal  process, 
which  is  feebly  and  rather  indistinctly  margined  laterally  be- 
tween the  coxae,  apex  not  margined.  Propleurae  smooth,  coxal 
convexities  finely  and  longitudinally  rugose.  Sterna  very  finely 
and  sparsely  punctate. 

Abdomen  polished  and  shining,  sparsely  punctulate  and  more 
or  less  irregularly  but  not  strongly  rugose. 

Middle  and  posterior  legs  rather  long,  femora  rather  narrow 
and  parallel ;  the  metafemora  two-fifths  of  their  length  longer 
than  the  mesof emora ;  tarsi  long  and  slender. 

Measurements. — (Types)  Length  17-17.5  mm.;  width  7-8 
mm. 

Holotype,  female,  No.  5077,  and  allotype,  male,  No.  5078, 
Museum  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.  Collected  in 
the  vicinity  of  Reno,  NEVADA,  by  Ira  La  Rivers,  to  whom  the 
species  is  dedicated.  Paratypes  in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences of  Philadelphia.  The  author  in  1902,  collected  a  few 
specimens  along  the  railroad  toward  Truckee  from  Verdi, 
Nevada. 

$  $  . — Form  narrower,   often  more  or  less  cuneate.      Pro- 
sternal  intercoxal  process  slightly  wider  and  feebly  more  con- 
vex, with  the  punctures  a  little  coarser  than  in  the  opposite  sex. 
9  9  . — Form  oblong-oval  and  broader.      Prosternal  process 
more  finely  punctate  and  the  surface  quite  flat. 

Larivcrsi  does  not  belong  to  the  Opaca  Group  of  Casey,  which 
contain  some  of  the  smallest  species  of  the  genus,  and  the  size 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  133 

does  not  as  far  as  known  exceed  10  mm.  One  of  the  species, 
ncvadcnsis  Casey  occurs  at  Reno,  Nevada  and  was  named  from 
a  single  specimen.  In  the  abdominalis,  strcnua,  robusta  Group 
of  Casey,the  body  is  large  in  size  and  much  broader ;  the  pro- 
sternal  process  is  more  apt  to  IDC  margined  throughout.  Twenty- 
two  specimens  studied. 


Addenda  to  the  Odonata  of  Maryland. 

By  HERBERT  H.  MOOREFIELD, 

The  Natural  History  Society  of  Maryland,  Baltimore. 
Since  the  appearance  of  the  recent  "List  of  Maryland  Odo- 
nata", by  Elizabeth  G.  Fisher,*  the  writer  has  compiled  a  few 
further  notes  of  interest  on  the  Anisoptera  of  this  State.  The 
specimens  listed  below  are  deposited  in  the  collection  of  the 
Department  of  Entomology,  Natural  History  Society  of  Mary- 
land, and  were  collected  by  the  writer  unless  otherwise  noted. 
The  majority  of  the  important  collecting  stations  were  de- 
scribed in  Fisher's  report,  and  the  only  one  of  additional  inter- 
est is  Twin  Lakes.  These  are  two  small,  natural  lakes  near 
Lansdowne,  Baltimore  County. 

FAMILY  AESHNIDAE. 
Aeshninae. 

1.  GOMPHAESCHNA  ANTiLOPE  (Hagcn).     Druid  Hill  Park, 
Baltimore  City,  June  5,  2  ?  ,   (D.   N.  Bachrach).     A  male  of 
this  species  was  taken  on  the  eleventh  floor  of   a  downtown 
office  building  of  Baltimore  City  on  the  same  date. 

Cordulegasterinae. 

2.  CORDULEGASTER  OBLiQUUS  (Say),  Bengies,  Harford  Co., 
June  12,  1  9  ,  (D.  N.  Bachrach).     Cross  Country  Blvd.,  Balti- 
more City,  July  5,  1  $  .     This  species  was  depositing  eggs  in  a 
fresh  water  stream  on  June  12,  at  Bengies,  Md. 

FAMILY  LIBELLULIDAE. 
Cordulinae. 

3.  SOMATOCHLORA  FiLOSA  (Hagen).    Tolchester,  Kent  Co., 
August  16,  1  $  . 

*  Ent   News,    1940,   Vol.   LI,   No.  2,   pp.   37-42;    Vol.   LI,    No.   3,   pp. 
67-72. 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

4.  CORDULIA  SHURTLEFFI  Scudder.     Mountain  Lake  Park, 
Garrett  Co.,  June  26,  1  $  ,  (H.  C.  Seibert). 

Libellulinae. 

5.  CELITHEMIS   MONOMELAENA  Williamson.     Twin  Lakes, 
Baltimore  Co.,  June  13,  1  $  ,  1  9  ;  July  8,  1  9  . 

6.  LADONA  EXUSTA  (Say).    Lake  Shore,  Anne  Arundel  Co., 
May  28,  1  $  . 

7.  L.  JULIA  (Uhler).    Lake  Shore,  Anne  Arundel  Co.,  May 
28,  2  $  ;  June  2,  2  S  .     Twin  Lakes,  Baltimore  Co.,  June  26, 
1$. 

8.  LIBELLULA  AXILLENA  Westwood.     Twin  Lakes,   Balti- 
more Co.,  June  13,  1  $  .    Laurel,  Prince  George  Co.,  July,  1  $  . 

9.  LEUCORRHINIA   INTACTA    (Hagen).      Hillendale,   Balti- 
more Co.,  July  6,  1  9  ,  (H.  C.  Seibert). 

10.  TRAPEZOSTIGMA  CAROLINA   (Linnaeus).     Lake  Shore, 
Anne  Arundel  Co.,  May  28,  1  $  ;  June  2,  2  $  ;  August  6,  2  S  . 
Twin   Lakes,   Baltimore  Co.,  June   13,    1  $  ,  Tolchester,   Kent 
Co.,   August   16,   1  $  .     This   species  was  observed  mating  at 
Lake  Shore,  on  June  2. 


A  New  Species  of  Trox  from  Texas 
(Coleoptera:  Scarabaeidae). 

By  MARK  ROBINSON,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Trox  (Omorgus)  fuliginosus  new  species. 

This  interesting  species  is  closely  related  to  the  well  known 
T.  monachus  Herbst,  but  can  readily  be  distinguished  by  the 
color  differences  and  dissimilarity  of  the  male  genitalia.  The 
elytra  tubercules  are  usually  a  little  higher  and  the  wings  a 
trifle  longer  in  monachus. 

Oblong ;  iron-gray  opaque  coating  over  entire  body  except 
head,  thoracic  and  elytral  tubercules,  elytral  umbones,  tibiae 
and  tarsi  which  have  an  ochraceous-yellow  opaque  coating. 
The  opaque  coating  under  a  high  magnification  might  be  called 
granule-pollinose. 

Clypeus  triangular;  vertex  of  head  with  two  tubercules  side 
by  side,  in  front  of  each  of  which  near  the  clypeal  margin  is 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  135 

a  deep  pit.     Entire  anterior  and  side  margin  of  head  strongly 
reflexed  and  fimbriate  with  ochraceous-orange  hairs. 

Thoracic  ridges  and  tubercules  as  usual  in  this  subgenus ; 
side  margins  evenly  rounded  except  near  the  hind  angles  where 
they  are  deeply  incised,  hind  margin  indicated  with  a  raised 
line  especially  laterally.  Dorsal  surface  of  ridges  and  tubercles 
moderately  not  densely  punctured,  each  puncture  bearing  a 
short  ochraceous-orange  scale  like  hair. 

Elytral  tubercules  low,  oval ;  arranged  in  four  primary  rows 
in  addition  to  the  sutural  row ;  between  each  of  these  rows  is 
a  vague  line  of  minute  tubercles  and  between  the  rows  of 
smaller  and  larger  tubercles  is  a  line  of  shallow  punctures. 
Humeral  and  apical  umbone  prominent. 

Scape  of  antenna  black;  bristling  with  rather  long  ochra- 
ceous-orange hairs  ;  funicle  reddish,  glabrous ;  club  ochraceous- 
yellow.  Apical  process  of  anterior  tibiae  unifid,  side  margin 
of  tibiae  without  trace  of  denticles,  plane.  Abdominal  plates 
with  a  few  scattered  punctures. 

The  male  genitalia  of  the  present  species  are  generally  wider 
and  blunter  than  uionacJuts;  the  inner  margins  of  the  claspers 
are  expanded  posteriorly  until  they  form  nearly  parallel  lines 
for  one-fifth  the  length  of  the  genitalia;  in  monachus  this  sec- 
tion of  the  genitalia  forms  an  ovate  figure.  Viewed  laterally, 
the  tips  of  the  claspers  are  longer  and  bent  downward  a  trifle 
more  than  they  are  in  monachus. 

Wings:    Length,  16.9  mm.;  Breadth,  6.0  mm. 

Length,  14.2  to  15.1  mm.;  Breadth,  7.8  to  8.5  mm. 

Type. —  $  ,  New  Braunfels,  Comal  County,  TEXAS,  April  10, 
1902  (H.  Mittendorf).  [In  the  collection  of  the  United  States 
National  Museum]. 

Allotype. —  9  ,  With  same  data  as  type.  [In  collection  of  the 
United  States  National  Museum]. 

Paratypes. — 1  $  ,  With  same  data  as  type.  1  9  ,  Harris  County, 
TEXAS,  May  1909  (C.  R.  Oerto).  [Both  specimens  are  in  the 
collection  of  the  author]. 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

Western  Aphid  Notes1  (Homoptera:  Aphididae). 

By  GEORGE  F.  KNOWLTON^. 

The  following  report  adds  to  the  known  distribution  of  a 
number  of  aphids  and  includes  the  description  of  one  apparently 
undescribed  species  of  the  genus  Aphis. 

BREVICORYNE  SYMPHORICARPI  (Thos.).  Gallatin  Valley, 
Montana,  July  16,  1936  (Knowlton). 

CAVARIELLA  CAPREAE  (Fab.).  On  Sallx,  Weber  Canyon, 
Utah;  on  Umbelliferae  at  Puyallup,  Washington,  July  28,  1937 
(H.  C.  Bennion). 

C.  ESSIGI  (Gill.).  On  Hcracleum  lanatwn  at  Spring  Hollow, 
Logan  Canyon,  Utah,  June  19,  1938  (Knowlton-W.  P.  Nye). 

APHIS  HERACLELLA  Davis.    On  C-icuta  occidentalis  at  Lewis- 
ton,  Utah,  July  13,  1923  (Knowlton). 
Aphis  tetradymia  n.  sp. 

Apterous  vlvlpara.  Color  bluish  green;  size,  1.3  mm.  long 
and  0.75  mm.  wide ;  antennae  0.81  mm.  long,  dusky  to  black ; 
antennal  III,  0.18  to  0.2  mm.  long,  with  0  to  4  sensoria  on 
distal  half;  IV,  0.09  to  0.1  with  0  to  1  sensorium;  V,  0.09  to 
0.1;  VI,  0.09+0.16  to  0.2  mm.  long;  rostrum  reaching  ab- 
domen; rostral  IV+V  rather  thick,  0.13  mm.  long;  hind  tibiae 
0.6  to  0.71  mm.;  hind  tarsi  0.1  ;  cornicles  blackish,  imbricated, 
0.11  to  0.13  mm.  long,  slightly  wider  toward  base;  cauda 
blackish  with  4  to  5  hairs  on  each  side  and  3  on  dorsal  to  dorso- 
lateral  surfaces. 

Aphis  tetradymia  resembles  A.  crypt  us  P.-K.,  but  differs  in 
having  shorter,  thicker  rostral  IV-f-V,  more  slender  body,  and 
in  possessing  fewer  conspicuous  abdominal  tubercles.  It 
differs  from  A.  maidi-radicis  Forbes  in  being  smaller  in  size, 
having  longer  antennae,  fewer  hairs  on  cauda,  usually  posses- 
sing sensoria  on  antennal  III  and  IV  of  aptera,  and  having  a 
darker  bluish-green  body  color. 

Described  from  wingless  specimens  collected  upon  Tetra- 
dymia cancsccns  at  Fisher's  Pass,  Tooele  County,  UTAH,  Aug- 
ust 16,  1932  (G.  F.  Knowlton).  Type  in  the  collection  of  the 
writer. 

1  Contribution    from   the    Entomology    Department,    Utah    Agricultural 
Experiment   Station,  Logan. 

2  Research  associate  professor. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  137 

EPAMEIBAPHIS  ATRICORNIS  G.-P.  On  Artemisia,  usually 
tridenlata,  in  Utah  at  Beaver  Dam,  Circleville,  Hansel's  Moun- 
tains and  Maple  Canyon ;  in  Idaho  at  Preston  and  Rexburg, 
1935  (C.  F.  Smith)  ;  in  Colorado  at  De  Beque,  1935.  Cross 
Mountains  and  Elk  Springs,  June  25,  1937  (Knowlton). 

E.  UTAHENSIS   K.-S.      On   Artemisia   vulgaris  in    Utah   at 
Blacksmith  Fork  Canyon,  June  10,  1930;  on  A.  tridentata  at 
Providence,    August    26,    1925,    Raft    River    Mountains,    and 
Woodruff  Mountains  (Knowlton)  ;  Levan,  Salt  Lake  City,  and 
Vernon  (Knowlton-C.  F.  Smith). 

FLABELLOMICROSIPHUM  KNOWLTONI  Smith.  On  Artemisia 
tridentata,  Bountiful  and  Roy,  Utah,  June  4,  1937  (Knowlton- 
Smith). 

F.  TRIDENTATAE    (Wilson).       On    Artemisia    tridentata    at 
Beaver  Dam,  Hansel's  Mountains,  Junction  Valley,  Manti  and 
Portage,  in   Utah;   Palisade,  August  24,    1925  and   Sunbeam, 
June  25,  1937,  in  Colorado  (Knowlton). 

PSEUDOEPAMEIBAPHIS  Essici  K.-S.  On  Artemisia  tridentata 
at  Kelton  and  Morgan,  Utah  (Knowlton). 

P.  GLAUCA  G.-P.  On  Artemisia  tridentata  in  Utah  at  Bounti- 
ful. Butlerville,  Peterson,  Roy  and  Strawberry  Valley  (Knowl- 
ton-Smith). 

P.  TRIDENTATAE  (Wilson).  On  Artemisia  tridentata  at  Pali- 
sade, Colorado,  August  24,  1935  (Knowlton)  ;  at  Burly,  Idaho, 
July  9,  1931  (D.  E.  Fox). 

P.  XENOTRICHUS  K.-S.  On  Artemisia  tridentata  in  Brigham 
Canyon,  Utah,  August  29,  1936  (Knowlton). 

RHOPALOSIPHUM  GRABHAMI  Ckll.  On  Lonicera  involucrata, 
Eden  and  Logan,  Utah,  June  1937  (Knowlton-Smith-F.  C. 
Harmston)  ;  Mt.  Vernon,  Washington,  June  8,  1935  (A.  J. 
Hanson). 

R.  MELLIFERUM  (Hottes).  In  Idaho  at  Blue  Gulch,  Castle- 
ford,  Hollister  and  Wendell  (  D.  E.  Fox). 

R.  RI-IOIS  Mon.  On  Rhns  at  Granite,  Utah,  August  1935 
(Knowlton). 

R.  RUFOMACULATA  (\Vilson).  On  Chrysanthemum  at  Logan, 
Utah,  in  greenhouse,  January  10,  1934  (C.  F.  Smith). 


138  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

R.  SCIRPIFOLII  G.-P.    Blue  Gulch,  Idaho  (D.  E.  Fox). 

MINUTICORNIS  GRAVJDUS  Knit.  On  Juniperns  at  Pocatello, 
Idaho,  June  18,  1936  (Knowlton). 

TOXOPTERA  VIRIDI-RUBRA  G.-P.  Wendell,  Idaho,  1930  (Fox). 

AMPHOROPHORA  CRATAEGI  (Mon.).  Hollister,  Idaho,  1930 
(Fox). 

A.  GERANII  (G.-P.).    Buhl,  Idaho,  October  17,  1930  (Fox). 

A.  GRINDELIAE  (Will.).  On  Griudclia  squarrosa,  Logan, 
Utah,  July  4,  1935;  and  Franklin,  Idaho  (Knowlton). 

A.  RUBI  (Kalt. ).  On  raspberry,  Hamilton,  Montana  (W. 
Shockley). 

BIPERSONA  TORTICAUDA  (Gill.).  On  Cirsium  at  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  June  15,  1937  (Knowlton)  ;  and  Florence,  Mon- 
tana (H.  F.  Dietz). 

CAPITOPHORUS  BITRICHUS  K.-S.  On  Artemisia  tridentata, 
Hyrum.  Utah,  August  23,  1938  (Knowlton). 

C.  GILLETTEI  Theob.  On  Polygomtin,  Enumclaw,  Washing- 
ton, August  18,  1937  (H.  C.  Reunion). 

C.  POTENTILLAE  (Walk.).  On  Rosa  nntkana,  near  Forks, 
Washington,  August  27,  1936  (W.  W.  Baker). 

C.  OESTLUNDI  Knit.  On  Chrysothamnus  nauseosus  at  Elko, 
Nevada,  June  16,  1934  (Knowlton). 

C.  PYCNORHISUS  K.-S.  On  Chrysothamnus  viscidiflorus  at 
Riverdale,  Idaho,  July  24,  1936  (C.  F.  Smith). 

C.  QUADRITRICHUS  K.-S.  On  Artemisia  tridentata  at  Sun- 
beam, Colorado,  June  25,  1937  (Knowlton). 

C.  ZOOMONTANUS  K.-S.  On  Artemisia  vulgaris  at  Afton, 
Wyoming,  July  19,  1936  (Knowlton). 

MACROSIPHUM  CREELI  Davis.  On  alfalfa,  Mathews,  Ephrata, 
Washington  (A.  C.  Bun-ill). 

M.   EUPHORBIAE    (Th.).      Castleford   and   Hollister,   Idaho, 

August  1930  (D.  E.  Fox). 

—    •   — 

Honor  to  an  Entomologist. 

Science  for  April  25,  1941,  states  that  Hugh  Scott,  assistant 
keeper  of  entomology,  British  Museum  (Natural  History), 
has  been  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  139 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    V.    S.    L.    PATE,    L.    S.    MACKEY    and    J.    W.    CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Ar:ielmid;i  :md 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  lie  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Adamson,  A.  M. — The  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  insect  pests.  [Trop.  Agric.]  18:  43-47.  Anon. 
How  to  make  an  insect  collection.  [Ward's  Nat.  Sci.  Est., 
Inc.]  1940:  30  pp.,  ill.  Berezina,  V.  M.— A  fragment  to  the 
method  of  investigating  the  part  played  by  the  light  in  the 
life  of  insects.  [Bull.  Plant  Prot.  Lenin  Ac.  Ag.  Sci.]  No. 
3 :  37-38.  Blatchley,  W.  S.— Obituary  with  portrait,  by  W. 
T.  Davis.  [19]  36:  18-19.  Blatchley,"  W.  S.— Obituary.  By 
V.  M.  Tanner.  [120]  2:  33-35.  Calvert,  P.  P.— Catalogues 
of  current  scientific  literature.  [Science]  93:  209-210.  Gil- 
lette, Clarence  Preston. — Obituary,  with  portrait,  by  G.  M  . 
List.  [12]  34:  129-130.  Herrick  &  Griswold.— Common  in- 
sects of  the  household.  [Cornell  Ext.  Bull.]  No.  202:  66 
pp.,  ill.  Jones,  T.  H. — Obituary  notice.  By  Hyslop  &  Graf. 
[10]  43:  60-62,  ill.  Knowlton"  &  Harmston.— Insect  food 
of  the  Chipping  Sparrow.  [12]  34:  123-124.  Martorell,  L. 
F. — Some  notes  on  forest  entomology  IV.  [The  Caribbean 
Forester]  2:  80-82.  Silvestri,  F. — Importancia  de  la  En- 
tomologia  en  la  Economia  Mundial.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien. 
Biol.  Mex.j  1:  301-315.  Smith,  H.  S.— Racial  segregation 
in  insect  populations  and  its  significance  in  applied  ento- 
mology. [12 1  34:  1-13.  Spencer,  G.  J. — Lead  or  tin  tubes 
in  a  biological  laboratory.  [4]  73:  54.  Swingle,  Gahan  & 
Phillips. — Laboratory  rearing  of  certain  leaf-eating  insects. 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

[12]  34:  90-95,  ill.  Warren,  B.  C.  S.— A  few  comments  on 
some  inconsistent  criticism.  [9]  74:  51-53.  Woodworth, 
Chas.  Wm. — Obituary  with  portrait,  by  E.  O.  Essig.  [12] 
34:  128-129. 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Abbott,   C.   E.- 

Concerning  the  musculature  of  the  male  genitalia  in  Pan- 
orpa  nuptialis   (Mecoptera).    [6]   49:  43-46,  ill.     Bryson  & 
Dillon. — Observations  on  the  morphology  of  the  corn  seed 
beetle,  Agonoderus  pallipes    (Carabid.).    [7]    34:  43-50,   ill. 
Cumpston,  D.  M. — On  the  external  morphology  and  biology 
of  Heteronychus  sanctae-helenae  and  Metanastes  vulgiva- 
gus  (Scarab.).  [Pro.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.]  65:  289-300,  ill. 
Ermolaev,  M.  F. — The  biology  of  Thrips  linarius  and  con- 
trol measures  against  it.   [Bull.  Plant  Prot.  Lenin  Ac.  Ag. 
Sci.]    No.   3:   23-34,   ill.     Geigy   &   Zinkernagel.— Beobach- 
tungen    beim    Aufbau    einer    technischen    Grosszucht    der 
Kleidermotte    (Tineola    biselliella).    [41]     18:    213-232,    ill. 
Giral,  F. — Pigmentos  fluorescentes  de  insectos  y  bacterias. 
[Rev.  Soc.  Mexicana  Hist.  Nat.]  1:  243-254,  ill.    Hagmann, 
L.  E. — A  method  for  injecting  insect  tracheae  permanently. 
[Stain   Technology]    15:    115-118,   ill.      Hanstrom,   B.— Die 
chromatophoraktivierende     substanz     des     insektenkopfes. 
[Lunds  Univ.  Arsskrift]   36:  20  pp.,  ill.     Hawley  &  Dob- 
bins.— Mortality  among  hibernating  larvae  of  the  Japanese 
beetle  with  special  reference  to  conditions  in  the  winter  of 
1935-36.  [6]  49:  47-56,  ill.     Hitchcock  &  Haub.— The  inter- 
conversion    of    foodstuffs    in    the    blowfly    ( Phormia    regina) 
during    metamorphosis.    I. — Respiratory    metabolism    and 
nitrogen  excretion.     [7]  34:  17-25;  32-37,  ill.     III.— Chem- 
ical composition  of  larvae,  pupae  and  adults.     Holdsworth, 
R.  P. — The  histology  of  the  wing  pads  of  the  early  instars 
of  Pteronarcys  proteus    (Plecoptera).    [5]    47:    112-120,   ill. 
Kozhanchikov,  I.  V. — The  importance  of  the  physical  con- 
ditions of  environment  upon  the  development  of  the  eggs 
of  the  gipsy  moth   (Lymantria  dispar).    [Bull.  Plant  Prot. 
Lenin  Ac.  Ag.  Sci.]   No.  3  (1940)  3-16,  ill.     Effect  of  eco- 
logical factors  upon  the  variability  of  certain  Lepidoptera 
during  the  period  of  their  growth  and  development.  [Trav. 
Inst.  Zool.  Acad.  Sci.  URSS]  6:  64-114.  ill.     Kozhantschi- 
kov,  J.  W. — Influence  of  ecological  factors  on  development 
and   variability   of   lepidoptera.    [Bull.    Acad.    Sci.    URRS] 
1940,  761-782, 'ill.     Lotmar,  R. — Das  Mitteldarmepithel  der 
Raupe  von  Tineola  biselliella  (Kleidermotte),  insbesondere 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  141 

sein  Verhalten  wahrend  cler  Hautungen.  |41]  18:  233-248, 
ill.  Ludwig  &  Fox. — Further  studies  of  conditions  influenc- 
ing" the  survival  of  Japanese  beetles  through  metamorpho- 
sis. [6]  49:  65-75.  Mickey,  Carpenter,  Cumley  &  Burdette. 
— Experiments  on  culture  media  in  regard  to  oviposition 
and  mass  production  of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [6]  49: 
77-84.  Nesbitt,  H.  H.  J. — A  comparative  morphological 
study  of  the  nervous  system  of  the  Orthoptera  and  related 
orders.  |7J  34:  5! -81, 'ill.  Patton,  Hitchcock  &  Haub.- 
The  intercon version  of  food-stuffs  in  the  blowfly  (Phormia 
regina)  during  metamorphosis.  II. — Changes  in  composi- 
tion as  determined  by  the  oxycalorimeter.  [7]  34:  26-31,  ill. 
Putman,  W.  L. — The  feeding  habit  of  certain  leafhoppers 
(Homoptera:  Cicadellidae)  '[4]  73:  39-53,  ill.  Roth  & 
Rowland. — Studies  on  the  gaseous  secretion  of  Tribolium 
confusum.  I. — Abnormalities  produced  in  Tribolium  con- 
fusum  by  exposure  to  a  secretion  given  off  by  the  adults. 
[7]  34:  151-176,  ill.  Shaw,  F.  R. — Bee  poisoning:  a  review 
of  the  more  important  literature.  [12]  34:  16-21.  Strelni- 
kov,  I.  D. — The  effect  of  solar  radiation  and  hunger  on  the 
pulsation  of  the  heart  of  the  caterpillars  of  Phytometra 
gamma.  [Trav.  Inst.  Zool.  Acad.  Sci.  URSS]  6:  266-288. 
ill.  Sweetman,  H.  L. — Tests  for  toxicity  of  arsenicals  and 
sodium  fluoride  to  the  American  roach,  Periplaneta  amer- 
icana.  [4]  73:  31-34.  Tshernova,  O.  A. — Report  on  biology 
and  morphology  of  Pleonomus  tereticollis  ( Elateridae). 
[Trav.  Inst.  Zool.  Acad.  Sci.  URSS]  6:  138-149,  ill.  Weiss, 
Soraci  &  McCoy. — Notes  on  the  reactions  of  certain  insects 
to  different  wave-lengths  of  light.  [6]  49:  1-20,  ill.  Wes- 
son, L.  G. — See  under  Hymenoptera. 

ARACHNIDA    AND    MYRIOPODA.— Chamberlain    & 

Mulaik.— On  a  collection  of  Millipeds  from  Texas  and  New 
Mexico.  1 6]  49:  57-64  (*).  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— New  Poly- 
desmoid  Diplopods  intercepted  at  quarantine  [10]  43:32- 
35,  ill.  (S).  Lundblad,  O. — Weitere  neue  Wassermilben 
aus  Brasilien  uncl  Paraguay.  |28]  62:  122-126.  McGregor, 
E.  A. — A  new  spinning  mite  attacking  strawberry  on  the 
mid-atlantic  coast.  [10]  43:  26-28,  ill.  Michelbacher,  A.  E. 
-Two  genera  of  Symphyla  new  to  the  United  States,  with 
descriptions  of  three  n. 'spp.  [7]  34:  139-150.  ill.  Parker, 
M.  V. — Preliminary  list  of  spiders  collected  in  the  vicinity 
of  Reelfoot  Lake,  Tennessee.  [Jour.  Tenn.  Acad.  Sci.j  16: 
88-91.  Seyler,  P.  J. — The  generic  and  specific  static  of 


142  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

four  Ohio  spiders  of  the  gen.  Agelenopsis.   [43]   41  :  51-69, 
ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS   OF  INSECTS.— Bick,  G. 

H. — Life-history  of  the  dragonfly,  Erythemis  simplicicollis 
(Odonata:  Libellul.).  [7]  34:  215-230',  ill.  Bolivar  y  Piel- 
tain,  C. — Estudio  de  tin  nuevo  Zoraptero  de  Mexico.  [An. 
Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mex.]  1:  515-522,  ill.  Claassen,  P. 
W. — A  catalogue  of  the  Plecoptera  of  the  World.  [Cornell 
Univ.  Ag.  Exp.  Sta.]  Mem.  232:  235  pp.  Coleman,  T.  C.- 
The  Poduridae  of  southern  California.  [13]  33:  1-12,  ill. 
da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Nota  sobre  as  especies  de  "Tunga 
(Tungidae).  [Acta  Medica]  5:  4  pp.  Crampton,  G.  C.— 
The  mating  habits  of  the  Avinter  Mecopteron,  Borcus  bru- 
malis.  [5]  47:  125-128,  ill.  Davis,  C.— Taxonomic  notes 
on  the  order  Embioptera.  [Pro.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.]  65: 
323-352;  362-387,  ill.  Denning,  D.  G.— Descriptions  and 
notes  on  new  and  little  known  spp.  of  Trichoptera.  [7]  34: 
195-203,  ill.  Fox,  I, — New  or  little  known  North  American 
Japygidae  (Thysanura).  [4]  73:  28-31,  ill.  Hood,  J.  D.— La 
causa  y  el  significado  del  macropterismo  y  braquipterismo 
en  ciertos  Tisanopteros,  y  descripcion  de  una  nueva  especie 
Mexicana.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mex.]  1:  497-505,  ill. 
Un  nuevo  Teuchothrips  (Thysanoptera)  procedente  de 
Mexico.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mex.]  1:  507-511. 
Kimmins,  D.  E. — A  revision  of  the  osmylid  sub-families 
Stenosmylinae  and  Kalosmylinae.  [71]  42:  165-201,  ill. 
Spieth,  H.  T.- — The  North  American  Ephemeropteran  types 
of  the  Rev.  A.  E.  Eaton.  |7[  34:  87-98,  ill.  Stabler,  N.- 
The  life  history  of  Phloeothrips  (Hoplandrothrips)  syca- 
moremsis  (Thysanoptera).  [55]  17:  31-33.  Tjeder,  B.— 
Some  remarks  on  "The  generic  names  of  the  British  Neur- 
optera."  [28]  62:  24-31,  ill.  Revisions  of  the  Scandinavian 
Neuroptera  (s.  str.)  and  Mecoptera  recorded  by  J.  W.  Zet- 
terstedt,  H.  J.  D.  Wallengren  and  others.  [Opuscula  Ent.] 
5:  67-114.  Walker,  E.  M. — New  record  of  Odonata  from 
Manitoba.  [4]  73:  35-36. 

ORTHOPTERA.— da  Costa  Lima,  A.— Urn  novo  grilo 
cavernicola  de  Minas  Gerais.  (Phalangopsitid.).  [Pap. 
Avul.  Dept.  Zool.,  Sao  Paulo]  I:  43-49,  ill.  Dampf,  A.- 
Un  caso  de  fitomimetismo  en  un  Ortoptero  Mexicano. 
[An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mex.]  1  :  525-532,  ill.  Ebner, 
R. — Orthopterologische  studien  in  Sud-Portugal.  [Bro- 
teria]  10:  5-28,  ill.  Flock,  R.  A.— The  field  roach,  Blatella 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  143 

vaga.  [12]  34:  121.  La  Rivers,  I. — Response  of  Anabrus 
simplex  to  temperature.  [12]  34:  121-122.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G. 
-Two  new  Ommexychid  locusts  of  the  genus  Parossa, 
with  a  key  to  the  species  (Acrididae).  [Notulae  Nat.]  No. 
79:  11  pp.,  ill.  Rehn,  J.  W.  H. — A  new  genus  of  mellierid 
mantid  from  Venezuela  (Manteid.).  [Notulae  Nat.]  No.  70: 
4  pp.,  ill.  Rehn  &  Rehn. — The  Orthoptera  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  Part  II.  Acrididae;  Cyrtacanthacrid ;  group  Cyr- 
tacanthacrides.  [Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.]  92:  245-287, 
ill.  Roberts,  H.  R. — A  new  species  of  Philocleon  from 
Mexico  (Acridid.).  [Notulae  Nat.]  No.  76:  4  pp.,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Balduf,  W.  V.— Life  history  of  Phymata 
pennsylvanica  americana  (Phymat.)  [7]  34:  204-214. 
Cooper,  K.  W. — -Davispia  bearcreekensis,  a  new  cicada 
from  the  paleocene,  with  a  brief  review  of  the  fossil  Cica- 
didae.  [Amer.  Jour.  Sci.]  239:  286-304,  ill.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. 
— Novo  Hemiptero  Reduviideo  da  sub-familia  Vesciinae. 
[Arq.  Zool.  Est.  Sao  Paulo]  1  :  485-490,  ill.  Urn  novo 
Ceroplastes  gigante  (Coccid.).  [Pap.  Avul.  Dept.  Zool., 
S.  Paulo]  1:  9-11,  ill.  Craig,  F.  W.— Observations  on  the 
periodical  cicada.  [12]  34:  122-123.  Davis,  W.  T.— New 
Cicadas  from  North  America  with  notes.  [6]  49:  85-99,  ill. 
DeLong,  D.  M. — The  red-banded  Osbornellus  spp.  of  the 
auronitens  group  occurring  in  the  United  States  (Cicadelli- 
dae).  [7]  34:  179-180,  ill.  (*).  The  gen.  Prescottia  (Cica- 
dellidae)  in  North  America.  [7]  34:  181-182,  ill.  (*).  A  n. 
gen.  (Knullana)  and  two  n.  spp.  of  leafhoppers  (Cicadel- 
lidae)  from  Mexico.  [43]  41  :  86-88,  ill.  Los  Phlepsidos 
(Phlepsius  y  Texananus)  de  Mexico  (Cicadellid.).  [An. 
Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mex.]  1  :  379-404,  ill.  DeLong  & 
Knull.— Two  n.  spp.  of  Osbornellus  from  the  southwestern 
United  States.  (Cicadellidae).  [7]  34:  177-178,  ill.  Ferris, 
G.  F. — Contributions  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Coccoidea. 
IX.  A  forgotten  genus  of  the  family  Margarodidae.  X. 
Illustrations  of  eleven  genotypes  of  the  Diaspididae.  XT. 
A  new  genus  in  the  Pseudococcidae.  [117]  6:  6-28,  ill. 
A  new  species  of  Stomacoccus.  |  1 17|  6:  29-32,  ill.  Hunger- 
ford,  H.  B. — A  remarkable  new  Naucorid  water  bug.  |7| 
34:  1-4,  ill.  McKenzie,  H.  L.— -A  new  species  of  the  genns 
Matsucoccus  attacking  Pinon  Pine  in  California  [1171  6: 
2-5,  ill.  Ossiannilsson,  F. — Some  new  Fulgorina  <Ib>mMp 
tera)  from  Java  and  South  America.  [Opuscula  Knt.]  5: 
41-46,  ill.  Pelaez,  D. — Los  estadios  ninfales  de  Umbonia 


144  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

crassicornis.  [An.  Inst.  Biol.  Mex.]  11:  611-632,  ill.  Ruckes, 
H. — Note  on  the  feeding  habits  of  Brochymena  carolinensis 
in  Florida  (Pentatomiclae).  [19]  36:  27-28.  Usinger,  R.  L. 
-Key  to  the  subfamilies  of  Naucaoridae  with  a  generic 
synopsis  of  the  new  subfamily  Ambrysinae.  [7]  73:  5-16, 
ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bell,  E.  L.— A  new  genus  and  some 
new  species  of  Hesperidae  from  Peru,  in  the  Bassler  Col- 
lection. [40]  No.  1094:  7  pp.,  ill.  Benander,  P.— Revision 
von  Zetterstedts  lapplandischen  Microlepidoptera.  [Opu- 
scula  Ent.]  5:  49-65,  ill.  Brown,  F.  M. — Some  notes  on 
four  primary  reference  works  for  Lepidoptera.  [7]  34:  127- 
138.  Clark,  A.  H. — Synonymical  notes  on  Rhopalocera.] 
[10]  43:  36.  Clench,  H.  K. — Notes  on  two  Bahaman  Lyca- 
enidae,  with  the  description  of  a  new  subspecies.  [Torreia] 
No.  7:  7  pp.  Davenport,  D. — The  butterflies  of  the  satyrid 
genus  Coenonympha.  (Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  87:  215-349, 
ill.  Dethier,  V.  G. — The  antennae  of  lepidopterous  larvae. 
[Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  87:  455-507,  ill.  Forbes,  W.  T. 
M. — Las  Danides  del  norte  de  Venezuela.  [Bol.  Soc.  Vene- 
zol.  Cien.  Nat.]  6:  308-317.  The  position  of  Utetheisa  gala- 
pagensis  (Arctiidae).  [6]  49:  101-110,  ill.  Hartig,  F.- 
Neue  Microlepidopteren.  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Ges.]  31  : 
154-163.  Hoffmann,  C.  C. — Lepidopteros  nuevos  de  Mexico. 
[An.  Inst.  Biol.  Mex.]  11:  633-638,  ill.  Catalogo  sistema- 
tico  y  zoogeografico  de  los  Lepidopteros  Mexicanos.  [An. 
Inst.  Biol.  Mex.]  11:  639-739,  ill.  Kozhantshikov,  I.  V.- 
(See  under  Anatomy).  Kozhantschikov,  J.  W. —  (See 
under  Anatomy).  McElvare,  R.  R. — Validity  of  the  species 
Heliothis  subflexa.  [19]  36:  29-30.  Mooser,  O. — Enumera- 
tion de  los  esfingidos  Mexicanos.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien. 
Biol.  Mex.]  1:  407-494,  ill.  Schaus,  W.— New  species  of 
heterocerous  moths  in  the  LInited  States  National  Museum. 
[50]  89:  497-511.  (S).  Tindale,  N.  B.— Ghost  moths  of  the 
family  Hepialidae.  [So.  Australian  Nat.]  19:  1-6,  ill.  Tul- 
loch,  J.  B.  G. — Mass  movement  of  Pieris  brassicae  and  P. 
rapae.  |9]  74:  32-35.  Urquhart,  F.  A. — A  proposed  method 
for  marking  migrant  butterflies.  [4]  73:  21-22.  Wheeler, 
G. — Specific  names  in  the  Erebias,  and  others,  with  a  pro- 
test. [9]  74:  25-27. 

DIPTERA. — Alexander,  C.  P. — New  or  insufficiently 
known  crane-flies  from  the  Nearctic  region  (Tipulidae), 
Pt.  VII.  [19]  36:  12-17.  N.  spp.  of  crane-flies  (Tipulidae) 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  145 

from  South  America,  Pt.  IX.  [7]  34:  231-254.  Anon— Fly 
reverses  role;  catches  spicier  in  web.  |  Sci.  News  Letter) 
1941 :  3-4,  ill.  Nota  Acerca  de  los  mosquitos  del  Lago  de 
Patzcuaro.  [An.  Inst.  de  Biol.  Mex.]  11:  465-467,  ill.  Bou- 
vier,  G. — Quelques  observations  biologiques  sur  les  Taba- 
nides.  [41]  18:  280-285,  ill.  Breland,  O.  P.— See  under 
Hymenoptera.  Cresson,  E.  T.,  Jr. — The  species  of  the 
neotropical  genus  Nostima  (Ephydridae).  [Notulae  Nat.] 
No.  78:  8  pp.,  ill.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Neotropical  Neoem- 
pheria  (Mycetophilid.).  [71]  42:  107-129,  ill.  Gerberg  & 
Goble. — A  new  record  for  Lipoptena  cervi  (Hippoboscidae) 
in  New  York  State.  [19]  36:  26.  Kumm  &  Homp.— Aedes 
(Howardina)  allotecnon,  a  n.  sp.  of  Aedes  from  Costa  Rica, 
and  a  description  of  the  larva,  adult,  and  male  terminalia 
of  A.  quadrivittatus  (Culic.).  [10]  43:  17-25,  ill.  Quinby, 
G.  E. — Additions  to  the  mosquitoes  (Culicidae)  of  the 
Reelfoot  Lake  Region.  [Jour.  Tenn.  Acad.  Sci.]  16:  17-21. 
Reeves,  W.  C. — The  mosquito  genus  Mansonia  in  Cali- 
fornia. [55]  17:  28.  Sabrosky,  C.  W.— The  Hippelates 
flies  or  eye  gnats:  preliminary  notes.  [4]  73:  23-27,  (k*). 
Shaw,  F.  R. — Notes  on  the  Mycetophilidae  of  the  Great 
Smokies  Mountains.  [19]  36:  23-24.  Shillito,  J.  F.— Studies 
on  Diopsidae.  [71]  42:  147-163,  ill.  Simmons,  S.  W.- 
Removal  of  Gasterophilus  eggs  from  horse  hair.  [12]  34: 
116-117.  Snyder,  F.  M. — A  review  of  the  genus  Myospila 
rondani  with  descriptions  of  new  species  (Muscidae).  [40] 
No.  1087:  10  pp.,  ill.  Vargas,  L. — Anopheles  barberi  en 
Mexico.  [Rev.  Inst.  Salubridad  y  Enfermed.  Trop.  Mex.] 
1 :  319-322,  ill.  Wilcox  &  Martin. — The  genus  Dioctria  in 
North  America  (Asilid.).  [70]  21:  38  pp.,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— Balthasar,  V.— Eine  reihe  von  neuen 
coprophagen  Scarabaeiden.  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Ges.j  31  : 
164-184,  ill.  Barber,  H.  S. — Some  flea  beetles  injurious  to 
beans  in  tropical  America  (gen.  Diphaulaca :  Chrysomel.). 
[10]  43:  65-68,  (k*).  Notoxus  bicolor  Say  a  homonym 
(Anthicidae).  [19]  36:  25-26.  Benick,  L. — Zwei  neue  mexi- 
kanische  Stenusarten  (Staph.).  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent. 
Ges.]  31:  222-227,  ill.  Noch  ein  Philippinen-Stenus  ( Sta- 
phyl.)-  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Ges.]  31:  250-252.  Blais- 
dell,  F.  E. — A  n.  sp.  of  Eleodes  from  northeastern  Arizona 
(Tenebrion.).  [55]  17:  37-39.  Buchanan,  L.  L. — A  n.  sp. 
of  Smicronyx  from  Saskatchewan  and  synonymical  notes 
(Curculio.).  [10]  43:  29-32,  ill.  Cartwright,  O.  L.— Con- 


146  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

cerning  the  distribution  of  Ataenius  miamii  (Scarab.)  [19] 
36:  33.  Cazier,  M.  A. — N.  spp.  of  North  American  Diplo- 
taxis  (Scarabaeid.)  [5]  47:  136-145.  New  synonymy  in 
the  Schizopini  (Buprestidae).  [19]  36:  31-33.  N.  spp.  and 
new  synonymy  in  Calif ornian  Acmaeodera  (Buprestid.). 
[The  Wassmann  Collector]  4:  57-59.  Chapin,  E.  A.— Two 
new  species  of  coccinellid  beetles  from  Costa  Rica  and 
Columbia.  [91]  31:  107-109,  ill.  Christian,  M.  B.— Biology 
of  the  powder-post  beetles,  Lyctus  planicollis  and  Lyctus 
parallelopipedus.  [La.  Conserv.  Rev.]  1940-41:  56-59,  ill. 
da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Sobre  um  curioso  besouro  da  Amazo- 
nia. (RutelluL).  [O  Campo]  1940:  61-62,  ill.  Cumpston, 
D.  M. — See  under  Anatomy.  Gebien,  H. — Katalog  der 
Tenebrioniden.  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Ges.]  31 :  331-362. 
Gourlay,  E.  S. — Fuller's  rose  weevil,  Asynonychus  (Pan- 
tomerus)  godmani,  in  New  Zealand.  [N.  Z.  Jour.  Sci.  & 
Tech.]  22:  84-85,  ill.  Hatch,  M.  H.— A  second  supplement 
to  the  indices  to  the  keys  and  local  lists  of  Nearctic  Cole- 
optera.  [6]  49:  21-42.  Heikertinger  &  Csiki. — Coleopter- 
prum  Catalogus  Pars  169.  Chrysomelidae :  Halticinae  II. 
337-635.  Hering,  E.  M. — Pterocallidae  brasilienses.  [Mitt. 
Munchner  Ent.  Ges.]  31:  197-201,  ill.  Hoffmann,  C.  H.- 
Biological  observations  on  Xylosandrus  germanus  (Scolyt.) 
[12]  34:  38-42,  ill.  Hopping,  R. — A  n.  sp.  of  Xylotrechus 
(Cerambyc.).  [55]  17:  29-30.  Horsfall,  W.  R.— Biology  of 
the  black  blister  beetle  (Meloidae).  [7]  34:  114-126,  ill. 
Leech,  H.  B. — Note  on  the  species  of  Agabinus  (Dytisc.) 
[4]  73:  53  (K).  Lizer  y  Trelles,  C.  A.— La  lucha  moderna 
contra  la  Langosta  en  el  Pais.  [Acad.  Nac.  Agron.  y  Vet., 
Buenos  Aires]  No.  5:  31  pp.,  ill.  Malkin,  B. — Cicindela 
patruela  in  Long  Island.  [19]  36:  28.  Miller,  R.  B. — Some 
observations  on  Chaoborus  punctipennis  (Culic.).  [4]  73: 
37-39,  ill.  Moennich,  H. — Supplemental  list  of  Coleoptera 
found  living  in  and  on  various  fungi.  [19]  36:  20-22.  Saylor, 
L.  W. — Descriptions  of  new  beetles  of  the  gen.  Phyllo- 
phaga  from  Neotropical  regions  (Scarab.).  [95]  54:  25-30, 
Schedl,  K.  E. — Scolytidae,  Coptonotidae  y  Platypodidae 
Mexicanos.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mex.]  1:"  317-377, 
ill.  Szekessy,  V. — Zur  gattung  Haemonia  gestellte  arten 
aus  Amerika.  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Ges.]  31:  148-154,  ill. 
Tanner,  V.  M. — Studies  in  the  weevils  of  the  western 
United  States.  A  new  species  of  Cimbocera.  [120]  2:  29- 
32,  ill.  Tottenham,  C.  E. — Note  on  Philonthus  mequig- 
noni  (Staphylinidae).  [8]  77:  58-59.  Wenzel  &  Dybas.- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  147 

New  and  little  known  neotropical  Histeridae.  [Field  Mn-. 
Nat.  Hist.]  22:  433-472,  ill.  West,  A.  S.— Biological  notes 
on  two  spp.  of  Melanophila  (Buprest.)  [12]  34:  43-45,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Balch,  R.  E.— The  spruce  sawfly 
outbreak  in  1940.  [Reprint  Pulp  &  Pap.  Mag.  Canada] 
1941 :  4  pp.,  ill.  Breland,  O.  P. — Podagrion  mantis  and 
other  parasites  of  praying  niantid  egg  cases  (Chalcid.). 
[7]  34:  99-113.  Cartwright,  O.  L.— Concerning  the  distri- 
bution of  Ataenius  miamii.  [19]  36:  33.  Cockerell,  T.  D. 
A. — A  new  parasitic  bee  from  Colorado.  [4]  73:  36.  da 
Costa  Lima,  A. — Uma  nova  especie  de  Hadronotus  (See- 
lion.).  [Chacaras  e  Quintals]  1940:  3  pp.,  ill.  Dennis,  C. 
A. — Some  notes  on  the  nest  of  the  ant  Prenolepis  imparis. 
[7]  34:  82-86,  ill.  Furness  &  Dowden.— Western  hemlock 
sawfly,  Neodiprion  tsugae,  and  its  parasites  in  Oregon. 
[12]  '34:  46-52.  Huffaker,  C.  B. — Egg  parasites  of  the 
Harlequin  bug  in  North  Carolina.  [12]  34:  117-118.  Mai- 
kin,  B.— Polistes  attacking  Cicada.  [19]  36:  24.  Middle- 
ton,  W. — Sawflies  injurious  to  rose  foliage.  [U.  S.  Dept. 
Agric.]  Farmers'  Bull.  no.  1252:  3-14,  ill.  "Nikitina,  T.  F.- 
Utilisation  of  Trichogramma  against  Barathra  brassicae. 
[Bull.  Plant  Prot.  Lenin  Ac.  Agr.  Sci.]  No.  3:  83-84. 
Phillips,  E.  F. — The  behavior  of  young  bees  in  confine- 
ment. [12]  34:  33-36.  Rau,  P. — A  note  on  oviposition  by 
the  queen  bumblebee  Bombus  americanorum.  [4]  73 :  55. 
The  very  early  stages  of  nest  founding  by  Polistes  pallipes. 
[4]  73:  56.  Smith,  F.— A  list  of  the  ants  of  Washington 
State.  [55]  17:  23-28.  Timberlake,  P.  H.— A  n.  sp.  of  An- 
thophora  from  California  (Apoid.).  [55]  17:  34-36.  Syn- 
optic table  of  North  American  spp.  of  Diadasia  (Apoidea). 
[19]  36:  2-11.  Three  new  Dufoureine  bees  from  Cali- 
fornia. [7]  34:  38-42.  Vansell,  G.  H.— Alfalfa  nectar  and 
the  honeybee.  [12]  34:  21-23.  Weber,  N.  A. — Four  n. 
genn.  of  Ethiopian  and  Neotropical  Formicidae.  (7)  34: 
183-194,  ill.  Wesson,  L.  G. — An  experimental  study  on 
caste  determination  in  ants.  [5]  47:  105-111,  ill.  Wilson, 
C.  L. — The  parasol  ant — America's  first  farmer.  [Nature 
Mag.]  34:  129-132,  ill.  Wing,  M.  W.— The  attendance  of 
extrafloral  nectaries  of  Sambucus  racemosa  by  the  ant, 
Lasius  niger  var.  neoniger.  [4]  73:  51.  Wolcott,  G.  N.— 
The  establishment  in  Puerto  Rico  of  Larra  americana 
(Sphecid.).  [12]  34:  53-56. 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Francis  Walker  types  of  Trich- 
optera  in  the  British  Museum.  By  Betten  &  Mosely.  1940. 
248  pp.,  ill.  Studies  in  the  genetics  of  Drosophila.  By  J. 
T.  Patterson.  Univ.  Texas  Publication.  August,  1940.  256 
pp.,  ill. 


THE  EMBRYOLOGY  OF  INSECTS  AND  MYRIAPODS.  The  de- 
velopmental history  of  insects,  centipedes,  and  millipedes  from 
egg  desposition  [sic]  to  hatching.  By  OSKAR  A.  JOHANNSEN, 
Professor  of  Entomology,  Emeritus,  Cornell  University,  and 
FERDINAND  H.  BUTT,  Instructor  in  Insect  Morphology,  Em- 
bryology, and  Histology,  Cornell  University.  First  edition. 
McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.',  Inc.,  New  York  and  London,  1941. 
Pp.  xi,  462,  370  figs.  $5.00— This  book  is,  we  believe,  the  first 
in  English,  if  not  in  any  western  European  language,  dealing 
exclusively  with  the  comparative  embryology  of  insects  and 
myriapods.  As  such  it  is  of  first  rate  importance.  It  is  based 
on  instruction  given  for  more  than  twenty  years  at  Cornell 
University.  It  summarizes  a  wide  range  of  literature ;  the 
bibliography  occupies  37  pages  (417-453)  and  contains  per- 
haps 850  titles ;  few,  if  any,  of  importance  are  lacking.  It  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  which  may  be  called  general  (pp.  1-164) 
and  special  (pp.  165-415)  embryology.  Chapter  II,  A  type  of 
embryonic  development  in  insects  (pp.  9-23),  follows  through 
"a  brief  outline  of  the  development  of  a  typical  insect  from  the 
time  of  maturation  of  the  egg  nucleus  to  the  emergence  of  the 
larva  from  the  egg.  .  .  .  This  account  does  not  apply  to  any 
specific  insect  but  rather  to  a  generalized  type  that  possesses 
characteristics  common  to  many  insects  in  most  particulars." 
With  this  as  a  starting  point,  the  reader  is  prepared  for  more 
detailed  accounts  of  the  egg,  its  differentiation,  fertilization, 
maturation  and  cleavage  (Chap.  Ill),  blastoderm,  germ  band, 
segmentation  and  the  appearance  of  appendages  (IV),  embry- 
onic membranes,  dorsal  organs  and  blastokinesis  (V),  gastru- 
lation  and  germ  layers  (VI),  development  of  the  alimentary 
canal  (VII),  the  ectodermal  (VIII)  and  mesodermal  (IX) 
derivatives.  Chap.  X  is  concerned  with  polyembryony  and 
parthenogenesis,  XI  with  micro-organisms  in  the  egg  and  XII 
with  experimental  embryology  (pp.  144-164).  Part  I  is  illus- 
trated by  62  figures,  of  which  34  are  described  in  the  preface 
as  copies  of  diagrams  used  in  the  authors'  classes ;  the  remain- 
ing 28  are  taken  from  the  writings  of  well-known  embryolo- 
gists  from  Hertwig,  1881,  to  Seidel,  1935.  Part  II  consists  of 
summaries  of  the  embryonic  development  of  representatives  of 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  149 

taxonomic  groups  as  described  in  the  literature,  and  in  original 
work  of   the  junior  author.      "By  the   selection    of    illustrative 
species  in  the  second  part  which  are  not  especially  stressed  in 
the   first   part,   undue   repetition   is   avoided."      Part    II,   there- 
fore, will  he  very  useful  to  those  who  have  not  easy  access  to 
the  scattered  memoirs  upon  which  it  is  based.     The  taxonomic 
headings  of   its  chapters,  the  examples  described,  the  authors 
chiefly  followed,  their  dates,  and  the  number  of  figures  drawn 
from  their  works  are  as  follows.  Chap.  XIII.  Oligoentomata  and 
Aptilota:  The  spring-tail,  Isotoina  cinerea,  Philiptschenko,  1912 
37  figs.;  Campodca  staphyliniis,  Uzel,   1898,  9  figs.;  the  silver 
fish,  Lcpisma  saccharina,  Heymons,  1897,  4  figs.  XIV.  Ephemer- 
ida,    Odonata,    Plecoptera,    Embiaria,    Dermaptera,    Hemimer- 
ina:     the     may     fly.     Ephemera     vulgata,     Heymons,      1896; 
dragonflies    and    damselflies,     Libcllula    pulchella,    Erytlicniis 
siniplicicollis,  I'lathcniis  lydia.   Butt,  new,   12   (really  19)   fi^-v, 
Caloptcrv.r,   Brandt,    1869,  2  figs,    (really  6,   old  stand-bys  in 
embryological  literature!),  the  stone  fly,  Pteronarcys  protcns, 
Miller,   1939;  Embia  nhrichi,  Kershaw,   1914,   1   fig.    (so  num- 
bered, really  16)  ;  the  earwig,  Forficula  auricularia,  Heymons, 
1895;   Hciniincnis   talpoidcs,   Heymons,    1912.     XV.   Orthop- 
teroidea  (Panorthoptera)  :  Paratenodera  sinensis,  Hagan,  1917; 
the  Croton  bug,  Blaticlla  i/cniutnica.  Wheeler,  1889,  1  fig.,  and 
L.    C.    Pettit,   new.   4   figs.;   the   termite.   Eittcnnes   rippcrtn'i, 
Knower,   1900,  4  figs. ;  the  walking  stick,  Caraiisiits   inorosits. 
Leuzinger,  Wiesmann  and  Lehmann,   1926,   1    (really  5)    fig.; 
the   African    migratory    locust,    Locusta    Jiiif/nttoriu    initjnitori- 
oidcs,  Roonwal,   1936,  30  figs.;  the  differential  locust,  Mclan- 
oplus    different  iulis,     Xelsen,     1934.       XVI.       Oligonephridia 
Copeognatha,    Anoplura,    Thysanoptera,    Hemiptera)  :    a    vivi- 
parous psocid,  Archipsocus  fcniandi,  Fernando.   1934,  8  fig--. : 
the  head  louse,  Pediculns  IntiiKtinis  colitis,   Scholzel,    1937,  6 
figs.;  the  pigeon  louse,  Lipcnrus  baculus,  Ries,   1931,   1    fig.; 
the  guinea  pig  louse.  Gyro  pic:  oralis.  Strindberg,  191 6;  thrips, 
Thrips  pJivstipus,  Uljanin.    1874;  aphids,  Tnth,   1933,  6  figs., 
Will,   1883,  2  figs,    (really  6),  Webster  and   Phillips,   1912.  7 
figs.;  Siphanta  ucuta,   Muir  and  Kershaw,   1912,   5   figs.;  the 
fire  bug,  Pyrrhoeoris  uptenis,  Seidel.    1924,  6  figs.;  the  milk- 
weed   bug,     Oncopcltus     fasciufus,     and     AtntM     fristis.     lUitt, 
new,  5    (really   10)    figs.;  a  jiolyctenid,   Ilesperoeteiies  finnur- 
ius,  Hagan.   1931,  2  figs.   XVII.   Xeuroptera  and  Coleoptera : 
the  alder  fly.  Sialis  bit  aria.  Strindberg.  1(»15.  2  figs.;  the  pfarl- 
eye,   Chrysopa   pcrla,  Tichomirowa,   1890,    1892,   Bock,    193' » ; 
Stylops,    Noskiewicz    and    Poluszynski,     1927.    17    figs.:    the 
alfalfa    snout   beetle,    Brachyrhinus    lii/ustici.    Butt,    1936   and 


150  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '41 

new,  25  figs.  XVIII.  Hymenoptera:  the  barberry  sawfly,  Hy- 
lotorna  bcrbcridis,  Graber,  1890;  a  Hessian-fly  parasite,  Platy- 
gastcr  hicinalis,  Leiby  and  Hill,  1923,  6  (really  10)  figs.;  the 
cabbage-looper  parasite,  Litomastix  (Paracopidosomopsis) 
floridana,  Patterson,  1921,  11  figs.;  the  honeybee,  Apis  uiclli- 
fica,  Butt,  new,  7  figs.,  Snodgrass.  1  (3)  figs.,  Nelson,  1915, 
2  (4)  figs.  XIX.  Trichoptera  and  Lepidoptera :  the  caddis  fly, 
Ncopliyla.r  coiicinints,  Patten,  1884,  9  figs. ;  the  yellow  bear, 
Diacrisia  viryinica,  Johannsen,  1929,  18  figs.  XX.  Siphonaptera 
and  Diptera:  the  fleas  of  cat,  rat  and  wood-rat,  Ctenocephal- 
idcs  fclis,  Nosopsyllus  fasciatus,  Hystrichopsylla  dippiei, 
Kessel,  1939;  the  mourning  gnat,  Sciara  coprophila,  Butt,  1934, 
14  figs.;  blowflies,  Calliphora  erythrocephala  and  vomitoria, 
Lucilia  cacsar,  Noack,  1901,  4  (11)  figs.,  and  Escherich,  1900, 
7  (11)  figs.  XXI.  Myriapoda:  the  centipedes,  Scolopendra 
cingulata  and  dalmatica,  Heymons,  1901,  25  (28)  figs.;  the 
millipedes,  Platyrhacus  ainauros,  Pflugf elder,  1932,  7  figs., 
Julus  terrcstris,  Heathcote,  1886,  1  fig.,  Polydcsmus  abchasius, 
Lignau,  1911,  1  fig.;  Symphyla,  Hanseniclla  sp.,  Tiegs,  1939. 
"Figures  taken  from  the  works  of  others  have  all  been  re- 
drawn and  in  many  cases  conventionalized."  All  are  clear  and 
well  printed  throughout  the  book  and  the  reference  letters  in 
each  figure  are  explained  beneath  it.  Their  numbering  is  not 
uniformly  logical,  as  is  indicated  in  our  list  of  those  of  Part 
II  above.  At  the  conclusion  of  each  chapter  is  a  list  of  refer- 
ences (authors  and  dates)  pertaining  to  the  subject  thereof, 
for  which  the  full  data  are  given  in  the  bibliography  at  the  end 
of  the  text.  In  Part  II  these  references  are  arranged,  with 
the  generic  names  of  the  insects  in  alphabetical  order.  The 
index,  which  occupies  the  final  eight  pages,  is  incomplete  as 
regards  Part  I.  None  of  the  insects  and  myriapods  mentioned 
therein  appear  in  the  index.  This  omission  unfortunately 
vitiates  much  of  the  advantage  of  avoiding  repetition  by  select- 
ing for  treatment  in  Part  II  those  species  not  especially 
stressed  in  Part  I.  alluded  to  above.  This  serious  defect  can 
be  readily  supplied  in  a  second  edition,  which  will  surely  be 
called  for  in  a  short  time. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


OBITUARY 

Dr.    Hrc;o    KAI-IL,   curator   of    entomology   at    the    Carnegie 
Museum,  Pittsburgh,  until  last  January  when  he  became  curator 
emeritus,   died  on   February   19,   in   his   eighty-second  year.— 
Science,  April  18,  1941. 


EXCHANGES 

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These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
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longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


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some  family  of  insects  for  a  share  of  the  duplicates.  We  have  many 
specimens,  especially  in  some  families  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera. 
H.  E.  Jaques,  Iowa  Insect  Survey,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
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determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Casilla  852,  La  Paz,  Bolivia, 
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Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  LII 


JUNE,  1941     DIV. 

U.S. 


No.  6 


CONTENTS 

Forbes — Line-Elements  in  Butterfly  Patterns  (Lepidoptera:  Nympha- 

lidae) 151 

Review  of  Wards'  How  to  Make  an  Insect  Collection 154 

La  Rivers — Additions  to  the  List  of  Nevada  Dragonflies  (Odonata).  .        155 
Hull — Some    New    Syrphid    Flies    from    North    and   South    America 

(Diptera).  157 

Bell — Two  New  Species  of  Hesperiidae   from  North  America  (Lepi- 
doptera)   163 

Dahl— The  Leng  Types  of  Cicindelidae  (Coleoptera).     .......        169 

Current  Entomological  Literature 173 

Review    of  Cornelius  Betten    and   Martin  E.    Mosely's  The    Francis 

Walker  Types  of  Trichoptera  in  the  British  Museum    »    .    .    .    .        177 
Obituary— Dr.  Levi  W.  Mengel 178 


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EXT.  NEWS,  VOL.  LI1. 


Plate  II. 


LINE-ELEMENTS  IN   BUTTERFLY  PATTERNS.-FoRBES. 

Pierella  astyoche,  natural  size. 

Upper    figure:  Variety  without    line    elements.     Lower    figure: 
Normal  pattern.  — (Hodenstein  photo.) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII JUNE  1941  No  6. 

Line-Elements  in  Butterfly  Patterns 
(Lepidoptera:  Nymphalidae). 

By  WM.  T.  M.  FORBES,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

(With  Plate  II.) 

The  pattern  of  the  higher  butterflies,  and  in  particular  of 
the  Nymphalidae,  (sensu  lato)  has  been  analysed  into  its 
chief  components  by  Schwanwitsch,  in  a  series  of  recent  papers, 
of  which  I  may  mention  especially  one  on  the  Pierella  group 
of  Satyrids,  in  the  Zeits.  Morph.  Okol.  Tiere,  x,  pp.  433,  ff., 
1928.  Since  this  system  is  less  well  known  in  this  country 
than  the  pattern  scheme  of  the  Noctuid  moths,  I  may  present 
his  system  and  tabulate  the  relations  of  the  two.  We  may 
divide  the  pattern  elements  into  four  groups,  lines,  spots,  reac- 
tions and  longitudinal  elements.  The  first  are  essentially  trans- 
verse, and  form  a  system  each  member  of  which  is  in  some  ways 
a  mirror  image  of  the  one  on  each  side  of  it.  They  comprise 
Schwanwitsch's  E,  M  and  B  elements.  The  markings  I  call 
spots  differ  in  being  associated  with  single  veins  or  interspaces, 
either  limited  between  them,  or  only  transgressing  a  little.  They 
are  his  OC  and  D.  The  markings  that  I  propose  to  call  reac- 
tions are  of  a  less  definite  character.  While  having  a  place  in 
the  patterns  they  are  apt  to  lack  sharp  boundaries,  and  may  be 
strongly  influenced  by  neighboring  patterns  of  a  more  definite 
character.  Notable  among  these  are  elements  U  and  G,  but 
even  more  plastic  elements  of  the  same  type  are  the  numerous 
variations  of  ground  color  limited  by  the  more  positive  pattern 
elements,  and  the  shades  of  contrasting  color  which  define  the 
latter. 

Some  pattern  elements  do  not  lie  quite  sharply  in  one  or 
other  of  these  classes.  Thus  the  terminal  line  (E1  of  Schwan- 
witsch) is  controlled  by  the  vestigial  ambient  vein,  and  accord- 
ingly shows  the  simplicity  of  a  longitudinal  element  (V  or  I 
of  Schwanwitsch),  not  entering  into  the  mirror  symmetry  of 
the  typical  line  elements.  E2  also  tends  to  fade  out.  and  might 

151 


tftti 


152  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

better  be  treated  as  a  "reaction,"  but  E3  is  a  typical  member  of 
the  line  system.  The  ocelli  (OC)  are  also  surrounded  by  outer 
circles  in  many  cases,  the  circuli  (C)  of  Schwanwitsch,  and 
we  shall  see  that  in  one  important  way  these  circuli  behave 
like  lines,  rather  than  the  spots  that  they  appear  to  be. 

These  pattern  elements  correspond  rather  closely  to  the  fami- 
liar Noctuid  pattern  as  the  following  table  will  show. 

NymphaKdae  Noctuidae 

E1  Externa  Terminal 

Ea  Externa  (Adterminal,  or  so-called  subtermi- 

nal  of  Notodontidae,  etc.) 

E'  Externa  Subterminal  (inner  st.  of  some  fam- 
ilies) 

OC  Ocelli  Wanting 

C  Circuli  Wanting 

U  Umbra  Wanting  or  fused  with  st. 

M1  Media  Transverse  posterior    (Postmedial) 

G1,  G3  Granulosae  Media 

M5  Media  Transverse  anterior   (Antemedial) 

D1  Discal  Reniform 

D1  Discal  Orbicular 

D'l  (part  of  discal  lying  below  Cu)  Perhaps  the  Claviform 

B  Basal  Basal    (Half-line) 

Certain  differences  are  clear,  to  be  sure.  Firstly  the  second 
discal  of  the  Nymphalidae  lies  basal  to  the  inner  media;  in 
all  moths,  so  far  as  I  know,  the  orbicular  lies  distal  to  the 
antemedian,  but  this  is  to  be  expected,  since  the  position  of  the 
orbicular  is  controlled  by  the  forking  of  the  median  vein  in  the 
cell  and  this  takes  place  much  nearer  the  base  in  the  butter- 
flies. Then  the  granulosa,  when  present,  is  commonly  divided 
into  two  bands,  one  accompanying  each  media,  and  if  undivided 
forms  a  general  filling  of  the  median  area,  while  the  "media" 
of  the  Noctuidae  is  a  narrow,  though  diffuse  line.  The  hom- 
ology  of  the  claviform  with  the  lower  part  of  the  inner  discal 
can  only  be  called  doubtful,  and  the  subterminal  element  in 
those  higher  Noctuidae  that  we  think  of  as  typical  is  single, 
and  does  not  enter  the  symmetry  system  of  the  other  lines,— 
but  this  last  can  be  explained  as  the  result  of  fusion  of  E3 
(clearly  present  in  many  more  primitive  Lepicloptera)  with 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  153 

E2,  U  or  both.  Most  striking  is  the  total  ahsence  of  the  OC 
system,  but  this  last  has  not  been  identified  yet,  even  in  other 
butterflies. 

The  normal  specimen  of  Picrclla  astyochc  shown  here  (Plate 
II,  lower  figure)  shows  the  following  pattern-elements,  using 
Schwanwitsch's  formula : 

• 

E2  E3  OCm6  M1  D1  M2  D2 

E2  E3  OCm2,  3,  4  OC5,  6,  7,  M1  D1  M2  D2  Bl 

But  the  following  points  should  be  noted  in  which  I  differ 
from  Schwanwitsch:  I  take  the  outer  of  the  two  lines  across 
the  wing  at  Y^  to  be  the  innermost  externa,  rather  than  umbra. 
It  shows  every  feature  of  a  true  line-element  (as  will  be  noted 
below),  there  is  no  other  element  to  represent  E3,  and  as 
Schwanwitsch  has  noted  himself  in  the  case  of  Prcpona  (Acta 
Zoologica  xi,  263  ff,  1930)  it  is  perfectly  possible  for  a  line 
to  cross  the  series  of  ocelli,  leaving  both  intact ; — in  fact  OC7 
still  lies  on  the  basal  side  of  the  line.  Further  I  take  the 
minute  dot  near  the  base  of  fore  wing  below  and  the  corres- 
ponding three  dots  on  the  hind  wing  to  be  dislocated  parts  of 
D2,  and  only  the  little  bar  from  the  fold  to  the  inner  margin 
to  be  truly  B.  Note  also  what  Schwanwitsch  calls  the  picrcl- 
lization  of  M2  in  the  fore  wing, — i.  e.,  that  the  part  of  it  below 
the  cell  is  completely  cut  off  from  the  upper  part  and  has 
dropped  back  into  perfect  line  with  D2. 

The  upper  specimen  figured  on  Plate  II  illustrates  and 
dramatizes  this  interpretation.  If  this  is  correct  every  line- 
element  in  the  pattern  has  dropped  out,  doubtless  as  the  result 
of  a  single  factor-change,  while  every  spot-element  is  intact.  It  is 
for  this  reason  I  interpret  all  the  black  dots1  at  the  base  of  tin- 
wings  as  parts  of  DL>,  since  they  remain,  while  the  little  basal 
line  has  vanished.  It  is  also  possible  that  the  reaction-elements 
survive,  somewhat  blurred,  since  the  position  of  E2  is  taken 
by  a  distinct  though  diffuse  band,  and  where  the  umbra  should 
be  there  is  a  very  perceptible  dark  cloud. 

A  further  point  of  interest  is  the  circnli,  the  black  rings 
surrounding  ocelli  5,  6  and  7  on  the  hind  wing.  These  have 
completely  disappeared  in  the  upper  specimen,  leaving  the 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

black  ocellus  proper  undefined.  This  implies  that  these  circuli 
may  yet  turn  out  to  be  morphologically  line-elements,  formed 
much  as  Schwanwitsch  explains  the  similar  but  empty  circles 
on  the  fore  wings  of  many  Preponas  (1.  c.  pp.  323-330,  figs. 
33  etc.,  E3c).  If  this  is  true  it  may  help  us  in  connecting  the 
Nymphalid  pattern  to  that  of  lower  butterflies,  and  especially 
the  Papilionidae,  where  ocelli  as  such'do  not  appear.  We  may 
suggest,  for  instance,  that  the  white  or  blue  pupils  of  the 
ocelli  represent  vestiges  of  the  blue  submarginal  spots  of  the 
Parnassiinae,  and  that  their  red  or  orange  bands  appear  vesti- 
gially  in  the  yellow  rings  that  so  often  (also  here)  appear 
between  the  ocellus  proper  and  its  circulus.  Another  point  of 
likeness  is  that,  as  in  some  other  species  of  Pierella,  Papilio 
and  at  least  many  of  the  other  Papilionidae  have  the  post- 
medial  (M1)  of  the  fore  wing  "pierellized,"  as  rather  plainly 
shown  in  Thais  rumina  and  Papilio  machaonides.  This  latter 
point  may  do  much  to  clear  up  Schwanwitsch's  difficulty  with 
the  fore  wings  of  the  Papilionidae. 


How  TO  MAKE  AN  INSECT  COLLECTION.  Containing  sug- 
gestions and  hints  designed  to  aid  the  beginning  and  less  ad- 
vanced collector.  This  booklet  is  based  on  the  experience  and 
methods  developed  during  years  of  collecting  insects  by  mem- 
bers of  WARD'S  ENTOMOLOGICAL  STAFF.  Published  in  the 
service  of  Entomology  by  Ward's  Natural  Science  Establish- 
ment, Inc.  302  Goodman  St.,  North,  Rochester,  New  York, 
1940.  32  unnumbered  pages,  43  figures.  It  is  stated  that  this 
booklet  is  designed  to  replace  Directions  for  Collecting  and 
Preserving  Insects,  by  Dr.  A.  B.  Klots,  which  is  now  out  of 
print.  The  extensively  illustrated  text  gives  directions  and 
suggestions  for  collecting,  killing,  pinning,  mounting,  labeling, 
displaying,  rearing,  identifying  and  caring  for  insects.  It 
should  be  very  helpful  to  all  interested  in  this  subject. — P.  P. 
CALVERT. 

1  A  similar  disruption  of  the  orbicular  (D2)  appear  in  several  Ama- 
thusiinae,  and  strikingly  in  the  fore  wing  of  Enisfe  cycnus.  In  Pierella 
ocreata  these  markings  have  fused  into  an  apparent  complete  basal  line, 
but  the  portion  belonging  to  D"  is  more  intensely  black  than  the  frag- 
ment of  true  B. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  155 

Additions  to  the  List  of  Nevada  Dragonflies 

(Odonata). 

By  IRA  LA  RIVERS,  Reno,  Nevada. 
(Continued  from  page   130.) 

Subfamily  AGRIINAE. 

AGRION  AEQUABILE  (Say)  -  -  Humboldt  County  (near 
National). 

**A.  MACULATUM  Beauvais — Elko  County  (Rowland). 
HETAERINA  AMERICANA  (Fabricius) — Nye  County  (Beatty). 

Subfamily  LESTINAE. 

LESTES  CONGENER  Hagen — Churchill  County  (Carson  Lake, 
Fallon,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ; 
Lyon  County  (Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Washoe  County  (Verdi, 
Washoe  Valley). 

L.  UNGUICULATUS  Hagen — Churchill  County  (Carson  Sink, 
Fallon,  Humboldt  Sink)  ;  Washoe  County  (Washoe  Valley). 

**L.  FORCIPATUS  Rambur — Esmeralda  County  (Boundary 
Peak). 

L.  DRYAS  Kirby — Churchill  County  (Carson  Lake,  Carson 
Sink,  Fallon)  ;  Lyon  County  (Yerington)  ;  Pershing  County 
(Rye  Patch  Reservoir1);  Washoe  County  (Washoe  Valley). 
Previous  records  as  L.  uncatns. 

Subfamily  COENAGRIONINAE. 

ARGIA  ALBERTA  Kennedy — Eureka  County  (near  Beowawe). 

A.  EMMA  Kennedy — Churchill  County  (Fallon,  Humboldt 
Sink)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ;  Lyon  County  (Wabu- 
ska)  ;  Humboldt  County  (Paradise  Valley)  ;  Pershing  County 
(Humboldt  Sink)  ;  Washoe  County  (Dry  Lake). 

A.  VIVIDA  Hagen — Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake  Valley)  ; 
Lyon  County  (Wabuska)  ;  Nye  County  (Bc-atty);  Washoe 
County  (Truckee  Meadows). 

1The    Rye    Patch    Reservoir    locality    for    this    species    was    erroneously 
listed  as  being  in  Churchill  County  in  the  first  list. 


156  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

AMPHIAGRION  SAUCIUM  (Burmeister)  -  Churchill  County 
(Carson  Lake,  Carson  Sink,  Fallen,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ; 
Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ;  Humboldt  County  (Paradise 
Valley)  ;  Lyon  County  (Lahontan  Reservoir,  Mason  Valley)  ; 
Washoe  County  (Washoe  Valley). 

ENALLAGMA  BOREALE  Selys — Douglas  County  (Genoa,  Glen- 
brook)  ;  Lyon  County  (Sweetwater)  ;  Ormsby  County  (Lake 
Tahoe,  Marlette  Lake)  ;  Washoe  County  (Lake  Tahoe,  Verdi). 

E.  CLAUSUM  Morse — Washoe  County  (Washoe  Valley). 

**E.  CYATHIGERUM  (Charpcntier ) — Douglas  County  (Lake 
Tahoe)  ;  Esmeralda  County  (Boundary  Peak)  ;  Ormsby  County 
(Lake  Tahoe,  Marlette  Lake)  ;  Washoe  County  (Lake  Tahoe, 
Marlette  Lake). 

E.  CARUNCULATUM  Morse — Churchill  County  (Fallon, 
Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Lyon  County  (Fernley,  Lahontan  Reser- 
voir, Yerington)  ;  Washoe  County  (Washoe  Valley). 

E.  CIVILE  (Hagen) — Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ;  Lyon 
County  (Smith  Valley,  Sweetwater);  Washoe  County 
(Truckee  Meadows,  Washoe  Valley). 

E.  PRAEVARUM  (Hagen) — Esmeralda  County  (Fish  Lake 
Valley)  ;  Nye  County  (Beatty). 

E.  ANNA  Williamson — Churchill  County  (Fallen,  Humboldt 
Sink,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ; 
Lyon  County  (Sweetwater,  Wabuska)  ;  Washoe  County  (Was- 
hoe Lake). 

ISCHNURA  DENTICOLLIS  (Burmeister) — Churchill  County 
(Carson  Sink,  Fallon,  Lahontan  Reservoir)  ;  Lyon  County 
(Fernley,  Yerington)  ;  Pershing  County  (Rye  Patch  Reser- 
voir; Washoe  County  (Washoe  Valley). 

I.  PERPARVA  Selys-- Churchill  County  (Fallon,  Lahontan 
Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ;  Lyon  County 
(Smith  Valley,  Yerington)  ;  Humboldt  County  (Paradise 
Valley)  ;  Pershing  County  (Lovelock,  Mill  City)  ;  Washoe 
County  ( Franktown ) . 

I.  CERVULA  Selys  •  •  Churchill  County  (Fallon,  Lahontan 
Reservoir)  ;  Douglas  County  (Gardnerville)  ;  Lyon  County 
(Fernley,  Smith  Valley,  Sweetwater,  Yerington)  ;  Mineral 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  157 

County  (Schurz)  ;  Washoe  County  (Washqe  Valley). 

The  total  number  of  species  now  known  to  the  author  for 
Nevada  is  78. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

AHRENS,  C,  1938.  A  List  of  Dragonflies  Taken  During  the 
Summer  of  1936  in  Western  United  States.  (Odonata).  Ent. 
News,  No.  1/49:  9-16. 

ESSIG,  E.  O.,  1926.  Insects  of  Western  North  America.  The 
Macmillan  Company,  pp.  141-150. 

ERASER,  F.  C.,  1929.  A  Revision  of  the  Fissilabioidea  (Cor- 
clulegasteridae.  Petaliidae,  and  Petaluridae)  (Order  Odonata). 
Part  I.— Cordulegasteridae.  Mem.  Ind.  Mus.,  No.  3/9:  69-167. 

ID.  1933.  [Same].  Part  II. — Petaliidae  and  Petaluridae  and 
Appendix  to  Part  I.  Mem.  Ind.  Mus.,  No.  6/9:  205-260. 

KENNEDY,  C.  H.,  1915.  Notes  on  the  Life  History  and 
Ecology  of  the  Dragonflies  (Odonata)  of  Washington  and 
Oregon.  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  49:  259-345. 

ID.  1922.  The  Phylogeny  and  the  Geographical  Distribution 
of  the  Genus  Libellula  (Odonata).  Ent.  News,  No.  3/33:  65- 
71;  and  No.  4/33:  105-111. 

LA  RIVERS,  I..  1938.  An  Annotated  List  of  the  Libelluloidea 
(Odonata)  of  Southern  Nevada.  Jour.  Ent.  &  Zool.,  No.  4/30: 
73-85. 

ID.  1940.  A  Preliminary  Synopsis  of  the  Dragonflies  of 
Nevada.  Pan-Pac.  Ent.,  No.  3/16:  111-123. 

MORSE,  A.  P.,  1895.  New  North  American  Odonata. 
Psyche,  No.  227/7:  207-211. 


Some  New  Syrphid  Flies  from  North  and  South 
America  (Diptera). 

By  FRANK  M.  HTLL,  University  of  Mississippi. 
In  this  paper  I  present  the  descriptions  of  several  new  world 
species  of  Syrphidae.  Two  of  these  I  collected  on  low  grow- 
ing herbage  about  the  clearings  of  Barro  Colorado  Island. 
Others  have  been  received  from  various  sources.  Types,  un- 
less otherwise  stated,  are  in  the  author's  collection. 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Julie,    '41 

Planes  chrysopressa  n.  sp. 

Related  to  vagans  Wied.  Distinguished  by  the  pile  of  the 
third  and  fourth  abdominal  segment ;  face  black,  a  brownish- 
yellow  stripe  from  eye  to  epistoma ;  mesonotum  blackish  and 
opalescent  with  a  pair  of  stripes  of  yellow  pile. 

5  .  Length  7  mm.  Head :  the  vertex  is  shining  brownish- 
black,  the  upper  portion  of  the  occiput  dark  brassy  brown ; 
viewed  from  the  side  it  is  covered  with  yellow  pubescence. 
The  upper  part  of  the  front  is  shining  brassy  black,  bare  of 
pubescence;  there  is  a  broad  pale  yellowish-brown  transverse 
band  of  pubescence  from  eye  to  eye  across  the  middle  of  the 
front,  down  the  middle  of  which  runs  a  very  narrow  almost 
bare  line ;  the  extreme  lower  front  above  the  antennae  is  shin- 
ing and  bare  of  pubescence  except  for  a  narrow  extension 
from  the  transverse  band  above  it.  Face  metallic  brassy  black 
in  ground  color,  except  that  along  the  anterior  margin  and 
front  of  the  cheeks  is  a  light  brownish-yellow  diagonal  band 
from  eye  to  epistoma.  The  face  is  broadly  covered  with  pale 
yellow  pubescence  from  lower  edge  of  front  down  to  the  oral 
margin.  Antennae  elongate,  the  third  joint  half  again  longer 
than  the  first  two  joints,  dark  brown  in  color  the  arista  pale 
yellowish  brown.  Pile  of  vertex  and  front  light  brassy  yellow. 

Thorax;  mesonotum  shining  brownish  black  with  a  trans- 
lucent coppery  luster,  a  prominent  almost  whitish  patch  of 
pubescence  on  the  inside  of  the  humeri  and  viewed  from  be- 
hind a  pair  of  widely  separated,  conspicuous,  light  silky  yellow, 
short  pilose  vittae,  that  do  not  appear  unless  viewed  in  the 
proper  light,  and  which  run  from  the  anterior  margin  back  to 
where  they  are  confluent  with  a  wide,  transverse  area  of  similar 
pile  lying  in  front  of  the  scutellum.  Between  the  pair  of 
longitudinal  vittae  there  is  a  much  narrower,  shorter  median 
vitta  of  pile.  Also  on  the  posterior  margin  of  the  transverse 
suture  there  is  a  similar  band  of  brassy  pile  confluent  with 
the  longitudinal  stripes.  Between  all  of  these  areas  of  pale 
pile  there  is  considerable  dense  short  black  pile.  Pile  of  the 
pleurae  wholly  pale  yellowish  beneath  which  is  almost  whitish 
pubescence.  Scutellum  brassy,  almost  coppery-black,  with  short 
pale  pile  and  a  pair  of  very  delicate,  slender  pale  yellow  bristles 
on  the  posterior  margin  and  more  anteriorly  along  the  margin 
two  or  more  pairs  of  still  shorter  bristles. 

Abdomen :  first  segment  shining  greyish  black,  perhaps 
slightly  bluish.  Second  segment  a  little  longer  than  wide, 
almost  opaque  black  but  with  a  faint  shining  steel-bluish  luster 
present  broadly  over  the  middle.  There  is  a  small  triangular, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  159 

sublateral,  obscure  brownish-yellow  spot  on  either  side  of  the 
segment,  very  widely  separated ;  the  extreme  lateral  margin  of 
the  segment  is  bright  brassy.  Whole  of  third  and  fourth  seg- 
ments brilliant  brassy  or  golden,  with  pile  somewhat  the  same 
color;  the  golden  pile  of  the  fourth  segment  is  somewhat  ap- 
pressed  and  directed  obliquely  towards  the  midline. 

Legs:  femora  black,  the  apices  narrowly  yellowish,  the  hind 
pair  enormously  thickened,  its  pile  chiefly  pale  yellow  with, 
along  the  ventral  edge,  numerous  short  black  spines,  and  just 
outside  of  this  on  the  apical  portion  on  the  outside  several 
longer  black  spines  and  upon  the  inside  five  or  six  still  longer 
ones.  Hind  tibiae  very  dark  brown,  the  base  almost  whitish, 
the  apex  with  a  long  sharp  spur,  the  middle  and  anterior 
tibiae  brown  with  the  basal  fourth  whitish  yellow.  Hind  tarsi 
dark  brown,  lore  and  middle  tarsi  with  the  first  two  joints 
quite  pale  yellow,  the  remaining  joints  blackish. 

It 'ings:      pale    grey,    the    stigma    dark    brown.      Holotype: 
One  female.     Barro,  Colorado,  Canal  Zone,  PANAMA.     F.  M. 
Hull  collector. 
Planes  cuprescens  n.  sp. 

Fourth  abdominal  segment  sparse,  golden,  appressed  pilose, 
the  third  segment  brown  pilose;  mesonotum  and  scutellum 
with  a  strong  reddish-brassy  lustre.  Related  to  vagans  Wied., 
but  not  closely. 

9  .  Length  7  mm.  Hard :  front  and  vertex  shining  black, 
quite  narrow  above,  barely  half  as  wide  as  in  chrysopressa,  the 
middle  of  the  front  yellowish-white  pubescent,  the  lower  por- 
tion shining  bare  with  in  the  midline  a  very  tiny  tubercular 
bumj).  In  some  lights  the  broad  transverse  pubescent  area  is 
separated  by  a  narrow  median  line.  The  pile  of  the  lower  half 
of  the  front  is  sparse  and  pale  yellow;  of  the  upper  half  of 
front  and  vertex  black.  Face  extensively  pale  yellowish  white 
pubescence,  the  carina  not  sharply  marked,  the  entire  lower 
half  of  face  in  front  and  along  the  sides  as  far  back  as  the 
edge  of  the  cheeks  light  brownish  yellow.  Antennae  elongate, 
the  third  joint  about  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  the  first 
two  joints,  the  apical  and  dorsal  half  of  the  third  joint  dark 
brown,  the  basal  and  ventral  portion  light  orange,  the  first  two 
joints  light  brown,  the  arista  pale  yellow,  a  little  darker  towards 
the  apex. 

Thora.r:  mesonotum  with  three  pairs  of  longitudinal  bands 
of  pile,  the  ground  color  of  which  is  light  brassy,  almost  green- 
ish, the  middle  one"  of  which  is  very  narrow  and  all  three  stripes 


160  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

are  evanescent  just  past  the  middle  of  the  mesonotum.  There 
is  a  patch  of  golden  pile  on  the  posterior  margin  of  the  nota- 
pleurae  which  is  confluent  with  a  similar  patch  upon  the  lateral 
margin  of  the  mesonotum  just  posterior  to  the  suture.  The 
pile  is  also  brassy  in  front  of  each  postcallus  and  in  front  of 
the  scutellum.  The  mesonotum  is  bright  brassy  for  some  dis- 
tance in  front  of  the  scutellum  and  the  yellow  pile  in  front  of 
the  scutellum  gives  way  to  black  anteriorly.  Between  the 
yellow  pilose  stripes  above  described,  the  mesonotum  is  coppery 
in  color.  Scutellum  light  brown  in  ground  color  with  a  bright 
golden  luster  and  sparse  pale  pile  and  a  single  pair  of  delicate 
long  yellow  bristles,  and  anteriorly  one  or  more  pairs  of  short 
yellow  bristles.  Pile  and  pubescence  of  meso-  and  sterno- 
pleurae  pale  yellow,  almost  white.  There  is  a  prominent  almost 
whitish  patch  of  pubescence  on  the  inside  of  each  humeri. 

Abdomen :  first  segment  light  brown,  yellowish  in  the  middle 
with  a  brassy  luster;  second  segment  with  a  pair  of  large  sub- 
rectangular  light  brownish  yellow  spots  which  reach  the  full 
width  over  the  lateral  margin  and,  along  the  margin,  extend 
almost  to  the  extreme  end  of  the  segment.  These  light  colored 
spots  are  divided  by  the  parallel-sided  median  anterior  prolong- 
ation of  a  dark  brown  posterior  border  upon  the  segment  which, 
however,  reaches  the  lateral  margins  only  very  narrowly.  The 
anterior  prolongation  does  not  quite  reach  the  anterior  margin. 
Third  segment  somewhat  similar  to  the  second  segment,  al- 
though here  the  segment  is  barely  wider  than  long,  whereas  the 
second  segment  is  barely  longer  than  wide.  The  large  basal 
lateral  spots  are  almost  as  pale  as  those  of  the  third  segment; 
the  median  brown  prolongation  is  somewhat  evanescent  and  the 
posterior  marginal  spot  or  band  of  rich  brown  nowhere 
reaches  the  lateral  margin.  Fourth  segment  rich  shining  brown 
with  slight  golden  reflections ;  the  pile  of  the  dark  brown  area 
of  second  and  third  segments  sepia  in  color,  that  of  the  paler 
areas  and  of  the  fourth  segment  sparse,  brassy  yellow;  the 
pile  is  flat  appressed  upon  the  fourth  segment. 

Legs:  hind  femora  shining  black  with  brassy  cast,  grossly 
thickened  in  the  middle,  its  extreme  base  brownish,  the  narrow 
apex  yellowish  brown.  Fore  and  middle  femora  brown,  the 
apex  yellowish.  Hind  tibiae  pale  yellow  basally,  brownish  on 
the  remainder  and  the  apex  has  a  long  sharp  spine ;  the  hind 
tarsi  are  light  brownish  yellow,  the  last  two  joints  dark  brown, 
the  whole  of  the  fore  and  middle  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  yellow, 
their  last  two  tarsal  joints  barely  darker. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  161 

Wings :  almost  hyaline,  the  stigma  pale  yellow.  Holotype : 
one  female,  Barro,  Colorado,  PANAMA.  F.  M.  Hull  Collector. 
Baccha  sepia  n.  sp. 

Entirely  dark,  sepia,  spatulate  flies,  except  for  pairs  of  small, 
diagonal,  yellowish-brown  fascia  upon  the  abdomen.  Sides  of 
face  and  front  diffusely  brownish  yellow ;  wings  dark  brown. 
Suggestive  of  yastroctacits  Wied.  in  the  non-petiolate  abdomen. 
$  .  Length  1 1  mm.  Head :  vertex  and  all  of  front  except 
the  narrow  brownish-yellow  sides,  dark  sepia-brown  with  pile 
of  the  same  color.  The  face  is  broadly  dark  brown  in  the 
middle  and  over  the  tubercle,  the  color  extending  down  nar- 
rowly about  the  epistoma  to  cover  the  cheeks.  The  sides  of  the 
face  are  broadly  brownish-yellow  pollinose  and  this  color  ex- 
tends narrowly  up  along  the  sides  of  the  front  but  at  the  top 
of  the  front  does  not  join  the  extension  from  the  other  side. 
The  facial  pile  is  dark  brown.  The  first  and  second  joints  of 
the  antennae  are  brown,  the  lower  basal  margin  of  the  short 
rounded  third  joint  narrowly  reddish-brown,  the  remainder  of 
the  third  joint  and  the  arista  dark  brown.  The  occiput  is  grey 
pubescent  with  a  single  row  of  black  hairs  on  the  upper  third 
and  three  or  four  rows  of  yellowish  white  pile  below. 

Thorax:  mesonotum  bright  shining  brassy-brown,  covered 
with  dark  brown  pollen  and  sparse  brown  pile.  There  are  quite 
obscure  suggestions  of  narrow  vittae  upon  the  thorax ;  poster- 
iorly there  appear  to  be  three  narrow  shining  chocolate  pollinose 
vittae  and  viewed  from  in  front  there  appears  to  be  a  single 
narrow  black  median  streak  which  probably,  however,  divides 
the  median  pollinose  vittae  into  two  parts.  Scutellum  light 
brown,  the  immediate  base  very  narrowly  yellowish-brown, 
the  discal  pile  sparse,  long,  delicate  and  black.  The  ventral 
fringe  pile  consisting  of  seven  very  long,  blackish  hairs. 

Abdomen:  spatulate;  but  little  less  wide  upon  the  base  than 
upon  the  apex.  The  second  segment  is  barely  longer  than  the 
third;  the  third  segment  one-sixth  or  one-eighth  longer  than 
the  fourth  segment;  fifth  segment  not  quite  as  long  as  wide; 
the  first  segment  is  quite  short.  The  color  of  the  abdomen  is 
dark  sepia-brown  and  shining,  barely  lighter  upon  the  second 
and  third  segments.  The  pile  upon  the  first  and  second  seg- 
ments is  brownish  black  and  the  pile  upon  the  posterior  part 
of  the  abdomen  is  black.  In  the  middle  of  the  second  segment, 
upon  either  side,  is  a  diagonal,  long,  quite  slender  brownish- 
yellow  fascia  that  fails  to  reach  the  margin  and  does  not  join 
the  midline.  Just  before  the  middle  of  the  third  segment  there 
is  a  fascia  similar  in  every  respect,  except  that  it  is  wider  upon 


162  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

its  inner  or  median  half  and  in  fact  is  gradually  drawn  out 
from  its  medial  wider  base  to  a  narrow  point  as  it  approaches 
the  line  of  the  margin  which  it  does  not  reach.  Upon  the 
fourth  segment  just  before  the  middle  is  a  similarly  colored, 
though  slightly  darker,  small,  irregularly  triangular-shaped 
spot.  Upon  the  fifth  segment,  separated  by  a  distance  equal 
to  those  of  preceding  spots  is  a  pair  of  brown,  basal,  elongate, 
small  spots  which  are  drawn  out  posteriorly. 

Legs:  the  femora  are  quite  slender,  dark  brown  and  black- 
ish-brown pilose,  the  apices  of  the  middle  femora  lighter  brown 
and  the  fore  pair  of  femora  are  noticeably  lighter  in  color  than 
the  hind  pair.  Fore  and  middle  tibiae  light  brown  with  a  sug- 
gestion of  a  obscure  narrow  darker  annulus  near  the  middle. 
The  hind  tibiae  are  wholly  blackish  brown  with  similarly  colored 
pile.  All  of  the  tarsi  except  the  basal  two-thirds  of  the  hind 
basal  tarsi  are  light  brownish  yellow  with  similarly  colored  pile. 

Wings :  broad,  but  the  alula  narrow  and  strap-like ;  the 
entire  wing  including  the  whole  of  the  stigmal  cell  is  deeply 
suffused  with  brown. 

Holotype:    one  male.     Sao  Paulo,  BRAZIL,  April  6-8,  1934. 
J.  Lane  collector.     Paratype :     one  male  in  Lane's  collection ; 
same  data. 
Mixogaster  johnsoni  n.  sp. 

This  species  is  related  to  breviventris  Kahl,  but  the  antennae 
are  lighter;  the  yellow,  lateral,  thoracic  stripe  is  interrupted 
and  the  pattern  of  the  abdominal  spots  differs. 

9  .  10  mm.  exclusive  of  antennae.  Head:  face  pale  yellow, 
the  cheeks  and  a  median  stripe  dark  brown.  Front  and  vertex 
dark  blackish  brown.  A  pale  yellow  spot  on  the  eye  margins 
opposite  the  ocelli  and  the  transverse  black  band  in  front  of 
antennae  pitted.  Antennae  black,  the  base  of  the  third  joint 
narrowly  orange  and  the  first  two  joints  dark  brown. 

Thorax:  Mesonotum  dully  shining  black,  the  humeri,  a 
small  spot  just  before  and  behind  the  suture,  the  postcalli,  all 
of  the  scutellum  except  the  posterior  corners,  a  prominent 
vertical  stripe  on  mesopleurae,  sternopleurae  and  almost  the 
whole  of  the  metapleurae  pale  yellow.  A  large  red  spot  on  the 
middle  of  the  pteropleurae  confluent  with  the  metapleural  yel- 
low spot.  Metanotum  black. 

Abdomen :  black  with  slender  post  marginal  yellow  borders 
that  expand  a  little  in  the  posterior  corners.  First  segment 
almost  wholly  black,  the  anterior  corners  of  the  second  seg- 
ment obscurely  and  diffusely  yellowish,  merging  into  red  and 
then  into  black. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  163 

Legs,  chiefly  light  reddish  brown,  the  basal  two-thirds  or 
less  of  the  hind  tibiae  or  more  of  the  middle  tibiae,  the  apex 
of  the  middle  femora,  front  femora  and  basal  half  of  the  front 
tibiae  pale  yellow.  Tarsi  brownish  but  light  in  color. 

Wings :  hyaline,  appearing  grey  from  dense  grey  vittae. 
The  veins  very  narrowly  and  inconspicuously  margined  with 
brown  without  definite  anterior  brown  borders. 

Holotypc:  One  female,  Dennisport,  MASSACHUSETTS,  Sept. 
3,  1935  (J.  Bequaert)  ;  this  specimen  is  in  the  collection  of 
the  author,  presented  to  the  author  through  the  kindness  of 
Dr.  Bequaert.  Paratypes:  One  female  from  Lucaston,  NEW 
JERSEY,  Aug.  27,  C.  W.  Johnson  collector ;  this  is  in  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology;  a  specimen  in  the  Boston 
Society  of  Natural  History  from  Wallingford,  CONNECTICUT, 
July  1,  1922;  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard 
contains  a  specimen  from  Nantucket,  MASSACHUSETTS,  Sept. 
8.  All  four  specimens  are  females. 

On  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Nathan  Banks,  I  take  pleasure 
in  naming  this  species  in  honor  of  the  well  known  dipterist, 
Dr.  C.  W.  Johnson,  to  whom  I  owe  much  for  early  encourage- 
ment in  the  study  of  Diptera. 


Two  New  Species  of  Hesperiidae  from  North 
America.  (Lepidoptera). 

By  E.  L.  BELL,  Flushing,  New  York. 
Undescribed  species  of  Hesperiidae  still  turn  up  occasion- 
ally in  the  North  American  fauna  despite  the  fact  that  the 
butterflies  of  this  region  have  been  extensively  collected  and 
studied  for  a  great  many  years.  This  is  partially  due  to  the 
close  superficial  resemblance  of  the  overlooked  species  to 
other  closely  related  species  which  have  already  been  described 
and  because  they  occur  in  areas  not  usually  visited  by  collect- 
ors or  by  those  collectors  not  interested  in  collecting  Hesperii- 
dae. 

Many  species  of  Hesperiidae  are  quite  locally  restricted  to 
a  certain  type  of  environment  and  this  may  occupy  a  very 
limited  area  and  be  easily  passed  by.  Our  southern  and  south- 
western States  seem  still  to  offer  interesting  possibilities  for 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

the  collector,  as  they  apparently  contain  large  areas  over  which 

little  if  any  collecting  has  been  done. 

ANTIGONUS  PULVERULENTA  Felder  (Fig.  1). 

1869.  Lcucochitonea  pulvcrulcnta  Felder,  Verhandlungen  der 
Kaiserlich  Koniglichen  Zoologisches-Botanischen  Gesell- 
schaft  in  Wien,  xix,  p.  478.  Orizaba,  Mexico. 

1876.  Hcsperia  zainpa  Edwards,  Transactions  American  En- 
tomological Society,  v,  p.  207.  South  Apache,  Arizona. 

1884.  Tagiades  taeniatus  Plotz,  Jahrbiicher  des  Nassauischen 
Vereins  fiir  Naturkunde,  xxxvii,  p.  41.  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

1895.  Systasea  pulverulcnta  Godman  and  Salvin,  Biologia 
Centrali-Americana,  Rhopalocera,  ii,  p.  413;  pi.  87,  figs.  24, 
25.  Arizona ;  Mexico ;  Guatemala. 

1923.  Systasea  pulvcrulcnta  Draudt,  in  Seitz  Macrolepidop- 
tera  of  the  World,  v,  p.  904;  pi.  176e. 

1923.  Systasea  pulvcrulcnta  Skinner  and  Williams,  Trans- 
actions American  Entomological  Society,  xlviii,  p.  299;  p. 
300,  fig.  23  male  genitalia. 

1930.  Systasea  pulvcrulenta  Holland,  Butterfly  Book,  Re- 
vised Edition,  p.  344 ;  pi.  46,  fig.  1  type  of  Hcsperia  zampa 
Edwards. 

Brigadier  W.  H.  Evans  of  the  British  Museum  has  called 
the  attention  of  the  writer  to  the  fact  that  two  species  have 
been  confused  under  the  name  pulvcrulcnta  and  that  these 
two  species  while  quite  similar  in  appearance  have  a  constant 
difference  in  the  maculation  of  the  primaries  and  a  different 
form  in  the  male  genitalia. 

Examination  of  a  considerable  number  of  specimens  in  the 
collections  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  and  the  Na- 
tional Museum  in  Washington  shows  Brigadier  Evans  to  be 
correct,  and  that  pulvcrulenta  appears  to  be  the  predominant 
species  in  Mexico,  extending  into  the  United  States  in  Texas 
and  Arizona.  Only  one  specimen  of  the  other  species  was 
found  bearing  a  Mexican  label  and  that  Sonora,  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  Country. 

The  specimens  of  pulverulcnta  which  were  examined  came 
from  the  following  localities:  TEXAS:  Corpus  Christi,  San 
Antonio,  Kerrville,  Sabinal,  Brownsville,  Del  Rio,  New  Braun- 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


165 


Genitalia  of:  1.  Antiyomis  pulvcrulcnta  Felder,  2.  Antiyonus  evansi  n. 
sp.,  3.  A  try  tone  bcrryi  n.  sp. 

fels :    ARIZONA:      Tucson    MEXICO:      Jalapa,    Chichen    Itza, 
Rinconada,  Oaxaca,  Alazatlan,  Misantla. 

The  genitalia  of  a  male  specimen  from  San  Antonio,  Texas, 
are  figured.  The  apex  of  the  claspers  is  very  broad,  the  lower 
corner  produced  into  a  short  triangle,  the  upper  into  a  broad 
triangular  tooth,  above  which  a  broad  dorsal  arm  projects 
obliquely  outward,  extending  a  little  beyond  the  apex  and 
carrying  some  small  dorsal  teeth  in  the  apical  part.  The 
aedoeagus  is  very  large  and  carries  a  huge  cluster  of  internal 
spines  near  the  base  and  has  two  horn-like  projections  near 
the  apex. 
Antigonus  evansi  new  species  (Fig.  2). 

It    is    this    insect    which    so    closely    resembles    puhcrnlcnta 
Felder  and  has  been  confused  with  it.     In  general  most  speci- 


166  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '41 

metis  of  evansi  are  of  a  somewhat  lighter  shade  of  color  and 
average  slightly  larger  in  size  than  pulvcrulenta  but  both  species 
are  variable  in  these  characters  and  reliance  cannot  be  placed 
upon  them  for  accurate  identification. 

In  evansi  the  cell  spot  of  the  discal  band  of  the  primaries 
and  the  spot  immediately  below  it,  in  interspace  2,  are  not  in 
a  straight  line  on  their  inner  edges  but  that  edge  of  the  spot 
in  interspace  2  is  always  further  inward  toward  the  base  of 
the  wing  and  the  continuity  of  the  band  is  thus  broken  at  this 
point.  In  pulvcrulenta  the  inner  edge  of  these  two  spots  forms 
an  even  lipe  and  the  band  is  not  broken  at  the  point  of  junc- 
tion. This  difference  seems  to  be  the  only  outstanding  super- 
ficial character  by  which  the  two  species  may  be  separated. 

The  figure  of  the  male  genitalia  is  from  a  specimen  from 
Texas.  The  claspers  terminate  in  a  bluntly  triangular  apex, 
back  of  which  rises  a  very  long  dorsal  arm,  curving  outward 
and  then  downward  with  its  rounded  tip  extending  over  the 
apex  of  the  clasper.  The  aedoeagus  is  a  little  longer  and  less 
thick  than  in  pulvcrulenta  and  instead  of  the  very  large  cluster 
of  internal  spines  of  that  species,  carries  one  very  long  heavy 
spine  (or  perhaps  a  narrow,  closely  appressed  cluster)  and 
one  small  spine.  The  two  horn-like  projections  near  the  apex 
are  also  much  less  developed  in  evansi. 

Brigadier  W.  H.  Evans  of  the  British  Museum  has  called 
the  attention  of  the  writer  to  the  fact  of  the  confusion  of  this 
species  with  pulverulent  a  and  it  is  with  great  pleasure  that  the 
new  species  is  named  for  him. 

Expanse :  male,  25  mm.  to  36  mm.,  female,  36  mm.  to  38 
mm. 

Type  material. — Holotype  male,  Baboquivari  Mountains, 
ARIZONA;  allotype  female,  El  Paso,  TEXAS,  in  collection  of  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Paratypes:  84  males 
and  10  females  distributed  as  follows,  24  males,  2  females, 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History;  19  males,  2  females, 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia;  9  males,  6 
females,  United  States  National  Museum ;  32  males  in  collec- 
tion of  Cyril  F.  dos  Passes.  The  paratypes  are  from  the 
following  localities:  ARIZONA:  (roughly  north  to  south) 
Coyote  Mountains ;  Verde  River,  Jerome ;  Congress  Jc. ;  San 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  167 

Carlos  Lake;  wheatfields  near  Globe;  Redington;  Tucson; 
Baboquivari  Mountains ;  Cochise  County ;  Huachaca  Moun- 
tains, south  Arizona.  Fresnal  Canyon;  Tuscon;  Paradise; 
Santa  Rita  Mountains;  TEXAS:  Alpine;  Big  Bend;  Davis 
Mountains.  NEW  MEXICO  :  Alamogordo.  CALIFORNIA  :  Palm 
Springs;  San  Diego  County;  Colo,  desert  of  California. 
Mexico:  Sonora;  Baja  California. 
Atrytone  berryi  new  species  (Fig-.  3). 

$  .  Upper  side.  Primaries  bright  fulvous  with  a  broad 
blackish  brown  border,  a  blackish  brown  spot  beyond  the  end 
of  the  cell,  base  dark  brownish  and  covered  with  fulvous 
hairs,  inner  margin  below  vein  1  blackish  brown  with  fulvous 
hairs  in  the  basal  half ;  a  broad,  black,  oblique  stigma  of  two 
parts  across  interspaces  1  and  2 ;  two  fulvous  subapical  spots. 
Fringes  pale  fulvous  or  pale  brownish  fulvous,  sometimes 
becoming  whitish  at  the  tip. 

Secondaries  with  broad  blackish  brown  costal  and  outer 
borders,  abdominal  fold  blackish  brown  covered  with  fulvous 
hairs ;  the  discal  area  fulvous,  cut  into  three  elongate  spots  by 
the  black  veins ;  long  fulvous  hairs  extend  from  the  base  over 
and  below  the  cell.  Fringes  fulvous  becoming  whitish  at  the 
tip. 

Under  side.  Primaries  brownish  fulvous  in  the  apical  half, 
the  base  black  from  the  cell  downward,  a  black  stripe  indicat- 
ing the  stigma  of  the  upper  side,  inner  margin  black  below 
vein  1,  outer  margin  black  in  interspace  1,  a  black  spot  in  inter- 
space 2  not  reaching  the  margin.  Three  discal  spots  and  the 
apical  half  of  the  cell  brighter  fulvous.  The  lower  of  the  two 
subapical  spots  dimly  visible. 

Secondaries  darker  fulvous,  immaculate;  all  the  veins  dis- 
tinctly paler  yellowish  fulvous. 

Upper  side  of  the  body  with  fulvous  brown  hairs.  Top  of 
head  and  palpi  fulvous  or  fulvous  brown.  Beneath  the  palpi 
and  pectus  are  fulvous,  sometimes  a  few  black  hairs  in  the 
palpi ;  thorax  fulvous  or  fulvous  brown  ;  abdomen  pale  fulvous 
and  with  or  without  a  narrow,  broken,  dark  central  line.  An- 
tennae black  above,  fulvous  beneath,  the  apical  part  of  the 
club  black,  the  apiculus  red. 

9  .  Upper  side.  Primaries  blackish  brown,  a  discal  band 
of  four  bright  fulvous  spots,  two  in  interspace  1,  the  lower 
one  the  larger,  the  upper  one  very  small  and  extending  further 
toward  the  outer  margin  than  the  lower  one ;  an  oblong  spot 
in  interspace  2  beyond  the  base  of  the  interspace,  convex  on 


168  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

the  inner  side  and  concave  on  the  outer  side ;  a  somewhat 
wedge-shaped  spot  in  interspace  3 ;  two  small,  elongate  sub- 
apical  spots  of  the  same  color.  Fringes  sordid  brownish. 

Secondaries.  Blackish  brown  with  or  without  a  small  ful- 
vous discal  area  cut  by  the  veins  into  three  rather  hazy,  elong- 
ate spots.  Fringes  sordid  brownish  or  dirty  whitish. 

Beneath.  Primaries  blackish  brown  in  the  basal  half  below 
the  cell  and  along  inner  border  except  at  the  extreme  outer 
margin.  The  discal  band  and  lower  subapical  spot  repeated, 
paler,  the  two  spots  in  interspace  1  fused  into  one  large  spot 
and  extended  to  nearly  the  outer  margin  and  sordid  whitish. 
Secondaries  as  in  the  male  but  a  little  darker  in  tone. 

Body  above  with  brownish  or  fulvous  brown  hairs.  Top  of 
head  and  palpi  with  brownish  and  fulvous  hairs.  Beneath  as 
in  the  male. 

Expanse :  male,  36  mm.  to  38  mm. ;  female,  38  mm.  to  42 
mm. 

Type  material. — Holotypc  male ;  Monticello,  FLORIDA,  March 
31  (Engelhardt)  ;  allot ype  female;  Merritts  Island,  Brevard 
County,  Florida,  September  30,  (Berry),  in  collection  of  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Paratypes;  two 
males,  Orlando,  Florida,  October  8,  one  female,  same  locality. 
October  17  (Berry),  in  collection  of  Mr.  Cyril  F.  dos  Passos ; 
one  female,  Miami,  Florida,  (Hebard)  in  collection  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  name  this  species  for  Mr.  Dean  F.  Berry 
of  Orlando,  Florida,  who  collected  most  of  the  specimens. 

On  the  upper  side  the  appearance  of  the  male  is  similar  to 
that  of  Atrytone  conspicua  Edwards  but  the  outer  margin  of 
the  wings  is  not  quite  so  rounded  and  the  stigma  is  slightly 
thinner  than  in  that  species.  On  the  under  side  the  appearance 
is  more  similar  to  that  of  Atrytone  bimacula  Grote  and  Robin- 
son, especially  in  the  pale  veins  of  the  secondaries  but  these 
are  pale  fulvous  in  bcrryi  and  more  nearly  whitish  in  bima- 
cula and  besides  bcrryi  entirely  lacks  the  white  inner  margin 
of  these  wings,  which*  is  so  conspicuous  in  bimacula. 

The  females  resemble  that  sex  of  Atrytone  arpa  Boisduval 
and  LeConte  on  the  upper  side  but  they  are  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  entirely  different  appearance  of  the  under  side, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  169 

and  besides  they  are  of  a  smaller  size  than  the  usual   female 

arpa. 

The   male   genitalia  differ   materially   from   any   of   the   other 

closely  related  species  in  the  genus. 


The  Leng  Types  of  Cicindelidae 
(Coleoptera). 

By  RICHARD  G.  DAHL,  Oakland,  California. 

The  following  is  presented  in  order  to  designate  lectotypes 
of  the  species  of  Cicindelidae  described  by  C.  W.  Leng  in 
cotype  series  and  to  give  in  detail  data  concerning  these,  as 
well  as  the  other  species  described  by  him.  The  discussion  is 
intended  to  clarify  their  present  status,  and  to  add  further  in- 
formation concerning  them. 

Lectotypes  herewith  designated  are  now  located  in  the  col- 
lection of  M.  A.  Cazier,  unless  otherwise  stated.  Several 
other  Leng  types  are  located  in  other  collections  as  are  noted 
herein.  Thanks  are  due  M.  A.  Cazier  for  the  generous  use  of 
his  collection  and  for  his  helpful  suggestions  and  assistance. 
I  wish  to  express  my  appreciation  also  to  L.  L.  Buchanan,  E. 
A.  Chapin,  P.  J.  Darlington,  C.  W.  Leng,  and  A.  S.  Nicolay 
for  their  assistance. 

1.    OMUS  INTERMEDIUS  Leng.     Leng,   C.   W.,   1902,  Cic.  of 
Bor.  Amer. ;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p.  104. 

Discussion:  In  the  description  of  this  species,  C.  W.  Leng 
does  not  mention  a  type,  and  I  have  been  unable  to  locate  any 
specimens  with  the  data  as  given  in  his  discussion.  However, 
there  is  a  specimen  in  the  E.  D.  Harris  collection,  at  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  which  now  stands  under 
proccnis  Casey  and  is  labeled  "0/248";  "cotype  inlcnncdius 
Leng";  "Colony  Mill  Rd.  n.  Kaweah,  California,  May  1,  R. 
Hopping"  and  "from  C.  W.  Leng  Nov.  1906,  this  laK-1  is  his 
identification  of  the  specimen"  and  "Nov.  1910  determined  by 
C.  W.  L.  as  v.  proccnis  Cas."  I  do  not  believe  this  specimen 
should  be  known  as  the  type  of  inter  nicdhis.  It  would  be  wise 
to  have  a  lectotype  designated,  should  anyone  encounter  the 


170  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

material  as  mentioned  by  Leng  (1902). 

2.  TETRACHA  CAROLINA  var.  FLORIDANA  Leng  and  Mutchler. 
Leng,   C.   W.,  and   Mutchler,   A.   J.,    1916,   Desc.   Cat.   W. 
Ind.  Cic. ;  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  XXXV,  p.  688. 

Type  Locality:  Everglade,  Florida.  Date:  June,  1912.  Col- 
lectors: sons  of  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Storter.  Type  Now  Located: 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Discussion:  Evidence  shown  by  C.  W.  Leng  in  his  descrip- 
tion tends  to  indicate  the  confinement  of  this  form  to  one 
locality,  therefore  it  should  be  known  as  Tetracha  Carolina 
subspecies  floridana.  In  collections  examined  none  were  found 
to  occur  outside  the  type  locality.  In  this  subspecies,  the 
cupreous  is  completely  lost  from  the  head,  pronotum,  and 
elytra.  Otherwise  this  form  agrees  with  Carolina. 

3.  ClCINDELA    FORMOSA    Var.    MANITOBA    Leng.       Leng,    C.    W., 

1902,  Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer. ;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII, 
p.  137. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Aweme,  Hudson  Bay,  Manitoba.  Col- 
lector: Norman  Criddle. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  cotype  series 
of  six,  all  from  Aweme,  Hudson  Bay,  Manitoba  (C.  W.  Leng 
collection).  This  has  always  been  considered  a  variety,  but 
because  of  its  restricted  occurance  in  the  north,  it  should  be 
known  as  Cicindela  formosa  subspecies  manitoba.  In  this  sub- 
species the  widened  pattern  on  the  elytra,  as  well  as  its  re- 
stricted distribution,  may  easily  distinguish  it  from  its  most 
closely  related  form  Cicindela  formosa  gcncrosa  Dej. 

4.  C.  PURPUREA  var.  NIGERRIMA  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1918, 
New  Race  of  Cicindela,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXVI, 
p.  139. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Oslar;  Chimney  Gulch,  Golden,  Colo- 
rado. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  specimen  of 
the  series  in  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection.  In  the  assignment  of 
the  name  to  this  varital  form  of  purpurea,  Mr.  Leng  did 
not  designate  a  type.  The  specimen  above  designated  is 
from  the  series  that  was  before  him  at  that  time.  Cicindela 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  171 

purpurea  var.  nigcrrima  is  the  black   form  of  Cicindela  pur- 
pure  a  Oliv.  and  occurs  regularly  throughout  its  range. 

5.  C.  PURPUREA  var.  TRANSVERSA  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1902, 

Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer. ;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p. 
131. 

Lectotype  Locality:     North  Illinois. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  cotype  series 
of  eight  specimens.  Additional  cotype  specimens  from  Eureka, 
Missouri,  April  30,  1905  (Smyth)  ;  South  Orange,  New  Jersey, 
September  1,  1888;  Colorado;  Louisiana,  Missouri,  September, 
1919,  (G.  M.  Dodge)  ;  North  Illinois,  all  in  the  C.  W.  Leng 
collection.  In  the  designated  lectotype  there  is  a  slight  indica- 
tion of  the  oblique  middle  lunule  present,  however  in  the  cotype 
series,  the  middle  transverse  band  is  shortened  and  in  one 
specimen  almost  lacking.  At  the  present  this  is  considered 
as  a  variety  of  Cicindela  purpurea  Oliv. 

6.  C.  PURPUREA  var.  LUDOVICIANA  Leng.    Leng,  C.  W.,  1902, 
Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer.;  Trans.  Amer-  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p. 

132. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Vowell's  Mill,  Louisiana.  Collector: 
George  Coverdale. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  cotype  series 
of  five  all  from  Vowell's  Mill,  Louisiana  (C.  W.  Leng  collec- 
tion). In  this  variety  of  purpurea  the  blue  head  and  pro- 
notum  are  contrasted  to  the  purplish  margined  green  elytra. 
This  variety  is  very  distinct,  and  can  hardly  be  confused  with 
any  of  its  closely  related  subspecies  and  varieties. 

7.  C.  TRANQUEBARICA  var.  MINOR  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1910, 

Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  XVIII,  p.  80. 

Discussion:  In  this  variety  C.  W.  Leng  did  not  designate 
a  type  or  cotypes,  but  merely  described  it  as  "smaller  than  the 
northern  forms  and  never  metallic  or  brilliant  colored",  he  also 
states :  "The  few  specimens  found  in  Georgia  were  of  this 
small  dark  form,  which  has  been  called  minor  by  Mr.  Eclw.  D. 
Harris." 

There  is  no  specimen  in  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection  that 
agrees  well  enough  to  be  designated  as  a  lectotype  of  this 


172  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '41 

form.     It  is   considered  at   present  to   be   a   faint  variety   of 
Cicindela  tranquebarica  Hbst. 

8.  C.  TRANQUEBARICA  var.  HORicoNENSis  Leng.  Leng,  C.  W., 
1902,    Cic.    of    Bor.    Amer. ;    Trans.    Amer.    Ent.     Soc. 
XXVIII,  p.  145. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Lake  George,  New  York.  Date: 
August. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  cotype  series 
of  seventeen  specimens.  Additional  cotype  specimens  are  from 
the  following  localities;  De  Bruce,  New  York,  June  11,  1911, 
(Harris)  ;  Bartlett,  New  Hampshire,  June  4,  1915  (Harris)  ; 
North  Illinois ;  Keene  Valley,  Essex  County,  New  York,  Aug- 
ust 17,  24,  and  27,  1919  (H.  Nortman)  ;  Marquette,  Michigan; 
Mount  Desert,  Maine,  August :  and  Boisdale,  C.  B.,  all  in  the 
C.  W.  Leng  collection.  In  the  cotype  series  before  me  the 
markings  vary  considerably.  In  the  designated  lectotype  the 
markings  are  reduced,  and  in  the  middle  transverse  band  there 
is  a  break  just  before  the  point  of  intersection  at  the  margin. 
The  elytra  and  pronotum  are  cupreous,  and  the  impressions  of 
the  head  are  green.  The  cupreous  and  the  green-bronze  color 
are  the  only  characters  to  separate  this  variety  from  Cicindela 
tranquebarica  Hbst.  The  pubescence  of  the  thorax  and  ab- 
domen varies  as  in  that  of  Cicindela  tranquebarica  Hbst. 

9.  C.  TRANQUEBARICA  var.  SIERRA  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1902, 
Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer.;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p.  146. 
Lectotype  Locality:     Sierra  County,  California.     Collector: 

From  the  collection  of  Charles  Fuchs. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  female  designated  from  a  series  of 
three  specimens.  Additional  cotype  specimens  are  from  Big 
Trees,  Calaveras  County,  California,  and  Placer  County,  Cali- 
fornia, all  in  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection.  In  the  designated 
lectotype  the  color  is  brilliant  green  above,  with  purplish-green 
reflections  beneath ;  the  markings  are  reduced,  with  the  humeral 
lunule  almost  lacking.  In  the  other  two  cotypes,  one  is  an 
opaque  dark  green  and  the  other  a  sericeous  green ;  the  mark- 
ings on  each  are  represented  by  a  middle  transverse  band  only. 
This  form  thus  far  has  been  collected  only  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada  Range  in  California,  which  indicates  it  deserves  the 
status  of  Cicindela  tranquebarica  subspecies  sierra  Leng. 

(To  be  continued.) 


List  of  Titles  of  Publications  Referred  to  by  Numbers 
in  Entomological  Literature  in  Entomological  News. 

1.  Transactions   of   The  American   Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia. 

2.  Entomologische    Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein    etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annales  Sci.  Naturelles,  Zoologie,  Paris. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.      London,   Canada. 

5.  Psyche,  A  Journal  of  Entomology.     Boston,   Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitsclirift.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of   Economic   Entomology,   Geneva,   N.  Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Archives   do   Instituto    Biologico,    Sao   Paulo.  _ 

15.  Annales  Academia  Brasileira  de  Sciencias.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Entomologische   Zeitschrift.     Frankfurt-M. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the   Brooklyn   Entomological   Society.     Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 

21.  The  Entomologists'   Record  and  Journal  of   Variation.      London. 

22.  Bulletin  of  Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bolletino  del  Lab.  cli  Zool.  gen.  e  agraria  della  Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

27.  Bolletino  della  Societa  Entomologica  Italiana.     Geneva. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of   the   Ent.   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  Archives  do  Instituto  de  Biologia  Vegetal.    R.  d.  Janeiro. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.  E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

36.  Trans.  Royal  Entomological   Society,  London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the    Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville.  Fla. 

40.  American   Museum   Novitates.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schaffhaiisen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal   of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilefia    de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fur  Morphologic  und   Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural   Research.     Washington.   D.   C. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the  U.   S.   National   Mmeum.     Washington,   D.   C 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  Helsingfors.    Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv   fur    Naturgeschichte.    hrsg.  v.  E.  Strand.     Berlin. 

53.  Quarterly  Journal  of   Microscopical   Science.     London. 
^  Pan-Pacific    Entomologist.     San    Francisco,    Cal. 

57.  La  Feuille  des   Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Entomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.      Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologique.  ed.  P.  Lechevalirr.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,    Germany. 


61.  Proceedings  of   the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.     San  Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 

64.  Zeitschrift  des   osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fur  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.   K.   Escherich.     Berlin. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Physis.     Revista  Soc.  Argentina  Cien.  Nat.     Buenos  Aires. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,   Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,  England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Mem.  Institute  Butantan.     Sao  Paulo,   Brazil. 

75.  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     London. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin   Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv   for  zoologie,   K.   Svenska   Vetenskapsakademien   i.     Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

87.  Archiv  fur  Entwicklungsmechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.     Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaf  ten,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,   Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift   fur  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

97.  Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le  Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,  Quebec. 

101.  Tijdschrift  voor  entomologie.     Nederland.   Ent.   Ver.,   Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk   Forening,   Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological    Society,    Lawrence,    Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 
105.  Revista  de  Entomologia,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

106.  Anales  Sociedad  Cientifica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 

107.  Proc.,  Royal  Entomological   Society,  London. 

108.  Revista,  Col.   Nac.  Vicente  Rocafuerte,  Guayaquil. 

109.  Arbeiten  uber  morpholog.  und  taxonom.  ent.  aus   Berlin-Dahlem. 

110.  Arbeiten  ueber  physiolog.  u.  angewandte  ent.  aus  Berlin-Dahlem. 

111.  Memorias  do  Institute  Oswaldo  Cruz.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

112.  Anales    del    Institute    de    Biologia    Mexico. 

114.  Occasional  Papers  of  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan. 

115.  Memorias  de  la  Soc.  Cubana  de  Hist.  Nat.     Havana,  Cuba. 
1lrt.  Parasitology.     Ed.  Keilin  and  Hindle.     London. 

117.  Alicroentomology,    Stanford   University. 

118.  Ward's  Ent.  &  Nat.  Sci.  Bull.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

119.  American   Midland   Naturalist,   Notre  Dame,   Ind. 

120.  The   Great   Basin    Naturalist,   Provo,   Utah. 

121.  Ciencia,   Mexico   City. 

122.  Revista  Museo  de  la  Plata,  Buenos  Aires. 

123.  Indian  Journal  of  Entomology,  New  Delhi. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  173 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   V.   S.    L.    PATE,    L.    S.    MACKEY   and   J.    W.    CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
In  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Davis,  W.  T.— Charles  W.  Leng  and  the 
New  York  Entomological  Society.  [6]  49:  189-192,  ill. 
Kreibohm  de  la  Vega  G.  A. — Contribucion  al  conocimien- 
to  de  algunos  enemigos  naturales  de  la  oruga  de  la  hoja 
del  algoclonero  (Alabama  arg-illacea)  Lucha  biologica. 
[Rev.  Ind.  Y  Agric.  Tucuman]  30:  163-171,  ill.  Leng,  C. 
W.— Obituary  by  J.  D.  Sherman,  Jr.  [6]  49:  185-187. 
McCoy  &  Carver. — A  method  for  obtaining  spores  of  the 
fungus  Beauveria  bassiana  in  quantity.  [6]  49:  205-210,  ill. 
de  Seabra,  A.  F. — A  Entomologia  do  Trigo.  [Arq.  da  Secc. 
Biolog.  e  Parasit.]  3:  699  pp.  1939.  Szekessy,  W.— Dispu- 
tatio  physica  de  insectis  von  Andreas  Horvath.  Die  erste, 
von  einem  ungarn  verfasste  entomologische  abhamllung. 
[Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.]  33:  1-13.  Weiss,  Soraci  &  Mc- 
Coy.— Additional  notes  on  the  behavior  of  certain  insects 
to  different  wave-lengths  of  light.  [6]  49:  149-159,  ill. 

ANATOMY,     PHYSIOLOGY,     ETC.— Bucherl,    W.- 

Sobre  a  musculatura  da  Scolopendra  viridicornis.  [Mem. 
Inst.  Butantan]  14:  65-92.  Cambournac,  F.  J.  C. — Como 
os  mosquitos  transmiteni  as  sezoes  em  condic,<Vs  naturais. 
[Naturalia,  Lisboa]  II:  151-159,  ill.  Hanstrom,  B.— In- 
kretorische  organe,  sinnesorgane  und  nervensystem  des 
kopfes  einiger  niederer  insektenordnungen.  [Kungl.  Sv. 
Vet.  Akad.  HandlingarJ  18:  265  pp.,  ill.  Die  chromato- 


174  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '41 

phoraktivierende  substanz  des  insektenkopfes.  [  Lunds 
Univ.  Arssk.]  36:  No.  12:  20  pp.,  ill.  Kuhn  &  von  Engel- 
hardt. — Ein  das  fliigelmuster  beeinflussender  letalfaktor  bei 
Ptychopoda  seriata.  [97]  60:  561-566,  ill.  Perez,  Z.— Les 
cellules  secretrices  du  cerveau  de  quelques  Lepiclopteres. 
[An.  Fac.  Cien  Porto]  25:  92-94.  Toth,  L.— The  protein 
metabolism  of  the  aphicls.  [Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.]  33:  167- 
170.  Wagner,  E. — Ueber  eine  die  gonaden  beeinflussende 
mutation  von  Ptychopoda  seriata.  [97]  60:  567-589,  ill. 
Woke,  P.  A. — Structure  and  development  of  the  alimentary 
canal  of  the  southern  armyworm  larva.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.] 
Tech.  Bull.  762:  29  pp.,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA   AND    MYRIOPODA.— Chamberlin,    R. 

V.— New  American  millipeds.  [Bull.  Univ.  Utah]  31:  3-39, 
ill.  da  Fonseca,  F. — Notas  de  Acareologia.  Familias 
genero  e  especie  novos  de  acarianos  parasitas  do  pulmao 
de  serpentes  (Pneumophionyssid.  n.  fain,  e  Entonyssid.  n. 
fam.).  [Mem.  Inst.  Butantan]  14:  53-58,  ill.  Bolivilaelaps 
tricholabiatus,  gen.  n.,  sp.  n.  ( Laelaptid.).  [Mem.  Inst. 
Butantan]  14:  59-64,  ill.  de  Mello-Leitao,  C. — Spiders  of 
the  Guiana  forest  collected  by  O.  W.  Richards.  [Arq.  Zool. 
Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  175-197,  ill.  (*).  Aranhas  do 
Espirito  Santo  Coligidas  por  Mario  Rosa,  em  1936  e  1937. 
[Arq.  Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  199-214.  (*). 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS   OF   INSECTS.— Geotsch, 

W. — Staatengrundung  und  kastenbildung  bei  Termiten. 
[88]  29:  1-13,  ill.  Guimaraes,  L.  R.— Notas  sobre  Siphon- 
aptera  e  redescriqao  de  Polygenis  occidentalis.  [Arq.  Zool. 
Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  215-250,  ill.  Kohls,  G.  M.— Siphon- 
aptera.  A  study  of  the  species  infesting  wild  hares  and 
rabbits  of  North  America  north  of  Mexico.  [Nat.  Inst. 
Health]  Bull.  175:  34  pp.,  ill.  Sanderson,  M.  W.— A  bat 
flea  new  to  Arkansas.  [103]  14:  60.  The  order  Embioptera 
new  to  Arkansas.  [103]  14:  60.  Setty,  L.  R. — Description 
of  the  larva  of  Bittacus  apicalis  and  a  key  to  bittacid 
larvae.  [103]  14:  64-65.  Truxal  &  Jenkins.— An  Ascala- 
phid  larva  note.  [103]  14:  71.  Viets,  D. — A  biological  note 
on  the  Mantispidae  [103]  14:  70-71. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Hebard,  M.— A  new  species  of  Ptero- 
phylla  from  eastern  Mexico  (Tettigoniid.).  [Notulae  Nat.] 
No.  81 :  4  pp.,  ill.  Matthey,  R. — Etude  biologique  et  cyto- 
logique  de  Saga  pedo  (Tettigoniid.).  [Rev.  Suisse  Zool. 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  175 

48:  91-142,  ill.  Smith,  C.  W.— Successful  hibernation  of 
the  earwig  (parasite  Bigonicheta  setipennis  in  Ontario. 
[75th  Ann.  Rep.  Ent.  Soc.  Ontario]  1940:  29-32.  Tink- 
ham,  E.  R. — Biological  and  faunistic  notes  on  the  Cicadidue 
of  the  Big  Bend  Region  of  Trans-Pecos,  Texas.  [6]  49: 
165-182,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Beard,  R.  L.— The  biology  of  Anasa 
tristis,  with  particular  reference  to  the  tachinid  parasite, 
Trichopoda  pennipes.  [Conn.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.j  Bull.  440: 
597-679,  ill.  Drake,  C.  J.— New  American  Tingitidae.  [91] 
31 :  141-145.  Gomez-Menor  Ortega,  J. — Coccidos  de  la 
Republica  Dominicana  (Cocc.)  [EOS]  16:  125-143,  ill. 
Hungerford,  H.  B. — New  distributional  note  on  Notonecta 
borealis.  [103]  14:  53.  Kuitert,  L. — An  interesting-  ab- 
normality in  Ranatra  quadrilentata.  [103]  14:  71.  Monte, 
O. — Catalogo  dos  Tingitideos  do  Brasil  [Arq.  Zool.  Est. 
de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  65-174. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bell,  E.  L.— Two  new  subspecies  of 
Phlebodes  tiberius.  [6]  49:  193-197.  Bovey,  P.— Contribu- 
tion a  1'etude  genetique  et  biogeographique  de  Zygaena 
ephialtes.  [Rev.  Suisse  Zool.]  48:  1-90,  ill.  Carpenter,  G. 
D.  H. — An  interesting  sidelight  on  the  causes  of  colora- 
tion in  butterflies.  [31]  147:  356.  Clark,  A.  H.— Butter- 
flies of  Virginia.  [  Explor.  &  Field-Work  Smiths.  Inst. 
1940]  Publ.  3631:  57-60,  ill.  Dethier,  V.  G.— The  imma- 
ture stages  of  Rivula  propiqualis.  (119]  25:  450-453,  ill. 
Ferreira  d' Almeida,  R. — Algumas  observances  sobre  a 
fauna  de  Lepidopteros  da  America.  [Arq.  Zool.  Est.  de 
Sao  Paulo]  II:  299-318,  ill.  Uma  nova  subespecie  de  Iphi- 
clides  telesilaus.  |Arq.  Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  319- 
320,  ill.  Contribuigao  para  o  conhecimento  da  biologia  do 
Phyciodes  hernias.  (Nymphalidid.).  [Arq.  Zool.  Est.  de 
Sab  Paulo]  II:  321-324,  ill.  Field,  W.  D.— Additional 
notes  on  Calycopis  cecrops  and  Calycopis  beon  (Lycaeni- 
dae).  |  103  |  14:  66-69.  Filho,  J.  O.— Sobre  a  nomenclature 
dos  Lepidnpteros  da  familia  Adelocephalidac.  [Ar(|.  Zm>1. 
Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  325-339.  Euchromiidae  de  Salobra. 
[Arq.  Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  261-280.  ill.  Contri- 
buic/io  a  zoogeografia  dos  Euchromiidae  Brasileiros.  [Arq. 
Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  281-297,  ill.  Hayward,  K.  J. 
La  "lagarta  rosada"  del  algodonero  (Pectinophora  gossy- 
piella).  |  Est.  Exp.  Agric.  Tucuman]  Circ.  No.  93:  9  pp., 
ill.  Kuhn  &  von  Engelhardt. — See  under  Anatomy,  de 


176  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |June,    '41 

Martin,  M. — La  coleccion  de  Lepidopteros  del  Museo. 
[Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  "Javier  Prado]  5:  46-61,  cont.  Mc- 
Dunnough,  J. — On  the  characters  of  two  genera  closely 
allied  to  Eupithecia  (Geometrid.).  [4]  73:  62-63.  (k).  New 
species  of  moths,  mostly  California!!.  [4]  73:  66-76.  Schaus, 
W. — New  species  of  heterocerous  moths  in  the  United 
States  National  Museum.  [50]  89:  497-511.  (S).  Schweizer 
&  Webster  Kay. — Lepidopteros  del  Uruguay.  [An.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  Montevideo]  5:  3-14,  ill.  (*).  Stallings,  D.  B. 

—A  note  on  Strymon  alcestis.  (Lycaenidae).  [103]  14:  63. 
Aberrations  found  in  Kansas.  [103]  14:  72.  Watson,  H.  F. 

-Wings  to  unfurl.   [Jr.  Nat.  Hist.  Mag.]    1941:   11-14,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— Alexander,  C.  P.— Records  and  descrip- 
tions of  neotropical  crane-flies  (Tipulidae).  [6]  49:  139- 
148.  (*).  Ayroza  Galvao,  A.  L. — Contribuiqao  ao  conheci- 
mento  das  especies  de  Myzorhynchella  (Culicid)  [Arq. 
Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  505-576,  ill.  (*).  Bruch,  C.- 
Observaciones  biolo^icas  sobre  "Dilophus  similis"  Rondani 
(Bibionidae).  [Notas  Mus.  de  La  Plata]  5:  307-315,  ill. 
Huckett,  H.  C. — A  revision  of  the  North  American  species 
belonging  to  the  genus  Pegomyia  (Muscidae).  [Mem. 
Amer.  Ent.  Soc.]  No.  10:  131  pp.,' ill.  Hull,  F.  M— Some 
new  species  of  Syrphidae.  [103]  14:  61-63.  de  Oliveira,  S. 
J. — Sobre  Ophyra  aenescens  (Anthomyid.).  [Arq.  Zool. 
Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  341-355,  ill.  Reinhard,  H.  J.— A 
new  nearctic  species  of  Exopalpus  (Tachinidae).  [103]  14: 
58-60.  de  Souza  Lopes,  H. — Sobre  alguns  sarcofagideos 
neotropicos  da  colec,ao  do  Museu  Britanico.  [Arq.  Zool. 
Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  357-387,  ill.  (*).  Strickland,  E.  H. 
— A  new  genus  of  the  family  Tachinidae  from  Alberta.  [4] 
73:  64-66,  ill.  Townsend",  C.  H.  T.— An  undescribed 
American  Cephenemyia.  [6]  49:  161-163. 

COLEOPTERA.— Blackman,  M.  W.— Bark  beetles  of 
the  genus  Hylastes  in  North  America.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.] 
Misc.  Publ.  417:  27  pp.  (*k).  Bruch,  C.— Descripcion  de 
un  nuevo  histerido  mirmecofilo.  [Notas  Mus.  de  La  Plata] 
5:  315-318,  ill.  Fletcher,  F.  C.— Collecting  and  preserva- 
tion of  Coleoptera.  [118]  14:  7-11,  ill.  Glen,  R.— Contri- 
butions to  the  morphology  of  the  larval  Elateridae  No.  2. 
Agriotes  limosus.  [4]  73:  57-62,  ill.  Hinton,  E.  E.- 
Nuevos  Driopidas  peruanos.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  "Javier 
Prado"]  5:  38-45,  ill.  Pessoa  &  Lane. — Coleopteros  necro- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  177 

fagos  de  interesse  medico-legal.  Ensaio  monografico  sobre  a 
familia  Scarabaeidae  de  S.  Paulo  e  regioes  vizinhas.  [Arq. 
Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  389-504,  ill.  (k).  Soraci,  F. 
A. — Hibernation  of  (Myllocerus)  Corigetus?  castaneus. 
[6]  49:  138. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bugbee,  R.  E.— Host  relations  and 
geographic  distribution  of  new  species  of  the  genus  Eury- 
toma  from  Mexico.  [103J  14:  54-57.  Chisolm,  J.  J.— A 
tiny  army  fights  the  Japanese  beetle.  [Nat.  Hist.]  47:  268- 
27  f,  ill.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Some  tertiary  insects  from 
Colorado.  [Amer.  Jour.  Sci.]  239:  354-356."  ill.  Dowden, 
P.  B. — Parasites  of  the  birch  leaf-mining  sawfly  (Phyllo- 
toma  nemorata).  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Tech  Bull.  757:  56 
pp.,  ill.  Raskins,  C.  P. — Note  on  the  method  of  colony 
foundation  of  the  ponerine  ant  Bothroponera  soror.  [6] 
49:  211-216.  Henderson,  C.  F. — Apparatus  and  technique 
for  the  study  of  the  egg  parasites  of  the  beet  leafhopper. 
[U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Circ.  593:  18  pp.,  ill.  Lafleur,  L.  J. 
—Communal  disaffection  in  ants.  [6]  49:  199-204.  Mari, 
J.  G. — Monografia  de  los  Cerceris  de  Espana.  (Spheg.). 
[EOS]  15  (1939):  7-93,  ill.  Moure,  P.  J.— Apoidea  neo- 
tropica.  [Arq.  Zool.  Est.  de  Sao  Paulo]  II:  39-64.  ill.  (*). 
Popov,  V.  B. — Family  Oxaeidae  and  processes  of  morpho- 
logical reduction  in  bees.  [Comptes  Rendus,  Acacl.  Sci., 
U.  S.  S.  R.]  30:  82-85.  ill.  Sjogren,  S.  J.— Das  anpassung- 
svermogen  des  bienenstaates.  [Lunds  Univ.  Arssk.]  36: 
No.  7:  15  pp.,  ill.  Timberlake,  P.  H. — Ten  new  species  of 
Stelis  from  California.  [6]  49:  123-137. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Look  at  Life!  A  collection  of 
the  nature  photographs  of  L.  M.  Chace.  New  York.  1940. 
Manual  of  Myiology.  Part  X.  By  C.  H.  T.  Townsend.  334 
pp.  1940. 


THE  FRANCIS  WALKER  TYPES  OF  TRICIIOPTERA  IN  THE 
BRITISH  MUSEUM,  by  CORNELIUS  BETTEN  and  MARTIN  E. 
MOSKI.Y.  British  Museum,  London.  June  8,  1940,  Price  15 
shillings,  ix  and  248  pp.,  122  figs. — In  1852  Walker  described 
101  species  of  Trichoptera,  71  from  North  America,  the  re- 
mainder from  other  scattered  parts  of  the  world.  The  species 
from  North  America  have  been  a  source  of  dispute  and  con- 
fusion since  the  time  of  their  description  and  one  of  the  gravest 
stumbling-blocks  to  students  of  the  Trichoptera.  The  book  of 
Betten  and  Mosely  dealing  with  these  is  a  fine  piece  of  work 


178  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

which  redescribes  Walker's  types  to  bring  out  every  valuable 
taxonomic  character  used  in  present  day  studies.  The  aim  of 
the  book  was  to  settle  the  many  problems  which  have  arisen  in 
regard  to  the  identity  of  these  species  and  the  two  authors  have 
succeeded  brilliantly.  It  is  now  one  of  the  basic  papers  which 
is  indispensable  to  the  study  of  North  American  caddis  flies. 
Every  specimen  recorded  by  Walker  is  studied  and  an  inter- 
pretation given  on  opinions  published  in  the  past  by  various 
authors.  Definite  types  are  designated  for  Walker's  species 
and  from  the  remainder  of  the  material  six  new  species  and 
one  new  variety  are  described.  Two  new  genera  are  erected, 
Trentonius  and  Frencsia.  The  drawings  by  D.  E.  Kimmins 
are  ample,  clear,  and  in  fine  scale.  There  is  no  doubt  but  that 
this  book  lays  a  foundation  for  a  much  more  stable  group  of 
names  in  caddis  fly  literature.  Both  the  authors  and  the 
Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  deserve  a  vote  of  thanks  for 
the  planning,  execution,  and  publication  of  this  book. — HERBERT 
H.  Ross. 


OBITUARY 

Dr.  LEVI  W.  MENGEL,  founder  and  director  emeritus  of  the 
Reading,  Pennsylvania,  Public  Museum  and  Art  Gallery  and 
internationally  known  entomologist,  died  in  Reading  Hospital 
on  the  afternoon  of  February  3,  1941. 

He  would  have  been  73  years  old  on  September  27.  He  was 
stricken  by  a  heart  attack  while  working  in  the  Reading 
Museum  on  the  previous  afternoon.  Alone,  save  for  one  or 
two  members  of  the  janitorial  staff,  he  telephoned  his  physician, 
telling  him  he  had  an  attack  of  indigestion.  The  doctor  found 
Mengel  sitting  in  his  accustomed  chair  in  the  Museum  office, 
suffering  from  a  coronary  occlusion,  treated  him  and  drove 
him  to  the  Reading  Hospital  where,  on  the  following  afternoon, 
Dr.  Mengel  fell  asleep  and  never  awoke. 

Dr.  Levi  Walter  Scott  Mengel,  a  son  of  the  late  Mathias 
and  Amelia  M.  (Soder)  Mengel,  was  born  in  Reading  on  Sep- 
tember 27,  1858.  After  his  graduation  from  Reading  High  School 
he  entered  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  taking  his 
degree  in  1891.  In  1930,  he  received  an  honorary  doctor  of 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  179 

science  degree  from  Bucknell  University.  Albright  College, 
Reading,  gave  him  an  honorary  doctor  of  laws  degree  in  1934. 
In  1891,  he,  with  other  members  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia  joined  Lieutenant  (later  Rear  Ad- 
miral) Peary's  expedition  to  West  Greenland,  he  as  the  expedi- 
tion's entomologist.  Returning  to  Reading,  he  was  employed 
by  the  Reading  School  District  as  a  teacher,  was  a  vice  prin- 
cipal from  1902  to  1915,  director  of  the  Reading  Museum  and 
Art  Gallery  from  1915  to  1939  and  director  emeritus  until  his 
death. 

In  1932  he  spent  some  time  in  Czechoslovakia  with  the  late 
Dr.  Adelbert  Seitz,  the  well-known  lepidopterist,  and  on  a 
number  of  occasions  exchanged  butterflies  with  the  Grand 
Duke  Nicholas  Michaelovitch  Romanoff.  He  was  a  collector 
of  birds,  minerals,  stamps,  postcards  and  butterflies ;  the  last 
named  collection,  valued  at  $250,000,  he  gave  to  the  Reading 
Museum.  It  includes  one  of  the  best  collections  of  Erycinidae 
in  the  world,  that  of  the  British  Museum  being  perhaps  more 
extensive ;  it  is  also  rich  in  Nymphalidae  and  Papilionidae. 

In  1892  he  published,  jointly  with  the  late  Dr.  Henry  Skinner, 
a  paper  on  Greenland  Lepidoptera  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.  1892,  pp.  156-159).  It  is  based  on  the  specimens  cap- 
tured by  himself  and  Dr.  Wm.  E.  Hughes,  ornithologist  of 
the  Peary  Expedition.  Twelve  species  are  represented :  2 
Pierids,  1  Lycaenid,  1  Nymphalid,  1  Bombycid,  4  Noctuids 
and  3  Geometrids.  Two  of  them  were  described  as  new. 
Glaucoptcr\.\-  imuiaculata,  a  geometer,  and  a  Pierid  butterfly, 
Colias  hccla,  new  variety  pallida.  The  latter  and  some  of  the 
others  were  figured  in  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  (vol.  Ill,  p.  49, 
pi.  ii,  March,  1892). 

In  1905  appeared  A  Catalogue  of  the  Erycinidae,  A  Family 
of  Butterflies  with  the  synonomy  |  sic  |  brought  down  to  July  1, 
1904.  By  Levi  W.  Mengel,  Prof,  Natural  History.  Boys' 
High  School,  Reading,  Pa.,  May,  1905.  The  above  is  the  printed 
title,  but  in  the  copy  which  the  author  presented  to  Dr.  Henry 
Skinner,  under  date  of  June  10.05,  "July"  has  been  crossed 
out  and  "Oct."  written  in  its  place.  The  preface  begins  as 


180  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '41 

follows :  "To  Whom  it  may  concern :  This  catalogue  is  the 
result  of  some  years  of  study  of  the  family  of  which  the 
author  makes  a  specialty.  It  was  made  as  a  working  catalogue 
for  the  author's  guidance.  That  it  is  not  without  fault  is  known 
even  to  the  writer ;  while  he  expects  criticism,  it  is  to  be  remem- 
bered that  the  sequence  of  genera,  etc.,  is  as  the  author  thinks 
it  ought  to  be  with  our  present  knowledge  of  the  family.  The 
writer  uses  'Erycinidae'  as  the  family  name ;  for  while  the  name 
is  preoccupied,  yet  working  naturalists  over  the  world  are  less 
familiar  with  'Lemoniiclae'  of  Kirby,  or  with  the  still  newer 
'Riodinidae'  of  Grote." 

The  Catalogue  comprises  161  pages,  with,  in  most  pages, 
two  columns  to  the  page.  A  brief  notice  of  it  was  published  by 
Dr.  Skinner  (unsigned)  in  the  NEWS  for  June,  1905,  page 
200,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  Prof  Mengel  published  it  at  his 
own  expense.  Mr.  R.  C.  Williams,  Jr.,  tells  us  that  Mengel 
told  him  that  the  sales  were  sufficient  to  take  care  of  the  cost 
of  publication  and  comments :  "a  rare  thing  for  a  privately 
printed  paper  in  Entomology."  A  notice  of  the  Catalogue 
appeared  also  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist  for  July,  1905, 
page  267,  but  it  was  not  entered  in  the  Zoological  Record  until 
1907. 

Dr.  Mengel  was  a  member  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science,  a  member  and  a  Research  Asso- 
ciate of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  and 
a  corresponding  member  of  The  American  Entomological 
Society.  He  was  one  of  the  most  widely  known  and  universally 
respected  men  in  Berks  County  and  one  of  the  first  advocates 
in  America  of  visual  education.  This  he  made  one  of  the 
functions  of  the  Reading  Museum,  of  which  museum  he  said 
that  it  was  no  rich  man's  luxury  but  an  important  adjunct  to 
Berks  County's  educational  institutions.  His  interest  in  the 
Museum  has  been  more  fully  touched  on  by  Lawrence  S. 
Dillon  in  Science  for  March  14,  1941,  and  by  the  local  news- 
papers, such  as  the  Reading  Times  for  February  4,  1941. 

FRIENDS  OF  L.  W.  M. 


KXCHANOES 

TMn   column    is   intended    only    for   wants   and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
ongest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted. — To  hear  from  specialists  who  would  care  to  determine 
some  family  of  insects  for  a  share  of  the  duplicates.  We  have  many 
specimens,  especially  in  some  families  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera. 
H.  E.  Jaques,  Iowa  Insect  Survey,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Correo  1043,  Buenos  Aires, 
Rep.  Argentina. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
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I 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


DIV     INS 
JULY,  1941  U.S.  HAIL, 


Vol.  LII  No.  7 


CONTENTS 

O'Byrne — The  Hibernation  in  Missouri  of  Zerene  caesonia  (Stoll)  ar  r 
Euptoieta    Claudia  (Cram.)   (Lepid.:  Pieridae  and  Nymphali- 

dae) 181 

Bell — On  Lerodea  telata  Herrich-Schaeffer  and  tyrtaeus  Ploetz  (Lepi- 

doptera:    Hesperiidae) 183 

Clark — The  Genus  Colias  in  North   America  (Lepidoptera:  Pieridae).       185 

Obituary — Dr.  Lee  Abram  Strong 187 

Dahl — The  Leng  Types  of  Cicindelidae  (ColeopteraJ 188 

Alexander — Undescribed    Species    of    Crane-flies    from    the  Eastern 

United  States  and  Canada  (Dipt.:  Tipulidae).  Part  VII.  ...        192 
Wagner — District  of  Columbia  Butterfly  Notes  (Lepidoptera:  Rhopa- 

locera) 196 

<^Franclemont — Notes  on  Some  Cuculliinae  (Phalaenidae,  Lepidoptera) 

1 201 

Current  Entomological  Literature 206 

Review  of  Harry  Hoogstraal's  Insects  and  Their  Stories 210 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  JULY  1941  No  7. 

The    Hibernation    in    Missouri   of  Zerene  caesonia 

(Stoll)  and  Euptoieta  claudia  (Cram.)  (Lepid.  : 

Pieridae  and  Nymphalidae). 

By  HAROLD  I.  O'BYRNE,  663  W.  Lockwood  Ave., 
Webster  Groves,  Missouri. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  winter  status  of  many  of  our  familiar 
butterflies  is  far  from  complete.  This  is  especially  true  of  a 
number  of  species  of  southern  distribution  which  are  known 
to  remain  on  the  wing  during  the  winter  months  in  the  South, 
but  whose  winter  habits  in  the  northern  parts  of  their  ranges 
are  shrouded  in  mystery.  Missouri  is  a  border  state  with  re- 
spect to  these  species,  and  for  that  reason,  data  on  their  Ifiber- 
nation  in  Missouri  should  have  special  significance.  The 
Missouri  species  that  deserve  study  in  this  connection  are 
Phocbis  sennae  cubule  (Linn.),  Zcrcne  caesonia  (Stoll), 
Eurema  nicippe  (Cram.),  E.  lisa  (Bdv.  &  Lee.),  Danaus  plcx- 
ippus  (Linn.),  Euptoieta  claudia  (Cram.),  Precis  cocuia 
(Hbn.),  and  Anaea  andria  Scud.  Of  these,  only  Anaca  andria 
has  heretofore  been  definitely  known  to  hibernate  in  the 
imagine  stage.  The  following  records  refer  to  Zerene  cae- 
sonia and  Euptoieta  claudia. 

Autumn  individuals  of  Zerene  caesonia  are  of  the  form  rosa 
McNeill,  characterized  by  the  more  or  less  extensive  pink  suf- 
fusion on  the  lower  surface  of  the  wings,  especially  in  the 
females.  In  contrast,  butterflies  of  the  summer  brood  are  plain 
yellow  below,  with  no  suggestion  of  pink.  Butterflies  captured 
in  the  spring,  therefore,  show  by  this  character  whether  they 
belong  to  the  brood  that  ordinarily  emerges  in  the  fall  or  the 
one  that  emerges  in  early  summer.  The  forms  and  dates  of 
the  specimens  in  my  collection  are : 

Form  rosa:     Mar.  6*;  Apr.   (no  date)*;  May  1. 

Form  caesonia:     May  22,  25;  June  11,  12,  U>. 

Form  rosa:     Sept.  11*.   15,  22;  Oct.  23. 

181 


182  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Specimens  starred  (*)  represent  the  form  of  rosa  known  as 
rosca  Roeber  and  belong  to  the  autumn  brood. 

The  earliest  three  spring  specimens  show  the  coloration  of 
the  brood  which  emerges  in  the  fall ;  however,  this  is  only 
circumstantial  evidence  that  they  actually  emerged  in  the 
autumn  preceding  their  capture.  But  the  one  caught  on  March 
6  (1932)  was  found  actually  hibernating,  under  a  small  log 
on  the  east  slope  of  a  narrow  valley.  The  butterfly  was  lying 
on  its  side,  dormant,  and  was  clinging  with  its  legs  to  debris 
on  the  ground.  This  observation  was  made  shortly  before  11 
a.  m.,  when  the  temperature  was  27°  F.,  at  Ranken  (4  miles 
east  of  Eureka,  St.  Louis  County),  Missouri. 

Less  conclusive  is  the  evidence  for  hibernation  in  Euptoieta 
claudia.  This  species  is  supposedly  triple-brooded,  but  I  find 
no  break  in  its  flying  period  during  the  summer,  though  the 
autumn  brood  is  well  set  off.  I  have  specimens  taken  on  the 
following  dates : 

Summer  brood  :    June  23. 
Autumn  brood:     Sept.  21;  Oct.  26;  Nov.  1,  9. 
Representative  additional  dates  of  its  occurrence,  taken  from 
my  records,  are : 

Summer  broods:  May  25;  June  3,  14,  27;  July  5,  12,  26; 
Aug.  10. 

Autumn  brood:     Sept.  20,  22;  Oct.  2,  11,  29. 
Possible  hibernators  :     May  13. 

At  Ranken,  May  13,  1932,  I  saw  a  badly  worn  and  faded 
female,  and  later  on  the  same  day  a  male  just  as  worn,  flying 
about  on  a  sheltered,  sunny  hillside.  The  early  date  (for  this 
species)  and  the  evident  worn  condition  of  the  butterflies, 
suggested  strongly  that  they  had  hibernated.  In  view  of  the 
complete  absence  of  records  of  possible  hibernators  in  other 
years,  it  may  be  that  1932  was  an  exceptionally  favorable  year 
and  that  hibernation  in  Missouri  takes  place  only  under  such 
favorable  conditions.  Scudder  (Everyday  Butterflies,  1899,  p. 
358)  says,  "It  seems  probable  that  the  butterfly  often  hiber- 
nates, and  that  some  of  the  autumn  chrysalids  do  not  disclose 
their  inmates  until  very  early  the  following  spring";  but 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  183 

Scudder  worked  in  a  locality  considerably  farther  north  than 
Missouri.  My  experience  has  been  that  all  that  have  pupated 
emerge  in  the  fall,  but  there  are  insufficient  data  to  indicate 
whether  the  usual  overwintering  stage  is  the  larva  or  the  adult. 
French  (Butterflies  of  the  Eastern  U.  S.,  4th  eel.,  1914,  p.  167) 
says  that  the  last  brood  probably  hibernates  in  the  larval  state. 
A  need  for  further  observation  is  apparent. 


On  Lerodea  telata  Herrich  Schaeffer  and  tyrtaeus 
Ploetz  (Lepidoptera:  Hesperiidae). 

By  E.  L.  BELL,  Flushing,  New  York. 

There  seems  to  have  been  more  or  less  confusion  in  the 
application  of  the  names  telata  and  tyrtaeus,  the  latter  usually 
having  been  considered  as  a  form  of  or  a  synonym  of  the 
former.  An  examination  of  the  male  genitalia  shows  that  the 
insects  to  which  these  names  should  be  applied  are  really  speci- 
fically distinct. 

LERODEA  TELATA  Herrich-Schaeffer   (Fig.   1). 
1869.      Cabal  us    telata    Herrich-Schaeffer,    Correspondenzblatt 

des    Zoologisch-Mineralogischen    Vereines    zu    Regensburg, 

xxiii,  p.  201. 
1883.     Hesperia  telata  Ploetz,   Stettiner  Entomologische  Zeit- 

ung,  xliv,  p.  51  ;  apellus  Kaden,  i.  1.     Laguayra. 

Herrich-Schaeffer  did  not  mention  the  locality  whence  came 
his  type  material.  The  original  description  distinctly  says 
that  the  spots  of  the  forewings  are  yellow  and  Ploetz  also  says 
that  they  are  of  that  color.  Specimens  before  the  writer  from 
localities  in  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  British  West  Indies  and 
Brasil  have  yellow  spots  on  the  primaries  and  these  are  con- 
sidered to  be  the  true  telata  of  Herrich-Schaeffer. 

Examination  of  the  male  genitalia  of  four  specimens  from 
the  countries  above  mentioned  shows  the  same  form  in  all  of 
them.  In  the  figure  here  given  of  a  specimen  from  Venezuela 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  claspers  terminate  in  a  short  triangular 
apex,  immediate!)  back  of  \vhich  risc-s  a  stout  dorsal  tooth 
fxli-nding  obliquely  backward. 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [JuLv,    '41 


1  2 

Male  genitalia  uf   1.   Lcrudca   tclala   Herrich-Schaffer,   2.   L.   lyrlacns 
Ploetz. 

LERODEA  TYRTAETS  Ploetz  (Fig.  2). 

1883.      Hcspcria    tyrtacns    Ploetz,    Stettiner    Entomologische 

Zeitung,  xliv,  p.  51.  Laguayra. 
1900.      Mcgistias    tclata    Godman,     (not    Herrich-Schaeffer), 

Biologia    Centrali-Americana,    Rhopalocera,    ii,    p.    574;    pi. 

101,    figs.    13,    14,    15    male    genitalia.    Mexico;    Honduras; 

Venezuela ;   Guiana. 
1907.     Hcspcria   tvrtacns  Godman,   Annals   and   Magazine  of 

Natural   History,    (7)    xx,  p.   143,  "Mcgistias  tclata   H.-S.- 

var." 
1909.     CaUimonniis  elides  Weeks,  Entomological  News,  xx,  p. 

263,   Suapure,  Venezuela. 
1911.      Callinionnns    elides    Weeks,    Illustrations    of    Diurnal 

Lepidoptera,  ii,  p.  29;  pi.  xxi,  fig.  1. 
1924.     Mcgistias   tclata   Draudt,    (not   Herrich-Schaeffer),   in 

Seitz  Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World,  v,  p.  974;  pi.  187i. 

In  his  paper  on  the  genus  Hcspcria  Ploetz  describes  tyrtacns 
immediately  following  his  diagnosis  of  tclata  Herrich-Schaeffer, 

and  states  that  the  spots  on  the  primaries  of  tyrtacns  are 
white,  thus  distinguishing  that  insect  from  tclata  with  yellow 
spots.  Godman  (1900)  states  that  the  insect  he  determined  as 
telata  had  white  spots,  which  he  shows  in  his  figure.  He  also 
figures  the  male  genitalia  of  a  Mexican  specimen,  this  figure 
differing  in  the  termination  of  the  claspers  from  the  form  found 
in  tclata. 

A  female  specimen  from  Ruatan  Island,  Honduras,  in  the 
collection  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  and  a 
series  of  male  specimens  in  the  collection  of  the  National 
Museum  from  Mexico ;  Guatemala ;  Costa  Rica  and  Taboga 
Island,  Panama,  have  small,  dirty  white  spots  on  the  pri- 
maries and  these  are  believed  to  be  tyrtacns. 

These  specimens  superficially  agree  with  the  Godman  figures 
and  the  form  of  the  genitalia  from  four  specimens,  kindly  dis- 


Hi,  '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

seeled  by  Mr.  \\'.  \).  Field,  agrees  in  detail  with  the  Godtnan 
figure. 

In  the  accompanying-  figure  of  the  genitalia  of  tyrhicus  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  claspers  terminate  in  a  long,  narrow, 
sharply  pointed  apex,  far  back  of  which  rises  a  short  triangu- 
lar tooth. 

Tyrtacus  usually  has  the  spots  of  the  discal  band  of  the 
primaries  much  smaller  than  those  found  in  t  chit  a  and  often 
some  of  them  are  very  indistinct  or  entirely  lacking,  but  other 
than  this  and  the  whitish  color  of  the  spots  there  is  consider- 
able resemblance  between  the  two  species,  especially  on  the 
under  side  of  the  secondaries  where  the  color  and  pattern  is 
very  much  the  same,  although  variable  in  both  species. 

The  Ploetz  type  of  t\rlacits  was  said  to  have  come  from 
Laguayra  and  in  this  region  may  possibly  fly  with  tclata  but 
in  Mexico  and  the  Central  American  region  it  appears  to  be 
the  prevailing  species. 


The  Genus  Colias  in  North  America  (Lepidoptera: 

Pieridae). 

By  AUSTIN  H.  CLARK,  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

In  the  study  of  butterflies  too  much  attention  has  bivn 
concentrated  on  the  description  and  study  of  type  or  typical 
specimens  and  too  little  on  the  description  of  species  as  a 
whole.  Yet  it  is  quite  as  important  to  understand  a  species  as 
a  unit  as  it  is  to  view  it  as  an  aggregation  of  subspecies.  forms, 
and  aberrations. 

The  following  description  of  the  common  local  Colias  is 
based  upon  a  very  large  number  of  specimens,  all  from  the 
District  of  Columbia.  They  were  collected  by  Mr.  Warren 
Herbert  Wagner,  Jr.,  who  has  been  so  kind  as  to  permit  me 
to  study  them  in  detail.  He  later  presented  them  to  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum. 


186  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jub',    '41 

Regarding  this  description  the  objection  may  be  raised  that 
the  specimens  represent  the  local  philodicc,  the  recent  immi- 
grant curythcmc,  and  hybrids  between  them.  But  since  f>Jiilo- 
dice  is  only  the  northeastern  form  of  eurytyieme  and  hybridi- 
zation occurs  at  all  points  where  the  ranges  of  these  two  forms 
overlap  the  picture  presented  by  these  specimens  is  a  perfectly 
natural  one  so  far  as  this  species  is  concerned. 

The  fore  wings  in  the  males  vary  from  18  to  32  mm.  in 
length,  and  in  the  females  from  18  to  33  mm.  Dwarfs  are 
most  common  in  early  spring,  though  they  occur  at  all  seasons. 
Giants  are  found  only  in  the  last  half  of  the  summer,  in  low 
and  more  or  less  damp  meadows. 

The  shape  of  the  fore  wings  is  very  varied.     They  may  be 
short  and  broad  with  the  outer  edge  at  right  angles  to  the  lower 
edge  and  the  outer  edge  rather  strongly  convex,  or  longer  with 
the  angle  between  the  outer  and  lower  borders  obtuse,  the  outer 
border   straight,   and   the   apex   pointed.      In    early   spring   or 
winter  individuals  they  may  be  markedly  elongated  and  narrow. 
The  extreme  type  of  short  wing  and  the  extreme  type  of  long 
wing  occur  most  frequently  in  very  small  individuals  and  are 
rare  in  individuals  above  medium  size.     The  pointed  wing  with 
the   straight   outer   border   is   characteristic   of   all   very   large 
individuals,    but    occurs    typically    developed    also    among    the 
smallest.    The  lower  border  of  the  fore  wings  is  straight  in  the 
females,  in  the  males  either  straight  or  bowed  outward  forming 
a   very   broadly   rounded   obtuse   angle    approximately    in    the 
center.     There  is  no  difference  in  wing  shape  between  yellow 
and  orange  individuals,  but  the  majority  of  the  yellow  indi- 
viduals have  the  outer  border  of  the  fore  wings  more  or  less 
convex  and  the  lower  border  straight,  while  most  of  the  orange 
ones,  particularly  the  larger,  have  the  outer  border  straight  and 
the  lower  bowed  outward.     However,  many  yellow  individuals, 
especially  the  larger  ones,  have  the  same  wing  shape  as  orange 
individuals  of  the  same  size.     There  is  little  difference  between 
males  and  females  in  the  shape  of  the  fore  wings,  though  in 
the  females  they  are  never  so  pointed  as  in  the  more  extreme 
males,  and  the  lower  border  is  always  straight. 

The  hind  wings  vary  from  evenly  rounded  with  scarcely  any 
trace  of  an  anal  angle  to  subangulate  with  a  sharply  rounded 
anal  angle,  almost  a  right  angle,  and  another  sharply  rounded 
angle  at  the  end  of  vein  6.  They  are  usually  broad,  the  maxi- 
mum width  in  the  females  and  in  many  males  being  88  percent 
of  the  length.  In  the  larger  males  with  strongly  angulated 


Hi.    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  187 

wings  the  width  is  80  percent  of  the  length.  In  long-winged 
early  spring  or  winter  individuals  the  maximum  width  is  only 
70  percent  of  the  length. 

The  color  varies  from  a  light  clear  citron  yellow,  sometimes 
more  or  less  greenish,  to  a  uniform  brilliant  orange,  the  males 
with  more  or  less  intense  violet  reflections,  usually  with  the 
costal  margin  yellow,  and  in  the  females  with  the  spots  in- 
cluded in  the  dark  borders  yellow.  But  the  costal  margin  in 
both  sexes  and  the  included  spots  in  the  dark  borders  of  the 
females  are  occasionally  orange  like  the  rest  of  the  wing. 
Rarely  the  males  are  chrome  yellow  or  uniform  light  dull 


orange. 


In  the  transition  from  the  yellow  to  the  deep  orange  forms 
the  orange  first  appears  as  a  faint  flush  on  the  under  side  of 
the  fore  wings  in  the  inner  portion.  The  next  stage  is  an 
orange  flush  between  the  lower  edge  and  vein  1  of  the  fore 
wing.  From  this  the  orange  flush  spreads  upward  to  the  cell. 
Individuals  are  common  that  have  the  fore  wings  suffused  with 
orange  in  a  roughly  triangular  patch  extending  from  the  wing 
base  outward  to  a  line  from  the  end  of  the  cell  to  the  lower 
end  of  the  dark  margin,  the  upper  and  outer  sides  of  this  orange 
triangle  gradually  shading  into  the  yellow  of  the  rest  of  the 
wing.  More  rarely  this  orange  patch  has  sharply  defined 
borders,  or  the  veins  anterior  to  the  orange  patch  are  broadly 
bordered  with  orange,  the  borders  being  broadest  at  the  base 
and  tapering  outwardly.  Next  the  orange  suffusion  appears 
on  the  hind  wings,  but  here  it  becomes  evident  uniformly  over 
the  entire  wing  except  anterior  to  vein  7  and  below  vein  1, 
these  areas  always  remaining  yellow.  As  the  orange  spreads 
over  the  wings  it  usually  deepens  in  color,  though  this  is  not 
always  true.  Uniform  pale  orange,  chrome  yellow,  or  dull 
orange  individuals  occur,  flying  with  the  much  more  numerous 
bright  orange  and  clear  yellow  ones. 

(To  he  continued.) 


OBITUARY 

Science  for  June  13,  1941,  announced  the  death  of  Dr.  LEE 
ABRAM  STRONG,  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  and 
Plant  Quarantine,  on  June  2.  He  was  born  at  Russell,  Iowa, 
June  17,  1886,  was  engaged  in  horticultural  inspection  and 
plant  quarantine  in  California  1910-18,  1919-29,  and  in  the 
Federal  service  from  1929  on,  becoming  chief  of  the  Bureau 
above  mentioned  in  July,  1934. 


188  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Julv,    '41 

The  Leng  Types  of  Cicindelidae 
(Coleoptera). 

By  RICHARD  G.  DAHL,  Oakland,  California. 
(Continued   from   page   172.) 

10.  C.  BELLISSIMA  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,   1902,  Cic.  of  Bor. 
Amer.;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p.  142. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Yaquina  Bay,  Oregon.  Collector: 
Wickham. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  series  of  ten 
specimens  all  from  Oregon  (C.  W.  Leng  collection).  In  the 
designated  lectotype  the  color  is  coppery  green  above  and  dark 
green  below ;  the  impressions  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  are 
metallic  green ;  the  markings  are  uniformly  widened.  In  the 
cotype  series  there  is  little  variation,  except  in  color,  which 
varies  from  cupreous  to  greenish-bronze. 

11.  C.   LONGILABRIS  var.    NOVATERRAE   Leng.      Leng,   C.   W., 
1918,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  Vol.  XXVI,  Nos.  3-4,  p.  140. 

Type  Locality:  Bay  St.  George,  Newfoundland.  Date: 
July.  Collector:  W.  S.  Genung. 

Discussion:  Type  designated  by  C.  W.  Leng  in  1918  from 
four  specimens,  represented  by  a  type  (female)  and  three  para- 
types.  In  the  type  the  markings  are  narrow,  and  the  subapical 
spot  does  not  extend  to  the  margin.  The  color  is  brilliant  green 
with  bronze  reflections.  This  form  is  a  synonym  of  Cicindcla 
longilabris  subsp.  laurenti  Schp. 

12.  C.  LONGILABRIS  var.  VESTALIA  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1902, 
Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer. ;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p. 
121. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Maiden,  Montana.  Date:  June  17, 
1890.  Collector:  From  the  collection  of  Fred  C.  Bowditch. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  female  designated  from  a  cotype 
series  of  three.  Additional  cotype  specimens  are  from  Fort 
McLeod,  British  America,  1882,  and  Telegraph  Creek,  British 
America,  all  from  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection.  In  the  designated 
lectotype,  the  color  is  bright  coppery  bronze  above  and  dark 
metallic  green  below.  In  the  cotype  series  there  is  little  varia- 
tion except  in  color,  which  varies  from  coppery-bronze  to  dark 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  189 

green.    This  form  is  a  synonym  of  Cicindela  longilabris  Say. 

13.  C.   LONGILARRIS  var.  OSLAKT  Leiig.     Leng,  C.    \Y..    1902, 
Cic.   of   Bor.   Amer. ;   Trans.   Amer.    Ent.    Soc.   XXVIII, 
p.  121. 

Lcctotypc  Locality:  Southwest  slope  of  Mount  Wilson, 
12,000  feet,  San  Miguel  Range,  Colorado.  Date:  July  18  to  27. 
Collector:  Ernest  J.  Oslar. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  female  designated  from  a  cotype 
series  of  nine.  Additional  cotype  specimens  are  from  Colorado 
and  Savoy,  South  Dakota,  5,000  feet,  June  11,  all  from  the 
C.  W.  Leng  collection.  In  the  designated  lectotype  the  color 
is  brilliant  green  throughout,  with  no  humeral  marking,  but 
with  a  post-humeral  spot,  otherwise  narrow  markings.  In  the 
cotype  series  before  me,  six  have  humeral  spots,  one  is  without 
post-humeral  spots ;  otherwise  the  markings  vary  only  in  their 
widths,  and  in  that  very  little.  The  color  in  the  cotype  series 
varies  from  coppery-bronze  to  bright  green.  This  form  is  a 
synonym  of  Cicindela  longilabris  laurcnti  Schp. 

14.  C.   OREGOXA  var.   MARICOPA  Leng.     Leng,   C.  W.,   1902, 
Cic.   of   Bor.   Amer. ;  Trans.   Amer.   Ent.   Soc.   XXVIII, 
p.   150. 

Lectotype  Locality:     Phoenix,  Arizona. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  cotype  series 
of  six.  Additional  cotype  specimens  are  labeled  "Prescott, 
Arizona,  May  13",  and  "Arizona",  all  from  the  C.  W.  Leng 
collection.  In  the  designated  lectotype  the  head  and  the  pro- 
notum  are  a  shining  metallic  green ;  the  elytra  are  a  dull  dark 
violet,  and  the  underparts  are  a  shining  dark  violet.  In  the 
cotype  series  there  is  little  variation,  except  in  size,  which 
varies  the  same  as  in  orcyona  Lee.  The  markings  are  generally 
heavier  than  orcyona  Lee. 

There  is  sufficient  evidence  to  prove  that  this  form  should 
be  known  as  Ciein/lela  orcyona.  subspecies  maricopa.  It  is  re- 
stricted to  the  southern  arid  regions  of  the  Great  Basin.  In 
the  M.  A.  Cazier  collection  there  is  a  specimen  from  Zion 
Canon,  Utah,  of  which  the  elytra  are  a  dull  dark  green  and 
the  proiiolum  a  dull  iMvt-n.  A  specimen  from  I'.arstow,  Cali- 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  FJulv,    '41 

fornia,  July,  1914,  (R.  T.  Garnett  collection)  is  typical  of 
maricopa.  In  a  series  of  maricopa  from  Prescott,  Arizona, 
June,  1909  (H.  Kushner),  three  stand  out  as  different,  varying 
in  being  entirely  black  above,  and  the  thorax  beneath  dark 
violet  and  the  abdomen  dark  green.  Another  specimen  from 
White  Mountains,  Arizona,  June,  (D.  K.  Duncan  collector) 
has  heavy  markings,  a  dark  green  elytra  and  a  cupreous  pro- 
notum.  It  is  intermediate  between  maricopa  and  guttifera  Lee. 

15.  C.  SEXGUTTATA  var.  HARRISI  Leiig.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1902, 
Cic.   of    Bor.   Amer. ;   Trans.    Amer.    Ent.    Soc.    XXVIII, 
p.  128. 

Lectotype  Locality:     Lake  Memphremagog,  Canada. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  male  designated  from  a  series  of 
four  cotypes.  Other  cotype  specimens  are  from  De  Bruce, 
New  York;  Stamford,  New  York,  August  and  North  Caro- 
lina, all  from  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection.  This  variety  can  be 
distinguished  from  typical  se.vguttata  Fab.,  by  the  absence  of 
the  strong  bluish  or  greenish  reflections.  It  is  a  mountain 
form,  being  taken  at  high  elevations  throughout  north-eastern 
United  States. 

16.  C.  ROBUSTA  Leng.    Leng,  C.  W.,  1902,  Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer. ; 
Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p.   124. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Alpine,  Texas.  Date:  July  20-22. 
Elevation:  4,400-6,000  feet.  Collector:  Wickham. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  female  designated  from  two  cotype 
specimens,  both  from  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection.  The  other 
cotype  is  from  Marfa,  Texas,  June  15.  In  the  designated 
lectotype  the  anterior  parts  of  the  elytra  are  more  coarsely 
punctate  than  in  that  of  mgrocoerulca  Lee.,  and  is  a  dark  green 
in  color.  Neither  of  the  cotypes  have  markings,  as  illustrated 
by  W.  Horn1. 

17.  C.   BOWDITCHI  Leng.     Leng,   C.   W..    1902.  Cic.  of   Bor. 
Amer.  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII,  p.   124. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Vicinity  of  Durango.  La  Plata  County, 
Colorado.  Date:  July  23-August  8,  1885.  Collector:  Fred 

1  Horn,  Walther,  2,000  Zeichnungen  von  Cicindelinae,  Band  5,  Marz  28, 
1938.  p.  76. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  191 

C.  Bowditch.  Lectotype  Now  Located:  Museum  of  Com- 
parative Zoology,  Harvard  College,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 

Discussion:  Two  specimens  were  mentioned  by  Leng2, 
both  as  occurring  in  the  vicinity  of  Durango,  Colorado. 

Mr.  M.  A.  Cazier,  who  has  seen  this  specimen  at  Cambridge, 
has  assured  me  that  it  agrees  in  every  way  with  the  description. 
This  designated  lectotype  is  entered  as  a  cotype  in  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology  type  catalog  under  number  16,272. 
This  form  is  at  present  considered  to  be  the  maculated  variety 
of  nigrocoerulea  Lee. 

18.  C.  CARTHAGENA  HENTZiANA  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,   1918, 
Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXVI,  Nos.  3-4,  p.  139. 

Discussion:  This  name  was  proposed  by  C.  W.  Leng  in 
place  of  Cicindcla  carthaycna  hcntzi  Geo.  H.  Horn  which  was 
previously  occupied  by  Cicindcla  cartfiagcna  licntzi  Dej.  The 
type  of  this  is  in  the  George  H.  Horn  collection  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

19.  C.  PUSJLLA  var.  TUOLUMNAE  Leng.     Leng,  C.  W.,  1902, 
Cic.  of  Bor.  Amer. ;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXVIII,  p. 

157. 

Lectotype  Locality:  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley,  Tuolumne 
County,  California.  Collector:  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Van  Dyke. 

Discussion:  Lectotype  female  designated  from  the  unique 
specimen  in  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection.  This  is  at  present 
considered  to  be  an  aberrant  form  of  Cicindcla  pusilla  lunal- 
onga  Schp. 

20.  C.   KNAUSII   Leng.      Leng,   C.   W.,   Cic.   of   Bor.   Amer. ; 
Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXVIII,  p.   166. 

Discussion:  There  are  no  specimens  of  this  in  the  C.  W. 
Leng  collection  that  agree  with  his  descriptions  well  enough 
to  be  designated  as  a  lectotype.  This  is  at  present  recognized 
as  a  variety  of  ncvadica  Lee. 

I  have  been  unable  to  locate  either  types  or  cotype  material 
of  Onius  intcnncdius  Leng,  Cicindcla  tranqucbarica  minor 
Leng,  and  Cicindcla  knausii  Leng.  There  is  no  material  in 
the  C.  W.  Leng  collection  that  agrees  with  his  descriptions  of 
these.  It  is  unfortunate  that  this  type  material  became  sepa- 
rated from  the  C.  W.  Leng  collection  of  Cicindelidae. 

~  Leng,  C.  W.,  1(J02,  Cic.  of  Bor.  AIIK.T  ;  Trans.  Aincr.  Knt.  Soc. 
XXVIII,  p.  l.M. 


192  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [JU\Y>    '41 


Undescribed  Species  of  Crane-flies  from  the  East- 
ern United  States  and  Canada  (Dipt.:  Tipulidae). 

Part  VII. 

By  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Massachusetts  State  College, 
Amherst,  Massachusetts. 

The  Tipulidae  discussed  herewith  have  been  received  from 
various  sources  that  are  indicated  in  connection  with  each 
species.  The  preceding  part  under  this  general  title  was  pub- 
lished in  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  vol.  51  :  83-85,  99-103;  1940. 

Dolichopeza  (Oropeza)  pratti  n.  sp. 

Belongs  to  the  obscnni  group;  general  coloration  of  meso- 
notum  opaque  brown,  without  clearly  defined  stripes  ;  legs 
dark;  wings  with  a  brownish  tinge,  the  oval  stigma  a  little 
darker  brown  ;  vein  Sc\  preserved  ;  abdominal  segments  bi- 
colored;  male  hypopygium  with  median  area  of  tergite  narrowly 
produced  into  a  tridentate  lobe  ;  lateral  tergal  arms  appearing 
as  narrow  spatulate  blades  ;  outer  dististyle  a  little  dilated  on 
basal  portion,  the  apex  a  short  spinous  point  ;  inner  dististyle 
deep,  its  rostral  prolongation  long;  aedeagus  simple,  unarmed. 

(5.  Length  about  8-9  mm.;  wing  10-10.5  mm.;  antenna 
about  2.8  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  brownish  black;  palpi  dark 
brown.  Antennae  with  scape  brownish  yellow  ;  pedicel  light 
yellow;  flagellum  black;  verticils  of  flagellar  segments  coarse. 
Head  dark  gray. 

Mesonotum  brown,  the  surface  of  praescutum  opaque,  the 
posterior  sclerites  more  nitidous  ;  in  some  cases,  praescutum 
with  faint  indications  of  lighter  stripes.  Pleura  paler  brown. 
Halteres  dusky. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  pale  brown  ;  trochanters  obscure  yellow  ; 
remainder  of  legs  brown,  including  the  tarsi. 

Wings  with  a  brownish  tinge,  the  oval  stigma  a  little  darker 
brown;  prearcular  field  a  very  little  brightened;  veins  brown. 
Venation:  Sc\  preserved,  Sc^  ending  opposite  or  just  beyond 
the  origin  of  Rs;  petiole  of  cell  71/i  exceeding  in. 

Abdominal  tergites  obscure  brownish  yellow  to  testaceous 
yellow,  the  lateral  margins  and  incisures  darkened,  on  the 
outer  segments  and  hypopygium  the  dark  color  including  all 
of  the  segments  ;  basal  sternites  yellow,  the  incisures  narrowly 
darkened,  the  outer  segments  more  generally  suffused.  Male 
hypopygium  with  the  median  area  of  lergite  produced  into  a 


Hi,    '41  |  EXTO.MOI.or.irAL    NEWS  1'^ 

narrow  lobe,  the  apex  of  which  is  further  toothed,  usually  tri- 
dentate,  with  the  central  point  longest ;  lateral  tergal  arms  with 
outer  blades  expanded  into  weak  spatulae,  in  some  cases  these 
only  a  little  wider  than  the  arms.  Outer  dististyle  a  little  di- 
lated on  basal  portion,  the  apex  a  short  spinous  point.  Inner 
dististyle  with  the  blade  deep,  the  rostrum  long-produced,  its 
apex  weakly  bidentatc.  Aedeagus  simple,  unarmed. 

Habitat. — MINNESOTA.  Plolotypc:  $,  St.  Paul,  September 
14,  1940  (H.  D.  Pratt).  Paratopotypes,  5  $  $  .  Types  in 
author's  collection. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  naming  this  interesting  crane-fly  in 
honor  of  the  collector,  my  former  student,  Dr.  Harry  Davis 
Pratt.  From  the  other  described  species  of  the  obscum  group, 
the  present  fly  is  closest  to  obscnra  (Johnson),  tridcnticulata 
Alexander,  and  polita  (Johnson),  especially  the  last.  The 
shape  of  the  median  tergal  lobe  is  much  the  same  in  the  two 
flies  but  the  other  details  of  structure  of  the  hypopygium  of 
polita  are  quite  distinct,  especially  the  more  expanded  lateral 
tergal  arms,  the  bulbous  basal  enlargement  of  the  long  blackened 
outer  dististyle,  the  tuft  of  longer  setae  on  outer  face  of  the 
inner  dististyle,  and  the  differently  constructed  gonapophyses 
with  more  abundant  armature.  All  of  these  species  differ 
further  in  the  length  and  structure  of  the  antennae. 
Limonia  (Dicranomyia)  broweriana  n.  sp. 

Allied  to  magnicauda;  general  coloration  of  thorax  brown- 
ish yellow,  the  praescutum  with  a  very  conspicuous  blackened 
median  stripe ;  antennae  black  throughout ;  wings  with  a  faint 
yellow  tinge,  the  stigma  only  slightly  indicated ;  male  hypopy- 
gium very  large  and  complicated  in  structure ;  ninth  tergite 
subcordate  in  outline,  the  caudal  margin  truncate ;  both  the 
basistyle  and  ventral  dististyle  greatly  complicated  by  lobes 
and  outgrowths. 

$  .  Length  about  8  mm. ;  wing  7.4  mm.  9  .  Length  about 
8  mm. ;  wing  7.5  mm. 

Rostrum  brownish  black;  palpi  black.  Antennae  black 
throughout ;  ilagellar  segments  oval,  the  outer  segments  a  little 
more  elongate;  terminal  segment  (male)  a  trifle  longer  than 
the  penultimate;  verticils  short.  Head  dark  brown. 

Pronotum  brownish  black  medially,  paler  on  sides.  Meso- 
notal  praescutum  brownish  yellow  pollinose,  with  a  very  con- 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jub',    '41 

spicuous  blackened  median  stripe  and  inconspicuous  brownish 
lateral  areas,  all  of  these  in  some  cases  more  or  less  confluent 
on  the  posterior  portion  of  sclerite ;  posterior  sclerites  of  notum 
chiefly  pale,  the  scutellum  and  median  area  of  scutum  faintly 
pruinose ;  scutal  lobes  weakly  darkened.  Pleura  brownish 
yellow  pollinose,  the  ventral  sternopleurite  a  trifle  darkened. 
Halteres  relatively  short,  stem  yellow,  knob  dark  brown. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  yellow ;  remainder  of 
legs  dark  brown,  the  femoral  bases  yellow. 

Wings  with  a  faint  yellow  tinge,  the  stigma  only  slightly 
differentiated ;  prearcular  field  clearer  yellow ;  veins  brown, 
flavous  in  the  basal  area.  Venation :  Sc  variable  in  length, 
Sci  ending  shortly  before  to  just  beyond  the  origin  of  Rs, 
Sco  slightly  removed  from  its  tip,  Sci  alone  subequal  to  m-cu  ; 
vein  2nd  A  gently  sinuous. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  the  extreme  caudal  margins 
pale ;  sternites  obscure  brownish  yellow  to  pale   brown,   with 
the  pale  caudal  borders  somewhat  wider  and  more  conspicuous. 
Male  hypopygium  very  large  and  conspicuous,  the  most  so  of 
any  of  the  described  Nearctic  species  of  the  subgenus.     Ninth 
tergite  very  large,  subcordate  in  outline,  narrowed  behind,  the 
length  and  greatest  width  subequal ;  caudal  margin  of  tergite 
truncate,  with  numerous  setae.     Basistyle  of  moderate  size,  the 
ventromesal   lobe   large   and  very  complicated   by   lobules   and 
outgrowths,   including  one  arm   that  is  conspicuously  but  un- 
equally bifid,  the  lower  branch  being  only  about  one-half  as 
long  as  the  more  clavate  upper  branch ;  besides  this  arm,  the 
lobe   is  produced   into   an   even   larger   and   longer   blade   that 
gradually  narrows  to  the  pale  obtuse  apex.     Dorsal  dististyle 
a  small,  sickle-shaped  rod.     Ventral  dististyle  with  the  main 
body  small  and  pale,  the  base  and  rostral  prolongation  more 
sclerotized  and  very  complex ;   from  base   of   style  extends  a 
long,  gently  curved  blackened  arm,  the  tip  expanded  and  further 
produced  at  apex  into  a  small  digitiform  lobule;  rostral  pro- 
longation very  complex,  beyond  the  two  subequal  spines  widened 
and  bilobed,  the  upper  lobe  longer  and  terminating  in  a  re- 
curved  spinous   point ;   lower   lobe   broader   and   more   obtuse. 
Gonapophyses  with  mesal-apical  lobe  small  but  slender,  gently 
curved. 

Habitat. — MAINE.  Holotypc :  $  ,  Richardson  Lake,  near 
Oquassoc,  Oxford  County,  August  24,  1940  (A.  E.  Brower). 
Allotopotypc :  9  . 

This   striking   crane-fly   is   named   in   honor   of    Dr.    A.    E. 


Hi,    '41  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  lf->5 

Brower,  to  whom  I  am  very  greatly  indebted  for  many  inter- 
esting Tipulidae  from  Maine  and  from  interior  Gaspe.  The 
nearest  ally  is  Limonia  (Dicranomyia)  magnicauda  (Lund- 
strom)  of  northern  Europe.  While  both  species  agree  in  the 
great  size  of  the  male  hypopygium  and  in  the  general  structures 
of  the  same,  yet  all  details  of  the  tergite  and  the  various  lobes 
of  the  basistyle  and  ventral  clististyle  are  distinct  in  the  two 
flies. 
Dicranoptycha  tennessa  n.  sp. 

General  coloration  brownish  gray,  the  praescutum  with  a 
slightly  darker  median  stripe ;  antennae  with  scape  brownish 
black ;  pleura  light  gray,  the  anepisternum  and  ventral  sterno- 
pleurite  darkened ;  legs  obscure  yellow,  the  femora  with  the 
tips  rather  narrowly  infuscated ;  wings  with  costal  fringe 
(male)  unusually  long  and  conspicuous;  abdominal  tergites 
brown,  sternites  yellow,  a  black  subterminal  ring ;  hypopygium 
yellow ;  male  hypopygium  with  the  outer  dististyle  unusually 
broad  and  flattened,  terminating  in  a  short  blackened  point ; 
surface  of  style  before  apex  weakly  roughened ;  aedeagus  un- 
usually broad  and  flattened. 

$  .    Length  about  9  mm. ;  wing  8.5  mm.      9  .     Length  about 
10  mm. ;  wing  9.5  mm. 

Rostrum  black,  sparsely  pruinose ;  palpi  black.  Antennae 
with  scape  brownish  black,  pedicel  brownish  yellow,  flagellum 
brownish  black.  Head  gray,  provided  with  long  conspicuous 
black  setae. 

Pronotum  brownish  gray.  Mesonotal  praescutum  brownish 
gray,  with  a  more  or  less  distinct,  darker  brown,  median  stripe, 
the  lateral  stripes  less  evident ;  posterior  sclerites  of  notum 
grayish  pruinose.  Pleura  light  gray,  more  darkened  on  the 
anepisternum  and  ventral  sternopleurite.  Halteres  relatively 
elongate,  yellow. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  testaceous  yellow ;  trochanters  yellow ; 
femora  obscure  yellow,  the  tips  rather  narrowly  but  evidently 
infuscated,  the  amount  subequal  on  all  legs;  tibiae  and  basitarsi 
obscure  yellow ;  outer  tarsal  segments  blackened. 

Wings  with  a  yellowish  tinge;  veins  brown.  Costal  fringe 
of  male  unusually  long  and  conspicuous.  Venation:  Rs  rela- 
tively short,  only  about  one-fifth  longer  than  the  basal  section 
of  Ri+5  and  much  shorter  than  cell  1st  l\f»,  the  latter  relatively 
small;  m-cu  nearly  its  own  length  beyond  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  brown ;  sternites  yellow,  the  subterminal 


196  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jul>',    '41 

segments  black ;  hypopygium  yellow.  Male  hypopygium  with 
the  tergal  arms  relatively  short,  expanded  into  broad  blades, 
their  apices  obtuse.  Outer  dististyle  unusually  broad  and  flat- 
tened, terminating  in  a  short  blackened  point;  surface  of  style 
before  apex  weakly  roughened ;  base  of  style  with  abundant 
short  pale  setulae.  Inner  dististyle  relatively  short,  not  or 
scarcely  constricted  before  apex.  Aedeagus  unusually  broad 
and  flattened,  more  so  than  in  mcgapliallus  or  sobrina. 

Habitat. — TENNESSEE.  Holotype  :  $  ,  Knoxville,  June  10, 
1939  (Arthur  C.  Cole).  Allotopotype,  ?,  pinned  with  type. 

This  interesting  fly  was  included  in  extensive  series  of 
Tipulidae  from  the  Great  Smoky  Mountains,  received  from  my 
friend,  Dr.  Arthur  C.  Cole,  to  whom  I  am  greatly  indebted  for 
many  favors.  The  species  is  allied  to  Dicranoptycha  sobrina 
Osten  Sacken  and  probably  has  been  confused  with  this  in  col- 
lections. Both  species  have  the  costal  fringe  of  the  male  long 
and  very  conspicuous.  The  present  fly  has  the  darkened  apices 
of  all  femora  subequal  in  amount  and  has  a  very  different  male 
hypopygium,  with  both  the  outer  dististyle  and  aedeagus  un- 
usually broad  and  flattened. 


District  of  Columbia  Butterfly  Notes  (Lepidoptera  : 

Rhopalocera). 

By  WARREN  HERBERT  WAGNER,  JR.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

In  "The  Butterflies  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Vicinity" 
(U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bulletin  157),  Mr.  Austin  H.  Clark  listed  92 
species  and  subspecies  from  the  area  covered.  Forty-five  addi- 
tional species  were  listed  in  an  appendix  as  possibly  occurring 
as  very  local  residents  or  casuals. 

Since  the  publication  of  this  list  10  species  have  been  added 
to  the  District  fauna.  Of  these,  7  were  given  in  the  appendix, 
2  were  not  mentioned  in  the  appendix,  and  one  (Thorybes 
confusis)  had  been  earlier  recorded  from  the  District  by  Mr. 
E.  L.  Bell  but  the  record  had  been  overlooked  by  Mr.  Clark. 
These  ten  species  are:  Lycaena  thoc  (Guerin),  Strytnon  lip- 
arops  strigosa  Harris,  Eurema  jucunda  Boisduval  and  LeConte, 


lii,    '41  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\VS  I'*/ 


palauicdcs  Drury.  fcrynnis  zanicco  Lucas,  Tliorybcs 
con  fusts  Bell,  Hcspcria  we  tea  (Sctidder),  Atrytouc  biumcitla 
Grote  and  Robinson,  Poancs  aaroui  Skinner,  I.crodca  ciifalu 
(Edwards). 

Of  these  10  species  Mr.  Clark  secured  .-I  fry  tone  bimacula; 
Poancs  iiaronl  was  recorded  from  a  specimen  taken  many  years 
ago  by  Mr.  Eugene  M.  Aaron;  Thorybcs  confusis  was  earlier 
recorded  by  Mr.  Bell  and  has  been  taken  both  by  Mr.  Clark  and 
myself;  and  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  secure  the  other  seven. 

In  addition  to  these  Mr.  Clark  has  taken  Papilio  philcnor  \. 
(icuitda  in  nearby  Maryland  and  Lycacna  plilacas  hypophlaeas 
ab.  fitlliolus  in  nearby  Virginia:  Mr.  Gilbert  Vobst  has  taken 
Vanessa  viri/inicnsis  ab.  ahwaslitcc  in  the  latter  place  and  I 
have  taken  several  specimens  of  Pliycimics  tliaros  ab.  dyari  in 
Washington. 

These  additions  to  the  District  list,  with  the  exception  of 
the  last  two  have  been  briefly  noted  by  Mr.  Clark.  I  have, 
however,  some  supplementary  notes  on  these  and  other  species 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  area  which  seem  to  be  worthy  of 
publication.  For  helping  me  I  should  like  to  acknowledge  the 
\Yashington  naturalists  for  their  assistance  and  Dr.  R.  G. 
Schmieder  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  for  his  sugges- 
tions. Most  of  all  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Clark  for  his  patient 
assistance  in  every  way  and  for  contributing  introductory 
material.  The  nomenclature  used  is  that  of  McDunnough's 
1938  Check  List  of  the  Lepidoptera  of  Canada  and  the  United 
States  with  two  exceptions. 

SATYRODKS  EURYDICE  (Johannsen).  There  is  a  partial  sec- 
ond brood  in  the  Washington  area.  Mr.  Shoemaker  found  it 
here  in  September  and  I  have  seen  it  a  few  times  at  Hyatts- 
ville,  Maryland,  in  late  September  and  I  have  one  taken 
September  19,  1936,  along  Difficult  Run  near  Tyson's  Corner, 
Fairfax  County,  Virginia. 

MINOIS  ALOPE  (Fabricius).  In  Washington,  those  speci- 
mens without  the  lower  eye-spot  on  the  fore  wings  above,  which 
are  like  the  large  southern  subspecies  pcgala,  are  merely  vari- 
ants of  f.  maritima.  However,  those  specimens  that  are  found 


198  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jub'»    '"H 

along  the  Chesapeake  Bay  salt  marshes  in  Maryland  east  of 
Washington  are  larger  and  much  closer  to  typical  pcgala. 

POLYGONIA  INTERROGATIONS  (Fabricius).  The  winter  form 
(fabncii)  and  the  summer  form  (iimbrosa)  are  occasionally 
found  out  of  season.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  1935, 
Wayne  K.  Hill  and  I  found  a  number  of  the  summer  form  in 
early  May  and  I  took  a  badly  worn  one  in  Rock  Creek  Park, 
May  28.  At  the  last  place  I  took  the  winter  form  on  July  21, 
1935. 

PRECIS  COENIA  (Hubner).  The  wet  form  appeared  in 
1933-34-35,  late  in  the  season  in  great  numbers  at  MacMillan 
Park  in  Washington.  The  reddish  underside  varies  from 

bluish  to  almost  entirely  dark  brown  in  some  individuals. 
ASTEROCAMPA  CLYTON  ( Boisduval  and  LeConte).    Although 

they  are  sometimes  found  together,  when  alone  clyton  occurs 
in  dry  open  places  around  hackberries  and  ccltis  flies  usually 
in  deep  woods.  In  the  Soldiers  Home  Grounds  in  Washington 
clyton  occurs  alone.  The  first  brood  lasts  from  the  end  of  the 
second  week  in  June  until  the  first  week  in  July.  July  10, 
1934,  was  an  unusually  late  capture.  The  second  brood  starts 
the  middle  of  August  and  flies  until  late  September.  Two 
chrysalids  in  my  series  are  dated  September  20,  1934.  The 
color  ranges  from  very  light  to  very  dark.  On  August  28, 
1938,  I  watched  an  old  male  court  a  fresh  female.  It  took  him 
about  thirty  minutes  to  rout  three  other  males.  The  female 
repulsed  him  by  quick  darts  for  fifteen  minutes  and  then  they 
suddenly  mated.  The  female  carries  the  male  in  flight.  The 
ceremony  took  place  around  the  bottom  branches  of  a  cherry 
tree  about  ten  feet  above  the  ground.  Clyton  is  found  also  at 
Camp  Letts,  Fair  Haven,  and  Fort  Washington  in  Maryland. 
PHYCIODES  THAROS  (Drury).  Because  of  its  great  abund- 
ance aberrations  are  frequently  found.  Specimens  with  slightly 
fused  markings  are  found  in  both  broods  and  the  markings 
come  together  in  many  different  combinations.  Melanism  is 
frequent  and  the  melanistic  aberration  dyari  Gunder  has  been 
found  several  times  in  and  near  Washington.  Males  seem 
attracted  to  the  females  of  this  coloration  as  much  as  the  fe- 
males of  normal  markings. 


Hi,    '41  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  199 

ARGYNNIS  APHRODITE  Fabricius.  Two  males;  a  fresh  one 
lacking  the  usual  reddish  tinge  taken  in  Washington,  June  8, 
1938,  and  an  old  broken  one  from  Beltsville,  Maryland,  on 
July  2,  1938;  indicate  that  at  least  some  males  appear  before 
the  middle  of  June  instead  of  the  first  of  July. 

VANESSA  VIRGINIENSIS  (Drury).  A  specimen  of  the  aber- 
ration ahwashtec  Fox  was  taken  by  Mr.  Gilbert  Yobst  along 
Scotts  Run,  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  in  May,  1936.  The 
ground  color  of  the  hind  wings  underneath  is  snow  white  and 
all  of  the  markings  are  slightly  blurred. 

LIBYTHEA  BACHMANII  Kirtland.  The  Snout  Butterfly  is 
more  common  in  the  region  along  Chesapeake  Bay  in  Maryland 
to  the  east  of  Washington,  but  it  varies  tremendously  in  num- 
bers. In  1932,  it  was  exceedingly  abundant  at  Camp  Letts, 
near  Beverley  Beach,  Maryland,  but  only  of  infrequent  occur- 
rence since.  During  1933-34-35,  chrysalid  skins  were  found  on 
hackberries  in  the  Soldiers  Home  Grounds  around  the  bottom 
branches  near  the  trunks. 

STRYMON  FALACER  (Godart).  In  certain  very  restricted 
localities  this  hairstreak  is  abundant  for  a  limited  period. 
Sunny  glades  in  dry  oak  woods  (often  with  much  pine)  form 
the  playgrounds  for  the  males.  Beside  chasing  one  another 
I  have  seen  them  pursue  Achalarus  lyciadcs,  Epargyrcus  titynis 
and  Thorybcs  species.  Males  appear  the  first  week  in  June 
and  remain  in  their  woods  until  after  the  middle  of  June 
when  they  start  wandering  out  into  the  open  fields.  It  was 
found  at  Widewater,  Beltsville  and  Muikirk,  in  Maryland,  and 
in  the  Soldiers  Home,  Catholic  University  Grounds  and  in 
woods  east  of  16th  Street,  N.  W.,  near  the  District  line.  Some 
specimens  found  showed  a  decided  breaking  up  of  the  band  on 
the  underside  approaching  .5".  cdu-ardsi. 

S.  LIPAROPS  STRIGOSA  Harris.  Only  one  has  been  found : 
this  was  a  female  taken  June  10,  1935.  on  Aster  flowers  near 
the  bog  at  Hyattsville,  Maryland. 

S.  TITUS  MOPSUS  Hiibner.  This  hairstreak  is  also  more 
common  than  previously  supposed.  The  Catholic  University 
Grounds  and  the  bog  at  Hyattsville,  Maryland,  are  the  locali- 


200  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  tJulv-    '41 

ties  where  it  is  most  common.  The  males  select  brushy  knolls 
of  dry  grassy  hills  for  their  playgrounds  and  they  are  very 
pugnacious.  Orange  and  Red  Milkweeds  are  its  favorite  flow- 
ers. My  earliest  date  is  June  13,  1936,  at  Camp  Letts,  Mary- 
land and  it  becomes  rare  after  the  middle  of  July.  It  is  never 
found  in  the  woods  but  rather  in  open  country.  Dwarfs  are 
occasional  in  both  sexes. 

INCISALIA  HENRICI  (Grote  and  Robinson).  This  is  one  of 
our  earliest  appearing  butterflies.  I  have  a  male  taken  March 
30,  1935,  at  Cabin  John,  Maryland.  It  also  occurs  at  Hyatts- 
ville,  and  near  the  Powdermill  Bogs  along  Paint  Branch,  in 
Maryland  and  in  woods  west  of  16th  Street,  N.  W.,  near  the 
District  line. 

FENISECA  TARQUINIUS  (Fabricius).  On  June  11,  1939,  this 
butterfly  was  common  on  elms  along  Morningside  Drive,  N. 
W.,  in  Washington.  The  elms  were  infested  with  aphids  and 
I  suspect  that  these  were  the  food.  Its  usual  haunt  is  along 
streams. 

LYCAENA  THOE  (Guerin).  In  1934,  I  took  an  old  female 
in  a  dry  field  in  the  Soldiers  Home  Grounds  on  June  15  and  a 
perfectly  fresh  male  in  the  Beltsville,  Maryland  Bog  on  July 
22.  This  extends  the  known  range  on  the  Eastern  Seaboard 
considerably  southward. 

PHOEBIS  SENNAE  EUBELE  (Linnaeus).  Spring  records  are 
a  female  taken  by  Mr.  Wayne  K.  Hill,  May  11,  1935,  at  Cabin 
John,  Maryland,  and  a  male  that  I  took  in  April,  1933,  at 
Terra  Cotta  in  the  District.  Both  are  somewhat  old  specimens. 
A  female  taken  in  August,  1939,  at  Camp  Letts,  Maryland, 
(where  cubclc  is  much  more  common)  is  very  pale  yellow  show- 
ing an  approach  to  f.  pall  id  a. 

EUREMA  NICIPPE  (Cramer).  A  male  taken  March  21,  1938, 
in  downtown  Washington  and  a  female  taken  April  27,  1935, 
at  Cabin  John,  Maryland,  are  the  only  spring  records  for  this 
area. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  201 

Notes  on  Some  Cuculliinae  (Phalaenidae, 
Lepidoptera)  I. 

By  J.  G.   FRANCI-KAIOXT,   Ithaca,    Xru    York. 

MNIOTYPE  nom.  nov. 

Genotype:  Hudena  ducta  Grote=Mniotype  ducta  (Grote). 

This  name  is  proposed  to  replace  iCrino  Hampson,  Cat.  Lep. 
Phal.  B.  M.,  vi,  321,  1906.  nee  \\Crino  Hiibner  Samml.  exot. 
Schmett.,  ii,  plate  (197),  1821  [nee  Crluo  Lamarck  in  Yirey, 
Journ.  de  Phys.,  iv,  429.  1798].  Hampson  erred  in  that  he 
credited  the  type  of  Crino,  summer!,  to  Lefehure.  Sommeri 
Lef.,  a  noctuid,  was  clescrihed  in  1836,  fifteen  years  after 
Hiibner  described  his  genus  Crino,  which  included  one  specks 
sommeri  ?lubner,  a  notodontid  !  ."Nevertheless  Hiil)iier's  generic 
name  Crino  is  preoccupied  by  Crino  Lamarck,  so  Tarsolepis 
Butler  will  be,  as  it  has  been,  used  for  sommeri  Hbn.  and  its 
allies. 

Mniotype  will  include  all  the  species  listed  under  Crino  in 
McDunnough's    Checklist,   page   84,    1938,    and   the    Eurasian 
species,  adust  a  Esp.,  satitra  Schiff.  and  related  forms. 
SERICAGLAEA  gen.  nov. 

Genotype :  Ortliositi  signata  French=Sericaglaea  siynuta 
(French). 

Proboscis  well  developed;  palpi  short,  porrect.  clothed  with 
scales  and  long  hair,  the  third  segment  drooping,  inconspicuous, 
hidden  in  the  hair  of  the  second;  eyes  moderate  and  rounded; 
antennal  scape  without  lashes,  antennae  of  male  simple,  minutely 
ciliate;  thorax  clothed  with  hair,  no  anterior  or  posterior  crests; 
forelegs  with  the  first  tarsal  segment  bearing  6  to  7  moderately 
long  slender  spines,  distinctly  longer  than  those  on  succeeding 
segments  of  the  same  leg.  the  femora  and  tibiae  of  all  legs 
fringed  with  long  hair;  abdomen  very  much  flattened,  fringed 
with  very  evident  lateral  and  anal  tufts,  no  dorsal  tufts, 
clothed  on  the  dorsum  with  scales  and  hair;  fore  wing  with  the 
costa  evenly  curved,  the  apex  blunt  and  rounded. 

Male  genitalia  symmetrical:  uncus  simple,  long  and  curved; 
tegumen  broad  uilh  i\\n  expanded  ba-al  lobe-.;  vinculum 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '41 

moderate,  long;  harpes  with  a  distinct  pollex  and  long  curved 
clasper ;  corona  slight ;  aedoeagus  moderate,  vesica  with  a 
long  spine,  which"  possesses  a  bulbous  base,  and  with  a  large 
group  of  micro-chaetae. 

This  genus  differs  from  Epiglaca,  Harpaglaca  and  Pscctra- 
glaca  by  the  absence  of  the  conspicuous,  sharp  frontal  tuft  and 
from  the  latter  two  genera  also  by  the  lighter  spination  of  the 
first  fore  tarsal  segment.  It  differs  from  Mcia.vaglaca,  in 
which  I  placed  the  sole  species  when  describing  that  genus, 
first,  by  the  palpi,  which  have  the  third  segment  drooping  and 
hidden  in  the  hair  of  the  second,  while  Mcta.vaglaca  has  the 
third  segment  of  the  palpi  visible  and  porrect ;  second,  by  the 
cut  of  the  fore  wings,  those  of  Mcta.raglaea  having  the  apex 
distinctly  more  acute ;  third,  in  that  the  species  of  Sericaglaca 
hibernates  as  an  adult,  while  the  two  species  of  Meta.vaglaca 
oviposit  in  the  fall,  shortly  after  emerging.  Since  the  author 
feels  that  a  genus  should,  besides  being  structurally  a  unit,  be 
fundamentally  also  a  biological  unit,  he  believes  that  this  last 
difference  is  as  valid  as  a  difference  of  structure.  The  geni- 
talia  approach  those  of  Pscctraglaca,  differing  mainly  in  that 
the  aforementioned  genus  entirely  lacks  a  corona ;  from  Metaxa- 
glaea,  they  differ  in  the  well  developed  clasper,  the  slight  corona 
and  the  shorter  and  stockier  harpes  (valves). 

Included  species:    Sericaglaca  signata( French.) 

PYREFERRA  HESPERIDAGO  (Guenee). 

Hoporina  hcspcridago  Guenee,  Spec.  Gen.  Lep.,  vii  (Noct. 
iii).  393,  1852. 

Xanthia  indirecta  Walker,  Cat.  Lep.  Het.  B.  M.,  x,  468, 
1856  (New  synonymy!) 

Scopclosoma  gracfiana  Grote,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  Nat.  Sc.,  ii, 
69,  1874. 

Scopclosoma  moffatiana  Grote,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog. 
Surv.,  vi,  583,  1882. 

Guenee  described  Hoporina  hcspcridago  from  an  unpub- 
lished Abbot  drawing,  which  is  without  a  doubt  the  species  that 
has  been  called  Pyreferra  indirecta  Wlk.  by  McDunnough  in 
his  1938  Checklist  and  Conistra  indirecta  by  other  workers 
following  Hampson.  Guenee's  description  is  repeated  here  to 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NKWS  203 

make  it  available  to  those  persons  to  -whom  the  above  work  is 
inacessible,  and  it  amply  bears  out  my  contention  as  to  the 
identity  of  the  species  in  question. 

"38  mm.  Ailes  super,  coupees  carrement,  comme  chez  cro- 
ccago,  d'un  fauve-orange,  nuance  cle  jaune-safrane  et  de  rouge, 
avec  quatre  lignes  d'un  rouge-brique.  presque  paralleles  et 
presque  egalemant  ecartees :  1'extrabasilaire  et  la  subtermina! 
un  peu  ondees ;  le  coudee  et  1'ombre  mediane  presque  droites : 
la  premiere  ne  formant  un  coude  que  pres  de  la  cote ;  la  seconde 
lineaire  et  separant  les  deux  taches  ordinaires :  1'orbiculaire 
annulaire  et  rouge;  la  reniforme  indiquee  seulement  par  le 
point  noir  du  base.  Ailes  infer,  d'un  blanc-jaunatre,  avec 
deux  lignes  fine,  paralleles  et  non  ondees  et  un  lisere  terminal 
rougeatres." 

The  types  of  indirect  a  and  t/racfiunu  are  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  Mr.  \V.  H.  T.  Tarns  assures  me  that  they  are  one 
species ;  as  such  they  are  referrable  to  hesperidago.  The  type 
of  moffatiana  is  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  and  is 
likewise  referrable  here. 

The  last  mention  of  hcsf>crida(jo  in  American  entomological 
literature  appears  to  have  been  by  Grote  in  his  1875  Checklist 
of  the  Noctuidae  of  America,  North  of  Mexico,  page  14,  foot- 
note 16 :  following  this  the  name  has  been  ignored  by  all 
workers  in  the  Noctuidae. 
Pyreferra  citrombra  n.  sp. 

Head  russet  ochre  intermingled  with  dark  hairs ;  thorax 
ochre  brown,  collar  darker,  patagia  with  a  dark  russet  brown 
line  across  the  tip.  Abdomen  pale  creamy  yellow,  the  lateral 
and  anal  tufts  concolorous. 

Forewings  ochreous,  very  heavily  irrorate  with  varying  de- 
grees of  russet  fuscous,  with  an  evident  silken  sheen ;  the  basal 
half-line  straight,  dark  russet  fuscous  with  a  pale  shade  on  the 
outer  side ;  antemedial  line  absolutely  straight,  orange  russet 
in  color  with  a  pale  shade  on  the  inner  side ;  the  median  shade 
straight,  of  the  same  color  as  the  antemedial  line,  with  a  pale 
shade  on  the  inner  side,  not  as  noticeable  as  that  of  the  antemed- 
ial line;  the  postmedial  line  angled  sharply  outward  from  below 
costa,  then  oblique  and  straight  to  inner  margin,  of  the  same 
color  as  the  antemedial  line  and  the  median  shade,  with  a  dis- 
tinct pale  shade  on  the  inner  side;  the  four  aforementioned 
lines  almost  parallel ;  subterminal  line-  vague,  irregular,  with  a 


204  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July.    '41 

pale  shade  on  the  inner  side;  terminal  line  lunulate,  dark 
blackish  brown  ;  the  fringe  concolorous  with  the  general  tone 
of  the  wing;  orbicular  rather  inconspicuous,  small  and  round; 
reniform  constricted  at  middle  on  outer  side,  the  inner  side 
resting  on  the  median  shade ;  both  ordinary  spots  ringed  by 
orange  russet  scales;  reniform  with  a  few  dark  scales  in  base. 

Hindwings  pale  creamy  yellow,  with  a  very  evident  silken 
sheen  ;  postmedial  line  pale  reddish  russet,  parallel  to  the  outer 
margin ;  terminal  line  lunulate  of  the  same  color  as  the  post- 
medial  line ;  fringe  concolorous  with  the  general  tone  of  the 
wings.  Beiow,  the  fore  and  hind  wings  creamy  white  with  a 
silken  sheen ;  a  common  postmedial  line  of  reddish  russet, 
crossing  both  wings,  following  the  same  course  as  that  on  the 
upper  side ;  terminal  line  of  both  wings  lunulate,  dark  reddish 
russet;  hind  wings  with  faint  discal  spots.  Expanse:  28-35 
mm. 

$  genitalia  somewhat  asymetrical ;  the  uncus  short  and 
broad ;  the  tegumen  broad ;  the  vinculum  long  and  moderate ; 
valves  assymetrical,  especially  at  the  apex,  the  left  valve 
stouter  than  the  right,  corona  absent,  represented  by  a  few 
hairs,  claspers  moderately  long  and  irregularly  bent ;  aedoeagus 
moderately  long  and  stout,  the  vesica  armed  only  with  very 
minute  spinules. 

Holotype:  $,  Ithaca,  NEW  YORK,  Sept.  22,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  FranclemontJ.  Allotype:  ?,  Ithaca, 
NEW  YORK,  Oct.  2,  1940  (J.  G.  Franclemont),  [in  Coll. 
Franclemont].  Paratypcs  all  from  New  York:  23  $  $  , 
339  9,  Ithaca,  Sept.-April  (J.  G.  Franclemont),  4$  $ 
3  9  $  ,  McLean  Bogs  Reserve,  Tompkins  County,  Oct.-Apr. 
(J.  G.  Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont]  ;  16  $  $  ,  26$  9, 
Horseheads,  Oct.-Apr.  ( L.  R.  Rupert),  [29  in  coll.  Rupert,  13 
in  Coll.  Franclemont];  1  <5  ,  Sardinia,  Oct.,  (L.  R.  Rupert), 
[in  Coll.  Rupert];  9$  $,  3$  $,  Ithaca,  Oct.-Apr.  (Various 
Collectors),  [in  Cornell  Univ.  Coll.]. 

This  species  differs  from  ccromatica  and  pcttiti  by  the  dark 
ordinary  lines  contrasting  with  the  ground  color  and  by  the 
lack  of  evident  dark  points  on  the  veins  on  the  outside  of  the 
postmedial  line,  and  further  from  ccromatica  by  its  very  light 
color,  that  of  ccromatica  being  deep  vinous  red,  it  is  also  con- 
siderably yellower  than  pcttiti,  which  is  rather  bright  orange. 
From  hesperidago  Gn.  dndii-fctn  \Vlk.j,  ilu-  dust-st  species 


lii.    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  205 

superficially,  it  differs,  first,  in  its  paler  color,  hesperidago 
being  bright  fiery  orange;  second,  the  ordinary  lines  (except 
the  basal)  are  straighter  and  preceded  on  their  inner  sides  by 
pale  shades ;  third,  the  hindwings  are  also  much  paler,  lacking 
the  orange  tint  of  hesperidago. 

The  male  genitalia  differ  from  licspcridago  and  ccromatica 
in  that  they  lack  a  pollex  on  the  left  valve,  and  from  pcttiti, 
which  they  most  nearly  resemble,  in  that  they  have  a  narrower 
uncus,  broader  claspers,  broader  apices  to  the  valves  and  a 
generally  larger  size. 

This  is  the  species  that  has  erroneously  been  identified  as 
gracfiana  Grt.  and  is  figured  as  such  by  Barnes  and  McDun- 
nough,  Contrib.  Nat.  Hist.  Nat.  Lep.  N.  Am.,  iv  (2),  pi.  xv. 
fig.  16,  1918,  but  it  cannot  conceivably  be  that  species,  as  the 
type  of  gracfiana  is  in  the  British  Museum,  and  is  equal  to 
hesperidago  Gn.  (indirccta  Wlk.).  I  cannot  agree  with  the 
two  aforementioned  authors  that  this  type  is  spurious.  Since 
no  other  type  has  turned  up,  as  they  suggested  might1,  when 
they  discussed  the  matter  in  the  Contributions,  iv  (2),  pp. 
102-103,  1918,  I  feel  that  the  type  in  the  British  Museum  is 
unquestionably  the  real  one.  I  am  inclined  to  believe,  more- 
over, that  they  have  misinterpreted  the  original  description ; 
Grote  definitely  says,  "Yellowish,  powdered  with  deep  orange," 
and  the  species  under  discussion  is  never  that  color,  whether 
it  be  from  the  fall  or  the  spring;  then  too,  he  says  that  the 
hind  wings  have  a  distinct  orange  cast,  leaving  the  costal 
region  free ;  this  species  has  no  such  orange  cast,  the  costal 
region  being  of  the  same  pale  yellow  color  as  the  disk  of  the 
wing.  As  one  carefully  considers  the  original  description  of 
gracfiana  point  by  point  with  specimens  of  both  species  before 
him,  only  one  conclusion  can  be  reached,  that  gracfiana  is  a 
synonym  of  hesperidago  (indirccta}. 

1  In  a  letter  of  October  20,  1938,  Mr.  J.  F.  Gates  Clarke  of  the  United 
States  National  Museum  has  assured  me  that  no  type  or  specimen  that 
might  possibly  be  the  type  of  gracfiana  Grt.  was  obtained  with  the 
Brooklyn  Museum  collection,  which  contained  the  Graef  Collection.  It 
was  in  this  latter  collection  that  Barnes  and  McDunnough  thought  an- 
other type  might  be  found. 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [J"1.V>    '41 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   V.   S.    L.    PATE,    L.    S.    MACKEY   and   J.    W.   CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Alexander,  C.  P.— Frederick  Wallace  Ed- 
wards. [4]  73:  94-95.  Bohart  &  Stabler.— Winter  insect 
collecting  in  Mexico.  [55]  17:  96.  Davis,  W.  T. — Charles 
W.  Leng  and  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.  [19] 
36:  45-49,  ill.  Essig,  E.  O.— Charles  William  Woodworth. 
February,  1941.  2  pp.,  ill.  The  University  of  California 
Entomological  Society  and  The  Entomologist's  Daily  Post 
Card.  [55]  17:  73-74.  Felt  &  Bromley.— Major  shade  tree 
insects  of  1940.  [12]  34:  180-181.  Frost,  S.  W.— Trans- 
parencies for  certain  insect  and  plant  materials.  [12]  34: 
319,  ill.  Mengel,  Levi  W. — In  Memoriam.  Reading  Public 
Museum  and  Art  Gallery.  1941.  23  pp.,  ill.  de  la  Torre- 
Bueno,  J.  R. — Edward  Payson  van  Duzee.  An  apprecia- 
tion. [19]  36:  80-81.  Casting  up  accounts.  Directed  to 
authors.  [19]  36:  93.  Usinger,  R.  L.— Obituary.  [55]  17: 
84.  Wade  &  Hyslop. — Obituary  notice  of  Samuel  Hen- 
shaw.  [10]  43:  108-110.  Zerny,  H.— Hans  Rebel.  [64]  25: 
113-115,  ill. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Beall,    G.— The 

study  of  the  effect  of  temperature  upon  pupation.  [Cana- 
dian Jour.  Res.]  19:  177-184.  Headlee,  T.  J.— Further 
studies  of  the  relative  effects  on  insect  metabolism  of  tem- 
peratures derived  from  constant  and  variable  sources.  [12] 
34:  171-174. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  2<  >7 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Archer,  A.  F.- 

The  Argiopidae  or  orb-weaving-  spiders  of  Alabama.  [Ala. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  Mus.  Pap.  14:  77  pp..  ill.  Chamberlin, 
R.  V. — On  five  new  polydesmid  millipeds  from  Mexico. 
1 95 J  54:  63-66,  ill.  Loomis,  H.  F.— Millipeds  collected  in 
Puerto  Rico  and  the  Dominican  Republic  by  Dr.  P.  |. 
Darlington  in  1938.  [Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  88:  17-80,  ill. 
New  genera  and  species  of  millipeds  from  the  southern 
peninsula  of  Haiti.  [Jour.  Washington  Acad.  Sci.]  31  :  188- 
195.  ill.  Lundblad,  O. — Weitere  neue  wassermilben  atis 
Brasilien  und  Paraguay.  [28]  62:  122-126.  Stiles  &  Stevens. 
—Studies  of  eastern  Iowa  spiders.  [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.| 
47:  333-342.  Verhoeff,  K.  W. — Zur  vergleichenden  mor- 
phologic der  Colobognathen.  [Arch.  Naturg.  N.  F.J  9: 
501-511,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Claassen, 
P.  W. — A  catalogue  of  the  Plecoptera  of  the  World. 
[Cornell  Univ.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.]  Mem.  232:  235  pp.  Craw- 
ford, J.  C. — The  genus  Zonothrips  in  North  America.  [10] 
43:  105-107,  ill.  Eichler,  W.— \Virtsspezifitat  und  stam- 
mesgeschichtliche  gleichlaufigkeit  bei  parasiten  im  allge- 
meinen  und  bei  Mallophagen  im  besonderen  |34]  132:  254- 
262.  Hanson,  J.  F. — Studies  on  the  Plecoptera  of  North 
America.  [  19]  36:  57-66,  ill.  (*k).  Hubbard,  C.  A.- 
Ectoparasites  of  western  Lagomorpha.  [Pacific  Univ.  Bull.] 
37:  8  pp..  ill.  A  review  of  the  western  fleas  of  the  genus 
Malaraeus  with  one  new  species  and  the  description  of  a 
new  Thrassis  from  Nevada.  [Pacific  Univ.  Bull.]  37:  4  pp., 
ill.  Wilson,  F.  H. — The  slender  lice  of  American  pigeons 
and  doves  with  descriptions  of  two  new  species.  [Jour. 
Parasit.]  27:  259-264,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Giinther,  K.— Ueber  die  verbreitung 
einiger  insekten  um  gebiete  des  Amazonenstromes  und  die 
frage  eines  columbischen  faunendistriktes  in  der  brasilian- 
ischen  subregion.  [Arch.  Naturg.  N.  F.]  9:  450-500,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Barber,  H.  G.— A  new  species  of 
Tibraca,  injurious  to  rice  in  Ecuador  (Pentatomid.).  [10| 
43:  110-111,  ill.  Drews,  E.  A.— Aphididae  of  Nevada  with 
a  new  genus  and  species.  [55]  17:  59-61,  ill.  Knight,  H.  H. 
-New  species  of  Irbisia  (Mirid.).  [19]  36:  75-79.  Mc- 
Connell,  H.  S. — New  species  of  Pseudococcidae.  [10]  43: 


208  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [JU"y»    '41 

93-105,  ill.  Mazzotti,  L. — Experimental  infection  of  Haem- 
atosiphon  inodora  with  Trypanosoma  cruzi.  [19]  36:  67-68. 
Millspaugh,  D.  D. — Preliminary  survey  and  ecological  notes 
of  Iowa  Corixidae.  [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  47:  331-332, 
ill.  Oman,  P.  W. — Revision  of  the  nearctic  Megopthal 
minae  (Cicadellid.).  [91]  31:  203-210,  ill.  (k*).  Padley,  C. 
—A  list  of  the  leaf  hoppers  (Cicadellid.)  in  the  Iowa  Insect 
Survey  Collection  [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  47:  393-395. 
Pelaez,  D. — Un  caso  de  segmentacion  anormal  asimetrica 
en  el  abdomen,  de  una  larva  de  Triatoma.  [121]  I:  406-408, 
ill.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. — Help  notes  toward  a  revision 
of  the  genus  Harmostes.  [19]  36:  82-92.  (k).  Usinger,  R. 
L. — Notes  and  descriptions  of  neotropical  Triatominae 
(Reduviid.).  [55]  17:  49-57,  ill.  (k).  Wood,  S.  F.— Notes? 
on  the  distribution  and  habits  of  reduviid  vectors  of 
Chagas'  disease  in  the  southwestern  United  States.  (Redu- 
viid.). [55]  17:  85-94,  cont. 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Dampf,  A. — Nota  sobre  la  biologia 
del  Noctuido  Antaplaga.  [121]  I:  454-455,  ill.  Fletcher, 
T.  B. — A  noctuid  larva  living  in  animal  tissues.  [8]  77:  107. 
Franclemont,  J.  G. — Gluphisia  lintneri  and  related  species 
(Notodontid.).  [4]  73:  92-94,  ill.  Maria,  H.  A.— Catalogo 
explicative  de  las  ropaloceras  Colombianas  del  Museo  del 
Institute  de  la  Salle.  [Rev.  Acad.  Colombiana  Cien.,  Fis.  y 
Nat.]  4:  61-63.  Mortimer,  M.  F. — The  life  history  and 
control  of  the  pine  tip  moth,  Rhyacionia  frustrana  (Tortri- 
cidae)  at  Nashville,  Tennessee.  [Jour.  Tenn.  Acad.  Sci.]  16: 
190-206,  ill.  Newcomb,  W.  W. — Note  on  the  occurrence  of 
Oeneis  macouni.  [19]  36:  56.  Richards,  A.  G.— The  genus 
Arugisa  in  the  United  States,  with  the  description  of  a  new 
species  (Phalaenid.).  [40]  No.  1114:  4  pp.,  ill.  A  new- 
species  of  Metalectra  from  Florida  (Phalaenid.).  [40]  No. 
1115:2  pp.,  ill.  The  noctuid  moths  of  the  Galapagos  Islands 
from  the  collections  of  the  Allan  Hancock  Foundation. 
[Allan  Hancock  Pac.  Exp.]  5:  233-251,  ill.  The  genus 
Bulia  in  Mexico  and  Central  America.  (Phalaenid.).  [Allan 
Hancock  Pac.  Exp.]  5:  255-267,  ill.  The  male  genitalia  of 
Epipomonia  multipunctata  (Epipyrop.).  [Allan  Hancock 
Pac.  Exp.]  5:  271-275.  ill.  Zerny,  H.— Ueber  Caligopsis 
seleucida  (Brassol.)  [64]  25:  150-152,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — Aczel,    M. — Vorarbeiten    zu    einer    mono- 
graphic   der    Dorylaiden.     [34]     132:     149-169.     ill.     (k*). 


Hi,    '41  J  ENTOMOI.OCICA1.    NKWS  209 

Aitken,  T.  H.  G. — A  new  American  subgenus  ami  species 
of  Aedes.  (Culicid.).  |55j  17:  81-84.  Alexander,  C.  P- 
New  nearctic  crane-flics  (  Tipulidae).  |4|  73:  85-90.  Bohart, 
G.  E. — The  oviposition  of  conopid  flies  upon  smaller  an- 
drenid  bees.  |  55  |  17:  95-96.  Brookman,  B. — A  new  Cali- 
foniian  Stenopogon  (Asilid.).  |55j  17:  78-80.  Buddington, 
A.  R. — The  nutrition  of  mosquito  larvae.  1 12J  34:  275-280. 
Curran,  C.  H. — Xew  neotropical  Tachinidae.  |40|  No. 
1113:  5  pp.  (k).  Halvorson  &  Jaques. — A  preliminary 
list  of  the  crane  flies  (Tipulidae)  of  Iowa.  [Proc.  Iowa 
Acad.  Sci.]  47:  329-330.  Hase,  A.  -  -  Parasitologische 
betrachtungen  uber  pupiparen  insbesondere  uber  crataerina. 
[Zeit.  Parasitenkde]  11  :  637-651.  ill.  MacCreary,  D.— Com- 
parative density  of  mosquitoes  at  ground  level  and  at  an 
elevation  of  approximately  one  hundred  feet.  [12]  34:  174- 
179,  ill.  Ouellet,  J. — Additions  an  catalogue  des  diptrrc- 
du  Quebec.  [Le  Xat.  Canadien]  68:  121-141.  Reeves,  W. 
C. — The  genus  Orthopodomyia  in  California.  [55j  17:  69- 
72.  Vargas,  L. — Xew  variety  of  Anopheles  pseudo-puncti- 
pennis  (Culicid.).  1 19]  36:  73-74.  Wilcox,  J.— Xew  Hetero- 
pogon  with  a  key  to  the  species  (Asilid.).  [19]  36:  50-56. 

COLEOPTERA.— Balthasar,  V.  -  Xeuc  Canthidium- 
arten.  [Ent.  Xachricht.J  13:  111-140.  (s)  Barber,  H.  S.- 
Species  of  fireflies  in  Jamaica  ( Lampyridae).  [Proc.  Roch- 
ester Acad.  Sci.]  8:  48  pp.,  ill.  (k*).  Bart,  W.  F—  Distri- 
butional notes  and  new  records  of  Acmaeodera  (  Bupresticl. ). 
[55]  17:  62-69.  Fiedler,  C. — Xeue  sudamerikanische  arten 
der  gattung  Rhyssomatus  (Cryptorhynch.).  [Ent.  Nach- 
richt.]  13:  81-92.  Leech,  H.  B.— The  species  of  Matus,  a 
genus  of  carnivorous  water-beetles  (  Dytiscicl.).  [4]  73:  77- 
83,  ill.  The  male  of  Hydroporus  coelamboides,  |4]  73:  96. 
Collecting  of  the  rare  water  beetle  Laccornis  difformis  by 
the  late  Ch.  Roberts.  |4|  73:  96.  Malkin,  B.— A  new 
locality  for  Cantharis  cartwrighti.  [19]  36:  96.  McDun- 
nough,  J. — A  new  coleophorid  of  the  metalic-winged  group. 
|4|  73:  91,  ill.  Precht,  H. — Ein  beitrag  y.uv  biologic  der 
triungulinuslarven  von  Meloe.  1 34 1  132:  245-254,  ill.  Say- 
lor,  L.  W. — A  new  Mexican  scarab  beetle.  |95|  54:  67-68. 
Stone,  M.  W. — Life  history  of  the  sugar-beet  wire  worm  in 
Southern  California.  |U.  S.  Dcpt.  Agric.|  Tech.  P>ull.  744: 
87  ])]>.,  ill.  Uhmann,  E. — Amerikanische  llisiiinen  aus  dcm 
Berliner  Museum.  |28|  61:  14-18,  ill.  Die  genotypen  der 
von  mir  anrge>tellten  Hispinen-gattungen.  |28|  (>1  :  1-13- 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

144.      Wright    &    Whitehouse. — Additions    to    the    list    of 
Cincinnati  Coleoptera.   [19]  36:  69-73. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bequaert,    J.  -   -  Pseudodynerus,    a 

neotropical  complex  of  Eumenine  wasps  (Vespid.).  [40] 
No.  1106:  10  pp.,  ill.  (*k).  Bohart,  R.  M.— Yellowjackets 
versus  campers.  [55]  17:  58.  Duran-Moya,  L. — Die  Thyn- 
niden  Chiles.  [Arch.  Naturg.  N.  F.]  10:  71-176,  ill.  Gahan, 
A.  B. — A  revision  of  the  parasitic  wasps  of  the  genus 
Necremnus  (Eulophicl.).  [91]  31:  196-203.  (k*).  Gaul,  A. 
T. — An  unrecorded  sleeping  habit  of  Dolichovespula  aren- 
aria  (Vespid.).  [19]  36:  49.  Hitchings,  J.  M. — A  compar- 
ison in  size  of  pollen  baskets  of  three  races  of  honeybees. 
[Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  47:  405-408,  ill.  Martorell,  L.  F. 
—Biological  notes  on  the  sea-grape  sawfly,  Schizocera 
krugii  in  Puerto  Rico.  [Caribbean  Forester]  2:  141-143,  ill. 
Walley,  G.  S. — A  new  species  of  Mirax  parasitic  on  Cop- 
todisca  arbutiella  (Braconid.).  [4]  73:  83-84. 


INSECTS  AND  THEIR  STORIES.  By  HARRY  HOOGSTRAAL  with 
camera  studies  by  MELVIN  MARTINSON  and  drawings  by  Dr. 
CARL  O.  MOHR.  Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Company,  New  York,  1941, 
7^4  inches  high  x  9?4  inches  wide.  144  pages,  including  46 
full-page  half-tone  reproductions  of  photographs  of  entire  in- 
sects and  38  drawings  of  whole  insects  or  of  parts.  $2.00 — A 
non-technical  account  of  the  form,  habits  and  life-history  of 
46  different  insects  under  their  common  names,  grouped  in 
five  sections :  Introduction,  Insects  of  the  house,  garden,  trees 
and  woods,  in  or  near  the  water.  The  most  striking  feature 
of  the  book  is  the  photographic  reproductions,  but  while  some 
of  these,  such  as  the  stink  bug,  buckeye,  cabbage  and  tiger 
swallow  tail  butterflies,  lacewing,  dobson  fly  and  water  strider 
are,  as  the  jacket  says,  "clear,"  others,  such  as  most  (but  not 
all)  of  the  beetles,  the  honeybee,  hornet  and  thread-waisted 
wasp,  are  cloudy  or  indistinct,  owing  to  the  lack  of  contrast 
with  the  background  or  to  faulty  focussing.  Prof  C.  L.  Met- 
calf,  of  the  Department  of  Entomology,  University  of  Illinois 
(where  Mr.  Hoogstraal  is  a  graduate  student)  writes  the  fore- 
word. At  the  end  is  an  "Index  and  guide  to  recognition  of 
insects  .  .  .  arranged  according  to  orders"  and  an  alphabetical 
index. — P.  P.  CALVERT, 


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Insects  from  Northern  Korea. —  I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — -Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lyciclae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Correio  1043,  Buenos  Aires 
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I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
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Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  \Y. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedcs,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — -To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster  Saskatchewan,  Canada 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


OCTOBER,  1941     rev. 

IATI  • 
Vol.  LII  No.  8 


CONTENTS 

Richards — A    Stenogamic  Autogenous  Strain  of  Culex  pipiens  L.  in 

North  America  (Diptera:  Culicidae) 211 

Williams— A  List  of  Butterflies  Which  May  be  Found  Within  50  Miles 

of  Philadelphia.  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera) 217 

Clark— The  Genus  Colias  in  North  America  (Lepidoptera:  Pieridae).  220 
Gillespie — Some  Unusual  Dragonfly  Records  from  New  Jersey  (Odo- 

nataj 225 

Fisher — A  Zippered  Sweeping  Net 226 

Robinson — Notes  on  Some  Rare  Scarabaeidae  with  the  Description  of 

One  New  Species.  (Coleoptera) 227 

Tabanidae  of  Panama  (Diptera) 232 

Current  Entomological  Literature 233 

Review — Ferris's  Atlas  of  the  Scale  Insects  of  North  America  .  .  23« 

Review — Macy  and  Shepard's  Butterflies 239 

Review — Cotton's  Insect  Pests  of  Stored  Grain  and  Grain  Products, 

Indentification,  Habits  and  Methods  of  Control 239 

Obituary — Professor  Myron  Harmon  Swenk 240 

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EiNTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LII  OCTOBER  1941  No  8. 

A  Stenogamic  Autogenous  Strain  of  Culex  pipiens 
L.  in  North  America  (Diptera:  Culicidae). 

By  A.  GLENN  RICHARDS,  Jr.,  Zoological  Laboratory, 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  preliminary  note  is  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
Culex  pipiens  complex  in  the  eastern  United  States  shows  a 
differentiation  similar  to  that  shown  by  this  complex  in 
Europe.  There  it  is  the  only  known  genetically  diverse  species 
or  species  group  of  the  subfamily  Culicinae.  However,  the 
problem  of  anopheline  races  has  recently  received  attention  in 
this  hemisphere  (Hoffman,  1936;  King,  1939;  Hinman,  1940; 
de  Leon,  1940;  Vargas,  1941)  following  the  extensive  work 
on  the  European  Anopheles  maculipennis  complex  (see  Hack- 
ett,  1937;  Bates,  1940). 

During  the  past  two  years  I  have  used  for  histological  and 
other  purposes  a  strain  of  Culc.v  pipicns  that  apparently  es- 
tablished itself  in  the  vivarium  of  our  laboratory  years  ago. 
This  strain  breeds  there  unattended  and  maintains  itself  by 
breeding  continuously  during  all  seasons  of  the  year  (  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania).  Using  Roubaud's  terminology,  this 
strain  is  autogenous,  i.  c.,  can  breed  without  taking  a  blood 
meal,  stenogamic,  i.  e.,  mates  readily  in  a  confined  space,  and 
homodynamic,  i.  c.,  does  not  have  a  true  winter  diapause  al- 
though it  may  hibernate  under  adverse  conditions.  In  con- 
trast to  this  strain,  there  is  another  strain,  also  present  in  the 
eastern  United  States,  which  usually  requires  a  blood  meal 
(non-autogenous  or  anautogenous ) ,  and  does  not  mate  in  a 
small  space  (eurygamic).  Xo  data  are  available  on  the  ques- 
tion of  whether  or  not  this  anautogenous  eurygamic  strain  ha- 
an  obligatory  diapause  (/'.  e.  is  heterodynamic). 

211 


007 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

In  my  laboratory,  specimens  emerged  in  small  covered 
aquaria  on  six  different  occasions ;  and  left  undisturbed  they 
laid  viable  egg  rafts.  In  one  case  three  successive  generations 
were  obtained  without  any  special  feeding  for  adults  or  larvae 
and  without  renewal  of  the  water.  In  the  other  cases  only  one 
generation  was  produced,  but  it  is  to  be  noted  that  the  rearing 
was  in  clear  vivarium  water  without  the  added  nourishment 
usually  given  larvae  to  speed  their  development  and  increase 
egg-laying.  The  number  of  eggs  per  raft  was  rather  low 
(30-115,  average  about  65),  and  egg-laying  did  not  take  place 
until  5-8  days  after  emergence. 

Observations  in  our  vivarium  where  the  adults  fly  around 
the  room  indicate  that  the  same  occurs  there.  The  hundreds 
of  egg  rafts  that  have  been  seen  in  the  vivarium  tanks  during 
these  two  years  have  all  been  relatively  small,  whereas  en- 
gorged autogenous  and  engorged  anautogenous  females  both 
are  recorded  as  laying  considerably  larger  rafts  (  150-300  or 
more  eggs).  Hundreds  of  adult  females  have  been  observed 
loose  in  the  laboratory  and  in  the  vivarium ;  no  specimen  ob- 
viously engorged  with  blood  has  been  seen  and  25  randomly 
captured  females  on  being  dissected  showed  no  visible  evidence 
of  blood.  Finally,  although  various  persons  are  around  the 
vivarium  during  the  evening,  as  well  as  during  the  day,  I  have 
heard  only  one  report  of  the  mosquitoes  attempting  to  bite 
during  the  winter  and  early  spring  (during  summer  months 
there  is  an  influx  from  out-of-doors). 

The  preceding  observations  established  the  autogenous  char- 
acter of  this  line.  I  must  add  that  not  all  females  lay  eggs 
although  some  did  in  every  batch  tested.  In  the  three  aquaria 
that  were  set-up  specifically  to  observe  this  (at  different  times), 
there  were  never  as  many  egg  rafts  as  there  were  females. 
Also,  in  one  of  the  six  cases  treated  some  of  the  egg  rafts 
were  non-viable,  presumably  having  been  laid  by  virgin  females 
(it  is  well  known  that  eggs  from  virgin  female  mosquitoes 
are  not  viable).  This  agrees  with  European  data  which  shows 
40-86%  of  the  females  of  autogenous  lines  capable  of  laying 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  213 

eggs  (only  46-94%  lay  eggs  if  allowed  to  engorge  with  blood) 
(Tate  &  Vincent,  1936). 

The  data  cited  for  the  autogenous  characteristic  also  in- 
dicate ability  to  mate  in  confinement  (stenogamy).  In  addi- 
tion to  this  presumptive  evidence,  pairs  have  been  seen 
copulating  on  the  sides  of  the  aquaria  during  the  daytime  on  a 
number  of  occasions.  In  the  observed  cases  the  male  was 
resting  on  the  side  of  the  container  and  the  female  seemed  to 
be  the  aggressor  since  she  flew  around  the  male  and  eventually 
came  to  rest  on  top  of  him.  Copulation  ensued,  the  male  ap- 
pearing passive  throughout  the  entire  performance.  Mating 
has  been  observed  in  a  round  jar  with  an  air-space  of  approxi- 
mately 6^4  x  6  inches  (200  cu.  in.),  and  judging  from  viable 
egg  rafts  must  have  occurred  in  a  round  jar  of  approximately 
5x5  inches  (115  cu.  in.). 

For  the  third  character  (homodynamic  development),  there 
is  obviously  no  seasonal  interruption  in  our  moderately  heated 
vivarium.  In  our  unheated  frog  room  adults  continue  activity 
until  ice  is  present  out-of-doors  and  larvae  continue  to  develop 
in  spite  of  some  ice  in  the  aquaria  each  night.  On  warmer 
days  pupation  occurs.  The  winter  temperature  of  this  room 
is  too  low  for  adult  activity,  and  only  the  one  brood  of  larvae 
occurs  after  the  appearance  of  ice  during  the  night. 

I  accidentally  discovered  another  interesting  feature  of  this 
strain,  namely  its  lack  of  phototropism.  Adults  are  not  at- 
tracted to  lights  in  the  laboratory,  and  while  they  usually  rest 
in  the  darker  damp  places,  they  commonly  fly  around  during 
the  day.  In  January,  1941,  I  gave  some  hundreds  of  larvae 
and  pupae  to  Mr.  H.  B.  Weiss  for  use  in  his  studies  on  light 
reactions.  Mr.  Weiss  writes  that  he  tested  64  adults  in  three 
different  trials  several  days  after  emergence  and  that  they 
failed  to  react  either  positively  or  negatively  to  different  wave 
lengths  of  light  (for  his  technique  see  Weiss,  Soraci  &  McCoy, 
1941).  This  contrasts  with  definite  reactions  obtained  by  him 
for  the  yellow-fever  mosquito,  Acdcs  acgypti,  but  agrees  with 
the  indifference  to  light  reported  by  Tate  &  Vincent  (1936) 
for  European  autogenous  strains. 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

The  idea  of  two  strains  of  Culc.r  pipicns  is  also  supported 
by  field  observations  made  on  Long  Island,  New  York.  These 
observations  taken  alone  have  little  or  no  validity,  but  are  most 
amenable  to  the  idea  of  two  strains  existing  there.  On  Long 
Island,  larvae  of  C.  pipicns  are  occasionally  found  in  small 
numbers  in  water  containing  some  ice.  Occasional  reports 
come  in  of  winter  activity — in  one  case  in  February,  1941, 
Mr.  D.  E.  Longworth  sent  me  series  including  as  many  males 
as  females ;  yet  only  females  are  known  to  hibernate,  so  this 
could  hardly  represent  emergence  of  a  diapausing  group. 
Aquaria  placed  on  exhibit  there  during  the  summers  of  1936 
and  1937  sometimes  gave  adults  showing  stenogamic  auto- 
genous characteristics,  but  in  most  cases  no  egg  rafts  were  pro- 
duced (exhibits  at  different  times  and  larvae  from  various 
sources).  Light  traps  used  to  sample  mosquito  populations 
usually  produced  satisfactory  samples  (positive  phototrop- 
ism),  but  in  certain  areas  produced  no  C.  pipiens,  although 
adults  were  fairly  common  within  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  trap.  This  may  have  been  due  to  the  inconsistency  of  trap- 
light  efficiency,  but  it  is  also  possible  that  it  reflects  the  absence 
of  phototropism  found  for  my  autogenous  strain  by  Mr.  Weiss 
and  recorded  for  the  European  strain  by  Tate  &  Vincent. 

The  presence  of  autogenous  individuals  in  the  United  States 
has  already  been  recorded  by  Mitchell  (1907)  and  Huff  (1929) 
but  these  authors  did  not  recognize  the  inherited  nature  of  this 
characteristic.  In  Europe  Roubaud  (1929-1933),  Weyer 
(1935),  Tate  &  Vincent  (1936),  Marshall  &  Staley  (1935- 
1937),  Mathis  (1940)  and  others  have  shown  that  the  bio- 
logical characteristics  are  definitely  inherited.  Claims  have 
been  made  by  Roubaud  and  Weyer  that  stenogamy  versus 
eurygamy  and  autogeny  versus  anautogeny  are  simple  Mende- 
lian  characters,  but  this  is  disclaimed  by  Tate  &  Vincent,  who 
cite  extensive  experiments  showing  that  within  pure  strains  the 
characteristics  were  maintained  for  the  duration  of  the  49 
generations  bred  but  that  cross-breeding  results  were  peculiar 
and  certainly  not  genetically  clear.  Tate  &  Vincent  also  point 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  215 

out  that  stenogamy  is  the  best  of  the  biological  characteristics 
because  of  the  great  variability  (40-86%)  in  the  expression 
of  the  autogenous  characteristic. 

Marshall  &  Staley  consider  the  autogenous  and  anatitoge- 
nous  forms  in  Europe  to  represent  separate  species.  They 
retain  the  name  C.  pipiens  L.  for  the  anautogenous  form  and 
resurrect  the  name  C.  molestus  Forskal  for  the  autogenous 
form.  The  situation  in  this  country  certainly  differs  from  that 
in  England.  In  structural  characters  my  autogenous  strain 
does  not  agree  with  the  description  of  C.  molestus  as  given  by 
Marshall  &  Staley.  The  males,  while  usually  having  the  first 
four  palpal  joints  somewhat  shorter  than  the  proboscis,  com- 
monly have  longer  palpi ;  the  number  of  setae  on  the  lobes  of 
the  ninth  abdominal  tergite  is  less  (averaging  even  less  than 
in  the  British  anautogenous  form),  and  the  number  of  branches 
in  each  tuft  of  the  respiratory  siphon  averages  less.  From  the 
biological  point  of  view,  I  have  seen  no  indication  that  our 
anautogenous  strain  shuns  human  blood — in  fact  the  contrary 
is  true.  The  autogenous  strain  of  this  laboratory  seldom  seeks 
human  blood,  although  autogenous  lines  at  times  certainly  are 
pests  of  humans  in  this  country ;  in  Europe  the  autogenous 
form  is  reported  as  always  an  avid  feeder  on  humans.  It 
seems  probable,  therefore,  that  although  stenogamic  autogen- 
ous and  eurygamic  anautogenous  lines  occur  in  the  eastern 
United  States,  we  do  not  have  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  Euro- 
pean situation. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

BATES,  M.  1940.  The  nomenclature  and  taxonomic  status 
of  the  mosquitoes  of  the  Anopheles  maculipcnnis  complex. 
Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  33:  343-356. 

HACKETT,  L.  W.  1937.  Malaria  in  Europe.  Oxford  Univ. 
Press. 

HINMAN,  E.  H.  1940.  The  problem  of  races  of  Anopheles 
niiadrimaculahts  in  the  United  States.  VI  Congr.  Internac. 
Ent.  Madrid,  2:  937-942. 

HOFFMAN,  C.  C.  1936.  Algunas  palabras  acerca  de  las 
razas  americanas  del  Anopheles  maculipcnnis  Meigen.  Rev. 


216  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

Paras.  Clin.  Lab.,  2:  403-411. 

HUFF,  C.  G.  1929.  Ovulation  requirements  of  Culex 
pipicns  Linn.  Biol.  Bull.,  56:  347-350. 

ID.  1935.  Natural  immunity  and  susceptibility  of  culicine 
mosquitoes  to  avian  malaria.  Amer.  J.  Trop.  Med.,  15:  427- 
434. 

KING,  W.  V.  1939.  Varieties  of  Anopheles  crucians  Wied. 
Amer.  J.  Trop.  Med.,  19:  461-471. 

DE  LEON,  J.  R.  1940.  La  formacion  de  razas  en  los  Ano- 
pheles guatemaltecos.  Ciencia,  1 :  349-352. 

MARSHALL,  J.  F.  &  STALEY,  J.  1935.  Some  adult  and 
larval  characteristics  of  a  British  "autogenous"  strain  of  Culex 
pipiens  L.  Parasitology,  27:  501-506. 

ID.  1937.  Some  notes  regarding  the  morphology  and  bio- 
logical differentiation  of  Culex  pipiens  Linnaeus  and  Culex 
inolcstus  Forskal  (Diptera,  Culiciclae).  Proc.  R.  ent.  Soc. 
London,  ser.  A,  12:  17-26. 

MATHIS,  M.  1940.  Biologic  d'une  souche  de  Culex  pipicns 
autogenicus  Roubaud  1933,  au  cours  d'un  elevage  de  vingt 
generations  en  serie.  Bull.  Soc.  Path.  Exot.,  33:  201-207. 

MITCHELL,  E.  G.  1907.  Mosquito  Life.  Knickerbocker 
Press,  New  York. 

ROUBAUD,  E.  1929.  Cycle  autogene  d'attente  et  genera- 
tions hivernales  suractives  inapparentes  chez  le  moustique 
commun,  Culex  pipicns  L.  C.  R.  Acad.  Sci.,  188:  735-738. 

ID.  1930.  Sur  1'existence  de  races  biologique  genetique- 
ment  distinctes  chez  le  moustique  commun,  Culex  pipiens.  C. 
R.  Acad.  Sci.,  191 :  1386-1388. 

ID.  1933.  Essai  synthetique  sur  la  vie  du  moustique 
commun  (Culex  pipiens}.  L'evolution  humaine  et  les  adapta- 
tions biologiques  du  mostique.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  Zool.,  (10) 
16:  5-168. 

TATE,  P.  &  VINCENT,  M.  1936.  The  biology  of  autogen- 
ous and  anautogenous  races  of  Culex  pipicns  L.  (Diptera. 
Culicidae).  Parasitology,  28:  115-145. 

VARGAS,  L.  1941.  New  variety  of  Anopheles  pseudopunc- 
tipennis  (Diptera,  Culicidae).  Bull.  Brook.  Ent.  Soc.  36: 
73-74. 

WEISS,  H.  B.,  SORACI,  F.  A.  &  McCov,  E.  E.  1941.  Notes 
on  the  reactions  of  certain  insects  to  different  wave-lengths  of 
light.  Jour.  New  York  Ent.  Soc.,  49:  1-20. 

WEYER,  F.  1935.  Die  Rassenfrage  bei  Culex  pipiens  im 
Deutschland.  Zts.  Parasitenk.,  8:  104-115. 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


217 


A  List  of  Butterflies  Which  May  be  Found  Within 
50  Miles  of  Philadelphia.  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera). 

By  R.  C.  WILLIAMS,  Jr.,  Research  Associate,  Acad.  Nat. 
Sciences,   Philadelphia. 

The  nomenclature  follows  that  of  Macy  &  Shepard's  re- 
cently published  "Butterflies". 

The  rare  or  doubtful  species  are  indicated  by  an  asterisk. 
Authentic  data  on  the  occurrence  of  any  of  these  or  of  any 
species  omitted  from  the  list  will  be  appreciated  by  the 
American  Entomological  Society  or  the  writer. 


PAPILIO 
1     PHILENOR  L. 

2  AJAX    L. 

3  CRESPHONTES  Cr. 

4  GLAUCUS  L. 

9    f.    TURNUS   L. 

5  TROILUS   L. 

6  MARCELLUS    Cr. 

ANTHOCHARIS 

7  MIDEA  Hub. 

COLIAS 

8  EURYTHEME    Bd. 

f.    KEEWAYDIN    Edw. 
f.    ERIPHYLE    Edw. 
f.    AMPHIDUSA    Bd. 

9  PHILODICE    Godt. 

ZERENE 

10     CESONIA  Stoll. 
PHOEBIS 

1  1       SENNAE    L. 

r.   EUBELE  L. 
EUREMA 

12  LISA  Bd.  LeC. 

13  NICIPPE  Cr. 

PlERIS 

14  PROTODICE  Bd.  LeC. 

15  NAPI    L. 

f.  OLERACEA  Har. 

16  RAPAE  L. 


DANAUS 

17  PLEXIPPUS  L. 

ENODIA 

18  PORTLANDIA  F. 

MEGISTO 

19  MITCHELLII  French 

20  EURYTUS  F. 

SATYRODES 

21  EURYDICE  Johan. 

MlNIOS 

22  ALOPE   F. 

r.    MARITIMA    Ed\V 

*  r.  NEPHELE  Kir. 

DlONE 

*  23       VANILLAE    L. 

EUPTOIETA 

24  CLAUDIA  Cr. 

ARGYNNIS 

25  IDALIA  Dru. 

26  CYBELE    F. 

27  APHRODITE    F. 

*  28       ATLANTIS   Ed\V. 

BRENTHIS 

29  MYRINA  Cr. 

30  BELLONA    F. 

EUPHYDRYAS 

31  PHAETON  Dru. 


218 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Oct.,  '41 


PHYCIODES 

32  NYCTEIS  West. 

33  THAROS  Dru. 

f.    MARCIA    Edw. 
f.    MORPHEUS   Edw. 

*  34     BATESII  Reak. 

POLYGONIA 

35  INTERROGATIONS     F. 

36  COMMA  Har. 

f.   DRYAS   Edw. 

*  37     SATYRUS  Edw. 
38     FAUNUS  Edw. 

*  39     PROGNE  Cr. 

NYMPHALIS 
40    J-ALBUM  Bd.  LeC. 

*  41        MILBERTI    Godt. 

42  ANTIOPA   L. 

VANESSA 

43  ATALANTA  L. 

44  VIRGINIENSIS   Dru. 

45  CARDUI    L. 

JUNONIA 

46  COENIA  Hub. 

BASILARCHIA 

47  ARTHEMIS  Dru. 

hy.    f.    PROSERPINA 

Edw. 

48  ASTYANAX    F. 

49  ARCHIPPUS  Cr. 

ASTEROCAMPTA 

50  CELTIS  Bd.  LeC. 

51  CLYTON  Bd.  LeC. 

LlBYTHEA 

52  BACHMANII    Kirt. 

NYMPHIDIA 

*  53     BOREALIS  Gr.  Rob. 

ATLIDES 

*  54     HALESUS  Cr. 

STRYMON 

*  55     CECROPS  F. 

*  56     M-ALBUM  Bd.  LeC. 


57  MELINUS  Hub. 

*  58  FAVONIUS  Ab.  Sm. 

*  59  TITUS  F. 

60  ACADICA  Edw. 

61  EDWARDSII  Saund. 

62  FALACER    Godt. 

63  LIPAROPS  Bd.  LeC. 

MlTOURA 

64  DAMON  Cr. 

INCISALIA 

65  AUGUSTUS  Kir. 

*  66     IRUS  Godt. 

67  HENRICI  Gr.  Rob. 

68  POLIOS  Cook    Wats. 

69  NIPHON  Hub. 

FENISECA 

70  TARQUINIUS  F. 

LYCAENA 

71  THOE  Gray. 

*  72     EPIXANTHE  Bd.  LeC. 

73       HYPOPHLEAS    Bd. 
EVERES 

74     COMYNTAS  Godt. 
GLAUCOPSYCHE 

75  LYGDAMUS    Doub. 

LYCAENOPSIS 

76  PSEUDARGIOLUS   Bd. 

LeC. 
r.  LUCIA  Kir. 

f.    MARGINATA    Edw. 
f.    NEGLECTA   Edw. 

URBANUS 

77  PROTEUS  L. 

PROTEIDES 

78  CLARUS  Cr. 

ACHALARUS 

79  LYCIADES  Gey. 

AUTOCHTON 

*  80     CELLUS  Bd.  LeC. 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


219 


THORYBES 

81  BATHYLLUS  Ab.  Sm. 

82  PYLADES    Scud. 

f.   IMMACULATA 

Skin. 

PYRGUS 

83  COMMUNIS  Grote. 

*  84     CENTAUREAE  Ramb. 

PHOLISORA 
85     CATULLUS  F. 

*  86       HAYHURSTII    Ed\V. 

ERYNNIS 

87  ICELUS  Scud.  Burg. 

88  BRIZO  Bd.  LeC. 

89  MARTIALIS    Scud. 

*  90     LUCILIUS  Scud.  Burg. 

*  91     BAPTISAE  Forbes. 

92  PERSIUS  Scud. 

93  JUVENALIS    F. 

94  HORATIUS  Scud.  Burg. 

*  95     ZARUCCO  Luc. 

CARTEROCEPHALUS 

*  96     PALAEMON  Pall. 

ANCYLOXYPHA 

97  NUMITOR  F. 

HESPERIA 

98  SASSACUS  Har. 

*  99     UNCAS  Edw. 
100     LEONARDUS  Har. 

*101       METEA    Scud. 
*102       ATTALUS    Edw. 

HYLEPHILA 

103  PHYLEUS  Dru. 

ATALOPEDES 

104  CAMPESTRIS  Bd. 

POLITES 

105  THEMISTOCLES   Lat. 

106  MANATAAQUA    Scud. 


107  VERNA    Ed\V. 

108  PECKIUS  Kir. 

109  MYSTIC  Scud. 

110  BRETTUS  Bd.  LeC. 

WALLENGRENIA 
*111     OTHO  Abb.-Sm. 

r.    EGEREMET    Scud. 
POANES 

112  HOBOMOK  Har. 

$     f.    POCAHONTAS 

Scud. 

113  ZABULON  Bd.  LeC. 

114  MASSASOIT    Scud. 

f.  SUFFUSA  Laurent. 
r.  HUGHI  Clark. 
*115     AARONI  Skin. 

116  VIATOR  Edw. 

ATRYTONE 

117  RURICOLA  Bd. 

118  BIMACULA  Gr.  Rob. 
*119     AROGOS  Bd.  LeC. 

120  LOGAN  Edw. 

121  CONSPICUA  Edw. 

122  DION  Edw. 

ATRITONOPSIS 

123  HIANNA  Scud. 

LEREMA 

124  ACCIUS  Ab.  Sm. 

AMBLYSCIRTES 

125  VIALIS  Edw. 

126  HEGON,  Scud. 

LERODEA 

127  L'HERMINIER  Lat. 

CALPODES 

128  ETHLIUS  Cr. 

PANOQUINA 

129  OCOLA  Edw. 

130  PANOQUIN  Scud. 


220  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

The  Genus  Colias  in  North  America  (Lepidoptera : 

Pieridae). 

By  AUSTIN  H.  CLARK,  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

(Continued  from  page  187.) 

The  dark  border  of  the  wings  in  the  males  is  exceedingly 
variable,  ranging  from  vestigial  to  very  dark  and  broad.  7  mm. 
wide  at  the  narrowest  point  in  a  specimen  with  the  fore  wings 
30  mm.  long.  In  a  long-winged  spring  male  with  the  fore 
wings  22  mm.  long,  taken  on  April  12,  1938,  the  border  of  the 
fore  wings  below  vein  4  is  represented  by  a  fine  diffuse  dusting 
of  dark  scales  forming  a  series  of  narrow  crescents,  with  the 
convexity  inward,  one  in  each  interspace.  Anterior  to  vein  4 
the  dark  dusting  in  the  interspaces  extends  further  and  further 
inward  so  that  the  whole  apex  is  dusted  with  dark  scales;  the 
infuscated  apical  area  is  crossed  by  broadly  yellow  veins  and 
there  is  a  marginal  more  or  less  semicircular  yellow  spot  at  the 
outer  end  of  each  interspace.  On  the  hind  wings  there  is  a 
dusting  of  dark  scales  at  the  ends  of  the  interspaces  between 
veins  4  and  5,  5  and  6,  and  6  and  7,  that  between  veins  5  and 
6  the  most  extensive,  that  between  veins  6  and  7  smaller,  and 
that  between  veins  4  and  5  very  slight.  The  margin  of  the 
wing  beyond  these  small  patches  of  dark  scales  is  narrowly 
yellow. 

The  reduction  of  the  dark  border  in  the  males  to  a  rather 
faint  and  very  narrow  submarginal  dusting  of  dark  scales  is 
rare;  usually  the  border  is  continuous  and  dark,  and  the  dark 
scales  extend  outward  to  the  base  of  the  fringe.  On  the  fore 
wings  the  dark  border  varies  in  width  in  its  lower  half  from 
scarcely  more  than  one-third  of  an  interspace  to  more  than 
twice  the  width  of  an  interspace.  Most  commonly  it  is  approxi- 
mately the  width  of  an  interspace,  often  slightly  more  or  slightly 
less. 

When  the  border  of  the  fore  wings  is  narrow  its  inner  edge 
is  frequently  deeply  indented  by  long  narrow  angles  running  in- 
ward along  the  veins,  and  the  veins  may  cross  it  as  narrow 
yellow  lines.  Most  commonly,  however,  only  the  veins  at  the 
apex  are  yellow,  and  these  do  not  quite  reach  the  outer  edge. 
When  the  dark  border  is  broad  the  inner  edge  may  be  more  or 
less  deeply  scalloped,  the  black  of  the  border  extending  out- 
ward as  long  narrow  angles  along  the  veins.  In  most  cases  the 
inner  edge  of  the  dark  border  is  simply  irregular. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  221 

In  the  males  the  dark  border  of  the  hind  wings  is  developed 
proportionately  to  that  of  the  fore  wings.  It  may  reach  down- 
ward to  vein  1,  but  usually  ends  at  about  vein  2.  When  the 
border  is  narrow  it  may  not  pass  vein  3,  and  in  extreme  cases 
it  is  developed  only  between  veins  6  and  4. 

In  the  females  the  inner  edge  of  the  dark  border  of  the  fore 
wings  is  abruptly  bent  inward  in  the  interspace  between  veins 
3  and  4.  Rarely  it  is  broadly  curved  inward  in  its  anterior 
half  as  is  the  case  in  C.  werdandi.  The  inner  edge  of  the 
border  is  usually  very  irregular,  though  occasionally  smooth. 
The  spots  in  the  dark  border  vary  greatly  in  size,  being  largest 
in  the  small  light  orange  individuals.  They  are  usually  of 
different  sizes,  that  in  the  interspace  between  veins  3  and  4 
being  much  smaller  than  the  others  or  absent.  Rarely  they 
are  large  and  subequal  and  more  or  less  confluent,  forming  a 
partially  interrupted  broad  yellow  band  separated  from  the 
orange  or  yellow  of  the  inner  portion  of  the  wing  by  a  narrow 
dark  band  of  uniform  width  broadly  and  evenly  curved  in  its 
anterior  half.  Not  infrequently  the  spots  are  entirely  absent, 
the  black  border  then  closely  resembling  that  of  the  male.  In 
spring  individuals  the  dark  border  is  narrower  than  it  is  in 
summer  individuals,  and  below  vein  4  the  inner  portion  may 
be  narrow,  vestigial,  or  even  entirely  absent,  the  dark  border 
of  the  female  then  resembling  approximately  that  of  the  male 
except  for  the  inclusion  of  a  curved  row  of  four  spots  in  the 
apical  portion.  Similar  borders  are  found  in  the  south  Russian 
forms  chryseis  and  diana  of  C.  crate. 

On  the  hind  wings  in  the  females  the  dark  border  may  be 
narrow,  resembling  that  of  the  male  though  with  the  inner 
edge  vaguely  denned.  Sometimes  it  is  as  broad  and  continuous 
as  it  is  on  the  fore  wings  with  the  inner  edge  well  denned  and 
parallel  to  the  edge  of  the  wings,  and  completely  enclosing  a 
row  of  subequal  yellow  spots,  largest  anteriorly,  one  in  each 
interspace,  much  as  in  the  females  of  C.  cogcne  from  Kashmir. 
Usually  it  is  broad  anteriorly  where  it  completely  encloses  from 
one  to  three  spots,  the  inner  border  then  becoming  obsolescent 
or  represented  by  a  slight  dusting  of  dark  scales  in  the  inter- 
spaces. Occasionally  the  border  is  represented  merely  by  long 
narrow  dark  triangles  with  their  bases  outward  that  extend 
inward  along  the  veins.  Rarely  it  is  wholly  absent,  there  being 
merely  a  few  dark  scales  at  the  outer  ends  of  the  anterior  veins. 

The  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  of  the  fore  wings  is  usually 
well  developed,  black,  and  conspicuous,  sometimes  with  an 
orange,  yellow,  or  white  center.  Rarely  it  is  much  enlarged, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

taking  the  form  of  a  black  circular  ring  surrounding  a  white 
center.  It  may  be  reduced  to  a  narrow  line,  or  even  vestigial, 
represented  simply  by  a  few  dusky  scales.  Not  infrequently 
it  is  produced  into  a  more  or  less  extended  angle  on  the  side 
toward  the  apex.  It  may  be  bright  orange  instead  of  black. 
In  pale  orange  early  spring  individuals  it  is  commonly  more  or 
less  broadly  bordered  with  orange  or  mixed  with  orange  scales, 
sometimes  entirely  orange. 

The  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  of  the  hind  wings  varies  from 
pale  straw  yellow  to  orange  red.  In  light  orange  spring  individ- 
uals it  is  sometimes  very  large,  its  greatest  diameter,  parallel 
to  the  cell,  being  as  great  as  the  maximum  width  of  the  cell. 
Usually  it  is  somewhat  less  in  diameter  than  the  width  of  the 
interspace  between  veins  4  and  5.  Rarely  it  is  very  small,  only 
about  one-third  the  width  of  this  interspace.  There  is  usually 
a  small  supplementary  spot  on  its  outer  side  just  across  vein 
5,  but  this  may  be  absent,  especially  if  the  spot  be  small. 

The  wing  bases  above  are  usually  marked  with  blackish 
scales.  In  the  males  these  may  be  very  dark,  and  the  blackish 
patch  is  sometimes  extended  as  a  sooty  infuscation  along  the 
lower  border  of  the  fore  wings  half  way  to  the  outer  margin, 
and  also  on  the  hind  wings  in  the  interspace  between  veins  1 
and  2  and  the  lower  half  of  the  cell  downward  almost  to  the 
anal  angle.  In  the  females  the  infuscation  is  less  dense  than 
in  the  males,  but  more  extensive.  On  the  fore  wings  it  may 
be  confined  to  the  costal  border,  though  it  commonly  affects 
about  the  basal  third  of  the  fore  wings  and  the  area  below  the 
cell  in  the  hind  wings,  becoming  diffuse  toward  the  outer  edge. 
Occasionally  the  entire  hind  wing  is  infuscated  except  for  a 
light  marginal  band  or  row  of  more  or  less  indistinct  spots. 

In  the  females  the  veins  of  the  fore  wings  for  their  whole 
length  and  the  outer  half  of  the  veins  of  the  hind  wings  may 
be  narrowly  blackish.  Rarely  in  the  males  all  the  veins  may 
be  marked  by  narrow  back  lines.  I  have  not  seen  an  example 
of  this  last  varietv  from  Washington  but  Mr.  Wagner  has 
taken  it  in  Nebraska. 

The  hind  wings  on  the  under  side  may  be  clear  yellow, 
usually  darker  than  on  the  upper  side,  yellowish  white,  yellow- 
ish orange,  dull  white,  or  grayish  blue.  They  are  usually  more 
or  less  heavily  dusted  with  dark  scales,  when  the  dusting  is 
heavy  becoming  dusky  olive  yellow  and  in  extreme  cases  in 
winter  dull  green  with  a  broad  indefinite  lighter  border. 

The  antemarginal  spots  on  the  under  side  of  the  fore  wings 
are  usually  well  developed  with  the  three  lowest  the  largest.  In 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  223 

the  forms  with  very  narrow  dark  borders  above  they  may  be 
as  much  as  four  times  as  far  from  the  edge  of  the  wings  as 
the  inner  edge  of  the  dark  border;  in  the  forms  with  broad 
borders  they  may  be  somewhat  nearer  the  edge  of  the  wing 
than  the  inner  edge  of  the  dark  border.  Usually  they  are 
approximately  under  the  inner  edge  of  the  dark  border,  in 
most  of  the  yellow  males  slightly  further  from  the  edge  of  the 
wings.  This  line  of  spots  is  usually  straight  and  parallel  with 
the  outer  edge  of  the  wings,  but  it  may  be  somewhat  curved 
inward,  especially  in  yellow  males.  In  males  in  which  the  dark 
border  is  narrow,  the  outer  edge  of  the  fore  wing  markedly 
convex,  and  the  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  of  the  hind  wings 
small  and  that  at  the  end  of  the  cell  of  the  fore  wings  vestigial 
the  spots  are  greatly  reduced  and  not  infrequently  wholly 
absent. 

The  fringes  of  the  wings  vary  from  light  dull  olive  with  or 
without  a  pink  edging  to  entirely  bright  pink.  They  are  usually 
more  or  less  dull  rosy  or  pinkish. 

This  composite  description  covers  all  forms  between  the  most 
extreme  eurythcmc  (form  amphidnsa)  and  the  most  extreme 
philodicc,  including  the  yellow  phase  or  variety  of  curythcme 
and  criphyle.  Two  of  the  spring  males  if  their  origin  were  un- 
known would  almost  certainly  be  referred  to  pelidne. 

To  the  insects  included  in  the  description  46  different  names, 
covering  species,  subspecies,  forms,  and  aberrations,  have  been 
applied.  These  names  are  usually  divided  between  two  accepted 
species,  eurythcme  and  philodicc.  There  is,  however,  no  char- 
acter or  group  of  characters  by  which  eurythcme  and  philodice 
may  be  distinguished.  Originally  in  the  east  philodicc  ranged 
from  the  highlands  of  Georgia  and  the  lowlands  of  northern 
North  Carolina  northward,  becoming  more  and  more  distinctive 
toward  the  northeast.  Philodice  therefore  is  (or  was)  the 
northeastern  representative  of  curythemc. 

Toward  the  west  philodice  intergrades  insensibly  with 
eriphyle,  which  is  only  an  extreme  form  (with  the  subcentral 
spot  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  secondaries  reduced)  of  the 
yellow  phase  of  curythcme.  Toward  the  northwest  criphyle 
passes  into  the  more  distinctive  kootenai,  and  in  the  extreme 
south  into  guatemalana. 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

Comparison  between  cury theme  and  the  European  and  Asi- 
atic chrysotheme  fails  to  show  any  features  by  which  the  two 
may  be  differentiated ;  curythcmc  and  the  forms  associated 
with  it  should  therefore  be  regarded  as  forms  of  Colias  chry- 
sotheme (Esper).  The  significant  forms  having  a  more  or 
less  definite  significance  are : 
COLIAS  CHRYSOTHEME  (Esper) 

Colias  chrysotheme  eurythcmc  Boisduval 
Colias  chrysotheme  eriphyle  W.  H.  Edwards 
Colias  chrysotheme  kootenai  Cockle 
Colias  chrysotheme  philodicc  Godart 
Colias  cJirysothcma  guatemalana  Staudinger 
The   four  yellow   forms    (eriphyle,   kootenai,  philodicc,  and 
guatemalana)    occupy    mainly,    or    largely,    distinctive    areas. 
The    orange    eurytheme,    which   has    a   yellow    phase    running 
directly  into  eriphylc,  covers  most  of  the  range  of  eriphyle  and 
part  of  the  ranges  of  kootenai  and  philodice. 

The  relation  of  Colias  chrysotheme  to  the  other  species  of 
Colias  in  North  America  may  be  made  clear  by  a  brief  analysis 
of  the  genus  as  a  whole.  The  species  of  Colias  fall  naturally 
into  five  groups,  as  follows:  1.  The  Crocea  group;  a  mealy 
patch  at  the  base  of  the  secondaries  above ;  chiefly  orange ; 
Asia,  Europe,  Africa,  and  South  America,  with  one  species 
(meadii)  in  western  North  America.  This  passes  into :  2 
The  Hccla  group ;  no  mealy  patch ;  under  side  of  secondaries 
green ;  chiefly  orange ;  Alpine  and  Arctic  in  Asia,  elsewhere 
Arctic,  with  one  species  (hccla)  in  northern  North  America. 
3.  The  Werdandi  group ;  an  extreme  development  of  the 
preceding ;  upper  side  also  green  or  greenish  and  sexes  similar ; 
Alpine  and  Arctic  in  Asia  and  Europe,  in  North  America 
Arctic  (various  forms  of  werdandi)  and  Alpine  (bchrii  in 
California).  The  two  following  groups  are  distinct  from  the 
three  preceding.  4.  The  Hya-le  group ;  no  mealy  spot ;  beneath 
usually  yellow,  sometimes  orange,  gray,  or  bluish ;  often  in- 
fuscated ;  an  antemarginal  row  of  spots  on  the  under  side  of 
the  fore  wings ;  sexes  similar  or  different ;  chiefly  yellow,  some- 
times orange,  white  or  gray-blue;  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  225 

with  one  species  (chrysotheme}  over  almost  the  whole  of 
North  America.  5.  The  Palaeno  group;  essentially  as  in  the 
northern  yellow  forms  of  chrysotheme  but  without  the  ante- 
marginal  spots  on  the  primaries  below  and  with  the  dark 
margins  in  the  females  usually  obsolescent;  yellow,  rarely 
white,  the  males  of  some  species  with  an  orange  form ;  chiefly 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  in  boreal  and  subarctic 
North  America;  two  species  in  Alpine  and  Arctic  Asia  and 
Europe;  in  North  America  represented  by  occidentalis,  har- 
fordii,  interior,  Christina,  alexandra,  gigantca,  scudderii,  pcl- 
idne,  and  palaeno. 


Some  Unusual  Dragonfly  Records  from  New  Jersey 

(Odonata). 

By   JOHN    GILLESPIE,    Glenolden,    Pennsylvania. 

During  the  past  summer,  while  collecting  dragonflies  in 
New  Jersey,  I  obtained  five  males  and  one  female  of  Cclithc- 
mis  verna  Pritchard.  They  were  taken  on  July  12  and  July 
20,  at  Bennett,  which  is  located  in  Cape  May  County,  on  the 
peninsula  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  state.  This  species 
was  originally  described  in  1934  by  Pritchard  from  specimens 
taken  in  Oklahoma  and  Georgia.  Its  occurrence  in  a  region 
so  far  to  the  northeast  as  New  Jersey  seems  particularly  note- 
worthy. The  identification  has  been  confirmed  by  Dr.  P.  P. 
Calvert. 

The  environment  in  which  vcrna  was  found  consisted  of 
an  extensive  boggy  swamp  and  an  adjoining  sphagnum  bog. 
The  greater  number  were  observed  at  the  swamp,  which  was 
boggy  around  the  edges,  but  with  a  large  amount  of  open 
water  in  the  middle.  Several  individuals  in  addition  to  those 
captured  were  seen. 

Other  species  of  Celithcmis  occurring  here  were  clisn, 
mart  ha  and  eponina.  Some  of  the  more  noteworthy  of  the 
twenty-five  species  of  dragonflies  observed  at  Bennett,  besides 


226  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

vcrna,  were  Ana.r  longipes,  Pautala  hyincnaca,  Enallagma 
pictum,  and  Nchallcnia  gracilis. 

Other  interesting  captures   were : 

DOROCORDULIA  LEPiDA  (Hagen).  Lake  near  Kirkwood,  June 
22. 

CELITHEMIS  MONOMELAENA  Williamson.  Keswick  Grove, 
August  6;  Atco,  August  16. 

ENALLAGMA  CARUNCULATUM  Morse.  Lenape  Lake,  near 
Newton,  August  31. 

E.  WEEWA  Byers.  Cedar  stream  at  Chatsworth,  August  3 ; 
two  different  localities  on  cedar  streams  between  Whiting  and 
Bamber,  August  6. 

E.  DIVAGANS  Selys.  Cedar  stream  between  Whiting  and 
Bamber,  August  6. 

TELEALLAGMA  DAECKII  (Calvert).  Reedy  edge  of  lake 
near  Newtonville,  July  12. 

NEHALLENIA  INTEGRICOLLIS  Calvert.     Same  as  above. 

ARGIA  BIPUNCTULATA  Hagen.  Chatsworth  and  Keswick 
Grove,  August  3. 


A    "Zippered"    Sweeping    Net. 

A  very  convenient  sweeping  net  for  micro-diptera  was  made 
of  heavy  unbleached  muslin.  The  net  tapered  below  to  an 
open  bottom  of  about  five  inches  in  diameter.  To  this  bottom 
rim  one  side  of  a  coat  zipper  (the  type  in  which  the  two  sides 
of  the  zipper  may  be  completely  separated)  was  sewn.  Two 
or  more  cup-shaped  bags  were  made  whose  rims  were  the 
same  diameter  as  the  open  bottom  of  the  net.  To  the  rim  of 
each  cup-bag  the  opposite  side  of  a  coat  zipper  was  sewn. 
Thus  when  zippered  together  a  complete  net  was  formed  with 
quickly  interchangeable  bottoms.  The  cup  part  when  swept 
full  of  insects  and  debris  was  tied  with  tapes  near  its  mouth, 
un-zippered  and  inserted  into  a  large  cyanide  bottle.  Another 
cup-bag  was  zippered  onto  the  net  and  the  sweeping  continued 
while  the  first  lot  of  insects  was  being  killed. — ELIZABETH  G. 
FISHER,  The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Notes  on  some  Rare  Scarabaeidae  with  the  Descript- 
ion of  One  New  Species.  (Coleoptera). 

By   MARK   ROBINSON,   Sharon   Hill,   Pennsylvania. 

For  a  long  time  it  was  apparent  to  me  that  some  of  our 
species  of  Tro.v,  which  were  never  found  in  the  usual  places 
where  I  had  looked  for  them  but  where  I  found  many  other 
species,  must  be  specialized,  just  like  some  of  our  Aphodiini 
and  other  Scarabaeidae.  With  this  in  mind  I  set  out  this 
spring  to  prove  or  disprove  this  theory.  I  had  several  clues 
on  which  to  work  viz :  material  collected  by  Sim  and  Frost, 
plus  several  specimens  from  unidentified  sources. 

The  method  used  was  to  scour  the  woods  for  birds  building 
their  nests  in  the  early  spring  and,  after  the  birds  had  raised 
their  young,  collect  the  nests  and  examine  them  bit  by  bit. 
The  nests  ranged  from  ten  to  seventy  feet  in  the  air  and  were 
in  a  great  variety  of  trees  including  Beech,  White  Oak,  Chest- 
nut, Sycamore,  Red  Maple,  Tulip  Poplar,  Norway  Spruce  and 
White  Pine. 

In  the  case  of  such  birds  as  crows,  titmice  and  other  Passer- 
ines, the  Trox  are  feeding  on  the  feathers  used  to  line  the 
nest  or  the  hairs  which  crows  will  intertwine  through  their 
nests ;  hawks'  and  owls'  nests  will  always  have  scattered 
through  them  hair  and  feathers  from  the  mammals  and  birds 
with  which  the  Raptores  had  fed  their  young.  In  order  for 
the  Tro.v  to  be  able  to  subsist  in  these  nests,  the  nests  must  be 
very  thick,  or  be  in  the  cavity  of  a  tree,  in  order  to  preserve 
the  moisture  which  the  larvae  must  have  in  order  to  mature. 

The  nest  which  proved  to  be  the  most  productive  was  that 
of  a  barn  owl  at  Broomall,  Pennsylvania.  This  abode  was 
located  about  twenty  feet  above  the  ground  in  the  hollow  of  a 
dead  Chestnut  tree.  I  have  collected  Trox  in  these  woods  for 
the  past  eight  years  without  ever  taking  any  of  the  species  that 
were  collected  in  this  nest.  These  consisted  of  over  five  hun- 
dred specimens  of  striatus,  acqualis,  affinis  and  the  new  species 
described  in  the  following  pages. 

Thanks  are  due  to  the  following  men  for  their  assistance  in 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    XEVVS 


[Oct.,  '41 


locating  nests  or  otherwise  helping  in  the  studies  undertaken 
in   this   paper:      Nelson   D.    Hoy,   Robert    M.    Stabler,    R.    C. 
Casselberry,   M.  W.   Sanderson,   R.  J.   Sim,   C.   A.   Frost  and 
R.  Swett. 
Trox  (Omorgus)  tytus  new  species. 

It  is  remarkable  that  an  insect  as  large  as  this  could  have 
remained  out  of  the  hands  of  taxonomists  and  collectors  as 
long  as  has  been  the  case.  Until  I  examined  the  material 
taken  in  the  Broomall  Owl  nest  I  had  never  seen  this  species 
and  yet  I  have  seen  most  of  the  large  collections  of  Trox  in 
this  country. 

The  nearest  known  species  to  this  one  is  suberosus  Fab.,  but 
tytus  is  smoother  through-out,  and  the  side  margins  of  the 
pronotum  are  straight  and  not  incised  as  they  are  in  suberosus. 
In  addition  to  the  external  characters,  the  male  aedeagus  has  a 
very  different  shape.  All  the  specimens  in  the  type  series  were 
taken  in  barn  owl  (Tyto  alba  pratincola  Bonap.)  nests. 


Fig.  1.     Dorsal  view  of  aedeagus  of  Trox  tytus. 

Oblong;  completely  covered  with  a  yellowish-brown  granule- 
pollinose,  opaque  coating.  Interspersed  over  the  body  are 
yellowish-brown  scale  like  hairs,  which  are  a  little  more  con- 
centrated on  the  elytral  tubercules.  The  underparts  of  the 
head  and  anterior  tips  of  the  tibiae  are  reddish  and  shining. 

Clypeus  triangular,  rather  strongly  reflexed  laterally.  On 
either  side  of  the  median  line  and  just  to  the  rear  of  the  genae 
is  an  elongate,  deeply  excavated  pit.  Head  rounded  without 
trace  of  tubercules. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Pronotal  sides  arcuate,  converging  to  the  rounded  hind  angles 
in  the  posterior  one-sixth,  sinuation  within  the  hind  angle  well 
pronounced.  Hind  margin  rounded  medially,  sinuate  on  each 
side.  On  the  disk  of  the  pronotum  is  an  ill-defined  median 
groove  which  runs  posteriorly  into  a  deeply,  transversely  ex- 
cavated pit ;.  the  sides  of  this  pit  are  sloping.  The  usual 
tubercules  of  this  subgenus  are  but  vaguely  indicated  on  the 
pronotum. 

The  elytral  tubercules  are  low,  barely  rising  above  the  plane 
of  the  intervals.  The  tubercules  on  the  first  and  sutural  rows 
are  elongate  and  'sometimes  longitudinally  confluent,  the  tu- 
bercules on  the  lateral  rows  are  oval  to  rounded.  The  intervals 
are  biseriately  punctured.  Humeral  umbone  moderately  promi- 
nent while  the  apical  umbone  is  indefinite. 

Scape  of  antennae  reddish,  bristling  with  long  ochraceous- 
orange  hairs ;  funicle  fulvous,  glabrous ;  club  testaceous.  Api- 
cal process  of  anterior  tibiae  bifid,  side  margin  of  tibiae  with  a 
sharp  denticle  just  back  of  the  anterior  process. 

Wings:  Length,  18  mm.;  Breadth,  6.25  mm.  Length,  12 
to  13  mm.;  Breadth,  7  to  8  mm. 

Type. —  $  Broomall,  Delaware  County,  PENNSYLVANIA,  June 
14.  1941  (Mark  Robinson).  Allotypc.—  S,  With  same  data 
as  type. 

Paratypes. — 190  of  both  sexes;  162  Broomall,  Pennsylvania, 
from  May  29,  1941  to  June  20,  1941  (Mark  Robinson);  4 
Broomall,  Pennsylvania,  June  1,  1941  (R.  Stabler);  24 
Lyndell,  Pennsylvania,  June  18,  1941  (Mark  Robinson). 
Paratypes  will  be  deposited  in  the  collections  of  :  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia;  American  Museum  of  Na- 
tural History;  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology;  United  States 
National  Museum;  University  of  Kansas;  O.  L.  Cartwright; 
M.  A.  Cazier;  R.  C.  Casselberry  and  the  writer. 
TROX  SIMI  Robinson.  1940.  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  LXVI, 
p.  157. 

The  type  series  of  this  species  consisted  of  fifteen  specimens 
found  in  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.  The  food 
records  I  had  at  the  time  of  description  were :  Hen  feathers, 
mouse  hair,  dead  crow,  dead  mole,  old  carpet  and  owl  pellets. 
This  year  T  have  found  ninety-two  specimens  in  Broomall, 
Darby  and  Sharon  Hill,  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania,  from 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

April  28  to  June   19.     All  specimens  were   found   feeding  on 

Barn  Owl   (Tyto  alba  pratinicola  Bonap.)   pellets  which  were 

disgorged  on  the  ground  beneath  the  trees  in  which  the  owls 

roosted. 

TROX  AEQUALIS  Say.     1832.     Say,  New  Harmony,  p.  5. 

This  species  seems  to  he  found  in  a  great  variety  of  mammal 
and  bird  nests,  as  prior  to  1941  I  had  only  collected  one  speci- 
men ;  this  was  on  an  old  felt  hat  on  the  ground  at  Broomall, 
Pennsylvania,  June  12,  1934.  This  year  I  collected  between 
two  and  three  hundred  specimens  in  the  nests  of  crows  (Corvus 
brachyrchynchos  Brehm),  screech  owl  (Of us  asio  naevius 
Gmelin),  great  horned  owl  (Bubo  virginianus  Gmelin),  barn 
owl  (Tyto  alba  pratinicola  Bonaparte),  tufted  titmouse  (Baeol- 
opJius  bicolor  Linnaeus),  hawk  (Butco  sp.)  and  gray  squirrel 
(Sciurus  carolincnsis  Gmelin).  All  specimens  were  collected 
in  Chester  or  Delaware  Counties,  Pennsylvania,  between  May 
11  and  June  15,  1941.  In  addition  I  have  seen  specimens 
collected  in  the  nests  of  turkey  vulture  (Cathartcs  aura  scpten- 
trionalis  Wied)  and  the  starling  (Sturnus  vulgaris  Linnaeus). 
TROX  AFFINIS  Robinson.  1940.  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc. 
LXVI,  p.  158. 

At  the  time  I  wrote  the  original  description  of  this  form  I 
thought  it  was  a  subspecies  of  Trox  acqualis  Lee.  Since  then 
I  have  examined  specimens  from  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  Iowa,  Kansas  and  California.  While  I 
haven't  found  any  more  characters  to  separate  the  two  species 
I  think  the  larger  size,  different  male  genitalia  and  lack  of 
intermediate  specimens  are  sufficient  to  rank  it  as  a  separate 
species. 

In  addition  to  the  type  series  of  fifty-nine  specimens  collected 
in  various  localities  in  New  Jersey,  which  were  all  collected  in 
crows'  nests,  I  have  collected  twenty-four  specimens  in  four 
different  crows'  nests  this  spring  and  Dr.  Robert  M.  Stabler 
collected  two  specimens  in  Chester  County  on  May  18,  1941, 
in  a  crow's  nest.  In  the  great  horned  owl  nest  which  I  ex- 
amined on  June  18,  1941,  I  collected  fifty-two  specimens  of 


lii,    '41 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  231 

this  species.  I  believe  the  reason  for  the  large  number  of 
specimens  being  found  in  this  Owl's  nest  is  that  the  owl  had 
used  a  last  years  crow's  nest  as  the  basis  for  its  own  nest  and 
the  Trox,  when  they  matured  this  year,  started  to  feed  on  the 
hair  of  rabbits  and  feathers  of  pheasants  and  grouse,  which 
remains  were  found  in  the  nest. 

TROX   STKIATUS    Melsheimer.      1846.      Proc.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci. 
Phila.  II,  p.  137. 

This  species  has  always  been  rare  in  collections  and  was  one 
of  the  species  I  endeavored  to  trace  to  a  definite  host.  In  the 
barn  owl's  nest  at  Broomall,  I  took  several  hundred  specimens 
of  striatus  along  with  the  other  Trox  and  Histcr  collected 
there.  In  addition  I  collected  it  in  the  nest  of  a  barn  owl  at 
Lyndell,  Pennsylvania,  on  June  18,  1941,  a  great  horned  owl's 
nest  at  Cupola,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  same  date,  and  screech 
owl's  nest  at  Chester  Heights,  Pennsylvania,  also  yielded 
several  specimens  on  June  15?  1941. 

Conjointly  with  the  above  biological  data  is  the  record  of 
Sim's  that  he  collected  several  specimens  in  May  and  June, 
1930  at  Moorestown,  New  Jersey,  in  the  nest  of  a  barn  owl. 
All  of  these  records  add  up  to  but  one  conclusion,  that  Trox 
striatus  is  found  in  the  nests  or  nesting  cavities  of  our  species, 
of  owls. 

TROX    LATICOLLIS    Leconte.      1854.      Proc.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci. 
Phila.  VII.  p.  213. 

This  species  was  always  very  rare  in  collections  until  Mr.  C. 
A.  Frost  collected  over  twenty-five  specimens  in  May,  1939, 
in  a  fox  den  at  Natick,  Massachusetts.  Since  then  Dr.  Milton 
\Y.  Sanderson  sent  me  four  specimens  which  he  found  feeding 
on  a  dead  fox  in  a  cave  in  Washington  County,  Arkansas,  on 
November  12,  1938.  On  July  1.  1941,  I  took  one  specimen 
in  the  den  of  a  gray  fox  (Urocynn  cinereoargenteus  Schreber) 
at  the  Springton  Dam  in  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania. 
APHODTTS  MAMTOHENSIS  P.nnvn.  1928.  Can.  Knt.  LX,  p. 
302. 

Mr.  Robert  Swett  presented  to  me  a  male  specimen  of  this 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

species  which  he  collected  at  Canadensis,  Pennsylvania,  in 
March,  1939,  in  the  ground  under  a  pile  of  white-tailed  deer 
(Odocollcus  virginiainis  Boddaert)  excrement.  At  the  time 
that  the  specimen  was  collected  there  was  frost  in  the  ground 
and  patches  of  snow  here  and  there  on  the  surface. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Brown,  who  described  the  species  and  compared 
this  specimen  with  the  type  stated  that  this  was  only  the  second 
specimen  he  had  seen. 
APHODIUS    OBLONGUS    Say.      1823.      Journ.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci. 

Phila.  Ill,  p.  215. 

Four  specimens  of  this  rare  species  were  taken  by  myself  at 
Broomall,  Pennsylvania,  in  two  gray  squirrel  (Sciitnts  caro- 
lincnsis  Gmelin)  nests  on  June  14,  1941.  Both  nests  were  in 
cavities  of  dead  chestnut  trees  about  thirty  feet  above  the 
ground.  They  were  composed  of  piles  of  leaves  which  were 
chewed  into  small  pieces.  Whether  the  Aphodius  were  feeding 
on  the  decomposing  leaves  or  the  squirrel  excrement  scattered 
through  the  nest  I  was  unable  to  determine. 
PHYLLOPHAGA  POSTREMA  Horn.  1887.  Horn,  Tran.  Amer. 
Ent.  Soc.  XIV,  p.  233. 

This  rather  rare  Melolonthid  was  taken  by  myself  for  the 
first  time  in  New  Jersey  at  White's  Bogs  on  June  24,  1939. 
Six  specimens  were  found  feeding  at  night  on  tupelo  (Nyssa 
syhatica  Marsh.),  sweet  fern  (Myrica  asplcni  folia  L.)  and 
blueberry  (Vaccinium  virgatum  Ait.). 


Tabanidae  of  Panama  (Diptera). 

The  annual  report  of  the  Gorgas  Memorial  Laboratory, 
located  in  Panama  City  and  in  three  field  stations,  for  1940, 
states  that  Mr.  G.  B.  Fairchild,  Junior  Entomologist  continued 
work  on  the  Tabanidae  of  Panama.  "A  considerable  number 
of  species  were  added  to  the  collections  and  three  papers  on 
the  group  were  prepared.  Two  additional  species  were  reared 
from  larvae.  In  February,  the  services  of  a  reliable  native  were 
secured  which  enabled  collections  to  be  made  at  one  spot  every 
two  weeks.  When  a  year's  collection  has  been  gathered,  it 
will  enable  us  to  gain  a  very  fair  idea  of  the  seasonal  abundance 
of  the  various  species." 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  233 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    V.    S.    L.    PATE,    L.    S.    MACKEY    and    J.    W.    CADBURY. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  t9  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers    published    in    the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Anon. — Dr.  Lee  Strong  dies  in  Arizona. 
[4]  73:  114-115.  A.  W.  B.— Professor  Lawson  Caesar  re- 
tires. [4]  73:  97-98,  ill.  Crabb,  E.  D.— Abbreviation  of 
names  of  biological  publications.  [Univ.  Colo.  Studies]  1 
(D) :  177-191.  Davis,  J.  J.— Willis  Stanley  Blatchley.  [7] 
34:  279-283,  ill.  Fossa-Mancini,  E.— Noticias  sobre  hallaz- 
g-os  de  insectos  fosiles  en  la  America  del  stir.  [Notas  Mus. 
de  la  Plata]  6:  101-140.  Riley,  et.  al— Catalogue  of  the 
books,  manuscripts,  maps  and  drawings  in  the  British 
Museum  (Nat.  Hist.).  Vol.  8:  969-1480.  Smart,  J.— In- 
structions for  collectors.  No.  4A.  Insects.  [Brit.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.]  1940:  164  pp.,  ill.  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.- -A  useful 
catalogue.  [19]  36:  128.  Compendium  of  entomological 
methods-Pt.  2.  Orthoptera.  [19]  36:  136.  Turner,  H.  J- 
Notes  on  nomenclature.  1.  [21]  53:  63-67.  Williams,  E.  C. 
—An  ecological  study  of  the  floor  fauna  of  the  Panama  Rain 
Forest.  [Bull.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.]  6:  63-124,  ill.  Wood, 
S.  F. — A  method  of  collecting  and  transporting  cone-nosed 
bugs.  [19]  36:  137-139,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Crowell,  H.  H. 
-The  utilization  of  certain  nitrogenous  and  carbohydrate 
substances  by  the  southern  armyworm.  Prodenia  eridania. 
[7]  34:  503-512.  ill.  Day,  M.  F.— Pigment  migration  in  the 
eyes  of  the  moth.  Ephestia  kuehniella.  [Biol.  Bull.]  80: 
291.  ill.  Dethier,  V.  G.--The  function  of  the  antennal  re- 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

ceptors  in  lepidopterous  larvae.  [Biol.  Bull.]  80:  403-414, 
ill.  Evans,  J.  W. — Morphology  of  Tettigareta  tomentosa 
(Cicadidj.  [Pro.  R.  S.  Tasmania]  1940:  35-49.  ill.  Hard- 
man  &  Craig. — A  physiological  basis  for  the  differential  re- 
sistance of  the  two  races  ot  red  scale  to  HCN.  [68]  94:  187. 
Henke  &  Mertz. — Ueber  die  kerngrossenunterschiede  im 
rlugelepithel  der  mehlmotte  und  ihre  beziehungen  zur 
grossendifferenzierung  der  schuppen.  [97]  61 :  40-64,  ill. 
Hungate,  R.  E. — Experiments  on  the  nitrogen  economy  of 
termites.  [7]  34:  467-489.  Kuhn,  A. — Zur  entwicklungs- 
physiologie  der  schmetterlingsschuppen.  [97]  61  :  109-147, 
ill.  Lotmar,  R. — Das  mitteldarmepithel  der  raupe  von 
Tineola  biseiliella,  insbesondere  sein  verhalten  wahrend 
der  Hautungen.  [41]  18:  233-248,  ill.  Timofeeff-Ressovsky, 
H.  A. — Temperaturmodifikabilitat  des  zeichnungsmusters 
bei  verschiedenen  populationen  von  Epilachna  chrysome- 
lina.  [97]  61 :  68-84,  ill.  Vargas,  L. — Detalles  morfologicos 
de  los  Anopheles  americanos  del  grupo  maculipennis  y 
especies  proximas.  [121]  2:  23-25,  ill.  Detalles  morfologi- 
cos poco  o  nada  conocidos  de  Anopheles  mexicanos  [121] 
2:  66-69,  ill.  Vogt,  M. — Anatomic  der  pupalen  Drosophila- 
ringdruse  und  ihre  mutmassliche  bedeutung  als  imaginales 
metamorphosezentrum.  [97]  61:  148-158,  ill.  See  also 
under  Diptera,  various  authors. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Archer,  A.  F  — 

The  Argiopidae  or  orb-weaving  spiders  of  Alabama.  [Geol. 
Surv.  Alabama]  Mus.  Pap.  14:  77  pp.,  ill.  (*).  Chamberlin, 
R.  V. — New  genera  and  species  of  American  Lithobiid 
centipeds.  [Bull.  Univ.  Utah]  Biol.  Ser.  6:  23  pp.  New 
western  Millipeds.  [Bull.  Univ.  Utah]  Biol.  Ser.  6:  23  pp., 
ill.  Malkin,  B.— New  spider  records  for  New  York  State. 
[19]  36:  122.  Marshall,  R.— Preliminary  list  of  the  Hydra- 
carina  of  Wisconsin  VI.  [Trans.  Wise.  Acad.  Sci.  Arts  & 
Letters]  32:  135-165,  ill.  (*).  de  Mello-Leitao,  C.— Ancho- 
coema  ogloblini,  nova  especie  de  Proscopiida.  [15]  13:  99- 
102,  ill.  Notas  sobre  a  sistematica  das  Aranhas,  com  de- 
scricao  de  algumas  novas  especies  sul  Americanas.  [15]  13: 
103-127,  ill.  Aranhas  do  Parana.  [14]  11:  235-257,  ill.  (*). 

THE   SMALLER   ORDERS    OF    INSECTS.— Buxton, 

P.  A. — Studies  on  populations  of  head-lice  (Pediculus  hu- 
manus  capitis).  [116]  33:  224-242.  Crawford,  J.  C.— A  new 
Taeniothrips  from  Michigan.  [10]  43:  142-143.  Leeson, 
H.  S. — The  effect  of  temperature  upon  the  hatching  of  the 
eggs  of  Pediculus  humanus  corporis.  [116]  33:  243-249. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  235 

Ross,  H.  H. — Descriptions  and  records  of  North  American 
Trichoptera.  [1]  67:  35-126.  ill.  Silvestri,  F.— Tre  nuove 
sp.  di  Machilellus  del  Brasile.  [14]  11:  545-550  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Alexander,  G.— Keys  for  the  identifi- 
cation of  Colorado  Orthoptera.  [Univ.  Colo.  Studies]  1  (D) : 
129-164,  ill.  Chagnon,  G. — The  cockroach  Supella  supellec- 
tilium  in  Quebec  (Blattidae).  [4]  73:  104.  Deoras,  P.  J. 
—Structure  of  Hemimerus  deceptus  var.  ovatus ;  an  ex- 
ternal parasite  of  Cricetomys  gambiense.  [116]  33:  172-185, 
ill.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G. — A  new  California!!  species  of  Gammaro- 
tettix  (Gryllacrididae).  [Notulae  Nat.]  No.  85:  4  pp.,  ill. 
Shotwell,  R.  L. — Life  histories  and  habits  of  some  grass- 
hoppers of  economic  importance  on  the  Great  Plains.  [U 
S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Tech.  Bull.  No.  774:  47  pp.,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Barber,  H.  G.— Descr.  of  a  new  bat 
bug  (Cimicid.).  [91]  31:  315-317.  de  Carlo,  J.  A.- 
Descripcion  de  tres  especies  nuevas  del  genero  Crypho- 
cricus.  Una  nueva  especie  del  genero  Heleocoris  (Naucori- 
dae).  [104]  10:  426-433,  ill.  Drake  &  Harris.— Concerning 
some  Halobalinids  from  western  Hemisphere  (Gerridae). 
[Iowa  Sta.  Jour.  Sci.]  15:  237-240.  (s*).  da  Fonseca,  J.  F. 
— Contribuicao  para  o  conhecimento  dos  membracideos  neo- 
tropicos  III.  [14]  11:  133-138  (*).  Harrington,  C.  D.- 
Influence  of  aphid  resistance  in  peas  upon  aphid  develop- 
ment, reproduction  and  longevity.  [47]  62:  461-466,  ill. 
Harris  &  Drake. — Notes  on  the  family  Mesoveliidae  with 
descr.  2  n.  sps.  [Iowa  State  Jour.  Sci".]  15:  275-277  (s*). 
Harris,  H.  M. — Concerning  Neididae,  with  new  species  and 
new  records  for  North  America.  [19]  36:  105-109.  Haus- 
man,  S.  A. — Leaf-mining  insects.  [Sci.  Monthly]  53:  73-75. 
ill.  Knight,  H.  H.— N.  sps.  of  Lygus  from  West.  U.  S. 
(Miridae).  [Iowa  State  J.  Sci.]  15:  269-273.  (*).  Knowl- 
ton,  G.  F. — Studies  of  western  aphids.  [Pro.  Utah  Acad. 
Sci.  Arts  &  Letters]  18:  41-44.  deLong,  D.  M.— The  gen. 
Arundamis  in  N.  Am.  (Cicadellid.).  [119]  25:  632-643.  (*). 
Monte,  O. — Tingitideos  novos  pouco  conhecidos  da  fauna 
Americana.  Notas  sobre  Gargaphia  subpilosa.  [14]  11  :  283- 
300,  ill.:  301-308.  ill.,  (s*).  Morrison,  H.— A  new  Steato- 
coccus  from  Mexico.  [10]  43:  140-141.  de  Toledo,  A.  A.- 
Notas  sobre  a  biologia  do  Chrysomphalus  aonidum  no  F.- 
tado  de  S.  Paulo.  Brasil.  [14]  "ll  :  559-78.  ill.  de  la  Torre- 
Bueno,  ].  R. — Remarks  on  the  genus  Corizus  of  authors, 
not  of  Fallen.  [7]  34:  284-288.  (k).  Usinger,  R.  L.— The 
present  status  and  synonymy  of  some  Orsilline  species 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

(Lygaeidae).  [19]  36:  129-132. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bell,  E.  L— Un  nuevo  genero  y  al- 
gunas  nuevas  especies  de  Hesperides  del  Peru.  [Bol.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  "Javier  Prado"]  5:  208-218,  ill.,  cont.  Ficht,  G. 
A. — Notes  on  Indiana  Noctuidae.  [Proc.  Indiana  Acad  Sci.] 
49:  243-253.  Franclemont,  J.  G. — Some  new  noctuids  from 
New  York  State  with  notes  on  other  well  known  species 
(Phalaenidae).  [4]  73:  111-114.  Gaede,  M. — Lepidopteror- 
um  Catalogus.  Pars  92.  Oecophoridae  II.  209-476.  Geigy 
&  Zinkernagel. — Beobachtungen  beim  aufbau  einer  tech- 
nischen  grosszucht  der  kleidermotte  (Tineola  biselliella). 
[41]  18:  213-232,  ill.  Hoffman,  C.  C.— Catalogo  sistematico 
y  zoogeograrlco  de  los  Lepidopteros  Mexicanos.  [An.  Inst. 
Biol.,  Mexico]  11 :  639-739,  ill.  Hovanitz,  W.— The  selective 
value  of  aestivation  and  hibernation  in  a  California  butterfly 
[19]  36:  133-136.  Klima,  A. — Lepidopterorum  Catalogus. 
Pars  94.  Pyralididae.  subfam.  Pyraustinae  II.  225-384 
Kloet,  G.  S.— Experiments  on  living  pupae.  [8]  77:  139-140. 
Klots,  A.  B. — Two  European  Tortricidae  not  hitherto  re- 
corded from  North  America.  [19]  36:  126-127.  Littlewood, 
F.— On  rearing  Lepidoptera.  [9]  74:  88-94,  101-106,  124-130, 
161-165,  cont.  Lustig,  E.  F. — Parasitism  in  Papaipema 
purpurifascia.  [19]  36:  141.  de  Martin,  M. — La  coleccion 
de  Lepidopteros  del  Museo.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  "Javier 
Prado"]  5:  197-208.  McDunnough,  J.— A  new  Albertan 
Olethreutid.  [4]  73:  98-99,  ill.  Moeck,  H.  W.— A  butterfly 
migration  in  Mexico.  [Trans.  Wise.  Acad.  Sci.  Arts  & 
Letters]  32:  113-122.  O'Byrne,  H.  I.— Some  noteworthy 
Missouri  butterflies:  Papilio  troilus  ab.  radiatus  and  a 
variation  of  Lycaenopsis  pseudargiolus.  [19]  36:  124-125. 
Schweizer  &  Kay.— Lepidopteros  del  Uruguay.  [An.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  Montevideo]  5:  14  pp.,  ill.  Stichel,  H. — Lepi- 
dopterorum Catalogus.  Pars  93.  Nymphalidae  III.  Sub- 
fam. Charaxidinae  II.  543-794.  Urquhart,  F.  A. — Sulphur 
and  white  butterflies.  [Canadian  Nat.]  1941:  106-107,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — Bouvier,  G. — Ouelques  observations  biolo- 
giques  sur  les  Tabanides.  [41]  18:  280-285,  ill.  Cazier,  M. 
A. — A  generic  revision  of  the  fam.  Apioceratidae  with  a  re- 
vision of  the  N.  A.  sps.  [119]  25:  589-631.  (*).  Champlain, 
A.  B. — Botflies  and  game.  [Penna.  Game  News]  1941 :  29, 
ill.  Coe,  R.  L. — Callicera  rufa  (Syrphidae)  ;  colour-varia- 
tion of  abdominal  hairs  in  the  adult,  with  a  note  on  long- 


Hi.    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  237 

evity  of  the  larva.  [9]  74:  131-132.  Cregan,  M.  B.— Generic 
relationships  of  the  Dolichopodidae.  Based  on  a  study  of 
the  mouth  parts.  [111.  Biol.  Monogr.J  18:  68  pp.,  ill.  Harm- 
ston,  &  Knowlton. — Courting  antics  of  a  robber  fly.  [19J 
36:  110.  Hull,  F.  M. — Some  nn.  spp.  of  Syrphidae  from 
South  America.  [91J  31:  311-315.  Muller,  H.  J.— Biblio- 
graphy on  the  genetics  of  Drosophila.  [Imp.  Bur.  Animal 
Breeding  &  Genetics]  1939:  132.  Pessoa  &  Guimaraes- 
Nota  sobre  Streblideos  de  Morcegos  de  Matto-grosso,  Bra- 
sil  [14]  11:  421-426,  ill.  Philip,  C.  B.— Notes  on  Nearctic 
Pangoniinae  (Tabanid.).  [10]  43:  113-130,  ill.  (*).  Notes 
on  Nearctic  Tabaninae.  Pt.  1.  Stenotabanus,  Atylotus  and 
Tabanus.  [4]  73:  105-110.  (*).  Pritchard,  A.  E.— Annamyia, 
a  new  genus  of  Asilidae,  with  a  revision  of  the  genus  Apha- 
martania.  [10]  43:  131-140,  ill.  (*).  Rifenburgh,  Walker  & 
Johnson. — Radiation  of  Drosophila  melanogaster  with  low- 
intensity  ultra-violet  light  for  one  complete  generation. 
Effect  on  crossing-over  in  the  second  chromosome  of  the 
male.  [Proc.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.j  49:  215-226.  Steyskal,  G. 
—A  curious  habit  of  an  Empidid  fly.  [19]  36:  117,  ill. 
A  new  species  of  Euparyphus  from  Michigan  (Stratiomy- 
idae).  [19]  36:  123-124.  Odontomyia  records  (Stratiomyid). 
[19]  36:  125.  A  new  species  of  Pterodontia  ( Acroceridae). 
[19]  36:  140.  Ward,  H.  L. — A  note  on  the  occurrence  of  a 
syrphid  larva  as  an  accidental  parasite  of  man.  [Proc. 
Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  49:  199-200. 

COLEOPTERA.— Bolivar  y  Pieltain,  C.— Descripcion 
de  un  Trechinae  silvicola  del  Mexico  central.  [An.  Escuela 
Nac.  Cien.  Biol.  Mexico]  2:  111-118,  ill.  Buchanan,  L.  L.- 
A  n.  sp.  of  Melamasius  from  Cuba  (Curcul.).  [Mem.  Soc. 
Cuba  Hist.  Nat.]  15:  169-172.  ill.  Chapin,  E.  A.— Lady 
beetles  belonging  to  the  genus  Procula.  [Mem.  Soc.  Cuba 
Nat.  Hist.]  15:  165-168,  ill.  (s*).  Dahl,  R.  G.— Two  new 
southwestern  Chrysomelidae  with  a  key  to  the  known 
varieties  of  Saxinis  saucia.  [13]  33:  29-31.  Dillon  &  Dillon. 
-The  tribe  Monochamini  in  the  Western  Hemisphere. 
(Cerambycidae).  [Reading  Pub.  Mus.  &  Art  Gallery] 
Scien.  Publ.  No.  1:  135  pp.,  ill.  Dodge,  H.  R.— Observa- 
tions on  Sandalus  niger.  its  egg.  and  first  instar  larva.  |7| 
34:  458-466.  ill.  Fiedler,  K.— Monograph  of  the  South 
American  weevils  of  the  genus  Conotrachelus.  [Brit.  Mn-. 
Nat.  Hist.]  1940:  365  pp.,  ill.  (k*).  Frost,  C.  A.— X..u-s  on 
Notiophilus.  [19]  36:  127-128.  Hinton,  H.  E.— A  mono- 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

graphic  revision  of  the  Mexican  water  beetles  of  the 
family  Elmidae.  [71]  42:  396  pp.,  ill.  (k*).  Lane  &  Fisher. 

—Notes  on  the  Schaeffer  types  in  the  families  Cebrionidae, 
Elateridae  and  Throscidae.  [19]  36:  118-122.  Malkin,  B  — 
A  European  buprestid  in  the  United  States.  [19]  36:  132. 
Pereira,  F.  S. — Pinotus  de  la  Republica  Argentina.  (Cop- 
ridae).  [106]  131:  262-267,  ill.  (*).  Rempel'  &  Shevkenek. 

—Notes  on  the  morphology,  life  history,  and  economic  im- 
portance of  Smicronyx  utilis  (Curculionid.).  [4]  73:  100- 
104,  ill.  Robinson,  M. — Studies  in  the  Scarabaeidae  of 
North  America.  Pts.  1  and  2.  [1]  67:  127-136,  ill.  (*). 
Seevers,  C.  H. — Taxonomic  investigations  of  some  termi- 
tophilous  Staphylinidae  of  the  sub-families  Aleocharinae 
and  Trichopseniinae  (n.  subfam.).  [7]  34:  318-349,  ill. 
Williams,  R.  W. — Methods  of  collecting  and  marking  large 
numbers  of  beetles.  [19]  36:  139-140. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Arajo,  R.  L.— Contribuicao  para  o 
conhecimento  de  Gymnopolybia  meridionalis.  [14]  11:  11- 
16.  Bequaert,  J. — Two  neotropical  Polistes  imported  with 
bananas.  [19]  36:  109.  Additions  and  corrections  to  the  re- 
vision of  North  American  Vespinae  (Entomologica  Ameri- 
cana, 1932).  Second  Paper.  [19]  36:  111-117.  Buren,  W.  F. 
— Lasius  (Acanthomyops)  plumopilosus,  a  new  ant  with 
plumose  hairs,  from  Iowa.  [IowTa  State  Jour.  Sci.]  15:  231- 
235.  Gemignani,  E.  V. — Los  tipos  de  las  especies  del  genero 
Trypoxylon  existentes  en  el  Museo  Argentine  de  Ciencias 
Naturales.  [104]  10:  434-447,  ill.  Parkin,  E.  A.— Symbiosis 
in  larval  Siricidae.  [31]  147:  329. 

ATLAS  OF  THE  SCALE  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  by 
GORDON  FLOYD  FERRIS,  Professor  of  Zoology,  Stanford  Uni- 
versity. Series  III,  269-384.  Stanford  University  Press. 
Published  March  27,  1941.  Price  bound  $7.75,  unbound  $6.75. 
— In  the  NEWS  for  May,  1937,  page  150,  and  for  October, 
1939,  pages  238-239,  we  have  noticed  respectively  the  appear- 
ance of  Series  I  and  II  of  this  Atlas.  The  present  series  con- 
tinues in  the  style  of  its  predecessors  and  is  devoted  to  the 
Tribes  Diaspidini  (23  genera,  11  of  them  new,  with  5  previ- 
ously described  and  40  new  species)  and  Aspidiotini  (13 
genera,  3  of  them  new,  with  26  previously  described  and  24 
new  species).  Many  of  the  new  species  are  based  on  material 
collected  by  the  author  in  his  expedition  of  1938  from  Cali- 
fornia to  Panama.  Members  of  both  the  tribes  here  repre- 
sented also  appeared  in  the  earlier  series. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


Hi,    '41  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  239 

BUTTERFLIES.  A  handbook  of  the  butterflies  of  the  United 
States,  complete  for  the  region  North  of  the  Potomac  and 
Ohio  Rivers  and  East  of  the  Dakotas,  by  RALPH  W.  MACY 
and  HAROLD  H.  SHEPARD.  Published  by  the  University  of 
Minnesota  Press,  Minneapolis.  8  vo.  Cloth,  247  pp.,  4  colored 
plates  and  many  text  illustrations.  Price,  $3.50. — Dr.  Macy 
is  the  author  of  many  technical  papers  on  biological  subjects, 
as  is  Dr.  Shepard,  as  well  as  the  Hesperidae  section  of  the 
Catalogus  Lepidopterorum ;  the  completion  of  which  is  un- 
fortunately interrupted  by  the  war. 

In  the  first  section  the  authors  give  new  information  about 
ancient  beliefs  about  butterflies,  and  curious  facts  about  their 
life  histories  and  habits.  The  second  section  describes  the  162 
species  to  be  found  in  N.  E.  United  States  and  adjoining 
Canada,  with  special  reference  to  their  occurrence  in  Minne- 
sota. 

The  keys,  adequate  descriptions,  and  plates  and  text  illus- 
strations  will  enable  the  collector  to  identify  the  butterflies 
that  may  come  to  his  net.  There  is  included  a  sufficient  amount 
of  references  to  other  more  expensive  or  obscure  publications, 
but  this  book  is  indispensible  to  the  amateur  as  well  as  the 
advanced  student  of  these  most  charming  members  of  the  in- 
sect world. — R.  C.  WILLIAMS,  Jr. 


INSECT  PESTS  OF  STORED  GRAIN  AND  GRAIN  PRODUCTS, 
IDENTIFICATION,  HABITS  AND  METHODS  OF  CONTROL,  by 
RICHARD  T.  COTTON,  Senior  Entomologist,  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology and  Plant  Quarantine,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture. 8  vo.,  photo  offset,  flexible  binding,  242  pp.,  illus., 
Minneapolis,  Minn..  Burgess  Publishing  Company,  1941,  $3.00. 
-This  is  a  compact,  practical  handbook  prepared  for  ready 
reference  use  of  farmers,  elevator  operators,  shippers,  millers 
and  all  cithers  who  are  engaged  in  the  storage,  shipping  and 
processing  of  grain,  as  well  as  manufacturers  and  users  of 
pest  control  supplies.  It  has  been  estimated  that  as  a  result 
of  their  feeding  activities,  their  presence  in  grain  and  cereal 
products  and  the  cost  of  methods  employed  to  destroy  them, 
this  group  of  insects  exacts  a  toll  yearly  of  at  least  $300,000,- 
000  in  the  United  States  alone.  In  order  intelligently  to  combat 
these  insects  it  is  essential  to  possess  a  knowledge  of  their  life 
histories,  habits  and  environmental  needs.  In  order  to  acquaint 


240  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '41 

the  reader  with  these  pests  and  the  most  effective  methods  of 
controlling  them,  the  subject  matter  of  the  book  has  been 
arranged  in  the  following  subdivisions :  The  insect  pests  of 
stored  grain  and  milled  cereals ;  Controlling  stored  grain  in- 
sects on  the  farm ;  Control  of  insects  in  grain  stored  in  elevators 
and  warehouses ;  The  insect  problem  in  flour  mills ;  Practical 
control  methods  in  the  mill ;  Protecting  flour  after  manufac- 
ture ;  Fumigants  and  fumigation ;  The  common  f umigants ; 
Flour  mill  and  warehouse  fumigation ;  Fumigation  in  atmos- 
pheric vaults  and  vacuum  chambers ;  and  Heat  sterilization  in 
flour  mills.  Lists  of  selected  references  following  each  of 
these  subdivisions  will  aid  those  who  desire  to  pursue  study 
of  any  of  the  various  phases  of  its  subject  matter  beyond  the 
scope  of  this  book.  The  illustrations  likewise  have  been 
chosen  with  particular  care  adequately  to  supplement  or  to 
make  clearer  the  text  discussion.  In  view  of  the  highly  prac- 
tical importance  of  the  whole  subject,  particularly  at  this  time 
when  a  nationwide  public  defense  program  is  being  stressed, 
it  is  believed  that  this  book  will  fill  a  definite  need  and  will 
speediy  attain  a  wide  usefulness. — J.  S.W. 


OBITUARY 

The  death,  on  July  17,  1941,  of  Professor  MYRON  HARMON 
SWENK,  chairman  of  the  department  of  entomology  of  the 
University  of  Nebraska  since  1919,  was  announced  in  Science 
for  August  8.  He  was  born  at  Polo,  Illinois,  August  8,  1883, 
and  received  the  A.B.  (1907)  and  A.M.  (1908)  degrees  from 
the  University  of  Nebraska,  with  which  his  professional  life 
was  continuously  spent.  His  entomological  interests  were  on 
the  pollination  of  plants  by  insects  and  the  taxonomy  of  bees. 
He  contributed  descriptions  of  a  new  Collet cs  to  volume  15 
of  the  NEWS  (1904)  and  of  other  species  of  the  same  genus 
to  the  volume  for  1906,  and  of  species  of  the  genus  Antho- 
phora  to  that  for  1909. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


This   column    is   intended   only   for   wants   and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in )  are  discontinued. 


Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Correio  1043,  Buenos  Aires, 
Rep.  Argentina. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


NOVEMBER,  1941 


Vol.  LII  No.  9 


CONTENTS 

Samuel  Henshaw,  1852-1941.  An  Appreciation 241 

Beard  and  Wallace — Prothetely  in  Scolytus  multistriatus  Marsham 

(Coleoptera:  Scolytidae) 242 

Wagner — District  of  Columbia  Butterfly  Notes  (Lepidoptera:  Rhopa- 

locera) 245 

Bequaert— A  New  Race  of  Vespula  squamosa  (Drury)  from  Michoa- 

can,  Mexico  (Hymenoptera,  Vespidae) 249 

Chamberlin — Seven  New  Millipeds  from  Mexico  (Chilopoda) .  .  .  .  250 
Rau — Cockroaches:  The  Forerunners  of  Termites  (Orthoptera  Pla- 

ttidae;  Isoptera) 256 

Review — Peairs'  Insect  Pests  of  Farm,  Garden  and  Orchard  .  .  .  259 

Current  Entomological  Literature 260 

Review — Cregan's  Generic  Relationships  of  the  Uolichopodidae 

(Diptera)  Based  on  a  study  of  the  Mouth  Parts 267 

Obituary — M.  P.  Riedel,  Alexandre  Arsene  Girault,  Prof.  Charles 

Branch  Wilson,  Prof.  Ellison  Adger  Smyth,  Jr 263 


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ENT.  NBWS,  VOL.  LII. 


Plate  III. 


Fig.  1.  Clcidoyona  nueva,  new  species.  Right  gonopod  of  male, 
ectal  view. 

Fig.  2.     The  same.     Left  leg  of  9th  pair  of  male,  caudal  aspect. 

Fig.  3.  Clcidogona  nuci'a  michoacana,  new  variety.  Right  leg  of 
9th  pair  of  male,  anterior  view. 

Fig.  4.     The  same.     Left  leg  of  10th  pair  of  male,  caudal  view. 

Fig.  5.  Eitrclus  tancitarus.  new  species.  Collum  as  seen  from  the 
right  side. 

Fig.  6.     The  same.     Anterior  gonopod  of  left  side,  anterior  view. 

Fig.  7.     The  same.     Posterior  gonopod  of  left  side,  caudal  view. 

NEW  MEXICAN  MILLIPEDS.-  CHAMBERLIN. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  LII. 


Plate  IV. 
9 


8 


Fig.  8.  Orthoporus  Icouicns,  new  species.  Collum  as  seen  from 
right  side. 

Fig.  9.  Rhinocricus  potosianus,  new  species.  Scobina  of  segment  in 
middle  section  of  body. 

Fig.  10.  Mcssicobolus  hoogstralli,  new  species.  Anterior  gonopods  of 
male,  anterior  view. 

Fig.  11.  The  same.  Distal  end  of  telopodite  of  anterior  gonopod, 
caudodorsal  view. 

Fig.   12.     The  same.     Right  gonopod  of  posterior   pair,   caudal   side. 

Fig.   13.     The  same.     Right  posterior  gonopod,  anterior  side. 


NEW  MEXICAN  MILLIPEDS-CHAMBERLIN. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LII  NOVEMBER  1941  No  9. 

Samuel  Henshaw,  1852-1941.  An  Appreciation. 

Announcement  of  the  death  of  Samuel  Henshaw,  on  Febru- 
ary 5,  1941,  was  made  in  the  NEWS  for  March  last.  Since 
then  two  biographical  notices  of  him  have  appeared :  one  by 
his  associate  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cam- 
bridge, the  paleontologist,  Robert  T.  Jackson  (Science  for 
April  11),  the  other  by  two  entomologists  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant  Quaratine,  Joseph  S. 
Wade  and  J.  A.  Hyslop  (Proceedings,  Entomological  Society 
of  Washington  43:  108-110).  To  those  accounts  we  can  add 
nothing.  Henshaw's  reticence  concerning  himself  is  illustrated 
by  the  brevity  of  his  autobiographical  data  in  American  Men 
of  Science  and  in  Who's  Who  in  America. 

His  positions  at  the  Museum  from  1891  to  1927,  first  as 
assistant  to  Dr.  H.  A.  Hagen,  then  as  assistant  in  entomology, 
curator  and  director,  gave  him  the  opportunity  to  influence 
greatly  the  careers  of  students  of  insects.  As  one  of  these,  I 
wish  to  put  on  record  some  evidences  of  appreciation.  I  made 
his  acquaintance  on  July  25,  1890,  when  at  the  Museum  to  meet 
Dr.  Hagen.  I  must  have  made  a  favorable  impression  on 
him  for  repeated  visits  to  the  M.  C.  Z.,  enabled  me  to  acquire 
a  knowledge  of  American  Odonata  from  what  was  at  that 
time  one  of  the  largest  collections  in  the  world,  certainly  in 
the  western  hemisphere.  In  1899,  he  allowed  me  to  borrow 
and  bring  from  Cambridge  to  Philadelphia,  an  extensive 
series  of  neotropical  specimens  which  were  utilized  in  the 
preparation  of  the  Biologia  CentraK- Americana  and  in  a  con- 
tribution to  the  Neotropical  Odonate  fauna  other  than  that  of 
Mexico  and  Central  America.  It  is  idle  to  speculate  whether 
my — and  others' — opportunities  would  have  been  greater  or 

241 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

less  had  someone  else  occupied  Henshaw's  positions.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  I  appreciated  them  then  and  now,  and  just  as  I 
told  him  on  that  cold  snowy  evening  of  December  29,  1933, 
when  I  last  saw  him,  in  his  Fayerweather  Street  house,  so  now 
I  repeat :  I  am  grateful  and  I  thank  him. 

,     PHILIP  P.  CALVERT. 


Prothetely  in  Scolytus  multistriatus  Marsham  (Col- 

eop.:  Scolytidae). 

By  RAIMON  L.  BEARD  and  PHILIP  P.  WALLACE. 

Connecticut  Agricultural   Experiment   Station, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

Prothetely,  or  the  presence  of  pupal  characteristics  in  the 
larval  stage,  has  been  reported  in  several  families  of  Lepi- 
doptera  and  Coleoptera.  Earlier  literature  covering  these  re- 
ports has  been  summarized  by  Thomas  (1933). 

Since  1933,  prothetely  has  been  reported  in  Ef>ilacJma  var- 
ivcstris  (E.  cormMa)  by  Landis  and  Davidson  (1934),  in 
Tribolium  confnsnui  by  Oosthuizen  and  Sheparcl  (1936),  and 
in  Mchtiiotus  lonynlus  by  Stone  (1938). 

Observation  of  several  cases  of  this  developmental  abnor- 
mality among  larvae  of  the  elm  bark  beetle,  Scol\tus  innlti- 
striatus  Marsham,  adds  a  representative  of  the  family  Scolyti- 
dae to  the  list  of  Coleoptera  exhibiting  this  phenomenon. 

The  larvae  of  this  beetle  are  typically  scolytoid  in  form  and 
do  not  normally  possess  legs.  The  pupal  stage  of  the  insect  is 
preceded  by  a  short  prepupal  period  which  is  characterized  by 
an  enlargement  of  the  thoracic  region,  with  the  presence  of 
bulbous  structures  indicative  of  the  future  legs.  The  pro- 
thetely observed  is  chiefly  marked  by  the  presence  of  legs 
which  are  readily  distinguished  from  these  prepupal  protuber- 
ances. 

The  specimen  showing  the  greatest  development  of  "pupal" 
characteristics  possessed  both  legs  and  wing  pads.  The  legs 
were  conspicuous,  having  the  shape  illustrated  in  Figure  1,  B. 


Hi,  '41] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


243 


B 


Fig.  1.  Prothetely  in  S.  multistriatus.  A.  Dorsal  aspect  of  lateral 
region  of  mesonotum,  showing  position  and  relative  size  of  wing  pads. 
B.  Outline  of  leg.  C.  Outline,  drawn  to  scale,  of  prothetelous  larva. 

Although  the  legs  had  a  jointed  appearance,  there  was  no  evi- 
dence of  their  having  any  functional  significance.  The  two 
pairs  of  wing  pads  were  sclerotized,  the  posterior  pair  heing 
somewhat  better  developed.  The  wing  pads  (Fig.  1,  A)  were 
flattened  sacs,  appearing  to  evaginate  from  the  lateral  region 
of  the  mesonotum  and  metanotum.  It  is  presumed  that  this 
larva,  when  found,  was  in  the  penultimate  stadium,  as  it 
molted  once  and  later  succumbed  (probably  from  desiccation), 
when  it  showed  evidence  of  approaching  the  prepupal  con- 
dition. 

Another  specimen,  found  in  the  last  larval  instar,  had  legs 
developed  almost  as  well  as  the  one  just  described,  but  only 
the  posterior  pair  of  wing  pads  was  evident.  This  individual 
pupated  and  reached  the  imaginal  stage  witli  no  apparent 
difficulties.  The  adult  form  did  not  appear  abnormal  in  any 
way,  indicating  that  the  presence  of  premature  legs  and  rudi- 
mentary wings  had  no  obvious  effect  upon  the  viability  of  tin- 
insect. 


244  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

• 

Approximately  twelve  other  larvae  were  observed  to  bear  the 
abnormality  in  degrees  varying  from  the  above  two  to  larvae 
possessing  slight  conical  protuberances  suggestive  of  leg  struc- 
tures. No  confusion,  however,  arose  between  these  and  the 
protuberances  which  characterize  the  prepupal  stage. 

In  only  three  cases  were  wing  pads  present. 

An  estimated  one  fourth  of  one  percent  of  the  beetle  larvae 
showed  the  abnormality,  as  the  number  of  larvae  examined 
carefully  enough  to  detect  the  legs  approximated  5,000. 

Fruthi  (1927)  believed  that  in  certain  Tenebrionids  a  com- 
bination of  larval  and  pupal  characteristics  indicated  a  con- 
dition of  inhibited  metamorphosis  to  which  he  applied  the  term 
neoteny.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  cases  here  reported  for 
S.  multistriatus  are  conditions  of  prothetely,  as  the  possession 
of  legs  and  wing  pads  was  noted  in  the  larval  instar  preceding 
the  definitive  prepupal  and  pupal  stages. 

In  most  cases  on  record  (vide  Thomas  1933)  prothetely  has 
not  been  observed  on  material  taken  in  nature,  but  on  experi- 
mental material  subjected  to  unusual  environmental  conditions. 
Moreover,  such  a  morphological  abnormality  has  generally  pre- 
vented normal  development.  It  is  of  particular  interest  to 
note,  then,  that  these  prothetelous  larvae  of  S.  multistriatus 
were  taken  from  infested  elm  bark  exposed  to  natural  condi- 
tions and  that  of  the  two  most  extreme  cases,  one  molted  as  a 
larva  without  difficulty,  and  the  other  pupated  and  developed 
into  an  apparently  normal  adult  beetle. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

LANDIS,  B.  J.,  and  DAVIDSON,  R.  H.  1934.  Prothetely  in 
Epilacliua  corrupta  Muls.  (Coleop.)  Ohio  Jour.  Science,  34: 
147-149. 

OOSTHUIZEN,  M.  J.,  and  SHEPARD,  H.  H.  1936.  Prothetely 
in  larvae  of  the  confused  flour  beetle,  Tribolium  confitsitin 
Jacq.-Duv.)  Ann.  Pint.  Soc.  Amer.,  29:  268-272. 

PRUTHI,  HEM  SINGH.  1927.  Prothetely  in  insects.  Na- 
ture, 119:  391-392. 

STONE,  M.  VV.  1938.  An  occurrence  of  prothetely  in  the 
wireworm  Mclanotns  loui/iilus  Lee.  Pan-Pacific  Ent.,  14:  16- 
18. 

THOMAS,  C.  A.  1933.  Prothetely  in  an  Elaterid  larva 
(Coleop.)  Ent.  News,  44:  91-96. 


Hi,    '41  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  245 

District  of  Columbia  Butterfly  Notes  (Lepidoptera  : 

Rhopalocera). 

By  WARREN  HERBERT  WAGNER,  JR.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(Continued   from   page   200.) 

EUREMA  JUCUNDA  Boiscluval  and  Leconte.  I  took  an  old  but 
unbroken  male  on  alfalfa  flowers  in  the  Soldiers  Home  Grounds 
on  July  24,  1935.  Mr.  Carroll  Wood  told  me  that  every  year 
specimens  are  found  at  Salem,  Virginia,  so  perhaps  this  butter- 
fly can  be  expected  to  reach  Washington  regularly  and  therefore 
should  be  regarded  as  a  rare  visitor. 

PIERIS  PROTODICE  Boisduval  and  LeConte.  A  distinctive 
autumn  form  occurred  in  the  District  region  in  1934-35-36. 
Similar  specimens  are  found  in  other  localities  according  to 
Dr.  George  W.  Rawson.  The  shape  is  nearest  that  of  the 
summer  form,  but  the  chalky  white  color  of  the  wings  and 
dark  markings  underneath  are  closer  to  the  spring  form. 

PAPILIO  AJAX  Linnaeus.  In  the  spring  a  small,  light  form 
occurs  just  as  in  all  of  the  other  swallowtails.  It  is  found  in 
the  last  half  of  April  and  early  May  and  is  characterized  by 
the  greater  amount  of  yellow  relative  to  the  black  ground  color. 
The  row  of  spots  nearest  the  outer  edge  is  larger  and  the  fe- 
males have  more  yellow  in  the  inner  row  than  in  the  summer 
form.  There  is  more  hair  on  the  bodies  of  both  sexes. 

P.  PALAMEDES  Drury.  On  July  31,  1937,  I  saw  an  unmis- 
takable palauicdcs  near  Chillum  Heights  in  Washington  from 
a  distance  of  about  200  feet.  Even  at  this  distance  the  lumber- 
ing flight  and  checkered  appearance  make  it  easily  recognizable. 
I  caught  up  with  it  but  unfortunately  "muffed"  it.  It  was  a 
fresh  specimen.  A  previous  storm  may  account  for  its  presence 
so  far  from  its  native  swamps. 

P.  MARCELLi's  Boisduval.  Intermediates  between  the  late- 
spring  and  the  summer  forms  are  found  occasionally  in  late 
May.  A  fresh  one  at  hand  taken  by  Mr.  Wayne  K.  Hill  is  a 
female  and  intermediate  in  every  respect. 

KHABDOIDES  CELLUS  (Boisduval  and  LeConte.)  This  butter- 
fly is  a  permanent  resident  here,  reappearing  every  year  in  the 
locality  near  Great  Falls,  Maryland,  discovered  by  Mr.  and 


246  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

Mrs.  Clark. 

ERYNNIS  ZARUCCO  Lucas.  This  species  was  taken  for  the 
first  time  when  a  mated  pair  was  captured  July  12,  1935,  in 
the  Soldiers  Home  Grounds.  They  were  identified  by  Foster 
H.  Benjamin  as  zarucco  (terentious}.  It  is  probably  more 
common  along  the  Chesapeake  Bay  Region  of  Maryland  east 
of  Washington. 

STAPHYLUS  HAYHURSTII  (Edwards).  Although  it  does  not 
occur  in  the  original  Washington  area,  this  skipper  is  quite 
common  at  Camp  Letts,  Maryland,  just  twenty-nine  miles 
away.  It  is  found  along  paths  in  woods  and  the  edges  of  woods 
bordering  on  old  fields  and  salt  marshes. 

HESPERIA  METEA  (Scudder).  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clark  have 
this  skipper  from  nearby  in  Virginia.  It  is  not  uncommon  in 
the  Catholic  University  Grounds  in  Washington  wherever 
there  are  dry  grassy  fields  interspersed  with  pines.  My  earliest 
date  is  April  25,  1938,  when  three  fresh  specimens  of  both 
sexes  were  taken.  My  latest  capture  was  May  29.  It  is  ex- 
tremely inconspicuous  and  hard  to  catch. 

POLITES  MANATAAQUA  (Scudder).  Before  1932,  this 
skipper  was  apparently  rare  but  since  that  time  it  has  been 
abundant.  May  25,  1936,  is  my  earliest  date  and  it  disappears 
around  the  end  of  June  appearing  again  toward  the  end  of 
July.  I  took  a  gynandromorph  in  field  east  of  16th  Street, 
N.  W.,  near  the  District  line.  A  common  tendency  among 
the  males  is  to  lose  the  orange-yellow  markings  above  the 
stigma,  making  the  specimens  almost  completely  melanic. 
Some  of  these  have  been  confused  with  Atrytonc  vcstris,  but 
the  stigma  shape  and  the  presence  of  light  tan  scaling  on  the 
underside  of  the  hind  wings  in  ina-nataaqiia,  which  is  absent 
from  A.  vcstris,  enable  easy  identification  usually. 

ATRYTONOPSIS  HIANNA  (Scudder).  The  same  localities 
that  yield  H.  mctca  also  yield  hianna  in  much  greater  quantities. 
H  lamia  emerges  later  than  mctca — my  earliest  date  is  May  5, 
1938 — and  it  can  be  found  until  the  first  week  in  June.  It 
rarely  visits  flowers  but  when  it  does  this  skipper  is  usually 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

found  on  blackberry  blossoms.  The  height  of  the  season  is 
the  middle  of  May  when  fifty  or  so  can  be  taken  in  a  morning: 
mated  pairs  are  most  common  at  this  time.  Hianna  is  occa- 
sional in  several  other  places  in  and  arovmd  Washington. 

The  specimen  captured  August  26,  1939,  by  Mr.  Clark  and 
listed  as  this  species  has  since  been  found  to  be  Lcrcma  accius. 
Hianna  has  but  one  brood. 

LERODEA  EUFALA  (Edwards).  A  single  male  was  taken 
September  7,  1935,  in  a  flower  bed  in  MacMillan  Park.  It 
should  be  regarded  as  a  very  rare  visitor  here  late  in  the 
summer. 

POANES  ZABULON  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  This  common 
skipper  has  two  broods  here  instead  of  one.  My  records  show 
that  it  disappears  toward  the  end  of  June  and  reappears  the 
last  week  in  July  and  flies  until  September. 

P.  MASSASOIT  HUGHI  Clark.  Another  bog  where  this  butter- 
fly is  abundant  was  located  at  Hyattsville,  Maryland.  Both 
the  Beltsville,  Maryland  Bog  and  that  at  Hyattsville  are  being 
destroyed  in  their  natural  flora  and  fauna  by  "improvements," 
In  1936,  this  butterfly  appeared  as  early  as  June  25.  The 
form  of  this  subspecies,  corresponding  to  siiffusa  of  typical 
massasoit,  is  frequent  in  both  sexes  and  has  the  yellow-orange 
patch  on  the  underside  of  the  hind  wings  evenly  covered  over 
with  dark  rusty  brown.  Poancs  massasoit  hitghi  may  conceiv- 
ably disappear  from  our  area  as  did  P.  aaroni  and  viator. 

P.  VIATOR  (Edwards).  This  is  a  common  skipper  in  and 
near  salt  marshes  around  Camp  Letts  and  along  the  Patuxent 
River  at  Benedict,  in  Maryland,  but  I  doubt  if  it  now  occurs 
normally  much  nearer  to  Washington.  My  earliest  and  latest 
dates  are  June  20  and  September  7.  There  are  at  least  two 
broods. 

P.  AARONI  Skinner.  The  above  named  localities  for  viator 
also  yield  this  skipper,  but  in  smaller  numbers.  Aaroni  wanders 
quite  far  away  from  its  supposed  home  at  Camp  Letts,  Mary- 
land. In  fact  all  but  one  taken  there  were  found  in  an  old 
field  a  quarter-mile  from  the  nearest  salt  marsh.  On  June  20, 
1939,  Dr.  George  W.  Rawson  and  I  took  more  than  a  dozen 


248  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

of  both  sexes  in  this  field.  There  are  two  broods ;  the  first  is 
from  the  second  week  in  June  to  the  first  week  in  July  and  the 
second  from  the  third  week  in  August  to  at  least  the  second 
week  in  September.  Many  specimens,  both  Mr.  Clark  and  Mr. 
Williams  agree,  approach  in  size  and  color  the  subspecies 
howardi  from  Florida.  Although  this  interesting  skipper  has 
been  often  reported  from  the  Eastern  shore  of  Maryland,  I  be- 
lieve these  records  are  the  first  from  the  Western  shore  side  of 
Maryland. 

PANOQUINA  OCOLA  (Edwards).  I  have  taken  this  butter- 
fly in  Washington  from  August  4  to  September  23.  It  is  rare 
here  and  the  only  female  I  have  ever  seen  here  was  on  the 
Chain  Bridge  Flats  along  the  Potomac  River.  Held  between 
two  fingers,  a  male  will  slowly  rotate  its  antennae  after  the 
curious  fashion  of  Ancylo.rypJia  nwnitor  when  at  rest,  as 
described  by  Mr.  Scudder,  and  Atrytonc  logan  held  between 
the  fingers,  as  described  by  Mr.  Clark. 

PAPERS  INCLUDING  REFERENCES  TO  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 
BUTTERFLIES  PUBLISHED  SINCE  1932. 

CLARK,  AUSTIN  H.  [Clirysophanus  thoc,  Papilio  philcnor 
acauda,  and  Atrytonc  bimacula  recorded  from  the  District  of 
Columbia  area.]  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  36,  Nos. 
8,  9,  November-December  1934,  Feb.  18,  1935,  p.  263. 

ID.  [Cercyonis  alopc  pcgala,  Strymon  liparops  form  stri- 
gosa,  E  it  re  ma  jiicunda,  Thanaos  tcrentius,  and  Lcrodca  cufala 
recorded  from  the  District  of  Columbia  area,  and  Hcsperia 
Dietca  and  Tfwrybcs  confusis  recorded  from  Difficult  Run, 
Virginia.]  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  37,  No.  8,  No- 
vember 1935,  Jan.  17,  1936,  p.  169. 

ID.  Life  History  of  the  Gold-banded  Skipper  (Rhabdoidcs 
ccllns}.  Science,  new  series,  vol.  80,  No.  2068,  Aug.  17,  1934, 
pp.  163-164. 

In.  The  Gold-banded  Skipper  (Rhabdoidcs  cellus).  Smith- 
sonian Miscellaneous  Collections,  vol.  95,  No.  7,  May  6,  1936, 
pp.  1-50,  pis.  1  [colored  frontispiece] — 8,  text  figures  A-D, 
26,  E-H,  p.  29. 

CLARK,  AUSTIN  H.,  and  LEILA  F.  CLARK.  Butterflies  from 
Virginia  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash- 
ington, vol.  51,  pp.  1-6,  Feb.  18,  1938.  [Lycaena  phlacas  hy- 
po phlacas,  ab.  fulliolus,  Papilio  palanicdcs,  Folites  manataaqua 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  249 

(gynandromorph),    and    Calpodcs    ctJiIins   recorded    from    the 
District  of  Columbia  area.] 

ID.  Butterflies  from  Virginia.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washing- 
ton, vol.  52,  pp.  177-184,  Dec.  15,  1939.  [Poancs  aaroni  re- 
corded from  Washington.] 


A  New  Race  of  Vespula  squamosa    (Drury),    from 
Michoacan,  Mexico  (Hymenoptera,  Vespidae). 

By  J.  BEQUAERT,  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 
Cambridge,   Massachusetts. 

The  small  collection  of  Vespidae  made  in  Mexico  last  summer 
by  Mr.  Harry  Hoogstraal  and  Mr.  Kenneth  Knight  was  re- 
cently acquired  by  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  It 
contains  an  interesting  local  race  of  Vespula  (Vespula}  squa- 
mosa (Drury),  the  first  to  be  known  of  that  species. 
Vespula  squamosa  var.  (or  subsp.)  michoacana,  new. 

Worker. — Black  with  the  following  yellow  markings : 
clypeus,  except  for  a  median  longitudinal  spot  in  upper  two- 
thirds  ;  inner  orbits,  filling  the  ocular  sinuses  but  not  reaching 
the  vertex;  a  large,  lozange-shaped  spot  above  insertion  of 
antennae,  very  narrowly  divided  from  the  inner  orbits ;  outer 
orbits  covering  the  entire  genae  and  extending  over  hind  part 
of  vertex,  but  narrowly  interrupted  behind  the  ocelli ;  most  of 
mandibles ;  scape  beneath ;  broad  hind  margin  of  pronotum, 
narrowed  and  widely  interrupted  medially ;  two  narrow,  slightly 
curved,  median,  longitudinal  stripes  on  mesonotum ;  a  basal 
transverse  band,  broadly  interrupted  on  scutellum,  very  nar- 
rowly divided  on  postscutellum ;  a  small  spot  on  each  side  of 
propodeum ;  a  large  spot  in  upper  corner  of  mesepisternum ; 
a  small  spot  in  upper  corner  of  metapleura ;  tegulae ;  most  of 
legs  (often  somewhat  orange  and  the  femora  extensively  m- 
fuscate)  ;  hind  margins  of  all  tergites  and  sternites,  continued 
along  the  sides,  narrow-  and  uniform  on  tergites  1  and  6,  much 
wider  and  with  wavy  anterior  margin  on  tergites  2  to  5,  very 
extensive  and  with  lateral  black  spots  on  sternites  2  to  5. 

Tn  addition  tergite  1  bears  on  the  edge  of  the  slope  a  narrow 
transverse  band  which  docs  not  reach  the  sides  and  is  inter- 
rupted medially;  the  disk  of  tergite  2  is  either  entirely  black- 
er bears  a  narrow  cross-band  (sometimes  mere  traces  of  it) 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

which  does  not  reach  the  sides  and  is  interrupted  medially. 
Under  side  of  flagellum  somewhat  russet,  particularly  toward 
the  tip.  Wing  as  in  typical  squainosa.  The  yellow  color  is 
sulphur-yellow  on  head  and  thorax,  slightly  tinged  with  orange 
on  abdomen. 

Holotype,  worker,  and  eight  paratvpcs  (workers),  Tanci- 
taro,  6600  ft.,  State  of  Michoacan,  Mexico,  July,  1940  (II. 
Hoogstraal  and  K.  Knight).  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Camhridge, 
Mass.  Paratypes  also  at  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Phila- 
delphia, U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  and  American  Mus.  of  Natural 
History,  New  York. 

It  seems  reasonable  to  assume  that  the  curious  reduction  of 
the  color  markings  of  the  abdomen  is  caused  by  the  mountain 
climate.  In  the  many  workers  of  F.  squainosa  I  have  seen 
from  the  eastern  United  States  and  other  parts  of  Mexico 
(Mexico  City;  Puebla;  Hidalgo;  Chihuahua),  the  discal  trans- 
verse bands  of  tergites  1  and  2  are  broad,  connected  with  the 
yellow  sides  and  not  or  very  narrowly  interrupted  in  the 
middle;  the  yellow  markings  of  propodeum  and  mesopleura 
are  also  more  extensive. 


Seven  New  Millipeds  from  Mexico  (Chilopoda). 

By  RALPH   V.  CHAMBERLIN,  University  of   Utah, 

Salt  Lake  City. 
(Plates  III  and  IV.) 

The  seven  species  of  diplopods  described  as  new  in  the  pres- 
ent paper  are  based  upon  material  collected  by  Harry  Hoog- 
straal and  Kenneth  Knight,  chiefly  in  June  and  July,  1940,  on 
the  "Third  Hoogstraal  Mexican  Biological  Expedition."  Some 
specimens,  however,  as  hereafter  noted,  were  taken  in  June, 
1938.  All  types  are  at  present  deposited  at  the  University  of 
Utah. 

Order  CHORDEUMIDA. 
Suborder  CHORDEUMOIDEA. 
Family  PSEUDOCLEIDIDAE. 
Cleidogona  nueva  new  species  (Figs.  1,  2). 
A  blackish  band  across  the  dorsum  of  each  metazonite  en- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  251 

closing  four  light  spots  in  transverse  series,  from  each  of  which 
arises  a  seta,  the  lateral  spot  on  each  side  more  elongate; 
prozonite  also  with  cross  band  of  black  embracing  at  middle 
two  contiguous  or  sub-contiguous  light  spots  and  large  lateral 
light  area  on  each  side  more  extensive  than  the  corresponding 
spot  on  metazonite.  A  longitudinal  dark  band  along  the  upper 
part  of  each  side  just  below  line  of  keels  while  the  lower  part 
of  side  is  pale,  the  line  of  junction  between  dark  and  light 
deeply  remote.  Legs  somewhat  dusky  white,  darker  distally. 
Antennae  dark. 

Eyes  large,  triangular  with  apex  ectad,  ocelli  numerous  and 
distinct,  arranged  in  6  or  7  series  much  as  in  michoacana. 

Antennae  slender,  with  articles  of  usual  proportions,  the 
seventh  more  slender  and  scarcely  longer  than  the  sixth. 

Distinguished  from  michoacana  in  the  form  of  gonopods 
and  adjacent  legs  as  shown  in  figs.  1  and  2. 

Length  12-13  mm. 

Locality. — NUEVO  LEON:  Sabinas  Hidalgo;  Ojo  de  Agua. 
One  male  taken  on  June  14,  1940,  in  decaying  wood  outside 
of  a  cave  at  an  elevation  of  1300  feet  by  K.  Knight. 

A  lighter  colored  form  than  C.  nueva  michoacana  from  which 
it  differs  superficially  also  in  color  pattern ;  e.  g.,  in  having  the 
pair  of  submedian  dorsal  light  spots  on  prozonites  which  are 
wholly  lacking  in  michoacana. 
Cleidogona  nueva  michoacana  new  variety  (Figs.  3,  4). 

A  black  band  along  dorsum  and  a  similar  one  along  each 
side  with  upper  border  at  or  just  below  level  of  pores;  on  each 
side  between  dorsal  and  lateral  dark  stripes  a  longitudinal 
yellow  stripe  with  irregular  margins  and  the  sides  also  light 
colored  below  lateral  dark  bands ;  the  two  more  median  setae 
on  each  segment  each  inserted  on  a  small  circular  yellow  spot; 
anal  tergite  black.  Legs  dusky  yellow. 

Eyes  large  and  black,  composed  of  numerous  ocelli  arranged 
in  series  from  above  below  as  follows:  7,  7,  7,  5,  5,  3,  1.  An- 
tennae long  and  slender,  with  the  articles  of  the  typical  relative 
proportions. 

Cannae  weak,  and  setigerous  tubercles  slight. 

Gonopods  close  to  those  of  nueva,  but  the  dorsal  tooth  on 
the  basal  spur  appears  lower  and  less  acute. 

Ninth  legs  of  male  as  shown  in  fig.  3.     Tenth  legs  of  male 
as  shown  in  fig.  4.     Process  of  eleventh  legs  nearly  the 
as  those  of  the  tenth. 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

Length,  about  13  mm. 

Locality. — MICHOACAN  :  Tancitaro.  Elevation,  6,500  feet. 
Under  logs  in  damp  ground.  A  male  and  female  taken  by 
Hoogstraal,  July  22,  1940. 

Order  JULIDA. 
Suborder  SPIROSTREPTOIDEA. 

Family  SPIROSTREPTIDAE. 
Orthoporus  leonicus  new  species  (Fig-.  8). 

Brown,  the  segments  with  a  lighter  ferruginous  annulus 
about  the  caudal  border  and  lighter  brown  anteriorly  adjacent 
to  each  preceding  segment.  Legs  brown  of  a  somewhat  fer- 
ruginous cast. 

Head  and  collum  smooth.  O ilium  with  form  and  character- 
istic lateral  sulci  as  shown  in  fig.  8.  Segmental  encircling 
sulcus  on  ordinary  somites  deeply  impressed  throughout, 
widely  and  moderately  excurved  opposite  the  pore  which  is 
separated  from  it  by  about  twice  its  diameter ;  longitudinal 
striae  deep  and  complete  up  to  the  level  of  pore,  above  which 
they  are  abbreviated  and  are  not  present  across  dorsum  ;  the 
metazonites  appearing  smooth  but  under  the  lens  revealing 
numerous  very  fine  punctae  and  slight  anastomosing  ridges. 
Last  tergite  with  caudal  portion  sharply  set  off  by  transverse 
depression  from  anterior  part,  exceeded  by  the  valves.  Anal 
valves  smooth,  their  inner  borders  compressed  and  strongly 
elevated. 

Number  of  segments  in  female  holotype,  72.  In  female 
paratypes  69  and  73  respectively. 

Length,  near  160  mm. ;  width.  9.5  mm.  The  two  younger 
female  paratypes  are  respectively  5.5  and  7.5  mm.  in  diameter. 

Locality. — NUEVO  LEON  :  Ojo  de  Agua,  Sabinas  Hidalgo. 
Elevation  1500  feet.  Under  damp  rock  near  a  stream.  Three 
females  taken  by  Harry  Hoogstraal,  June  18,  1938. 

This  is  a  larger,  more  robust  form  than  other  species  here- 
tofore reported  from  Mexico,  apparently  also  quite  distinct  in 

sculpturing  of  collum  and  other  segments. 

Suborder  SPIROBOLOIDEA. 
Family  RHINOCRICIDAE. 
Rhinocricus  potosianus  new  species  (Fig.  9). 

Olive  to  olive  brown,  the  caudal  borders  of  segments  deeper 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

in  color.     Antennae  and  legs  brown. 

Head  smooth  and  shining;  median  sulcus  distinct  below 
level  of  antennae,  but  obscure  across  vertex. 

Collum  with  ends  widely  rounded;  surface  smooth  and  shin- 
ing; a  fine  margining  sulcus  about  the  anterior  corner  on 
each  side. 

Second  tergite  extended  well  below  level  of  the  colluni 
where  its  anterior  border  is  thickened  and  elevated.  On  ordi- 
nary segments  the  median  sulcus  is  distinct  throughout,  in- 
terrupted with  impressed  cross  lines  or  punctae ;  slightly 
angled  at  level  of  pore  with  which  it  is  in  contact;  surface 
above  smooth  and  shining.  Scobina  beginning  on  ninth  or 
tenth  segment,  where  weak  and  small,  and  continuing  to  about 
the  fiftieth  where  they  again  gradually  fade  out.  In  the  seg- 
ments of  the  middle  region  the  scobina  are  deeply  impressed 
with  the  striae  very  fine  and  close-set,  the  deep  lunate  areas 
separated  by  somewhat  less  than  twice  their  width.  See 
further  fig.  9. 

Number  of  segments  in  female  holotype,  60. 

Length,   108  mm. ;  diameter,  8.8  mm. 

Locality.- — SAN  Luis  POTOSI  :  Valles,  7  miles  south  of  El 
Banito.  Elevation,  100  feet.  Under  bark  of  fallen  tree.  One 
female  taken  by  Hoogstraal  and  Knight,  June  26.  1940. 

In  general  structure  possibly  near  to  R.  aurocinctus  of  Dur- 
ango,  but  strikingly  different  in  coloration.  The  scobina  in 
form  and  distance  apart  seem  distinctive. 

Family   SPIROBOLIDAE. 
Spirobolus  nigrior  new  species. 

Deep  blackish  brown,  nearly  uniform  in  color.  Antennae 
and  legs  also  blackish. 

Eyes  large,  ocelli  distinct,  about  50-55  in  number;  arranged 
in  6  series.  Clypeal  foveolae  4  +  4. 

Collum  of  usual  general  form ;  surface  mostly  smooth ;  a 
sharply  defined  anterior  margining  sulcus  from  level  of  eye  to 
lower  caudal  corner;  just  above  and  subparalld  with  tbr 
margining  sulcus  a  short  stria  running  from  caudal  margin 
forward. 

Second  tergite  extending  well  below  level  of  the  collum.  On 
ordinary  tergites  the  primary  sulcus  less  sharply  impressed 
across  dorsum  than  the  one  in  front  of  it.  Posterior  area  of 
segments  with  numerous  punctae;  anterior  ring  marked  with 
numerous  fine  short  curved  striae;  striae  on  sides  fine  but 


254  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

distinct,  present  to  level  of  pores.  Caudal  triangular  portion 
of  last  tergite  depressed  below  level  of  anterior  portion,  some- 
what roughened,  the  anterior  area  smooth  and  shining.  Anal 
valves  with  borders  strongly  compressed  and  elevated. 

Number  of  segments,  53. 

Length  of  female  holotype,  about  72  mm. ;  width,  7  mm. 
The  largest  paratype  is  8.2  mm.  in  thickness. 

Locality. — NUEVO  LEON:  Villa  Santiago  (Hacienda  Vista 
Hermosa — Horsetail  Falls).  On  arid  plateau  at  elevation  of 
2500  ft.  One  female  taken  by  Hoogstraal  and  Knight  on  June 
18,  1938.  Ojo  de  Agua,  Sabinas  Hidalgo;  twelve  females 
taken  under  damp  rocks  near  stream,  elevation  1500  ft.,  by 
Hoogstraal  on  June  12,  1938. 

In  large  size  of  eyes  apparently  differing  from  other  known 
Mexican  species  excepting  6".  platyops  Pocock  from  Mescala. 

It  is,  however,  conspicuously  different  from  that  form  in 
lacking  yellow  posterior  borders  to  the  segments,  etc. 

Messicobolus  hoogstralli  new  species  (Figs.  10-13). 

Brown,  in  part  of  chestnut  cast,  the  somites  darker  on  sides 
adjacent  to  preceding  segment.  Legs  light  brown.  Antennae 
somewhat  chestnut  brown. 

Antennae  obviously  compressed,  lying  in  a  wide  groove 
down  side  of  head  in  front  of  eye  and  forward  in  mandible 
at  side  of  clypeal  region.  Clypeal  foveolae  4+4. 

Collum  narrowly  rounded  at  ends ;  with  a  submarginal  sulcus 
extending  from  level  of  eye  to  lower  end  on  each  side;  surface 
smooth  and  shining.  Second  tergite  produced  well  below 
level  of  collum;  four  longitudinal  sulci  above  lower  margin. 
On  typical  segments  the  pore  lies  its  diameter  or  more  in  front 
of  the  segmental  suture ;  a  supplementary  sulcus  branches  off 
from  the  suture  above  the  level  of  the  pore  and  parallels  the 
primary  suture  across  dorsum.  Metazonites  appearing  smooth 
and  shining  above  but  under  the  lens  showing  numerous  but 
not  dense  fine  punctae  and  short  impressed  lines ;  sides  longi- 
tudinally striate  below  level  of  pore. 

Gonopods  of  male  as  shown  in  figs.  10,  11,  12,  and  13. 

Number  of  segments  48-49. 

Length  of  male  holotype,  about  100  mm.;  diameter,  11  mm. 
Diameter  of  female  allotype,  13  mm. 

Locality. — NUEVO  LEON  :     Sabinas  Hidalgo,  Ojo  de  Agua. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Five  males  and  one  female  taken  by  Harry  Hoogstraal,  June 
14,  1940,  under  damp  rocks  near  a  stream.  "Arid  semi-des- 
ert." 

A  larger  form  than  M.  godinani  (Pocock)  with  48-49  seg- 
ments as  against  42,  distinct  also  in  the  form  of  the  male 
gonopods. 

Family  ATOPETHOLIDAE. 
Eurelus  tancitarus  new  species  (Figs.  5-7). 

The  male  holotype  is  brown  with  the  caudal  borders  of 
somites  darker.  Legs  and  antennae  brown.  Some  of  the 
associated  females  vary  to  chestnut,  but  the  dark  annuli  about 
borders  of  segments  are  conspicuous  in  all. 

Antennae  slender  as  usual.  Ocelli  28-30  in  each  patch, 
arranged  in  6  series,  the  eyes  widely  separated. 

Collum  smooth  and  shining;  at  ends  narrowly  rounded  as 
shown  in  fig.  5.  Second  tergite  extending  much  below  end  of 
collum,  its  lower  posterior  corner  widely  rounded  as  shown  in 
the  figure.  Segmental  sulcus  single,  distinct  throughout.  Pore 
contiguous  with  segmental  sulcus ;  a  short  deep  longitudinal 
sulcus  behind  middle  at  level  of  pore.  Longitudinal  striae 
numerous  and  fine  beneath  but  not  reaching  level  of  pore  by  a 
wide  distance.  Surface  not  punctate. 

In  the  male  the  claws  of  the  first  two  pairs  of  legs  enlarged. 
The  processes  of  coxae  of  third  legs  much  smaller  than  in 
other  known  species  and  the  coxae  of  immediately  following 
legs  scarcely  compressed  and  with  processes  obsolete. 

The  gonopods  of  the  male  also  distinctive  among  the  known 
species.  See  figs.  6  and  7. 

Number  of  segments  in  male  holotype,  43.  In  females, 
41-42. 

Length  of  male  holotype  about  35  mm. ;  diameter,  4.5  mm. 
Females  up  to  60  mm.  long  and  8  mm.  in  diameter. 

Locality. — MICHOACAN  :  Tancitaro.  On  soil  under  rocks 
in  moist  woods.  One  male  (holotype)  and  ten  females  taken 
by  Hoogstraal  on  July  20,  1940. 

In  the  reduced  size  of  coxal  processes  in  the  male  E.  kcr- 
rcusis  forms  a  transition  to  the  present  species.  E.  tancitarus 
is  clearly  distinct  from  other  known  species  also  in  the  char- 
acters of  the  male  gonopods. 


256  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

Cockroaches:  The  Forerunners  of  Termites  (Ortho- 
ptera:  Blattidae;  Isoptera). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

The  termites  show  a  very  close  structural  relationship  to 
cockroaches ;  they  are,  however,  much  more  recent  in  geological 
time,  having  made  their  appearance  during  the  age  of  Reptiles, 
whereas  the  cockroaches  are  known  to  he  among  the  oldest 
of  insects.  There  is  little  doubt,  says  Imms1  that  the  Isoptera 
rose  from  cockroach-like  forms  and  "subsequently  developed  a 
complex  social  organization."  In  observing  cockroaches  inti- 
mately for  a  number  of  years  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that 
termites  did  not  subsequently  develope  a  complex  social  organi- 
zation, as  Imms  says,  but  that  many  of  the  features  of  social 
behavior  which  they  possess  were  handed  down  to  them  from 
their  ancestors,  the  cockroaches.  Certain  characteristics  of 
termite  behavior  were  already  evident  in  cockroaches  long  be- 
fore termites  came  upon  the  earth,  and  my  attention  was 
especially  attracted  to  this  problem  when  I  found  two  species 
of  domiciliary  cockroaches  mixing  bits  of  wood,  grains  of 
sand,  fecal  pellets,  or  chunks  of  soil  with  the  glutinous  secre- 
tions of  the  mouth  and  applying  the  mixture  to  egg-cases, 
thereby  completely  disguising  them.-  Now  termites  have  the 
habit  of  using  similar  mixtures  for  nest  building  and  nest 
repairing  and  since  this  habit  was  evidently  inherited  from  the 
cockroaches  I  thought  perhaps  that  the  gathering  of  additional 
data  on  how  other  species  of  cockroaches  treat  the  egg-cases 
would  throw  some  phylogenetic  light  on  the  subject. 

I  found  that  the  two  species  alluded  to,  Blatta  orientalis  and 
Periplancta  americana,  glue  bits  of  surrounding  material  to 
the  egg-case;  Periplancta  australasiae3  also  covers  the  egg-case 

1  Recent  advances  in  Entomology;  p.  85,  86,   1931. 

2  Ent.  News  51:   186-187,  1940;  also  article  soon  to  appear  in  Annals 
Ent.  Soc.  Amer. 

3  Rau,  Jungle  Bees  and  Wasps  of  Barro  Colorado  Island  P.  196,  1933. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  257 

in  the  same  way.  Two  species  of  wood-roaches  in  Missouri, 
Parcoblatta  virginica  (unrecorded  observation)  and  Parco- 
blatta  pennsyh'anica  (Ent.  News  51:6,  1940)  do  not  cover  the 
egg-cases  but  drop  them  as  they  are  in  galleries  in  rotten  wood 
or  under  loose  bark.  The  wood-eating  roach,  Cryptoccrcus 
punctulatus*  cuts  a  groove  in  the  wood,  deposits  the  egg-case 
and  seals  it  up  so  completely,  that  only  one  end  is  visible. 

In  the  German  cockroach,  Blattclla  germanica,  the  period  of 
incubation  is  much  reduced,  and  also  the  egg-cases  are  carried 
for  a  longer  time;  the  result  is  that  often  an  egg-case  gives 
forth  its  young  while  it  is  still  being  carried  about  by  the 
mother5.  The  hatching  of  the  eggs  while  the  egg-purse  is  pro- 
truding from  the  mother's  body  is  apparently  a  step  toward  the 
viviparous  habit  in  cockroaches,  and  we  have  in  the  species 
Panchlora  viridis  an  example  of  a  cockroach  that  gives  birth 
to  its  young  alive;  of  P.  viridis  Sharp  says  (Insects,  Pt.  1, 
229,  1895)  the  egg-case  is  either  wanting  or  present  only  in  a 

very  imperfect  form. 

We  may  note  that  the  examples  given  thus  far  show  the 
tendency  of  cockroaches  to  cover  the  egg-cases,  to  seal  them 
up  in  a  groove,  to  drop  them  loosely  without  cover,  to  carry 
them  about  until  the  eggs  hatch  from  the  protruding  egg-case, 
and  lastly  to  dispensing  entirely  with  the  egg-case  in  the 
viviparous  species.  Dispensing  with  the  egg-case  and  dropping 
the  eggs  singly  is  the  usual  method  of  oviposition  in  termites; 
but  even  this  method  was  anticipated  by  the  cockroach  for 
Gould  and  Deay5  (p.  5)  find  that,  during  the  latter  part  of 
their  lives,  the  females  of  the  American  cockroach  often  "de- 
posit eggs  entirely  unprotected  by  any  trace  of  a  capsule",  and 
also  there  are  indications  that  certain  fossil  Blattidae  of  Car- 
boniferous did  not  make  egg-capsules,  but  deposited  the  eggs 
singly  in  trees  (Sharp,  loc.  cit.,  p.  239).  While  these  t\v» 

'Cleveland,  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sci.  17:    (2)    185-342,   1934. 
5  Gould  and   Deay,    Bull.   451,    Purdue   Univ.   Agri.    Exp.    Station   pp. 
15-16,  1940. 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

unusual  examples  are  very  similar  to  the  habit  of  termites  in 
depositing  their  eggs  singly,  we  have  on  the  other  hand  a 
habit  of  oviposition  in  certain  primitive  termites,  Mastotermes 
darwniniensis,  which  resembles  very  much  the  egg-laying  habits 
of  cockroaches.  Snycler0  states  that  this  species  has  an  egg- 
mass  similar  to  the  egg-capsule  of  cockroaches,  "the  individual 
termite  eggs  are  firmly  cemented  together  by  a  light  brown 
gelatinous  secretion  which  fills  the  insterstices  between  the  eggs." 
The  fact  that  M.  dan^hiicusis  is  a  primitive  species  makes  its 
egg-laying  habits  all  the  more  interesting  as  a  connecting  link 
to  the  cockroach. 

There  are  other  patterns  in  cockroach  behavior  which  par- 
allel termite  behaviour  or  anticipate  it ;  for  example,  Snyder 
tells  us  that  in  the  wings  of  certain  primitive  cockroaches,  a 
break  occurs  similar  to  the  humeral  suture  or  line  of  weakness 
near  the  base  of  the  termite  wing,  where  the  wing  breaks  off 

after  the  colonizing  flight.  He  also  tells  us  that  the  large  wing- 
less brown  roach,  Cryptocerus  f>nnctiihitns  leads  a  sub-social 
life  in  partly  decayed  logs,  where  the  wood  serves  both  as 
shelter  and  food.  And  finally,  as  if  flying  directly  into  the 
arms  of  termite  behavior,  we  have  a  cockroach — an  Australian 
species  belonging  to  the  genus  Paucstliia — 7  which  "lives  in 
burrows  in  the  soil  in  strict  family  communities,  each  of  which 
consists  of  an  adult  male,  a  viviparous  female,  and  from  ten 
to  twenty  of  their  larval  progeny  in  various  stages  of  growth, 
*****  and  soon  after  reaching  maturity  the  adults  bite  off 

their  own  tegmina  and  wings,  for  these  organs  are  inconven- 
ient for  inhabiting  the  burrow"-— and  this,  I  may  say  in  pass- 
ing, is  about  as  far  as  a  cockroach  may  dare  go — without 
actually  becoming  a  termite. 

To  conclude  then,  this  little  review  indicates  that  cockroach 
behavior  in  many  of  its  aspects  is  the  forerunner  of  termite 

6  Our  Enemy  the  Termite,  pp.   lf>-17,   1935. 

7  Tillyard,   Insects  of   Australia  and   New   Zealand,   p.   92,    1926. 


lii,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  259 

behavior  and  that  the  termites  themselves  are  not  responsible 
for  the  development  of  all  of  the  complex  traits  of  their  social 
behavior — but  much  of  it  has  been  handed  down  to  them  from 
their  Blattoid  ancestors.  This  outline,  however,  is  suggestive 
rather  than  exhaustive  and  future  research  will,  I  am  sure, 
supply  many  of  the  connecting  links  and  strengthen  many  of 
the  weak  places  in  the  phylogenetic  scheme. 

I  may  mention  in  passing,  Dr.  Wheeler's  contention8  that 
the  historical  and  comparative  method  "still  has  much  to 
offer  in  the  study  of  behavior,  although  it  has  fallen  into  un- 
deserved disuse,  and  even  disrepute  among  laboratory  biolo- 
gists." 


INSECT  PESTS  OF  FARM,  GARDEN  AND  ORCHARD.  By 
LEONARD  M.  PEAIRS.  New  York,  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  Inc., 
1941.  $4.00.— In  1912,  Dr.  E.  Dwight  Sanderson  published 
the  first  edition  of  this  work,  which  met  with  such  well  de- 
served success  that  he,  with  the  coauthorship  of  Dr.  Peairs, 
had  to  revise  it  for  two  more  editions.  The  present  edition  is 
the  fourth  and  from  which,  as  coauthor,  Dr.  Sanderson  had  to 
withdraw.  Although  the  general  format  of  the  former  edi- 
tions has  been  retained  in  the  present  one  the  subject  matter  is 
presented  in  a  much  improved  manner,  making  a  more  com- 
prehensive work,  better  serving  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
published,  i.  e.,  as  a  text  book  for  agriculturists  and  students 
of  economic  entomology.  The  contents  are  divided  into  chap- 
ters on:  1,  Structure  and  Development;  2,  Classification;  3-5, 
Control:  climatic,  biological,  mechanical,  cultural  and  chem- 
ical; 6-19,  Insects  injurious  to  various  crops  and  fruits;  with 
the  last  two  on  insects  injurious  to  stored  products  and  on  those 
injurious  to  man  and  domestic  animals.  It  contains  523  pages 
including  the  index,  and  648  illustrations.  The  illustrations, 
with  few  exceptions  are  good  and  satisfactorily  delineate  the 
subjects.  On  the  whole,  a  work  that  should  find  a  useful  place 
on  the  desk  of  all  economic  entomologists  and  should  be  a 
valuable  consulting  work  for  the  practical  agriculturist. — E.  T. 
CRESSON. 

8  Essays  in  Philosophical  Biology,  p.  52,   1939. 


260  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    L.   S.    MACKEY   and    R.    G.    SCHMIEDER, 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in    the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Abbott,  C.  E. — The  sensory  basis  of  court- 
ship. [6]  49:  217-220.  Anon.  Arthur  Paul  Jacot.  [39]  24: 
43-47.  Balch,  R.  E. — The  climate  of  the  Maritime  Prov- 
inces. [4]  73 :  139.  Bates,  M. — Laboratory  observations 
on  the  sexual  behavior  of  anopheline  mosquitos.  [42]  86: 
153-174.  Bruch,  C. — Miscelaneas  entomologicas.  [Notas 
Mus.  de  la  Plata]  6:  157-171,  ill.  Buxton,  P.  A.— A  map 
projection  of  biological  interest.  [107]  16:34,  ill.  Chamber- 
lin,  W.  J. — Entomological  Nomenclature  and  Literature. 
Michigan.  1941.  103  pp.  deLeon,  D. — Some  observations 
on  Forest  Entomology  in  Puerto  Rico.  [Caribbean  For- 
ester] 2:  160-163.  Diakonoff,  A. — Het  paramount-kaart- 
systeem  ten  dienste  van  de  entomologie.  [102]  7:  34-40. 
Essig,  E.  O. — Bibliographv  of  entomological  publications 
of  Charles  William  Woodworth.  [12]  34:  595-596.  Itin- 
erary of  Lord  Walsingham  in  California  and  Oregon,  1871- 
1872.  [55]  17:  97-113',  ill.  Fichter,  E.— Apparatus  for  the 
comparison  of  soil  surface  Arthropod  populations.  [841  22: 
338-339,  ill.  Grier,  M.  C.— Oceanography  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Bering  Sea  and  Bering-  Strait:  a  contribution 
toward  a  bibliography.  [Univ.  Washington  Publ.]  2:  160. 
Hatch,  M.  H. — The  logical  basis  of  the  species  concept. 
[90]  75:  193-212.  Hickin,  N.  E.— Methods  used  in  rearing 
small  insects  infesting  stored  food  products.  [107]  16:  35- 
38,  ill.  Hovanitz,  W. — Parallel  ecogenotypical  color  varia- 
tion in  butterflies.  [84]  22:  259-284,  ill.  Porter,  L.  C.— 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  261 

What  kinds  of  light  attract  night  flying  insects  most? 
Least?  [General  Electric  Rev.]  44:  310-313,  ill.  Snapp,  O. 
I. — History  of  the  cotton  states  branch  of  the  American 
Association  of  Economic  Entomologists.  [12]  34:  485— 
Wade,  J.  S.— Obituary  Lee  Abram  Strong.  [12]  34:  479- 
480,  ill.  Whelan,  D.  B.— The  role  of  plastics  in  the  field 
of  entomology.  [103]  14:  73-84.  Young,  F.  N. — A  correc- 
tion. [39]  24:'31. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bodenstein,  D.- 

Investigations  on  the  problem  of  metamorphosis.  Yll.  Fur- 
ther studies  on  the  determination  of  the  facet  number  in 
Drosophila    [42]    86:  87-112.  VIII.   Leg  determination   87: 
31-54.    Brehme,  K.  S. — The  growth  of  transplanted  minute 
and    wild-type    optic    disks    in    Drosophila    melanogaster 
[Growth]    5:   183-196.     Caspari,  E. — The  influence  of  low 
temperature    on    the    pupation    of    Ephestia    kiihniella.    Z. 
[42]  321-332.    Classey,  E.  W. — The  Breck :  an  excerpt  from 
a  lepidopterist's  diary,  with  notes  on  light.  [9]  74:  171-173. 
Day,  M.  F. — Pigment  migration  in  the  eyes  of  the  moth, 
Ephestia  kiihniella  Z.  [92]  80:  275-291,  ill     Dethier,  V.  G. 
-The  function  of  the  antennal  receptors  in  lepidopterous 
larvae.  [92]  80:  403-414,  ill.     Chemical  factors  determining 
the  choice  of  food  plants  by  Papilio  larvae   [90]   75:  61-75. 
Gjullin,  Hegarty  &  Bollen. — The  necessity  of  a  low  oxygen 
concentration    for   the   hatching   of   Aedes    mosquito   eg£rs. 
[Jour.  Cell.  &  Comj).  Physiol.]   17:  193-202.     Hinton,  H.  E. 
—Notes  on  the  internal  anatomy  and   immature  stages  of 
Mucetophagus  quadripustulatus  (Mycetophagid.).  [107]  16: 
39-48,    ill.      Krogh   &   Zeuthen— -Th'e    mechanism    of   flight 
preparation   in   some   insects.    [Jour.   Exp.   Biol.]    18:    1-10. 
Kuhn,    A. — Zur    Entwicklungsphysiologie    der    Schmel 
lingsschuppen.  [97]  61  :  109-147,  ill.     Pearl,  Park  &  Miner. 
-Experimental  studies  on  the  duration  of  life.  XVI.  Life 
tables  for  the  flour  beetle  Tribolium  confusum  D.  [93]   ', 
5-19.      Rosenblad,    L.    E. — Description    of    ejaculatory 
rliverticula  in   certain   Drosophilinac.    [90]    75:  285-288    ill. 
Schneider,  B.  A. — The  nutritional   requirements  of  Tribol- 
ium   confusum    Dnval     \<>2\    80:    208-227.      Stanley,    J.- 
mathematical   theory  of  the  growth  of  populations  of  the 
flour  beetle  Tribolium  confusum  Duv.  IV.   [84] 
Stern,  C. — The  growth  of  testes  in  Drosophila.  L  The  re 
lation   between  vas  defcrens  and   testis   in   various 
IT.  The  nature  of  interspecific  differences   [42]  87:  113  159. 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Bingham,  M.  L. 

—A  note  on  the  bionomics  of  Ixodes  ricinus.  [116]  33:  316- 
319.  Chamberlin,  R.  V. — New  western  millipeds.  [Bull. 
Univ.  of  Utah]  31:  23  pp.,  ill.  New  genera  and  species  of 
American  lithobiid  centipeds.  [Bull.  Univ.  of  Utah]  31:  23 
pp.  Three  new  centipeds  of  the  genus  Cryptops.  [13]  33: 
41-43.  Chamberlin  &  Ivie. — Spiders  collected  by  L.  W. 
Saylor  and  others,  mostly  in  California.  [Bull.  Univ. 
Utah]  31:  49  pp.,  ill.  Gerhard,  W.  J.— The  mite  and  tick 
menace.  [Field  Mus.  News]  12:  p.  4,  ill.  Hixson,  H. — A 
suicide  host.  [39]  24:  34.  Lundblad,  O. — Die  Hydracarin- 
enfauna  Sudbrasiliens  und  Paraguays.  [Kongl.  Sv.  Vet. 
Akad.  Handlingar]  19:  183  pp.,  ill.  'de  Mello-Leitao,  C- 
Las  Aranas.  [Univ.  Nac.  de  la  Plata]  2:  99-198,  ill.  Rad- 
ford,  C.  D. — Notes  on  some  new  species  of  parasitic  mites. 
[116]  33:  306-315,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Banks,  N. 

—Some  new  and  interesting  Neuroptera  in  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History.  [40]  No.  1143:  5  pp.  Bern- 
er,  L. — Ovoviviparous  mayflies  in  Florida.  [39]  24:  32-34. 
Holway,  R.  T. — Tube-building  habits  of  the  eastern  sub- 
terranean termite.  [12]  34:  389-394,  ill.  Ide,  F.  P.— May- 
flies of  two  tropical  genera,  Lachlania  and  Campsurus,  from 
Canada  with  descriptions.  [4]  73:  153-156.  (*).  MacLeod 
&  Craufurd-Benson. — Observations  on  natural  populations 
of  the  body  louse,  Pediculus  humanus  corporis.  [116]  33: 
278-299,  ill.  Nutman,  S.  R. — Function  of  the  ventral  tube 
in  Onychiurus  armatus  (Collembola).  [31]  148:  168-169. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Breland,  O.  P.— Notes  on  the  biolojrv 
of  Stagmomantis  Carolina  (Mantid.).  [19]  36:  170-177. 
Flock,  R.  A. — Biological  control  of  the  brown-banded 
roach.  [19]  36:  178-181.  Hebard,  M.— The  group  Ptero- 
phyllae  as  found  in  the  United  States  (Tettigoniid.).  [1] 
67:  197-219.  ill.  de  Mello-Leitao,  C. — Dos  nuevas  especies 
de  Cephalocoema  (Proscop.).  [Notas  Mus.  de  la  Plata]  6: 
141-145.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G. — On  new  and  previously  known 
species  of  Pneumoridae.  [1]  67:  137-159,  ill.  "Tuck  & 
Smith. — Identification  of  the  eggs  of  midwestern  grasshop- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  263 

pers  by  the  chorionic  sculpturing-.  [Kansas  Agric.  Exp. 
Sta.]  Tech.  Bull.  No.  48:  39  pp.,  ill.  Urquhart,  F.  A.—The 
species  of  Nemobius  in  Ontario.  [Can.  Field  Nat.]  55:  80- 
82.  (k).  Watson,  J.  R. — Migrations  and  food  preferences 
of  the  lubberly  locust.  [39J  24:  40-42.  Zeuner,  F.  E.- 
The  classification  of  the  Decticinae  hitherto  included  in 
Platycleis  or  Metrioptera.  [36]  91:  50  pp.,  ill.  (*). 

HEMIPTERA.— China,  W.  E.— Genotype  fixations  in 
Hemiptera  Heteroptera.  [107]  10:  130.  Doering,  K.  C.- 
A  revision  of  two  genera  of  North  American  Cercopidae. 
[103]  14:  102-108,  cont.-  (k).  Drake,  C.  J.— Three  new 
American  Tingitidae.  [55]  17:  139-141.  Gorham,  R.  P.- 
An  early  record  of  aphid  flight.  [4]  73:  136.  Islas,  F.- 
Desarrollo  y  caracteres  morfologicos  de  Triatoma  picturata. 
[112]  12:  311-326,  ill.  Pelaez,'  D.— Estudios  sobre  Mem- 
bracidos.  [112]  12:  327-344,  ill.  [Rev.  Soc.  Mexicana  Hist. 
Nat.]  2:  51-67,  ill.  Sailer,  R.  I.— A  new  species  of  Thyreo- 
corine  from  Mexico.  [103]  14:  90-91,  ill.  de  la  Torre- 
Bueno,  J.  R. — A  synopsis  of  the  Hemiptera-Heteroptera  of 
America  North  of  Mexico.  [70]  21:  41-122.  (k).  Usinger, 
R.  L.— The  genus  Oechalia  (Pentatomidae)  [37]  11:  59-93, 
ill.  A  remarkable  immigrant  Leptopodid  in  California. 
[19]  36:  164-165.  Wood/S.  F.— Notes  on  the  distribution 
and  habits  of  reduviid  vectors  of  Chagas'  disease  in  the 
southwest  United  States.  (Reduviid.).  [55]  17:  115-118. 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Barber,  G.  W. — Observations  on  the 
egg  and  newly  hatched  larva  of  the  corn  ear  worm  on  corn 
silk.  [12]  34:  451-456.  Bell,  E.  L. — New  species  of  neotrop- 
ical Hesperidae.  [40]  No.  1125:  10  pp..  ill.  Burdick,  W.  N. 

—A  new  race  of  Parnassius  smintheus  from  the  Olvmpic 
Mountains  of  Washington  [4]  73:  117-118,  ill.  Clark,  A. 
H. — Notes  on  the  American  representatives  of  the  butter- 
fly genus  Argynnis.  [91]  31:  381-384.  Clarke,  J.  F.  G.- 
The  preparation  of  slides  of  the  genitalia  of  Lepidoptera. 
[19]  36:  149-161,  ill.  Comstock  &  Dammers. — Ctenucha 
bninnea  on  Santa  Rosa  Island.  [38]  40:  11-12,  ill.  Dethier, 
V.  G.— (See  under  Anatomy.)  Evans,  W.  H.— The  resting 
positions  of  butterflies.  [107]  16:  33.  Franclemont,  L  G. 

—The  pulverulenta  group  of  the  genus  Pseudanarta  (Phal- 
aenid.).  [4|  73:  132-136.  ill.  Freeman,  T.  N.— New  species 
of  Canadian  Lepidoptera.  [4|  73:  123-127,  ill.  Griffin  & 
Griffin-Gillen. — The  terminology  used  by  Jacob  TTubncr. 

[107]   16:  49-54.     Hall,  A.— Catalogue  of"  the  Lepidoptera 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

rhopalocera  of  British  Guiana.  [Brit.  Guiana  Dept.  Agric.] 
Ent.  Bull.  No.  3:  88  pp.,  ill.  Hoffmann,  C.  C.— Lepidop- 
teros  nuevos  de  Mexico.  [112]  12:  231-235,  ill.  Catalogo 
de  los  Lepidopteros  mexicanos.  |112]  12:  237-294.  Hovan- 
itz,  W. —  (See  under  General.)  Kiihn,  A. —  (See  under  An- 
atomy.) Marsh,  F.  L. — A  few  life  history  details  of  Samia 
cecropia  within  the  southwestern  limits  of  Chicago.  [84] 
22:  331,  ill.  Martin  &  Houser. — Numbers  of  Heliothis  arm- 
igera  and  two  other  moths  captured  at  light  traps.  [12]  34: 
555-559,  ill.  Richards,  A.  G.,  Jr. — The  genus  Arugisa  in 
the  United  States,  with  the  description  of  a  new  species 
(Phalaenid.).  [40]  No.  1114:  4  pp.,  ill.  Tilden  &  Mansfield. 
—Some  observations  and  captures  of  California  lepidop- 
tera.  [55]  17:  113-114,  cont.  Vazquez,  L. — Estudio  mono- 
grafico  de  las  Psychidae  de  Mexico.  [112]  12:  295-310,  ill. 
(*). 

DIPTERA.— Alexander,  C.  P.— New  or  little-known  Tip- 
ulidae  Neotropical  species.  [75]  8:  105-132,  ill.  Ayroza- 
Galvao  &  Coutinho. — Contribuicao  ao  estudo  dos  Fleboto- 
mos  df)  estado  de  Sao  Paulo,  Phlebotomus  sallesi  no.  sp. 
(Psichodid.).  [Arq.  Hig.  e  Saude  Publ.]  5:  15-27,  ill  Bates, 
M. —  (See  under  General.)  Bigharn,  J.  T. — Hippelates  (eye 
gnat)  investigations  in  the  southeastern  states.  [12]  34: 
439-444.  Bohart,  G.  E. — A  review  of  the  genus  Physoceph- 
ala  of  the  western  United  States.  (Conopid.)  [55]  17:  141- 
144.  Coutinho,  J.  O. — Observances  sobre  algumas  especies 
de  flebotomus  com  a  descricao  do  Macho  de  Phlebotomus 
lloydi-Antunes,  1937.  [Arq. 'Hig.  e  Saude  Publ.]  5:  31-41, 
ill.  Curran,  C.  H. — Some  new  species  of  Mallophora  ( Asil- 
idae).  [6]  49:  269-284.  New  American  Syrphidae.  [62]  78: 
243-304.  (k).  New  neotropical  Tachinidae.  [40]  No.  1113: 
5  pp.  (k).  Harmston  &  Knowlton. — New  species  of  Her- 
costomus  from  western  North  America  (Dolichopodid). 
[4]  73:  127-132,  ill.  New  western  Dolichopodidae.  [103] 
14:  92-97,  ill.  Hull,  F.  M. — Some  new  species  of  Syrphi- 
dae. [19]  36:  166-168.  Mallis  &  Pence.— The  Pacific' drain 
fly  in  homes.  [12]  34:  586,  ill.  Philip,  C.  B.— Notes  on  ne- 
arctic  Tabaninae,  Part  II.  Tabanus  and  Hybomitra.  [4]  73: 
142-153.  Richards,  A.  G.,  Jr. — Differentiation  between 
toxic  and  suffocating  effects  of  petroleum  oils  on  larvae  of 
the  house  mosquito  (Culex  pipiens).  [1]  67:  161-196.  ill 
da  Silva  Ramos  &  Unti. — Notas  snbrc  os  anofelinos  de  Sao 
Vicente  e  suas  imeda^oes.  [Arq.  Hig.  e  Saude  Publ.]  5:  53- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  265 

58,  ill.  Simmons  &  Dove. — Breeding  places  of  the  stable- 
fly  or  "Dog-  Fly"  Stomoxys  calcitrans  in  northwestern 
Florida.  [12]  34:  457-462.  Snyder,  F.  M.— Contribution  to 
a  revision  of  neotropical  Mydaeini.  [40J  No.  1134:  22  pp. 
(k*).  Vargas,  L. — Anopheles  pseudopunctipennis  willardi 
n.  var.  (Culicid.).  [Rev.  Soc.  Mexicana  Hist.  Nat.]  2:  47-49. 
Simulium  lane-portoi  n.  n.  y  lista  de  simulidos  mexicanos 
[Rev.  Inst.  Salubrid.  y  Enferm.  Trop.]  2:  115-122.  Apli- 
cacion  taxonomica  de  tin  metodo  estadistico.  [Rev.  Inst. 
Salubrid.  y  Enferm.  Trop.]  2:  123-128,  ill.  Webber,  R.  T. 
—Synopsis  of  the  Tachinid  flies  of  the  genus  Tachinomyia, 
with  descriptions  of  new  species.  [50]  90:  287-303.  (k). 

COLEOPTERA.— Baker,  W.  C.— Type  of  wood  pre- 
ferred by  Coleoptera  commonly  found  in  decadent  parts  of 
living  elm  trees.  [12]  34:  475-476.  Balthasar,  V.— Eine 
reihe  von  neuen  coprophagen  Scarabaeiden.  [2]  37:  84-93. 
Banninger,  M. — Bestimmungstabelle  der  sudamerikanisch- 
en  formen  des  subg.  Taeniolobus  (Carab.).  [2]  37:  65-78. 
Barr,  W.  F. — New  distributional  records  of  Paratyndaris 
(Buprestid.).  [19]  36:  168-169.  Bianchi,  F.  A.— Remark- 
able longevity  of  a  Pyrophorus  larva.  [37]  11:  38-39. 
Blackwelder,  R.  E. — A  monograph  of  the  genus  Trigonurus 
(Staphylinid.).  [40]  No.  1124:  13  pp.  Bryson,  H.  R.— The 
occurrence  in  Kansas  of  the  sugar-cane  rootstock  weevil, 
Anacentrinus  deplantus  (Curculionid.).  [103]  14:  84-90,  ill. 
Calhoun,  P.  W. — Topping  cotton  in  early  fall  as  a  possible 
means  of  reducing  the  spring  boll  weevil  population  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  the  Florida  Sea  Island  Cotton  Belt. 
[39]  24:  35-40.  Chamberlin  &  Seaton.— Proportion  of  the 
sexes  in  June  beetles  in  Wisconsin.  [12]  34:  467.  Fender, 
D.— Notes  on  Cantharis  (Cantharid.).  |55]  17:  126-129,  ill. 
Heikertinger  &  Csiki. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  166. 
Chrysomelidae:  Halticinae.  336  pp.  Hinton,  H.  E. — A  mon- 
ographic revision  of  the  Mexican  water  beetles  of  the  fam- 
ily Elmidae.  [71]  42:  217-396,  ill.  A  synopsis  of  the  Ameri- 
can specie  of  Austrolimnius  (Elmidae).  [8]  77:  156-163, 
ill.  (k*s).  Kleine,  R. — Genera  Insectorum.  Fasc.  207. 
Coleoptera  Fam.  Brenthidae.  197  pp.,  ill.  Lane,  M.  C.— 
Three  new  Elateridae  from  the  Pacific  northwest.  [55]  17: 
133-139,  ill.  Leech,  H.  B. — Descriptions  of  two  new  species 
of  water  beetles  of  the  genus  Hydroporus  from  California. 
(Dytiscid.).  [55]  17:  129-132.  ill.  Malkin,  B.— Triachus 
vacuus.  [19]  36:  183.  Additions  to  New  Jersey  State  List 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

of  Coleoptera.  [6]  49:  285-291.  Pieltain,  C.  B.— Estudio  de 
un  Trechus  alpino  nuevo  del  Nevado  de  Toluca,  Mexico. 
[Rev.  Soc.  Mexicana  Hist.  Nat.]  2:  39-46,  ill.  Pierce,  W. 
D. — A  Strepsipterous  parasite  of  a  leaf  hopper,  with  de- 
scriptions of  related  species  from  the  same  host  genus. 
[38]  40:  1-10,  ill.  (*).  Pinckney  &  Stitt.— Tests  of  species 
and  varieties  of  vetch  for  resistance  to  the  vetch  bruchid. 
[U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Circ.  No.  617:  5  pp.  Reinhard,  H.  J. 
-The  life  history  of  Phyllophaga  tristis  and  allied  forms. 
[12]  34:  526-532.  Sayldr,  L.  W.— Five  new  Guatemalan 
scarab  beetles  of  the  genus  Phyllophaga.  [91]  31:  384-388. 
Schenkling,  S. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  170.  Index 
generalis.  502  pp.  Schenkling  &  Marshall. — Coleopterorum 
Catalogus  Pars.  168.  Curculionidae:  Addenda.  14  pp. 
Thomas,  C.  A. — The  Elateridae  of  Pennsylvania.  [6]  49: 
233-263.  Timofeeff-Ressovsky,  H.  A.— See  under  Anat. 
Oct.)  Voss,  E. — Coleopterotum  Catalogus.  Pars  167.  Cur- 
culionidae: Rhynchitinae  II,  Allocoryninae,  Pterocolinae. 
57-130  pp.  White,  B.  E. — A  new  Nodonota  with  a  key  to 
the  United  States  species  (Chrysomelid.).  [19]  36:  162-164. 
Williams,  R.  W. — Notes  on  the  bionomics  of  the  milkweed 
beetle  Tetraopes  tetrophthalmus.  [14]  73:  137-139.  Young, 
F.  N. — Bidessus  rogersi,  new  water  beetle  from  Florida. 
[39]  24:  29-31,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Banks,  N.— A  partition  of  our 
Cryptochilus,  with  some  new  Psammocharidae.  [4]  73 : 
119-122,  ill.  Bequaert,  J. — Pseudodynerus,  a  neotropical 
complex  of  Eumenine  wasps  (Vespid.).  [40]  No.  1106:  10 
pp..  ill.  (k*).  Blanchard,  E.  E. — Una  especie  nueva  de 
Apanteles  Parasito  de  Melittia  bergi.  [Notas  Mus.  de  la 
Plata]  6:  153-155.  ill.  Bugbee,  E.  E.— A  new  species  of  the 
Eurytoma  rhois  complex  from  the  seeds  of  Schmaltzia  tri- 
lobata  (Eurytomid.)  [103]  14:  98-102,  ill.  Gahan,  A.  B.- 
A  revision  of  the  chalcid-flies  of  the  genus  Monodontomerus 
in  the  United  States  National  Museum.  [50]  90:  461-482. 
Hetrick,  L.  A. — Life  history  studies  of  Neodiprion  ameri- 
canum.  [12]  34:  373-377,  ill'  Lafleur,  L.  J.— Civil  disturb- 
ances in  ant  communities.  [6]  49:  225-231.  Michener,  C.  D. 
—A  synopsis  of  the  genus  Trachusa  with  notes  on  the  nest- 
ing habits  of  T.  perdita.  (Megachilid.).  [55]  17:  119-125. 
Niblett,  M. — Notes  on  the  Cynipid  genera  Cynips,  Bior- 
hiza  and  Megaptera.  [9]  74:  153-157.  Pate,  V/S.  L.— Two 
new  species  of  sphecoid  wasps  from  Trinidad.  [Notulae 
Naturae]  No.  91 :  8  pp.  Richards,  O.  W. — The  classifica- 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  267 

tion  of  the  genus  Mischocyttarus  (Vespid.).  [107]  10:  124- 
130.  (k*).  Weber,  N.  A. — Notes  on  the  effect  of  drouth  up- 
on the  nesting  habits  of  ants.  [4]  73:  140-141. 


GENERIC  RELATIONSHIPS  OF  THE  DOLICHOPODIDAE  (Diptera), 
BASED  ON  A  STUDY  OF  THE  MOUTH  PARTS,  by  Sister  MARY 
BERTHA  CREGAN,  R.  S.  M.,  Illinois  Biological  Monographs, 
Vol.  XVIII,  No.  1.  The  University  of  Illinois  Press.  Urbana, 
Illinois,  1941.  Pp.  37,  30  plates  ',  193  figs.  $1.00— In  her 
paper  of  the  above  title  the  author  has  proposed  a  generic 
arrangement  of  the  American  Dolichopodidae.  Object  of  the 
study  was,  to  quote,  '"To  ascertain  if  the  groupings  of  the 
American  genera  on  the  basis  of  mouthparts  would  conform 
to  those  of  Langhoffer."  Mouthpart  structure  was  the  basis 
upon  which  Langhoffer  established  a  generic  arrangement  in 
the  Old  World  Dolichopodidae.  In  addition  to  her  own  con- 
clusions, the  author  gives  a  very  "meaty"  summarization  of 
studies  and  observations  made  by  earlier  entomologists  on  the 
food  habits,  characteristics  and  habitats  of  this  family.  Four 
distinct  types  of  mouthparts  were  found  to  occur  among  the 
thirty-two  genera  studied.  They  have  been  designated  by 
Sister  Cregan  as:  (1)  the  labralate  type;  (2)  the  epipharyn- 
geal  two-prong  type;  (3)  the  epipharyngeal  four-prong  type; 
and  (4)  the  epipharyngeal  plate  type.  The  193  freehand  draw- 
ings illustrate  both  complete  mouth  units  and  individual  struc- 
tures in  the  various  genera  studied.  Commonly  used  entomo- 
logical terms  are  employed  throughout.  Mouthparts  were  pre- 
pared for  study  by  being  run  through  the  potassium  hydroxide, 
water,  alcohol,  xylol  and  glycerine  series.  The  four  main  types 
are  further  divided,  on  the  basis  of  structural  characteristics 
in  the  epipharyngeal  armature  and  pseudotrachea,  into  twelve 
groups  of  genera,  which,  as  the  author  states,  "may  be  con- 
sidered as  subfamilies  although  not  so  named  here."  The 
author  has  ascribed  real  importance  to  trophi  structure  as  a 
means  for  generic  classification,  whereas,  with  the  exception  of 
Langhoffer,  other  systematists  of  the  Dolichopodidae  appar- 
ently gave  little  consideration  to  such  structures.  The  phylo- 
genetic  arrangement  of  genera  into  subfamilies  as  proposed"  by 
Sister  Cregan  does  not,  in  several  instances,  agree  with  the 
earlier  system  of  Langhoffer,  which  likewise  was  based  upon 
tnouthpart  structure,  nor  with  those  of  Aldrich,  Becker  and 
Lundbeck,  which  were  based  upon  external  characters.  In 
passing  it  should  be  noted,  however,  that  in  respect  to  many 


268  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

genera  the  earlier  classifications  do  not  agree  among  them- 
selves. Regardless  of  the  value  which  different  investigators 
may  attach  to  Sister  Cregan's  classification,  her  paper  should 
pro've  to  he  a  valuable  reference  for  anyone  contemplating  a 
comprehensive  study  of  Diptera  mouthparts. — FRED  C.  HARMS- 
TON. 


OBITUARY 

Postamtmann  i:  R.  M.  P.  RIEDEL  died  on  March  27,  1941, 
following  a  long  illness,  at  Frankfurt  am  Oder,  Germany.  He 
was  horn  on  February  19,  1870,  and  was  thus  in  his  72nd 
year.  Riedel  was  a  distinguished  student  of  the  Diptera,  par- 
ticularly of  the  Tipulidae,  having  published  numerous  papers 
on  the  Australian,  Oriental,  Ethiopian,  Neotropical  and  west- 
ern Palaearctic  faunas.  He  is  survived  by  his  widow,  Mar- 
garete  Weidefeld  Riedel,  and  a  daughter,  Gertrud  Riedel 
Kloeckner.  The  words  "Postamtmann  i.  R."  preceding  the 
name  refer  to  his  being  a  retired  officer  of  the  German  Postal 
Service. — C.  P.  ALEXANDER. 


Science  for  July  4,  1941,  announced  the  death  of  ALEX- 
ANDRE  ARSENE  GIRAULT  in  the  hospital  at  Brisbane,  Queens- 
land, Australia,  on  May  2.  He  was  born  at  Annapolis,  Mary- 
land, January  9,  1884,  received  the  B.S.  degree  from  Virginia 
Polytechnic  Institute  in  1903,  was  a  special  field  agent  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  1904-07,  and  was  connected 
with  the  office  of  the  State  Entomologist  of  Illinois,  1908-11. 
He  contributed  many  articles  to  the  NEWS  from  1900  to  1918, 
especially  in  1913-1918.  Many  of  these  dealt  with  the  parasitic 
Hymenoptera,  especially  the  Chalcioidea,  but  there  were  many 
observations  on  the  life  histories  and  biology  of  various  insects. 
Two  of  his  early  papers  were  bibliographies  of  entomological 
glossaries  (1905).  A  series  of  ten  Standards  of  the  number 
of  eggs  laid  by  insects,  being  averages  obtained  by  actual  count 
of  the  combined  eggs  from  20  depositions  or  masses,  ran  from 
1901  to  1914;  references  to  volume  and  page  numbers  will  be 
found  in  volume  25,  page  296.  Another  series  of  three  dealt 
with  the  number  of  eggs  laid  by  spiders  (1911-1914,  vols.  22, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  269 

24,  25). 

A  note  in  the  NEWS  for  October,  1911  (page  373)  an- 
nounces his  appointment  as  entomologist  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  of  Queensland,  and  his  papers  from  October  of 
that  year  to  January,  1915,  are  from  Brisbane  or  from  Xelson 
(Cairns).  That  of  February,  1915,  was  sent  from  Washing- 
ton, but  in  1916,  he  removed  to  Glenndale,  Maryland,  where 
he  was  when  the  last  of  his  NEWS  papers  (1918)  appeared. 
Subsequently  he  returned  to  Australia. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 

Prof.  CHARLES  BRANCH  WILSON  died  on  August  18,  1941, 
according  to  Science  for  August  29.  He  was  born  at  Exeter, 
Maine,  October  20,  1861,  and  received  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
(1881)  and  A.M.  (1883)  from  Colby  College  and  Ph.D. 
(1910)  from  Johns  Hopkins  University.  He  was  head  of  the 
department  of  Science  at  the  Massachusetts  State  Teachers 
College  at  Westfield,  1897-1932,  since  which  time  he  was 
emeritus  lecturer  there.  American  Men  of  Science,  from 
which  we  have  taken  many  of  these  data,  gives  a  fairly  long 
list  of  the  groups  of  animals  he  studied,  many  of  them  in 
connection  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries.  The 
only  insects  mentioned  are  water  beetles  and  dragonflies.  His 
papers  on  the  latter  deal  with  those  of  the  Mississippi  Valley 
(the  Mississippi  River  from  St.  Paul  to  Cairo,  Illinois,  the 
Ohio  from  Cairo  to  Paducah,  Kentucky,  and  the  Tennessee 
from  Paducah  to  Riverton,  Alabama:  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  36, 
1909),  the  Cumberland  Valley  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee 
(Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  43,  1912)  and  Jamaica  (Johns  Hopkins 
Univ.  Circ.,  Feb.,  1911).  A  more  extensive  paper,  abounding 
in  ecological  and  developmental  data,  is  that  on  dragonflies  and 
damselflies  in  relation  to  pondfish  culture  with  a  list  of  those 
found  near  Fairport,  Iowa  (Bull.  Bur.  Fisheries  36,  1920). 
Tliis  was  reviewed  and  criticised  by  Prof  J.  G.  Needham  in 
the  NEWS  for  January,  1921  (pp.  30-31).  A  later  paper  on 
the  macroplankton  of  Lake  Erie  (Bull.  Buffalo  Soc.  Nat.  Sci. 
14,  1929)  contains  a  very  brief  reference  to  insects. 

No   papers   by   Wilson   are   listed   in   the   bibliographies   in 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '41 

Leng's    Catalogue    of    the    Coleoptera    of    America    north    of 
Mexico,  or  in  the  four  supplements  thereto. 

My  personal  acquaintance  with  Prof.  Wilson  was  limited  to 
an  impromptu  dinner  of  odonatologists  at  the  Harvard  Club, 
Boston,  December  28,  1922,  arranged  by  the  late  Dr.  R. 
Heber  Howe,  in  connection  with  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science  meeting.  I  omitted  to  make  a 
record  of  all  those  who  were  present. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


Prof.  ELLISON  ADGER  SMYTH,  Jr.,  died  on  August  19,  ac- 
cording to  a  note  in  Science  for  August  29.  From  biograph- 
ical notices  in  IVho's  Who  in  America  and  in  American  Men 
of  Science  (fuller  in  the  former),  we  learn  that  he  was  born 
in  Summerton,  South  Carolina,  October  26,  1863,  received  the 
A.  B.  (1884)  and  the  A.  M.  (1887)  from  Princeton  and  the 
honorary  LL.D.,  from  the  University  of  Alabama  in  1906. 
He  was  adjunct  professor  of  biology  at  the  University  of 
South  Carolina,  1889-91  and  professor  of  biology  at  the  Vir- 
ginia Polytechnic  Institute  at,  Blacksburg,  1891-1925,  when 
he  retired.  A.  A.  Girault,  whose  death  we  also  announce  in 
this  issue,  must  have  come  in  contact  with  him  there.  We  re- 
call Prof.  Smyth  as  a  not  infrequent  visitor  to  the  late  Dr. 
Henry  Skinner,  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  eighteen  nineties  and  the  early  nineteen  hundreds, 
drawn  by  a  common  interest  in  the  Lepidoptera.  He  con- 
tributed eighteen  papers  and  notes  to  the  volumes  of  the 
NEWS  for  1895,  1899-1904,  1907,  1908,  1912,  and  1916.  They 
are  concerned  with  the  butterflies,  sphingids,  Catocalae  and  Dy- 
nastes  tityus  of  Montgomery  County,  Virginia,  within  which 
Blacksburg  lies,  butterflies  and  Allorliina  of  South  Carolina, 
life  histories  of  sphingids  and  descriptions  of  two  new  species 
from  Mexico,  a  sphinx,  Pliilampclus  clisa,  and  a  Morpho 
(1/ioosa}.  In  the  NEWS  for  May,  1908,  he  figured  and  briefly 
described  "Two  Freaks : — Papilib  ajax  and  Eudamus  tityrus." 
Nearly  twenty  years  later,  the  latter  was  "christened"  Eparc/y- 
rcits  iityrus  aberration  smythi  by  R.  C.  Williams,  Jr.  (Trans- 
actions, American  Entomological  Society  53:  262.  1927). 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 


EXCHANGES 

This   column   is   intended    only   for   wants   and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Air.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lyciclac  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Correio  1043,  Buenos  Aires, 
Rep.  Argentina. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidpptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes.  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jncunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 


PERU 


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I  deliver  at  moderate  prices  from  the  unexplored  primitive  Forest  of 
PERU:  Butterflies,  Beetles  (Ceramb.,  Curcul.  Scar,  etc.) ,  Odonata-Dragon- 
flies,  Orthoptera,  Hymenoptera,  Diptera,  etc,  in  first  class  quality. 

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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

DECEMBER,  1941      ^   ^ 

Vo\.  Lll  No.  10 


CONTENTS 

Williams — Notes  on  the  Bionomics  of  Ataxia  hubbardi  Fisher  in  Illinois 

(Coleop.:  Cerairbycidae) .     ...  ...  271 

Darlington — The    Insect    Collection    of    Thaddeus   W.    Harris    (1795- 

1856) ....  273 

Knight— A  Migratory  Flight  of  Phoebis  agarithe  Bd.  (Lepid.:  Pieridae)       274 

Prof.  Funkhouser  on  a  Collecting  Trip 275 

Forbes — What  is  Pseudomechanitis?   (Lepid.:  Nymphalidae) .       .    .  276 

Rau — Migrating    Butterflies,    Libythea   bachmanii    larvata    Stkr.,    in 

Texas.     (Lepid.:  Nymphalidae) . 
Hull — Some  New  Species  of  Syrphidae  from  Florida,  Cuba  and  Brazil 

(Diptera).    . 

Knull— A  New  Texas  Agrilus  (Coleoptera:  Buprestidae).    .  283 

Yellow  Fever  2fe4 

Ahrens—  Dragonflies  New  to  the  Mount  Desert  Island  Region,   Maine 

(Odonata) 285 

Abbott — Why  Does  Gyrinus  Circle?  (Coleoptera:  Gyrinidae)  . 

Leech — The  Dates  of  Publication  of  Two  Articles    on    Coleoptera    by 

John  L.  Leconte,  Issued  in  1845 290 

Current  Entomological    Literature 29- 

Title  page  to  Volume  Lll.     Index  to  Volume  Lll.  .    .    .  301 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LII  DECEMBER  1941  No  10 

Notes  on  the  Bionomics  of  Ataxia  hubbardi  Fisher 
in  Illinois  (Coleop. :  Cerambycidae).* 

By  R.  W.  WILLIAMS,  University  of  Illinois. f 

Ataxia  hubbardi  seems  to  have  reached  Illinois  but  recently. 
Through  correspondence,  the  United  States  National  Museum 
informs  me  this  species  had  not  previously  been  found  as  far 
north  and  east  as  Illinois.  Moreover  the  Illinois  Natural  His- 
tory Survey  has  no  collection  records  of  its  occurrence  in  this 
State.  Because  Fisher  (1924)  lists  its  range  as  Arizona, 
Texas,  Oklahoma,  Nebraska,  and  Kansas,  and  I  found  it  only 
in  plants  growing  along  an  east-west  railroad,  it  quite  prob- 
ably came  here  via  railroad  traffic  from  the  west. 

In  the  locality  of  Urbana,  Illinois,  the  larvae  and  pupae  de- 
velop in  the  petioles  of  the  large  basal  leaves  of  Prairie  Dock, 
Silphium  tcrcbinthinaccum  Jacq.  The  first  adult  was  found 
within  the  petiole  of  a  leaf  on  June  4,  1940.  Although  fully 
developed  in  hardness  and  color  it  had  not  started  to  make  an 
exit  hole.  Another  section  of  petiole  was  found  on  the  same 
day  in  which  a  circular  hole  had  been  gnawed,  and  through 
which  the  adult  had  apparently  escaped.  Later  many  more 
such  stems  were  found. 

Near  the  point  where  the  leaf  blade  joins  the  petiole  of 
Silphium,  small  circular  holes  about  1.5  mm.  in  diameter  were 
found.  These  holes  appeared  to  be  too  regular  and  too  small 
to  have  been  made  by  the  adult  beetle.  It  would  seem,  there- 
fore, that  the  eggs  were  deposited  upon,  rather  than  in  the 
host  stalk,  and  the  larvae  upon  hatching  bored  into  the  petiole. 
This  is  the  procedure  of  the  closely  related  species  Ataxia 
crypt  a  (Say)  (Morgan  1907).  

*  Contribution    No.   217    from   the    Entomological    Laboratories    <>l    tin- 
University  of  Illinois, 
f  Now  at  Cornell  University. 

271 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

Assuming  the  eggs  are  deposited  on  the  stems,  the  larvae, 
upon  hatching,  bore  into  them  just  below  the  epidermis  and 
turning  towards  the  base  eat  downward  for  an  inch  or  more. 
They  then  turn  back  and  eat  upwards  about  the  same  distance 
past  their  entrance  holes.  The  larvae  traverse  back  and  forth 
several  times  over  a  period  of  several  days  or  possibly  several 
weeks.  The  epidermis  of  the  petioles  turns  black  in  these 
regions.  As  they  become  larger  the  larvae  leave  the  sub-epi- 
dermal region  and  burrow  into  the  pith  at  the  center  of  the 
stalk.  Here  they  bore  up  the  mid-rib  of  the  leaf  to  a  point 
near  its  tip,  a  distance  of  about  twelve  to  fifteen  inches.  After 
turning  around  they  come  down  the  mid-rib  to  a  point  several 
inches  below  the  base  of  the  leaf  blade.  The  passage  in  the 
mid-rib  is  filled  with  frass. 

At  various  distances  below  the  leaf  blade  the  mature  larvae 
girdle  the  petioles  from  within.  The  fallen  leaves  may  be 
noted  lying  on  the  ground  about  the  third  week  in  September. 
Although  all  the  leaves  of  this  Rosin  weed  die  in  the  fall  and 
are  strewn  about  over  the  ground,  it  is  very  easy  to  recognize 
those  which  are  infested.  The  factor  by  which  they  can  be 
recognized  at  a  distance  is  the  break  in  the  mid-rib  at  about 
the  middle  of  the  leaf  blade.  Although  all  the  leaves  have  a 
tendency  to  curl,  only  the  infested  stalks  break  at  this  point. 
This  break  does  not  appear  until  after  the  leaves  have  begun 
to  dry  out.  The  second  recognition  mark  is  the  presence  of 
the  small  circular  hole  near  the  base  of  the  leaf  blade  through 
which  the  larva  entered  the  stalk.  The  smooth  girdled  end  of 
the  stalk,  plugged  with  frass,  is  a  third  recognition  mark.  Al- 
though the  larvae  are  not  always  found  in  this  section  of 
the  stalk  above  the  girdle,  which  bears  the  blade,  the  basal 
portion  of  the  petiole  can  usually  be  found  within  a  radius  of  a 
few  inches  from  the  leaf  blade.  Rarely  was  more  than  one 
larva  found  within  a  stalk  and  never  more  than  two.  When 
two  were  present,  one  was  in  the  section  of  petiole  above  the 
girdle  while  the  other  was  in  the  lower  section.  The  girdled 
end  is  plugged  up  with  frass  so  that  a  closed  chamber  results 
in  which  the  larvae  overwinter. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Several  pupae  were  found  on  May  28.  These  emerged  as 
adults  on  June  8,  indicating  that  the  length  of  the  pupal  stage 
is  at  least  twelve  days,  perhaps  nearer  to  fourteen.  The  last 
pupa  was  found  on  June  19.  This  was  the  only  individual 
found  in  the  stem  of  Indian  Hemp,  Apocynum  cannabinum  L. 

SUMMARY. 

1.  There  is  one  generation  a  year  in  the  locality  of  Urbana, 
Illinois. 

2.  The    newly    transformed   adults    remain    two    or    three 
days  within  the  stalks  of  the  basal  leaves  of  Silphium  tere- 
binthinaceum  before   emerging,  and  began  to  appear  during 
the  first  week  in  June. 

3.  The  egg  is  apparently  laid  upon  the  outer  surface  of 
the  petioles. 

4.  Upon  hatching  the  larvae  presumably  bore  into  the  pith, 
where  they  feed  at  first  just  under  the  epidermis,  then  in  the 
pith  the  entire  length  of  the  stalk. 

5.  The  mature  larvae  form  the  overwintering  stage  in  this 
area  of  the  insect's  distribution. 

6.  Pupation  begins  during  the  last  week  in  May  and  the 
pupal  stage  has  a  duration  of  about  fourteen  days. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

FISHER,  W.  S.  1924.  A  New  Species  of  Ataxia  from  the 
United  States.  Canadian  Ent.,  Vol.  56,  No.  10,  pp.  253-254. 

MORGAN,  A.  C.  1907.  The  Cotton  Stalk  Borer  (Ataxia 
crypto-  Say}.  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr.  Division  of  Ent.  Bull.,  63, 
Part  7,  pp.  63-66. 

The  Insect  Collection  of  Thaddeus  W.  Harris  (1795-1856) 

Was  transferred  (as  a  deposit)  from  the  New  England 
Museum  of  Natural  History  to  the  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology  in  April,  1941,  and  placed  in  the  Leconte-Fall  Room, 
lo^cther  with  Harris's  notebook  and  certain  M.  S.  lists  and 
data.  This  is  probably  the  oldest  existing  general  collection  of 
North  American  insects.  Many  specimens  are  broken  or 
damaged  by  old  Dermesticl  work  (some  Orthoptera  were  com- 
pletely destroyed  long  ago),  but  the  bulk  of  the  material  is  in 
fair  condition  considering  its  age.  There  was  no  damage  during 
the  transfer  to  the  M.  C.  Z.  The  collection  contains  types  of 
probably  at  least  200  insects,  including  numerous  Coleoptera, 
described  by  Say,  Harris,  and  others. — P.  J.  DAKI.I  NCTON,  JR. 
in  Annual  Kept,  of  the  Director  of  the  M.  C.  Z.  at  Hurxar  1 
College  for  1940-41,  pp.  16-17.  1941. 


274  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

A  Migratory  Flight  of  Phoebis  agarithe  Bd.  (Lepid.: 

Pieridae). 

By  KENNETH  L.  KNIGHT,  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana. 

Two  extensive  migratory  flights  of  this  species  were  ob- 
served* in  June,  1940,  in  the  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico. 
Specimens  captured  from  one  of  these  flights  were  identified 
by  Mr.  W.  D.  Field  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant 
Quarantine  as  Pliocbis  agarithe  ina.vinia  Neum.  The  white 
female  specimens  were  further  designated  as  the  form  albarithc 
Brown.  Brown1  reports  this  subspecies  and  form  as  occur- 
ring in  the  region  bordering  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  from  Florida 
to  Southern  Mexico  with  possible  extensions  into  the  isthmus 
of  Central  America.  There  are  no  migration  records  in  the 
literature  for  this  species. 

The  flight  from  which  the  specimens  were  captured  was 
observed  on  the  morning  of  June  23rd  in  a  lime  orchard  at 
Hacienda  Vista  Hermosa,  two  or  three  miles  southwest  of 
Villa  Santiago  near  the  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Madre  Oriental 
range.  The  flight  was  first  noticed  at  about  9:00  A.  M.  and 
was  progressing  from  east  to  west.  The  sky  was  cloudless, 
and  there  was  a  slight  breeze  blowing  from  the  east.  The 
butterflies  were  traveling  at  various  heights  up  to  about  one 
hundred  feet  above  the  ground.  There  was  a  wride  belt  of  them 
flying  through  the  grove  and  up  over  the  ridge  at  the  western 
end  of  the  valley. 

Twenty-two  specimens  were  captured  from  this  flight.  Four- 
teen of  this  number  were  the  white  female  form  and  the 
remaining  eight  were  males  of  the  orange  subspecies,  a  sex 
ratio  of  64  per  cent  females  to  36  per  cent  males.  There  were 
a  few  cloudless  yellows  in  the  ranks,  but  none  of  them  were 
captured. 

*Entomologist,  The  Third  Hoogstraal  Mexican  Biological  Expedi- 
tion, June-September,  1940. 

1  Brown,  F.  Martin,  1929.  A  revision  of  the  genus  Phoebis  (Lepid.) 
Amcr.  Mus.  Nov.  368.  32  pp.  37  figs, 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  275 

Since  the  path  of  the  flight  was  so  near  the  ground,  many  of 
the  butterflies  would  turn  aside  a  moment  to  the  flowers,  but 
then  almost  immediately  return  to  the  migrating  stream.  A 
few  Pierids  could  be  seen  flying  near  the  ground  in  directions 
other  than  that  of  the  main  flight.  The  flight  lasted  for  about 
three  hours.  It  stopped  with  the  advent  of  noon  and  the  drop- 
ping away  of  the  breeze.  All  but  two  of  the  specimens  cap- 
tured were  quite  perfect. 

The  other  flight  was  observed  at  11:00  on  the  morning  of 
June  22nd  at  Las  Adjuntas,  a  tiny  settlement  about  fifteen 
miles  southwest  of  Villa  Santiago  in  the  mountains.  No 
specimens  were  captured,  but  there  were  white,  orange  and 
yellow  Pierids  in  the  flight.  They  were  in  about  the  same 
ratio  of  abundance  to  one  another  as  in  the  first  flight  described. 
This  fact,  coupled  with  the  nearness  of  the  locality  and  the 
similarity  of  conditions,  would  tend  to  indicate  that  the  same 
species  occurred  here  as  in  the  other  migration. 

At  1 1 :00  when  the  flight  was  first  noticed,  the  butterflies 
were  going  along  with  a  steady,  swift  flight  in  a  northwesterly 
direction  and  were  apparently  riding  the  strong  breeze  blowing 
from  the  southeast,  for  when  the  breeze  died  away  at  noon, 
the  flight  stopped.  In  twelve  minutes,  six  hundred  butterflies 
were  counted  as  they  passed  a  point  directly  overhead,  an 
average  of  fifty  per  minute.  The  lowest  butterflies  were  just 
clearing  the  pine  trees  and  were  probably  thirty  feet  high. 
From  that  elevation,  there  were  butterflies  traveling  as  high  as 
one  could  see,  which  was  at  least  a  thousand  feet,  for  the  high 
sun  illuminated  their  white  or  yellow  wings  in  brilliant  con- 
trast to  the  cloudless  blue  sky.  The  butterflies  were  traveling 
at  such  different  levels  that  counting  was  very  difficul.t  Xone 
of  them  ever  faltered  to  come  to  earth,  and  there  were  no 
Pierids  flying  at  ground  level. 

*-*.*»-•* — - 

Prof.  Funkhouser  on  a  Collecting  Trip. 

The  undersigned  is  leaving  on  a  collecting  trip  in  South 
America,  Central  America  and  Mexico  and  will  not  return  until 
July  1,  1942.  After  that  date  the  address  will  be  as  usual. 
W.  D.  FUNKHOUSER,  University  of  Kentucky,  Lexington, 
Kentucky. 


276  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

What  is  Pseudomechanitis?  (Lepid:  Nymphalidae). 

By  WM.  T.  M,  FORBES,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  New  York. 

In  Fox's  generic  revision  of  the  Ithomiinae1,  the  only  nomi- 
nal genus  not  recognized  is  Psciidomechanitis  Rober.  The 
original  figure  is  so  vague,  being  apparently  from  a  pencil 
sketch  or  wash  drawing  rather  than  from  the  butterfly  itself, 
and  the  description  is  so  incomplete  in  many  important  points, 
that  any  identification  must  be  considered  not  quite  certain 
until  the  type  is  examined. 

But  we  have  a  male  specimen,  collected  at  R.  Aguacatal, 
West  Colombia,  that  comes  from  near  enough  to  the  type 
locality,  and  which  in  pattern  fits  as  closely  to  the  original 
figure  as  any  real  butterfly  might  be  expected  to.  It  is  deter- 
mined by  Fassl  as  Ceratinia  dionaea  limpida,  a  form  described 
from  the  Cauca  Valley,  and  fits  well  enough  also  to  that  de- 
scription. It  is  a  true  Ceratinia,,  both  superficially  and  in  geni- 
talia,  and  so  far  as  I  can  see  differs  only  in  minor  pattern 
features  from  the  well  known  C.  mergclana,  which  the  Fassl 
collection  contains  in  series  from  Muzo,  East  Colombia.  The 
true  C.  dionaea  is  quite  distinct,  and  much  more  heavily  scaled. 
I  therefore  propose  the  following  disposal  of  Pscudomechan- 
itis  paradoxa  Rober. 

CERATINIA   auct.,   Hiibner   in   part    (syn.   Psc-udomcchanit-is 
Rober). 

MERGELANA   Hew.2 

1  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Ixvi,  205,   1940. 

"  Fox  indicates  that  so  far  as  it  is  based  on  Jones'  figure,  the  name 
of  P.  H.  Lycastc  Fabr.  belongs  to  this  species,  and  is  specifically  based 
on  a  very  dark  female  of  the  megalopolis  race.  Since  the  name  of 
lycastc  has  been  universally  used  for  more  than  half  a  century  for  a 
member  of  the  iphianassa  group  of  Itlnnnia,  and  generally  for  /. 
panamensis,  I  prefer  to  keep  to  an  unambiguous  name.  The  leading 
references  are:  Fabricius,  Ent.  Syst.  iii  (1)  161,  1793;  Holland,  Moth 
Book  (1931  Ed.)  pi.  72,  fig.  2,  publishing  Jones'  figure  from  the  ins. 
plate  of  his  "Icones", — the  "fig.  pict."  of  Fabricius;  Fox,  Ent. 'News  1, 
141,  1939,  with  discussion  and  fuller  references.  Fabricius'  type  from 
the  Drury  via  the  Milne  collection  is  presumably  in  the  British  Museum, 
but  has  not  been  examined  in  modern  times ;  Butler  silently  assumes  it 
is  identical  with  the  Jones  figure. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

M.  MERGELANA  (East  Colombia). 

M.  LIMPIDA  Hsch.    (Cauca  Valley). 

.M.  PARADOX  A  Robcr   (West  Colombia). 

,While  by  strict  interpretation  of  the  code  under  the  type 
fixation  clause,  Ccratinia  would  not  be  available  in  this  place, 
it  was  in  fact  available  when  it  came  in  use,  under  the  then 
current  elimination  codes  and  practices,  and  should  certainly 
be  kept  in  the  sense  of  more  than  fifty  years  unchallenged  use, 
—as  a  conservandum  even  if  we  accept  the  validity  of  the  ex 
post  facto  features  of  the  present  code. 


Migrating   Butterflies,    Libythea    bachmanii    larvata    Stkr., 
in   Texas.      (Lepid. :    Nymphalidae). 

On  a  Texas  highway  in  the  hot  Rio  Grande  valley,  as  we 
drove  south  from  Edinburg  to  McAllen  on  July  2,  1940,  we 
encountered  hundreds  of  thousands  of  snout  butterflies  (iden- 
tified by  Mr.  H.  I.  O'Byrne  as  Libythea  bachmanii  larvata}  as 
they  crossed  the  road  in  migratory  flight.  They  flew  3  to  6 
feet  above  ground.  They  did  not  come  in  a  continuous  cloud, 
but  in  either  droves  or  streams  which  we  cut  through  inter- 
mittently. While  most  of  the  droves  passed  over  the  highway 
eastward,  a  few  of  them  moved  in  the  opposite  direction. 
These  swarms  appeared  every  mile  or  two,  with  frequent 
stragglers  between.  All  that  were  examined  had  frayed  wings. 
Those  in  flight  did  not  go  around  our  car,  but  flew  over  the 
top  or  through  the  open  windows.  Likewise  they  persistently 
went  over  the  roof  of  a  garage  toward  the  southwest,  instead 
of  going  around  it,  for  an  hour  while  we  watched  them. 

As  a  digression  from  their  mass  flight  in  a  bee-line  against 
the  wind,  occasionally  two  or  three  or  half  a  dozen  would 
whirl  and  flutter  playfully  around  each  other  in  a  small  circle, 
as  if  in  courtship,  and  gently  drift  back  with  the  wind,  forget- 
ting for  the  moment  the  serious  business  of  going  somewhere. 

This  is  not  the  first  record  of  the  migration  of  the  snout 
butterfly,  for  Mr.  C.  B.  Williams  states  in  the  National  Geo- 
graphic Magazine  (May  1937,  p.  571)  that  Libythea  bachmanii 
has  been  seen  several  times  in  enormous  migrations  in  Texas, 
usually  in  August  and  September.  One  of  these  flights  was 
said  to  extend  over  a  front  of  250  miles,  and  one  and  a 
quarter  million  butterflies  passed  per  minute  on  the  whole  front. 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

"These  flights  are  usually  moving  toward  the  east  or  south- 
east, but  nothing  is  known  of  their  origin  or  destination." 
Again  he  says  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  31 :  236,  1938),  "Of  the 
recorded  flights  in  Texas,  all  except  two  were  to  the  S.  E. 
quarter,  the  two  exceptions  heing  toward  the  north."- — PHIL 
RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 


Some  New  Species  of  Syrphidae  from  Florida,  Cuba 

and  Brazil  (Diptera). 

By  FRANK  M.  HULL,  University  of  Mississippi. 

In  this  paper  I  present  the  description  of  four  new  Syrphid 
flies.  Types  are  in  the  author's  collection. 

Volucella  florida  n.  sp. 

Closely  related  to  picta  Wied.,  it  is  much  larger,  the  pre- 
scutellar  spot  is  double,  the  middle  wing  blotch  is  larger  and 
longer,  with  a  clear  sinus ;  the  pteropleural  pile  is  yellow,  the 
basi  tarsi  are  orange-red  instead  of  yellow.  The  pale  spots  of 
the  venter  are  much  smaller  and  do  not  reach  the  lateral 
margins.  There  is  much  black  pile  in  the  posterior  corners  of 
the  third  segment,  almost  none  in  picta. 

$  .  Length  9.5  mm.  Head :  vertex  shining  black  with  black 
pile,  behind  which  on  the  occiput  are  a  few  silvery  hairs.  The 
ocular  pile  is  dense,  long  and  very  dark  brown.  The  front  and 
face  are  light  cream-yellow  with  pale  yellow  pile ;  the  latter 
has  a  median,  black,  brown-bordered  stripe  running  down  to 
the  epistoma  where  it  connects  with  a  similar  and  wider  cheek 
stripe  from  eye  to  epistoma.  The  posterior  part  of  the  cheeks 
and  lower  occiput  are  dark  brown.  The  antennae  are  elongate, 
the  first  two  joints  light  brown,  the  third  joint  dark,  greyish- 
brown  but  little  less  wide  at  apex  than  at  base.  The  arista  is 
pale  yellow  with  fifteen  black  rays  above. 

Thorax :  mesonotum  shining  black,  the  notapleurae,  humeri, 
a  pair  of  rounded  spots  just  before  the  scutellum,  a  short  sub- 
lateral  vittae  behind  the  transverse  suture  and  the  extreme 
lateral  margin  behind  the  suture  as  well  as  a  large  spot  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  mesopleurae  and  the  propleurae  are  light 
yellow.  The  pile  of  the  dorsum  is  light  yellow  in  front  and 
again  just  before  the  scutellum  and  narrowly  along  the  sides 
and  over  the  post  calli,  but  is  broadly  black  over  the  posterior 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  279 

part  of  the  mesonotum ;  this  pile  is  quite  long  and  thick.  There 
is  a  conspicuous  tuft  of  long,  light,  shining  yellow  pile  on  the 
mesopleurae,  some  on  the  pteropleurae,  upper  part  of  sterno- 
pleurae  and  the  propleurae.  The  scutellum  is  light  trans- 
lucent clayish-yellow ;  the  long,  erect  pile  of  the  basal  half 
is  light  yellow ;  the  equally  long  dense  pile  of  the  posterior 
half  and  margin  is  black. 

Abdomen :  broad  and  round,  considerably  wider  than  the 
thorax.  The  first  segment  is  shining  black  with  pale  pile  except 
on  the  narrow  posterior  margin  in  the  middle  where  pile  is 
black.  The  second  segment  has  the  entire  posterior  half  form- 
ing a  slight  arcuate  black  fascia  with  short,  erect  black  pile.  In 
the  middle  on  the  basal  part  of  the  segment  is  a  wide,  diffuse, 
brownish-black  area  broadly  connected  with  the  posterior  part. 
This  leaves  the  lateral  anterior  corners  extensively  light  yellow 
and  pale  yellowish  pilose  and  due  to  the  subtriangular  arrange- 
ment of  the  middle  basal  blackish  spot  the  yellow  extends 
medially  and  more  narrowly  than  at  the  sides.  Third  segment 
similar  to  the  second  in  every  respect ;  the  posterior  black 
fascia  on  either  side  of  the  median,  black,  triangular  vittae 
bulges  slightly  forward  and  this  anterior  extension  is  low  and 
broadly  rounded.  The  pile  on  this  segment,  as  in  the  preceding 
one,  is  black  over  the  black  areas  but  also  over  the  median  or 
postero-median  extension  of  the  yellow  color  but  elsewhere  is 
yellow.  The  fourth  segment  is  entirely  shining  black  with 
wholly  erect,  long,  pale  yellow  pile ;  the  posterior  half  of  the 
segment  is  transversely  concave  from  side  to  side,  the  hypopy- 
gial  pile  is  entirely  black. 

Legs :  all  of  the  femora  and  tibiae  except  the  narrow  apices 
of  the  one  and  the  apices  of  the  other,  dark,  shining,  mahogany- 
brown  ;  the  pile  of  the  tibiae  is  wholly  black  or  very  dark 
brown  and  on  the  femora  chiefly  black,  except  that  there  is 
some  yellow  pile  on  the  posterior  surface  basally  of  all  the 
femora,  and  the  entire  dorsal  surface  and  ventral  surface 
basally  of  the  hind  femora  has  long  yellow  pile.  The  first  two 
joints  of  all  the  tarsi  are  light  orange,  the  middle  tarsi  is  more 
yellowish  and  their  pile  golden ;  the  apical  tarsal  joints  black 
with  dark  colored  pile. 

\Yings :  hyaline,  marked  with  brown  as  follows :  a  brown 
cloud  at  the  base  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  another  over 
the  anterior  cross  vein,  another  at  the  end  of  the  auxiliary 
vein,  and  just  beyond  it  a  small  brown  spot  which  widens  out 
to  occupy  all  of  the  distal  portion  of  the  marginal  cell  and 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

widens  still  more  posteriorly  to  occupy  the  posterior  adjacent 
section  of  the  submarginal  cell  and  to  border  both  sides  of  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  to  its  termination  and  to  border  more 
narrowly  all  of  the  subapical  cross  vein.  The  small  cross 
vein  is  also  bordered  on  either  side.  The  marginal  cell  is 
closed  and  slightly  bulbous. 

Holotypc :  one  male,  St.  Augustine,  FLORIDA,  March. 
Volucella  pictoides  n.  sp. 

Related  to  picta  Wied.  Characterized  by  the  wholly  black 
hind  femora,  black  facial  stripe  and  dark  brown  antennae. 

9  .  Length  7  mm.  Head :  the  front  and  face  are  light 
yellow,  each  with  a  prominent  median  black  stripe.  The 
cheeks  are  shining  black,  the  pile  of  face  and  front  yellowish- 
white.  The  black  frontal  stripe  is  black,  pilose.  Antennae 
elongate  and  dark  brown  ;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  yellowish 
arista  with  fifteen  rays.  Eyes  with  dense,  short,  dark  brown 
pile. 

Thorax :  mesonotum  shining  black,  the  notopleurae,  most 
of  the  mesopleurae,  the  propletirae  and  a  geminate  spot  before 
the  scutellum  pale  cream-yellow.  There  is  a  short,  yellowish, 
sublateral  vitta  above  the  base  of  each  wing.  Scutellum  pale, 
yellow  and  translucent,  with  dense,  black  pile  on  all  of  the 
dorsum  except  the  basal  corners. 

Abdomen :  broad,  globular  and  inflated.  The  first  segment 
is  brown  upon  a  linear  posterior  fascia  restricted  to  the  middle 
of  the  segment  and  this  brown  area  extends  down  upon  the 
second  segment  to  cover  somewhat  more  than  the  basal  half 
of  the  second  segment.  Elsewhere  these  segments  are  pale 
yellow.  The  posterior  fourth  of  the  second  segment  in  the 
middle  and  in  each  posterior  corner  is  shining  black  but  this 
fascia  is  broadly  extended  to  twice  its  thickness  on  either  side 
of  the  middle.  Third  segment  with  a  wide  posterior  fascia,  a 
broad  median  vitta  and  the  basal  corners  black,  the  remainder 
yellow.  Fourth  segment,  except  for  a  narrow,  linear,  basal, 
sublateral  fascia,  entirely  shining  black.  The  black  fascia  of 
the  second  segment  and  the  black  vitta  of  the  third  segment, 
except  for  a  narrow  median  extension  of  white  pile,  are  all 
black,  pilose;  otherwise  all  of  the  remaining  black  area  has 
erect  white  pile  and  the  yellow  areas  have  whitish  pile  except 
for  a  small  encroachment  of  black  pile  on  either  side  of  the 
median  vitta  of  the  third  segment. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  281 

Legs :  all  of  the  femora  and  tibiae,  including  the  whole  of 
the  hind  femora,  except  their  narrow  apices  and  bases  respec- 
tively, shining  black.  First  two  joints  of  all  of  the  tarsi  yellow, 
the  remaining  ones  almost  black.  Pile  of  hind  femora,  except 
ventrally  near  the  apex,  long  and  white.  Pile  of  remaining 
femora  largely,  and  of  all  the  tibiae,  black. 

Wings :  patterned  with  brownish  markings,  somewhat  sim- 
ilar to  other  members  of  the  group,  the  apical  third  brown  with 
a  darker  spot  at  the  end  of  the  marginal  cell,  a  sinus  before  it 
and  after  it,  another  inside  of  the  subapical  cross  vein  and  the 
apical  portion  of  the  stigma  somewhat  clearer.  There  is  a 
brown  spot  at  the  origin  of  the  third  vein,  another  covering  the 
small  cross  vein,  another  beginning  at  the  costal  and  crossing 
the  sub-costal  cell  at  the  end  of  the  costal  cell ;  it  continues  to 
cross  the  marginal  cell  to  occupy  a  portion  of  this  cell. 

Holotype:    one  female,  Havana,  CUBA,  F.  M.  Hull,  August 
1937,  on  herbage. 
Planes  grisea  n.  sp. 

Related  to  chrysopressa  Hull,  but  distinguished  by  the  opaque 
black  third  abdominal  segment  with  its  widely  separated  basal 
spots,  and  by  the  absence  of  the  thick,  flat,  yellow  abdominal 
pile. 

$  .  Length  8.5  mm.  Head:  front  shining  coppery  with  con- 
siderable, almost  white,  pubescence  along  the  eye  margins. 
The  lower  portion  of  the  face  is  obscurely  yellowish-white  in 
ground  color.  The  face  is  everywhere  yellowish-white  pub- 
escent. The  frontal  pile  is  white ;  that  of  vertex  partly  black. 
Antennae  dark  brown,  the  third  joint  a  little  over  twice  as 
long  as  wide,  reddish-brown  basally. 

Thorax :  ground  color  brassy-black  on  which  are  four,  quite 
faint  and  obscure  purplish  vittae.  There  is  a  pair  of  well  de- 
veloped stripes  of  brassy-yellow  pile  ;  continuous  with  these  is 
a  transverse  stripe  of  such  pile  along  the  suture,  which  stripe 
emits  on  either  side  a  sublateral  and  posteromesonotal  stripe  of 
the  same  pile.  There  is  considerable  pale  pile  in  front  of  the 
scutellum  and  on  the  pleurae,  but  elsewhere  the  pile  is  black. 
The  scutellum  is  brassy-black,  transversely  striped  with  a  cop- 
pery reflection  and  has  a  pair  of  scarcely  differentiated  short 
hairs  on  the  margin. 

Abdomen:  black,  feebly  shining,  strongly  striated.  Second 
segment  dark  brownish-black,  nearly  opaque  with  a  pair  of 
light,  somewhat  obscure,  yellowish-brown  hemicircles  on  either 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

side,  which  do  not  reach  the  margin,  widely  separated  in  the 
middle.  Third  segment  similar,  with  similar  spots,  that  prac- 
tically reach  the  margin.  Fourth  segment  deep  shining  golden 
or  brassy-black;  pilose  in  the  middle  of  basal  half;  with  sub- 
erect  brassy  pile  everywhere. 

Legs:  posterior  femora  shining  black,  the  first  two  pairs 
blackish-brown  on  apical  half,  lighter  brown  basally  and  brown- 
ish-yellow narrowly  at  apex.  All  of  the  tibiae  dark  brownish- 
black,  narrowly  pale  yellow  at  base,  the  middle  pair  perhaps 
lighter  brown.  Hind  tarsi  dark  brown.  First  two  joints  of 
other  tarsi  pale  yellow.  Middle  joint  brown,  the  last  joints 
black. 

Wings :    tinged  with  pale  brown,  the  stigma  sepia. 

Holotype:     one  male,   Sao  Paulo,   BRAZIL.   Nov.,    1938,    (J. 
Lane,  collector). 
Planes  Valeria  n.  sp. 

Related  distantly  to  vagans  Wied.,  this  species  is  characterized 
by  the  subpetiolate  abdomen,  basally  fused  spots  of  third  seg- 
ment, pale  anterior  tarsi  and  tibia,  yellowish  scutellar  margin 
etc. 

$  .  Length  9  mm.  Head :  front  shining  black,  the  narrow 
margin  with  pale  yellow  pubescence.  The  lower  half  of  the 
face  is  broadly  pale  yellow.  The  whole  of  the  face  is  covered 
with  pale  yellow  pubescence.  Frontal  and  vertical  pile  yellow. 
First  two  joints  of  antennae  black,  the  third  joint  less  than 
twice  as  long  as  wide,  brownish-black  in  color,  reddish  ven- 
trally  near  the  base. 

Thorax :  mesonotum  with  four  greenish  vittae,  the  outer 
pair  broader  and  interrupted  at  the  suture,  and  broadly  mar- 
gined everywhere  with  a  brassy  color  that  tends  to  become 
coppery.  Mesonotal  pile  brassy-yellow  on  the  anterior  half  and 
forming  a  widely  divergent  stripe  on  the  posterior  two-thirds 
which  loses  itself  among  short  black  pile.  The  mesonotal  pile 
just  before  the  scutellum  is  broadly  brassy.  Pleural  and  scu- 
tellar pile  wholly  pale ;  scutellum  with  a  pair  of  slender  pale 
bristles;  scutellar  color  dark  sepia  with  a  brassy  tinge.  The 
margin  narrowly  brownish-yellow. 

Abdomen :  first  segment  greenish-black  becoming  light 
brown  in  the  middle.  Second  dark,  opaque  sepia ;  the  base 
narrowly  and  the  narrow  margins  are  light  brown,  leaving  a 
pair  of  elongate,  posteriolaterally  pointed,  pale  yellow  spots, 


Hi,  '41  ]  ENTOMOLOCH  Ai.  NEWS  283 

which  do  not  reach  the  margin.  Third  segment  similar  in 
general  color,  the  large  pair  of  pale  spots  confluent  narrowly 
at  the  base  of  the  segment,  pointed  posteriorly  and  directed 
diagonally  out  towards  the  margin  which  they  reach  in  almost 
their  full  length;  the  extreme  basal  corner  is  left  dark  brown. 
Fourth  segment  wholly  shining  greenish-black ;  it  is  black  pilose 
mediobasally,  elsewhere  pale  golden  appressed  pilose. 

Legs :  femora  shining  blackish ;  their  apices  and  all  of  front 
and  middle  tibiae  are  light  brownish-yellow.  All  of  fore  and 
middle  tarsi  except  last  one  or  two  joints  are  pale  yellow.  Re- 
mainder of  hind  tibiae  dark  brown ;  their  apex  has  a  sharp 
spur. 

Wings :    pale  brownish-grey ;  the  stigma  brown. 

Holotypc :  one  male,  Sao  Paulo,  BRAZIL,  November.  1940. 
(J.  Lane  collector). 


A  New  Texas  Agrilus  (Coleoptera:  Buprestidae). 

By  JOSEF  N.  KNULL,  The  Ohio  State  University. 

Agrilus  limpiae  n.  sp. 

$  .  Resembling  A.  obsoletoguttatus  Gory  in  size  and  mark- 
ings, only  pubescent  areas  much  more  prominent,  each  elytron 
with  five  spots,  also  sides  of  pronotum  and  ventral  surface  on 
sides  containing  white  pubescence,  front  green,  rest  of  insect 
olivaceous  brown. 

Head  convex,  with  slight  depression  on  vertex,  surface  finely 
granulose,  finely  rugose  on  occiput,  pubescent ;  antennae  ex- 
tending nearly  to  hind  angles  of  pronotum,  serrate  from  the 
fourth  joint. 

Pronotum  wider  than  long,  much  narrower  at  base  than  at 
apex ;  sides  broadly  rounded  in  front,  obliquely  narrowed  to 
base ;  when  viewed  from  the  side,  marginal  and  submarginal 
carinae  are  narrowly  separated  in  front  and  joined  back  of 
middle;  anterior  margin  strongly  sinuate,  median  lobe  prom- 
inent; basal  margin  emarginate  at  middle  of  each  elytron, 
median  lobe  deeply  emarginate ;  disk  convex  with  two  median 
depressions,  also  oblique  depression  each  side,  prehumeral 
carinae  sharp;  surface  finely  transversely  rugose,  fine  punc- 
tures between  rugae.  Scutellum  transversely  carinate. 

Elytra  wirier  than  base  of  pronotum ;  sides  subparallel  at 
base,  constricted  at  middle,  obliquely  narrowed,  apices  rounded, 
serrulate ;  disk  flattened,  each  elytron  with  vague  costa,  basal 


284  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

depressions  prominent,  sutural  margin  elevated  posteriorly; 
surface  imbricate. 

Abdomen  beneath  finely  densely  punctate,  first  segment 
slightly  flattened  at  middle,  rugose,  suture  between  first  two 
segments  not  indicated  at  sides ;  pygidium  carinate,  carina  not 
projecting.  Prosternum  granulose,  densely  pubescent ;  pros- 
ternal  lobe  deeply  emarginate.  Tibiae  slender,  first  and  second 
pairs  mucronate  on  inside  at  apex.  Posterior  tarsi  same  length 
as  tibiae ;  tarsal  claws  similar  on  first  two  pairs  of  legs,  pos- 
terior claws  with  inner  tooth  broader,  inner  teeth  not  turned 
inward. 

Length  6.5  mm.;  width  1.8  mm. 

9  .  Differs  from  the  male  by  having  the  front  olivaceous, 
antennae  shorter,  posterior  tarsi  shorter  than  tibiae,  tibiae  not 
mucronate  and  lack  of  pubescence  on  prosternum. 

Type  male,  allotypc  and  paratypes  collected  from  the  foliage 
of  soapberry  (Sapindus  drummondi  Hook.  &  Arn.)  in  the 
Davis  Mountains,  TEXAS,  July  2,  1940;  paratypes  from  the 
same  locality  ranging  in  dates  from  June  1  to  July  12,  D.  J. 
and  J.  N.  Knull  collectors.  Type,  allotype  and  paratypes  in 
writer's  collection,  paratypes  in  collections  of  The  Ohio  State 
University  and  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

According  to  Fisher's  key*  this  species  would  run  to  A. 
obsolctoguttatus  Gory.  It  can  be  separated  by  being  more 
olivaceous,  pubescence  more  prominent,  male  posterior  tarsi  of 
about  same  length  as  tibiae  and  by  the  structure  of  the  male 
genitalia.  The  lateral  lobe  of  the  aedeagus  is  serrate  on  outer 
margin  near  apex,  otherwise  this  organ  is  similar  to  that  of 
A.  obsolctoguttatus  Gory. 

The  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr.  C.  A.  Frost,  who  kindly  com- 
pared specimens  with  the  type  series  of  A.  intcrruptus  Lee. 

Yellow  Fever. 

Attention  now  centers  on  jungle  yellow  fever  which  is  the 
same  disease  as  urban  yellow  fever  but  with  this  distinguishing 
epidemiological  characteristic,  that  in  its  special  forest  environ- 
ment it  is  not  transmitted  by  A.  cgyptl.  Risk  of  yellow  fever 
epidemics  will  remain  as  long  as  jungle  yellow  fever  persists. 
A  complete  extermination  of  the  disease  now  seems  remote  if 
not  impossible.  -  -  Annual  Report  1940,  International  Health 
Division,  The  Rockefeller  Foundation,  pp.  12-13.  (1941). 

*  W.  S.  Fisher,  U.  S.  National  Mus.  Bui.  145,  pp.  1-347,  1928. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Dragonflies  New  to  the  Mount  Desert  Island  Region, 

Maine  (Odonata). 

By  Ranger-Naturalist  CARSTEN  AHRENS,  Acadia 
National  Park,  Maine. 

In  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  May,  1891,  D.  J.  Bullock 
published  brief  notes  on  8  species  of  dragonflies  collected  on 
Mt.  Desert  Island,  Maine.  In  the  same  publication,  October, 
1894,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert  listed  5  species  collected  by  Bullock 
in  this  same  region.  Then  in  1938,  William  Proctor,  D.  Sc., 
published  the  Insect  Fauna,  Part  VI  of  the  Biological  Survey 
of  the  Mount  Desert  Region.  In  this  volume  is  an  annotated 
list  of  54  species  of  dragonflies  taken  over  a  period  of  years 
(1927-1938).  The  three  lists  mentioned  above  include  55 
species. 

During  the  months  of  July  and  August  of  1940  and  1941, 
the  writer  was  a  ranger-naturalist  in  the  Acadia  National  Park, 
which  is  located  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  Maine.  During  this 
period  and  for  this  fegion  he  raised  the  number  of  species  from 
55  to  80.  Of  the  25  species  that  are  new  records  for  the 
Mount  Desert  Region,  2  seem  to  be  new  records  for  the  state 
of  Maine.  They  are  Acschna  sitchcnsis  Hagen  and  Sympe- 
tniin  danac  Sulzer. 

The  writer  wishes  to  thank  Park-naturalist  Maurice  Sullivan 
of  the  Acadia  National  Park  for  his  encouragement  and  help- 
fulness;  to  express  again  his  appreciation  to  Mrs.  Leonora  K. 
Gloyd  for  going  over  the  collection  to  check  his  identifications  ; 
to  thank  Dr.  Donald  Borror  for  literature.  He  also  wishes  to 
express  his  appreciation  and  admiration  to  Mrs.  Ahrens  who  in 
two  short  seasons  became  an  expert  collector,  and  who  never 
complained  even  when  entomological  paraphernalia  covered 
every  flat  surface  in  the  apartment. 

ANISOPTERA. 

1.  HAGENIUS  BREVISTYLUS  Selys.  Fairly  common  along 
Echo  Lake  and  Jordan  Pond,  July  29-Aug.  14.  Observed 
occasionally  at  the  outlets  of  lakes,  1940,  1941. 

DROMOGOMPHUS  SPINOSUS   Selys.     A  pair  taken   along 
Pond  on  Aug.  28,  1940.     Several  observed  squatting  on 


_?X(>  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

the  sand  and  rocks  along  or  near  the  shore  during  late  Aug. 
1941. 

3.  LANTHUS    ALBISTYLUS    Hagen.      Four    males    captured 
along  the  little  stream  that  flows  into  boggy  New  Mill  Meadow, 
July  16- Aug.   18.     They  fly  close  to  the  water,  alighting  fre- 
quently on  the  rocks  that  break  the  surface,  1940,  1941. 

4.  L.  PARVULUS  Selys.     One  male,  Jordon  Pond,  July   19, 
1940;  one  male  at  the  beaver  dam  on  Norway  Drive,  Aug.  7, 
1940. 

5.  EPIAESCHNA  HERDS  Fabricus.     One  female  taken  while 
she  was  ovipositing  along  a  heavily  shaded  part  of  Squid  Creek, 
July  8,  1940. 

6.  AESCHNA  SITCHENSIS  Hagen.     Two  males  captured  on 
the  bog  at  Sea  Wall,  Aug.  14,  1940.     These  insects  vvere  ob- 
served at  the  very  edge  of  the  bog,  distant  from  the  pools  of 
standing  water. 

7.  AE.  EREMITA  Scudder.     Fairly  common  in  diverse  habi- 
tats during  late  July  and  early  Aug.,  1940,  1941. 

8.  MACROMIA  ILLINOIENSIS  Walsh.     Observed  this  species 
on  a  number  of  occasions  during  both  summers  as  it  patrolled 
the  shady  carriage  roads.     One  male  netted  July  3,  1941. 

9.  SOMATOCHLORA  TENEBROSA   Say.     Collected  this  insect 
now  and  then  along  shady  streams  during  Aug.,  1940,  1941. 

10.  S.  MINOR  Calvert.     Two  females  were  collected  while 
they  were  ovipositing  along  a  tiny  stream  that  flows  into  Aunt 
Betty  Pond,  Aug.  14,  1940. 

11.  S.    WALSHI   Scudder.      One    male    taken    in    the    wide 
marshy  area  of  lower  Northeast  Creek,  July  21,  1941 ;  one  male, 
Schoodic  Peninsula,  July  29,  1941. 

12.  S.  FORCIPATA  Scudder.     One  female,  Echo  Lake,  July 
3,  1940. 

13.  S.    WILLIAMSONI    E.    M.    Walker.      One    male,    lower 
Northeast  Creek,  July  21,  1941. 

14.  S.   KENNEDYI   E.   M.  Walker.     One  male,  Echo  Lake, 
July  3,  1941. 

15.  CELITHEMIS    MARTHA   Williamson.      This   species   was 
less  common  than  was  C.  disci,  but  it  was  found  in  its  company 


Hi.     '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  287 

around  all  the  lakes  during  early  and  middle  Aug.,  1940.  It 
was  nut  observed  during  the  summer  of  1941,  although  C. 
clisa  was  common. 

16.  LADONA  JULIA  Uhler.     Fairly  common  about  the  pools 
of  standing  water  at  the  bog  at  Sea  Wall  during  the  first  two 
weeks  of  Aug.,  1940,  1941. 

17.  LIBELLULA   PULCHELLA   Drury.      Common   at    Sargent 
Pond  and  at  the  beaver  dam  on  Norway  Drive  during  Aug., 
1940,  1941. 

18.  SYMPETRUM  DANAE  Sulzer.     Four  males  were  netted  in 
a  tide  swamp  behind  a  sea  wall  on  Great  Duck  Island,  Aug.  3, 
1940. 

19.  S.  SEMICINCTUM  Say.     Fairly  common  in  the  New  Mill 
Meadow  during  middle  Aug.,  1940,  1941.    They  are  usually  in 
the  company  of  Nannothevnis  bclla  Uhler. 

20.  S.  DECISUM  Hagen.     Found  almost  everywhere  during 
July  and  Aug.,  1940,   1941. 

21.  PANTALA  FLAVESCENS  Fabricus.     Observed  frequently 
during  Aug.  in  Bar  Harbor,  1940,  1941. 

ZYGOPTERA. 

22.  LESTES  EURINUS  Say.     Taken  occasionally  at  the  bog  at 
Sea  Wall  during  the  first  two  weeks  of  Aug.,  1940,  1941. 

23.  L.  RECTANGULARIS  Say.     Netted  frequently  during  the 
latter  part  of  July  and  early  Aug.,  1940,  1941. 

24.  ENALLAGMA  VESPERUM  Calvert.     Three  males  collected 
at  Aunt  Betty  Pond,  Aug.  7,  1940. 

25.  E.  ASPERSUM  Hagen.  Fairly  common  during  the  first 
week  in  Aug.,  1940,  1941. 


Why  Does  Gyrinus  Circle?  (Coleoptera:  Gyrinidae). 

By  CYRIL  E.  ABBOTT,  Harding  College,   Searcy,  Arkansas. 

Several  years  ago  a  friend  of  mine  attempted  to  determine 
the  origin  and  function  of  the  circular  locomotion  of  the  Gyr- 
inidae. He  finally  decided  that  the  beetles  were  not  compelled 
to  behave  in  that  manner,  and  that  the  motion  is  "instinc- 

,  •          j » 

tive  . 


288  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

Now,  the  definition  of  behavior  as  instinctive  really  explains 
nothing,  excepting  that  we  have  no  adequate  explanation.  And 
so,  after  reading  the  paper  by  Brown  and  Hatch  (1929)  it 
occurred  to  me  that  circling  might  possibly  be  the  result  of 
visual  responses.  But  when  rather  complex  apparatus  for 
testing  such  responses  gave  absolutely  no  positive  results,  the 
problem  appeared,  for  a  time,  insoluble. 

In  the  meantime  I  obtained  and  read  a  copy  of  the  mono- 
graph on  chordotonal  organs  by  Eggers  (1928).  Eggers  suc- 
ceeded in  demonstrating  experimentally  that  the  Gyrinidae 
avoid  collision  with  solid  objects  through  the  perception  of 
vibrations  of  the  water's  surface,  and  that  the  sense  organs 
concerned  are  located  in  the  second  segment  of  each  antenna. 
This  recalled  the  familiar  observation  that  when  a  small  moth 
or  other  similar  insect  falls  upon  the  water  in  the  vicinity  of 
a  number  of  "whirligig"  beetles,  the  latter  soon  surround  it 
and  tear  it  to  pieces.  For  the  Gyrinidae  are  predatory  in  both 
the  larval  and  adult  stages. 

The  foregoing  observations  suggested  the  experiments  de- 
scribed below.  From  the  moveable  arm  of  an  electric  vibrator 
having  a  frequency  of  60/sec.  an  iron  ball  weighing  about  25 
gms.  was  suspended  on  a  20  B  &  S  guage  wire  about  two  feet 
in  length.  A  large  aquarium  tank  was  so  arranged  that  the 
weight  hung  about  four  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  water. 
About  thirty  specimens  of  Gyritms  (sp?)  were  then  placed  in 
the  tank,  and  a  screen  so  arranged  that  their  movements  could 
be  observed  without  subjecting  them  to  visual  stimuli.  Using 
this  apparatus  the  following  experiments  were  performed : 

1.  The  beetles  were  observed   for  some  time  with  the  vi- 
brator motionless.    Under  such  circumstances  the  beetles  circled 
aimlessly  all  over  the  exposed  water's  surface. 

2.  The  vibrator  was  set  in  motion.     Immediately,  the  beetles 
nearest  the  wire  turned  toward  it,  swam  up  to  it,  and  made 
grasping  movements  with  the  prothoracic  legs.     And  although 
the  vibration   of   the   wire   flung   each   insect  a   distance   of   a 
centimeter  or  two,  the  beetle  immediately  repeated  its  orienting 


Hi,    '41  ]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

and  grasping  movements.  These  "attempts",  in  the  case  of 
single  specimens,  were  repeated  at  intervals  of  about  two 
seconds. 

3.  The  vibrator  was  stopped.     The  beetles  at  once  began  to 
wander  all  about  the  tank ;  if  anything,  they  avoided  the  wire. 

4.  With  the  aid  of  a  pair  of   fine   forceps  antennae  were 
removed  from  fifteen  beetles ;  these  alone  were  replaced  in  the 
tank.     When  the  vibrator  was  started  the  beetles  paid  no  more 
attention  to  it  than  when  it  was  motionless  ;  that  is,  they  wan- 
dered aimlessly  all  over  the  tank.     One  or  two  made  a  feeble 
and  occasional  attempt  to  seize  the  wire,  but   subsequent  ex- 
amination indicated  that  two  or  three  specimens  had  parts  of 
the  antennae  still  attached. 

The  experiments  described  were  repeated  many  times,  under 
various  circumstances :  always  the  results  were  the  same  as 
there  indicated.  Normal  beetles  also  oriented  to  tuning  forks 
with  vibration  rates  of  256/sec.,  320/sec.,  and  384/sec.,  when 
each  of  these  was  touched  to  the  surface  of  the  water.  Under 
no  circumstances  did  any  of  the  beetles  respond  to  air  vibra- 
tions alone,  although  efforts  were  made  to  induce  such  a  re- 
sponse. Needless  to  say,  beetles  with  amputated  antennae 
did  not  respond  to  the  forks  under  any  circumstances. 

Of  further  interest  is  the  fact  that  Gyrinus  made  no  ori- 
enting movements  toward  the  vibrating  object  when  and  if 
that  object  was  more  than  three  or  four  centimeters  from  the 
insect. 

Now  the  activities  of  the  Gyrinidae  in  the  adult  stage  are 
chiefly  confined  to  the  surface  of  the  water,  where  they  feed, 
as  has  been  observed,  upon  hapless  winged  insects  falling 
thereon,  and  which,  through  their  struggles,  set  up  a  vibration 
of  that  surface;  by  means  of  such  vibrations  Gyrinus  reaches 
its  prey.  But  evidently  the  perception  of  such  minute  and 
rapid  vibrations  is  effective  only  within  a  very  limited  area 
around  the  source  of  the  vibration.  By  circling,  Gyrinus 
greatly  increases  the  area  of  surface  which  it  covers  in  a  given 
time,  and  hence,  naturally  increases  its  chances  of  encounter- 
ing vibrations  set  up  on  the  surface  of  the  water. 


290  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [  Dec.,    '41 

In  short,  the  circling  beetle  is  literally  "feeling  for  prey". 
And  the  organs  upon  which  it  depends  for  the  discovery  are 
the  antennae. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

EGGERS,  F.  1928.  Die  stiftfuhrenden  Sinnesorgane  Berlin 
(Borntraeger)  (Cf.  pp.  342-343). 

BROWN,  C.  R.  and  M.  H.  HATCH.  1929.  Orientation  and 
fright  reactions  of  whirligig  beetles. — Jour.  Compar.  Psychol., 
9:  159-189. 


The  Dates  of  Publication  of  Two  Articles  on  Coleo- 
ptera  by  John  L.  Leconte,  Issued  in  1845. 

By  HUGH  B.  LEECH1,  Vernon,  British  Columbia. 

In  examining  the  literature  on  one  of  Leconte's  species,  it 
was  found  that  the  original  description  was  cited  variously  as 
of  1844,  1845,  1846  and  1847.  Since  beetles  belonging  to  four 
families-  date  from  the  same  article,  the  following  notes  may 
be  of  interest. 

The  two  papers  in  question  are  Leconte's  "Descriptions  of 
some  new  species  of  coleopterous  insects  inhabiting  the  United 
States",  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History,  Volume  I,  page  201  ;  and  his  "Descriptions  of  some 
new  and  interesting  insects,  inhabiting  the  United  States",  in 
the  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History,  Volume  V,  No.  2, 
pages  203-209.  Although  having  a  different  title,  the  first 
paper  is  in  fact  merely  an  abstract  of  the  second,  giving  the 
preliminary  diagnoses  of  the  species,  but  not  the  fuller  descrip- 
tions and  references.  The  second  article  is  accompanied  by  a 
fine  plate  (No.  18)  illustrating  the  species,  and  opens  with  a 
diatribe  against  American  entomologists  who  sent  their  new 
species  to  Europe  for  description. 

The  title  page  of  Volume  I  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Boston 
Society  of  Natural  History  is  dated  1844.  However,  at  the 
bottom  of  page  201  there  is  a  printer's  signature: 

1  Contribution  No.  2080,  Division  of  Entomology,  Science  Service, 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Ottawa,  Ontario. 

~  Cicindelidae :  Cicindcla  audnbonii  Leconte.  Carabidae :  Calosoma 
triste  Lee.,  C.  lepidnm  Lee.,  Scaritcs  patntclis  Lee.,  S.  affinis  Lee.,  51 
ephialtcs  Lee.,  S.  intcrmcdius  Lee.  Dytiscidae :  Dytiscits  marginicollis 
Lee.  Cerambycidae :  Lamia  bcllii  Lee.  (  =  Plectrodera  scalator  Fab.). 


lii.    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  291 

"Proceedings  B.S.N.H.  22  March,  1845,"  which  indicates 
that  the  volume  was  not  published  in  1844.  On  page  200  there 
is  a  paper  by  Richard  Soule,  Jr.,  "giving  an  account  of  experi- 
ments on  the  juice  of  Cornstalk,  made  Sept.  and  Oct.  1844"; 
it  seems  unlikely  that  the  volume  was  published  between  that 
time  and  the  end  of  the  year.  Fortunately  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  contain  rec- 
ords of  accessions  to  the  Academy's  Library;  the  second  half 
of  Volume  I  of  the  Boston  Proceedings  (page  129  to  end), 
was  noticed  at  the  stated  meeting  on  September  2,  1845.  As 
the  previous  stated  meeting  was  on  August  19,  1845,  we  have 
a  fairly  good  indication  of  the  time  when  these  pages  were 
mailed. 

The  title  page  to  Volume  V  of  the  Boston  Journal  of  Natural 
History  is  dated  1847.  In  the  minutes  of  the  meeting  of  the 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  on  October  15,  1845,  the 
following  statement  occurs :  "Dr.  Gould  announced  that  a  new 
number  of  the  Journal,  being  the  second  this  year,  was  ready 
for  distribution".  This  gives  us  the  approximate  date  of  pub- 
lication. Referring  again  to  the  Proceedings  of  The  Philadel- 
phia Academy,  we  find  that  in  the  minutes  of  the  stated  meet- 
ing on  December  16,  1845,  Volume  5,  No.  2  (really  a  Part)  of 
the  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History  is  listed  among  the 
donations  to  the  library.  In  the  minutes  of  a  meeting  on  May 
6,  1845,  Volume  5,  No.  1  is  listed  as  received. 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  Lecontean  species  of  beetles  de- 
scribed in  these  papers  must  all  be  cited  as  of  1845,  the  actual 
date  of  publication  of  the  abridged  paper  being  not  long  before 
September  2.  It  is  unfortunate  that  the  second  paper  did  not 
appear  first,  since  it  contains  the  full  descriptions  and  their 
accompanying  illustrations  ;  however,  we  do  know  that  it  was 
published  between  October  15  and  December  16,  1845. 

Acknowledgment.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  mention  the  cordial 
help  of  Dr.  Richard  Dow,  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History.  He  searched  through  the  older  journals  not  available 
to  me,  and  provided  information  from  which  the  above  notes 
on  dates  of  publication  were  made. 


292  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    L.    S.    MACKEY,    R.    G.    SCHMIEDER, 
A.    G.    RICHARDS,    JR.    and    JOHN    W.    H.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in    the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Anon. — Dr.  Frederic  Wallace  Edwards 
(1888-1940).  [105]  12:  415-416.  Banks,  N—  Report  on  en- 
tomology. [Ann.  Rep.  Dir.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  1940-41:  13- 
16.  Barton,  D.  R. — Attorney  for  the  insects.  [Natural 
History]  48:  181-185.  ill.  Bondar,  G. — Notas  entomologicas 
da  Baja.  [105]  12:  268-303,  ill.  Brown,  R.  W.— Concern- 
ing-the  antiquity  of  social  insects.  [5]  48:  105-110.  Bruch, 
C.— Walter  Horn  (1871-1939)  Semblanza  cle  una  vida  fe- 
cuncla.  [104]  11:  45-48,  photo.  Carpenter,  F.  M. — Report 
on  fossil  insects.  [Ann.  Rep.  Dir.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  1940- 
41 :  33.  Carter,  W. — Insects  and  the  spread  of  plant  di- 
seases. [An.  Rep.  Smiths.  Inst.]  1940.  329-342,  ill.  Cocker- 
ell,  T.  D.  A. — Observations  on  plants  and  insects  in  north- 
western Baja  Californa,  Mexico,  with  descriptions  of  new 
bees.  [Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.]  9:  339-352.  Davis, 
W.  T. — Charles  William  Leng.  [Pro.  Staten  Island  Inst. 
Arts  &  Sci.]  9:  75-80,  ill.  Natural  History  records  frojm 
the  meetings  of  the  Staten  Island  Nature  Club.  [Pro. 
Staten  Island  Inst.  Arts  &  Sci.]  9:  97-112.  Fester,  G.  A- 
Colorantes  de  insectos.  [106]  132:  100-103.  Graham,  S.  A. 
-Royal  Norton  Chapman.  1889-1939.  [7]  34:  521-524,  ill. 
Hayward,  K.  J. — Departamento  de  Entomologia.  [Rev.  Tud. 
&  Agric.  Tucuman]  31:  50-58.  Howell,  T.— Some  aquatic 
insects  from  the  Great  Smoky  Mountains  National  Park. 
[Jour.  Tenn.  Acad.  Sci.]  16:  406-407.  Imms,  A.  D.— The 
pricklv-ipear  problem  in  Australia.  [Nature]  148:  303-305. 


Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  293 

ill.  MacLagan,  D.  S. — Sunspots  and  insect  outbreaks  an 
epidemiological  study.  [Pro.  Univ.  Durham  Philo.  Soc.]  10: 
173-199,  ill.  Soraci,  F.  A. — Important  nursery  insects  of 
New  Jersey.  [N.  J.  Dept.  Agric.]  Circ.  326:"  72  pp.,  ill. 
Stunkard,  H.  W. — In  Memoriam,  Adolpho  Lutz.  [Jour. 
Parasit.]  27:  469-471.  Vargas,  L. — Aplicacion  taxonomica 
de  un  metodo  estadistico.  |  Kev.  Inst.  Salubridad  y  Enferr 
Trop.]  2:  123-128,  ill.  Wolcott,  G.  N.— A  supplement  to 
"Insectae  Borinquenses".  [Jour.  Agric.  Univ.  Puerto  Rico] 
25:  33-158. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Caspar!,  E.— The 
morphology  and  development  of  the  wing  pattern  of  Lepi- 
doptera.  [O.  Rev.  Biol.]  16:  249-273,  ill.  Eder,  R.— Die 
kutikulare  Transpiration  der  Insekten  und  ihre  Abhangig- 
keit  vom  Aufbau  des  Integumentes.  [Zool.  Jahrb.,  Abt. 
allg.  Zool.]  60:  203-240.  ill.  Evans,  T.  C.— Sequence  of 
roentgen  ray  effects  on  the  development  of  the  grasshopper 
egg.  I.  [Phys.  Zool.]  14:  163-173.  ill.  Ford,  E/B.— Studies 
on  the  chemistry  of  pigments  in  the  Lepidoptera,  with  ref- 
erence to  their  bearing  on  systematics.  The  Anthoxan- 
thins.  [107]  16:  65-90.  Gosswald,  K.— Uber  den  Einfluss 
von  verschiedener  Temperatur  und  Luftfeuchtigkeit  auf  die 
Lebensausserungen  der  Ameisen.  II.  Uber  den  Feuchtig- 
keitssinn  okologisch  verschiedener  Ameisenarten  und  seine 
Beziehung  zu  Biotop,  Wohn-uncl  Lebensweise.  [94]  154: 
247-344,  ill.  Hall,  H.  F. — A  note  on  terminology  regarding 
intersexes.  [J.  Hered.]  32:  309,  314.  Hanstrom,  B. — In- 
kretorische  organe,  sinnes-organe  und  nervensystem  des 
kopfes  einiger  niederer  insektenordnungen.  [Kungl.  Sven- 
ska  Yetenskapsakad.  Handlingar]  18:  266  pp.,  ill.  Hard- 
man  &  Craig. — A  physiological  basis  for  the  differential 
resistance  of  the  two  races  of  red  scale  to  HCN.  [68]  94: 
187.  Harpster,  H.  T. — An  investigation  of  the  gaseous 
plastron  as  a  respiratorv  mechanism  in  Helichus  striatus 
Leconte  (Dryopidae).  [Trans.  Amer.  Micr.  Soc.]  60:  329- 
358,  ill.  Jeschikov,  J. — Die  Dottermenge  im  Ei  und  die 
Tvpen  der  postembryonalen  Entwicklung  bei  den  Insekten. 
[34]  134:  71-87,  ill.  Mazek-Fialla,  K,  '-Die  Korpcrtnnpe- 
ratur  poikilothermer  Tiere  in  Abhangrififkeit  vom  Kleink- 
lima.  [94]  :  154:  170-246.  ill.  Prebble,  M.  L.— The  cliapnn-e 
and  related  phenomena  in  Gilpinia  polvt<  mm.  [Can.  Tour. 
Res.]  19  (Sec.  D)  :  295-346,  ill.  Rifenburgh,  S.  A.— Cer- 
tain genetic  effects  of  short-wave  ultra-violet  rndiation  on 
Drosophila  melanogaster.  [Lloydia]  4:  65-76.  Roberts,  H. 


294  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

R. — A  comparative  study  of  the  sub-families  of  the  Acridi- 
dae  primarily  on  the  basis  of  their  phallic  structures.  [Pro. 
Acad.'Nat.  Sci.  Phila.j  93:  201-246,  ill.  Yeager  &  Mun- 
son. — Histochemical  detection  of  glycogen  in  blood  cells  of 
the  southern  army-worm  ( Prodenia  eridania)  and  in  other 
tissues,  especially  midgut  epithelium.  [47]  63:  257-294,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Chamberlin,  R. 
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54:  137-142.  (*).  Chamberlin  &  Ivie. — North  American 
Agelenidae  of  the  genera  Agelenopsis,  Calilena,  Ritalena 
and  Tortolena.  [7]  34:  585-628,  ill.  Davis,  G.  E— Orni- 
thodoros  parkeri :  observations  on  the  biology  of  this  tick. 
[Jour.  Parasit.]  27:  425-433.  Gertsch,  W.  J— Report  on 
some  arachnids  from  Barro  Colorado  Island,  Canal  Zone. 
[40]  No.  1146:  14  pp.,  ill.  New  American  spiders  of  the 
family  Clubionidae.  I  and  II.  [40]  Nos.  1147  and  1148:  20 
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cornigera  a  spider  new  to  New  England.  [Conn.  State  Ent. 
40th  Rep.]  Bull.  445:  379-380.  Katz  &  Chapman.— A  col- 
lection of  Ohio  ticks  and  their  hosts.  [Jour.  Parasit.]  27: 
467-468.  Lundblad,  O.— Neue  Wassermilben  [28]  62:  97- 
121.  Weitere  neue  Wassermilben  aus  Brasilen  und  Para- 
guay. [28]  62:  122-126.  Mclvor,  B.  C. — A  new  species  of 
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27:  435-436,  ill.  Semans,  F.  M.— Black  widow  spider  (La- 
trodectus  mactans)  distribution  in  Ohio.  [43]  41 :  380. 
Seyler,  P.  J. — The  generic  and  specific  status  of  four  Ohio 
spiders  of  the  genus  Agelenopsis.  [Ohio  Jour.  Sci.]  41  :  51- 
69,  ill.  Stone,  P.  C. — The  brown  dog  tick,  Rhipicephalus 
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United  States.  [Proc.  Mo.  Acad.  Sci.]  6:  75-77.  Travis, 
B.  V. — Examinations  of  wikl  animals  for  the  cattle  tick 
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465-467. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Banks,  N.- 
Three  new  species  of  Myrmeleonidae.  [5]  48:  101-104.  Dias 
dos  Santos,  N. — Uma  nova  especie  do  "Libellulidae"  do 
q-enero  "Zenithoptera"  Selys,  1882.  (Odonata).  [Rev.  Bra- 
sil.  Biol.]  1:  207-213.  ill.  "Goodrich,  A.  L.— The  external 
anatomy  of  the  pupal  abdomen  in  Dicosmoecus  atripes. 
[103]  14:  134-143,  ill.  Hood,  J.  D.— A  century  of  new 
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Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  295 

hoven,  L.  G.  E. — Groundplans  of  Termite  Nests.  [Ent. 
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tinae  in  Ecuador  and  Peru:  revisional  notes  and  descrip- 
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behavior  of  the  intestinal  protozoa  of  termites  at  the  time 
of  the  last  ecclysis.  [Trans.  Amer.  Micr.  Soc.j  60:  281-292,  ill. 
Moulton,  D. — Thysanoptera  from  Minas  Gerais,  Brazil. 
[105]  12:  314-322.  (*).  Needham,  J.  G.— Life  history 
studies  on  Progomphus  and  its  nearest  allies  (Aeschnid.). 
[1]  67:  221-245,  ill.  A  note  concerning  aggregations  of 
Ululodes  villosa.  [5]  48:  112.  Setty,  L.  R.— The  biology 
and  morphology  of  the  adult  hanging-fly  (Mecoptera). 
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lungsbiologie  und  Oekologie  der  einheimischen  Psocopter- 
enarten  Ectopsocus  meridionalis  (Ribaga)  1904  und  Ectop- 
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ORTHOPTERA.— Callan,  H.  G.— A  trisomic  grasshop- 
per. [J.  Hered.J  32:  296-298,  ill.  Cousin,  G.— Sur  la  de- 
termination de  coefficients  d'hybridation  par  une  methode 
graphique.  Estimation  quantitative  de  la  transmission  des 
caracteres  specifiques  de  Gryllus  campestris  et  Gr.  bima- 
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fluence of  colchicine  upon  the  germ  cells  of  insects  (Or- 
thoptera)  with  special  reference  to  the  mitochondria  and 
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Hollande,  A.-Ch. — Solenosomes  et  chondriome  de  la  cel- 
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Jacobson  &  Farstad. — Some  observations  on  differential 
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73:  158-159.  MacLeod,  G.  F.— Effects  of  infra  red  irradi- 
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296  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

nearest  allies.  [1]  67:  221-245,  ill.     Strohecker,  H.  F.— Two 
new  species  of  Orthoptera  from  Texas.  [7]  34:  539-542,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Boyden,  B.  L.— Eradication  of  the  Par- 
latoria  date  scale  in  the  United  States.  General  informa- 
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transmission  of  corn  mosaic.  [7J  34:  551-556.  Christensen, 
J.  R. — Un  nuevo  enemigo  de  los  Manzanos  en  la  Argen- 
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Carlo,  J.  A. — I)  Description  de  dos  especies  nuevas  del 
genero  Limnocoris  Stal.-Il)  Nuevas  consideraciones  sobre 
Cryphocricus  daguerrei  y  Cryphocricus  rufus  de  Carlo. 
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leafhoppers  (Cicadellid.)  from  Mexico.  [Ohio  Jour.  Sci.J 
41 :  86-88,  ill.  Doering,  K.  C. — A  revision  of  two  genera  of 
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Drake  &  Harris. — A  new  Velia  from  Trinidad.  [105]  12: 
338-339.  Ekblom,  T. — Untersuchungen  iiber  den  Flugel- 
dimorphismus  bei  Gerris  asper  L.  [51]  21:  49-64,  ill. 
Evans,  J.  W. — -The  inter  relationships  of  certain  jassoid 
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observed  in  New  Brunswick.  [4]  73:  157-158.  Hixson,  E. 
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Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  16:  66-68.  Jacobi,  A. — Die  Zikadenfauna 
der  Kleinen  Sundainseln.  [Zool.  Jahrb.,  Abt.  f.  Syst.]  74: 
277-322,  ill.  Lent,  H.— "Latrocimex  spectans"  n.  gen.,  n. 
sp.  parasite  de  morcegos  no  Brasil  (Cimicidae).  [Rev. 
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Biologia  de  Athaumastus  haematicus.  [104]  10:  308-312,  ill. 
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C.  F. — (see  Hymenoptera).  Tuthill,  L.  D. — Monograph  of 
the  Psyllinae  and  Triozinae  (Psyllid.)  in  America  north  of 
Mexico.  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  16:  145.  Usinger, 
R.  L. — Two  new  species  of  Aradidae  from  Baltic  amber. 
[5]  48:  95-100,  ill.  Watkins,  T.  C.— Clover  leafhopper 
(Aceratagallia  sanguinolenta).  [Cornell  Univ.  Agric.  Exp. 
Sta.j  Bull.  758:  24  pp.,  ill.  Wilson,  F.  H.— The  slender  lice 
of  american  pigeons  and  doves  with  descriptions  of  two 
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lii,    '41 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  297 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Babers,  F.  H.— The  buffer  capacity  of 
the  blood  of  the  sixth-instar  southern  armyworm  (Prodenia 
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de  Magalopyge  albicollis  Walker  1910  (Megalopygyd)  [104J 
1 1  :  22-30,  ill.  Brues,  C.  T. — Photographic  evidence  on  the 
visibility  of  the  color  patterns  in  buttterflies  to  the  human 
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Jarvis,  F.  V.  L. — The  nature  of  hibernation  in  Lepidoptera. 
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10  pp.,  ill.  Kohler,  P. — Lepidopteros  raros  y  nuevos  para 
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Nautical  butterflies.  [Chicago  Nat.]  4:  85,  95.  McDun- 
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grad] 1941  (1)  :  36-41.  Rubtsov,  J.  A.— Effect  of  tempera- 
ture and  humidity  on  the  development  of  the  eggs  and 
larvae  of  the  boll  worm.  [Bull.  Plant  Protection,  Lenin- 
grad] 1941  (1):  9-19.  Tirelli,  M.— The  karyoplasmic  ratio 
in  the  embryos  of  monovoltine  and  bivoltine  races  of  the 
silkworm,  Bombyx  mori.  [Phys.  Zool.]  14:  70-77,  ill.  Tra- 
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Fjarilar  och  blommor.  [28]  62:  49-87.  Williams,  J.  L.- 
The  internal  genitalia  of  Yucca  moths,  and  their  connection 
with  the  alimentary  canal.  [Jour.  Morph.]  69:  217-223,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— Adams,  C.  F. — A  preliminary  list  of  mus- 
coid  flics  in  Missouri.  [Proc.  Mo.  Acad.  Sci.]  6:  73-74. 
Alexander,  C.  P. — 'Records  and  descriptions  of  Tipuli<!.i<' 
from  tropical  America.  [105]  12:  322-337,  ill.  (*).  Records 
and  descriptions  of  North  American  crane-flics.  [119]  26: 
281-319,  ill.  ('*).  Balch,  R.  E.— European  spruce  sawfly. 
[Canadian  Nat.]  3:  139.  ill.  Bohart,  R.  M.-— A  revision  of 
the  Strepsiptera  with  special  reference  to  the  species  of 


298  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

North  America.  [67]  7:  91-159,  ill.  Borgmeier,  T.— Atta- 
myia  sinonimo  de  Myrmosicarius  (Phorid.).  [105]  12:415. 
Crampton,  G.  C. — The  terminal  abdominal  structures  of  male 
Diptera.  [5]  48:  79-94,  ill.  Dreyer,  W.  A.— A  simple  lab- 
oratory method  for  Drosophila  genetics  in  general  zoology. 
[Ward's  Nat.  Sci.  Bull.]  15:  3-4.  Durand,  Hollaender  & 
Houlahan. — Ultraviolet  absorption  spectrum  of  the  abdom- 
inal wall  of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [Jour.  Hered.]  32: 
51-56,  ill.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Mycetophilidae  collected  by 
the  expedition  to  Matto  Grosso  of  the  Brazilian  Zoological 
Club,  in  July  1939.  [105]  12:  303-314,  ill.  (*).  Fairchild, 
G.  B.— Notes  on  Tabanidae  from  Panama.  [7]  34:  629-646, 
ill.  (*k).  A  new  Acanthocera  (Tabanidae)  from  Central 
America.  [7]  34:  647-648,  ill.  Fisk,  F.  W.— Deinocerites 
spanius  at  Brownsville,  Texas,  with  notes  on  its  biology 
and  a  description  of  the  larva.  [7]  34:  543-550,  ill.  Hull, 
F.  M.— New  American  syrphid  flies.  [40]  No.  1151:  3  pp. 
Some  undescribed  syrphid  flies  from  the  neotropical  region. 
[91]  31:  432-440.  ('*).  Knutson,  H.— The  occurrence  of 
larvae  of  the -stable  fly,  Muscina  stabulans  (Zett.),  in  living 
nymphs  of  the  grasshopper,  Xanthippus  corallipes  panther- 
inus  (Sc.).  [Jour.  Parasit.]  27:  90-91.  Malloch,  J.  R.— The 
American  genus  Paracantha  (Trypetidae).  [105]  12:  32- 
42,  ill.  (k*).  Manis,  H.  C. — -Bionomics  and  morphology  of 
the  black  onion  fly,  Tritoxa  flexa  (Ortalid.).  [Iowa  State 
Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  16:  96-98.  de  Meijere,  J.  C.  H.— Die 
Larven  der  Agromyzinen.  [101]  84:  13-30,  ill.  Middlekauf, 
W.  W. — Some  biological  observations  of  the  adults  of 
apple  maggot  and  cherry  fruitflies.  [12]  34:  621-624.  Roze- 
boom,  Fox  &  Laird. — Anopheles  (Kerteszia)  bellator  D. 
&.  K.,  found  naturally  infected  with  Plasmodium.  [68]  94: 
114.  Shaw,  F.  R. — Some  new  species  of  the  genus  Sciara 
from  Canada.  [4]  73:  174-175,  ill.  New  Sciarinae  from 
Oklahoma  and  New  Mexico.  [119]  26:  320-324,  ill.  (*). 
de  Souza  Lopes,  H/ — Sobre  o  aparelho  genital  feminine 
dos  "Sarcophagidae"  e  sua  importancia  na  classificacao. 
[Rev.  Brasil.  Biol.]  1:  215-221,  ill.  Spencer,  W.  P.— Eco- 
logical factors  and  Drosophila  speciation  [Ohio  Jour.  Sci.] 
41  :  190-200.  Teixeira  de  Freitas  &  de  Souza  Lopes.- 
Sobre  uma  nova  especie  Brasileira  do  genero  "Condylos- 
tvlus"  (Dolichopid.).  [Rev.  Brasil.  Biol.]  1:  27-3a  ill. 
Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — New  fly  parasites  of  Diatraea  in  Sao 
Paulo.  [105]  12:  339-341.  Vargas,  L.— Anopheles  gabal- 
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Hi,    '41]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  299 

Mecl.  Mexico]  21  :  385-394,  ill.  Detalles  morfologicos  poco 
o  nada  conocidos  de  Anopheles  Mexicanos.  [CienciaJ  2: 
66-69,  ill.  Aedes  (Ochlerotatus)  rozeboomi  nueva  especie 
(Culicid.).  [Gac.  Mecl.  Mexico]  71:  393-395.  Simulium 
lane  portoi  n.  n.  (Simul.  y  lista  de  simulidos  mexicanos. 
[Rev.  Inst.  Salubridad  y  Inferm.  Trop.]  2:  115-122.  Ano- 
pheles pseudopunctipennis  willardi  n.  var.  (Culicidae). 
[Rev.  Soc.  Mexicana  Hist.  Nat.]  2:  47-49.  Nota  sobre  el 
papel  que  se  atribuye  a  los  Chloropidae  en  la  Transmision 
de  Enfermedades.  [Rev.  Medicina  Mexico]  21:  306-310. 
Wigan,  L.  G. — Polygenic  variability  in  wild  Drosophila 
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COLEOPTERA.— Bondar,  G.— Notas  entomologicas  du 
Baja.  VII.  [105]  11:  268-303,  ill.  (*).  Chen,  S.  H.— At- 
tempt at  a  new  classification  of  the  leaf  beetles.  [Sinensia] 
11:  451-481,  ill.  Notes  on  Chinese  Eumolpidae  [Sinensia] 
11:  483-528.  (k*).  Darlington,  P.  J.— Report  on  Coleop- 
tera.  [Ann.  Rep.  Dir.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  1940-41:  16-18. 
Harpster,  H.  T. — An  investigation  of  the  gaseous  plastron 
as  a  respiratory  mechanism  in  Helichus  striatus.  [Trans. 
Amer.  Micro.  Soc.]  60:  329-358,  ill.  Heifer,  J.  R.— A  revi- 
sion of  the  genus  Buprestis  of  North  America  north  of 
Mexico  (Buprestid.)  [70]  21 :  123-198,  ill.  Hustache,  A.- 
Nouveaux  Curculionides  du  Bresil.  [105]  12:  131-139. 
Kempers,  K.  J.  W. — Larven  van  kortschildkwers  ( Staphy- 
linidae).  [101]  84:  31-43,  ill.  (k).  Knull,  J.  N.— Nine  new 
Coleoptera  (Plastocerid.,  Buprestid.  &  Cerambycid.).  [43] 
41:  381-388,  ill.  Lincoln  &  Palm. — Biology  and  ecology  of 
the  alfalfa  snout  beetle.  [Cornell  Univ.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.] 
Mem.  236:  45  pp.,  ill.  Malkin,  B. — Additions  to  the  Staten 
Island  List  of  Coleoptera.  [Pro.  Staten  Island  Inst.  Arts  & 
Sci.]  9:  91-96.  Pic,  M. — Coleopteres  nouveaux  de  1'  Ameri- 
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Importancia,  distribuiqao,  hospedeiros  e  inimigos  naturais 
de  podador  de  algodoeiro  Chalcodermus  bondari  (Cure.). 
[105 1  12:  42-45.  Scheerpeltz,  O.  -  Aus  der  Praxis  des 
Kafersammlers.  XXXVI.  Planung.  Einrichtung  und  Auf- 
stellung  einer  dem  Studium  der  Systematik  und  zoogeo- 
graphischer  Fragen  dienenden  Sammlung.  [79]  26:  1-14. 
White,  W.  H. — The  Mexican  bean  beetle.  [An.  Rep. 
Smiths.  Inst.]  1940:  343-356,  ill.  Yuill,  J.  S.— Cold  hardi- 
ness of  two  species  of  bark  beetles  in  California  forest^ 
[12]  34:  702-709,  ill. 


300  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '41 

HYMENOPTERA.— Atherton,  G.— Do  bees  see  in  the 
dark?  Minnesota.  1941.  8  pp.  Blanchard,  E.  E. — Nuevos 
parasites  del  Bicho  de  Cesto  Oeceticus  kirbyi,  Guild.  [104] 
11:  1-21,  ill.  Brown,  R.  W. — Concerning  the  antiquity  of 
social  insects.  [5]  48:  105-110.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Ob- 
servations on  plants  and  insects  in  northwestern  Baja 
California,  Mexico,  with  descriptions  of  new  bees.  [Trans. 
San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.]  9:  339-352,  ill.  Clausen,  C.  P. 

-The  habits  of  the  Eucharidae.  [5]  48:  57-69.  Donis- 
thorpe,  H. — Synonymical  notes,  etc.,  on  Formicidae.  [8] 
77:  237-240.  Gemignani,  E.  V. — Una  nueva  especie  del 
genero  Trypoxylon.  (Specoidea).  [Rev.  Ent.  Soc.  Argen- 
tina] 11:  42-44,  ill.  Headley,  A.  E. — A  study  of  nest  and 
nesting  habits  of  the  ant  Lasius  niger  subsp.  alienus  var. 
americanus.  [7]  34:  649-657,  ill.  Lovell,  H.  B. — Ecology 
of  Kentucky  flowers :  The  fifth  stamen  of  Pentstemon  can- 
escens.  [Ann.  Kentucky  ?Jat.  Hist.]  1:  15-21,  ill.  Notes  on 
the  habits  of  Xylocopa  virginica.  [Kentucky  Acad.  Sci. 
Trans.]  8:  38-39.  Mickel,  C.  E.— Monograph  of  the  South 
American  mutillid  genus  Hoplocrates  (Mutillid.).  [105] 
12:  341-414.  (k*).  Mitchell,  R.  T.— The  alimentary  tract  of 
Vespula  maculifrons  Buy  (Vespid.).  [Ohio  Jour.  Sci.]  41 :  29- 
38,  ill.  Pate,  V.  S.  L. — A  review  of  the  genus  Entomocrabro 
(Sphecid.).  [105]  12:  45-61.  (k*s).  Rau,  P.— The  swarm- 
ing of  Polistes  wasps  in  temperate  regions.  [7]  34:  580-584. 
Smith,  C.  F. — A  new  species  of  hymenopterous  parasite  of 
the  pea  aphid  (Macrosiphum  pisi).  [7]  34:  537-538.  Snipes 
&  Vanetti. — Experiencias  sobre  o  combate  a  formiga  sauva, 
Atta  sexdens  (Formicid.)  [105]  12:  1-32,  ill.  Sparks,  S.  D. 

-Surface  anatomy  of  ants.  [7]  34:  572-579,  ill.  Stahel  & 
Geijskes. — Weitere  untersuchungen  uber  nestbau  und  gar- 
tenpilz  von  Atta  cephalotes  und  Atta  sexdens  (Formicid.). 
[105]  12:  243-268,  ill.  Takeuchi,  K.— A  Systematic  study 
of  the  suborder  Symphyta  of  the  Japanese  Empire  (IV). 
[Tenthredo]  3:  230-274,  ill.  (k).  Takeuchi  &  Tokunaga. 

—Morphological  study  of  head  and  mouthparts  of  a  re- 
markable Saw-fly,  Nipponorhynchus  mirabilis  Takenchi. 
[Tenthredo]  3:  275-291,  ill.  Walley,  G.  S.— Some  new  and 
little  known  Canadian  Ichneumonidae.  [4]  73:  164-170. 
Weber,  N.  A. — The  rediscovery  of  the  queen  of  Eciton 
coecum  (Formicid.).  [119]  26:  325-329,  ill.  The  biology  of 
the  fungus-growing  ants.  The  Barro  Colorado  Island, 
Canal  Zone,  species.  [105]  12:  93-130,  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. — Insect  Pests  of  Farm,  Garden 
and  Orchard.  By  L.  M.  Peairs.  New  York.  1941.  549  pp., 
ill. 


EXCHANQES 

This   column    is   intended   only   for   wants   and   exchanges,    not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
ongest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Insects  from  Northern  Korea. — I  will  collect  insects  for  specialists 
in  certain  groups  upon  their  request;  very  rich  fauna;  rates  reason- 
able. Address:  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Yankovsky,  Shuotsu-Ompo, 
Korea,  Japan. 

Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersej'. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Correio  1043,  Buenos  Aires, 
Rep.  Argentina. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Michigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum.  Bou1d<-r  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  lart'r  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 


PERU 


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I  deliver  at  moderate  prices  from  the  unexplored  primitive  Forest  of 
PERU:  Butterflies,  Beetles  (Ceramb.,  Curcul.  Scar,  etc.),  Odonata-Uragon- 
flies,  Orthoptera,  Hymenoptera,  Diptera,  etc,  in  first  class  quality. 

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INDEX  TO  VOLUME  Lll. 


(*Indicates  new  genera,  species,  names,  etc.) 
ABBOTT,  C.  E.     Modification  of  the  behavior  of  dragonfly 

nymphs  with  excised  Labia   47 

Why  does  Gyrinus  circle  ? 287 

AHRENS,  C.     Dragonflies  new  to  the  Mount  Desert  Island 

Region,  Maine   285 

ALEXANDER,  C.  P.    Undescribed  species  of  craneflies  from 

the  eastern  United  States  and  Canada 192 

Obituary :     M.  P.  Riedel  268 

ANON.    Henry  Clinton  Fall  Memorial  Publication  Fund..    108 

War  damage  to  Entomology  109 

The  Malaria-carrying  Anopheles  gambiae    125 

Obituary :     Dr.  Hugo  Kahl 150 

Obituary :    Dr.  Lee  Abram  Strong 187 

Tabanidae  of   Panama    232 

BALDUF,  W.  V.    Take  offs  by  prey-laden  wasps 91 

BEARD,  R.  L.  £  WALLACE,  P.  P.     Prothetely  in  Scolytus 

multistriatus    242 

BELL,  E.  L.    Two  new  species  of  Hesperiidae  from  North 

America     163 

On  Lerodea  telata  and  tyrtaeus   183 

BEQUAERT,  J.     A  new  race  of   Vespula  squamosa  from 

Michoacan,    Mexico    249 

BLAISDELL,  F.  E.,  SR.     A  new  species  of  Coniontis  from 

Nevada    131 

BLAKE,  C.  H.    Ants  preying  on  termites 38 

CADBURY,  J.  W.     Current  Entomological  Literature :     56, 
86,  110,  139,  173,  206,  233. 
Review:    The  Louse,  an  account  of  the  lice  which  infest 

man,  their  medical  importance  and  control 88 

CALVERT,  A.  S.    Cardinal  feeding  on  a  mantid 85 

CALVERT,  P.  P.     Obituary :     Katherine  Mayo   29 

Obituary :     F.  W.  Edwards 30 

Obituary :     Otto  Emil  Plath   30 

301 


302  INDEX 

Obituary :     Grace  Adelbert  Sandhouse   30 

Obituary :     John    Pattillo   Turner    30 

Obituary :     Charles  William  Woodworth   30 

Obituary :     Samuel  Henshaw 90,  241 

Obituary :     Charles  William  Leng   90 

Obituary :     Levi  W.  Mengel   90 

Obituary :     Charles  Wardell  Stiles   90 

Obituary:     Prof.  Myron  Harmon  Swenk 240 

Obituary :     Alexandre  Arsene  Girault   268 

Obituary :     Charles  Branch  Wilson   269 

Obituary :     Prof.  Ellison  Adger  Smyth,  Jr 270 

Review :    Plant  galls  and  gall  makers 117 

Review :    The  embryology  of  insects  and  myriapods ....  148 

Review:     How  to  make  an  insect  collection 154 

Review :     Insects  and  their  stories   210 

Review:    Atlas  of  the  scale  insects  of  North  America.  .  238 

CHAMBERLIN,  R.  V.    Seven  new  millipeds  from  Mexico.  .  250 

CLARK,  A.  H.    The  genus  Colias  in  North  America.  .185,  220 
CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.     New  genera  and  species  of   North 

American  Ephydridae   35 

Review:     Insect  pests  of  farm,  garden  and  orchard.  .  .  .  259 
CRESSON,  (see  Meiners,  E.  P.  &  Cresson,  E.  T.,  Jr.) 

DAHL,  R.  G.    The  Leng  types  of  Cicindelidae 169,  188 

DARLINGTON,  P.  J.,  JR.    The  Insect  Collection  of  Thaddeus 

W.  Harris  (1795-1856)    273 

DENNING,  D.   G.     Descriptions  of  three  new  species  of 

Mexican  Chimarrha    83 

FISHER,  E.  G.     Notes  on  Costa  Rican  Mycetophilidae.  ...  8 

A  "Zippered"  sweeping  net  226 

Current  Entomological  Literature:     19. 

FORBES,  W.  T.  M.    The  early  genera  of  Ithomiinae 1 

Does   he   stridulate  ?    79 

Line-elements  in  butterfly  patterns   151 

What  is  Pseudomechanitis  ? 276 

Fox,  I.    A  new  Opisodasys  from  Idaho 45 


INDEX  303 

FRANCLEMONT,  J.  G.    Notes  on  Cuculliinae 201 

FREEMAN,  H.  A.     A  new  species  of   Amblyscirtes   from 
Texas     50 

FRIENDS  OF  L.  W.  M.    Obituary:    Dr.  Levi  W.  Mengel.  .    178 

FUNKHOUSER,  W.  D.     "Prof.  Funkhouser  on  a  Collecting 
Trip"     275 

GILLESPIE,  J.     Some  unusual  dragonfly  records  from  New 
Jersey     225 

HARMSTON,  F.  C.     Review :     Generic  relationships  of  the 
Dolichopodidae,  based  on  a  study  of  the  mouth  parts.  .   267 

HAYES,  W.  P.     A  bibliography  of  keys  for  the  identifica- 
tion of  immature  insects,  Part  II.  Odonata 52,  66,  93 

HULL,  F.   M.     Some  new  syrphid  flies  from   North  and 

South  America  157 

Some  new  species  of  Syrphidae  from  Florida,  Cuba  and 
Brazil     278 

IRWIN,   W.   H.     A  preliminary   list   of   the   Culicidae   of 
Michigan     101 

JAMES,  M.  T.     Notes  on  the  nearctic  Geosarginae 105 

JOHNSON,  P.  H.     Some  of  the  Eumolpinae  and  Chrysome- 
linae  of  South  Dakota   9 

JONES,  D.  T.     Further  notes  on  the  snail-collecting  Aphis- 
lion   larva    39 

J.  S.  W.    Review :     Insect  pests  of  stored  grain  and  grain 
products,  identification,  habits  and  methods  of  control .  .   239 

KNIGHT,  K.  L.     A  migratory  flight  of  Phoebis  agarithe.  .   274 

KNOWLTON,  G.  F.    Western  Aphid  notes 136 

KNULL,  J.  N.    Two  new  Texas  Buprestidae 98 

A  new  Texas  Agrilus  283 

LA  RIVERS,  I.     Additions  to  the  list  of   Nevada  dragon - 
fllies    126,    155 

LEECH,  H.  B.    The  dates  of  publication  of  two  articles  on 
Coleoptera  by  John  L.  LeConte,  issued  in  1845 290 

LIST,  G.  M.    Obituary:     Clarence  Preston    Gillette  .  120 


304  INDEX 

MACKEY,  L.  S.     Current  Entomological  Literature:     19, 
56,  86,  110,  139,  173,  206,  233,  260,  292. 

MEINERS.  E.  P.     Obituary:     Hermann  Schwarz 118 

Obituary :     George  W.  Bock 119 

Obituary :     August  Knetzger    119 

MEINERS,  E.  P.  &  CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.    Obituary :    Charles 
L.  Heink  119 

MOOREFIELD,  H.  H.    Addenda  to  the  Odonata  of  Maryland  133 

O'BYRNE,  H.  I.     The  hibernation  in  Missouri  of  Zerene 

caesonia  and  Euptoieta  claudia   181 

PATE,  V.  S.  L.     Current  Entomological  Literature:     19, 
56,  86,  110,  139,  173,  206,  233. 

On  two  species  of  Diploplectron  from  Texas 4 

A  synonymical  note  on  Crabro  (Blepharipus)  davidsoni     34 
On  a  new  subgenus  of  Pemphilidine  wasps  from  Cuba.    121 

PYLE,  R.  W.    Triungulins  of  a  rhipiphorid  beetle  borne  by 
Elis  quinquecincta   74 

RAU,    P.      A    population    study   of    a   bumblebee    colony, 

Bombus  americanorum   70 

Cockroaches :     The  forerunners  of  termites  256 

Migrating    butterflies,    Libythea    bachmanii    larvata    in 
Texas 277 

REHN,  J.  W.  H.     Current  Entomological  Literature:    292. 

RICHARDS,  A.  G.,  JR.    Current  Entomological  Literature:    292. 
A   stenogamic   autogenous   strain   of   Culex   pipiens   in 
North  America 211 

ROBINSON,  M.    A  new  species  of  Trox  from  Texas 134 

Notes  on  some  rare  Scarabaeidae  with  the  description  of 
one  new  species   227 

Ross,   H.   H.     Review:     The   Francis   Walker   types   of 
Trichoptera  in  the  British  Museum 177 

SCHMIEDER,    R.    G.      Current    Entomological    Literature: 
233,  292. 
Review :     Entomophagous  insects 116 

SMITH,  F.    A  note  on  noctuid  larvae  found  in  ant's  nests  109 

WAGNER,    W.    H.,    JR.      District    of    Columbia    butterfly 
notes   196,  245 


INDEX  305 

WALLACE,  (see  Beard,  R.  L.  &  Wallace,  P.  P.) 

WESTFALL,  M.  J.     Notes  on  Florida  Odonata 15,  31 

WILLIAMS,  J.  L.     The  relations  of  the  spermatophore  to 

the  female  reproductive  ducts  in  lepidoptera 61 

WILLIAMS,  R.  C.    A  list  of  butterflies  which  may  be  found 

within  50  miles  of  Philadelphia   217 

Review :     Butterflies   239 

WILLIAMS,  R.  W.    Notes  on  bionomics  of  Ataxia  hubbardi 

in   Illinois  271 


306 


INDEX 


GENERAL  SUBJECTS 

Bird    (Cardinal)    feeding  on  a 

mantid     85 

Bird  nests,  beetles  in  227 

Collection  in  the   British   Mu- 
seum    of     Natural     History 
Damage  to  Entomological..     14 
Collection     of     Thaddeus     W. 

Harris     273 

Current  Entomological  Litera- 
ture: 19,  56,  86,  110,  139, 
173,  206,  233,  260,  292. 
Dates  of  publication  of  two 
articles  on  Coleoptera  by 
John  L.  Leconte,  issued  in 

1845     290 

Insect  collection,  how  to  make  154 
Immature  insects,  Bibliography 

of  keys  52,  66,  93 

Insect  Hosts   74,  91,  109 

Insect  parasites    71 

Malaria-carrying        Anopheles 

gambiae    125 

Plant   Hosts    271 

Prey  of  ants   38 

Snail-collecting  Aphis-lion  larva    39 

Sweeping  net,   Zippered    226 

War   damage   to  entomology..    109 

OBITUARY  NOTICES 

Bock,  George  W 119 

Edwards,  F.  W 30 

Gillette,  Clarence  Preston 120 

Girault,  A.  A 268 

Heink,   Charles   L 119 

Henshaw,  Samuel  90,  241 

Kahl,   H 150 

Knetzger,   August    119 

Leng,  Charles  William   90 

Mayo,  Katherine   29 

Mengel,  Levi.  W 90,   178 

Plath,  O.  E 30 

Riedel,  M.  P 268 

Sandhouse,  G.  A 30 


Schwarz,    Hermann    118 

Smyth,   E.   A.,   Jr 270 

Stiles,   Charles   Wardell    90 

Strong,  Lee  Abram   187 

Swenk,   Prof.   Myron  Harmon  240 

Turner,  J.  P 30 

Wilson,  C.  B 269 

Woodworth,  C.  W 30 

PERSONALS 

Fall,  Henry  Clinton,  Memorial 
Publication  Fund  108 

Funkhouser  (Prof.)  on  collec- 
ting trip  275 

Scott,  Hugh    138 

REVIEWS 

Betten  &  Mosely:  The  Fran- 
cis Walker  types  of  Trich- 
optera  in  the  British  Museum  177 

Buxton :  The  Louse,  an  ac- 
count of  the  lice  which  infest 
man,  their  medical  impor- 
tance and  control  88 

Clausen :  Entomophagous  in- 
sects    116 

Cotton:  Insect  pests  of  stored 
grain  and  grain  products, 
identification,  habits  and 
methods  of  control  239 

Cregan :  Generic  relationships 
of  the  Dolichopodidae,  based 
on  a  study  of  the  mouth 
parts  267 

Felt:  Plant  galls  and  gall 
makers  117 

Ferris :  Atlas  of  the  scale 
insects  of  North  America  . .  238 

Hoogstraal,  Martinson  &  Mohr : 
Insects  and  their  stories....  210 

Johannsen  &  Butt :  The  em- 
bryology of  insects  and  my- 
riapods  148 

Macy  &  Shepard:     Butterflies  239 

Peairs :  Insect  pests  of  farm, 
garden  and  orchard  259 


INDEX 


307 


GEOGRAPHICAL 
DISTRIBUTION 

Alabama :      Neur    40 

Arizona:     Col.  189;  Lepid....   164 
California:     Col.  9,   172,   191; 

Dipt.  35;  Lepid   167 

Canada :     Col.    170. 

Central     America :       Dipt.     8, 

121,  158,  278;  Lepid 183 

Colorado:     Col.   170,   189. 

Connecticut:     Dipt 163 

District  of   Columbia :     Lepid. 

185,  196,  245 

Florida:     Col.  170;  Dipt.  278; 

Lepid.  167;  Odon 15,31 

Idaho :     Siphon    45 

Illinois::     Col 171,  271 

Indiana :     Neur    39 

Louisiana  :     Col 171 

Maine:    Dipt.  37,   194;   Odon.  285 

Maryland  :      Odon 133 

Massachusetts:      Col.   231; 

Dipt 163 

Mexico :      Hym.    249 ;    Lepid. 

164,  274;  Neur 82 

Michigan :      Dipt 37 

Minnesota :      Dipt 193 

Missouri :     Lepid 181 

Montana:      Col 188 

Nevada:     Col.  131,  Odon.  126, 

155. 

Newfoundland:      Col 188 

New  Jersey :     Col.     229 ; 

Dipt 163 

New  Mexico :     Lepid 165 

New  York:     Col.  172;  Lepid. 

204. 

North  Carolina :     Neur  40 

Ohio:      Dipt.    106;    Hym.   91; 

Neur    40 

Oregon:     Col 188 

Pennsylvania  :     Col.  229 ;  Dipt. 

211;   Orth.  85. 


South  America  Dipt.  161,  278; 

Lepid.     183 

South     Dakota :       Eumolpinae 

and  Chrysomelinae    9 

Tennessee  :     Dipt 196 

Texas  :    Col.  98,  134,  190,  283 ; 

Hym.  4;  Lepid.  50,  164,  277. 
Virginia:     Col 229 

COLEOPTERA 

Acmacodera     98 

acqualis,   Trox    230 

Agrilns,  Texas  283 

Aphodius    231 

Ataxia,   Bionomics    271 

Beetles  in  birds  nests  227 

bellissinm,  Cicindela    188 

botvditchi,  Cicindela    190 

Buprestidae,  Texas   98 

Chrysomelinae  of  South  Dakota     9 

Cicindela  169,  188 

Cicindelidae,  Types  of   169 

Cinura     99 

Colaspidea    9 

confnsum,    Tribolhim    242 

Coniontis  from  Nevada  131 

crypto,  Ataxia    271 

Epilachna   242 

Eumolpinae  of  South  Dakota.       9 

Fidia    9 

flavipennis,  Macrosiagon  78 

floridana,  Tclmcha    170 

fuliginosus*,  Trox  134 

yillcspicnsis*,  Acmacodera    . .       98 

Gyrimts  circle,  Why  does 287 

harrisi,    Cicindela    190 

hcntziana,   Cicindela    191 

Horia     76 

horiconensis,    Cicindela    172 

hubbardi,  Ataxia    271 

intcrmcdins.   Omits    169 

knansii,   Cicindela    191 

larivcrsi*,   Coniontis   131 

laticollis,    Trox    231 

limpiae*,   Agrilns    283 


308 


INDEX 


longnlus,  Melanotus    242 

ludoviciana,    Cicindela    171 

Macrosiagon    78 

maculata,  Horia  76 

manitoba,    Cicindela    170 

man-it  obensis,    Aphodius    231 

marie o pa,  Cicindela 189 

Melanotus    242 

minor,    Cicindela    171 

monachiis,    Trox    134 

multistriatus,  Scolytus   242 

nigerrima,    Cicindela    170 

novatcrrae,   Cicindela   188 

oblongus,   Aphodius    232 

obsolctoguttatus,   Agrilns    284 

Omus    169 

oslari,    Cicindela    189 

Phaedon   9 

Phyllophaga    232 

postrema,   Phyllophaga    232 

Prasocuris     9 

Rhipiphorid  beetle  Triungulins       74 

Rhipiphorns     76 

roburdla*,    Cinura    99 

robusta,   Cicindela    190 

Scarabaeidae,     Notes    on    and 

description  of   227 

Scolytus,  Prothetely  in   242 

sierra,  Cicindela  172 

simi,    Trox    229 

solidaginis,  Rhipiphorus 76 

strialus,    Trox    231 

suberosus,    Trox    228 

Tetracha     170 

transversa,  Cicindela 171 

Tribolium 242 

Trox    134,   227 

tuolumnae,   Cicindela    191 

tytus*,  Trox   228 

varivestris,  Epilachna 242 

vestalia,  Cicindt  la   188 

viticida,    Fidia    9 

DIPTERA 

analis,  Leia   ,  8 


Anopheles    125 

Baccha    161 

beameri*,  Merosargus    107 

bergi*,  Hydrellia   37 

browcriana* ,  Limonia  193 

caerulijrons,  Merosargus  107 

California*,  Helaeomyia  35 

Ceplialochrysa     106 

Chloromyia    106 

Chrysochroma     106 

chrysoprcssa*,    Planes    158 

Clasiopella   36 

clavis,   Macrosargns    107 

costariccnsis*,  Lcia   8 

Crane  flies  from  eastern  United 
States   and    Canada,    Undes- 

cribed    192 

Culcx       pipiens,       Stenogamic 

autogenous   strain  211 
Culicidae    of    Michigan,    Pre- 
liminary list    101 

cnprescens*,  Planes  159 

Dicranoptycha     195 

Discocerina    35 

Dolichopesa     192 

Ephydridae,    North    American  35 

flavipcs*,  Discocerina  35 

florida*,  Volucella  278 

formosa,   Chloromyia    107 

gambiae,  Anopheles   125 

Geosarginae,   Nearctic    105 

Gcosargus    106 

grisea*,   Planes    281 

Helaeomyia*    35 

Hydrellia   37 

johnsoni*,    Hydrellia    37 

johnsoni*,  Mixogaster   162 

Leia  (see  Bolctina) 

Limonia    193 

luccn-s,   Gcosargus    107 

Macrosargus 107 

melanofnis*,  Ptecticus  trivitta- 

tus    106 

Merosargus    107 

mctatarsata,  Clasiopella   36 


INDEX 


309 


Microchrysa     106 

Mimapsilopa*    36 

Mixogaster    162 

molcstus,  Culex   215 

Mycetophilidae,  Costa  Rican . .  8 

Nothomyia     105 

picta,   Volucella    278 

pictipcnnis,    Platyura    8 

pictoides*,    Volucella    280 

pipiens,    Culex    211 

Planes 158  281 

Platyura  8 

polita,    Dolichopeza    193 

polita,  Microchrysa  107 

pratti*,  Dolichopeza   192 

Proceroplatiis    (see    Platyura) 

Ptecticus    105 

Sargus    107 

sepia*,  Baccha   161 

Syrphid  flies  from  North  and 

South  America  157 

Syrphidae  from  Florida,  Cuba 

and  Brazil   278 

Tabanidae  of  Panama   232 

temtessa*,   Dicranoptycha    ....  195 

tricolor,  Sargus    107 

Valeria*,    Planes     282 

vittata*,   Platyura    8 

Volucella    278 

HEMIPTERA 

Aphid  notes,  Western   136 

Aphis    136 

linnci,    Tibicen    92 

tctradymia* ,  Aphis   136 

Tibicen   92 

HYMENOPTERA 

americanorum,  Bombus   70 

Ants  preying  on  termites  38 

Bembex    78 

Blepharipus    34 

Bombus    70 

Bumblebee   colony,    Population 

study    70 


Crabro    34 

Crossocerus  (see  Blepharipus) 

cyanauges*,  Ectemnius  123 

davidsoni,    Crabro    34 

Diploplectron  from  Texas    ...  4 

Ectemnius    123 

Elis     74 

Formica    109 

Harpalu~s    71 

herbivagus,    Harpalus    71 

kantsi*,  Diploplectron    6 

Merospis*     121 

michoacana*,   Vespula    249 

obscuripcs,  Formica  rufa    ....  109 

parkeri,  Blepharipus   34 

Pemphilidine  wasps  from  Cuba  121 

Psithyrus     71 

quinquecincta,   Elis    74 

speciosus,  Sphecius   91 

spinolae,  Bembex  78 

sqnamosa,    Vespula    249 

variabilis,  Psithyrus    71 

Vespula     from     Michoacan, 

Mexico    249 

vierecki*,  Diploplectron  4 

Wasps,   Prey-laden    19 

LEPIDOPTERA 

acrisione,  Athcsis 3 

agarithc,   Phocbis    274 

Amblyscirtes  from  Texas   ....  50 

americalis,  Epizeuxis   109 

Antigonus    165 

apcllus,  Hesperia  183 

Aprotopus    2 

arpa,  Atrytone   168 

astyoche,  Pierella    153 

Athesis    1 

Atrytone     167 

bchrii,   C  alias    224 

belli*,    Amblyscirtes    50 

bcrryi*,   Atrytone    167 

bimaculata,  Atrytone    168 

Butterflies     found     within     50 

miles  of  Philadelphia  217 


310 


INDEX 


Butterfly    notes,     District    o  f 

Columbia    196,   245 

Butterfly     patterns,      Line-ele- 
ments in  151 

cacsonia,  Zcrene 181 

Callimormus    184 

celia,  Amblyscirtcs   51 

Ceratinia    276 

ccromatica,  Pyrcferra  204 

chrysotheme,   C alias    224 

citrombra*,   Pyrcferra    203 

claudia,  Euptoieta   181 

Colias  in  North  America.  186,  223 

conspicua,  Atrytonc    168 

Crino    (see  Mniotypc}    

Cuculliinae,  Notes   201 

ditcta,  Mniotypc,  Hadcna   ....   201 

egina,  Melinaca    1 

elides,  Callimormus 184 

Epizeuxis   , 109 

eriphylc,    Colias    223 

Euptoieta,    Hibernation    in 

Missouri     181 

eury theme,  Colias    186 

evansi*,  Antigonus    165 

gracfiana,  Scopelosoma    202 

guatrmalana,   Colias    223 

hccla,  Colias   224 

Hcsperia     183 

Hesperidae  from  North  America  163 
hesperidago,   Pyrcferra, 

Hoporina    202 

Hirsutis    1 

indirecta,  Xanthia   202 

Ithomiinae,   Genera    1 

kootenai,  Colias    223 

larvata,  Libythca   277 

Lerodea    183 

Libythca   bachmanii   larvata 

migrating     277 

limpida,   Ceratinia    276 

machaonidcs,  Papilio 154 

marmorca,  Tamphana  79 

maxima,  Phocbis  274 

mcadii,  Colias  224 


Megistias    184 

Melinaca     1 

mcrgelana,  Ceratinia  276 

Mctaxaglaca    202 

Mniotype*    201 

moffatiana,  Scopelosoma   202 

Olyras     3 

Papilio    154 

parado.va,   Ceratinia    276 

pcttiti,  Pyrcferra   204 

philodicc,  Colias 186 

Phocbis  agarithe,   Migratory 

flight    274 

Pierella     153 

Prcpona    153 

Pscctraglaca    202 

Pscudomechanitis  (see  Ceratinia} 
pulverulenta,    Antigonus,    Leu- 

cochitonea,  Systasca   164 

Pyrcferra   202 

Reproductive  ducts    (Female) 

in  lepidoptera   61 

rumina,  Thais  154 

Scopclosotna    202 

Sericaglaca*    201 

signata,    Scricaglaea,    Orthosia  201 

sommcri,    Crino    201 

Spermatophore      and       female 

reproductive    ducts    61 

tacniatus,   Tagiadcs  164 

Tagiadcs     164 

Tamphana,    79 

telata,  Lerodea,  Cobalus,  Hes- 

pcria    183 

telata,   Magistias    184 

Tcllcrvo    2 

Thais     154 

Thyridia     1 

Tithorca   1 

tyrtacus,  Lerodea,  Hcsperia...   183 

Velamysta    4 

ivcrdandi,   Colias    224 

Xanthia     202 

zampa,  Hcsperia   164 

Zcrene,  Hibernation  in  Missouri  181 


INDEX 


311 


ODONATA 

Celithemis    225 

Bibliography  of  keys  for  iden- 
tification of  immature  O.  52, 

66,   93. 
Dragonflies  new  to  the  Mount 

Desert  Island  Region 285 

Dragonfly  nymphs,  Behavior  of     47 
Dragonfly  records,  New  Jersey  225 

Florida  Odonata,  Notes 15,  31 

Nevada  drangonflies,  Additions 

to  list  126,  155 

Odonata  of  Maryland,  Addenda 

to    133 

verna,  Celithemis  225 

ORTHOPTERA 

americana.,  Periplaneta  256 

anstralasiae,  Periplaneta    256 

Blatta    256 

Blattclla    257 

Cockroaches   forerunners   of 

Termites     256 

Cryptocercus   257 

gcrmanica,  Blattclla   257 

orientalis,  Blatta    256 

Panchlora     257 

Paratcnodcra     85 

Parcoblatta    257 

Pennsylvania,  Parcoblatta   . . .  257 

Periplaneta    256 

punctulatus,  Cryptocercus   257 

sinensis,  Paratcnodcra    85 

virginica,  Parcoblatta   257 

viridis,  Panchlora    257 

SMALLER    ORDERS 

Aphis-lion  larva,  snail-collecting    39 


betteni*,   Chimarrha    82 

Ch'nnarrha,   Mexican    82 

darzviniensis,  Mastotcrmes   . . .  258 

enoplus,   Opisodasys    45 

Hcmerobius   39 

jcllisoni*,  Opisodasys   46 

kccni.    Opisodasys    45 

Mastotcrmes    258 

Nodita    39 

Opisodasys  from  Idaho  45 

pscndarctomys,  Opisodasys  ...  45 

pylaca*,  Ch'nnarrha  84 

ridlcyi*,    Chimarrha    83 

robustits,  Opisodasys  45 

spatiosns  (see  robustus) 

Termites,  Ants  preying  on 38 

Termites,  Cockroaches  the  fore- 
runners      256 

vcsperalis,   Opisodasys   45 

virginica,  Nodita   39 

NON-HEXAPODA 

Cleidogona  250 

Eurelu-s     255 

hoogstralli*,  Mcssicobohis  ....  254 

leonicus*,  Orthoporus 252 

Messicobolns   254 

michoacana*,  Cleidogona  251 

Millipeds  from  Mexico  250 

nigrior*,  Spirobolus    253 

nucva*,  Cleidogona   250 

Orthoporus    252 

potosianits*,  Rhinocricus   252 

Rhinocricus   252 

Spirobolus    253 

tancitarus*,   Eurclus    255 


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VOLUME  LIII,  1942 


PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  PH.  D.,  EDITOR 

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CONTENTS 

Lafleur — Wooden-Walled   Ant   Nests    (Hymen.:    Formicidae) 1 

Sabrosky — Types  vs.   Types    

Chamberlin  —  A  New  American  Centiped  of  the  Genus  Scutigera 

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Satterthwait  --  Weevils    (Coleoptera,    Curculionidae)    Affecting    Chufa 

(Cyperus   esculentus)     11 

White — A   New   Genus  and   Species   of   Coleoptera    (Chrysomelidae)    from 

Southwestern  United  States   16 

Obituary — Prof.  James   Troop    21 

Barber  and  Pepper  —  The   Corn  Lanternfly  in   New  Jersey   (Homopt. : 

Fulgoridae)     22 

Schoof  —  Sponge  Rubber  :     Its  Use  in  Shipping  Containers 22 

Ceballos  and  Cordoba — Institute  Espanol  de  Entomologia 23 

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Beall  —  On  the   Relationship   between   the   Moth   Camptylochila  americalis 

Gn.    and    Formica    rufa    obscuripes    Forel      (Lcpid. :     Noctuidae ; 

Hymen. :    Formicidae )     24 

List  of  Titles  of  Publications (unnumbered) 

Current  Entomological  Literature   25 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  JANUARY,  1942  No  1 

Wooden- Walled  Ant  Nests  (Hymen.:  Formicidae). 

By  LAURENCE  J.  LAFLEUR,  New  York  City. 

The  author  has  developed  a  type  of  formicary  which  has 
several  advantages  over  types  hitherto  described,  and  which  is 
suitable  for  temporary  or  permanent  nests  and  for  both  large 
and  small  species  of  ants.  It  differs  from  older-type  nests 
principally  in  the  use  of  plywood  in  its  construction. 

One  difficulty  in  the  construction  of  formicaries  is  to  have 
the  glass  cover  fit  snugly  on  top  of  the  walls  so  that  the  ants 
do  not  escape  through  the  crevices.  This  consideration  be- 
comes paramount  when  dealing  with  very  small  species,  which 
manage  to  squeeze  themselves  into  surprisingly  small  inter- 
stices in  their  efforts  to  escape  or  explore.  The  simplest 
method  of  producing  a  perfect  fit  is  that  developed  by  Sant- 
schi  and  described  by  Wheeler,  where  plaster  of  Paris  is  poured 
along  the  lines  where  walls  and  partitions  are  to  be  on  a  pane 
of  glass  used  as  a  base,  and  quickly  covered  with  another  piece 
of  glass  whose  under  surface  has  been  oiled.  As  the  upper 
pane  is  pressed  down,  the  plaster  spreads  into  an  even  contact 
between  the  two  panes,  forming  walls  of  regular  height  but 
irregular  width,  and  with  uneven  vertical  surfaces.  It  is  de- 
sirable to  place  between  the  panes  small  pieces  of  glass  or  other 
material  which  will  hold  the  panes  at  the  proper  distance  apart. 

The  Santschi  nest  has  the  advantages  of  quick  and  easy  pro- 
duction and  of  cheapness,  and  is  reliable  for  the  temporary 
housing  of  small  ants,  but  it  has  several  defects.  First,  it  is 
available  only  for  the  smaller  ants,  as  the  panes  are  not  usu- 
ally more  than  an  eighth  of  an  inch  apart  and  often  less. 
Second,  the  method  of  manufacture  gives  highly  irregular 
vertical  surfaces,  and,  in  places  at  least,  very  thick  walls.  In  a 

1 


2  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

small  nest,  as  this  type  necessarily  is,  these  are  not  only  un- 
aesthetic  but  constitute  an  important  waste  of  space.  Third, 
if  the  plaster  is  quite  liquid,  the  walls  will  be  impossibly  thick: 
if  the  plaster  has  considerable  body  when  poured,  it  dries 
quickly  and  there  is  no  time  to  make  either  a  large  nest  or  ex- 
tensive subdivisions.  Fourth,  plaster  cracks  readily,  and  any 
attempt  to  alter  the  nest  after  the  plaster  starts  to  set  is 
apt  to  end  disastrously.  Fifth,  ants  need  a  great  deal  of  mois- 
ture, and  if  kept  wet  a  small  piece  of  plaster  will  disintegrate. 
Finally,  plaster  is  a  dirty  material  to  work  with,  for  the  ants 
as  well  as  for  the  myrmecologist,  and  there  are  serious  diffi- 
culties in  providing  the  ants  with  water  uncontaminated  with 
plaster.  In  consequence,  the  author  prefers  some  other  type 
of  nest  for  all  but  the  smallest  ants,  and  even  in  their  case 
considers  some  modification  desirable. 

A  second  way  to  attain  fit  is  by  the  use  of  compressible 
materials  for  the  walls.  The  Fielde  nest  and  Wheeler's  modi- 
fication, where  towelling  is  used,  is  the  best  example  of  this 
type  of  construction.  It  is  a  satisfactory  nest  for  large  ants- 
even  elegant  in  some  respects — but  it  is  difficult  and  expen- 
sive to  make,  and  unsuitable  for  medium  and  small  species, 
since  the  latter  can  make  their  way  through  the  interstices. 
Even  large  ants  may  escape  if  the  towelling,  sponge,  cotton, 
or  similar  material  is  not  perfectly  fitted  and  of  even  thickness : 
even  a  slight  imperfection  may  be  fatal,  since  a  glass  top  is 
not  sufficiently  heavy  to  do  much  leveling  of  irregularities. 
Finally,  this  type  of  nest  gets  dirty  quickly,  and  entails  con- 
siderable trouble  in  replacing  the  towelling. 

The  simplest  and  most  suitable  way  of  ensuring  a  good  fit 
is  to  use  a  material  which  is  commercially  available  in  accurate 
thicknesses,  and  the  author  has  had  much  success  with  ply- 
wood, although  doubtless  a  plastic  will  eventually  find  its  way 
onto  the  market  that  will  be  still  better.  A  good  quality  of 
plywood  is  reasonably  warp-proof,  perfectly  even  in  thickness, 
and  easily  cut  with  a  jig-saw  into  any  arrangement  of  outside 
walls  and  partitions  of  any  desired  complexity.  These  walls 
and  partitions  are  made  in  one  single  piece,  and  a  variety  of 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

wall-sets  may  be  stacked  together  in  very  little  space  while 
awaiting  service.  Such  nests  are  satisfactory  for  all  large 
species,  most  medium-sized,  and  some  small ;  depending  in 
part  on  the  size  of  the  nest  and  quality  of  the  plywood,  and 
partly  on  the  species  itself.  Only  experience  will  show  which 
species  need  special  treatment,  for  size  alone  is  not  a  reliable 
guide:  Nylanderia  vividula,  for  example,  though  only  half  the 
length  of  Tetramorium  guineensis,  will  not  go  through  cracks 
sufficient  to  allow  the  larger  species  to  squeeze  through.  Where 
the  fit  of  glass  to  plywood  is  not  accurate  enough  for  a  given 
species,  the  glass  may  be  sealed  to  the  wood  by  the  use  of  wax 
or  some  similar  material.  In  this  case,  of  course  openings  must 
be  provided  in  the  walls  for  the  introduction  of  food  and  water. 

Wall-sets  are  made  in  a  few  standard  sizes,  so  that  all  wall- 
sets  and  glass  panes  are  interchangeable.  The  author  has  made 
them  in  three  sizes,  about  8  by  12,  6  by  8,  and  4  by  6  inches; 
and  in  three  thicknesses,  one-eighth,  one-quarter,  and  three- 
eighths  of  an  inch.  For  permanent  nests  it  is  desirable  to 
select  a  thickness  such  that  the  ants  in  the  nest  can  touch  the 
glass  cover  above  them ;  in  this  way  they  combine  sufficient 
room  with  the  attainment  of  a  feeling  of  security  in  the  ants 
which  they  seem  to  have  when  they  recognize  that  they  are 
covered:  for  field  work  the  one-quarter  thickness  is  prefer- 
able, since  it  is  sufficiently  thick  to  take  any  ant  as  a  temporary 
measure,  and  not  inconveniently  thick  for  the  smaller  species. 
For  temporary  nests  it  is  sufficient  to  place  a  suitable  wall-set 
upon  a  glass  or  plywood  base,  and  cover  with  glass.  For  perm- 
anent nests  the  wall-set  is  glued,  nailed,  or  screwed  to  the  base. 

Except  when  the  formicary  is  to  be  used  on  the  stage  of  a 
compound  microscope,  the  author  prefers  a  wooden  base; 
partly  because  it  permits  the  use  of  nails  and  screws,  partly 
because  it  gives  a  good  footing  to  the  ants  when  used  without 
further  covering,  and  partly  because  it  permits  the  sinking  of 
water  and  food  containers  into  the  base.  Three-eighths  inch 
plywood  is  used  for  the  base,  no  matter  what  the  wall-thickness 
may  be.  Either  a  glass  or  a  plywood  base  may  be  covered 
with  paper  before  being  used,  the  color  of  the  paper  being 


4  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

chosen  so  as  to  provide  a  contrasting  background  for  both  the 
adult  ants  and  the  young  of  whatever  species  is  to  be  kept  in 
the  nest,  but  the  use  of  paper  is  rarely  advantageous  if  the 
wooden  base  is  used. 

When  one-quarter  or  three-eighth  inch  walls  are  used,  they 
may  be  nailed  in  position  or  preferably  screwed  from  the  base 
side.  The  advantage  in  the  use  of  screws  is  that  they  aid  in 
preventing  warping,  and  that  they  may  readily  be  removed  for 
the  interchange  of  wall-sets  or  the  replacement  of  the  paper; 
which,  in  this  case,  is  a  single  sheet  inserted  between  the  base 
and  wall-set  and  held  in  place  by  the  screws  joining  the  two 
latter.  With  the  one-eighth  inch  wall-set,  or  when  the  one- 
quarter  is  to  be  used  for  field  work  where  very  small  ants  may 
be  collected,  the  formicary  should  be  put  together  with  glue 
instead  of  screws  or  nails,  since  the  latter  distort  the  upper 
surface  of  the  wall-set  sufficiently  to  permit  very  small  ants 
to  escape.  A  glue  must  be  selected,  such  as  casein  for  example, 
which  will  not  soften  when  wet  and  which  does  not  make  use 
of  an  ether  or  acetone  base,  which,  in  the  confined  space  of  the 
formicary,  gives  off  vapors  sufficient  to  kill  the  ants,  even  after 
drying  for  as  long  as  six  months.  Glue  is  necessary  for  the 
one-eighth  inch  nests,  and  it  is  also  perfectly  suitable  for  the 
larger  ones. 

Except  when  special  arrangements  are  made,  access  to  the 
interior  of  the  nest  is  obtained  by  sliding  the  glass  cover  so 
that  one  edge  or  corner  is  exposed.  Consequently,  food  and 
water  receptacles  should  be  located  in  the  corners  when  pos- 
sible, and  otherwise  along  the  sides.  Metal  or  other  water- 
tight receptacles  may  be  used,  or  a  receptacle  may  be  hollowed 
out  in  the  wooden  base  and  waterproofed  with  wax  or  varnish. 
In  any  case  it  is  preferable  that  the  container  be  sunk  into  the 
wooden  base  of  the  nest.  Chiseling  out  a  section  of  the  ply- 
wood is  a  very  simple  operation,  and  food  and  water  are  thus 
kept  sanitarily  isolated,  and  where  they  are  not  so  apt  to  spill 
over  onto  adjoining  parts  of  the  nest.  Furthermore,  this  op- 
eration enables  more  water  to  be  kept  in  the  nest,  so  that  it 
need  not  be  renewed  too  often.  The  water  container  is  made 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  5 

fairly  large,  say  two  inches  in  diameter  for  an  eight  by  twelve 
nest,  and  an  eighth  to  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  depth.  It  is 
sunk  to  be  flush  with  the  base,  and  is  filled  with  cotton  which 
is  kept  thoroughly  wet.  For  very  small  nests  smaller  containers 
must  be  used,  and  they  have  to  be  filled  more  often — once  a 
day  or  even  twice  a  day  instead  of  twice  a  week,  depending 
upon  atmospheric  conditions.  Food  containers  are  similar  to 
the  water  containers,  except  that  they  are  much  smaller,  and 
may  even  be  omitted  altogether.  There  may  be  one  or  two  in 
a  nest,  and  they  should  be  located  some  distance  from  the 
water  container  when  possible.  For  a  fully  developed  nest, 
the  food  and  water  may  be  at  opposite  corners,  but  in  an  in- 
cipient one,  both  must  be  near  the  section  used  by  the  queen. 
Opening  the  nest  to  renew  the  food  and  water  supply  be- 
comes a  more  difficult  problem  as  the  number  of  workers  in 
the  nest  increases,  and  with  species  that  become  alarmed 
easily  or  are  of  persistently  exploratory  habits.  In  these  cases, 
Janet's  device  may  be  borrowed,  and  the  glass  cover  perforated 
with  conveniently  placed  holes,  each  with  its  individual  cover: 
or  a  larger  pane  with  one  hole  may  be  prepared  and  slid  into 
place  over  any  part  of  any  nest  where  access  is  desired.  A 
second  method  has  been  devised  for  the  nests  of  the  General 
Biological  Supply  House,  where  pipettes  or  medicine  droppers 
are  inserted  in  holes  in  the  wall.  This  ingenious  device  per- 
mits the  water  to  be  replenished  from  the  dropper,  which  need 
not  be  itself  removed  more  than  once  a  week.  Adaptations  of 
this  device  to  nests  with  walls  of  lesser  height  are  possible. 
The  third  method  is  to  use  a  porous  material  for  some  part  of 
the  nest.  Janet  used  a  heavy  porous  base,  which  was  quite 
suitable  even  if  somewhat  cumbrous.  Water  was  kept  in  a 
reservoir  in  one  end,  and  the  whole  block  remained  moist.  I 
have  used  a  modification  of  this  method  by  carrying  a  few 
fibres  of  cotton  through  a  hole  in  the  wall,  which  was  then 
sealed  with  wax  around  the  cotton.  The  cotton  is  allowed 
barely  to  protrude  on  the  outside,  and  by  touching  water  to 
this  protruding  part,  all  the  cotton  inside  the  nest  may  be  kept 
as  wet  as  is  desired.  The  sole  objection  to  this  method  is  that 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

it  permits  more  evaporation  from  the  exposed  surface,  and 
hence  requires  more  frequent  replenishment  of  the  water,  than 
do  nests  where  all  the  moisture  is  protected  on  the  inside.  In 
all  other  ways,  however,  this  method  is  the  simplest  and  the 
best;  and  it  is  the  only  one  suitable  for  nests  to  which  the 
cover  is  sealed.  Of  course  it  is  necessary  that  the  wood  be 
waterproofed  wherever  it  may  come  in  contact  with  the  cotton. 

The  use  of  plywood  for  walls  enables  the  partitions  to  be 
made  thinner  and  more  complex  than  in  any  type  of  nest  previ- 
ously described,  and  there  is  a  real  advantage  in  the  use  of 
complex  subdivisions  in  a  nest.  In  their  natural  nests,  ants 
may  have  a  few  large  halls,  but  always  have  a  complex  system 
of  small  chambers  and  connecting  galleries ;  and  while  ants 
readily  adjust  themselves  to  abnormal  conditions,  normal  cir- 
cumstances should  be  preserved  as  far  as  is  consistent  with 
easy  observation  and  care  and  with  the  particular  experiment 
being  conducted.  Furthermore,  complexity  is  useful  in  ex- 
periments and  observations  on  many  aspects  of  ant  life  and 
psychology,  such  as  orientation  within  the  nest,  communication, 
and  parasitism. 

A  few  special  adaptations  of  the  nest  may  be  mentioned.  An 
inner  cubicle,  a  sanctum  sanctorum,  is  almost  always  selected 
by  the  queen  for  her  own  residence,  and  in  larger  nests  it  may 
be  just  as  well  to  provide  one.  If  the  sides  of  the  nests  are 
made  perfectly  straight,  the  entrances  of  two  nests  may  be 
placed  together  and  communication  between  the  nests  is  se- 
cured without  further  elaboration.  A  slip  of  paper  between 
the  nests  then  allows  the  communication  to  be  shut  off  at  will : 
this  is  particularly  useful  when  experimental  set-ups  are  de- 
vised where  entrances  and  exits  are  to  be  controlled.  If  it  is 
desired  to  allow  the  ants  access  to  the  world,  but  to  prevent 
their  migration,  holes  may  be  bored  in  the  walls  large  enough 
for  the  workers  but  too  small  for  the  queen :  a  similar  device 
will  permit  observations  of  the  parasitism  of  Solcnopsis  on 
larger  species.  In  experiments  on  affiliation,  cloth  or  wire  par- 
titions may  be  used  within  the  nest.  It  is  also  possible  to  ar- 
range interior  galleries  which  can  be  closed  from  the  outside. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  7 

It  is  frequently  convenient,  especially  with  smaller  nests,  not 
to  make  very  small  panes,  bases,  and  wall-sets,  but  to  make  a 
single  wall-set  serve  for  two  nests.  When  working  with  queens 
alone,  twelve  or  more  compartments  may  be  constructed  in  one 
piece,  and  this  form  of  construction,  with  a  sealed  cover,  will 
also  be  found  very  appropriate  for  field  use. 

And  finally,  the  question  of  cost  may  be  considered.  While 
cheapness  may  not  be  the  primary  merit  in  an  article  of  re- 
search, it  is  not  negligible  either,  and  the  type  of  nest  described 
in  this  article  is  cheaper  than  the  Santschi  nest,  incomparably 
cheaper  than  any  other  type.  At  present  prices,  forty  cents 
for  glass  and  thirty  for  wood  is  sufficient  to  make  four  of  the 
largest  nests.  Sixteen  of  the  smallest  can  be  built  for  sixty- 
five  cents.  The  cost  of  glue  or  nails,  and  of  varnish  or  wax, 
is  negligible ;  and  the  only  tools  to  which  access  is  necessary 
are  a  jig-saw  and  chisel.  With  any  sort  of  a  work-shop  avail- 
able, dozens  of  these  nests  may  be  turned  out  in  an  afternoon. 


Types  vs.  Typas.* 

By  CURTIS  W.  SABROSKY,  Michigan  State  College, 
East  Lansing,  Mich. 

The  appearance  in  recent  years  of  two  compendia  of  the 
terminology  of  types1  has  called  attention  to  the  apparent  com- 
plexity of  this  subject  in  the  biological  sciences.  An  excellent 
critique  by  Williams2  pointed  out  the  desirability  of  greater 
simplicity  in  referring  to  type  material.  Beyond  this,  a  few 
further  comments  may  be  in  order. 

The  large  number  of  recorded  terms  (233  entries  by  Friz- 
zell ;  108  by  Fernald,  who  included  only  terms  applicable  to 

*  Journal  Article  No.  563  (n.  s.)  from  the  Michigan  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station. 

'Frizzell,  Amer.  Midland  Nat.,  14:  637-668,  1933;  Fernald,  Annals 
Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  32:  689-702,  1939. 

'Williams,  Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  33:  621-624,  1940. 


8  ENTOMOLOGICAL,  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

individual  specimens)  is  unnecessarily  deceiving  to  the  casual 
observer.  Both  lists  contain  many  names  (a)  whose  useful- 
ness is  confined  to  botany,  ecology,  genetics  and  general 
zoology,  (b)  whose  special  application  in  paleontology  may 
perhaps  be  defended  on  the  grounds  of  the  particular  condition 
of  their  type  material,  or  (c)  whose  meaning  is  obviously  the 
same  (e.  g.,  combinations  like  alloparatype,  paraallotype  and, 
parallotype,  and  endings  of — type, — typ,  and — typus).  Elim- 
inating expressions  in  the  above  categories,  there  remain 
comparatively  few  terms  which  appear  essential  to  the  taxo- 
nomic  zoologist  for  the  accurate  recording  of  the  basic  material 
for  each  species. 

The  introduction  of  the  question  of  priority  into  the  matter 
of  terminology  appears  to  be  an  undue  complication.  Termi- 
nology is  language,  and  language  is  preeminently  a  matter  of 
usage  and  not  of  priority.  If  equally  understandable,  the  more 
euphonious  and  the  more  widely  disseminated  word  may  be 
expected  to  prevail  over  the  less  so,  even  though  the  latter 
have  chronological  priority.  The  principle  of  priority  in 
generic  and  specific  nomenclature  is  quite  another  matter,  being 
a  considered  plan  for  stability  in  the  binominal  surnames  of 
organisms. 

In  particular,  there  appears  to  be  no  need  for  going  far 
afield  in  establishing  priority  in  terms.  Why  replace  the  simple 
word  homotype  with  the  more  awkward  homoeotype,  merely 
because  the  former  is  preoccupied  elsewhere  in  biology?  In- 
deed, the  fact  that  there  is  another  use  for  homotype  need  not 
preclude  its  usefulness  for  specialists  in  taxonomy,  any  more 
than  the  use  of  genotype  in  genetics  should  cause  taxonomists 
to  abandon  their  long  established  term  in  favor  of  generotype. 

The  published  lists  contain  numerous  examples  of  the  extent 
to  which  the  naming  of  original  type  material  has  been  carried. 
Even  more  complicated  are  the  various  names  revolving  in  the 
orbits  of  topotype  and  metatype.  The  possible  combinations 
of  these  with  the  simple  arrangement  of  holotype — allotype — 
paratype  are  numerous  enough,  without  introducing  further 
frills. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  9 

Lastly,  one  may  question,  with  Williams,  the  value  of  pro- 
posing "type"  names  for  soldier  castes,  worker  castes,  larvae, 
pupae,  etc.  After  all,  they  can  have  no  other  scientific  name 
than  that  of  their  species.  There  is  already  a  type  for  the 
species  (perhaps  even  a  number  of  different  kinds  of  "types"!). 
Adequate  description  and  preservation  of  biological  forms  would 
seem  to  be  sufficient  without  adding  "type"  names  to  the  already 
overburdened  terminology. 

In  spite  of  criticisms,  such  compendia  are  extremely  useful 
as  reference  works,  like  dictionaries,  even  though  they  contain 
many  superfluous  terms.  As  reference  works,  it  is  to  be  re- 
gretted that  neither  is  perfection  in  itself,  though  others  will 
thereby  be  stimulated  to  be  alert  for  omissions  and  corrections. 
No  attempt  has  been  made  to  check  the  literature  in  detail,  but 
it  may  be  appropriate  to  record  here  a  few  items  which  do  not 
appear  in  either  list. 


1.  Allotype — The  type  of  the  female  sex,  even  if  the  only 
known   specimen.      Knowlton   and   Rowe :     Annals   Ent.    Soc. 
Amer.,  Vol.  27,  p.  582,  583,  1934. 

2.  Diatype — The  type  of  a  genus  substituted  for  a  homonym. 
Lindsey:    Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  Vol.  18,  p.  76,  1925. 

3.  Gonotype — All  descendants  of  the  type   (and  allotype) 
when  these  were  bred.     Sturtevant :     Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer., 
Vol.  9,  p.  324,  1916. 

4.  Met  amor  photype — "A  comprehensive  term  for  the  speci- 
men and  its  parts  which  serve  as  proof  of  an  association  of 
stages  in  the  life  cycle  separated  by  a  metamorphosis".     M.  J. 
Milne:    Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  46,  p.  435,  1938. 

5.  Paratopotype — Used  by  Viereck :    Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash., 
Vol.  11,  p.  210,  211,  1909.     (Antedates  Alexander,  1916). 

6.  Phototype — Used  by  Pierce:     Proc.   Ent.   Soc.  Wash., 
Vol.  8,  p.  61,  1906  (1907).     (Antedates  Kellerman,  1912). 

7.  Sexitype — Probably  refers  to  the  holotype  and  allotype 
together,  as  for  example,  "sexitypes  in  my  collection".  Blais- 
dell :    Bui.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  63,  p.  58  et  al.     1909. 


10  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,    '42 

A  New  American  Centiped  of  the  Genus  Scutigera 
(Chilopoda:  Scutigeridae). 

By  RALPH  V.  CHAMBERLIN,  University  of  Utah. 

The  centiped  described  below  is  the  third  species  of  the 
genus  Scutigera  to  be  recorded  from  the  United  States.  The 
other  two  species  are  the  familiar  "house  centiped",  Scutigera 
coleoptrata  (Linne),  more  commonly  known  in  this  country  as 
Scutigera  forceps  (Rafinesque),  and  Scutigera  lincesi  (Wood), 
described  many  years  ago  from  Texas.  The  new  species,  from 
Arizona,  differs  obviously  from  the  other  two  in  the  uniform 
coloration  of  the  body,  longitudinal  stripes,  so  conspicuous  in 
them,  being  wholly  absent  from  6\  homa. 
Scutigera  homa,  new  species. 

Dorsum  a  light  ferruginous  yellow  without  trace  of  stripes 
or  other  markings.  Venter  pale,  in  part  nearly  white  of  a 
slightly  greenish  tinge.  Legs  also  pale,  the  proximal  joints  of 
a  faint  greenish  tinge,  entirely  without  annuli  or  other  mark- 
ings. Antennae  ferruginous  yellow. 


Scutigera  homa,  new  species.     Gonopods  of  female,  ventral  view. 

First  division  of  antennae  consisting  of  80  articles,  of  which 
all  excepting  those  at  ends  are  short  and  very  short ;  second 
division  consisting  of  about  165  articles ;  of  a  third  division  of 
which  the  apical  portion  is  missing  20  articles  remain. 

First  division  of  tarsus  of  leg  I  composed  of  14  articles,  the 
second  division  of  near  36.  In  the  second  legs  the  first  tarsal 
division  has  13  articles,  the  second  32.  In  the  third  legs  the 
first  division  of  tarsus  has  24  articles,  the  second  17.  In  the 
fourth  the  numbers  of  articles  are  11  and  28  respectively.  In 
the  fifth,  9-14  and  29.  In  the  sixth,  8  and  25.  In  the  seventh, 
9  and  27. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  11 

Stomata  short,  reaching  caudal  margin  and  projecting  slightly 
into  the  caudal  emargination.  Caudal  margin  of  last  tergite 
emarginate. 

The  gonopods  of  the  female  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
figure. 

Length,  15  mm. 

Locality. — ARIZONA:  22  miles  southeast  of  Ajo.  Holotype: 
One  female  taken  by  S.  and  D.  Mulaik  on  Jan.  3,  1941,  in  the 
writer's  collection. 


Weevils  (Coleoptera,  Curculionidae)  Affecting  Chufa 

(Cyperus  esculentus). 

By  A.  F.  SATTERTHWAIT, 

Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine,  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

INTRODUCTION1. 

The  present  treatise  on  the  weevils  affecting  chufa  repre- 
sents work  incidental  to  the  investigation  of  the  weevils  of  the 
genus  Calendra  (Sphcnophorus},  agriculturally  known  as  bill- 
bugs.  It  is  not  the  result  of  the  study  of  insects  from  the 
standpoint  of  chufa  as  an  agricultural  crop.  However,  as  the 
chufa  is  a  common  host  plant  of  several  species  of  billbugs  and 
probably  the  preferred  host  plant  of  Calendra  callosa  (Oliv.), 
of  C.  venatus  (Say),  and  of  C.  destructor  (Chitt.),  this  plant 
has  been  subjected  to  careful  scrutiny  in  the  Mississippi  Valley 
and  some  of  the  Eastern  States. 

1  The  writer  wishes  to  thank  W.  H.  Larrimer  and  others  in  the  Bureau 
of  Entomology  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the 
many  routine  favors  rendered  at  the  time  these  studies  were  being  made, 
especially  in  securing  determinations  of  insects  affecting  chufa.  He 
wishes  to  thank  Francis  Pennell,  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  for  the  helpful  information  that  Cyperus  escul- 
entus has  a  scaly  underground  root  stock,  upon  which  the  root  nut 
develops,  and  is  thus  readily  distinguished  from  C.  strigosus,  which  has 
neither  root  stock  nor  nut ;  also  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  par- 
ticularly J.  M.  Greenman  and  John  Kellog,  and  J.  A.  Drushel  of  New 
York  University,  for  determining  particular  specimens.  He  wishes  also 
to  thank  Margaret  M.  McDonough  for  able  and  sympathetic  assistance 
in  assembling  data  and  Joe  S.  Wade  for  information  concerning  chufa 
insects  from  official  records. 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

During  1931,  calls  for  information  concerning  the  control 
of  insects  affecting  chufa  were  received  from  Henry  Dietrich 
and  J.  P.  Kislanko  in  the  service  of  the  State  Plant  Board  of 
Mississippi;  from  Tom  O'Neill,  State  entomologist,  Atlanta, 
Georgia;  and  from  J.  M.  Robinson,  of  the  Alabama  Poly- 
technic Institute,  Auburn,  Alabama. 

BARINUS  SQUAMOLINEATUS  Casey. 

Immature  forms  of  this  small  weevil  were  collected  about 
Lafayette,  Indiana,  August  12,  1916,  incidental  to  the  investi- 
gation of  corn  billbugs.  Three  stumps  of  Cyperus  esculent  us 
were  planted  in  each  of  a  series  of  5-inch  flowerpots  for  the 
purpose  of  rearing  the  destructive  billbug  (Calcndra  destruc- 
tor). On  October  4,  the  contents  of  a  cage  were  sifted  and 
an  adult  weevil,  Barinus  squamolineatus  Casey  as  determined 
by  L.  L.  Buchanan,  was  found  under  circumstances  indicating 
that  it  had  developed  in  a  galled  flower  stalk.  It  may  be  that 
this  species  causes  the  same  galling  excavation  of  the  stem  as 
is  produced  by  Sibariops  confusa.  Two  immature  forms  of 
B.  squamolineatus  were  taken  at  Medaryville,  Indiana,  August 
16,  1916;  one  adult  issued  October  5  and  another  October  18, 
and  both  were  determined  by  L.  L.  Buchanan. 

BARINUS  CURTICOLLIS  Casey 

A  pupa  of  a  little  weevil  was  collected  at  the  base  of  a  chufa 
stalk  at  Morehouse,  Missouri,  September  23,  1918.  The  adult 
issued  September  26,  and  was  determined  by  L.  L.  Buchanan 
as  Barinus  curticollis  Casey. 

This  species  was  reared  also  from  Cyperus  erythrorhizos 
Muhl.,  collected  at  Tallapoosa,  October  17,  1918,  in  the  pupal 
stage,  with  parasite  larvae  in  cocoons ;  at  Charleston,  Sep- 
tember 6,  in  the  adult  stage,  and  with  parasite  cocoons ;  and  at 
Woodrow,  August  20-21,  1919,  all  in  Missouri. 
SIBARIOPS  CONFUSA  (Boh.) 

Eggs,  larvae,  pupae,  and  adults  of  small  weevils,  Sibariops 
confusa  (Boh.),  were  found  rather  commonly  in  chufa.  The 
larvae  developing  in  the  flower  stalks  make  the  stalks  bulge 
considerably  at  the  base,  as  if  the  stems  were  galled.  This 
appearance  is  conspicuous  and  readily  enables  one  to  find  the 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  13 

infestation.  Specimens  proving  to  be  this  species  were  taken 
on  October  30,  1915,  in  Cypcrus  esculcntus  at  West  Lafayette, 
Indiana,  observed  as  pupae  on  November  2,  and  yielded  adults 
November  18;  a  specimen  was  also  found  at  West  Lafayette, 
July  14,  1916,  presumably  as  a  larva,  ultimately  yielding  an 
adult  of  S.  confusa. 

The  following  collections  were  made  in  Missouri :  At  Annis- 
ton,  September  8  and  October  17,  1918,  3  adults  in  their  larval 
excavations ;  at  Charleston,  presumably  adult  when  collected, 
August  8,  1917,  4  larvae  and  2  pupae,  of  which  1  larva  became 
adult  by  September  14,  and  1  pupa  by  August  14;  at  Charles- 
ton, 4  males  and  5  females  which  issued  July  12,  1918,  another 
male  which  issued  by  July  26,  and  another  by  July  31 ;  at 
Gray  Ridge,  August  23,  1918,  1  adult,  1  pupa,  and  some  larvae, 
of  which  one  larva  became  a  pupa  by  August  30  and  an  adult 
on  September  15,  and  from  another  collection  on  the  same  day 
1  adult  which  issued  by  August  31 — total,  4  males,  1  female; 
at  Newburg,  6  adults  which  issued  between  September  20  and 
October  1,  and  3  more  adults  which  issued  by  October  8;  at 
Ten  Brook,  7  adults  which  issued  by  October  27,  and  3  which 
issued  by  November  12;  at  Thayer,  September  6,  1917,  im- 
mature stages  from  which  1  female  issued  by  September  27,  1 
male  and  2  females  by  October  8,  and  1  female  by  February 
20.  All  these  were  determined  by  L.  L.  Buchanan. 

BARILEPIS  GRISEA  (Lee.) 

Several  larvae  of  the  diminutive  Barilcpis  grisea  (Lee.) 
were  received  in  crowns  of  chufa  collected  by  Elmo  Ragsdale, 
County  Agent,  Brunswick,  Georgia,  on  October  6,  1931,  and 
sent  the  writer  by  Tom  O'Neill,  State  entomologist,  Atlanta. 
Specimens  were  collected  by  the  writer,  in  company  with  Henry 
Dietrich,  Mississippi  State  Plant  Board  inspector,  in  a  cul- 
tivated field  near  Lucedale,  Miss.,  December  12,  1931. 

There  was  no  evidence  of  gall  formation  as  a  result  of  the 
work  of  any  of  these  larvae.  In  each  case  the  larva  was  in  a 
hibernation  cell  in  the  crown  of  a  chufa  stalk.  One  of  the 
Georgia  larvae  was  placed  in  an  individual  cage  on  March  2. 
Pupation  occurred  between  March  31  and  April  4.  The  de- 


14  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

scription  of  the  pupa  follows  : 

Length  3.69  mm.,  width  1.75  mm.,  pronotal  width  1.31  mm. 
Rostrum  reaching  almost  across  anterior  tibiae.  Head  with  a 
pair  of  large  setae  some  distance  from  base  of  rostrum  but 
fairly  in  line  with  rostral  setae,  and  2  fine  setae  on  sides  be- 
tween this  pair  of  large  setae  and  rostrum ;  a  pair  of  setae  of 
intermediate  size  at  base  of  rostrum,  2  pairs  of  small  setae 
between  this  pair  and  antennal  fossae,  and  another  pair  of 
small  setae  about  half  way  between  fossae  and  apex  of  rostrum. 
Apex  of  rostrum  concave  above ;  antennal  club  touching  fore 
femur. 

Apices  of  wings,  elytra,  hind  femora,  and  hind  tarsi  forming 
an  almost  straight  transverse  line  across  pupa,  femora  extend- 
ing farthest  caudad,  tarsi  next.  Thoracic  setae  consisting  of  4 
anterolateral  pronotals,  4  postlateral  pronotals,  6  mediopro- 
notals,  4  spiraculopronotals  (above  edge  of  disk  near  thoracic 
spiracle),  4  mesothoracic  setae,  and  4  metathoracic  setae. 

Setal  tubercles  of  seventh  tergite  large,  those  next  median 
line  much  larger  than  corresponding  pair  of  eighth  tergite, 
with  bases  larger  than  bases  of  those  of  ninth  tergite.  The 
dominant  seta  on  each  side  of  the  ninth  tergite  is  actually  a 
heavily  chitinized  spine  at  the  apex  of  the  large  fleshy  tubercle 
which  bears  a  secondary  small  seta.  By  April  15,  the  com- 
pound eyes  appeared  brown,  the  rest  of  the  pupa  white ;  by 
April  18,  the  compound  eyes  were  black,  the  rest  of  the  body 
white. 

By  April  21,  the  adult  had  issued.  It  was  determined  by 
Mr.  L.  L.  Buchanan  to  be  Barilcpis  grisea  (Lee.). 

On  February  29  a  larva  was  segregated  from  the  mass  col- 
lection from  Mississippi  and  placed  in  an  individual  cage.  It 
pupated  between  April  18  and  21.  A  description  of  the  pupa 
follows : 

$  .  Length  3.63  mm.,  width  1.84  mm.,  pronotal  width  1.39 
mm.  Rostrum  long,  reaching  well  beyond  fore  tibiae.  Setal 
arrangement  on  rostrum  as  in  the  Georgia  specimen  except 
that  there  are  3  pairs  between  basal  setae  and  antennal  fossae. 

Thoracic  appendages  forming  a  transverse  line,  as  in  the 
Georgia  pupa.  Thoracic  setae  arranged  essentially  as  in  the 
Georgia  pupa. 

Caudal  setae  about  6  on  the  seventh  tergite,  2  on  the  eighth, 
and  about  6  on  the  ninth,  2  of  the  last  being  large,  coarse,  and 
fleshy.  By  May  2,  the  compound  eyes  were  pale  brown,  defi- 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  15 

nitely  darker  by  May  4,  and  black  by  May  5,  when  the  tips 
of  the  mandibles  were  red. 

The  adult  issued  between  May  6  and  7,  making  the  duration 
of  the  pupal  stage  between  15  and  19  days. 

In  the  adult  stage  the  body  is  oblong,  suboval,  densely 
clothed  with  large  scales  above  and  beneath,  the  beak  rather 
short  and  arcuate.  The  antennae  are  somewhat  short,  with  a 
relatively  large,  short,  and  ovate  4-jointed  club,  which  is  as 
long  as  the  preceding  6  joints  of  the  funicle;  the  first  funi- 
cular joint  is  barely  as  long  as  the  next  4;  the  anterior  coxae 
are  separated  by  more  than  their  own  width;  the  prosternum 
is  flat,  unarmed  in  the  male;  the  scutellum  is  quadrate,  narrow, 
and  nude. 

The  specimen  described  had  a  length  of  3  mm.  and  a  width 
of  1.35  mm.  Its  general  color  above  was  piceous,  with  rufous 
legs,  the  scales  being  almost  white. 

Two  eggs  were  obtained  July  20,  1932,  from  parents  reared 
from  larvae  from  the  mass  collection  from  Mississippi.  A 
few  eggs  were  laid  later,  but  one  of  the  first  two  eggs  yielded 
an  adult  May  16,  1933.  This  egg  was  laid  at  the  edge  of  the 
membranous  part  of  the  leaf  sheaf.  It  was  0.67  mm.  in  length 
and  0.25  in  width  or  thickness.  A  tuber  was  cut  in  halves,  the 
egg  placed  in  a  niche  in  one,  and  the  halves  bound  together 
with  paper  and  laid  in  a  2-ounce  tin  cage  with  damp  soil.  It 
hatched  by  7  :50  P.  M.,  July  25,  the  time  required  for  incuba- 
tion of  eggs  of  this  species  probably  being  about  7  days. 

At  the  time  of  hatching  the  larva  was  about  1  mm.  in  length 
and  its  head  width  0.9  mm.  It  was  left  in  the  tuber  in  which 
it  hatched  until  August  6,  when  it  was  placed  in  a  fresh  tuber. 
Six  hours  later  it  was  found  that  the  larva  was  not  feeding  in 
the  root  nut,  whereupon  it  was  placed  in  a  leaf-base  cup  in  a 
growing  chufa  plant  in  a  25  by  100  mm.  vial.  This  plant  was 
growing  from  a  tuber  planted  in  a  little  soil  in  the  box.  Be- 
tween 3  and  4  hours  later  the  larva  fell  from  the  leaf  sheath 
to  the  soil  and  disappeared.  On  August  8,  it  was  found  inside 
a  decapitated  crown  not  showing  at  the  surface  of  the  soil  at 
the  time  the  larva  was  placed  on  the  plant.  At  this  time  the 
larval  head  width  was  0.25  mm.  The  larva  was  placed  in  a  9 
by  35  mm.  vial  containing  a  chufa  tuber  pared  down  to  fit  the 


16  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

vial.  This  little  vial  was  then  placed  in  the  larger  vial  with  the 
growing  chufa  plant.  On  August  10  and  subsequently  the 
larva  was  observed  through  the  glass  in  its  excavation  in  the 
tuber.  On  April  25,  1933,  it  was  obviously  in  the  prepupal 
stage  and  by  April  29  it  was  a  pupa. 

The  duration  of  the  larval  stage  was  between  276  and  280 
days.  As  the  adult  issued  May  16,  the  duration  of  the  pupal 
stage  was  between  16  and  19  days.  The  period  from  oviposi- 
tion  to  the  issuance  of  the  adult  covered  between  299  and  304 

days. 

(To  be  continued.) 


A  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Coleoptera  (Chryscme- 
lidae)  from  Southwestern  United  States. 

By  BURDETTE  E.  WHITE,  Merced,  California. 

On  a  recent  collecting  trip  into  the  desert  region  of  Southern 
California,  the  writer  discovered  a  tiny  species  of  Chrysomeli- 
dae  (Subfamily  Galerucinae)  apparently  feeding  on  some  part 
of  the  blossoms  of  a  species  of  Rhus  (Sumac).  Having  a 
certain  familiarity  with  this  coleopterous  family,  and  not  rec- 
ognizing one  of  our  described  species  in  this  diminutive  form, 
he  directed  considerable  energy  in  its  pursuit  that  resulted  in 
the  capture  of  twenty-eight  specimens.  Subsequent  study 
proved  this  insect  to  represent  a  new  species  and  a  new  genus, 
which  in  the  opinion  of  the  author,  must  constitute  a  new  tribe 
— Serraticollini — and  is  tentatively  placed  preceding  the  tribe 
Luperini.  During  the  course  of  study  germane  to  this  prob- 
lem, the  writer  found  six  specimens  strikingly  similar  to  the 
above  beetles  among  some  material  received  for  identification 
from  F.  H.  Parker  of  Globe,  Arizona.  Careful  comparison 
of  the  California  and  Arizona  specimens  show  that  they  are 
abundantly  distinct.  It  would  seem  peculiar  that  two  species  of 
such  an  unique  character  should  be  unknown  to  science;  how- 
ever, they  are  early  season  forms,  probably  depending  on  the 
blossoms  of  their  host  for  their  livelihood,  a  fact  which  may 
have  contributed  to  their  previous  obscurity. 

The  writer  wishes  to  express  his  sincere  appreciation  for 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


17 


assistance  received  from  Mr.  J.  J.  du  Bois  of  Turlock,  Cali- 
fornia, Mr.  F.  H.  Parker  of  Globe,  Arizona,  and  Dr.  E.  Gorton 
Linsley  of  the  University  of  California  at  Berkeley. 

SERRATICOLLIS  new  genus. 

Elongate,  parallel,  sparsely  pubescent  above  and  beneath. 
Head  four-fifths  as  wide  as  greatest  width  of  pronotum,  eyes 
broadly  oval,  front  not  carinate  between  the  antennal  insertions ; 
antennae  feebly  clavate,  attaining  the  basal  third  of  elytra; 
segments  subequal  in  length,  8th,  9th,  and  10th  segments  per- 
ceptibly shorter;  the  ultimate  segment  a  little  longer,  the  apical 
five  segments  noticeably  but  not  strongly  tumescent,  the  apical 
segment  fusiform.  Pronotum  slightly  longer  than  wide  in 


Fig.  1.  Pronotum  of  ScrraticoUis  rhois  n.  sp.  (£}  ;  Fig.  2,  Mcsothoracic 
femur  of  S.  rhois  (c?)  ;  Fig.  3,  same  for  S.  parkcri,  n.  sp. ;  Fig.  4,  Pro- 
notum of  S.  rhois  ($). 

male,  quadrate  or  feebly  transverse  in  female ;  narrowest  at 
base,  gradually  widening  to  apical  third  and  then  gradually 
narrowing  to  apex ;  apical  angles  forming  prominent,  blunt 
denticles,  basal  angles  with  smaller  acute  teeth ;  base  margined, 


18  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

a  transverse  impression  near  base  producing  a  moderate  trans- 
verse ridge  between  basal  and  ante-basal  impressions ;  lateral 
margins  finely  serrate ;  apex  rounded,  anterior  margin  obscure ; 
in  the  male  the  apex  is  moderately,  arcuately  produced  over  the 
vertex  of  the  head.  Elytra  elongate,  parallel-sided;  epipleura 
nearly  vertical,  reaching  to  apex ;  surface  coarsely  punctate, 
the  punctures  arranged  in  closely  approximate  striae  produc- 
ing relatively  narrow  intervals,  the  intervals  with  a  row  of 
minute  setigerous  punctures,  the  setae  arranged  in  a  row,  one 
seta  in  width  alternating  with  the  primary  striae.  Anterior 
coxal  cavities  closed  behind,  coxae  realtively  widely  separated 
by  prosternum.  Femora  all  subequally  tumid,  tibae  curved  and 
more  slender  near  base,  all  tibae  unarmed ;  first  and  second 
tarsal  segments  subequal  on  all  legs;  claws  appendiculate, 
divergent. 

Genotype :  Scrraticollis  rhols  n.  sp. 

To  compare  Serraticollis  with  any  known  North  American 
genus  would  only  lead  to  confusion.  It  apparently  has  no  close 
relative  in  our  fauna.  In  fact,  it  appears  out  of  place  in  the 
subfamily  Galerucinae  and  seems  to  be  as  closely  related  to 
Sagrinae  and  Orsodacninae.  Later  studies  including  all  the 
Chrysomelid  genera  may  result  in  changing  the  position  of 
Serraticollis  possibly  to  another  subfamily;  but  the  margined 
pronotum  places  it  for  the  present  in  Galerucinae.  In  Brad- 
ley's  "Key  To  The  Genera  Of  N.  A.  Beetles",  1930,  Serrati- 
collis would  key  out  to  the  tribe  Monoleptini  on  the  basis 
of  the  closed  anterior  coxal  cavities.  Its  affinities  with  this 
tribe,  other  than  the  coxal  character,  are  extremely  remote  and 
the  proposed  new  tribe  would  appear  to  be  amply  justified. 
The  sexes  are  definitely  dimorphic  as  regards  the  structure  of 
the  pronotum. 
Serraticollis  rhois  new  species. 

Size  small,  elongate,  parallel,  ruf otestaceous ;  antennae,  legs, 
and  sometimes  pronotum  slightly  lighter;  pronotum  sparsely 
covered  with  coarse  punctures  at  base,  more  densely  punctate 
near  apex,  with  a  secondary  system  of  fine,  setigerous  punc- 
tures. Average  length,  2.25  mm. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

$  :  Head  rufotestaceous,  darker  on  the  vertex,  sparsely 
punctate  with  small  setigerous  punctures,  vertex  strongly  alu- 
taceous;  antennal  sockets  approximate,  separated  by  half  the 
length  of  first  antennal  segment;  a  small,  median,  circular  im- 
pression lies  just  above  and  between  the  sockets ;  clypeus 
broadly  rounded  across  apical  margin.  Antennae  extending  to 
basal  third  of  elytra,  moderately  clavate,  rather  densely  clothed 
with  whitish  setae  except  basal  segment  which  is  noticeably 
less  setigerous. 

Pronotum  coarsely  sparsely  punctate  on  disc,  more  densely 
so  near  apex,  smaller  setigerous  punctures  sparsely  placed  among 
the  primary  punctures,  the  setae  moderately  long,  fine  and 
closely  appressed;  ante-basal  impression  strongly  developed; 
margin  minutely  serrate,  the  denticles  each  bearing  a  seta,  the 
seta  of  the  four  angular  denticles  relatively  long;  the  apical  mar- 
gin of  pronotum  produced  as  a  hood  which  does  not  contact  the 
head  beneath  but  forms  a  shallow  cavity  with  the  apex  of  pro- 
notum as  a  roof ;  the  side  margins  are  subparallel  with  the 
greatest  width  at  apical  third.  Scutellum  flat,  faintly  alutaceous 
with  a  few  minute  setigerous  punctures ;  broadly  rounded  api- 
cally. 

Elytra  elongate,  parallel,  rufotestaceous ;  surface  slightly  de- 
pressed near  basal  fourth,  humeri  well  developed ;  surface  with 
relatively  coarse  punctures  arranged  in  ten  well  defined,  even, 
closely  placed  striae  and  a  short  scutellar  stria  on  each  elytron, 
the  seventh  also  short,  not  reaching  near  base ;  the  intervals 
with  a  single  row  of  minute  setigerous  punctures,  the  setae 
whitish,  long  and  directed  caudad,  forming  even  rows  one  seta 
wide,  these  rows  alternating  with  the  coarsely  punctured  striae. 

Body  beneath  fuscous,  the  prothorax  and  legs  rufotestaceous, 
meso-thoracic,  meta-thoracic,  and  abdominal  sternites  aluta- 
ceous, sparsely  covered  with  minute  setigerous  punctures ;  pro- 
sternum  smooth  and  shining  at  least  over  apical  half ;  middle 
femora  strongly,  abruptly  constricted  on  lower  margin  near 
base ;  last  ventral  segment  with  a  crescentiform  genital  orifice 
near  apex.  Length  2.35  mm. ;  width,  .9  mm. 

9  :  Differs  noticeably  from  male  in  structure  of  pronotum 
and  genital  orifice.  The  pronotum  of  female  is  not  produced 
to  form  the  hood  as  in  male,  but  is  subquadrate;  the  middle 
femora  are  not  strongly  constricted  at  base ;  the  last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  the  female  is  entire,  feebly  constricted  approaching 
apex.  Length,  2.75  mm.;  width,  1.2  mm. 


20  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

Holotypc  male,  allotype  female,  captured  six  miles  west  of 
Beaumont,  Riverside  County,  CALIFORNIA  (Main  road  from 
Riverside  to  Beaumont),  IV-5-1941,  from  flowers  of  Rhus  sp., 
by  the  author  in  whose  collection  they  are  deposited.  Twenty- 
six  paratypes  (16$,  10<J)  with  same  data  are  deposited  as 
follows :  One  pair  each  in  collections  of  The  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  C.  A.  Frost,  California 
Academy  of  Sciences,  and  R.  G.  Dahl :  one  female  each  in  the 
collections  of  Mr.  J.  J.  du  Bois,  Mr.  K.  S.  Hagen,  Mr.  W.  F. 
Barr,  Mr.  Borys  Malkin  and  Dr.  \Y.  J.  Brown;  the  balance 
remain  in  the  writer's  collection. 

In  the  series  of  twenty-eight  specimens  there  appears  to  be 
very  little  variation  other  than  size  and  the  normal  sexual  differ- 
ences. The  structure  of  the  pronotum,  middle  femora,  and 
last  ventral  segment  greatly  facilitate  sex  determination.  The 
types  represent  close  to  the  maximum  of  size  which  ranges  from 
2  mm.  to  2.75  mm.  The  males  average  slightly  larger  than  the 
females.  This  species  is  one  of  the  smallest  North  American 
members  of  the  Galerucinae  known  to  the  writer  and  can  be 
easily  identified  from  the  generic  and  specific  descriptions. 
Figures  of  the  salient  characters  of  this  species  as  well  as  the 
following  one  are  included  to  enhance  speedy  determination. 
Serraticollis  parkeri  new  species. 

Size,  form,  and  color  of  S.  r.hois;  pronotum  less  elongate  and 
less  arcuate  in  male,  transverse  in  female ;  middle  femora  of 
male  evenly,  gradually  tapering  to  base ;  elytral  intervals  not 
convex.  Average  length,  2  mm. 

$  :  Head  feebly  punctate,  vertex  alutaceous,  a  few  rela- 
tively long  setae  between  upper  limits  of  eyes ;  antennae  reach- 
ing near  basal  third  of  elytra,  segments  subequal  in  length, 
outer  segments  slightly  tumesent  to  form  a  feeble  club. 

Pronotum  rufous,  one-fourth  longer  than  wide,  widest  at 
apical  two-fifths ;  surface  sparsely  punctate  on  disc,  more 
densely  and  coarsely  punctate  at  apex ;  ante-basal,  transverse 
impression  well  developed ;  lateral  margins  finely  serrate ;  the 
apical  angles  produced  to  form  a  prominent,  blunt  denticle; 
apical  margin  feebly  arcuate,  finely  margined ;  surface  sparsely, 
finely  pubescent. 

Elytra   rufotestaceous ;   punctures    moderate   sized,    striately 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  21 

arranged,  the  intervals  flat  with  minute  setigerous  punctures, 
the  setae  directed  caudad  but  obliquely  so;  apex  truncate. 

Body  beneath  alutaceous  and  rufotestaceous  in  great  part, 
the  anterior  and  lateral  surface  of  prothoracic  sclerites  smooth 
and  paler — rufous ;  surface  sparsely,  finely  punctate,  finely 
pubescent;  last  ventral  segment  with  crescentiform  genital  ori- 
fice near  apex;  legs  rufous;  the  mesothoracic  femora  evenly, 
gradually  constricted  to  base.  Length,  2  mm. ;  width,  0.8  mm. 

$  :  Similar  to  male  but  with  pronotum  slightly  wider  than 
long;  last  ventral  segment  feebly  constricted  to  apex,  with 
genital  orifice  at  apex.  Length,  2  mm.,  width,  0.8  mm. 

Holotype  male,  allot ypc  female,  collected  at  Globe,  ARIZONA, 
IV-25-1933,  on  Rhus,  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Parker  are  in  the  author's 
collection.  Four  paratypes  (3$,  1  9  )  with  same  data  are  in 
the  collection  of  Mr.  Parker  in  whose  honor  the  species  is 
named. 

There  seems  to  be  no  appreciable  variation  among  the  six 
specimens  at  hand  other  than  the  normal  sex  differences. 

Parkeri  superficially  resembles  rhois  but  is  much  more  feebly 
sexually  dimorphic.  The  greatest  differences  are  present  in 
the  males.  The  differences  in  the  structure  of  the  pronotum 
(more  strongly  produced  and  arcuate  apically  in  rhois}  and 
the  meso-thoracic  femora  (strongly  constricted  on  lower  edge 
near  base  in  rhois}  will  readily  separate  the  two  species.  How- 
ever, the  elytral  punctures  are  coarser  in  rhois  which  condition 
makes  the  intervals  more  convex  than  in  parkeri.  The  elytral 
setae  in  the  former  are  longer  and  parallel  to  striae  where  in 
the  latter  they  are  externally  oblique  to  the  striae.  The  females 
seem  to  be  more  coarsely  sculptured  and  with  pronotum  a  bit 
less  transverse  in  rhois.  Otherwise  they  are  quite  similar  in 
the  two  forms. 

—  '    «•»    i 

OBITUARY 

Prof.  J.  J.  Davis  contributes  to  Science  for  November  28, 
1941,  an  obituary  notice  of  Prof.  JAMES  TROOP,  emeritus  profes- 
sor of  entomology  at  Purdue  University  since  1920.  Prof. 
Troop  was  born  at  Bennington,  New  York,  March  14,  1853, 
and  died  at  Urbana,  Illinois,  October  14,  1941.  He  became 
connected  with  Purdue  in  1884,  and  was  active  in  teaching  and 
horticulture. 


22  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

The  Corn  Lanternfly  in  New  Jersey 
(Homopt. :  Fulgoridae). 

Those  who  have  observed  serious  outbreaks  of  the  corn 
lanternfly  (Pcregrinus  maidis  (Ashmead))  in  the  Southern 
States  cannot  but  have  been  impressed  by  its  capacity  for  very 
serious  injury  to  growing  corn,  which  may  even  result  in  com- 
plete destruction  of  a  crop.  An  instance  was  observed  by  the 
senior  author  in  the  Lake  Okeechobee  region  of  Florida  in 
February  and  March,  1937,  when  scarcely  a  usable  ear  of 
corn  was  harvested  because  of  injury  of  the  growing  plants 
by  this  insect.  Fortunately  Peregrinus  rarely  invades  the 
Northern  States  and,  consequently,  records  of  outbreaks  in 
the  North  are  of  considerable  interest. 

During  the  summer  of  1939,  this  insect  was  present  in  New 
Jersey,  where  no  previous  records  of  its  occurrence  were  known. 
Infestations  were  general  and  of  light  or  medium  severity 
during  August  and  September.  By  late  fall  populations  of 
considerable  size  were  observed  in  late  sweet  corn.  It  was 
particularly  abundant  in  a  field  of  Golden  Cross  Bantam 
sweet  corn  at  Rancocas,  observed  on  September  17.  As  usual, 
it  fed  in  colonies  located  largely  in  protected  positions  such  as 
in  the  bud  of  younger  plants  and  between  the  ear  and  the  stalk 
or  between  the  leaves  and  the  stalk  of  older  plants.  At  the 
mentioned  date  infestation  was  sufficient  to  cause  the  hands 
of  one  harvesting  corn  ears  to  become  covered  with  honeydew. 
However,  in  no  instance  was  the  infestation  sufficient  to  cause 
serious  injury  to  the  plants  other  than  possibly  slight  stunting. 

In  1940,  Peregrinus  was  observed  only  once,  in  a  locality 
about  2  miles  east  of  Old  Bridge,  New  Jersey,  attacking  plants 
of  late  Golden  Cross  Bantam  corn. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  first  recorded  invasion  of 
Peregrinus  in  New  Jersey,  in  1939,  coincided  with  one  of  the 
most  serious  infestations  by  Laphygma  frugiperda  S.  &  A.  so 
far  recorded  in  corn  in  the  Northeast.  It  seems  probable  that 
the  circumstances  that  resulted  in  the  unusual  invasion  of  the 
latter  insect  were  also  those  that  resulted  in  the  invasion  by 
Peregrinus. — G.  W.  BARBER,  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant 
Quarantine,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  BAILEY  B. 
PEPPER,  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 


Sponge  Rubber:     Its  Use  in  Shipping  Containers. 

When  shipping  insects  mounted  on  pins  or  on  card  points 
attached  to  pins,  it  is  necessary  to  firmly  fix  each  pin  in  the 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  23 

bottom  board  of  the  shipping  container.  Subsequent  removal 
of  the  firmly  imbedded  pins  is  frequently  difficult  especially 
when  the  specimens  are  numerous  and  crowded.  Forceps  em- 
ployed in  the  operation  must  be  attached  at  the  base  of  the  pin, 
and  this  placement  is  often  hazardous  with  crowded  specimens. 
Sponge  rubber  (the  type  used  in  kneeling  pads)  substituted  for 
the  usual  pinning  base  has  been  found  to  eliminate  these  diffi- 
culties. Specimens  firmly  fastened  in  this  material  can  be  re- 
moved without  the  aid  of  forceps  or  if  the  latter  are  employed 
they  can  be  attached  on  the  upper  portion  of  the  pin.  Danger 
of  injury  to  any  of  the  specimens  is  lessened,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  speed  of  transference  is  greatly  increased.  In  all  re- 
spects sponge  rubber  appears  superior  to  other  pinning  media. 

In  addition  to  its  use  in  shipping  containers,  the  material 
may  also  be  employed  in  the  temporary  pinning  of  insects  for 
study.  In  some  instances  insect  boxes  may  be  lined  with  sponge 
rubber.  The  ease  with  which  insect  pins  may  be  inserted  in  or 
removed  from  the  rubber  makes  it  an  excellent  pinning  base. 
It  is  durable;  samples  giving  satisfactory  results  after  four 
years  of  use. 

No  claim  for  originality  in  this  use  of  sponge  rubber  is 
made;  the  writer  has  found  the  material  so  satisfactory  for  use  . 
in  shipping  containers  that  it  was  felt  a  note  on  the  subject 
might  possibly  be  of  value  to  those  concerned  with  specimen 
transportation.  The  rubber  may  be  purchased  at  any  general 
store  at  a  nominal  price. — H.  F.  SCHOOF,  N.  C.  State  College, 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 


Institute  Espanol  de  Entomologia. 

Herewith  we  have  the  honor  to  communicate  to  you  the 
foundation  of  the  Instituto  Espanol  de  Entomologia  in  Madrid, 
which  now  contains  the  former  Section  of  Entomology  of  the 
Museo  Nacional  de  Ciencias  Naturales  with  all  the  collections, 
library  and  publications  that  the  Section  mentioned  formerly 
possessed.  Please  direct  your  correspondence  and  exchange 
of  publication  to  the  new  Institute  Palacio  del  Hipodromo, 
Madrid.  The  Institute  hopes  to  continue  the  best  relations 
with  you  as  formerly  for  the  advantage  of  both. — THE  DIREC- 
TOR, Gonzalo  Ceballos  y  Fernandez  de  Cordoba. 
Madrid,  May,  1941. 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

Livia  marginata  Patch  attended  by  Ants  (Homoptera: 
Chermidae;   Hymen.:   Formicidae). 

During  the  last  week  of  August,  1939,  in  Lakeville,  Con- 
necticut, I  observed  workers  of  the  ant  Formica  pallide-fulva 
nitidivcntris  var.  fuscata  Emory  upon  the  stem  of  a  tall  species 
of  goldenrod  (Solidayo  sp?). 

Upon  closer  examination,  the  ants  proved  to  be  attending 
nymphal  Chermids,  apparently  in  the  final  instar.  These  were 
to  be  found  in  herds  on  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves,  with  a 
few  individuals  ranged  along  the  stem.  These  young  Chermids 
reached  the  imago  stage  (in  a  breeding  cage)  during  the  first 
week  of  September.  They  proved  to  be  Livia  marginata 
Patch. 

The  nymphs  evidently  secreted  large  quantities  of  honey-dew 
as  the  gaster  of  the  attendant  ants  was  quite  distended. — 
ALBRO  TILTON  GAUL,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 


On  the  Relationship  between  the  Moth,  Camptylochila 

americalis  Gn.  and  Formica  rufa  obscuripes  Forel 

(Lepid. :  Noctuidae;  Hymen.:  Formicidae.). 

Recently,  F.  Smith  (1941  Entomological  News:  109)  re- 
ported finding  the  lepidopterous  larva,  Camptylochila  (Epi- 
zcuxis}  americalis  Gn.  in  the  mounds  of  Formica  rufa  ob- 
scuripes Forel,  and  the  writer  is  able  to  confirm  this  observation. 
The  writer  reported  (1929  Proc.  Entomological  Soc.  of  British 
Columbia  26:  44-46)  how  he  found  the  lepidopterous  larvae 
which  subsequently  to  that  publication  were  identified  for  him. 
The  writer  is  able,  further,  to  add  some  information  on  the 
relation  between  C.  americatis  in  the  adult  stage  and  the  ants 
for  he  has  frequently,  at  sundown,  seen  moths  which  were 
apparently  of  that  species  enter  the  mounds.  The  moths 
dropped  freely  to  some  entrance  hole  in  the  mound,  closed 
their  wings  and  walked  in  apparently  without  any  attention 
from  the  ants.  Similar  tolerance  on  the  part  of  the  ants  to 
moths,  which  were  newly  emerged,  was  not  observed  by  F. 
Smith. — GEOFFREY  BEALL,  Dominion  Entomological  Labora- 
tory, Chatham,  Ontario. 


List  of  Titles  of  Publications  Referred  to  by  Numbers 
in  Entomological  Literature  in  Entomological  News. 

1.  Transactions   of   The   American   Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia 

2.  Entomologische    Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein   etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annales  Sci.  Naturelles,  Zoologie,  Paris. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.      London,    Canada. 

5.  Psyche,  A  Journal  of  Entomology.     Boston,  Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitschrift.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of  Economic  Entomology,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Archivos   do   Instituto   Biologico,    Sao    Paulo. 

15.  Annales  Academia  Brasileira  de  Sciencias.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Entomologische  Zeitschrift.     Frankfurt-M. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the   Brooklyn   Entomological   Society.     Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 

21.  The  Entomologists'   Record   and  Journal  of   Variation.     London. 

22.  Bulk-tin  of   Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bollctino  del  Lab.  di  Zool.  gen.  e  agraria  della  Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la   societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

27.  Bollctino  della  Societa  Entomologica  Italiana.     Genova. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of   the   Ent.   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,    Canada. 

30.  Archivos  do  Instituto  de  Biologia  Vegetal.    R.  d.  Janeiro. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.   E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

36.  Trans.  Royal  Entomological   Society,  London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the    Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,   Fla. 

40.  American    Museum    Novitates.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schaffhausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal   of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilena    de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fur  Morphologic  und   Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural   Research.     Washington.   D.   C. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the   U.    S.    National    Museum.     Washington,    D.    C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  Helsingfors.     Helsingiors,  Finland. 
Archiv    fur    Naturgeschichte,    hrsg.  v.  E.  Strand.     Berlin. 

53.  Quarterly  Journal  of   Microscopical   Science.     London. 

*>*»  Pan-Pacific    Entomologist.     San    Francisco,    Cal. 

57.  La  Feuille  des   Naturalistes.     Paris. 

18.  Fntomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.     Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomolosrique,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,   Germany. 


61.  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.     San  Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American   Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 
t>4.  Zeitschrift   des   osterr.    entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift   fur  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.   K.   E?cherich.     Berlin. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

08.  Science.     New   York. 

69.  Physis.     Revista  Soc.  Argentina  Cien.  Nat.     Buenos  Aires. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,   Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,   England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Mem.  Institute   Butantan.     Sao  Paulo,   Brazil. 

75.  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural   History.     London. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin   Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 
7(|.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     \Yien. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv   for   zoologie,    K.   Svenska    Vetenskapsakademien    i.      Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

87.  Archiv  fur  Entwicklungsmechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.     Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaften,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,   Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift   fur  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Q7.  Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le   Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,  Quebec. 

101.  Tijdschril't   voor  entomologie.     Nederland.   Ent.   Ver.,   Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk    Forening,    Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological     Society,    Lawrence,     Kansas 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 
105.  Revista  de  Entomologia,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

106.  Anales  Sociedad  Cientifica  Argentina.  Buenos  Aires. 

107.  Proc.,  Royal  Entomological  Society,  London. 

108.  Revista,  Col.   Nac.  Vicente   Rocafuerte,  Guayaquil. 

109.  Arbeiten  uber  morpholog.  und  taxonom.  ent.  aus   Berlin-Dahlem. 

110.  Arbeiten  ueber  physiolog.  u.  angewandte  ent.  aus  Berlin-Dahlern. 

111.  Memorias  do  Institute  Oswaldo  Cruz.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

112.  Anales    del    Institute    de    Biologia    Mexico. 

114.  Occasional  Papers  of  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan. 

115.  Memorias  de  la  Soc.  Cubana  de  Hist.  Nat.     Havana,  Cuba. 

116.  Pnrasitoloo-y.     Ed.  Keilin  and  Hinrlle.     London. 

117.  Microentomology,    Stanford   University. 

18.  Ward's  Ent.  &  Nat.  Sci.  Bull..  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

119.  American   Midland   Naturalist,   Notre   Dame,   Ind. 

120.  The   Great   Basin   Naturalist,    Provo,   Utah. 

121.  Ciencia,   Mexico   City. 

122.  Revista  Musen  de   la  Plata,  Buenos  Aires. 

123.  Indian  Journal  of  Entomology,  New  Delhi. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  25 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Carter,  W. — Insects  and  the  spread  of 
plant  diseases.  [Smithson.  Report  1940]  Publ.  3619:  329-342, 
ill.  Chermock  &  O'Brien. — A  new  method  of  sectioning 
chitin.  [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  59-60.  DeBach,  P.  and 
H.  S.  Smith. — Are  population  oscillations  inherent  in  the 
host-parasite  relation.  [84]  22:  363-369.  DeLeon,  D.- 
Notes  on  some  forest  insects  found  in  Pinus  occidentalis 
Swartz  near  Jarabacoa,  Dominican  Republic.  [Carribean 
Forester]  3 :  42-45.  Derickson,  C. — Study  of  climatic  differ- 
ences for  one  degree  of  latitude  in  Pennsylvania.  [Pro. 
Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  131-133,  ill.  Fantham,  Porter  & 
Richardson. — Some  microsporidia  found  in  certain  fishes 
and  insects  in  eastern  Canada.  [116]  33:  186-208,  ill.  Hoyt, 
Fracker  &  Colcord.— Lee  Abram  Strong.  [10]  43:  156-166, 
ill.  Raymond,  P.  E. — Insects:  the  first  aviators.  [Prehis- 
toric Life]  1939:  200-208,  ill.  Salt,  G.— The  effects  of  hosts 
upon  their  insect  parasites.  [Biol.  Reviews]  16:  239-264,  ill. 
Simpson,  G.  G. — Range  as  a  zoological  character  [Amer. 
Jour.  Sci.]  239:  785-804.  Soraci,  F.  A. — Important  nursery 
insects  of  New  Jersey.  [N.  J.  Dept.  Agric.]  Circ.  326:  72  pp.. 
ill.  de  Souza  Lopes,  H. — Relacao  do  material  entomologico 
capturado.  [Ill]  35:  641-696,  ill.  Thompson,  W.  R.— The 
war  against  insects.  [Pro.  Ry.  Canadian  Inst.]  6:  53-54. 
Travassos,  L. — Relatorio  da  terceira  excursao  a  zona  da 
Estrada  de  Ferro  Noroeste  do  Brasil  realizada  em  Fevere- 


26  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

iro  e  Marco  de  1940.  [Ill]  35:  607-641,  ill.  Travassos  & 
Teixeira  de  Freitas. — Relatorio  da  excursao  cientifica  real- 
isada  na  zona  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  Noroeste  do  Brasil  em 
Julho  de  1939.  [11 1J  35:  525-556,  ill.  van  der  Veen,  R.- 
Enkele  schimmelvretende  insecten.  [De  Trop.  Nat.]  30: 
140-143,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Brehme,  Kath.  S. 

— Development  of  the  minute  phenotype  in  Drosophila  me- 
lanogaster.  A  comparative  study  of  the  growth  of  three 
minute  mutants.  [42]  88:  135-160.  Cameron,  E. — The 
biology  and  post-embryonic  development  of  Opius  ilicis  n. 
sp.,  a  parasite  of  the  holly  leaf  miner  (Phylomyza  ilicis 
Curt.)  [116]  33:  8-39,  ill.  Creighton,  M.  &  Robertson,  W. 
R.  B. — Genetic  studies  on  Chorthippus  longicornis.  [J. 
Hered.]  32:  339-341,  ill.  Gushing,  J.  E.— An  experiment  on 
olfactory  conditioning  in  Drosophila  guttifera.  [Pro.  Nat. 
Acad.  Sci.]  27:  496-499.  Deoras,  P.  J.— Structure  of  Hemi- 
merus  deceptus  Rehn  var  ovatus ;  an  external  parasite  of 
Cricetomys  gambiense.  [116]  33:  172-185,  ill.  Dobzhansky, 
T. — Speciation  as  a  stage  in  evolutionary  divergence.  [Biol. 
Symposia]  2:  113-122.  Fisher,  R.  C. — Studies  of  the  biology 
of  the  death-watch  beetle,  Xestobium  rufovillosum  de  G. 
IV.  The  effect  of  type  and  extent  of  fungal  decay  in  timber 
upon  the  rate  of  development  of  the  insect.  [Ann.  Appl. 
Biol.]  28:  244-260.  Frings,  H.—  The  loci  of  olfactory  end- 
organs  in  the  blowfly,  Cynomyia  cadaverina  Des.  [42]  88: 
65-93.  Haddow,  A.  J. — The  influence  of  nutrition  on  egg- 
production  and  longevity  in  unmated  female  body-lice 
(Pediculus  humanus  corporis :  Anoplura).  [116]  33:  40-46, 
ill.  Hadorn,  E. — Hormale  .  uncl  genetische  voraussetz- 
ungen  der  metamorphose.  [Rev.  Suisse  De  Zool.]  48:  495- 
509.  Harnly,  M.  H. — Flight  capacity  in  relation  to  pheno- 
typic  and  genotypic  variations  in  the  wing's  of  Drosophila 
melanogaster  [42]  88:  263-275.  Fraenkel,  G.,  J.  A.  Reid 
and  M.  Blewett. — The  sterol  requirements  of  the  larva  of  the 
beetle,  Dermestes  vulpinus  Fabr.  [Biochem.  Jour.]  35:  712- 
720.  Hinton  &  Atwood. — Terminal  adhesions  of  salivary 
gland  chromosomes  in  Drosophila.  [Pro.  Nat.  Acad.  Sci.] 
27:  491-496.  Kalmus,  H. — Physiology  and  ecology  of  cuticle 
colour  in  insects.  [31]  148:  428-431.  Leeson/H.  S.— The 
effect  of  temperature  upon  the  hatching  of  the  eggs  of  Pedi- 
culus humanus  corporis.  [116]  33:  243-249.  Matthey,  R.— 
La  cytologie  de  la  parthenogenese  chez  Sago  pedo.  [Rev. 
Suisse  De  Zool.]  48:  523-524.  Olenov,  J.  M.— The  muta- 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  27 

tional  process  in  Drosophila  under  avitaminous  B-2  condi- 
tions. [90]  75:  580-595.  Painter,  T.  S.— The  structure  of 
salivary  gland  chromosomes.  [Biol.  Symposia]  1 :  215-230, 
ill.  Park,  Gregg  &  Lutherman. — Studies  in  population 
physiology.  X.  Interspecific  competition  in  populations  of 
granary  beetles.  [Phys.  Zool.]  14:  395-430,  ill.  Paul,  Trask, 
Bishop,  Melnick  &  Casey. — The  detection  of  poliomyelitis 
virus  in  flies.  [68]  94:  395-396.  Pearl,  R.;  T.  Park  and  J.  R. 
Miner.- — Experimental  studies  on  the  duration  of  life.  XVI. 
Life  tables  for  the  flour  beetle  Tribolium  confusum  Duval 
[90]  75:  5-19.  Pepper,  Donaldson  &  Hastings. — Buffering 
capacity  and  composition  of  the  blood  serum  and  regurgi- 
tated digestive  juices  of  the  Mormon  Cricket  (Anabrus 
simplex  Hald.).  [Phys.  Zool.]  14:  470-475.  Seiler  & 
Schaffer. — Der  chromosomenzyklus  einer  diploid  partheno- 
genetischen  Solenobia  triquetrella.  [Rev.  Suisse  De  Zool.] 
48:  537-540.  Smith,  K.  M.— Some  notes  on  the  relationship 
of  plant  viruses  with  vector  and  non-vector  insects.  [116] 
33:  110-116,  ill.  Spencer,  W.  P. — Levels  of  divergence  in 
Drosophila  speciation.  [Biol.  Symposia]  2:  99-111.  Tyler, 
A. — Artificial  parthenogenesis.  [Biol.  Reviews]  16:  291-336, 
ill.  Vargas  &  Beltan. — Culex  quinquefasciatus,  a  new  vec- 
tor of  Plasmodium  gallinaceum.  [68]  94:  389-390.  Wiggles- 
worth,  V.  B. — The  sensory  physiology  of  the  human  louse 
Pediculus  humanus  corporis  de  Geer.  [116]  33:  67-109,  ill. 
Williams,  J.  L. — The  internal  genitalia  of  the  evergreen 
bagworm  and  the  relation  of  the  female  genital  ducts  to  the 
alimentary  canal.  [Pro.  Penna  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  53-58,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Bingham,  M.  L. 

—A  note  on  the  bionomics  of  Ixodes  ricinus  L.  [116]  33: 
316-319.  Chamberlin,  R.  V. — New  Chilopods  from  Mexico. 
[55]  17:  184-188.  deMello-Leitao,  C.— Alguns  Opilioes 
novos  da  Colombia.  [An.  Acad.  Brasileira  Cien.]  13:  165- 
171,  ill.  Lundblad,  O. — Die  Hydracarinenfauna  Sudbras- 
iliens  mid  Paraguays.  [Kungl.  Sv.  Vet.  Akad.  Handlinger] 
19:  183  pp.,  ill.  Matheson,  R. — A  new  species  of  tick,  Orni- 
thodores  anduzei  (Argasidae).  [Bol.  Ent.  Venezolana]  1: 
3-5.  Mathew,  A.  P. — A  study  of  the  courting  habits  of 
AI  yrmarachne  plataleoides  a  spider  mimic  of  the  Indian  red- 
ant  Oecophylla  smaragdina.  [Jour.  Bombay  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.] 
42:  171-180.  Radford,  C.  D. — Notes  on  some  new  species  of 
parasitic  mites.  IV.  [116]  33:  306-315,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Adamson, 
A.  M. — Laboratory  technique  for  the  study  of  living  ter- 


28  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

mites.  [84]  22:  411-414.  Auguston,  G.  F.— Three  new  fleas. 
[38]  40:  101-107,  ill.  (k).  Buxton,  P.  A.— On  the  occur- 
rence of  the  crab-louse.  (Phthirus  pubis :  Anoplura)  in  the 
hair  of  the  head.  [116]  :  33:  117-118.  Studies  on  populations 
of  head  lice.  (Pediculus  humanus  capitis).  IV.  The  composi- 
tions of  populations.  [116]  33:  224-242,  ill.  Gloyd,  L.  K.- 
Gomphus  subapicalis,  a  synonym  of  Gomphus  lentulus. 
[Bull.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.]  6:  127-129.  The  identity  of  three 
geographically  misplaced  species  of  Odonata.  [Bull.  Chi- 
cago Acad.  Sci.]  6:  130-132.  Macleod,  J.  &  Crauford-Ben- 
son,  H.  J. — Observations  on  natural  populations  of  the  body 
louse,  Pediculus  humanus  corporis  de  G.  [116]  33:  278- 
299,  ill.  Walker,  E.  M.— List  of  the  Odonata  of  Ontario 
with  distributional  and  seasonal  data.  [Trans.  Ry.  Canadian 
Inst.]  23:  201-265,  ill.  Will,  H.  C.— Archilestes  grandis 
from  Tamazunchale,  Mexico.  [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15: 
44-45. 

ORTHOPTERA.  — Allred,  B.  W. -- Grasshoppers  and 
their  effect  on  sagebrush  on  the  Little  Powder  River  in 
Wyoming  and  Montana.  [84]  22:  387-392,  ill.  Painter,  R. 
H. — The  grasshopper  seed  grain  mortgages  of  1876  in  Mani- 
toba. [4]  73 :  194.  Paul,  L.  C. — Intersexuality  in  Camnula 
pellucida.  [4]  73:  195-196,  ill.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G.— Notes  on 
and  records  and  descriptions  of  Oriental  bird-locusts  (Acri- 
didae)  [1]  67:  247-270,  ill.  Urguhart,  F.  A.— The  species 
of  Nemobius  (Orthoptera,  Ensifera)  in  Ontario.  [Canad. 
Field  Nat.]  55:  80-82,  ill.  (k). 

HEMIPTERA.— -da  Costa  Lima,  A.— Sobre  as  especies 
de  Spiniger  (Reduviid.).  [Ill]  35:  1-123,  ill.  (k*s).  Essig, 
E.  O. — A  new  species  of  Myzus  from  Humboldt  County, 
California.  (Aphidid.).  [55]  17:  182-184,  ill.  Goncalves,  C. 
R.— Observacoes  sobre  Pseudococcus  comstocki  atacando 
citrus  na  baixada  fluminense.  [Rodriguesia]  No.  13:  179- 
198,  ill.  Biologia  de  uma  "Pseudiastata"  depredadora  de 
"Pseudococcus  brevipes."  (Diastatid.).  [Physis]  17:  103- 
112,  ill.  Knight,  H.  H.— The  plant  bugs,  or  Miridae,  of 
Illinois.  [82]  22:  234  pp.,  ill.  Neiva  &  Lent.— Estudios 
sobre  Triatomideos  do  Chile :  Interessante  caso  de  provavel 
polimorfismo.  [Ill]  35:  343-363,  ill.  Usinger,  R.  L. — Three 
new  genera  of  apterous  Aradidae.  [55]  17:  169-181,  ill. 
(S*).  Vivas-Besthier,  G. — Los  '"manchadores"  del  Algo- 
don  en  Venezuela.  [Bol.  Soc.  Venezolana  Cien  Nat  1  7-fl5- 
119. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  29 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Barber,  G.  W.— Hibernation  of  the 
corn  earworm  in  southeastern  Georgia.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.] 
Tech.  Bull.  791 :  17  pp.  ill.  Carpenter,  S.  C.— Food  plants 
of  North  American  Lepidoptera.  Connecticut.  1941.  18  pp. 
Chermock  &  Chermock.- — Basilarchia  arthemis  and  its  sub- 
species. [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  46-50.  Notes  on  the 
variation  and  distribution  of  Melitaea  harrissi  liggetti  [Pro. 
Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  51.  A  new  Coenonympha  from  Mon- 
tana. [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  52.  Comstock,  J.  A.— 
Life  history  of  Raphia  Cinderella.  [38]  40:  111-113,  ill. 
Dethier,  V.  G. — The  larva  of  Polites  manataaqua.  [38]  40: 
109-111,  ill.  Evans,  W.  H. — An  interesting  case  of  develop- 
ment in  certain  South  American  Hesperiidae.  [107]  16  (A)  : 
21-23,  ill.  Guedet,  E. — Geometrid  notes  and  new  species. 
[55]  17:  190-192.  Hopwood,  S.  F.— Birds  eating  butter- 
flies. [Jour.  Bombay  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  42:  199.  Lange,  W. 
H. — The  artichoke  plume  moth  and  other  pests  injurious  to 
the  globe  artichoke.  [Univ.  Calif.  Coll.  Agric.]  Bull.  653:  71 
pp..  ill.  McDunnough,  J. — Eupithecia  notes,  II.  [4]  73:  189- 
193.  ill.  Parsons,  R.  E.— Butterflies  attracted  by  moist 
earth.  [Jour.  Bombay  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  42:  206-207.  Travas- 
sos,  L. — Adelocefalideos  do  Estado  de  Matto  Grosso.  cao- 
turados  pela  expedicao  do  Institute  Oswaldo  Cruz.  [Ill] 
35:  577-588.  ill.  Will,  H.  C.— Butterflies  collected  at  Tama- 
zunchale,  Mexico.  [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  15:  45-46. 

DIPTERA. — Anduze,  P.  J. — Lista  provisional  de  los  Zan- 
cudos  hematofagos  de  Venezuela  (Culicidae).  [Bol.  Ent. 
Venezolana]  1  :  6-18.  Crauford-Benson,  H.  J. — The  cattle 
lice  of  Great  Britain.  I.  Biology.  II.  Populations.  [116]  33: 
331-358,  ill.  Harnly,  M.  H. — (see  under  Anatomy).  Mai- 
loch,  J.  R. — Venezuelan  Diptera.  [Bol.  Soc.  Venezolana 
Cien.  Nat.]  7:  123-131.  Miller,  R.  B.— A  contribution  to  the 
ecology  of  the  Chironomidae  of  Costello  Lake,  Algonquin 
Park,  Ontario.  [Univ.  Toronto  Studies]  Biol.  Ser.  No.  4(>: 
63  pp.,  ill.  Olenov,  J.  M.— The  mutational  process  in  Dro- 
sophila  melanogaster  under  avitaminous  B-2  conditions.  [90] 
75:  580-595.  Patterson,  J.  T.— The  virilis  group  of  Droso- 
phila  in  Texas.  [90]  75 :  523-539.  Stone,  A.— A  restudy  of 
Parasimulium  furcatnm  (Simuliid.).  [10]  43:  146-149]  ill. 
Telford  &  Wester. — Anopheles  maculipennis  and  Anopheles 
punctipennis  from  North  Dakota.  [68]  94:  514.  Thorpe, 
W.  H. — A  description  of  six  new  species  of  the  genus  Cryp- 
tochaetum  (Diptera-Agromyzidae)  from  East  Africa  and 


30  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '42 

East  Indies ;  together  with  a  key  to  the  adults  and  larvae  of 
all  known  species.  [116]  33:  131-148,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA. — Anderson,  W.  H. — The  larva  and  pupa 
of  Cylindrocopturus  furnissi  (Curculion.).  [10]  43:  152-155, 
ill.  Blaisdell,  F.  E. — A  new  species  of  Eleodes  from  Oregon, 
belonging  to  the  subgenus  Blapylis.  (Tenebrionid.).  [55] 
17:  156-159.  Curran,  C.  H. — Erotylidae  of  Kartabo,  Bartica 
District,  British  Guiana.  [Zoologica]  26:281-288,  ill.  Fisher, 
R.  C. —  (see  under  Anat.)  Gray,  Hatch,  McGrath  &  Beer.- 
The  Coleoptera  of  Washington.  [Univ.  Washington  Publ. 
Biol.]  10:  144  pp.,  ill.  Hinton  &  Stephens. — Notes  on  the 
food  of  Micropeplus,  with  a  description  of  the  pupa  of  M. 
fulvus.  [107]  16:  29-32,  ill.  Linsley,  E.  G.— Additional  ob- 
servations and  descriptions  of  some  species  of  Pleocoma. 
[55]  17:  145-152.  Saylor,  L.  W.— A  new  United  States  Lis- 
trochelus  ( Scarabaeid.).  [10]  43:  145-146.  Soukup,  J.- 
Nuevos  coleopteros  peruanos.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  "Javier 
Prado"]  5:  339-342.  Struble  &  Carpelan.— External  sex 
characters  of  two  important  native  predators  of  the  moun- 
tain pine  beetle  in  sugar  pine.  (Ostomatid.,  Clerid.).  [55] 
17:  153-156,  ill.  Wenzel,  R. — Museum  acquires  collection 
of  15,000  beetles.  [Field  Mus.  News]  12:  3,  ill.  White,  B. 
E. — A  new  species  of  Bruchus  with  notes  on  Bruchus  major 
and  julianus.  (Bruchid).  [55]  17:  189-190.  White,  W.  H. 
-The  Mexican  bean  beetle.  [Smithson.  Report  1940]  Publ. 
3620:  343-356,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Buzicky,  A.  W.— A  monograph  of 
the  genus  Chyphotes  (Mutillid.)  of  North  America.  [70] 
21 :  201-250,  ill.  Gobeil,  A.  R.— La  diapause  chez  les  Tenth- 
redes.  [Canadian  Jour.  Res.]  19:  363-382,  ill.  Mallis,  A.— 
A  list  of  the  ants  of  California  with  notes  on  their  habits 
and  distribution.  [38]  40:  61-100.  (k).  Mitchell,  T.  B.- 
Some  additional  intersexes  in  Megachile.  [55]  17:  165-168. 
Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W. — T\vo  new  reared  species  of  Doryctes 
(Bracon.).  [10]  43:  149-152.  Prebble,  M.  L.— The  diapause 
and  related  phenomena  in  Gilpinia  polytoma.  Ill  Biocli- 
matic  relations.  [Canadian  Jour.  Res.]  19':  350-362,  ill.  Rau, 
P. — Birds  as  enemies  of  Polistes  wrasps.  [4]  73 :  196.  Reeks, 
W.  A. — On  the  taxonomic  status  of  Gilpinia  polytoma  and 
G.  hercyniae  (Diprionid.)  [4]  73:  177-188,  ill.  Varley,  G. 
C. — On  the  search  for  hosts  and  the  egg  distribution  of  some 
chalcid  parasites  of  the  knapweed  gall-fly.  [116]  33:  47-66, 
ill. 

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Subscriptions  for  1942  are  now  due 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


FEBRUARY,  1942  m! 


Vol.  LIII  No.  2 


CONTENTS 

Franclemont — Notes  on  Some  Cucullinae  (Phalaenidae,  Lepidoptera) 

II 31 

Harris — The  Male  of  Pagasa  fasciventris  H.  M.  Harris  (Hemiptera: 

Nabidae) 36 

Satterthwait — Weevils  (Coleoptera,  Curculionidae)  Affecting  Chufa 

(Cyperus  esculentus) 37 

Blaisdell — Notes  Concerning  Eschatomoxys  wagneri  Blaisdell  (Coleo- 
ptera: Tenebrionidae) 43 

Riley — Misidentified    Genotypes 45 

Michener — Taxonomic    Notes    on    the  Genera    Chelostoma   and    Ash- 

meadiella  (Hymenoptera,  Megachilidae) 47 

Current  Entomological  Literature 

Rodeck — Colorado  Lepidoptera  Records  (Pieridae,  Noctuidae)    ...  58 

Obituary — Dr.  James  Allen  Nelson 

Mr.  Ralph  Hopping,  Mr.  F.  C.  Hennessey,  Dr.  H.  E.tr.ng- 
ham  , .  .       •    •  60 


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ENT.  NEWS  VOL.  LIU. 


Plate  1. 


CUCULLINAE-FRANCLEMONT. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  FEBRUARY,  1942  No  2 

Notes  on  Some   Cucullinae  (Phalaenidae,   Lepidop- 

tera)  II. 

On     the     Identity     of     Lithophane     ferrealis     Grote     and 

Xylina  innominata  Smith,  with  Descriptions  of  Some 

New  Forms  of  the  Genus  Lithophane1  Hubner. 

P.y  J.  G.  FRANCLEMONT,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
(Plate  I.) 

LlTHOPHAXE  PETULCA   form  FERREALIS  Grote    (PI.   I,   fig.  2). 

Lithophane  ferrealis  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Kept.  Peab.  Acad.   Sci., 
32,  1874. 

This  form  has  troubled  everyone  who  has  attempted  to  work 
on  the  species  of  the  genus  LitJwphanc  (Graptolitlia,  ^.Xylina). 
I  think  that  one  reason  has  been  that  no  one,  in  all  probability, 
has  had  a  really  'pure'  series  of  this  form,  as  the  same  color 
form  occurs  in  six  other  species,  not  including  orinnda,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  this  has  helped  to  create  some  of 
the  confusion  which  seems  to  have  always  surrounded  this 
form.  There  has  also  always  existed  the  doubt  as  to  the 
validity  of  this  form  as  a  species,  but  no  one  seems  to  have 
been  able  to  decide  to  which  species  this  form  should  fall.  As 

1  Lithophane  was  proposed  by  Hubner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.,  242, 
1821;  Graptolitlia  follows  immediately  on  the  same  page.  Grote,  con- 
sidering Graptolitlia  a  subgenus  of  Lithophanc,  designated  the  types  of 
both  names  in  the  Sixth  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Peabody 
Academy  of  Science,  1874,  on  pages  31  and  34  respectively;  choosing  as 
the  type  of  Lithophane.  \roctiia  soda  Rott.  (petrijicata  I).  &  S.),  a 
species  very  closely  allied  to  ainanda  Sini/Ii,  in  fact  the  latter  species 
may  prove  to  be  but  a  geographical  race  of  the  former ;  and  as  type  of 
Graptolitlia,  Noctua  fnrcifcra  Hufn.  (conjonnis  D.  &  S.),  a  very  close 
ally  of  pc.rata  finite.  Hampsnn's  (Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  B.  M.,  vi,  243  and 
246,  1906)  division  of  the  species  he  includes  in  Litliopliane  and  (inip- 
tolitlid  is  purely  artificial,  in  fact  the  characters  of  differentiation  em- 
ployed are  non-existent!  It  is  proposed  here  to  use  Lithophane  for  all 
the  species  included  in  both  tiiis  genus  and  (ii'aptolitha  by  Hampson ; 
as  a  result  Litliopliane  will  replace  Graptolitha  oj  McDunnough's 
3(J  Checklist,  page  83. 


31 


MAR     2  1942 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

a  result  the  name  has  stood  on  American  lists  as  a  valid  species, 
and  this  is  in  part  traceable  to  mixed  series. 

True  fcn'calis  is  the  suffused  form  of  pet  idea  Grote.  The 
fore  wings  have  the  costa,  reniform  and  orbicular  ashen  wjth 
a  slight  bluish  cast ;  the  remainder  of  the  wing  is  reddish, 
ferruginous  black.  The  hind  wings  are  blackish  fuscous,  with 
the  fringes  ruddy.  The  abdomen  has  the  lateral  and  anal  tufts 
ruddy. 

This  form  is  correctly  figured  by  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent. 
Soc.,  xxvii,  pi.  Ill,  figs.  11  &  12;  normal  pelnlcn  (^.sujnosa 
Smith)  is  figured  on  the  same  plate,  figure  13,  also  figure  4 
as  "disposita — a  little  suffused." 

Specimens  examined :  57  from  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
New  York,  Massachusetts  and  Maine ;  Ontario  and  Manitoba, 
Canada. 

LITHOPHANE  HEMINA  form  lignicosta  form.  nov.  (PI.  I, 
fig.  4). 

The  costa,  orbicular  and  reniform  of  the  fore  wing  are 
wood  brown  ;  the  remainder  of  the  wing  is  vinous  black  to 
blackish  brown ;  the  ordinary  markings  where  visible  are  as 
in  normal  licuiina. 

This  form  differs  from  ferrcalis  in  its  generally  darker  color, 
especially  that  of  the  costa,  orbicular  and  reniform ;  it  also 
lacks  the  warm  reddish  tints  of  that  form.  The  fringe  of  the 
hind  wings  is  dark  brown,  not  ruddy ;  the  lateral  and  anal 
tufts  of  the  abdomen  are  aslo  brown. 

Holotyfc:  $,  Ithaca,  NEW  YORK,  Sept.  29,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont).  [in  Coll.  Franclemontj. 

Allotypc:  9.  Ithaca,  New  York,  Sept.  29,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Paratypcs:  97  $  <J  ,  74  9  9  Ithaca,  New  York,  Sept- April  (J. 
G.  Franclemont);  35  $  $  ,  49  9  9  ,  McLean  Bogs  Reserve, 
Tompkins  County,  New  York,  Sept. — March  (J.  G.  Francle- 
mont) ;  3$  $,  29  9,  Chaffee,  New  York,  September  (J.  G. 
Franclemont);  [all  in  coll.  Franclemont].  8  $  $  ,  99  9, 
Horseheads,  New  York,  October-April  ( L.  R.  Rupert ) .  [15 
in  coll.  Rupert,  2  in  coll.  Franclemont].  1  <5  ,  29  9,  Lambs 
Creek,  PENNSYLVANIA  (L.  R.  Rupert),  (in  Coll.  Rupert].  1  £  , 
Ottawa,  ONTARIO,  Canada,  Sept.  11,  1905  ( C.  H.  Young); 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  33 

2  $  $  ,  19,  Lobe,  Ontario,  Canada,  Oct.  2,  1924  (A.  A. 
Wood),  | in  Coll.  Canadian  National  Museum].  \i,  29  9, 
Bear  Mt.,  New  York  (  H.  J.  Erh)  ;  \$  ,  1  9  ,  Lakehurst,  XEW 
JERSEY  (F.  Lemmer)  ;  299,  Pennsylvania  ( Merrick),  [in 
Coll.  Buchholzj. 

LITHOPHANE  SIGNOSA  form  pallidicosta  form.  nov.  (PI:  1, 
fig.  6). 

The  costa,  orbicular  and  reniform  of  the  fore  wing  are  gray- 
ish with  some  brown  streaking;  the  remainder  of  the  wing  is 
blackish  brown.  This  form  agrees  with  normal  signosa  Walker 
in  its  streaked  appearance ;  except  in  very  intensely  suffused 
specimens,  the  normal  pattern  is  evident. 

This  form  differs  from  fcrrcalis  and  lit/nicosta  in  its  longer 
and  narrower  wings,  and  in  its  more  streaked  pattern.  The 
wing  shape  will  separate  both  the  normal  and  suffused  forms 
from  the  corresponding  forms  of  petulca  and  hemina.  The 
costa,  orbicular  and  reniform  are  distinctly  darker  than  fer- 
realis,  and  the  suffused  area  is  darker  also,  lacking  the  warm 
red  tints  of  f  err  calls. 

Holotypc:  $,  Ithaca,  NEW  YORK.  Sept.  27,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  fin  Coll.  Franclemont] . 

Allot  ypc :  9  ,  Ithaca.  New  York,  Oct.  2,  1940  ( J.  G.  Francle- 
mont), fin  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Paratypcs:  23$  $,  189  9,  Ithaca,  New  York,  Sept-April 
(].  G.  Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont].  14  $  's  &  9  's, 
Bristol,  RHODE  ISLAND,  Sept.-May  (Howard  L.  Clarke),  flO 
in  Coll.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist..  2  in  Coll.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  2  in  Coll. 
Franclemont].  1  9,  Randolph,  VERMONT,  September,  [in  Coll. 
Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.].  1  9  ,  Lafayette,  INDIANA,  Sept.  1,  1916 
(H.  J.  Hart).  |  in  Coll.  U.  S.  N.  M.|.  1  $,  Nantucket  Island, 
MASSACHUSETTS.  Oct.  (C.  P.  Kimball),  [in  Coll.  Kimball]. 
2$ •  &,  39  9,  NEW  JERSEY  fin  Coll.  Buchholz|. 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Richard  Dow  of  the  Boston  Society  of 
Natural  History  for  the  loan  of  the  material  referred  to  above 
from  that  Institution. 

LITHOPHANE  PATEFACTA  form  niveocosta  form.  nov.  (PI.  I 
fig-  8). 

The  costa.  reniform  and  orbicular  of  the  fore  wing  clay 
while;  the  remainder  of  the  wing  vinous  brown;  the  ordinary 
markings  of  the  normal  form  are  present  and  discernible. 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

This  form  is  very  similar  to  fcrrcalis,  but  differs  in  the 
slightly  less  reddish  hue  of  the  suffused  area  and  in  the  more 
yellowish  hue  of  the  costa,  reniform  and  orbicular,  that  of  fcr- 
rcalis being  somewhat  ashy-gray  in  hue. 

Holotypc:  $,  Ithaca,  NEW  YORK,  Sept.  6,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  (in  Coll.  Franclemont  |. 

Allolypc:  9,  Lakehurst,  NEW  JERSEY,  October  10  (Freder- 
ick Lemmer),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Paratypcs:  26  £  <}  ,  25$  9,  Lakehurst,  Xe\v  Jersey,  Oct.- 
March  (Frederick  Lemmer),  [20  in  Coll.  Lemmer,  19  in  Coll. 
Franclemont,  7  in  Coll.  Buchholx,  3  in  Coll.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  2 
in  Coll.  Cornell  Univ.]. 

I  wish  to  express  my  sincere  thanks  to  the  late  Mr.  Frederick 
Lemmer  for  his  most  generous  loan  of  the  material  of  this 
form. 

LITIIOPITANE  DISPOSITA   form  argillocosta   form.   nov.    (PI. 

I,  %.  10). 

Fore  wing  with  the  costa,  reniform,  orbicular  and  a  sub- 
terminal  shade  luteous  gray  ;  the  remainder  of  the  wing  suf- 
fused with  blackish  sepia.  The  ordinary  markings  visible,  and 
as  in  normal  dispositct. 

This  form  differs  from  all  the  rest  in  its  very  distinctly  out- 
lined reniform  and  orbicular,  in  this  respect  resembling 
oriunda.  It  has  none  of  the  brown  or  red  shades  of  fcrrcalis 
and  the  foregoing  new  forms. 

This  is  the  form  figured  as  "Jicinina  Grt. — melanic"  by 
Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvii,  pi.  Ill,  fig.  2.  As  a 
means  of  explanation,  it  might  be  well  to  say,  that  the  liciniua 
of  the  Smith  collection  were  hibernated  specimens  of  disposita, 
thus  in  the  light  of  this  information,  Smith's  statement  is  un- 
derstandable. 

Holotypc:  $,  MANITOBA,  Canada,  Sept.  13,  1905  (ex.  Coll. 
Buchholz),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Allot y pc:  9  Cartwright,  Manitoba,  Canada  (ex.  Coll.  Buch- 
holz), [in  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Paratypc:  1  $  ,  Miniota,  Manitoba,  Canada,  Sept.  13,  1905; 
1  9  .Manitoba,  Canada.  Sept.  13,  1905;  |  in  Coll.  Buchholx]. 
19  Aweme,  Manitoba,  Canada,  Sept.  4,  1922  (N.  ("riddle); 
19  Lobe.  ONTARIO,  Canada.  Oct.  IS,  1924  (A.  A.  Wood); 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  35 

[in  Coll.  Canadian  National  Museum]. 

LITHOPHANE  BETHUNEI  form  luteocosta  form.  nov.  (PI.  1, 
fig.  12). 

Forewing  with  the  costa,  reniform,  orhicular  and  a  sub- 
terminal  shade  white  with  a  slight  luteous  cast ;  the  remainder 
of  the  wing  dusky  black.  The  ordinary  markings  evident  and 
as  in  the  normal  form  of  this  species. 

This  form  closely  resembles  niveocosta  and  fcrrcalis  in  its 
light  costa,  but  differs  from  these  two  forms  in  lacking  all  the 
warm  reddish  shades  of  these  two  forms. 

Holotypc:  $  Lobe,  ONTARIO,  Canada,  Sept.  23,  1924  (A.  A. 
Wood),  |  in  Coll.  Canadian  National  Museum.) 

This  form  was  most  generously  loaned  to  me  for  description 
by  Dr.  J.  H.  McDunnough,  and  I  wish  to  thank  him  for  this 
kindness. 

LITHOPHANE  BETHUNEI  form  duscalis  form.  nov.  (PI.  I,  fig. 
13). 

The  fore  wing  deep  olive  umber  brown,  slightly  irroratc 
with  gray ;  the  ordinary  markings  as  in  bethunei  proper ;  the 
reniform  outlined  by  reddish  russet;  orbicular  oblique,  incon- 
spicuous ;  the  subterminal  line  an  irregular  series  of  pale  spots 
with  an  irregular  reddish  russet  shade  on  their  inner  side ;  the 
terminal  area  with  a  blackish  shade  below  the  costa  and  an- 
other at  the  anal  angle,  these  bordered  on  their  inner  side  by 
the  subterminal  line;  the  antemedial  line  indicated  on  its 
inner  side  by  a  double  series  of  black  dots  on  the  veins,  the 
postmedial  by  a  similar  series  on  its  outer  side ;  median  shade 
irregular  and  diffuse,  enveloping  the  reniform.  The  hind 
wing  dusky  black;  the  fringe  pale  russet  contrasting  with  the' 
rest  of  the  wing. 

This  form  resembles  both  pctnlca  and  hcmina,  but  perhaps 
the  former  more  than  the  latter;  it  is  somewhat  lighter  than 
Jicnihni,  being  of  the  general  tone  of  peiulca,  but  lacking  the 
evident  ashy-blue  overcast  of  that  species.  One  of  the  nm^t 
outstanding  features  of  this  form  is  an  oval  spot  of  light  gray- 
ish brown,  just  above  the  inner  margin  and  between  the  po>t- 
medial  and  subterminal  lines;  this  stands  out  verv  markedly 
and  is  not  possessed  by  either  pctulca  or  licinina. 

Holotype:  $,  Ithaca,  NEW  YORK,  Sept.  27,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  |in  Coll.  Franclemont  | . 

Paratypcs:  11  6  $  ,  10$  9    (Bred  ex  ova),  Tthaca,  New  York, 

1941    (Franclemont),   (in  Coll.  Franclemont  | . 

(To  he  continued.) 


36  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

The   Male    of  Pagasa     fasciventris    H.   M.    Harris 
(Hemiptera,  Nabidae). 

By  H.  M.  HARRIS,  Ames,  Iowa. 

The  February,  1940,  issue  of  "The  Entomological  News" 
(Vol.  51,  p.  35)  carries  the  original  description  of  this  prettily 
marked  species  which  has  been  known  only  from  the  female 
sex.  Through  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  R.  H.  Beamer,  I  now  am 
privileged  to  characterize  the  male.  Dr.  Beamer  writes  that 
three  hours  of  careful  search  in  the  same  blue-stem  patch 
where  he  collected  specimens  in  1939  yielded  a  single  nymph. 
Fortunately,  he  was  able  to  rear  it  to  adulthood  and  thus  make 
these  notes  possible.  The  species  lives  in  the  bases  of  clump- 
forming  grasses  such  as  blue-stem  and.  although  ranging  from 
Virginia  to  Nebraska  and  south-eastern  Kansas,  it  apparently 
is  very  locally  distributed  and  quite  adept  at  hiding  on  the 
ground  among  the  stem  and  roots  of  these  plants.  In  the 
proportions  given  in  the  following  description  48  units  equal 
one  millimeter. 

Brachypterous  male :  Color  as  in  female,  head,  anterior  lobe 
of  pronotum  (except  for  spot  on  collar)  and  apical  part  of  ab- 
domen shiny  black,  the  remainder  of  body  and  the  legs  reddish- 
orange.  Body  smaller  than  that  of  female  and  slightly  more 
elongate.  Head  faintly  longer  than  broad  (40:  38).  Vertex 
broader  than  eye  (14:  11),  the  latter  twice  as  long  as  wide  (23: 
11).  Antennae  colored  as  in  female,  but  more  intensely  con- 
trasted; proportion  of  segments,  14:  11  :  43:  45:  40.  Rostrum 
concolorous  with  legs,  the  base  dark;  proportions,  31:  32:  15. 
Pronotum  narrow,  longer  than  wide  (65:  60),  strongly  shining. 
Scutellum  dull.  Hemelytra  shiny,  short,  truncate  apically,  the 
costal  margins  almost  parallel,  the  surface  with  punctures  as  in 
female.  Legs  slender,  the  front  femur  about  two  and  two-thirds 
times  as  long  as  deep  (55  :  20),  armed  as  in  female.  Venter  not 
so  hairy  as  in  P.  fusca  (Stein),  the  claspers  dark,  much  shorter 
and  proportionately  broader  than  in  that  species,  but  of  same 
general  type. 

Length,  5.2mm.  Width,  (pronotum)  1.25  mm.;  (abdomen) 
1.65  mm. 

Allotype,  Brachypterous  male,  Cherokee  County,  KANSAS, 
reared  from  nymph  taken  Aug.  24,  1941,  R.  H.  Beamer;  in  col- 
lection of  University  of  Kansas. 


liii,    '42J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  37 

Weevils  (Coleoptera,  Curculionidae)  Affecting  Chufa 
(Cyperus  esculentus). 

Bv  A.  F.  SATTERTHWAIT,  Bureau  of  Entomology  and 

*  o- 

Plant  Quarantine,  United  States  Department 

of  Agriculture 

(Continued  from  page   16.) 

CALENDRA  CALLOSA  (Oliv.). 

The  adult  curlew  bug  ( Calcndra  callosa  ( Oliv. ) )  has  a 
broad  depression  in  the  basal  third  of  each  wing  cover,  a  promi- 
nence at  the  outer  basal  angle,  another  near  the  apex  of  each 
wing  cover,  and  fine  punctures  on  the  basal  portion  of  the 
lateral  pronotal  carina.  The  new  adult  stays  in  its  cell  a  few 
days,  and  at  this  time  it  has  a  burnished-gold  sheen  over  its 
olive-brown  body.  After  it  has  traveled  in  the  moist  soil  it 
loses  its  beauty  and  in  its  usual  haunts  becomes  very  difficult 
to  distinguish  from  the  soil.  Like  many  other  species  of  insects 
whose  larvae  are  internal  tissue  feeders,  the  curlew  bug  varies 
much  in  size.  The  usual  length  in  the  adult  stage  is  from  9.5 
to  12  mm.,  although  the  range  is  from  about  7  to  12  mm. 

The  egg  is  pearly  white.  1.84  to  2.11  mm.  long  and  0.73  to 
0.95  mm.  wide,  and  rounded  at  the  ends. 

The  mature  larva  measures  approximately  13  mm.  in  length. 
Its  head  is  yellow  or  red  and  from  0.71  to  2.60  mm.  in  width 
from  hatching  to  maturity;  its  body  is  white,  about  half  as 
thick  at  the  middle  as  long.  It  makes  its  pupal  cell  in  the  plant 
by  packing  shredded  plant  tissue  in  the  ends  of  the  excavation 
or  in  the  soil.  It  will  smooth  the  surface  of  the  excavation 
and  press  it,  perhaps  modify  it  with  body  juice;  at  any  rate, 
the  cell  is  fairly  strong  and  resistant  to  possible  predatory  in- 
sects. The  pupal  stage  covers  about  5  days. 

The  pupa  is  about  8.17  to  12.83  mm.  long,  with  6  rostral 
tubercles,  the  basal  pair  elevated,  granular  or  trilobed,  darker 
than  the  rest  of  the  head,  and  usually  is  without  setae. 

The  adult  usually  feeds  head  downward,  inserting  the  beak 
in  the  root  crown  or  in  the  stem  within  50  mm.  of  the  soil  level. 
The  curlew  bug  oviposits  to  some  extent  in  15  known  species 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

of  plants,  appearing  definitely  to  prefer  chufa  to  any  other. 
The  egg  is  laid  in  the  leaf  sheath  or  top  of  the  crown ;  the 
larva  hatches  and  excavates  the  inner  leaves,  or,  in  the  event 
the  flower  stalk  has  developed,  the  interior  of  the  flower  stalk. 
As  the  larva  grows  and  progresses  in  its  feeding,  the  central 
leaves  die,  or,  if  the  flower  stalk  is  present  and  infested,  the 
flower  stalk  dies.  A  cursory  examination  of  a  stand  of  chufa 
within  a  few  days  after  the  eggs  have  hatched  reveals  conspic- 
uously the  feeding  places  of  the  larva.  As  the  chufa  season 
progresses,  the  greatest  number  of  destroyed  plants  is  charge- 
able to  the  work  of  this  billbug.  The  larva  normally  requires 
from  3  to  5  weeks  to  complete  its  growth,  and  if  it  cuts  its  way 
out  of  one  plant  before  having  completed  feeding  it  will  enter 
the  base  of  another.  It  may  pupate  in  the  larval  excavation  in 
the  plant  or  leave  the  plant  and  make  a  pupal  cell  in  the  soil 
within  about  2  inches  of  the  plant. 

The  seasonal  history  of  this  insect  appears  to  vary  according 
to  locality.  In  Alabama,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mobile,  it  has  been 
found  in  egg,  larval,  and  pupal  stages  on  September  16.  From 
an  egg  collected  September  16,  a  larva  issued  September  23 
and  pupated  October  26.  From  this  pupa  an  adult  issued  De- 
cember 18,  at  Webster  Groves,  Missouri.  Its  development 
would  no  doubt  have  been  substantially  accelerated  in  the  higher 
temperature  of  Mobile. 

In  Mississippi,  at  Jackson,  eggs  were  collected  June  14,  1922, 
and  larvae  were  found  from  June  15  to  September  19,  one  of 
those  collected  on  the  last  date  being  newly  hatched.  At  Holly 
Springs,  a  pupa  was  taken  June  17,  1922;  other  immature 
forms  collected  June  18  and  subsequently  fed  at  Webster 
Groves,  yielded  adults  in  the  period  June  23  to  November  20. 

In  Arkansas,  at  Fayetteville,  eggs  and  larvae  were  collected 
June  11,  1923;  at  Blytheville,  eggs  and  larvae  on  June  25, 
1922;  at  Osceola,  larvae  on  June  26,  1922;  at  Benton,  eggs 
and  larvae  on  June  18,  1922.  Pupation  at  Webster  Groves 
took  place  in  material  of  the  Blytheville  collection  as  early  as 
July  10,  yielding  the  adult  July  12,  and  as  late  as  August  19 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  39 

from  the  Osceola  collection,  yielding  the  adult  August  28. 

It  is  probable  that  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Gulf  coast,  and 
possibly  also  throughout  Arkansas,  the  species  may  overwinter 
in  two  or  more  stages,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  any  stage 
excepting  the  adult  winters  successfully  in  the  area  as  far 
north  as  St.  Louis. 

These  studies  of  the  curlew  bug  have  failed  to  show  any 
tendency  on  its  part  to  oviposit  in  corn  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Illinois,  Mis- 
souri, Kansas,  Arkansas,  or  Oklahoma.  On  the  other  hand, 
Z.  P.  Metcalf  found,  first,  that  the  species  in  eastern  North 
Carolina  did  oviposit  in  corn,*  and,  second,  that  probably  no 
other  corn  insect  caused  so  great  a  loss,  both  directly  and  in- 
directly, in  the  eastern  part  of  this  State  as  did  the  curlew  bug. 
Where  the  curlew  bug  is  thus  able  to  develop  in  corn,  the 
elimination  of  chufa  from  corn  ground  becomes  less  important 
in  the  control  of  this  weevil. 

In  the  vicinity  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  this  species  and  the 
destructve  billbug  (Calcndra  destructor}  feed  chiefly  on  chufa. 
The  curlew  bug  has  an  earlier  feeding  period  or  a  shorter  sea- 
son, for  in  this  locality  it  is  the  dominant  species  in  chufa  late 
in  August  whereas  the  destructive  billbug  is  the  dominant 
species  in  this  host  plant  in  September. 

The  foregoing  generalized  statement  is  based  on  records  of 
over  1,500  living  specimens  of  the  curlew  bug. 
CALENDRA  DESTRUCTOR   (Chitt.). 

The  destructive  billbug  (Calendra  destructor  (Chitt.)) 
ranges  in  length  from  7  to  12  mm.  and  may  be  distinguished 
from  the  curlew  bug,  which  frequently  it  closely  resembles, 
by  having  the  bases  of  at  least  two  of  the  first  three  even  in- 
tervals depressed  at  the  bases  of  the  elytra  and  by  the  presence 
of  coarse  punctures  on  the  bases  of  the  lateral  pronotal  carinae. 
The  corresponding  punctures  of  the  curlew  bug  are  fine.  The 
newly  developed  adult  exhibits  a  velvety  texture  but  entirely 
without  the  burnished-gold  sheen  of  the  curlew  bug.  The 

*  R.  G.  Kelly  (note  files)  records  eggs  on  corn  at  Wellington,  Kansas. 


40  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

color  is  dark  brown  or  black. 

The  egg  closely  resembles  tbat  of  the  curlew  bug  and  ranges 
in  length  from  1.66  to  1.83  mm.  and  in  width  from  0.73  to 
0.84  mm. 

The  larva  likewise  closely  resembles  that  of  the  curlew  bug. 
The  width  of  the  head  ranges  from  0.49  mm.  in  the  first  instar 
to  2.14  mm.  at  maturity. 

The  pupa  ranges  in  length  from  8.05  to  10.84mm.  The 
rostrum  bears  six  similar  seta-bearing  tubercles,  and  the 
mesonotum,  the  metanotum,  and  the  tergite  of  the  eighth  ab- 
dominal segment  each  bear  one  or  more  pairs  of  setae.  As 
usual  in  this  genus  of  snout  beetles,  the  adult  of  the  destructive 
billbug  usually  eats  with  its  head  directed  downward,  inserting 
the  beak  through  an  inconspicuous  puncture  and  feeding  at 
large  in  the  interior  of  the  leaf  sheath  of  the  bud  or  flower 
stalk,  often  enlarging  the  feeding  cavity  by  tearing  the  plant 
tissue  longitudinally  without  withdrawing  its  beak. 

Oviposition  occurs  in  some  of  the  feeding  punctures.  When 
the  beak  is  withdrawn,  the  punctured  slit  of  the  plant  closes 
fairly  well.  The  oviposition  period  appears  to  begin  as  early 
as  with  any  of  the  other  billbug  species  in  the  Mississippi 
Valley  and  continues  definitely  later  in  the  season,  with  fair 
volume,  than  that  of  other  species '  working  in  chufa.  This 
period,  in  the  St.  Louis  section,  extends  from  May  12  to  Sep- 
tember 22. 

The  incubation  period  of  the  eggs  is  not  appreciably  differ- 
ent from  that  of  other  species  and  averages  about  5  days.  The 
larva  begins  excavating  in  the  egg  cell  and  may  work  part 
way  up  or  down  the  stem  .  When  it  emerges  from  its  excava- 
tion it  usually  enters  the  base  of  another  plant.  Pupation 
occurs  either  in  the  larval  excavation  or  in  the  soil  close  by. 
The  pupal  cell  is  limited,  in  the  larval  excavation,  by  packed, 
torn  plant  tissues ;  when  located  in  the  soil,  a  fairly  good  cocoon 
is  made  of  torn  plant  tissue.  The  pupal  period  lasts  from 
about  8  to  18  days.  The  life  cycle  of  the  destructive  billbug 
and  its  size  in  larval  and  adult  stages  are  rather  similar  to 
those  of  the  curlew  bug. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  41 

The  following  collections  were  made :  At  Chandler,  Okla- 
homa, numerous  eggs  and  larvae  in  chufa  on  June  11,  1923; 
at  Manhattan,  Kansas,  numerous  eggs  on  June  16,  1924 ;  at 
Thayer,  Missouri,  one  egg  on  May  24,  1918,  and  one  larva 
June  13,  1921;  in  St.  Louis  County,  Missouri,  eggs  on  July 

11,  1924,    newly    hatched    larvae    on    September    22,     1923, 
and  larvae,   pupae,  and   new  adults   qn 'September  27  of   the 
same  year;  at  Dupo,  Illinois,  one  larva  on  August   15,   1922; 
and  at  Athens,  Indiana,  eggs  and  larvae  on  June  21,  1916.  • 

CALENDRA  CARIOSA   (Oliv.). 

One  larva  of  Calcndra  cariosa  (Oliv.)  was  found  in  one  of 
three  plants  of  Cypcms  cscitlcutits  collected  at  Delchamps, 
Alabama,  July  1,  1923;  it  pupated  August  6. 

A  mature  larva  of  Calcndra  cariosa  was  collected  December 

12,  1931,   in  a  pupal  cell  in  the  soil  under  a  chufa  plant  at 
Wiggins,  Mississippi.     A  female  adult  issued  January  2. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  any  other  billbug  by  the 
peculiar  elytral  sculpture,  in  which  rather  large,  shallow,  de- 
pressed areas  include  two  or  more  broad,  shallow  strial  punc- 
tures or  interval  punctures.  The  pronotum  has  a  central, 
diamond-shaped,  polished  area  and  is  broadly  canaliculate  on 
both  sides  of  the  central  elevation.  The  species  attains  a 
length  of  13.5  mm. 

The  preferred  host  plant  of  this  billbug  appears  to  be  the 
horned  rush  (Ry?ncliospora  coniiculata) ,  though  it  is  rather  a 
general  feeder  on  sedges. 

.  .The  pupa  of  this  species  has  the  rostrum  with  only  six  seta- 
bearing  tubercles,  all  conical,  the  basal  pair  set  on  broad,  mod- 
erately high,  and  wrinkled  prominences,  the  prominences  not 
darker  than  the  head,  the  base  wrinkled,  not  appearing  lobed 
or  granular.  Its  length  is  9.31  to  17.00  mm.,  the  average  being 
12.49  mm.;  ihc  pronotal  width  is  2.66  to  4.40  mm.,  averaging 
3.55  mm. 

CALENDRA  PARVULA    (Gyll.) 

Three  eggs  of  a  corn  billbug  were  found  in  Cypcrus  cscu- 
Icntus  at  Arkansas  City,  Kansas,  on  June  5,  1924.  One  egg, 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

measuring  1.50  mm.  long  by  0.52  mm.  thick,  hatched  June  10, 
yielding  a  pupa  on  August  4  and  an  adult  female  of  Calcndra 
parvula  (Gyll.)  on  August  7. 

This  is  the  blue-grass  billbug,  definitely  bred  from  18  species 
of  plants,  but  rarely  from  chufa.  This  little  weevil  has  a 
fairly  uniformly  punctured  pronotum,  fairly  smooth  intervals 
on  the  elytra,  and  a  long  beak ;  its  length  is  about  7  mm. 

The  pupa  has  only  four  rostral  tubercles,  all  seta-bearing. 
The  eighth  abdominal  tergite  has  one  pair  of  large  dorsal  setae 
as  large  as  the  largest  on  the  ninth  tergite.  The  species  is 
slender,  from  5.58  to  10.22  mm.  in  length,  and  the  pronotal 
width  from  1.93  to  3.98  mm.,  the  beak  appears  to  be  long  and 
slender,  and  the  ninth  tergite  has  six  to  eight  large  setae. 

CALENDRA  VENATUS   (Say.). 

The  hunting  billbug  (Calcndra  vcnatus  (Say))  ranges  from 
6  to  11  mm.  in  length.  It  is  smaller  than  the  curlew  bug  and 
is  best  distinguished  from  the  other  species  mentioned  by  a 
depression  on  the  disk  of  the  pronotum  immediately  back  of 
the  head.  The  color  of  this  billbug  is  black. 

The  egg  closely  resembles  that  of  the  curlew  bug  and  ranges 
from  1.34  to  1.87  mm.  in  length  and  from  0.46  to  0.83  in 
diameter. 

The  larva  passes  through  the  same  number  of  instars  and 
requires  approximately  the  same  length  of  time  to  mature  as 
the  curlew  bug.  The  width  of  the  head  ranges  from  0.29  mm. 
in  the  first  instar  to  1.97  in  the  last. 

The  pupa  is  about  9.22  to  12.75  mm.  long,  with  six  rostral 
seta-bearing  tubercles. 

The  hunting  billbug  appears  to  breed  more  freely  in  chufa 
than  in  any  other  of  its  known  host  plants. 

In  Indiana,  near  Chalmers,  numerous  eggs  have  been  taken 
in  chufa  on  June  20,  1916,  and  in  Missouri  at  Webster  Groves 
on  August  5,  1925.  Larvae  were  taken  near  Charleston,  Mis- 
souri, July  20,  1918. 

Numerous  adults  have  been  taken  associated  with  chufa  or 
attacking  corn  on  ground  heavily  infested  with  chufa,  circum- 
stances which  strongly  indicated  that  these  adults  had  developed 
in  chufa. 


Hii,    '42J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  43 

RECOMMENDATIONS   FOR   CONTROLLING   CHUFA    INSECTS. 

Although  the  chufa  crop  is  grown  almost  entirely  as  food  for 
hogs  and  represents  a  limited  acreage,  producers  are  confronted 
with  the  problem  of  control  of  its  insect  enemies.  The  present 
studies  indicate  that  the  tubers,  which  are  the  all-important  part, 
of  the  crop,  are  not  subject  to  direct  insect  attack.  This  is 
very  fortunate,  for  there  would  seem  to  be  no  effective  control 
for  tuber-destroying  insects  except  such  as  might  be  effected 
by  the  prevailing  practice  of  allowing  hogs  to  harvest  the  crop. 

Since  the  chufa  is  grown  as  an  annual  crop,  it  appears  that 
all  the  insects  noted  in  this  paper  can  be  controlled  through  the 
destruction  of  crop  residues,  by  clean  cultivation,  and  by  dis- 
turbing the  soil  deeply  enough  to  destroy  the  crowns.  Where 
practicable,  all  the  tops  of  the  plants  should  be  destroyed  before 
midwinter.  It  is  suggested  that  the  grower  smooth  the  ground 
and  burn  whatever  chufa  material  the  hogs  have  left  on  the 
surface,  even  though  this  may  include  some  tubers. 

The  most  injurious  chufa  pests  so  far  recognized  are  weevils. 
The  habits  of  the  weevils  afford  almost  no  opportunity  for 
control  outside  of  cultural  practices.  In  the  case  of  the  bill- 
bugs  as  pests  of  corn  or  small  grains,  our  best  recommenda- 
tion is  the  elimination  of  the  preferred  host  plant  in  proximity 
to  the  corn  or  other  grain  fields.  As  chufa  is  the  preferred 
host  plant  of  several  of  these  insects,  control  recommendations 
are  restricted  to  clean  cultural  practices  not  incompatible  with 
the  hog-harvesting  method  of  handling  the  crop. 


Notes  Concerning  Eschatomoxys  wagneri  Blaisdell 
(Coleoptera:  Tenebrionidae). 

By  FRANK  E.   BLAISDELL,   Sr.,   Stanford  Medical   School  and 

Associate  in  Research,  California  Academy  of 

Sciences,  San  Francisco,  California. 

In  1935,  a  new  Triorophid  was  collected  in  Death  Valley, 
Inyo  County,  by  Roy  L.  Wagner,  of  Fresno,  California.  The 
unique  specimen  was  submitted  to  the  Author  for  determina- 
tion. It  was  recognized  as  an  unusual  species,  and  was  de- 
scribed in  the  Pan-Pacific  Entomologist  of  July,  1935,  as 
Eschatomoxys  ivagncri  Blais. 

It  was  learned  later  that  Mr.  P.  H.  Timberlake,  of  River- 


44  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

side,  California,  had  also  collected  a  specimen.  Dr.  E.  C. 
Van  Dyke  during  a  recent  visit  with  him.  obtained  the  follow- 
ing data:  "The  species  was  found  in  the  Painted  Canyon 
near  Mecca,  Imperial  County,  California,  April  18,  1925.  Air. 
Timberlake  is  confident  that  it  was  taken  from  beneath  a 
stone." 

In  April  of  the  present  year,  three  additional  specimens 
were  received  from  Glen  M.  Kohls,  Assistant  Entomologist  of 
the  Rocky  Mountain  Laboratory,  Hamilton,  Montana.  Mr. 
Kohls  has  very  kindly  supplied  the  following  data  concerning 
their  discovery  and  habitat,  also  with  permission  to  retain  them 
in  the  collection  of  the  Entomological  Laboratory  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences.  The  specimens  "were  taken  in 
a  mine  located  about  fifteen  miles  north-east  of  Yuma,  Ari- 
zona, in  California  on  the  road  out  of  Bard." 

"The  mine  is  operated  during  the  Winter  by  a  Mr.  Clapp. 
The  entrance  goes  down  at  an  angle  of  about  20  degress,  to  a 
depth  of  over  200  feet."  Mr.  Kohls  also  stated:  "At  the 
160  foot  level,  we  turned  off  into  a  drift  and  followed  it  about 
100  yards  or  so,  to  the  end  where  we  stopped  to  search  mainly 
for  bat  ticks  (Argasidae)  in  the  cracks  and  fissures  of  the 
rocks.  In  prying  off  the  loose  pieces  of  rock  from  the  walls 
and  top  of  the  tunnel,  several  of  the  beetles  were  found.  Only 
three  were  preserved,  but  several  more  could  have  been  col- 
lected, since  they  were  not  at  all  scarce.  The  psychrometric 
readings  were :  Wet  bulb  72,  dry  bulb,  giving  a  relative 
humidity  of  about  78,  without  corrections  for  elevation,  etc. 
Bats  were  present  and  there  were  a  few  small  deposits  of 
guano;  no  other  organic  material  was  noted." 

"Wre  were  working  near  the  end  of  drift  where  there  was 
no  timbering.  An  enclosed  photograph  gives  some  idea  of  the 
semi-desert  country  surrounding  the  mine." 

The   type   of    Escliatouw.rys   wagneri,   a   male,   measures   in 
length  9  mm.  and  4  mm.   in   width.     Those  secured  by   Mr. 
Kohl,  are  one  male  and  two  females,  the  larger  of  the  latter 
measures   11   mm.  in  length  and  5  mm.  in  width.     Only  four 
specimens  are  known ;  the  species  is  more  or  less  subterranean. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  45 

Misidentified  Genotypes. 

By  N.  D.  RILEY,  Dept.  of  Entomology,  British  Museum 
(Natural  History),  London. 

The  preparation  of  the  reports  on  the  Generic  Names  of 
British  Insects,  now  being  published  by  the  Royal  Entomolo- 
gical Society  of  London,  is  providing  an  interesting  test,  on  a 
fairly  large  scale,  of  the  efficiency  of  the  International  Rules 
of  Zoological  Nomenclature  in  their  present  form.  When 
it  is  considered  that  practically  all  the  really  knotty  problems 
in  entomological  nomenclature  are  the  unwitting  creation  of 
the  early  European  authors,  and  concern  the  European  genera, 
it  is  satisfactory  to  find  how  relatively  few  are  the  cases  in 
which  it  has  been  necessary,  in  order  to  avoid  "greater  con- 
fusion than  uniformity",  to  apply  for  suspension  of  the  Rules. 

As  an  official  of  the  British  Museum  (N.  H.),  in  which 
a  good  deal  of  the  work  on  these  lists  has  been  and  is  being- 
done,  and  in  other  capacities,  I  have  been  privileged  to  see 
in  MS.  most  of  the  reports  already  published,  and  to  have 
before  me  others  in  various  stages  of  completion.  And  it  is 
instructive  to  find  that  practically  the  onlv  constantly  recurring 

A  J  J  J  *~J 

difficulty  now  remaining  is  that  which  centres  around  the  fixa- 
tion of  genotypes  when  the  species  concerned  have  been  mis- 
identified  either  by  the  original  author  of  the  genus  or  by  an 
author  who  subsequently  designated  the  type  species. 

This  particular  difficulty  was  dealt  with  at  some  length  in 
Opinion  65,  but  so  inconclusively  as  to  have  left  the  whole 
matter  in  doubt  ever  since.  For  this,  the  unfortunate  phrase 
"it  is  to  be  assumed  that  his  determination  of  the  species  is 
correct"  is  largely  to  blame  since  some  authors  have  taken  this 
to  be  mandatory,  overlooking  the  necessary  implication  of  the 
phrase  to  the  effect  that  if  the  assumption  is  proved  incorrect 
the  whole  argument  falls  to  the  ground.  That  this  is  the  correct 
interpretation  of  the  phrase  is  clear  if  the  full  and  unanimous 
Opinions  published  up  to  that  time  (not  just  the  summaries) 
be  consulted.  Here,  notably  in  Opinions  19  and  46,  phrases 
such  as  "an  identification  is  to  be  accepted  as  correct  until 


46  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

shown  to  be  incorrect",  "an  author's  recognition"  of  a  species 
is  "assumed  to  be  correct  until  proved  incorrect"  occur  not 
once  but  many  times  over.  There  seem,  in  fact,  no  grounds 
for  maligning  the  Commission  by  the  suggestion  that,  by  thb 
phrase  in  Opinion  65,  they  had  any  intention  of  forcing- 
zoologists  to  accept  as  correct  identifications  which  are  dem- 
onstrably  false. 

Yet  to  the  writer,  and  to  his  colleagues,  this  argument  seems 
in  reality  quite  beside  the  point.  If  difficulty  and  doubt  have 
arisen  they  have  been  created  by  the  Commission  itself,  and  no- 
tably by  Opinion  65,  for  the  Rules  themselves  are  quite  un- 
equivocal. The  whole  matter  is  covered  by  Article  30,  which 
deals  with  the  designation  of  the  type  species  of  genera.  It  is 
implicit  in  this  article  that  the  types  of  genera  are  species,  and 
if  this  fundamental  fact  be  borne  constantly  in  mind,  there 
should  be  no  difficulty  whatever  in  arriving  at  the  correct  solu- 
tion. This  may  entail  more  labour  than  is  involved  in  the 
arbitrary  practice  of  accepting  alb  us  as  the  generic  type  of 
X-us,  without  reference  to  the  identity  of  either,  a  practice 
which,  though  it  may  be  sound  in  nomenclature,  may  equally 
well  be  very  unsound  taxonomy.  But  inasmuch  as  we  are  to 
assume  that  an  identification  is  correct,  unless  proved  incorrect, 
it  is  seldom  that  any  considerable  research  will  be  needed  since 
the  cases  involving  an  obviously  doubtful  identification  are 
relatively  few,  and  will  diminish. 

The  writer  will  be  very  grateful. for  expressions  of  opinion 
from  taxonomists  interested  in  this  question,  for  he  feels  that 
his  interpretation  of  Article  30  of  the  Rules  is  the  correct  one 
and  that  it  automatically  removes  a  serious  obstacle  to  nomen- 
clatural  progress.  He  also  believes  that  the  opposite  course, 
referred  to  above  as  an  arbitrary  practice,  yet  adopted  by  some 
writers,  will  be  found  on  ultimate  analysis  to  rest  on  no  more 
substantial  grounds  than  a  misunderstanding  of  the  Article 
or  their  own  convenience,  and  that  should  this  practice  be 
allowed  to  grow  it  cannot  fail,  because  of  its  inherent  falsity, 
to  bring  the  work  of  the  International  Commission  on  Zoolo- 
gical Nomenclature  into  disrepute. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NICWS  47 

Taxonomic   Notes   on  the    Genera    Ghelostoma  and 
Ashmeadiella  (Hymenoptera,  Megachilidae). 

By  CHARLES  D.   MICHENER,   University  of   California, 
Berkeley,  California. 

Since  but  four  species  of  the  genus  Chelostoma  are  known 
from  the  Western  Hemisphere,  all  occurring  along  the  Pacific 
Coast  of  the  United  States,  the  discovery  of  a  fifth  species  in 
northern  California  is  of  considerable  interest.  In  addition 
several  facts  affecting  the  nomenclature  and  known  distribution 
of  various  species  of  Ashmeadiella  have  come  to  light  since 
the  publication  of  a  revision  of  the  genus  (Michener,  1939, 
Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22:  1-84).  These  are  recorded  in  the 
following  pages. 
Chelostoma  tetramerum  n.  sp. 

This  is  a  moderate  sized,  slender,  black  species. 

$  :  Length  6.5  mm.  Pubescence  sparse,  whitish,  not  form- 
ing transverse  bands  on  abdominal  terga.  Punctation  of  body 
fine  and  rather  even,  that  of  mesoscutum  as  coarse  as  that  of 
vertex ;  horizontal  area  of  propodeum  finely  rugose,  shorter 
than  metanotum.  Proboscis  not  greatly  elongate,  glossa  as 
long  as  face;  first  segment  of  labial  palpi  about  one-third  as 
long  as  second ;  maxillary  palpi  four-segmented,  first  segment 
short  and  globular,  second  longest,  third  but  little  shorter  than 
second,  and  fourth  markedly  shorter  than  third.  Wings  dusky, 
veins  and  stigma  black;  second  abscissa  of  cubital  vein  shorter 
than  fourth.  Posterior  margins  of  abdominal  terga  one  to  six 
narrowly  brownish ;  seventh  tergum  ending  in  three  processes, 
the  median,  which  is  triangular  and  about  as  long  as  basal 
width,  directed  more  ventrally  than  the  incurved  laterals  which 
are  about  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  their  basal  widths ; 
seventh  tergum  with  large,  median,  dorsal,  longitudinally 
elongate  depression ;  second  sternum  with  transverse  elevated 
area;  parameres  pointed  but  not  attentuate  apically;  coxopo- 
dites  of  genitalia  slender  and  straight,  slightly  enlarged  api- 
cally, with  a  few  rather  long  hairs  near  apices. 

Holotypc  male  (Ent.  No.  5216,  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.)  :  Shingle- 
town,  Shasta  County,  CALIFORNIA,  May  23,  1941,  flying  over 
nearly  bare  ground  (C.  D.  Michener).  Paratype  (author's 
collection),  same  data  but  on  a  small,  yellow-flowered  species 
of  Mimnlus. 


48  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

This  species  resembles  C.  phaceliae  Michener  in  the  four- 
segmented  maxillary  palpi  but  differs  from  that  form  in  the 
much  shorter  proboscis,  proportions  of  the  segments  of  the 
labial  palpi,  absence  of  the  abdominal  hair  bands,  shorter  pro- 
cesses of  the  seventh  tergum  with  the  median  one  directed 
more  downward  than  the  lateral  ones,  more  enlarged  apices  of 
the  coxopodites  of  the  male  genitalia,  and  simple  rather  than 
attenuated  apices  of  the  parameres  similar  to  those  illustrated 
(Pan-Pac.  Ent.,  14:  36-45,  1938)  for  minutum.  This  species 
is  also  larger  than  most  specimens  of  phaceliae,  although  cer- 
tain individuals  of  that  species  from  Mt.  Diablo,  California, 
are  6.5  mm.  long.  In  its  large  size  tetramernm  approaches 
C.  californicum  Cresson,  differing  by  the  longer  processes  of 
the  seventh  abdominal  tergum,  the  absence  of  pubescent  fasciae 
on  the  terga,  the  relatively  straight  rather  than  downcurved 
parameres  and  coxopodites  of  the  male  genitalia,  and  the  four- 
segmented  maxillary  palpi.  From  C.  bernardininn  Michener, 
the  other  American  species  with  three  processes  on  the  seventh 
abdominal  tergum  of  the  male,  C.  tetramerum  may  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  shorter  processes  of  the  seventh  tergum,  the 
more  coarsely  punctate  mesoscutum,  and  the  four-segmented 
maxillary  palpi. 

ASHMEADIELLA. 

The  late  Grace  A.  Sandhouse  wrote  to  me  stating  that  the 
three  original  type  specimens  of  Ashmcadiella  cactorum 
(Cockerell)  are  in  the  National  Museum,  bearing  Cockerell's 
label,  "H.  cactorum  n.  sp.",  and  that  they  belong  to  the  form 
previously  regarded  as  A.  currici  Titus.  My  identification  of 
cactorum  was  based  upon  specimens  determined  by  Cockerell 
subsequent  to  the  time  the  species  was  described.  Unfortu- 
nately it  is  from  the  three  cotypes  that  a  lectotype  of  cactorum 
must  be  selected;  that  bearing  Cockerell's  number  3449  is  here 
designated  as  lectotype.  The  name  cactorum  therefore  re- 
places curriei,  and  for  the  species  which  I  have  previously 
regarded  as  cactorum  the  name  mcllloti  Cockerell  is  available. 
The  following  synonymies  indicate  the  nomenclatorial  changes 
resulting  from  the  correction  of  the  use  of  the  name  cactorum. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  49 

For  the  sake  of  brevity  only  the  key  citations  are  here  indicated; 
others  may  be  found  in  the  revisional  paper  already  referred  to. 

ASHMEADIELLA      ( AsHMEADIELLA)      MELILOTI      MELILOTI 

(Cockerell).  Hcriadcs  wcliloti  Cockerell,  1897,  Ann.  Mag. 
Nat.  Hist.,  (6)  20:  141,  $  9.  Ashmcadiella  mdiloti,  Cocker- 
ell, 1898,  Bull.  Denison  Univ.,  11:  64,  $.  Ashmeadiella  cac- 
torum  cactorum,  Michener  (misidentification),  1936,  Amer. 
Mus.  Nov.,  875:  8,  9  $  .  Ashmeadiella  {Ashmeadiella)  cac- 
torum cactorum,  Michener,  1939,  Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22:42, 
9  $. 

A.  (A.)  MELILOTI  ASTRAGALI  Michener.  Ashmeadiella 
(Ashmeadiella}  cactorum  astragali  Michener,  1939,  Amer. 
Midi.  Nat.,  22 :  44,  9  $  . 

A.    (A.)    MELILOTI   CRASSA   Cockerell.     Ashmcadiella  crassa 
Cockerell,    1924,    Proc.    Calif.    Acad.    Sci.,    (4)    12:    558,     9 
(part).     Ashmcadiella  (Ashmeadiella}  cactorum  crassa,  Mich- 
ener, 1939,  Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22 :  44,   $  . 

A.    (A.)    MELILOTI   ARIDULA    Cockerell.      Ashmeadiella  ari- 
dula  Cockerell,   1910,  Entom.,  43:  91,    $.     Ashmeadiella  cac- 
torum  aridula,    Michener,    1936,    Amer.    Mus.    Nov.,    875:    9, 
$  9  .     Ashmcadiella   (Ashmcadiella}   cactorum  aridula,   Mich- 
ener, 1939,  Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22 :  44,    95. 

A.  (A.)  CACTORUM  CACTORUM  Cockerell.  Hcriodes  cactorum 
Cockerell,  1897,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (6)  20:  140,  9- 
Ashmcadiella  cactorum,  Cockerell,  1898,  Bull.  Denison  Univ., 
11:  64,  9.  Ashmeadiella  curriei  Titus,  1904,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
Wash.,  6:  100,  9  (new  synonym).  Ashmeadiella  (Ashmea- 
diella} curriei  curriei,  Michener,  1939,  Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22: 
15,  95.  AsJimcadiclla  basalis  nigra  Michener,  1936,  Amer. 
Mus.  Nov.,  875:  7,  9  $  .  Hcriades  prosopidis  Cockerell,  1897, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (6)  20:  140,  $  ,  nee  9. 

A.  (A.)  CACTORUM  ECHINOCEREI  Cockerell.  Ashmeadiella 
echinocerci  Cockerell,  1911,  Can.  Ent.,  43:  132,  9.  Ashmea- 
diella (AsJimcadiclla}  curriei  cchinoccrei,  Michener,  1939, 
Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22:16,  9. 

A.  (A.)  CACTORUM  BASALIS  (Michener).  Ashmeadiella 
basalis  basalis  Michener,  1936,  Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  875:  6,  $  9  . 
Ashmeadiella  (Ashmeadiella}  curriei  basalis,  Michener,  1939, 
Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22:17,  95. 

Additional  localities  for  this  subspecies  are :  Santa  Rosa 
Mountain,  Riverside  County,  California.  6000  to  7500  feet 
elevation,  May  31,  June  8  and  16,  1940,  on  Lotus  davidsonii 
(C.  D.  Michener)  and  Westgard  Pass,  Inyo  County,  Cali- 


50  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

fornia,  May  26,  1937  (N.  W.  Frazier).  The  latter  specimens 
are  of  interest  since  they,  like  the  specimens  from  the  Clark 
Mountains  recorded  in  1939,  are  from  a  desert  mountain  range 
in  which  this  ordinarily  cismontane  subspecies  would  not  be 
expected. 

A.  (A.)  OCCIPITALIS  Michener.  This  species  was  collected 
ten  miles  south  of  Tucson,  Arizona,  August  7,  1940,  on  Verbe- 
sina  cxauriculata,  also  taken  at  several  localities  in  Cochise 
County,  Arizona,  on  the  same  flower  (C.  D.  Michener). 

ASHMEADIELLA  (AROGOCHiLA)  FoxiELLA  Michener.  Asli- 
meadiclla  (Arogochila}  foxiclla  Michener,  1939,  Amer.  Midi. 
Nat.,  22:  73,  $.  Ashnicadiclla  (Cliilosima)  washingtonensis 
Michener,  1939,  Amer.  Midi.  Nat.,  22:  80,  9.  (new  syno- 
nym ) . 

The  female  described  as  A.  u'asliingtonensis  was  placed  in 
the  subgenus  Chilosima  with  considerable  doubt,  but  its  rela- 
tionship with  a  male  Arogochila  was  not  suspected.  The  two 
sexes,  however,  were  collected  together  by  the  author  at  Hat 
Creek,  Shasta  County,  California,  on  June  4,  1941,  visiting 
the  slender  whitish  flowers  of  a  species  of  Pentstemon.  Al- 
though the  female  is  a  peculiar  form  not  closely  related  to  any 
other  species  and  possibly  worthy  of  separation  as  a  distinct 
subgenus,  the  similarity  of  the  male  to  that  of  Arogochila 
leads  to  the  belief  that  this  species,  like  A.  barberi  Michener, 
the  female  of  which  also  has  quadridentate  mandibles,  is  a 
derivative  of  Arogochila. 

In  the  key  to  the  females  of  Arogochila  this  species  runs  to 
2  and  is  separated  from  A.  sculleni  Michener  and  A.  barberi 
Michener  by  the  absence  of  the  lateral  lobes  of  the  clypeus. 
One  of  the  males  from  Hat  Creek,  unlike  other  specimens 
studied,  has  the  median  teeth  of  the  sixth  abdominal  tergum 
twice  as  long  as  broad. 

A.  (A.)  TIMBERLAKEI  TiMBERLAKEi  Michener.  This  form 
was  collected  on  Santa  Rosa  Mountain,  Riverside  County, 
California,  6000  to  7500  feet  elevation,  on  Lotus  davidsonii, 
May  31,  June  15  and  18,  1940  (C.  D.  Michener);  five  miles 
east  of  Burney,  Shasta  County,  California,  on  Phacclia,  June 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  51 

8,  1941  (C.  D.  Michener).  In  one  female  from  the  latter 
locality  the  median  lohe  of  the  clypeus  is  unusually  broad  and 
rounded  and  but  feebly  notched  at  the  apex. 

A.  (A.)  SALVIAE  Michener.  Although  previously  known  only 
from  southern  California,  a  specimen  of  A.  salviae  was  taken 
at  Mount  Diablo,  Contra  Costa  County.  California,  June,  1939. 

ASIIMEADIELLA        (C-HILOSIMA)         KIIODOGNATHA        Cockerell. 

Among  numerous  typical  individuals  of  this  species  from  El 
Mayor,  Lower  California,  Mexico,  April  3,  1940,  on  Prosopis 
chilensis  (C.  D.  Michener)  is  a  single  female  in  which  the 
legs  are  red  and  the  posterior  margins  of  the  abdominal  terga 
broadly  red.  This  may  indicate  that  A.  rhodognatha  is  a  black 
subspecies  of  the  Xew  Mexican  A.  holtii  Cockerell. 

ASHMEADIELLA      (  CUBITOGNATH  A )      XENOMASTAX     MicheilCf. 

Mr.  P.  H.  Timberlake  has  very  kindly  allowed  me  to  study  a 
male  and  female  of  this  species  which  he  collected  three  miles 
southwest  of  Yictorville.  California,  on  Dalca  sound ersii,  May 
12,  1939.  The  male  of  this  subgenus,  which  has  not  previously 
been  described,  runs  to  AshmeadicUa  s.  str.  and  Titusella  in  my 
key  to  subgenera.  and  differs  from  most  of  the  species  included 
in  those  groups  by  the  somewhat  eonarginate  apex  of  the  lab- 
rum.  The  male  is  described  as  follows : 

Length  6  mm.  Anterior  margins  of  eyes  divergent  below; 
face  densely  covered  with  white  pubescence  largely  obscuring 
surface ;  clypeus  finely  and  densely  punctate,  its  apical  margin 
with  broad,  shallow  emargination ;  f  rons  and  vertex  a  little 
more  coarsely  punctate  than  clypeus  but  densely  so ;  anterior 
ocellus  but  little  posterior  to  midpoint  between  antennal  bases 
and  posterior  margin  of  vertex ;  posterior  ocelli  separated  by  a 
distance  equal  to  that  to  nearest  eye  margin  and  hardly  less 
than  distance  to  posterior  edge  of  vertex ;  flagellum  reddish 
brown  beneath ;  mandibles  bidentate,  red  except  bases  and 
apices ;  labrum  elongate,  apex  with  broad,  shallow  emargina- 
tion. Punctures  of  scutum  and  scutellum  and  mesepisternum 
coarser  and  less  dense  than  those  of  vertex ;  all  tarsi  reddish ; 
posterior  legs  red  beyond  troehanters  except  for  black  posterior 
surfaces  of  tibiae.  Abdomen  red  except  for  black  basal  mid- 
dorsal  spots  on  terga.  spot  of  fourth  tergum  largest,  spots  of 
preceding  and  following  terga  diminishing  in  size;  sixth  tergum 
with  lateral  margins  slightly  sinuate,  lateral  teeth  not  broad, 
but  short  and  rounded  apically.  median  teeth  much  broader 
than  long,  irregularly  rounded  and  separated  by  an  emargina- 
tion much  broader  than  a  semicircle. 


52  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers    published    in    the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.  —  Altsheler,  B.  —  Natural  History  Index 
Guide.  Section  10.  Zoology.  1940.  249-265.  Anon.— Prof. 
S.  Kopec.  [31]  148:  655.'  Brodsky,  Nevsky,  Beliaeva  & 
Tcholpankulov. — Zoocenoses  of  the  high  mountain  Pamir. 
[Acta  Univ.  Asiae  Med.]  Ser.  8,  (Zool.)  fasc.  23:  21  pp. 
Brown,  F.  M. — A  gazetteer  of  entomological  stations  in 
Ecuador.  [7]  34:  809-851,  ill.  Callan,  E.  McC. -- Resis- 
tance of  plants  to  insect  attack.  [Jour.  Imp.  Coll.  Trop. 
Agric.]  18:  229-231.  Hamly,  D.  H— Color  systems.  [68] 
94-  586.  Mnt-h.  M.  H-— The  lr,.riCr.l  basis  of  the  species 
concept.  [Biol.  Symposia]  4:  223-293.  Hyslop,  J.  A. - 
Insects  and  the  weather.  [Climate  &  Man.]  1941  :  503-507. 
Mclntosh,  A.  -  -  The  designation  of  type  specimens  in 
describing  new  species.  [Suppl.  Jour.  Parasit.]  27:  11. 
Merrill,  M.  C. --The  publications  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  policies  covering  their 
dstribution.  1941.  23  pp.  Scott  &  Opydyke. — The  emerg- 
ence of  insects  from  Winona  Lake.  find.  Dept.  Conserv. 
Div.  Fish  &  Game]  2:  5-15.  ill. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.  —  Barton-Wright, 

E. — Flour  and  the  growth  of  Tribolium.  [31]  148:  565-566. 
Bodine,  J.  H.  and  T.  H.  Allen.-  -Enzymes  in  ontogenesis 
(Orthop.).  XX.  The  site  of  origin  and  distribution  of  pro- 
tyro  i:i:i  r  in  tin'  deve.lopiiiv'  ego-  of  the  i/rns^hopper. 
[42]  88:  343-352.  Enzymes  in  ontogenesis.  |<L>|  81:  3SS 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  53 

391,  ill.  Carlson,  L.  D. — Enzymes  in  ontogenesis  (Orth.) 
[92]  81:  375-387,  ill.  Gatenby,  J.  B.-  -The  neck  body  in 
normal  and  x-radiated  insect  spermatogenesis.  [Pro.  Ry. 
Irish  Acad.J  47:  149-159,  ill.  Gayden,  J.  H.— Studies  in  the 
embryology  of  Cylas  formicarius.  [La.  Acad.  Sci.]  5:  32. 
Gobeil,  A.  R. — La  diapause  chez  les  Tenthredes.  [Canadian 
JOur.  Res.]  19:  383-416.  Kalmus,  H.  -  -  The  resistance  to 
desiccation  of  Drosophila  mutants  affecting  body  colour. 
[Proc.  Royal  Soc.]  130  (B):  185-201.  Prebble,  M.  L.  - 
The  diapause  and  related  phenomena  in  Gilpinia  polytoma. 
[Canadian  Jour.  Res.]  19:  417-436;  437-454.  Ray,  C.  N.  - 
Extra  strong  heliotropic  effect  of  neon  lights.  [68]  94: 
585-586.  Yakhontov,  V. — Thysanoptera  found  in  the  pro- 
cess of  soil  investigation  of  middle  Asia.  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae 
IMed.l  Ser.  8,  (Zool.)  fasc.  49:  7  pp.  Yeager  &  Munson.- 
Histochemical  detection  of  glycogen  in  blood  cells  of  the 
southern  army  worm  ( Prodenia  eridania)  and  in  other 
tissues,  especially  mid  gut  epithelium.  [47]  63 :  257-294,  ill. 
(See  also  various  authors  under  Arachnida,  Hemiptera, 
Diptera  and  Coleoptera  below). 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.  —  Archer,  A.  F.  - 

Supplement  to  the  Argiopidae  of  Alabama.  [Ala.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.]  Mus.  Pap.  18:  47  pp..  ill.  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— On  a 
collection  of  Millipedes  and  Centipedes  from  northeastern 
Peru.  [Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  78:  473-535,  ill.  New 
genera  and  species  of  North  American  geophiloid  centipeds. 
[7 1  34:  773-790.  Doetschman,  W.  H.— The  occurrence  of 
mites  in  Pinnipeds,  including  a  new  species  from  the  Cali- 
fornia sea-lion,  Zalophus  californianus.  [Suppl.  Jour.  Para- 
sit.]  27:  23.  Jiles,  E.  C. — The  skeletal  musculature  of  the 
centipede.  [La.  Acad.  Sci.j  5:  33.  Lavers,  C.  H.,  Jr. — A  new 
species  of  Limnochares  from  North  America.  [Univ.  Wash. 
I'ubl.  Hiol.l  12:  6  pp..  ill.  Semans,  F.  M. -- Black  widow 
spider.  Distribution  in  Ohio.  [Ohio  J.  Sci.|  41  :  380'.  Stern- 
hold  &  Getzonok.  Influence  of  some  factors  upon  the  life- 
cycle  of  Boophilus  annulatus  calcaratus.  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae 
Mod.]  Ser.  8.  (Zool.)  fasc.  47:  12  pp.  Warren,  E.— On  the 
genital  system  and  modes  of  reproduction  of  certain  gamasid 
mites.  [Ann.  Natal  Mus.|  10:  95-126,  ill.  On  the  occurrence 
of  nematodes  in  the  haemocoel  of  certain  gamasid  mites. 
[Ann.  Natal  Mus.[  10:  79-94.  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.  —  Bickley, 

W.  E. --Records  of  Tennessee  Chrysopidae.   [10]  43:   1S7- 
189.     Cowley,  J. — A  ne\v  species  of  Protoneura  from   Peru 


54  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

and  a  review  of  the  group  of  Protoneura  tennis.  [36]  91 : 
145-173,  ill.  Crawford,  J.  C. --A  new  Taeniothrips  from 
Panama  [10J  43:  184-186,  ill.  Geijskes,  D.  C.-- Notes  on 
Odonata  of  Surinam.  [7]  34:  719-734,  ill.  Holdsworth, 
R.  P.,  Jr. -- Additional  information  and  a  correction  con- 
cerning the  growth  of  Pteronarcys  proteus.  [7]  34:  714- 
715,  ill.  Svihla,  R.  D.— A  list  of  the  fleas  of  Washington 
[Univ.  Wash.  Publ.  Biol.]  12:  11-19.  Walker,  E.  M.— The 
nymph  of  Somatochlora  walshii  [4]  73:  203-205,  ill.  Ward, 
J.  W. — The  occurrence  of  Heterodoxus  longitarsus  (  Mallo- 
phaga)  on  dogs  in  Mississippi.  [Suppl.  Jour.  Parasit.]  27: 
30.  Wheeler,  Douglas  &  Evans. — The  role  of  the  burrowing 
owl  and  the  sticktight  flea  in  the  spread  of  plague.  [68]  94: 
560-561.  Whitehouse,  F.  C. -- British  Columbia  dragon- 
flies  with  notes  on  distribution  and  habits.  [119]  26:  488- 
557,  ill.  Kennedy,  C.  H. — Perissolestes  paprzyckii,  a  new 
I'erilestine  dragonfly  from  Peru.  (Lestid.)  [7]  34:  852-854, 
i'l.  (See  also  Howe'il,  T.,  under  Diptera,  and  Austin  £ 
Richardson  under  Coleoptera). 

ORTHOPTERA.  —  Gurney,  A.  B.  -  -  Taxonomic  and 
bionomic  notes  on  the  grasshopper  Melanoplus  impudicus 
(Acridid.)  [119]  26:  558-569,  ill.  Moreau,  R.  E.  &  W:M.- 
Birds  eating  a  "Distasteful"  grasshopper.  [The  Ibis]  5:  615. 
Roberts,  H.  R. — A  comparative  study  of  the  subfamilies  of 
the  Acrididae  primarily  on  the  basis  of  their  phallic 
structures.  [Proc.  Acad."  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.]  93:  201-246.  ill. 
Semans,  F.  M.  -  -  Protozoan  parasites  of  the  Orthoptera, 
with  special  reference  to  those  of  Ohio.  [43]  41  :  457-464. 
White  &  Rock.  -  -  New  records  of  Acrididae  from  Alberta 
[4]  73:  216. 

HE;MIPTERA.— Caldwell,  J.  S.— A  preliminary  survey 
of  Mexican  Psyllidae.  [43]  41:  418-424.  (k).  de  Carlo, 
J.  A. — Descripcion  de  dos  especies  nuevas  del  genero  Lim- 
nocoris.  Nuevas  consideraciones  sobre  Cryphocricus 
daguerrei  y  Cryphocricus  rufus  de  Carlo.  (Naucorid.). 
[Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  11  :  37-41,  ill.  deLong,  D.  M.— 
Some  new  species  of  Mexican  Osbornellus  ( Cicadellid. ). 
[An.  Exc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2 :  263-270,  ill.  Drake  & 
Hambleton.  Two  new  Peruvian  Tingitidae.  [Iowa  State 
Coll.  Jour.  Sci.  |  16:  32<>-330.  Ferris,'  G.  F.  -  -  The  genus 
Aspidiotus  (  l)iasi)idid.).  |117|  f> :  33-(><>.  ill.  Knowlton  & 
Stains. -- (io.coris  alricolor  feeding.  |1(>|  36:  201-202. 
Mathis  &  Nicolle. -- Sur  le  cnmportement  des  Recluvides 
hematophages  Rhodnius  prolixus  et  Triatoma  infestans.  et 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

leur  aptidude  a  transmettre  la  maladie  de  Chagas.  [77] 
135:  28-30.  Nicolle  &  Mathis. — Le  thermotropisme,  facteur 
determinant  primordial  pour  la  piqure  des  Reduvides 
hematophages.  [77]  135:  25-27.  Rosewall,  O.  W.  -  -  The 
male  genital  segment  of  Pentatomidae.  [La.  Acad.  Sci.] 
5 :  33-34.  Russell,  L.  M. — A  classification  of  the  scale  insect 
genus  Asterolecanium.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Misc.  Publ. 
No.  424:  322  pp.,  ill.  Sampson  &  Drews. — A  review  of  the 
Aleyrodidae  of  Mexico.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.,  Mexico] 
2:  143-189,  ill.  (*k).  Smith,  C.  F.— The  genus  Drepanaphis 
Del  Guercio  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  [Jour.  E.  Mitchell 
Sci.  Soc.]  57:  226-242,  ill.  Usinger,  R.  L.— Rediscovery  of 
Emesaya  brevicoxa  and  its  occurrence  in  the  webs  of 
spiders  (Reduviicl.).  [19]  36:  206-208. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  —  Beall,  G. --The  monarch  butterfly, 
Danaus  archippus.  General  observations  in  southern 
Ontario.  [Canadian  Field  Nat.J  55:  123-129.  Bell  &  Corn- 
stock. — The  synonymy  of  Papilio  coridon,  Papilio  phocion 
and  others.  [6]  49:  371-374.  Brower,  A.  E. — A  new  species 
of  Metalectra  from  eastern  North  America.  (Phalaenid.). 
1 1  ]  67 :  271-274,  ill.  Clark,  A.  H.— Notes  on  some  North  and 
Middle  American  Danaid  butterflies.  [50]  90:  531-542,  ill. 
Clarke,  J.  F.  G. — The  North  American  moths  of  the  genus 
Arachnis,  with  one  new  species.  [50]  91 :  59-70,  ill.  Revi- 
sion of  the  North  American  moths  of  the  family  Oecopho- 
ridae,  with  descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species.  [50]  90: 
33-286,  ill.  Floyd,  E.  H. -- Investigations  on  the  biology 
and  control  of  the  alfalfa  caterpillar,  Colias  eurytheme. 
[La.  Acad.  Sci.]  5:  31-32.  Janse,  A.  J.  T. — Contribution  to 
the  study  of  the  Phycitinae.  [Jour.  Ent.  Soc.  So.  Africa] 
4:  134-166,  ill.  Johnson  &  Comstock. -- Anaea  of  the 
Antilles  and  their  continental  relationships  with  descriptions 
of  new  species,  subspecies  and  forms  (Nymphalid.).  [6] 
49:  301-342,  ill.  Lindsey,  A.  W. — A  new  form  of  Hesperia 
Colorado  [7]  34:  770-772.  Nevskij,  V. — On  the  causes  of 
fluctuations  in  population  density  of  the  codling  moth  (Cydia 
pomonella).  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae  Med.]  Ser.  8,  (Zool.)  fasc. 
37:  14  pp.  Simpson,  L.  R.  -  -The  buck  moth.  [Canadian 
Nature]  1942:3,  ill.  Wyatt,  A.  K. — Collecting  Heliothinae 
in  1940.  [19]  36:  203-205. 

DIPTERA. — Alexander,  C.  P. — Records  and  descriptions 
of  neotropical  crane-flies  (Tipulid.).  [6]  49:  345-356.  New 
Nearctic  crane-flies  (Tipulid.).  [4]  73:  206-213.  Barretto, 


56  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  Feb.,    '42 

M.  P.  --  Morfologia  dos  ovos,  das  larvas  e  das  pupas  do 
Phlebotomus  intermedius  e  neiva  1912  (Psychodidae).  [An. 
Fac.  Med.  Univ.  S.  Paulo]  16:  91-105,  ill.  Observacoes 
sobre  a  biologia  do  Phlebotomus  intermedius  e  neiva,  1912 
(Psychodid.)  em  condicoes  experimentais.  [An.  Fac.  Med. 
Univ.  S.  Paulo]  16:  143-157  pp.,  ill.  Correa,  M.  L.  -  -  La 
Ouetotaxia  de  la  larva  de  Anopheles  occidentalis.  [An.  Esc. 
Nac.  Cien.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2:  217-238,  ill.  Dampf,  A.  - 
Mochlostyrax  trifidus  nuevo  miembro  de  la  fauna  Culicido- 
logica  Mexicana.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2: 
251-257,  ill.  Dobzhansky  &  Spassky. — Intersexes  in  Droso- 
phila  pseudoobscura.  [119]  26:  556-562,  ill.  Gordon  & 
Sang.  -  -  The  relation  between  nutrition  and  exhibition  of 
of  the  gene  Antennaless  (Drosophila  melanogaster).  [Proc. 
Royal  Soc.]  130  (B)  :  151-184,  ill.  Greene,  C.  T.— A  remark- 
able new  species  of  the  genus  Pseudacteon  (Phorid.).  [10] 
43:  183-184,  ill.  Two  new  species  of  cecidomyiid  flies  from 
Phlox.  [50]  90:  547-551,  ill.  Howell,  T.— Notes  on  Ephe- 
meroptera  and  aquatic  Diptera  of  western  North  Carolina. 
[Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.]  57:  306-317.  Hull,  F.  M. - 
Some  new  species  of  the  genus  Baccha  from  the  New  World. 
[10]  43:  181-183.  New  American  syrphid  flies.  [40]  No. 
1151:  3  pp.  James,  M.  T. --New  species  and  records  of 
Mexican  Stratiomyidae.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.,  Mexico] 
2:  241-249.  Johannsen,  O.  A. -- Occurrence  of  Orbellia 
hiemalis  in  Maine.  [19]  36:  202.  Khodukin  &  Sternhold.- 
On  the  resistance  to  cold  of  some  Anopheles.  [Acta  Univ. 
Asiae  Med.]  Ser.  8,  (Zool.)  fasc.  45:  11  pp.,  ill.  Komp, 
W.  H.  W. — The  species  of  Nyssorhynchus  confused  under 
Tarsimaculatus  goeldi.  and  a  new  name,  A.  emilianus,  for 
one  species  found  in  Para,  Brazil  (Culicidae).  [7]  34: 
791-807,  ill.  Philip,  C.  B. — Notes  on  three  western  genera 
of  flies  (Tabanid.).  [19]  36:  185-199.  (*k).  Renn,  C.  E.- 
The  food  economy  of  Anopheles  quadrimaculatus  and  A. 
crucians  larvae :  relationships  of  the  air-water  interface 
and  the  surface-feeding  mechanism.  [Symposium  on  Hyclro- 
biol.]  1941:  329-342,  ill.  Rowe,  J.  A— Preliminary  report 
on  Iowa  mosquitoes.  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.j  16:  211- 
225.  Sabin  &  Ward.  -  -  Flies  as  carriers  of  poliomyelitis 
virus  in  urban  epidemics  [68]  94:  590-591.  Sabrosky,  C.  W. 
—An  annotated  list  of  genotypes  of  the  Chloropidae  of  the 
World  [7]  34:  735-765. 

COLEOPTERA. — Austin  &  Richardson. — Ability  of  the 
firebrat    to    damage    fabrics    and    paper.    [6]    49:    357-365. 


Hii,    '42J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  57 

Blake,  D.  H. — New  species  of  Chaetocnema  and  other  Chry- 
somelicls  from  the  West  Indies.  [10]  43:  171-180,  ill. 
Chisholm,  J.  J. — Combating  the  Japanese  beetle.  [Fauna] 
3:  122-123,  ill.  Elliott,  D.  C.— The  biology  of  the  cotton- 
wood  leaf  beetle  Lina  scripta.  [La.  Acad.  Sci.J  5:  31. 
Halilova,  R. --On  the  conditions  resulting  of  poisoning 
Tribolium  confusum.  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae  Med.J  Ser.  8, 
(Zool.)  fasc.  44:  14  pp.  Howard,  N.  F. -- Feeding  of  the 
Mexican  bean  beetle  larva.  [7]  34:  766-769,  ill.  Khabirova, 
M. --Some  data  concerning  the  bioecology  of  Sitophilus 
granarius.  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae  Med.]  Ser.  8,  (Zool.)  fasc. 
43:  14  pp.  Knull,  J.  N. — New  Coleoptera.  (Buprestid.  & 
Cerambycid.).  [7]  34:  691-695,  ill.  Nine  new  Coleoptera 
(Plastoceridae,  Buprestidae  &  Cerambycidae).  [Ohio  J. 
Sci.J  41:  381-388,  ill.  Leech,  H.  B.  -  -  The  generic  name 
Thermonectus  (Dytiscid.).  [4]  73:  197.  Leonova,  N.  - 
Influence  of  external  factors  on  the  intestine  fauna  of  Tri- 
bolium confusum.  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae  Med.]  Ser.  8,  (Zool.) 
fasc.  34:  12  pp.  Luginbill  &  Painter. — A  new  species  of 
Phyllophaga.  [7]  34:  716-717,  ill.  MacLeod,  G.  F.— X-ray 
studies  of  starving  mealworm  larvae.  [7]  34:  696-701,  ill. 
Malkin,  B. — An  addition  to  the  New  York  State  List  of 
Coleoptera  No.  5.  Long  Island  records.  [19]  36:  209-212. 
Pieltain,  C.  B. — Estudio  de  la  larva  del  Paratrechus  (Hygro- 
duvulius  sylvaticus.)  [121]  2:  208-209.  Saakian,  A.  - 
Influence  of  temperature  and  carbon  dioxide  on  the  respira- 
tion intensity  of  Tribolium  confusum.  [Acta  Univ.  Asiae 
Med.]  Ser.  8,  (Zool.)  fasc.  38:  15  pp.  Ward,  I.  J.— The  bean 
weevil,  Acanthoscelides  obtectus  in  stored  white  beans. 
[4]  73:  216. 

HYMENOPTERA.  — Balch,  Reeks  &  Smith. -- Separa- 
tion of  the  European  spruce  sawfly  in  America  from  Gil- 
pinia  polytoma  (Diprionid.)  and  evidence  of  its  introduction. 
[4]  73:  198-203.  Bequaert,  J. — Gymnopolybia  cayennensis 
introduced  with  bananas  in  Texas.  A  correction  [19]  36: 
205.  Chamberlin,  T.  R. — The  wheat  jointworm  in  Oregon, 
with  special  reference  to  its  dispersion,  injury,  and  para- 
sitization.  [  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Tech.  Bull.  No.  784:  47  pp., 
ill.  Gaul,  A.  T.  -  -  Experiments  on  the  taste  sensitivity  of 
Dolichovespula  arenaria  (Vespid.).  [6]  49:  367-369. 
Gemignani,  E.  V.  -  -  Una  nueva  especie  del  genero  Try- 
poxilon.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  11:  42-44,  ill.  Kloet, 
G.  S. — A  new  observation  nest  for  wood  boring  Aculeates. 
[8]  77:  241-244,  ill.  Lafleur,  L.  J.— Tolerance  in  Ants.  [90] 


58  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb..  '42 

76:  85-93.  The  founding-  Of  Ant  colonies.  [92]  81 :  392-401. 
Lanham,  U.  N.  -  -  Bees  of  the  genus  Andrena  of  Boulder, 
Colorado.  [7]  34:  702-713.  (k).  Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W.--A 
new  ant  parasite  (Bracon)  |  19]  36:  200-2U1.  Smith,  M.  R. 
— Two  new  species  of  Aphaenogaster  (Formicid.).  [Gt. 
Basin  Naturalist].  2 :  118-121.  Walley,  G.  S.— On  the  genus 
Petalodes,  with  descriptions  of  two  new  North  American 
species  (Braconid.).  [4]  73:  213-215. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Comity  of  Spiders.  By  W.  S. 
Bristowe.  Volume  2.  1941.  229-560  pp.,  ill.  London.  Index 
to  Farmers'  Bulletins.  Nos.  1501-1750.  By  M.  H.  Doyle. 
1941.  135  pp.  Index  to  Technical  Bulletins.  Nos.  501-750 
By  M.  H.  Doyle.  1941.  169  pp.  Microbe's  Challenge.  By  F. 
Eberson.  The  Jaques  Cattell  Press,  Lancaster,  Pennsylva- 
nia. 1941.  pp.  VIII,  354.  The  role  of  insects  in  epidemics, 
plague,  tularemia  and  virus  diseases  is  discussed.  Natural 
History  and  the  American  Mind.  By  W.  M.  &  M.  S.  C. 
Smallwood.  Columbia  University  Press,  New  York.  1941. 
pp.  xiii,  445,  ill.  A  brief  section  on  "Entomology"  in 
chapter  XII,  "The  passing  of  the  naturalist,"  deals  with 
William  Dandridge  Peck,  Thomas  Say  and  Thaddeus 
William  Harris,  whose  chief  publications  are  listed  in  the 
bibliography  near  the  end  of  the  book.  New  or  Little- 
known  Tipulidae  from  eastern  Asia.  By  C.  P.  Alexander. 
[Philippine  Jour.  Sci.]  76:  27-66,  ill.  (Reference  made  to 
some  new  North  American  species). 


Colorado   Lepidoptera    Records    (Pieridae,    Noctuidae) 

In  1936  I  reported  in  this  journal  the  occurrence  of  the  South 
and  Central  American  pierid,  Gonc[>tcr\.\-  clorlndc  (Godart), 
in  Colorado.  Another  specimen  has  come  to  my  attention  but, 
in  contrast  to  the  frayed  and  rubbed  condition  of  the  other, 
collected  in  perfect  condition.  The  specimen,  a  male,  was  col- 
lected by  Howard  Rollin  a  few  miles  north  of  \Yeldona,  Colo- 
rado, about  September  1,  1929,  while  feeding  on  Sultana. 

A  very  badly  frayed  and  rubbed  specimen  of  the  large  noc- 
tuid  moth,  Thysania  zenobia  Cramer,  was  taken  in  Boulder, 
flying  about  theater  lights  on  September  9-  1941.  This  is  an- 
other neotropical  species  which  occasionally  strays  far  from  its 
usual  range,  and  has  been  found  as  far  north  as  Maine. — HUGO 
G.  RODECK,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder,  Colo- 
rado. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  59 

OBITUARY 

Dr.  JAMES  ALLEN  NELSON  was  horn  in  Urbana,  Ohio,  April 
29,  1875,  and  died  at  Gambier,  Ohio,  August  9,  1941.  He 
attended  Kenyon  College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1898  with  the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  He  then  attended  the  graduate 
school  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  from  which  institution 

,/  j 

he  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  in  1903,  serving  part  of  the 
time  there  as  an  assistant  in  Zoology.  His  thesis  at  Pennsyl- 
vania was  on  the  cell  lineage  of  a  species  of  Dinophilus  and 
later  he  described  this  species  and  named  it  conklhn.  after  Pro- 
fessor E.  G.  Conklin  under  whom  his  thesis  had  been  prepared. 
This  was  in  the  days  when  cell  lineage  was  the  biological  style, 
and  this  paper  served  to  place  Dinophilns,  which  had  been  a 
matter  of  zoological  dispute. 

After  receiving  his  degree,  Nelson  felt  the  need  of  more  work 
on  insects  and  spiders,  so  he  accepted  an  honorary  fellowship 
at  Cornell  University  where  he  worked  under  the  direction  of 
Professor  J.  H.  Comstock,  especially  on  the  palpi  of  male 
spiders.  He  remained  at  Cornell  for  four  years. 

His  detailed  methods  of  investigation  seemed  especially  to 
fit  him  for  some  work  then  needed  in  the  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
so  in  1908  he  was  appointed  to  the  bee  culture  office  of  that 
Bureau  to  investigate  the  embryology  of  the  honeybee.  The 
results  of  this  excellent  piece  of  work  are  published  in  book 
form  by  the  Princeton  Press.1.  Later  he  described  the  anatomy 
of  the  larval  honeybee2  and  either  alone  or  in  cooperation  with 

others  in  the  same  office  he  investigated  certain  larval  growth 
curves  of  scientific  and  practical  value. 3 

'  The  Embryology  of  the  Honey  Bee.  Princeton,  October,  1915.  Pp. 
vi,  282,  95  text  figs.  Reviewed  in  the  NEWS  for  Jan.,  1916,  vol.  27:  41-43. 

-  Morphology  of  the  Honey  Bee  Larva.  Journ.  Agric-  Research,  28 
(12):  1167-1213.  8  pis.  1924. 

3  Nelson,  J.  A.,  Sturtevant,  A.  P.  and  Linehurg,  B.  Growth  and  Feed- 
ing of  Honey  Bee  Larvae.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  Bull.  No.  1222.  37  pp. 
figs.  1924. 


60  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '42 

After  ten  years  of  service  in  the  Bureau  he  resigned  and  went 
to  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio,  to  live.  This  relatively  early  retirement  was 
brought  about  by  poor  health  and  the  sad  death  of  his  only  son.  In 
Mt.  Vernon  he  took  keen  interest  in  his  garden  which  became  a 
veritable  show  place,  and  he  also  renewed  his  earlier  interest  in 
music  and  became  a  highly  skilled  pianist.  He  did  not  again 
undertake  any  biological  inquiries. 

.After  a  few  years  of  residence  in  Mt.  Yernon,  Xelson  moved 
to  his  old  college  community  at  Gambier  where  he  spent  his  re- 
maining years,  a  respected  and  useful  member  of  the  commun- 
ity, active  in  civic  and  church  affairs  and  much  interested  in 
everything  pertaining  to  the  college  for  which  he  had  such  an 
affection.  His  death  is  a  loss  to  his  friends  who  have  known 
him  for  so  many  years  and  must  be  an  even  keener  loss  to  those 
with  whom  he  had  closer  associations  in  later  years.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife  and  a  married  daughter. 

Nelson  was  a  member  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.,  the  American  So- 
ciety of  Zoologists,  the  American  Association  of  Economic 
Entomologists,  and  Entomological  Society  of  America  and  the 
Ohio  Academy  of  Sciences,  in  all  of  which  he  took  interest, 
even  though  in  recent  years  he  had  not  been  able  to  attend 
meetings  with  regularity. — E.  F.  PHILLIPS. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Hugh  B.  Leech  for  the  announce- 
ment of  the  deaths  of  Mr.  RALPH  HOPPING,  veteran  Coleop- 
terist  of  the  western  United  States  and  Canada,  at  8  A.  M., 
Wednesday,  October  29,  1941.  at  his  home  in  Vernon,  British 
Columbia,  and  of  Mr.  F.  C.  HENNESSEY,  artist  for  the  Ento- 
mological Branch  of  the  Canadian  Department  of  Agriculture 
at  Ottawa,  on  November  8,  1941.  Ralph  Hopping  was  born 
in  New  York  City,  April  8,  1868,  but  spent  much  of  his  life 
in  the  Sierras  of  California  with  the  United  States  Forest 
Service  (1907-1919).  He  went  to  British  Columbia  in  De- 
cember, 1919,  to  take  charge  of  the  Dominion  Forest  Insect 
Laboratory.  His  large  collection,  chiefly  of  Coleoptera,  we 
believe,  goes  to  his  son,  George  R.  Hopping,  and  eventually  to 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  at  San  Francisco. 

Science  for  January  16,  1942,  quoting  Nature,  records  the 
death  of  Dr.  H.  ELTRINGHAM,  president  of  the  Royal  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  London  in  1931-32,  on  November  2u.  at  lin- 
age of  68  years.  He  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  2nd  In- 
ternational Congress  of  Entomology  held  at  <  )xford,  England, 
in  August,  1912. 


This    column    is    intended    only    for    wants    and    exchanges,    not    for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 
not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in  I  are  discontinued. 


.Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 

University,   Princeton,   New  Jersey. 

Malacodermata  (except  Lycidae  and  Cleridae)  of  the  world.  Will 
determine  and  purchase.  Also  exchange  against  Col.  or  all  other 
insects  from  Bolivia.  Walter  Wittmer,  Correio  1043,  Buenos  Aires, 
Rep.  Argentina. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  hear  from  collectors  who  desire  extra  good  cocoons 
of  Michigan  Platysamia  Columbia,  that  will  emerge  June,  1941.  W. 
S.  McAlpine,  575  Townsend  St.,  Birmngham,  Alichigan. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  manticls.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOB    SALE    BY 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1085. — Robinson  (M.). — Studies  in  the  Scarabaeidae  of  N.  Am. 

II.   (68:  127-136,  ill.,  1941) 20 

DIPTERA 

1092. — Fisher  (E.  G.). — Distributional  notes  and  keys  to  Amer- 
ican Ditomyiinae,  Diadocidiinae,  and  Ceroplatinae,  with 
descr.  of  n.  sps.  (Mycetophilidae).  (67:  275-301,  2  pis., 
1941)  60 

1087.— Richards  (A.  G.  Jr.). — Differentiation  between  toxic  and 
suffocating  effects  of  petroleum  oils  on  larvae  of  the 
house  mosquito  (Cules  pipiens).  (67:  161-196,  5  pis., 
1941)  85 

M-10 — Huckett  (H.  C.)- — A  revision  of  the  N.  Am.  sps.  belong- 
ing to  the  gen.  Pegomyia  (Muscidae).  (Mem.  10,  131 
pp.,  9  pis.,  1941)  .  3.00 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1091. — Brower  (A.  E.). — A  new  sp.  of  Metalectra  from  eastern 

N.  Am.   (Phalaenidae).   (67:  271-274,  ill.,  1941) .15 

NEUROPTERA 

1084. — Ross    (H.    H.). — Descriptions    and    records    of    N.    Am. 

Trichoptera.  (67:  35-126,  13  pis.,  1941).  .   2.00 

ODONATA 

1089. — Needham  (J.  G.). — Life  history  studies  on  Progomphus 
and  its  nearest  allies  (Aeschnidae).  (67:  221-245,  ill., 
1  pi.,  1941)  .50 

ORTHOPTERA 

1088. — Hebard  (M.). — The  group  Pterophyllae  as  found  in  the 

U.  S.  (Tettigoniidae).  (67:  197-219,  2  pis.,  1941) 50 

1086. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — On  new  and  previously  known  sps. 

of  Pneumoridae  (Acridoidea).  (67:  137-159,  ill.,  1941)..  .45 

1090. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — Notes  on  and  records  and  descr.  of 
Oriental  bird-locusts  (Acrididae).  (67:  247-270,  2  pis., 
1941)  55 

1083. — Roberts  (H.  R.).— Nomenclature  in  the  Orthoptera  con- 
cerning genotype  designations.  (67:  1-34,  1941) 65 

1093. — Uvarov  (B.  P.). — New  and  less  known  southern  Pala- 

earctic  Orthoptera.  (67:  303-361,  5  pis.,  1942), 1.25 


• 

Subscriptions  for  1942  are  now  due   c 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


MARCH,  1942     °iv. 

U.S.  NATL. 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
1900  Race  Street 


Vol.  LIII  No.  3 



CONTENTS 

Beard — A  Note  on  Lagochirus   araneiformis  L.   (Coleop.:  Cerambyci- 

dae) 61 

Franclemont — Notes  on  Some  Cucullinae  (Phalaenidae,  Lepidoptera) 

II  ... 63 

Gorgas  Memorial  Laboratory — Aquatic    Plants  and  Mosquito    Larvae.         66 
McClure — Spring  Aphid  Aero-Plankton   (Homoptera) .    .......          67 

Johannsen — Immature  and  Adult  Stages  of  New  Species  of  Chiiono- 

midae  (Diptera) 70 

Johannsen — Ceratopogon  albarius  Coquillett  and  Related  Species 

(Diptera:  Ceratopogonidae) 76 

Cresson — Description  of  two  new  Nearctic  Species  of  the  genus  Hy- 

drellia  reared  from  Pond-weed  (Diptera:  Ephydridae) 78 

Rau — The  Terms  Instinct  and  Intelligence  as  Used  in  Discussions  of 

insect  Behavior 79 

Brown — Appius  ilaire  ilaire  Godart  in  Colorado  (Lepid.:  Pieridae)  .  82 
White — Notes  on  Johnson's  South  Dakota  Chrysomelid  Paper  (Coleo- 

ptera).  .  83 

Steyskal — A  New  Species  of  Phyllomyza  from  Virginia  (Dipteral 

Milichidae) 84 

Current  Entomological  Literature 86 


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ENT.  NHWS  VOL.  LIU. 


Plate  II. 


>, 


LAGOCHIRUS  ARANEIFORMIS-BEARD. 

PHOTOGRAPH,     SUBMITTED    BY   DR.     WHITNEY,   SHOWING   EXIT    HOLES 
OF  THIS  CERAMBYCID  BEETLE. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  MARCH,  1942  No  3 

A    Note    on    Lagochirus   araneiformis   L.    (Coleop. : 

Cerambycidae). 

By  RAIMON  L.  BEARD,  Connecticut  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 

(Plate  II.) 

A  communication  addressed  to  the  Yale  Forestry  School,  and 
referred  to  the  Entomology  Department  of  the  Connecticut 
Experiment  Station,  aroused  the  interest  of  several  entomolo- 
gists. 

The  letter,  from  Dr.  Willis  Whitney,  of  Schenectady  under 
date  of  March  23,  1941,  reported  the  rinding  at  Nassau,  British 
West  Indies,  of  numerous  circular  cavities  under  the  bark  of 
Eursera  siniiruba.  The  cavities,  found  only  in  dead  or  dying 
wood,  were  approximately  two  inches  in  diameter  and  covered 
in  many  cases  with  the  bark  which  remained  attached  by  a  thin 
edge  in  the  manner  of  a  "trap  door".  Leading  into  the  wood 
from  the  large  cavity  was  a  tunnel  of  much  smaller  diameter. 
A  native  of  the  islands  related  to  Dr.  Whitney  that  a  "small 
black  bee"  cut  out  the  flap  with  its  "nose".  The  "bee"  then 
went  behind  the  "trap  door"  to  deposit  an  egg,  after  which  it 
left  to  return  only  to  release  its  offspring  when  the  latter  ma- 
tured. Dr.  Whitney  questioned  the  story,  but  could  find  no 
information  about  it. 

The  present  writer  could  find  no  reference  to  this  type  of 
insect  habitat  in  the  literature  nor  any  information  from  corre- 
spondence with  some  other  workers.  The  nature  of  the  "trap 
door"  did  not  suggest  the  work  of  a  carpenter  bee  as  the  story 
of  the  native  of  the  Bahamas  would  imply.  Nor  was  it  the  work 
of  a  trap-door  spider,  which  might  have  taken  advantage  of  a 
pre-existing  cavity  in  the  wood — a  fact  verified  by  Dr.  Petrunke- 

61 
MAR  2  3 


62  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

vitch,  of  Yale  University.  Rather,  the  bark  covering  of  the 
cavity,  by  its  bevelled  shape,  showed  that  it  had  been  chewed 
from  the  inside  out,  as  would  be  done  by  an  emerging  insect,  and 
not  from  the  outside  in,  as  would  be  done  by  one  seeking  to 
oviposit.  A  cerambycid  beetle  would  be  the  most  likely  suspect. 

Correspondence  with  Dr.  George  N.  Wolcott  elicited  the  cor- 
rect answer.  Dr.  Wolcott  first  reported  that  B.  siininthu,  or 
almacigo  as  it  is  called  in  Puerto  Rico,  quite  commonly  shows 
the  type  of  injury  described  by  Dr.  Whitney,  but  that  he  had  seen 
only  material  too  old  to  contain  the  insect  responsible.  He  later 
found  fresher  material  containing  larvae  and  pupae  in  the  wood 
several  inches  beneath  the  bark.  He  was  able  to  rear  these 
through  and  identify  the  adult  as  a  cerambycid,  Lagochirus 
araneiformis  L.  Dr.  Wolcott  suggested  that  the  callow  adult 
made  the  large  cavity  just  under  the  bark  in  which  it  rested 
until  its  wings  hardened. 

Leng  (1920)  gave  the  distribution  of  this  species  of  ceram- 
bycid as  South  America,  West  Indies  and  Florida.  Bates  (1879- 
1886)  included  Mexico,  British  Honduras,  Guatemala,  Nicara- 
gua, Costa  Rica,  West  Indies,  South  America,  Tahiti,  and  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  Dr.  Wolcott  mentioned  that  L.  arancifonnls 
is  not  specific  as  to  host,  he  having  reared  it  from  mahogany  as 
well  as  from  the  almacigo.  Smith  (1921)  and  Wilson  (1923) 
have  reported  this  insect  attacking  sugar-cane,  and  Craighead 
(1923)  mentioned  Ficus  as  a  host. 

REFERENCES. 

BATES,  H.  W.  .1879-1886.  Biologia  Centrali-American.  In- 
secta.  Coleoptera,  Vol.  V.  Longicornia. 

CRAIGHEAD,  F.  C.  1923.  North  American  Cerambycid 
Larvae.  Canadian  Department  of  Agriculture,  Tech.  Bull.  27. 

LENG,  C.  W.  1920.  Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  of  America, 
North  of  Mexico,  p.  282. 

SMITH,  L.  1921.  Virgin  Islands  Agricultural  Exn.  Sta. 
Bull.  2:  22. 

WILSON,  C.  E.  1923.  Virgin  Islands  Agr.  Exn.  Sta.  Re- 
port, 1922:  16. 

Since  this  article  was  submitted,  a  complete  and  delightfully  written 
story  of  this  insect  appeared  under  title  of  "Isn't  Research  '  Fun"  by 
Willis  R.  Whitney,  in  The  Caribbean  Forester,  3:  47-57,  1942. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  63 

Notes  on  Some   Cucullinae  (Phalaenidae,   Lepidop- 

tera)  II. 

On     the     Identity     of     Lithophane     ferrealis     Grote     and 

Xylina  innominata  Smith,  with  Descriptions  of  Some 

New  Forms  of  the  Genus  Lithophane   Hiibner. 

By  J.  G.  FRANCLEMONT,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

(Continued  from  page  35.) 

LITHOPHANE  INNOMINATA  Smith  (PI.  I,  fig.  14).  Litho- 
phane signosa  Grote,  6th,  Ann.  Kept.  Peab.  Acad.  Sc.  33, 
1874  [misidentification,  not  signosa  Walker,  1857]. 

Xylina  innominata  Smith,  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  xliv  (Cat. 
Noct.),  227,  (nom.  nov.  for  signosa  Grt.  nee  Wlk.)  1883  [not 
innominata  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvii,  20,  pi.  Ill, 
figs.  8  &9,  1900]. 

This  species  has  been  generally  misdetermined  in  collections ; 
it  actually  is  a  rare  form  colored  like  ferrealis. 

When  Smith  proposed  this  name  for  signosa  Grote  [nee 
Walker],  he  said,  "The  new  name  is  intended  to  apply  to  that 
species  identified  and  labeled  as  signosa  by  Mr.  Grote  and  has  no 
type  specimen."  In  the  last  part  of  his  statement  he  is  .decidedly 
in  error,  as  the  type  of  the  name  innominata  was  the  specimen 
Grote  had  before  him  when  he  drew  up  his  description  of  the 
species  he  considered  signosa.  Grote's  description  is  here  re- 
produced, so  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  what  that  author  had 
before  him. 

"Lithophane  signosa.  Xylina  signosa  Walker,  p.  627.  $-. 
Base  of  the  forewing  and  costal  region  broadly  ashen,  with  an 
ochreous  tinge.  The  wing  is  else  ferruginous,  and  the  ordinary 
spots  are  pale,  and  lie  on  the  cell  surrounded  by  the  darker 
ground  color.  The  orbicular  is  oblique,  rounded,  moderate ; 
the  erniform  upright;  the  spots  are  not  distinctly  annulated. 
The  veins  are  dotted  and  black-marked  beyond  the  t.  p.  line. 
The  ordinary  lines  are  lost  and  merely  marked  against  the 
costal  region  by  ferruginous  streaks  as  in  ferrealis.  The  clavi- 
form  is  indicated  by  a  pale  diffuse  shade,  and  a  broad  diffuse 
blackish  shade  streak  unites  it  with  the  transverse  posterior  line. 
The  subterminal  line  is  pale,  more  even,  less  strongly  dentate 
than  in  ferrealis,  preceded  by  the  usual  ferruginous  marks,  the 
narrow  terminal  space  is  almost  entirely  blackish,  caused  by 


64  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

diffuse  black  streaks  accompanying  the  veins,  and  there  is  a 
double  row  of  terminal  dots,  more  distinct  than  in  fcrrealis. 
The  fringes  are  more  straightly  cut  with  pale  than  its  near 
ally.  Hind  wings  fuscous  with  ochrey  tinted  fringes.  Ab- 
domen flattened,  with  exceedingly  slight  dorsal  tufts.  Expanse 
40mm.  Quebec  (F.  X.  Belanger)." 

Mr.  W.  H.  T.  Tarns  very  kindly  furnished  me  with  a  photo- 
graph of  the  type  of  this  species. 

LITHOPHANE  INNOMINATA  form  illecebra  form.  nov.  (PI.  I, 
fig.  15). 

Xylina  innominata  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvii,  20 
pi.  Ill,  figs.  8  &  9,  1900  [not  innominata  Smith,  Bull.  U.  S.  N. 
M.,  xliv  (Cat.  Noct.),  227,  1883]. 

Head  and  thorax  olive  rufous ;  fore  wing  russet  olivaceous 
to  ochre  buff;  the  basal  line  obsolescent;  the  antemedial  line 
represented  by  a  double  series  of  black  dots  on  the  veins ;  the 
postmedial  line,  as  the  antemedial,  represented  by  a  series  of 
dots;  both  lines  obsolescent  except  for  the  aforementioned 
black  dots ;  the  median  shade  reddish  russet  to  olive,  diffuse, 
present  on  the  outer  as  well  as  the  inner  side  of  the  reniform; 
subterminal  line  an  irregular  light  shade,  edged  on  its  inner 
side  by  russet  or  olive ;  the  terminal  line  a  series  of  small  black 
lunules ;  the  fringe  concolorous  with  the  general  tone  of  the 
wing,  but  with  an  irregular  dark  line  through  its  center  and 
parallel  to  the  termen ;  the  orbicular  vague,  elliptical  and 
oblique,  edged  on  its  inner  side  by  the  russet  or  olive  of  the 
median  shade;  the  reniform  evident,  large  and  erect,  constricted 
at  the  middle,  outlined  by  russet  or  olive  russet;  a  dark  dash 
of  varying  length  and  intensity  present  in  the  submedian  fold ; 
the  veins  marked  with  black  in  the  terminal  area,  the  black  is 
often  diffuse  and  shades  the  whole  terminal  area.  Hind  wing 
shining  fuscous  black;  the  fringe  rufous  to  olive,  contrasting 
with  the  remainder  of  the  wing.  The  abdomen  blackish  above. 

This  is  the  form  that  stands  as  innominata  in  most  collec- 
tions, but  as  has  been  pointed  out  previously,  innominata  is  a 
suffused  form  equivalent  to  fcrrealis,  lignicosta,  pallid  icosta,  etc. 

This  is  the  common  (normal!)  color  form  of  this  species 
and  as  such  it  agrees  with  bcthunci  and  patcfacta;  from  these 
two  species,  which  it  most  closely  resembles,  it  can  be  readily 
separated  by  its  luteous  to  reddish  olive  color,  the  two  afore- 
mentioned species  being  whitish  or  grayish. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  65 

This  form  is  figured  as  typical  innominata  by  Smith,  Trans. 
Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvii,  pi.  iii  figs.  8  &  9,  1900. 

Holotypc:  $,  Ithaca.  NEW  YORK,  Sept.  28,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Allotyfie:?,  Ithaca,  New  York,  Sept.  30,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  |in  Coll.  Franclemont | . 

Paralyses :  27  $  $  ,  32  9  9  ,  Ithaca,  New  York,  Sept.-April 
(J.  G.  Franclemont)  ;  22  £  $  ,  25  9  9  ,  McLean  Bogs  Reserve, 
Tompkins  Co.,  New  York,  Sept. -Oct.  (J.  G.  Franclemont)  ;  5 
$  $  ,  1  9  ,  Chaffee,  New  York,  Sept.  ( J.  G.  Franclemont)  ;  1  $  , 
1  9  .  Sardinia,  New  York,  Sept.  (J.  G.  Franclemont)  ;  [all  in 
Coll.  Franclemont].  \$,  Ithaca,  New  York,  Oct.  (L.  R. 
Rupert);  \$,  59  9,  Richmond  Gulf,  Sardinia,  New  York, 
Sept.  (L.  R.  Rupert)  ;  1  $  ,  Fast  Concord,  New  York,  Oct. 
(L.  R.  Rupert)  ;  1  $  ,  Third  Lake,  Fulton  Chain,  New  York, 
Oct.  1934;  [all  in  Coll.  Rupert]. 

LITHOPHANE  ORIUNDA  form  canentissima  form.  nov.  (PI.  I, 
fig.  17). 

This  form  lacks  the  white  costa,  the  white  annuli  of  the 
reniform  and  orbicular  and  the  white  filling  of  the  reniform. 
The  fore  wing  is  a  uniform  claret  brown,  very  strongly  irror- 
ate  with  hoary  white;  the  reniform  and  orbicular  are  narrowly 
encircled  with  the  same  color,  and  then  beyond  this  bv  black- 

j  j 

ish ;  the  antemedial  line  hoary,  oblique,  irregularly  dentate ; 
the  postmedial  line  hoary,  dentate  on  the  veins,  excurved  from 
below  costa,  then  evenly  incurved  to  submedian  fold,  then  ex- 
curved  to  inner  margin ;  claviform  outlined  by  black.  The  hind 
wing  rufous  fuscous. 

This  form  is  a  striking  contrast  to  normal  orinnda  and  un- 
doubtedly corresponds  to  the  unicolorous  forms  of  the  other 
species,  corresponding  in  color  to  pctulca,  hcmina,  signosa  and 
the  others. 

Holotypc:  $  ,  Ithaca,  NEW  YORK,  October  23,  1940  (J.  G. 
Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  Franclemont]. 

Paratypcs :  1  $  ,  29  9  ,  McLean  Bogs  Reserve,  Tompkins 
County,  New  York,  Oct.  5  &  12,  1940  (J.  G.  Franclemont),  |  in 
Coll.  Franclemont].  \$,  Ithaca,  New  York,  Oct.  21,  1934 
(L.  R.  Rupert)  ;  1  <J  ,  1  9  ,  McLean  Bogs  Reserve,  Tompkins 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

County,  New  York,  Oct.  5,  1940  (L.  R.  Rupert)  ;  [in  Coll. 
Rupert].  5$  3,2$  9  (Bred  ex  ova)  Ithaca,  New  York,  1941 
(Franclemont),  [in  Coll.  FranclemontJ. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  I. 

Fig.   1.     LitJwpliaue  peinlea  Grt.   (Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 

Fig.  2.     L.  pel  idea  form  f  err  calls  Grt.  (Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 

Fig.  3.     L.   hcuiimi   Grt.    (McLean   Bogs   Reserve,   Tompkins 

'  Co.,  N.  Y.) 

Fig.  4.     L.  Jicmlna  form  lignicosta   form.  nov.    (Holotype). 
Fig.  5.     L.  signosa  Wlk.  (Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 
Fig.  6.     L.  signosa  form  paUldlcosta  form.  nov.   (Holotype). 
Fig.  7.     L.  patefacta  Wlk.  (McLean  Bogs  Reserve,  Tompkins 

Co.,  N.  Y.) 

Fig.  8.     L.  patefacta  form  -nlvcocosta  form.  nov.   (Holotype). 
Fig.  9.     L.  disposiia  Morr.  (Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 
Fig.   10.     L.  disposita  form  aryillocosta  form.  nov.  (Holotype). 
Fig.   11.     L.  bcthuncl  Grt.  &  Rob.      (McLean  Bogs,  Reserve, 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.) 

Fig.   12.     L.  bcthuncl  form  luicocosta  form.  nov.   (Holotype). 
Fig.   13.     L.  bcthuncl  form  duscalis  form.  nov.  (Holotype). 
Fig.   14.     L.  Innoniinata  Sin.  (Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 
Fig.   15.     L.  innomlnata  form  illccebra  form.  nov.   (Paratype, 

McLean  Bogs  Reserve,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.) 
Fig.   16.     L.  onunda  Grt.   (Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 
Fig.   17.     L.  oriunda  form  canentissinia  form.  nov.  (Holotype.) 


Aquatic   Plants   and   Mosquito   Larvae. 

The  value  of  plants  as  indicators  of  aquatic  conditions  was 
demonstrated  by  variations  in  the  species  which  occurred  in 
waters  of  varying  suitability  for  mosquito  breeding.  A  remark- 
able example  was  the  prevalence  of  a  certain  sedge  as  the  domin- 
ant mat-forming  plant  in  an  area  consistently  free  of  mosquito 
breeding  while  certain  grasses  were  the  chief  components  of 
mats  in  the  troublesome  mosquito-production  areas. — Annual 
Report,  Gorgas  Memorial  Laboratory  (Panama),  1940.  Wash- 
ington, 1941. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  67 

Spring  Aphid  Aero-Plankton  (Homoptera). 

By  H.  ELLIOTT  McCLURE,  Ord,  Nebraska. 

Aero-Plankton,  flying  and  floating  arthropods,  were  collected 
by  means  of  a  net  attached  to  the  fender  of  an  automobile  during 
the  year  from  May  3,  1934,  to  May  11,  1935.  From  May  3 
to  June  19,  1934,  the  collections  were  made  along  a  four-mile 
stretch  of  paved  road,  route  68,  east  of  Horse  Cave,  Kentucky. 
The  remainder  of  the  studies  were  made  at  Danville,  Illinois. 
The  route  travelled  in  Kentucky  was  bordered  by  fields  the 
majority  of  which  were  unplowed  and  abounded  with  flowers 
especially  composites.  The  country  was  rolling  and  there  were 
no  streams  along  the  route.  This  paper  concerns  the  aphids 
collected  in  this  way.  The  species  listed  were  identified  by  Dr. 
L.  G.  Strom,  604  South  28th,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  who  has 
been  of  inestimable  assistance.  Data  concerning  the  entire  col- 
lection has  been  given  in  an  earlier  paper  (McClure,  19381). 

The  four-mile  route  was  covered  each  morning  between  six 
and  eight  and  each  evening  between  six  and  seven.  The  length 
of  day  increased  from  13.65  hours  to  14.5  hours,  a  period  of  51 
minutes,  from  sunrise  to  sunset  during  the  seven  weeks  of  obser- 
vation. During  May  the  daily  increase  in  light  was  greater  than 
during  June.  In  general,  nebulosity  during  the  morning  collec- 
tions was  slightly  lower  and  the  light  intensity  greater  than  in 
the  evening.  The  evening  humidity  and  nebulosity  were  slightly 
higher  and  less  variable  than  were  those  of  the  morning,  there- 
fore light  intensity  was  less  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  sun  set 
later  each  day.  There  was  rain  during  14  of  the  38  days  and 
most  of  this  came  during  the  first  ten  days  of  June.  On  May 
1 1  there  was  a  heavy  dust  storm.  During  the  time  of  collections 
the  evening  temperatures  were  about  five  degrees  higher  than  the 
morning  temperatures. 

In  the  100  trips  over  the  route  a  total  of  16,687  specimens 
were  collected.  The  average  collection  included  166  insects,  or 
one  to  63  cubic  feet  of  air.  The  net  strained  approximately 
10,500  cubic  feet  of  air  during  each  drive.  The  average  morn- 

1  Insect  Aerial  populations.    Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  of  Am.,  XXXI:  504-513. 


68  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

ing  collection  was  much  less  than  the  evening  collection,  70  and 
262  insects  respectively.  This  is  the  equivalent  of  one  insect  to 
151  cubic  feet  and  one  to  40  cubic  feet. 

The  species  of  aphids  taken  are  shown  in  the  accompanying 
table.  Twenty-seven  were  represented,  of  which  eight  were  of 
economic  importance.  Four  hundred  and  forty-eight  specimens 
were  collected  and  of  these  four  species  made  up  53  percent. 
They  were  as  follows:  Rhopalosiphum  prunifoliae  (Fitch)  21 
percent,  Toxoptcra  graminum  (Rhodani)  seven  percent,  Ma- 
crosiphum  pisi  (Kalt.)  14  percent,  Pemphigus  lactucac  (Fitch) 

11  percent.    The  accompanying  table  shows  the  numbers  of  in- 
dividuals taken  over  four-day  periods,  and  indicates  the  periods 
of  heaviest  flight  and  relative  abundance.     The  species  are  ar- 
ranged in  the  order  of  their  appearance  during  the  period  of 
observation  so  that  the  table  shows  their  succession  as  well. 

The  numbers  of  aphids  caught  in  morning  collections  were 
erratic,  with  the  greatest  flight  activity  during  the  four  days  pre- 
ceding June  3.  Evening  collections  were  more  than  double  those 
of  the  morning  and  were  comparatively  regular  in  numbers  until 
what  appeared  to  be  the  period  of  spring  migration  during  the 

12  days  from  May  27  to  June  7.     This  vernal  flight  appeared 
to  be  associated  with  rising  daily  temperature  and  humidity. 

RHOPALOSIPHUM  PRUNIFOLIAE  (Fitch).  Ninety-four  speci- 
mens of  this  species  were  taken,  63  in  the  evening  and  31  in  the 
morning.  They  were  most  abundant  in  the  morning  collections 
in  the  first  four  days  of  May  and  fell  off  rapidly  to  May  10. 
They  disappeared  from  the  morning  collections  by  May  22  and 
did  not  appear  again  until  June  8.  The  peak  of  evening  numbers 
came  eight  days  later  than  that  of  the  morning,  and  then  the 
numbers  fell  off  to  more  or  less  regular  low  activity  for  the 
rest  of  the  observations.  Apparently  the  spring  flight  for  this 
species  came  during  the  first  fifteen  days  of  May. 

TOXOPTERA  GRAMINUM  (Rhodani).  Only  33  individuals 
of  this  species  were  taken,  21  in  the  evening  and  12  in  the 
morning.  This  group  was  taken  erratically,  but  apparently 
the  period  of  greatest  activity  was  during  the  last  of  May  and 
the  first  of  June. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  69 

TABLE  1 

The  succession  and  numbers  of  27  species  of  aphids  taken  during  flight 
in  the  seven  weeks  from  May  1  to  June  19,  1934,  at  Horse  Cave, 
Kentucky.  Numbers  collected  indicate  the  total  taken  in  four  days 
preceding  each  date. 

Numbers   Collected 
MAY  JUXE  TOTAL 

SPECIES  6  10  14  18  22  26  30    3    711  15  19 

Rhopalosiphum  prunifoliae 

(Fitch)     18  13  18    6    4    0    5    4    6    7    6    7      94 

Macrosiphum    pisi     (Kalt.)..     225548  28     811  64 

Pemphigus    lactucae    (Fitch)     5259702  16    2  48 

Aphis   gossypii    (Glover)....     22  15 

Pemphigus  populi  transversus 

(Riley)     2  2  4 

Toxoptera  graininr.m 

(Rondani)    0     1     1     0    9    0    5     7    2     5     1     2      33 

Drepanaphis  monelli   (Davis)  1  12 

Myzocallis  ononidis    (Kalt).  1  3323  12 

Hyalopterus  atriplicis  (Linn.)  1  1  4511  1       14 

Aphis  sp 15          561  12      21 

Myzocallis  asclepiadis 

(Monell.) 1  1  2 

Aspidaphis  adjuvans 

(Walker)     1 

Macrosiphum  sp 1  11  3 

Drepanaphis  acerifoliae 

(Thomas)    4443 

Anoecia   querci    (Fitch) 17  15 

Eriosoma  lanigerum 

( Hausmann )     1  1 

Aphis   rosea    (Baker)    12 

Macrosiphum    erigeronensis 

(Thomas)    314 

Aphis  bakeri    (Cowan) 1 

Macrosiphum  granarium 

(Kirby) 5611  13 

Clavigerus  populifoliae 

(Fitch) 1 

Prociphilus     (fraxinifoliae 

(Thomas)     

Aphis  coreopsidis   (Thomas).  1 

Aphis  illinoisensis 

(Thomas)    

Aphis   tulipae    (Boyer) 

Colopha  ulmicola  (Monell.)  . . 
Macrosiphum  frigidicola 

G.  and  P.) 1 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

MACROSIPHUM  PISI  (Kalt.).  Of  the  64  specimens  taken, 
only  six  were  collected  in  the  morning.  The  numbers  in  the 
evening  collections  were  low  and  regular,  until  none  were 
caught  during  the  four  days  preceding  May  22.  The  collec- 
tions were  greatest  during  the  four  clays  preceding  May  30, 
and  the  numbers  encountered  dropped  abruptly  after  this. 
The  temperature  was  rising  and  the  weather  dry  during  this 
flight. 

PEMPHIGUS  LACTUCAE  (Fitch).  This  species  was  repre- 
sented by  48  specimens,  25  taken  in  the  morning  and  23  in  the 
evening.  The  numbers  collected  in  the  morning  were  constant 
and  low  until  they  ceased  flying,  during  the  four  days  pre- 
ceding May  26.  Then  they  increased  during  the  four  days 
preceding  June  3,  and  disappeared  from  the  air  by  June  7. 
The  evening  numbers  were  constant  and  low,  with  the  only 
peak  during  the  four  days  preceding  May  18.  None  were 
collected  after  June  7. 


Immature   and   Adult    Stages   of  New    Species  of 
Chironomidae  (Diptera). 

By  O.  A.  JOHANNSEN,  Ithaca.  New  York. 
In  1896  Dr.  S.  W.  Williston  described  a  male  specimen  of 
Cliironomus  from  the  island  of  St.  Vincent  without  attaching  a 
specific  name  to  it.  That  he  had  several  specimens  before  him 
from  the  same  region,  some  of  them  females,  is  evident  from 
his  statement  " and,  rarely,  the  posterior  part  of  the  ab- 
domen also  brownish Length,  2-2.5  mm."  In  1905  I  rashly 

attached  the  specific  name  willistoni  to  the  species  without  having 
examined  a  specimen,  not  realizing  that  in  the  Cornell  Uni- 
versity Collection  there  were  two  female  specimens  from  St. 
Vincent  bearing  a  label  with  the  manuscript  name  Chironomus 
d  die  at  ul  us  in  Dr.  Williston's  handwriting.  \Yhy  no  specific 
name  was  published  by  Williston  cannot  be  conjectured.  It 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  71 

is  possible  that  the  male  upon  which  the  description  was  based 
was  destroyed  or  that  having  discovered  that  the  term  C. 
dclicatulus  was  preoccupied  for  one  of  Philippi's  species  from 
Chili,  Williston  cancelled  the  name.  A  letter  received  from 
Dr.  C.  H.  Curran  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 
and  another  from  the  late  F.  W.  Edwards  of  the  British 
Museum,  indicates  that  in  neither  of  the  institutions  mentioned 
is  there  a  specimen  of  this  speces  among  Williston's  St.  Vin- 
cent Diptera.  Since  the  specimens  in  the  Cornell  University 
collection  are  co-types  it  seems  desirable  to  enlarge  upon  Dr. 
Williston's  five-line  description. 
CHIRONOMUS  (STENOCHIRONOMUS)  WILLISTONI  Johannsen. 

$  .  Head,  including  antennae,  proboscis  and  palpi  yellow. 
Antennae  0.5  mm.  long,  intermediate  segments  bulbous  on 
basal  half,  slender  apically,  the  penultimate  three-fourths  as 
long  as  the  slender  and  tapering  apical  segment.  Basal  palpal 
segment  short,  second  and  third  subequal,  each  nearly  three 
times  as  long  as  the  first,  fourth  distinctly  longer  (shrivelled 
in  the  specimen).  Eyes  black,  separated  above  the  antennae 
by  a  distance  nearly  equal  to  the  width  of  the  narrow  dorsal 
extension.  . 

Thorax  pale  yellow,  mesonotum  shining,  with  three  slightly 
darker  yellow  vittae;  pronotum  much  reduced. 

Abdomen  pale  yellow,  the  last  segment  pale  brownish. 

Wings  hyaline,  unmarked,  veins  yellowish  white ;  first 
radial  branch  ends  at  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  wing 
measured  from  the  humeral  crossvein,  the  second  radial  branch 
is  nearly  contiguous  with  the  first,  the  posterior  branch  ends 
slightly  distad  of  the  level  of  the  apex  of  the  media,  the 
cubital  fork  lies  over  .06  of  the  wing  length  distad  of  the 
proximal  end  of  the  crossvein,  measurements  made  parallel 
to  the  costal  margin.  Squamae  with  hairs ;  halteres  yellow. 

Legs  yellowish  white,  the  two  spurs  on  each  of  middle  and 
hind  tibiae  conspicuously  black  and  equal;  fore  tibiae  a  sixth 
shorter  than  the  femora,  the  combined  fore  femur  and  tibia 
one-sixth  longer  than  the  wing.  Empodium  and  pulvilli  well 
developed.  Fore  tarsi  broken  off  in  both  specimens.  Length 
2  mm.,  wing  2  mm. 

The  male  as  described  by  Williston  resembles  the  female  in 
coloring.  The  fore  basitarsi  are  said  to  be  one-fourth  lon-rr 
than  their  tibiae.  The  length  is  given  as  2  to  2.5  mm.  from 
which  one  may  infer  that  the  male  measured  2.5mm. 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

Dr.  H.  K.  Townes  called  my  attention  to  the  similarity  be- 
tween Chironomus  (Stenochironomus)  mocatcci  Malloch  and 
C.  willlstoni.  Both  belong  to  that  group  of  the  subgenus 
Stenochironomus  in  which  the  wings  lack  dark  markings. 
They  are  similar  in  coloring  although  the  apex  of  the  abdomen 
in  C.  macatcci  is  much  darker.  They  appear  to  differ,  how- 
ever, in  the  basitarsus-tibial  ratio  which  is  given  at  1.25  by 
Williston  for  C.  willistoni,  and  as  1.20  by  Malloch  for  C. 
macatcci.  Specimens  of  the  latter,  one  from  the  type  locality, 
have  the  ratio  of  1.14-1.16.  The  cubital  fork  also  is  not  so 
far  distad  of  the  crossvein  in  the  latter,  which  species  is  also 
a  trifle  greater  in  size. 
Orthocladius  (Dactylocladius)  dubitatus  n.  sp. 

This  is  a  species  which  in  American  literature  has  in  part 
been  referred  to  0.  sordidcHns  Zett.  Though  resembling  it 
in  color,  Zetterstedt's  snecies  differs  in  some  structural  char- 

i 

acters  being  now  referred  to  the  subgenus  Pscctrocladius. 

$.  Head  yellow,  eyes  bare,  reniform;  antennae  including 
basal  segment  brownish,  ratio  of  apical  segment  to  the  remain- 
ing fiagellar  segments  of  the  antennae,  0.85 ;  apical  segment 
with  numerous  short  hairs  toward  the  tip.  Palpi  brownish, 
ration  of  lengths  of  segments  to  each  other  as  7:  13:  13:  18. 

Thorax  yellow  including  pronotum  and  scutellum ;  the  three 
mesonotal  vittae,  metanotum,  pectus  and  spot  on  pleura,  dark 
brown,  mesonotum  somewhat  shining. 

Tergum  of  abdomen  dark  brown  or  blackish,  venter  brown, 
both  with  slight  greenish  tinge.  Hypopygium  brown,  its  ter- 
gite  without  anal  point,  basistyle  with  nearly  straight  inner 
margin  and  without  mesad  projecting  lobe;  dististyle  simple, 
inner  margin  straight,  subapical  spine,  blunt,  brown. 

Legs  dusky  yellow,  ratio  of  fore  basitarsus  to  its  tibia,  0.65  ; 
fore  tibia  with  one,  middle  tibia  with  two,  hind  tibia  with  one 
long  and  one  short,  slightly  flexed  spur ;  hind  tibial  comb  pres- 
ent;  empodium  large,  nearly  as  long  as  the  claws;  pulvilli 
vestigial ;  claws  with  minutely  bifid  or  trifid  apex. 

Wings  somewhat  milky,  microtrichia  not  evident ;  costa  dis- 
tinctly produced ;  RT  and  Cu2  end  equidistant  from  the  wing 
base,  R2+s  ends  slightly  before  the  mid  distance  between  the 
tips  of  RI  and  R.I+S  ;  Media  ends  slightly  behind  the  wing  tip ; 
R4+.-,  ends  well  beyond  the  level  of  the  tip  of  CUT  ;  cubitus  forks 
distad  of  the  crossvein;  anal  vein  is  produced  far  beyond  the 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


73 


cubital  fork;  anal  lobe  well  developed,  right  angled^  Squama 
with  complete  fringe;  halteres  yellow.  Length  of  insect  2.1 
mm.,  a  fifth  longer  in  life,  wing  1.5mm. 

9  .  Similar  to  the  male  in  coloring  though  tending  to  be 
lighter,  the  vittae  of  the  mesonotum  in  some  cases  reddish 
brown.  The  first  flagellar  segment  of  the  antenna  is  two- 
thirds,  the  sixth  is  over  twice  as  long  as  each  of  the  three  oval 
intermediate  segments.  Tarsal  claws  sharp.  Length  of  in- 
sect 1.75,  a  fifth  longer  in  life. 

Ithaca,  NEW  YORK.  Types  in  the  Cornell  University  collec- 
tion. 

The  larva  finds  a  place  in  couplet  32  in  my  key  (Aquatic 
Diptera  III,  p.  60,  1937),  the  pupa  in  couplet  24  (1.  c.,  p.  62.) 

Cricotopus  flavipes  n.  sp. 

Larva.  The  larva  lying  on  its  side,  mines  in  the  leaves  of 
the  pondweed,  Potamogeton.  When  full  grown  it  measures 
6.5  mm.  in  length.  Near  each  caudo-lateral  margin  of  body 
segments  4  to  9  (abdominal  segments  1  to  6)  there  is  a  hair 
pencil  composed  of  4  to  6  hairs  and  on  the  tenth  there  is 
another  with  2  to  5  hairs.  Ventro-laterally  there  are  in  addi- 
tion several  single  shorter  and  very  slender  hairs  on  each  side 
of  each  intermediate  segment  and  dorsally  several  fine,  still 
shorter  hairs. 

The  head  is  brown  with  the  margin  of  the  labial  plate  and 
the  apex  of  the  mandible  blackened.  There  are  two  eyespots 
on  each  side  of  the  head  the  anterior  spot  very  much  smaller 
than  the  other.  The  antennae  are  very  minute  (Fig.  7),  less 
than  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  mandible,  the  first  segment 
scarcely  longer  than  wide,  the  larger  of  the  two  blade-bristles 
at  the  tip  of  the  basal  segment  rather  wide  and  extending 
nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  segment,  the  apical  four  seg- 
ments together  about  as  long  as  the  basal  segment.  On 
the  ventral  side  of  the  labrum  are  the  usual  curved  bristles 
of  which  a  subapical  pair  is  distinctly  larger  and  stouter  than 
the  others.  A  median  pair  of  bifid  bristles  was  not  observed. 
The  premandibles  (Fig.  6)  are  unusually  stout,  curved  and 
blunt-pointed  apically.  The  mandibles  (Fig.  2)  which  lack 
wrinkles  on  the  convex  side,  likewise  are  stout,  darkened  at 
the  tip,  with  two  lateral  bristles,  a  short  accessory  tooth,  but 
apparently  lacking  a  mesad  projecting  brush.  The  labial  plate 
is  very  convex  in  cross-section.  When  viewed  from  the  ven- 
tral side  (Fig.  4)  only  five  median  teeth  show  distinctly,  the 
head  being  strongly  laterally  compressed,  but  when  the  plate- 
is  flattened  out  (Fig.  3)  13  teeth  are  clearly  in  evidence,  the 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

second  laterals  being  shortest.  Prolegs,  claws,  anal  gills  and 
preanal  bristle-bearing  papillae  are  similar  to  those  of  C. 
trifasciata. 

Pitf>a.  The  pupa,  which  measures  4  mm.  in  length,  exhibits 
the  adult  coloring  a  short  time  before  transformation.  The 
thoracic  respiratory  organs  are  minute,  delicate,  white  in  color, 
without  spinules  and  clavate  in  shape,  the  diameter  at  the  apical 
fourth  about  .02  mm.  which  is  a  quarter  of  the  total  length.  The 
first,  seventh  and  eighth  tergites  are  bare,  the  second  to  sixth  with 
a  large  transverse  patch  of  shagreen  on  the  anterior  half  and  a 
narrow  transverse  shagreened  fascia  near  the  posterior  margin. 
The  intersegmentalia  of  segments  two  to  six  have  anteriorly 
directed  spinules  which  are  strongest  on  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  second  tergite.  The  anal  segment,  which  lacks  shagreen, 
bears  lateral  lobes  each  terminating  in  three  nearly  straight 
bristles.  The  genital  sacs  in  the  male  extend  well  beyond  the 
apices  of  the  bristles  (Fig.  8),  in  the  female  the  bases  of  the 
bristles  lie  distad  of  the  caudal  ends  of  the  sacs. 

Adult.  $  and  9  .  Yellow  in  ground  color,  the  pronotum, 
scutellum,  halteres,  legs  and  terminalia  yellowish  white.  The 
broad  mesonotal  vittae,  the  pectus,  a  pleural  spot,  metanotum, 
anterior  three- fourths  of  each  abdominal  tergite  except  the 
first  and  last  two  or  three,  dark  brown  to  blackish,  in  teneral 
specimens  somewhat  paler.  Antennae  brown,  basal  segment 
darker,  palpi  brown;  eyes  pubescent.  Antennal  ratio  of  the 
male  1.65;  of  the  female  0.44,  the  sixth  segment  1.75  times  as 
long  as  the  fifth,  the  division  line  between  them  feebly  marked. 

Ratio  of  fore  basitarsus  to  tibia  0.55  to  0.60;  fore  tarsi  not 
bearded ;  empodium  2/3  as  long  as  the  claws,  pulvilli  minute. 

Wings  milky  hyaline,  veins  pale,  Ro+s  ending  about  half-way 
between  the  tips  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  branches  of  the 
radius;  costa  indistinctly  produced  beyond  the  tip  of  Ri+b 
which  ends  well  beyond  the  level  of  the  tip  of  Cut ;  media  ends 
slightly  behind  the  tip  of  the  wing;  cubitus  forks  distad  of  the 
crossvein ;  anal  lobe  well  developed.  Squamae  fringed. 

The  hypopygium  is  of  the  normal  Cricotopus  type  ( Fig.  1 ) , 
the  anal  point  lacking ;  basisityle  with  prominent  basal  lobe 
which  is  slightly  wider  beyond  the  middle ;  the  apical  spine  of 
the  dististyle  is  about  2/3  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  dis- 
tistyle  near  the  apex  (foreshortened  in  Fig.  1).  Length  of 
male  3.25  mm.,  of  female  2mm.,  of  the  wing  of  both  sexes 
1.75  mm. 

Reared  by  Mr.  C.  O.  Berg,  July  and  August  at  Ocqueoc  Lake, 
Presque  Isle  County,  MICHIGAN.  Types  in  Cornell  University 
collection. 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


75 


The  adult  of  this  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  other 
members  of  the  genus  in  having  non-annulate  yellow  legs.  The 
larva  will  find  a  place  in  couplet  1  in  my  key  ( Aquatic  Diptera 
III,  p.  52,  1937)  with  Group  Encricotopiis,  differing  in  having 
unusually  short  antennae.  It  will  also  find  a  place  in  couplet 
29,  p.  60,  which  again  leads  to  Cricotopus  (Group  C)  but 
differs  in  having  short  antennae  and  in  lacking  a  mandibular 
brush.  The  pupa  will  find  a  place  in  couplet  3,  second  para- 
graph, in  the  key  on  page  52,  differing  from  C.  fuga.r  in  having 
non-spinose  respiratory  organs.  It  will  also  trace  to  the  second 
paragraph  of  couplet  26,  p.  62,  Cricotopus,  differing  in  the 
form  of  the  respiratory  organ. 

V 


Cu 


Cricotopus  flainpcs  n.  sp. :  1,  Male  clasper,  X285 ;  5,  Apex  of  dististyle, 
X285.  Larva:  2,  Mandible,  X190;  3,  Labial  plate  (flattened),  X190;  4 
Same,  ventral  aspect,  X190;  6,  Premandiblc.  XI 90;  7,  Antenna,  X380 
Pupa :  8,  Caudal  segment  of  male,  X75. 

Macropeza  similis:    9,  Wing,  X12. 

Jcnkinshclca  albaria :  10,  Wing,  X12.  Pupa,  female:  11,  Operculuin, 
X75 ;  12,  Caudal  segment,  X37. 


76  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

Ceratopogon  albarius  Coquillett  and  Related  Species 
(Diptera:  Ceratopogonidae). 

By  O.  A.  JOHANNSEN,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

Described  in  1895  by  Coquillett  from  Florida,  it  was  re- 
described  in  1908  by  me  under  the  name  of  magnlpennls  and 
assigned  to  the  genus  Joliannseniella  Will.  Later,  together  with 
several  other  species,  it  was  placed  by  Malloch  in  the  genus 
Johannsenomyia  Mall.  An  examination  of  albaria  however 
reveals  that  if  we  are  to  recognize  the  numerous  genera  into 
which  Ceratopogon  of  Meigen  has  been  divided,  this  species 
must  be  transferred  to  Jcnkinshelea  Macfie  (emendation  for 
Jenkinsia  Kieffer,  preoc.),  the  type  of  which  is  /.  setosipennis 
Kieffer,  from  India,  and  of  which  a  figure  is  given  by  Macfie 
(1939).  The  American  species  agrees  with  other  species  which 
have  been  assigned  to  this  genus  by  Macfie  and  deMeillon  in 
having  the  thorax  somewhat  jutting  over  the  head;  an  unusu- 
ally broad  wing,  a  costa  more  or  less  produced  (Fig.  10),  wing 
surface  covered  with  microtrichia,  medial  fork  broadly  sessile, 
strongly  developed  anal  angle;  unarmed  femora,  and  the  fifth 
tarsal  segments  with  strong  spines  below. 

In  Johannsenomyia  the  thorax  is  rounded  in  front  and  not 
projecting  over  the  head,  the  wing  is  of  moderate  width,  the 
costa  is  no  produced,  and  the  anal  angle  is  not  prominent. 
Kieffer  (1917)  assigned  a  South  American  species,  which  he 
named  /.  boliviensis,  to  the  genus.  An  examination  of  the 
type  specimen  in  the  National  Museum  in  Budapest,  however, 
showed  that  it  does  not  belong  in  Jcnkinshelea.  It  is  a  normal 
Palpomyia  with  a  tubercle  or  spine  in  the  middle  of  the  front 
margin  of  the  thorax,  the  latter  not  produced  over  the  head, 
the  fore  femora  provided  with  spines,  the  middle  and  hind 
femora,  as  well  as  the  fifth  tarsal  segments,  unarmed;  thus 
falling  in  Palpomyia,  Group  A,  of  Edwards  (1926). 

DeMeillon  (1937,  p  263)  has  suggested  that  Jcnkinshelea 
be  regarded  as  a  subgenus  of  Macropcza  to  contain  /.  setosi- 
pennis Kieffer  (type),  bohvicnsis  Kieff,  and  probably  Ma-cro- 
pcza  similis  Johannsen  (1927)  and  that  a  new  genus  be 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  77 

erected  for  the  Ethiopian  species  with  enlarged  basal  angle 
of  the  wing,  namely  acraensis  Ingram  and  Macfie,  polyxenae 
DeMeillon,  and  rhodesicnsis  DeMeillon.  This  suggestion  how- 
ever cannot  be  entertained,  since  Macfie's  figure  shows  that 
/.  sctosipennis  has  an  enlarged  anal  angle  while  bottviensis.  is 
a  normal  Palpomyia  as  stated  above.  As  for  Macropeza 
siniilis  from  Formosa,  the  figure  here  given  (Fig.  9)  indicates 
that  it  is  clearly  a  true  Macropeza  as  defined  in  Macfie's  key 
(1940).  It  should  be  noted  that  this  key  contains  misprints 
in  couplet  5 ;  the  figures  at  the  right  should  read  6  and  7  re- 
spectively instead  of  5  and  6. 

A  pupa  was  collected  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Needham  at  Old  Forge, 
New  York,  from  which  a  female  of  /.  albarla  was  reared. 
The  exuviae  indicate  that  the  insect  belongs  to  the  Palpomyia 
group  of  the  Ceratopogonidae. 

The  respiratory  organs  were  unfortunately  broken  off  and 
lost.  The  operculum  ( Fig.  11)  is  shield-shape  with  an  an- 
terior pair  of  setae,  a  seta-base  (sense  pit?),  behind  each  seta, 
the  posterior  half  rugose  with  numerous  minute  low  tubercles. 
The  last  segment  (Fig.  12)  is  more  deeply  pigmented  than  the 
anterior  parts;  the  pair  of  terminal  processes  slender,  elong- 
ate, and  only  slightly  divergent.  The  surface  of  this  segment 
is  provided  with  closely  set,  minute,  stout  spinules,  the  spinules 
on  the  terminal  processes  larger  and  more  sparsely  distributed. 
The  spines  in  the  transverse  rows  of  the  intermediate  segments 
are  short  and  stout.  The  condition  of  the  exuviae  does  not  per- 
mit a  more  extended  description.  Malloch  has  described  the 

respiratory  organs. 

I  have  seen  specimens  of  /.  albaria  from  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Georgia,  Florida,  and  Illinois. 

References:  Coquillett,  D.  W.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1895,  308.  Edwards,  F.  W.,  Trans,  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  1936, 
417.  Johannsen,  O.  A.,  Bull.  124:  N.  Y.  State  Mus.  1908, 
268;  and  Ent.  Mitt.,  16:  424,  1927.  Kieffer,  J.  J.,  Ann.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hungr.,  15:  331,  1917.  Macfie,  J.  W.  S.,  Trans.  Roy. 
Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  89:  7,  1939;  and  Ann.  Trop.  Med.  Parasit., 
34:  13-30,  1940.  DeMeillon,  B.,  Ann.  S.  Afr.  Mus.,  32:  263, 
1937. 


78  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

Descriptions   of  two  new    Nearctic  species   of   the 
genus  Hydrellia  reared   from  Pond-weed  (Diptera: 

Ephydridae). 

By  EZRA  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Among  some  material  received  from  Mr.  C.  O.  Berg  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  reared  from  several  species  of  pond- 
weed  of  the  genus  Potanwgcton,  I  found  the  following  ap- 
parently undescribed  species.  Mr.  Berg  has  kindly  allowed 
the  types  to  be  placed  in  the  Collection  of  The  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
Hydrellia  luctuosa  new  species. 

Similar  to  H.  caliginosa  Cresson,  1936,  but  entirely  black 
except  the  halteres,  and  without  any  cinereous  vestiture;  also 
is  considerably  smaller. 

Antennae,  palpi  and  tarsi,  black ;  halteres  pale  yellow. 

Opaque,  except  scutellum  and  abdomen  somewhat  shining. 
Vestiture  dark  grayish  in  certain  aspects,  never  cinereous ; 
lunule  slighter  lighter. 

Ocellars  distinctly  stronger  than  proclinate  orbital.  Ante- 
sutural  dorsocentral  well  developed  and  about  as  far  removed 
from  postsutural  one  as  their  distance  from  each  other.  Genital 
segment  small,  inconspicuous.  Anterior  series  of  three  to  four 
strong  setae  on  mid  femur,  particularly  in  the  males,  and  the 
mid  tibiae  of  that  sex  somewhat  thickened.  Costa  III  about 
as  long  as  II. 

Length,  1.5  mm. 

Type. — Male;  Bessey  Creek,  Cheboygan  County,  MICHIGAN; 
August  14,  1941 ;  (C.  O.  Berg;  from  Potamogcton  zostcrifonn- 
is);  [A.  N.  S.  P.,  no.  6620]. 

Paratypes. — 5  $  ;  topotypical,  with  same  data.  1  $  ;  with 
same  data  except  from  P.  richardsoni.  1  9  ;  with  same  data 
except  from  P.  natans.  1  $  ;  Douglas  Lake,  Cheboygan 
County,  VII  3,  1941 ;  from  P.  richardsoni.  2  $  ;  Nigger  Creek, 
Cheboygan  County,  VIII  21,  1941,  from  P.  teuuifoliiis. 

Hydrellia  ascita  new  species. 

Very  similar  to  H.  bilobifcra  Cresson,  1936,  but  appearing 
different  in  having  the  mesonotum,  including  humeri  and  no- 
topleura  uniformally  dark,  and  the  tibiae  mostly  black. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  79 

Pale,  yellow  to  orange:  ground  of  face,  apex  of  antenna 
III,  palpi,  apex  of  fore  coxa,  extremity  of  femora,  base  and 
apex  of  tibiae  and  base  of  tarsi.  Halteres  whitish.  Wings 
clear  with  black  veins. 

Vestiture  of  dorsal  surfaces  brownish ;  lunule,  pleura  and 
ventral  surfaces  more  cinereous.  Face  sericeous,  niveous  to 
golden.  Mesonotum,  humeri  and  notopleura  dark,  contrasting 
with  the  lighter  pleura. 

Frons  transverse.  Face  about  one-fifth  width  of  head; 
orbits  strongly  flaring  to  moderately  broad  cheeks.  Antesu- 
tural  dorsocentral  well  developed,  but  shorter  and  rather  ap- 
proximate to  the  postsutural  one;  no  second  postsutural  dorso- 
central noticeable.  Setation  of  legs  inconspicuous.  Segment 
V  of  male  with  distinct,  bilobed,  caudal  margin.  Costa  II  not 
much  longer  than  III. 

Length,  1.5  mm. 

Type. — Male ;  Nigger  Creek,  Cheboygan  County,  MICHIGAN  ; 
August  21,  1941 ;  (C.  O.  Berg;  from  Potamogcton  tcniiifolius}  ; 
[A.  N.  S.  P.,  no.  6621]. 

Paratypcs. — 4  $  ,   1 1  9  ;  topotypical,  with  same  data. 


The  Terms  Instinct  and  Intelligence  as  Used  in 
Discussions  of  Insect  Behavior. 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

I  have  a  predilection  for  the  good  old-fashioned  word  in- 
stinct, and  propose  to  use  it  in  preference  to  any  one  of  the 
many  substitutes  invented  to  take  its  place.  It  is  true  many 
sins  have  been  committed  in  the  name  of  instinct,  but  these 
have  been  by  scholasticists,  lay  writers  and  philosophers,  and 
not  by  students  of  comparative  psychology.  The  misuse  of 
the  word  has  not  been  sufficiently  great,  however,  to  warrant  its 
disuse  in  studies  of  insect  behavior.  In  my  opinion,  nothing  is 
to  be  gained  by  substituting  for  it  such  terms  as  "innate  be- 
havior", "inborn  capacities",  "inborn  powers",  "stereotyped 
behavior",  "automatic  acts",  "spontaneity",  "inherited  propen- 
sity", "mechanical  automata",  "automatized  reasoning",  "un- 
learned acts",  "motor  memory",  "muscle  memory",  "species 
memory",  or  what  not.  Such  terms  seem  ambiguous,  are  con- 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

fusing  and  hard  to  define,  and  lend  themselves  too  readily  to 
the  imagination. 

Of  course,  in  the  early  days  of  the  study  of  insect  be- 
havior, naturalists  (and  even  the  great  Fabre  was  one  of  them) 
misused  the  word  by  defining  it  as  something  which  divine 
Providence  had  by  special  creation  implanted  in  lowly  crea- 
tures, since  if  left  to  their  own  intelligence  they  would  not 
survive.  If  anything  at  all  should  be  attributed  to  Providential 
implantation,  it  should  be  the  mere  physiological  processes, 
such  as  egg-laying,  silk-spinning,  reflex  bleeding  in  certain 
beetles,  defecation,  etc. ;  but  in  this  connection  the  term  reflex 
is  perfectly  safe  to  use,  since  such  phenomena  are  produced 
without  the  necessary  intervention  of  choice  or  intention. 

The  classic  description  of  instinct  in  the  lower  orders  "as 
it  recurs,  with  unimportant  modifications  in  countless  works 
on  the  subject"  is  given  by  Wheeler  (Essays  in  Phil.  Biol. 
p.  38-39,  1939)  when  he  states: 

"Any  behavior  is  designated  as  instinctive  which  originates 
in  an  impulse.  *  *  *  The  impulse  is  evidently  the  center  or 
core  of  the  instinctive  activity,  which  is  peculiarly  fixed  and 
mechanized,  very  rigidly  dependent  on  inherited  structure  or 
organization  and  therefore  very  uniform,  or  variable  only 
within  very  narrow  limits,  in  all  the  individuals  of  one  or  both 
sexes  of  a  species.  Behavior  of  this  kind  has  the  attributes  of 
compulsion  or  necessity  and  it  is  at  the  same  time  highly  adap- 
tive or  purposive,  though  the  organism  manifesting  it  is  una- 
ware of  any  purpose,  or  at  any  rate  it  is  usually  aware  only  of 
an  immediate  purpose,  even  when  the  behavior  is  accompanied 
by  consciousness." 

It  seems  to  me  that  instinct  is  even  more  than  this,  for  in- 
stincts are  subject  to  change  in  the  long  view ;  new  instincts 
are  acquired  and  become  rooted  in  the  make-up  of  the  species, 
and  unused  ones  are  thrust  into  the  limbo  of  obsolescence. 
That  instincts  are  not  something  unchangeable  may  best  be  seen 
if  we  review  something  of  the  origin  of  instincts.  Wheeler,1 
Bouvier2  and  many  other  leaders  in  the  study  of  insect  psy- 

1  Essays  in  Philosophical  Biology,  1939. 
"  Psychic  Life  of  Insects,  1922. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  81 

chology  of  the  last  thirty  years  believe  that  instinct  is  inherited 
habit,  that  it  is  the  sum  total  of  the  cumulative  effects  of  actions 
that  had  their  beginnings  in  acts  of  intelligence,  and  by  repeti- 
tion of  the  acts  they  become  habits,  which  in  time  become  fixed 
and  maintained  by  heredity  and  thereby  become  crystallized  as 
instinct.  This,  let  it  be  understood,  does  not  mean  that  in- 
stincts once  acquired  are  forever  rigid  and  immutable,  but 
rather  that  instinct  is  susceptible  to  change,  permitting  intelli- 
gence to  reach  out  to  acquire  new  habits  which  may  place  the 
organism  in  better  harmony  with  its  environment. 

The  word  intelligence  used  in  comparative  psychology 
should,  I  think,  also  be  retained.  The  word  itself  implies  its 
meaning  without  much  head  work  on  the  part  of  the  reader.  I 
sometimes  like  Forel's  term  "plastic  behavior,"  which  means 
the  same  thing,  but  after  all  there  is  something  mysterious 
about  the  phrase.  One  would  hardly  use  it  in  describing  hu- 
man behavior  that  smacks  of  intelligence,  and  I  think  that 
after  all,  since  infra-humans  differ  from  us  so  little  in  mental 
equipment,  we  should  not  discriminate  against  them.  I  often 
wonder  why  Forel  coined  the  phrase,  since  he  had  recourse  to 
such  a  meaningful  word  as  "intelligence".  But  he  lived  at  a 
time  when  intelligence  was  conceded  to  the  human  race  alone, 
and  all  other  creatures  were  limited  to  instinct.  Forel  knew 
that  this  was  not  true,  for  he  had  occasion  repeatedly  to  see 
behavior  in  ants  that  had  a  semblance  of  intelligence,  and  in 
his  human  wards  at  the  Zurich  Insane  Asylum,  as  well  as  in 
the  work-a-day  world,  I  am  sure  he  often  saw  human  behavior 
that  was  more  or  less  instinctive.  He  tried,  therefore,  to 
bridge  the  gap  with  the  phrase  "plastic  behavior."  But  in  the 
light  of  new  experiments  and  interpretations  in  animal  be- 
havior, I  think  his  phrase  has  outlived  its  usefulness,  and  that 
henceforth  we  should  use  the  word  intelligence,  thus  giving 
animals  full  credit  for  all  that  is  due  them. 

Probably  the  best  definition  of  intelligence  as  used  in  insect 
behavior  is  to  be  found  in  the  monumental  work  of  Warden. 
Jenkins  and  Warner,3  in  which  they  say  that  intelligence  may 


Comp.  Psychol.  2:  808,   1940. 


82  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

be  "(a)  the  capacity  to  learn,  (b)  the  ability  to  adapt  learned 
or  unlearned  behavior  to  new  situations,  (c)  the  ability  to 
understand  situations,  (d)  the  power  of  generalization  and 
abstraction."  Intelligence  may  fall  into  any  one  of  the  above 
categories  or  in  several  of  them. 

And  now  a  word  about  the  term  "mind,"  which  probably 
connotes  something  different  to  each  user  of  the  word.  Dis- 
cussions grow  ponderous  and  disagreements  wax  hot  without 
either  party  offering  any  definition  of  this  key  term.  One 
often  meets  the  phrase  "the  mind  of  the  insect" ;  in  fact,  I 
have  in  mind  important  works  by  Snodgrass  and  by  Washburn 
with  that  title.  There  is  a  certain  vagueness  about  such  a  term 
which  makes  the  reader  wonder  where  the  seat  of  it  is  and  of 
what  it  is  composed. 

The  insect  mind  is,  it  seems  to  me,  composite,  and  the  in- 
gredients are  combinations  in  various  degrees  of  reflex,  in- 
stinct, and  intelligence,  as  defined  above ;  mind  is  the  sum  total 
of  these  three. 

Ever  mindful  of  the  limitations  of  the  terms  reflex,  instinct 
and  intelligence,  it  is  my  plea,  in  conclusion,  to  urge  the  return 
to  these  homely  phrases  in  the  study  of  animal  behavior,  in 
preference  to  the  ambiguous  substitute  terms  that  have  crept 
into  the  language,  evidently  because  it  was  easier  to  sidestep 
a  disagreeable  issue  that  had  a  direct  bearing  on  human  mental 
equipment  than  to  bravely  face  the  issue. 


Appius  ilaire  ilaire  Godart  in  Colorado.     (Lepid.  Pieridae). 

On  several  occasions  in  the  past  ten  years  I  have  suspected 
that  I  saw  this  tropical  species  on  the  prairie  near  Colorado 
Springs.  This  morning,  July  7,  1941,  I  had  the  opportunity  of 
verifying  its  occurrence  in  the  State.  A  slightly  worn  female 
fed  for  better  than  five  minutes  within  two  feet  of  me  at  the 
blossoms  of  "Amur  River  Privet".  I  had  no  net  at  home  and 
so  did  not  make  a  capture.  However,  I  am  quite  familiar  with 
American  tropicals  and  particularly  neotropical  Pieridae.  I  have 
collected  them  extensively  and  hold  one  of  the  largest  collections 
of  the  family  in  North  America.  Thus  I  feel  competent  to 
determine  this  species  and  race  "in  the  bush"  and  not  necessarily 
in  the  hand. 


IHi,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  83 

This  specimen  had  the  wide  margins  and  typical  coloration  of 
the  nymotypical  race.  I  had  the  opportunity  to  study  its  pattern 
very  fully  even  to  the  slight  yellow-ochre  scalation  along  the 
costal  margin  of  the  forewing  on  the  underside.  The  specimen 
was  definitely  not  a  form  of  A.  monustc  or  A.  joscpha.  The 
great  breadth  of  the  marginal  hand  and  the  color  of  the  under- 
side of  the  hindwings,  faintly  creamy  rather  than  strongly  yel- 
low rule  out  race  pocyi  Butler,  the  only  form  that  is  definitely 
accepted  as  flying  in  the  United  States  by  McDunnough  (Mem. 
So.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  1:  10.  1938).  Cross  did  not  list  the 
species  from  this  state  in  his  "Butterflies  of  Colorado"  (Proc. 
Colo.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  16:  3-28,  1937).— F.  MARTIN  BROWN, 
Colorado  Springs,  Colorado. 

Notes  on  Johnson's  South  Dakota  Chrysomelid  Paper 

(Coleoptera). 

This  article  by  Johnson  appeared  in  Entomological  News 
for  January,  1941  (pp.  9-14)  and  presented  data  of  a  de- 
sirable nature.  Such  distributional  information  as  this  is  un- 
doubtedly of  more  than  passing  interest  to  a  large  number  of 
workers  and  should  therefore  be  encouraged.  However,  the 
paper  contained  certain  irregularities  that  would  seem  to  merit 
attention  in  order  to  preclude  their  perpetuation  by  less  ex- 
perienced entomologists.  The  present  writer  offers  these 
suggestions  with  the  reservation  that  they  be  accepted  as  simple 
scientific  form,  entirely  divorced  from  any  personal  antipathy. 

The  name  Chrysomelinae  refers  to  a  taxonomic  category  of 
subfamily  proportions — not  a  tribe  as  stated  by  Johnson/ 

Employment  of  the  old  generic  name  Chrysomela  for 
Chrysolina  auripennis  (Soy)  and  its  related  species  is  to  be 
discouraged,  particularly  since  our  American  authorities  (Van 
Dyke,  Brown)  in  their  recent  revisional  studies  follow  th» 
rules  germane  to  this  situation  (See  Maulik,  1925,  Anns,  and 
Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (19)  XV,  pp.  95-96).  Likewise,  the  use  of 
J-ina  by  a  coleopterologist  is  surprising  for  it  was  correctly 
discontinued  long  ago  by  no  less  authorities  than  SchaetTL-i-. 
Fall,  Van  Dyke  et  al. 

Zygogramma  sutnralis  (nee  sutoralis  Johnson,  1941)  is  the 
correct  spelling  for  this  Fabrician  species. 

With  the  abundant  availability  of  literature,  errors  of  this 
nature  arc  difficult  to  justify;  the  more  so  when  they  are  per- 
petrated by  an  authority  in  the  field.  Although  seemingly  of 
little  consequence,  these  errors  contribute  to  a  lack  of  confidence 
in  the  determinations  and  other  included  data,  thus  detract. in- 
considerably from  the  probable  true  value  of  the  paper 

B.  E.  WHITE,  Merced,  California. 


84 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


[March,  '42 


A  New  Species  of  Phyllomyza  from  "Virginia 
(Diptera:  Milichiidae). 

By  GEO.  STEYSKAL,  Detroit,  Michigan. 
Phyllomyza  milnei  new  species. 

$  .     Length,  body  and  wings,  each  2  mm. 

Color  black,  slightly  gray  pruinose,  more  polished  on  pleura 
and  abdomen.  The  knees,  tibiae  (brownish  medially)  and  tarsi 
yellow. 

Head  profile  as  in  figure,  the  front  .45  total  width  of  head, 
slightly  wider  anteriorly.  Parafrontals  and  ocellar  triangle 
lightly  pruinose  but  contrasting  with  the  matt  black  inter- 
frontal  stripe.  Three  outwardly  curved  upper  parafrontal 
bristles  and  two  incurved  lower  parafrontals.  The  upper  and 
lower  parafrontal  stripes  are  nearly  disjunct  and  bear  a  few 
hairs.  Two  rows  of  about  four  small  incurved  hairs  each  in 
middle  of  interf rental  stripe  (cruciate  bristles).  Antennae 
with  short  pubescence  only,  the  arista  distinctly  pubescent. 
Palpi  with  short  pubescence  and  a  few  scattered  short  hairs. 
Proboscis  geniculate  but  very  short  and  hidden  between  the 
palpi.  Ommatidia  in  about  35  rows  from  front  top  to  rear 
bottom  of  eye. 


Thorax  with  two  dorsocentral  bristles,  the  anterior  pair  half 
as  long  as  the  posterior.  A  small  but  distinct  pair  of  prescut- 
ellars.  Hair  of  thorax  long,  erect,  in  five  or  six  irregular  rows 
between  the  anterior  dorsocentrals.  Apical  soutellur  bristles 
about  twice  as  long  as  scutellum,  converging  to  meet  at  their 
tips.  Metanotum  polished.  Halteres  yellow.  Calypters  whit- 
ish with  a  white  fringe.  Wings  as  figured,  hyaline,  the  veins 
yellow.  Spur  of  middle  tibiae  half  as  long  as  metatarsus. 


liii,    '42  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  85 

Abdomen  with  intermediate  segments  subequal  in  length, 
with  sparse  coarse  hairs  and  marginal  bristly  hairs. 

Holotypc  male,  Mountain  Lake,  VIRGINIA,  June  30,  1940, 
yl.  no.  3  (L.  J.  and  M.  J.  Milne),  no.  55829  in  United  States 
National  Museum.  Paratypes,  males,  same  locality;  two, 
July  18,  1938,  in  U.  S.  N.  *M. ;  four,  July  18,  1938,  and  one, 
July  23,  1940,  in  the  author's  collection;  one,  June  30,  1940, 
one,  July  1,  1940,  and  one.  July  8,  1940,  returned  to  Prof.  L. 
J.  Milne,  Randolph-  Macon  Woman's  College,  Lynchburg, 
Virginia. 

Melander  separated  his  genus  NcopJiyllomyza  principally  on 
the  reduced  number  of  dorsocentral  bristles.  Both  Phyllomyza, 
and  Ncophyllomyza  are  well  represented  in  the  palaearctic  re- 
gion and  Henclel  has  followed  Melander  in  referring  the  ma- 
jority of  the  species  (with  2-3  dorsocentrals)  to  Ncopliyllo- 
uiyza,  but  Duda,  followed  by  Hennig  (1937),  has  shown  that 
a  better  grouping  is  based  on  the  number  (2  or  3)  of  upper 
parafrontal  bristles.  At  any  rate  the  genera  are  very  similar. 
The  only  North  American  species  definitely  referable  to  Neo- 
phyUomyza  is  the  genotype,  quadriconiis  Melander.  The 
present  species  has  affinities  with  P.  hirtipalpis  Malloch  (Mary- 
land) and  P.  tetragons  Hendel  (Central  Europe). 

There  are  also  two  females  in  the  author's  collection  which 
may  be  conspecific,  but  there  seem  to  be  no  characters  whereby 
they  might  be  separated  from  approximata  Malloch.  More- 
over, a  male  of  P.  hirtipalpis  Malloch  was  taken  at  Mountain 
Lake,  Virginia,  on  July  9,  1938.  P.  appro.riuiata  may  be  the 
female  of  either  hirtipalpis  (as  was  considered  likely  by  Mal- 
loch) or  of  milnci,  in  which  latter  case  it  would  have  priority. 

LITERATURE  CITED 

HENNIG,  W.  1937.  Milichiidae  et  Carnidae,  in  Erwin 
Lindner's  Fliegen  der  palaarktischen  Region,  vol.  61,  fasc.  60a, 
pp.  1-91. 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are   not   listed. 

GENERAL. —  Bach  &  Smith. --The  effect  of  host  den- 
sity on  the  rate  of  reproduction  of  entomophagous  parasites. 
[12]  34:  741-745.  Genest,  M.  E.  -  -  L'utilite  des  places 
d'etude  permanentes  en  entomologie.  [98]  68:  261-271,  ill. 
Hayward,  K.  J. — Insectos  de  importancia  economica  en  la 
region  de  Concordia  (Entre  Rios).  [104]  11:  68-109. 
Hoffman,  C.  H. — Annotated  list  of  elm  insects  in  the  United 
States.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Misc.  Publ.  466:  20  pp. 
Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W.— Common  names.  [12]  34:  862-863. 
Palmer,  E.  L. -- Holes  in  the  ground.  Our  soil.  [Cornell 
Rural  School  Leaflet]  35:  31  pp.,  ill.  Park,  T.— The  labor- 
atory population  as  a  test  of  a  comprehensive  ecological 
system.  [Q.  Rev.  Biol.]  16:  440-461.  Salomon,  H.  -  -  La 
proteccion  de  las  Mariposas.  [104]  11:  110-112.  de  Soriano, 
A.  M. — Contralor  de  la  presencia  de  fragmentos  de  insectos 
y  particulas  extranas  en  diversos  tipos  de  quesos.  [Agro- 
nomia]  33:  299-303,  ill.  de  Soriano  &  Garassini. — Contralor 
de  la  presencia  de  excrementos  de  insectos  en  harinas. 
[Agronomia]  33 :  304-307,  ill.  Stejneger,  L. — Department 
of  Biology.  [Rep.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.]  1941:  39-42.  Swenk, 
M.  H.-- Obituary  by  H.  D.  Tate.  [12]  34:  863-864,  ill. 
Thornthwaite,  C.  W. — Atlas  of  climatic  types  in  the  United 
States  1900-1939.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Misc.  Publ.  421  :  7 
pp.,  ill.  Wickard,  C.  R. — War  on  insects  has  military  im- 
portance. [Rep.  Sec.  Agric.]  1941:  233-245.  Wimpenny, 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  87 

R.  S. --  Organic  polarity:  some  ecological  and  physiological 
aspects.  [O.  Rev.  Biol.]   16:  389-425,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.  —  Baptist,  B.  A.  - 

The  morphology  and  physiology  of  the  salivary  glands  of 
Hemiptera-Heteroptera.  [53]  83:  91-139,  ill.  Child,  C.  M.- 
Differential  dye  reduction  in  ovaries  of  Drosophila  hydei. 
[Phys.  Zool.]  15:  13-29,  ill.  Lennox,  F.  G.— Studies  of  the 
physiology  and  toxicology  of  blowflies.  [Australia  Co  tin. 
Sci.  &  Ind.  Res.]  Pamphlet  109:  64  pp.,  ill.  Lotmar,  R.- 
D.-is  Mitteldarmepithel  der  Raupe  von  Tineola  biselliella 
(Kleidermotte),  insbesondere  sein  verhalten  wahrend  der 
Hautungen  [41]  18:  233-248,  ill.  Ludwig,  D.  -  -The  effect 
of  different  relative  humidities,  during  the  pupal  stage,  on 
the  reproductive  capacity  of  the  Luna  moth,  Tropaca  luna. 
[Phys.  Zool]  15:  48-60.  'McClung,  C.  E  —  The  tetramite  of 
orthopteran  spermatocytes.  [J.  Morph.]  69:  575-586,  ill. 
Ripley,  Petty  &  van  Heerden. — Further  studies  on  gustatory 
reactions  of  the  wattle  bagworm  (Acanthopsyche  junodi). 
[Union  So.  Africa  Dept.  Agric.  &  For.]  Sci.  Bull.  179: 
20  pp.,  ill.  Russell,  E.  S.  -  -  Biological  adaptedness  and 
specialization  of  instinctive  behaviour.  [Pro.  Linn.  Soc. 
Lond.]  1940:  250-268.  Schrader,  F.  -  -  Heteropycnosis  and 
non-homologous  association  of  chromosomes  in  Edessa 
irrorata.  [J.  Morph.]  69:  587-607,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Barrows  &  Ivie. 

—Some  new  spiders  from  Ohio.  [43]  42:  20-23,  ill.  Cham- 
berlin,  R.  V. — A  new  Oniscodesmid  Diplopod  from  Barro 
Colorado  Id.,  with  notes  on  two  related  forms.  [13]  33: 
57-58,  ill.  Cope,  O.  B.  -  -The  morphology  of  a  species  of 
the  genus  Tetrophthalmus  (Menoponid.).  [117]  6:  71-92, 
ill.  Gertsch  &  Davis.  --  Report  on  a  collection  of  spiders 
from  Mexico.  [40]  No.  1158:  19  pp.,  ill.  Goodnigh,  C.  J.  & 
M.  L. --The  genus  Protolophus  (Phalangida).  [40]  No. 
1157:  7  pp.,  ill.  Gregson,  J.  D. — Two  new  species  of  ticks 
from  British  Columbia.  [4]  73:  220-228,  ill.  Matheson,  R.- 
A  new  species  of  tick,  Ornithoderes  anduzei.  (Ixodoidea, 
Argasidae).  Bol.  Ent.  Venez.  1:  3-5.  McGregor,  E.  A. - 
A  new  spider  mite  from  Virginia  (Tetranychid.).  [10]  43: 
223-225,  ill.  de  Mello-Leitao,  C.— Catalogo  das  Aranhas  da 
Colombia.  [An.  Acacl.  Brasileira  Cien.]  13:  233-300,  ill. 
Notes  on  Peruvian  harvest-spiders.  [An.  Acad.  Brasileira 
Cien.]  13  :  319-322,  ill.  Tragardh,  L— Contributions  towards 
the  comparative  morphology  and  phylogeny  of  the  Meso- 
stigmata  IV.  On  the  Celaenopsidae  and  Euzerconidae.  [28] 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [March,  '42 

62  (3-4) :  169-176,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.  —  Bartlett, 

L.  M. --Iron  fraudator  vs.  Iron  pleuralis.  [4]  73:  218-219, 
ill.  Denning,  D.  G. — The  genus  Grammotaulius  in  North 
America,  with  the  description  of  a  new  species.  (Limne- 
philid.).  [4]  73:  232-235,  ill.  Needham,  J.  G.— Life  history 
notes  on  some  West  Indian  Coenagrionine  dragonflies. 
[Jour.  Agric.  Univ.  Puerto  Rico]  25:  18  pp.,  ill.  Speyer  & 
Parr.  —  The  external  structure  of  some  Thysanopterous 
larvae.  [36]  91 :  559-635,  ill.  Walker,  E.  M.— The  nymph 
of  Aeschna  verticalis.  [4]  73:  229-231,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.  —  da  Costa  Lima,  A.  -  -  Uma  nova 
especie  de  Propedies.  (Cyrtacanthacricl.).  [An.  Acad.  Brasi- 
leira  Cien.]  13:  323-325."  Gurney,  A.  B.— Studies  in  Cuban 
Blattidae.  [Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  89:  11-60,  ill.  (k*). 
Liebermann,  J. — Una  especie  nueva  de  Pseudoscopas  en  la 
Argentina,  P.  hebardi  n.  sp.  Primeros  materiales  Argen- 
tines de  Procolpiae.  [104]  11:  113-118,  ill.  Piran,  A.  A.- 
Catalogo  sistematico  y  zoogeografico  de  Tettigonioideos 
Argentines.  [104]  11:  "119-168,  cent. 

HEMIPTERA.  —  Dahms  &  Osborn.  -  -  Effect  of  certain 
weather  conditions  on  chinch  bug  abundance  at  the  Dry 
Land  Field  Station  of  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  at  Lawton.  Okla.,  1916-40.  [84]  23:  103-106. 
deLong,  D.  M.--A  new  genus  (Omanana)  and  six  new 
species  of  leafhoppers  (Cicadellid.)  from  Mexico.  [Lloydia] 
4:  293-299,  ill.  Doering,  K.  C. --A  contribution  to  the 
taxonomy  of  the  subfam.  Issinae  in  America  north  of 
Mexico  (Fulgorid.).  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  27:  185-233, 
ill.  (*k).  Fennah,  R.  G. — Notes  on  the  flatid  genus  Ormenis 
in  the  British  Lesser  Antilles  and  Trinidad,  with  descrip- 
tions of  new  species  (Fulgoroid.).  [10]  43:  191-210,  ill. 
Froeschner,  R.  C. -- Contributions  to  a  synopsis  of  the 
Hemiptera  of  Missouri.  Part  1.  Scutelleridae,  Podopidae, 
Pentatomidae,  Cydnidae,  Thyreidoridae.  [119]  26:  122-146. 
Harris,  H.  M. — Notes  on  Harmostes,  with  descriptions  of 
some  new  species  (Corizid.).  [91]  32:  27-32.  (s).  Kenaga, 
E  E — The  genus  Telmatometra  (Gerrid.).  [Univ.  Kansas 
Sci.  Bull.]  27:  169-183,  ill.  (*k).  Kullenberg,  B.— Uber  die 
Aufteilung  von  Lygus  pratensis  (L.)  [28]  62  (3-4)  :  177- 
183,  ill.  (Lygaeidae).  Yothers  &  Allen. — Observations  on 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  89 

the  biology  and  control  of  the  treehopper  Heliria  praealta 
in  orchards  of  the  Pacific  Northwest.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.] 
Circ.  606:  12  pp.,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  —  Beall,  G.  -  -The  monarch  butterfly, 
Danaus  archippus.  II.  The  movement  in  southern  Ontario. 
[Canadian  Field-Nat.]  55:  133-137,  ill.  Fletcher,  R.  K.  - 
The  relation  of  moisture  content  of  the  cotton  plant  to 
oviposition  by  Heliothis  armigera  and  to  survival  of  young 
larvae.  [12]  34:  856-858.  Geigy,  R.  &  Zinkernagel,' R. - 
Beobachtungen  beim  Aufbau  einer  technischen  Grosszucht 
der  Klcidermotte  (Tineola  biselliella).  [41]  18:  213-232,  ill. 
Madden,  A.  H. — A  simple  method  of  removing  scales  from 
large  lepidoptera.  [68]  95 :  26.  Riddell,  J. — Some  remark- 
able forms  and  abberrations  in  the  subgenus  Zerene. 
(Pierid.).  [36]  91  :  447-457.  ill.  Tooke,  F.  G.  C.— Investiga- 
tions on  the  biology  of  Euproctis  terminalis,  the  pine  brown 
tail  moth  and  its  control  by  aeroplane  and  ground  dusting. 
[Union  So.  Africa  Dept.  'Agric.  &  For.]  Sci.  Bull.  179: 
48  pp.,  ill.  Waterhouse,  G.  A.-  -The  small  cabbage  white 
butterfly.  [Australian  Mus.  Mag.]  7:  255-256,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — Adler  &  Ber. — Transmission  of  Leishmania 
tropica  by  the  bite  of  Phlebotomus  papatasii.  [31 1  148:  227. 
Anduze,  P.  J. — Lista  provisional  de  los  zancudos  Hemat- 
ofagos  de  Venezuela.  (Dipt.  Culicidae).  Bol.  Ent.  Venez. 
1  :  6-18.  Bequaert,  J. — A  monograph  of  the  Melophaginae, 
or  kedflies,  of  sheep,  goats,  deer  and  antelopes  (Hippo- 
boscidae).  [70]  22:  1-64,  ill.,  cont.  Bouvier,  G. — Quelques 
observations  biologiques  sur  les  Taba  nides.  [41]  18:  280- 
285,  ill.  Fairchild,  G.  B. --Notes  on  Tabanidae  from 
Panama.  III.  The  genus  Chrysops.  [10]  44:  1-8.  ill.  (k). 
Griot,  M. — Reconocimiento  de  las  regiones  infestadas  por 
las  "Moscas  de  la  Fruta"  en  la  Provincia  de  Santa  Fe,  R.  A. 
[104 1  11  :  59-67.  ill.  James,  M.  T.— A  preliminary  study  of 
the  New  World  Geosarginae  (Stratiomyidae).  [Lloydia] 
4:  300-310  (s*k).  Malloch,  J.  R,— Notes  on  two  genera  of 
American  flies  of  the  family  Trypetidae.  [50]  92:  20  pp., 
ill.  (sk*).  Florida  Diptera".  [39]  24:  49-51.  (k).  Stone, 
A. — The  fruitflies  of  the  genus  Anastrepha.  [U.  S.  Dept. 
Agric.]  Misc.  Publ.  439:  112  pp.,  ill.  (ks*).  Vargas,  L. - 
Notas  sobre  la  importancia  sanitaria  de  los  simulidos  y  de 
su  morfologia  interna.  [Rev.  Inst.  Salubrid.  Y  Enferm. 
Trop.]  II.  213-236,  ill. 


90  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  |  March,  '42 

COLEOPTERA.  — Beauline,  J.  -  -  Tnsectes  Coleopteres 
nuisibles  a  certains  feuilles  et  conifers.  |[Nat.  Canad.]  68: 
177-191  or  (3)  12:  Blackman,  M.  W. -- Revision  of  the 
bark  beetles  belonging  to  the  genus  Pseudohylesinus.  [U.  S. 
Dept.  Agric.]  Misc.  Public.  461  :  32  pp.,  ill.  Chagnon,  G.- 
Une  nouvelle  espece  de  Brathinus  pour  le  Quebec,  (Brathi- 
nides).  [98]  68:  274.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Sobre  um  Panto- 
morus  pouco  conhecido  (Curculionicl.).  [An.  Acad.  Brasile- 
ira  Cien.]  13:  301-303,  ill.  Cumpston,  D.  M. — A  summary 
of  certain  aspects  of  the  Scarab  problem,  and  a  contribution 
to  a  bibliography  of  the  family  Scarabaeidae.  [Pro.  Linn. 
Soc.  N.  S.  W.]  66:  33-40.  Dobzhansky,  T.— Beetles  of  the 
genus  Hyperaspis  inhabiting  the  United  States.  [Smiths. 
Misc.  Coll.]  101:  92  pp.,  ill.  Morrison,  F.  O.--  Imported 
carabid  beetle  may  be  a  potential  pest.  [4]  73:  217-218. 
Ogloblin,  A.  A.  -  -  Los  insectos  polenizadores  de  Philo- 
dendron  en  la  gobernacion  de  Misiones.  [Rev.  Argentina 
Zoogeog.]  1 :  33-38.  ill.  Rees,  B.  E. — First-instar  larvae  of 
Buprestis  rusticorum  and  Schizopus  sallei,  with  notes  on 
the  classification  of  Schizopus.  [10]  43:  210-222,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Clark,  J.— Notes  on  the  Argentine 
ant  and  other  exotic  ants  introduced  into  Australia.  [Mem. 
Nat.  Mus.  Melbourne]  No.  12:  59-70,  ill.  Fallis,  A.  M. - 
The  life  cycle  of  Apanteles  carpatus  (Braconid.)  a  parasite 
of  the  webbing  clothes  moth,  Tineola  bisselliella.  [Can. 
Jour.  Res.]  20:  13-19,  ill.  Flanders,  S.  E.— The  sex-ratio 
in  the  Hymenoptera  a  function  of  the  environment.  [84] 
23:  120-121.  Gahan,  A.  B. — A  new  Chalcidoid  parasite  of 
the  vetch  bruchid.  [10]  44:  8-10,  Kalmus,  H.— Defence  of 
source  of  food  by  bees.  [31]  148:  228.  Malaise,  R.  - 
Gattungstabelle  der  Blattwespen  (Hym.  Tenth.)  der  Welt. 
[28]  62  (3-4):  131-140.  Reid,  J.  A."-  -The  thorax  of  the 
wingless  and  short-winged  Hymenoptera.  [36]  91 :  367-446, 
ill.  Ullyett,  G.  C. — The  species  of  Aphidius  as  parasites  of 
aphids  in  South  Africa.  [Union  So.  Africa  Dept.  Agric.  & 
For.]  Sci.  Bull.  178:  28  pp.,  ill.  Wilson,  J.  W.— Biological 
control  of  Diatraea  saccharalis  in  the  Florida  evcrgladrs 
during  1940  and  1941.  [39]  24:  52-57. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.-  A  New  Kntoim. logical  Peri- 
odical. Boletin  de  Entomologia  Yenezolana  I  No.  1. 
Editorial  pp.  1-2,  and  List  of  colaborators  19-24. 


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Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
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I  want  to  collect  Rothschilclia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
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MANUAL  OF  MYIOLOGY  (IN  TWELVE  PARTS 

by  Charles  H.  T.  Townsend 

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hinidae).  1936.  249  pp 
Part  IV.         Oestroid  Classification  and  Habits.   (Dexiidae  and  Exoristidae'  . 

1936.  303  pp. 

Part  V.  Muscoid    Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Glossinini  to  Agriini). 

1937.  232  pp. 

Part  VI.        Muscoid  Generic    Diagnoses  and    Data    (Stephanostomatini    to 

Moriniini).  1938.  242  pp. 
Part  VII.       Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data   (Gymnosomatini  to  Ste- 

nostomatini).  1938.  427  pp. 
Part  VIII.     Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Microtropezini  toVoriini). 

1939.  405  pp. 
Part  IX.         Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Thelairini  to  Clythoini). 

1939.  268  pp. 
Part  X.          Oestroid    Generic    Diagnoses  and  Data     (Anacamptomyiini    to 

Frontinini).  1940.  334  pp. 
Part  XI          Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data   (Goniini  to  Trypoerini). 

330  pp. 
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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOB    SALE    BT 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1085. — Robinson  (M.). — Studies  in  the  Scarabaeidae  of  N.  Am. 

II.   (68:  127-136,  ill.,  1941).  .20 

DIPTERA 

J092. — Fisher  (E.  G.). — Distributional  notes  and  keys  to  Amer- 
ican Ditomyiinae,  Diadocidiinae,  and  Ceroplatinae,  with 
descr.  of  n.  sps.  (Mycetophilidae).  (67:  275-301,  2  pis., 
1941)  60 

1087.— Richards  (A.  G.  Jr.). — Differentiation  betw'een  toxic  and 
suffocating  effects  of  petroleum  oils  on  larvae  of  the 
house  mosquito  (Cules  pipiens).  (67:  161-196,  5  pis., 
1941)  85 

M-10 — Huckett  (H.  C.)- — A  revision  of  the  N.  Am.  sps.  belong- 
ing to  the  gen.  Pegomyia  (Muscidae).  (Mem.  10,  131 
-  pp.,  9  pis.,  1941)  .  3.00 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1091. — Brower  (A.  E.). — A  new  sp.  of  Metalectra  from  eastern 

N.  Am.   (Phalaenidae).  (67:  271-274,  ill.,  1941) 15 

NEUROPTERA 

1084. — Ross    (H.    H.). — Descriptions    and    records    of    N.    Am. 

Trichoptera.  (67:  35-126,  13  pis.,  1941) 2.00 

* 

ODONATA 

1089. — Needham  (J.  G.). — Life  history  studies  on  Progomphus 
and  its  nearest  allies  (Aeschnidae).  (67:  221-245,  ill., 
1  pi.,  1941)  .50 

ORTHOPTERA 

1088. — Hebard  (M.). — The  group  Pterophyllae  as  found  in  the 

U.  S.  (Tettigoniidae).  (67:  197-219,  2  pis.,  1941) 50 

1086. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — On  new  and  previously  known  sps. 

of  Pneumoridae  (Acridoidea).  (67:  137-159,  ill.,  1941)..  .45 

1090. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — Notes  on  and  records  and  descr.  of 
Oriental  bird-locusts  (Acrididae).  (67:  247-270,  2  pis., 
1941)  55 

1083.— Roberts  (H.  R.). — Nomenclature  in  the  Orthoptera  con- 
cerning genotype  designations.  (67:  1-34,  1941) 65 

1093. — Uvarov  (B.  P.). — New  and  less  known  southern  Pala- 

earctic  Orthoptera.  (67:  303-361,  5  pis.,  1942) 1.25 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


- 
f(-v 


U 


.,  . 

APRIL,  1»42 

VS.'  L — 


Vol.  LIII  No.  4 


CONTENTS 

Williams — Unorthodox  and  Abnormal   Structures  of  Lepidoptera    .    .  91 
Westfall — A   List  of  the  Dragonflies  (Odonata)   taken  near  Brevard 

North  Carolina      .    .  94 

Forbes — The  Wing  of  the  Schizopini  (Coleoptera:  Dascillidae)     .    .  101 
Freeman — Notes  on  some  North  American  Hesperiidae  with  the  Des- 
cription of  a  New  Race  of  Polites  verna  (Edwards)   (Lepidop- 
tera: Rhopalocera)      103 

Reinhard — A   New    Species   of   Oedematocera    with    Notes   and    Key 

(Tachinidae,  Diptera) ....                   .            .    .  106 

Bartlett — A  Dehydration  and  Embedding  Schedule  for  Insects    .    .    .  109 

Philip— The  Types  and  Status  of  Chrysops  ceras  (Diptera,  Tabanidae)  110 

Knowlton  and  Fronk — Some  Grass  Aphid  Host  Records  (Homoptera)  112 

Current  Entomological  Literature 115 

Review  of  Lutz's  "A  Lot  of  Insects"    .  119 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  APRIL,  1942  No  4 

Unorthodox  and   Abnormal  Structures  of 
Lepidoptera. 

By  JOSEPH  L.  WILLIAMS,  Lincoln  University,  Pennsylvania. 

During  the  season  of  1941,  while  studying  the  internal  geni- 
talia  of  female  Lepidoptera,  a  number  of  unorthodox  and 
abnormal  structures  were  encountered.  The  abdomens  of 
fresh  females  were  cut  from  the  thorax,  dissected  in  salt  solu- 
tion and  the  reproductive  organs  removed  for  study.  The 
peculiar  structures  were  an  undeveloped  reproductive  system 
of  Plathypena  scabra  Fabr.,  double  posterior  wings  of  Sparga- 
nothis  sulfureana  Clem.,  one  ovary  consisting  of  four  egg-tubes 
and  the  other  three  of  Agrotis  ypsilon  Rott.,  an  unorthodox 
spermatheca  of  Drepanitlatri.r  libcrarki  Wlk.  and  two  pairs  of 
colleterial  glands  of  Utcthcisa  bclla  L.  and  Synchlora  aerata 
Fabr. 

The  female  of  P.  scabra  was  captured  while  flying,  appar- 
ently normal,  around  a  light  in  the  house.  When  dissected 
the  reproductive  organs  appeared  as  follows :  the  egg-tubes 
contained  eggs,  which  were  scarcely  larger  at  the  pedicels  than 
those  at  the  base  of  the  terminal  filaments.  The  specimen  was 
virgin,  since  no  spermatophore  was  in  the  bursal  sac.  She, 
therefore,  was  probably  unable  to  attract  males  in  spite  of  her 
great  activity.  The  volume  of  the  bursa  appeared  smaller 
than  that  of  a  normal  virgin.  The  volume  of  the  spermathecal 
chamber  was  apparently  smaller  than  that  of  a  normal  female. 
Other  characters  of  the  spermatheca  were  normal.  The  ac- 
cessory or  colleterial  gland  vesicles  were  completely  devoid  of 
secretion,  which  is  normally  found  in  these  structures  if  the 
female  is  virgin  or  has  laid  only  a  few  eggs.  No  abdominal 
parasites,  which  would  give  reason  for  this  condition,  were 
found. 

91 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

Two  metathoracic  wings  were  observed  on  the  left  side  and 
the  normal  one  on  the  right  side  of  6".  Sulfur eana.  Unfortun- 
ately this  abnormality  was  destroyed  when  the  abdomen  was 
removed  from  the  thorax.  An  examination  of  the  internal 
genitalia  revealed  them  to  be  normal. 

Four  egg-tubes  normally  compose  the  ovary  of  A.  ypsilon. 
The  eggs  in  the  tubes  of  both  ovaries  were  normal  in  size. 
No  evidence  of  the  fourth  tube  of  the  three-tubed  ovary  was 
indicated.  Other  structures  of  the  genitalia  were  normal.  A 
spermatophore  was  present  in  the  U-shaped  bursa  copulatrix. 
This  abnormality,  therefore,  did  not  prevent  the  female  from 
attracting  males. 

There  are  two  types  of  spermathecae  commonly  found  in 
Lepidoptera.  The  first  type  consists  of  a  chamber  with  the 
spermathecal  gland  extending  from  it.  A  sac  joins  the  lower 
part  of  the  chamber  by  means  of  a  duct.  These  structures  are 
connected  to  the  vagina  by  means  of  the  spermathecal  duct 
(fig.  1).  The  second  type  is  similar  to  the  first  except  for  the 
lack  of  the  sac  (fig.  3).  A  third  type  is  found  in  Drcf>amdatri.\- 
libcraria.  This  differs  from  the  others  as  follows :  the  gland 
(fig.  2,  A)  extends  from  the  chamber  (fig.  2,  B),  which  is 
connected  to  another  chamber  (fig.  2.  C)  by  means  of  a  duct. 
This  duct  (fig.  2,  D)  is  similar  to  the  duct  of  other  Lepidop- 
tera. Another  duct  (fig.  2,  E)  opens  into  the  vestibulum  on 
the  vagina.  This  character  differs  from  the  general  condition, 
since  the  duct  extending  from  the  first  chamber  opens  into  a 
second  instead  of  the  vagina.  The  second  chamber  may  be  a 
specialized  part  of  the  spermathecal  duct.  If  this  be  so  the 
length  of  the  duct,  considering  variations,  in  this  species  is 
longer  than  that  of  other  species.  Inside  of  the  second  cham- 
ber, which  is  somewhat  semi-transparent,  a  six-coiled  structure 
appears  to  be  continuous  with  the  ducts  leading  to  and  from 
it.  It  may  be  suggested  that  these  coils  are  similar  to  those 
generally  found  below  the  first  chamber.  This  could  hardly 
be  true,  since  similar  coils  are  present  below  the  first  chamber 
(fig.  2,  F).  This  type  of  spermatheca  apparently  is  not  con- 
fined to  this  species.  Petersen  demonstrates  a  similar  type 
in  ttembccia  hylaciformis  Lasp.  and  Ncpticula  sp.,  ?,  but  makes 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


93 


H 


...D 


Female  Genitalia  of:  1.  Synchlora  acrata,  2.  Drcpanulatri.r  libcraria, 
3.  I  'trthcisa  bclla. 

A,  Spermatheral  gland ;  B,  Spermathecal  chamber ;  C,  Second  cham- 
ber:  D,  Spermathecal  duct;  !•".,  Second  duct;  F,  Coils  of  Spermathecal 
duct ;  G.  Vagina ;  H,  Median  oviduct ;  I,  Accessory  or  colleterial  gland^  : 
J,  Second  pair  of  colleterial  glands ;  K,  Spermathcca ;  L,  Seminal  duct. 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

no  comment  concerning  them. 

The  last  and  most  interesting  structures  are  colleterial  glands 
behind  the  usual  pair  in  Utethcisa  bdla  and  Synclilora  acrata. 
These  glands  do  not  open  into  the  egg-duct  through  a  common 
duct.  They  open  separately  into  the  egg-duct  on  its  dorsal 
side.  This  differs  from  the  common  colleterial  glands,  since 
they  open  into  the  egg-duct  by  means  of  a  common  duct.  The 
ventral  position  of  these  glands  shown  in  figure  three  of 
U.  bdla  is  because  the  egg-duct  is  lying  on  top  of  them.  Those 
of  S.  acrata  have  vesicles  at  their  bases  (fig.  1).  Similar  struc- 
tures were  in  other  species,  but  the  unorthodox  structures 
were  removed  without  my  being  aware  of  their  significance. 
Some  were  extensively  branched.  All  of  the  branches  led  to 
the  duct  opening  into  the  posterior  part  of  the  egg-duct.  No 
explanation  as  to  their  function  can  be  suggested. 

REFERENCES 

PETERSEN,  W.,  1900.  Beitrage  Zur  Morphologic  cler  Lepi- 
dopteren.  Mem.  Ac.  St.  Petersb.  (8)  IX,  no.  6,  144  pp.,  4  pis. 

WILLIAMS,  J.  L.,  1940.  The  anatomy  of  the  internal  geni- 
talia  and  the  mating  behavior  of  some  Lasiocampid  Moths.  [. 
Morph.  67:  411-437,  2  pis. 


A  List  of  the  Dragonflies  (Odonata)  taken  near 
Brevard,  North  Carolina. 

By  MINTER  J.  WESTFALL,  JR.,  Cornell  University. 
For  the  past  four  summers  I  have  been  a  counsellor  at  Camp 
Carolina,  about  \l/>  miles  from  Brevard,  North  Carolina, 
which  has  an  elevation  of  about  2,300  feet.  During  the  sum- 
mer of  1938  very  little  collecting  of  Odonata  was  done,  but 
during  the  past  three  summers  I  have  taken  quite  a  large 
number  of  specimens.  Some  of  these  were  sent  to  Dr.  J.  G. 
Needham  for  the  Cornell  collection,  others  are  in  the  collec- 
tions at  Ohio  State  University,  the  University  of  Michigan, 
and  Rollins  College,  while  still  others  are  in  my  personal  col- 
lection and  the  collections  of  various  students  of  this  group  of 
insects. 


liii.    '42  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  95 

The  check  list  of  the  insects  of  North  Carolina  which  was 
published  by  Dr.  C.  S.  Brimley  in  1938  with  additional  species 
added  recently  includes  135  species  without  the  further  species 
treated  in  this  paper.  Dr.  Brimley's  list  has  been  very  helpful 
and  we  understand  that  a  list  of  corrections  and  additions  is 
be inj?  compiled  and  may  be  published  prior  to  this  paper. 

After  carefully  checking  my  records  of  North  Carolina 
Odonata  1  find  that  I  have  taken  seven  species  there  which 
were  not  listed  in  Dr.  Brimley's  card  catalog,  although  I  have 
now  sent  him  these  records.  Each  of  these  seven  species  is 
indicated  in  the  following  list  by  an  asterisk.  Also  in  check- 
ing my  records  further  species  appeared  which  might  make  an 
interesting  addition  to  the  literature  for  the  state.  Therefore 
I  have  decided  to  publish  an  annotated  list  of  the  species  col- 
lected, with  comments  where  they  seem  advisable.  Definite 
dates  are  given  where  they  seem  important. 

Considering  the  limited  area  and  time  of  collecting  covered 
by  this  paper  it  seems  remarkable  that  such  a  large  number  of 
species  should  be  taken.  As  a  counsellor  at  camp,  my  activi- 
ties were  restricted  during  July  and  August  of  each  summer 
to  the  camp  property  for  the  most  part.  On  the  grounds  of 
Camp  Carolina  there  is  an  artificial  lake  of  eight  acres  which 
is  fed  by  three  small  mountain  streams  and  several  small 
springs  near  the  lake.  At  one  corner  of  the  lake  there  is  a 
cove  with  a  grassy  edge  and  shallow  water,  into  which  flows 
the  water  from  several  small  springs  and  a  larger  stream. 
Here  we  do  most  of  our  collecting  at  camp.  About  the  middle 
of  September  the  lake  is  drained  and  then  is  not  filled  again 
until  the  next  Spring.  This  lake  will  be  referred  to  as  the 
camp  lake. 

The  boys  at  camp  have  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  dragon- 
flies  and  a  contest  among  them  to  see  who  could  collect  the 
largest  number  of  species  has  been  very  popular.  The  lists 
of  species  collected  are  placed  on  the  front  porch  of  the  nature 
shop  in  the  form  of  a  chart,  and  each  boy  proudly  points  to 
the  list  of  scientific  names  accredited  to  his  collection.  One 
of  the  boys,  Bill  Thomson,  in  1941  was  successful  in  netting 
49  species.  It  is  surprising  how  well  the  boys  learn  the  scien- 


96  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

tific  names  and  identify  the  specimens  with  the  aid  of  a  named 
collection  on  display,  as  well  as  the  keys  and  books  which  are 
available.  This  plan  might  be  adopted  with  success  by  other 
nature  counsellors  and  more  information  would  be  furnished 
on  request. 

Besides  the  collecting  on  the  camp  lake,  several  trips  were 
made  each  summer  to  other  lakes  near  Hendersonville  and 
also  to  a  few  rivers.  It  is  hoped  that  with  more  of  these  trips 
still  other  species  may  be  added. 

Four  of  these  collecting  localities  deserve  special  mention 
to  make  the  annotated  list  better  understood.  Lake  Osceola 
is  located  about  two  miles  southwest  of  Hendersonville.  It 
is  about  three-fourths  to  a  mile  in  length  and  about  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  wide.  At  one  end  there  are  several  shallow  coves 
with  lily  pads  and  reeds  growing  there.  It  is  around  the  upper 
end  where  several  streams  enter  that  one  finds  the  best  collect- 
ing. 

Lake  Kanuga  is  a  medium  sized  lake,  somewhat  larger  than 
the  camp  lake,  and  is  artificially  made  as  are  most  of  the  small 
lakes  of  this  region.  It  is  about  six  miles  southwest  of  Hen- 
dersonville. The  upper  end  is  quite  marshy  and  is  an  ideal 
collecting  spot  if  one  doesn't  mind  wading  in  mud  and  water. 

On  the  French  Broad  River  from  Pisgah  Forest  to  Long 
Shoals,  a  distance  of  about  forty  miles,  I  have  seen  a  large 
number  of  dragonrlies,  but  have  collected  few  of  them  since 
we  were  on  the  camp  canoe  trip  almost  every  time  and  could 
not  stop.  Various  strange  Gomphines,  quite  a  few  Macromias, 
and  others  have  been  seen  there.  The  river  varies  in  width 
from  perhaps  fifty  feet  to  three-fourths  of  a  mile  near  Long 
Shoals.  In  some  places  it  is  quite  shallow  and  rocky,  while 
again  it  is  deeper  and  fallen  trees  and  brush  are  piled  up  here 
and  there. 

The  Davidson  River  in  Pisgah  National  Forest  is  a  shal- 
low, rocky  stream  in  which  the  water  is  usually  clear  and  cold. 
While  the  dragonfly  population  along  the  part  of  the  stream 
studied  was  not  so  large,  it  contained  a  few  interesting  species. 
A  similar  river,  but  one  which  is  usually  deeper,  narrower, 
and  which  runs  through  slightly  lower  country,  is  the  Little 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  97 

River  which  is  also  near  Brevard.     I  collected  some  there  also 
in   1941. 

The  Odonata  in  general  seemed  more  abundant  during  the 
summer  of  1941  than  during  any  of  the  preceding  three  sum- 
mers. Unusually  common  were  Tachopteryx  thoreyi,  Ana.v 
jnnhts,  Tnnnca  laccrata,  Chrojiiayrion  conditum,  and  Emilia  (j- 
liiti  civile.  Other  insects  including  gnats,  mosquitos,  and  sweat 
bees  were  unusually  abundant.  It  has  been  postulated  that 
the  exceptionally  warm  weather  might  have  had  some  bearing 
on  this  situation. 

The  annotated  list  of  eighty  species  collected  to  date  follows. 
Specimens  about  which  there  was  any  doubt  as  to  the  identity 
have  been  checked  carefully  by  Mrs.  Leonora  K.  Gloyd,  and 
Dr.  J.  G.  Needham.  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert  has  also  kindly  checked 
several  species  for  me.  At  various  times  sight  records  have 
been  made  of  Odonata  not  in  this  list,  but  they  are  omitted 
until  specimens  are  obtained.  All  collections  mentioned  were 
of  adults  unless  otherwise  stated. 

1.  TACHOPTERYX      THOREYI      (Hagen).        Not     uncommon 
around  camp  lake  and  in  Pisgah  Forest  from  June  to  August. 
This  has  been  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  the  Odonata  at 
camp.     I  shall  never  forget  the  first  specimen  collected.     One 
had  previously  been  seen  in   Pisgah   Forest  but  was  not  col- 
lected.     Then   on   one   occasion    while    I    was    walking   around 
the  camp  lake,   something  suddenly  lit  on  my   shirt.     To  see 
such  a  large  dragonfly  as  Tachoptcry.v  there  was  really  a  sur- 
prise, but  before  anything  could  be  done  about  it  he  was  gone. 
Some  time  later  when  he  had  been  given  up  as  lost,  I  happened 
to  notice  him  perched  on  the  rim  of   my  net.     Of  course  he 
was  soon  in  the  cyanide  bottle.     We  have  also  caught  them 
from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  by  first  touching  the  abdomen  so  the 
net  may  be  slipped  under  it  as  has  been  described  by  William- 
son.    Also  we  have  picked  them   from   such  places  by  hand, 
first  pinning  the  wings  to  the  tree  or  post  with  the  fingers. 
Once  a  specimen  flew  down  into  the  net,  and  again  when  one 
lit  on  the  outside  a  quick  stroke  inverted  the  net  before  the 
big  fellow  had  time  to  leave.     We  have  watched  the  boys  at 


98  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

camp  go  through  similar  experiences  as  our  own  and  occa- 
sionally they  come  running  in  to  tell  of  a  large  dragonfly  which 
was  so  friendly.  One  boy  when  I  told  him  a  Tachopteryx  was 
on  his  head,  hesitated  for  a  second  or  two  and  then  suddenly 
threw  his  net  over  his  head,  trapping  the  dragonfly.  At  least 
35  specimens  were  taken  and  many  more  seen  from  June  14 
to  August  18,  1941. 

2.  PROGOMPHUS  OBSCURUS  (Rambur).     One  male  was  taken 
on  the  sandy  shore  of  a  small  stream  leading  into  Lake  Osceola 
on  June  15,  1941.     Another  was  taken  on  the  sandy  shore  of 
Lake  Kanuga  on  June  17,  1941,  while  one  seen  on  the  Little 
River,  June  20,  1941,  was  too  alert  to  catch. 

3.  HAGENIUS  BREVISTYLUS  Selys.    Occasional  on  the  French 
Broad  and  Davidson  Rivers,  and  at  camp  lake  from  June  to 
August. 

*4.  GOMPHUS  (ARIGOMPHUS)  VILLOSIPES  Selys.  The  one 
common  Gomphine  on  the  lakes  in  June,  although  only  one 
female  has  been  taken.  At  each  of  the  lakes  mentioned  males 
of  this  species  were  often  found  alighting  on  floating  vegeta- 
tion and  were  easy  to  collect.  In  June  of  1941  only  a  few 
were  seen. 

5.  GOMPHUS    LIVIDUS    Selys.      Occasional    specimens    taken 
near  camp  lake  in  June.  One  male  collected  on  small  stream 
leading  into  Lake  Osceola,  June  15,  1941. 

6.  G.   PARVIDENS   Currie.     The   males  of  this   species   were 
found  commonly  along  the  French  Broad  River,  June  18,  1941, 
when   14  were  collected.      11   males  were  taken  on  the  Little 
River,  nearby,  on  June  20.     This  species,  unlike  most  Gom- 
phines  I  have  collected,  was  almost  always  seen  perched  sev- 
eral feet  above  the  water  on  the  leaves  of  some  shrub.     Espe- 
cially were  they  found  commonly  near  where  there  were  rapids 
and  it   was  the   hardest  to  manipulate  the  canoe   in  catching 
them.     They  were  not  particularly  wary  and  could  be  closely 
approached  without  too  much  caution.     Sometimes  they  alighted 
on  logs  or  stones  near  the  shore,  and  almost  always  spent  more 
time  at  rest  than  in  flight. 

*7.  G.    (STYLURUS)    LAURAE  Williamson.      Five   specimens 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  99 

taken;  others  seen  several  times  on  the  French  Broad  River. 
A  female  was  taken  at  the  camp  lake,  July  16,  1939.  A  male 
from  the  same  place,  August  9,  was  identified  by  Dr.  Needham. 
Another  male  was  taken  on  the  French  Broad  River,  Septem- 
ber 7,  1940,  and  was  identified  by  Dr.  Calvert.  One  female, 
French  Broad  River,  July  28,  1941,  and  another  from  the 
Little  River,  August  4,  1941. 

8  G.  (SxvLURUs)  PLAGIATUS  Selys.  One  male  was  taken 
on  French  Broad  River,  August  29,  1941,  and  others  were 
seen  at  that  time. 

9.  G.  (STYLURUS)  SPINICEPS  Walsh.     A  male  was  taken  on 
the  French  Broad  River,  August  27,  1941,  and  two  more  males 
were  collected   there   on   August   29.      A   mature   nymph   was 
taken  on  the  same  river,  July  29,   1941. 

10.  DROMOGOMPHUS  SPINOSUS  Selys.     One  male  of  this  spe- 
cies was  taken  at  Lake  Osceola  on  June  18,  1940. 

11.  LANTHUS  ALBISTYLUS  (Hagen).     About  six  males  were 
taken   on   the   Davidson   River.   June  20,    1939,  as  they  lit  on 
rocks   in  the  center   of   the   stream.     One   female  was   found 
just  emerging  on  the  sandy  bank  of  the  river  and  was  collected 
with  the  cast  skin.     Two  males  were  taken  and  others  seen  at 
the  same  place  on  August  3,  1941,  while  a  female  was  collected 
on  August  17. 

12.  L.  PARVULUS   (Selys).     A  single  male  was  taken  along 
a  spring-fed  ditch  near  camp  lake  on  June   12,   1941.     Many 
nymphs  were  found  there  the  last  of  August. 

13.  BOYERIA  VINOSA    (Say).     Quite  common  on  the  rivers 
and  a  few  taken  on  streams  near  camp  lake  during  July  and 
August. 

14.  ANAX    LONGIPES    Hagen.      A    few    specimens    taken    at 
camp  lake  in  July.     I  now  note  one  male  and  one  female  col- 
lected July  12,  1931.  A  specimen  was  also  seen  at  Lake  Kanuga 
June  13,  1940. 

15.  A.    JUMUS    (Drury).      Quite    common.      Abundant    in 
1941.     Many  nymphs  taken  in  camp  lake. 

16.  KPIAESCHNA    HEROS     (Fabricius).      Rare.      One    dead 
specimen  picked  up  at  camp  lake,  June  30,  1939. 


100  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '42 

*17.  AESCHNA  VERTICALIS  Hagen.  Four  males  collected  in 
marsh  at  Lake  Kanuga  on  August  28,  1939.  Quite  a  few- 
others  were  seen. 

18.  AE.    UMBROSA    Walker.      About    eight    specimens    taken 
during  August  and  September  of  1940  at  the  camp  lake.     Fly- 
ing both  during  the  day  and  at  dusk.      None  of   this   species 
was  collected  in  other  years. 

19.  CORDULEGASTER    DiASTATOPS     (Selys).       Occasional     at 
camp  lake  during  June  and  early  July.     One  female  was  taken 
while  ovipositing  in  a  very  small   stream  near  the  camp   lake 
on  June  12,  1941,  at  about  7:15  P.  M. 

20.  C.    ERRONEUS    Hagen.      Quite    common    for    about    two 
weeks  in  August  near  the  camp  lake.     They  are  easily  collected 
as  they  slowly  fly  up  and  down  a  couple  of  ditches  leading  into 
the  lake.     This  definite  habit  of  patrolling  the  ditches  has  not 
been  noticed  as  much  with  C.  diastafops.    On  August  15,  1941, 
a  female  was  seen  flying  slowly  along  a  small  spring- fed  ditch 
about  75  yds.  from  the  lake.     She  hovered  here  and  there  to 
deposit  her  eggs  by  dipping  her  abdomen  into  the  shallow  wa- 
ter.    We  began  to  dig  around  in  the  sand  and  debris  of  the 
bottom  and  soon  found  several  nymphs  of  Cordnlcgasicr.  With 
further  sifting  the  smaller  ones  were  found  to  be  common  al- 
most all  the  way  to  the  lake. 

21.  MACROMIA  GEORGINA    (Selys).     One  male  collected  at 
camp  lake,  August  4,  1939,  and  verified  by  Dr.  Needham.  An- 
other taken  at  the  same  place  on  August  18,  1940,  was  at  first 
thought  by  Mrs.  Gloyd  to  be  M.  alleghaniensis,  but  after  di- 
rect comparison   with   specimens   in   the   Williamson  collection 
she  decided  it  was  this  species. 

22.  M.  ALLEGHANIENSIS  \Villiamson.     Nine  males  and  one 
female  taken  on  the  Little  River  near  Brevard,  June  20,  1941. 
seem  to  combine  some  of  what  were  thought  to  be  the  distin- 
guishing characteristics  of  this  and  the  following  species  into 
one.     There  is   therefore   some  doubt   as  to  the  identity,   but 
since  more  of  the  characters  according  to  Williamson's  paper 
of  1908  seem  to  point  to  this  species  I  am  for  the  present  plac- 
ing them  here.     With  more  study  there  will  probably  be  some 
changes  made  in  specimens  referred  to  these  three  species. 

(To  be  continued) 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


101 


The  Wing  of  the  Schizopini  (Coleoptera :  Dascillidae). 

By  WM.  T.  M.  FORBES,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
Schisopus,  with  its  closely  related  genera,  Dystaxia  and 
Glyptoscelimorpha,  has  been  generally  placed  in  the  Bupres- 
tidae,  as  a  mere  tribe,  though  Good  in  1925  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc. 
Am.  18:  271)  rejected  them  from  the  family,  and  published 
the  venations  of  all  three  genera  in  comparison  with  that  of 
Dascillus  (figs.  42,  43,  48,  vs.  41).  More  recently  I  have  ex- 
amined the  wing  folding  of  Schisopus  (figure)  and  find  that 
it,  like  the  venation,  is  of  a  different  type  from  any  of  the 
Buprestidae,  and  like  that  of  Dascillus  (Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc. 
34,  fig.  61,  1926).  In  particular  both  Dascillus  and  Schizopus 
have  a  normal  hinge  system  at  the  end  of  the  "cell",  which  is 
lacking  in  even  the  most  complexly  folded  Buprestidae  (Good, 
figs.  36,  44). 


SchiT.opu.Si 


Wing-venation  and  folding  of  Schizotnis  laetits.  The  symbols  and 
conventions  are  as  in  my  major  paper  on  the  wing-folding — Jour.  N.  Y. 
Ent.  Soc.  34:  42-139  with  pis.  7-18. 

On  the  more  conventional  characters, — the  fusion  of  the 
first  two  ventral  segments  of  the  abdomen  and  the  spherical 
fore  coxae,  Schizopits  goes  correctly  enough  with  the  Buprrs- 
tidae.  but  there  are  several  other  external  points  of  likeness 
between  Schisopus  and  Dascillus:  the  cleft  last  membranous 
lobe  of  the  tarsi  and  the  very  wide  side  piece  of  the  metaster- 
num  which  are  the  traditional  tribal  characters  of  the  Schizo- 


102  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

pini  are  both  shared  by  Dascillus  and  by  no  other  Buprestidae 
examined.  And  another  character  is  the  dorsum  of  the  abdo- 
men; in  all  true  Buprestidae  examined  it  is  heavily  chitinized 
and  punctate,  like  any  proper  external  surface  of  the  body;— 
in  Dascillus  and  Schizopus  it  is  smooth,  glossy  and  lightly 
chitinized,  though  heavier  than  in  most  beetles,  and  the  setiger- 
ous  punctures  are  confined  to  a  narrow  posterior  band  on  each 
segment.  This  last  is.  I  believe,  an  important  character,  for 
it  separates  the  Buprestidae  from  practically  all  the  rest  of 
the  Coleoptera. 

As  to  the  ventral  process  of  the  prosternum,  used  by  Brad- 
ley for  his  key  character,  it  is  present  in  Dascillus  as  well  as 
Schizopus  and  the  Buprestidae,  though  not  quite  as  well  fitted 
into  the  mesosternum  ;  in  Anonts,  the  only  other  Dascillid  at 
hand  which  is  really  closely  related,  the  spine  is  still  looser. 

Another  group  with  the  same  venation  and  folding  is  the 
true  Rhipiceridae  (with  Sandal  us  as  well  as  Rhipiccra1).  The 
connection  with  Dascillus  is  close,  the  main  difference  being 

o 

the  presence  of  an  empodium ;  the  prosternal  spine  is  reduced, 
more  like  Anorus  than  even  Dascillus,  but  the  lateral  piece  of 
the  metasternum  is  enormous,  even  wider  than  in  Schizopits. 

In  sum  I  propose  to  transfer  the  Schizopim  from  the  Bu- 
prestidae to  the  Dascillidae,  where  they  will  be  tribally  distin- 
guished by  the  ankylosed  first  two  ventral  segments  and  much 
narrower  prosternum,  the  latter  character  carrying  with  it  a 
practically  spherical  fore  coxa. 

Postscript:  Since  this  article  was  sent  to  the  NEWS,  Bryant 
E.  Rees  has  published  the  first  stage  larva  in  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
Wash,  xliii,  210-222,  1941.  His  conclusion  is  that  the  Schizo- 
pini  form  a  distinct  family, — Schizopodidae  of  Leconte,  1859. 


1  Craighead  has  slipped  up  in  forming  the  family  Sandalidae,  as  I 
believe,  for  Sandalus  is  certainly  very  close  to  Rhipiccra,  even  having 
the  same  striking  sexual  dimorphism.  The  aberrant  form  which  should 
have  had  a  family  name,  was  Callirhipis,  though  if  one  defines  families 
very  broadly  it  could  perhaps  enter  the  Elateridae  along  with  Zcnoa. 


Hii.    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  103 

Notes   on  some  North  American  Hesperiidae   with 

the   Description  of  a  New   Race   of  Polites  verna 

(Edwards)  (Lepidoptera,  Rhopalocera), 

By  H.  A.  FREEMAN,  White  Deer,  Texas. 

All  the  localities  mentioned  below  are  in  Texas  unless  other- 
wise stated. 

ERYNNIS  BURGESSI  (Skinner).  1  $  ,  March  3,  1938,  Dallas; 
\$,  April  7,  1940,  and  299,  March  31,  1941,  Cedar  Hill, 
Dallas  County.  These  four  specimens  appear  to  be  the  first 
of  this  species  taken  in  Texas ;  previously  the  known  range  of 
this  species  was  Utah,  Mexico,  Arizona,  Xew  Mexico  and 
Colorado.  The  determination  of  these  specimens  was  made  by 
a  study  of  the  genitalia  of  the  males. 

ERYNNIS  BAPTISIAE  (Forbes).  299,  April  19,  1941,  19, 
April  20,  1941,  2$  $,  19,  May  31,  1941,  Lancaster;  299, 
August  22,  1940,  Vickery;  1  9,  March  15,  1938,  Dallas. 

As  far  as  I  am  able  to  gather  the  above  records  are  the  only 
ones  for  this  species  in  Texas.  Mr.  E.  L.  Bell  examined  the 
genitalia  and  informed  me  that  the  details  appear  to  be  those 
of  this  species.  It  was  interesting  to  note  that  there  were  no 
species  of  Baptisia  growing  in  any  of  the  localities  where  these 
specimens  were  taken. 

HESPERIA  UNCAS  Edwards.  3  $  $  ,  August  18,  1941,  3  $  $  , 
and  1  9  ,  August  21.  1941,  20  miles  north  of  White  Deer,  Car- 
son County;  2$  $  ,  August  30,  1941,  1  9  ,  September  4,  1941, 
White  Deer. 

As  far  as  I  am  able  to  ascertain  this  species  has  never  been 
recorded  from  Texas  previously.  In  addition  to  the  ten  speci- 
mens caught  several  others  were  seen,  so  this  species  must  be 
native  to  this  part  of  the  Panhandle. 

HESPERIA  MESKEI  (Edwards).  19,  June  30,  1930.  Xorth 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas.  19,  August  22,  1933,  Hope  Hill 
Farm,  Faulkner  County,  Arkansas.  Arkansas  can  now  be  in- 
cluded in  the  range  of  this  rather  rare  species.  From  the  dates 
of  the  two  specimens  this  species  must  be  double  brooded  there. 


104  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '42 

Polites  verna  sequoyah  n.  ssp. 

This  new  race  differs  from  typical  verna  (Edwards)  in  the 
following  particulars :  smaller  in  size,  mounted  males  average 
26  mm.,  females  27  mm.,  whereas  typical  verna  males  average 
29  mm.  and  the  females  33  mm.  The  spot  at  the  end  of  the 
cell  of  the  primaries  of  verna  is  usually  prominent,  while  in 
scquoyaJi  it  is  absent  or  else  very  faintly  indicated.  All  the 
other  spots  present  in  verna  are  smaller  in  proportion  in  sequo- 
yah. On  the  under  side  the  coloration  is  a  warmer  brown  than 
verna  and  there  are  fewer  fulvous  hairs  toward  the  base  of  the 
secondaries.  These  hairs  in  verna-  give  the  specimen  a  yellow- 
ish cast,  while  in  sequoyah  the  coloration  of  that  part  of  the 
wings  is  darker.  On  the  under  side  of  the  primaries  of  sequo- 
yah there  is  less  fulvous  overscaling  and  the  general  coloration 
is  darker.  On  the  under  side  of  the  secondaries  the  violet 
reflection  present  in  some  specimens  of  verna  is  more  pro- 
nounced in  sequoyah  and  the  general  coloration  is  a  warmer 
brown,  produced  by  a  number  of  reddish,  metallic  scales.  The 
faint  indication  of  spots  present  in  verna  is  slightly  better 
defined  in  sequoyah,  especially  toward  the  lower  part  of  the 
wings. 

Specimens  of  this  new  southern  race  were  compared  with 
typical  verna  from  Rhode  Island,  Ohio,  and  New  York.  Fol- 
lowing the  example  of  previous  authors  in  this  genus,  this  new 
race  is  named  in  honor  of  Sequoyah,  the  Cherokee  Indian 
Chief. 

Described  from  sixteen  specimens,  eleven  males  and  five 
females,  collected  at  Hope  Hill  Farm,  Faulkner  County, 
ARKANSAS  and  Little  Rock,  Arkansas  by  the  author  during 
May  and  July  of  1933,  1940,  and  1941. 

Holotypc  $  and  allotype  9  are  in  the  collection  of  the  au- 
thor. Paratypes,  ten  $  $  and  four  9  9  ,  will  be  disposed  as 
follows :  one  pair  to  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
New  York,  New  York ;  one  pair  to  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania ;  one  pair  to  the  United 
States  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  one  $  to  the 
collection  of  Mr.  Cyril  F.  dos  Passes,  Mendham,  New  Jersey: 
one  $  to  the  collection  of  Mr.  Otto  Buchholz,  Roselle  Park, 
New  Jersey ;  one  $  to  the  collection  of  Mr.  Don  B.  Stallings 
and  Dr.  J.  E.  Turner,  Caldwell,  Kansas ;  and  one  $  to  the  col- 
lection of  Mr.  Lowell  Hulbirt,  Glendora,  California.  The 


llii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  105 

other  four  paratypes  will  remain  for  the  present  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  author. 

ATRYTONE  DION  race  ALABAMAE  Linclsey.  1  9  ,  June  10, 
1941,  Lancaster. 

Since  recording  the  occurrence  of  this  race  in  Arkansas  in 
"Field  and  Laboratory,  January,  1941,  Vol.  IX,  No.  1,  P.  29" 
a  female  of  this  race  was  taken  by  the  author  on  thistles  near 
Lancaster,  Texas.  This  is  the  first  time  this  race  or  the  spe- 
cies has  been  seen  in  Texas. 

ATRYTONE  DUKESI  Linclsey.  1  $  ,  July  10,  1940,  Sylvania, 
Ohio  (Donald  Eff,  Coll.). 

The  above  specimen,  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  Donald  Efif,  is  the 
only  record  of  this  species  having  been  taken  in  Ohio. 

AMBLYSCIRTES  BELLI  Freeman.  1  $  ,  July  25,  1941,  Checa- 
toh,  Oklahoma.  1  $  ,  July  5,  1941,  North  Little  Rock,  Arkan- 
sas (Dr.  J.  E.  Turner,  coll.).  11  $  $  ,  and  899,  July  20-23, 
1941,  Little  Rock  Arkansas.  1  $  ,  July  25,  1929,  Willard,  Mis- 
souri (Dr.  A.  E.  Brower,  coll.). 

Dr.  A.  E.  Brower  recorded  the  capture  of  a  specimen  of 
Amblyscirtes  cclia  Skinner  at  Willard,  Missouri  "Entomo- 
logical News,  xli,  '30,  P.  289".  After  collecting  belli  in  Ar- 
kansas and  Oklahoma  I  wrote  Dr.  Brower  asking  about  the 
specimen  he  recorded  as  celia.  He  very  kindly  sent  the  speci- 
men to  me  for  examination  and  it  turned  out  to  be  a  $  belli. 
Until  1941  I  had  seen  belli  only  from  the  type  localities  of 
Lancaster  and  Vickery,  Dallas  County,  Texas,  so  from  the 
above  data  this  species  has  a  much  more  extensive  range  than 
was  previously  thought. 

LERODEA  TRIPUNCTUS  (Herrich-Schaeffer).  1  $  ,  August 
18,  1939,  Brickell  Hammock,  Miami,  Florida;  19,  Septem- 
ber 6,  1939,  Miami,  Florida;  \$,  June  20,  1937.  Miami. 
Florida  ( in  the  collection  of  A.  C.  Frederick,  Albany,  New- 
York)  ;  all  three  specimens  collected  by  F.  N.  Young. 

Dr.  J.  McDunnough  in  his  "Check  List  of  the  Lepidoptera 
of  Canada  and  the  United  States  of  America"  (1938,  Memoirs 
Southern  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  1,  p.  35)  pre- 
ceded this  species  by  an  asterisk  indicating  that  it  is  of  doubt- 
ful North  American  occurrence.  From  the  data  contained 


106  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

on  the  three  specimens  above,  two  of  which  were  sent  to  me 
by  Mr.  A.  C.  Frederick,  Albany,  New  York,  and  the  third 
contained  in  his  collection,  any  doubt  as  to  the  occurrence  of 
this  species  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  should  now 
be  removed. 


A    New  Species  of  Oedematocera  with  Notes   and 
key  (Tachinidae,  Diptera)1. 

By  H.  J.  REIN  HARD,  College  Station,  Texas. 

The  relationships  of  this  genus  were  discussed  by  Aldrich 
in  1928  (Ent.  News,  39:  301-4).  In  this  reference  it  is 
pointed  out  that  Townsend's  ScJiistoccrcopJiaga,  proposed  for 
Oedematocera  dampfi  Aid.,  is  characterized  largely  in  the  form 
of  a  comparison  with  Hypophorinia.  Aldrich  cited  at  least 
five  important  characters  which  show  that  these  genera  differ 
widely  from  each  other  and  are  not  members  of  even  the  same 
tribe.  Subsequently  Townsend  placed  Scliistoccrcopliaga  in 
the  tribe  Hyperecteinini,  along  with  Oedematocera,  far  re- 
moved from  Hypophorinia  in  the  tribe  Phoriniini.  In  the 
latest  key  to  Hyperecteinini  (Townsend,  Manual  of  Myiology, 
Part  IV:  162)  the  two  supposed  genera  trace  to  the  same 
couplet  and  are  separated  on  the  difference  of  one  frontal 
bristle  beneath  the  base  of  the  antennae  and  some  variation  in 
the  length  of  the  third  antennal  segment  in  the  male  sex. 
Neither  these  characters  nor  any  listed  in  the  recent  generic 
diagnoses  (loc.  cit.,  Part  X:  310,  313-14)  show  outstanding  dif- 
ferences common  to  both  sexes  and  apparently  Scliistocercoplni- 
ya  is  superfluous,  as  Aldrich  has  already  pointed  out.  The  fol- 
lowing key  will  assist  in  distinguishing  the  species  of  Ocde- 
matocera,  including  one  new,  described  below. 

1  Contribution  No.  707,  Division  of  Entomology,  Texas  Agricutural 
Experiment  Station. 


liii,    '42  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  107 

KEY  TO  SPECIES  OE  OEDEMATOCERA. 

1.  Abdomen  black  or  at  least  with  distinct  dark  markings     2. 
Abdomen  wholly  yellow ;  pleura  pale  pilose ;  proster- 

mun  bare ;  antennae  and  aristae  very  long ; 
male  without  orbitals  and  with  facial  ridges 
strongly  bulged  or  convex  in  profile  ( Ohio, 
North  Carolina  to  New  England)  .  .flavcola  Coq. 

2.  Prosternum   setose  or  bristled    3. 

Prosternum  bare    4. 

3.  Scutellum  and  abdomen  wholly  black ;  third  antennal 

segment  3  to  4  times  longer  than  second ;  arista 
thickened  hardly  to  middle  ( Texas  and  Georgia 

to  New  England)    gihipcs  Coq. 

Scutellum  and  abdomen  largely  reddish  yellow ;  third 
antennal  segment  5  to  6  times  longer  than  sec- 
ond; arista  thickened  on  proximal  three-fifths 
(New  York)  opt  at  a,  n.  sp. 

4.  Thorax  with  two  broad  well  defined  blackish  stripes ; 

cheek  about  one-eighth  eye  height ;  first  ab- 
dominal segment  without  median  marginals, 

female  only  (Panama)    striata  Aid. 

Thorax  with  four  narrow  indistinct  brownish  stripes ; 
cheek  nearly  one-third  eye  height ;  first  abdo- 
minal segment  with  a  pair  of  median  margin- 
als (Mexico)  dampfi  Aid. 

Oedematocera  optata  n.  sp. 

$  .  Front  at  vertex  0.32  of  head  width,  widening  gradually 
downward  to  antennal  base ;  paraf  rental  gray  pollinose,  wider 
than  the  reddish  brown  middle  stripe ;  verticals  two  pairs  but 
the  outer  much  smaller  than  inner  ones  j^frontals  in  a  single 
row  which  hardly  diverges  anteriorly,  two  lowermost  bristles 
beneath  base  of  antennae;  orbitals  two  proclinate  pairs;  ocel- 
lars  proclinate  and  divaricate;  face  very  deeply  impressed,  its 
lateral  ridges  nearly  vertical  and  weakly  bristled  on  lowest 
fourth;  parafacial  subsilvery,  bare,  narrowed  downward  to 
less  than  one-half  width  of  third  antennal  segment ;  vibrissae 
strong,  decussate,  on  oral  margin ;  epistoma  nearly  as  wide 
as  clypeus  and  in  plane  of  same;  antennae  as  long  as  face, 
reddisli  yellow  with  third  segment  slightly  darker,  latter  five 
or  six  times  longer  than  second  segment:  arista  finely  pube- 
scent, thickened  on  basal  three-fifths  which  is  reddish  yellow. 
proximal  segments  short  but  distinct  ;  cheek  gray  pollinose, 
nearly  bare  or  with  a  few  pale  hairs  along  lower  edge,  about 
one-fifth  eye-height;  eves  bare;  proboscis  short,  labella  large, 
pale  yellow;  palpi  slightly  thickened  apically,  yellow;  back  of 
head  flattened,  gray  pollinose,  sparsely  clothed  with  short  pale 
hairs. 


H'S  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

Thorax  blackish,  gray  pollinose,  with  four  dark  dorsal 
stripes,  outer  ones  broadly  interrupted  at  suture  and  reduced 
to  a  triangular  spot  in  front ;  scutellum  reddish  yellow  in 
ground  color  beyond  basal  margin  above.  Chaetotaxy :  acro- 
stichal  2,  3 ;  dorsocentral  3,  3 ;  intraalar  3 ;  supraalar  3 ;  pre- 
sutural  2 ;  notopleural  2 ;  posthumeral  2 ;  humeral  3 ;  postalar 
2;  pteropleural  1  (small);  sternopleural  3  (lower  front  one 
small)  ;  scutellum  with  3  lateral,  1  small  divergent  apical  and 
1  depressed  subdiscal  pair;  sides  of  postnotum  beneath  calyp- 
ters  bare ;  prosternum  with  a  single  minute  hair  at  each  side ; 
propleura  bare ;  calypters  opaque,  whitish  with  a  faint  tawny 
tinge. 

Abdomen  reddish  yellow  with  a  black  median  vitta  above 
which  widens  behind  to  include  posterior  margin  of  third  seg- 
ment and  all  of  fourth,  entire  upper  surface  lightly  dusted 
with  pale  yellowish  gray  patternless  pollen ;  basal  segments 
each  with  one  pair  of  median  marginal  bristles ;  intermediate 
segments  with  a  pair  of  discal  bristles  besides  a  marginal  row 
on  third ;  anal  segment  with  a  discal  and  a  marginal  row ;  geni- 
talia  reddish  yellow,  retracted ;  inner  forceps  moderately  stout, 
divided  and  slightly  divergent  apically ;  outer  forceps  finger- 
like,  narrower  in  profile  than  inner  ones  but  nearly  as  long ; 
fifth  sternite  wholly  reddish  yellow,  with  a  rather  shallow  U- 
shaped  apical  incision,  lobes  sparsely  beset  with  fine  black  hairs. 

Legs  reddish  yellow  with  tarsi  dark  brown  to  blackish ;  hind 
tibiae  not  ciliated ;  claws  and  pulvilli  short. 

Wings  gray  hyaline  with  a  faint  tawny  tinge  near  base  and 
on  costal  margin ;  first  vein  bare,  third  with  two  hairs  near 
bnse ;  fourth  vein  with  a  broad,  even,  stumpless  bend ;  first 
posterior  cell  narrowly  open  shortly  before  exact  wing  tip ; 
hind  cross  vein  a  triple  nearer  bend  than  small  cross  vein ;  last 
section  of  fifth  vein  hardly  two-fifths  length  of  preceding  sec- 
tion ;  costal  spine  vestigial. 

9. — Front  at  vertex  0.36  of  head-width  in  one  specimen; 
third  antennal  segment  narrower  and  paler  than  in  male ;  two 
sternopleurals ;  abdomen  largely  blackish  above ;  genitalia  re- 
tracted, not  adapted  for  piercing ;  otherwise  very  similar  to 
male. 

Length :  6-7  mm. 

Holotype:  Male.  :<NEW  YORK,  July  S.  1935".  Allotypc, 
female,  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  Long  island.  New  York,  August 
20,  1927  (H.  C.  Hallock).  The  latter  specimen,  donated  by 
H.  C.  Hallock,  bears  an  Aldrich  determination  label,  "Ocdc- 
vidtoccra  flmfcola  Coq."  There  appears  little  doubt  that  this 
is  the  opposite  sex  of  the  male  described  above.  The  presence 
of  orbitals  in  the  latter  and  the  setose  prosternum  indicate  a 
closer  relationship  with  (jik'ipcs  than  with  flarcola. 


liii,  '42J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  109 

A  Dehydration  and  Embedding  Schedule  for  Insects. 

By    L.    M.    BARTLETT.1 

In  the  course  of  work  on  a  thesis  on  insect  histology,  the 
author  had  occasion  to  use  a  technique  for  dehydration  which 
has  been  modified  from  one  given  by  Smith  (1940)2  for  sec- 
tioning insect  eggs  which  are  rich  in  yolk  and  thus  very  friable. 
The  chitinous  insectan  exoskeleton  is  also  brittle,  and  thus  pre- 
sents the  same  difficulties  as  those  encountered  in  the  section- 
ing of  eggs  heavily  laden  with  yolk.  The  method  of  dehydra- 
tion given  below  has  been  used  with  considerable  success  for 
aquatic  stages  of  mayflies,  and  a  few  German  cockroaches  have 
also  been  successfully  sectioned  by  use  of  the  method.  The 
following  sequence  of  steps  was  followed : 

1.  Drop  the  insect  into  lightly-boiling  water  for  Y4-l/2  minute. 

2.  Transfer  to  Syracuse  watch  glass  containing  the  fixative; 
cut  slits  in  the  thorax  and  abdomen,  and  inject  a  small  quan- 
tity  of    fixative    into    the    body    cavity   through   these    slits    by 
means  of  a  capillary  pipette.     Now  place  the  insect  in  a  vial  of 
the  fixative  for  the  proper  length  of  time,  depending  on  which 
fixative  is  employed. 

3.  Transfer  to  35%   ethyl  alcohol  for  from  2  hours  to  over- 
night (after  the  proper  treatment  required  by  the  type  of  fixa- 
tive used),  or,   in  the  event   that  alcohols   of   70%    or  higher 
strengths  have  been  employed  in  the  treatment  after  fixation, 
proceed  directly  to  step  4. 

4.  Transfer  to  a  mixture  of   N-butyl  and  50%   ethyl  alco- 
hols in  a  ratio  of  1  :2  for  2-4  hours. 

5.  Transfer  to  a  mixture  of    X-butyl  and   50%    ethyl  alco- 
hols in  a  ratio  of  2:1,  to  each  150  cc.  of  which  has  been  added 
4y2  pipettes  full  of  phenol  (melted  by  placing  a  bottle  of  phe- 
nol crystals  in  warm  water)  for  24-48  hours. 

J 

6.  Transfer  to  N-butyl  alcohol,  C.P.,  for  4-8  hours. 

7.  Transfer   to    N-butyl    alcohol,    C.P..    to   each    150   cc.    of 

1  Contribution    from    the    Department    of    Entomology    and    Zoology, 
Massachusetts  State  College. 

-  Smith,   S.   G.,   1940,   A   new  embedding  schedule  for  insect  cytology. 
Stain   Technology    15:    175-176. 


110  EXTOMOLOCK'AL    NEWS  [April.    '42 

which  has  been  added  4^2   pipettes  full  of  phenol,   for   12-24 
hours. 

8.  Transfer   to   X-butyl  alcohol  and   50°-52°    paraffin,   in   a 
ratio  of  about  1  :1  by  volume  for  1-2  hours. 

9.  Transfer  to  50°-52°  paraffin  for  1-2  hours. 

10.  Transfer  to  56°-58°  paraffin  for  1^-3  hours. 

11.  Imbed  in  58° -60°  paraffin. 

To  date  some  200  slides  representing  42  specimens  in  8 
genera  of  mayflies  have  been  sectioned  after  various  types  of 
fixation  and  dehydration  methods.  While  this  may  not  be 
enough  work  on  which  to  base  any  definite  conclusions,  the 
following  generalizations  seem  to  be  in  order.  Those  fixatives 
which  contain  formalin  (e.g.,  Bourn's)  do  not  give  as  good 
results  as  others;  those  fixatives  containing  nitric  acid  (e.g., 
Gilson's)  give  the  best  results.  For  insects  which  are  at  least 
as  heavily  sclerotized  as  the  German  cockroach  the  dehydra- 
tion method  given  above  is  superior  to  dehydration  by  dioxan 
or  a  graded  series  of  ethyl  alcohols. 

The  author  wishes  to  express  his  thanks  to  Dr.  J.  R.  Traver 
and  Mr.  H.  Laudani  for  reading  the  manuscript  and  making- 
suggestions  thereon. 


The  Types  and  Status  of  Chrysops  ceras  (Diptera, 

Tabanidae). 

By  CORNELIUS  B.  PHILIP,  Hamilton,  Montana. 
Although  in  Hines'  last  published  opinion  (1925),  this  spe- 
cies from  New  Mexico  and  Northern  Mexico  was  considered 
a  synonym  of  C.  incgaccras  Bellardi,  he  again  suggested  their 
separateness  in  manuscript  notes  made  during  a  visit  to  the 
British  Museum.  Through  courtesy  of  Mr.  H.  Oldroyd  of 
that  institution,  distinctness  of  the  two  has  been  amply  veri- 
fied through  loan  of  a  cotype  of  ccras  and  a  well  preserved 
specimen  of  incgaccras  in  the  Bigot  collection.  The  latter  is  a 
much  more  brownish,  and  larger  insect,  the  two  basal  antennal 
segments  not  as  swollen,  the  wing  picture  more  dense,  some 
fumosity  evident  even  in  the  basal  cells,  the  dorsal,  abdominal 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  111 

incisures  not  pallid,  and  venter  not  uniformly  gray  pollinose. 

As  four  of  the  six  cotypes  of  cents  are  in  hopelessly  damaged 
condition,  the  relatively  intact  specimen  studied  by  the  writer 
is  here  designated  as  lectotype.  It  hears  the  original,  hand- 
written label  "\Y.  F.  Gila,  N.M.,  7-10,  5  miles,"  and  printed 
"Coll.  Townsend,"  and  the  British  Museum  label  "Purchased 
from  E.  Briinetti  1902."  The  specimen  has  had  the  head 
glued  to  the  thorax  thus  resulting  in  partially  obscuring  the 
dorsal  thoractic  pattern  by  infiltration,  and  it  lacks  the  two 
terminal  joints  of  the  right  antenna,  the  joints  from  the  tibia 
outward  of  the  left  fore-leg,  and  the  stigmal  portion  of  the 
costal  margin  of  the  right  wing.  It  is  in  otherwise  good  con- 
dition and  its  characters  closely  agree  with  the  original  de- 
scription with  the  following  additional  comments : 

Front  taller  than  broad;  the  callosity  could  be  considered, 
(as  described  by  Townsend)  "roughly  diamond  shaped"  with 
horizontal  axis,  the  lateral  points  truncated,  ( i.e.,  it  is  sharply 
subrectangulate  above  and  below,  but  rounded  on  either  side, 
a  little  broader  than  tall),  the  disc  finely  wrinkled  as  in  other 
species  of  the  group ;  the  clypeus  above  the  mouth  more  or 
less  denuded ;  palpi  brownish  black,  only  the  posterior  margin 
"pale  brownish,"  about  three-fifths  the  length  of  the  stylets. 
Distribution  of  brownish  infuscation  on  legs  and  wings  as  in- 
dicated by  Townsend,  except  lacking  on  apex  of  middle  tibiae. 
The  fumosity  of  the  wings  is  irregular,  indefinite  and  difficult 
to  describe,  but  margins  most  of  the  outer  veins,  and  is  par- 
ticularly dense  about  the  short  transverse  veins.  Length,  9mm. 

A  specimen  from  Sierre  Madre,  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  is  in 
close  agreement,  except  for  paler  palpi,  and  less  dilute  wing 
markings,  so  that  there  appears  a  more  definite,  irregular,  api- 
cal costal  spot  joining  that  at  the  furcation  and  widely  separated 
from  the  stigmal  area  by  a  hyaline  interval.  Eyes  (relaxed) 
with  fine  "punctate"  purple  spots  and  no  evidence  of  the  usual 
Clirysops  pattern.  Thorax  with  prominent  dark  and  grayish 
lines  as  described,  but  a  narrow  gray  middorsal  line  splitting 
the  median  of  the  three  heavy  brown  vittae  mentioned  by 
Townsend. 

Because  of  dissimilarity  to  Chrysops  of  the  antennae,  distri- 
bution of  facial  pollinosity,  "punctate"  type  of  eye  pattern,  and 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '42 

peculiarly  shaped,  finely  wrinkled  frontal  callosities,  the  related 
Neotropical  species  tanycents  O.  S.,  mcyaccras  Bell.,  and 
melanoptera  Hine  have  been  included  with  ccras  1  Owns,  in  a 
new  genus  Assipala  (Philip,  1941,  named  for  the  "ace-of- 
spades-like"  frontal  callosity  of  the  genotype  species,  tanyccr- 
ns ;  it  is  a  coincidence  that  the  callosity  in  ccras  should  roughly 
resemble  the  ace  of  diamonds).  Hine's  (1917)  key  to  the 
four  species  is  in  error  on  the  antennal  characters,  and  the 
characters  of  the  last  couplet  separating  ccras  and  uicgaccras 
are  reversed  although  followed  by  Krober  (1926,  p.  220). 

Ccras  is  another  of  the  peculiar  Neotropical  tabanid  elements 
that  has  crossed  the  southern  boundaries  of  the  United  States, 
and  was  overlooked  in  Brennan's  review  of  the  Pangoniinae  of 
this  region. 

REFERENCES. 

HINE.  J.  S.  1917.  Costa  Rican  Diptera  collected  by  Philip 
P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  1909-1910.  Paper  2.— Tabanidae  and  Asili- 
dae.  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  43:  291-299. 

1925.  Tabanidae  of  Mexico,  Central  .America  and  the  Wot 
Indies.  Univ.  Mich.,  Occas.  Pap.  Mus.  Zool..  No.  162.  35pp. 

KROBER.  O.  1925.  Die  Chrysnps-Arten  Slid,  und  M'ttela- 
merikas  nebst  den  Arten  der  Inselwelt  und  Mexikos.  Kono- 
wia,  4  (3/4)  :  210-256. 

PHILIP,  C.  B.  1941.  Un  neuvo  genero  de  moscas,  Assipala 
(Diptera,  Tabanidae).  Revista  de  Ent.  (in  press,  Dec.  no.). 


Some  Grass  Aphid  Host  Records  (Homoptera). ' 

By  G.  F.  KNOWLTON  and  W.  DON  FRONK, 
Utah  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Logan. 
The  following  report  includes  a  number  of  host  records  for 
grass  aphids,  not  included  in  the  Patch,  Food-plant  catalogue  of 
the  aphids  of  the  world  (  Maine  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  393,  1938, 
430  p.).     One  apparently  undescribed  Amphorophora  is  here 
described  as  new.    All  collections  were  made  in  Utah. 

APHIS    MAIDIS    Fitch.      In    the   experimental   greenhouse   at 
Logan,  Utah,  March  22,  1939.  infesting  I\>a  nc-i'adcnsis  (K.-M. 

1  Authorized   for  publication  by  the  director,  January  9,    1942.     Report 
on  project  51 -A   1  latch. 


Hii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


113 


W.  Allen)  ;  on  Dactylis  t/lomcrala  at  Logan,  Sept.  5,  1936. 

A.  MEDICAGINIS  Koch.  On  grass  at  Morgan,  May  21,  1938; 
alates  on  corn  at  Providence,  July  23,  1935  (C.  F.  Smith)  ; 
alate  on  wheat  at  Springville,  June  15,  1938  (K.-L.  L.  Hansen). 

A.  MIDDLETONI  Thos.  On  roots  of  a  "yellow  grass"  at  Gar- 
land. July  14,  1939. 

A.  SETARIAE  (Thos.).  On  wheat  at  Ephraim,  Aug.  5,  193S 
(K.-L.  L.  Hansen). 

RHOPALOSIPHUM  NYMPHEAE  (L.).  On  foxtail  grass,  Amer- 
ican Fork,  July  19,  1936. 

R.  PRUXIFOLIAE  (Fitch).  Collected  in  greenhouse  at  Logan. 
February  and  March  of  1937,  on  Agropyron  pauciflontm,  Bou- 
teluoa  (jracilis  and  B.  •maryinatiis,  Bromits  marginatus  and  B. 
incnnis,  FJ\inns  viryinicus  and  E.  trlticoides,  Festuca  clatior 
(  K.-M.  \Y.  Allen)  ;  on  tall  bunchgrass  at  Tremonton. 


A.  K, 


Fig.  1.  Amphorophora  allcni  n.  sp.  Alatc,  A.-E.  Macrosiphum 
granarlum  (Kirby).  Apterous,  F.-I. 

Amphorophora  alleni  n.  sp. 

Alate  vivipara:  body  3.1  mm.  long;  antennae  3.53  mm.  long, 
dusky;  antennal  III,  0.96  with  15  to  18  sensoria ;  IV,  0.64  to 
0.72;  V,  0.576;  VI,  0.16  +  0.96;  rostrum  reaches  hind  coxae; 
rostral  IV  -f-  V,  0.192  mm.  long,  slenderly  obtuse  at  tip,  armed 
with  conspicuous  hairs;  hind  tibiae  2.43;  hind  tarsi  0.144; 
abdomen  with  6  conspicuous  blackish  lateral  spots  on  each  side, 
each  containing  several  blunt  to  capitate,  short  hairs  (fig.  I',  i 


114  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '42 

which  form  part  of  the  row  extending  across  the  abdominal 
segment ;  also  3  or  4  pairs  of  smaller  dorse-lateral  dark  patches ; 
curnicles  dusky,  0.68,  lightly  imhricated ;  cauda  dusky,  0.29  mm. 
long  with  4  to  6  lateral  hairs  on  each  side. 

Collection:  Taken  on  grass  at  Lincoln,  Tooele  County,  UTAH, 
June  2,  1938  (G.  F.  Knowlton  and  L.  L.  Hansen).  Type  in 
the  writer's  collection. 

Ta.ronoinv:  This  does  not  readily  key  out  in  Mason's  key 
(  U.  S.  Nat.'  Mus.  Proc.  69  [Art.  20 J  :  5-6,  1925).  It  runs  to 
A.  ribiclla  (Davis)  in  Gillette  and  Palmer's  key  (Ent.  Soc. 
Amer.  Ann.  27:  134,  1934)  from  which  it  differs  in  possessing: 
Fewer  antennal  sensoria ;  also  longer  hind  tihiae,  rostral  IV 
-J-  V,  cornicles,  and  antennals  III,  IV  and  V. 

MACROSIPHUM  DIRHODUM  (Walk.).  On  Bromns  tectonnn 
at  Moab,  June,  1935. 

M.  GRANARIUM  (Kirby).  In  greenhouse  at  Logan,  Utah. 
Feb.  26,  1937,  on  Ayropyron  cnrlcpcmlnla,  A.  yracilis,  A. 
inarginatiis,  Brouius  incnnis,  B.  niaryinatns,  Elyinns  triticoidcs. 
E.  viryinicits,  Festuca  clatior;  also  on  foxtail  grass  at  American 
Fork  and  oats  at  Aurora  and  Mendon. 

M.  SOLANIFOLII  (Ashm.j.  On  Graminum  at  Santa  Clara, 
May  1,  1934. 

M.  PISI  (Kalt.).  Numerous  winged  specimens  collected  upon 
various  grasses  and  wheat,  but  probably  all  were  accidentals. 

MYZUS  PERSICAE  (Sulzer).  On  Ayropyron  clonyatiim  in 
Logan  greenhouse,  Dec.  15,  1939  and  Brouius,  Sept.  11,  1937 
(K.-M.  W.  Allen)  ;  Zca  mays,  Farmington. 

TETRANEURA  GRAMINIS  Monell.  On  woolly  orchard  grass 
and  rice  cut  grass  at  Hooper  and  Ogden,  Sept.  15,  1936. 

GEOICA  PHASEOLI  Pass,  and  G.  SQUAMOSA  Hart,  were  col- 
lected on  grass  roots  and  in  ant  nests  in  Logan  Canyon,  March 
24,  1933  (Det.  A.  C.  Maxson). 

FORDA  OLIVACEA  Rohwer.  Collected  on  roots  of  Bermuda 
grass  at  Sunset,  Oct.  11,  1936,  tall  bunchgrass  roots  at  Salt 
Lake  Citv  (Det.  A.  C.  Maxson). 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  115 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing-  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
In  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in    the    Entomological    News   are   not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Augustson,  G.  F. — Ectoparasite-host  rec- 
ords from  the  Sierran  Region  of  east-central  California. 
[38]  40:  147-157,  ill.  Blackwelder,  R.  E.— The  entomo- 
logical work  of  Adalbert  Fenyes.  [55]  18:  17-22.  Brues,  C. 
T. — Insects  as  carriers  of  poliomyelitis  virus.  [68]  95 :  169- 
170.  Cannon,  H.  G. — On  chlorazol  Black  E  and  some  other 
new  stains.  [J.  Roy.  Micr.  Soc.]  61 :  88-94.  Eltringham, 
H.— Obituary.  By  G.  D.  H.  Carpenter.  [31]  149:  72.  Obit- 
uary by  R.  W.  L.  [8]  78:  16.  Emerson,  A.  E.— Biological 
sociology.  [Denison  Univ.  Bull.]  41  :  146-155.  Fraser,  F.  C. 

-The  date  of  publication  of  the  Monographic  des  Gom- 
phines  de  Selys.  [8]  78:  42.  Gillette,  C.  P.— In  Memoriam. 
By  F.  B.  Pac'ldock.  [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  48:  35-39,  ill. 
Goodliffe,  F.  D. — Studies  on  insects  bred  from  barley, 
wheat,  maize  and  oats.  [22]  32:  309-325,  ill.  Hamilton,  H. 
L. — The  biological  action  of  rotenone  on  freshwater  ani- 
mals. [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  48:  467-479,  ill.  Hope,  J.  G. 

—Insect  associates  of  Cakile  edentula,  the  American  sea 
rocket.  [Bull.  Wagner  Free  Inst.  Sci.]  17:  5  pp.  Hopping, 
R._Obituary  by  Blaisdell  &  Van  Dyke.  [55]  18:  1-3.  ill. 
Mayo,  N. — Entomological  services  of  the  State  Department 
of  Agriculture.  [39]  24:  71-75.  McCracken,  I.— Gall  In- 
sects. [55]  18:  22.  O'Kane,  Glover  &  Blickle— An  insect 
toximeter.  Penetration  of  certain  liquids  through  the  pro- 
notum  of  the  American  roach.  [Univ.  N.  Ham.  Tech.  Bull.] 
74:  16  pp.,  ill.  76:  8  pp.,  ill.  Robertson,  W.  R.  B.— In 


116  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '42 

Alemoriam.  By  A.  E.  Lambert.  [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.] 
48:  46-47,  ill.  Ross,  H.  H. — Distribution  of  Illinois  insects. 
[Trans.  Illinois  State  Acad.  Sci.]  34:  236-237,  ill.  Taylor, 
E. — The  use  of  methacrylate  resin  in  the  preservation  of 
insect  specimens.  [8]  78:  15.  Uvarov  &  Kalmus — Proper- 
ties of  cuticle  and  insect  ecology.  [31]  149:  109-110.  Vaz- 
quez &  Villasenor — Estudios  acerca  del  sistema  nervioso 
de  !<>s  Insectos.  [112]  12:  773-779,  ill.  Weiss,  Soraci  & 
McCoy — The  behavior  of  certain  insects  to  various  wave- 
lengths of  light.  [6]  50:  1-34,  ill.  Wood,  S.  F.— Reactions 
of  man  to  the  feeding  of  Reduviid  bugs.  [J.  Parasit.]  28: 
43-49. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Darlington,  C.  D. 
—Chromosome  chemistry  and  gene  action.  [31]  149:  66-69. 
Darlington  &  Dobzhansky — Temperature  and  "sex-ratio" 
in  Drosophila  pseudobscura.  [Proc.  Nat.  Acad.  Sci.]  28: 
45-48.  Stanley,  John — A  mathematical  theory  of  the 
growth  of  populations  of  the  flour  beetle  Tribolium  con- 
fusum  Duv.  \  .  The  relation  between  the  limiting  value  of 
egg  population  in  the  absence  of  hatching  and  the  sex 
ratio  of  the  group  of  adult  beetles  used  in  a  culture.  [84] 
23:  24-31. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Barrows,  W.  M. 
and  Ivie,  W. — Some  new  spiders  from  Ohio.  [Ohio  J.  Sci.] 
42:  20-23,  ill.  (*).  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— On  a  collection  of 
Myriopods  from  Iowa.  [4]  74:  15-17.  Fonseca,  F.  da— 
Notas  de  acareologia.  Posicao  do  genero  Liponissus  em 
face  das  esp.  trop  ;  sen  desdobramento  em  nov.  gen.  [121] 
2:  262-65,  ill.  (S).  Gregson,  J.  D.— The  coast  tick  (Ixodes 
californicus)  problem  in  British  Columbia.  [4]  74:  3-5. 
McGregor,  E.  A. — The  taxonomic  status  of  the  so-called 
"Common  red  spider".  [10]  44:  26-29,  ill.  Watson,  J.  R.- 
A  new  Stephanothrips  from  Texas.  [39]  24:  65-66. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDER  OF  INSECTS.— Augustson, 
G.  F. — A  new  flea  from  the  Mojave  Desert  (California). 
[38]  40:  138-139,  ill.  Some  new  California  Siphonaptera. 
[38 1  40:  140-146,  ill.  The  allotype  of  Geusibia  ashcrafti. 
[38]  40:  157-159,  ill.  Deevey  &  "Bishop— A  fishery  survey 
of  important  Connecticut  lakes.  Procedures  in  a  limnologi- 
cal  survey.  [Conn.  Sta.  Geol.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Surv.]  Bull.  63, 
pp.  92-98,  ill.  Prison,  T.  H. — Descriptions,  records  and 
systematic  notes  concerning  western  North  American 
^toneflies.  [55]  18:  9-16,  ill.'  Good,  N.  E.— Megabothris 


liii,   '42 1  ENTOMOT.or.rcAL  NEWS  117 

abantis  description  of  the  female.  [103]  15:  7-9,  ill.  Hop- 
kins, G.  H.  E. — The  Mallophaga  as  an  aid  to  the  classifica- 
tion of  birds.  [Ibis]  6:  94-106.  Pendleton,  R.  L. — Some 
results  of  termite  activity  in  Thailand  soil.  [Thai  Sci.  Bull.J 
3 :  30-53,  ill.  Pierce,  W.  D. — The  phylogenetic  position  of 
the  Strepsiptera  as  determined  by  the  first  larva.  [38]  40: 
121-125.  See  Fraser  under  General. 

ORTHOPTERA.— da  Costa-Lima,  A.— Um  novo  grilo 
cavernicola  de  Minas  Gerais.  ( Phalangopsitidae).  [Pap. 
Avul  Dcpt.  Zool.  Secret.  Agric.  S.  Paulo]  (1940)  1:  43-49, 
ill.  Klostermeyer,  E.  C. — The  life  history  and  habits  of 
the  ringlegged  earwig,  Euborellia  annulipes.  [103]  15:  13- 
18.  Pruthi,  H.  S. — A  fresh  cycle  of  the  desert  locust  in 
India.  [Current  Science]  10:  479-483,  ill.  Slaughter,  Evans 
&  Goodrich — Changes  in  susceptibility  to  x-rays  of  certain 
embryonic  cells  of  the  grasshopper.  [Proc.  Iowa,  Acad. 
Sci.] '48:  482-483.  Uvarov,  B.  P. — New  and  less  known 
southern  Palaearctic  Orthoptera.  [1]  67:  303-361,  ill. 
Zeuner,  F.  E. — The  Locustopsidae  and  the  phylogeny  of 
the  Acridodea.  [107]  11:  18  pp.,  ill. 

HEjMIPTERA. — Comstock,  J.  A. — Notes  on  Loxophora 
dammersi.  [38]  40:  160.  ill.  Hardy,  D.  E.— A  note  on 
leafhopper  abundance.  [103]  15:  34.  Rice,  L.  A. — Notes 
on  the  biology  and  species  of  the  three  genera  of  Notonec- 
tidae  found  at  Reelfoot  Lake,  Tennessee.  [Jour.  Tenn. 
Acad.  Sci.]  17:  55-67,  ill.  Sailer,  R.  L— Host  record  and 
distributional  note  for  Deraeocoris  rufiventris  1921.  [103] 
15:  18.  Stanger,  N.  W. — New  species  of  Lygus  from  Cali- 
fornia (Miridae).  [67]  7:  161-168.  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Beall,  G.— The  Monarch  butterfly, 
Danatts  archippus  Fab.  I  General  observations  in  southern 
Ontario.  [Canad.  Field  Nat.]  55:  123-129.  II  The  movement 
in  southern  Ontario.  Ib.  133-137.  Brown  &  McGuffin- 
New  descriptions  of  larvae  of  forest  insects.  Introduction: 
Panthea  ( Phalaenid. ).  |4|  74:  8-12,  ill.  Burdick,  W.  N- 
A  new  race  of  Coenonympha  ampelos  from  the  Mono  Basin 
of  California.  [4]  74:  2-3.  ill.  Clarke,  J.  F.  G.--A  synopsis 
of  the  genus  Anoncia  with  one  new  species  (Cosmoptery- 
gid.).  [4]  74:  17-19.  ill.  (k).  Comstock  &  Henne— The 
larva  and  pupa  of  Trichoclea  edwardsi.  [38]  40:  165-166. 
Dethier,  V.  G. — The  larva  and  pupa  of  Herculia  intermedi- 
alis  (Pyrnlidae).  (4|  74:  6-7.  ill.  Donisthorpe,  H.— Butter- 
flies protected  on  both  sides  when  in  flight.  [21]  54:  4. 


118  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '42 

Field,  W.  D. — Racial  variation  in  Hemiargus  isola.  [103] 
15:  36.  Forbes,  W.  T.  M.— On  border-line  Dircenna  (Ith- 
omiinae).  [6]  50:  37-44,  ill.  (k).  McDunnough,  J. — A  new 
Canadian  Strymon  (Lycaenid.).  [4J  74:  1.  de  Martin,  M.— 
La  coleccion  de  Lepidopteros  del  Museo.  [Bol.  Alus.  Hist. 
Nat.  "Javier  Prado"]  5:  447-457,  cont.  Sailer,  R.  I.— Dis- 
tributional record  for  Notonecta  hoffmanni.  [103]  15:  6. 
Saunders,  L.  G. — The  raspberry  root-borer  in  Saskatche- 
wan. [4J  74:  19.  Stallings  &  Turner — Butterfly  records  for 
Kansas.  [103]  15:  12.  A  note  on  Adelocephala  bicolor. 
[103]  15:35-36.  Tilden,  J.  W. — Erynnis  lacustra  from  near 
the  type  locality.  (Nymphalid.).  [55]  18:  8.  An  unusual 
record  of  Ochlodes  yuma  (Hesperiid.).  [55]  18:  29.  Tilden 
&  Mansfield — A  capture  of  Lerodea  eufala  at  light.  [55] 
18:  26.  Watson,  J.  R. — Some  Florida  Lepidoptera  records. 
[39]  24:  75-76,  ill.  Zikan,  J.  F.— Elementos  exoticos  na 
lepidopterofauna  do  Brasil.  [Arq.  Serv.  Florestal,  Rio  de 
Janeiro]  1:  9-17,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— Bequaert,  J.  C.— The  Hippoboscidae  of 
Oceania.  [Occas.  Pap.  B.  P.  Bishop  Mus.j  16:  247-292, 
ill.  Beyer,  J.  C. — Iowa  non-biting  midges  ( Chironomidae). 
[Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  48:  481.  Blair,  K.  G.— How  cloo 
a  housefly  alight  on  the  ceiling?  [8]  78:  40-41.  Breland, 
O.  P. — Dipterous  parasites  of  adult  mantids  (Sarcophagid.). 
[10]  44:  19-22.  Brooks  &  Jaques — A  preliminary  list  of 
Pipunculidae  of  Iowa.  [Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  48:  437-439, 
ill.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Um  novo  "Flebotomus"  da  Ama- 
zonia e  consideracoes  relativas  as  especies  afins  (Psycho- 
did.).  [Acta  Medica]  7:  3-19,  ill.  (k).  Dalmat,  H.  T.— A 
new  parasitic  fly  (Cuterebrid.)  from  the  northern  white- 
footed  mouse.  [6]  50:  45-58,  ill.  Harmston  &  Knowlton— 
Three  new  Syntormon  (Dolichopodid.)  from  western 
United  States.  [10]  44:  22-26.  ill.  Harriot,  S.  C.— New  spe- 
cies of  Otitidae  from  California.  [55]  18:  23-26,  ill.  Hin- 
man  &  Hurlbut — A  collection  of  Anopheline  mosquitoes 
from  southern  Ontario.  [4]  74:  20.  Hinshaw,  M.  B. — The 
effects  of  formalin  upon  development  in  the  bar-eyed  race 
of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [Trans.  Illinois  State  Acad. 
Sci.]  34:  223-224.  Hull,  F.  M.— Some  new  species  of  Syr- 
phidae.  [103]  15:  10-12.  Jones,  D.  T.— The  histology  of 
the  digestive  tract  of  the  cluster  fly,  Pollenia  rudis.  [Proc. 
Iowa  Acad.  Sci.]  48:  407-415.  ill.  Kalmus,  Martin  &  Potter 
— 'Difference  in  resistance  to  toxic  substances  of  mutants 
of  Drosophila  of  different  body  colour.  [31  |  149:  110. 
Kennedy,  J.  S. — On  water-finding  and  oviposition  by  cap- 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  119 

tive  mosquitoes.  [22]  32:  279-301,  ill.  Pritchard,  A.  E.— A 
revision  of  the  genus  Cerotainiops  (Asilid.).  [103]  15:  19- 
24.  (*k).  Reinhard,  H.  J. — A  new  parasitic  muscoid  fly  from 
Texas.  [10]  44:  17-18.  Scott  &  Snead— Warbles  in"  Pero- 
myscus  leucopus  noveboracensis.  [Jour.  Mammalogy]  23: 
94-95. 

COLEOPTERA.— Curran,  C.  H.— Erotyliclae  of  Kar- 
tnlx>,  Bartica  district,  British  Guiana.  [Zoologica]  26:  281- 
287.  Donisthorpe,  H. — Colours  in  Melasoma  (Chrysom- 
elid.)  and  Byctiscus  ( Curculionid.).  [8]  78:  48.  Griswold  & 
Greenwald — -Studies  on  the  biology  of  four  common  carpet 
beetles.  [Cornell  Univ.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.]  Mem.  240:  75  pp., 
ill.  Linsley  &  MacSwain — The  bionomics  of  Ptinus  cali- 
fornicus,  a  depredator  in  the  nests  of  bees.  [38]  40:  126-137, 
ill.  Riegel,  G.  T. — Relative  abundance  of  Cyclocephala 
immaculata  and  C.  borealis  at  Urbana.  [Trans.  Illinois  State 
Acacl.  Sci.l  34:  234-235.  Tanner,  V.  M.—A  new  Elaphrus 
(Carabidae).  [Gt.  Basin  Nat.]  2:  137-138.  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bohart,  G.  E.— Notes  on  some 
feeding  and  hibernation  habits  of  California  Polistes.  (Ves- 
pid).  [55]  18:  30.  Flanders,  S. — The  sex  ratio  in  Hvmen- 
<»ptera, — a  function  of  the  environment.  [84]  23:  120-121. 
LaRivers,  I. — Notes  on  the  bembicid,  Stictiella  pulla.  [55] 
18:  4-8.  Linsley  &  Michener — Notes  on  some  Hymenop- 
tera  from  the  vicinity  of  Mt.  Lassen,  California.  [55]  18: 
27-29.  Pickles.  W. — Mound  building  by  the  ant  Lasius 
flavus.  [8]  78:  38-39. 


A  LOT  OF  INSECTS,  Entomology  in  a  Suburhan  Garden.  By 
FRANK  E.  LUTZ.  Curator,  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, Author  of  "Field  Book  of  Insects."  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons, 
New  York,  1941.  Pp.  (8)  +  304.  Illustrated.  $3.00.- 
Manv  kinds  of  insects  are  discussed  or  merely  mentioned  in 
this  volume,  beginning  with  a  tropical  bee  that  made  its  wav 
to  suburban  New  York,  then  migrating  butterflies  and  migra- 
titrv  locusts,  blister  and  lady  beetles,  ant-  and  aphis-lions, 
aphids  and  other  Homoptera,  English  and  other  crickets,  man- 
lids  and  walking  sticks,  honey  and  bumble  bees,  ants,  wasps 
and  other  TTymenoptera,  termites,  tiger  beetles,  tent  caterpil- 
lars, more  butterflies,  moths,  the  rest  of  the  beetles,  the  truly 
aquatic  insects  especially  the  caddis-flies,  true  flies  and  a  sum- 
mary of  the  insects  in  that  suburban  garden  to  the  total  ot  1402 
species.  If  one  inquires  as  to  why  the  order  in  which  these 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '42 

insects  are  treated,  the  answer  appears  to  be  given  in  the 
introduction  and  to  be  that  of  a  lady  partner  of  the  author  in 
a  game  of  bridge,  "when  she  has  good  cards  she  plays  them 
in  the  order  that  she  happens  to  think  of  them."  The  reader 
may  be  assured  that  he  will  not  miss  the  lack  of  taxonomic 
order  in  reading  this  book. 

The  insects  of  which  the  author  has  most  to  say  are  those 
on  which  he  has  worked  and  experimented  most:  the  wings 
and  sounds  of  crickets,  the  color  vision  of  bees,  the  materials 
used  on  the  cases  of  caddis-worms,  the  genetics,  color  vision 
and  resistance  to  varying  atmospheric  pressure  of  Drosoplilla. 
These  discussions  summarize  much  of  Dr.  Lutz's  researches 
and  in  the  'last  chapter,  "In  Addition,"  references  are  given 
to  his  papers  in  which  these  researches  were  published.  But 
interesting  work  by  other  authors  is  also  quoted.  No.  22,  "In 
Addition"  (pp.  265-268,  which  should  be  supplemented  by 
pp.  90-91),  would  be  more  interesting  to  a  certain  Mr.  Pope  <»f 
long  ago,  as  it  tells  something  of  the  early  life  of  the  author; 
it  is  appreciated  by  those  who  admire  Dr.  Lutz's  work. 

There  are  also  many  glimpses  of  the  author's  biological 
philosophy  scattered  throughout  the  book,  some  of  which  may 
be  summarized  thus :  Needs  do  not  induce  structures.  Struc- 
tures are  acquired,  how,  we  often  do  not  know,  but  if  those 
structures  permit  an  insect  to  live  in  a  certain  place  it  adopts 
that  place  and  is  not  adapted  to  it  (  Nymphalid  butterflies,  p. 
180  and  p.  138).  The  same  structures  may  equally,  or  nearly, 
as  well  enable  the  insect  to  live  in  a  different  kind  of  place 
(experiment  with  water-striders,  pp.  224-225).  Social  insects 
(honey  bee,  ants,  pp.123,  135)  are  no  more  successful  (pro- 
ducing fertile  individuals  over  a  large  area)  than  non-social 
insects  ( aphids,  p.  135)  and  besides  waste  (from  the  success 
point  of  view  as  just  defined)  an  immense  amount  of  energy. 
Perhaps  some  things  in  nature  ( floral  colors  /;/  re  insects,  p. 
108,  trash-carrying  habits  of  aphis-lions,  p.  43,  some  sounds 
made  by  insects,  p.  74,  mimicry,  p.  182)  are  not  useful  to 
their  possessors.  If  the  reader  does  not  believe  in  this  phil- 
osophy, let  him  read  this  book  to  learn  whv  he  should  or 
shouldn't. 

We  shall  not  quote  the  untaken  bet  which  had  something  to 
do  with  the  origin  of  this  book,  but  we  shall  observe  that  the 
Century  Dictionary  (the  one  which  happens  to  form  a  part 
of  our  environment)  gives  nine  meanings  for  the  word  ''lot." 
The  author  of  this  attractive  volume  is  holding  his  sides, 
watching  lo  see  how  many  of  his  reviewers  and  readers  will 
take  11  in  that  the  tille  U  a  pun. — P,  P,  CALVFK  ' 


EXCHANGES 

This    column    is    intended    only    for    wants    and    exchanges,    not    for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 

not  exceeding  three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long:  as  our  limited  space  will  allow:  the  new  ones 
are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the  top  (being 
longest  in)  are  discontinued.  * 


Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
tin's  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfma  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 


Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  manticls.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 

Wanted — Tropical  Lepidoptera  and  Insects.  Also  domestic  species. 
Will  exchange  or  buy  specimens.  M.  A.  Zappalorti,  253  Senator 
Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Calendra  (Sphenophorus)  from 
North  America.  Will  exchange  Eastern  U.  S.  Calendra  or  otln-r 
Coleoptera  for  desired  species.  R.  C.  Casselberry,  302  Lincoln 
Avenue,  Kansdmvne,  Penna. 


"THE  BUTTERFLY  STORE", 

O.  FULDA  PROP.,  ESTABLISHED  1904, 
Offers  Morpho  menelaus. 

256  FIFTH  AVENUE, 

New  York  City. 


THE  PAN-PACIFIC  ENTOMOLOGIST 

A  quarterly  journal  of  general  entomology  published  by  the  Pacific 
Coast  Entomological  Society.  It  features  insect  problems  of  the  Pacific  area 
but  is  in  no  way  confined  to  that  region.  The  systematic  and  biological 
phases  of  entomology  are  stressed  including  articles  on  insect  taxonomy, 
morphology,  life  history  and  distribution. 

Subscription  price  $2.50  per  yearly  volume 
of  about  two  hundred  pages. 

A  few  complete  sets  of  back  volumes  are  still  available. 

Address:  California  Academy  of  Sciences 
San  Francisco,  California 


A  Year  of  Costa  Rican  Natural  History 

By  AMELIA   SMITH    CALVERT,  Sometime  Fellow   in  Biology,  Bryn  Mawr  College,    and 
PHILIP  POWELL  CALVERT,  Emeritus  Professor   of  Zoology,  University  of 
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RECENT  LITERATURE- 

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COLEOPTERA 

1085.  —  Robinson  (M.).  —  Studies  in  the  Scarabaeidae  of  N.  Am. 

II.   (68:  127-136,  ill.,  1941).,...  .  :r:  .  .  .     .20 

DIPTERA 

1092.  —  Fisher  (E.  G.).  —  Distributional  notes  and  keys  to  Amer- 
ican Ditomyiinae,  Diadocidiinae,  and  Ceroplatinae,  with 
descr.  of  n.  sps.  (Mycetophilidae).  (67:  275-301,  2  pis., 
1941)  .  ...  ..,:..:..:  .....  _  ...........................  .....  .60 

1087.  —  Richards  (A.  G.  Jr.).  —  Differentiation  between  toxic  and 
suffocating  effects  of  petroleum  oils  on  larvae  of  the 
house  mosquito  (Cules  pipiens).  (67:  161-196,  5  pis., 
1941)  ......  :  ......  .  .  .  .  ..........  i  .........  •..•;.  .  .85 

M-10  —  Huckett  (H.  C.)-  —  A  revision  of  the  N.  Am.  sps.  belong- 
ing to  the  gen.  Pegomyia  (Muscidae).  (Mem.  10,  131 
pp.,  9  pis.,  1941)  3.00 


LEPIDOPTERA 


1091.  —  Grower  (A.  E.).  —  A  new  sp.  of  Metalectra  from  (eastern 

N.  Am.   (Phalaenidae).   (67:  271-274,  ill.,  1941)  .........  15 

irTj?  ;»   '  .-..''  r.'f.r/  .  v 

NEUROPTERA 

1084.  —  Ross    (H.    H.).  —  Descriptions    and    records    of    N.    Am. 

Trichoptera.   (67:  35-126,  13  pis.,  1941)  200 

ODONATA 

1089.—  Needham  (J.  G.).  —  Life  history  studies  on  Progomphus 
and  its  nearest  allies  (Aeschnidae).  (67:  221-245,  ill., 
1  pi.,  1941)  .50 

ORTHOPTERA 

1088.  —  Hebard  (M.).  —  The  group  Pterophyllae  as  found  in  the 

U.  S.  (Tettigoniidae).  (67:  197-219,  2  pis.,  1941)  .....  50 

1086.  —  Rehn  (J.  A.  G.).  —  On  new  and  previously  known  sps. 

of  Pneumoridae  (Acridoidea).  (67:  137-159,  ill.,  1941)..  .45 

1090.  —  Rehn  (J.  A.  G.).-^-Notes  on  and  records  and  descr.  of 
Oriental  bird-locusts  (Acrididae).  (67:  247-270,  2  pis., 
1941)  ................  .  .  .55 

1083.  —  Roberts  (H.  R.).  —  Nomenclature  in  the  Orthoptera  con- 

cerning genotype  designations.  (67:  1-34,  1941)  .........  65 

1093.  —  Uvarov  (B.  P.).  —  New  and  less  known  southern  Pala- 

earctic  Orthoptera.  (67:  303-361,  5  pis.,  1942)  ..........  1.25 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

OIV.   INS. 

MAY,  1942          2   ? 

Vol.  LIII  No.  5 


CONTENTS 

Rau— Clouds  of  Butterflies  in  Mexico:  A  Study  in  Butterfly  Aggrega- 
tions (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera) 121 

Westfall — A  List  of  the  Dragonflies  (Odonata)  taken  near  Brevard, 

North  Carolina 127 

Hull— The  Mating  Habits  of  Robberflies  (Diptera:  Asilidae)     ....         132 

Smith — Effect  of  Reduced  Food  Supply  upon  the  Stature  of  Campo- 

notus  Ants  (Hymen:  Formicidae) .  .  133 

Fuller — Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Siphonaptera,  Mainly  from  Penn- 
sylvania    136 

Hayes — The  Eastern  Ant  Cricket  (Myrmecophila  pergandei  Brun., 

Orthoptera,  Gryllidae)  in  Illinois 139 

Murray-Aaron — Herbert  Morrison  in  Mexico 142 

Wood  and  Gottschalk— -The  Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and  Montgomery 

Counties,  Virginia  (Lepid  :  Rhopalocera) 143 

Current  Entomological  Literature    .    .  .    .         147 

Cornman — Thysania  zenobia  at  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts  (Lepid.: 

Noctuidae) 150 

Obituary— Dr.  C.  Hart  Merriam 150 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  MAY,  1942  No  5 

Clouds  of  Butterflies  in  Mexico:  A  Study  in  Butter- 
fly Aggregations  (Lepid. :  Rhopalocera). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

Tourist  guide-books  to  Mexico  often  refer  to  the  clouds  of 
butterflies  to  be  seen  in  certain  seasons  and  places  along  the 
Pan-American  Highway.  One  book  says  that  the  country 
between  Valles  and  Tamazunchale  for  65  miles  is  pure  tropics ; 
the  scenery  is  lovely,  "and  the  last  time  we  went  over  the  road 
we  drove  nearly  the  entire  distance  through  clouds  of  butter- 
flies of  every  conceivable  hue."  This  is  no  exaggeration,  for 
I  experienced  exactly  the  same  thing  there  during  the  month 
of  July,  1940.  This  however,  does  not  tell  half  the  story, 
for  they  were  not  only  moving  in  clouds,  but  the  various 
species  were  assembled  in  groups,  here  and  there  in  the  road- 
side ditches,  and  each  species  had  its  own  peculiarities  of  be- 
havior. Entranced,  I  lingered  for  several  hours  to  enjoy  a 
spectacle  so  extraordinary  and  colorful,  and  finally  I  could  not 
help  asking  myself  what  the  butterflies  were  doing — and  why 
they  assembled  and  moved  in  species-groups  as  well  as  in  cer- 
tain color  combinations.  This  phenomenon  extended  along 
the  highway  from  Santa  Engracia  to  Valles,  and  in  a  lesser 
degree  to  Tamazunchale,  for  a  distance  of  235  miles. 

The  clouds  pulsating  with  life  and  energy  appeared  only  after 
resting  groups  had  been  alarmed  into  flight  by  passing  traffic. 
There  is  a  marked  difference  between  the  erratic  movements 
of  a  group  when  disturbed  and  the  motion  of  butterflies  that 
glide  or  flit  normally  over  the  countryside. 

While  some  butterflies  were  on  the  wing  everywhere  at  all 
times,  the  large  masses  of  them  were  resting  in  clusters  in 
moist  places  in  the  dirt  roads  or  in  the  roadside  ditches,  under 
bridges  near  streams  and  in  damp  culverts.  They  arose  in 

121 

MAY   6 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '42 

wild,  agitated  clouds  only  when  a  passing  donkey  forced  them 
to  move,  or  when  a  truck,  going  at  high  speed  along  the  high- 
way would  create  a  hurricane  of  wind  that  swept  them  off 
their  feet.  They  fluttered  for  some  minutes  ahove  the  spot 
from  which  they  arose  before  settling  down  again  to  rest,  and 
a  few  were  likely  to  drift  away  indifferently  until  they  mingled 
and  settled  with  another  group  of  the  same  kind.  (  )n  the  dirt 
side-road,  where  the  many  mud  puddles  attracted  these  insects, 
an  automobile  plowing  through  an  aggregation  of  several 
thousand  would  create  in  the  bright  sunlight  a  veritable  fairy- 
land of  motion  and  color.  At  first  glance  the  myriads  of  indi- 
viduals, the  numberless  swarms  and  the  many  varicolored  spe- 
cies of  butterflies  that  festooned  the  roadside  seemed  to  defy 
all  analysis.  Soon,  however,  the  spectator  recovers  from  his 
bewilderment  and  begins  to  discern  very  definite  attitudes  and 
behavior-patterns  in  the  assemblages,  as  well  as  certain  com- 
binations of  color  and  of  species.1 

The  following  desultory  notes  were  gathered  in  the  course 
of  an  early  July  day  over  a  stretch  of  road  between  Santa 
Engracia  near  Rio  Purificacion,  and  Tamazunchale.  While 
the  problems  involved  would  require  weeks  of  study,  all  that 
could  be  done  in  my  few  hours  en  route  was  to  observe  aggre- 
gations here  and  there  and  record  outstanding  features  of  their 
behavior  in  sample  groups.  The  present  observations  therefore 
are  only  an  outline  for  future  observational  and  experimental 
studies. 

I  am  deeply  indebted  to  Mr.  Harold  I.  O'Byrne  for  identi- 
fying all  of  the  species  discussed  in  this  paper. 

1  Belt  (Naturalist  in  Nicaragua)  saw  large  aggregations  of  butterflies 
on  wet  sandy  banks  "looking  like  a  bouquet ;  when  rising,  like  a  fountain 
of  flowers."  He  found  in  groups  by  themselves  5  or  6  specimens  of 
Papilios  greedily  sucking  up  moisture,  and  "Hesperidae  too  abounded ; 
and  in  a  favorable  afternoon  more  than  20  different  species  of  butterflies 
might  be  taken  at  these  spots"  and  Bates  (Naturalist  on  the  Amazons) 
observed  the  sulphur-yellows  and  orange  Callidryas  statira.  C.  citbulc, 
C.  trite  and  C.  organic  congregating  on  the  wet  sand.  "They  assembled 
in  densely  packed  masses,  sometimes  two  or  three  yards  in  circumference, 
their  wings  all  held  in  an  upright  position,  so  that  the  beach  looked  as 
though  variegated  with  beds  of  crocuses." 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  123 

PHOEBIS  AGARITHE  MAXIMA  Neum.  and 
ANTEOS  CLORINDE  Godt. 

Hundreds  of  aggregations  of  these  two  species  were  seen  in 
moist  places  along  the  dirt  road  for  1 1  miles  to  the  Hacienda 
Santa  Engracia  at  Santa  Eugracia,  Tamaulipas.  Often  the 
entire  group  was  composed  of  the  first  species  alone  and  some- 
times a  smaller  number  of  the  second  kind  mingled  with  them  ; 
hut  the  latter  were  never  found  making  up  entire  clusters  by 
themselves.  P.  ayarithc  iiui.riina  is  a  large  yellow  butterfly 
whose  underwings  are  satiny  pale-green  in  the  sunlight,  al- 
though pinned,  dead  specimens  appear  only  yellow  and  seem 
to  have  lost  the  pale-green  shimmer  that  is  so  conspicuous  in 
the  tropical  sun.  A.  clorindc  is  a  white  butterfly  of  approxir 
mately  the  same  size,  with  a  large  yellow  blotch  on  each  upper 
wing,  which  is  invisible  when  the  wings  are  closed  in  repose; 
there  is  only  a  slight  greenish  tint  on  the  under  wings.  The 
yellow  ones,  P.  ayarithc  maxima,  were  by  far  the  most  abund- 
ant, and  when  A.  clorindc  appeared  at  all,  it  constituted  only 
from  5  to  W%  of  the  group.  Just  why  the  whites  never  ap- 
peared by  themselves  or  why  they  should  be  attracted  to  the 
yellow  groups  is  hard  to  decipher ;  but  both  species  have  a 
greenish  sheen  on  the  underside  of  the  wings  and  when  these 
are  exposed  to  view  the  color  might  be  the  attracting  feature. 
Or  since  both  species  belong  to  the  family  Pieridae,  there  may 
have  been  sufficient  family  resemblances  or  odor  similarities 
to  bring  them  together. 

Although  these  two  kinds  occurred  in  aggregations  of  vast 
numbers  and  in  many  places  beside  the  highway  and  in  the  dirt 
road,  they  invariably  selected  a  moist  area  in  the  bright  tropical 
sun.  Coming  upon  the  phenomenon  unexpectedly  as  I  did,  I 
soon  lost  all  notion  of  the  enormous  number  of  aggregations 
seen,  but  the  number  of  individuals  in  each  cluster  varied  from 
50  upwards  (to  the  best  of  my  ability  to  estimate)  to  2000  or 
more.  And  these  groups  were  not  far  apart,  either;  often  on 
the  dirt  road  a  half-dozen  snrh  clusters  could  be  counted  in  a 
space  of  a  hundred  yards. 

In  these  moist  spots  in  the  sunlight,  all  the  individuals  of  a 
cluster  would  quietly  rest  close  to  one  another,  their  bodies 


124  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '42 

almost  touching,  and  the  wings  tightly  closed  vertically  in  the 
air.  Thus  they  would  so  remain  for  long  periods  of  time  until 
disturbed ;  then  the  mass  would  explode  unto  a  swirling,  flutter- 
ing cloud  of  yellow  and  white ;  after  two  or  three  minutes,  the 
excitement  would  subside  and  they  gradually  settled  again  to 
the  moist  earth.  We  ourselves  were  compelled  regretfully  to 
plow  through  many  such  flocks  on  the  narrow  road,  and  we 
were  astonished  that  they  remained  undisturbed  by  the  ap- 
proaching automobile  until  it  was  practically  upon  them ;  they 
would  not  budge  from  their  places  of  rest  until  compelled  to 
flee — and  then  they  would  dash  in  pandemonium  from  under 
the  car  in  all  directions.  A  few  of  them,  of  course,  were  killed 
under  the  wheels,  and  a  few  more  by  the  impact  of  the  car, 
but  it  was  surprising  how  great  a  majority  of  them  escaped  to 
safety.  One  need  not  be  astonished,  however,  that  they  do 
not  react  to  an  approaching  car,  because  one  may  walk  to  the 
very  outskirts  of  their  ring,  stoop  down  and  close  the  fingers 
on  three  or  four  of  them  at  one  time  without  disturbing  their 
neighbors. 

It  was  interesting  to  watch  the  resettling  process  after  a 
group  had  been  alarmed  into  flight.  When  a  swarm  bursts  into 
action,  the  butterflies  do  not  fly  away  but  rise  in  a  body  and 
hover  wildly  over  their  roosting  place.  After  a  few  minutes  of 
agitation,  several  would  settle  on  the  ground,  sometimes  in  the 
identical  place  and  sometimes  in  a  similar  moist  spot  near  by. 
Others  would  follow  flying  lower  and  nearer  to  this  nucleus  on 
the  ground,  apparently  seeking  a  spot  on  which  to  land.  These 
seemed  unwilling  to  drop  anywhere  and  then  walk  to  the  de- 
sired spot,  but  were  always  bent  upon  alighting  in  the  center 
of  the  group,  where  they  would  at  once  come  to  rest  and  close 
their  wings.  As  more  and  more  crowded  into  the  center  of  the 
flock,  there  was  much  jostling  and  readjustment  of  positions 
of  those  already  there.  Thus  the  circle  gradually  enlarged  as 
if  by  the  slow  flow  of  the  molten  gold  from  the  center  outward. 
Often  a  new  arrival  would  try  to  alight  in  the  heart  of  the 
group  where  space  simply  did  not  exist  for  him ;  so  he  would 
drop  down  on  the  "shoulders"  of  the  others  and  wedge  his 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  125 

way  down  between  them  by  wiggling  from  side  to  side  until 
his  feet  too  touched  the  ground. 

At  two  places  near  Antiguo  Morelos,  we  saw  hundreds  of 
P.  agarithe  maxima  coming  out  of  the  woods,  against  the  wind 
and  flying  over  the  highway ;  from  time  to  time  some  of  them 
would  drop  low  and  join  the  groups  already  formed. 

As  stated  above,  the  congregations  were  composed  solidly 
of  the  large  yellows,  P.  agarithe  maxima,  or  of  this  species 
with  a  sprinkling  of  the  large  white  Anteos  clorinde  butterflies, 
or  again — but  very  rarely  with  the  smaller  yellow  butterfly, 
Eurcma  ncda  nclphe.2 

It  is  unfortunate  that  a  large  collection  was  not  taken  by 
which  to  determine  the  proportion  of  sexes  on  a  large  scale; 
those  taken  for  identification  were,  according  to  Mr.  O'Byrne, 
all  males. 

PAPILIO  CRESPHONTES  Cram,  and  P.  THOAS  AUTOCLES  R.  &  J. 

These  two  species  of  brilliant  yellow  and  black  butterflies 
so  much  resembled  one  another  that  I  was  surprised  to  learn 
that  there  were  actually  two  species  in  the  clusters.  The  aggre- 
gations were  not  nearly  so  abundant  as  were  those  of  P. 
agarithe  maxima  and  A.  clorinde,  but  they  occurred  frequently. 
Possibly  the  proportion  would  be  about  50  to  1.  Neither  were 
the  individuals  in  each  mass  so  numerous ;  they  usually  varied 
from  12  to  50,  but  in  the  muddy  road  to  Hacienda  Santa  En- 
gracia  several  clusters  must  have  contained  from  100  to  300 
individuals.  With  their  large  size  and  brilliant  hues,  they 
made  a  dazzling  bouquet  of  color.  They  never  mingled  with 
their  neighbors,  but  kept  as  a  unit  to  themselves,  regardless  of 
how  near  they  were  to  others. 

All  of  the  individuals  in  a  group  faced  in  one  direction,  and 
that  was  against  the  wind.  Their  wings  were  closed  and  held 
sail-like  high  in  the  air.  It  was  easy  to  learn  just  how  they 
acquired  the  uniform  position  in  relation  to  the  wind.  When 
alarmed  to  flight,  they  would  presently  re-settle  on  the  ground, 
haphazardly  facing  any  direction,  and  at  once  close  the  wings. 
These  would  make  a  perfect  weather-vane,  which  would  slowly 

"  See  later  page. 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May.    '42 

and  gently  swing  the  insect  around.  So  gradual  was  the 
change  that  it  was  almost  imperceptible,  until  presto !  the  en- 
tire group  was  facing  one  way.3 

Unlike  the  dense  crowding  in  the  yellpw-and-white  aggrega- 
tions previously  described,  the  members  of  these  Papilio  units 
were  always  from  one  to  two  inches  apart.  This  might  be  due 
to  the  fact  that  often  while  at  rest  they  had  spells  of  opening 
and  closing  the  wings,  and  they  could  not  have  done  this  with- 
out sufficient  space.  The  stately  wing  movements  of  these 

gorgeous  butterflies  when  at  rest  is  a  pleasing  spectacle  to  see, 
for  it  is  done  in  unison,  and  with  rhythmic  motion.  The  wings 
are  spread  about  one-quarter  open  and  then  closed  again  with  a 
slow,  quivering  motion.  All  move  together  as  if  in  measured 
time,  for  long  periods.  One  wonders  if  this  behavior  may  be 
a  courtship  pertormance,  or  merely  play  to  break  the  monotony 
of  a  mid-summer  tropical  day.  These  groups  were  also  always 
in  moist  places  in  the  sunlight. 

All  of  the  material  taken  for  naming  proved  to  be  males. 
PAPILIO  PHILOLAUS  Bdv. 

This  is  a  very  beautiful  butterfly  of  black,  decorated  with 
greenish  blue  bands  on  all  the  wings,  and  with  blotches  of  red 
on  the  margin  of  the  hind  wings.  It  was  rarely  seen  in  groups, 
and  the  few  clusters  discovered  consisted  of  only  6  to  12  indi- 
viduals, excepting  one  group  of  25.  They  too,  always  kept 
aloof  from  other  species.  The  groups  were  always  in  bright 
sunlight,  beside  the  mudholes  at  the  end  of  the  culverts.  They 
were  wary,  alert  and  hard  to  capture ;  however,  late  in  the  day 
when  it  became  very  cloudy,  they  were  easily  taken.  This 
suggests  that  sight  may  have  been  the  sense  that  warned  them 
of  approaching  danger.  In  these  groups  they  huddled  so  close 
to  one  another,  that  (when  the  sky  was  darkened)  by  closing 
two  fingers  about  them,  I  picked  up  eight  of  them  at  once. 
These  were  of  both  sexes. 

Despite  the  fact  that  P.  philohuts  did  not  mingle  with  other 
butterflies,  they  were  found  only  in  places  where  other  species 
also  had  congregated. 

(To  be  continued.) 

3  In  the  beautifully  colored  plate  in  "Butterflly  Travelers"  by  C.  B. 
Williams  (Nat.  Geo.  Mag.  May,  1937,  p.  577)  a  group  of  P.  inarccllus 
is  shown  with  "hoisted  sails"  on  a  muddy  bank  all  facing  one  way 
and  Hargitt  (Jour.  An.  Behav.,  5:  255,  1915,  has  observed  Paf>i!i'> 
asterios  orient  itself  in  respect  to  the  direction  of  the  wind  when  coming 
to  rest.  He  says  this  behavior  "was  not  merely  incidental  but  definite 
and  purposeful." 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

A  List  of  the  Dragonflies  (Odonata)  taken  near 
Brevard,  North  Carolina. 

By  MINTER  J.  WESTFALL,  JR.,  Cornell  University. 
(Continued  from  page  100.) 

23.  M.    ILLINOIENSIS    Walsh.      Two    males    taken    on    the 
French  Broad   River  near  Long   Shoals  July  31,    1940,  were 
identified  by  Mrs.  Gloycl.     Another  specimen   from  the  same 
locality  was  collected  July  29,  1941. 

24.  EPICORDULIA  PRINCEPS   (Hagen).     A  dozen  males  were 
taken  on  Lake  Osceola  June  18,  1940.  all  of  which  were  shot 
with  a  gun.     Two  males  were  taken  at  Lake  Kanuga  on  June 
13,    1940,  with  the  sling  shot.     On  June   17,   1939,  one  male 
was  taken  with  a  net  and  at  least  one  other  was  seen  at  Lake 
Osceola.     The  dark  areas  of  the  wings  are  quite  variable  in 
extent,  and  often  the  variations  don't  seem  normal.     The  spe- 
cimens when  compared  with  material  from  Massachusetts  seem 
darker,  and  the  proportions  of  the  male  abdominal  appendages 
seem  different,  but  further  study  of  this  species  and  its  varia- 
tions is  needed. 

25.  TETRAGONEURIA    CYNOSURA    (Say).     Common   in   June 
and  early  July  on  lakes.     The  variety,  T.  c.  simulans  Muttkow- 
ski  has  also  been  taken  in  the  lot  of  specimens. 

26.  SOMATOCHLORA   TENEBROSA    (Say).     Fairly  common  in 
August  and  September  around  camp  lake. 

_^_   27.  PERITHEMIS  TENERA  (Say).     Common  at  Lake  Osceola. 
Also  collected  at  camp  lake  in  August. 

28.  CELITHEMIS  ELISA  (Hagen).     Abundant  at  lakes  all  the 
summer. 

29.  C.  FASCIATA  Kirby.     Taken  on  all  the  lakes.     According 
to  Williamson's  key  of  1922  the  specimens  belong  to  this  spe- 
cies and  Dr.  Calvert  has  checked  them,  but  none  of  these  speci- 
mens has  the  brownish  or  yellowish  enclosed  area  on  the  basal 
half  of  the  hind  wings  so  characteristic  of  the  Florida  speci- 
mens ;  instead  this  area  is  clear. 

*30.  C.   VERNA    Pritchard.      Two   specimens   were   taken   on 
Lake  Kanuga  in  June  of  1939.     On  June  13,  1940,  they  were 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '42 

quite  common  in  the  marsh  at  this  same  lake  but  very  difficult 
to  capture  as  one  had  to  wade  in  mud  and  water  to  reach  them, 
and  they  were  very  alert.  Only  mating  pairs  could  be  taken 
with  a  net.  A  sling  shot  was  used  successfully  with  the  single 
males. 

31.  ERYTHRODIPLAX   MINUSCULA   (Rambur).     Common  al- 
most everywhere  around  the  lakes. 

32.  LIBELLULA    LUCTUOSA    Burmeister.      Common    on    the 
lakes  in  June  and  July  and  quite  easily  captured  in  some  places. 
Also  seen  occasionally  until  the  middle  of  September. 

33.  L.  AURIPENNIS  Burmeister.     Only  one  specimen  taken 
on  camp  lake  in  June,    1939,  and  checked  by  Dr.   Needham. 
This  record  is  included  with  some  doubt  as  there  has  been  so 
much  confusion  between  this  species  and  the   following  even 
by  experts.     The  one  specimen  can't  be  located  to  check  again 
on  the  identification,   and  all   the   specimens  taken   since  then 
have  been  L.  jesseatm. 

*34.  L.  JESSEANA  Williamson.  I  had  just  completed  an 
extensive  study  of  this  species  and  L.  anripcnnis  in  Florida  and 
could  easily  recognize  this  species  in  the  field  when  it  was  first 
seen.  About  seven  specimens  were  taken  on  the  camp  lake 
and  at  Lake  Kanuga  in  June,  1940.  On  June  13,  1940,  at 
Lake  Kanuga  I  noted  a  male  flying  in  tandem  with  a  female 
of  L.  cyanea  for  some  time,  but  several  attempts  to  collect  them 
failed.  During  1941  two  males  and  a  female  were  taken  at  the 
camp  lake  on  July  18,  27,  and  August  1,  while  one  was  seen  on 
June  12. 

35.  L.  CYANEA  Fabricius.     Very  common  on  lakes  and  taken 
from  June  12  to  August  11. 

36.  L.    FLAVIDA    Rambur.      Taken   quite   commonly   on   the 
camp  lake  from  June  19  to  August  22.    Also  collected  at  Lake 
Osceola. 

37.  L.  SEMIFASCIATA  Burmeister.     The  first  male  was  taken 
on  the  camp  lake,  June  19,  1941,  while  another  male  was  col- 
lected July  15.    Still  another  was  seen  at  the  same  place  July  20. 

38.  L.  PULCHELLA  Drury.     Not  uncommon  on  lakes. 

39.  L.   INCESTA   Hagen.     Common  on  lakes.     Taken   from 
June  17  to  August  17. 


Hii,    '42 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  129 

40.  L.  VIBRANS  Fabricius.     Only  one  male  has  as  yet  been 
taken  and  this  was  collected  at  the  camp  lake  on  July  9,  1941. 

41.  PLATHEMIS    LYDIA    (Drury).      Common    on    lakes    and 
small  streams  or  ditches  leading  into  them.     These  dragonflies 
are  fovind  patrolling  beats  on  the  streams,  flying  back  and  forth, 
or  they  may  be  found  far  back  up  in  the  fields. 

42.  SYMPETRUM    VICINUM    (Hagen).      Abundant   on   camp 
lake  in  August  and  September.     Many  reared  from  nymphs  at 
camp  lake. 

43.  PACHYDIPLAX    LONGIPENNIS    (Burmeister).      Abundant 
on  lakes.     Nymphs  quite  common  in  camp  lake. 

44.  ERYTHEMIS  SIMPLICICOLLIS  (Say).     Not  uncommon  on 
lakes. 

45.  PANTALA    HYMENEA    (Say).      Rare.     One   male   taken 
July  26,  1938,  although  I  believe  a  few  others  have  been  seen 
in  flight. 

46.  P.    FLAVESCENS    (Fabricius).      Abundant    in    1939    on 
camp  lake  and  elsewhere,  but  less  common  since  then. 

47.  TRAMEA  LACERATA  Hagen.     About  a  dozen  specimens 
taken  on  the  camp  lake  from  June  to  August  of  1939,  but  none 
seen  in  1940.     25  were  collected  in  1941   from  July  11  to  Au- 
gust 2,  and  many  more  were  seen. 

48.  T.  CAROLINA  (Linneaus).     Common,  especially  at  camp 
lake. 

*49.  CALOPTERYX  (AGRION)  ANGUSTIPENNE  (Selys).  Rare. 
Two  or  three  specimens  taken  and  sent  for  the  Cornell  collec- 
tion to  Dr.  Needham  who  has  identified  them  as  this  species. 
One  female  collected  on  Davidson  River,  June  20,  1939,  was 
checked  by  Mrs.  Gloyd. 

50.  C.  AMATUM  Hagen.     One  male  taken  on  the  Davidson 
River,  August  3,  1941,  has  the  apical  fourth  of  the  hind  wing 
dark  so  is  quite  distinctly  this  species.     A  female  taken  at  the 
same  time  would  probably  be  this  species  also.     There  is  some 
doubt  as  to  the  distinctness  of  this  and  the  former  species  by 
some  writers.     It  may  be  found  that  they  intergrade  into  each 
other. 

51.  C.  APICALE  Burmeister.    There  has  been  some  discussinn 
as  to  whether  this  is  a  good  species  or  not.     Tt  is  common  on 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '42 

the  French  Broad  River,  and  has  been  collected  from  June  to 
September.  Many  of  these  damselflies  were  also  found  on 
the  Little  River  and  a  few  were  taken  on  a  small  stream  leading 
into  Lake  Osceola.  The  specimens  have  been  referred  to  this 
species  by  Dr.  Needham. 

52.  C.    MACULATUM    ( Beauvois ) .      Abundant,   especially   on 
small   streams.      Along   tributaries   of    the    Davidson    River   in 
June  many  of  them  were  found,  while  fewer  were  seen  on  the 
river  itself. 

53.  HETAERINA  TITIA   (Drury).     One  male  was  taken  on  a 
small   stream   leading    from    Lake   Osceola,    August   24,    1941. 
while   another   male   was   taken   on   the   French    Broad    River, 
August  27. 

54.  LESTES  FORCIPATUS  Rambur.     Uncommon.     Few  taken 
near  Brevard,  June  16,  1939,  and  also  found  at  Lake  Kanuga. 

55.  L.   RECTANGULARIS   Say.     Abundant,  especially  at  camp 
lake,   beginning  to   appear   about   July    1.      Many   were   reared 
from  nymphs  at  this  lake. 

56.  L.  VIGILAX  Hagen.     Common  at  Lake  Osceola  on  Au- 
gust 29,   1939,  when  about  one  hundred  specimens  were  col- 
lected in  a  few  minutes.     Also  taken  at  other  lakes,  but  less 
commonly. 

57.  ARGIA    APICALIS    (Say).      Common    on    French    Broad 
River.      A    few   specimens   have   been   taken   each   summer   at 
camp  lake. 

58.  A.  BIPUNCTULATA  (Hagen).     Uncommon  in  the  grass  of 
the  marshy  edges  of  the  lakes. 

59.  A.  MOESTA  PUTRIDA   (Hagen).     This  damselrly  was  for 
the   first  time   found   commonly   on   the   French   Broad   River 
near  Long  Shoals  on  July  30,   1941.     About  four  males  were 
taken   but    large    numbers    were    seen.      They    were    especially 
found  at  rest  on  dead  brush  extending  a  considerable  distance 
out  into  the  river  where  it  was  sunny.     Many  mating  pairs 
were   noted.     This   species   was  also    found   on   the   Davidson 
River,  August  3  and  17. 

60.  A.  TIBIALIS  (Rambur).     Common  on  river  banks. 

61.  A.  TRANSLATA  Hagen.     Four  males  were  taken  on  the 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  131 

French  Broad  River,  July  30,  1941,  near  Long  Shoals.     Many 
others  were  seen. 

62.  A.  VIOLACEA    (Hagen).     Abundant  at  Lake  Kanuga  in 
June  and  taken  also  at  other  lakes  in  fewer  numbers,  and  also 
along  the  French  Broad  River. 

63.  AMPHIAGRION    SAUCIUM    (Burmeister).      Not   taken    in 
such  large  numbers  but  found  at  Lake  Kanuga,  June  13,  1939, 
and  camp  lake  in  June  and  July. 

64.  CHROMAGRION  CONDITUM   (Hagen).     Fairly  common  in 
June  on  lakes.     Abundant  at  Lake  Kanuga  on  June  17,  1941, 
when  30  or  40  males   were  taken  during  the  morning  while 
collecting  other  species,  and  many  more  were  seen.      Mating 
pairs  began  to  appear  in  the  afternoon. 

65.  TELEALLAGMA  (ENALLAGMA)  DAECKII  (Calvert).     One 
male  taken  at  camp  lake  August  10,  1939. 

66.  NEHALENNIA    GRACILIS     Morse.       Abundant    at     Lake 
Kanuga  in  June.    A  hundred  specimens  collected  in  a  few  min- 
utes by  sweeping  back  and  forth  through  the  grass. 

67.  ENALLAGMA  DIVAGANS  Selys.     Occasional  on  camp  lake. 

68.  E.    HAGENI    (Walsh).      Found  on  camp  lake  and  else- 
where in  June  and  July. 

69.  E.  GEMINATUM  Kellicott.    One  female  taken  at  camp  lake, 
June   14,   1941.     Five  males  were  collected  from  lily  pads  at 
Lake  Osceola  on  August  11,  1941. 

70.  E.  SIGNATUM  (Hagen).     Not  uncommon  on  lakes. 

71.  E.  EXSULANS  (Hagen).     Occasional  on  lakes,  and  com- 
mon at  Lake  Kanuga  in  June,  1941. 

72.  E.  DOUBLEDAYI  ( Selys ) .     Abundant  on  lakes. 

73.  E.  CIVILE  (Hagen).    A  number  taken  on  lakes,  especially 
in  June,  also   in  July.     Unusually  common   in  June,    1941.  at 
camp  lake,  being  collected  until  August  1 1 . 

74.  E.  ASPERSUM  (Hagen).    Abundant  on  lakes. 

*75.  E.  KASIDENS  Calvert.  One  mating  pair  taken  at  camp 
lake,  June  12,  1940,  and  identified  by  Mrs.  Gloyd.  Dr.  1'..  El- 
wood  Montgomery  lists  this  species  from  South  Carolina,  but 
certainly  there  are  very  few  published  records  for  this  species 
cast  of  the  Mississippi  River.  In  1'Ml,  one  male  was  taken  on 


132  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '42 

June  14  at  camp  lake.  The  next  day  three  males  were  collected 
at  Lake  Osceola  and  on  June  17  another  was  found.  On  August 
11  over  fifty  specimens  were  taken,  a  few  females  in  the  lot. 
Then  again  on  August  24  about  thirty  were  taken  at  the  sanu 
lake.  Many  more  were  seen. 

76.  E.  TKAVIATUM  Selys.    Abundant  at  Lake  Osceola  on  Junv 
13,   1940.     A  hundred  or  more  were  easily  taken  \\  tli  a   few 
sweeps  of  a  net.    Comparatively  rare  in  1941. 

77.  ISCHNURA  POSITA  (Hagen).     Quite  common  on  lakes. 

78.  I.  KELLICOTTI  Williamson.     Several  taken  on  lily  pads  in 
Lake  Osceola  in  September,  1939. 

79.  I.  VERTICALIS  (Say).    Abundant  at  Lake  Kanuga  in  June, 
and  several  found  on  other  lakes. 

80.  ANOMALAGRION  HASTATUM  (Say).    Abundant  on  lakes. 


The   Mating  Habits  of  Robberflies    (Diptera:   Asilidae). 

The  courtship  of  Promachus  bastardi  Macquart — A  female 
of  this  species  was  observed  about  4:00  P.  M.  to  alight  upon 
some  dense  alder  bushes  about  four  feet  from  the  ground. 
While  watching  it,  a  male  was  seen  to  dart  towards  it  to 
within  about  six  or  eight  inches  of  the  resting  female.  It  hung 
poised  before  it  at  this  distance  and  on  a  level  with  it,  tor 
about  two  or  three  seconds  whereupon  it  backed  away  in  a 
straight  line  with  a  speed  and  facility  equal  to  its  onward  rush. 
It  poised  here  perhaps  a  second,  perhaps  two,  then  with  a 
straight  rush  flew  to  and  pounced  upon  the  female ;  the  male 
engaged  the  terminal  apparatus  of  the  female  with  its  own, 
flexed  the  female's  abdomen  upward  a  number  of  times  and  all 
the  while  was  humming,  its  wings  vibrating  vigorously ;  in 
other  respects  the  female  was  quiet.  After  a  short  period  on 
the  shrub  as  described,  about  eight  to  ten  seconds,  the  two 
flew  away  in  copula  and  were  netted.  The  female  was  found 
to  be  feeding  upon  an  individual  of  the  common  honey  bee. 

The  mating  of  Era.v  interruptus  Macquart. — An  individual 
was  found  in  copula  with  a  female  upon  the  ground,  and  creep- 
ing quite  close  to  it  the  pair  was  observed.  The  male  clasped 
the  head  of  the  female,  especially  the  eyes,  and  for  some  time 
tilted  the  female's  head  back  and  forth  sidewise. 

These  observations  were  made  at  Oxford,  Mississippi ;  those 
upon  Promachus  on  June  23,  1941,  those  upon  Era.r  several 
years  ago. — FRANK  M.  HULL,  University  of  Mississippi. 


liii.    '42  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  133 

Effect  of  Reduced  Food  Supply  upon  the  Stature  of 
Camponotus  Ants  (Hymen.:  Formicidae).1 

By  FALCONER  SMITH.- 

Underfeeding  is  considered  an  important  factor  in  the  pro- 
duction of  minima  in  colonies  of  ants.  \Yheeler  (1926)  cites 
observations  which  show  that  insufficient  food  results  in  the 
diminution  of  stature  among  ant  progeny.  Ezhikov  (1934) 
suggests  that  the  stases  or  castes  in  polymorphic  ants  develop 
under  conditions  similar  to  those  found  in  a  controlled  experi- 
ment in  which  experimental  groups  (minima)  feed  below 
optimum.  Wesson  (  1940)  shows  that  underfeeding  in  a  labora- 
tory colony  of  Lcptothora.v  inhibits  the  production  of  queens. 
It  is  true  also  among  other  insects  that  insufficient  larval  nour- 
ishment produces  nanism  among  imagines,  and  Herms  (1928) 
finds  that  smaller  adults  of  species  of  Theobaldia  and  Lucilia 
follow  from  larval  underfeeding. 

It  has  been  possible  to  explain  the  occurrence  of  minima  in 
incipient  colonies  of  Camponotus  in  which  the  food  supply  is 
assumed  to  be  below  optimum.  It  is,  however,  necessary  to 
seek  some  other  explanation  for  the  production  of  minima 
in  large  and  flourishing  Camponotus  colonies  where  the  num- 
bers of  foraging  ants  are  great  and  a  correspondingly  large 
amount  of  food  is  available  to  the  growing  larvae.  Variation 
in  the  trophic  behavior  of  the  nurses  towards  the  larvae  may 
result  in  the  overfeeding  of  certain  larvae  and  the  underfeeding 
of  others,  so  that  the  well-fed  individuals  would  become  larger 
pupae.  Another  explanation  for  the  occurrence  of  minima  in 
large  colonies  of  Camponotus  may  depend  upon  the  seasonal 
fluctuations  in  the  food  supply  received  by  the  colony,  but  my 
own  observations  and  those  of  Pricer  (  1908)  show  that  the 
ratio  of  minima  to  maxima  in  colonies  of  Camponotus  is  nearly 
constant  from  season  to  season.  It  was  thought  worthwhile 
to  conduct  an  experiment  in  which  some  of  the  larvae  of  a 


'  This  study  is  a  portion  of  the  dissertation  presented  to  the  Faculty 
of  Harvard  University  in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements  fur 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy. 

-  Contribution  no.  4.  Department  of  Zoology,  University  of  Tennessee, 
Knoxville. 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NE\YS  |  May.    '42 

large  colony  of  Camponotus  would  be  underfed,  while  other 
larvae  from  the  same  colony  received  an  abundance  of  food. 

A  large  colony  of  Camponotiis  herculcaniis  subspecies  penn- 
sylvanicus  de  Geer  was  taken  at  Weston,  Massachusetts,  with 
the  larvae  in  February  1941.  120  nurse  ants  were  selected  at 
random  and  distributed  among  four  artificial  nests  ( Fielde 
type)  as  shown  in  the  table.  Each  nest  was  provided  with  100 
larvae  varying  from  1.0  mm.  to  1.5  mm.  in  length.  The  nests 

No.                   No.                   No.  No.  Pupae  No.  Heads  Av.  Head 

Nest              Nurses  Larvae  Feedings  Produced  Measured  Width 

11                     30                    100                    24                     54                    43  47.5 

21                     30                    100                    24                    60                     53  47.3 

31                     30                    100                      8                     25                    22  43.8 

41                     30                    100                      8                     31                     27  43.4 

Range  of  Head  Widths  Standard  Deviation  of 
Largest     Smallest  Head  Widths 

62  39  3.92 

62  42  4.31 

47  40  2.13 

50  41  2.16 

Table  to  show  the  effect  of  reduced  food  supply  upon  the  stature, 
etc.,  of  the  progeny  of  a  colony  of  Cccmponotus  herculcaniis  subspecies 
pcnnsylvanicus. 

were  maintained  for  77  days  under  as  nearly  identical  condi- 
tions as  possible  except  that  nests  31  and  41  were  given  food 
only  8  times,  while  nests  11  and  21  were  given  food  24  times, 
during  the  course  of  the  experiment.  Experience  showed  that 
feeding  every  3  to  4  days  provided  the  ants  with  an  abundance 
of  fresh  food  at  all  times.  A  stock  food  composed  of  macer- 
ated calve's  liver  sweetened  with  molasses  was  used.  Distilled 
water  was  constantly  present  in  each  nest  for  the  ants  to  drink. 
Pupae  were  removed  when  they  appeared  in  the  nests.  After 
the  end  of  the  pupation  period  (about  20  days)  the  imagines 
were  removed  from  the  pupal  covering  and  the  width  of  the 
head  through  the  compound  eyes  was  measured  with  an  ocular 
micrometer.  The  measurements  were  tabulated  in  ocular  units. 
The  width  of  the  head  was  employed  as  an  index  of  the  stature 
of  the  ants.  See  Palenitschko  (1927). 

It  is  evident  from  the  table  given  above  that  fewer  pupae 
were  produced  in  colonies  31  and  41.  This  is  due  to  cannibal- 
ism of  the  larvae  by  the  nurses,  and  to  the  death  of  some  of 
the  larvae.  The  average  stature  of  the  ants  produced  in  nests 


lil'i,     '-1 2  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  135 

31  and  41  was  less  than  in  nests  11  and  21,  despite  the  greater 
amount  of  cannibalism  noted  in  nests  31  and  41.  The  stature 
of  the  ants  reared  in  nests  31  and  41  varied  less  than  in  nests 
11  and  21,  as  can  be  seen  in  the  last  two  columns  of  the  above 
table.  The  larger  ants  produced  in  nests  11  and  21  were  as 
large  as  media  found  in  natural  colonies,  while  the  smaller 
ants  were  somewhat  smaller  in  stature  than  the  minima  in 
natural  colonies. 

From  the  experiment  just  described  it  is  clear  that  a  re- 
duced food  supply  results  in  a  diminution  of  the  average  stature 
of  progeny  in  colonies  of  Camponotns  licrculeanus  subspecies 
pennsylvcmicus  and  that  larger  forms  with  greater  variation 
among  themselves  result  when  nutritional  conditions  for  the 
larvae  are  more  nearly  optimum.  From  this  it  is  seen  that 
underfeeding  is  at  least  one  factor  involved  in  the  production 
of  minima  in  large  colonies  of  Camponotus. 

Cannibalism  of  the  larvae  increased  when  the  food  supply 
was  reduced,  but  took  place  even  when  an  abundance  of  food 
was  provided  for  the  nurses. 

REFERENCES 

EZHIKOV,  T.  1934.  Individual  variability  and  dimorphism 
of  social  insects.  American  Naturalist  vol.  68  pp.  333-334. 

HERMS,  \V.  B.  1928.  The  effect  of  different  quantities 
of  food  during  the  larval  period  on  the  sex-ratio  and  size  of 
Lncilia  s  eric  at  a  Meigen,  and  Thcobaldia  incidens  (Thorn.). 
Jour.  Econ.  Ent.  vol.  21  pp.  720-729. 

PALENITSCHKO,  Z.  G.  1927.  Zur  vergleichenden  Varia- 
bilitat  der  Arten  und  Kasten  bei  den  Ameisen  Zeits.  fiir  Wiss. 
Biol.  Alit.  A.  vol.  9  pp.  410-438. 

PRICER,  J.  L.  1908.  The  life  history  of  the  carpenter  ant. 
Biol.  Hull.  Vol.  14  pp.  177-218. 

WESSON,  L.  G.,  JR.  1940.  An  experimental  study  on  caste 
determination  in  ants.  Psyche  vol.  47  pp.  105-111. 

WHEELER,  WM.  M.  1926.  Ants,  their  Structure,  Develop- 
ment and  Behavior.  2nd  Edition  1926,  p.  107.  Columbia 
I'niv.  Press,  X.  V. 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May.  '42 

Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Siphonaptera,  Mainly  from 

Pennsylvania. 

By  H.  S.  FULLER.1 

A  collection  of  fleas  belonging-  to  the  Carnegie  Museum, 
Pittsburgh,  was  recently  sent  by  Dr.  G.  E.  Wallace  for  identi- 
fication. With  one  exception  (Pulcx  irritans),  the  specimens 
were  collected  in  Pennsylvania.  As  this  collection  contains 
several  interesting  records,  the  data  are  presented  herewith. 
The  species  are  listed  in  the  sequence  used  by  Fox  (1940)  in 
his  recent  book. 

Family  PULICIDAE. 

PULEX  IRRITANS  Linnaeus.  Ferryland,  Newfoundland, 
Summer  1937,  no  host  data,  15  males  and  46  females  (B.  W. 
Brooks). 

The  record  of  Pule.v  irritans  taken  at  Ferryland,  Newfound- 
land, is  especially  interesting.  Dr.  Wallace  writes  that  the 
specimens  were  collected  by  Drs.  B.  W.  and  S.  T.  Brooks  from 
a  bed.  The  fleas  were  very  abundant  in  Ferryland  and  very 
annoying,  biting  people  during  the  daytime  as  well  as  at  night. 
The  inhabitants  of  the  town,  a  small  fishing  village  near  St. 
Johns,  referred  to  the  fleas  as  dog  fleas,  and  the  common 
belief  was  that  the  fleas  were  acquired  from  dogs,  or  were 
picked  up  along  the  beach.  Fleas  were  not  noted  by  Drs. 
Brooks  in  nearby  St.  Johns,  although  this  must  not  be  taken 
to  indicate  their  absence  there. 

Ewing  (1931)  has  listed  some  authentic  records  of  the  oc- 
currence of  Pulcx  irritans  in  the  United  States,  based  on  speci- 
mens seen  by  him.  In  his  list,  Fall  River,  Massachusetts,  rep- 
resents the  northernmost  point  on  the  eastern  seaboard  from 
which  this  species  has  been  recorded.  Fox  (1940)  mentions 
no  records  from  New  Hampshire  or  Maine.  Buxton  (1941) 
has  mapped  the  approximate  recorded  distribution  of  P.  irritans. 
The  map  is  based  on  data  obtained  from  the  literature  to  the 
end  of  1938,  and  from  an  examination  of  tubes  of  specimens 
in  Tring  Museum.  On  this  map,  which  is  too  small  to  show 

1  From  the  Department  of  Comparative  Pathology  and  Tropical 
Medicine,  Medical  School  of  Harvard  University,  Boston,  Mass. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  137 

exact  detail,  the  distribution  of  P.  irrituns,  as  shown  by  black- 
ened areas,  appears  to  extend  up  the  eastern  coast  of  North 
America,  at  least  as  far  north  as  Massachusetts.  There  is  also 
an  area  in  the  region  of  Montreal ;  but  New  Brunswick,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  Newfoundland  are  not  indicated  on  the  map  as 
localities  from  which  it  has  been  recorded.  Thus  the  present 
series  of  Pule.v  irr  items,  from  Ferry  land,  provides  a  new  north- 
eastern locality  record  for  this  species. 

CEDIOPSYLLA  SIMPLEX  (Baker).  Coraopolis,  October  13, 
1937,  off  Gray  Fox,  one  female  (R.  L.  Fricke).  Clearfield, 
October  13,  1941,  off  Rabbit,  one  male  (M.  Clement). 

CTENOCEPHALIDES   FELIS    (Bouche).     Ligonier,   October   3, 
1941,  no  host  data,  one  male   (C.  D.  Ambrose).     Pittsburgh, 
October  21,  1941,  off  Opossum,  one  female  (G.  E.  Wallace). 
Family   DOLICHOPSYLLIDAE. 

CTENOPHTHALMUS  PSEUDAGYRTES  Baker.  Linesville,  May  25, 
1940,  off  Star-nosed  Mole,  9  males  and  14  females  (R.  L. 
Fricke). 

CONORHINOPSYLLA  STANFORDI  Stewart.  Shcakley ville.  Mer- 
cer County,  November  1,  1940,  off  Fox  Squirrel,  two  females 
(James  Kosinki). 

Conorhinopsylla  stanfordi,  although  apparently  not  common 
in  collections,  has  been  recorded  previously  from  the  Red  Squir- 
rel (type  host),  Gray  Squirrel,  and  Flying  Squirrel.  Thus 
the  Fox  Squirrel,  Sciurus  niger,  represents  an  additional  host 
record,  and  Pennsylvania  is  a  new  locality  for  this  species. 

OROPSYLLA  ARCTOMYS  (Baker).  Pymatuning  Swamp,  Lines- 
ville, April  14,  1932,  off  Marmota  sp.,  14  males  and  16  females 
(W.  L.  Black). 

ODONTOPSYLLUS  MULTISPINOSUS  Baker.  Pymatuning 
Swamp,  March,  1933,  off  Rabbit,  1  male  and  2  females  (J.  K. 
Doutt).  Coraopolis,  October  13,  1937,  off  Gray  Fox,  one 
female  (R.  L.  Fricke). 

ORCHOPEAS  WICKHAMI  (Baker).  Pittsburgh,  Xovember 
23,  1940,  off  Gray  Squirrel,  17  males  and  41  females  (Janu-^ 
Kosinki).  Pymatuning  Swamp,  March,  1933,  off  Sciurus  hud- 
sonicus,  5  females  (J.  K.  Doutt)  ;  March  11,  1933,  in  arboreal 


13X  KNTOMoi.or.icAL  NEWS  |  May,  '42 


mouse  nest,  one  male  (].  K.  Doutt)  ;  March  1933,  off  Flying- 
Squirrel,  4  males  and  8  females  (J.  K.  Doutt).  Upper  Talley- 
cavey,  south  of  Bakerstown,  Allegheny  County,  June  14,  1937, 
off  Fox  Squirrel  in  captivity,  22  males  and  27  females  (  R.  L. 
Fricke). 

O.  LEUCOPUS  (Baker).  Dorseyville,  February  2,  1940,  off 
t'croinyscns  sp.,  3  males  and  2  females  (  O.  Brown).  Pyma- 
tuning  Swamp,  March,  1941  off  Pcroinyscus  sp.,  5  males  and 
27  females  (J.  K.  Doutt)  ;  March,  1941,  off  Microtits  sp.,  one 
female  (J.  K.  Doutt)  ;  March,  1933,  off  Zapus  sp.,  one  female 
(J.  K.  Doutt). 

Family  HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE. 

HYSTRICHOPSYLLA  GIGAS  TAHAVUANA  Jordan.  Linesville, 
May  25,  1940,  off  Star-nosed  Mole,  one  female  (R.  L.  Fricke). 

Hystrichopsylla  gigcis  tahavuana  is  likewise  an  uncommon 
flea  in  collections,  and  it  is  remarkable  for  its  large  size.  The 
present  specimen  represents  a  new  host  and  the  first  record 
for  Pennsylvania. 

EPITEDIA  FACETA  (Rothschild).  Pymatuning  Swamp, 
March,  1933,  off  Sclnrus  hudsonicus,  one  female  (J.  K.  Doutt). 

Epitcdia  faccta  was  described  by  Rothschild  (1915)  from 
male  and  female  collected  at  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  off  Sciurus 
hudsoniciis.  No  further  records  are  known  to  the  writer  and 
he  has  not  examined  the  types.  The  present  specimen  is  some- 
what damaged,  the  head  and  foreleg  having  separated  from 
the  body,  although  they  are  mounted  on  the  same  slide.  The 
specimen  is  differentiated  from  E.  u'cnnwniii  and  E.  tcstor, 
on  the  basis  of  characters  of  the  genitalia  and  the  seventh 
sternite.  The  receptaculum  seminis  possesses  a  long  sausage- 
shaped  head  which  is  much  longer  than  the  tail,  in  agreement 
with  E.  faccta,  and  differing  from  the  other  two  species.  Fur- 
thermore, the  seventh  sternite  is  divided  by  a  wide  shallow 
sinus  into  two  lobes  of  about  the  same  size  and  shape.  The 
upper  lobe  is  not  acuminate,  and  it  does  not  extend  further 
distad  than  the  lower  one.  These  points  of  distinction  seem 
to  justify  the  determination  of  this  specimen  as  Epitcdia  faceta. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  further  material  from  the  same  source 
will  be  collected  in  the  future. 


liii,    '42  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  139 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

BUXTON,  P.  A.  1941.  The  Recorded  Distribution  of  Cer- 
tain Fleas.  Bulletin  of  Entomological  Research,  32,  yart  2,  pp. 
119-122,  August. 

EWING,  H.  E.  1931.  Some  Factors  Affecting  the  Distribu- 
tion of  and  Variation  in  North  American  Ectoparasites.  The 
American  Naturalist,  65,  pp.  360-369. 

Fox,  IRVING.  1940.  Fleas  of  Eastern  United  States,  pp. 
i-vii  -f-  1-191,  Ames,  Iowa. 

ROTHSCHILD,  N.  CHARLES.  1915.  On  Neopsylla  and  Some 
Allied  Genera  of  Siphonaptera.  Ectoparasites,  1,  part  1,  pp. 
30-44. 


The  Eastern  Ant  Cricket  (Myrmecophila  pergandei 
Brun.,  Orthoptera,  Gryllidae)  in  Illinois.* 

By  WM.  P.  HAYES,  Department  of  Entomology, 
University  of  Illinois. 

Six  species  of  ant  crickets  of  the  genus  Myrmecophila  have 
been  described  from  the  United  States  but  only  four  are  now 
regarded  as  valid  (Hebard,  1920,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc., 
46:91 ).  Comstock  (  1924,  Intro,  to  Ent..  1st  ed..  p.  249)  called 
these  small  gryllicls,  "ant-loving  crickets"  but  in  Europe  they 
are  generally  known  as  "ant-crickets."  These  insects  are  com- 
monly found  in  the  nests  of  ants  but  have  been  taken  alone 
in  or  under  logs  where  no  ants  were  found.  Their  food  is 
supposed  to  be  the  secretions  from  the  bodies  of  ants  which 
are  said  to  be  "licked"  up  by  the  crickets,  with  their  hypo- 
pharynx. 

( )f  our  four  American  species,  three  ( M .  nebrascciisis  Lug- 
ger, .11.  orcyoncnsis  Bruner  and  M.  uiaiuii  Schimmer)  occur 
only  west  of  the  Alississippi,  while  M.  pergandei  Brun.  is  the 
•  inly  species  found  in  the  eastern  states.  The  range  of  .17. 
f>crgcnnlci  extends  westward  to  Nebraska  and  southward  to 
Florida.  Hebard  (I.e.  1920)  has  cited  the  northward  distribu- 
tion as  Maryland,  District  of  Columbia  and  Virginia.  Indiana 

*  Contribution  No.  224  from  the  Entomological  Laboratories  of  the 
University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  Illinois. 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  May,    '42 

specimens  have  been  found  only  in  the  southern  half  of  the 
state.  In  Hebard's  revision  of  the  genus  no  records  of  dis- 
tribution were  known  for  Illinois.  His  more  recent  work 
(1934,  Orth.  and  Derm,  of  111.,  111.  State  Nat.  Hist.  Surv., 
Bui.  Vol.  20,  p.  257)  records  the  rinding  of  1\I.  pcryandei  in 
three  places  in  southern  Illinois.  In  this  work  he  stated, 
"Though  Murphysboro  is  a  northern  limit  this  inhabitant  prob- 
ably occurs  throughout  southern  Illinois,  as  it  is  known  from 
Indiana  as  far  north  as  Mitchell."  According  to  Hebard  (I.e. 
1934),  Illinois  records  of  this  species  are  from  Shawneetown, 
Murphysboro  and  Olive  Branch.  The  Shawneetown  specimens 
were  collected  in  April,  those  at  Murphysboro  in  May  and 
those  at  Olive  Branch  in  September.  The  latter  collection  in- 
cluded six  young. 

During  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1941  three  collectors 
have  found  this  species  in  ant  nests  in  the  vicinity  of  Cham- 
paign and  Urbana,  Illinois,  which  is  about  175  miles  farther 
north  in  Illinois  than  the  Murphysboro  record.  Mr.  James 
Slater  found  specimens  in  an  undetermined  ant  nest  within  the 
City  of  Urbana  on  August  13,  1941.  Mr.  Bernard  Berger 
found  one  female  in  an  ant  nest  at  Urbana  on  August  12  and 
1  male  in  another  nest  on  October  6  in  Champaign.  The  writer 
took  one  specimen  on  April  17  at  Urbana  in  the  nest  of  the 
cornfield  ant,  Las-ins  nigcr  americana. 

Mr.  Berger's  specimens  are  deposited  in  the  Illinois  State 
Natural  History  Survey  collection  and  also  in  this  collection 
are  one  male,  one  adult  female  and  two  female  nymphs  col- 
lected in  the  nest  of  the  acrobat  ant,  Cfemastogaster  lineolata, 
by  Mr.  Floyd  G.  Werner  in  LaSalle  County,  Feb.  12,  1938, 
much  farther  north  than  Urbana.  The  Field  Museum  collec- 
tion at  Chicago  has  specimens  from  Summit,  Illinois,  near 
Chicago,  300  miles  north  of  Murphysboro  and  from  Olive 
Branch  so  that  it  is  probable  that  the  species  is  distributed  all 
over  the  state.  The  specimens  from  ( )live  15 ranch  were  col- 
lected in  September  and  October,  1909,  while  the  Summit 
specimens  were  taken  by  H.  Dybas,  April  1 1,  1941.  Mr.  Rupert 
Wenzel,  of  the  Field  Museum,  recently  stated  (unpublished) 


liii,    '42 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  141 

that  these  ant  crickets  are  taken  commonly  at  Summit,  Argo, 
Justice  and  other  points  along  the  Illinois  drainage  canal  in  the 
spring  and  that  they  occur  with  ant  hosts  of  different  genera. 

The  Western  species,  .17.  nebrascensis,  is  thought  by  Hehard 
(1920,  /.c.  p.  Ill)  to  be  the  species  referred  to  by  Lugger 
(1898,  Orth.  of  Minn..  Third  Ann.  Kept.  State  Ent.  Minn.)  in 
his  reference  to  an  undetermined  species  from  Minnesota. 
Since  the  known  northern  range  of  .17.  nebrascensis  is  Nebraska, 
it  is  possible,  since  .17.  pergandei  is  known  from  so  far  north  in 
Illinois,  that  Lugger's  reference  may  have  been  to  M.  pergandei. 
Lugger  figured  a  dorsal  and  side  view  of  a  species  which  he 
called  M.  nebrascensis  and  which  Comstock  (1924.  Intro,  to 
Ent.,  1st  Ed.,  p.  249)  has  used  under  the  name  of  M.  pergandei. 
Hebarcl  (  1920,  I.e.  p.  92)  pointed  out  that  all  the  four  Ameri- 
can species  "are  very  closely  related  and  may  eventually  prove 
to  be  geographic  races  of  one  species." 

The  following  ants  have  been  cited  by  Hebard  (1920,  I.e.  p. 
95)  as  hosts  of  M.  pergandei:  Cremastogaster  lincolata,  Aplia- 
enogaster  trcatac,  Lasins  umbratns,  I'onnica  fitsca,  I'onnica 
pattidefulva,  Formica  trnnicola.  Camponotw  licrculeauns,  and 
Camponotus  castanciis.  The  observation  recorded  above  of  its 
occurrence  in  the  nest  of  Lasins  niger  ainericana  is  new.  al- 
though the  western  species,  M.  nuinni  Sch.  has  been  recorded 
with  "Lasius  niger." 

The  life  histories  of  American  species  have  not  been  studied. 
Wheeler  (1900,  Psyche,  9:111),  Schimmer  (1909,  Zeits.  Wiss. 
Zool.,  93:409)  and  Hebard  (1920,  Tr.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  4f>:91) 
have  made  observations  on  their  biology.  Schimmer  has  studied 
in  detail  the  external  and  internal  morphology  of  the  European 
.17.  aecii'orniu.  He  figured  the  egg  and  has  noted  that  egg- 
laying  in  this  species  occurs  from  May  to  October  (6  months). 
Both  nymphs  and  adults  hibernate  in  ant  nests  and  at  least  two 
and  probably  three  years  are  required  to  complete  their  life  his- 
tory in  Europe.  The  finding  of  nymphs  and  adults  of  .17. 
pergandei  on  February  12,  1938,  in  LaSalle  County  by  Mr. 
Werner  suggests  a  similar  life  history  for  our  American  specie. 
Schimmer  (I.e.  1909)  has  included  an  extensive  bibliography  in 
his  paper. 


142  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '42 

Herbert  Morrison  in  Mexico. 

By  the  late  EUGENE  MURRAY-AARON,  Field 
Museum,  Chicago.* 

In  the  almost  endless  task  of  solving  bibliographic  puzzles 
in  Rhopaloceran  taxonomy  I  seem  to  have  overlooked  an  item 
of  collecting  history  that  I  could  have  set  at  rest  long  since. 
On  page  27,  of  their  list  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera,  Barnes  and 
Benjamin,  questioning  the  right  of  Mcgatliyinits  drucci  Skin- 
ner to  membership  in  our  boreal  fauna,  say : 

"This  name  *  *  *  is  credited  to  our  fauna  by  Skinner  and 
Williams,  1924,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  L,  208,  on  the  strength 
of  a  statement  by  Schwarz,  1897,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  IV, 
209,  that  Morrison's  material  came  from  near  Fort  Grant  in 
the  Graham  Mts.,  Arizona.  This  refers  to  Coleoptera.  At 
least  some  of  Morrison's  Lepidoptera  appear  to  have  been 
collected  in  the  Huachuca  Mts.,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that 
Morrison  did  get  into  Mexico." 

It  seems  strange  that  Schwarz,  writing  barely  a  decade  after 
the  event,  should  have  been  at  all  uncertain  on  the  Morrisonian 
wanderings.  I  knew  Herbert  Morrison  quite  intimately,  visited 
him  at  his  home,  Morganton,  North  Carolina,  1878,  where  he 
first  went  to  escape  the  inevitable,  lurking  for  him  in  New- 
England  winters.  In  search  of  a  land  where  t.b.  victims  could 


:  This  article  was  submitted  by  its  author  in  November,  1939,  for 
publication  in  Entomological  News.  On  acknowledging  its  receipt,  it 
was  suggested  to  him  that  he  add  the  dates,  as  detailed  as  possible,  of 
Morrison's  collecting  trips  in  Arizona  and  Sonora,  from  his  correspond- 
ence. A  reply  "for  Dr.  Murray- Aaron,"  of  January  8,  1940,  stated  that 
he  had  a  very  serious  cold  but  that  as  soon  as  possible  he  would  reply 
to  the  inquiry  for  data  regarding  the  Herbert  Morrison  collecting 
trips.  Waiting  for  this  information,  nothing  further  was  done  in  the 
matter  until  September.  1941,  when  assistance  was  sought  of  Mr. 
William  J.  Gerhard,  of  the  Field  Museum.  Mr.  Gerhard  answered 
October  4,  1941  :  "I  fear  that  the  dates  of  Morrison's  collecting  trips 
in  Arizona  and  Sonora  will  prove  unattainable,  for  Dr.  Eugene  Murray- 
Aaron  died  on  Friday,  September  20,  1940,  at  the  age  of  86,  and  he  was 
buried  on  the  following  Monday  afternoon.  I  do  not  know  how  well 
he  kept  his  notes  and  correspondence,  hut  I  doubt  that  his  wife  would 
be  able  to  supply  the  desired  information."  As  it  does  not  appear  that 
anything  will  be  obtained  by  further  waiting,  the  article  is  now  published 
in  the  form  in  which  Dr.  Murray-Aaron  sent  it  to  the  News.  Those 
versed  in  ancient  history  will  recall  that  he  was  the  first  editor  of 
Entomological  News,  January  and  February,  1890. — EDITOR. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  143 

live  and  he  fairly  active,  he  later  went  to  Arizona.  Later  1 
joined  him  in  the  Graham  mountain  region  for  a  short  visit. 
From  there  we  crossed  into  the  state  of  Sonora,  Mexico,  col- 
lecting somewhat  around  Nogales  and  finally  going  for  a  brief 
trip  south  to  Hermosillo.  Judging  from  correspondence  of 
that  far  off  day,  now  more  than  a  half  century  past,  Morrison 
later  collected  as  far  south  as  Guaymas,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia. Of  one  thing  I  am  positive,  I  have  data  of  Hesperids, 
on  labels  in  his  unmistakable  handwriting,  collected  at  Hermo- 
sillo. And  of  another  thing ;  there  never  went  forth  from  this 
land  a  more  carefully  exact  collector  than  Herbert  Morrison. 
He  was  as  conscientious  regarding  data,  as  he  was  careful  in 
handling  specimens  or  bravely  optimistic  to  the  very  last  of 
an  all-too-short,  but  worthwhile  life.  If  his  label  said 
"Arizona,"  that  state  it  was;  if  "Mexico,"  then  the  specimen 
was  caught  south  of  the  boundary. 


The  Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and  Montgomery 
Counties,  Virginia  (Lepid. :  Rhopalocera).  ' 

By  CARROLL  E.  WOOD,  JR.  and  CARL  W.  GOTTSCHALK. 

After  six  years  of  rambling  over  the  Virginia  hills  catching 
butterflies,  while  being  thought  crazy,  feeble-minded  or  merely- 
peculiar ;  after  being  chased  out  of  fields,  accosted  for  a  fishing 
license,  and  called  upon  for  lengthy  explanations  of  their 
actions,  the  writers  feel  they  have  accumulated  enough  material 
to  attempt  at  least  a  partial  account  of  the  butterflies  of  the 
Roanoke  area. 

Although  scattered  papers  have  appeared  from  time  to  time 
concerning  the  butterflies  of  western  Virginia,  the  only  lists  of 
them  from  this  region  that  have  been  published  are  an  incom- 
plete list  of  the  species  occurring  in  Rockbridge  County,  north- 
east of  Roanoke  County,  by  the  Rev.  Ellison  A.  Smyth,  TV. 
and  a  list  of  the  species  found  in  two  week's  collecting  on  Apple 
Orchard  Mountain  in  Bedford  County,  adjoining  Roanoke 
County  on  the  east,  by  Dr.  Austin  H.  Clark2.  Col.  Wirt  Rob- 


1  The  Raven,  9:  56-58,   Tuly,   1938. 
"  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  47:   177-180. 


144  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '42 

inson,  U.  S.  Army,  sent  many  specimens  from  Nelson  County 
to  the  Hon.  Walter  (later  Lord)  Rothschild  and  some  of  these 
are  listed  in  Rothschild  and  Jordan's  revision  of  the  American 
swallowtails. 

In  the  course  of  34  years  of  collecting,  from  1891  to  1925, 
while  Professor  of  Biology  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  (1902-06) 
of  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  the  late  Dr.  Ellison  A. 
Smyth,  Jr.,  found  92  species  and  suhspecies  of  butterflies  in 
Montgomery  County,  mostly  from  the  area  around  Blacksburg. 
He  was  so  kind  as  to  allow  us  free  access  to  his  large  collection 
and  the  use  of  his  records.  The  Montgomery  County  records, 
with  the  exception  of  that  of  Ervniiis  zarucco  which  was  taken 
by  Dr.  Clark,  are  accordingly  taken  from  Dr.  Smyth's  collec- 
tion which  remains  at  his  home  in  Salem. 

Several  of  the  Roanoke  County  records  are  also  the  result 
of  Dr.  Smyth's  collecting  which  he  carried  on  in  Salem  after 
his  retirement. 

During  the  past  six  years,  the  authors  have  taken  92  species 
within  Roanoke  County.  An  additional  species,  Phocbis  pliilca, 
was  taken  by  Dr.  Smyth,  and  is  the  only  record  of  this  butter- 
fly for  Virginia.3  Of  these  93  species,  12  are  not  known  from 
Montgomery  County,  while  12  of  those  from  Montgomery 
are  unknown  from  Roanoke  County,  thus  making  a  total  of 
105  species  and  subspecies  from  both  counties.  It  is  more  than 
probable  that  many  of  the  twenty-four  known  from  only  one 
county  or  the  other  occur  in  both,  but  have  simply  evaded  the 
collectors'  nets. 

LOCATION  AND  TOPOGRAPHY  OF  THE  AREA. 

Roanoke  and  Montgomery  Counties  are  situated  in  south- 
western Virginia  near  the  southern  end  of  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  the  main  valley  highway,  Route  11,  crossing  both  coun- 
ties more  or  less  in  the  central  portion.  Roanoke  County  with 
the  county  seat  at  Salem,  eight  miles  west  of  the  city  of  Roan- 
oke, has  an  area  of  305  square  miles,  while  adjoining  Mont- 
gomery County,  with  the  county  seat  at  Christiansburg,  has 
an  area  of  401  square  miles. 


3  Clark,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  51  :  1-6. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  145 

Both  counties  have  a  very  diversified  terrain  ranging  from 
the  gently  rolling,  intensively  cultivated  valley  floor  which  rises 
westward  from  an  altitude  of  1,006  feet  at  Salem  to  2,007  feet 
at  Christiansburg,  to  the  crests  of  the  Alleghenies  at  an  altitude 
of  about  4,000  feet.  The  mountains  are  now  clothed  with 
second  growth  woods,  none  of  the  original  forest  cover  having 
been  preserved  in  either  county. 

The  drainage  of  all  of  Roanoke  County  and  the  eastern 
portion  of  Montgomery  County  is  toward  the  Atlantic.  The 
Roanoke  River,  rising  in  the  latter  county  and  draining  most 
of  the  area,  cuts  through  the  Blue  Ridge  at  the  eastern  line  of 
Roanoke  County  and  then  flows  southeastward  into  Albemarle 
Sound  in  North  Carolina.  The  western  section  drains  into  the 
New  River  which,  forming  the  greater  part  of  the  western 
boundary  of  Montgomery  County,  flows  across  West  Virginia 
and,  becoming  the  Great  Kanawha,  joins  the  Ohio  at  Point 
Pleasant.  The  New  River  is  of  particular  interest  here  because 
it  pierces  the  high  mountains  along  and  beyond  the  northwest- 
ern borders  of  Montgomery  and  Roanoke  Counties  which 
form  more  or  less  of  a  barrier  to  the  entry  of  species  from  the 
region  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Before  the  settlement  of 
this  region,  the  buffalo  migrated  along  this  river  valley  to  and 
from  Virginia,  and  it  is  possible  that  certain  butterflies  may 
also  have  entered  by  this  route. 

FAUNAL  ZONES  AND  COMPONENTS. 

The  valley  floor  in  Roanoke  County  lies  in  the  Upper  Austral 
or  Carolinuin  Life  Zone.  Above  the  valley  floor  most  of  the 
area  of  both  counties  belongs  primarily  to  the  Transition  or 
Allcghenian  Zone,  the  predominant  life  zone  in  the  mountainous 
western  portion  of  Virginia.  Presumably  before  the  mountains 
were  deforested,  the  higher  altitudes  were  inhabited  by  faunal 
elements  of  the  southern  extension  of  the  Canadian  Zone,  but 
these  have  almost  wholly  disappeared  from  both  counties,  the 
Transition  Zone  fauna,  intermixed  with  various  Austral  ele- 
ments, being  dominant  to  the  mountain  tops.  However,  the 
most  characteristic  butterfly  of  the  southern  extension  of  the 
Canadian  Zone,  Polygonia  fauiuts  sinytlii,  is  known  from  Mont- 
gomery County  and  is  common  on  the  high  mountains  not  far 


146  KXTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  |  May,  '42 

away  in  Giles  County.  Also  known  from  the  area  are  Incisalia 
polios  and  Pyrgus  ccntaureae  which  should  probably  be  re- 
garded as  Canadian. 

In  the  area  covered,  a  large  part  of  the  butterfly  fauna  cannot 
be  regarded  as  belonging  typically  to  the  Transition  Zone. 
However,  a  number  of  species  arc  more  or  less  confined  to  this 
zone.  Among  the  more  characteristic  of  these  seem  to  be : 

Satyrodes  eurydice  Rhabdoicles  cellus 

Polygonia  progne  Erynnis  brizo 

Euphydryas  phaeton  Erynnis  icelus 

Phyciodes  nycteis  Hesperia  metea 

Argynnis  bellona  Hesperia   leonardus 

Argynnis  idalia  Hesperia   sassacus 

Argynnis  diana  Polites  mystic 

Argynnis  aphrodite  Poanes   hobomok 

Nymphidia  borealis  Atrytonopsis  hianna 

Glaucopsyche  lygdamas  Amblyscirtes  hegon 
Strymon  liparops 

It  will  be  noted  that  these  are,  for  the  most  part,  species  which 

stay  rather  close  to  home  and  do  not  fly  great  distances. 
I'n  addition,  several  forms  usually  associated  with  the  Upper 

or  Lower  Austral  Zone  have  been  taken  in  the  area.     Chief 

among  these  are : 

Strymon  m-album  Eurema  nicippe 

Atlides  halesus  Polites  brettus 

Phoebis  phi  lea  Lerodea  eufala 

Eurema  jucunda  Panoquina  ocola 

A.  halesus,  P.  philca,  P.  brettus,  as  well  as  E.  jucunda,  are 
clearly  summer  or  casual  visitors ;  the  first  three  are  known 
from  but  a  single  example  each,  taken  in  late  summer  or  fall. 
E.  jucunda  appears  in  July  and  flies  until  frost,  apparently  dy- 
ing out  during  the  winter.  All  specimens  of  jucunda  that 
we  have  taken  are  apparently  offspring  of  the  earlier  migrants 
to  this  region,  as  all  have  been  practically  "scale-perfect"  speci- 
mens, indicating  that  they  have  not  flown  any  appreciable 
distance.  The  complete  absence  of  the  earlier  brood  of  jucunda 
indicates  that  this  species  does  not  successfully  survive  the 
winter  months  here.  Perhaps  L.  eufala  and  P.  ocola  also 
become  temporarily  established  in  this  region  in  summer,  but 
it  is  doubtful  that  they  overwinter.  Eurema  nicippe,  however, 
has  been  found  to  overwinter  successfully  in  Roanoke  County, 
for  unworn  examples  are  frequently  taken  in  early  April.  These 
vernal  specimens,  as  well  as  those  captured  in  late  fall,  are 
reddish  below  on  the  hind  wings,  instead  of  yellow  as  in  the 
summer  examples. 

(To  1)e  continued.) 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  147 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
in  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  tp  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in    the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Anon. — Retirement  of  Dr.  Arthur  Gibson. 
[4]  74:  36.  Coyner,  W.  R. — Insect  distribution  and  sea- 
sonal succession  in  overgrazed  and  normal  grasslands. 
[Univ.  Oklahoma  Bull.]  No.  850:  105-106.  Knowlton, 
G.  F. — Insects  in  killdeer  stomach.  [19]  37:  23.  Lemmer, 
F.— Obituary  by  G.  P.  Engelhardt.  [19]  37:  4-5,  ill. 
McKeown,  K.  C. — Strange  insect  meals.  An  entomological 
by-way.  [Australian  Mus.  Mag-.]  7:  397-398.  Nemeth,  F. 
F. — Insect  galls  of  West  Virginia.  [Castanea]  7:  16-19,  ill. 
de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. — A  brutal  way  to  clean  insects. 
[19 1  37:  19-20.  On  color  characters  as  specific  criteria.  [19| 
37 :  9. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Butler,  C.  G.  and 
D.  J.  Finney — The  influence  of  various  physical  and  bio- 
logical factors  of  the  environment  on  honey  bee  activity. 
An  examination  of  the  relationship  between  activity  and 
Milar  radiation.  [Jour.  Exp.  Biol.]  18:  206-212.  Campbell, 
W.  G. — The  relation  between  nitrogen  metabolism  and  the 
duration  of  the  larval  stage  of  the  death  watch  beetle 
<  Xestobium  rufovillosum)  reared  in  wood  decayed  by 
fungi.  [Biochem.  Jour.]  35:  1200-1208.  Ewer,  R.  F.— On 
the  function  of  haemoglobin  in  Chironomus.  |  lour.  Kxp. 
Biol.  |  18:  197-205.  Gunn,  D.  L.  and  H.  S.  Hopf— The 
biology  and  behavior  of  Ptinus  tcctus  (Col.  Ptinidae)  a 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '42 

pest  of  stored  products.  II  The  amount  of  locomotor  ac- 
tivity in  relation  to  experimental  and  previous  tempera- 
tures. [Jour.  Exp.  Biol.J  18:  279-289.  III.  The  effect  of 
temperature  and  humidity  on  oviposition,  feeding  and  dura- 
tion of  life  cycle.  [Ib.j  290-305.  Pyle,  R.  W.— The  fiber 
tracts  of  the  fused  thoracic  ganglia  of  the  adult  Ephestia 
kuehniella  (Pyralid.).  [5]  48^:  1>3-128.  ill.  Shull,  A.  F.- 
The  mechanism  through  which  light  and  heat  influence 
genetic  factors  for  wing  development  in  aphids.  [42J  89: 
183-196.  Trim,  A.  R. — Studies  on  the  chemistry  ot  the  in- 
sect cuticle.  I.  Some  general  observations  on  certain  Arthro- 
pod cuticles  with  special  reference  to  the  characterization 
of  the  proteins.  [Biochem.  Jour.]  35:  1088-1098.  Vazques, 
L.  y  M.  T.  B.  Villasenor — Estudios  acera  del  sistema  nervi- 
oso  de  los  insectos.  I.  La  celulas  neurosecretoras  en  il  sis- 
tema nervioso  del  cucarachon  de  agua  (Benacus  griseus 
Say).  [112]  12:  773-779. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Bryant,  E.  B.— 

Notes  on  the  spider  fauna  of  New  England.  [5]  48:  129-146, 
ill.  Petrunkevitch,  A. — A  study  of  amber  spiders.  [Trans. 
Conn.  Acad.  Arts  &  Sci.j  34:  119-464  pp.,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Breland, 
O.  P. — See  under  Diptera.  Linduska,  J.  P. — Bottom  type 
as  a  factor  influencing  the  local  distribution  of  mayfly 
nymphs.  [4]  74:  26-30. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Adamson,  A.  M.— Mole-cricket  para- 
sites of  the  genus  Larra  in  Trinidad.  [Trop.  Agric.  Trini- 
dad] 19:  43-45.  Gurney,  A.  B. — The  study  and  collecting 
of  Zoraptera.  [Ward's  Nat.  Sci.  Bull.]  15:  69-71,  ill. 
Knowlton  &  Stains — See  under  Diptera. 

HEMIPTERA. — Davis,  W.  T. — The  seventeen-year  ci- 
cada, Brood  XV.  [19]  37:  1-3.  Knowlton,  G.  F.— Aphids 
in  Buprestid  burrow.  [19]  37:  18.  Leach  &  Mullin— The 
daily  flight  of  aster  leafhoppers  as  determined  by  a  light 
trap.  [W.  Va.  Univ.  Bull.]  15:  93-95,  ill.  McKenzie,  H.  L. 
—New  species  of  pine-infesting  Margarodidae  'from  Cali- 
fornia and  southwestern  United  States  (Margarodid.) 
[117]  7:  1-18,  ill.  Seasonal  history  of  the  Margarodid  scale, 
Matsuccocus  bisetosus,  occurring  on  Ponderosa  and  Jeffrey 
pines  in  California  (Margarodid.).  [117]  7:  19-24,  ill.  Shull, 
A.  F. — See  under  Anatomy. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bowman,  K.— A  note  on  Colias 
eurytheme,  with  description  of  a  new  race  (Pierid.).  [4] 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  149 

74:  25.  Brooks,  G.  S. — A  revised  check  list  of  the  butter- 
flies of  Manitoba.  [4]  74:  31-36.  Brown  &  McGuffin— New 
descriptions  of  larvae  of  forest  insects,  Anomogyna  (Pha- 
laenid.).  [4]  74:  21-25,  ill.  Engelhardt,  G.  P.— A  serious 
outbreak  of  the  fall  canker  worm,  Alsophila  pometaria  due 
in  1942.  [19]  37:  18.  Felt,  E.  P.— The  gypsy  moth  threat 
in  the  United  States.  [Eastern  Plant  Bd.,  Md.]  Circ.  No. 
1 :  16  pp.,  ill.  Forbes,  W.  T.  M. — The  lepidoptera  of  the 
Dry  Tortugas.  [5]  48:  147-148.  Frederick,  A.  C.— Butter- 
fly collecting-  records.  [19]  37:  20.  Remington,  C.  L. — The 
distribution  of  Hemiargus  isola  east  of  the  Mississippi 
River.  [19]  37:  6-8. 

DIPTERA.— Breland,  O.  P.— Robber  fly  and  dragon 
fly.  [19]  37:  35.  Dalmat,  H.  T.— A  new  Cuterebra  (Cutere- 
brid.)  from  Iowa  with  notes  on  certain  facial  structures. 
[119]  27:  418-421,  ill.  Harmston  &  Knowlton— The  dipter- 
ous genus  Campsicnemus  in  North  America.  [19]  37:  10- 
17,  ill.  (k*).  Hull,  F.  M. — 'Descriptions  of  some  new  species 
of  Syrphidae.  [5]  48:  149-165,  ill.  Knowlton  &  Stains- 
Robberfly  attacks  grasshoppers.  [19]  37:  42.  Lindeman,  R. 
L. — 'Seasonal  distribution  of  midge  larvae  in  a  Senescent 
Lake.  [119]  27:  428-444,  ill.  Power,  M.  L.— Giant  chromo- 
somes in  the  larvae  of  Cynomya  cadaverina  (Metopiid.). 
[Univ.  Oklahoma  Bull.]  No.  850:  107.  Reinhard,  H.  J- 
Notes  on  Fabriciella  with  descriptions  of  five  new  species 
(Tachinid.).  [19]  37:  24-30,  ill.  Wilcox  &  Martin— Change 
in  name  in  Diptera.  [19]  37:  35. 

COLEOPTERA.— Campbell,  W.  G.— See  under  Ana- 
tomy. Gunn,  D.  L.  and  H.  S.  Hopf — See  under  Anatomy. 
Hammack,  D.  F. — Experimental  populations :  Interactions 
of  Tribolium  confusum  and  Bruchus  quadrimaculatus. 
[Univ.  Oklahoma  Bull.]  No.  850:  106.  Linsley,  E.  G.- 
Systematics  of  the  Meloid  genera  Hornia  and  Allendesala- 
zaria.  [67]  7:  169-187,  ill.  (k*).  White,  B.  E.— A  new 
species  of  Luperodes  with  notes  on  other  Coleoptera 
(Chrysomelid.,  Buprestid.).  [19]  37:  31-34.  Williams,  R. 
W. — A  note  on  the  life-cycle  of  Tetraopes  femoratus  (Cer- 
ambycid.).  [5]  48:  169-170. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bequaert,  J.— An  annotated  list  of 
the  Yespiclae  of  West  Virginia.  [W.  Va.  Univ.  Bull.]  15: 
67-72.  bow,  R. — A  new  Stizus  from  Utah,  with  notes  on 
the  other  North  American  species  (Sphecid.).  [5]  48:  171- 
181,  ill.  (k).  Gahan,  A.  B. — Descriptions  of  five  new  spe- 


150  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '42 

cies  of  Chalcidoidea,  with  notes  on  a  few  described  species. 
[50J  92:  41-51.  Linsley  &  McSwain — The  parasites,  pre- 
dators, and  inquiline  associates  of  Anthophora  linsleyi. 
[119]  27:  402-417,  ill.  Rau,  P.— The  nesting-  habits  of 
Bombus  medius,  the  Mexican  bumblebee.  [5]  48:  166-168. 
Tulloch,  G.  S. — The  thoracic  structure  of  Pseudogynes  of 
Formica  sanguinea  (Formicid.).  [19]  37:  21-23,  ill.  Wal- 
lace, G.  E. — Observations  on  the  life  history  of  a  new 
chalcidoid  wasp,  an  internal  parasite  of  ant-lion  larvae. 
[An.  Carnegie  Mus.]  29:  31-40,  ill. 


Thysania  zenobia  at  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts 
(Lepid.:  Noctuidae). 

A  Thysania  zcnobia  Cramer  was  picked  up  on  the  lawn  of 
the  Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.,  Sept. 
1,  1941.  It  was  battered,  appearing  as  if  it  had  been  crushed 
into  the  radiator  of  an  automobile.  Although  dead,  it  was  still 
fresh  and  limp.  The  identification  made  at  the  time  by  Dr. 
Eleanor  Slifer  has  been  subsequently  confirmed  by  Mr.  Sher- 
man Moore  of  Detroit.  This  incidence  of  T.  zcnobia  so  far 
north  is  unusual,  but  not  unique. — IVOR  CORNMAN,  Dept.  Zool- 
ogy, University  of  Michigan. 


OBITUARY. 

The  death  of  Dr.  C.  HART  MERRIAM,  founder  in  1885  and 
and  until  1910  Chief  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Biological 
Survey  (now  known  as  the  Fish  and  Wild  Life  Service),  on 
March  19,  1942,  at  the  age  of  eighty-six  years,  was  announced 
in  Science  for  March  27.  His  proposed  life-zones  for  North 
America  (1889)  have  had  much  influence  in  zoo-geographic 
work  by  entomologists  and  others.  A  discussion  of  them  by 
Prof.  R.  F.  Daubenmire,  of  the  University  of  Idaho,  with  an 
accompanying  bibliography,  appeared  in  The  Quarterly 
of  Biology  for  September,  1938. 


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this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
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I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
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Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
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Wanted— To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster,  Saskatchewan,  Canada, 

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Avenue,  Lansdowne,  Pcnna. 

Coccinellidae  wanted  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  especially  South 
and  Central  America.  Buy  or  exchange.  G.  H.  Dieke,  1101 
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1939.  405  pp. 
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1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1085. — Robinson   (M.). — Studies  in  the  Scarabaeidae  of  N.  Am. 

II.   (68:  127-136,  ill.,  1941) 20 

DIPTERA 

1092. — Fisher  (E.  G.).- — Distributional  notes  and  keys  to  Amer- 
ican Ditomyiinac,  Diadocidiinae,  and  Ceroplatinae,  with 
descr.  of  n.  sps.  (Mycetophilidae).  (67:  275-301,  2  pis., 
1941)  60 

1087.- — Richards  (A.  G.  Jr.). — Differentiation  between  toxic  and 
suffocating  effects  of  petroleum  oils  on  larvae  of  the 
house  mosquito  (Cules  pipiens).  (67:  161-196,  5  pis., 
1941)  85 

M-lO — Huckett  (H.  C.)- — A  revision  of  the  N.  Am.  sps.  belong- 
ing to  the  gen.  Pegomyia  (Muscidae).  (Mem.  10,  131 
pp.,  9  pis.,  1941)  3.00 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1091. — Brower  (A.  E.). — A  new  sp.  of  Metalectra  from  eastern 

N.  Am.   (Phalaenidae).   (67:  271-274,  ill.,  1941) 15 

NEUROPTERA 

1084. — Ross    (H.    H.). — Descriptions    and    records    of    N.    Am. 

Trichoptera.  (67:  35-126,  13  pis.,  1941) 2.00 

ODONATA 

1089. — Needham  (J.  G.). — Life  history  studies  on  Progomphus 
and  its  nearest  allies  (Aeschnidae).  (67:  221-245,  ill., 
1  pi.,  1941)  .50 

ORTHOPTERA 

1088. — Hebard  (M.). — The  group  Pterophyllae  as  found  in  the 

U.  S.  (Tettigoniidae).  (67:  197-219,  2  pis.,  1941) 50 

1086. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — On  new  and  previously  known  sps. 

of  Pneumoridae  (Acridoidea).  (67:  137-159,  ill.,  1941)..  .45 

1090. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — Notes  on  and  records  and  descr.  of 
Oriental  bird-locusts  (Acrididae).  (67:  247-270,  2  pis., 
1941)  55 

1083. — Roberts  (H.  R.). — Nomenclature  in  the  Orthoptera  con- 
cerning genotype  designations.  (67:  1-34,  1941) 65 

1093. — Uvarov  (B.  P.). — New  and  less  known  southern  Pala- 

earctic  Orthoptera.  (67:  303-361,  5  pis.,  1942) 1.25 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


JUNE.  1942 


Vol.  LIII 


No.  6 


CONTENTS 

Rau — Clouds  of  Butterflies  in  Mexico:  A  Study  in  Butterfly  Aggrega- 
tions (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera) 151 

Changes  at  the  Ohio  State  University 155 

Memorial  Tablet  to  Dr.  Levi  W.  Mengel 155 

Knight — Stittocapsus  new  genus  and  Calocoris  texanus  new  species 

from  the  United  States  (Hemiptera:  Miridae)  .           156 

Wood  and  Gottschalk — The  Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and    Montgomery 

Counties,  Virginia  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera) 159 

Causey — Six  New  Diplopods  of  the  Family  Xystodesmidae        ....  165 

Worth — Again:  Why  does  Gyrinus  Circle?  (Coleoptera:  GyrinidaeJ    .  170 
Balduf — Color     Aberrance    in    Diabrotica    12-punctata    Fab.     (Col.: 

Chrysomelidae) 171 

The  Malaria-carrying  Anopheles  gambiae  (Diptera:  CulicidaeJ    .    .    .  172 

List  of  Titles  of  Publications (unnumbered) 

Current  Entomological  Literature 173 

Review  of  Essig's  College  Entomology 178 

Review  of  Fernald  Club  Yearbook  for  1941 180 

Distribution  of  Insects  by  Airplanes 180 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  JUNE,  1942  No  6 


Clouds  of  Butterflies  in  Mexico:    A  Study  in 
Butterfly  Aggregations  (Lepid. :  Ehopalocera), 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

(Continued  from  page  126.) 
VlCTORINA    STELENES    BIPLAGIATA    FrullSt. 

This  large  black  butterfly  is  beautifully  decorated  in  green, 
and  according  to  Holland  is  quite  common  throughout  tropical 
America.  It  is  an  individualist,  and  does  not  often  congregate, 
but  many  individuals  are  often  seen  at  rest  singly  in  culverts 
and  under  bridges.  However,  one  group  of  11  was  seen  at 
high  noon  near  the  Canyon  de  Galeana,  resting  on  the  moist 
ground  near  groups  of  other  species.  These  were  all  very 
close  together,  with  wings  erect,  and  during  the  hour  that  I 
watched  them  they  never  moved  except  when  at  long  inter- 
vals one  or  another  of  them  would  partly  open  and  slowly  close 
the  wings.  There  was  no  regularity  about  the  motion,  and 
rarely  did  two  of  them  move  at  the  same  time.  This  particular 
spot  was  rich  in  groups  of  butterflies  of  various  species  but 
there  was  no  intermingling.  Again  all  of  the  samples  taken 
for  identification  were  males. 

COLAENIS  JULIA  Fabr. 

This  is  a  brick-red  butterfly,  delicately  marked  in  black. 
Many  of  them  rested,  singly  or  in  twos  and  threes,  on  the 
shaded  walls,  floors,  and  entrances  of  large  culverts  under  the 
highway.  Although  many  groups  of  other  kinds  of  butterflies 
were  nearby,  these  remained  by  themselves.  Further  down 
the  highway,  three  other  small  groups  of  4  to  6  each  were 
seen  under  exactly  the  same  conditions.  They  rested  1  to  3 
inches  apart,  and  only  occasionally  one  or  another  would  gently 
open  and  close  its  wings. 

151 


152  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

ACHLYODES  THRASO  Hbn. 

This  dark  brown  butterfly  has  a  purple  tinge  on  the  wings. 
The  dull  colors  of  pinned  specimens  in  a  cabinet  give  a  very 
false  idea  of  the  rich  coloring  of  the  living  wings  in  the  dazzling 
tropical  light. 

These  were  seen  in  aggregations  only  a  few  times.  They 
were  found  as  neighboring  groups  of  Colcanis  jnlia.  The 
clusters  comprised  from  12  to  20  individuals,  resting  precisely 
at  wings-length  from  one  another,  and  this  because  the  wings 
were  always  spread  three-fourths  open.  A  dozen  butterflies 
in  this  position  made  a  striking  shimmering  mosaic,  indeed. 

The  behavior  of  a  new  member  entering  the  group  was 
entertaining  to  see.  The  newcomer  would  drop  to  the  ground 
on  the  outskirts  of  the  circle  and  slowly  make  its  way  into  the 
group,  walking  in  a  hobbling  manner,  and  occasionally  flipping 
the  wings  to  measure  its  distance  from  the  others.  Not  until 
its  wings  touched  others,  did  it  stop,  open  its  wings  and  lan- 
guidly relax.  When  a  flock  was  disturbed  into  flight,  they 
all  soon  returned,  each  one  following  the  routine  just  described, 
until  all  rested  again  in  a  precisely  spaced  group. 

ANAEA  AIDEA  Guer. 

Several  thousand  of  these  reddish-brown  butterflies  were 
resting  on  two  stone  walls  of  a  bridge  near  Yalles;  they  were 
not  in  groups,  and  showed  no  tendency  to  gregariousness.  They 
were  merely  at  rest  in  the  same  shelter  where  they  took  posi- 
tions on  the  walls  without  any  systematic  order.  All  of  the 
>amples  collected  were  males. 

THREE  SPECIES  OF  EUREMA  BUTTERFLIES 
All  along  the  highway  many  aggregations  of  small,  yellow 
butterflies  of  one  or  more  species  were  seen.     So  many  groups 
were  observed  and  their  behavior  was  so  much  the  same  that 
it  is  only  necessary  to  give  the  details  of  one  such  group. 

This  cluster,  near  Rio  Tampaon,  contained  approximately 
150  yellow  butterflies  of  three  species,  all  of  which  look  much 
alike  to  the  layman.  They  were :  Enrcnui  gratiosa  ingrata 
Felder,  E.  mexicana  Bdv.  and  E.  ncda  nclplie  Felder.  Also 
several  solid  clusters  of  Eurcnia  ncda  nclphc  Felder  of  10  to  25 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  153 

butterflies  each  were  seen  in  moist  places  between  Rio  Purifi- 
cacion  and  Villa  Juarez.  Although  the  aggregations  were 
near  other  groups,  the  yellows  kept  to  themselves.  About  two 
dozen  specimens  of  these  three  species  were  taken,  and  all 
were  males. 

On   rare   occasions   a  large   cluster   of   these   small   yellows 
would  contain  a  few  of  the  large  yellow  ones,  Phocbis  agarithe 
maxima,  and  in  one  instance  a  group  of  50  yellow  Eurcma  sp. 
had  among  them  12  blue  skippers  of  unknown  name. 
MOTTLED  BLACK,  BROWN,  RED  AND  SALT-AND-PEPPER 

BUTTERFLIES. 

An  aggregation  of  about  75  butterflies  which  appeared  to  be 
of  three  species  but  proved  to  be  of  five,  was  observed  at  a 
moist  place  near  the  highway  ten  miles  north  of  Victoria.  Color 
was  no  barrier  in  this  group,  since  among  them  were  black 
and  red  mottled  ones ;  black  ones  with  white  spots  on  the  upper 
wings  and  red  on  the  lower  wings ;  black,  white  and  red  mottled 
ones,  and  black  and  red  banded  ones.  The  various  colors  har- 
monized well  together  since  all  were  of  somber  hue  and  all  were 
of  about  the  same  size. 

The  five  species  identified  among  this  aggregation  were : 
Ph\ciodes  vesta  Edw.,  form  boucardi  Godm.  and  Salv. ;  An- 
thanassa  texana  Edw. ;  Chlosyne  sp.  near  lacinia  Gey. ;  C. 
hicinia  adjutrix  Scud. ;  and  C.  janais  Drury.  It  is  interesting 
to  note  that  all  five  species  belong  to  the  family  Xymphalidae. 

Several  thousand  Chlosyne  lacinia  adjutrix  Scud,  were  seen 
also  on  the  walls  and  ceiling  of  a  culvert  under  the  highway 
during  the  hottest  and  dryest  part  of  the  day  near  Edinburg. 
Texas,  in  the  Rio  Grande  Valley.  These  were  gregariously 
close  together  in  ten  groups,  and  when  disturbed  would  soon 
resettle  in  the  same  place.  Out  of  16  specimens  brought 
home,  only  two  were  females.  Among  the  five  species  all  were 
males  except  for  a  few  females  of  A.  texana. 

CHIOMARA  ASYCHIS  Cram. 

Among  many  clusters  of  various  species  in  a  moist  area 
under  a  bridge  15  miles  south  of  Rio  Purificacion  was  one 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '42 

lone  group  of  this  gray  and  white  butterfly,  Chiomara  asychis 
Cram.  There  were  20  in  this  lot,  all  quietly  at  rest,  2  to  3 
inches  apart,  but  they  kept  as  a  unit  and  did  not  mingle  with 
the  others  all  around  them.  Half  of  the  lot  was  taken,  and  all 
were  males. 

PRECIS  LAVINIA  ZONALIS  Felder. 

Under  the  same  bridge  were  two  aggregations  of  about  a 
dozen  butterflies  each  of  Precis  laviuia  zonalis  Felder.,  the 
brown  butterfly  that  is  dappled  in  red  and  has  eye-spots  on  the 
wings.  Both  sexes  were  present. 

ATHENA  CHIRON  Fain-. 

Again  under  the  same  bridge  were  clusters  of  this  butterfly, 
a  dark  brown  insect  with  delicate  bands  of  a  lighter  brown  on 
the  wings.  The  two  groups  of  10  and  15  individuals  each 
were  in  moist  places  and  kept  aloof  from  other  aggregations. 
The  random  sample  proved  to  be  males. 

ATHENA  PETREUS  Cram. 

These  bright  red  butterflies  with  slight,  black  margins  on 
all  four  wings  were  found  in  several  localities  from  Villa 
Juarez  to  Valles,  congregating  in  moist  places  in  groups  of  6 
to  12.  They  rested  quietly,  about  an  inch  apart.  The  speci- 
mens taken  were  all  males. 

CHIOIDES  ZILPA  Butl. 

This  is  a  black  butterfly  with  a  few  white  blotches  on  the 
upper  wings;  the  hind  wings  taper  to  form  a  short  tail,  which 
in  living  specimens  is  somewhat  twisted.  This  species  was 
often  seen  between  Valles  and  Tamazunchale,  on  cool,  wet 
ground  or  on  walls  of  culverts.  They  were  non-social  and 
each  individual  kept  strictly  to  himself.  The  few  specimens 
taken  were  males. 

CHLOSYME  JANAIS  Drurv  and  MICROTIA  ELVA  Bates. 
Here  are  two  species  of  butterflies  often  intermingling,  and 
belonging  to  different  genera  of  the  family,  Nymphalida''. 
Both  are  similarly  colored  in  black  and  orange.  The  former 
species  is  large,  has  black  front  wings  with  occasional  white 
blotches,  and  orange  hind  wings  bordered  in  black;  the  latter 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  155 

species  is  smaller  and  is  marked  in  black  and  orange  on  all 
four  wings. 

About  twenty  solid  aggregations  of  one  or  the  other  of  these 
species  and  about  ten  in  which  both  species  were  together, 
were  seen  along  the  road  from  Valles  to  Tamazunchale.  They 
were  in  groups  of  from  6  to  15  individuals.  All  that  were 

taken  were  males. 

PHOEBIS  SENNAE  EUBULE  Linn,  and  ASCIA  MONUSTE 

MONUSTE  Linn. 

These  observations  were  made  at  a  considerable  distance 
from  the  preceding  ones,  and  at  a  higher  altitude,  15  miles  north 
of  Jalapa,  Vera  Cruz.  These  two  species  were  of  different 
colors,  the  first  orange-and-yellow,  the  second  white.  Three 
aggregations  were  seen  on  July  18,  at  a  damp  place  under  a 
bridge.  The  first  and  second  groups,  comprising  110  and 
100  individuals  respectively,  were  all  the  orange  and  yellow 
P.  sennae  eubule;  the  third  lot  contained  75  of  these  and  5  of 
the  white  A.  monuste  monuste.  Since  both  species  belong  to 
the  family  Pieridae,  we  need  not  be  wholly  surprised  at  the 
combination,  even  though  their  colors  are  different.  All  the 
samples  were  males. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  in  passing  that  many  of  the  white 
butterflies  A.  monuste  were  seen  on  pellets  of  donkey  dung 
at  Tamazunchale,  and  apparently  feeding  upon  it. 

(To  be  continued.) 

Changes  at  the  Ohio  State  University. 
Dr.  Laurence  H.  Snyder,  professor  of  zoology,  will  become 
chairman  of  the  department  of  zoology  and  entomology  on  July 
1,  succeeding  Dr.  Raymond  C.  Osburn,  who  is  retiring  with 
the  title  emeritus.  He  has  been  chairman  since  1917.  During 
eighteen  years  of  this  period,  1918  to  1936,  Dr.  Osburn  was 
director  of  the  Franz  Theodore  Stone  Laboratory  on  Gibraltar 
Island  in  Lake  Erie. — Science,  April  24,  1942. 


Memorial  Tablet  to  Dr.  Levi  W.  Mengel. 
The  Board  of  School  Directors  and  the  Management  of  the 
Museum  announced  the  unveiling  of  a  memorial  tablet  to  Dr. 
Mengel  at  the  Reading  Public   Museum   and   Art   Gallery  on 
Saturday  afternoon,  May  9th,  1942. 


156  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

Stittocapsus  new  genus  and  Calocoris  texanus  new 
species  from  the  United  States  (Hemiptera,  Miridae). 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 
STITTOCAPSUS,  new  genus. 

Allied  to  Adelphocoris  Renter  but  with  females  brachypter- 
ous ;  lateral  margins  of  pronotum  rounded  gradually  to  the  pro- 
pleura,  anterior  angles  very  narrow,  not  prominent,  the  lateral 
margins  of  calli  almost  meeting  with  top  of  coxal  cleft.  Arolia 
erect,  parallel,  divergent  on  apical  half,  less  widely  separated 
than  in  Adelphocoris,  but  typical  of  the  Capsinae.  Hind 
femora  slender,  not  tapered  as  in  Phytocoris.  Head  inclined, 
tylus  prominent,  strongly  convex  except  on  apex ;  rostrum 
reaching  to  apex  of  middle  coxae.  Antennae  slender,  first 
segment  short,  not  equal  to  width  of  head,  clothed  with  short 
recumbent  pubescence.  Dorsum  and  body  beneath  sparsely 
clothed  with  short,  recumbent  pubescence ;  impunctate,  moder- 
ately shining.  Male  macropterous,  the  female  brachypterous. 
Genital  claspers  rather  similar  in  type  to  Adelphocoris  but 
left  clasper  with  a  small,  right  angled  hook  on  apex. 

Genotype:  Stittocapsus  franseriae  n.  sp. 
Stittocapsus  franseriae  new  species. 

$  .  Length  7.5  mm.,  width  2.5  mm.  Head :  width  1.14  mm., 
vertex  .43  mm.,  ecarinate,  smooth  and  shining,  vertex  and  frons 
convex,  tylus  strongly  convex  except  on  apical  one-third ;  eyes 
vertical  in  position,  moderately  sinuate  about  base  of  antenna, 
reddish  brown.  Rostrum,  length  2.03  mm.,  reaching  to  near 
apex  of  middle  coxae,  pallid,  apex  blackish.  Antennae:  seg- 
ment I,  length  .82  mm.,  thickness  .13  mm.,  cylindrical,  clothed 
with  short,  recumbent  black  pubescence,  pallid,  base  and  ventral 
aspect  with  fuscous  spots;  II,  2.51  mm.,  slender,  slightly  more 
slender  at  base,  pale  to  yellowish,  clothed  with  fine,  short  pale 
and  dark  pubescence  intermixed;  III,  1.73  mm.,  dusky  yellow; 
IV.  .90  mm.,  dusky. 

Pronotum:  length  1.21  mm.,  width  at  base  2.2  mm.:  lateral 
margins  not  distinct,  but  rounded  over  to  the  propleurn,  an- 
terior angles  narrowed,  indistinct,  calli  impressed  on  margin^, 
lateral  margins  extending  almost  to  coxal  cleft  which  is  visible 
from  above;  collar  distinct,  stricture  joined  by  coxal  cleft 
behind  middle  of  eye.  Pronotal  disk  evenly  convex,  moder- 
atelv  shining,  obsoletely  transversely  rugulose,  impunctate  or 
with  micropunctures  only  at  origin  of  the  fine,  pale  pubescent 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  157 

hairs;  margins  of  calli  infuscated. 

Scutellum  moderately  convex,  transversely  rugulose,  but  not 
distinctly  punctate;  pallid  to  yellowish,  fuscous  on  basal  im- 
pression. Mesoscutum  prominent,  sloping"  down  to  base  of 
scutellum,  pale  to  fuscous  and  brown. 

Hemelytra  elongate,  embolar  margins  nearly  straight,  cuneus 
elongate  (length  1.51  mm.,  width  at  base  .60  mm.)  ;  membrane 
fully  developed,  fuscous,  veins  pallid,  a  calloused  line  bordering 
the  brachium;  color  pallid  to  white,  basal  half  of  clavus  except 
the  prominent  claval  vein,  narrow  base  and  apical  area  of 
corium  and  embolium,  and  apical  half  of  cuneus  fuscous  to 
dark  brown ;  clothed  with  fine,  recumbent,  pale  to  dusky  pubes- 
cence. Thorax  and  venter  pallid  to  yellowish  green,  sternum 
fuscous. 

Legs  pallid,  femora  with  rows  of  fuscous  dots,  two  rows 
on  anterior  face  but  more  irregularly  placed  on  apical  half  of 
posterior  aspect ;  tibial  spines  black  but  without  spots  at  base ; 
tips  of  tarsi  and  the  claws  blackish.  Genital  segment  of  a 
form  related  to  Adelphocoris,  but  left  clasper  with  a  small  yet 
distinct  right  angled  hook  on  apex. 

9  .  Brachypterous,  length  5.6  mm.,  width  across  abdomen 
2.9  mm. ;  membrane  absent,  cuneus  reduced  to  a  small  incurved 
flap,  leaving  three  or  four  abdomenal  segments  exposed.  Head  : 
width  1.17  mm.,  vertex  .56  mm.;  frons  more  strongly  convex 
than  in  the  male,  smooth,  shining,  very  finely  pubescent.  Ros- 
trum, length  2.12  mm.,  attaining  apices  of  middle  coxae.  An- 
tennae: segment  I,  length  .74  mm.,  cylindrical;  II,  2.29  mm., 
slender;  III,  1.6  mm.;  IV,  .73  mm. 

Pronotum:  length  .90  mm.,  width  at  base  1.8  mm.;  central 
area  of  disk  suddenly  and  strongly  convex  beginning  just 
behind  the  calli.  Scutellum  strongly  convex,  smooth,  obso- 
letely  rugulose.  yellowish ;  mesoscutum  nearly  flat  and  on  a 
level  with  base  of  scutellum.  General  coloration  pallid  to 
greenish  yellow,  fuscous  areas  of  the  hemelytra  rather  similar 
to  those  of  the  male;  legs  pallid  to  yellowish,  fuscous  dots 
nearly  obsolete. 

Holotype:  $  April  1,  1941.  Mohawk,  ARIZONA  (Loyd  L. 
Stitt)  ;  author's  collection.  Allotypc:  same  data  as  the  type. 
Pamtypcs:  5  $  79,  taken  with  the  types  on  Franscria  dunwsa 
(Loyd  L.  Stitt).  6$  6$  April  6,  1937,  Mohawk,  ARIZONA 
(Loyd  L.  Stitt),  on  Franscria  dumosa.  $  9  April  16,  1937, 
Ouartzsite,  ARIZONA  (Loyd  L.  Stitt).  CALIFORNIA — 9,  San 
Gorgonio  Pass  (P.  H.  Timberlake)  ;  this  specimen  recognized 
by  Mr.  Stitt  in  a  collection  box  carried  by  Dr.  R.  L.  Usinger. 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

UTAH — $  ,  St.  George  (A.  M.  Woodbury)  ;  received  from  Dr. 
Elden  Beck  about  seven  years  ago. 

The  genus  Stittocapsus  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Loyd  L. 
Stitt  who  is  doing  some  good  ecological  work  on  Miridae  in 
Arizona.  When  the  first  specimen  was  received  from  Dr.  Beck 
the  writer  recognized  this  Mirid  as  something  new  but  set  it 
aside  to  await  the  appearance  of  more  material. 
Calocoris  texanus  new  species. 

Distinguished  by  the  orange  coloration,  with  antennae,  tibiae, 
and  tips  of  femora  black.  The  slender  third  and  fourth  an- 
tennal  segments  place  this  species  in  Calocoris  rather  than 
Adelphocoris. 

$.  Length  6.9  mm.,  width  2.85  mm.  Head:  width  1.17 
mm.,  vertex  .476  mm. ;  f  rons  smooth,  convex,  without  trace 
of  transverse  striae;  orange  colored,  tip  of  tylus  slightly  in- 
fuscated.  Rostrum,  length  3  mm.,  just  attaining  apex  of  hind 
coxae,  orange  colored,  apex  black.  Antennae:  segment  I, 
length  1.01  mm.,  thickness  .146  mm.;  II,  3.14  mm.,  thickness 
.086  mm.;  Ill,  2.81  mm.,  thickness  .061  mm.;  IV,  1.55  mm., 
thickness  .043  mm. ;  black,  clothed  with  fine  pale  pubescence. 

Pronotum :  length  1.34  mm.,  width  at  base  2.20  mm.;  disk 
rather  evenly,  moderately  convex,  impunctate,  but  finely  trans- 
versely rugulose;  calli  smooth,  moderately  shining,  posterior 
margins  delimited  by  a  smooth  impression ;  color  uniformly 
orange,  without  spots.  Scutellum  rugulose,  mesoscutum  mod- 
erately exposed.  Hemelytra  with  embolar  margins  slightly 
arcuate,  cuneus  normally  dark  fuscous.  Dorsum  and  body  be- 
neath clothed  with  recumbent,  fine  yellowish  pubescence.  Legs 
orange  colored,  tibiae,  tarsi,  and  tips  of  femora  black.  Venter 
uniformly  orange  colored. 

Holotypc:  5  June  18,  1936,  Uvalde,  TEXAS  (S.  E.  Jones); 
author's  collection. 

Calocoris  palmeri  Uhler  (1872)  was  described  from  Arizona. 
The  writer  has  recently  recognized  this  as  identical  with  Calo- 
coris fasciativentris  Stal  (1862).  Specimens  at  hand  were 
taken  Sept.  4,  Sept.  26,  1925,  Santa  Rita  Mts.,  Arizona  (A.  A. 
Nichol). 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


159 


The  Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and  Montgomery 
Counties,  Virginia  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera). 

By  CARROLL  E.  WOOD,  JR.  and  CARL  W.  GOTTSCHALK. 
(Continued  from  page  146.) 

In  both  counties  as  everywhere  else  occur  a  number  of  but- 
terflies which  seem  to  show  a  total  disregard  for  faunal  zones, 
and  in  this  state,  at  least,  proceed  to  distribute  themselves  from 
the  Lower  Austral  to  the  Canadian.  Many  of  our  commonest 
species  take  this  unethical  attitude.  Typical  of  these  ubiquitous 
insects  are : 


Megisto  cymela 
Polygonia  inter rogationis 
Polygonia  comma 
Nymphalis  antiopa  creta 
Vanessa  atalanta 
Vanessa  virginiensis 

*  Vanessa  cardui 

*  Precis  coenia 

Basilarchia  arthemis  astyanax 

Basilarchia  archippus 

Phyciodes  tharos 

Euptoieta  claudia 
*Danaus  plexippus 

Feniseca  tarquinius 

Lycaena  hypoi)hlaeas 

Everes  comyntas 

Lycaenopsis  pseudargiolus 

Strymon  melintis 

Pieris  rapae 

Anthocharis  genutia 
*Phoebis  eubule 


Colias  p.  eury theme 
*Terias  lisa 
Papilio  philenor 
Papilio  asterias 
Papilio  glaucus 
Papilio  troilus 
Papilio  marcellus 
Proteides  clarus 
Achalarus  lyciades 
Thorybes  bathyllus 
Thorybes  pylades 
Pyrgus  communis 
Pholisora  catullus 
Erynnis  martialis 
Erynnis  juvenalis 
Erynnis  horatius 
Ancyloxypha  numitor 
Polites  themistocles 
Polites  manataaqua 
Polites   peckius 
Poanes  zabulon 
Atrytone  ruricola 


Colias  philodice 

Tn  addition  to  the  summer  visitors  already  mentioned,  those 
species  here  marked  by  an  asterisk  (*)  are  known  to  be  or  are 
suspected  of  being  visitors  who  take  up  more  or  less  perman- 
ent residency  in  our  area.  Vanessa  cardui  is  of  irregular 
occurrence,  sometimes  common,  but  in  some  years  absent. 

LOCALITIES. 

Tn  Montgomery  County  the  area  around  Blackburg  has  been 
most  intensively  worked,  while  in  Roanoke  County  the  Salem 


160  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '42 

area  is  best  known.  Consequently,  many  of  the  records  are 
from  these  two  sections.  However,  collections  have  also  been 
made  in  many  other  parts  of  both  counties. 

The  localities  represented  by  capital  letters  in  the  list  of  but- 
terflies are  as  follows : 

AB :  Ash  Bottom,  Roanoke  County,  1.6  mi.  NW  of  Salem 

P.   O.,   referring  particularly  to  a  clover  field  and  an 

adjoining  brushy  hillside. 
B :  Blacksburg,  Montgomery  County. 
BM :  Bent  Mountain,  Roanoke  County;  part  of  the  Floyd 

Plateau  south  of  Roanoke.     Numerous  swampy  areas. 

Altitude  ca.  3,000  feet. 
FL:  Fort  Lewis,  3  mi.  W  of  Salem  on  Route  11.    A  marshy 

meadow. 
FLM :  Fort  Lewis  Mountain  north  of  Salem  and  extending 

westward,  referring  to  the  southern  slope  near   Salem. 

Oak-heath  associations. 
M :  Montgomery  County. 
MC:  Mason  Creek,  north  of  Hanging  Rock,  2.6  mi.  NNE 

of  Salem  P.  O. 
MF:  Martin's  Farm,  a  damp  meadow  0.8  mi.  N  of  Salem 

P.  O. 
KH :  Katz  Hill,  a  brushy  hillside  0.9  mi.  of  N  of  Salem  P. 

O.     Dry  scrub  woods. 
OF:  Orphanage  Falls,  second  growth  woods  with  oak,  pine, 

Vacdnium,  1.8  mi.  NNW  Salem  P.  O.  at  the  foot  of 

Fort  Lewis  Mountain.     Clearings  and  trails  numerous. 

Altitude  ca.  1,500  feet. 
PC :  Poverty    Creek,    flowing    eastward    into    Craig    Creek 

which  drains  Poverty  Hollow.     Swampy  areas. 
PH  :  Poverty  Hollow,  an  intermontane  valley  between  Gap 

and  Brush  Mountains  in  Montgomery  and  Craig  Coun- 
ties, referring  particularly  to  the   Montgomery  County 

end. 
PM :  Poor  Mountain,  SW  of  Salem,  lying  in  both  counties. 

Altitude  3,960  feet.    Collections  along  fire  roads. 
R :  Roanoke  County. 
RC :  Roanoke  College  Campus,  Salem. 
RR :  Roanoke  River,  south  of  Salem. 
SC:  Scout  Cabin,  Fort  Lewis  Mt.,  3  mi.  NW  of  Salem  P. 

O.     Cool,  wooded  ravine. 

VPI :  Virginia   Polytechnic    Institute,    Blacksburg. 
WM :  Whitethorn  Meadows,  south  of  VPI  campus. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  161 

LIST  OF  SPECIES. 

There  follows  a  list  of  the  species  and  subspecies  of  butter- 
flies known  from  Roanoke  and  Montgomery  Counties.  The 
earliest  and  latest  dates  of  capture,  as  well  as  other  dates  where 
possible,  of  each  species  are  noted,  and  although  this  may  give 
a  somewhat  exaggerated  idea  of  the  period  of  flight  of  certain 
species,  dates  being  in  many  instances  from  different  years,  a 
general  idea  of  the  time  of  flight  in  this  part  of  Virginia  is 
afforded.  Localities  are  in  most  cases  noted  by  the  capital 
letters  given  above.  All  identifications  have  been  kindly 
checked  by  Dr.  A.  H.  Clark  or  Dr.  E.  A.  Smyth,  Jr.,  or  by 
both. 

Family  NYMPHALIDAE;  Subfamily  Satyrinae. 

MEGISTO  CYMELA   (Cramer).     FLM,  vi  24,  '38;  vii  1,  '37. 
KH,  v  6-21,  '38.     M,  v  25,  vi  2,  '99. 
~SATYRODES  EURYDICE  (Linne).     M,  viii  20,  '98  (dark). 

MINOIS  PEGALA  ALOPE  (Fabricius).  FL,  viii  20,  '38.  MF, 
viii  20,  '37.  M,  no  date. 

M.  PEGALA  MARITIMA  (W.  H.  Edwards).  FL,  vi  24,  '38; 
vii  21,  '36;  viii  14,  '37.  BM,  viii  5,  '38;  viii  23,  '40.  SC,  vi 
24,  '38.  M,  no  date. 

Subfamily  Nymphalinae. 

POLYGONIA  INTERROGATIONS  (Fabricius).  S,  viii  26,  '37; 
ix  28,  '39;  ix  30,  '38  (bred).  MF,  v  21,  '38.  FL,  v  27,  '38 
(iiinbrosa)  ;  vii  31,  '37  (umbrosa)  ;  viii  19,  '38.  M,  iv  2,  '99. 

P.  COMMA  (Harris).  S,  x  3,  10,  '38.  FL,  vii  31,  '37.  KH, 
iii  23,  '39;  iv  15,  '38;  iv  24,  '39.  M,  no  date. 

P.  PROGNE  (Cramer).  B,  vii  '02  (from  larvae  on  goose- 
berry). 

P.  FAUN  us  SMYTH  i  A.  H.  Clark.  B,  vii  30,  vi  30,  '96  (from 
larvae  on  gooseberry). 

NYMPH ALIS  ANTIOPA  CRETA  (Verity).  S,  iii  21,  '38;  KH, 
iv  13,  '38.  B,  many  larvae  on  willows  on  V.  P.  I.  campus. 

VANESSA  ATALANTA  (Linne).  S,  viii  11,  '37.  KH,  iii  30, 
'38;  ix  18,  '39.  FL,  viii  6,  '35;  ix  8,  '38.  M,  no  date. 

V.  VIRGINIENSIS  (Drury).  S,  iv  6,  '38;  ix  16,  '39;  ix  29, 
'37.  KH,  v  29,  '38.  FL,  vii  25,  '39;  viii  31,  '38.  M,  no  date. 


162  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

V.  CARDUI  (Linne).  S,  ix  17,  '39.  FL,  viii  10,  '38;  viii  28, 
'35.  M,  no  date. 

PRECIS  COENIA  Htibner.  S,  vii  26,  '38;  ix  8,  '37  (wet  form)  ; 
x  31,  '37;  xi  '37  (wet  form).  KH,  x  31,  '37.  M,  no  date. 

ASTEROCAMPA  CELTis  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  RC,  viii  27, 
'40.  RR,  ix  10,  '40.  FL,  vi  26,  viii  27,  '38;  viii  20,  '36. 

A.  CLYTON   (Boisduval  and  LeConte).     VPI,  vi  15,  23,  28, 
30,  '00. 

BASILARCHIA  ARTHEMIS  ASTYANAX  (Fabricius).  KH,  v  6, 
9,  ix  11,  '38;  vi  6,  '39.  FL,  viii  27,  '37.  FLM,  vii  5,  '37.  M, 
no  date. 

B.  ARCHIPPUS  (Cramer).     MF,  v  21,  '38;  ix  11,  '38.     FL, 
vii  20,  '36;  vii  20,  '36;  viii  23,  '39;  viii  29,  '38.    M,  no  date. 

EUPHYDRYAS  PHAETON  (Drury).  S,  vi  '37.  AB,  vi  5,  '38. 
MC,  vi  16,  '38.  WM,  vi  1,  '14;  vii  1,  '99.  Tinker  Mt.,  Bote- 
tourt  Co.,  vi  17,  '31. 

PHYCIODES  NYCTEIS  (Doubleday  and  Hewitson).  FLM,  vi 
25,  '37.  MC,  viii  7,  '40.  Near  Singer,  on  the  Roanoke  River, 
v  19,  '40.  M,  v  16,  '00;  viii  5,  '99. 

P.  THAROS  (Drury).  S,  iv  18,  '39;  viii  12,  '38.  KH,  iii  28, 
'38;  iv  29,  v  7,  21,  '38.  FLM,  v  31,  vi  14,  '38.  FL,  ix  4,  '39. 
M,  vii  25,  '99. 

ARGYNNIS  BELLONA  (Fabricius).  BM,  viii  23,  '40  (com- 
mon). WM,  vii  25,  '99;  viii  '95. 

A.  IDALIA  (Drury).  S,  vii  10,  '38.  KH,  vi  8,  '38.  FL,  viii 
19,  '38.  WM,  viii' 19,  '26. 

A.  DIANA  (Cramer).  FLM,  vi  25,  '36;  viii  11,  '37;  vi  22, 
viii  27,  29,  '38.  PM,  viii  23,  '40.  PC,  viii  16,  '02.  PH,  vi 
24,  viii  29,  '96. 

A.  CYBELE  (Fabricius).  S,  v  29,  '38.  CH,  vi  7,  '39;  vi  22, 
'38.  FL,  v  25,  '36;  ix  5,  '38.  AB,  vi  13,  '37.  M,  v  '96;  vi 
12,  '00;  viii  '95. 

A.  APHRODITE  (Fabricius).  KH,  vi  15,  '38.  FL,  viii  22, 
'39.  FLM,  vi  25,  '36.  AB,  vi  5,  '38.  R,  vi  14,  '37.  M,  no 
date. 

EUPTOIETA  CLAUDIA  (Cramer).  S,  vi  6,  '38;  vii  27,  '31; 
ix  7,  '39.  AB,  vi  5,  '37. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  163 

Subfamily  Danaiinae. 

DANAUS  PLEXIPPUS  (Linne).  S,  vi  6,  ix  27,  '38;  ix  26,  x  3, 
'39.  FL,  viii  28,  '35.  M,  viii  '99. 

Subfamily  Libytheinae. 

LIBYTHEA  BACHMANII  Kirtlatid.     CH,  iv  13,  v  6,  '38. 
no  date.     Mt.  Lake,  Giles  Co.,  viii  8,  '39. 

Family  RIODINIDAE. 

NYMPH IDIA  BOREALIS  (Grote  and  Robinson).  PH,  vii. 
Palmer  Hill,  east  of  Blacksburg,  vi  26,  '39;  vii  2,  '00.  Tinker 
Mt.,  Botetourt  Co.,  vi  30,  '40  (Van  Gelder). 

Family  LYCAENIDAE;  Subfamily  Spalginae. 

FENISECA  TARQUINIUS  (Fabricius).  S,  vi  13,  '38;  vii  2, 
'39.  FLM,  v  7,  '38.  M,  iv  2,  4,  26,  v  16,  '00. 

Subfamily  Lycaeninae. 

LYCAENA  PHLAEAS  HYPOPHLAEAS  (Boisduval).  S,  iv  11, 
'38.  KH,  iv  9,  25,  ix  23,  '38.  FL,  vi  7,  12,  viii  4,  '38.  M,  v  '95. 

LYCAENOPSIS  ARGIOLUS  PSEUDARGIOLUS  (Boisduval  and 
LeConte).  S,  v  20  (ncglecta),  viii  6,  '38.  KH,  iii  18,  '38 
(violacca);  iii  23,  '39.  OF,  iv  25,  '40  (ncglccta}.  FL,  viii 
27,  '38.  M,  iv  '96  (neglect a)  ;  viii  '98. 

GLAUCOPSYCHE  LYGDAMUS  (Doubleday).  S,  iv  24,  27,  v  3, 
'31 ;  v  19,  '32.  KH,  v  17,  '40.  FLM,"  iv  5,  '39.  SC,  iv  8, 
'39.  MF,  iv  13,  '38.  B,  iv  10,  18,  '03.  VPI,  v  2,  '00.  Near 
Palmer  Hill,  iv  18,  '98.  Near  Christiansburg,  v  10,  '40.  Camp 
Powhatan,  Rockbridge  Co.,  v  1,  '38. 

EVERES  COMYNTAS  (Godart).  S,  iv  12,  v  12,  '38.  KH,  iv 
11, '39;  iv  4, '40.  FL,  vi  18,  viii  14, '38.  FLM,  v  9, '37.  OF, 
iv  25,  '40.  M,  iv  17,  v  27,  '98.  Sunset  Village,  Montgomery 
Co.,  viii  17,  '38. 

Subfamily  Theclinae. 

ATLIDES  IIALESUS  (Cramer).  M,  ix  10  (caught  by  a  student, 
presumably  near  Blacksburg). 

STRYMON  TITUS  MOPSUS  (Hiibner).  East  side  of  Roanoke 
River,  near  Blacksburg,  vi  19,  '99;  vi  26,  '00. 

S.  M-ALBUM  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  S,  ix  15,  '37;  ix 
15.  '38.  North  of  Salem,  ix  6,  '39.  B,  ix  15,  '22.  Bent  Mt., 
Floyd  Co.,  vi  23,  '38. 

S.  LIPAROPS   (Boisduval  and  LeConte).     FLM,  vii  3,  '37. 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

Palmer  Hill,  vi  15,  '96.     M,  vi  24,  '02. 

S.  FALACER  (Godart).  FLM,  vi  17,  '37;  vi  22,  '38.  M,  vi 
13,  '00;  vii  2,  '02;  viii  1,  '99. 

S.  CECROPS  (Fabricius).  KH,  iv  23,  25.  26,  28,  v  7,  '38. 
FL,  vii  23,  '36;  ix  2,  '38.  FLM,  v  7,  '38;  viii  16,  '38.  SC,  viii 
11,  '37  (type,  ab.  (jottschalki  A.  H.  Clark)4.  M,  vii  21,  '02; 
viii  7. 

S.  MELINUS  Hiibner.  KH.  iii  31,  '39;  viii  26,  '37.  FL,  viii 
5,  '37;  viii  15,  '36.  M,  viii  28,  '00. 

MITOURA  GRYNEUS  (Hiibner).  KH,  iv  16,  '38.  FL,  vi  28, 
'38.  M,  iv  5,  '02;  iv  23,  '95;  '99. 

INCISALIA   AUGUSTINUS    (Westwood).      KH,   iii   26,    iv    13, 

24,  '38.    FLM,  v  2,  '37.     SC,  iii  19,  20,  iv  15,  '38.    OF,  iv  9, 
'38  (common). 

I.  IRUS  (Godart).  KH,  iii  31,  iv  13,  16,  28,  v  7,  '38.  OF, 
iv  15,  '38. 

I.   HENRICI    (Grote  and  Robinson).     KH,  iii  25,  iv   15,   19, 

25,  '38.     Palmer  Hill,  Montgomery  Co.,  v  9,  '98. 

I.  POLIOS  Cook  and  Watson.  OF,  iv  5.  '38  (specimen  in  U. 
S.  National  Museum). 

I.   NIPHON   (Hiibner).     KH,  iv  14,  '38.     FLM,  iv  8,  '39; 
v  2,  '37.    AB,  iv  23,  '38.    Foot  of  12  o'Clock  Knob,  v  9,  '37. 
Family   PAPILIONIDAE;   Subfamily   Pierinae. 

PIERIS  RAPAE  (Linne).     S,  iii  30,  '38;  iv  1,  x  16,  '40. 

P.  PROTODICE  Boisduval  and  LeConte.  S,  iv  6,  40  (vcrnalis). 
FL,  vi  17,  '37;  vii  9,  '36;  vii  12,  '35;  vii  24,  '38;  viii  22,  '38; 
ix  1,  '39.  M,  iii  26,  '98;  x  19,  '02. 

— ANTHOCHARIS  GENUTIA  (Fabricius).  S,  iv  10,  '39;  v  19, 
'40.  KH,  iv  14,  28,  v  6,  '38.  AB,  iv  12,  '39;  iv  23,  '38  (large). 
Dixie  Caverns,  Roanoke  Co.,  v  5,  '40.  M,  iv  17,  v  1,  '98.  Mill 
Creek,  Montgomery  Co.,  vi  1,  '98. 

PHOEBIS  PHILEA  (Linne).  12  o'Clock  Knob,  Salem,  x  15, 
'28. 

P.  EUBULE  (Linne).  S,  viii  6,  '29;  iv  12,  '38.  B,  v  10,  '21  ; 
x  6,  '98;  x  23,  '31. 

(To  be  continued.) 

4  Clark,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  51:  1-6. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  165 

Six  New  Diplopods  of  the  Family  Xystodesmidae.* 

By  NELL  BEVEL  CAUSEY,  Department  of  Zoology, 
University  of  Arkansas. 

The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  describe  new  species  of 
diplopods  of-  the  Family  Xystodesmidae  Cook  1904  occurring 
in  North  Carolina,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.  The  holotypes 
are  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  and  allotypes  and  paratypes  are  in  the  author's 
personal  collection. 

DELTOTARIA  new  genus. 

Genotype :  D.  brimlcii  new  species. 

This  genus  resembles  Aphelorla  in  the  curvature  and  the 
length  of  the  principal  blade  of  the  telopodite  of  the  male  gono- 
pods,  but  di tiers  in  having  a  thin  subterminal  process  on  the 
blade.  It  differs  from  other  genera  of  this  family  in  that  the 
gonopods  bear  a  large  medial  pointed  coxal  peg  in  addition  to 
the  characteristic  sickle-like  coxal  spine. 
Deltotaria  brimleii  new  species  (Figs.  1,2). 

Color  in  life  unknown ;  dorsum,  head,  and  antennae  of  dried 
specimens  brown;  keels,  posterior  margins  of  tergites,  and 
margins  of  collum  faded  red-orange;  legs  and  under  parts  pale 
yellow. 

Repugnatorial  pores  on  upper  margin  of  posterior  third  of 
keels.  Dorsum  more  arched  than  is  usual  in  this  family.  Coxae 
posterior  to  gonopods  spined.  Sternites  unarmed.  Body  par- 
allel-sided over  middle  portion,  gradually  narrowed  anteriorly, 
abruptly  narrowed  posteriorly. 

In  situ  main  blades  of  gonopods  subparallel  and  perpendicular 
to  longitudinal  axis  of  body.  Flattened  apical  third  of  main 
blade  bent  cephalad,  ending  in  a  thin  subapical  process  and  an 
attenuated  apical  hook  (Fig.  1).  Basal  medial  portion  of 
blade  thickly  setose  and  proximal  third  sparsely  setose.  A 
large  pointed  peg  on  medial  side  of  coxa  and  adjacent  to  the 
curved  coxal  spine  of  the  gonopod  (Fig.  2). 

Length  of  male  holotype,  31  mm.;  width,  8.2  mm.  Length 
of  female  allotype,  32  mm. ;  width,  29.3  mm. 

Type. —  $  Swannanoa,  NORTH  CAROLINA;  May  26,  l'L'3 
(Dr.  C.  S.  Brimley).  Allotype.— I  9  ;  same  data. 


*  Research  Paper  No.  735,  Journal  Series,  University  of  Arkansas. 


166 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


[June,  '42 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  167 

Fontaria  kentuckiana  new  species  (Figs.  3,  4). 

The  general  appearance  of  the  gonopods  in  situ  is  similar 
to  that  shown  by  Gray  for  virginiensis,  the  type  species  of  this 
genus ;  but  in  detail  the  gonopods  are  quite  unlike  the  figure 
given  by  Williams  and  Hefner  (1928)  for  virginiensis.  The 
color  of  virginiensis  was  given  by  Gray  as  pale  yellow;  in 
kentuckiana  the  dorsum  is  shining  dark  brown;  head  and  an- 
tennae brown ;  ends  of  collum,  posterior  angles  of  keels,  roughly 
triangular  areas  on  tergites  or  borders  of  tergites  and  collum 
red-orange;  distal  half  of  legs  red-orange;  under  parts  and 
proximal  half  of  legs  pale  yellow.  In  alcohol  dorsum  fades 
to  brown  and  keels  and  legs  to  yellow. 

Repugnatorial  pores  on  upper  margin  of  posterior  half  of 
keels.  Dorsum  moderately  arched.  Body  parallel-sided,  grad- 
ually narrowed  anteriorly,  abruptly  narrowed  posteriorly.  An- 
terior of  female  narrower  than  that  of  male.  Coxae  posterior 
to  gonopods  spined.  Sternites  unarmed.  Six  anterior  pairs 
of  lee's  of  male  shorter,  thicker,  and  more  setose  than  those 

o 

of  female. 

Main  blade  of  gonopod  curves  anterio-medially,  crosses  that 
of  other  gonopod,  and  ends  in  a  large  clavate  structure  that 
bears  an  inconspicuous  curved  apical  process  (Figs.  3,  4)  ; 
proximal  to  clavate  structure  is  a  transverse  ridge  of  chitin ; 
telopodite  densely  setose  at  base  and  sparsely  setose  on  caudal 
margin  of  blade  from  base  to  chitinous  ridge;  three  small 
dentate  processes  on  base  of  telopodite. 

Length  of  male  holotype,  47.5  mm.;  width,  11.7  mm.  Length 
of  female  allotype,  52  mm. ;  width,  12.4  mm. 

Type. —  $  ;  Cumberland  Falls  State  Park,  KENTUCKY;  June 
16,    1940.     Allotype.—  9  ;   same   data.     Paratypes. — 1  5,6$, 
and  several  larvae  of  sixth  and  seventh  stadia;  same  data. 
Cleptoria  splendida  new  species  (Fig.  5). 

Distinguishable  from  uiacra  in  having  a  medial  row  of  bright 
yellow  spots  on  the  tergites.  The  main  blade  of  the  male 
;.  "nopod  is  more  regularly  curved  than  in  niacra  and  the  ter- 

Explanation  of  Figures 

Fig.  1.  Dcltotaria  brimleii,  right  gonopod,  subcephalacl  view   (x  30). 
Fig.  2.  Dcltotaria  brimlen,  right  gonopod,  caudo-medial  view   (x 
Fig.  3.  Fontaria  kentuckiana,  right  gonopod,  subcephalad  view  (x  15). 
Ti  r   4,  Fontaria  kentuckiana,  right  gonopod,  suhcaudal  view   (x  15). 

5.  Cleptoria  splendida,  left  gonopod,  medial  view   (x  15). 
Fig.  Ci.  Nannarin  scutellaria,  left  grnopod,  ventral   view   (x  30). 
Fig.  7.  Nannaria  scutellaria,  left  gonopod,  submedial  view  (x  30). 
Fig.  S.  Aporiaria  deturkiana,  left  gonopod,  subventral  view   (x  30). 

(J.  Apheloria  bidcns,  left  gonopod,   submedial   view    (x   15). 


168  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

minal  part  is  less  beak-like. 

.Dorsum,  head,  and  antennae  black;  tergites  trimaculate,  all 
spots  bright  yellow ;  spots  on  latero-postenor  corners  of  keels 
and  ends  of  collum  triangular;  medial  spots  on  tergites  triangu- 
lar to  trapezoidal ;  medial  spots  on  collum  hourglass-shaped ; 
legs  yellow;  underparts  pale  yellow. 

Repugnatorial  pores  on  posterior  third  of  upper  surface  of 
margin  of  keels.  Dorsum  moderately  arched.  Coxae  posterior 
to  gonopods  spined.  Sternites  of  seventh  to  seventeenth  seg- 
ments bluntly  spined.  Body  parallel-sided  over  middle  portion, 
abruptly  narrowed  anteriorly,  and  gradually  narrowed  poster- 
iorly. Six  anterior  pairs  of  legs  shorter  and  thicker  than 
any  others. 

Main  blade  of  gonopod  curves  meso-cephalad,  crosses  blade 
of  opposite  gonopod,  curves  dorsad,  and  then  caudad,  almost 
forming  a  complete  ellipse.  About  midway  of  the  wide  flat- 
tened blade  there  is  a  transverse  furrow  beyond  which  the 
blade  is  wider.  A  sharp  peg  arises  from  the  large  base  on 
the  cephalad  surface  of  the  telopodite  (Fig.  5). 

Length  of  male  holotype,  49  mm.;  width,  11  mm. 

Type. —  $  ;   Pine   Mountain    State   Park,   KENTUCKY  ;   June 
16,  1940. 
Nannaria  scutellaria  new  species  (Figs.  6,  7). 

Similar  in  size  and  coloring  to  tentiesseensis.  In  scutellaria 
there  is  a  definite  terminal  geniculation  in  the  principal  blade 
of  the  gonopod,  while  in  tennesseensis  this  blade  is  "somewhat 
flattened  and  wavy,  end  slightly  expanded."  The  shorter 
branch  of  the  telopodite  in  both  species  is  twisted  near  the  base. 

Dorsum  dark  brown ;  head  and  antennae  light  brown ;  keels 
red ;  legs  and  underparts  pale  yellow. 

Repugnatorial  pores  on  posterior  third  of  margin  of  keels. 
Dorsum  moderately  arched.  Sternite  of  fifth  body  segment 
of  male  bears  a  pair  of  conical  processes  between  bases  of 
fourth  pair  of  walking  legs.  Sternites  posterior  to  gonopods 
spined.  Coxae  unarmed.  Shield-like  sternite  of  third  body 
somite  of  female  compressed  subvertically.  Small  nipple-like 
area  near  each  gonopod  of  female.  Setae  on  three  proximal 
joints  of  legs  continued  across  Sternites  in  male  but  not  in 
female.  Body  parallel-sided  over  middle  portion,  gradually 
narrowed  anteriorly  and  posteriorly;  anterior  of  female  nar- 
rower than  that  of  male. 

Blades  and  processes  of  telopodites  of  gonopods  subparallel 
with  main  axis  of  body.  Main  blade  sharply  bent  so  that  its 
apex  is  but  slightly  anterior  to  apex  of  straight  process  (Fig. 
7)  ;  proximal  to  the  bend  there  is  a  constriction  and  a  deflection 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  169 

of  part  of  blade  as  two  minute  appressed  spines  directed  me- 
dially; small  tooth  proximal  to  truncated  apex. 

Length  of  male  holotype,  24  mm. ;  width,  4.2  mm.  Length 
of  female  allotype,  26.4  mm. ;  width,  5  mm. 

Type. —  $  ;   Great    Smoky    Mountains    National    Park,   near 
Chimneys,  TENNESSEE;  June  21,  1940.     Allotype. —  9  ;  same 
data. 
Aporiaria  deturkiana  new  species  (Fig.  8). 

Similar  to  geniculata  in  coloring.  Gonopods  similar  to  those 
of  Carolina.  Can  be  distinguished  from  both  geniculata  and 
Carolina  by  presence  of  spines  on  coxae  posterior  to  gonopods. 

Dorsum  shining  black  with  a  green  tinge;  orange  triangle 
on  posterior  corners  of  keels  and  ends  of  collum;  thin  orange 
line  around  collum  and  on  posterior  margins  of  most  tergites; 
legs,  underparts,  and  antennae  pale  yellow.  In  alcohol  dorsum 
fades  to  brown  and  keels  to  pale  yellow. 

Repugnatorial  pores  on  posterior  third  of  upper  margin  of 
keels.  Keels  inconspicuous.  Body  parallel-sided  over  middle 
portion,  gradually  narrowed  anteriorly,  abruptly  narrowed 
posteriorly.  Dorsum  mare  arched  than  is  usual  in  this  family. 
Coxae  posterior  to  gonopods  spined.  Sternites  unarmed. 

Blades  and  processes  of  telopodites  of  gonopods  subparallel 
with  main  axis  of  body.  Thin  apical  portion  of  main  blade 
curves  mesad  and  ends  in  an  acute  point  (Fig.  8).  Apex  of 
coxal  spine  lies  in  a  cup-like  pit  on  mesal  surface  of  main  blade. 
Coxae  of  gonopods  closely  appressed  medially. 

Length  of  male  holotype,  32.5  mm. ;  width,  6.3  mm.  Length 
of  female  allotype,  36.3  mm. ;  width,  7.8  mm. 

Type. —  $  ;  Highlands,  NORTH  CAROLINA;  June  14,  1940 
(Dr.  William  DeTurk).  Allotype. —  9  ;  same  data.  Paratypc. 
-1  £  ;  same  data.  Other  localities. — Several  males  and  gravid 
females,  Great  Smoky  Mountains  National  Park,  near  Cling- 
man's  Dome.  TENNESSEE;  June  23,  1940;  the  length  of  the 
males  was  about  25  mm.,  and  the  gravid  females  were  as  long 
as  40  mm.  Several  larval  and  adult  females;  same  data,  but 
near  Alum  Cave. 
Apheloria  bidens  new  species  (Fig.  9). 

General  appearance  of  male  gonopods  resembles  aspila,  but 
I'idcns  can  be  distinguished  by  the  larger  basal  process  and  the 
small  subapical  process  of  the  main  blade  of  the  telopodite. 

Dorsum  dark  brown;  head  and  antennae  lighter  brown;  la- 
teral portions  of  keels  and  ends  of  collum  bright  red;  distal 


170  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

half  of  legs  red;  under  parts  and  proximal  half  of  legs  pale 
yellow. 

Repugnatorial  pores  on  posterior  third  of  upper  edge  of 
keels.  Dorsum  more  arched  than  usual  in  this  family.  Stern- 
ites  unarmed.  Coxae  posterior  to  gonopods  spined.  Body 
parallel-sided  over  middle  portion,  abruptly  narrowed  anteri- 
orly, gradually  narrowed  posteriorly. 

Gonopods  especially  distinct  in  the  large  bluntly  furcate 
basal  process  and  the  small  lateral  subapical  process  of  the 
main  blade  of  the  telopodite  (Fig.  9). 

Length  of  male  holotype,  43  mm.;  width,  9.1  mm.  Length 
of  female  allotype,  44.6  mm. ;  width,  10.7  mm. 

Type. —  $  ;  Great  Smoky  Mountains  National  Park,  near 
Chimneys,  TENNESSEE;  June  21,  1940.  Allotype. —  ?  ;  same 

data.    Paratypes. — 3  5  ;  same  data. 

—    «•>  — 

Again:  Why  does  Gyrinus  Circle?  (Coleoptera;  Gyrinidae). 

Abbott's  stimulating  paper,  "Why  Does  Gyrinus  Circle?"  in 
Entomological  News,  Vol.  LII,  No.  10,  December,  1941,  pp. 
287-290,  describes  how  Gyrinidae  perceive  minute  vibrations 
at  the  water's  surface  and  are  thereby  led  to  the  discovery  of 
wounded  prey.  The  vibration-perceptors  are  located  in  the 
antennae  and  are  sensitive  to  vibrations  within  a  radius  of  three 
or  four  centimeters. 

No  criticism  of  a  minor  point  in  Abbott's  paper  should  be 
allowed  to  draw  credit  from  the  ingenious  experiments  by 
which  the  above  physiological  facts  were  discovered.  It  may  be 
pointed  out  however,  that  the  demonstration  of  vibration-per- 
ceptors in  the  antennae  still  fails  to  explain  why  Gyrinus  circles. 
At  the  close  of  his  paper  Abbott  states : 

"By  circling,  Gyrinus  greatly  increases  the  area  of  surface 
which  it  covers  in  a  given  time,  and  hence,  naturally  increases 
its  chances  of  encountering  vibrations  set  up  on  the  surface  of 
the  water." 

Not  only  is  such  a  conclusion  unrelated  to  the  experimental 
evidence  presented  by  Abbott,  but  it  is  also  mathematically 
untrue.  If  the  insect  moved  forward  in  a  straight  line,  it  would 
cover  a  greater  surface  in  a  given  time  than  it  would  by  circling, 
for  each  time  it  crossed  a  point  where  it  had  already  been,  it 
would  cover  a  portion  of  territory  already  found  sterile.  Thus 
its  intersections  of  an  old  track  would  reduce  the  "chances  of 
encountering  vibrations  set  up  on  the  surface  of  the  water." 

I  return  the  question  to  further  consideration  by  scientists.— 
C.    BROOKE  WORTH,    Edward    Martin    Biological    Laboratory, 
Swarthmore  College,  Swarthmore,  Pennsylvania. 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


171 


Color   Aberrance   in   Diabrotica    12-punctata   Fab. 
(Col. :  Chrysomelidae). 

By  W.  V.  BALDUF.* 

The  purpose  of  this  note  is  to  describe  two  adult  individuals 
of  the  above  species  of  beetle  that  display  a  marked  departure 
from  the  normal  pattern  of  colors.  One  of  these  (fig.  2)  was 
taken  in  a  light  trap  at  Urbana,  Illinois,  on  August  24,  1938, 
by  Garland  T.  Riegel,  entomological  assistant  of  the  Illinois 
Natural  History  Survey,  who  generously  consented  to  my  pres- 
ent use  of  the  specimen.  The  other  (fig.  3)  I  obtained  by 
sweeping  vegetation  along  a  railroad  bank  near  Tolono,  Illinois, 
on  October  18,  1941.  To  facilitate  appreciation  of  the  nature 
and  extent  of  the  aberration,  the  normal  color  plan  of  this  com- 
mon species  is  pictured  (fig.  1). 


Close  comparison  of  the  abnormal  specimens  with  the  usual 
normal  color  type  reveals  that  they  are  aberrant  only  in  the 
design  of  the  elytra.  As  all  entomologists  know,  the  species  nor- 
mally bears  12  black  spots  on  a  background  of  green  or  yellow, 
all  the  spots  being  limited  to  the  elytra.  Each  elytrum  possesses 
three  pairs  situated  at  about  equal  and  distinct  intervals  of  space. 

In  the  abnormal  individuals  concerned  here,  not  only  are  the 
spots  of  the  anterior  and  middle  pairs  so  greatly  enlarged  that 
they  are  confluent,  but  these  pairs  are  themselves  largely  joined. 
However,  the  posterior  pair  of  each  wing  remains  wholly  sep- 
arate from  the  median  pair  in  one  specimen  (fig.  3)  and  is 
(inly  partly  connected  with  it  in  the  other  (fig.  2).  While  the 

*  Contribution  No.  225  from  the  Entomological  Laboratories  of  the 
University  of  Illinois. 


172  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

abnormality  is  therefore  similar  in  general  in  the  two  individuals 
it  is  decidedly  not  identical ;  reference  to  the  figures  will  show 
that  several  minor  differences  exist.  Superficially,  these  beetles 
seem  to  have  produced  an  extraordinary  amount  of  black  pig- 
ment, which  consequently  overflowed  into  adjacent  areas  be- 
yond the  normal  limits  and  forms  of  the  12  spots. 

This  species  is  available  in  greater  or  lesser  numbers  here 
every  year,  and  the  beetle  is  large  enough  to  permit  notice 
readily  of  any  unusual  departures  in  dorsal  color  pattern.  In 
my  collecting  experience,  aberrations  of  this  kind  have  not  been 
noticed  heretofore. 

The  environmental  causes,  if  any,  and  the  internal  mechanics 
and  chemistry  of  unusual  insect  color  phenomena  seem  to  re- 
quire much  more  careful  research  before  full  understanding  is 
reached.  Basic  investigations  in  this  field  obviously  demand 
skill  in  microtechniques,  a  mastery  of  biological  chemistry  and 
inquiry  into  the  minutiae  of  insect  structure.  Recent  sum- 
maries of  the  subject  matter  on  insect  colors  are  available  in 
Imms,  A.  D.,  Recent  Advances  in  Entomology,  1931,  and  Fol- 
som,  J.  \Y.  and  Wardle,  R.  A.,  Entomology,  1934. 


The  Malaria-carrying  Anopheles  gambiae   (Diptera: 

Culicidae). 

The  NEWS  for  May,  1941,  page  125,  quoted  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation  Review  for  1940  that  "No  evidence  of  gambiae  in 
Brazil  was  found  during  the  last  47  days  of  1940."  The  same 
Review  for  1941,  referring  to  this  statement  says  (  p.  17)  :  "It 
will  be  remembered  that  this  was  the  mosquito  which,  imported 
from  Africa  by  airplanes  or  fast  navy  destroyers,  had  been 
responsible  for  a  widespread  and  devastating  malaria  epidemic. 
As  a  malaria  vector  this  mosquito  was  more  efficient  than  any 
anopheline  indigenous  to  America,  and  its  further  spread  was 
greatly  feared  ...  It  is  a  satisfaction  to  report  tha  no  infested 
areas  were  discovered  during  the  entire  year  1941.  Commercial 
planes  are  now  carefully  fumigated,  both  after  they  leave  Africa 
and  again  before  their  passengers  are  discharged  in  Brazil.  A 
dead  female  gambiae  was  discovered  after  fumigation  in  a 
plane  arriving  in  Brazil  in  October,  1941,  and  two  more  in 
January,  1942." 


List  of  Titles  of  Publications  Referred  to  by  Numbers 
in  Entomological  Literature  in  Entomological  News. 


1.  Transactions   of   The   American    Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia 

2.  Entomologische    Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein    etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annales  Set.  Naturellcs,  Zoologie,  Paris. 

4.  Canadian    Entomologist.      London,    Canada. 

5.  Psyche,  A  Journal  of   Entomology.     Boston,   Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'    Monthly    Magazine.     London. 

9.  The   Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitschrift.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of   Economic   Entomology,   Geneva,   N.  Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Archivos   do   Institute    Biologico,    Sao   Paulo. 

15.  Annales  Academia  Brasileira  de  Sciencias.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Entomologische  Zeitschrift.     Frankfurt-M. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn   Entomological   Society.     Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 

21.  The  Entomologists'  Record  and  Journal   of   Variation.     London. 

22.  Bulletin  of   Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bollctino  del  Lab.  di  Zool.  gen.  e  agraria  della  Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologiqne  de  France.     Paris. 

27.  Bollctino  della  Societa  Entomologica  Italiana.     Genova. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Fdreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of  the   Ent   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  Archivos  do  Institute  de  Biologia  Vegetal.    R.  d.  Janeiro. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.  E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

36.  Trans.  Royal  Entomological   Society,  London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the   Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,  Fla. 

40.  American   Museum    Novitates.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilunpen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     SchafThausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio    Journal   of    Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilena    de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fur  Morphologic  und  Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural   Research.     Washington.   D.    C. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the  U.   S.   National   Museum.     Washington,   D.   C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  Helsingfors.     Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv    fiir    Naturgeschichte.    hrsar.  v.  E.  Strand.     Berlin. 

53.  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical   Science.     London. 
^  Pan-Pacific    Entomologist.     Snn    Francisco,    Cal. 

57.  La  Feuille  des   Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Entomolofrische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.      Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologiqne,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner    entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,   Germany. 


61.  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.     San  Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 

64.  Zeitschrift   des   osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fiir  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.  K.  Escherich.     Berlin. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Physis.     Revista  Soc.  Argentina  Cien.  Nat.     Buenos  Aires. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,   England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Mem.  Instituto  Butantan.     Sao   Paulo,   Brazil. 

75.  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     London. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin   Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv   for   zoologie,   K.   Svenska    Vetenskapsakademien    i.      Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

87.  Archiv  fiir  Entwicklungsmechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.     Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaf  ten,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift   fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

97.  Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le   Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,   Quebec. 

101.  Tijdschrift  voor  entomologie.     Nederland.   Ent.   Ver.,  Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk   Forening,    Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological     Society,    Lawrence,     Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 
105.  Revista  de  Entomologia,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

106.  Anales  Sociedad  Cientifica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 

107.  Proc.,  Royal  Entomological  Society,  London. 

108.  Revista,  Col.   Nac.  Vicente  Rocafuerte,  Guayaquil. 

109.  Arbeiten  uber  morpholog.  und  taxonom.  ent.  aus   Berlin-Dahlem. 

110.  Arbeiten  ueber  physiolog.  u.  angewandte  ent.  aus  Berlin-Dahlem. 

111.  Memorias  do  Instituto  Oswaldo  Cruz.     Rio  de  Janeiro. 

112.  Anales    del    Instituto    de    Biologia    Mexico. 

114.  Occasional  Papers  of  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan. 

115.  Memorias  de  la  Soc.  Cubana  de  Hist.  Nat.     Havana,  Cuba. 

116.  Parasitology.     Ed.  Keilin  and  Kindle.     London. 

117.  Microentomology,    Stanford   University. 

118.  Ward's  Ent.  &  Nat.  Sci.  Bull.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

119.  American   Midland   Naturalist,   Notre   Dame,   Ind. 

120.  The   Great   Basin   Naturalist,    Provo,   Utah. 

121.  Ciencia,   Mexico   City. 

122.  Revista  Museo  de  la  Plata,  Buenos  Aires. 

123.  Indian  Journal  of  Entomology,  New  Delhi. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  173 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers    published    in    the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL — Anon. — Conservation  of  scholarly  journals. 
[7]  35:  1.  Busvine,  J.  R. — Domestic  entomology  in  wartime 
[31]  149:  295-296.  Cockefell,  T.  D.  A.— Entomology  and 
warfare.  [68]  95:  302.  Davis,  A.  C.— Obituary  by  Weigel, 
Bottimer  &  Buchanan.  [10]  44:  33-36J11.  Denier,  P.  C.  L.- 
Obituary  by  E.  del  Ponte.  [104]  11:  179-184.  Farrar,  M. 
D.— Small  insect  cage.  [12]  35:  76,  ill.  Fraenkel  &  Blew- 
ett. — Boitin  as  a  possible  growth  factor  for  insects.  [31  ]  149: 
301.  Frost,  S.  W. — Entomological  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
[12]  35:64.  Kloet,  G.  S.— An'  improved  breeding  cage.  [8] 
78:  58-60,  ill.  Improvements  to  Burke's  trap  for  wood- 
boring  insects.  [8|  78:  61-63,  ill.  Lindsay  &  Craig. — The 
distribution  of  radio-phosphorus  in  wax  moth,  mealworm, 
cockroach  and  firebrat.  [7|  35:  50-56,  ill.  Lochhead,  J.  H.- 
Control  of  swimming  position  by  mechanical  factors  and 
proprioception.  [O.  Rev.  Biol.]  17:  12-30,  ill.  Matthews, 
H.  D.— On  the  stridulations  of  insects.  [68]  95:  324-325.  ill. 
Michelbacher  &  Ross. — Contributions  toward  a  knowledge 
of  the  insect  fauna  of  Lower  California.  [61]  24:  19pp.,  ill. 
Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W. — Common  names  of  insects  approved 
by  the  American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists. 
|  12]  35 :  83-101.  Sabin  &  Ward.— Insects  and  epidemiology 
of  poliomyelitis.  [68]  95 :  300-301.  Teale,  E.  W.— The  story 
of  an  insect  garden.  [Nature  Mag.]  35:  245-248,  273,  ill. 
Urquhart,  F.  A. — An  insect  collection.  [Canadian  Nature] 


174  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June>    '42 

4:  92,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Clare  &  Tauber- 

Circulation  of  hemolymph  in  the  wings  of  the  cockroach, 
Blattella  germanica.  flowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  16:  349- 
356,  ill.  Also  [7 1  35:  57-67,  ill.  Harnly,  M.  H.— Wing-  form 
and  gene  function  in  nine  genotypes  of  Drosophila  niel- 
anogaster.  [92 1  02:  215-232.  Tiegs,  O.  W.— The  'dorsal 
organ'  of  collembolan  embryos.  [53]  83:  153-170,  ill.  Wad- 
dington,  C.  H. — Growth  and  determination  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Drosophila.  [31]  149:  264-265,  ill.  Wigglesworth, 
V.  B. — The  significance  of  'chromatic  droplets'  in  the  growth 
of  insects.  [53]  83:  141-152,  ill.  Yeager,  McGovran,  Mun- 
son  &  Mayer. — -Effect  of  blocking  Hemocytes  with  Chinese 
ink  and  staining  Nephrocytes  wioh  Trypan  blue  upon  the 
resistance  of  the  cockroach  Periplaneta  americana  to  sodium 
arsenite  and  nicotine.  [7]  35:  23-40,  ill.  Yeager  &  Mun- 
son. — Changes  induced  in  the  blood  cells  of  the  southern 
armyworm  fProdenia  eridania)  by  the  administration  of 
poisons.  [47]  64:  307-332,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA— Archer,  A.  F.- 
Alabama spiders  of  the  family  Mimetidae.  [Pap.  Michigan 
Acad.  Sci.  Arts  &  Letters]  27":  183-193,  ill.  Bryant,  E.  B.- 
Notes  on  the  spiders  of  the  Virgin  Islands.  [Bull.  Mus. 
Comp  Zool.]  99:  317-363,  ill.  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— New 
southern  millipeds.  [Bull.  Univ.  Utah]  32:  19pp.,  ill.  Glen- 
nie,  E.  A. — Supposed  cannibalism  among  spiders  in  high 
altitudes.  [Jour.  Bombay  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  42:  667:  Good- 
night, C.  J.  &  M.  L. — New  and  little  known  Phalangida 
from  Mexico.  [40]  No.  1163:  16pp.,  ill.  New  American 
Phalangida.  [40]  No.  1164:  4pp.,  ill.  Lowrie,  D.  C.— The 
ecology  of  the  spiders  of  the  Xeric  dunelands  in  the  Chicago 
area/ [Bull.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.]  6:  161-189,  ill.  Michel- 
bacher,  A.  E. — Contributions  toward  a  knowledge  of  the 
insect  fauna  of  Lower  California.  No.  5.  Symphyla.  [61]  24: 
153-160,  ill.  (*).  Smith,  C.  N. — Gynandromorphism  in  Ixo- 
des  dentatus.  [10]  44:  52-53,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS— Agrell,  L- 

Zur  okologie  der  Collembolen  untersuchungen  im  schwedis- 
chen  Lappland.  [Opuscula  Ent.]  3  (Suppl.)  :  236pp.,  ill. 
Banks,  N. — Contributions  toward  a  knowledge  of  the  insect 
fauna  of  Lower  California.  No.  4.  Myrmeliohidae.  [M|  24: 
133-152,  ill.  (*K).  Borror  &  Epstein. — New  records  of 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  175 

Ohio  dragonflies.  [43]  42:  81-83.  Denning,  D.  G.— Descrip- 
tion of  new  Trichoptera  from  the  United  Mates.  [4]  74:  46- 
51,  ill.  Good,  N.  t. — Carteretta  carteri  clavata,  a  new  sub- 
species from  Nevada,  and  notes  on  synonymy.  [7]  35:  110- 
113,  ill.  Kennedy,  C.  H. — Palaemnema  lorena  and  P.  mel- 
anocauda,  new  species  of  dragonnies  from  northwestern 
Ecuador  (Platystictidae).  [7J  66:  97-104,  ill.  Putman,  W. 
L. — Notes  on  the  predaceous  thrips  Haplothrips  subtilissi- 
mus  and  Aeolothrips  melaleucus.  [4J  74:  37-4,5.  Simmons, 
et  al. — Caddisfly  larvae  fouling  a  water  tunnel.  [12J  35:  77, 
ill.  Vishniac,  R. — Insects  of  ancient  lineage.  [Nature  Mag.] 
35:  252-253,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA— Fay,  R.  W.— Distribution  of  arsenic 
in  the  body  of  the  American  roach.  ]  12]  35 :  45-47.  Piran, 
A.  A. — Catalogo  sistematico  y  zoogeografico  de  Tettigon- 
ioideos  Argentines.  [104]  11:  240-281.  Wilbur  &  Fritz.- 
An  epizootic  among  the  thistle  hoppers.  Aeoloplus  turnbulli 
hruneri  in  Kansas.  [12]  35:  109. 

HEMIPTERA— Beamer,  R.  H.— Four  new  species  of 
Mesamia  (Cicadellid.).  [4]  74:  44-45.  Beard,  R.  L.— On 
the  formation  of  the  tracheal  funnel  in  Anasa  tristis  induced 
by  the  parasite  Trichopoda  pennipes.  [7]  35:  68-72,  ill. 
Cook,  W.  C.— The  beet  leafhopper.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.] 
Farmers'  Bull.  No.  1886:  21  pp.,  ill.  Davidson  &  DeLong. — 
Studies  of  the  genus  Empoasca  (Cicadellid.).  [7]  35:  105- 
109,  ill.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Spiniger  mazzai  n.  sp.  (Red- 
uviid.).  [Mem.  Inst.  Oswaldo  Cruz]  36:  387-389,  ill.  Con- 
sideracoes  sobre  alguns  Reduviideos  da  subfamilia  "Steno- 
podinae".  [Rev.  Brasil.  Biol.]  1:  337-342,  ill.  ('*).  de  Carlo, 
j.  A. — Descripcion  de  una  especie  nueva  dell  genero  Belos- 
toma.  [104]  11:  212-213,  ill.  deLong  &  Caldwell.— The 
genotype  of  Forcipata.  (Cicadellid.).  [7]  35:  49.  Essig,  E. 
O. — New  species  of  the  genus  Amphorophora  (Aphidid.). 
[7]  35  :  2-16.  ill.  Lizer  y  Trelles,  C.  A.— Cochinillas  halladas 
por  primera  vez  en  la  Argentina.  [104]  11 :  230-236  .  Tuthill, 
L.  D.— Leurolophus,  a  new  genus  of  the  family  Psyllidae. 
|  7]  35:  92-93,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA— Beirne,  B.  P.— The  morphology  of 
the  male  genitalia  of  the  lepidoptera.  [21]  54:  17-22,  cont., 
ill  Bourquin,  F. — Metamorfosis  de  Eurota  hermione. 
(Amatid.).  [104]  11:  214-220,  ill.  Brown  &  McGuffin. 
— Ne\v  descriptions  of  larvae  of  forest  insects,  Zan- 


176  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

clognatha,  Palthis,  and  Autographa  (Phalaenid.).  [4]  74: 
52-56,  ill.  Burkill,  H.  J.— Butterflies  drinking.  [9]  75:  71. 
Cockayne,  E.  A. — Spiral  and  other  abnormalities  of  segmen- 
tation in  Lepidoptera.  [9]  75:  49-54.  Fennah,  R.  G. — The 
"Orange  Moth"  of  Dominica,  B.  W.  I.  ]Trop.  Agric.]  19: 
73-78,  ill.  Heinrich,  C. — A  new  Psychophora  trom  the 
Hudson  Bay  Region  (Geometric!.).  '[10]  44:  50-51,  ill. 
Schaefer  &  Breyer. — Lista  de  lepidopteros  de  Catamarca  y 
algunas  observaciones.  [104J  11:  221-229,  ill.  Siegler,  Gert- 
ler  &  Haller. — Toxicity  of  some  semicarbazones  to  codling 
moth  larvae.  [12]  35:  74-76.  ill.  Urquhart,  F.  A.— Swallow- 
tail butterflies.  (Canadian  Nature]  4:  102,  ill. 

DIPTERA — Alexander,  C.  P.— New  or  little-known  Ti- 
pulidae.  Neotropical  species.  [75]  9:  219-245,  ill.  Beard, 
R.  L. —  (See  under  Hemiptera).  Deonier,  C.  C. — Seasonal 
abundance  and  distribution  of  certain  blowflies  in  southern 
Arizona  and  their  economic  importance.  [12]  35  :  65-70.  Fair- 
child,  G.  B.  The  seasonal  distribution  of  some  Tabanidae  in 
Panama.  [7]  35  :  85-91,  ill.  Fosdick,  R.  B.— The  death  of  the 
Gambiae.  [Rockefeller  Foundation  Review]  1941:  17-19,  ill. 
Goodey,  T. — On  the  morphology  of  Mermithonema  entomo- 
philum  n.  g'.,  n.  sp.,  a  nematode  parasite  of  the  fly,  Sepsis 
cynipsea.  [Jour.  Helminthology]  19:  105-122,  ill.  Griswold, 
G.  H. — An  unusual  experience  with  Lucilia  sericata.  [12] 
35:  73.  Harmston  &  Knowlton. — New  Dolichopodidae  of 
western  North  America.  [7]  35:  17-22,  ill.  Hull,  F.  M.- 
Some  new  species  of  Baccha  and  Mesogramma.  [43]  42:  73- 
74.  (s).  James,  M.  T. — New  species  and  records  of  Mexican 
Stratiomyidae.  [An.  Esc.  Nac.  Cien.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2:  241- 
249.  (k).  Mangrum,  J.  F. — The  parasitic  fly,  Zelia  verte- 
brata  (Dexiid.).  [7]  35:  73-75,  ill.  Morgan,  B.  B.— The 
viability  of  Trichomonas  foetus  in  the  house  fly  (Musca 
domestica).  [Pro.  Helminthological  Soc.  Washington].  9: 
17-20.  Ouellet,  J. — Deux  nouveaux  Dipteres  (Empidid.). 
[98]  69:  78-85,  ill.  Sullivan,  Goodhue  &  Fales.— Toxicity 
to  adult  mosquitoes  of  aerosols  produced  by  spraying  solu- 
tions of  insecticides  in  liquefied  gas.  [12]  35:  48-51. 

COLEOPTERA— Bryant,  G.  E.— Lista  provisional  de 
los  Crisomelidos  de  Venezuela.  [Bol.  Soc.  Venezolana  Cien. 
Nat.]  7:  195-208.  Buchanan,  L.  L. — Xylocomesus  Thatcher 
a  curculionid.  [10]  44:  50.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Sobre  a 
"Joaninha"  "Coccidophilus  citricola".  [Rev.  Brasil.  Biol.]  1  : 
409-414,  ill.  Denier,  P.  C.  L. — Apuntes  sobre  la  biologia  de 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  177 

Conotrachelus  denieri  plaga  del  algodonero.  [104]  11:  185- 
207,  ill.  Apuntes  al  margen  de  publicaciones  recientes  sobre 
Curculionidos  de  la  tribu  Naupactini.  [104]  11:  208-211. 
Eaton,  C.  B. — The  anatomy  and  histology  of  the  proven- 
triculus  of  Ips  radiatae.  (Scolytid.j.  [7j  35 :  41-49,  ill.  Biolo- 
gy of  the  weevil  Cylindrocopturus  eatoni  injurious  to  Pon- 
derosa  and  Jeffrey  Pine  reproduction.  [12]  35:  20-25,  ill. 
Fisher,  W.  S. — New  Coleoptera  from  Puerto  Rico.  [Jour. 
Agric.  Univ.  Puerto  Rico]  25:  37-39.  A  new  Cerambycid 
beetle  from  Oregon.  [4]  74:  51.  Frohawk,  F.  W. — Sparrow- 
chasing  stag  beetle.  [9]  75 :  70.  Knowlton  &  Meier. — Col- 
lops  bipunctatus.  [12]  35:  108,  ill.  Leech,  H.  B.— Dimor- 
phism in  the  flying  wrings  of  a  species  of  wrater  beetle,  Aga- 
bus  bifarius  (Dytiscidae).  [7]  35:  76-80,  ill.  Mandibular 
shapes  in  water  beetles  of  the  genus  Thermonectus  (Dytis- 
cidae). [4]  74:  56,  ill.  Linsley,  E.  G. — Contributions  toward 
a  knowledge  of  the  insect  fauna  of  Lower  California.  No.  12 
Cerambycidae.  [61]  24:  21-96,  ill.  (*).  Systematics  of  the 
Meloid  genera  Hornia  and  Allendesalazaria.  [67]  7:  169- 
187,  ill.  Roth,  L.  M.— The  Oenocytes  of  Tenebrio.  [7]  35: 
81-84,  ill.  Strickland,  E.  H.— Variations  in  the  length  of 
the  life-cycle  of  wireworms.  [12]  35:  109.  Timberlake,  P. 
H. — A  new  species  of  Hippodamia  from  Mexico  (Coccinel- 
lid.).  [10]  44:  39.  Van  Dyke,  E.  C.— Contribution  toward 
a  knowledge  of  the  insect  fauna  of  Lower  California.  No.  3 
Buprestidae.  [61]  24:  97-132,  ill.  (*).  Wittmer,  W.— Con- 
tribution a  la  connaissance  des  Malacodermes  neotropiques. 
[104]  11 :  237-239.  Woodside,  A.  M.— Tenebroides  corticalis 
predaceous  on  codling  moth  larvae.  [12]  35:  110. 

HYMENOPTERA— Bradley,  W.  G.— Methods  of  breed- 
ing Chelonus  annulipes  on  the  Mediterranean  flour  moth  for 
use  against  the  European  corn  borer.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.] 
Circ.  616:  23pp.,  ill.  Buren,  W.  F. — New  ants  from  Minne- 
sota, Iowa  and  Wisconsin.  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.] 
16:  399-408.  Callan,  E.  McC  —  A  note  on  Timulla  eriphyla 
(  Alutillid.),  a  parasite  of  Tachysphex  blatticidus  (Larrid.), 
from  Trinidad,  B.  W.  I.  [107]  17:  18.  Cushman,  R.  A.- 
The  synonymy  of  Idiogramma  (Ichneumonid.).  [10]  44:  54. 
Deleurance,  E.  P. — Contributions  a  1'etude  biologique  de 
la  Camargue.  Observations  entomologiques.  [Bull.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  Marseille]  1941  :  275-289,  ill.  Flanders,  S.  E.- 
Sex  differentiation  in  the  polyembryonic  proclivity  of  the 
Hymenoptera.  [12]  35:  108.  Rau,  P. — Temperature  as  a 


178  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

factor  inducing  the  hibernation  of  Polistes  annularis.      [7] 
35 :  94-96. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES — Systema  Aphididae.— A  guide  to 
the  phylogeny  of  the  aphids  or  plant  lice.  Part  1.  The  Lach- 
nea.  By  O.  W.  Oestlund.  Minnesota.  1942.  78pp. 


COLLEGE  ENTOMOLOGY.  By  E.  O.  ESSIG,  Professor  of  En- 
tomology, Entomologist  in  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 
tion, University  of  California.  New  York.  The  Macmillan 
Company.  1942.  Pp.  vii,  900.  308  figs.  $5.00— Of  recent 
text  books  of  entomology,  in  English,  this  one  devotes  a  pro- 
portionally larger  share  of  its  pages  to  taxonomy,  as  may  be 
seen  from  the  following  comparative  figures.  The  first 
numerals  show  the  number  of  pages  on  each  topic,  those  in 
parenthesis  give  the  percentage  value  thereof.  The  sequence 
of  subjects  is  that  of  the  present  volume. 

ESSIG,  1942:  Metamorphosis  of  insects  12  (1.33),  Anatomy 
40  (4.44),  Classification  of  insects  6  (.67),  Thirty-three  ord- 
ers 770  (85.55),  General  references  3  (.33),  Index  of  authors 
5+63  of  subjects— 68  (7.55),  Total  pages  907,  Number  of 
figures  308,  Lines  of  larger  type  per  page  45,  of  smaller  type  49. 

METCALF  and  FLINT,  Fundamentals  of  Insect  Life,  1932: 
Development  and  metamorphosis  24  (4.05),  Anatomy  and  phy- 
siology 61  (10.3),  Twenty-three  orders  182  (30.74),  Other 
topics  (place  of  insects,  control,  ecology,  behavior)  254  (42.91), 
General  references  5  (.84),  Index  55 '(9.29),  Total  pages  592, 
Number  of  figures  315,  Lines  of  larger  type  per  page  42,  of 
smaller  type  52. 

IMMS,  General  Textbook  of  Entomology,  3rd  edition,  1934: 
Development  and  metamorphosis  42  (5.68),  Anatomy  and  phy- 
siology 169  (22.87),  Classification  4  (.54),  Twenty-three 
orders  479  (64.82),  References  at  the  ends  of  the  various  sec- 
tions. Index  of  authors  8+25  of  subjects=33  (4.46),  Total 
pages  739,  Number  of  figures  624,  Lines  of  larger  type  per 
page  53,  of  smaller  type  65. 

COMSTOCK,  Introduction  to  Entomology,  Ninth  edition,  1940: 
Metamorphosis  40  (3.70),  Anatomy  139  (12.84),  Classifica- 
tion 11  (1.02),  Twenty-six  orders  791  (73.10),  General  refer- 
ences 20  (1.85),  Index  36  (3.33),  Total  pages  1082,  Number 
of  figures  1228,  Lines  of  larger  type  per  page  41,  of  smaller 

type  61. 

The  greater  share  given  to  taxonomy  in  Prof.  Essig's  book 
directs  attention  to  this  topic.  The  thirty-three  orders  here 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  179 

recognized  are  essentially  those  of  Handlirsch  (in  Schroder's 
Handlirsch,  1913-1925)  and  of  Brues  and  Melander  (Classifi- 
cation of  Insects,  1932),  except  that  the  names  employed  are 
not  always  the  same.  The  chief  taxonomic  difference  between 
the  three  works  is  that  Essig,  reverting  to  "a  continued  accept- 
ance of  Latreille's  views"  (p.  263),  considers  the  Homoptera 
and  Heteroptera  together  as  one  order,  Hemiptera.  In  his 
preface  our  author  states  that  "he  has  considered  with  great 
care  every  change  involving  the  name  of  an  order,  family  or 
genus,  and  the  whole  is  the  product  of  much  research,  discussion 
and  progressive  thinking."  As  a  consequence  the  name  of  each 
order,  suborder  and  family  in  chapters  IV-XXXVI  is  followed 
by  that  of  its  author  and  date.  Historical  evidence  for  the 
conclusions  reached  is  often  given  in  footnotes.  Quoting  again 
from  the  preface:  "In  assigning  authors  and  dates  to  the  names 
of  orders  and  families  considerable  difficulty  has  been  experi- 
enced in  determining  priority,  and  there  are  no  doubt  errors 
in  these  debatable  matters.  Suggestions  and  corrections  will  be 
most  welcome."  We  foresee  a  lively  and  prolonged  discussion 
of  Prof.  Essig's  results.  The  accents  and  derivation  of  these 
group  names  are  usually  given.  The  species  which  are  included 
in  this  book  "have  been  selected  for  one  of  three  reasons:  (1) 
long  associations  with  the  human  race;  (2)  some  peculiarity 
in  form,  size,  color,  habits;  or  (3)  interesting  and  typical 
examples  of  the  family."  The  author  "has  treated  the  subject 
from  a  world  viewpoint  rather  than  from  a  continental  one." 
Thus,  in  the  family  Saturniidae,  the  giant  silkworms,  nine 
North  American  species  and  thirteen  from  other  continents  are 
mentioned  or  described ;  corresponding  figures  from  Imms  are 
one  and  ten,  from  Comstock  twelve  and  one.  Keys  to  the 
orders,  superfamilies  and  families  are  supplied.  Following 
the  treatment  of  each  order  is  a  list  of  selected  references  which 
extend,  in  various  sections,  from  1783  to  1940.  Many  of  the 
references  credited  to  C.  Schroder  are  really  due  to  Handlirsch 
and  other  authors  who  contributed  to  the  Handbuch  dcr  En/o- 
niolngic  edited  by  Schroder.  At  the  beginning  of  each  chapter 
dealing  with  a  larger  order  is  usually  a  tabular  statement  of 
the  anatomical  characters,  external  and  internal  of  the  images 
and  frequently  also  of  the  larvae.  Many  of  the  figures  are  new, 
some  have  been  taken  from  the  author's  Insects  of  IVcstcrn 
Xorth  America  (1926)  and  A  History  of  Entomology  (  1931)  ; 
the  remainder  are  from  other  writers,  including  Moufet  (1634) 
and  Swammerdam  (1738).  On  the  inside  of  the  front  and 
rear  covers  and  the  fly-leaves  facing  them  is  a  map  of  the  world 
in  colors  showing  the  usual  five  zoogeographical  regions.  \\  r 


180  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,    '42 

have  not  sought  for  errors  in  the  text,  but  the  dates  given  (p.  2) 
for  Aristotle  "(257-185  B.  C.)"  are  not  those  (384-322  B.  C.) 
to  be  found  in  most  works  on  the  Greek  philisopher.  Prof. 
Essig's  new  book  is  well  done  and  a  noteworthy  addition  to 
entomology.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 

FERNALD  CLUB  YEARBOOK.  The  Fernald  Club,  1941,  Massa- 
chusetts State  College,  Amherst,  Mass.  Number  11.  January 
1942.  Dedicated  to  Harold  Locke  Frost.  36  mimeographed 
pages. — The  "aims  and  guiding  purpose  of  this  yearbook  are 
the  same  as  they  were  eleven  years  ago — to  assemble  an  account 
of  the  activities  and  achievements  of  the  students,  the  depart- 
ment and  its  graduates  ;  to  foster  a  close  relationship  between 
students  and  faculty  at  the  college  and  graduates  working  in 
the  field,  and  to  preserve  for  present  and  future  entomologists 
information  of  historical  interest  which  might  otherwise  be 
lost."  Vincent  A.  Lafletir,  of  the  Class  of  1942,  is  editor.  The 
staff  of  the  department  of  entomology  and  zoology  in  1941 
comprised  one  emeritus  professor  (Henry  T.  Fernald),  five 
professors,  three  assistant  professors,  two  instructors,  four 
assistants,  two  teaching  fellows  and  one  clerk.  Additions  of 
6500  specimens  during  1941  bring  the  totals  in  the  insect  col- 
lection to  9850  species  and  75,933  named  specimens.  Varied 
activities,  including  publications,  of  the  staff  and  students  are 
listed.  The  work  in  economic  entomology  of  an  earlier  student:, 
Charles  Pugsley  Lounsbury,  as  Government  Entomologist  of 
the  Colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1895-1927,  is  summar- 
ized on  pages  21-24  by  Prof.  C.  P.  Alexander.  Obituaries  of 
recently  deceased  students  who  published  or  did  other  active 
work  in  entomology  include  Harold  Locke  Frost.  1875-1940; 
Frederick  Andrew  Johnston,  1887-1941  ;  Thomas  Henry  Jones, 
1885-1941  ;  and  Dr.  John  Nicholas  Summers,  1884-1941.  A 
reproduction  of  a  group  photograph  of  the  departmental  per- 
sonnel appears  on  the  first  page  of  the  cover.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 

Distribution  of  Insects  by  Airplanes. 

Attention  should  be  called  to  the  increasing  danger  of  trans- 
portation by  airplanes  of  dangerous  mosquitoes  of  various 
species,  and  of  other  disease  vectors  as  well,  especially  during 
wartime  when  military  necessity  has  a  tendency  to  override 
civilian  attempts  to  control  plane  movements  in  the  interests 
of  public  health.  The  gambiae  could  just  as  easily  travel  to 
Asia  as  it  could  to  the  Americas.  We  do  not  know  whether  or 
not  the  tsetse  fly,  one  of  the  vectors  of  African  sleeping  sickness, 
can  successfully  establish  itself  in  the  Americas,  but  a  male  of 
this  species  was  found  on  a  plane  going  to  Brazil  from  Africa 
in  November,  1941. — Rockefeller  Foundation  Review  for  1941. 


EXCHANGES 

This   column  is   intended   only   for   wants   and   exchanges,   not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 

not  exceeding   three   lines   free    to   subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new 
ones  are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the 
top  (being  longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — -Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster,  Saskatchewan,  Canada, 

Wanted — Tropical  Lepidoptera  and  Insects.  Also  domestic  species. 
Will  exchange  or  buy  specimens.  M.  A.  Zappalorti,  253  Senator 
Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Calendra  (Sphenophorus)  from 
North  America.  Will  exchange  Eastern  U.  S.  Calendra  or  other 
Colcoptera  for  desired  species.  R.  C.  Casselberry,  302  Lincoln 
Avenue,  Lansdowne,  Penna. 

Coccinellidae  wanted  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  especially  South 
and  Central  America.  Buy  or  exchange.  G.  H.  Dieke,  1101 
Argonne  Drive,  Baltimore,  Md. 


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O.  FULDA  PROP.,  ESTABLISHED  1904, 

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but  is  in  no  way  confined  to  that  region.  The  systematic  and  biological 
phases  of  entomology  are  stressed  including  articles  on  insect  taxonomy, 
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A  Year  of  Costa  Rican  Natural  History 

By  AMELIA   SMITH    CALVERT.  Sometime  Fellow   in  Biology,  Bryn  Mawr  College,    and 
PHILIP  POWELL  CALVERT,  Emeritus  Profeg.or   of  Zoology,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  Editor  of  Entomological  News. 

Cloth,  8vo.,  pp.  xix  -)-  577.  Frontispiece  (of  14  species  of  insects  in  colors),  137 
black  and  white  illustrations,  5  maps.  $3.00. 

Written  in  non-technical  language  but  recording  many  new  observations.  Notes  on 
250  species  of  insects  (Orthoptera,  Odonata,  Neuroptera,  Coleoptera.  Hymenoptera, 
Lepidoptera,  Diptera.  Hemiptera),  56  figured;  on  Arachnids  and  other  animals;  on  230 
species  of  plants  (60  reproduced  from  photographs),  on  human  life  and  manners,  volcanoes, 
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For   Sal<-   by 

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1900    Race   Street,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 


REVISTA  DE  ENTOMOLOGIA 

AN  INTERNATIONAL  REVIEW  OF  ENTOMOLOGY 

An  illustrated  magazine  published  four  times  a  year  by  Thomaz 
Borgmeier,  O.F.M.,  devoted  to  entomology,  mainly  of  the  neotropical 
launa 

The  volumes  already  published  since  1931  comprise  thousands  of 
pages  and  contain  articles  by  leading  entomologists  such  as  F.  W. 
Edwards,  W.  Horn,  E.  Lindner,  J.  W.  S.  Macfie,  E.  Martini,  A.  da  Costa 
Lima,  F.  Silvestri,  C.  Menozzi,  A.  Reichensperger,  F.  Santschi,  J.  D. 
Hood,  etc.,  with  a  bibliography  of  the  current  literature  (economic  and 
non-economic)  of  the  neotropical  fauna. 

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MANUAL  OF  MYIOLOGY  (IN  TWELVE  PARTS) 

by  Charles  H.  T.  Townsend 

Part  I.  Development  and  Structure.  1934.  275  pp. 

Fart  II.  Muscoid  Classification  and  Habits.  1935.  280  pp.  9  pis. 

Part  III.         Oestroid  Classification  and  Habits.   (Gymnosomatidae  to  Tac- 

hinidae).  1936.  249  pp 
Part  IV.         Oestroid  Classification  and  Habits.   (Dexiidae  and  Exoristidae) . 

1936.  303  pp. 

Part  V.  Muscoid    Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Glossinini  to  Agriini). 

1937.  232  pp. 

Part  VI.        Muscoid  Generic    Diagnoses  and    Data    (Stephanostomatini    to 

Moriniini).  1938.  242  pp. 
Part  VII.       Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Gymnosomatini  to  Ste- 

nostomatini).  1938.  427  pp. 
Part  VIII.     Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Microtropezini  toVoriini). 

1939.  405  pp. 
Part  IX.         Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Thelairini  to  Clythoini). 

1939.  268  pp. 
Part  X.          Oestroid    Generic    Diagnoses  and  Data     (Anacamptomyiini    to 

Frontinini).  1940.  334  pp. 
Part  XI          Oestroid  Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Goniini  to  Trypoerini) . 

330  pp. 
Prices  and  other  information  may  be  secured  from: 

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RECENT  LITERATURE 


FOR    SALE    BY 


THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


DIPTERA 

1095 — Bromley  (S.  W.). — Madagascar  robber  flies  with  descr. 

of  n.  sps.  (Asilidae).  (68  11-22,  figs.,  1942)..  .25 

1096. — Dalmat  (H.  T.). — New  genus  and  sp.  of  Cuterebridae 
from  Costa  Rica  and  other  taxonomic  notes.  (68:  23-30, 
1  pi.,  1942)  25 


LEPIDOPTERA 

1094. — Richards   (A.  G.). — A  revision  of  the  sps.  of  Gabara  of 

eastern  U.  S.   (Phalaenidae).     (68:  1-10,  1  pi.,  1942).        .20 


ATTENTION 
WORKING  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

We  would  call  your  attention  to  the  increasing  scarcity 
of  many  of  the  publications  of  The  American  Entomological 
Society,  and  advise  you  to  obtain  those  desired  before  the 
publisher  is  unable  to  supply  them,  at  least  at  the  present 
prices.  This  refers  to  contributions  published  in  the  Proceed- 
ings of  The  Entomological  Society  of  Philadelphia  and  in  the 
Transactions  of  The  American  Entomological  Society.  We 
will  be  glad  to  give  you  prices  on  any  available  if  you  send 
us  your  desiderata,  stating  authors,  volume  and  pagination. 

We  also  have  a  number  of  entomological  papers  pub- 
lished in  other  journals,  duplicated  in  the  Society's  library. 
In  submitting  your  want  list  in  this  line,  give  order,  author, 
journal,  volume,  pagination  and  date.  Address' 

The  American  Entomological  Society,  1900  Race  Street 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


.  IMS; 

NATL.    SK7S. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


JULY,  19 


Vol.  LIII 


CONTENTS 

Rau  —  Clouds  of  Butterflies  in  Mexico:  A  Study  in  Butterfly  Aggrega- 
tions (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera)  .............. 

Chamberlin  —  Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Centipeds  chiefly  from  Louisi- 

ana, Arkansas  and  Missouri  (Chilopoda)  ..........  134 

Bradley  —  Notes  on  Bees  (Hymen.:  Andrenidae)  ......... 

Wood  and  Gottschalk  —  The  Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and  Montgomery 
Counties,  Virginia  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera)  ......... 

Alexander  —  The  Describers  of  Insect  Species    ......... 

Usinger—  A  Brachypterous  Reduvius  from  Lower  California  (Hetero- 
ptera:  Reduviidae)  .................. 

The  American  Commission  on  Scientific  Nomenclature  in  Entomology 
Current    Entomological  Literature    ...........        ...  201 

Meeting  of  Scientific  Photographers  ...........  210 


191 
197 


200 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
1900  Race  Street 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published   monthly,   excepting   August   and    September,    by   the    American 
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Ph.D.,  V.  S.  L.  Pate,  L.  S.  Mackey,  A.  G.  Richards,  Jr.,  Ph.D.,  J.  W.  H 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  JULY,  1942  No  7 

Clouds  of  Butterflies  in  Mexico:    A  Study  in 
Butterfly  Aggregations  (Lepid. :  Ehopalocera). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 
(Continued  from  page   155.) 

SUMMARY  AND  DISCUSSION. 

The  clouds  of  butterflies  along  the  highways  of  Mexico 
were  charming  to  behold,  but  it  was  soon  discovered  that  the 
insects  so  conspicuously  afloat  in  the  air,  attained  that  position 
for  the  most  part  at  the  behest  of  artificial  disturbances. 
Normally  the  butterflies  spend  the  daylight  hours  at  rest  in 
moist  places  on  the  ground  or  in  cool  culverts  under  the  high- 
way in  small  or  large  aggregations  of  one  or  more  species. 

Observing  the  various  species  so  congregated,  one  soon  no- 
tices behavior-patterns  among  them  of  great  diversity.  Their 
conduct  under  these  conditions,  it  seems  to  me,  has  much  to 
teach  us  from  several  avenues  of  approach,  the  most  important 
being  that  of  societal  evolution.  Butterflies,  because  of  their 
"desire"  to  be  in  close  company  of  one  another,  present  links 
in  the  chain  of  evolution  of  insect-societies  which,  as  is  well 
known,  have  had  their  culmination  in  the  complex  social  con- 
ditions of  the  higher  Hymenoptera. 

Butterflies  as  already  stated,  spend  long  hours  among  their 
fellows  in  cool  culverts  or  on  the  moist  ground  in  the  tropical 
sunshine.     The  coolness,  the  moisture,  and  the  sunshine  evi- 
dently are  the  factors  which  hold  them  to  the  places  in  which 
they  congregate,  while  the  yen   for  sociability  is  what  brings 
them  together  in  the  first  place.    It  is  quite  likely  in  all  of  this, 
that  an  awareness  of  color  or  of  color-pattern     as  well  as  of 
odor  and  tactile  perception  are  the   influencing   factors;   thru 
may  also  be  a  recognition  of  species  or  of  family  (taxonomic) 
by  these  or  by  other  means. 

Many  of  the  reactions,  since  they  come  about  by  the  use  of 

181 


182  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '42 

the  sense  organs,  are  open  for  experimentation  and  study,  and 
with  proper  technique  may  he  weighed  and  measured.  That 
which  is  not  measurable,  however,  and  also  is  quite  unaccount- 
able, is  the  peculiar  craving  for  sociability,  which  appears  not 
alone  in  butterflies,  but  more  or  less  strongly  in  all  organisms. 
Wheeler4  has  discussed  the  subject  solely  from  the  standpoint 
of  insects,  and  Alice5  has  done  so  for  organisms  from  Pro- 
tozoa to  Man.  Various  points  of  view  are  expressed  by  them 
to  account  for  the  presence  of  social  and  sub-social  conditions, 
and  also  its  evolution,  but  both  have  neglected  to  mention  this 
kind  of  gregariousness  among  butterflies.  The  last  word 
has  not  yet  been  said  on  the  problems  involved,  nor  on  the 
various  steps  taken  by  organisms  in  the  evolution  of  insect 
societies. 

Since  butterflies  have  been  overlooked  in  studies  of  societal 
evolution,  an  attempt  is  here  made  to  classify  the  behavior  data 
given  in  the  forepart  of  this  paper.  This  behavior  runs  the 
gamut  from  the  decidedly  non-social  conditions  as  observed, 
for  example,  in  the  reddish-brown  Anaea  aidca  to  the  highly 
gregarious  conduct  of,  say,  the  large  yellow  Pliocbis  ui/aritlic 
uia.rima  where  as  many  as  several  thousand  individuals  con- 
gregate solidly  or  congregate  in  company  with  the  large  white 
Antcos  clonndc.  Between  these  extremes  may  be  found  exam- 
ples of  several  kinds  and  degrees  of  gregariousness ;  in  fact, 
the  twenty-six  species  observed  in  this  study  may  be  classified 
into  six  categories.  The  categories  and  the  butterflies  which 
belong  to  each  of  them  follow : 

1.  Those  which  are  non-social,  showing  no  tendency  to  gre- 
gariousness; Anaea  aidca,  Chioidcs  zilpa. 

2.  Those    which   are    non-social,    but    only    occasionally    are 
found  to  be  gregarious;  and  then  only  in  groups  of  their  own 
species;  Papilio  philolaus,   ]rictorina  stclcncs  biplagiata. 

3.  Those  which  are  non-social,  but  occasionally  are  found  in 
groups,  not  of  their  own  species  but  in  groups  of  other  species; 

4  The  Social  Insects,  1928. 

5  Animal  Aggregations,  1931. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  183 

none. 

4.  Those  which  are   found   in   aggregations   solidly  of   their 
own    species :    Phoebis   agarithc    maxima,    Chiomara    asychus, 
linrcma  ncda,  AcJilyadcs  thraso,  Colacnis  julia,  Precis  lavinia 
zonalis,  Athena  chiron,  Athena  pctrcus. 

5.  Those  which  are  found  in  aggregations  of  different  species 
but  all  of,  more  or  less,  the  same  color  as  themselves:  Eurcma 
gratiosa,   E.    me.ricana,   E.   ncda    nclphc,   Papilio   crcsphontes, 
Fapilio  thoas  autodcs,  Chlosync  janais,  Microtia  clva. 

6.  Those  found  in  aggregations  of  mixed  species  and  also  of 
different   colors:   Phoebis   agarithe   maxima,   Anteos   clorindc, 
I'hveiodes  vesta  boncardi,  Anthanassa  texana,  Chlosync  lacinia, 
C.  ad  jut  fix,  C.  janais,  Ascia  monnste  monustc. 

It  is  apparent  from  the  classification  that  it  is  possible  for 
some  species  to  be  placed  in  more  than  one  category,  as  in  the 
case  of  Phoebis  agarithe  maxima,  and  also  that  one  category 
is  possible  (no.  3)  for  which  no  species  have  yet  been  found. 

It  is  further  apparent,  that  the  gregarious  behavior  of  the 
butterflies  is  by  no  means  haphazard,  and  that  the  various 
types  may  easily  be  classified ;  although  one  may  also  readily 
perceive  that  at  other  times  and  in  other  places  a  species  by 
its  changed  Behavior  may  entirely  upset  its  present  status  of 
classification.  This  study,  therefore,  is  suggestive  rather  than 
exhaustive.  It  brings  one  to  the  realization  of  the  need  for 
much  additional  observation  and  experiment  before  a  phylo- 
genetic  scheme  may  be  built  up  for  the  evolution  of  social 
behavior  in  insects. 

There  are  two  additional  aspects  of  butterfly  behavior  more 
or  less  remote  from  that  of  aggregation,  which  may,  however, 
have  an  indirect  bearing  on-  the  subject.  One  is  the  proportion 
of  sexes  in  aggregations  and  the  other  has  to  do  with  how  or 
where  the  butterflies  spend  the  night.  \Vhile  I  neglected  to 
make  first  hand  observations  on  where  the  insects  spend  the 
ni"-ht  I  did  note  in  the  material  brought  home  for  identification 

O 

that  almost  all  of  the  butterflies  were  males.  These  questions, 
however,  have  been  answered  by  Wallace  rind  by  Belt,  both 
of  whom  observed  butterfly  aggregations  in  the  tropics.  Wal- 
lace (Tropical  Nature,  p.  76,  1878)  found  butterflies  "assem- 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Juty.    '42 

hi  ing  together  in  flocks  of  hundreds  of  individuals,  on  river- 
sides and  margins  of  pools,  but  these  were  almost  always 
composed  of  males,  the  females  remaining  in  the  forests  where 
toward  the  afternoon  their  partners  join  them."  Bates  (Na- 
turalist on  the  Amazon,  p.  386,  1863)  observed  80  species 
belonging  to  22  different  genera  congregating  on  the  sand  and 
says  "it  is  a  singular  fact  that,  with  very  few  exceptions,  the 
individuals  of  these  various  species,  sporting  in  sunny  places 
were  of  the  male  sex;  their  partners,  which  are  much  more 
soberly  dressed,  and  immensely  less  numerous  than  the  males 
being  confined  to  the  shades  of  the  woods.  Every  afternoon 
as  the  sun  was  getting  low  I  used  to  notice  these  gaudy  sunshine 
loving  swains  trooping  off  to  the  forest." 


Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Centipeds  chiefly  from 
Louisiana,  Arkansas  and  Missouri  (Chilopoda). 

By  RALPH  V.  CHAMBERLIN,  University  of  Utah, 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Herewith  are  listed  the  species  of  chilopods  represented  in  a 
collection  made  for  the  most  part  by  Mr.  Leslie  Hubricht  in 
Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Missouri,  Oklahoma  and  Texas  in  the 
years  1935  and  1936. 

The  types  of  the  four  new  species  described  are  retained  in 
the  author's  collection. 

SCOLOPENDRIDA. 

OTOCRYPTOPS  SEXSPINOSUS  (Say).  Localities — Louisiana: 
Sheridom,  August  20,  1940,  one  specimen ;  Natchitoches  Par- 
ish, 2  miles  south  of  Saline,  April  12,  1936,  2  specimens.  Ar- 
kansas:  Jackson  County,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Oliphant,  April 
10,  1936,  one  specimen.  Missouri:  St.  Louis  Co.,  4.3  miles 
northwest  of  Glencoe,  March  1,  1936,  one  specimen. 

THEATOPS    POSTICUS    (Say).      Localities — Louisiana:    Tali- 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  185 

sheek,  February  9,  1939,  2  specimens ;  Greenburg,  February  5, 
1939,  one  specimen.  Texas:  Brazos  County,  8  miles  south  of 
College  Station,  April  21,  1936,  3  specimens. 

T.  SPINICAUDUS  (Wood).  Locality — Arkansas:  Jackson 
County,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Oliphant. 

SCOLOPENDRA  viRiois  Say.  Locality — Louisiana:  Caddo 
Parish,  5  miles  northwest  of  Shreveport,  April  13,  1936,  one 
specimen. 

S.  HERDS  (Girard).  Locality — Texas:  Brazos  County,  14 
miles  southwest  of  College  Station,  April  21,  1936,  one  speci- 
men. 

GEOPHILIDA. 

ARENOPIIILUS  BIPUNCTICEPS  (Wood).  Localities — Okla- 
homa: Murray  County,  Arbuckle  Mountains,  near  Turner  Falls, 
April  23,  1936,  two  specimens.  Louisiana:  Caddo  Parish,  5 
miles  northwest  of  Shreveport,  April  13,  1936,  two  specimens. 
Missouri :  St.  Louis  County,  1  mile  south  of  Kirkwood,  March 
15,  1936,  one  specimen;  Musick's  Ferry,  May  15,  1934,  one 
specimen. 

LINOTAENIA  BIDENS  (Wood).  Locality — Missouri:  Jeffer- 
son County,  1.5  miles  southeast  of  Maxville,  December  8,  1935, 
one  specimen  taken  "under  log  on  hillside." 

L.  CHIONOPHILA  (Wood).  Locality — Missouri:  St.  Louis 
County,  4.3  miles  northwest  of  Glencoc  Station,  March  1,  1936, 
one  specimen. 

L.  FULVA   (Sager).     Locality — Missouri:  St.   Louis  County, 
.5  miles  east  of  Morschels,  March  15,  1936,  one  specimen. 
Escaryus  missouriensis  new  species. 

General  color  of  dorsum  dark  yellow  anteriorly  and  especially 
the  head  of  a  distinct  chestnut  tinge. 

Head  longer  than  broad  in  about  the  ratio  36:29.  No  front 
suture.  Cephalic  plate  overlapping  the  basal.  First  maxillae 
without  lappets. 

Clypeus  uniformly  areolate  throughout.  No  clear  spots  free 
from  the  polygonal  areas;  a  pair  of  setae  about  one-fourth  the 
distance  from  labrum  to  anterior  end  and  about  eight  setae  in  a 
patch  anteriorly. 

Prosternum  anteriorly  with  a  median  v-shaped  excision  on 
each  side  of  which  is  a  low,  transverse,  chitinotis  plate;  without 
chitinous  lines.  Femur  of  prehensors  with  a  tooth  at  extreme 


186  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '42 

distal  end  within ;  the  next  2  joints  also  with  low  rounded 
tubercles  at  distal  end ;  tooth  at  base  of  claw  absent  or  absolete. 

Spiracles  all  circular,  the  first  greatly  exceeding  the  second 
in  size. 

Anterior  sternites  with  a  deep  longitudinal  depression  or  sul- 
cus  across  the  middle  portion;  all  entirely  without  a  "carpopha- 
gus"  structure. 

Last  sternite  narrow,  scarsely  narrowing  caudad,  much  longer 
than  wide.  Last  coxopleurae  large,  bearing  numerous  small 
pores  over  nearly  entire  surface  except  cuadal  area  above  and 
caudomesal  area  below. 

Anal  leg  >  of  male  moderately  inflated ;  Claw  normal. 

Anal  pO''es  distinct. 

Gonopods  of  male  long,  slenderly  conical. 

Pairs  of  legs,  59. 

Length,  about  65  mm. 

Locality — MISSOURI  :  St.  Louis  County,  4.3  miles  northwest 
of  Glencoe.  One  male  taken  by  Leslie  Hubricht,  March  11, 
1936. 

LlTHOBIIDA. 

Gosibius  louisianus  new  species. 

A  species  belonging  to  Gosibius  sens.  str.  in  having  the  pos- 
terior angles  of  the  9th,  llth  and  13th  dorsal  plates  produced. 

Dorsum  chestnut  colored. 

Antennae  moderate,  composed  of  26  articles  in  both  types. 
Ocelli,  e.g.,  1  -f-  3.  3,  3,  1,  the  single  ocellus  much  enlarged  and 
the  caudal  ocellus  of  top  row  also  considerably  enlarged. 

Prosternal  teeth  as  usual,  2  +  2,  with  extal  spine  setiform. 

Ventral  spines  of  first  legs  0,  0,  2,  2,  1.  Ventral  spines  of 
penult  legs,  0,  1,  3,  3,  2;  dorsal  0,  3,  2,  2;  claws  2.  None  of 
coxae  armed  either  dorsally  or  laterally. 

In  the  male  the  fourth  joint  is  moderately  thickened  and  is 
longitudinally  furrowed  above. 

Claw  of  female  genital  forceps  strictly  entire  as  usual ;  basal 
spines  2  +  2 ;  basal  joint  presenting  a  chitinous  mesal  edge 
which  is  proximally  excavated. 

Length  of  male  holotype,  about  19  mm. ;  of  female  allotype, 
about  15  mm. 

Locality — LOUISIANA  :  5  miles  northwest  of  Shreveport. 
Male  and  female  taken  under  log  April  13,  1936,  by  Leslie 
Hubricht. 

Related  to  G.  monicus  of  California  but  readily  separated  in 
lacking  spines  on  the  posterior  coxae  and  in  having  the  ventral 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  187 

spines  of  the  anal  legs  0,  1,  3,  2,  1  instead  of  0,  1,  3,  3,  1. 
Guambius  hubrichti  new  species. 

Dorsum  light  brown,  with  head  and  antennae  darker. 

Antennae  composed  typically  of  28  articles.  Ocelli,  e.g.,  1 
-f-  3,  2(3),  1,  the  single  ocellus  much  enlarged  and  those  at 
caudal  end  of  series  also  notably  larger  than  the  anterior  ones. 

Prosternal  teeth  and  spines  as  usual. 

Posterior  angles  of  9th,  llth  and  13th  dorsal  plates  produced 
(subgenus  Sibibius). 

Coxal  pores  small,  circular,  in  number,  e.g.,  4,  4,  4,  3  and 
3,  3,  3,  3. 

Ventral  spines  of  first  legs,  0,  0,  1,  3,  1.  Ventral  spines  of 
penult  legs,  0,  1,  3,  3,  2;  dorsal,  0,  0,  3,  2,  1 ;  claws  2.  Ventral 
spines  of  anal  legs,  0,  1,  3,  3,  1  ;  dorsal,  0,  0,  2,  0,  0;  claws  2. 
None  of  coxae  armed. 

Anal  legs  of  male  with  fourth  joint  strongly  inflated,  with 
longitudinal,  laterally  compressed,  elevated  keel  which  is  evenly 
convex  from  end  to  end  with  a  uniform  series  of  setae  along 
the  edge.  Fifth  joint  of  penult  leg  with  a  conspicuous  lobe  at 
distal  end  on  caudo-dorsal  surface  the  upper  face  of  this  lobe 
flat. 

Claw  of  female  gonopods  entire  as  usual,  with  the  basal  spines 
2  +  2. 

Length,  about  12  mm. 

Locality — LOUISIANA:  Natchatoches  Parish,  2  miles  south 
of  Saline.  Two  adult  males  and  a  not  fully  mature  female 
taken  under  logs  April  12,  1936,  by  Lesli.e  Hubricht,  for  whom 
the  species  is  named. 

Related  to  G.  ocdipcs  but  differing  in  having  2  claws  instead 
of  3  on  the  anal  legs  with  dorsal  spines  0,  0,  2,  0,  0  instead  of 
0,  0,  3,  2,  1,  etc.  The  form  of  the  fourth  joint  in  the  anal 
Irgs  of  male  is  also  clearly  distinctive. 

LITHOBIUS  FORFICATUS  (Linne).  Locality — Missouri:  St. 
Louis  County,  Maplewood,  January  12,  1936,  several  specimens 
of  both  sexes. 

NADAHIUS  IOWENSIS  (  Meinert).  Localities — Missouri: 
Kirk  wood,  Osage  Hills,  January  10,  1935,  three  specimens;  St. 
Louis  County,  Creve  Coeur  Lake  Park,  March  8,  1936,  one 
male. 

POKABIUS  BILABIATUS  (Wood).  Locality — Missouri:  St. 
Louis  County,  .5  miles  east  of  Morschels,  March  15,  1936,  sev- 


188  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '42 

eral  specimens. 

NEOLITHOBIUS  AUDACIOR  Chamberlin.  Locality — ARKANSAS  : 
Jackson  County,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Oliphant,  April  10, 
1936,  four  specimens. 

N.  TRANSMARINUS  (L.  Koch).     Localities — Louisiana:  Cad- 
do  Parish,  5  miles  northwest  of   Shreveport,   April    13,   1936, 
two  specimens.     Texas :  Brazos  County,  8  miles  south  of  Col- 
lege Station,  April  21,  1936,  three  specimens. 
Neolithobius  entonus  new  species. 

A  species  related  to  N.  latzcli  and  N.  arkanscnsis  in  general 
structure  and  in  the  spining  of  the  legs  but  differing  from  both 
in  having  the  claw  of  the  female  gonopods  strictly  entire  instead 
of  tripartite  as  well  as  in  its  considerably  larger  size. 

Antennae  moderately  long,  composed  typically  of  about  42 
articles.  Ocelli  1  -f-  6,  6,  7,  6,  6,  6,  the  series  somewhat  oblique, 
the  single  ocellus  large. 

Prosternal  teeth  typically  9  +  9  or  8  +  8. 

Coxal  pores  strongly  transverse,  lying  in  depression  or 
groove;  in  number  usually  about  10  on  each  poriferous  coxa. 

Spining  of  legs  as  in  latzcli. 

Anal  legs  of  male  long  and  slender,  the  fourth  joint  but 
slightly  modified. 

Length,  up  to  35  mm. 

Localities — OKLAHOMA  :  Latimer  County,  2  miles  east  of 
Gowen,  8  specimens  taken  April  26,  1936.  ARKANSAS:  Pulaski 
County,  3  miles  northeast  of  North  Little  Rock,  April  11,  1936, 
four  specimens,  and  Jefferson  County,  %  mile  south  of  Locust 
Cottage,  April  11,  1936,  one  specimen.  All  specimens  collected 
by  Leslie  Hubricht. 

BOTHROPOLYS  MULTiDENTATUs  (Newport).  Locality — Mis- 
souri :  St.  Louis  County,  2  miles  west  of  Wellston,  February 
19,  1935,  two  taken  under  logs. 

SCUTIGERIDA. 

SCUTIGERA  COLEOPTRATA  (Linnc).  Localities — Missouri: 
St.  Louis  County,  Forest  Park,  in  bird  house,  March  14,  1936, 
one  specimen;  Fern  Glen,  March  1,  1936,  one  specimen;  taken 
under  rocks;  St.  Louis,  April  5,  1934,  several  specimens  taken 
in  house  on  Lincoln  Avenue;  Musicks  Ferry,  May  15,  1934, 
several  taken  under  rocks. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  189 

Notes  on  Bees  (Hymen.:  Andrenidae). 

By  J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

TETRALONIA. 

The  lectotypes  of  Melissodes  dilecta  (  $  )  and  of  M.  speciosa 
(  9  )  of  Cresson  have  both  been  examined.  In  neither  are  the 
hind  tibial  spurs  hooked.  They  both  come  from  Colorado. 

Several  specimens  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Entomo- 
logical Society  from  Illinois  with  hooked  hind  tibial  spurs,  $ 
and  $  ,  stand  incorrectly  determined,  the  males  by  Cresson  as 
dilecta  and  one  by  Viereck  as  speciosa,  the  females  by  Cresson 
as  speciosa.  One  $  from  "Col"  and  one  from  "Tex"  both  are 
also  cospecific  with  the  Illinois  specimens. 

The  type  of  f rater  Cr.  (  $  ),  which  name  Robertson  in  1895 
thought  synonymous  with  dilecta,  is  structurally  different  from 
the  type  of  the  latter  species,  as  well  as  from  the  one  which 
Robertson  misidentified  as  dilecta  Cr.  Robertson  in  1905  indi- 
cated his  error  in  this  regard  and  stated  that  the  hind  tibial 
spurs  of  the  type  of  fratcr  are  not  hooked,  but  still  overlooked 
the  fact  that  such  is  also  the  case  in  both  dilecta  and  speciosa. 

Tetralonia  hamata  n.  sp. 

$  . — General  appearance  and  coloration  of  the  type  of  dilecta 
Cresson,  but  the  vestiture  of  the  dorsum  of  the  thorax  less 
dense,  and  the  vestiture  of  the  second  (morphologically  3rd) 
tergite  similar  to  that  of  the  first  but  shorter,  without  the  white 
fascia  of  dilecta.  Hind  tarsal  spurs  very  strongly  hooked.  Last 
sternite  without  a  basal  lateral  fossa  but  with  a  strong  truncate 
peg-like  process  at  the  middle  of  each  lateral  margin,  the  two 
divergent  but  sub-erect.  L.  14  mm. 

$  . — General  appearance  and  color  of  the  type  of  speciosa 
Cresson,  but  the  vestiture  of  the  hind  tibiae  tends  to  be  pakr 
than  that  of  the  metatarsus,  which  is  not  the  case  in  spcciosii. 
Hind  tibial  spurs  hooked,  but  less  strongly  so  than  in  the  males. 
The  pygidial  plate  is  more  broadly  rounded  than  in  specio.^i. 
L.  15  mm. 

Holotypc    $  ,  Allotype    $  ,  6  $    paralyses  and  4  $    paratypcs, 

all  from  ILLINOIS,  but  without  closer  indication  of  locality;  one 

$    paratype   from   "TEX"  and  one    $    paratype   from   "CoL," 

bearing  labels  as  paratypes  of  dilecta.     All  are  in  the  collection 

of  the  American  Entomological  Society. 

Under  the  names  speciosa  and  dilecta  what  is  doubtless  this 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [J^Y'    '42 

species  has  been  recorded  from  Carlinville  and  near  Chicago, 
Illinois,  as  well  as  from  Indiana. 

I  have  seen  the  true  dilccta  from  Colorado,  Texas  and  South 
Dakota,  but  whether  records  from  Kansas  and  New  Mexico 
are  dilccta  or  ha  mat  a  is  uncertain. 

In  comparison  with  huinatu,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  o  of 
dilecta  has  a  lateral  fossa  on  the  basal  half  of  the  last  sternite, 
abruptly  terminated  internally,  and  lacks  the  peg-like  processes 
of  the  lateral  margin. 

Professor  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  ( Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  '06, 
32:94)  stated  that  dilccta  may  be  easily  distinguished  from 
/ 'rater  and  speciosa  by  its  hooked  spurs;  he  informs  me  that 
he  based  this  statement  on  a  paratype  loaned  to  him  at  the 
time  and  which  must  have  been  one  of  the  two  that  I  am  in  re- 
making paratypes  of  lianiata.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  when 
Mr.  Cresson  later  selected  the  lectotype  of  dilccta  he  did  not 
select  the  Texas  specimen,  as  then  the  species  would  stand  as 
defined  by  Professor  Cockerell,  and  as  understood  by  Robert- 
son. But  since  Cockerell,  '06,  cannot  be  construed  as  making 
a  prior  selection  of  a  lectotype  (he  did  not  in  fact  know  that 
two  species  were  involved  in  the  type  series,  nor  even  mention 
in  print  that  he  had  a  type),  Mr.  Cresson  was  at  liberty  to 
make  what  selection  he  saw  fit  and  his  published  designation 
must  be  honored,  if  we  are  to  attach  any  weight  at  all  to  the 
idea  of  lectotype. 

PSEUDOPANURGUS     (P.)     ILLINOIENSIS     (CrCSSOll).       P.    COltl- 

positaruui  Robertson  seems  to  be  a  synonym.  The  type  (  $  ) 
of  illinoicusis  runs  to  compositaruwi  in  Robertson's  key  to  Illi- 
nois species.  I  have  also  compared  with  it  a  9  "metatype"  of 
compositarum  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Entomological 
Society  labelled  by  Viereck. 

CALLIOPSIS  ABDOMINALIS  Cresson.  C.  tricolor  Ckll.  is  at 
best  a  subspecies.  There  are  two  females  in  the  collection  of 
the  American  Entomological  Society  both  from  New  Jersey. 
The  female  differs  from  other  eastern  species  in  having  bolh 
metanotum  and  propodeum  uniformly  densely  granularly  punc- 
tate, the  metanotum  without  hair.  The  male  differs  from  our 
other  species  in  having  the  5th  and  6th  sternites  simple,  instead 
of  the  fifth  with  a  median  process  which  projects  posteriorly 
between  two  processes  of  the  sixth,  these  sometimes  (colora- 
dcnsis)  recurved. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  191 

The  Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and  Montgomery 
Counties,  Virginia  (Lepid. :  Rhopalocera). 

By  CARROLL  E.  WOOD,  JR.,  and  CARL  W.  GOTTSCHALK. 
(Continued  from  page  164.) 

COLIAS  PHILODICE  PHiLODiCE  Godart.  S,  iv  5,  '39;  v  1,  '38; 
xi.  '37.  MF,  vi  15,  '38.  B,  iv  19,  '24;  ix  2,  '98;  ix  9,  '98 
(anthyale). 

C.  PHILODICE  EURYTHEME  Boisduval.  S,  iii  25,  '38  (ari- 
(ttine  9  ,  very  dark)  ;  iii  26,  '38  (anadnc  $  )  ;  iv  28,  '38 
(\vhite9  )  ;  xii  2,  23,  '40.  Roanoke  Co.,  ix  17,  '37.  M,  com- 
mon. 

EUREMA  NICIPPE  (Cramer).     S,  iv  13,  '38;  vii  16,  '39;  xi 

12,  '38;  xi  30,  '40;  xi  '37  (the  first  and  last  three  reddish  be- 
neath).    FL,  vii  1,  '37.     CH,  x  31,  '37.     AB,  vi  5,  '37.     Mt. 
Lake,  Giles  Co.,  vii  8,  '39. 

E.  JUCUNDA  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  S,  '35;  also  with- 
out date.  FL,  vii  30, '39;  viii  4,  '31,  '38;  ix  6,  '38.  AB,  ix  8, 
'39.  Mill  Mt.,  Roanoke  Co.,  viii  28,  '38.  Baptist  Orphanage, 
Roanoke  Co.,  ix  1,  '37. 

E.  LISA  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  S,  viii  6,  ix  30,  x  9,  '38. 
FL,  vii  10,  viii  24,  '38.  KH,  x  31,  '37.  AB,  v  29,  '36. 

Subfamily  Papilioninae. 

PAPILIO  PHILENOR  Linne.  S,  ix  16,  '39;  ix  17,  '37.  KH, 
iv  16,  24. '38.  FL,  vii  21,  viii  3.  '36.  B,  viii  '94. 

P.  POLYXENES  ASTERIAS  Cramer.  S,  viii  11,  '38.  KH,  iv 
11,  '39;  ix  16,  '38;  iv  19,  '36.  FL,  viii  6,  '37;  ix  5,  '38. 

P.  CRESPHOXTES  Cramer.     S,  viii  '38.     M,  v  26,  '98. 

P.  GLAUCUS  Linne.  S,  v  1,  '38  (winter  form).  FL,  vii  13, 
'36;  vii  25,  '37;  viii  8,  '38;  vii  19,  '39.  M,  iv  10,  '99  (black)  ; 
v  26,  '98;  viii  19,  '07. 

P.  TROILUS  Linne.  S,  v  7, '38;  vi  3,  6, '39;  viii  23,  '40.  SC, 
iv  15,  '38;  viii  22,  '39.  FL,  vii  25,  '38. 

P.  MARCELLUS  Cramer.  KH,  iv  15,  '38  (walshi}  ;  v  9,  '38 
(telawonidcs)  ;  vi  5,  '38.  FL,  vi  5,  viii  21,  ix  4,  '38.  MF,  iv 

13,  '38.     B,  iv  7,  '03  (bi-formed  9   wilshi  &  tchniinnides).     M, 
iii   2,    '03.      Camp    Pmvhatan.    Knckbridge   County,   iv    18,    37 
(nalslii)  ;  v  1,  '38. 


192  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

Family  HESPERIIDAE;  Subfamily  Pyrginae. 

PROTEIDES  CLARUS  (Cramer).  S,  iv  28,  '38.  KH,  vi  10, 
'38.  FL,  viii  30,  '38.  M,  vi  2,  '99;  vii  28,  '98. 

ACHALARUS  LYCIADES  (Gever).  FLM,  vi  25,  '36;  vi  9,  '39. 
FL,  viii  27,  '37.  MF,  v  25,  '38.  M,  vi  '96. 

RHABDOIDES  CELLUS  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  SC,  v  3, 
'38;  vi  9,  '39.  Ravine  east  of  Blacksburg  near  Palmer  Hill, 
now  called  Trillium  Yale,  v  26,  vi  6,  26,  '00. 

THORYBES  BATHYLLUS  (  J.  1C.  Smith).  KII,  v  7,  23,  29,  31, 
vi  5, '38.  FL,  vii  21, '36;  viii  16, '38.  M,  v  10,  '98;  viii  '99. 

T.  PYLADES  (Scudder).  S,  v  7,  '38.  FLM,  vi  23,  '38.  KH, 
vi  9,  '39.  AB,  vi  14,  '38.  M,  vi  2,  '99 ;  vi  9,  '39. 

PYRGUS  CENTAUREAE  WYANDOT  (W.  H.  Edwards).  KH, 
iii  28,  iv  11,  '38.  OF,  iv  8,  '39.  M,  iv  16,  28,  '98. 

P.  COMMUNIS  (Grqte).  S,  iv  24.  v  9,  '38;  iv  18,  '39.  RC, 
xi  7,  '40.  FL,  viii  6,  '36;  viii  18,  '37.  M,  ix  5,  '98. 

PHOLISORA  CATULLUS  (Fabricins).  S,  viii  18,  '38.  FL,  vi 
30,  '38;  vii  26,  '38;  vii  31,  '39;  viii  17,  '38.  AB,  v  31,  '37. 
M,  no  date. 

ERYNNIS  ICELUS  (Scudder  and  Burgess).  KH,  iv  11,  12, 
26,  '38;  iv  9,  '39;  v  3,  18,  '38;  v  7,  '40.  FLM,  vi  '38.  M,  vi 
20,  '98. 

E.  BRIZO  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  FLM,  iv  5,  '39;  v  11, 
'37.  OF,  iv  2,  '39.  SC,  iii  26,  iv  3,  '38.  OF,  iv  2,  '39;  iv  5, 
'38.  AB,  iv  23,  '38.  M,  v  14,  16,  '98. 

E.  PERSIUS  (Scudder).  FLM,  iv  23,  '38;  also  '40  (kindly 
determined  by  W.  D.  Field). 

E.  LUCILIUS  (Scudder  &  Burgess).  Fort  Lewis  Mt.,  April 
23,  1938;  Salem,  May  9,  1937  (determined  by  W.  D.  Field). 

E.  BAPTISIAE  Forbes.  S,  v.  FLM,  iv  25,  '40;  viii  20,  '37. 
AB,  v  13,  '38.  M,  viii  1,  '99.  Smyth  Co.,  viii,  '40. 

E.  MARTIALIS  (Scudder).  KH,  iv  11,  28,  '38;  v  6,  '38. 
FLM,  vi  25,  '36.  MC,  viii  7,  '40.  B,  v. 

E.  JUVENALIS  (Fabricius).  FL,  viii  6,  '36;  viii  18,  '38.  OF, 
iv  19,  22,  '38;  iv  2,  8,  '39;  iv  25,  '40;  v  5,  '40.  M,  iv  17,  v  9, 
'98. 

E.  HORATIUS  (Scudder  and  Burgess).  KH,  vi  7,  '40;  vi 
15,  '38, 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  193 

E.  ZARUCCO  (Lucas).     PH,  viii  8,  '38. 

Subfamily  Hesperiinae. 

ANCYLOXYPHA  NUMITOR  (Fabricius).  S,  v  17,  '38;  vi  30, 
'37;  vii  18,  '38.  FL,  viii  27,  '38.  MF,  vi  1,  '40.  M,  vi  2,  '99. 

HESPERIA  METEA  (Scudder).  OF,  iv  5,  12,  15,  23,  '38;  iv 
25,  '40;  v  i.  '38.  AB,  v  2,  '37. 

H.  LEONARDUS  Harris.     PH,  viii  15,  '00;  viii  22,  '98. 

H.  SASSACUS  Harris.    KH,  v  6,  '38.     M,  vi  2,  '99;  vi  6,  '00. 

HYLEPHILA  PHYLAEUS  (Drury).  S,  viii  22,  xi  2,  '38.  FL, 
vii  26,  '38;  viii  11,  25,  "38;  viii  16,  '37;  ix  5,  '38.  M,  no  date. 

ATALOPEDES  CAMPESTRIS  (Boisduval).  S,  v  5,  10,  ix  12, 
'38;  xi  7,  '40.  FL,  v  22,  27,  31,  '37.  M,  v  16,  '00;  ix  4,  '98. 

POLITES  VERXA  ( W.  H.  Edwards).  M,  vi  20,  '99. 

P.  MYSTIC  (Scudder).  AB,  vi  1,  '37.  Preston  graveyard, 
P.lacksburg,  vi  2,  3,  '99. 

P.  MAXATAAQUA  (Harris).  S,  v  21,  27,  '38;  vi  6,  '39;  viii 
'38.  ELM,  v  31,  '38;  vi  5,  25,  '38.  FL,  viii  30,  '39;  viii  9, 
MS.  M,  vi  2,  '99;  viii  8,  '98. 

P.  THEM.ISTOCLES  (Latreille).  S,  v  23,  27,  29,  '38.  KH,  v 
28,  '38.  FL,  v  16,  vi  7,  '38;  vii  28,  '39;  viii  9,  '38;  viii  2,  9, 
'39.  AB,  vi  5,  '37.  SC,  v  7.  '38.  M,  v  16, '00;  vi  2, '99. 

P.  FECKirs  (Kirl)y).  S.  v  27,  '38.  KH.  v  21,  '38.  FL,  vii 
25,  '39;  viii  12,  '38;  viii  17,  '39;  vii  28,  '40.  MF,  vi  13,  '38. 
M.  vi.  vii  20,  '99. 

P.  KRETTTS  (  Boisduvnl  and  Leconte).  M.  no  date  (2  males). 

I 'DANES  HOBOMOK  (Harris).  KH,  iv  3,  '39;  iv  28,  '38;  v  6, 
9,  10,  '38.  FLM,  v  7.  vi  5,  '38.  M,  v  25,  vi  2,  3,  '99. 

P.  ZAIU'LON  (Boisduval  and  LeConte).  S,  iv  25,  '38.  KH, 
iv  27,  v  3.  12.  '38.  FL,  iv  28,  vii  28,  '38;  vii  31,  viii  5,  8,  '37; 
viii  25,  ix  1.  '39.  AB,  v  20.  '37.  M,  v  12.  '00;  vi  2.  '99. 

ATRYTOXE  AROGOS   (Boisduval  and  LeConte).     B,  no  date. 

A.  LOGAX  (\V.  H.  Edwards).  S,  vii  22,  '26.  FL,  vii  2,  '39. 
M,  viii  8,  '98. 

A.  RURICOLA  (Boisdnval).  S.  v  23,  '38.  FL,  vii  4,  9,  17, 
'38;  viii  28, '40.  MF,  v  21,  vi  3, '38.  M,  vi  29,  viii  3,  '00. 

\VALLENGRENIA  OTI-IO  EGEREMET  (Scudder).  FL,  vii  27, 
viii  23,  '37.  M,  vi  20,  '99;  viii  8,  '98. 

ATRYTONOPSIS  HIANNA  (Scudder).     KH,  v  6,  13,  17,  vi  6, 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July>    '42 

'3S;vi3,  '40.    FLM,  v  7,  '38. 

LEREMA  ACCIUS  (J.  E.  Smith).  S,  ix  13,  '37.  KH,  v  12, 
'38.  FL,  vii  25,  viii  31, '37.  M,  vii  25, '06;  x  2, '98. 

AMBLYSCIRTES  VIALIS  (W.  H.  Edwards).  S,  iv  23,  '39. 
KH,  iv  11,  13,  19,  v  12,  vii  27,  '38.  FLM,  iv  23,  '38.  M,  v 
12,  vii  6,  '00. 

A.  HEGON   (Scucklcr).     S,  iv  24,  '38;  v  2,  '37.     AB,  iv  23, 
'38;  Dixie  Caverns,  v  5,  '40.     M,  vi  2,  '99. 
'38;  viii  20, '37.    FLM,  vi  5, '38.    M,  vi  2, '99. 

LERODEA  L'HERMINIER  (Latreille).  MF,  v  12,  17,  21,  31,  '38; 
viii  20,  '37.  FLM,  vi  5,  '38.  M,  vi  2,  '99. 

L.  EUFALA  (W.  H.  Edwards).     FL,  vii  23,  '39;  ix  6,  '37. 

PANOQUINA  OCULA  (W.  H.  Edwards).  FL,  viii  5,  12,  18, 
'38;  viii  21,  '36. 

OTHER  POSSIBLE  OCCURRENCES. 

While  we  feel  that  the  above  list  represents  most  of  the 
species  occurring  in  the  area  under  consideration,  it  is  likely 
that  several  additional  species  may  occur  as  casuals,  as  occa- 
sional temporary  residents,  or  as  local  residents  which  have 
escaped  observation.  In  addition  to  those  species  listed  below 
(most  of  which  have  been  taken  in  adjacent  counties),  several 
other  forms  may  possibly  turn  up  in  the  area. 

ENODIA  PORTLANDIA  ANTHEDON  :  Known  from  Giles  County, 
adjoining  Montgomery  County  on  the  north,  and  from  Bedford 
County5,  to  the  east  of  Roanoke  County. 

ARGYNNIS  MYRINA:  Has  been  taken  at  Kelly  Flats,  Giles 
County,  by  Dr.  Clark  and  at  Little  Meadows  in  the  same  county 
by  the  authors. 

PHYCIODES  BATESI  :  Taken  by  Dr.  A.  H.  Clark  in  southern 
Scott  County,  by  Lloyd  G.  Carr  and  the  junior  author  at  Mt. 
Lake,  Giles  County  (July  1,  1940  and  July  17,  1941,  respec- 
tively), and  by  the  senior  author  on  Apple  Orchard  Mountain0 
in  Bedford  County.  These  records  represent  the  known  occur- 
rence of  this  butterfly  in  Virginia. 

5  Clark,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  47:  177-180. 
8  Clark,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  51  :  177-182. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  195 

EROKA  LA  ETA  :  A  single  specimen  was  taken  by  Dr.  L. 
J.  Milne,  Randolph-Macon  College,  at  Alt.  Lake,  Giles  County, 
on  June  23,  1938,  as  recorded  by  Dr.  Clark7.  This  southwest- 
ern species  might  just  as  well  turn  up  in  our  area  as  anywhere 
else. 

STRYMON  EDWARDS:  :  An  inhabitant  of  oak  woods  which 
might  well  occur  in  either  county. 

ATRYTOXE  CONSPICUA:  An  extremely  local  species  which 
niav  inhabit  grassy  bogs  in  the  area.  Its  discovery  by  Lloyd 
Carr  in  July,  1940,  at  Little  Meadows,  Giles  County,  comprises 
a  new  southern  record,8  the  species  being  previously  unknown 
from  Virginia. 

We  wish  to  express  here  our  appreciation  to  the  friends 
who  made  this  paper  possible.  Dr.  Austin  H.  Clark,  of  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  whose  work  on  Virginia  butterflies 
is  well  known,  has  given  us  much  encouragement  and  informa- 
tion and  has  always  been  our  constant  counsellor.  He  has  also 
Urn  so  very  kind  as  to  help  get  our  records  in  order  and  has 
offered  valuable  material  and  suggestions  as  to  the  content  of 
this  paper. 

Our  kind  friend,  the  late  Dr.  Ellison  A.  Smyth,  Jr.,  always 
gave  us  free  access  to  his  large  collections,  records  and  library 
and  always  took  a  real  interest  in  our  work.  As  pointed  out 
previously,  the  Montgomery  County  records  are  almost  ex- 
clusive1}- the  result  of  his  collecting  over  a  period  of  years. 
flis  passing  was  keenly  felt. 

(  >ur  thanks  also  go  to  Walter  Van  Gelder  and  Lloyd  G. 
( 'rirr,  who  have  provided  several  interesting  records  and  to  Mr. 
\V.  I>.  Field,  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  who  has  identified 
a  number  of  specimens  of  Eryuuis  for  us. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

From  time  to  time  scattered  notes  have  appeared  on  a  few 
species  from  Montgomery  and  Roanoke  Counties.  These 
notc-s  are  included  in  the  following  papers. 

CLARK,  AUSTIN  H.,  Butterflies  of  Virginia.  Explorations 
and  Field-Work  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1939,  1940, 
])]>.  63-66. 

" 7  Clark,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  52:  177-184. 
8  Clark,  Expl.  &  Field  Work  Smithsonian  Inst.,  1940,  p.  60. 


196  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [J^ty*    '42 


CLARK,  AUSTIN  H.,  and  LETLA  F.  CLARK,  Butterflies  from 
Virginia  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  Proceedings  of  the 
Biological  Society  of  Washington,  vol.  51,  pp.  1-6,  February 
IS,  1938. 

In.,  Notes  on  Virginia  Butterflies,  Proceedings  of  the  Bio- 
logical Society  of  Washington,  vol.  51,  pp.  177-182,  Novem- 
ber 3,  1938. 

In.,  Butterflies  from  Virginia.  Proceedings  of  the  Biologi- 
cal Society  of  Washington,  vol.  52,  pp.  177-184,  December 
15,  1939.  ' 

CLARK,  AUSTIN  H.,  and  CARROLL  M.  WILLIAMS,  Records 
of  Argynnis  cliana  and  of  some  other  butterflies  from  Virginia. 
Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences,  vol.  27,  No. 
5,  May  15,  1937,  pp.  209-213. 

SMYTH,  ELLISON  A.,  JR.,  Some  entomological  notes  from 
Montgomery  County,  Virginia.  Entomological  News,  vol.  6, 
No.  8,  October,  1895,  pp.  243-245. 

In.,  Calephelis  borealis.  Psyche,  vol.  7,  No.  243,  July,  1896, 
p.  403. 

In.,  Anthocharis  genutia.  Entomological  News,  vol.  11,  No. 
5,  May,  1900,  pp.  465-468. 

In.,  Note  on  Thecla  clamon  (=  Mitoura  gryneus).  Ento- 
mological News,  vol.  18,  No.  8,  October,  1907,  p.  364. 

In.,  Two  freaks  —  Papilio  ajax  and  Eudamus  tityrus.  Ento- 
mological News,  vol.  19,  No.  5,  May,  1908,  pp.  191-192,  pi.  10. 

In.,  Color  phases  in  Argynnis  diana.  Entomological  News, 
vol'.  27,  No.  3,  March,  1916,  pp.  136-137. 

Woon,  \VILLIAM  C.,  Argynnis  diana.  Entomological  News, 
vol.  27,  No.  1,  January,  1916,  p.  35. 

In  addition  to  these  notes  relating  to  butterflies  from  Roanoke 
and  Montgomery  Counties,  the  following  papers  have  been 
referred  to. 

CLARK,  AUSTIN  H.,  and  LEILA  F.  CLARK,  Preliminary  list 
of  the  butterflies  of  Virginia.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological 
Society  of  Washington,  vol.  50,  pp.  87-92,  June  22,  1937. 

CLARK,   AUSTIN   H.,   Surveying  the  butterflies  of  Virginia. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  197 

Scientific  Monthly,  vol.  45,  pp.  256-265,  September,  1937. 

ID.,  The  butterflies  of  Virginia.  Explorations  and  field-work 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1938,  1939,  pp.  65-68. 

In.,  The  Butterflies  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Vicinity. 
Smithsonian  Institution  Bulletin  157,  1932. 

ID.,  Observations  on  the  butterflies  of  Apple  Orchard  Moun- 
tain, Bedford  County,  Virginia.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological 
Society  of  Washington,  vol.  47,  pp.  177-180. 

ID.,  Butterflies  of  Virginia.  Explorations  and  Field-Work 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1940,  pp.  57-60. 

SMYTH,  ELLISON  A.,  IV,  The  Raven,  vol.  9,  No.  7,  pp.  56- 
58,  July,  1938. 


The  Describers  of  Insect  Species. 

I  am  very  desirous  of  obtaining  from  all  entomologists  who 
have  described  one  or  more  new  species  of  insects  a  statement 
of  the  total  number  described  by  each  one  to  this  date.  Where 
more  than  a  single  order  of  insects  is  involved,  an  indication  of 
the  total  for  each  order  would  be  appreciated.  If  there  are 
known  synonyms  among  such  species,  the  number  of  valid  spe- 
cies or  subspecies  should  be  given.  It  is  hoped  that  the  response- 
to  this  appeal  will  be  such  that  a  summary  of  the  subject  may 
be  presented  in  the  not  distant  future.  A  most  favorable  re- 
sponse from  entomologists  has  been  received  and  further  co- 
operation will  be  greatly  appreciated.  In  the  cases  of  deceased 
entomologists,  where  figures  of  described  species  have  already 
been  published,  many  such  data  are  available  to  me,  but  further 
references,  especially  in  obscure  journals,  would  be  much  appre- 
ciated. I  wish  at  this  time  to  express  my  very  deep  thanks  to 
the  many  entomologists  who  have  so  kindly  cooperated  in  thi- 
attempt  to  determine  more  accurately  the  total  number  of  de- 
scribed insect  species.  Address  all  communications  to 

DR.  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Fernald  Hall,  Massachusetts 
State  College,  Amherst,  Massachusetts,  U.S.A. 


198  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [July,    '42 

A  Brachypterous  Reduvius  from  Lower  California 
(Heteroptera:  Reduviidae). 

By  ROBERT  L.  USINGER,  University  of  California, 
Davis,  California. 

The  genus  Reduvius  Fabr.  (  =  0psicoetus  Klug)  is  distri- 
buted throughout  much  of  the  old  world  with  the  greatest  con- 
centration of  species  in  the  Palearctic,  Ethiopian,  and  Oriental 
Realms.  Only  the  nearly  cosmopolitan  Reduvius  personatus 
Linn,  had  been  reported  from  the  Western  Hemisphere  until 
Van  Duzee  (1906)  described  scnilis  from  the  Baboquivari 
Mountains  of  Arizona.  I  later  (1933)  recorded  scnilis  from 
California  and  can  now  report  an  additional  specimen  from 
Patagonia,  Arizona,  July  1936,  E.  S.  Ross  collector. 

Three  brachypterous  specimens  of  a  second  native  American 
species  were  discovered  in  the  collection  of  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences.  Although  collected  by  Van  Duzee  and 
Chamberlin  on  the  Academy  expedition  to  the  Gulf  of  Califor- 
nia, these  specimens  were  not  mentioned  in  the  report  on  the 
Hemiptera  of  that  expedition  (Van  Duzee,  1923). 
Reduvius  sonoraensis  new  species. 

Relatively  small,  light  brown  to  testaceous,  with  reduced 
pronotum,  short  hemelytral  pads  exposing  the  entire  dorsal 
surface  of  the  abdomen,  the  body  densely  clothed  with  long 
erect  or  curved  hairs. 

$  .  Head  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad  including  eyes, 
3S::20;  strongly  produced  and  moderately  deflected  in  front  of 
eyes ;  antennae  inserted  dorso-laterally  immediately  in  front 
of  eyes ;  an  elongate,  bilobed  elevation  between  bases  of  anten- 
nae; eyes  half  as  wide  as  interocular  space  and  about  half  again 
as  long  as  wide  seen  from  above ;  eyes  much  wider  laterally  but 
not  extending  far  beneath  the  head,  the  ventral  interocular  space 
much  wider  than  an  eye.  Ocelli  small  but  distinct.  Antennae 
relatively  short,  the  first  segment  as  long  as  width  (if  head 
across  eyes,  second  segment  slightly  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  first,  42::20,  last  two  segments  very  slender  and  curved. 
Rostrum  stout  and  curved,  the  first  segment  about  three-fourths 
as  long  as  second. 

Pronotum  scarcely  broader  across  hnmeri  than  long,  37::35. 
the  anterior  margins  strongly  depressed,  collar-like,  with  feebly 
produced,  rounded  antero-lateral  angles ;  anterior  lobe  strongly 
convex,  with  a  median  longitudinal  impression  ;  posterior  lobe 
reduced,  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  anterior  lobe,  one-third 
broader,  the  disk  less  strongly  convex,  feebly  transversely 
wrinkled  anteriorly  between  longitudinal  connecting  carinae ; 
postero-lateral  angles  broadly  rounded.  Scutellum  about  as 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  199 

broad  as  long,  subtriangular,  its  apex  produced  into  a  cylindri- 
cal spine,  the  disk  depressed  at  middle.  Hemelytra  reduced  to 
short  strap-like  or  subtriangular  pads  which  just  attain  hind 
margin  of  metathorax. 

Abdomen  entirely  exposed  above,  the  first  segment  elevated 
with  its  posterior  margin  carinate  and  with  lateral  spiracles 
distinct.  Second  segment  longitudinally  carinate  on  either  side 
of  middle.  Third,  fourth,  and  fifth  segments  each  with  an 
obscure  scent  gland  opening  at  middle  of  posterior  margin. 
Under  surface  of  abdomen  distinctly  keeled  or  carinate,  the 
genital  capsule  convex,  with  briefly  truncate  apex.  Claspers 
briefly  exposed. 

Legs  moderately  short  and  stout,  the  front  and  middle  tibiae 
feebly  bent  inward  at  apices  and  bearing  small  but  distinct 
spongy  fossae. 

Color  pale  fulvous  becoming  brown  laterally  and  vent  rally 
on  thorax  and  abdomen.  Eyes  dark  brown.  Ocelli  red.  Pos- 
terior lobe  of  pronotum,  hemelytral  pads,  connexivum,  and 
legs  in  part  pale  testaceous. 

$  .  Similar  to  the  male  but  with  the  second  antennal  segment 
relatively  shorter,  scarcely  more  than  half  again  as  long  as  first, 
33 :  :20,  and  with  the  brown  color  more  extensive  both  above 
and  beneath.  Female  genital  plates  broadly  exposed  and  sub- 
triangular  above,  very  briefly  exposed  beneath. 

Size:  male,  length  9  mm.,  female,   10  mm. 

Holotype,  male,  and  allotype,  female,  Nos.  5276  and  5277, 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ent.,  collected  by  J.  C.  Chamberhn  on  ISI.A 
RAZA,  Gulf  of  California,  April  21,  1921.  A  single  female 
paratype  bears  the  data:  ANGELES  BAY,  Gulf  of  California, 
May  5,  1921,  E.  P.  Van  Duzee  collector. 

Sonoraensis  is  related  to  Rcduvius  scnilis  Van  Duzee.  How- 
ever, sciiilis  is  somewhat  larger,  has  a  shorter  and  sparser  vesti- 
ture,  and  has  the  first  antennal  segment  distinctly  longer  than 
width  of  eyes,  29::25,  the  second  segment  less  than  twice1  as 
long  as  the  first  in  the  male,  the  first  and  second  rostral  seg- 
ments subequal  in  length,  and  the  eyes  much  larger,  the  ventral 
interocular  space  being  much  less  than  the  width  of  an  c\  e. 
Only  macropterous  specimens  of  scnilis  are  known  so  a  com- 
parison of  thoracic  and  hemelytral  characters  has  not  been 
possible. 

REFERENCES. 

USINGER,  R.  L.  1933.  New  distributional  and  host  plant 
records  of  Heteroptera  for  California.  I.  Pan-Pac.  Ent., 
9:171-172. 

VAN  DUZEE,  E.  P.     1906.     New  North  American  Heterop- 


200  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [July,    '42 

tera.  Ent.  News,  17:384-391.  1923.  Expedition  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences  to  the  Gulf  of  California  in  1921. 
XI.  The  Hemiptera.  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  (4)  12:123-200. 

The  American  Commission  on  Scientific  Nomenclature 

in  Entomology. 

The  disturbed  condition  of  the  world  during  the  last  few 
years  has  interfered  with  the  activities  of  the  International  Com- 
mission on  Zoological  Nomenclature  and  there  is  no  prospect 
that  this  Commission  will  again  function  successfully  for  .several 
years  to  come.  Entomologists  in  the  United  States  have  felt 
that  this  situation  should  not  be  allowed  entirely  to  stifle  pro- 
gress in  the  development  of  nomenclature  and  the  clarification 
of  nomenclatorial  problems.  At  the  meetings  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  America  and  the  American  Association  of 
Economic  Entomologists  in  San  Francisco,  in  December,  1941, 
a  plan  was  adopted  which  called  for  the  establishment  of  an 
American  Commission  on  Scientific  Nomenclature  in  Entomo- 
logy. 

In  accord  with  the  terms  of  this  plan,  Mr.  C.  F.  W.  Muese- 
beck  and  Professor  G.  F.  Ferris  were  appointed  to  organize  the 
Commission.  That  organization  has  now  been  completed  and 
the  Commission  is  ready  to  function.  It  includes  Prof.  J.  C. 
Bradley,  of  Cornell  University;  Mr.  W.  J.  Brown  and  Mr.  G. 
Stuart  Walley,  of  the  Division  of  Entomology  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  of  Canada;  Prof.  G.  F.  Ferris,  of  Stanford 
University;  Prof.  T.  H.  Hubbell,  of  the  University  of  Florida; 
Prof.  H.  B.  Hungerford,  of  the  University  of  Kansas ;  Dr.  E. 
G.  Linsley,  of  the  University  of  California;  Prof.  Clarence  E. 
Mickel,  of  the  University  of  Minnesota;  Mr.  C.  F.  W.  Muese- 
beck  and  Mr.  P.  W.  Oman,  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine;  Dr.  A.  G.  Richards,  Jr., 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  Dr.  Herbert  H.  Ross,  of 
the  State  Natural  History  Survey  of  Illinois ;  Prof.  C.  W. 
Sabrosky,  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  of  Michigan ;  Dr. 
R.  L.  Usinger,  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  California. 
Prof.  G.  F.  Ferris  has  been  elected  as  Chairman. 

The  Commission  will  receive,  consider  and  advise  upon 
such  nomenclatorial  problems  as  are  presented  to  it.  All  acts 
of  the  Commission  will  lie  in  harmony  with  the  International 
Rules  of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  although  recommendations 
for  the  clarification,  extension  and  improvement  of  these  rules 
may  be  made.  The  Commission  will  report  to  the  two  parent 
societies  at  their  next  annual  meeting.  Communications  con- 
cerning matters  within  the  province  of  the  Commission  may  be 
addressed  to  any  of  its  members. 


IHi,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  201 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contribut ions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  w.Il  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  riot  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  19  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  10c.  The  number  of.  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers    published    in    the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 


NEW  ADDITIONS  TO  LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS: 

124.  Bulletin  Societe  Fouad  ler  Entomologie.     Cairo,   Egypt. 

125.  Papcis  Avulsos,  Dept.  Zool.  Secret.  Agric.     S.  Paulo,  Brazil. 

126.  Arquivos  de  Higiene  e  Saude  Publica.     Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 


GENERAL. — Anon. — Entomology     [Ann.    Kept.    Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  73:  12-13.     Bacon,' A.  F.  L. — Note  on  the 
origin  of  "sugaring."    [9]   75  :  76.     Carothers,  J.  C. — Some 
speculations  on  the  colorations  of  animals.  [Jour.  E.  Africa 
and  Uganda  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  16  (2-3)  :  109-1 18.    Chamberlin 
&  Madden — Insect  pests  of  cigar  type1  tobaccos  in  the  south- 
ern districts.   [  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.]   Circ.  639.     Cole,  A.  C. 
Collecting  and   preserving   immature   insects,    f  four.   Tcnn. 
Acad.  Sci.J  17  (2)  :  166-172.    Cook,  C.  W.— Insects  and  wea- 
ther as  they  influence  growth  of  cactus  on  the  central  Great 
Plains.   [84]   23:  209-214.     Donisthorpe,  H.— Generic  sy    o 
nyms,  sub-generic  names  and  the  use  of  brackets.    [8|    78: 
94-95.     Ferris,  G.  F. — Some  observations  on  the  head  of  in- 
sects.  fl!7|   7  (2):  25-62,  ill.     Fosberg,  F.  R—  Subspc-c -i.- 
and  variety.  [Rhodora]  44:  153-157.    Frost,  W.  E.—R fiver] 
I.ifley  Survey   TV.  The   fauna  of  the   submerged  "nr^se^1 
in     an     acid    and     an     alkaline     water.     [  1'roc.     Roy.     Iri^li 
Acad.]  47  B  (13):  293-369.  ill.     Glaser,  McCoy  &  Girth.- 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  u,    '42 


The  biology  and  culture  of  Neoaplectana  chresima,  a  new 
ncniatode  parasitic  in  insects.  [J.  Parasit.  |  28:  123-126. 
Hanna,  A.  D.  —  See  under  Diptera.  Hudson,  G.  V.— 
Economic  versus  "Amateur"  entomologists  and  a  sugges- 
tion. [21]  54:  42-43.  Jones,  Thomas  H—  Obituary 
by  G.  B.  Merrill.  [39]  25:  13-14.  Kartman,  L.—  A  note  on 
vitamins  in  relation  to  ectoparasite  resistance.  [J.  Parasit  ] 
28:  170-171.  Little  &  Martin.  —  Cotton  insects  of  the  United 
States.  Minnesota.  1941.  130  pp.  Moojen,  Candido  de  Car- 
valho  et  de  Souza  Lopes  —  Observacoes  sobre  o  conteudo 
gastrico  das  aves  brnsileiras.  [Ill]  36  :  405-444.  Moreau,  R. 
E.  —  The  nesting  of  African  birds  in  association  with  other 
living  animals.  [The  Ibis]  Ser.  14,  vol.  6:  240-263.  Mum- 
ford,  E.  P.  —  The  study  of  faunal  distribution  with  particular 
reference  to  oceanic  islands.  [Amer.  Philo.  Soc.  Yr.  Book] 
1941:  136-138.  Pearse,  Humm  &  Wharton.—  Ecology  of 
sand  beaches  at  Beaufort,  N.  C.  [Ecological  Monogr.]  12: 
135-190,  ill.  Travassos  Filho,  L.  —  Notas  de  uma  expediqao 
realizado  de  fevereiro  a  marqo  de  1940,  as  localidades  de 
Ilha  Seca,  no  estado  de  Sao  Paulo,  e  Salobra,  no  estado  de 
Mato  Grosso.  [125]  1:  57-64.  1941.  Warren,  B.  C.  S.—  A 
note  on  the  desirability  of  precision  in  the  use  of  the  inter- 
national rules.  [9]  75  :  90-91.  Watson,  J.  R.—  Effects  of  cold 
weather  upon  insects  in  their  wild  habitata.  [39]  25:  14-15. 
Weatherby,  C.  A.—  Subspecies.  [Rhodora]  44:  157-167. 
Weyrauch,  W.  —  Nidos  de  insectos  peruanos  en  el  Mus.  Hist. 
Nat.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Javier  Prado]  6:  52-66,  ill. 
Wilkes,  A.  —  The  influence  of  selection  on  the  preferendum 
of  a  chalcid  (  Microplectron  fuscipennis)  and  its  significance 
in  the  biological  control  of  an  insect  pest.  [Proc.  R.  Soc. 
London]  (B)  130:  400-514.  Wilmott,  A.  J.—  The  nature  of 
the  genotype.  [9]  75:  113-116.  Zimmerman,  E.  C.  —  Distri- 
bution and  origin  of  some  eastern  oceanic  insects.  [90]  76: 
280-307. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.—  Anon.—  Control 
de  los  machos  de  lepidopteros  perjudiciales.  [121]  2:  365. 
Blanc,  Braun,  Gardner,  Goldschmidt  &  Villee  —  Seven  pa- 
pers in  genetics  and  physiological  genetics  of  Dro- 
sophila  melanogaster.  [Univ.  Cal.  Pub.  Zool.]  49: 
1-184,  ill.  Cook,  S.  F.  and  R.  E.  Smith.—  Meta- 
bolic relations  in  the  termite-protozoa  symbiosis:  Temper  i 
lure  effects.  |Jmir.  Cell,  and  Comp.  IMiysiul.)  1():  211-220. 
Deane,  C.  —  Can  insects  see  by  ultra-violet  light?  [Viet. 
Nat.]  58:  189-192,  ill.  Ferris,  G.  F.—  Some  observations  on 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  203 

the  heads  of  insects.  [117]  7:  25-62,  ill.  Hafez,  M.— A  study 
of  the  biology  of  the  Egyptian  common  housefly:  Musca 
vicina  Macq.  [124)  25:  163-189,  ill.  (See  also  under  Dip- 
tera.)  Harnly,  M.  H. — Wing  form  and  gene  function  in 
nine  genotypes  of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [92]  82:  215- 
232.  Holdsworth,  R.  P. — The  wing  development  of  Pteron- 
arcys  proteus  Newman.  [J.  Morph.)  70:  431-461,  ill. 
Hughes-Schrader,  S. — The  chromosomes  of  Nautococcus 
schraderae  Vays,  and  the  meiotic  division  figure  of  male 
llaveiine  coccids.  [J.  Morph.  |  70:  261-299.  Johnson,  C.  G.~ 
Insect  survival  in  relation  to  the  rate  of  water  loss.  |  Biol. 
Rev.,  Cambridge  Physiol.  Soc.]  17:  151-177.  Mansour,  K.- 
See  under  Coleoptera.  Miller,  E.  R. — The  skeletal  muscles 
of  the  soldier  beetle  (Chauliognathus  marginatus  (Ab- 
stract). [Proc.  Louisiana  Ac.  Sci.]  6:  74-75.  Mohamed 
Taher  El  Sayed. — See  under  Coleoptera.  Patch,  L.  H.— 
Height  of  corn  as  a  factor  in  egg  laying  by  the  European 
corn  borer  in  the  one-generation  area.  [47]  64:  503-515. 
Philip,  U.— Meiosis  in  Drosophila.  [31]  149:  527-528.  Pop- 
ban,  E.  J. — The  influence  of  light  in  the  migration  of  Corixi- 
dae.  [9]  75:  77-80.  Priesner,  H.— A  brief  note  on  the  rela- 
tion between  the  phvsiological  condition  of  plants  and  insect 
attack.  [124]  22:  279-283.  1939.  Schremmer,  F.— Sinesphy- 
siologie  und  Blumenbesuch  des  Falters  von  Plusia  gamma. 
[89,  Syst.]  74:  375-434,  ill.  Soliman,  H.  S.— See  under  Hy- 
menoptera.  Watson,  J.  R. — Sarcophaga  bullata  as  a  cause 
of  intestinal  myiasis.  [39]  25 :  5-6.  Y eager  &  Munson— 
Changes  induced  in  the  blood  cells  of  the  southern  army- 
worm  by  the  administration  of  poisons.  [47]  64:  307-332,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Araujo  Feio,  J. 
L.  de — Sobre  um  curiosa  Pseudoscorpiao.  [125]  1  :  241-244, 
ill.  (S*).  Beltran,  E. — Opnlinidos  parasites  en  anfibi'>s 
mexicanos.  [Rev.  Soc.  Mexicana  Hist.  Nat.]  2:  127-136,  ill. 
(*).  Bolivar  y  Pieltain,  C. — Estudio  de  un  ricinulideo  de 
la  caverna  de  Cacahuamilpa,  Guer.,  Mex.  [Rev.  Soc.  Mex. 
Hist.  Nat.]  2:  197-210,  ill.  (*).  Brues,  C.  T.— Occurrence  of 
Porocephalus  crotali  in  Florida.  [43|  42  (3):  112.  Bucherl, 
W. — Ouilopodos  novos  da  coleqao  miriapodologica  do 
Mtiseu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janeiro.  [73]  15:  119-158,  ill. 
(Sk).  Estudos  morfo-anatomicos  sobre  Geofilomorfos  neo- 
tropicos.  [73]  15:  159-250,  ill.  (*).  Catalogo  dos  Quil«. 
dos  da  xc.na  neotropica.  |  73  ]  15:  251-372.  (*).  Carl,  J.--La 
differenciation  sexuelle  des  Glomeridesmidae.  Une  misr  nu 
point.  [Comptc  Rendu.  Soc.  Physique  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve  |  5S 


204  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '42 

(3)  :  250-254.  Contribution  a  la  connaissance  des  Limaco- 
morpha.  Essai  cle  morphologic  compar.  [Rev.  Suisse  Zool.] 
49:  133-167,  ill.  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— On  ten  new  centipeds 
from  Mexico  and  Venezuela.  [Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington] 
55:  17-24.  (k).  da  Fonseca,  F. — Novas  especies  brasileiras  do 
genero  Liponissus  Kolenati  (Acari.  Liponissidae).  [73]  15: 
103-118,  ill  Goodnight,  C.  J.  &  M.  L.— New  and  little 
known  Phalangida  from  Mexico.  [40]  No.  1163:  16  pp..  ill. 
New  American  Phalangida.  [40]  No.  1164:  4  pp.,  ill.  Lai, 
M.  B. — The  egg-capsule  of  the  millipede  Thyroglutus  ma- 
la yus  Attems  (Syn.  Thyropygus  malayus  Carl).  [Proc.  In- 
dian Acad.  Sci.]  15,  B  (V)  :  58-60,  ill.  Mello-Leitao,  C.  de- 
Quatro  novos  generos  de  Laniatores  do  Brasil.  [125]  1  :  39- 
42.  Um  pedipal])o  e  clois  escorpioes  da  Colombia.  [125]  1: 
51-56.  (*).  Murrill,  W.  A. — Spiders  of  Alachna  County, 
Florida.  [39]  25:  7-9.  Schulze,  P. — Neues  iiber  brasilian- 
ische  Amblyommen.  [34]  134:  93-104.  ill.  (*).  Scares,  B.  M. 
—Algumas  aranhas  novas  do  Brasil.  [125]  1:  255-270,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Banks,  N. 

-New  neuropteroid  insects  from  The  Anti'les.  [Mem.  Soc. 
Cubana  Hist.  Nat.]  15:  385-402,  ill.  Ewing,  H.  E.— T!T> 
origin  and  classification  of  the  Apterygota.  [10|  44:  75-98. 
(k).  Good,  N.  E. — Key  to  the  males  of  the  genus  Atyphlo- 
ceras  with  a  description  of  the  male  of  Atyphlocer.v. 
echis.  [551  IS:  87-89.  ill.  von  Hagen,  V.  W".— Natural 
History  of  termites.  [Scientific  Monthly]  June,  1942:  489- 
498.  Hood,  T-  D. — A  Century  of  new  American  Thysanop- 
tera.  [105]  12  (3)  :  547-678.  ill.  Haub,  J.  G.— The  pit-build- 
ing activities  of  Ohio  ant-lions.  [43]  42"  (3)  :  113-116.  Jelli- 
son  &  Good — Index  to  the  literature  of  Siphonaptera  of  N. 
A.  [National  Inst.  Health  Bull.]  No.  178,  193  pp.  Mu'len, 
T.  A.— A  case  of  "wine-fed"  termites.  [68]  95:  529-530. 
Needham,  J.  G. — Two  n.  sps.  of  dragonflies  collected  by 
Alice  L.  Dietrich  in  Mississippi.  [4]  74:  71-75,  ill.  Walker, 
E.  M. — The  female  of  Leucorrhinia  patricia  with  further 
notes  on  the  male.  [4]  74:  74-75,  ill.  Wilson,  F.  H.— The 
biting  lice  or  Mallophaga.  [Ward's  Nat.  Sci.  Bull.]  15:  84- 
86,  ill.  Wygodzinsky,  P.  W. — Uma  especie  nova  de  Sym- 
phylurimis  ( Projapygidae)  do  Brasil.  [105]  12  (3):  531-534, 
ill.  (k). 

ORTHOPTERA.— Cassab,  A.— Le  nid  et  la  ponte  des 
conrtilieres  (Gryllidae-Gryllotalpinae).  [124]  22:  397-3' ">. 
Castronovo,  A. — Nota  sobre  los  cromosomas  de  Coryacris 
angustipennis.  [Anales,  Soc.  Cien.  Argent.]  133  (14)  :  293- 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  205 

296,  ill.  Costa-Lima,  A.  da — Um  novo  grilo  cavernicola  de 
Almas  Gerais  (Grylloidea).  [125]  1:  43-50,  ill.  Rehn,  J.  A. 
G. — An  Orthoptera  survey  of  certain  northwestern  states. 
|  Amer.  Philo.  Soc.  Yr.  Book]  1941 ;  140-142.  Rehn  &  Rehn. 
—A  review  of  the  New  World  Eumastacinae  (Acrid.). 
[Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  1'hila.J  94:  1-88,  ill.  (S*k). 

HEMIPTERA.— Beamer,  R.  H.— A  new  sp.  of  Doryce- 
phalus  (Homop.:  Cicadid.).  [103]  15:  55-56,  ill.  Cook,  C. 
W. — Insects  and  weather  as  they  influence  growth  of  cactus 
on  the  Central  Great  Plains.  [Ecology]  23  (2)  :  209-214.  da 
Costa  Lima,  A. — Spiniger  mazzai  n.  sp.  (Reduvid.).  [Ill] 
36:  387-389,  ill.  (S).  Um  novo  Ceroplastes  gigante  (Cocci- 
dae).  [125]  1 :  9-12,  ill.  (S).  Insetos  do  Brasil.  III.  Homop- 
teros.  327  pp.  ill.  [Escola  Nac.  de  Agronomia,  R.  d.  Janeiro]. 
Daniels,  T.  E.  T.— Capsidae  attacking  humans.  [9]  75:  92- 
93.  Davidson,  R.  H.  &  De  Long,  D.  W.— Studies  of  the 
genus  Empoasca  (Cicadellidae).  IX.  Some  new  species  of 
E.  from  southwestern  U.  S.  and  Mexico.  [43]  42  (3)  :  123- 
126,  ill.  Doering,  K.  C. — Host  plant  records  of  Cercopidae 
in  N.  Amer.,  north  of  Mexico  (Horn.).  [103]  15:  65-72,  cont. 
Drake,  C.  J. — A  new  chinch  bug  from  Argentina  (Lygaei- 
dae).  [105]  12  (3)  :  514-515.  Essig,  E.  O.— Red  scale  out-of- 
doors  in  Berkeley,  California.  [55]  18:  82.  Fennah,  R.  G.- 
New  or  little  known  West  Indian  Kinnaridae  (Horn.:  Ful- 
gorid).  [10]  44:  99-107,  ill.  (k).  Fonseca,  J.  P.  da— Contribu- 
cuo  para  conhecimento  dos  Membracideos  neotropicos.  IV. 
f  14 1  12:  129-140,  ill.  (*).  Gorham,  R.  P.— Rearing  the 
aphid  Myzus  persicae,  indoors  in  winter.  [4]  74:  76.  Harris, 
H.  M. — Rhopalidae  for  Corizidae.  [103]  15:63-64.  Hepner, 
L.  W. — A  revision  of  the  genus  Aligia  (Cicadellidae)  north 
of  Mexico.  [Univ.  Kans.  Sci.  Bull.]  28  (1)  :  145-185,  ill.  (k). 
Hungerford,  H.  B. — Concerning  Trichocorixella  (Hem.: 
Corix.).  [103]  15:  62-63.  Hutchinson,  G.  E.— Note  on  the 
occurrence  of  Buenoa  elegans  in  the  early  postglacial  sedi- 
ment of  Lyd  Hyt  pond  (Notonec.).  [Am.  Jour.  Sci.] 
24:  335-338",  ill.  '  Kuitert,  L.  C— Gerrinae  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Kansas  collections.  [Univ.  Kans.  Sci.  Bull.] 
28  (f):  113-144,  ill.  (k*).  Lepage,  H.  S.— Descricao 
de  11111  novo  genero  e  nova  especie  de  Coccideo 
jTodutor  de  galhas.  [14]  12:  141-145,  ill.  Notas  sobre 
Coccideos  do  Brasil.  [125]  1:  69-78,  ill.  (*).  Lepage, 
H.  S.  &  Piza,  M.  T. — Redescriqao  do  Neolecanium  silveirai 
i  Ilempel)  seria  ])raga  da  videira  e  sen  controle.  |  14)  12:  21- 
26,  ill.  Linsley  &  Usinger. — Notes  on  some  flat  bugs  from 
the  vicinity  of  Mt.  Lassen,  California  (Aradid.).  [55]  18: 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Juty,    '42 


83-86.  McKinstry,  A.  P.  —  A  new  family  of  Hemiptera- 
Heteroptera  proposed  for  Macrovelia  hornii.  [55]  18:  90-96, 
ill.  Monte,  O.  —  Sobre  Tingitideos  de  Costa  Rica  com  de- 
scric,5es  de  especies  novas.  [14]  12:  93-100,  ill.  (k).  De- 
scrigao  de  um  novo  genero  e  uma  nova  especie  de  Tingiti- 
deo.  [125]  1:  13-16,  ill.  (S).  Notulas  sobre  Leptobyrsa 
steini  (Stal).  [125]  1:  203-208,  ill.  Richter,  L.—  Contribu- 
cion  al  conocimiento  de  las  Membracidae  de  Colombia. 
[Caldasia]  Dec.  1941  :  41-48,  ill.  Tuthill,  L.  D.—  Notes  on 
N.  Amer.  Rhinopsylla  with  descr.  of  a  n.  sp.  (Psyll.:  Horn- 
opt.).  [103]  15:  45-48.  Wheeler,  N.  H.—  Trap-light  studies 
on  leaf-hoppers  of  the  genus  Empoasca  (Cicadellid.).  1932- 
1941.  [10]  44:  69-72. 

LEPIDOPTERA.—  d'Almeida,  R.  F.—  Contribuqao  ao 
estudo  dos  Mechanitidae.  [125]  1:  79-86,  ill.  (Sk).  Bour- 
quin,  F.  —  Metamorfosis  de  Hypercallia  bourquiniella  Koeh- 
ler,  1939  (Oecophoridae).  [105]  12  (3)  :  541-546,  ill.  Brown 
&  McGuffin.  —  New  descr.  of  larvae  of  forest  insects.  IV. 
Herculia  tortrix,  Argyrotaenia.  (Pyral.,  Tortr.)  [4]  74: 
58-61,  ill.  Cook,  C.  W.  —  (See  under  Hemiptera.)  Forbes, 
W.  T.  M.  —  Notes  on  the  butterflies  of  Venezuelan  Guiana. 
[Bol.  Ent.  Venezolana]  1:  25-35.  ('*).  Freeman,  T.  N.—  A 
new  Argyrotaenia  from  spruce.  (Tort.)  [4]  74:  57.  Hay- 
ward,  K.  J.  —  -Further  new  species  of  neotropical  Hesperiidae 
from  Ecuador.  [105]  12  (3):  521-531,  ill.  Heslop  Harrison, 
J.  W.  —  Observations  on  the  autumnal  moths  of  the  genus 
Oporinia.  (Geom.)  I.  The  American  sp.  [8]  78:  104-108  (*). 
Hinton,  H.  E.  —  Notes  on  the  larvae  of  the  three  common 
injurious  species  of  Ephestia  (Phycitidae).  [22]  33  (1)  21- 
26,  ill.  Hodson,  A.  C.  —  An  ecological  study  of  the  forest 
tent  caterpillar,  Malacosoma  disstria  Hbn.,  in  northern 
Minnesota.  [Univ.  Minn.  Agr.  Ep.  Sta.  Tech.  Bull.]  148: 
1-55,  ill.  Hovanitz,  W.  —  Genetic  and  ecologic  analyses  of 
wild  populations  in  Lepidoptera.  I.  Pupal  size  and  weight 
variation  in  some  California  populations  of  Melitaea  chalci- 
clonia.  [84]  23:  175-188.  McDunnough,  J.—  Tortricid  notes 
and  descr.  [4]  74:  63-71  (*).  de  Martin,  M.  —  La  coleccion 
de  Lepidopteros  del  Museo.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  "Javier 
Prado"]  6:  67-70  (cont.).  Oiticica  Filho,  J.—  Estudo  sobre 
pernas  de  Adelocephalidae.  [125]  1:  17-38.  ill.  Rey,  A.— 
La  reparation  du  cocon  chez  la  chenille  de  Saturnia  pavonia 
L.  [Compte  Rendu,  Soc.  Physique  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve]  58 
(3)  :  240-244.  Wild,  W.—  Descriptions  of  little-known 
Microlepidoptera  larvae  of  western  New  York.  [Bull.  Buf- 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  207 

falo  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.]   17:  52-53. 

DIPTERA. — Anon. — Human  sleeping-  sickness  traced  to 
common  mosquito  bite.  [4]  74:  75-76.  Anduze,  P.  J.— 
Fauna  Culicidiana  de  Venezuela.  Descr.  de  dos  esp.  nuevas. 
[Bol.  Ent.  Venezolana]  1:  43-49,  ill.  Ayroza  Galvao,  A.  L. 
&  Coutinho,  J.  O. — -Contribuiqao  ao  estudo  dos  Flebotomos 
de  Sao  Paulo  la.  Nota.  [126]  6  (12):  51-65,  ill.  1941.  (k). 
Barreto,  M. — Observances  sobre  a  biologia  do  Phlebotomus 
whitmani  Antunes  e  Coutinho  1939  (Psychodidae)  em  con- 
diqoes  experimentais.  (English  summary)  [125]  1:  87-100. 
Morfologia  dos  ovos,  das  larvas  e  das  pupas  do  Phlebo- 
tomus intermedius  Lutz  e  Neiva,  1912.  (Psychodidae) 
[126]  6  (12)  :  81-104,  ill.  1941.  Observac,5es  sobre  a  biologia 
do  Phlebotomus  intermedius  Lutz  e  Neiva,  1912  (Psychodi- 
dae) em  condiqoes  experimentasis.  [126]  6  (12):  107-119, 
ill.  1941.  Observac,5es  sobre  a  biologia  do  Phlebotomus 
whitmani  Antunes  e  Coutinho,  1939  (Psychodidae)  em 
condic,oes  experimentais.  [126]  6  (12):  123-131.  1941.  Bar- 
retto,  M.  P.  &  Coutinho,  J.  O. — Contribuic/io  ao  conheci- 
mento  dos  flebotomos  de  Sao  Paulo  IV,  V.  [125]  1 :  143-158, 
177-192,  ill.  (English  Summaries.)  Contribuiqao  ao  conheci- 
mento  dos  flebotomos  de  Sao  Paulo  (English  Summary). 
[125]  1 :  223-236,  ill.  (*).  Carrera,  M.— Notas  sobre  o  genero 
Olbiogaster  Osten  Sacken,  1886  (Anisopodidae).  (English 
abstract)  [125]  1:  193-202,  ill.  (Sk*).  Descriqao  do  alotipo 
de  Baccha  lanei  Curran,  1936  (Syrphidae)  [Papeis  Avulsos, 
Dept.  Zool.  Secret.  Agric.  S.  Paulo).  1 :  65-68,  ill.  Collin,  J. 
E. — On  the  interpretation  of  opinion  46  of  the  International 
Comm.  on  Nomenclature  and  its  application  to  Meigen's 
generic  names  of  1800.  [8]  78:  97-103.  Cooper,  K.  W.- 
An  investigation  of  the  aberrant  chromosome  behavior 
in  the  male  germ  cells  of  flies  parasitic  on  tropical  bats  and 
vultures.  [Amer.  Philo.  Soc.  Yr.  Book]  1941:  122-127. 
Coutinho,  J.  O.  &  Barretto,  M.  P. — Contribucaio  para  o 
conhecimento  dos  Flebotomos  de  Sao  Paulo.  I.  Phlebotomus 
fischeri  Pinto,  1926  e  Ph.  pessoai  n.  sp.  (Psychodidae).  [1~<>| 
6  (12)  :  33-48,  ill.  1941.  Coutinho,  J.  O.— Observances  sobre 
algumas  especies  de  Flebotomos  com  a  descriqao  do  macho 
de  Phlebotomus  lloydi  Antunes,  1937.  [126]  6  (12):  68-77, 
ill.  1('41.  Fano,  U. — An  autosomal  recessive  factor  inducing 
semi-sterility  in  Drosophila  melanogaster  females.  [Pro.  Nat. 
Acad.  Sci.]  28:  119-123.  Gordon,  C.— Natural  breeding  sites 
of  Drosophila  obscura.  [31]  149:  499-500.  Fonseca,  F.  da- 


208  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [July,    '42 

Cuterebrineo  novo  parasita  de  Didelfideo  (Oestridae).  [105] 
12  (3)  :  480-486,  ill.  (S).  Gillett,  J.  D.— A  larvascope  for  use 
in  identification  of  living  Culicine  larvae.  [22]  33  (i)  :  27-29 
ill.  Guimaraes,  L.  R. — Sobre  a  prioridade  de  Basilia  ferrisi 
Schmirmans  Stekhoven  1931.  [125]  1  :  5-8.  Notas  sobre  Stre- 
blidae  (English  abtsr.).  [125]  1:  213-222,  ill.  Hafez,  M.- 
A  study  of  the  morphology  and  life  history  of 
Sarcophaga  falculata  Pandelle  (Sarcophagidae).  [124"]  24: 
183-214,  ill.  1940.  Hanna,  A.  D.— Studies  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean fruit-fly  Ceratitis  capitata  Wiecl.  I.  The  structure 
and  operation  of  the  reproductive  organs.  [124]  22:  39-59, 
ill.  1939.  Hardy,  G.  H. — External  Genitalia  of  the  Diptera. 
[31]  149:  441-442.  Hardy,  D.  E.— New  western 
Asilidae.  [103]  15:  57-61,  ill.  Hering,  F.  M— Fiinf  neue 
neotropische  Fruchtfliegen.  [105]  12  (3):  474-480,  ill. 
James,  M.  T. — A  review  of  the  Myxosargini  (Stra- 
tiomyid).  [55]  18:  49-60,  ill.  Mangabeira,  O.— Con- 
tribuicao  eo  estudo  flebotomus.  Psychodopygus,  Vian- 
namyia  n.  subg.  (Psychod.).  [Ill]  "36:  237-262.  (Sk). 
Flebotomus  (Pintomyia)  damascenoi  n.  sp.  [Ill]  36: 
369-378,  ill.  Patton,  "W.  S.— The  terminalia  of  the  genus 
Wohlfahrtia  B.  &  B.,  and  those  of  some  allied  genera,  to- 
gether with  notes  on  the  natural  grouping  of  the  species  of 
the  sub-families  Sarcophaginae  and  Miltogrammatinae. 
[124]  22:  67-109,  ill.  1939.  Philip,  C.  B.— A  new  genus  of 
neotropical  deerflies  (Tabanidae).  [105]  12  (3):  470-474. 
Reed,  E.  P.  &  Ruiz,  P.  F. — Nuevas  especies  de  Mydaidae. 
[105]  12  (3):  487-493.  (S).  Rees,  D.  M.— Supplementary 
list  of  mosquito  records  from  Utah  (Culicid).  [55]  18:  77- 
82.  Russell  &  Mohan — Some  mosquito  hosts  to  avian  Plas- 
modia  with  special  reference  to  Plasmodium  gallinaceum. 
[J.  Parasit.]  28:  127-129.  Zavrel,  J. — Vergleichend-morpho- 
logische  Untersuchungen  an  der  Podonominenlarven.  [34] 
134:  105-115,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— Blackwelder,  R.  E.— Notes  on  the 
classification  of  the  Staphylinid  beetles  of  the  groups  Lispini 
and  Osoriinae.  [50]  92:  75-90.  (*).  Blake,  D.  H.— The 
chrysomelid  beetles  Luperodes  bivittatus  and  varicornis  and 
some  allied  species.  [50]  92:  57-74,  ill.  Bolivar  y  Pieltain, 
C. — Descr.  de  dos  Paratrechus  nuevos  de  Morelos  y  Mich- 
oacan  (Mex.).  [Rev.  Soc.  Mex.  Hist.  Nat.]  2:  187-196.  ill. 
Bondar,  G. — Notas  entomologicas  da  Baia,  VIII.  [105]  12 
(3):  427-470.  ill.  [Curculion.]  (S*).  van  Emden,  F.  I.- 
The  collection  and  study  of  beetle  larvae.  [8]  78:  73-79,  ill. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  209 

Fiedler,  C. — Die  americanische  Russlergattung  Phyrdenus 
Lee.  [34]   134:  123-137,  ill.  (*).     Hinton,  H.  E.- Secondary 

sexual  characters  of  Tribolium.  [31  |  149:  500-501,  ill.  Lane, 
F. — Nova  especie  do  genero  Oregostoma  Serville  1833  (Cer- 
ambycidae).  [125]  1:1-4.  (S).  Linsley  &  MacSwain— Bio- 
nomics of  the  meloid  genus  Hornia.  [67]  7:  189-205,  ill. 
Mansour,  K. — Notes  on  the  embryonic  and  postembryonic 
development  of  Calandra  oryzae  (Linn.)  and  related  Cole- 
optera.  [124]  22:  286-300,  ill.  1939.  Mohamed  Taher  El 
Sayed — The  morphology,  anatomy  and  biology  of  Araecerus 
fasciculatus  De  Geer  (Anthribidae).  [124]  24:  82-152,  ill. 
1940.  Monte,  O. — Novas  especies  do  genero  Tachygonus 
Schoenherr  (Cnrculionoidea)  (English  abstr.).  [125]  1: 
245-254.  (S*).  Sanderson,  M.  W.— Descr.  and  records  of 
distribution  of  Phyllophaga  (Scarab.).  [103]  15:  49-54,  ill. 
(*).  Saylor,  L.  W. — Six  new  Costa  Rican  scarab  beetles  of 
the  genus  Phyllophaga.  [105]  12  (3):  534-541.  Schwitz- 
gebel  &  Wilbur — Coleoptera  associated  with  ironweed 
CVernonia  interior)  in  Kansas.  [103]  15:  37-44,  ill.  Soukup, 
J. — Apuntes  para  la  zoogeografia  entomologica.  [Bol.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  "Javier  Prado"]  6:  41-51,  ill.  (S*).  Vargas,  L.- 
El  problema  de  las  variedades  de  A.  punctipennis.  Descr.  de 
A.  punct.  stonei  n.  var.  [Rev.  Soc.  Mex.  Hist.  Nat.]  2:  175- 
186,  ill.  (S).  Vivas-Berthier,  G. — Notas  sobre  Prioninos  de 
Venezuela  (Ceram.).  [Bol.  Ent.  Venezolana]  1  :  37-42. 
Wittmer,  W. — Zweiter  beitrag  zur  kenntniss  der  neotro- 
pischen  Malacodermata.  [105]  12  (3):  507-514.  (k*). 

HYMENOPTERA.— Autuori,  M.— Contribuqao  para  o 
conhecimento  da  sauva  (Atta  spp.).  I.  Evoluqao  do  sauveiro 
(Atta  sexdens  rubropilosa  Forel  1908).  [14|  12:  197-228,  ill. 
Panks,  N. — Notes  on  the  United  States  species  of  Tachytes. 
(Larrid.)  [Bull  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.]  99:  395-436,  ill.  Bitan- 
court,  A.  A. — Expressao  matematica  dc  formigueiros  dr 
Atta  sexdens  rubropilosa  representado  pelo  aumento  do 
numero  de  olheiros  (English  summary).  [14]  12:  229-236, 
ill.  Bugbee,  R.  E. — Six  new  species  of  the  genus  Eurytoma 
from  Mexico.  Part  TT.  Atrateges  group.  [1051  12  (3)':  4'».:) 
506.  ill.  (S).  Cobb,  S.— Tick  parasites  on  Cape  Cod.  [f>8| 
95:  503.  Fernald,  H.  T.— The  Ampulicidae  and  Sphecidac 
tnken  at  Kartabo  and  other  localities  in  British  Guiana. 
[Xoologica]  27:  29-32.  Krombein,  K.  V. — A  n.  gen.  and  ^p. 
of  Brachycistidinae  (Ti])hiidae).  [10]  44:  65-67,  ill.  Lafleur, 
L.  J. — Ant  behavior  in  the  face  of  obstacles.  [Scientific 
Monthly]  May,  1942:  467-471.  Leech,  H.  B.— Female  mu- 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [July,    '42 

tillids  eating  butter.  [55]  18:  89.  Mitchell,  T.  B.— Two 
Mexican  species  of  Xeromegachile.  (Megachilid.)  [55]  18: 
74-76.  Moure,  J. — Notas  sobre  abelhas  do  grupo  Tetrapedia 
King  (Apoidea).  [105]  12  (3)  :  515-521.  (S*).  Smith,  M.  R. 
—A  new,  apparently  parasitic  ant.  [10]  44:  59-61,  ill.  The 
males  of  two  North  American  Cerapachyine  ants.  [10]  44: 
62-64,  ill.  Soliman,  H.  S. — Studies  in  the  structure  of  Micro- 
bracon  hebetor  Say.  [124]  25:  1-98,  ill.  1941.  Studies  in  the 
biology  of  Microbracori  hebetor  Say  (Braconidae).  [124] 
24:  215-247,  ill.  1940.  Weber,  N.  A.— On  ant  nesting  habits 
in  N.  Dakota  in  1941  compared  with  drought  years.  [4]  74: 
61-62. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Those  studying  the  insects  of 
Puerto  Rico  will  find  data  on  the  island  in  Soil  Survey  of 
Puerto  Rico  by  R.  C.  Roberts,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture, 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Series  1936,  No.  8,  issued  January 
1942,  500  pp.,  6  folded  colored  maps  in  a  separate  cover. 

Itineraires  botaniques  dans  1'ile  de  Cuba.  (Ser.  1).  Par 
F.  Marie-Victorin  et  F.  Leon.  [Contr.  de  1'Inst.  Botan.  de 
rUniv.  de  Montreal,  No.  41,  1942.  496  pp.,  ill.,  map.  This 
botanical  itinerary  of  the  authors  in  Cuba  in  1939  gives 
data  on  local  conditions  and  plants  likely  to  be  useful  to 
entomologists  also. 


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MANUAL  OF  MYIOLOGY  (IN  TWELVE  PARTS) 

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DIPTERA 

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of  n.  sps.  (Asilidae).  (6&  11-22,  figs.,  1942) 25 

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LEPIDOPTERA 

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ATTENTION 
WORKING  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

We  would  call  your  attention  to  the  increasing  scarcity 
of  many  of  the  publications  of  The  American  Entomological 
Society,  and  advise  you  to  obtain  those  desired  before  the 
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will  be  glad  to  give  you  prices  on  any  available  if  you  send 
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In  submitting  your  want  list  in  this  line,  give  order,  author, 
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The  American  Entomological  Society,  1900  Race  Street 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


r>TV     INS. 

OCTOBER,  1942       "    NATL 


Vol.   LIII  No.  8 


CONTENTS 

Tate   and   Wirth — Notes  on  Mosquitoes  in  Nebraska    (Diptera:   Culi- 

cidae).   ...                211 

Tuthill — Two  New  Species  of  Calophya  and  Notes  on  Others   (Psylli- 

dae:  Homoptera) .    .                               .  215 

Obituary — Charles  Davies  bherborn 218 

Clench — A    New    Race   of    Atlides    halesus   Cramer    from    California 

(Lepidoptera:    Lycaenidae) .    .        .    .  219 

Benesh,  B.  —  Some  Notes  on  Nearctic  Stagbeetles  with  Description  of 
a  New  Species  of  Platycerus  from  Pacific  Northwest  (Coleoptera: 

Lucanidae) 221 

Knull,  J.  JN  .  —  New  Cerambycidae  with  Notes  (Coleoptera) 224 

Obituary— Mr.   Philip  Laurent 227 

Current    Entomological  Literature        .    .  2'28 

Review  of  Feiris,  Atlas  of  the  Scale  Insects  of  North  America  ....  237 

Obituary— Hermann  Hornig 238 

Obituary— Dr.  William  Schaus 239 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  OCTOBER,  1942  No  8 

Notes  on  Mosquitoes  in  Nebraska  (Diptera: 

Culicidae).1 

By  H.  DOUGLAS  TATE  and  WILLIS  W.  WiRTH2 

Department  of  Entomology,  College  of  Agriculture, 
University  of  Nebraska. 

This  paper  presents  a  list  of  the  species  of  mosquitoes  (Culi- 
cidae, subfamily  Culicinae)  represented  in  the  collection  of  the 
Department  of  Entomology,  University  of  Nebraska,  and  the 
localities  in  the  state  from  which  the  specimens  have  been 
collected.  The  few  isolated  records  previously  published  also 
are  included.  Although  mosquitoes  have  long  been  a  disturbing 
factor  in  some  parts  of  the  state,  they  have  received  relatively 
little  attention.  Indications  are  that  in  recent  years  the  annoy- 
ance caused  by  them  has  increased,  probably  due  largely  to  more 
extensive  irrigation  which  has  introduced  favorable  breeding 
conditions.  In  addition  to  the  nuisance  factor  these  pests  fre- 
quently have  been  an  economic  influence  of  considerable  im- 
portance in  agricultural  development.  Of  particular  interest  is 
their  relationship  to  encephalomyelitis,  a  disease  which  in  recent 
years  has  attained  epidemic  proportions  in  this  area.  These 
preliminary  notes,  involving  21  species,  are  presented  at  this 
time  largely  because  of  the  scarcity  of  published  records  on 
these  insects  in  Nebraska. 

Dyar  (1922)  reports  Acdes  dorsal  is  Mg.  and  Psorophora  cili- 
ata  Fab.  from  Nebraska.  A  recent  publication  by  King  and 
Bradley  (1941)  lists  Anopheles  occidcntdis  Dyar  &  Knab  and 
An.  punctipcnms  Say  from  this  state.  In  a  personal  communi- 

1  Contribution  from  University  of   Nebraska   Agricultural   Experiment 
Station,  Journal  Series  No.  303. 

2  The  authors  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Alan  C.  Stone,  of  the  United  States 
National   Museum,  for  cheeking  the  identifications  of  each  of  the  species 
marked  with  an  asterisk. 

211 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

cation  received  by  the  authors  in  September,  1941,  Dr.  Alan  C. 
Stone  stated  that  he  had  identified  four  species  of  mosquitoes 
from  Nebraska,  namely  Acdcs  tr'wittatus  (Say),  Acdcs  vcxans 
(Mg.),  Anopheles  quadrimaculatus  Say,  and  Culcx  tarsalis 
Coq.  These  specimens  were  submitted  to  him  from  camps  of 
the  Civilian  Conservation  Corps  and  exact  locality  records  were 
not  obtained.  The  writers  were  unable  to  secure  any  other 
references  to  mosquitoes  collected  in  this  state.  Therefore, 
nearly  all  of  the  21  species  reported  below  presumably  are  new 
records  for  this  area. 

AEDES  DORSALIS  Meigen.*  Glen  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.  14,  1906 
(P.  R.  Jones)  (  9  )  ;  Lincoln,  April  27,  1915  (L.  M.  Gates) 
(  9  ),  July  9,  17,  21,  1929  (R.  H.  Nelson)  (3  $  $  ),  June  (H. 
S.  Smith)  (  9  ),  Aug.  (  $  ).  Also  reported  from  Nebraska 
by  Dyar  (1922). 

Ae.  EX  CRUCIANS  Walker.     (See  Aedes  stimulans}. 

Ae.  FITCHII  Felt  &  Young.     (See  Aedes  stimulans). 

Ae.  IDAHOENSIS  (Theobald).*  One  specimen  from  Glen 
(Sioux  Co.),  Aug.,  1906  (P.  R.  Jones)  (  9  ). 

Ae.  NIGROMACULUS  Ludlow.*  Clay  Center,  July  24,  1921  (R. 
E.  Weir)  (  $  ) ;  Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W.  Wirth) 
(409  9  ,  IS);  Lincoln,  June  16,  1908  (J.  T.  Zimmer)  (  $  ), 
July  15,  1909  (F.  A.  Burnham  (  9  ),  July  9,  17,  21,  1929  (R. 
H.  Nelson)  (49  9  ),  Sept.  12,  1934  (R.  E.  Hill)  (  9  ),  Sept. 
17,  1935  (W.  W.  Darlington)  (  9  ).  This  species  formed  up 
to  25  per  cent  of  light-trap  collections  at  Dunbar  in  September, 
1941,  about  10  days  following  heavy  rains  which  flooded  a 
nearby  creek  valley. 

Ae.  STIMULANS  Walker.  Females  of  Aedes  excrucians,  fitchii, 
and  stimulans,  the  more  common  members  of  the  stimulans 
group,  are  difficult  to  separate.  Matheson  (1928)  separates 
them  on  the  basis  of  the  lower  mesepimeral  bristles,  and  on  this 
basis  these  three  species  could  be  identified  from  the  material 
in  the  collection.  However,  since  there  were  neither  male  nor 
larval  specimens,  and  in  the  absence  of  more  inclusive  characters 
the  records  of  these  species  have  been  grouped  together  tinder 
Aedes  (stimulans  group).*  Glen  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.  16,  1905 


Hii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  213 

(  9  ),  Aug.,  1906  (P.  R.  Jones)  (27  9  9  ),  July  14,  1910  (L. 
Bruner)  ($);  Pine  Ridge  (Dawes  Co.),  July  7,  1910  (L. 
Bruner)  (  9  ). 

Ae.  TRISERIATUS  Say.*  This  species,  typically  a  tree-hole 
breeder,  is  represented  in  the  collection  by  specimens  as  follows : 
Glen  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.  11,  1906  (P.  R.  Jones)  (39  9); 
Monroe  Canyon  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.  29,  1921  (R.  E.  Weir) 

(*). 
Ae.  TRIVITTATUS  Coquillett.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W. 

Wirth)  (109  9,  1  $  ) ;  Glen  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.,  1906  (P.  R. 
Jones)  (29  9  );  Monroe  Canyon  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.  5,  1908 
(R.  W.  Dawson)  (49  9);  Lincoln,  July  15,  1929  (R.  H. 
Nelson)  (  $  ).  The  females  from  Dunbar  were  collected  in 
the  early  afternoon  on  a  cloudy  day  near  weeds  beside  a  flood 
pool,  at  which  time  they  were  present  in  large  numbers  and 
biting  fiercely. 

Ae.  VEXANS  Meigen.*  Child's  Point  May  20,  1905  (  9  )  ; 
Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W.  Wirth)  (259  9,  65  5); 
Dundy  Co.,  June  26,  1905  (M.  H.  Swenk)  (  $  )  ;  Glen  (Sioux 
Co.),  Aug.  12,  1906  (P.  R.  Jones)  (  9  ),  July  14,  1910  (L. 
Bruner)  (  9  )  ;  Jamaica,  July  12,  1929  (R.  H.  Nelson)  (  $  )  ; 
Lincoln,  May  20,  1904  (  9  ),  Aug.  12,  1905  (  $  ),  Sept.  28, 
1905  (  9  ),  July  20,  1910  (F.  A.  Burnham)  (  9  ),  July  9,  11, 
12,  15,  17,  1929  (R.  H.  Nelson)  (39  9,  8$  $  )  ;  Waverly, 
Feb.  10  (L.  Bruner)  (  9  )  ;  West  Point,  June,  1910  (  9  ). 

ANOPHELES   OCCIDENTALIS   Dyar   &:   Knab.*     Glen    (Sioux, 
Co.),  Aug.    16,    1905    (109  9),  Aug.,    1906    (P.   R.   Jones) 
(459  9  ).     Also  reported  by  King  and  Bradley  (1941)    from 
Glen  (Sioux  Co.),  Nebraska.     Nebraska  and  Iowa  apparently 
are  the  most  southern  limits  of  its  known  range. 

A.  PUNCTIPENNIS  Say.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W. 
Wirth)  (399)  light  trap;  Lincoln,  Nov.  5,  1903  (299)  on 
window;  Waverly,  Feb.  10  (L.  Bruner)  (49  9,35  <5  ).  Also 
reported  by  King  and  Bradley  (1941)  from  Salt  Creek,  near 
Waverly,  Nebraska,  1904.  During  September,  1941,  first  to 
third  stage  larvae  were  found  breeding  abundantly  in  shallow 
grassy  lowland  pools  formed  by  the  overflow  from  a  creek  at 
Dunbar,  Nebraska,  in  association  with  Culc.v  tarsalis  larvae  and 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

pupae.  The  November  record  is  interesting  in  that  it  shows 
that  Anophelines  may  be  active,  at  least  in  houses,  well  into 
the  winter  as  far  north  as  Nebraska. 

A.  QUADRIMACULATUS  Say.*  One  specimen  in  the  Nebraska 
collection  appears  to  be  this  species:  Lincoln,  Sept.,  1940  (M. 
H.  Swenk)  (?)  in  garage.  Nebraska  is  the  limit  of  the  known 
range  of  An.  quadriniaculatus  north  of  Kansas  and  west  of 
Iowa. 

CULEX  PIPIENS  Linnaeus.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  21,  1941  (W. 
W.  Wirth)  larval  collections,  from  a  cistern,  and  1  adult  (  $  ), 
Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W.  Wirth)  (20?  2  and  2$  $  in  collec- 
tion, found  resting  in  a  cesspool)  ;  Lincoln,  Sept.  28,  1915  (  $  ), 
Oct.  ($}. 

C.  QUINQUEFASCIATUS  Say.*  One  male,  Lincoln,  Nebr., 
October.  (Additional  data  not  available.) 

C.  RESTUANS  Theobald.*  Only  one  specimen;  Waverly,  Feb. 
10  (L.  Bruner)  (  $  ). 

C.  TARSALIS  Coquillett.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  21,  1941  (W.  W. 
Wirth)  (35  2  2,35  $  )  ;  Dundy  Co.,  June  25,  26,  1905  (M. 
H.  Swenk)  (2,  $  )  ;  Glen  (Sioux  Co.),  Aug.,  1906  (P.  R. 
Jones)  (2);  Lincoln,  June  25,  27,  1910  (11  2  2,  45  5), 
Feb.  11,  1911  (L.  Bruner)  (622)  in  cellar,  July  11,  1929 
(R.  H.  Nelson)  (  $  ),  Sept.  12,  1934  (R.  E.  Hill)  (  2  ),  Aug. 
13,  1936  (W.  W.  Darlington)  (  2  )  ;  Waverly,  Feb.  10  (L. 
Bruner  (122  2,  4$  5).  Culcx  tarsalis  larvae  were  found 
developing  very  abundantly  at  Dunbar  in  September,  1941,  in 
ditches  and  grassy  lowlands  flooded  by  a  swollen  creek.  At  the 
same  time  light-trap  collections  in  this  locality  yielded  up  to 
50  per  cent  of  this  species. 

PSOROPHORA  CILIATA  Fabricius.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941 
(W.  W.  Wirth)  (  2  )  ;  Lincoln,  June  18,  1908  (C.  N.  Gable) 
(  2  ),  June  15,  1924  (  2  ,  5  ).  Also  reported  by  Dyar  (1922) 
from  Lincoln. 

P.  COLUMBIAE  Dyar  and  Knab.  One  specimen  taken  in  a 
light  trap  at  Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W.  Wirth)  (  2  ). 

P.  SIGNIPENNIS  Coquillett.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  20,  21,  24,  1941 
(W.  W.  Wirth)  (85  2  2,65  $  )  ;  Dundy  Co.,  June  26,  1905 


liii.  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  215 

(M.  H.  Swenk)  ;  Lincoln,  July  17,  1929  (R.  H.  Nelson)   (  9  , 

5). 

THEOBALDIA  INCIDENS  Thomson.*  War  Bonnet  Canyon 
(Sioux  Co.),  (  9  ).  Previous  records  for  this  species  extended 
as  far  east  as  Montana  in  the  North  and  New  Mexico  in  the 
South.  This  apparently  is  the  first  time  it  has  been  found  east 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

T.  INORNATA  Williston.*  Dunbar,  Sept.  24,  1941  (W.  W. 
Wirth)  (119  9  )  ;  Lincoln,  March  18,  1913  (L.  Bruner)  (  9  ), 
May  26,  1930  (R.  Roberts)  (29  9  );  Waverly,  Feb.  10  (L. 
Bruner)  (  9  ). 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

DYAR,  HARRISON  G.  1922.  The  Mosquitoes  of  the  United 
States.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.  Proc.,  62,  art.  1,  119  pp. 

KING,  W.  V.,  and  BRADLEY,  G.  H.  1941.  Distribution  of 
the  Nearctic  Species  of  Anopheles.  In  "Malaria,"  Publication 
15  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  pp.  71-78.  Washington. 

MATHESON,  ROBERT.  1929.  A  Handbook  of  the  Mosquitoes 
of  North  America.  269  pp.  Charles  C.  Thomas,  Springfield, 
111.,  &  Baltimore,  Md. 


Two  New  Species  of  Calophya  and  Notes  on  Others 
(Psyllidae:  Homoptera). 

By  L.  D.  TUTHILL,  Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 

The  genus  Calophya  is  holarctic  in  distribution  and  so  far  as 
is  known  the  members  all  have  species  of  Rlnts  as  their  host 
plants,  except  C.  oivcni  which  inhabits  Phoradendron  juiiipt-r- 
iiiiini.  Intensive  collecting  in  areas  of  the  western  United 
States,  the  homopterous  fauna  of  which  has  not  been  well 
known  previously,  has  resulted  in  the  capture  of  the  two  species 
here  described  as  new. 

CALOPHYA  CALIFORNICA  Schwarz. 

1904  Calophya  calif  arnica  Schwarz,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash. 
VI:  241,  242.  " 


216  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

1914  Calophya  calif ornica  Crawford,  U.  S.  N.  M.  Bull.  85 : 
50. 

The  color  variations  which  Schwarz  and  Crawford  record  are 
apparently  a  sexual  difference.  The  study  of  specimens  shows 
that  the  males  are  dark  brown  to  black  on  the  vertex  and  thor- 
acic dorsum,  the  females,  however,  are  much  lighter  in  color, 
light  brown  to  golden  yellow.  I  have  at  hand  specimens  from 
Los  Angeles  County,  San  Jacinto  Mountains,  Alpine  and  "west 
of  Jacumba,"  California  and  one  male  from  Yarnell  Heights, 
Arizona. 
Calophya  minuta  n.  sp. 

Length  to  tip  of  folded  wings  1.5-1.75  mm. 
Color:  Head,  except  genal  processes  and  antennae,  prothorax 
except  legs,  mesothorax  except  legs,  shining  black.  Meta- 
thorax,  abdomen  and  legs  light  green  to  yellowish.  Antennae 
white,  black-tipped.  Genal  processes  greenish  white.  Wings 
hyaline,  forewings  slightly  yellowish. 

Structure:  Vertex  very  smooth,  evenly  rounded  downward 
anteriorly,  not  bulging.  Genal  processes  of  medium  length, 
longer  than  basal  width,  subacute,  not  divergent,  extending  for- 
ward parallel  to  plane  of  dorsum  of  vertex.  Antennae  thick, 
short,  slightly  shorter  than  width  of  head.  Thorax  weakly 
arched.  Legs  small.  Hind  tibia  with  very  small  apical  spines, 
one  outer,  two  inner.  Forewings  rounded  apically,  slightly  over 
twice  as  long  as  wide;  Rs  long,  nearly  straight;  cubital  cell 
much  larger  "than  medial ;  pterostigma  broad,  moderately  long ; 
small  radular  areas  in  both  marginal  cells  and  between.  Mem- 
brane of  hind  wings  set  with  minute  points. 

Genitalia:  Male  proctiger  evenly  swollen  on  caudal  margin. 
Forceps  shorter  than  proctiger;  in  lateral  view  moderately 
thick,  strongly  curved  cephalacl  to  subacute  apex;  in  caudal 
view  broad,  mesally  notched  before  apex,  apical  portion  a  sharp 
retrorse  hook,  notch  black  margined  and  irregularly  serrate. 
Female  genital  segment  three-fourths  as  long  as  rest  of  abdo- 
men, valves  subequal  in  length;  dorsal  valve  straight,  black- 
tipped,  flattened  and  blunt  in  dorsal  view ;  ventral  valve  broadly 
rounded  apically. 

Described  from  19  males  and  10  females,  Tumicacari  Moun- 
tain, ARIZONA,  July  22,  1938,  R.  H.  Beamer,  3  females,  Santa 
Rita  Mountains,  Arizona,  July  19,  1938,  R.  H.  Beamer  and  a 
series  of  11  males  and  6  females,  Atascosa  Mountain,  Arizona, 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


217 


October  24,  1937,  P.  W.  Oman. 

Holotypc  male,  Tumicacari  Mountain,  Arizona,  July  22,  1938, 
R.  H.  Beamer,  allotype  female,  same  data,  and  paratypes  in 
Snow  Collection,  University  of  Kansas.  Paratypes  in  U.  S. 
National  Museum  and  author's  collection. 

This  species  resembles  C.  californica  in  general  appearance 
but  may  readily  be  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  its  much 
smaller  size,  the  much  shorter  and  more  rounded  vertex  and  the 
short,  forward  projecting  genal  processes.  The  genitalia  arc 
also  distinctive  as  described. 

CALOPHYA  DUBIA  Crawford.    Fig.  1.  A. 

1914  Calophya  dubia  Crawford,  U.  S.  N.  M.  Bull.  85:  49,  51. 

This  species,  which  was  described  from  a  single  pair  of  speci- 
mens, has  been  taken  in  large  numbers  at  several  localities  in 
southern  Colorado.  It  is  the  most  numerous  species  on  Rhus 
trilobata  at  high  altitudes  in  midsummer.  The  males  fit  Craw- 
ford's description  very  well.  The  females  range  in  color  from 
clear  yellow  to  light  brown. 

In  addition  to  numerous  Colorado  specimens  several  males 
and  females  are  at  hand  from  Trident,  Montana,  collected  June 
4,  1940,  by  D.  J.  Pletsch. 


Fig.  1.     A.     Forewing  of  Calophya  dnbia.     B.     Forewing  of  Calophya 
aurea. 

Calophya  aurea  n.  sp.     Fig.  1.  B. 

Length  to  tip  of  folded  wings  2-2.25  mm. 

Color:  Uniformly  golden  yellow.  Tips  of  antennae  dark. 
Wings  yellowish,  darker  along  veins. 

Structure:  Head  small.  Vertex  rather  flat  dorsally,  slightly 
bulging  each  side  of  median  line  anteriorly.  Frons  prominent 
from  base  of  genal  processes  to  ocellus.  Genal  processes  short, 
stout,  sharp,  strongly  divergent,  extending  forward,  about  as 
long  as  basal  width.  Antennae  short,  thick,  a  little  shorter 
than  width  of  head.  Thorax  strongly  arched.  Pronotum  long. 


218  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

vertical.  Hind  tibia  with  one  outer  and  two  inner  apical  spines. 
Membrane  of  forewings  somewhat  thickened,  three  small  radu- 
lar  areas  on  margin;  marginal  cells  elongate  for  genus,  medial 
cell  proportionately  larger ;  pterostigma  large.  Membrane  of 
hind  wings  thickly  set  with  minute  points. 

Genii  alia:  Male  proctiger  straight,  nearly  parallel-margined 
slightly  swollen  on  caudal  margin.  Forceps  much  shorter  than 
proctiger,  in  lateral  view  broad,  straight,  parallel  margined, 
apices  obliquely,  roundly  truncate ;  in  caudal  view  broad,  slightly 
arched ;  apices  black-margined  and  serrate  mesally,  a  more 
prominent  tooth  at  cephalic  end.  Female  genital  segment  as 
long  as  rest  of  abdomen,  dorsal  valve  slender  apically,  blunt, 
dorsal  margin  concave ;  ventral  valve  nearly  equal  in  length, 
flattened  and  broad  apically. 

Described  from  7  males  and  21  females  from  Durango, 
Pagosa  Springs,  Ridgeway,  Creede  and  El  Paso  Co.,  COLORADO 
and  one  pair  from  Trident,  MONTANA. 

Holotype  male,  Durango,  Colorado,  July  4,  1937,  L.  D.  Tut- 
hill ;  allotypc  female,  Pagosa  Springs,  Colorado,  July  16,  1938, 
L.  D.  Tuthill.  Holotype,  allotype  and  paratypes  in  author's 
collection,  paratypes  in  Snow  Collection,  University  of  Kansas, 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  collection  of  Montana  State  Col- 
lege and  collection  of  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Most  of  the  specimens  were  taken  on  RJnis  trilobata  in  early 
July. 

Although  occurring  on  the  same  host  plant  and  in  company 
with  C.  dubiu  this  form  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  latter. 
The  difference  in  color,  in  the  shape  and  venation  of  the  fore- 
wing  (as  shown  in  the  accompanying  figures),  in  shape  of  head 
and  genal  processes  and  the  distinctive  genitalia  all  combine  to 
make  it  easily  recognizable. 


OBITUARY. 

CHARLES  DAVIES  SHERBORN,  known  to  entomologists  and 
zoologists  generally  for  his  compilation  of  Index  Animalium,  a 
complete  list  of  all  generic  and  trivial  names  from  1758  to  1850, 
died  June  22,  1942,  within  a  week  of  his  81st  birthday.  An 
obituary  notice  is  in  Nature  (London)  for  August  1,  1942. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  219 

A  New  Race  of  Atlides  halesus  Cramer  from  Cali- 
fornia (Lepidoptera:  Lycaenidae) 

By  HARRY  K.  CLENCH  Cambridge,  Massachusetts 
Upon  comparing  a  series  of  Atlides  halesus  Cramer  ]  from 
California  with  specimens  of  the  same  species  from  Florida, 
the  fact  was  revealed  that  two  races  were  involved.  For 
reasons  stated  below,  the  Florida  form  has  been  regarded  as 
typical. 

An  aberration  of  halesus  from  California  was  described  by 
Guilder  under  the  name  of  corcorani8.  Unfortunately,  this 
name  must  now  be  used  to  denote  the  race  occurring  in  the 
West.  In  the  strict  sense,  however,  corcorani  applies  only  to 
those  examples  in  which  the  basal  red  markings  of  the  underside 
of  the  wings,  and  the  underside  of  the  abdomen,  are  cream 
or  white,  thus  leaving  the  normal  form  of  the  race  (with  these 
markings  red)  undescribed. 

ATLIDES  HALESUS  CORCORANI,  form  cstcsi,  new  normal  form. 

Uppcrsidc :  $  .  Fore  wing  as  in  typical  halesus :  bright 
metallic  greenish  blue,  with  rather  large,  well-defined  scent 
pad  at  the  cell-end,  and  a  moderately  broad  blackish-brown 
border  on  the  outer  margin. 

Hind  wing  also  of  the  same  metallic  color,  with  a  large  costal 
border  of  blackish  brown,  diminishing  sharply  on  the  outer 
margin.  At  the  end  of  vein  Cu2  is  a  tail,  and  at  Ciu  a  slight 
irregularity  in  the  margin.  A  faint  indication  of  a  steel-blue 
bar  between  Cu!  and  Clio  on  the  margin  is  occasionally  present. 
A  larger  bar,  of  similar  color,  is  always  present  between  Cu- 
and  2A. 

9  .  Differs  from  the  male  in  the  duller,  more  restricted  blue 
areas,  presence  of  a  well-developed  tail  at  Ctii,  and,  of  course, 
the  absence  of  a  scent-pad  at  the  cell-end  of  the  fore  wing. 

Underside :  $  .  Ground  color  dark  gray,  occasionally 
brownish.  Fore  wing  with  a  blue  dash,  perpendicular  to  the 
body  line,  just  below  the  cell  in  the  base.  Costa,  near  base, 
marked  with  a  black-encircled  red  spot.  Outer  margin  of  wing 
narrowly  blackish. 

1  Papilla  halesus  Cramer,    1779,   Papillons   Exotiques,   etc.  2,   p.   3,   pi. 
98,  figs.  B,  C. 

'Atlides  halesus,  trans,  frm.  corcorani  Gunder,  1934,  Canad.  F.nt.  r>6, 
p.  131  (Various  new  Butterflies). 


220  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

Hind  wing:  ground  color  as  in  fore  wing.  Outer  margin 
narrowly  jet  black,  also  as  in  fore  wing.  Three  rows  of 
metallic  dashes  near  the  anal  angle.  The  inner  row,  tending 
more  toward  greenish  than  the  other  two,  contains  three  inter- 
nervural  dashes.  The  middle  row  is  composed  of  either  two 
or  three,  while  the  outer  row,  like  the  inner  has  three.  All  of 
the  dashes  in  the  three  rows  are  surrounded  by  dull  jet  black. 
The  greater  parts  of  veins  Ctij,  Cu2  and  2 A  are  streaked  with 
jet  blacjc.  Two  red  spots,  one  costal,  the  other  inner  marginal, 
are  found  at  the  base.  The  inner  margin  is  bordered  narrowly 
with  black,  just  inward  to  which  is  a  narrow  strip  of  blue 
scaling. 

9  .  Similar  to  the  male,  but  lacking  the  blue  dash  on  the 
fore  wing. 

Length  of  fore  uring  (broadest  measurement  from  base  to 
outer  margin,  perpendicular  to  the  body  line  and  parallel  to 
the  inner  margin).  $  largest  17.5  mm.,  average  16.1,  smallest 
14.  9  largest  18.5  mm.,  average  17.2,  smallest  15. 

Holotypc,  $,  Riverside,  CALIFORNIA,  October  6,  1940.  (F. 
Estes).  Allotypc,  9,  same  locality  and  collector,  September 
29,  1940. 

Paratypes,  all  Riverside,  California,  as  follows:  one  9  ,  Sept. 
29,  1940;  5  $  ,  1  9  ,  Oct.  6,  1940;  13  $  ,  Oct.  11,  1941 ;  1  9  , 
Oct.  14,  1939;  2  $  ,  1  9  ,  Oct.  15,  1939;  14  $  ,6  9  ,  Oct.  18, 
1941  ;  1  $  ,  Oct.  21,  1939;  1  $  ,  Nov.  5,  1938  (all  collected  by 
F.  Estes)  ;  1  $  ,  Oct.  9,  1937  (in  coll.  D.  B.  Stallings)  ;  2  $  , 
no  date  or  collector,  ex  Fall  Coll.  in  the  Museum  of  Compara- 
tive Zoology. 

Holotypc,  allot y pc  and  the  last  two  paratypes,  No.  25703  in 
the  M.  C.  Z.  collection ;  one  pair  in  the  Canadian  National 
Collection;  one  male  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  D.  B.  Stallings,  of 
Caldwell,  Kansas.  Some  will  be  returned  to  the  collector  of  the 
majority,  Mr.  Fred  Estes,  of  Riverside,  California,  for  whom 
it  gives  the  author  pleasure  to  name  this  form.  The  remainder 
of  the  paratypes  are  at  present  in  the  collection  of  the  writer. 

Remarks.  Although  Cramer,  in  his  description  of  halcsus, 
cited  no  locality  for  the  species,  it  is  fairly  reasonable  to  assume 
that  his  specimen  or  specimens  had  origin  in  the  South-East, 
most  likely  in  Virginia,  or  some  neighboring  state.  Several 
facts  seem  to  bear  out  this  hypothesis,  among  which  are  the 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  221 

following:  several  of  Cramer's  species  came  from  this  region, 
one  of  the  early  colonies  of  America;  Cramer's  figure,  while 
not  the  best,  is  sufficiently  good  to  show  two  tails  on  the  male, 
a  character  not  found  in  the  western  race ;  Fabricius 3  who 
redescribed  halcsus  (under  that  name),  added  the  locality 
"America  boreali." 

The  western  race  differs  from  the  eastern  (typical)  in  several 
characters.  The  former  lacks  a  tail  at  Ciu,  an  irregularity  in 
the  outer  margin  at  that 'point  being  the  only  indication  of  it. 
It  also  lacks  the  red  between  the  outer  two  rows  of  bars  at  the 
anal  angle  of  the  hind  wing  below,  and  a  similar  red  basal  to 
the  Cuo-2A  steel-blue  bar  of  the  hind  wing  above.  The  ground 
color  below  is  grayer  than  in  eastern  halesus. 

Arizona  specimens  are  of  the  western  race,  estcsi,  and  New 
Mexico  examples  will  probably  be  the  same.  In  Texas  both 
subspecies  seem  to  occur,  as  well  as  some  with  mixed  charac- 
ters. Central  American  specimens  will  belong  either  to  estesi 

or  to  another  subspecies. 

— •  «•»  — 

Some  Notes  on  Nearctic  Stagbeetles,  with  Descrip- 
tion of  a  New  Species  of  Platycerus  from    Pacific 
Northwest.  (Coleoptera:  Lucanidae) 

By  BERNARD  BENESH,  North  Chicago,  Illinois. 
In  these  notes  it  is  proposed  to*  record  field  observations  on 
the  bionomics  of  Pscudolucanus  capreohts  (L.),  add  to  the 
range  of  Dorcus  brevis  (Say)  and  describe  a  new  species  of 
Platycerus  from  Oregon.  The  last  was  carefully  compared  by 
Dr.  Chapin  with  material  conserved  at  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum;  in  returning  the  specimens  he  states  "the  best  I  can 
do  is  to  say  that  the  two  males  which  are  entirely  black  with  a 
slight  tinge  of  green  do  not  look  like  anything  in  the  Casey 
collection  or  in  our  own."  :  I  gratefully  acknowledge  the  con- 
tinued co-operation  of  Dr.  Chapin  and  thank  him  heartily  for 
his  systematic  aid. 

3  1781,  Species  Insectorum.  etc.  2,  pp.  116-117.  (Sec  nNn  P.utler,  \. 
G.,  1869,  Catalogue  of  tin-  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  described  by  Fabridus  in 
the  colUrtiiiii  of  the  1'ritish  Museum,  p.  197.) 

1  Letter  of  18  December  1941. 


222  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

PSEUDOLUCANUS  CAPREOLUS  (L.)  To  recorded  host  plants2 
of  this  species  we  can  add  tulip  poplar  (Liriodendron  tulipifcra 
L.),  as  five  adult  males  and  nine  larvae  (apparently  in  the  last 
instar)  were  taken  in  a  cavity  of  this  tree,  some  years  ago,  at 
Deer  Lodge,  Tennessee.  The  males  were  observed  emerging 
about  four  o'clock  one  torrid  afternoon  in  June,  1935 ;  by  dig- 
ging among  the  rotting  debris,  the  larvae  were  unearthed.  It 
is  obvious  that  the  insect  is  not  particularly  addicted  to  any 
given  host  and  may  attack  others  than  those  thus  far  noted. 
Platycerus  viriditinctus  n.  sp. 

(?  Robust,  convex,  ebony  black,  nitid,  dorsum  with  obscure 
greenish  tinge;  a  member  of  the  aggassizi  group,  its  nearest 
relative  being  P.  opacus  Fall  3,  with  which  species  it  is  com- 
pared throughout. 

Head  transverse,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  anterad  nearly 
straight,  antero-lateral  angles  rounded  and  feebly  emarginate, 
canthus  short  and  parallel,  eyes  fairly  large,  convex,  base  gent- 
ly rounded ;  anteocular  bosses  prominent ;  cribrate-punctate 
(similar  to  opacus,  but  shallower  and  more  clearly  denned), 
punctuation  becoming  larger  towards  the  base.  Antennae  short, 
fairly  stout,  with  scape  and  f unicle  piceous,  nitid ;  scape  one- 
third  the  length  of  antenna,  slightly  bent ;  f  unicle  six-segmented, 
sparsely  setose,  first  segment  pear-shaped,  twice  as  long  as  the 
second ;  second  globular  and  distinctly  longer  than  the  succeed- 
ing segment,  third,  fourth  and  fifth  of  equal  length,  dilated  to- 
wards front,  sixth  as  long  as  the  fifth,  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
produced  anterad  into  a  point ;  clava  of  three  segments,  longer 
than  the  funicle,  spongiose,  rufous,  sub-opaque,  first  two  seg- 
ments of  equal  length,  produced  anterad  into  a  lobe,  ultimate 
segment  irregular  in  outline  and  twice  as  long  as  the  preced- 
ing segment.  Mandibles  sickle-shaped,  simple. 

Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  frontad  hollowed, 
antero-lateral  angles  subacute  (opacus  more  blunt),  sides  gently 
rounded  to  basal  third  (opacus  more  broadly  arcuate),  thence 
sinuous  to  the  acuminate  basal  angles,  base  concave  (opacus 
straight)  ;  punctuation  cribriform  (in  opacus  larger  and  closer), 
disc  with  a  frontal  median  impression,  lateral  margins  esplan- 


2Blatchley,  W.  S. :  Coleop.  of  Indiana,  pn.  903-909,  1910.  Cosens. 
A.:  52  Annual  Rep.,  Ent.  Soc.  Ontario,  pp.  12-13,  1922.  Saunders,  W. : 
Can  Ent.  13:  118,  1881. 

3  Fall,  Henry  C. :  Ent.  News,  17:  393,  1906. 


Hii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  123 

ate  and  gently  reflexed.  Scutellum  broader  than  long,  apex 
rounded,  base  strongly  punctured.  Elytra  nearly  three  times 
the  length  of  pronotum,  5  mm  wide  and  6.5  mm  long,  basad 
ante-humeral  area  strongly  depressed,  humeri  rounded,  diverg- 
ing to  posterior  third,  thence  gently  rounded  to  apex,  surface 
uneven,  linearly  punctulate  (in  opacus  confused).  Legs  slen- 
der, black,  nitid;  tibia  with  rows  of  golden  setae;  anterior  tibiae 
distad  with  broad  furcation  and  six  unequal  serrations;  inter- 
mediate tibiae  serrate  the  full  length  with  eight  serrations  (opa- 
cus  with  two  to  three  short,  centrally  situated  spines),  posterior 
tibia?  with  five  feeble  serrations  (in  opacus  simple)  ;  tarsi  slen- 
der and  as  long  as  the  tibiae,  piceous,  with  short,  ventral,  golden 
setae ;  claws  large,  simple.  Beneath,  black,  nitid,  sparsely  punc- 
tured throughout,  with  punctuation  on  abdominal  segments  fin- 
er and  denser;  mouth  parts  piceous,  glabrous. 

Dimensions:  length  (with  mandib.)  10.5  mm;  width  (broad- 
est part  of  elytra)  5  mm.  Female  unknown. 

Holotypes  $  ,  Stayton,  OREGON,  V-3-1941,  in  the  wriler's 
collection,  accession  number  5362.  Paratopotype :  $  ,  same 
data  as  holotype,  in  the  cabinet  of  Mr.  K.  M.  Fender,  McMinn- 
ville,  Oregon. 

Described  from  2  $  $  ,  captured  by  Kenneth  M.  and  Doro- 
thy L.  Fender,  to  whom  thanks  are  due  for  this  valuable  addi- 
tion to  the  meager  series  of  western  Platyccrus  in  the  writer's 
reference  collection. 

DORCUS  BREVIS  (Say).  Subsequent  to  the  publication  of 
"Some  Notes  on  Boreal  American  Dorcinae" 4  I  have  been 
presented  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Wolcott,  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  Chicago,  with  an  excerpt  from  the  Proceedings, 
Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,  30:  201,  1922,  in 
which  is  recorded  data  on  some  beetles  taken  and  exhibited  by 
Mr.  J.  W.  Angell.  Among  these  is  noted  Dorcus  minus  Csy, 
found  at  Lakehurst,  New  Jersey,  August  15,  1914,  by  F.  M. 
Shott.  Checking  my  records  I  find  that  the  insect  in  question 
is  D.  brcvis  (Say)  and  is  so  recorded  in  my  "Notes",  vide  p.  13. 
Additional  localities  discovered  since  the  publication  of  the 
"Notes"  are:  Maryland:  Md,  in  Carnegie  Museum  collection; 
Kansas:  Ks,  Univ.  of  Minnesota  collection;  Michigan:  Stevens- 
ville,  7-22-34,  Benesh  collection,  ace.  No.  4538,  ex-coll.  Dybas 
and  Seevers. 

1  Benesh,  B. :  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  63 :  1-16,  1937. 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

New  Cerambycidae  with  Notes  (Coleoptera) 

By  JOSEF  N.  KNULL,  The  Ohio  State  University, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

Anoplocurius  altus  n.  sp. 

$  . — Size  and  Form  of  A.  canotiae  Fishr.,  light  brown  in 
color,  shining,  long  flying  hairs  on  both  surfaces,  legs  and 
antennae. 

Head  convex,  transversely  depressed  above  clypeus;  surface 
crenulate;  eyes  large,  coarsely  granulate;  antennae  extending 
over  four  joints  beyond  apex  of  elytra,  eleven-jointed,  scape 
stout,  second  joint  longer  than  wide,  third  joint  longer  than 
first  two  together,  fourth  slightly  shorter  than  third,  fifth 
longer  than  fourth,  joints  six  and  seven  gradually  increasing  in 
length,  seven,  eight  and  nine  equal,  ten  shorter  than  nine, 
eleven  equal  to  nine,  scape  and  second  joint  with  coarse  punc- 
tures, third  joint  not  spinose. 

Pronotum  longer  than  broad,  widest  back  of  middle,  base 
and  apex  of  about  equal  width ;  disk  convex ;  surface  crenulate. 
Scutellum  triangular,  punctures  small. 

Elytra  wider  than  pronotum ;  sides  subparallel,  apices  trunc- 
ate; surface  coarsely  punctured,  punctures  separated  by  more 
than  their  own  diameters,  short  sparse  pubescence  intermixed 
with  long  flying  hairs. 

Abdomen  coarsely  punctured ;  first  ventral,  tumid  at  middle, 
fringed  with  long  pubescence.  Legs  slender,  femora  clavate. 

Length  7.8  mm. ;  width  1.9  mm. 

$  . — Antennae  extending  over  two  joints  beyond  apex  of 
elytra,  third  joint  not  spinose.  First  segment  of  abdomen 
simple. 

Holotypc  male  and  allotypc  collected  in  Davis  Mountains. 
TEXAS,  July  2,  1940.  Paratypes  from  the  same  locality  ranging 
in  dates  from  June  6  to  July  6,  D.  J.  and  J.  N.  Knull  collectors. 
All  specimens  from  oak.  Holotype,  allotype  and  paratypes  in 
writer's  collection.  Paratypes  in  The  Ohio  State  University 
collection,  including  one  from  the  Wenzel  collection  from 
Texas. 

The  following  key  will  serve  to  separate  the  three  known 
species  in  the  genus. 

A.      Antennae  twelve-jointed canotiae  Fishr. 

AA.  Antennae  eleven-jointed 

B.      Third  joint  of  antennae  spinose  at  tip  in  both 

sexes incoinplctus  Lins. 

BB.  Third  joint  of  antennae  not  spinose.   altus  n.  sp. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Perigracilia  delicata  n.  sp. 

Form  of  P.  tennis  Lins.,  slender,  cylindrical,  opaque,  fuscous, 
pubescence  minute,  inconspicuous. 

Head  across  eyes  wider  than  elytra ;  surface  scabrous ;  eyes 
coarsely  granulate,  deeply  emarginate,  upper  lobe  small ;  ter- 
minal palpal  joints  similar,  cylindrical ;  antennae  twice  as  long 
as  insect,  tapering  from  base  to  apex,  scape  stout,  elongate ; 
second  joint  slightly  longer  than  wide;  third  joint  shorter  ihan 
first;  fourth  joint  shorter  than  first;  joints  five  to  eight  inclu- 
sive increasing  in  length;  joints  nine,  ten  and  eleven  equal  in 
length,  each  shorter  than  eighth;  twelfth  joint  longer  than 
eleventh;  first  four  joints  rugose. 

Pronotum  narrower  than  elytra,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  wide, 
base  and  apex  of  equal  width,  widest  in  front  of  base ;  sides 
constricted  back  of  apex,  gradually  expanding  to  basal  fourth, 
then  abruptly  constricted  at  base ;  disk  convex,  a  lateral  depres- 
sion each  side  near  apex ;  surface  rugulose,  granulate  at  base. 
Scutellum  triangular,  granulate. 

Elytra  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  sides  parallel  at  base, 
constricted  in  middle,  expanded  on  apical  fourth,  apices  acutely 
rounded,  suture  at  tip  dehiscent;  disk  flattened,  surface  granu- 
late, covered  with  large  shallow  punctures,  separated  by  more 
than  their  own  diameters. 

Prosternum  long  before  front  coxae;  intercoxal  process  very 
narrow,  pointed  behind ;  coxae  large,  nearly  contiguous ;  middle 
coxae  about  same.  Abdomen  shining,  punctures  fine.  Femora 
clavate.  Hind  tarsus  over  half  the  length  of  tibia,  first  joint 
longer  than  three  following  joints. 

Length:  6  mm.;  width  1.2  mm. 

Described  from  eight  specimens,  probably  ma'es,  collected  at 
light  in  the  Santa  Catalina  Mountains,  Pima  County,  ARIZONA. 
August  5,  1930,  by  Leonora  K.  Gloyd.  Holotypc  and  paratypes 
in  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan.  Paratypes 
in  writer's  collection.  I  am  indebted  to  Miss  A.  L.  Olson  for 
the  privilege  of  describing  this  species. 

Dr.  E.  G.  Linsley  kindly  compared  a  specimen  with  the  type 
of  P.  tcnuis  Lins. 1  and  stated  that  the  new  species  differs  In- 
being  darker  in  color,  head  more  strongly  scabrous,  eyes  more 
convex  and  coarsely  granulate,  third  and  fourth  antennal  seg- 
ments more  robust.  The  relative  proportions  of  the  antennal 


1  E.  G.  Linsley,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  24,  No.  2,  p.  49,  1942. 


226  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

joints  of  the  two  species  are  different. 

ANTHOPHYLAX  VIRIDIS  Lee.  This  species  which  was  treated 
as  a  synonym  of  A.  malachiticus  (Hald.)  by  Hopping2  should 
be  restored  to  specific  standing.  A  large  series  of  both  species 
was  collected  on  the  blossoms  of  mountain  maple  (Acer  spic- 
atum  Lamb.)  in  Sullivan  County,  Pennsylvania.  Many  of  the 
adults  were  in  copulation  when  taken. 

In  the  large  series  of  the  former,  the  femora  are  not  yellow, 
pronotum  usually  darker  than  elytra  and  color  of  elytra  ranging 
from  dark  brown  to  violet,  or  green.  The  last  abdominal  seg- 
ment of  both  sexes  is  emarginate ;  the  middle  area  is  concave  in 
the  female  and  raised  in  the*  male. 

In  A.  malachiticus  (Hald.)  the  femora  are  yellow,  pronotum 
same  color  as  elytra  and  color  ranging  from  bright  green  to 
blue.  The  last  abdominal  segment  of  both  sexes  is  truncate  and 
is  not  modified.  These  characters  appear  to  agree  with  speci- 
mens from  other  localities  too. 

Taranomis  linsleyi  n.  sp. 

$ . — Resembling  Perarthrus  vittatus  Lee.  in  appearance, 
robust,  head,  thorax,  scutellum,  abdomen  and  tarsi  black,  three 
longitudinal  stripes  on  each  elytron  and  antennae  dark  brown, 
legs  light  brown,  elytra  yellow. 

Head  convex;  surface  coarsely  punctured,  shining,  pubes- 
cence long;  eyes  finely  granulate;  antennae  twelve- jointed, 
extending  over  five  joints  beyond  apex  of  elytra,  scape  stout, 
second  joint  as  long  as  broad,  third,  fourth  and  fifth  equal,  each 
longer  than  first  two  together,  joints  six  to  eleven  inclusive 
about  same  length,  twelfth  longer  than  eleventh,  pubescence 
very  short. 

Pronotum  narrower  than  elytra,  widest  in  middle,  wider  than 
long,  narrower  at  apex  than  at  base ;  sides  broadly  rounded  from 
base  to  apex;  disk  flattened;  surface  shining,  punctures  small, 
sparse,  dense  recumbent  white  pubescence  along  sides,  with 
intermixed  long  flying  hairs,  central  portion  glabrous.  Scutel- 
lum declivous  in  front,  triangular,  with  long  pubescence. 

Elytra  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  widest  across  humeri ; 
sides  subparallel,  apices  sinuate  forming  a  tooth  along  suture 
and  on  outer  edge ;  disk  convex,  two  longitudinal  smooth 
costae  on  each  elytron,  also  a  humeral  depression ;  surface 

2  Ralph  Hopping,  Bui.  85,  pt.  II.  Can.  Dept.  Mines  and  Resources, 
p.  15,  1937. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  227 

coarsely    densely    punctured,    pubescence    short,    longer    flying 
hairs  at  base. 

Ventral  surface  clothed  with  dense  white  recumbent  pubes- 
cence with  intermixed  longer  flying  hairs. 

Length  :  1 1.8  mm. ;  width  3.7  mm. 

9  . — Differs  from  the  male  by  the  antennae  extending  only 
a  part  of  a  joint  beyond  apex  of  elytra,  eleven-jointed. 

Holotype  male  and  allotyfc  female  collected  at  Phoenix, 
ARIZONA,  May  2,  1925,  by  R.  H.  Crandall,  in  collection  of  the 
writer.  Other  paratypes  are  California :  4  miles  E.  Edom, 
Riverside  County,  April  17,  1937,  E.  G.  Linsley,  and  White- 
water, April  17,  1937,  A.  E.  Michelbacher,  in  collection  of  Dr. 
E.  G.  Linsley,  Arizona:  Florence,  April  21,  1935,  F.  H.  Parker 
and  Ajo  Mountain,  March  19,  April  20,  E.  D.  Ball,  in  writer's 
collection. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  species  for  Dr.  Linsley,  who 
has  loaned  material  for  study. 

It  can  be  separated  from  T.  bivittata  (Dup.)  by  the  pronotum 
being  more  rounded,  less  coarsely  punctured  and  lack  of  strong 
elytral  costa,  as  well  as  lack  of  protuberant  mesosternum.  From 
T.  pallida  (Schffr.)  it  differs  in  the  above  pronotal  characters. 
Schaeffer  3  states  that  the  antennae  of  both  sexes  are  twelve- 
jointed  and  color  of  pronotum  red. 

LEPTOSTYLUS  ARCUATUS  Lee.  After  examining  the  type  of 
this  species  I  am  convinced  that  L.  floridanus  Champ.  &  Knull 
is  the  same. 

ONCIDERES  CORNUTICEPS  Schffr.  Specimens  of  this  form 
identified  by  Schaeffer  were  examined  and  found  to  be  what  I 
had  recorded4  as  Lochmacoclcs  tcsscllatus  (Thorns.)  from 
Acacia  at  Brownsville,  Texas. 


OBITUARY 

Mr.  PHILIP  LAURENT,  oldest  member  of  the  American  Kntn- 
mological  Society  in  point  of  election  thereto  (  January  _'X. 
ISXO).  died  at  his  home,  Alt.  Airy.  Philadelphia,  on  June  17, 
1942.  We  hope  to  present  a  notice  of  him  in  a  later  number 
of  the  NEWS. 

3  C.F.A.  Schaffer,  Bui.  Brook  Inst.  I,  p.  132,  1905. 
4Ent.  News  48,  p.  42,  1937. 


228  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

NEW  ADDITION  TO  LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS. 

127.     Proceedings,    8th    American    Scientific    Congress.      Vol.    Ill    Biological 
Sciences.      Washington,    1942.      Date    of    publication    August    3,    1942 
(private  communication  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Congress.) 

GENERAL — Allen,  K.  R. — Comparison  of  bottom  faunas 
as  sources  of  available  fish  food.  [Trans.  Amer.  Fish.  Soc.] 
1941:  275-283.  Anon. — -Good  insects  [Penna.  Game  News] 
13  (5)  :  12,  20  ill.  Bondar,  G. — A  entomologia  das  flores 
de  palmeiras  [127]  3:  297-302.  Bradley,  J.  C.— The  origin 
and  significance  of  metamorphosis  and  wings  among 
insects  [127]  3:  303-309,  ill.  Chagnon,  G.  &  Fournier,  O.— 
Les  Ordres  d'Insectes.  [98]  69  (4-5):  128-142,  ill.  (k). 
Champlain,  A.  B. — Log  of  Rattlesnake  Shack  [Penna.  Game 
News]  13  (5)  :  8-10,  ill.  Chardon,  C.  E.— On  the  origin  of 
the  flora  and  fauna  in  the  upper  zones  of  the  equatorial 
Andes  [127]  3:  35-36.  Emerson,  A.  E. — Basic  comparisons 
of  human  and  insect  societies.  [Biol.  Symposia  Lancaster, 
Pa.]  8:  163-176.  Ferris,  G.  F. — The  American  commission 
on  scientific  nomenclature  in  entomology.  [68]  95  (2476)  : 
598.  Froggatt,  Walter  Wilson.— Obituary  by  A.  B.  W. 
[Proc.  Linnean  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales]  67  (1-2)  :" 77-81.  Fulcher, 
G.  S. — A  grasshopper  problem  in  mechanics  [68]  95  (2475)  : 
577.  Henriksen,  K.  L. — Obituary  by  N.  A.  Kemner.  [Opus- 
cula  Entomologica]  6  (2-4)  :  80.  Howell,  H.  H.— Bottom 
organisms  in  fertilized  and  unfertilized  fish  ponds  in  Ala- 
bama. [Trans.  Amer.  Fish.  Soc.]  1941  :  165-179.  Knowlton, 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  229 

G.  F.  &  Harmston,  F.  C. — 'Insect  food  of  the  ruck  wren. 
[120.]  3  (1):  22.  Leonard,  J.  W. — Some  observations  on 
the  winter  feeding  habits  of  brook  trout  fingerlings  in  rela- 
tion to  natural  food  organisms  present.  [Trans.  Amer.  Fish. 
Soc.]  1941 :  219-227.  Dr.  H.  P.  Loding,  1869-1942,  Obituary 
by  G.  P.  Engelhardt.  [19]  37  (2)  :  50-51,  portrait.  Martin,  j. 
P. — Stem  galls  of  sugar-cane  induced  with  insect  extracts. 
[68]  96  (2480)  :  39.  Macleay,  Alexander,  and  Macleay,  Wil- 
liam— Biographies  by  A.  B.  Walkom  [Proc.  Linnean  Soc. 
N.  S.  Wales]  67  (1-2)  :  v-vii,  vii-xv.  Munro,  J.  A. — Studies 
of  waterfowl  in  British  Columbia,  buffle-head.  [Canad.  Jour. 
Res.]  20  D  (6):  133-160.  [Insect  food  of  this  bird,  pp.  153- 
158.]  Murrill,  W.  A. — Species  making.  [Amer.  Botanist] 
48  (3)  :  79-82.  Needham,  P.  R.  &  Sumner,  F.  K.— Fish  man- 
agement problems  of  high  western  lakes  with  returns  from 
marked  trout  planted  in  Upper  Angora  Lake,  California. 
[Trans.  Amer.  Fish.  Soc.]  1941  :  249-269.  Park,  T—  Integra- 
tion in  infra-social  insect  populations.  [Biol.  Symposia, 
Lancaster,  Pa.]  8:  121-138,  ill.  Petch,  T.— Notes  on  ento- 
mogenous  fungi.  [Brit.  Mycol.  Soc.  Trans.]  25  (3)  :  250-265. 
Raney,  E.  C.  &  Lachner,  E.  A. — Autumn  food  of  recently 
planted  young  brown  trout  in  small  streams  of  central  New 
York.  [Trans.  Amer.  Fish.  Soc.]  1941:  106-111.  Sherborn, 
Charles  Davies — Obituary  by  J.  R.  Norman.  [31]  150 
(3796)  :  146-147.  Stage,  H.  H.  &~Hyslop,  J.  A.— Origin  and 
spread  of  important  insect  pests  of  animals.  [Yearbook,  U. 
S.  Dept.  Agric.  1942]  :  203-208.  Vladykov,  V.  D.  &  Gauth- 
ier,  C. — Nourriture  des  jeunes  achigans  (Micropterus  dolo- 
mieu)  dans  la  region  de  Montreal  [Insect  food  of  this  fish] 
[Annales  de  1'ACFAS]  8:  110. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Crescitelli,  F.  and 
T.  Jahn — Oscillatory  electrical  activity  from  insect  com- 
pound eye.  [Jour.  Cell,  and  Comp.  Physiol.]  19:  47-66. 
Dethier,  V.  G. — The  dioptric  apparatus  of  lateral  ocelli. 
I.  The  conical  lens.  [Jour.  Cell,  and  Comp  Physiol.]  19: 
301-314.  Fraenkel,  G.  &  Blewett,  M. --Biotin,  Bj.  ribo- 
flavin,  nicotinic  acid,  B,;  and  panthotheic  acid  as  growth 
factors  for  insects  [31]  150  (3797)  :  177-178.  Jack,  R.  W.- 
The  life  economy  of  a  tsetse  fly.  [Proc.  Rhodesia  Sri. 
Assoc.]  39:  43-60.  Jackson,  H.  W. — Morphology  and  hist- 
ogenesis  of  the  blood  of  the  mealworm  (Tenebrio  molitor 
L.)  ;  Origin  of  the  midgut  in  T.  Molitor.  [Va.  Jour.  Sci.]  1 
(7):  221-2;  222.  1940.  Jacobson,  H.— Ueber  die  Sprung- 
muskulatur  des  Uferschwalbenflohes,  Ceratophyllus  styx 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

Roths  [46]  37  (1):  144-154,  ill.  1940.  Koch,  A.— Ueber  die 
vermeintliche  Bakteriensymbiose  von  Tribolium  (Tene- 
brionidae),  ein  Beitrag  zur  Oenocytenfrage.  [46]  37  (1)  : 
38-62,  ill.  1940.  Lotmar,  R. — Das  Mitteldarmepithel  von 
Tineola  biselliella  wahrend  der  Metamorphose.  [41]  18  (9- 
10)  :  445-455,  ill.  Ludwig,  D.  and  Anderson,  J.  M.— Effects 
of  different  humidities,  at  various  temperatures,  on  the 
early  development  of  four  Saturniid  moths,  and  on  the 
weights  and  water  contents  of  their  larvae.  [84]  23  (3) : 
259-274,  ill.  Liidtke,  H. — Die  embryonale  und  postembry- 
onale  Entwicklung  des  Auges  bei  Notonecta  glauca  (Heter- 
optera),  zugleich  ein  Beitrag  zum  Wachstums-  und  Hau- 
tungs-  problem.  [46]  37  (1)  :  1-37,  ill.  1940.  Metcalf,  R.  L. 
and  R.  L.  Patton — A  study  of  riboflavin  metabolism  in  the 
American  Roach  by  fluorescence  microscopy.  [Journal  Cell, 
and  Comp.  Physiol.]  19:  373-374.  Pettit,  L.  C.— A  transi- 
tory membrane  in  the  formation  of  midgut  in  the  cock- 
roach, Blatella  germanica.  [Va.  Jour.  Sci.]  2  (6)  :  187.  1941. 
Pilkington,  R.  W. — Facet  mutants  of  Drosophila.  [93]  111 
(A)  (3-4)  :  199-222,  ill.  Ris,  H.— A  cytological  and  experi- 
mental analysis  of  the  meiotic  behavior  of  the  univalent  X- 
chromosome  in  the  bearberry  aphid  Tamalia  (Phyllaphis) 
coweni  (Ckll.)  [42]  90:  267-322.  Seitz,  W.— Zur  Frage 
des  Extremitatencharakters  der  Tracheenkiemen  von  Sialis 
flavilatera  L.  im  Rahmen  allgemeiner  biologischer  Unter- 
suchungen  [46]  37  (2)  :  214-275,  ill.  1940.  Smallman,  B.  N. 
—Quantitative  characters  of  the  growth  and  development 
of  a  paurometabolous  insect,  Dixippus  (Carausius)  morosus 
Br.  et  Redt.  I.  The  loss  of  water  in  relation  to  ecdysis. 
[Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Edinburgh  B]  61  (2):  167-185,  ill.  tan- 
nenbaum,  L.  W. — Note  on  the  mesothoracic  spiracle  of  the 
mormon  cricket.  [19]  37  (2):  72.  Tauber,  O.  E.  &  Clare, 
S. — Circulation  in  the  wings  of  the  cockroach,  Blatella  ger- 
manica, IV.  Circulation  in  unsclerotized  wings  under  nor- 
mal and  experimental  conditions.  [Trans.  Amer.  Micros. 
Soc.]  61  (3)  :  290-296,  ill.  Tulloch,  G.  S.,  &  Goldman,  M.- 
The  Malphighian  tubules  of  Aedes  aegypti  L.  [19]  37  (2): 
52-55.  ill.  Wigglesworth,  V.  B. — The  storage  of  protein, 
fat,  glycogen  and  uric  acid  in  the  fat-body  and  other  tissues 
of  mosquito  larvae.  [Jour.  Expt.  Biol.]  19:  56-78.  Wil- 
liams, C.  M. — The  effects  of  temperature  gradients  on  the 
pupal-adult  transformation  of  silkworms.  [Biol.  Bull.]  82 
(3)  :  347-355.  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA^Brazil,  V.— Con- 
sideraqoes  gerais  sobre  a  biologia  dos  animais  pec.onhentos. 


liil,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  231 

[127]  3:  311-322.  Browning,  H.  C.— The  relation  of  instar 
length  to  the  external  and  internal  environment  in  Tegen- 
aria  atrica  [93]  111  (A)  (3-4)  :  303-317.  Causey,  N.  B.-  New 
Lithobiid  centipedes  from  North  Carolina  [Jour.  E.  Mitchell 
Sc.  Soc.]  58  (1)  :  79-83,  ill.  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— New  milli- 
peds  from  Michoacan.  [95J  55:  57-62,  ill.  Eddy,  G.  W.  & 
Joyce,  C.  R. — Ticks  collected  on  the  Tama  (Iowa)  Indian 
Reservation  with  notes  on  other  species.  [Iowa  State  Col- 
lege Journal  of  Science]  16  (4)  :  539-543.  Ewing,  H.  E.  & 
Nesbitt,  H.  H.  S. — Some  notes  on  the  taxonomy  of  grain 
mites  (Acarina  :  Acaridae,  formerly  Tyroglyphidae)  [95] 
55:  121-124.  Gertsch,  W.  J.  and  Archer,  A'  F.— Descrip- 
tions of  new  American  Theridiidae  [40]  1171:  1-16,  ill. 
Goodnight,  C.  J.  and  M.  L. — Phalangids  from  British  Gui- 
ana. [40]  1167:  1-13,  ill.  (*);— Phalangids  from  Central 
America  and  the  West  Indies.  [40]  1184:  1-23,  ill.  (*). 
Mazzotti,  L. — Los  Ornithodoros  de  Mexico  y  su  relacion 
con  la  fiebre  recurrente.  [Revista  Inst.  Salubr.  Enfermed. 
Trop.,  Mexico]  3  (1):  47-52.  Penn,  G.  H.,  Jr.— The  life 
history  of  Porocephalus  crotali.  a  parasite  of  the  Louisiana 
muskrat.  [Journ.  Parasitol.]  28  (4)  :  277-283,  ill.  Pierce,  W. 
D. — Fauna  and  flora  of  the  El  Segundo  sand  dunes.  12. 
Utilization  of  the  black  widow  parasite  and  further  data  on 
spiders  and  parasites.  [38]  41  (1)  :  14-28.  Radford,  C.  D.- 
The  larval  Trombiculinae  (Acarina,  Ttombidiidae)  with 
descriptions  of  twelve  new  species.  [116]  34  (1):  55-81,  i'l. 
(k).  Rey,  A. — Seconde  ponte  apres  alteration  du  coon 
chez  1'Araignee  labvrinthe  (Agelena  labyrinthica  Clerck)  ; 
Le  tissage  de  la  toile  apres  suppression  de^  pattc-  i»'><ter- 
ieures  chez  Araneus  ciuadratus  (Clerck).  [Comnte  Rendu 
Soc.  Phys.  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve]  59  (1)  :  63-66,  66-68  Schnei- 
der, H. — Untersuchungen  iiber  die  Acara])is — Milben  dcr 
Honiirbiene.  Die  Fliigel-  und  Hinterleib'smilbe.  [41  |  18 
(6^1  :  318-327,  ill.  1941.  '  Spurlock,  G.  M.  &  Emlen,  T.  T.,  Jr. 
— Hypodectes  chapini  n.  sp.  (Acarina)  from  the  red-shafted 
flicker.  [Journ.  Parasitol.]  28  (4):  341-344.  Truman,  L.  C. 
—A  list  of  spiders  collected  in  western  Pennsylvania. 
[Proc.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  16:  25-28.  Wallace.  H."  K.— A 
study  of  the  lenta  group  of  the  genus  Lvcosa.  with  descrip- 
tions of  new  species.  [40]  1185:  1-21,  ill. 

^  THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS— Auguston. 
G.  F. — The  allotype  of  Amphipsylla  neotnmne  1.  Fox.  1('!(> 
CSiphonaptera  :  Dolichopsyllidae).  |38|  41  (1):  3'»  II.  ill. 
Bonet,  F. — Sobre  algunos  Pmturos  de  Mexico.  [Cirnri;i, 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

Mex.  City]  3  (1):  14-17  (*)  ;  Notas  synonymicas  sobre  el 
orden  Colembolos.  [Ciencia,  Mexico]  3  (2):  56-59  (*). 
Calvert,  P.  P. — Increase  in  knowledge  of  the  Odonate 
fauna  of  Mexico,  Central  America  and  the  West  Indies 
since  1908.  [127]  3:  323-331.  Clay,  T.— Genera  and  species 
of  Mallophaga  occurring-  on  gallinaceous  hosts  [93]  110  (B) 
(1-2):  1-120,  ill.  (*).  Emerson,  A.  E.— The  relations  of  a 
relict  South  African  termite  (Stolotermes).  [40]  1187:  1-12, 
ill.  Jacobson,  H. — See  Anatomy  &  Physiology.  Jellison, 
W.  L. — Host  distribution  of  lice  on  native  American  rodents 
north  of  Mexico  [Journ.  Mamm.]  23  (3)  :  245-250.  (Mallo- 
phaga  &  Anoplura).  Jordan,  K. — On  Parapsyllus  and  some 
closely  related  genera  of  Siphonaptera  [Eos]  18  (1)  :  7-29 
(k*).  Roudabush,  R.  L. — Parasites  of  the  American  Coot 
(Fulica  americana)  in  central  Iowa.  [Iowa  State  College 
Journal  of  Science]  16  (4)  :  437-441.  Seitz,  W.— See  Anat- 
omy &  Physiology.  Vladykov,  V.  D. — Remarques  sur  la 
biologic  du  "scorpion",  Corydalis  cornuta,  dans  la  riviere 
Chateauguay.  [Annales  de  1'ACFAS]  8:  109.  von  Hagen, 
V.  W. — Natural  history  of  termites  II.  [Scientific  Month- 
ly] 55:  29-51.  Weber,  N.  A. — A  neuropterous  myrmeco- 
phile,  Nadiva  valida.  Erichs.  [5]  49  (1-2)  :  1-3,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA. — Coleman,  E. — Notes  on  the  great 
brown  stick-insect.  [Victorian  Naturalist,  Melbourne]  59 
(3)  :  46-48,  ill.  Cros,  A. — Blatta  orientalis  et  ses  parasites 

I.  Evania  punctata   Brulle;   II   Eulophus   sp.   Etude   biolo- 
gique.  [Eos]   18  (1)  :  45-66,  ill.     Grayson,  J.  McD.— Colora- 
tion studies  on  Melanoplus  bivittatus  Say.   [Va.  Jour.  Sci.] 
2  (6)  :  184-5  (abstr.).  1941.    Haydak,  M.  H.— Rearing  grass- 
hoppers under  laboratory  conditions.  [68]  95  (2478)  :  657-8. 
Henderson,    W.    W. — The    genus    Hesperotettix    in    Utah. 
[120]  3  (1):  9-21.     Liebermann,  J. — -Nahuella  rubriventris, 
nuevo  genero  y  nueva  especie  Argentina  del  grupo  Jivari 
(Acrid.    Cyrtacanth.)     [Anales    Mus.    Argent.    Cienc.    Nat., 
Buenos  AiVes]  40:  303-316,  ill.  (k.). 

HEMIPTERA.— Drake,  C.  J.  &  Poor,  M.  E.— Four  new 
Tingitidae  from  Argentina.  [Anales  Mus.  Argent.  Cien. 
Nat.,  Buenos  Aires]  40:  299-302.  Froeschner,  R.  C.— Con- 
tributions to  a  synopsis  of  the  Hemiptera  of  Missouri,  pt. 

II,  Coreidae,  Aradidae,  Neididae.  [119]  27  (3):  591-609,  ill. 
(k.)     Kay,  M.  W. — A  study  of  Herpetomonas  leptocoridis 
(McCulloch)  of  the  alimentary  canal  of  the  box  elder  bug, 
Leptocoris  trivittatus  (Say).  |Jour.  I'arasitol.  |  (>1   (2):  120- 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  233 

130,  ill.  Knowlton,  G.  F. — Aphicls  from  Mount  Timpano- 
gos,  Utah  [120]  3(1):  5-8,  ill.  (k*).  Kullenberg,  B.— Uber 
Farbenveranderungen  unter  den  Wanzen.  [83]  33B  (7)  :  1-5. 
Larsen,  O. — Zur  Biologic  von  Rhacognathus  punctatus  L. ; 
Die  Autotomie  der  Capsiden.  [Kungl.  Fysiografiska  Salls- 
kapets  i  Lund  Fdrhandlingar]  11:  175-188,  ill..  241-253,  ill. 
Liidtke,  H. — See  Anatomy  and  Physiology.  Pelaez,  D.— 
Un  nuevo  Spiniger  mexicano  del  subgenero  Opisthacidius 
Berg  (Reduv.)  [Ciencia,  Mexico]  3  (2)  :  60-63,  ill.  Popham, 

E.  J. — The  variation  in  the  colour  of  certain  species  of  Arc- 
tocorisa  (Corixidae)  and  its  significance.  [93]  111  (A)  (3-4): 
135-172,  ill.     Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.  de  la.— Notes  on  Arhaphe 
cicindeloides  Walker  and  Japetus  mimeticus   Barber.    [19] 
37  (2) :  68-69. 

Wene,  G.,  &  Dominick,  C.  B. — A  checklist  of  the  Cicadel- 
lidae  at  Chatham,  Virginia,  with  13  new  records  for  the 
State.  [Va.  Jour.  Sci.]  2  (5):  122-123,  1941. 

LEPIDOPTERA— Beirne,  B.  P.— The  morphology  of 
the  female  genitalia  of  the  Lepidoptera  [21]  54  (7-8):  81- 
83,  ill.  Blanchard,  E.  E. — See  Diptera.  Bottimer,  L.  J.— 
Brief  notes  on  two  recently  described  species  of  Mompha. 
[38]  41  (1):  48.  Brown,  F.  M. — Animals  above  timberline 
Colorado  and  Ecuador.  [Colorado  College  Publ.  Gen. 
Series  223,  study  series  33]  1-29.  Carpenter,  G.  D.  H.— The 
relative  frequency  of  beak-marks  on  butterflies  of  different 
edibility  to  birds'!  [93]  111  (A)  (3-4)  :  223-231.  Chermock, 

F.  H.  &  R.  L. — Two  new  subspecies  of  Cercyonis  alope. 
[Proc.   Penna.  Acad.   Sci.]    16:   58-59.     Chermock,   R.  L.- 
Notes  on   collecting  Argynnis   diana.    [Proc.   Penna.   Acad. 
Sci.]    16:  59-61.     Clench,  "H.  K. — A  new  Bahantan  Eurema 
(Pieridae).    [115]    16   (1) :   1-.     Comstock,  J.  A.  and  Dam- 
mers,  C.  M. — Notes  on  the  life  histories  of  two  California 
moths.   [38]  41   (1)  44-47,  ill.     Comstock,  W.  P.— Thp  gen- 
era of  the  Systema  Glossatorum  of  Fabricius.   [19]   37  (2): 
46-49.     Daviault,  L. — Description  et  biologic  de  deux  Lepi- 
dopteres    nuisiblcs    a    1'ornie.    [98]    69    (6-7):    145-157,    ill. 
Dethier.  V.  G. — Metamorphoses  of  common  Cuban  Pyrg- 
inae.    [5]   49  (1-2):  4-7;  Notes  on   the  larva  and  chrysalis 
o£  Polites  themistocles  Latr.    [38]  41    (1):  41-43.  ill.  "  Fer- 
riere,  C. — Les  parasites  de  la  teigne  des  vetements.  [41]   18 
(7-8):  374-377.   ill.    1941.     Hayward,   K.    T.— Hesperioidea 
Argentina  XIII.  [106]  134  (1)  :  64-71.  ill.  (*).     Klots,  A.  B. 

-Type  material  of  North  American  Microlepidoptera  ollin 
than  Aegeriidae  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  Hi 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

tory.  [62]  79  (6)  :  391-424.  Lindsey,  A.  W.— A  prelimin- 
ary revision  of  Hesperia.  [Denison  University  Bulletin 
Journ.  Sci.  Lab.]  37  (1-2):  1-50,  ill.  (k*).  Lotmar,  R.- 
Uber  eine  Mikrosporidieninfektion  (Gattung  Nosema)  bei 
der  Kleidermotte,  Tineola  biselliella;  Die  Polyederkrank- 
heit  der  Kleidermotte  T.  biselliella.  [41]  18  (7-8)  :  361-371, 
ill.;  372-373,  ill.  1941.  Maheux,  G.— Sur  les  migrations  lar- 
vaires  des  Lepidopteres  monophages.  [98]  69  (6-7)  :  163-172, 
ill.  Mignault,  J.  B.  &  Gauvreau,  M. — Un  cas  de  gynandro- 
niorphisme  chez  le  Telea  polyphemus.  [Annales  de 
1'ACFAS]  8:  108.  Munroe,  E.  G.— The  Caribbean  races  of 
Anartia  jatrophae  Johansson  (Nymphalidae).  [40]  1179: 
1-4  (*).  Uribe  Piedrahita,  C. — Notas  sobre  el  apparato 
urticante  de  las  larvas  de  Megalopyge  lanata.  [127]  3:  505- 
506.  Urquhart,  F.  A. — Angle-wing  butterflies  [Polygonia]. 
[Canad.  Nature]  4  (4)  :  114-115,  ill.  Williams,  J.  L.— Prob- 
able  parasitic  stalked  bodies  in  adult  Lepidoptera.  [Proc. 
Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  16:  37-38,  ill.  Zeuner,  F.  E.— Two  new 
fossil  butterflies  of  the  family  Pieridae.  [75]  llth  series,  9 
(54) :  409-416. 

DIPTERA.— Aitken,  T.  H.  G.— Contributions  toward  a 
knowledge  of  the  insect  fauna  of  lower  California  No.  6. 
Culicidae.  [61]  24  (6)  :  161-170.  Alexander,  C.  P.— New  or 
little  known  Tipulidae  LXIII,  LXIV.  Neotropical  species 
|75J  llth  Series  9  (53):  338-370;  (54):  424-448.  Audcent, 
H.— Hints  on  the  mounting  of  Diptera  [21]  54  (6):  69-72. 
Bellamy,  R.  E. — Observations  on  the  macroscopic  species- 
identificaton  of  larval  Anopheles  in  Georgia.  [Journ.  Para- 
sitol.]  28  (4)  :  299-310.  Blanchard,  E.  E.— Parasites  de 
Alabama  argillacea  Hbn.  en  la  Republica  Argentina.  [106] 
134  (1):  54-63,  ill.  (k*).  Child,  G.  P.— Temperature  and 
the  differentiation  of  characters  in  Drosophila.  [Biol.  Sym- 
posia, Lancaster,  Pa.]  6:  37-49,  ill.  Fairchild,  G.  B.— Notes 
on  Tabanidae  from  Panama.  V.  The  genus  Tabanus,  sub- 
genus  Bellardia  Rondani.  [5]  49  (1-2)  :  8-16,  ill.  (k*).  Fos- 
dick,  R.  B. — A  malarial  invasion  from  Africa  [Natural  His- 
tory] 50  (2)  :  78-85,  ill.  Gabaldon,  A.  &  Aguilera,  C.— Varia- 
ciones  del  color  de  los  Anofelinos  venezolanos  de  la  subserie 
oswaldoi  (Culicidae).  [127]  3:  389-409.  Goodwin,  M.  H., 
Jr.,  &  Eyles,  D.  E. — Measurements  of  larval  populations  of 
Anopheles  quadrimaculatus.  [84]  23  (3)  :  376.  Gordon,  C. 
and  Sang,  J.  H. — Polygenic  inheritance  and  the  Drosophila 
culture.  [31]  149  (3787):  610-611.  Hull,  F.  M.— Some  new 
species  of  Syrphidae.  [5]  49  (1-2)  :  19-24;  Notes  and  descrip- 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

tions  of  North  American  Strutiomyidae.  [19]  37  (2):  70- 
72.  (*)  ;  The  genus  Ferdinamlea  Rondani  [91]  32  (8)  :  239- 
241.  (k*) ;  Some  flies  of  the  genus  Volucella.  [Proc.  N.  Eng. 
Zool.  Club]  19:  93-98  (S*)  ;  Some  flies  of  the  genus  Meso- 
gramma.  [Proc.  New  Engld.  Zool.  Club)  20:  17-24  (*). 
Imms,  A.  D. — On  Braula  coeca  Nitsch  and  its  affinities 
[116]  34  (1):  88-100.  ill.  Jack,  R.  W.--See  Anatomy  and 
Physiology.  Johnson,  D.  E. — A  new  Cyrtopogon  (Asili- 
dae)  from  Utah.  [120]  3(1):  1-4,  ill.  Mackerras,  I.  M.  and 
Fuller,  M.  E.  (the  late). --The  genus  Pelecorhynchus 
(Tabanoidea).  [Proc.  Linnean  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales]  67  (1-2): 
9-76,  ill.  Marshall,  J.  F. — Mosquito-breeding  in  static 
water  supplies  [31]  149  (3786):  568-570.  Mumford,  E.  P. 
-Mosquitoes,  malaria  and  the  war  in  the  Pacific  [68]  96 
(2487)  :  191-194,  ill.  Patterson,  J.  T. — Isolating  mechanisms 
in  the  genus  Drosophila.  [Biol.  Symposia,  Lancaster,  Pa.] 
6:  271-287.  Philip,  C.  B. — Notes  on  nearctic  Tabaninae.  pt. 
III.  The  Tabanus  lineola  complex.  [5]  49  (1-2)  :  25-40  (k*). 
Pierce,  W.  D. — See  Arachnida.  Pilkington,  R.  W. — See 
Anatomy  and  Physiology.  Porter,  J.  P. — Massospora  tipu- 
lae  sp.  nov.  and  Tipula  triplex  colei  Alexander  subsp.  nov. 
[Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sc.  Soc.]  58  (1)  :  65-68.  Rogers,  J.  S.- 
The  craneflies  (Tipulidae)  of  the  George  Reserve,  Michi- 
gan. [Misc.  Pub.  Mus.  Zool.  Univ.  Mich.]  53:  1-128,  ill. 
Rousseau,  J. — L'interaction  des  genes  de  la  coloration  des 
yeux  chez  le  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [Annales  de  L'- 
ACFAS]  8:  104-105.  Rowe,  J.  A.— Mosquito  light  trap 
catches  from  ten  Iowa  cities,  1940.  [Iowa  State  College 
Journal  of  Science]  16  (4)  :  487-518.  Scott,  J.  W.— Oestrus 
ovis  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bighorn,  Ovis  canadensis. 
[Journ.  Mamm.]  23  (3)  :  345-346.  Slifer,  E.  H.~ A  mutant 
stock  of  Drosophila  with  extra  sex-combs.  [42]  90:  31-40. 
Steyskal,  G. — Notes  on  the  genus  Dolichopus,  paper  2:  A 
curious  habit  of  an  empidid  fly,  further  notes ;  A  note 
on  preparing  Diptera.  [19]  37  (2):  62-67;  67,  69.  Vargas, 
L. — Nota  sobre  la  validez  del  Psorophora  (Psorophora)  vir- 
escens  Dyar  y  Knab,  1906.  [Medicina,  Mexico]  22  (407)  : 
81-84,  ill.;  Notas  sobre  la  importancia  sanitaria  de  los  sim- 
ulidos  y  de  sit  morfologia  interna.  [Rcvista  Tnst.  Salubr. 
Enfermed.  Trop.,  Mexico]  2  (2)  :  213-236,  ill.:  Las  hembras 
americanas  del  subgenero  Anopheles.  [Revista  Inst.  Salubr. 
F.nfermcd.  Trop..  Mexico]  3  (1):  67-74  (k)  :  Nota  sobre  la 
presencia  de  Anopheles  neomaculipalpus  en  Mexico.  [Revis- 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

ta  Inst.  Salubr.  Enfermed.  Trop.,  Mexico]  3  (1)  :  75-79  (k)  ; 
El  Problema  de  las  variedades  de  A[nopheles]  punctipennis 
[Revista  Soc.  Mex.  Hist.  Nat.]  2  (2-3):  175-186,  ill.  Wad- 
dington,  C.  H.  -  -  Body-colour  genes  in  Drosophila ;  The 
pupal  contraction  as  an  epigenetic  crisis  in  Drosophila. 
[93]  111  (A)  (3-4):  173-180,  181-188.  Woodhill,  A.  R.— A 
comparison  of  factors  affecting  the  development  of  three 
species  of  mosquitoes,  Aedes  (Pseudoskusea)  concolor 
Taylor,  Aedes  (Stegomyia)  aegypti  Linnaeus  and  Culex 
(Culex)  fatigans  Wiedemann.  [Proc.  Linnean  Soc.  N.  S. 
Wales]  67  (1-2):  95-97. 

COLEOPTERA.— Boving,  A.  G. — Descriptions  of  the 
larvae  of  some  West  Indian  Melolonthine  beetles  and  a  key 
to  the  known  larvae  of  the  tribe  (50)  92  (3146) :  167-175,  ill. 
Davis,  C. — Oxygen  economy  of  Coxelmis  novemnotata 
(King)  (Dryopidae).  fProc.  Linnean  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales]  67 
( 1-2)  :  1-8,  ill.  Donisthorpe,  H. — Pupal  mandibles  in  the 
Curculionidae.  [21]  54  (5):  57-59.  Fisher,  W.  S.— New 
West  Indian  Cerambycid  beetles,  III.  [Torreia,  Habana] 
10:  1-43.  Saylor,  L.  W. — Notes  on  beetles  related  to  Phyl- 
lophaga  Harris,  with  descriptions  of  new  genera  and  sub- 
genera.  [50]  92  (3145):  157-165,  ill.  (k).  Tanner,  V.  M.- 
Studies  in  the  weevils  of  the  western  United  States  No.  V  : 
a  new  species  of  Miloderoides.  [120]  3  (1):  23-26,  ill.  (k). 

HYMENOPTERA.— Beall,  G.— Mass  movement  of  the 
wasp,  Polistes  fuscatus  var.  pallipes  LeP.  [Canad.  Field 
Nat.]  56  (5):  64-67.  C[hisholm],  A.  H.— The  rainbow 
bird  as  a  bee-eater.  [Victorian  Naturalist]  59  (1):  15. 
Cros,  A. — See  Orthoptera.  Daviault,  L. — La  mouche  a 
scie  europeenne  de  1'epinette  dans  les  forets  du  nord  du 
Saint-Laurent.  [Annales  de  1'ACFAS]  8:  107.  Gaul,  A.  T. 
—Additions  to  vespine  biology.  I.  Notes  on  mating  and 
brood  rearing.  [19]  37  (2):  57-61.  Gregg,  R.  E.— The 
origin  of  castes  in  ants  with  special  reference  to  Pheidole 
morrisi  Forel.  [84]  23  (3)  :  295-308,  ill.  Kinsey,  A.  C.- 
Seasonal  factors  in  gall  wasp  distribution  ;  Isolating  mech- 
anisms in  gall  wasps  [Biol.  Symposia,  Lancaster,  Pa.]  6: 
167-187,  ill.;  251-270,  ill.  Martineau,  R.— fitude  de  popula- 
tion de  la  mouche  a  scie  europeenne  de  1'epinette  dans  la 
province  de  Quebec.  [Annales  de  1'ACFAS]  8:  107.  Mich- 
ener,  C.  D. — The  history  and  behavior  of  a  colony  of  har- 
vester ants.  [Scientific  Monthly],  Sept.,  1942:  248-258,  ill. 
Ouellet,  J. — Odynerus  dilectus  Saussure  dans  la  province 
de  Quebec  (Euminae)  [98]  69  (6-7)  :  161-162.  Pierce,  W. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

D.— See  Arachnida.  Schneider,  H.— See  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Smith,  M.  R.— The  legionary  ants  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  belonging  to  Eciton  subgenus  Neivamyrmex 
Borgmeier.  [119]  27  (3):  537-590,  ill.  (k*).  Will,  H.  C.- 
Sawfly  infestation  in  Pennsylvania.  [Proc.  Penna.  Acad. 
Sci.]  16:  47-51,  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Ceballos,  Gonzalo.— Las  tribus 
de  los  Himenopteros  de  Espana.  Consejo  Superior  de  Inves- 
tigaciones  cientificas.  Institute  Espanol  de  Entomologia, 
Madrid.  1941.  Pp.  1-48,  ill.  To  consist  of  about  300  pages 
and  more  than  300  figs.  Distributed  with  Eos,  17  (4)  and 
following  numbers. 

ATLAS  OF  THE  SCALE  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  By 
G.  F.  FERRIS.  Stanford  University  Press.  Series  IV,  Nos. 
385-448.  Price,  bound  $6.75,  unbound,  $5.75.  Publication 
date  May  28,  1942.  Received  by  Entomological  News  June  4, 
1942.— Nos.  385-444  deal  each  with  a  separate  species,  con- 
tinuing the  treatment  employed  in  the  first  three  series  as  set 
forth  in  the  NEWS  for  May,  1937,  p.  150,  October,  1939,  pp. 
238-239,  and  October,  1941,  pp.  238-239,  respectively.  No. 
445  contains  supplementary  notes,  including  species  not  consid- 
ered in  this  work  for  lack  of  material  or  on  account  of  uncer- 
tain status,  and  disposition  of  species  not  previously  accounted 
for.  No.  446,  The  Family  Diaspididae,  Classification  and  Keys 
to  the  groups  and  species,  70  pp.,  3  pis.,  is  divided  into  four 
sections:  I.  Preliminary  Observations,  II.  The  normal  Dia- 
spidid  pattern,  Habit  and  Morphology,  III.  Classification,  IV. 
Identification  of  the  Diaspididae  occurring  in  North  America. 
No.  447  is  a  four-page  Epilogue  the  last  section  of  which  is 
entitled  "Prognosis".  It  reads :  "These  acknowledgements 
fof  assistance  rendered]  are  here  made  in  detail  because  of  the 
strong  probability  that  this  Atlas  will  be  discontinued  with  the 
publication  of  the  present  series.  In  ordinary  times  it  might 
perhaps  have  been  possible  to  issue  this  work  with  but  little 
financial  loss.  However,  the  disturbed  condition  of  the  world 
has  eliminated  that  possibility  and  the  loss  has  become  exces- 
sive. Consequently,  after  the  publication  of  this  series,  the 
work  will  be  allowed  to  lapse  and  it  will  not  be  resumed  unless 
and  until  some  continuing  support  for  it  appears.  If  it  is 
eventually  continued,  the  "loose  leaf"  form  will  be  abandoned 
and  a  different  procedure  will  be  adopted.  The  writer  stands 
ready  to  do  the  work  that  will  be  involved  in  carrying  the  orig- 
inal project  through  the  six  to  ten  years  more  that  will  be  neces- 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

sary  for  its  completion.  But  no  publisher  can  be  expected  to  un- 
dertake a  work  from  which  financial  loss  is  certain  and  the 
author  cannot  assume  that  loss  himself.  If  the  world  wants  this 
Atlas  of  the  Scale  Insects  of  North  America  completed  the 
world  must  find  some  way  to  pay  for  it."  No.  448  is  a  General 
Index  to  the  four  series. 

In  the  introduction  to  the  first  series,  in  January,  1937,  it 
was  thought  that  the  number  of  species  to  be  treated  would  be 
750,  to  be  published  in  something  less  than  ten  years.  With 
the  termination  of  the  fourth  series,  after  five  years  and  four 
months,  345  species  of  the  Family  Diaspididae  have  been  con- 
sidered, but  the  author  emphasizes  that  this  Atlas  is  nothing 
more  than  a  beginning  in  the  study  of  this  one  family.  It  is  a 
mournful  reflection  that  here  again  is  an  instance,  all  too  com- 
mon in  the  history  of  science  and  of  the  arts,  of  the  failure  to 
complete  an  ambitious  and  worthy  enterprise  through  no  fault 
on  the  part  of  the  author. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 

OBITUARY 

HERMANN  HORNIG,  entomologist  of  the  Reading  Public 
Museum  and  Art  Gallery,  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  died  of  a 
heart  attack  on  June  20,  1942.  He  was  84  years  old,  and  had 
occupied  his  recent  position  for  the  past  15  years,  having  prev- 
iously been  in  the  employ  of  the  Philadelphia  Department  of 
Public  Health  for  a  like  period.  While  in  Philadelphia  he 
was  engaged  in  cleaning  up  some  of  the  mosquito-breeding 
areas  in  south  and  west  Philadelphia. 

He  was  well  known  among  the  entomological  fraternity  in 
Philadelphia  and  Reading,  where  he  spent  so  many  years,  as  an 
affable  and  kindly  gentleman  of  the  old  school.  He  was  par- 
ticularly adept  at  preparing  life-history  groups  of  insects,  es- 
pecially those  of  economic  importance. 

While  his  interest  was  centered  chiefly  in  the  order  Diptera, 
his  work  and  absorbing  interest  gained  him  a  broad  working 
acquaintanceship  with  the  various  orders  of  insects. 

Although  Mr.  Hornig  did  not  have  the  advantage  of  aca- 
demic training  in  entomology  in  his  early  years,  his  training  as 
a  jeweler  and  the  years  of  experience  spent  in  his  trade  fitted 
him  admirably  for  the  delicate  and  painstaking  work  that  he 
accomplished;  and  his  love  for  his  subject,  together  with  a 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  239 

tireless  and  inquiring  turn  of  mind,  ultimately  brought  him  a 
tremendous  fund  of  information  on  the  habits  and  life  histories 
of  many  insects.  This  served  him  in  good  stead  in  his  work, 
and  he  was  frequently  called  upon  to  advise  farmers,  horticultur- 
ists and  others  who  were  beset  with  insect  problems. 

Mr.  Hornig  was  born  November  5,  1858,  in  Altwasser,  Sil- 
esia, of  Ernst  and  Johanna  (Eleanor)  Hornig,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  at  the  age  of  21,  working  at  his  trade  in 
New  York  City  for  two  years.  He  then  came  to  Philadelphia 
and  followed  his  trade  in  one  of  the  large  wholesale  jeweler's 
houses  in  this  city.  His  interests  eventually  brought  him  into 
association  with  many  of  the  local  entomologists,  and  he  became 
active  in  several  of  the  local  entomological  groups  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  and  the  Wagner  Free  In- 
stitute of  Science.  He  also  served  as  president  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Natural  History  Society.  During  his  early  years  he 
occasionally  contributed  papers  to  the  Entomological  News. 

The  life  history  groups,  of  which  he  made  many  during  his 
years  in  Reading,  are  and  will  continue  to  be,  of  great  educa- 
tional value  to  the  schools  and  general  public  with  whom  he 
worked,  and  his  loss  will  long  be  felt  by  his  co-workers  and  the 
visitors  to  the  museum,  many  of  whom  delighted  to  hear  him 
recount  his  experiences  and  tell,  in  his  inimitable  way,  of  the 
strange  activities  of  the  insect  world  as  he  saw  it. 

Mr.  Hornig  is  survived  by  his  widow,  Edna  (Clark)  Hornig. 

EARL  L.  POOLE. 


Dr.  WILLIAM  SCHAUS,  until  recently  honorary  assistant  cur- 
ator of  the  division  of  insects,  United  States  National  Museum 
and  entomologist  in  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant 
Quarantine,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  on  June  20th  last. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  City,  January  11,  1859.  He 
early  became  interested  in  the  Lepidoptera,  and,  possessed  of 
private  means,  made  collections  of  these  and  other  insects  in 
the  American  tropics,  visiting  Guiana  in  1903-04,  Mexico  in 
1906,  Costa  Rica  in  1909-10  and  Guatemala  in  1915-18.  For 
many  years,  on  these  journeys,  at  home  in  London  and  in 


240  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '42 

Washington  and  to  the  hour  of  his  death,  his  constant  friend 
and  companion  was  John  T.  Barnes. 

Nearly  all  of  the  insects  he  collected  went  to  the  National 
Museum  at  Washington,  as  well  as  large  quantities  of  material 
which  he  purchased  from  collectors  all  over  the  world,  partic- 
ularly from  Central  and  South  America  and  including  the  P. 
Dognin  collection  of  Ecuadorian  Lepidoptera  from  France. 
In  fact  he  practically  expended  his  considerable  fortune  in  gifts 
of  this  character  and  of  entomological  books  to  our  govern- 
ment. 

For  many  years  he  worked  at  the  National  Museum  without 
pay,  sharing  the  Macrolepidoptera  with  Dyar  until  the  latter's 
death  (1929)  and  then  in  full  charge,  later  becoming  a  salaried 
official.  He  was  a  prolific  writer  and  described  more  Central 
and  South  American  butterflies  and  moths  than  any  other 
American.  One  of  his  earliest  papers  was  "Descriptions  of 
the  early  stages  of  some  Mexican  Lepidoptera"  (Papilio  3 :  186- 
189.  1883).  In  the  decade  1910-1920  many  of  his  descriptions 
appeared  in  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  of 
London,  but  after  that  time  chiefly  in  American  journals,  includ- 
ing the  Proceedings  of  the  United  States  National  Museum, 
the  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society  and 
Entomological  News  (for  example,  "Two  New  Saturnids  from 
South  America",  in  our  issue  for  January,  1925).  Among  his 
latest  publications  are  two  (1940)  on  moths  of  the  families 
Noctuidae,  Geometridae  and  Pyralididae  in  the  Scientific  Survey 
of  Porto  iRico  and  the  Virgin  Islands,  of  the  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  University  of  Wisconsin  conferred  the  honorary  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  upon  him  in  1921,  and  the  University  of 
Pittsburgh  that  of  Doctor  of  Science  in  1925.  He  was  elected 
a  corresponding  member  of  the  American  Entomological 
Society  on  June  12,  1911  and  a  correspondent  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  on  April  20,  1920. 

He  was  a  kindly  gentleman  who  will  be  mourned  by  many 
of  us,  who  have  shared  in  his  hospitality  and  in  his  collections, 
as  a  personal  loss. 

ROSWELL  C.  WILLIAMS,  Jr. 
PHILIP  P.  CALVERT. 


EXCHANGKS 

This   column  is   intended   only   for   wants   and   exchanges,   not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 

not  exceeding   three   lines   free   to   subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new 
ones  are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the 
top  (being  longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dcpt.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOR    SALE    BY 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1024. — Benesh  (B.). — Some  notes  on  Boreal  American  Dorcinae. 

Lucanidae.   (63:  1-16,  3  pis.,  1937) 30 

1029. — Blaisdell     (F.     E.)  —  Miscellaneous     studies     in     the 

Coleoptera.     No.     5.     Tenebrionidae     and     Melyridae. 

(63:  127-145,  1937) 40 

DIPTERA 

1095.— Bromley  (S.  W.). — Madagascar  robber  flies  with  descr. 

of  n.  sps.  Asilidae.  (68:  11-22,  figs.,  1942)  25 

1096. — Dalmat  (H.  T.). — New  gen.  and  sp.  of  Cuterebridae  from 
Costa  Rica  and  other  taxonomic  notes.  (68:  23-30,  pi., 
1942)  25 

M-10. — Huckett  (H.  C.) — Revision  of  the  No.  Amer.  sps. 
belonging  to  the  gen.  Pegomyia.  Aluscidae.  (Mem  10, 
131,  pp.,  1941) .  3.00 

HYMENOPTERA 

Mitchell  (T.  B.). — Revision  of  the  gen.  Megachile  in  the 

Nearctic  region. 
1026. — Part    6.     Taxonomy    of    subg.    Argyropile,    Leptorachis, 

Pseudocentron,  Acentron  and  Melanosarus.   (63:  45-83, 

2  pis.,  1937) .85 

1031.— Part  7.    Taxonomy  of  the  subg.  Sayapis.   (63;  175-206,  2 

pis.,    1937)    65 

1037.— Part  8.   Taxonomy  of  the  subg.  Chelostomoides,  Addenda 

and  Index.    (63:  381-426,  4  pis.,  1937) 1.00 

1033.— Ries  (D.  T.).— Revision  of  the   Nearctic  Cephidae.     (63: 

259-324,  3  pis.,   1937)  1.50 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1094. — Richards    (A.    G.). — Revision    of   the    sps.    of    Gabara    of 

eastern  U.  S.  Phalaenidae.  (68:  1-10,  pi.,  1942) 20 

NEUROPTERA 

1025. — Denning     (D.      G.).  —  Biology     of     some     Minnesota 

Trichoptera.    (63:   17-43,  pi.,   1937).  .55 

ORTHOPTERA. 

1030. — Hebard  (M.). — New  gen.  and  sps.  of  the  Melanopli  found 

within    the   U.    S.    and    Canada.     Acrididae.     Pts.    10-14. 

(63:  147-173,  2  pis.,  1937) 55 

1036. — Studies  in  Orthoptera  which  occur  in  No.  Am.,  north  of 

the  Mexican  boundary.    Pts.  7-11.    (63:  347-379,  2  pis., 

1937)  75 

1032. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — New  or  little  known  Neotropical 

Blattidae.  No.  4.  (63:  207-258,  5  pis.,  1937) 1.00 

1034. — A  new  subsp.  of  Psoloessa  delicatula.  Acrididae.  (63: 

325-332,  1937)  20 

1035. — Cuban  gen.  Polyancistroides.  Tettigoniidae.  (63:  333-345, 

2  pis.,  1937)  40 

1027. — Rehn  (J.  W.  H.). — On  two  sps,  of  Phasmidae  from 

Colombia,  with  descr.  of  a  n.  sp.  (63:  85-87,  pi.  1937)  .20 
1038. — A  n.  sp.  of  Tonkinacris  from  Szechuan.  Acrididae.  (63: 

427-430,  figs.,  1937) 20 


** 

°-K 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


NOVEMBER,  1942 


Vol.  LIII  No.  9 


CONTENTS 

Worth — Studies  on  Sibling  Callosamia  angulifera  (Lepidoptera:  Satu- 

rnidae) 241 

Rehn — Note  on    the    Genus    Bertoniella    (Orthoptera,    Tettigoniidae, 

Agraeciinae)       245 

Obituary — Dr.  Anton  von  Schulthess-Schindler 246 

Additions  to  the  Insects  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum 246 

Williams — Heavy  Infestation  of  Tent  Caterpillars  in  Chester  County, 

Pennsylvania  (Lepidoptera:  Lasiocampidae) 247 

The  Insects  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York 

City 248 

Cooke— Mating  Flights  of  Isonychia  Mayflies  (Ephemeroptera)    .    .    .  249 

The  Carry-over  of  Jungle  Yellow  Fever  Virus  .   . 252 

Horsfall  and  Tuller — An  Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Interval  Collections 

of  Insects 253 

Sommerman — Rearing  Technique  for  Corrodentia 259 

Current  Entomological  Literature 262 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  LIII  NOVEMBER,  1942  No  9 

Studies   on   Sibling  Callosamia  angulifera  (Lepido- 

ptera:  Saturnidae). 

By  C.  BROOKE  WORTH,  Swarthmore  College, 

Swarthmore,   Pennsylvania. 

In  June,  1941,  a  female  Callosamia  angulifera  hatched  from 
a  "wild"  cocoon  that  I  had  found  during  the  previous  winter. 
I  placed  the  moth  inside  a  screened  porch,  and  at  nine  o'clock 
that  night  several  males  were  fluttering  outside  the  screen.  A 
single  male  was  allowed  to  enter  and  copulate  with  the  female, 
so  that  the  subsequent  eggs  which  she  laid  in  a  cardboard  box 
were  all  true  siblings,  the  offspring  of  a  single  father  and 
mother.  My  ensuing  studies  investigated  the  variations  which 
might  be  readily  observed  among  sibling  C.  angulifera  within  an 
identical  environment.  It  cannot  be  assumed  fully  that  such 
variations  represented  genetic  differences,  for  there  were  un- 
doubtedly inequalities  even  within  that  confined  environment. 
But  the  observed  differences  are  at  least  suggestive  of  different 
genie  combinations. 

The  eggs  were  laid  over  a  period  of  four  days.  Hatching 
occupied  an  equal  period  of  time,  the  last  eggs  laid  being  the 
last  ones  to  hatch,  showing  that  fertilization  is  a  progressive 
process  within  the  female.  This  is  in  accord  with  gross  findings 
in  the  dissection  of  a  newly-hatched  moth.  Here  the  egg 
"strings"  show  the  best-formed  eggs  at  the  peripheral  end  of 
the  "string"  near  its  junction  with  the  ovipositing  organs,  while 
the  more  central  or  inner  end  of  the  "string"  exhibits  eggs  of 
less  and  less  maturity,  the  last  ones  being  so  rudimentary  that 
they  probably  have  not  time — at  least  in  the  non-feeding 
Satuniidac — to  develop  fully  before  the  moth  dies. 

The  caterpillars,  therefore,  varied  from  one  another  in  age 
from  the  very  beginning,  a  maximum  difference  of  about  one 
hundred  hours  obtaining  between  the  extremes.  This  difference, 
at  first  quite  noticeable,  soon  became  less  obvious,  for  cater- 
pillars that  had  hatched  on  the  same  day  quickly  began  t-> 

241 


NOV  1  9  1942 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,    '42 

show  variations  in  size  as  well  as  in  their  times  of  ecdysis. 
Thus  by  the  third  instar  it  was  impossible  to  sort  out  groups 
according  to  age.  Thereafter,  I  regarded  them  all  as  a  single 
colony  of  more  or  less  uniform  siblings. 

I  raised  the  larvae  in  mosquito-netting  bags  covering  low 
branches  of  a  tulip  poplar  tree  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  Dur- 
ing the  latter  stages  of  their  growth  they  exhibited  differences 
in  size  aside  from  the  presumed  sexual  ones,  i.e.,  the  larger 
larvae  varied  quite  perceptibly  among  themselves,  as  did  also 
the  smaller  ones.  There  was  also  slight  variation  in  the 
intensity  of  their  colors. 

But  the  first  marked  disparities  were  noted  at  the  stage  of 
cocoon-spinning.  This  phase  occupied  about  two  weeks. 
Allowing  for  the  possible  four-day  difference  in  chronological 
age,  one  concludes  that  a  variation  of  ten  days  in  physiologic 
age  had  been  established  during  the  short  larval  period.  This 
consisted  of  one  day  of  variation  for  about  ten  days  of  larval 
life.  Spinning  occurred  at  random,  regardless  of  larval  size, 
so  that  the  observed  difference  is  physiologically  and  genetically 
valid. 

At  this  time  there  were  also  several  differences  in  spinning- 
technique.  Most  of  the  larvae  tried  to  escape  from  the  net, 
some  actually  succeeding  in  chewing  or  worming  their  way 
through  its  meshes.  These  fugitives  crawled  inward  along  the 
branch  until  they  reached  the  main  trunk  of  the  tree  and  then 
descended  to  the  ground.  Those  that  failed  to  escape  spun 
their  cocoons  in  the  folds  of  netting  where  it  was  gathered 
together  and  tied  about  the  branch :  this  represented  the  farthest 
attainable  distance  from  the  feeding-grounds  in  the  foliage  at 
th'e  end  of  the  branch. 

But  about  a  quarter  of  the  caterpillars  spun  cocoons  in  the 
leaves  where  they  had  spent  their  larval  lives.  Within  this 
group  there  was  also  variation  in  spinning-behavior.  Some 
merely  drew  two  or  more  leaves  together  and  spun  cocoons 
without  anchorage  to  the  twig.  Others  began  a  "strap"  which, 
however,  proceeded  only  part  way  along  a  leaf's  stem.  The 
rest  completed  the  "strap"  so  that  its  upper  end  embraced  the 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  243 

twig  firmly,  and  in  this  group  was  found  a  high  percentage  of 
cocoons  that  utilized  only  a  single  curled  leaf.  The  latter  type 
was  indistinguishable  from  the  conventional  cocoon  of  C. 
promethca. 

One  hundred  and  ten  cocoons  were  gathered  at  last  and 
placed  together  in  a  small  screened  cage  that  was  open  to  the 
environment  in  all  its  faces.  The  cage  was  hung  to  a  wire 
fence  beneath  the  tulip  poplar  tree  and  allowed  to  remain  there 
for  the  winter. 

In  May,  1942,  I  transferred  the  cage  to  my  desk  at  Swarth- 
more,  Pennsylvania.  Here,  under  indoor  conditions,  I  waited 
for  further  exhibitions  of  variation  among  the  sibling  C. 
angulifcra. 

Table  I  shows  the  order  in  which  the  cocoons  hatched.  It 
will  be  noted  that  in  general  males  preceded  females,  at  one 
early  period  (May  21)  outnumbering  the  latter  almost  two  to 
one.  But  later  (after  May  26)  the  females  surpassed  the 
males  in  absolute  numbers. 

This  may  indicate  several  qualities  inherent  in  C.  angulifcra 
as  a  species  (rather  than  from  the  sibling  standpoint).     Males 
being  on  the  average  smaller  than  females,  their  total  requisite 
metabolic  processes  in  attaining  hatching-maturity  will  be  calor- 
rically  less  than  that  of  their  sisters.     Thus  a  given  quantity 
of  heat  during  Spring  days  will  further  males'  metamorphosis 
proportionately    more    than    females'.      Hence    maturity    will 
arrive   first   in   the   male  population.    This   incident   may   well 
have  survival  value  to  the  species,  since  the  first   females  to 
hatch  will  thereby  be  assured  of  having  potential  mates  already 
on  the  wing.     The  last  females,  hatching  after  the  last  males, 
may  still  mate  with  decrepit  males  on  the  point  of  death.     This 
does  not  matter,  since  the  male's  responsibility  ceases  immedi- 
ately after  copulation,  while  the   female's  is  all  the  nmrr 
enhanced.     It  is  essential  that  females  mate  on  the  first  evenim; 
after  hatching,  or  at  least  not  later  than  the  second  evening, 
for  were  they  to  copulate  when  almost  exhausted  by  imaginal 
living,  they  could  never  succeed  in  laying  their  eggs  in  appm 
priate  places — or  even  in  laying  them  at  all. 


244 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Nov.,  '42 


The  relative  smallness  of  males  has,  of  course,  an  added 
advantage  in  survival  of  the  species,  for  it  enables  them  to 
fly  longer  distances  with  less  consumption  of  fuel.  This  not 
only  makes  it  possible  for  them  to  range  widely  in  search  of 
females,  but  may  also  add  to  their  longevity — again  contributing 
advantageously  to  the  females'  chances  for  being  discovered 
and  fertilized. 

TABLE  I 
Hatching  of  Sibling  C.  angnlifcra — 1942 


Date 

Females 

Males 

May    10 

1 

11 

12 

13 

2 

1 

14 

2 

2 

15 

1 

1 

16 

17 

2 

1 

18 

5 

19 

20 

2 

4 

21 

1 

4 

22 

3 

3 

23 

3 

2 

24 

2 

1 

25 

2 

1 

26 

3 

1 

27 

7 

1 

28 

2 

2 

29 

6 

3 

30 

4 

31 

3 

June  1 

2 

1 

3 

4 

5 

1 

6 

1 

1 

7 

8 

9 

10 

1 

11 

2 

12 

1 

2 

13 

2 

1 

14 

15 

1 

16 

1 

17 

1 

18 

2 

19 

2 

Totals 

59 

39 

(To  be  continued.) 


Hli,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  245 

Note  on  the  Genus  Bertoniella  (Orthoptera,  Tetti- 
goniidae,  Agraeciinae) 

By  JAM£S  A.  G.  REHN,  Curator  of  Insects,  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

There  has  recently  appeared  in  the  "Memorias  del  Museo 
de  Entre  Rios"  1  the  first  part  of  a  series  of  studies  by 
Augusto  A.  Piran,  entitled  "Contribution  al  Conociemiento  de 
los  Tettigonioideos  (Orthoptera:  Tettigonioidea)  de  la  Meso- 
potamia Argentina."  In  the  second  unit  of  the  four  making  up 
this  part  there  is  described  a  "Nueva  especie  y  nuevo  genero  de 
Conocephalidae,"  to  which  the  name  Guaranina  is  given.  The 
relationship  of  this  new  genus  is  said  to  be  with  Xiphclimiim 
Caudell,  a  genus  well  known  to  the  present  author,  and  which 
is  quite  typically  a  member  of  the  Conocephalinae  or  Conoce- 
phalidae, whichever  value  may  be  accorded  that  aggregation. 

Unfortunately,  as  clearly  shown  by  the  very  good  figures  and 
the  relatively  brief  description,  the  insect  described  as  Guara- 
nina daguerrei  is  not  a  member  of  the  same  subfamily  or  family 
as  Xiphelimum,  but  is  instead  referable  to  that  assemblage  called 
the  Agraeciinae  or  Agraeciidae,  whichever  value  may  be  pre- 
ferred. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  author  of  this  Argentine  paper 
apparently  has  failed  to  consult  at  least  some  of  the  literature 
dealing  with  the  Orthoptera  of  the  region  of  the  Parana  River. 
The  insect  to  which  he  has  applied  the  new  generic  name  Guara- 
nina was  described  and  figured  in  1911  by  the  present  author 
as  Bertoniella  agraccioidcs,  new  genus  and  species.  The  type 
of  the  latter  came  from  Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay,  a  locality 
not  far  removed  from  Posadas,  Misiones,  Argentina,  from 
which  place  G.uaranma  was  described.  With  the  type  male  and 
the  allotypic  and  four  other  females  of  B.  agraecioidcs  now 
before  me,  there  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  identity  of  Piran's 
genus  and  species. 

The  synonymy  would  be  as  follows : 


1  Zoologia  No.  17,  pp.  3-8,  pis.  I-III.     Parana,  Argentina,  1942. 


246  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,    '42 

BERTONIELLA  Rehn. 

1911.  BcHoniclla  Rehn,  Entom.   News,  xxii,  p.  255. 
1942.   Gnaranina  Piran,  Mem.  Mus.  Entre  Rios,  Zool.  No.  17, 
p.  4. 

BERTONIELLA  AGRAECIOIDES  Rehn. 

1911.  Bertoniella  ayraccioidcs  Rehn,  Entom.  News,  xxii,  p.  255, 
figs.  3-5. 

[$    (type),    9  ;  Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay.] 
1942.  Guaranina  daguerrei  Piran,  Mem.  Mus.  Entre  Rios,  Zool. 
No.  17,  p.  5,  pi.  1,  fig.  3,  pi.  II,  figs.  4-6.  [$  ,   $    (type)  ; 
La  Picada,  near  Posadas,  Misiones,  Argentina.] 

The  range  of  the  species  is  more  extensive  than  published 
literature  would  indicate,  as  it  extends  northeastward  into  the 
drainage  of  some  of  the  head  streams  of  the  Parana.  Aside 
from  Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay,  the  type  locality  of  agracci- 
oidcs,  the  following  localities  are  represented  in  the  series 
before  me : 

Villa  Lutecia,  vicinity  of  San  Ignacio,  Misiones,  Argentina; 
IV,  1910;  (E.  R.  Wagner)  ;  1  9  ;  [Hebard  Cln.].  Piracicaba, 
State  of  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil;  3  9  ;  [Hebard  Cln.]. 

There  is  an  appreciable  amount  of  variation  in  general  size 
in  this  species,  and  also  in  the  length  of  the  alar  appendages. 

OBITUARY 

DR.  ANTON  VON  SCHULTHESS-SCHINDLER,  president  of  the 
Third  International  Entomological  Congress  at  Zurich  in  1925, 
died  November  7,  1941,  acording  to  a  notice  in  the  Mitthei- 
lungen  of  the  Swiss  Entomological  Society  (vol.  18,  pp.  398- 
399). 

Additions  to  tJic  Insects  in  tlic  U.  S.  National  Museum.  The 
most  important  accession  in  insects  [during  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1941]  was  the  Nevermann  collection  of  Costa 
Rican  Coleoptera,  comprising  about  33,000  specimens  and 
including  much  type  material.  Other  important  entomological 
material  came  in  many  miscellaneous  lots,  the  largest  beng 
64,000  insect  specimens  transferred  from  the  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology and  Plant  Quarantine. 

A  collection  of  nearly  3000  beetles  from  Panama,  was  donated 
by  Assistant  Curator  Richard  E.  Blackwelder,  who  collected 
them  several  years  ago. — Annual  Rept.  Smithsonian  Inst.,  1941, 
p.  20,  1942. 


Hii,    '421  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


Heavy  Infestation  of  Tent  Caterpillars  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania  (Lepidoptera:  Lasiocampidae). 

Bv  JOSEPH  L.  WILLIAMS,  Lincoln  University,  Pa. 

During  the  spring  of  1942  the  infestation  of  tent  caterpillars 
(Malqcosoma  amcricaua  Fabr.)  was  about  the  heaviest  of  any 
season  for  several  years  in  Chester  County.  In  both  Chester 
and  Delaware  Counties,  on  the  highway  to  Philadelphia,  not 
one  wild  cherry  tree  escaped  being  infested.  Apple  trees  were 
more  heavily  infested  than  usual,  but  their  infestation  is  never 
as  heavy  as  that  of  the  wild  cherry  during  any  season.  Wild 
cherry  is  more  heavily  attacked  because  the  caterpillars  prefer 
this  plant  to  any  other.  Experiments  have  been  made  which 
show  that  impregnated  females  can  be  induced  to  lay  their  eggs 
around  a  wire  of  a  suitable  diameter,  if  twigs  of  trees  are  not 
present.  If,  however,  twigs  of  a  suitable  diameter  of  several 
trees  are  made  available  to  such  females,  cherry  in  most  cases 
is  selected.  Even  virgin  females  prefer  wild  cherry,  but  their 
effort  to  lay  is  in  vain.  Fertilization  is  absolutely  necessary  for 
normal  egg-laying.  This  egg-laying  behavior  is  true  for  all 
Lepidoptera,  except  a  few  whose  eggs  have  been  reported  to 
hatch  parthenogenetically.  Adult  females  selecting  wild  cherry 
twigs  on  which  to  lay  their  eggs  explain  why  these  trees  are 
more  heavily  infested  than  apple. 

The  author  has  been  trapping  insects  by  means  of  a  light 
trap  since  1936  and  during  this  period,  except  this  season,  tent 
caterpillar  moths  were  never  caught  in  large  numbers.  This 
season,  however,  the  light  trap  was  crowded  with  the  moths. 
The  males  were  much  more  numerous  than  the  females,  yet 
the  latter  were  present  in  fairly  large  numbers  each  night 
throughout  the  flying  season.  Several  nests  of  caterpillars  were 
burned  from  a  few  apple  trees  on  the  author's  lawn,  but  many 
escaped  being  harmed  and  climbed  the  trees  again  and  again 
to  build  new  nests.  After  burning  the  newly  formed  nests 
several  times,  the  caterpillars  were  finally  destroyed. 

About  the  middle  of  June  several  wild  cherry  trees  in  the 
vicinity  of  Lincoln  University  were  examined.  From  ten  to 
twenty  or  more  egg-rings  were  found  on  some  small  trees.  This 


248  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

gives  some  indication  of  the  number  of  impregnated  females 
on  wing  during  the  season.  This  also  gives  an  indication,  if 
this  year's  conditions  prevail,  of  next  year's  crop,  since  about 
180  eggs  are  present  in  each  egg-mass.  Fortunately,  females 
of  M.  amcricaua  mate  and  lay  only  once  before  death,  which 
is  not  true  for  all  Lepidoptera.  Unfortunately,  however,  nearly 
all  females  on  wing  are  impregnated,  which  enables  them  to 
lay  normally.  This  statement  is  substantiated  by  the  fact  that 
dissections  of  most  female  Lepidoptera  caught  at  the  light  trap 
have  spermatophores  in  their  bursae.  This  means,  therefore, 
that  they  have  mated  and  the  number  of  spermatophores  present 
indicates  the  number  of  pairings.  Only  one  spermatophore  is 
ever  found  in  the  bursa  copulatrix  of  M.  amcricaua. 

The  work  of  Turner  further  substantiates  the  statement  on 
the  fertility  of  flying  females.  Our  only  hope,  therefore,  must 
depend  on  a  fly  (Diptera),  which  parasitises  the  caterpillar  if 
the  number  is  to  be  normal  next  year.  Perhaps  this  fly  and 
other  parasites  of  the  tent  caterpillar  were  fewer  this  year, 
which  may  explain  the  outbreak. 

REFERENCES. 

TURNER,  W.  B.  1918.  Female  Lepidoptera  at  light  traps. 
Jour  Agri.  Research,  14  (3)  135-149. 

WILLIAMS,  J.  L.  1939.  The  mating  and  egg-laying  of  Mala- 
cosoma  americana.  Ent.  News,  50  (2),  45-50,  (3),  69-72. 

ID.  1940.  The  anatomy  of  the  internal  geneitalia  and  the 
mating  behavior  of  some  Lasiocampid  moths.  J.  Morp.,  67  (3) 
411-433,  2  pis. 


The  Insects  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 

New  York  City. 

We  received  through  201  gifts  approximately  38,000  speci- 
mens. Our  study  collections  now  contain  approximately  1,735,- 
000  specimens,  of  which  roughly  398,000  are  moths  or  butter- 
flies ;  346,000  are  beetles ;  288,000  are  flies ;  242,500  are  ants, 
bees  or  wasps,  and  232,500  are  spiders  and  their  relatives. 
Owing  to  the  danger  of  bombing  in  New  York  City  we  moved 
our  thousands  of  type  specimens  to  the  safer  place  provided 
by  the  Museum. — 73rd  Ann.  Rept.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  for 
1941,  p.  13. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

Mating  Flights  of  Isonyohia  May-flies   (Ephemero- 

ptera). 

By  HERMAN  G.  COOKE,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. 

Relatively  few  accurate  observations  have  been,  made  on  the 
mating-  flights  of  mayflies.  Morgan  writes,  'Actual  mating 
has  been  observed  but  a  few  times,  ;  The  most  satisfactory 
observation  was  made  (May,  1911)  upon,  a  swarm  of  Bactis. 
'Murphy's-  observations  on  the  mating  behavipr  of  Bactis  pos- 
licatits  supported  Morgan's  statements.  In  a  more  recent 
account  of  the  order  of  mayflies,  Needham,  and.  associates3 
remark,  "And  for  many  mayflies  the  swarming  habits  are 
quite  unknown." 

In  a  previous  paper4  the  writer, -has, recorded ,an  .observation 
on  the  mating  flights  of  Steiwnema*  vica^'urni-  Opportunity  has 
been  afforded  to  extend  this  observation  -to  species  of  Isonychia. 

The  temperatures  at  which  eggs  of  mayflies:  hatched  have  been 
recorded  by  writers  in  several  scattered  papers,  However,  data 
on  the  temperature  for  nymphal  emergence  and  that  for  adult 
behavior  in  nature  have  been  greatly  restricted..  The  most  avail- 
able information  on  the  latter  two5  activities rrnay  be  found  in 
the  work  by  Clemens  and  by  Murphy. 

In  an  ecological  study  of  mayflies  Clemens7'  found  that 
temperature  had  a  very  marked  effect  on  the  length  of   sub- 
imaginal    period.      Murphy2    recorded    a    monthly    average    of 
temperature  in  her  study  of  Bactis  posticatus.    From    May  to 
October  inclusive,  she  found  that  the  average- temperature  fm- 

1  Morgan,   Ann.   H.     1913.     Contribution  to  the   Biology,  of   Mayflies. 
Ann.  Soc.  Amer.  6 :  p.  392. 

2  Murphy,    Helen.      1922.     Notes   on  •  the   Biology  of  'Mayflies    ( ienus 
Bactis   Hull.  Lloyd   Library   Ent.   Ser,  2.,. 

3Needham,  J.  <;.,  Traver,  Jay  R.  and  Hsu,  Yin-Chi.  1935.  The 
Biology  of  the  Mayflies,  p.  10. 

4Cooke,  Herman  G.  Jan.,  1940.  Observations' on -Mating  Flights  of 
Mayflies  .S'/r»<>»r»;</  I'lcariiun  lint.  Xe\vs  51. 

5  Clemens,  W.  A.  1917.  An  Ecological  Study  of  the  M.iyfly  Chiro- 
tenetes.  University  of  Toronto  Studies  Mini.  SIT.  17. 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

nymphal  emergence   (of  brood  four)  was  62.2°   F.,  for  each 
month. 

The  writer  also  has  observed  that  temperature  is  quite  a 
factor  as  regards  the  behavior  of  mayflies.  He  has  been  able 
to  secure  the  temperature  and  date  of  nymphal  emergence  and 
of  adult  behavior  in  nature  as  here  rroted.  All  temperatures 
were  counter-checked  by  a  thermometer  employed  on  date  of 
observations.  It  Was  found  that  the  nymphs  failed  to  emerge 
from  the  water  as  sub-imagoes  when  the  temperature  registered 
below  65°  F.  No  doubt,  the  chief  difference  between  the  for- 
mer and  latter  figures  may  be  attributed  to  difference  in  species 
or  environmental  conditions  or  probably  both. 

The  present  study  began  on  August  24,  1940,  when  a  lone 
male  was  observed  descending  over  the  banks  of  Darby  Creek 
from  a  large  company  of  imagoes  which  swarmed  high  up 
among  the  branches  of  trees  beneath  a  mid-day  sun.  The  loca- 
tion was  almost  two  miles  up  stream  from  Oakview,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Neither  copulation  nor  the  movements  that  usually 
characterize  actual  mating  took  place ;  nevertheless,  the  incident 
occuring  at  a  height  of  forty  or  fifty  feet  served  not  only  as  a 
clue  toward  further  investigations,  but  also  as  a  confirmation 
of  a  report  by  Needham3.  In  a  paragraph  on  the  swarming  of 
Callibaetis  that  author  writes,  "Other  mayflies  fly  at  a  higher 
altitude  in  swarming;  some  so  high  as  to  be  observed  with 
difficulty  from  the  ground." 

At  1 :30  p.  m.,  on  the  above  date  the  atmospheric  pressure 
registered  30.23  inches  while  the  temperature  was  69°  F.6 

The  summer  of  the  following  year  (1941)  was  uneventful 
in  this  field  until  September  26  and  27.  At  3:30  p.  m.,  both 
days,  a  small  company  of  Isonychia  Christina  (tentative  identifi- 
cation of  species)  was  seen  rising  and  falling  in  deep  rhythmic 
undulations  over  an  evaporated  pond-bed  twenty  yards  from 
the  west  bank  of  the  creek.  The  scene  of  this  flight  was 
approximately  one  hundred  yards  up  stream  from  the  location 

6  Records  of  atmospheric  pressure  and  temperature  were  obtained  from 
the  Weather  Bureau  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The  times  given  are  in  Eastern 
War  Time,  one  hour  earlier  than  Eastern  Standard  Time. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  251 

of  the  male  observed  in  1940.  At  times  the  individuals  soared 
to  a  height  of  about  fifty  feet  while  at  frequent  intervals  they 
descended  to  within  five  feet  of  the  ground.  When  the  lower 
level  was  reached  they  quickly  mounted  upward  as  if  the 
decended  distance  had  been  plotted  by  measurement.  The 
vibratory  body  motion  so  effectively  displayed  by  these  insects 
during  flight  was  more  highly  perfected  by  the  males  than  by 
the  females. 

On  September  26,  1941,  at  1  :30  p.  m.,  the  atmospheric 
pressure  was  30  inches  and  at  4  P.  M.  the  temperature  was  78°  F. 
The  following  day,  at  the  same  hours,  the  atmospheric  pressure 
was  30.21  inches  while  the  temperature  fell  to  73°  F.  The 
weather  reports  for  the  three  above  mentioned  dates,  suggest 
a  fairly  constant  range  of  atmospheric  pressure  and  temperature 
for  the  flights  of  Isonychia. 

It  was  of  particular  interest  to  note  a  female  entering  the 
group  of  males  attempting,  in  her  sluggish  manner,  to  partici- 
pate in  the  rhythmic  performance.  Up  to  this  point  her  role 
had  been  negligible,  but  she  was  soon  spotted  and  attacked  by 
a  male  as  if  he  had  been  watchfully  awaiting  her  arrival.  The 
pair  remained  united  during  their  flight  for  a  distance  of 
nearly  thirty  yards  and  then  suddenly  separated  and  vanished 
among  the  trees.  Two  other  females  passed  unmolested 
beneath  the  swarm  of  males  and  continued  on  their  journey. 
Shortly  after  this,  at  intervals  of  about  ten  minutes,  two  addi- 
tional couples  were  seen  in  copulation.  Each  couple  showed  a 
tendency  to  be  borne  slightly  downward  as  it  proceeded  along 
its  course.  Otherwise,  copulation  was  conducted  in  a  manner 
similar  to  that  observed  for  Stenonema  vicarinin. 

One  of  the  most  striking  features  exhibited  during  these 
flights  was  the  trend  displayed  toward  net  shyness,  (i.e.,  from 
the  swinging  of  an  insect  net),  a  tendency  probably  carried  over 
from  the  nymphal  stage,  as  nymphs  of  this  species  are.  among 
the  most  wary  and  are  difficult  to  capture.  When  the  swarm 
was  continuously  disturbed  it  either  withdrew  to  a  more  distant 
region,  or  its  members  became  scattered  and  disappeared. 
However,  after  a  few  minutes  interval  thcv  usually  returned 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

to  resume  their  performance  in  increasing  numbers  and  with 
renewed  vigor.  Needham3  also  reported  similar  scattering  in 
the  genus  Callibactis  that  he  observed:  "-  —  suddenly 
vanishing  ghostlike  from  view." 

In  order  to  capture  Isonychia  imagoes,  it  was  necessary  to 
lie  in  wait  in  the  grass  beneath  the  swarm  until  descending 
members  had  reached  a  lower  level.  Normally,  these  nights 
remained  in  progress  for  about  thirty-five  minutes.  During 
prolonged  interference,  by  the  collector,  the  duration  could  not 
be  accurately  estimated.  However,  in  either  case,  activity 
ceased  long  before  sun-down. 

The  writer  wishes  to  express  his  gratitude  and  appreciation 
to  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert  for  his  stimulating  interest  freely  shown 
throughout  this  investigation,  and  to  Dr.  H.  T.  Spieth  for 
having  aided  in  the  classification  of  this  as  well  as  several 
other  species  of  mayflies.  Thanks  are  due  also  to  Dr.  D.  H. 
Wenrich,  Dr  R.  G.  Schmieder  and  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  for 
helpful  suggestions. 


The  Carry-over  of  Jungle  Fever  Virus.  Continued  investiga- 
tion of  jungle  yellow  fever  in  Colombia  brought  added  evidence 
that,  in  certain  areas  at  least,  a  Hacmagogus  mosquito  is  the 
chief  villain  in  the  tragedy.  One  of  the  puzzling  aspects  of  this 
problem  has  been  the  complete  disappearance  of  this  mosquito 
at  certain  periods,  especially  during  the  dry  season,  while  at 
the  same  time  the  disease  has  continued  among  both  animals  and 
men.  This  problem  was  resolved  by  the  discovery  that  Hacma- 
gogus is  characteristically  an  inhabitant  of  the  tree  tops  and  may 
be  found  there  when  it  is  absent  in  catches  made  at  ground  level. 
The  investigators  were  forced  to  develop  techniques  new  to 
yellow  fever  work,  and  as  one  of  them  expressed  it,  it  became 
necessary  "to  associate  with  the  monkeys  in  the  interlacing 
branches  high  above  the  jungle  floor."  With  this  knowledge 
available  it  was  possible  to  capture  haemagogus  mosquitoes 
throughout  the  entire  dry  season  of  1941,  and  the  yellow  fever 
virus  was  found  repeatedly  in  the  mosquitoes  caught  in  the  tree 
tops. — Rockefeller  Foundation,  Annual  Rept.  1941,  p.  15. 


liii,  '42 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  253 

An  Apparatus  for   Obtaining    Interval    Collections 

of  Insects1 

By  WILLIAM  R.  HORSFALL  and  ALLEN  V.  TULLER,  University 

of  Arkansas. 

Interval  collections  are  often  desired  in  connection  with 
faunal  studies  of  insects,  and  in  order  to  get  reliable  results, 
periodic  attention  of  an  operator  or  some  mechanical  contrivance 
is  necessary.  In  instances  such  as  night  collecting,  continued, 
regular  attention  of  an  operator  is  often  out  of  the  question, 
and  a  dependable,  automatic  device  is  a  desirable  substitute. 

The  automatic  change  feature  herein  reported  has  proved 
satisfactory  in  conjunction  with  a  light  trap  of  a  modified  New 
Jersey  style.  Night  after  night  for  three  months  in  each  of 
two  summers  (1940  and  1941)  this  device  operated  reliably 
with  a  minimum  of  attention  in  connection  with  observations 
on  flight  habits  of  rice-field  mosquitos  at  the  University  of 
Arkansas  Rice  Branch  Experiment  Station.  It  might  prove 
equally  efficient  when  used  with  any  type  of  stationary  trap  of 
such  a  nature  that  the  insects  are  received  in  bottles  or  jars, 
provided  a  constant  source  of  electricity  is  available. 

The  Light  Trap.  The  New  Jersey  light  trap  used  in  this 
connection  was  similar  to  that  reported  by  Mulhern  (1934) 
except  in  minor  details.  It  consists  exteriorly  of  a  vertical 
cylinder  with  a  conical  cap  housing  a  40  W.  frosted  electric 
globe,  an  eight-inch  electric  fan,  and  a  funnel  of  screen  wire. 
The  light  bulb  is  exposed  between  the  cap  and  cylinder  and  may 
shine  in  all  horizontal  directions.  The  fan  is  placed  below  the 
light  and  the  blast  is  directed  downward  into  the  screen  funnel 
below.  In  the  regular  trap,  a  killing  jar  is  attached  to  the  apex 
of  the  funnel.  In  this  instance,  it  is  attached  to  a  hole  in  the 
top  of  the  box  housing  the  automatic  change  feature.  Another 
small  internal  change  involved  the  addition  of  a  screen  cone 
between  the  fan  blades  and  the  light  which  prevents  insects 
caught  in  the  down  draft  from  lodging  in  the  fan  motor  or  from 


1  Research  Paper  Xo.  744,  Journal  Series,  University  of  Arkansas. 
Approved  for  publication  by  the  Director  of  the1  Arkansas  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station. 


254 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Nov.,  '42 


(Fig.  A) 

being  mangled  in  the  whirling  blades. 

77?<?  Automatic  Feature.  The  device  for  changing  the  collec- 
ting jars  is  mounted  in  a  box  (Fig.  A)  composed  of  a  top  and  a 
bottom  made  of  five-ply  wood  joined  to  one  another  by  four 
steel  corner  posts  16  inches  long  and  threaded  at  both  ends. 
Nuts  placed  on  each  side  of  the  top  and  bottom  boards  enable 
the  operator  to  make  possible  any  small  adjustments  of  leveling. 
Both  top  and  bottom  are  covered  with  several  coats  of  spar  var- 
nish as  a  preventive  against  warping  or  checking.  The  sides 
of  the  box  are  of  sheet  metal  attached  so  as  to  prevent  injury 
to  the  enclosed  mechanism  by  splashing  or  blowing  rain.  One 
side  is  easily  removable  as  a  means  of  facilitating  changes  of 
collecting  jars  or  adjusting  the  machine.  The  box  is  rectangu- 
lar in  top  view  and  measures  15  inches  by  20  inches. 

The  mechanism  proper  consists  of  a  turntable  (Figs.  2 
and  3)  to  which  twelve  collecting  jars  are  attached,  a  tripping 
device  (Figs.  2  and  4)  and  a  timer  (Fig.  1). 

The  turntable  (Fig.  2)  is  composed  of  a  disc  of  plywood 
on  top  of  a  supporting  column  that  is  firmly  bolted  to  the  floor 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


255 


«     INCHES 


256  fcNTOTvtoiOGicA'L  isrfiws  [Nov.,  '42 

of  the  rectangular  box.  The  disc  is  made  of  five-ply  wood  in 
which  12  holes  (2A)  two  inches  in  diameter  are  drilled  near 
the  margin  at  30°  intervals.  At  the  same  intervals  and  centered 
between  the  holes,  are  12  flat  metal  strips  (2B1)  y2  inch  wide 
and'extending  fy$  inch  out  from  the  underside  of  the  disc.  Each 
metal  strip  is  firmly  held  in  place  by  three  wood  screws  y2  inch 
long.  Metal  screw  caps  for  the  attachment  of  16-ounce  collec- 
ting jars  are  cut  With  holes  to  fit  those  in  the  disc  and  are  fas- 
tened by  ^4-inch/sqrews  '.to  the  underside  of  the  disc, 

At  its  center,  the  turntable  is  provided  with  two  large  metal 
washers  on  both  top  and  bottom  (Fig.  3).  These  t\v<> 
washers  and  tjiiin  wooden  pulley  (3C)  ar^  bolted  securely  \o 
the  center  of  t,ne  disc.'  The  whole  disc  (3A)  is  attached  to  ij:s 
supporting  shaft  by  a  nut  below  and  above  the  disc  on  the 
threaded  shaft  *(3G).  The  disc  is  held  upright  and  suspended 
free  on  two  ball  bearings  (3F)  at  either  end  of  a  hollow  column 
(31).  The  bottom  bearing  supports  'the  thrust  and  the  upper 
one  acts  to  align  the  shaft.  The  supporting  column  (31)  is 
threaded  into  a  floor  flange  (3H)  which  in  turn  is  bolted  to  the 
bottom  of  the  box.  This  form  of  support  allows  the  whole 
turntable  to ;be' freely  movable  by  means  of  a  very  slight  tension. 

.In  operation,  a  continuous  tension  is  exerted  on  the  turntable 
by  means  of  a  weight  (Fig.  3E).  This  weight  is  fastened 
over  a  free  pijlley  (3D)  to  the  pulley  (3C)  attached  to  disc 
(3A).  : 

Figure  4  is  a  diagram  of  the  trip-and-check  device  that 
allows  the  'tension  weight- to  turn  the  disc  or  that  prevents 
the  turning  'as  the  case  'may  be.  Essentially  this  device 
is  composed  of  an  electromagnet  (4A)  below  a  horizontal  trip- 
and-ciheck  arm  (figs.  2D  and  4B).  The  whole  is  supported  by 
means  jof  a  vertical  shaft!  from  a  horizontal  base  plate  (4E) 
whicli  is  bolted  to  the  floor  of  the  box.  The  trip-and-check  arm 
(4B)'  is  pivoted  at  the  center  and  is  free  to  move  by  teetering 
acticm  within  limits  determined  by  set  screws  on  crossarm  (4D). 

The  whole  is  activated  by  an  automatic  switch  (Fig.  1) 
by  means  of  which  an  electric  circuit  is  made  or  broken  at  a  pre- 


liii,    '42 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

determined  interval.  The  mechanism  in  use  is  designed  to 
operate  at  intervals  of  one  hour  by  means  of  a  self-starting  1 
R.P.H.  electric  clock  (IE)  operating  on  110  volts  A.  C. 
disc  (IF)  is  attached  to  the  central  shaft  of  the  clock.  A 
pointed,  radial  projection  (IB)  serves  as  the  means  of  shifting 
the  position  of  the  mercury  switch  (1A)  so  as  to  complete  the 
circuit  through  the  electromagnet  on  the  trip-and-check  device. 
The  mercury  switch  (1A)  lies  at  such  an  angle  on  a  hinged  bar 
that  the  mercury  is  free  of  the  contacts.  When  the  radial  arm 
(IB)  strikes  the  projection  (1C)  on  the  hinge  of  the  mercury 
switch,  the  switch  is  depressed  on  the  contact  end,  and  the 
circuit  is  closed.  After  the  radial  arm  passes  the  point,  spring 
(ID)  snaps  the  switch  back  to  its  normal  position  and  opens 
the  circuit.  Arm  (1G)  on  the  switch  hinge  prevents  spring 
(ID)  from  turning  the  switch  over  by  striking  against  a  hori- 
zontal rod  supported  between  the  two  posts  holding  the  switch 
hinge. 

In  operation,  12  jars  containing  small  bags  of  potassium 
cyanide  are  fastened  to  the  screw  caps  on  the  turntable.  (It  is 
necessary  that  all  be  attached  in  order  to  balance  the  turntable 
as  an  aid  to  uniform  turning).  The  tripping  mechanism  is 
released  by  hand  and  the  turntable  is  rotated  until  the  tension 
weight  (3E)  is  in  the  position  shown.  Jar  Number  1  should 
be  in  place  beneath  the  hole  leading  down  from  the  trap  above. 
Disc  (IF)  of  the  timing  device  is  then  turned  so  that  the  radial 
trip  (IB)  is  just  above  the  projection  (1C).  The  current  is 
then  turned  on  and  the  mechanism  is  set  to  release  at  the  end 
of  an  hour  and  to  operate  continuously  at  hourly  intervals  until 
all  twelve  jars  have  passed  beneath  the  trap  and  have  been 
exposed  one  hour  each. 

While  the  circuit  is  broken  through  the  electromagnet  (4A) 
the  trip-and-check  arm  is  in  the  position  shown  in  Figure  2  with 
the  bumper  rod  (2C)  against  the  steel  plate  (2B1).  When  the 
current  is  completed  through  the  electromagnet,  the  end  on 
which  the  bumper  rod  is  located  is  pulled  downward  by  the 
magnet  and  the  steel  plate  (2B1)  passes  over  the  rod.  After 
the  turntable  moves  only  a  short  distance  (about  ?<s  inch), 
plate  (2B2)  is  caught  by  the  upright  projection  (2E)  on  the 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

uptilted  end  of  the  trip-and-check  arm,  and  it  holds  the  bottle 
below  the  trap  until  the  circuit  is  broken  at  the  timer.     This 
interval  is  about  \l/2  minutes.     When  the  magnet  is  released, 
the  arm  is  returned  to  the  normal  position  by  the  spring  (4C). 
The  tension  weight,  then  causes  the  turntable  to  rotate  until  the 
next  succeeding  horizontal  plate  strikes  the  bumper  rod  (2C). 
Two  accessory   features   of   this  mechanism   insure  that   all 
insects  in  a  given  period  pass  into  the  proper  jar.     The  first 
of  these,  a  screen  tube  extending  below  the  hole  in  the  top  of 
the  box  to  which  the  trap  is  attached,  conveys  the  insects  straight 
down  into  the  bottle  below.     The  other  is  a  temporary  closing 
device  for  the  jars  after  they  have  passed  beneath  the  trap. 
This  consists  of  a  weighted  cloth  flap  suspended  from  the  top 
of  the  box  and  serves  to  confine  all  insects  for  the  hour  after 
passing  under  the  trap.     By  that  time,  the  cyanide  will  have 
stunned  even  the  most  hardy  sufficiently  to  retain  them  in  the 
proper  collecting  jar. 

The  design  of  this  mechanism  lends  itself  to  a  variety  of 
time  intervals  depending  on  the  revolutions  of  the  clock  that 
is  used  and  on  the  spacing  and  number  of  radial  tripping  arms 
on  the  timer  disc.  In  combination  with  an  automatic  switch 
for  starting  and  stopping  the  mechanism,  the  possible  combina- 
tions of  intervals  are  further  extended. 

Other  devices  which  are  adapted  to  similar  purposes  are 
those  of  Williams  (1935)  and  Hutchins  (1940). 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

HUTCHINS,  R.  E.  1940.  Insect  activity  at  a  light  trap  during 
various  periods  of  the  night.  Jour.  Econ.  Ent.  33 :  654-657. 

MULHERN,  T.  D.  1934.  A  new  development  in  mosquito 
traps.  Proc.  21st  Ann.  Meet.  N.  J.  Mosq.  Exter.  Assn.  1934: 
137-140. 

WILLIAMS,  C.  B.  1935.  Times  of  activity  of  certain  noc- 
turnal insects,  chiefly  Lepidoptera,  as  indicated  by  a  light  trap. 
Trans.  Roy.  Ent.  Soc.  London  83 :  523-555,  2  pi. 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  259 

Rearing  Technique  for  Corrodentia1 

By  KATHRYN  M.  SOMMERMAN  2  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana, 

Illinois. 

Using  the  various  methods  described,  the  following  species 
of  Corrodentia  were  successfully  reared  in  the  laboratory: 
Trogiidae:  Liposcclis  divinatorins  (Mull.),  L.  niycr  (Banks); 
Psocidae:  Pscudopsocus  anmbilis  (Walsh)  (Pscudopsocus 
Chapman  1930);  Caeciliidae:  Caccilius  mantcri  Sommerman 
MS.,  Lachesilla  nubilis  (Aaron),  L.  pedicularia  (Linne),  L. 
forccpcta  var.  major  Chapman,  Ectopsocus  piimilis  (Banks), 
E.  calif  orniciis  (Banks)  and  Caccilius  aurantiacus  Hagen. 
Incidentally  all  but  the  last  two  species  were  taken  from  dried 
corn  stalks  in  the  fields. 

1.  A  fairly  successful  method  of  raising  colonies  was  de- 
vised, but  the  degree  of  success  varied  with  the  species.  It  en- 
tailed the  use  of  a  small  cylinder  92  mm.  long  by  36  mm.  in 
diameter  (Fig.  1-A).  A  cork  containing  a  hole,  for  the  in- 
sertion of  a  glass  tube  75  mm.  long  by  10  mm.  in  diameter, 
and  two  notches  in  the  sides,  closed  the  top.  Cut  up  corn 
sheaths  were  put  in  the  cylinder  and  a  moist  cotton  plug  was 
pushed  down  into  the  10  mm.  tube.  Small  pieces  of  cotton  were 
used  to  close  the  notches  in  the  cork,  which  served  as  an  air  es- 
cape as  the  water  soaked  through  the  large  cotton  plug  that  was 
moistened  once  a  day.  A  cylinder  of  this  kind  usually  ac- 
commodated one  generation  of  psocids.  The  particular  advan- 
tage offered  by  this  device  lay  in  the  convenience  with  which 
new  cultures  could  be  transferred.  The  moist  plug  could  be 
removed  from  the  tube  and  the  latter  pushed  into  the  cork  of  a 
freshly  fixed  cylinder.  Within  a  few  hours  enough  psocids 
would  have  passed  into  the  new  cylinder  so  that  the  old  one 
could  be  withdrawn,  and  a  new  tube,  containing  a  moist  plug, 

1  Contribution  No.  227  from  the  Entomological  Laboratories  of  the 
University  of  Illinois.  This  report  was  included  as  one  section  of  a  thesis 
submitted  in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements  for  the  Degree  of 
Master  of  Science  in  Entomology  in  the  Graduate  School  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  1941. 

2 1  wish  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the  suggestions  given  by  Pro- 
fessors C.  L.  Mctcalf  and  W.  V.  Ralduf  during  my  study  of  the  bio- 
nomics of  some  corn  (maize)  stalk-infesting  Corrodentia. 


260 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


(Nov.,  '42 


Fig.  1.     A,  Method  1;  B,  Method  2;  C,  Method  3;  D,  Method  4;  E, 
Method  5. 

put  into  the  cork  of  the  second.  Usually  the  cylinders  were 
placed  in  a  horizontal  position  during  the  transfer,  or  a  piece 
of  used  carbon  paper  was  wrapped  around  the  old  culture  while 
the  new  was  subjected  to  the  light.  However,  in  transferring 
Ectopsocus  pit-mills,  either  the  phototropic  method  was  used  or 
the  cylinders  were  left,  one  above  the  other,  utilizing  the  marked 
negative  geotropism  exhibited  by  this  species. 

2.  The  most  successful  individual  rearing  device  (Fig.  1-B) 
consisted  of  a/  glass  tube  33  mm.  long  by  8  mm.  in  diameter. 
Cotton  plugs  were  inserted  at  each  end  and  touched  the  piece 
of  corn  sheath  that  fitted  snugly  between  them.  A  notch  was 
cut  at  the  edge  of  the  sheath,  or  a  corner  cut  off,  thus  giving  the 
psocid  access  to  both  sides.  Thd  top  plug  was  saturated  with 
water  four  times  a  day  at  intervals  of  five  hours.  If  the  corn 
became  too  mouldy,  or  if  no  mould  appeared,  a  fresh  piece  of 
corn  sheath  was  inserted.  Usually  at  least  three  changes  were 
necessary  during  nymphal  development.  This  device  has  been 
tried  for1  some  other  pine  bark  inhabiting  species  but  was  not 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  261 

successful. 

3.  Another  fairly  successful  method  was  tried.     Individual 
glass  tuhes   (Fig.   1-C)   about  twice  the  size  of  those  used  in 
Method  2  were  equipped  with  a  cork  in  the  bottom  containing 
a  2  mm.  tube  10  cm.  long,  filled  with  cotton  to  serve  as  a  wick, 
and  a  cotton  plug  in  the  top.     These  were  placed  in  test  tube 
racks,  with  the  capillary  tubes  extending  through  the  holes  of 
the  rack  to  a  pan  of  water  below.     This  made  it  possible  to 
omit  the  constant  watering.    Unfortunately  if  the  wick  touched 
the  corn,  it  became  too  mouldy  and  the  insects  would  die. 

4.  This  last  method  was  employed  on  a  much  larger  scale 
for  colonies    (Fig.    1-D).      Cylinders  about  the  size  of   those 
described  in  method   1   were  used,  with  a  cork  in  the  bottom 
containing  an  8  mm.  tube  10  cm.  long.     A  dry  cotton  plug  was 
substituted  for  the  moist  one  used  in  Method  1.     These  tubes 
were  likewise  placed  in  racks  like  those  of  Method  3.    When  the 
capillary  tube  was  pushed  up  into  the  cylinder  above  the  level 
of  the  food  this  method  proved  very  satisfactory  for  cultures 
of  Liposcelis  divinatorius  and  L.  nlgcr. 

5.  Small   tubes   such  as  those  described  in   Method  2  with 
pieces   of   wire  around   the  top  prolonged   into   a  hook,   were 
hung  to  a  circle  of  wire  attached  through  the  cardboard  of  a 
screw  top  jar  (Fig.  1-E).     The  jars,  filled  to  a  depth  of  one- 
fourth  inch  with  various  salt  solutions  to  keep  the  humidity 
constant,    [Chapman    (1)]    were  kept  at  70°    F.  in  a  constant 
temperature  oven,   but  the  mortality  was   extremely  high;  so 
this  method  was  abandoned. 

6.  Another  method  tried,  but  not  adapted  to  these  species, 
was  that  described  by  Rosewall  (2). 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

1.  CHAPMAN,  R.  N.    Animal  Ecology,  p.  95.     McGraw-Hill 
Book  Co.,  Inc.     New  York  and  London.     1931. 

2.  ROSEWALL,    O.    W.      The    Biology    of    the    1'ook-Lousc, 
Troctes  divinatoria  Mull.     Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  Vol.  23,  pp. 
192-194.    1930. 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY   THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord. Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
In  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  In  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in    the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Bare,  C.  O. — Some  natural  enemies  of  stored 
tobacco  insects,  with  biological  notes.  [12]  35  (2):  185-189. 
Bishop,  A. — Chemotherapy  and  avian  malaria  [116]  34: 
1-54.  Breland,  O.  P. — For  more  clarity  in  entomological 
writing.  [6]  50  (2)  :  199-201.  Comstock,  W.  P.— Dating  the 
Systema  Entomologiae  by  Fabricius  and  Papillons  Ex- 
otiqties.  Volume  I  by  Cramer.  [6]  50  (2)  :  189-190.  Craig- 
head,  F.  C. — The  influence  of  insects  on  the  development  of 
forest  protection  and  forest  management.  [Ann.  Rept. 
Smithson.  Inst.]  1941 :  367-392,  ill.  Curtis,  W.  E.— A  method 
of  locating  insect  eggs  in  plant  tissues.  [12]  35  (2)  :  286,  ill. 
Davis,  W.  T. — In  memory  of  Charles  Schaeffer.  Compiled 
from  memoranda  found  among  the  papers  of  the  late  Charles 
W.  Leng.  [6]  50  (2)  :  209-210.  MacLagan,  D.  S.— Recent 
animal  population  studies  ;  and  their  significance  in  relation  to 
socio-biological  philosophy,  part  I.  [Proc.  Univ.  Durham 
Phil.  Soc.]  10  (4):  310-330.  [Section  IV.  Effects  of 
density  upon  insects  316-324,  328-329].  Medler,  J.  T.— A 
convenient  cage  for  confining  insects  to  plants.  [12]  35  (2)  : 
283-284,  ill.  Osborn,  H. — Early  work  and  workers  in  south- 
ern entomology.  [39]  25  (2)  :  29-31.  William  Schaus,  1858- 
1942,  obituary  by  Carl  Heinrich  and  Edward  A.  Chapin  [68] 
96  (2489)  :  244-245.  Stroyan,  H.  L.  G.— Application  of  the 
word  "genotype."  [9]  75  (750)  :  162.  Thomas,  C.  A.— Mush- 
room insects:  their  biology  and  control.  [Penna.  State  Coll. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  263 

School  Agric.  Bull]  419:  1—43,  ill.  Turrill,  W.  B.  and 
others. — Differences  in  the  systematics  of  plants  and  ani- 
mals and  their  dependence  on  differences  in  structure,  func- 
tion and  behavior  in  the  two  groups.  [Proc.  Linn.  Soc. 
London]  153rd  Session  (3):  272-287.  Twinn,  C.  R.— A 
summary  of  the  more  important  crop  pests  in  Canada  in 
1941.  [29]  72:  47-56.  Wainwright,  C.  J.— A  reply  to  Mr. 
Warren  [on  nomenclature].  [9]  75  (750):  162-163. 
Wheeler,  G. — Strict  priority  and  its  consequences  [9]  75 
(750)  :  163-164.  Wolcott,  G.  N. — The  requirements  of  para- 
sites for  more  than  hosts.  [68]  96  (2492)  :  317-318. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Anderson  &  Rich- 
ards.— Nature  through  the  electron  microscope.  [Sci.  Mo.] 
55:187-192,  ill.  Armand,  J.  E. — Thermal  preference  by 
Pharaoh's  ant.  Monomorium  pharaonis  (L.),  as  a  guide  in 
control  work.  [29]  72:  30-32.  Bishop,  D.  W. — Spermatocyte 
chromosome  aberrations  in  grasshoppers  subjected  to  x- 
radiation  during  embryonic  stages.  [J.  Morph.j  71:391-429, 
ill.  Boche  &  Buck. — Studies  on  the  hydrogen  ion  concentra- 
tion of  insect  blood  and  their  bearing  on  in  vitro  cytological 
technique.  [Phys.  Zonl.]  15:293-303.  Bragg,  S.  L.—Gynan- 
drous  Pieris  rapae.  [9]  75  (951):  202.  Chen,  S.— Differen- 
tial chromosomes  of  Arcyptera  coreana  shiraki.  [J.  Morph.] 
71  :  77-104,  ill.  Classey,  E.  W. — Spiral  segmentation  in 
Malacosoma  neustria  Lin.  [9]  75  (750)  :  151-152,  ill.  Gynan- 
dromorphism  in  Theobaldia  annulata  Schrank  (Diptera : 
Culicidae).  [9]  75  (951):  181.  Dethier,  V.  G.— Abdominal 
glands  of  Hesperiinae.  [6]  50  (2)  :  203-207,  ill.  Ditman,  L. 
P.,  Vogt,  G.  B.  &  Smith,  D.  R.— The  relation  of  unfreezable 
water  to  cold-hardiness.  [12]  35  (2):  265-272.  Griffiths  & 
Tauber. — Fecundity,  Longevity  and  parthenogenesis  of  the 
American  roach,  Periplaneta  americana.  [Phys.  Zool.]  15: 
196-209.  Helwig,  E.  R. — Unusual  integrations  of  the  chro- 
matin  in  Machaerocera  and  other  genera  of  the  Acrididae. 
[J.  Morph.]  71  :  1-34,  ill.  Kaufmann,  B.  P.  &  Demarec,  M. 
—Utilization  of  sperm  by  the  female  Drosophila.  [90]  76 
(766)  :  445-469.  Richards,  A.  G.  &  Anderson.  T.  F.— Elec- 
tron micrographs  of  insect  tracheae.  [6]  50  (2)  :  147-167,  ill. 
Electron  microscope  studies  of  insect  cuticle,  with  a  discus- 
sion of  the  application  of  electron  optics  to  this  problem. 
[J.  Morph.]  71  :  135-183,  ill.  Robinson,  G.  G.— The  penetra- 
tion of  pyrethrum  through  the  cuticle  of  the  tick  Ornith- 
odorus  moubata.  [116]  34:  113-121.  The  mechanism  of 
insemination  in  the  argasid  tick  Ornithodorus  moubata 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

[116]  34:  195-198,  ill.  Roy,  Ghosh  &  Chopra.— Comparative 
efficacy  of  different  culicifuges  under  laboratory  conditions. 
[116]  34:  152-154.  Snodgrass,  R.  E.— The  skeleto-muscular 
mechanisms  of  the  honey  bee.  [Smithson,  Misc.  Colls.]  103 
(2)  :  1-120,  ill.  Tauber  &  Clare. — Circulation  in  the  wings 
of  the  cockroach,  Blatella  germanica  L.  IV.  Circulation  in 
unsclerotized  wings  under  normal  and  experimental  con- 
ditions. [Trans.  Amer.  Micr.  Soc.]  61 :  290-296,  ill.  Wishart, 
G. — Observations  on  the  rise  in  temperature  due  to  meta- 
bolism in  cultures  of  the  Mediterranean  flour  moth,  Ephestia 
kuehniella  Zell.  [29]  72:  25-26,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA    AND    MYRIOPODA.— Brues,    C.    T.- 

Occurrence  of  Porocephalus  crotali  Humboldt  in  Florida. 
[Ohio  J.  Sci.]  42:112.  Chamberlin,  R.  V.— Two  millipeds 
of  the  genus  Rhysodesmus  from  Mexico.  [4]  74  (5)  :  91-92, 
ill.  (*).  Two  new  centipeds  from  the  Chilibrillo  caves, 
Panama.  [55]  18  (3):  125-126.  Chamberlin,  R.  V.,  &  Ivie, 
W. — Agelenidae  of  the  genera  Hololena,  Novalena,  Rualena 
and  Melpomene.  [7]  35  (2):  203-241,  ill.  (*).A  hundred 
new  species  of  American  spiders.  [Bull.  Univ.  Utah]  32 
(13)  :  1-117,  ill.  Gerschman,  B.  S.  &  Schiapelli,  R.  D.— Una 
especie  Paraguaya  del  genero  Parathalerothele  Canals,  1931. 
[44]  44:  105-106,  ill.  1940  (*).  Johnson,  M.  W.  &  Starling, 
J.  H. — Freezing  myriapods  for  photographing.  [68]  96 
(2492)  :  324.  Perm,  G.  H.— The  life  history  of  Porocephalus 
crotali,  a  parasite  of  the  Louisiana  muskrat.  [J.  Parasit.] 
28:  277-283,  ill.  Radford,  C.  D.— The  larval  Trombiculinae 
with  descriptions  of  twelve  new  species.  [116]  34:55-81. 
ill.  (*k).  Robinson,  G.  G. — See  under  Anatomy  Physiology, 
etc. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Borror,  D. 

J. — A  revision  of  the  Libelluline  genus  Erythrodiplax  (Odo- 
nata).  Columbus,  The  Ohio  State  University.  1942.  Pp. 
xv,  286,  including  41  pis.  Clay,  T. — Anoplura  [Brit.  Graham 
Land  Exped.  1934-37,  Sci.  Repts.  Brit.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  1 
(5):  295-318.  ill.  (*).  Costa  Lima,  A.  da. — Sobre  cupins- 
brocas  da  goiabeira  (Isoptera:  Kalotermitidae).  [Bol.  Soc. 
Brasil  Agronomia]  4  (4)  :  377-387,  ill.  Davis,  C. — Report  on 
a  collection  of  Embioptera  from  Trinidad  and  Guiana.  [107] 
B,  11  (8):  111-119,  ill.  *.  Dibb,  J.  R.— A  note  upon  the 
classification  of  the  Myrmeleonidae  (Neur.)  [8]  78  (938) : 
151  (k.).  Fraser,  F.  C. — A  note  on  the  evolution  of  some 
venational  structures  in  the  dragon  fly  wing.  [107],  A,  17 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  265 

(4-6)  :  64-69,  ill.  von  Hagen,  V.  W.— Natural  history  of 
termites.  II,  [Sci.  Mo.J  55:  29-41,  ill.  Hanson,  J.  F.- 
Studies  on  the  Plecoptera  of  North  America.  Ill,  Allo- 
capnia.  [19]  37  (3):  81-88,  ill.  Hopkins,  G.  H.  E— Stray 
notes  on  Mallophaga  V.  [75]  (11)  9  (50):  108-119.  Kudo, 
R.  R. — On  the  microsporidian,  Duboscqia  legeri  Perez  1908, 
parasitic  in  Reticulitermes  flavipes.  [J.  Morph.]  71 :  307- 
333,  ill.  McDunnough,  J. — An  apparently  new  Thraulodes 
from  Arizona  (Ephemerida).  [4]  74  (7):  117.  Mellanby,  K. 
—Natural  populations  of  the  head-louse  on  infected  children 
in  England.  [116]  34:  180-184.  Watson,  J.  R.— A  new  Frank- 
liniella  from  Florida  (Thysanoptera).  [39]  25  (2)  :  17-18,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Copeland,  C.  &  Messer,  C.  R.— Scout- 
ing for  the  European  earwig,  Forficula  auricularia  L.  in  On- 
tario, 1938-1941.  [29]  72:  27-29.  Evans,  W.  &  E.— Forty 
thousand  grasshoppers  [for  laboratories].  [Frontiers]  7 
(1):  24-26,  ill.  Griffiths  &  Tauber.— See  under  Anatomy, 
Physiology,  etc.  Henry,  G.  M. — Three  remarkable  stridula- 
tory  mechanisms  in  Acrididae.  [107]  A,  17  (4-6)  :  59-62,  ill. 
James,  H.  G. — Observations  on  the  biology  of  Mantis  reli- 
giosa  L.  [29]  72:  45-47,  ill.  Paul,  L.  C.— A  dry  bait  for 
grasshopper  control.  [4]  74  (5)  :  77-78.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G.- 
The  locusts  of  the  South  American  generic  group  Tristirae 
(Acrididae:  Cyrtacanthacridinae).  [1]  68  (1-2):  31-99,  ill. 
(k*).  Urquhart,  F.  A. — New  records  and  notes  of  Saltatoria 
in  Ontario  [4]  74  (6)  :  97-98.  Zeuner  F.  E.— The  fossil  Acri- 
didae. Pt.  II  Oedipoinae.  [75]  (11)  9  (50):  128-134. 

HEMIPTERA.— Beamer,  R.  H.— A  new  species  of 
Dorycephalus  (Cicadellidae).  [55]  18  (3):  135.  Berger,  E. 
W. — Status  of  the  friendly  fungus  parasites  of  armored 
scale  insects.  [39]  25  (2)  :  26-29.  Davis,  W.  T.— Notes  on 
cicadas  with  descriptions  of  new  species.  [6]  50  (2)  :  169- 
187,  ill.  DeLong,  D.  M. — A  new  genus  (Plumerella)  and  a 
new  species  of  grass-feeding  leafhopper  from  Mexico.  [7] 
35  (2)  :  200-202,  ill.  Twelve  new  species  of  Osbornellus 
(Cicadellidae)  from  Mexico,  Guatemala  and  Panama.  [19] 
37  (3):  92-101.  Gorham,  R.  P.— Rhamnus  alnifolia  1'Her., 
a  winter  host  of  Aphis  abbreviata  Patch,  one  of  the  Aphids 
feeding  upon  potato  foliage.  [4]  74  (5)  :  96.  The  progress 
of  the  potato  aphid  survey  in  New  Brunswick  and  adjacent 
pro%-inces.  [29]  72:  18-20.  Hamilton,  C.  C.— The  taxus 
mealybug,  Pseudococcus  cuspidatae  Ran.  [12]  35  (2):  173- 
175,  ill.  Harris,  H.  M. — Hebrus  Curtis  antedates  Naeogeus 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,    '42 

Laporte  (Hebridae).  [55]  18  (3):  124.  Some  new  Ameri- 
can Rhopalidae  [103]  15  (3):  100-105.  Hungerford,  H.  B.— 
Coleopterocoris,  an  interesting  new  genus  of  the  subfamily 
Potamocorinae  (Naucoridae).  [7]  35  (2):  135-139,  ill.  (S). 
Klostermayer,  E.  C. — The  alfalfa  plant  bug  (Adelphocoris 
lineolatus  Goeze)  in  Nebraska  (Miridae).  [103]  15  (3):  92. 
Knowlton,  G.  F. — Amphorophora  osborni  (Aphididae). 
[55]  18  (3)  :  143,  ill.  (*).  Miller,  N.  C.  E.— On  the  structure 
of  the  legs  in  Reduviidae  [107]  A,  17  (4-6)  ;  49-58,  ill.  Rau, 
G. — The  Canadian  apple  mealybuug,  Phenacoccus  aceris 
Signoret,  and  its  allies  in  northeastern  America.  [4]  74  (7)  : 
118-125,  ill.  (k).  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.  de  la.— An  apparently 
new  food  plant  for  Corythuca  ciliata  Say;  New  record  for 
Trichopepla  pleyto  Van  Duzee  (Pentatomidae)  ;  Foodplant 
of  Corimelaena  extensa  Uhler.  [19]  37  (3)  :90,  102,  113. 
Vevai,  E.  J. — See  under  Hymenoptera. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Allan,  P.  B.  M.— Traveling  butter- 
flies [9]  75  (950) :  147-150.  Arnott,  D.  A.— Evidences  of  a 
second  generation  of  the  European  corn  borer.  Pyrausta 
nubilalis  Hbn.,  in  Ontario.  [29]  :  9-12.  Balduf,  W.  V.— 

The  oviposition  habits  of  Feltia  subgothica  Haworth.  [12] 
35  (2)  :  290.  Bower,  H.  M. — Anisota  rubicunda  Fabr.  form 
sperryae  form  nov.  [4]  74  (6):  116.  Brown  F.  M. — Notes 
on  Ecuadorian  butterflies.  II.  Papilio.  [6]  50  (2)  :  123-134. 
Caesar  L. — Notes  on  the  egg  masses  of  the  white-marked 
tussock  moth.  [29]  72:  39-40.  Castle-Russel,  S.  G.— The 
occasional  scarcity  and  abundance  of  L.  with  special  refer- 
ence to  the  Rhopalocera  [in  England,  but  has  applicability 
elsewhere]  [Proc.  and  Trans.  South  London  Ent.  and  Nat. 
Hist.  Soc.]  1941-42  (2)  :  40-47.  Comstock,  W.  P.— The  name 
Biblis,  generic  and  specific  (Nymphalidae).  [19]  37  (3): 
89-90.  Papilio  lavina  Fabricius  and  Cramer.  [6]  50  (2)  : 
190-191.  See  also  the  General  Subject,  de  Martin,  M. — 
La  coleccion  de  Lepidopteros  del  Museo.  [Bol.  Mus.  Hist. 
Nat.  "Javier  Prado"]  vi  (21):  223-228.  McDunnough,  J.- 
Notes  on  Pantheinae  (Phalaenidae).  [4]  74  (5):  93-95  (*). 
Mclntyre,  H.  L. — The  present  threat  of  westward  spread  of 
the  gipsy  moth.  [12]  35  (2):  171-173.  Richards,  A.  G.,  Jr. 
—A  revision  of  the  species  of  Gabara  of  eastern  United 
States  (Phalaenidae)  [1]  68  (1,  2):  1-11,  ill.  (k).  Thomp- 
son, R.  W. — The  corn  borer  situation  in  Ontario  in  1941 
with"  notes  on  hybrid  and  broom  corn  infestation.  [29]  72: 
12-15.  Vance,  A.  M. — Studies  on  the  prevalence  of  the 


liii,    '42 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  267 

European  corn  borer  in  the  east  North  Central  States.  [U.  S. 
Dept.  Agric.  Circ.]  649;  1-23,  ill.  Williams,  C.  B.,  Cockbill, 
G.  F.,  Gibbs,  M.  E.  &  Dowries,  J.  A. — Studies  in  the  migra- 
tion of  L.  [36]  92  (1)  :  101-283,  ill.  Wilson,  J.  W.— Correla- 
tion of  sugar  yields  with  the  per  cent  of  joints  bored  by 
Diatraea  saccharalis  (F).  [39]  25  (2):  19-24.  Wishart,  G.- 
See  under  Anatomy,  Physiology,  etc. 

DIPTERA. — Alexander,  C.  P. — Records  and  descriptions 
of  neotropical  crane-flies  (Tipulidae),  xiv  [6]  50  (2) :  135- 
146  (*).  Andrews,  H.  W. — Wing-  markings  in  D.  [Proc. 
and  Trans.  South  London  Ent.  and  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  1941-42 
(2)  :  62-68,  ill.  Bellamy,  R.  E. — Observations  on  the  macro- 
scopic species-identification  of  larval  Anopheles  in  Georgia. 
[J.  Parasit.]  28:  299-310.  Bequaert,  J.— A  monograph  of 
the  Melophaginae,  or  kedflies,  of  sheep,  goats,  deer  and 
antelopes  (Hippoboscidae).  [70]  22  (3):  125-172,  ill.  (k). 
Causey,  O.  R.,  Deane,  L.  M.  &  M.  P.,  &  Sampaio,  M.— Note 
clarifying  the  status  of  Anopheles  albitarsis  and  A.  darlingi 
(Culicidae).  [10]  44  (6)  :  122-126,  ill.  Collin,  J.  E.— On  the 
generic  characters  of  Psilopa  Fin.  and  the  correct  iden- 
tity of  Discocerina  pulicaria  Hal.  (Ephydridae) ;  Note  on 
Mr.  Sabrosky's  article  on  Madiza.  [8]  78  (938):  148-150; 
171-172.  Cresson,  E.  T.,  Jr. — Synopses  of  North  American 
Ephydridae.  L.  The  subfamily  Psilopinae,  with  descr.  of 
new  species  [1]  68:  101-128.  (k).  Dalmat,  H.  T.— New 
genus  and  species  of  Cuterebridae  from  Costa  Rica  and  other 
taxonomic  notes.  [1]  68  (1-2):  23-29,  ill.  De  Bach,  P.- 
simple  method  of  obtaining  standardized  houseflies.  [12]  35 
(2)  :  282-283.  Eagles,  T.  R.— The  onion  fly  (Hylemyia 
antiqua  Meigen).  [Proc.  and  Trans.  South  London  Ent.  and 
Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  1941-42  (2)  :  48-50.  Fairchild,  G.  B.— Notes 
on  Tabanidae  from  Panama.  VII.  The  subgenus  Neota- 
banus  Ad.  Lutz.  VIII.  The  genera  Pityocera,  Scione  and 
Kisenbcckia.  [7]  35  (2):  153-182,  ill.  (k*j;  183-199,  ill.  (k*). 
Gibson,  N.  H.  E. — Mating  swarm  in  a  Chironomid,  Spanio- 
toma  minima  [31]  150  (3800)  :  268-269.  Hardy,  D.  E.- 
Studies  in  New  World  Plecia  (Bibionidae),  pt.  II.  [4]  74 
(6):  105-116  (*).  Harmston,  F.  C.  &  Knowlton,  G.  F.- 
New  Dolichopodidae  from  Utah  and  Colorado.  [4]  74  (5)  : 
80-85,  ill.  Harriot,  S.  C. — Notes  on  the  genus  Seioptera 
Kirby  (Otitidae.  [6]  50  (2):  195-197  (k*).  Hart,  T.  A.- 
The  larval  pilotaxy  of  Culex  pipiens  with  special  reference 
to  genetics.  [7]  35  (2):  141-152,  ill.  Imms,  A.  D.— On 


268  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

Braula  coeca  Nitsch  and  its  affinities.  [116]  34:  88-100  ill 
King,  W.  V.,  Bradley,  G.  H.,  &  McNeel,  T.  E.— The  mos- 
quitoes of  the  southeastern  states.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  Misc. 
Pub.]  336:  1-96,  ill.  Revised  June,  1942.  Reinhard,  H.  J.— 
New  North  American  Tachinidae  belonging  to  the  genera 
Microchaetina  and  Hypenomyia  with  key  to  the  known 
species  [4]  74  (5)  :  88-91.  Richards,  O.  W.— Sphaeroceridae 
[British  Graham  Land  Exped.  1934-37,  Sci.  Repts.  Brit. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  1  (7)  :  323-326,  ill,  (*).  Sabrosky,  C.  W.— 
Madiza:  a  Chloropid  or  a  Milichiid?  [8]  78  (939)  :  169-171. 
Steyskal,  G. — Miscellaneous  behavioristic  observations  upon 
D.  (Clusiidae,  Chloropidae,  Sciomyzidae).  [19]  37  (3): 
101-102.  Vargas  L. — Anopheles  xelajuensis  Romeo  de 
Leon,  1938,  en  Mexico;  El  huevecillo  de  Anopheles  (Ano- 
pheles) eiseni  Coquillet,  1902.  [Revista  Inst.  Salub.  En- 
ferm.  trop.]  3  (2):  169-175,  ill.;  185-187,  ill.  Vargas,  L.  & 
Martinez  P.,  A. — Anopheles  hectoris  Mira,  1931.  [Revista 
Inst.  Salub.  Enferm.  trop.]  3  (2)  :  177-184,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— Arrow,  G.  J.— Can  indistinguishable 
specimens  be  of  different  species?  [9]  75  (951):  169-171. 
Balch,  R.  E. — On  the  estimation  of  forest  insect  damage 
with  particular  reference  to  Dendroctenus  piceaperda  Hopk. 
[Jour.  Forestry]  40  (8)  :  621-629,  with  comments  by  S.  A. 
Graham,  629.  Barr,  W.  F. — A  new  species  of  Acmaeodera 
from  southern  California  (Buprestidae)  [55]  18  (3):  113- 
114.  Blaisdell,  F.  E.,  Jr.— Miscellaneous  studies  in  the  C. 
No.  6  (Melyridae  and  Tenebriondae.  [1]  68:  129-149  (*). 
Bb'ving,  A.  G. — Description  of  the  third-state  larva  of  Am- 
phimallon  majalis  (Razoumowsky).  [10]  44  (6):  111-121, 
ill.  (k).  Brown,  W.  J. — The  American  species  of  Phytodecta 
Kby.  (Chrysomelidae).  [4]  74  (6):  99-105,  ill.  (k*). 
Bryant,  G.  E. — New  species  of  Chrysomelidae,  Halticinae, 
collected  by  Charles  Darwin  during  the  voyage  of  the 
Beagle  1832-36.  [75]  (11)  9  (50):  99-107.  Bugbee,  R.  E.- 
Damage  to  kernels  of  wheat  by  Harpalus  amputatus  Say. 
in  western  Kansas.  [103]  15  (3)  :108.  Costa  Lima,  A.  da.— 
Sobre  a  "joaninha"  "Coccidophilus  citricola"  Brethes,  1905 
(Coccinellidae).  Rev.  Brasil.  Biol.]  1  (4):  409-414,  ill. 
Dahl,  R.  G. — The  taxonomic  status  of  Cicindela  formosa 
subspecies  gibsoni  W.  J.  Brown.  [55]  18  (3)  :132.  van 
Emden,  F.  I. — Larvae  of  British  beetles.  III.  Keys  to  the 
families.  [8]  78  (940)  :  206-216.  A  key  to  the  genera  of  larval 
Carabidae.  [36]  92  (1)  :  1-99,  ill.  Fisher,  W.  S.— A  revision 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  269 

of  the  North  American  species  of  Buprestid  beetles  belong- 
ing- to  the  tribe  Chrysobothrini.  [U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  Misc. 
Pub.]  470:  1-274,  ill.  (k*).  Fletcher,  F.  C.— Technique  for 
mounting  small  C.  [118]  15  (6)  :  100-101.  Forbes,  W.  T.  M. 

-The  wing  of  Mastogenius.    [6]  50  (2)  :  193-194,  ill.    Gam- 
brell,  F.  L.,  Mendall,  S.  C.  &  Smith,  E.  H. — A  destructive 
European  insect  new  to  the  United  States    [Amphimallus 
majalis    Razoum.    var.    rufescens    Latreille    Scarabaeidae]. 
f  12]  35  (2)  :  289.   Hammond,  G.  H.— The  white  grub  situa- 
tion in  Ontario  during  1941  and  forecast  for  1942.    [29]  72: 
16-18.   Hicks,  S.  D. — Observations  on  the  adult  of  Sandalus 
niger   Knoch   in   southern   Ontario    (Rhipiceridae).     [4]    74 
(5) :  78-79.    Horsfall,  W.  R.— Biology  of  the  squash  blister 
beetle    [Henous   confertus   Say,   Meloidae].     [103]    15    (3): 
93-99.   Jones,  E.  W.  &  Shirck,~F.  H.— The  seasonal  vertical 
distribution   of  wireworms  in  the  soil  in   relation   to  their 
control  in  the  Pacific  Northwest.    [47]  65:  125-142.    Leech, 
H.  B. — New  or  insufficiently  known  Nearctic  species  and 
subspecies  of  Agabus  (Dytiscidae.    [4]  74  (7)  :  125-136,  ill. 
McLaine,  L.  S. — Japanese  beetle  situation.    [29]    72:  8-9, 
map.    Moore,   W.  &  M.  B. — Two  species   of  black   carpet 
beetle  [12]  35  (2)  :  288.   Philip,  C.  B.— Four  new  species  of 
white-fringed  beetles   (subgenus  Graphognathus)  from  the 
southeastern    part    of    the    United    States    (Curculionidae). 
[19]  37  (3)  :  107-110  (k).   Soukup,  J.— Apuntes  para  la  zoo 
geografia  entomologica  (Entomografia  peruana)   [Bol.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  "Javier  Prado"]  VI   (21.).:  172-192.    Struble,  G. 
R. — Biology  of  two  native  Coleopterous   predators  of  the 
mountain  pine  beetle  in  sugar  pine.    [55]  18  (3)  :  97-107,  ill. 
Wallace,  P.  P.  &  Beard,  R.  L. — Larval   characteristics  of 
certain  elm  bark  infesting  C.    [4]  74  (5)  :  86-87,  ill.   Watson, 
J.  R. — The  spread  of  the  Mexican  bean  beetle.    [39]  25  (2)  : 
25.   Young,  F.  N. — New  species  of  Copelatus  from  the  We^t 

Indies  (Dytiscidae).    [Proc.  N.  Eng.  Zool.  Club]  20:  79-94. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bohart,  G.  E.— A  synopsis  of  the 
genus  Micralictoides  (Apoidea).  [55]  18  (3):  119-123,  ill. 
(*).  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Collecting  wild  bees  in  the  Yose- 
mite.  [55]  18  (3)  :  136-139.  Donisthorpe,  H.— Laboulbenia- 
ceae  and  ants;  Insects  destroyed  by  their  own  poison  gn^ 
[8]  78  (940)  :  193-199;  203.  Flanders,  S.  E.— Tho  deoosition 
of  non-viable  eggs  by  H.  [12]  35  (2)  :  283.  The  introduction 
of  Phvscus  testaceus  Masi  [Chnlcidoiden]  into  California. 
[12]  35  (2):  290.  Krombein,  K.  V.—A  new  species  of 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,   '42 

Tiphia  from  California.  [55]  18  (3):  139-143  (k).  Lafleur, 
L.  J. — Ant  behavior  in  the  face  of  obstacles.  [Sci.  Mo.]  54: 
467-471.  Linsley,  E.  G. — Notes  and  descriptions  of  some 
North  American  parasitic  bees  (Nomadidae).  [55]  18  (3)  : 
127-132  (*).  Michener,  C.  D.— North  American  bees  of  the 
genus  Ancyloscelis  (Anthophoridae).  [55]  18  (3):  108-113, 
ill.  (k).  Mitchell,  T.  B. — Notes  and  descriptions  of  nearctic 
Megachile.  [55]  18  (3):  115-118  (*).  Pate,  V.  S.  L.— A 
review  of  the  Myrmecotherous  genus  Tracheliodes  (Spheci- 
clae:  Pemphilidini).  [Lloydia]  5  (3)  :  222-244,  ill.  (k*).  Rau, 
P. — The  sting  of  Polistes  pallipes  Lep.  [4]  74  (5)  :  95. 
Snodgrass,  R.  E. — See  under  Anatomy,  Physiology,  etc. 
Strandtmann,  R.  W. — On  the  marriage  flight  of  Pogono- 
myrmex  comanche  Wheeler  (Formicidae)  [7]  35  (2)  :  140. 
Vevai,  E.  J. — On  the  bionomics  of  Aphidius  matricariae 
Hal.,  braconid  parasite  of  Myzus  persicae  Sulz.  [116]  34: 
141-151,  ill.  Weyrauch,  W.— La  hormiga  "Coquis."  [Bol. 
Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  "Javier  Prado"]  VI  (21):  193-201,  ill. 
Wilkes,  A. — Notes  on  the  laboratory  propagation  of  three 
European  species  of  Exenterus  (Ichneumonidae),  parasitic 
on  sawflies.  [29]  72:  41-44,  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Those  interested  in  neotropical 
insects  may  find  data  of  value  in  two  reviews  in  Chronica 
Botanica,  Waltham,  Massachusetts,  7  (5),  Sept.,  1942: 
Darrah,  W.  C. — -A  brief  account  of  the  geology  of  S.  Amer- 
ica, 207-211,  1  map.  Hardy,  F. — The  soils  of  South  America, 
211-217,  3  maps,  bibliography  with  each;  also  in  numerous 
papers  on  the  geology  of  Mexico,  Central  and  South  Amer- 
ica by  Arango,  G.  B.,  and  many  other  authors  in  Proceed- 
ings, 8th  American  Scientific  Congress,  Vol.  IV,  Geological 
Sciences,  pp.  19-762,  Washington,  1942. 

The  Third  Part  of  Mosquitoes  of  the  Ethiopian  Region, 
Dr.  F.  W.  Edwards'  Culicine  Adults  and  Pupae,  printed  by 
order  of  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  His- 
tory) 1941,  issued  Jan.  24,  1941,  has  been  received  recently. 
Its  author  died  Nov.  15,  1940,  as  the  volume  was  about  to 
go  to  press.  It  consists  of  viii,  499  pages,  183  text-figures 
and  three  colored  plates  of,  chiefly  thoraccs,  of  adults.  The 
fourth  section  of  this  volume  deals  with  the  zoogeography 
of  Ethiopian  mosquitoes,  pp.  448-485. 


EXCHANGES 

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Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Mark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted— Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 

Wanted — Tropical  Lepidoptera  and  Insects.  Also  domestic  species. 
Will  exchange  or  buy  specimens.  M.  A.  Zappalorti,  253  Senator 
Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Calendra  (Sphenophorus)  from 
North  America.  Will  exchange  Eastern  U.  S.  Calendra  or  other 
Coleoptera  for  desired  species.  R.  C.  Casselbcrry,  302  Lincoln 
Avenue,  Lansdowne,  Penna. 

Coccinellidae  wanted  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  especially  South 
and  Central  America.  Buy  or  exchange.  G.  H.  Dieke,  1101 
Argonne  Drive,  Baltimore,  Md. 


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MANUAL  OF  MYIOLOGY  (IN  TWELVE  PARTS) 

by  Charles  H.  T.  Townsend 

Part  I.  Development  and  Structure.  1934.  275  pp. 

Part  II.  Muscoid  Classification  and  Habits.  1935.  280  pp.  9  pis. 

Part  III.         Oestroid  Classification  and  Habits.   (Gymnosomatidae  to  Tac- 

hinidae).  1936.  249pp. 
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1936.  303  pp. 

Part  V.  Muscoid    Generic  Diagnoses  and  Data  (Glossinini  to  Agriini). 

1937.  232  pp. 

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1939.  405  pp. 
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1939.  268  pp. 
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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOR    SALE    BY 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1099. — Blaisdell  (F.  E.,  Sr.) — Miscellaneous  studies  in  the  Cole- 
optera  No.  6.  Melyridae  and  Tenebrionidae.  (68: 
129-149,  1942)  40 

DIPTERA 

1095. — Bromley  (S.  W.)- — Madagascar  robber  flies  with  descr. 

of  n.  sps.  Asilidae.  (68:  11-22,  figs.,  1942)  25 

1096. — Dalmat  (H.  T.). — New  gen.  and  sp.  of  Cuterebridae  from 
Costa  Rica  and  other  taxonomic  notes.  (68:  23-30,  pi., 
1942) .25 

M-10. — Huckett  (H.  C.) — Revision  of  the  No.  Amer.  sps. 
belonging  to  the  gen.  Pegomyia.  Muscidae.  (Mem  10, 
131,  pp.,  1941) 3.00 

1098.— Cresson  (E.  T.,  Jr.)— Synopses  of  N.  Am.  Ephydridae. 
I.  The  subfam.  Psilopinae,  with  descr.  of  n.  sps.  (68: 
101-128,  1942)  50 

HYMENOPTERA 

1033.— Ries  (D.  T.).— Revision  of  the  Nearctic  Cephidae.     (63: 

259-324,  3  pis.,  1937) 1.50 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1094. — Richards    (A.    G.). — Revision   of   the   sps.   of   Gabara   of 

eastern  U.  S.  Phalaenidae.  (68:  1-10,  pi.,  1942) 20 

NEUROPTERA 

1025. — Denning     (D.      G.).  —  Biology     of     some     Minnesota 

Trichoptera.   (63:  17-43,  pi.,  1937) .55 

ORTHOPTERA. 

1097. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — The  locusts  of  the  S.  Am.  generic  group 
Tristirae.  Acrididae:  Cyrtacanthacridinae.  (68:  31-100, 

7  pis.,  1942)   1.50 

100. — Roberts  (H.  R.) — Two  subsps.  of  Melanoplus  differen- 
tialis  and  related  n.  sps.  from  Mexico,  with  discussion 
of  their  variations.  Acrididae:  Cyrtacanthacridinae.  (68: 
151-166,  2  pis.,  1942) 35 


/   / 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


DIV.  INS; 


DECEMBER,  1942 


Vol.  LIII 


No.  10 


CONTENTS 

An  Appreciation 271 

Abbott — The  Circling  of  Gyrinus  (Coleoptera:  Gyrinidae) 271 

Worth— Studies  on  Sibling  Callosamia  angulifera  (Lepidoptera:  Satu- 

rnidae)  274 

Forbes — The  genus  Megistanis  (Lepidoptera:  Nymphalidae)  ....  278 
Rees — Overwintering  Habits  in  Utah  of  Anopheles  maculipenuis  free- 

borni  Aitken  (  Diptera:  Culicidae)  282 

Sabrosky — An  Unusual  Rearing  of  Rainieria  brunneipes  (Cresson) 

(Diptera:  Micropezidae)  283 

Anigstein  and  Bader — Spotted  Fever  in  the  Gulf  Coast  of  Texas  .  .  .  285 

Fernald — Annotated  List  of  Florida  Sphecinae  (Hym.:  ^phecidae)  .  286 
Brown — Socalled  Papilio  ajax  americus  Kollar  in  North  America 

CLepidoptera:  Papilionidae) 291 

Froeschner,  R.  C. — The  Nymphs  of  Aelia  and  Neottiglossa  (Hemi- 

ptera:  Pentatomidae) 292 

Rau — Habitat  Preferences  of  Polistes  Warps  (Hymenoptera:  Vespidae)  293 

Current  Entomological  Literature  296 

Title  Page  and  Index  of  Vol.  LIII 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  LIII  DECEMBER,  1942  No  10 

An  Appreciation 

The  first  number  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  appeared  on 
January  14,  1890,  printed  by  Paul  C.  Stockhausen,  at  55  North 
7th  Street,  Philadelphia.  With  two  interruptions  of  one  year 
each,  he  continued  to  print  it  to  his  death,  in  July,  1935,  as 
gratefully  recorded  in  the  NEWS  for  October  of  that  year.  Since 
his  decease  his  Estate,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Charles  O. 
Weber,  has  continued  its  publication.  The  economic  events 
of  the  last  year  have  had  their  effects  on  the  printing 
business  and  the  Estate  has  decided  that  it  can  no  longer  carry 
on.  We  are,  therefore,  compelled  to  seek  another  printer  and 
to  announce  that  at  the  end  of  a  period  of  fifty-three  years, 
the  honored  name  of  Stockhausen  will  not  be  associated  with 
the  NEWS  after  December,  1942.  We  regret  to  lose  our  contact 
with  Mr.  Weber  who  has  seen  us  through  our  trials  and  our 
joys  of  the  past  seven  and  one-half  years  and  he  carries  with 
him  our  best  wishes  for  his  future  activities. 


The  Circling  of  Gyrinus  (Coleoptera:  Gyrinidae) 

By  CYRIL  E.  ABBOTT,  Harding  College, 
Searcy,  Arkansas 

This  is' by  way  of  reply  to  a  note  by  C.  Brooke  Worth  which 
appeared  in  the  June  issue  (Vol.  LIII,  No.  6)  of  Entomological 
News,  concerning  the  circling  of  Gyrinus.  Worth's  communi- 
cation objects  to  my  conclusion  that  the  circling  of  Gyrhius 
increases  the  probability  that  it  will  encounter  prey.  The  fol- 
lowing analysis,  a  copy  of  which  has  also  been  sent  to  Dr. 
\Vorth,  I  hope  will  be  published — not  simply  as  an  attempted 
refutation  of  his  conclusion,  but  for  the  sake  of  arousing  in 
others  interest  in  the  solution  of  this  problem. 

271 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

In  the  first  place  I  want  to  state  positively  that  I  regret 
having  given  the  impression  that  the  circular  movements  of 
Gyrinus  may  be  due  entirely  to  the  increased  chances  for 
encountering  prey.  Indeed,  it  is  a  fixed  intention  of  mine 
never  to  accept  an  explanation  as  final.  A  living  organism  of 
the  simplest  kind  is  so  complex  that  even  apparently  single, 
automatic  responses  are  seldom  the  result  of  a  single  cause, 
nor  are  they  generally  as  simple  as  they  appear.  I  have  as 
yet  to  investigate  some  other  possibilities  with  respect  to 
Gyrinus.  Some  of  these  will  be  evident  from  what  follows. 

The  difficulty  in  understanding  how  circling  can  increase 
chance  encounters  may  arise  from  a  limited  knowledge  of  the 
habits  of  Gyrinus.  These  beetles  generally  congregate  close  to 
the  shores  of  lakes  and  rivers,  and  it  is  only  occasionally  that 
they  spend  long  periods  in  open  water. 

Now  this  habit  is  probably  partly  the  result  of  efforts  of 
the  insects  to  avoid  rough  water.  But  one  should  also  remem- 
ber that  the  shore  is  generally  lined  with  plants,  often,  if  not 
generally,  overhanging  the  water,  from  which  small  insects 
fall  upon  the  surface  of  river,  lake,  or  pond.  Therefore,  the 
chances  for  Gyrinus  to  encounter  prey  are  definitely  dependent 
upon  remaining  inshore.  If  the  beetle  swims  in  a  straight  line 
toward  the  open  water,  its  chance  of  encountering  floating 
insects  decreases  progressively.  It  can,  of  course,  follow  the 
shoreline,  in  which  case  its  path  is  necessarily  undulatory.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  Gyrinus  actually  does  this.  Its  circling  is 
almost  never  confined  to  a  single  circle  of  constant  diameter, 
but  may  be  cycloid,  ellipsoidal,  or  it  may  be  that  of  a  "figure 
eight'  ;  it  may  be  such  that  the  insect  is  confined  to  a  limited 
area,  or  it  may  carry  the  animal  considerable  distance  from  its 
starting  point. 

The  "territory  already  found  sterile"  may  not  remain  so 
near  the  shoreline  where  Gyrinus  is  generally  found.  Unless 
one  is  willing  to  postulate  that  a  spot  "found  sterile"  will 
remain  so  for  some  time,  this  objection  will  hot  hold.  And  I 
have  already  pointed  out  that  insects  are  constantly  falling 
from  the  foliage  overhead. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  273 

I  am  probably  the  world's  worst  mathematician,  but,  if  my 
simple  arithmetic  is  correct,  a  square  has  a  greater  area  than 
any  other  rectangle  of  equal  perimeter.  If  Gyrinus  moves  in  a 
circle  with  a  radius  of  2  cm.,  and  if  we  assume  that  a  strip 
2  cm.  in  width  around  the  circle  is  within  the  vibratory  "sphere 
of  influence,"  we  find  that  the  diameter  of  the  larger  circle  is 
8  cm.  This  squared  gives  us  a  surface  of  approximately  64 
sq.  cm.  But  the  perimeter  of  Gyrinus'  circle  is  approximately 
12.5  cm.,  and  assuming  that  this  is  extended  in  a  straight  line, 
there  is  then  a  total  area  of  influence  of  4  cm.  The  product 
of  these  is  50  sq.  cm.  --14  cm.  less  than  that  of  the  inscribed 
circle. 

Of  course,  the  advantage  of  this  is  only  present  if  it  can 
be  demonstrated  that  the  number  of  insects  falling  within  this 
area  is  greater  than  would  be  the  case  if  the  insect  moved 
along  a  different  path.  As  I  have  indicated  above,  I  believe 
this  to  be  the  case. 

There  are  undoubtedly  other  factors  that  tend  to  confine 
Gyrinus  to  a  given  locality  through  circling.  Among  these  are 
the  various  effects  of  light  and  shade,  the  relative  roughness 
of  the  water's  surface,  and  a  possible  "social  effect."  As  to 
the  last,  I  have  noted  that  the  more  specimens  there  are  in  a 
given  area,  the  less  active  the  beetles  become,  and  the  smaller 
the  curves  they  describe.  Undoubtedly,  the  presence  of  other 
members  of  its  own  species  has  an  effect  upon  Gyrinus,  though 
it  may  be  that  the  peculiarities  of  group  behavior  are  a  con- 
comitant with  the  formation  of  the  group,  and  with  it  the 
result  of  a  common  cause. 

Please  do  not  have  the  impression  that  I  am  merely  trying 
to  defend  a  position  that  is  untenable,  for  if  such  is  the  case 
I  am  willing  to  alter  my  conclusions.  I  simply  do  not  agree  that 
Worth's  brief  analysis  disposes  of  the  question. 


274  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

Studies   on   Sibling  Callosamia  angulifera  (Lepido- 

ptera:  Saturnidae). 

By  C.  BROOKE  WORTH,  Swarthmore  College, 

Swarthmore,   Pennsylvania. 

(Continued    from    Page   244.) 

Phylogenetically  it  is  probably  the  female  that  has  increased 
relatively  in  size  rather  than  the  male's  having  become  smaller, 
the  species'  loss  of  the  digestive  function  at  maturity  having 
made  it  incumbent  upon  females  to  hatch  with  large  numbers 
of  eggs  already  maturing.  But  there  are  undoubtedly  forces 
tending  to  enlarge  the  males,  too.  Greater  strength  in  flight 
would  give  larger  males  an  advantage  over  smaller  ones  in 
reaching  the  females  first.  But  this  tendency  may  be  over- 
balanced by  the  greater  physiologic  value  in  the  advanced 
hatching-date  of  small  males.  Thus  the  present  difference  in 
the  sizes  of  the  sexes  of  this  species  is  an  indication  of  the 
optimum  disparity  in  weight  or  in  quantity  of  metabolically 
active  tissue. 

The  hatching  sequence  of  each  sex  was  again  random,  that 
is,  the  successive  males  or  females  were  not  invariably  larger 
than  their  respective  predecessors ;  nor  could  I  detect  even  a 
tendency  for  this  to  be  true.  The  very  last  cocoon  to  hatch 
happened  actually  to  be  an  exceptionally  small  female.  Thus 
the  above  physiological  generalizations  must  be  looked  at  quite 
broadly  in  terms,  as  I  have  said,  of  the  species  as  a  whole.  But 
the  lack  of  successive  increase  in  size  of  hatching  males  and 
females  in  this  series  does  show  a  definite  physiological  varia- 
tion among  the  siblings,  in  accord  wth  my  observations  during 
their  larval  days. 

There  were  also  readily  seen  differences  in  the  colors  and 
patterns  of  the  moths'  wings.  The  males  varied  between 
brownish  and  blackish,  the  females  between  reddish-brown  and 
orange-red.  The  angular  markings  on  the  wings  of  both  sexes 
also  showed  variations  in  their  breadth  or  narrowness. 

I  was  unable  to  note  many  differences  in  the  moths'  behavior. 
The  principal  one  was  in  the  choice  of  a  site  for  clinging  while 
the  wings  grew — this  inequality  in  reaction  was  reminiscent  of 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  275 

the  antics  observed  during  the  cocoon-spinning  epoch.  Most 
of  the  moths  appeared  to  he  quite  content  to  hang  from  the 
wire-netting  of  their  cage.  But  an  occasional  one  seemed  to 
have  no  inclination  for  being  thus  confined.  Racing  up  and 
down  the  walls  and  over  the  layer  of  unhatched  cocoons  at 
the  bottom,  dragging  its  already  e  x  p  a  n  d  i  n  g  wings  without 
apparent  regard  to  injuries  sustained  by  those  delicate  append- 
ages in  their  crucial  state,  k  n  o  c  k  i  n  g  down  many  a  more 
phlegmatic  sister  or  brother,  this  moth  might  not  resign  itself 
to  the  cage  for  an  hour  or  more  and  would  invariably  have  to 
pay  for  its  lack  of  docility  by  finally  acquiring  hopelessly 
deformed  wings. 

The  mating  behavior  of  the  moths  was  quite  uniform. 
Females  placed  on  the  same  screened  porch  as  their  dead 
mother  were  discovered  by  wild  males  at  approximately  nine 
o'clock  every  night.  Copulation  lasted  about  two  to  two-and-a- 
half  hours.  If  the  females  were  allowed  to  remain  on  the 
porch  overnight  they  laid  no  eggs.  Nor  did  females  placed  in 
a  box  lay  eggs  the  first  night.  Apparently,  they  are  able  to 
resist  the  impulse  to  lay  for  at  least  twenty-four  hours  in  the 
absence  of  the  proper  stimulus,  that  is,  the  foliage  of  a  plan: 
suitable  to  the  future  larvae.  Females  placed  in  nets  surround- 
ing a  tulip  poplar  branch  began  laying  eggs  almost  immediately 
following  the  termination  of  copulation. 

While  the  males  gathered  outside  the  screened  porch,  we 
kept  the  lights  burning  in  our  house  as  usual.  Yet  not  a  male 
fluttered  against  the  windows  toward  the  light.  The  mating 
instinct  was  stronger  than  positive  phototropism.  Nor  did  the 
light  seem  to  interfere  at  all  with  the  males'  sense  of  the  females' 
direction  and  position  :  they  readily  found  the  exact  spots  on 
the  screen  behind  which  females  were  waiting,  even  though 

O  '  O 

in  some  cases  one  of  the  lights  was  shining  directly  upon  them. 
In  no  case  did  any  of  the  females  mate  with  more  than  one 
male.  I  mention  this  because  of  an  experience  I  once  had  when 
wishing  to  raise  sibling  T.  polypheiints.  The  virginal  female 
was  tied  with  string  to  a  twig  out-of-doors.  The  next  morning 


276  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,  '42 

she  was  mated  to  one  male  while  two  other  males  clung  to  the 
copulating  pair.  At  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  first 
male  unclasped,  whereupon  a  second  one  immediately  continued 
the  act  of  fertilization.  At  nine  that  night  he  ceased,  and  the 
third  and  last  one  copulated  with  the  female  for  two  hours 
longer.  Thus  the  capture  of  an  already  fertilized  wild  moth 
cannot  always  give  one  assurance  that  the  offspring  will  be 
full-blooded  siblings. 

Of  the  original  one  hundred  and  ten  cocoons  of  C.  angulifcra, 
only  ninety-eight  hatched.  The  remaining  twelve  showed  three 
general  causes  of  death:  failure  of  the  caterpillar  to  pupate; 
drying  of  the  pupa  without  imaginal  metamorphosis ;  and  death 
of  the  pupa  after  varying  degrees  of  imaginal  metamorphosis 
had  occurred.  Metazoal  parasitization  of  the  caterpillars  had 
been  eliminated  by  the  use  of  protective  mosquito-netting  bags. 
Hence  these  deaths  must  have  been  due  either  to  disease  caused 
by  micro-organisms  or  else  to  constitutional  or  genetic 
deficiencies  of  the  caterpillars  and  pupae  themselves. 

Among  successfully  hatched  cocoons  there  were  thirty-nine 
males  and  fifty-nine  females.  While  this  is  a  ratio  of  approxi- 
mately two  to  three,  it  does  not  deviate  sufficiently  from  a  one- 
to-one  sex  ratio  to  be  significant.  It  is  even  possible  that 
unknown  factors  in  the  rearing  of  the  caterpillars  favored  the 
survival  of  females. 

In  Graph  I,  I  have  charted  the  successively  hatching  moths 
in  terms  of  the  percent  total  of  each  sex  hatched  to  date.  It 
will  be  seen  in  this  comparison  that  males  always  retained  their 
lead  over  the  females ;  that  the  first  male  preceded  the  first 
female  by  three  days ;  and  that  the  last  female  followed  the 
last  male  by  six  days.  It  is  barely  conceivable  that  a  six-day- 
old  male  might  still  be  able  to  fertilize  a  female ! 

The  effect  of  temperature  is  readily  seen  in  the  graph.  The 
last  half  of  May  was  uniformly  warm  and  dry.  During  this 
period  most  of  the  moths  hatched.  June  started  in  with  a 
cloudy  period,  however,  with  some  rain  and  many  chilly  days. 
Few  moths  hatched  during  this  interval.  After  June  8  it 
became  warm  again  and  hatching  was  promptly  resumed. 


liii,  '42] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


277 


Hatching  of  Sibling  C.  anoulifera.  1942.. 


-0 

o 

-K 

1 

I 

I 


To  emphasize  the  tendency  of  males  to  hatch  before  females. 
I  have  also  charted  the  percent  excess  of  hatched  males  over 
hatched  females  on  successive  dates.  This  curve  is  striking  in 
the  demonstration  that  when  hatching  is  most  rapid  in  both 
sexes,  the  relative  excess  of  males  over  females  also  reaches 
its  maximum.  The  period  May  20  to  27  represents  the  peak 
of  such  excessive  hatching  activity  among  the  males.  A  sec- 
ondary tendency  toward  a  peak— or  at  least  a  resistance  to 
decline — is  seen  at  the  beginning  of  warm  weather  following 
the  first  week  of  June.  After  hatching  of  the  last  male  on 
June  13,  the  curve  naturally  drops  rapidly  to  zero. 

It  may  be  finally  remarked  that  hatching  of  these  moths 
required  forty  days  from  start  to  finish.  The  initial  four-day 
difference  in  their  ages  was,  therefore,  ultimately  stretched  to 
thirty-six  days.  Males  hatched  during  a  thirty-four-day  period, 
females  during  thirty-seven  days.  Thus  a  pronounced  chrono- 
logical difference  in  hatching  physiology  became  evident  in 
siblings  of  approximately  equal  age,  amounting  to  thirty  days 
among  males  and  thirty-three  days  among  females.  This 
variation  is  in  surprising  accord  with  the  one  noted  when  the 
caterpillars  spun  their  cocoons :  for  the  complete  annual  cycle 
of  my  colony  of  sibling  C.  angulifcra  it  still  consists  of  one  day 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

for  about  ten  days  of  total  life. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

1.  Morphological  variation  among  sibling  C.  angulifera  may 
be  detected  as  early  as  in  the  third  instar. 

2.  Variations  in  behavior  of  sibling  C.  angulifera  is  very 
noticeable  during  the  cocoon-spinning  epoch. 

3.  The  smaller  size  of  male  C.  angulifera  than  that  of 
females  leads  to  earlier  hatching  of  the  males.  This  has  survival 
value  for  the  species. 

4.  Physiologic    variation    among    sibling    C.    angulifera    is 
demonstrated  by  their  random  times  of  spinning  and  hatching, 
regardless  of  size,  in  an  identical  environment. 

5.  When  hatching  is  most  rapid  in  both  sexes  of   C. 
angulifera,  the  relative  excess  of  males  over  females  also  reaches 
its  maximum. 

6.  Chronological    variation    in    development    of    sibling    C. 
angulifera  is  augmented  at  the  rate  of  one  day  of  variation  for 
every  ten  days  of  the  colony's  life. 

7.  Variations  noted  in  these  studies  indicate  that  members 
of  this  colony  of  sibling  C.  angulifera  were  markedly  hetero- 
zygous— so  much  so  that  the  colony's  activities  were  strongly 
suggestive  of  the  species  as  a  whole. 

My  thanks  are  due  to  Eleanor  M.  Paxson  for  drawing  the 
graph  accompanying  this  article. 


The  Genus  Megistanis  (Lepidoptera,  Nymphalidae) 

By  WM.  T.  M.  FORBES,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

This  genus  is  one  of  the  most  striking  elements  of  the  Neo- 
tropical butterfly  fauna,  ranging  from  Central  America  (the 
single  species  baeotus)  to  the  Upper  Amazon  basin,  with  its 
tributaries.  We  have  not  seen  specimens  from  Venezuela,  Gui- 
ana, or  the  whole  eastern  and  soutehrn  part  of  South  America, 
though  it  seems  probable  that  the  lost  M.  acilus  came  from 
some  part  of  this  area,  (It  was  described  from  "Amboina"). 
The  butterflies  are  not  rare,  though  not  too  easy  to  catch,  on 
the  main  Amazon  tributaries,  where  I  have  often  seen  them 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  279 

hawking  up  and  down  over  the  water,  a  little  like  a  dragon-fly, 
and  alighting  on  any  projecting  object,  such  as  the  collector's 
shoulder  or  net;-  one  of  my  specimens  of  M.  deucalion  was 
flipped  into  the  net  from  a  position  on  its  edge,  but  others 
got  away. 

On  structure  it  may  be  described  as  a  Vanessid  with  the 
build  and  wing-form  of  a  Chara.vcs.  Authors  who  have  exam- 
ined it  carefully,  such  as  Renter  and  Schatz,  agree  that  it  be- 
longs to  a  small  group  of  genera  derived  from  the  Vanessid 
stem  near  Kallima,  which  we  may  call  the  Gynaeciini,  following 
Seitz.  This  group  contains  Historis  and  Coca,  which  are  very 
close  to  Megistanis,  and  also  Smyrna,  Gynaeda  and  Callizona, 
which  are  a  little  more  distinct,  and  is  most  sharply  defined  by 
the  palpal  character  given  by  Renter.  Superficially  the  species 
are  widely  divergent,  but  two  pattern  features  may  be  noted : 
Megistanis,  Historis  and  Coca  have  a  translucent  spot  in  the 
fork  of  R3,  without  any  closely  adjacent  spot  in  cell  R4  or  just 
below  the  R-stem,  and  Megistanis  and  Coca  have  an  ocellate 
spot  on  the  under  side  of  the  hind  wing  in  cell  Cui.  The  first 
spot  appears  on  the  upper  side  in  Callizona  and  occasional  spec- 
imens of  Gynaeda,  but  it  is  replaced  by  a  bar  below ;-  in  all 
other  Nymphalinae  examined  by  me  it  is  absent  or  is  merely 
a  member  of  a  more  extensive  series.  I  know  nothing  of  the 
early  stages,  but  to  judge  by  related  forms  the  larva  will  have 
rows  of  regular  branched  spines,  each  with  a  strong  simple 
apex  and  a  whorl  of  spines  about  its  middle,  and  most  probably 
a  weaker  middorsal  series  (though  these  are  vestigial  in  Gyn- 
aeda") ;  the  food  is  likely  to  belong  to  the  Urticaceae,  perhaps 
Cccropia.  The  pupa,  to  judge  by  Historis  and  Coca,  will  be 
strongly  compressed,  with  a  pair  of  processes  on  the  head  and 
a  row  of  middorsal  spines  on  the  abdomen. 

Misidentification  of  the  species  is  the  rule  in  American  col- 
lections, probably  because  the  blue  species  are  rather  similar. 
and  (lie  recently  described  M.  amazonicus  has  been  generally 
mistaken  for  bacotns  or  japclus;  and  a  more  legitimate  source 
of  confusion  is  the  sexual  dimorphism  of  amazonicus,  which  is 
probably  the  reason  why  some  earlier  workers  thought  the  en- 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

tire  genus  was  a  single  dimorphic  species,  labelling  all  the  blue 
forms  male  and  all  the  buff  ones  female.  We  have  never  seen 
aeilus,  but  to  judge  by  the  known  species,  the  extra  buff  spots 
probably  indicate  a  distinct  species  rather  than  a  mere  aberra- 
tion. The  absence  of  the  median  band  above  may  well  be  aber- 
rational, and  we  have  the  corresponding  aberration  of  Victonna 
sulpitia,  as  a  gift  from  Mr.  Frank  Johnson,  who  received  it 
from  Satipo,  South-Central  Peru. 

M.  AEILUS  Cramer.  This  species  or  form  is  the  oldest  in  the 
genus  and  has  never  been  recovered  in  modern  times.  I  know 
it  only  from  Cramer's  figure.  The  absence  of  the  blue  or  buff 
band  is  probably  aberrational,  but  the  small  buff  spots  are  likely 
to  be  a  specific  character.  The  original  figure  also  shows  seven 
black  bars  in  cell  Cui  in  place  of  the  four  or  five  of  known 
species,  but  this  may  be  a  slip  of  the  colorist.  If  an  aberration 
this  can  only  belong  to  amazonicus,  but  the  known  range  of 
amasonicus  was  not  collected  in  those  days  and  the  probability 
is  of  a  lost  species  from  Surinam.  The  name  has  suffered  bad- 
ly. I  folow  Stoll's  original  spelling,  which  is  repeated  four 
times  in  text  and  index,  and  so  is  obviously  not  merely  mis- 
printed. It  looks  corrupt,  but  it  is  safer  not  to  try  to  guess  of 
what.  Fabricius  misspells  it  "acclus"  both  in  Mantissa  and 
Ent.  Syst.,  and  Godart  further  corrupts  this  to  "occlus".  Hiib- 
ner,  in  the  "Verzeichniss"  misspells  it  "ailus"  and  corrects  this 
to  "ailc".  Finally  Kirby  completes  the  confusion  by  accepting 
the  "aechis"  misspelling,  but  adding  the  reference  to  acolus  of 
Fabricius'  Syst.  Ent.  1775,-  a  Thccla,-  and  giving  the  latter 
priority ! 

M.  AMAZONICUS  Riley,  Ent.  Hi,  186,  1919.  Riley  did  not 
know  the  dimorphic  female.  We  have  received  it  from  Wuch- 
erpfennig,  the  male  labelled  baeotus  and  fema'e  dcucalion,  from 
Teffe,  along  with  true  deucalion.  This  is  out  of  the  range  of 
true  baeotus.  In  our  most  western  specimen,  from  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Curaray  and  Napo,  the  buff  on  the  hind  wing  is  ex- 
tended in  two  narrow  bands  clear  across  cells  M3  and  M2)-  a 
first  step  toward  the  more  complete  subterminal  band  of  Calli- 
zona. 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  281 

1.  Translucent  spot  in  fork  of  R3  buff,  above  and  below,  addi- 

tional small  buff  spots  on  forewing  below  in  cells   MI 

and  M3 ;  no  median  band  above aeilus 

-Translucent  spot  in  fork  of  R3  white,  and  buff  on  under  side 
limited  to  spots  in  and  adjacent  to  cell  Cui ;  wings 
above  with  a  broad  median  band 2 

2.  Median  band  on   upper  side  buff;   spotting  on  under   side 

always  rather  heavy 3 

—Median  band  on  upper  side  blue 4 

3.  Median  band  on  upper  side  limited  by  vein  Cui,  or  with  a 

small  spot  in  cell  M3 ;  buff  spot  on  under  side  of  fore 
wing  a  narrow  vertical  bar,  followed  by  a  large  black 
area,  often  in  the  form  of  a  black  square  with  round 

white  spot  in  center dcucalion 

—Median  band  on  upper  side  of  fore  wing  broadly  extended 
into  cell  M3 ;  buff  spot  below  large  and  squarish,  followed 
by  a  pair  of  small  black  spots amasoiiicns  9 

4.  Buff  spot  on  under  side  of  fore  wing  irregular,  partly  sur- 

rounding the  white  st.  spot,  which  shows  through  from 
above,  and  followed  by  the  two  black  submarginal  lines 
only ;  black  markings  of  hind  wing  linear ;  hind  wing 
above  with  small,  rounded,  largely  white  st.  spots  in  cells 

R  and  MI japctiis 

—Buff  spot  on  under  side  of  fore  wing  simple,  squarish  and 
followed  by  a  double  black  spot ;  black  markings  on  hind 
wing  thick;  st.  spots  on  upper  side  of  hind  wing  blue 
when  distinct  5 

5.  Black  markings  on  under  side  very  thick,  the  spot  just  be- 

yond end  of  cell  (e.g.)  more  than  half  as  wide  as  high; 
buff  patch  on  hind  wing  covering  half  width  of  cell  M3 
as  well  as  Ctii,  and  half -enclosing  a  minute  black  ocellus 
in  cell  M3.  Hind  wing  above  normally  with  two  diagon- 
ally placed  spots  each  in  cells  M3  and  Cui,  and  conspicu- 
ous blue  spots  in  upper  intersapces  (Central  America  to 

Peru bacotus 

—Black  markings  on  under  side  lighter,  the  spot  at  end  of  cell 
a  third  as  thick  as  high ;  yellow  patch  smaller,  not  en- 
closing an  ocellus  in  cell  M:1.  Hind  wing  above  normally 
with  transverse  blue  bars  in  lower  cells,  and  no  blue  in 
upper  ones  (Upper  Amazon  and  tributaries) 

amazonicus  $ 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

Overwintering  Habits  in  Utah  of  Anopheles  macu- 
lipennis  freeborni  Aitkens  (Diptera:  Culicidae). 

By  DON  M.  REES,  University  of  Utah,  Salt  Lake  City. 
A  number  of  investigators  have  apparently  had  difficulty  in 
finding  overwintering  Anophelines  in  any  considerable  numbers. 
They  have,  therefore,  been  unable  to  describe  the  type  of  shel- 
ters selected  by  these  overwintering  mosquitoes. 

The  observations  recorded  in  the  present  paper  of  Anopheles 
inacnlipcnnis  freeborni  are  submitted  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr. 
Robert  Matheson. 

The  author  has  been  observing  the  overwintering  habits  of 
this  species  in  Salt  Lake  City  and  vicinity  each  year  since 
1928.  Adult  females  have  been  observed  and  specimens 
collected  on  numerous  occasions  during  all  of  the  winter 
months  and  at  times  when  outside  air  temperatures  were  below 
zero  degrees  Fahrenheit. 

The  adult  females  pass  the  winter  in  Utah  in  sheltered 
places  such  as  rock  cellars,  potato  pits,  granaries,  garages, 
stables  and  other  outbuildings.  They  are  always  more  numer- 
ous in  warm,  dark,  unoccupied  or  little  used  shelters.  The 
females  seek  the  protected  dark  corners  of  these  structures, 
hiding  between  rafters  or  in  cracks  and  crevices.  Cobwebs 
provide  a  favorite  resting  place  for  these  overwintering  adults. 
They  secrete  themselves  throughout  the  webbing  whenever  it 
is  available  and  favorably  situated. 

During  the  winter  months,  hibernation  is  not  complete 
because  the  females  will  take  wing  and  fly  short  distances 
when  disturbed.  However,  they  have  never  been  induced  to 
feed  in  their  natural  shelters  during  the  winter  months. 

During  the  latter  part  of  April  or  May,  the  overwintering 
females  issue  from  their  hiding  places  and  become  active  in 
the  vicinity  of  their  breeding  water.  The  date  of  their  appear- 
ance depends  upon  climatic  conditions  and  is  largely  determined 
by  the  temperature.  Overwintering  Anopheline  females  have 
been  induced  to  lay  eggs  under  laboratory  conditions  but  only 
after  a  blood  feeding. 


liii,    '42]  EXTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  283 

An  Unusual  Rearing  of  Rainieria  brunneipes  (Cre- 
sson)  (Diptera:  Micropezidae)1 

By  CURTIS  W.  SABROSKY,  Michigan  State  College, 
East  Lansing. 

The  long-legged  flies,  Rainieria  antennaepcs  (Say)  and  its 
variety  brunneipes  (Cresson),  as  the  latter  has  recently  been 
recorded  in  a  monograph  of  the  family  (Cresson,  1938,  Trans. 
Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  64:351),  are  collected  on  the  bark  of  trees 
or  flying  about  in  the  woods,  but  they  have  not  hitherto  been 
reared  as  far  as  the  writer  can  determine.  Very  little  is  known 
of  the  early  stages  or  breeding  places  of  most  species  in  the 
family. 

A  severe  windstorm  on  the  evening  of  May  29,  1942,  caused 
widespread  damage  across  central  Michigan,  blowing  down 
numerous  trees,  breaking  off  limbs,  etc.  After  the  storm, 
broken  trees  on  the  Michigan  State  College  campus  were  in- 
spected for  fungus  diseases  by  F.  C.  Strong,  forest  pathologist, 
and  L.  O.  Miller,  Campus  Forester.  Some  puparia  which  they 
found  were  turned  over  to  the  department  of  entomology  for 

rearing,  and  from  these  emerged  adults  of  Rainieria  brunneipes. 
The  puparia  were  found  about  twenty  feet  above  the  ground 

in  the  crotch  of  a  large  American  elm,  Ulnins  ainericana.  The 
crotch  was  formed  by  three  large  limbs,  two  of  which  broke 
away  during  the  storm  and  exposed  a  more  or  less  decayed  area 
at  the  center,  with  considerable  damage  by  fungi.  On  one  of 
the  broken  pieces  of  wood  left  in  the  crotch  were  numerous 
puparia,  some  singly,  but  more  commonly  laid  out  in  rows, 
side  by  side.  In  all,  119  puparia  were  counted  in  an  area 
about  twelve  inches  long  and  less  than  two  inches  wide,  with 
38  concentrated  in  one  square  inch.  The  wood  to  which  the 
puparia  adhered  was  still  firm,  though  dead,  but  the  larvae 
might  well  have  been  working  in  the  softer,  rotten  wood  nearby, 
some  of  which  showed  irregular  granules  which  might  have 
resulted  from  feeding  by  the  larvae.  From  the  general  situation 

1  Journal  Article  No.  596  (n.  s.)  from  the  Michigan  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station. 


284 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Dec.,  '42 


Puparium  of  Rainicria  brnnncipcs  (Cresson).  Fig.  1,  Ventral  aspect. 
Fig.  2,  Dehiscent  tergal  plate.  Fig.  3,  Posterior  end  showing  the  stigmal 
plates.  Fig.  4,  Greatly  enlarged  view  of  one  stigmal  plate. 

it  seems  likely  that  the  larvae  were  saprophagous.  Of  the 
specimens  recorded  in  Cresson's  monograph,  the  type  and  two 
paratypes  were  collected  in  a  bald  eagle's  nest,  but  it  is  not 
known  whether  they  had  bred  there  or  had  emerged  from  rotten 
wood  or  were  only  chance  visitors. 

Most  of  the  puparia  were  somewhat  crushed,  but  22  ad.ults 
(10  $  ,  12  $  )  emerged  between  June  3rd  and  June  8th,  most 
of  them  on  the  first  date.  Emergence  apparently  occurred  in  the 
early  morning,  for  teneral  specimens  were  found  in  the  rearing 
cage  between  8:00  and  9:00  A.  M.,  but  no  others  throughout 
the  day. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  entire  series  was  of  the  form 
brunneipcs,  and  not  a  single  specimen  of  the  so-called  typical 
form  R.  antcnnaepes,  which  has  a  more  extensive  yellow  color 
pattern,  especially  on  the  legs.  The  homogeneity  of  this  series 
suggests  that  R.  brunneipcs  may  be  a  valid  species  on  the  basis 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

of  its  coloration,  instead  of  a  variety  of  R.  antennaepcs.  In 
this  same  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  of  the  many 
records  in  the  family  monograph  by  Cresson,  the  two  forms 
were  never  collected  at  the  same  time,  although  they  are  known 
from  the  same  locality  in  several  instances. 

Description  of  the  puparia  (Cf.  Figs.  1-4)  :  Shining  reddish 
brown.  Rather  elongate  and  subcylindrical,  over  four  times  as 
long  as  broad.  Anterior  end  depressed  and  truncate,  posterior 
end  blunt  but  slightly  rounded,  the  stigmal  plates  situated  on 
slight  protuberances  but  not  on  the  end  of  definite  processes 
as  in  some  families  (Drosophilidae).  Both  tergal  and  sternal 
anterior  plates  are  dehiscent,  but  the  sternal  plate  commonly 
remains  loosely  attached  to  the  puparium.  Integument  entirely 
without  spines,  tubercles  or  other  processes,  smooth  with  only 
weak  striations  except  for  the  strongly  striated  anterior  plates, 
and  slightly  stronger  sculpturing  at  the  posterior  end  and 
ventrally.  Stigmal  plates  orange,  located  slightly  above  the 
longitudinal  axis  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  distance 
equal  to  little  over  one-third  the  diameter  of  one  plate.  Under 
low  magnification  they  appear  like  brain  coral,  without  con- 
spicuous slits  but  with  a  distinct  button  and  with  four  black 
spots  at  intervals  on  the  periphery  of  each  plate  (Figs.  3,  4). 
Under  high  magnification,  each  plate  appears  to  have  four 
irregular  to  serpentine  slits  (Fig.  4).  A  small  triangular 
sclerotized  flap  projects  dorso-laterad  from  each  ring.  Anal 
opening  situated  far  below  the  spiracles  and  not  visible  in  direct 
posterior  aspect. 

Length,  5.75-6.5  mm.;  diameter,  1.5-1.75  mm. 

Specimens  will  be  deposited  in  the  Michigan  State  College 
Collection,  the  United  States  National  Museum,  and  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 

Spotted  Fever  in  the  Gulf  Coast  of  Texas. 

Four  children  living  in  a  wooded  area  of  this  coast  were 
attacked  by  this  disease,  which  was  fatal  in  two  cases.  The 
locality  was  found  to  be  infested  heavily  with  the  tick 
Amblyomma  americanum,  two  specimens  of  which  were  col- 
lected from  the  family  of  the  victims.  Experimental  transmis- 
sion tests  by  Parker,  Philip  and  Jellison  (1933)  have  proven 
A.  americanutn  as  an  efficient  carrier  of  Rocky  Mountain  spotted 
fever  but  no  case  of  spontaneous  infection  has  been  definitely 
attributed  to  this  tick  before  the  observations  reported  here.  L. 
Anigstein  and  M.  N.  Bader,  Science,  Oct.  16,  1942. 


286  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

Annotated  List  of  Florida  Sphecinae  (Hym.,  Spheci- 

dae). 

By  H.  T.  FERNALD,  Winter  Park,  Florida. 

In  preparing  this  list  data  have  been  obtained  from  specimens 
in  most  of  the  larger  collections  both  in  this  country  and 
Europe.  Unfortunately,  many  of  these  specimens  were  col- 
lected at  a  time  when  a  label  "Fla."  was  considered  sufficient 
with  no  date  or  place  of  capture  given.  In  many  cases  fuller 
data  are  now  available  and  these  are  included  here.  No 
attempt  at  a  complete  list  of  published  references  has  been 
made,  only  synonyms  for  the  different  species  being  supplied 
in  order  that  old  name  labels  on  specimens  may  be  brought  up 
to  date.  In  a  few  cases  brief  explanations  have  been  added  to 
make  the  situation  clearer.  None  of  the  specific  names  here 
given  are  new,  all  having  been  previously  published  elsewhere. 

Tribe  Chlorionini. 

CHLORION  (CHLORION)  CYANEUM  (Dahlb.)  Dahlbom, 
Hym.  Eur.,  I,  24,  1843. 

This  insect  is  generally  bright  blue  in  the  more  southern 
states  as  far  west  as  Texas  where  a  greenish  shade  begins  to 
appear.  West  of  this,  it  may  become  a  bright  green.  I  have 
not  seen  specimens  of  the  blue  from  Florida,  but  it  may 
occur  there. 

This  species  and  variety  are  frequently  called  cacruleum  L. 
in  literature,  but  this  name  is  preoccupied,  it  being  not  the 
caerulea  of  Linne's  Xth  edition,  but  first  described  in  the  Xllth 
edition  where  there  are  two  cacruleas,  one  the  same  as  in  the 
other  edition,  the  other  the  one  now  under  consideration.  This 
situation,  therefore,  results  in  the  rejection  of  the  name  of  the 
caerulea  first  described  in  the  Xllth  edition  as  a  homonym 
leaving  Dahlbom's  cyaneum  as  the  correct  name  for  this  insect. 

CHLORION  (CHLORION)  CYANEUM  AERARIUM  Patt. 
Chlorion  acrariinn  Patton,  Can.  Ent,  XI,  133,  1879. 

Orlando,  IX,  4,  1941.  This  subspecies  is  bronze-blue  and  is 
the  most  common  form  in  the  eastern  states. 

CHLORION   (PALMODES)  ABDOMINALIS   (Cress.) 
Sphex  abdominalis  Cresson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  IV,  211, 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  287 

1874. 

Florida :  Tampa ;  Indian  River  City ;  Conway ;  Orlando. 
Between  April  15  and  June  15  on  New  Jersey  Tea,  and  between 
Sept.  1  and  Nov.  1  on  Goldenrod.  Common  in  central  Florida  at 
least. 

CHLORION  (PRIONONYX)  Thomae  (F.). 
Sphc.v  thomac  Fabricius,   Syst.  Ent,  346,   1775. 
Pepsis  crucis  Fabricius,  Syst.  Piez.,  209,   1804. 

Reported  as  having  been  taken  in  Florida,  but  all  the  speci- 
mens I  have  seen  were  C.  pubidorsu-m  Costa. 

CHLORION   (PRIONONYX)   PUBIDORSUM   (A.  Costa). 
Eno'dia  pubidorsum  A.  Costa,  Ann.  Mus.  Zool.  Napoli,  I,  69, 
1862. 

Prionony.v  bifovcolata  Tasch.,  Zeits  f.  d.  ges.  Natur.,  XXXIV, 
408,    1869. 

Orlando;  Winter  Park;  Winter  Garden;  Clarcona;  Lake 
Harris  ;  Indian  River  City ;  Cedar  Key ;  Gainesville.  Occurs  from 
April  15  to  June  20;  first  half  of  July  and  a  few  specimens 
September  to  November.  Fairly  common. 

CHLORION  (!SODONTIA)  EXORNATUM  Fern. 
Isbdontia  cxornata  Fernald,  Can.  Ent.,  XXXV,  270,  1903. 
Biscayne  Bay;  Indian  River;  Orlando,  III,  14,  1927;  IV,  25, 
1942.     Quite  rare;  apparently  more  common  in  southern 
Florida. 

CHLORION   (!SODONTIA)  AZTECUM   (Sauss.). 
c.v  astecus  Saussure,  Reise  d.  Novara,  Hym.,  38,  1867. 
.v  robusta  Cameron,  Biol.  Centr-Am.,  Hym.,  II,  36,  1899. 
S^hc.v  macroccphalus  Fox,  Ent.  News,  I,  137,  1890. 

Chokoloskee;  Winter  Garden,  IV,  25.  1928.    Rare. 
CHLORION  (!SODONTIA)  AZTECUM  CINEREUM  Fern. 
Sphc.v  apicalis  Smith,  Cat.  Hym.   Brit.   Mus.,  IV,  262,   1856. 

( Name  preoccupied ) . 
Isodontia    mucroccphala    var.     cincrca     Fernald,     Can.     Ent., 

XXXIV,  271,  1903. 

Enterprise;  Indian  River;  Lake  Harris,  IV,  26,  1932;  Win- 
ter Park,  VIII,  30,  1941.     Apparently  rather  rare. 


288  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

CHLORION  (!SODONTIA)  AURIPES  Fern. 
Sphcx    tibialis   Lepeletier,    Nat,    Ins.    Hym.,    Ill,    339,    1845. 

(Name  preoccupied). 
Chlorion  (Isodontia)  auripcs  Fernald,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 

XXXI,  356,  1906. 

Wagner,  V,  6,  1940;  Orlando,  IV,  21,  1928,  IV,  10,  1941; 
Winter  Park,  V,  6,  1940.     Not  common. 
CHLORION   (!SODONTIA)    HARRISI  Fern. 
Sphcx  philadclphica  Lepeletier,  Hist.  Nat.  Ins.,  Hym.,  Ill,  340, 

1845. 
Sphcx  apicalis  Smith,  Cat.   Hym.   Brit.   Mus.,   IV,  262,   1856. 

(Preoccupied.) 
Chlorion   (I  sod  out  ia)   harrisi  Fernald,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 

XXXI,  359,  1906. 

Chokoloskee;  Orlando,  II,  11,  1932;  III,  14,  1927,  V,  25, 
1931,  XI,  8,  1935  ;  Lake  I'.utler,  IV,  13.  1931  ;  Winter  Park,  IV. 
29,  1937,  VI  5,  1942.  Not  very  common.  Taken  on  New  Jersey 
Tea  and  Goldenrod. 

CHLORION   (AMMOBIA)   HABENUM   (Say). 
Sphcx  habcna  Say,  Ins.  of  Louisiana,  14,  1832. 
Sphcx  lauta  Cresson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  IV,  212,  1872. 
Sphcx  lauta  var.  illustris  Cress.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  IV,  213, 

1872. 
Sphcx   prince ps   Kohl,    Ann.    natur.    Hofmus^.    Wien,    V.    398, 

1889.    9. 
Sphcx  chrysophorus  Kohl,  Ann.  natur.  Hofmus.  Wien,  V,  III, 

399,  1890. 
Sphcx    lanciger    Kohl,    Ann.    natur.    Hofmus.    Wien,    X,    55, 

1895.    $. 
Chlorion  habenum  Fernald,  Fla.     Ent.,  XXIII,  45,  1940. 

Orlando,  16  specimens  (11  males,  5  females)  taken  between 
VIII,  17,  and  IX,  6,  1939,  1940  and  1941.  The  females  nearly 
always  have  a  black  abdomen,  but  rarely  it  is  brown  with  blackish 
shades.  The  male  abdomen  is  brown,  often  with  blackish 
shades. 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  289 

CHLORION  (AMMOBIA)  SINGULARIS  Sm. 

Sphcx  singularis  Smith,  Cat.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.,  IV,  261,  1856. 
Sphcx  chlomrgyrica  Costa,  Ann.  Mus.  zool.  Napoli,  I,  69,  1862. 
Sphcx  spinigcr  Kohl,  Ann.  natur.  Hofmus.  Wien,  V,  III,  428, 
1890. 

Chokoloskee;  Orlando,  IX,  2,   1939.     Rare. 

CHLORION  (AMMOBIA)  DUBITATUM  (Cress.). 
Sphcx  micans  Taschenberg,  Zeits.  f.  d.  ges.  Natur.     XXXIV, 

419,   1869.      (Name  preoccupied). 
Sphex  dubitata  Cresson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  IV,  213,  1872. 

Florida;  Winter  Garden,  IV,  4,  1928;  Gainesville,  V,  11, 
1928.  I  believe  this  to  be  the  female  of  C.  singularis  Sm.  as 
these  two  are  the  only  species  of  about  the  same  size  found  in 
Florida  of  which  the  other  sex  is  not  known.  While  the  type 
of  singularis  has  an  entirely  black  abdomen,  in  other  specimens 
ferruginous  is  mingled  with  the  black.  In  quite  a  number  of 
specimens  from  Barbadoes  the  males  (certainly  singularis) 
were  accompanied  by  females  of  dubitatuni. 

Since  this  article  was  sent  to  the  printer  a  male  Chlorion 
singularis  taken  IX,  13  and  three  female  C.  dubitatum  taken 
IX,  13,  16  and  19,  1942,  at  Daytona  Beach,  all  at  one  place  on 
the  flowers  of  Bidcns  strengthens  the  belief  that  these  are  the 
two  sexes  of  the  same  species. 

CHLORION  (AMMOBIA)  ICHNEUMONEUM  (L.). 
Apis  ichneunioneum  Linne,  Syst.  Nat.,  Xth.  ed.,  578,  1758. 

Florida;  Orlando,  and  generally  distributed  in  the  State. 

CHLORION    (AMMOBIA)    ICHNEUMONEUM    AURIFLUUM 
(Perty). 
Sphex  aurifhia  Perty,  Delect,  anim.,  142,  1834. 

Chokoloskee;  In  southern   Florida. 

CHLORION  (AMMOBIA)  ICHNEUMONEUM  FULVIVENTRIS 
(Guer.). 

Sphex  fulvivcntris  Guerin,  Duperry,  Voy.  Coquille,  Zool.   II, 
1,  1830. 

Chokoloskee;  Spanish  Wells.     In  southern  Florida. 


290  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

CHLORION   (AMMOBIA)   PENSYLVANICUM   (L.). 
Sphcx  pens\h'anica  Linne,  Centur.  Ins.  rar.,  30,   1763. 

Winter  Garden,  V,  17,  1940;  Winter  Park,  VIII,  23,  1940; 
Orlando,  VIII,  19,  1940,  IX,  6,  1940.  Quite  common  every- 
where in  Florida. 

Tribe  Sceliphronini. 

SCELIPHRON    CAEMENTARIUM     (Dm.). 

Sphcx  cacmcntaria  Drury.  Illustr.   Nat.  Hist.,  I,   105,   1770. 

Present  everywhere  in  Florida  from  about  the  middle  of 
March  into  November.  Common. 

CHALYBION  CYANEUM  (F.). 
Sphcx  cyanca  Fabricius,  Syst.  Ent.,  346,   1775. 

Present  practically  everywhere  in  Florida  from  early  in 
April  to  November.  Common. 

Tribe   Podiini. 

No  species  of  this  tribe  have  as  yet  been  reported  from 
Florida,  but  they  have  been  taken  in  Illinois,  North  Carolina, 
Mississippi  and  Texas  and  may  occur  here.  They  are  very  rare. 

Tribe  Sphecini. 

SPHEX  AUREONOTATUS  (Cam.). 

Ammophila  aurconotata  Cameron,  Biol.  Centr.-Am.,  Hym,  II, 
7,  1888. 

This  species  is  not  the  Pelopoeus  abbreviatus  F.  by  which 
name  it  has  often  been  referred  to. 

Orlando ;  Winter  Park ;  Lake  Harris  ;  May,  June,  September. 
Not  very  common. 

SPHEX  FLORIDENSIS  Fernald,  N.  A.     Species  of  Sphex,   126, 
1934. 

Quite  common  at  nearly  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Apparently, 
generally  distributed  in  the  State. 

In  the  opinion  of  Murray  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  XXXI,  36, 
1938)  this  is  a  subspecies  of  Sphcx  uniariiis  (Dahlb.). 


liii,    '42J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  291 

SPHEX  PLACIDUS  PLACIDUS  (Sm.). 

Ammopkila  placida  Smith,  Cat.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.,  Part  4,  221, 

1856. 
Ammophila  pictipennis  Walsh,  Am.  Ent.,  I,  pp.  128  and  164, 

1869. 

Taken  in  March,  April  and  May ;  also  one  specimen  each  in 
September  and  November.  All  specimens  seen  were  from  cen- 
tral Florida.  Not  very  common. 

Hi       

So-called   Papilio   ajax   americus   Kollar   in   North 
America  (Lepidoptera:  Papilionidae). 

By  F.  MARTIN  BROWN,  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado. 

For  many  years  this  race  has  been  included  in  the  lists  of 
North  American  butterflies.  It  does  not  belong  there.  It  is  the 
South  American  race  and  the  name  must  be  restricted  to  those 
specimens  from  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Ecuador  and  possibly 
Panama.  Kollar 's  specimen  was  collected  by  Schomberg  prob- 
ably between  2000  and  1500  meters  on  the  eastern  slope  of 
Ecuador  or  Colombia  while  enroute  to  the  Rio  Orinoco.  Within 
that  altitude  range  it  is  a  very  common  butterfly.  It  is  extremely 
variable. 

All  of  the  so-called  americus  that  I  have  seen  from  the 
southwestern  states  have  come  from  Arizona.  All  of  them 
represent  race  stabilis  Rothschild  and  Jordan.  This  is  the 
typical  Mexican  race  and  its  occurance  on  the  border  is  to  be 
expected.  Occasionally  a  form  occurs  among  typical  aja.v  in 
the  middle  west  states  that  resembles  stabilis  or  americus.  This 
form  has  been  referred  to  americus  Kollar. 

Since  this  name  cannot  be  used  I  propose  PSEUDOAMERICUS 
for  it.  It  differs  from  the  typical  form  of  aja.v  aja.v  in  the  breadth 
of  the  yellow  bands  which  almost  equal  those  of  zolicaon  Bvcl. 
The  limbal  row  of  spots  on  the  under  side  of  the  forewings  is 
obscure.  Otherwise,  the  maculation  is  well  within  the  range 
of  variation  for  P.  aja.v  aja.v  L.  The  sides  of  the  abdomen 
are  yellow.  This  band  of  color  is  confluent  with  the  upper 
row  of  yellow  dots.  Dr.  Edwin  P.  Meiners  informed  me  that 
about  one  per  cent  of  the  specimens  from  the  midwest  are  or 
approach  this  form.  I  designate  his  specimen,  taken  May  9. 
1910,  at  Troy,  ILLINOIS,  now  in  his  collection  at  St. 
Missouri,  the  type  of  pseudoamericus. 


292  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

The  Nymphs  of  Aelia  and  Neottiglossa  (Hemiptera : 

Pentatomidae) 

By  RICHARD  C.  FROESCHNER,  St.  Louis.  Missouri. 
Hart  (1919)*  gives  a  partial  generic  key  to  the  nymphs  of 
the  tribe  Pentatomini.  In  it  he  includes  seventeen  genera. 
However,  under  the  name  Neottiglossa  he  has  apparently  con- 
fused two  genera:  Neottiglossa  and  Aelia.  The  confusion  of 
these  two  very  closely  allied  groups  is  quite  natural  under  the 
circumstances.  According  to  his  distributional  data  for  Aelia 
he  was  not  aware  of  its  occurence  eastward  and  so,  perhaps, 
assumed  that  it  was  not  to  be  considered  when  associating 
nymphs  of  local  material  with  adults.  He.  therefore,  lumpsd 
the  two.  This  is  obvious  when  he  says,  "color  pale  with  four 
longitudinal  black  stripes  or  else  black,  with  median  line  of 
notum,  a  very  narrow  lateral  margin,  and  intermediate  spots, 
yellowish."  The  first  statement,  that  of  the  pale  color  and 
dark  stripes,  is  characteristic  of  Aelia  n  y  m  p  h  s,  while  the 
remainder  is  true  of  immatures  of  Neottiglossa. 

These  two  genera  differ  from  Dcndrocoris  (which  is  in  the 
other  half  of  the  dichotomy  leading  to  Neottiglossa  in  Hart's 
key)  by  having  the  head  convex  dorsally  with  the  jugae 
obliquely  truncated  anteriorly;  and  the  lateral  margin  of  the 
pronotum  sparsely  but  distinctly  punctured  for  its  full  length 
and  without  a  series  of  short,  widely-spaced  spines  just  under 
the  edge. 

Aelia  and  Neottiglossa  can  be  separated  in  the  immature 
stages  by  the  following  couplet : 

Color  brownish-yellow  with  four  black  stripes :  a  pair  running 
from  apices  of  jugae  posteriorly  along  the  tylo-jugal 
sutures  and  along  either  side  of  midline  as  far  back  as  the 
middle  of  the  sixth  tergite,  and  a  submarginal  one  extending 
posteriorly  along  either  side  from  apex  of  jugum  to  hind 
margin  of  eighth  tergite;  lateral  and  mediodorsal  plates  not 
entirely  black;  lateral  and  mediodorsal  plates  and  tergum 

uniformly  punctured   Aelia. 

Head  and  notum  shining  bronzy  black,  the  latter  with  median 
line,  very  narrow  lateral  margins  and  intermediate  spots 

*  State  of  Illinois   Natural   History  Survey,   Bull.   13    (art.  7). 


liii,  '42 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  293 

pale ;  tergum  pale,  lateral  and  medioclorsal  plates  entirely 
black ;  lateral  and  mediodorsal  plates  much  more  coarsely 
and  densely  punctured  than  tergum Neottiglossa. 


Habitat   Preferences   of  Polistes    Wasps    (Hymen- 

optera:  Vespidae). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

In  many  areas  near  St.  Louis  one  may  find  all  four  species  of 
our  Missouri  Polistes  wasps  nesting  within  easy  distances  of 
one  another,  but  each  of  the  four  will  occupy  its  own  restricted 
niche,  P.  anmtlaris  in  the  trees,  P.  pallipes  in  man-made  struc- 
tures, P.  variatus  in  or  near  the  ground,  and  P.  rnbiginosus  in 
dark,  sheltered  places.  (Bull.  Brook.  Ent.  Soc.  26  :  111-118,  1931. 
and  Ecology  10:  191-200,  1929).  This  specialization  of  habitat 
is  more  clear-cut  when  one  finds  only  one  species  in  a  restricted 
area ;  this  area,  then,  ceases  to  be  the  niche  for  the  species,  but 
assumes  the  status1  of  a  habitat.  In  the  course  of  my  studies. 
I  have  come  across  four  such  habitats,  i.e.,  the  area  given  over 
to  one  species  of  Polistes  wasps  to  the  exclusion  of  all  the  others. 
The  details  of  these  habitats  follow. 

POLISTES  RUBIGINOSUS. 

Climbing  Iron  Mountain  (one  hundred  miles  south  of  St. 
Louis)  in  quest  of  insects  on  July  24,  1938,  I  saw  many  Polistes 
wasps  on  the  wing  and  among  the  scanty  vegetation  of  the 
wooded  slopes.  A  careful  examination  revealed  that  every  one 
was  of  this  species.  The  only  explanation  that  I  could  give  for 
this  is  that  probably  the  hollow  trees  there  offered  them  homes. 
Since  their  nests  are  not  exposed  to  the  hot  sun,  these  wasps 
do  not  require  large  amounts  of  water,  as  do  annularis.  The  latter 
could  not  thrive  on  this  mountain  side  because  of  the  lack  of 
water,  and  their  absence  is  not  surprising.  P.  pallipes  were 
likewise  lacking,  as  were  also  their  favorite  nesting  places,  sheds 
and  other  structures. 


294  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

POLISTES  ANNULARIS. 

The  next  day  was  spent  at  the  "shut-in"  at  Stout's  Creek,  four 
miles  distant.    The  creek  flows  between  high  bluffs  over  a  wide 
floor  of  rock  which  is  interspersed  with  immense  boulders  (black 
poryphyry   and   red   phenocysts,   which   give   it   a   granite-like 
appearance).    Struggling  trees  and  shrubs  grow  sparcely  among 
the  rocks,  but  the  steep  walls  of  the  gorge  are  more  richly  cov- 
ered with  vegetation.     The  rocks  cause  rapids  in  mid-stream, 
but  at  the  edges  they  form  many  small  pockets  of  water  which 
are  convenient  and  safe  pools  for  thirsty  annularis  wasps.    This 
valley  on  this  July  day,  with  no  breeze  reaching  it  and  the  rocks 
throwing  back  the   vibrant  heat,   seemed  the  hottest  place  on 
earth.  This,  then,  seemed  to  be  a  good  habitat  for  annularis,  and 
true  to  my  expectations,  they  were  there  in  ample  numbers— 
they,  and  no  others.  An  examination  of  the  ravine  for  a  third 
of  a  mile  yielded  twenty-two  nests,  from  medium  to  very  large 
in  size,  all  hanging  from  the  trees  very  near  the  stream.    None 
were  found  in  the  thick  vegetation  on  the  slopes  away  from  the 
water ;  neither  were  members  of  any  of  the  other  three  species 
seen  there.   Annularis  is  probably  the  only  one  of  the  four  that 
could  survive  such  heat.     This  is  not  to  be  wondere*d  at  when 
we  realize  that  annularis  of  the  temperate  region  is  an  offshoot 
of  P.  cana'dcnsis  of  the  tropics,  and  during  the  course  of  its 
northward  migration  has  never  lost  the  love  for  the  burning- 
sun  and  for  the  cooling  water. 

A  similar  area  occupied  by  this  species  was  noted  along  the 
Meramac  River  at  Gray's  Summit  on  the  premises  of  the  Mis- 
souri Botanical  Garden.  A  road  runs  parallel  with  the  river 
for  a  half-mile,  and  only  about  a  hundred  yards  away  from  it. 
This  road  is  cut  through  the  dense  growth  of  trees  covering  the 
river  bottom.  In  the  Spring  before  the  trees  leaf  out  one  may 
easily  count  the  last-year's  nests  among  the  branches.  On  April 
10,  1941,  I  did  so  and  counted  among  the  trees  beside  or  over- 
hanging the  road  36  nests,  and  in  the  bottom-land  nearer  the 
river  25  more.  A  total  of  61  nests,  medium  and  large,  all  hung 
diagonally  on  the  branches  and  high  in  the  trees,  constituted 
the  1940  population  of  annularis  wasps  occupying  less  than 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  295 

twenty  acres  of  this  valley.  A  study  of  the  positions  of  these 
61  nests  showed  that  47  of  them  hung  from  the  branches  in 
such  a  way  as  to  receive  the  maximum  amount  of  sunlight. 
The  size  and  excellence  of  the  nests  gave  testimony  that  this 
spot  in  the  blazing  sun  and  beside  the  stream  fulfilled  the 
requirements  of  this  species. 

POLISTES  VARIATUS. 

This  species  was  also  found  occupying  an.  exclusive  habitat, 
and  that  in  the  heart  of  St.  Louis.  I  often,  refer  to  variatus  in 
my  manuscript  notes  as  the  "pots-and-pans"  wasps,  because  of 
its  habit  of  nesting  in  old  kitchen  utensils  and  cans  on  dump 
heaps  in  city  lots ;  she  likes  to  be  near  to  the  ground,  so  she 
makes  the  best  use  of  any  available  shelter.  The  nesting  site 
observed  was  a  sloping  hill-side  along  the  River  des  Peres,  used 
for  years  as  a  dump.  Many  of  the  items  of  rubbish,  pots, 
tubs  and  pans,  which  rolled  to  the  lower  levels,  often  were 
chosen  by  the  variatus  as  nesting  sites.  This  hill-side  in  summer 
is  covered  with  flowering  weeds,  offering  nectar  and  caterpillars, 
and  is  very  attractive  to  many  insects.  A  large  number  of 
Polistcs  wasps  are  to  be  found  on  these  plants  during  the 
summer;  but  for  the  last  three  years  (since  I  began  to  watch 
for  them)  the  only  species  I  have  seen  there  has  been  P. 
variatus.  Often  the  pans  and  cans  are  partly  covered  with  grass 
and  weeds,  but  variatus  seeks  out  an  opening  to  them  some- 
where to  build  her  nest  inside.  I  have  seen  dozens  of  nests  in 
these  situations,  and  I  am  sure  I  did  not  examine  a  hundredth 
part  of  the  likely  places  among  the  rubbish  heaps  in  a  single 
season.  Variatus  wasps  are  ground-loving  creatures,  occupyng 
rodent  burrows  in  the  prairies  of  Kansas,  and  even  though 
there  still  remain  several  stout,  woody  plants  upon  which  they 
could  have  placed  their  nests,  all  of  the  queens  chose  to  build 
near  the  ground  in  metal  shelters.  This  territory  harbored  no 
other  species  of  Polistcs  but  variatus,  but  only  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  in  the  sheds  belonging  to  a  brick-yard,  were 
several  nests  of  another  species,  P.  pallipcs,  but  each  species  kept 
rigidly  to  its  own  territory,  although  it  seemed  easy,  since  the 
river  was  very  narrow,  for  the  two  to  intrude  into  each  other's 
domain. 


296  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

Current  Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    THE   EDITORIAL    STAFF. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Mynopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physio.ogy  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

This  list  gives  references  of  the  current  or  preceding  year  unless  other- 
wise noted.  All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only 
at  their  first  installment. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Note.  References  to  papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  not  so  stated 
In  titles  are  followed  by  (*);  if  containing  keys  are  followed  by  (k); 
papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so  indicated 
in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of  the  paper. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  In 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  Entomological  News  for  10c.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.,  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

Papers   published    in    the    Entomological    News   are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Beall,  G. — Mass  movement  of  the  wasp, 
Polistes  fuscatus  var.  pallipes  Le  P  [Canad.  Field  Nat.] 
56:64-66.  Bequaert,  J. — William  T.  Davis,  the  naturalist. 
[19]  37  (4)  :  139-140.  Calvert,  P.  P.— The  early  history  of 
science  and  learning  in  America.  Entomology,  scientific 
and  human  aspects.  [Proc.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.]  86  (1):  123 
129.  Cleaves,  H.— W.  T.  D[avis]  [19]  37  (4):  132-138, 
portraits.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — The  duty  of  the  entomologist 
[68]  96  (2493)  :  338.  Dobzhansky,  T.— Species  as  they  ap- 
pear to  a  geneticist.  [6]  50  (3):  291  (abstract).  Fletcher, 
F.  C.— The  arrangement  of  insect  specimens  in  boxes  and 
drawers.  [118]  16  (1):  5-6,  ill.  Gaines,  J.  C.— Several 
important  insect  pests  of  cotton.  I.  Relation  of  population 
to  migration.  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  17  (1):  63-65. 
Guyton,  F.  E. — The  block  method  of  mounting  insects. 
[12]  35  (3):  461-462,  ill.  Harvey,  Wm.  Clunie  and  Hill, 
Harry. — Insects  Pests.  Chemical  Publishing  Co.,  Inc., 
Brooklyn,  New  York.  1941.  Pp.  ix,  292,  23  figs.  Hu1!,  L. 
G.— Entomological  gems.  [107]  A  17  (7-9):  77-80. 
Knowlton,  G.  F. — Range  lizards  as  insect  predators.  [12] 
35  (4)  :  602.  Lambert,  R. — Les  insects  forestiers  du  Quebec 
en  1941.  [98]  69  (8-9):  173-205.  Martin,  W.  E.— Hor- 
mones in  Arthropods.  [Proc.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  51 :267- 
272.  Shelford,  V.  E.  &  Boesel,  M.  W.— Bottom  animal 
communities  of  the  island  area  of  western  Lake  Erie  in  the 


Hii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  297 

summer  of  1937.  [43]  42  (5)  :  179-190.  Swingle,  M.  C.  & 
Phillips,  A.  M. — An  insect  rearing  box  with  electric  bar- 
riers.1  [12]  35  (4)  :  603-604,  ill.  Teale,  Edwin  Way.— Near 
Horizons.  The  story  of  an  Insect  Garden.  Dodd,  Mead 
&  Co.,  New  York.  1942.  Pp.  xiv,  319,  ill.  William  T. 
Davis.  An  appreciation  [19]  37  (4):  118-126,  portraits. 
Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. — To  William  T.  Davis,  eighty  years 
young.  [19]  37  (4):  117.  W[eiss],  H.  B.— Entomologists 
and  the  war.  [12]  35  (4)  :  609-610. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bickley,  W.  E.- 

On  the  stomodaeal  nervous  system  of  insects.  [7]  35  (3)  : 
343-354,  ill.  Gregg,  R.  E. — The  origin  of  castes  in  ants, 
with  special  reference  to  Pheidole  morrisi  Forel.  [84 j 
23 :  295-308.  Hartzell,  A.  &  Scudder,  H.  L.— Histological  ef- 
fects of  pyrethrum  and  an  activator  on  the  central  nervous 
system  of  the  housefly.  [12]  35  (3)  :  428-433,  ill.  Haseman, 
L. — Killing  codling  moth  larvae  with  low  temperatures. 
[12]  35  (3):  449-450.  Prosser,  C.  L.— An  analysis  of  the 
action  of  acetylcholine  on  hearts,  particularly  in  arthro- 
pods. [92]  83  (2)  :  145-164.  Richards,  A.  G.,  Jr.— The  inter- 
fibrillar  material  in  the  central  nervous  system  of  mosquito 
larvae  (Culex  pipiens)  [92]  83  (2)  :  300.  Richards,  A.  G., 
Jr.,  &  Anderson,  T.  F. — Further  electron  microscope  studies 
on  arthropod  tracheae.  [6]  50  (3)  :  245-247.  Villee,  C.  A. 
— The  phenomenon  of  homoeosis.  [90]  76:  494-506. 
William,  C.  M. — The  effects  of  temperature  gradients  on 
the  pupal-adult  transformation  of  silkworms.  [92]  82: 
347-355. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Browning,  H.  C. 

-The  integument  and  moult  cycle  of  Tegenaria  atrica 
(Araneae).  [Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  London.  B.  Biol.  Sci.] 
131  (862)  :  65-86,  ill.  Ewing,  H.  E.— A  second  introduced 
rat  mite  becomes  annoying  to  man  [Allodermanyssus  san- 
guineus  (Hirst)].  [Proc.  Helminth.  Soc.  Wash.]  9  (2): 
74-75.  Gregson,  J.  D. — A  new  species  of  tick  found  on 
shrews.  [4]  74  (8)  :  137-139,  ill.  Linsley,  E.  G.— See  under 
Coleoptera.  Mail,  G.  A. — Lethal  temperatures  for  Derma- 
centor  andersoni  Stiles  and  other  ticks  in  British  Columbia. 
[12]  35  (4):  562-564.  Mello-Leitao,  C.  de.— Sete  novos 
Laniatores  colhidos  pelo  Snr.  A  Ruschi  no  Espirito  Santo. 
[15]  14  (2):  159-165,  ill.  Michelbacher,  A.  E.— A  synopsis 
of  the  genus  Scutigerella  (Symphyla).  [7]  35  (3):  267- 
288,  ill.' 


298  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— August- 
son,  G.  F. — A  new  subspecies  of  Foxella  ignota  (Baker) 
from  California  (Siphonaptera:  Dolichopsyllidae).  [38] 
41  (2)  :  69-71,  ill.  Bailey,  S.  F.— The  grape  or  vine  thrips, 
Drepanothrips  reuteri.  The  prickly  pear  cactus  thrips,  Rho- 
palothrips  bicolor.  [12J  35  (3):  382-386,  ill.;  460-461,  ill. 
Frison,  T.  H. — Studies  of  North  American  Plecoptera  with 
special  reference  to  the  fauna  of  Illinois.  [82]  22  (2)  :  235- 
355,  ill.  (k*  ).  Hanson,  J.  F. — Records  and  descriptions 
of  Xorth  American  Plecoptera  pt.  II.  Notes  on  North 
American  Perlodidae.  [119]  28:  389-407,  ill.  (k*). 
Harden,  P.  H. — The  immature  stages  of  some  Minnesota 
Plecoptera.  [7]  35  (3):  318-331,  ill.  Hynes,  H.  B.  N.— A 
study  of  the  feeding  of  adult  stone-flies.  [107]  A  17  (7-9)  : 
81-82.  Kohls,  G.  M. — Siphonaptera:  Ptilopsylla  dunni,  a 
new  species  of  bat  flea  from  Panama.  [Journ.  Parasit.]  28 
(5)  :  361-362,  ill.  Linsley,  E.  G. — See  under  Coleoptera. 
Montgomery,  B.  E. — The  distribution  and  relative  seasonal 
abundance  of  the  Indiana  species  of  Enallagma  (Odonata: 
Agrionidae).  [Proc.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  51:273-278. 
Munger,  F. — A  method  for  rearing  citrus  thrips  in  the 
laboratory.  Notes  on  the  biology  of  the  citrus  thrips. 
[12]  35  (3):  373-357,  ill.;  455.  Whedon,  A.  D.— Some  ob- 
servations on  rearing  Odonata  in  the  laboratory.  [7]  35 
(3)  :  339-342. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Grayson,  J.  McD.— Studies  of  some 
factors  influencing  coloration  of  the  grasshopper,  Melanplus 
bivittatus  Say.  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  17  (1)  :  69-70. 
Griffiths,  J.  T.  &  Tauber,  O.  E. — The  nymphal  development 
for  the  roach,  Periplaneta  americana  L.  [6]  50  (3)  :  263-272, 
ill.  Pierce,  W.  D. — The  preservation  of  color  in  soft  O. 
[38]  41  (2)  :  79.  Tinkham,  E.  R.— The  rediscovery  of  Ano- 
pludusa  arizonensis.  [Bull.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.]  6  (12)  : 
221-227.  A  new  Californian  species  of  Timema  (Phasmo- 
den  :  Timemidae)  with  zoogeographical  notes.  [38]  41  (2)  : 
72-80,  ill.  (k).  Viana,  M.  J. — Observaciones  sobre  los  Acri- 
d.idae  del  Valle  de  Calamuchita,  Cordoba.  [Museo  Argent. 
Cien.  Nat.  Publ.  Extra]  [Ingen.  Agron.]  20  (4):  123-126. 

HEMIPTERA.— Balduf,  W.  V.— Evaluating  the  eco- 
nomic status  of  Phymata.  [12]  35  (3)  :  445-448. '  Bohart,  R. 
M. — Life  history  of  Diaspis  boisduvalii  and  its  control  on 
Cattleya  with  calcium  cyanide.  [12]  35  (3)  :  365.  Drake, 
C.  J.— New  Tingitidae  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  17  (1)  : 


liii,  '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  299 

1-21.  Funkhouser,  W.  D. — Note  on  Stictopelta  nova  Coding. 
[19J  37  (4):  126.  Hixson,  E. — A  new  pest  of  snapdragon 
and  verbena.  [12]  35  (4):  605-606,  ill.  Hungerford,  H.  B. 

-Three  new  Corixidae  from  the  Southern  States.  \\()\  37 
(4):  127-131,  ill.  Manis,  H.  C.  &  Turner,  E.  L.— Biol.,gv 
and  control  of  Empoasca  filamenta.  [12]  35  (3):  416-418. 
McGregor,  W.  S. — Orius  insidiosus,  a  predator  on  cotton 
insects  in  Western  Texas.  [12]  35  (3)  :  454-455.  Partlow, 
C.  O. — An  unusual  infestation  of  bat  bugs  (Cimex  pilosel- 
lus).  |  I'roc.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  51:  280.  Richter,  L.- 
Contribucion  al  conocimiento  de  los  Membracidae  de  Colom- 
bia III.  [Caldasia,  Bogota]  5:  41-49,  ill.  (*).  Strom,  L.  G. 

— Neoparacletus  caricis,  a  new  genus  and  species  of  Aphi- 
dae.  [7]  35  (3):  332-334.  ill.  Tinkham,  E.  R.— Notes  on 
the  Cicadidae  of  Alberta.  [4]  74  (8)  :  155-156.  de  la  Torre- 
Bueno,  J.  R. — Maternal  solicitude  in  Gargaphia  iridescens 
Champion.  [19]  37  (4):  131.  Wood,  S.  F.— Observations 
on  vectors  of  Chagas'  disease  in  the  United  States.  I. 
California.  [38]  41  (2)  :61-69.  [Triatoma  spp.] 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Barber,  G.  W.— Control  of  earworms 
in  corn  by  birds.  [12]  35  (4):  511-513.  Bohart,  R.  M. 
Platynota  stultana  as  a  pest  of  field  grown  carnations.  [12] 
35  (3):  399-403.  Burdick,  W.  N.— A  new  race  of  Pieris 
napi  (L.)  from  New  Mexico.  [4]  74  (8):  154-155.  Busck, 
A. — On  the  making  of  genitalia  slides  of  L.  [37]  11  (2): 
157-163,  ill.  Clench,  H.  K.— The  identity  of  the  Florida 
race  of  Leptotes  ( Lycaenidae).  [6]  50  (3):  243-244.  A 
new  race  of  Hemiargus  for  the  Bahamas  (Lycaeidae).  A 
new  Bahaman  Eurema  (Pieridae).  [115]  15  '(4):  407-408; 
1.6  (1)  1-2.  Notes  on  two  Bahaman  Lycaenidae,  with  the 
description  of  a  new  subspecies.  [Torreia]  No.  7:  4-7. 
March  15,  1941.  Comstock,  J.  A.— [See  Meadows,  D.  be- 
low] No.  26.  A  new  race  of  Arachnis  picta  from  Santa 
Catalina  Island.  [38]  41  (2)  :  83-85,  ill.  Comstock,  J.  A.  & 
Dammers,  C.  M. — Notes  on  the  metamorphoses  of  two  Cali- 
fornia moths.  [38]  41  (2):  91-96,  ill.  Comstock,  J.  A.  & 
Henne,  C. — Notes  on  the  life  history  of  Tolype  glenwoodii 
Barnes.  [38]  41  (2)  :  86-90,  ill.  Comstock,  W.  P.— Nym- 
phnlidae  of  the  Antilles.  [6]  50  (3)  :  283-288  (*).  Detriier, 
V.  G. — Hesperiidae  affecting  sugar  cane  in  Cuba  (k).  The 
early  stages  of  Lerema  Cornelius  Latreille.  [115|  16  (2): 
167-176.  ill.  177-178.  ill.  Dohanian,  S.  M.— Variability  of 
diapause  in  Melissopus  latiferreanus.  |12|  35  ( 3)  :  406-408. 
Ford,  E.  B. — Studies  on  the  chemistry  of  pigments  in  the 


300  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

L.,  with  reference  to  their  bearing  on  systematics.  2.  Red 
pigments  in  the  genus  Delias  Hiibner  [107]  A  17  (7-9): 
87-92.  Fox,  R.  M.— Catalogue  of  the  types  in  the  L.  W. 
Mengel  Butterfly  collection  [Preface  by  Earl  L.  Poole] 
Three  new  Ithomiinae  in  the  Mengel  collection,  [Reading- 
Pub.  Mus.  &  Art  Gal.,  Reading,  Penna.,  Sci.  Pub.]  4:  1-23; 
25-27,  .ill.  (S).  Linsley,  E.  G. — See  under  Coleoptera 
McGuffin,  W.  C. — New  descriptions  of  larvae  of  forest  in- 
sects. V.  Eupithecia,  Hydriomena  (Geometridae).  [4] 
74  (8):  150-153,  ill.  Meadows,  D. — Contributions  from  the 
Los  Angeles  Museum  Channel  Islands  biological  survey  No. 
25.  A  new  Phalaenid  moth  from  the  Channel  Islands.  [38] 
41  (2)  :  81-82.  Michener,  C.  D. — A  generic  revision  of  the 
Heliconiinae  (Nyinphalidae).  [40]  1197:  1-8,  ill.  Schwei- 
zer,  F.  &  Webster  Kay,  R.  G. — Lepidopteros  del  Uruguay. 
II  Catalogo  sistematico  parte  I.  Rhopalocera  y  Grypocera. 
[Anales  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Montevideo]  (2)  5  (3)  :  1-24,  map. 
Yothers,  M.  A. — Epicallima  coloradella  (Wals.),  an  inhabi- 
tant of  perennial  apple  cankers  in  the  Northwest.  [12] 
35  (4)  :  573-576,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — Alexander,  C.  P. — Records  and  descriptions 
of  neotropical  crane-flies  (Tipulidae),  xv.  [6]  50  (3)  :  251- 
262  (*).  Bequaert,  J. — -Carnus  hemapterns  Nitzsch,  an  ecto- 
parasitic  fly  of  birds,  new  to  America.  [19]  37  (4)  :  140-149, 
ill.  A  monograph  of  the  Melophaginae,  or  ked-flies,  of  sheep, 
goats,  deer  and  antelopes  ( Hippoboscidae).  [70]  22  (4): 
173-210,  ill.  ('*).  Blanchard,  E.  E.— Parasites  de  Alabama 
argillacea  Hbn.  en  la  Republica  Argentina  Estudio  prelimi- 
nar.  [106]  134  (2)  :  94-128,  ill.  [Dipt.  *,  Hymen,  *).  Brooks, 
A.  R. — Clistomorpha,  Psalidopteryx  and  allies  (Tachinidae). 
[4]  74  (8):  140-150,  ill.  (k*).  'Cable,  R.  M.— Notes  on 
breeding  places  of  malarial  mosquitoes  in  Tippecanoe 
County  [Indiana].  Proc.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  51:  261-262. 
Carpenter,  S.  J. — Mosquito  studies  in  military  establish- 
ments in  the  Seventh  Corps  area  during  1941.  '[12]  35  (4)  : 
558.  Deonier,  C.  C. — Insect  pests  breeding  in  vegetable 
refuse  in  Arizona.  [12]  35  (3)  :  457-458.  Fairchild,  G.  B.- 
Notes  on  Tabanidae  from  Panama.  IX.  The  genera  Steno- 
banus  Lutz.  Lepiselaga  Macquart  and  related  genera  [7]  35 
(3):  289-309,  ill.  (k*).  Flanders,  S.  E.— An  additional  ob- 
servation on  the  biology  of  Erynnia  nitida.  [12]  35  (4)  : 
607.  Hallock,  H.  C. — The  Sarcophaginae  and  their  relatives 
in  New  York.  II.  [6]  50  (3) :  217-241,  ill.  Harriot,  S.  C.- 
A  new  genus  and  a  new  species  of  Otitidae  from  North 


liii,    '42]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  301 

America.  [6]  50  (3)  :  249-250.  Horsfall,  W.  R.— Breeding 
habits  of  a  rice  field  mosquito.  [12]  35  (4)  :  478-482.  Hull, 
F.  M. — The  flies  of  the  genus  Meromacrus  (Syrphidae). 
[40]  1200:  1-10,  ill.  (Sk*).  Lees,  A.  D.  &  Waddington,  C. 
H. — The  development  of  the  bristles  in  normal  and  some 
mutant  types  of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [Proc.  Roy.  Soc. 
London  B.  Biol.  Sci.]  131  (862):  87-110,  ill.  Lindquist,  A. 
W.  &  Deonier,  C.  C. — Flight  and  oviposition  habits  of  the 
Clear  Lake  gnat  [Chaoborus  astictopus  D.  &  S.]  [12]  35 
(3):  411-415,  ill.  Mangabeira,  O.,  Filho. — Contribuigao  ao 
estuclo  dos  Flebotomus  (Diptera:  Psychodidae)  [111]  37 
(2):  111-218,  225-240,  ill.  (S*).  Metcalf,  C.  L.— Mexican 
fruitfly  found  in  Illinois.  [12]  35  (4):  507.  Rowe,  J.  A.- 
Bionomics  of  Iowa  mosquitoes.  [Iowa  State  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.] 
17  (1):  111-113.  Stewart,  M.  A.  &  Roessler,  E.  B.— The 
seasonal  distribution  of  myiasis-producing  D.  [in  Califor- 
nia] [12]  35  (3):  408-411.  ill. 

COLEOPTERA. — d'Araujo  e  Silva,  A.  G.  &  de  Almeida, 
D.  G. — Entomologia  florestal,  Contribuigao  ao  estuclo  das 
coleobrocas.  [Minist.  Agric.  Dept.  Nac.  Produc.  Veg.  Div. 
Defensa  Sanit.  Veg.,  Rio  Janeiro]  Publ.  16:  1-100,  ill. 
Arrow,  G.  J. — The  origin  of  stridulation  in  beetles  [107] 
A  17  (7-9)  :  83-86.  Balzer,  A.— Life-history  of  the  corn  sap 
beetle  in  rice.  [12]  35  (4):  606-607.  Becker,  W.  B.— Pri- 
onus  laticollis  (Drury)  in  a  subterranean  wooden  duct  for 
telephone  cables.  [12]  35  (4):  608.  Bondy,  F.  F.  &  Rain- 
water, C.  F. — Boll  weevil  hibernation,  survival  and  emerg- 
ence under  South  Carolina  conditions.  [12]  35  (4)  :  495- 
498.  Cole,  A.  C.,  Jr. — Observations  of  three  species  of  Sil- 
pha.  [119]  28  '(I):  161-163.  Dennell,  R.— The  structure 
and  function  of  the  mouth-parts,  rostrum  and  fore-gut  of  the 
weevil  Calandra  granaria.  [Phil  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Lond.  B. 
Biol.  Series]  231  (581):  247-291,  ill.  Hodson,  A.  C.— Bio- 
logical notes  on  the  basswood  leaf-miner.  Baliosus  rnber 
(Weber).  [12]  35  (4):  570-573.  ill.  Leech,  H.  B.— Key  to 
the  nearctic  genera  of  water  beetles  of  the  tribe  Atrabini, 
with  some  generic  synonymy  (Dytiscidae).  [7]  35  (3)  : 
355-362.  ill.  Linsley,  E.  G. — Insect  food  caches  as  reservoir^ 
and  original  sources  of  some  stored  products  pests.  A  nat- 
ural habitat  for  the  black  carpet  beetle;  wood-boring  habit 
of  the  drugstore  beetle;  attack  of  the  lead  cable  borer  on 
asphalt  roofing  material  [12]  35  (3):  434-439;  452.  (Col.). 
Linsley,  E.  G.  &  MacLeod,  G.  F. — Ambrosia  beetles  attack- 
ing deciduous  fruit  trees  in  California.  [12|  35  (4):  601, 


302  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '42 

Reinhard,  H.  J. — The  life  history  of  Phyllophaga  farta  and 
P.  crassissima.  [12]  35  (4):  576-582.  Shirck,  F.  H.— The 
flight  of  sugar-beet  wireworm  adults  in  southwestern  Idaho. 
[12]  35  (3)  :  423-427.  Stone,  M.  W.— Effect  of  sterile  and 
unsterile  foods  on  rate  development  of  wireworms.  [12]  35 
(4)  :  600-601-  Williams,  R.  W. — Notes  on  the  bionomics  of 
Lixtis  fimbriolatus  Boh.  [7]  35  (3)  :  366-372,  ill.  Woodworth, 
C.  E. — Will  click  beetles  mate  more  than  once  and  are  they 
parthenogenetic?  [12]  35  (3)  :  418-419. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Beall,  G.— [See  under  General]. 
Blanchard,  E.  E. — See  also  under  Diptera.  Cole,  A.  C.,  Jr. 

-The  ants  of  Utah.  [119]  28:  358-388  ill.  (k).  Dow,  R.- 
The  relation  of  the  prey  of  Sphecius  speciosus  to  the  size 
and  sex  of  the  adult  wasp.  (Sphecidae).  [7]  35  (3):  310- 
317.  Eckert,  J.  E. — The  pollen  required  by  a  colony  of 
honeybees.  [12]  35  (3)  :  309-311.  Flanders,  S.  E.— Oosorp- 
tion  and  ovulation  in  the  parasitic  Hymenoptera.  [7]  35  (3) 
251-266,  ill.  The  larval  tneconium  of  parasitic  H.  as  a  sign 
of  the  species.  [12]  35  (3):  456-457.  Gregg,  R.  E.— [See 
under  Anat.]  Haydak,  M.  H.  &  Palmer,  L.  S.— Royal  jelly 
and  bee  bread  as  sources  of  vitamins  Bl,  B2,  B6,  C  and 
nicotinic  and  pantothenic  acids.  [12]  35  (3):  319-320. 
Linsley,  E,  G.— See  under  Coleoptera.  Michener,  C.  D.— 
Taxonomic  observations  on  bees  with  descriptions  of  new 
genera  and  species  (Apoidea)  ;  History  and  behavior  of  a 
colony  of  harvester  ants.  [6]  50  (3):  273-282;  291-292 
(abstract).  Morrill,  A.  W.,  Jr. — Notes  on  the  biology  of 
Microbracon  hebetor.  [12]  35  (4):  593-594.  Noble,  L.  W. 
&  Hunt,  W.  T. — Methods  of  rearing  the  pink  bollwortn 
parasites  Chelonus  and  Microbracon.  [12]  35  (4)  :  597. 
Parker,  G.  H.— The  numbers  of  ants  in  ant  colonies.  [7] 
35  (3):  363-365.  Rau,  P.— The  nesting  habits  of  Polistes 
wasps  as  a  factor  in  taxonomy.  [7]  35  (3)  :  335-338.  Todd, 
F.  E.  &  Bretherick,  O. — The  composition  of  pollens.  [12] 
35  (3)  :  312-317.  Vansell,  G.  H.,  Watkins,  W.  G.  &  Bishop, 
R.  K. — Orange  nectar  and  pollen  in  relation  to  bee  activity. 
[12]  35  (3):  321. 

NOTICE 

With  the  increasing  demands  of  the  present  war  times  upon 
the  volunteer  services  of  all  concerned  with  the  work  of  the 
NEWS,  and  the  limitations  imposed  upon  business,  it  is  im- 
possible/to foresee  what  the  coming  months  may  bring  forth, 
hut  it  is  our  earnest  hope  that  a  change  of  printers  will  be  the 
least  of  our  problems,  and  that  our  journal  may  continue  to  fill 
the  place  it  has  so  long  occupied  in  American  Entomology. 


EXCHANGES 

This   column   is   intended    only   for   wants   and   exchanges,   not   for 

advertisements  of  goods  for  sale  or  services  rendered.     Notices 

not  exceeding   three   lines   free   to    subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new 
ones  are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and,  only  when  necessary  those  at  the 
top  (being  longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted — Living  specimens  of  the  luminous  beetle  Phengodes 
this  summer.  E.  Newton  Harvey,  The  Biology  Dept.,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

I  want  to  collect  Rothschildia,  agapema,  gulfina  and  io  moths  and 
Texas  butterflies  for  interested  persons.  Eula  Frizzell,  R  4  San 
Benito,  Texas. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Trox  from  North  America.  Will 
exchange  or  determine  for  duplicate  material.  Alark  Robinson,  231 
Cherry  St.,  Sharon  Hill,  Pennsylvania. 

Lepidoptera — From  the  South,  including  P.  palamedes,  T.  halesus 
and  E.  jucunda  to  exchange  for  fauna  from  other  localities.  H.  W. 
Eustis,  Woodbine  Rd.,  Lakemont,  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Wanted — Egg  cases  of  preying  mantids.  Correspondence  desired 
with  those  who  will  collect.  Osmond  P.  Breland,  Department  of 
Zoology,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

Wanted — To  buy,  specimens  of  bees  of  the  genus  Nomada,  any 
quantity,  especially  North  American.  Quote  price,  locality.  Hugo 
G.  Rodeck,  University  of  Colorado  Museum,  Boulder  Colorado. 

Arctic  Lepidoptera  especially  Noctuidae — Wanted  to  hear  from 
collectors  who  desire  the  Arctic  Species.  Have  large  collection. 
R.  J.  Fitch.  Lloydminster,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 

Wanted — Tropical  Lepidoptera  and  Insects.  Also  domestic  species. 
Will  exchange  or  buy  specimens.  M.  A.  Zappalorti,  253  Senator 
Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wanted — Specimens  of  the  genus  Calendra  (Sphcnophorus)  from 
North  America.  Will  exchange  Eastern  U.  S.  Calendra  or  other 
Coleoptera  for  desired  species.  R.  C.  Casselberry,  302  Lincoln 
Avenue,  Lansdowne,  Penna. 

Coccinellidae  wanted  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  especially  South 
and  Central  America.  Buy  or  exchange.  G.  H.  Dicke,  1101 
Argonne  Drive,  Baltimore,  Md. 


WANTED 

Good  Entomological  Libraries 

("And  They  Must  Be  GOOD") 

FOR  CASH 


Up  to  date,  specialized  libraries  preferred,  also  carefully 
assembled  libraries  on  the  general  subject. 

I  am  not  at  all  interested  in  miscellaneous  lots  of  material 
which  have  been  discarded  as  of  no  use  by  their  owners:  e.  g. 
Reports  of  State  Entomologists,  non-technical  bulletins,  common 
Government  publications,  purely  popular  works,  etc. 


REAL  "A  #  1"  TECHNICAL  WORKS 
(in  all  languages)  are  what  I  wish 


JOHN  D.  SHERMAN,  JR 

132  PRIMROSE  AVENUE 

MOUNT  VERNON,  NEW  YORK 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME   LIN. 


(*Indicates  new  genera,  species,  names,  etc.) 

AARON,  E.  MURRAY.    Herbert  Morrison  in  Mexico 142 

ABBOTT,  CYRIL  E.    The  circling  of  Gyrinus 271 

ALEXANDER,  C.  P.    The  descrihers  of  insects  species  ....  197 
ANON.     Additions   to  the  insects   in  the  U.   S.    National 

Museum    246 

The  American  Commission  on  Scientific  Nomenclature 

in    Entomology    200 

Aquatic  plants  and  mosquito  larvae 66 

The  carry-over  of  jungle  fever  virus 252 

Changes  at  the  Ohio  State  University   155 

Distribution  of  insects  by  airplanes 180 

The  insects  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, New  York  City 248 

The  malaria-carrying  Anopheles  gambiae   172 

Meeting  of  Scientific  photographers    210 

Spotted  fever  in  the  Gulf  Coast  of  Texas 285 

BALDUF,  W.  V.     Color  aberrance  in  Daibrotica  12-punc- 

tata    171 

BARBER,  G.  W.  &  PEPPER,  B.  B.     The  corn  lanternfly  in 

New  Jersey 22 

BARTLETT,  L.  M.    A  dehydration  and  embedding  schedule 

for  insects    109 

BEALL,  G.    On  the  relationship  between  the  moth,  Campty- 

lochila  americalis  and  Formica  rufa  obscuripes    24 

BEARD,  R.  L.     A  note  on  Lagochirus  araneiformis   61 

BENESH,   B.      Some   notes   on   Nearctic   stagbeetles,    with 

descr.  of  a  n.  sp.  of  Platycerus  from  Pacific  Northwest  221 
BLATSDELL,  F.  E.     Notes  concerning  Eschatomoxys  wag- 

neri    43 

BRADLEY,  J.  C.     Notes  on  bees  (Andrenidae)    189 

BROWN,  F.  M.     Appius  ilaire  ilaire  in  Colorado SJ 

So-called  Papilio  ajax  americus  in   No.  America    ....  291 

303 


304  INDEX 

CALVERT,  P.  P.     Editorial :     An  Appreciation 271 

Notice:     Memorial  Tablet  to  Dr.  Levi  W.  Mengel 155 

Obituary  notice :     H.   Eltringham    60 

Obituary  notice :     Anton  von  Schulthess-Schindler  ....  246 

Review :     Atlas  of  scale  insect  of   N.  Amer 237 

Review :     College  Entomology   178 

Review :     Eernald  Club  Yearbook   180 

Review     A  lot  of  insects 119 

(See  also  Williams  &  Calvert) 
CAUSEY,  N.  B.     Six  new  Diplopods  of  the  family  Xysto- 

desmidae    165 

CEBALLOS,  G.    Institute  Espanol  de  Entomologia 23 

CHAMBERLIN,   R.   V.     A   new  American  centiped   of   the 

genus  Scutigera   10 

Notes  on  a  collection  of  centipeds  chiefly  from  Louisi- 
ana Arkansas  and  Missouri   184 

CLENCH,   H.    K.      A   new   race   of    Atlides   halesus    from 

California    219 

COOKE,  H.  G.     Mating  flights  of  Isonychia  may-flies   ....  249 
CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.     Descriptions  of  two   new   Nearctic 

species  of  the  genus  Hydrellia  reared  from  pond-weed  78 

DAVIS,  J.  J.     Obituary :     James  Troop 21 

EDITORIAL  STAFF.     Current  Entomological  Literature  25, 

52,  86,  115,  147,  173,  201,  228.  262,  296. 

FERNALD,  H.  T.     Annotated  list  of  Florida  Sphecinae   .  .  286 

FORBES,  W.    T.  M.  The  genus  Megistanis    278 

The   wing  of   the   Schizopini    101 

FRANCLEMONT,  J.  G.     Notes  on  some  Cucullinae  ....31,  63 
FREEMAN,  H.  A.     Notes  on  some  North  American  Hes- 
periidae  with  the  description  of  a  new  race  of   Polites 

verna     103 

FROESCHNER,  R.  C.    The  nymphs  of  Aelia  and  Neottiglossa  292 

FRONK,  W.  D.     (see  Knowlton  &  Fronk) 

FULLER,  H.   S.      Notes   on  a  collection  of    Siphonaptera, 

mainly   from   Pennsylvania    136 

GAUL,  A.  T.    Livia  marginata  attended  by  ants 24 


INDEX  305 

HARRIS,  H.  M.     The  male  of  Pagasa  fasciventris   36 

HAYES,  W.  P.    The  eastern  ant  cricket  in  Illinois 139 

HORSFALL,  W.  R.  and  TULLER,  A.  V.     An  apparatus  for 

obtaining  interval  collections  of  insects   253 

HULL,  F.  M.     The  mating  habits  of  robberflies   132 

JOHANNSEN,    O.    A.      Ccratopogon    albarius    and    related 

species     76 

Immature  and  adult  stages  of  new  species  of  Chirono- 

midae  70 

KNIGHT,  H.  H.  Stittocapsus  new  genus  and  Calocoris  tex- 

anus  new  species  from  the  United  States 156 

KNOWLTON,  G.  F.  &  FRONK,  W.  D.    Some  grass  aphid  host 

records     112 

KNULL,  J.  N.     New  Cerambycidae  with  notes 224 

LAFLEUR,  L.  J.     Wooden-walled  ant  nests    1 

LEECH,  H.  B.     Obituary:     F.  C.  Hennessey    60 

LEECH,  H.  R.     Obituary :     Ralph  Hopping 60 

MC.CLURE,  H.   E.     Spring  aphid  aero-plankton    67 

MICHENER,  C.  D.    Taxonomic  notes  on  the  genera  Chelos- 

toma  and  Ashmeadiella 

PEPPER,   B.   B.      (see  Barber  &  Pepper) 

PHILIP,  C.  B.     The  types  and  status  of  Chrysops  ceras.  .  110 

PHILLIPS,  E.  F.  Obtiuary :     James  Allen  Nelson   59 

POOLE,  E.  L.     Obituary :     Herman  Hornig 238 

RAU,  P.    Clouds  of  butterflies  in  Mexico :  a  study  in  but- 
terfly   aggregations    121 .     151.181 

Habitat  preferences  of  Polistes  wasps   293 

The  terms  instinct  and  intelligence  as  used  in  discussions 

of  insect  behavior   79 

REES,  D.  M.     Overwintering  habits  in  Utah  of  Anopheles 

maculipennis  freeborni    282 

REHN,  J.  A.  G.     Note  on  the  genus  Bertoniella   245 

REINHARD,  H.  J.     A  new  species  of  Oedematocera  with 

notes  and  key 106 

RILEV,  N.  D.     Misidentified  genotypes   45 

RODECK,  H.  G.     Colorado  lepidoptera  records   5S 


306  INDEX 

SABROSKY,  C.  W.     An  unusual  rearing  of  Rainieria  brun- 

neipes     283 

Types   vs.    types    7 

SATTERTHWAIT,  A.  F.    Weevils  affecting  chufa 11,     37 

SCHOOF,  H.  F.     Sponge  rubber:     Its  use  in  shipping  con- 
tainers          22 

SMITH,  F.     Effect  of  reduced  food  supply  upon  the  struc- 
ture of  Camponotus  ants   133 

SOMMERMAN,  K.  M.      Rearing  technique  for  Corrodentia  259 
STEYSKAL,  G.     A  new  species  of  Phyllomyza  from  Vir- 

* 

ginia 84 

TATE,  H.  H.  D.  &  WIRTH,  W.  W.     Notes  on  mosquitoes 

in    Nebraska     211 

TULLER,  A.  V.     (see  Horsfall  &  Tuller) 

TUTHILL,  L.  D.     Two  new  sps.  of   Colophya  and  notes 

on  others 215 

USINGER,  R.  L.     A  brachypterous  Reduvius  from  Lower 

California     198 

WESTFALL,  M.  J.,  JR.    A  list  of  the  dragonflies  taken  near 

Brevard,  North  Carolina 94,   127 

WHITE,  B.   E.     A  new  genus  and  species  of   Coleoptera 

from  southwestern  United  States 16 

WHITE,  B.  E.     Notes  on  Johnson's  South  Dakota  Chry- 

somelid  paper 83 

WILLIAMS,  J.   L.     Heavy  infestation  of  tent  caterpillars 

in    Chester    County,    Pa 247 

Unorthodox  and  abnormal  structure  of  lepidoptera    .  .     91 
WILLIAMS,  R.  C.  &  CALVERT,  P.  P.     Obituary :  William 

Schaus  239 

WIRTH,  W.  W.     (See  Tate  &  Wirth) 

W'ooo,  C.  E.  &  GOTTSCHALK,  C.  W.     The  Butterflies  of 

Roanoke  and  Montgomery  counties,  Virginia. x.  143,  159,   191 
WORTH,  C.  B.     Again:  Why  does  Gyrinus  circle? 170 

Studies  on  sibling  Callosamia  angulifera 241,  274 


INDEX 


307 


GENERAL  SUBJECTS 

American  Commission  on 
Scientific  Nomenclature  in 

Entomology     200 

American     Museum     of     Nat. 

Hist,    Insects    in    248 

Collecting   apparatus    253 

Controlling  chufa  insects    ....     43 
Dehydration     and     embedding 

schedule  for  insect    109 

Describers   of   insect  species..    197 
Distribution  of  insects  by  air- 
planes       180 

Entomological  literature :  25, 
52,  86,  115,  147,  173,  201,228, 

262,  296. 
Food  supply,  Effects  upon  ants  133 

Alisidentified  genotypes   45 

Instinct  and  intelligence  terms 

used  in  insect  behavior   79 

Institute   Espanol   de   Entomo- 

logia    23 

Jungle-fever  virus,  Carry-over  252 

Light  trap   253 

Memorial  tablet  to  Mengel   . .    155 
Ohio  State  University,  Changes 

at  the    155 

Photographers,      Meeting      of 

scientific  210 

Relationship  between  moth  and 

ant   24 

Sponge     rubber :     Its    use     in 

shipping  containers   22 

Spotted  fever  in  Texas   285 

Scientific  nomenclature  in  en- 
tomology, American  commis- 
sion    200 

Types    vs.   types    7 

United  States  National  Muse- 
um, Insects  in  246 

OBITUARY  NOTICES 
Eltringham,    H 60 


Hennessey,  F.  C. 


60 


Hopping,    Ralph    60 

Hornig,  Herman   238 

Laurent,    Philip    227 

Nelson,  James  Allen    59 

Schaus,  William    239 

Schulthess-Schindler,    Anton..  246 

Sherborn,  Charles  Davies 218 

Troop,    James    21 

PERSONALS 

Morrison,   Herbert  in   Mexico  142 

Osburn,  R.  C 155 

Snyder,  L.  H 155 

REVIEWS 

Essig.  College  Entomology   . .    178 
Fernald    Club    Yearbook    ....   180 
Ferris :    Atlas  of  the  scale  in- 
sects of  N.  Am 237 

Lutz :     A  lot  of  insects    199 

GEOGRAPHICAL 
DISTRIBUTION 

Alabama :  Col 38 

Arizona:  Col.  21,  225;  Hem. 

157;    Horn.   216;    Lep.   291; 

Arach 10 

Arkansas:  Col.  38;  Lep.  104; 

Chilo 185 

California:  Col.  20,  43,  47; 

Hem.  157;  Horn.  216;  Lep.  219 
Colorado:  Horn.  218;  Hym. 

189;  Lep 58,  82 

Connecticut :  Horn.  24 ;  Hym.  24 
Florida:  Col.  61;  Dipt.  77; 

Horn.  22;  Hym.  286  Lep..  105 

Georgia :  Col.  13 ;  Dipt 77 

Illinois:  Col.  41,  171;  Dipt. 

77;    Horn.    67;    Hym.    189; 

Lep.  291;  Orth 140 

Indiana  Col.  12;  41;  Lrp 33 

Kansas :  Col.  41  ;  Hem 36 

Kentucky  Dipt.  167;  Horn...  67 
Louisiana  :  Chilo 184 


308 


INDEX 


Maine :     Lep 32 

Maryland:  Col 223 

Massachusetts  :      H  y  m.     134  ; 

Lep 32 

Michigan:    Col.  223;  Dipt.  73, 

78,  283 
Mississippi:    Col.  13,  38;  Dipt. 

132 

Missouri:     Col.   12,  38;    Hym. 

293;   Lep.   105;   Chilo 184 

Montana  :    Horn 217 

Nebraska:    Dipt 211 

New  Jersey:    Dipt.  77;  Horn. 

22;   Hym.   190;   Lep 32 

New  York :    Dipt.  72,  77,  107  ; 

Lep.   32,   65. 
North    Carolina:      Col.     39; 

Odonata    94,    127;    Diplo...   165 

Ohio:     Dipt.    106;    Lep 105 

Oklahoma:    Col.  41;  Lep.  105; 

Chilo 185 

Oregon:     Col 223 

Pennsylvania :    Col.  226 ;  Lep. 

32,  247;    Neu.  250;    Siph...    136 

Rhode  Island :     Lep 33 

South   Dakota:     Hym 190 

Tennessee:     Col.    222;    Diplo.  168 
Texas:     Col.  224;    Dipt.    107; 

Hem.   158;   Hym.   189;   Lep. 

103;    Chilo 185 

Utah:     Dipt.  282;   Hem.   158; 

Horn 112 

Vermont :     Lep 33 

Virginia:    Dipt.  84;  Lep.  143, 

159,    191. 
Canada:     Lep.    32,    64;    Siph.  136 

Lower  California  :     Hem 198 

Mexico:     Col.   61;    Dipt.    107, 

111;  Lep.  121,   151,  181. 
Central     America:      Col.     61; 

Dipt 107 

West   Indies:     Col.   61;    Dipt.     71 
South  America :    Col.  61  ;  Lep. 

280;  Orth.  246 


Polynesia :     Col 62 

COLEOPTERA 

altns*,    Anoplocuriiis    224 

Anoplocitrius 224 

Anlhophylax   226 

arancijormis,   Lagochints    ....     61 

arcuatits,  Leptostylits   227 

Barilcpis    13 

Barinus     12 

brcvis,  Dorcus  223 

Calendra 37 

callosa.  Calendra  37 

canotiae,   Anoplocurins    224 

caprcolus,  Pscudolucanns    ....   222 

cariosa,  Calendra 41 

Chrysomelidae,    Correction    in 

nomenclature 83 

Circling   of    Gyrinus    271 

confitsa,   Sibariofs    12 

cornuticeps,    Oncidercs    227 

curticollis,  Barinus   12 

Dascillus    101 

\2-punctata,   Diabrotica    171 

dclicata*,  Perigracilia 225 

destructor,    Calendra    39 

Dabrotica,    Color    aberrance..    171 

Dorcus    223 

Eschatomoj-ys,   Concerning    . .     43 

grisca,  Barilepis 13 

Gyrinus,   Circling   of    170,  271 

incmnplctus,  Anoplocuriits  ....   224 

Lagochints,  Note  on   61 

Lcptostylus    227 

liuslcyi*,    Taranoinis    226 

malachiticus,  Anthophla.r   ....   226 

namts,   Dorcus    223 

Oncidercs 227 

parkcri*,  Serraticollis 20 

parzmla,  Calendra 41 

Perigracilia     225 

Pscudolucanus    222 

rhois*,    Serraticollis     18 

Schizopini,   Wing   of    101 


INDEX 


309 


Schisopus     101 

S 'erratic ollis*  17 

Sibariops    12 

squamolinctns,  Barimis   12 

Taranomis 226 

venatus,  Calendra 42 

viridis,  Anthophylax    226 

viriditinctus*,   Platycerus    ....  222 

K'ctgncri,  Eschatomoxys 43 

Weevils  affecting  chufa 11 

DIPTERA 

Aedes   212 

albaria,    Ceratopogon,    Jcnkin- 

shclca,  Jenkinsia    76 

Anopheles    172 

antcnnaepcs,    Rainicria    283 

Aquatic    plants    and    mosquito 

larvae   66 

ascita*,    Hydrellia    78 

bastardi,   Promachus    132 

brunncipcs,  Rainicria   283 

ccras,    Chrysops    110 

Ceratopogon    76 

Chironomus    71 

Chrysops     110 

Cricotopus   73 

Culicidae    of    Nebraska     ....     211 

dampfi,    Ocdcmatocera    107 

ditbitatus*,  Orthocladius 72 

Erax     132 

flai'cola,    Ocdcmatocera    107 

jlavipcs*,   Cricotopus    73 

frccborni,  Anopheles    282 

gambiac,    Anopheles    172 

gih'ipcs,  Ocdcmatocera    107 

Haemagorgus  252 

Hydrellia   78 

intcrruptus,  Erax 132 

Jenkinshclca    76 

Jenkinsia    76 

J  ohannscniclla     76 

Johannscnomyia     76 

luctuosa*,    Hydrellia    78 

Alacropcza     76 


maculipennis,    Anopheles    ....  282 
magnipcnnis,     Johannscniella, 

Johannscnomyia     76 

Malaria-carrying  Anopheles  . .  172 

Mating  habits  of  robberflies  ..  132 

mcgaccras,  Chrysops    110 

tnilnci*,   Phyllomysa    84 

Mosquitoes  of   Nebraska    ....  211 

nigromaculacules,    Acdes    ....  212 

Oedcmatoccra     106 

optata,  Ocdcmatocera  107 

Orthocladius   72 

Overwintering     of     Anopheles  282 

Phyllomyza   84 

Promachus    132 

Rainicria    283 

Rearing  of  Rainicria   283 

Schistocercophaga    (see   Oede- 

matocera) 
sctosipcnnis,  Jenkinshclca,  Ma- 

cropcza     76 

similis,  Macro  peso    77 

striata,  Oedematocera 107 

willistoni,    Chironomus    71 

HEMIPTERA 

Aelia,   Nymphs   of    292 

Aero-plankton,  Aphid   67 

allcni*,  Amphorophora    113 

Amphorophora    113 

Aphid   aero-plankton    67 

Aphid  host  records  112 

aurca*,  Calophya   217 

calijornica,  Calophya   215 

Calocoris    153 

Calophya    215 

dubia,    Calophya    217 

jascivcntris,  Pagasa   36 

franscriae*,    Stittocapsus    ....  156 

frugiperda,   Laphygma    22 

graniinum,  Toxoptcra 68 

lactucae,    Pemphigus    70 

Laphygma    22 

Liria  -marginata  and  ants   ....  24 

Klacrosiphinn     70 


310 


INDEX 


maidis,  Peregrinus   22 

marginata,  Liria   24 

mimtta*,   Cahphya    216 

Ncottiglossa,  Nymphs  of    292 

Nymphs  of  Aclia  and  Ncotti- 
glossa      292 

Pagasa     36 

Pemphigus 70 

Percgrinns     22 

pisi,  Macrosiphum    70 

prunifoliae,  Rhopalosiphum  ...  68 

Rhopalosiphwn 68 

Redmius    198 

scnilis,  Rcdnrius   199 

sonoracnsis*,  Reduvius   198 

Stjttocapsns*     156 

tc.ranus*,     Calocoris     158 

To.voptcra    68 

HYMENOPTERA 

abdoininalis,    Calliopsis    190 

icrariiim,  Chlorion    286 

americana,    Lasius    140 

annularis,   Polistcs    294 

Ant  Nests   1 

Aslnncadiella 47 

cactornin,    Ashmcadiclla 49 

Calliopsis  190 

Camponotus    134 

Chclostmna      47 

Chlorion     286 

compositarum  (see  illinoicnsis) 

Cremastogaster    140 

cnrrici,  Aslnncadiella   49 

cyancnin,   Chlorion    286 

dilccta,  Alelissodes    189 

diibitatum,    Chlorion    289 

Florida    Sphecinae    286 

Food  supply  of  Cainponotns  .  .  133 

Formica    24 

joxiella,    Ashmcadiclla     50 

f rater,   Mclissodcs    189 

fnscata,  Formica    24 

Habitat   preferences    of   wasps  293 

hamata*,    Tctralonia  189 


illinoicnsis,    Psciidopanurgns  190 

Kelissodcs    189 

Lasius  140 

lineolata,     Cremastogaster  140 

mcliloti,    Ashmcadiclla     49 

Mclissodcs  189 

obscuripes,  Formica 24 

occipitalis,    Ashmcadiclla    ....  50 

pennsylvanicus,    Camponotus. .  134 

Polistcs    293 

Pscudopanurgus     190 

rhodognatha,   Ashmcadiclla    . .  51 

ruhii/inosus.   Polistes    293 

sah'iac,  Ashmcadiclla  51 

singularis,    Chlorion    289 

Sphecinae  of  Florida  286 

spcciosa,   Mclissodcs    189 

Tctralonia    189 

tctramcrum*,  Chclostoma    ....  47 

thomac,  Chlorion  287 

timberlakei,  Ashmeadiclla  ....  50 

tricolor,    Calliopsis    190 

variatus,    Polistcs     295 

washingtonensis,        Ashmcadi- 
clla      50 

.vcnomasta.i',    Ashmcadiclla    .  .  51 

LEPIDOPTERA 

Abnormal       and      unorthodox 

structures     91 

Achlyodcs    152 

adjutri.r,   Chlosyne    153 

aciins,    Mcgistanis    280 

acrata,    Synchlora     94 

Agrotis     92 

aja.v,    Papilio     291 

aidca,    Anaca     152 

amasonicus,  Megistanis  280 

amcricalis,     Camptylochila     . .  24 

americana,    Malacosoma     ....  247 

ainericits,    Papilio     291 

Anaca 152 

angulifera,    Callosamia     ..241,  274 

Antcos    123 

A  p  pins     82 


INDEX 


311 


argantc,  Callidryas   

argillicosta*,    Lithophanc    .... 

Ascia     

astcrios,    Papilio    

asychis,    Chiomara    

Athena     

Atlides 146, 

autoclcs,  Papilio 

baeotus,    Megistanis     

bella,  Utethcisa 

biplagiata,    Victorina    

brettus,    Politcs     

Butterflies  of  Roanoke  and 
Montgomery  Counties,  Vir 
ginia 143, 

Callidryas    

Callosamia     .241, 

Camptylochila     

canentissima* ,    Lithophanc    . . 

ccntaurac,    Pyrgits    

Chiomara 

Chioidcs   

chiron,   Athena    

Chfosyne     

clar'mde,   Antcos    

clorinde,    Gonetery.v    

Colaenis     

Colorado    lepidoptera    records 

corcoranl*,  A  tildes  Jialesus    . . 

crcsphontcs,    Papilio    

deucalion,  Megistanis 

Drepanulatri.v     

drucci,    Mcgathymus    

duscalis*,    Lithophanc     

elva,   Microtia    

estesi,  Atlides 

cubule,    Callidryas    

eubnle,    Phocbis    

Eurcnta 

ferrcalis,  Lithophanc    

Gonepteryx     

halesus,  Atlides,  Papilio  . .  146, 

ilaire,    Appius    

illecebra*,    Lithophanc     

Incisalia,  


122 
34 
155 
126 
153 
154 
219 
125 
281 
94 
151 
146 


159 
122 
274 

24 

65 
146 
153 
154 
154 
153 
123 

58 
151 

58 
219 
125 
281 

92 
142 

35 
154 
221 
122 
155 
146 

31 

58 
219 

82 

64 
146 


innominata,  Lithophane,  Xylina    63 

janais,  Chlosyme  154 

japctus,    Megistanis     281 

jncnnda,    Enrcma     146 

julia,  Colaenis    151 

libcraria,    Drepanulatrix     ....     92 

lignicosta*,  Lithophanc   32 

Lithophanc     31,     63 

Intcocosta*.  Lithophanc   35 

marccllus,    Papilio     126 

Matacosma    247 

maxima,  Phocbis 123 

Megistanis  278 

Mcgathymus     142 

Mexican  butterflies    121,  151 

Microtia   154 

Migrations  of  butterflies  ....  131 
Montgomery  county  (Va.) 

butterflies     191 

monnste,    Ascia     155 

nicippe,   Eitrcma    146 

Papilio 125,  291 

niveocosta*,  Lithophanc  ....  33 
North  American  Hespcriidae  103 
pallidicosta*,  Lithophanc  ....  33 

pctrcus,    Athena    154 

philcy,  Phocbis 146 

philolaits,    Papilio     126 

Phocbis   123,   146,  155 

Plathypena    91 

polios,  Incisalia   146 

Politcs     103,  146 

Polygonia     145 

Precis   154 

pscudoamcricits*,  Papilio  aja.v  291 

Pyrgns   146 

Roanoke    county,     (Va.)    but- 
terflies       191 

scabra,  Plathypena    91 

scquoyah*,   Politcs    104 

Sibling    Callosamia    angitlijcra 

241,  274 

sii/nosa,   Xylina,    Lithophanc..     'o 

sinythi,    Polygonia    145 

Sparganothis 92 


312 


INDEX 


stabilis,    Papilio    291 

statira,    Callidryas    122 

sulfurcana,    Sparganothis    ....     92 

Synchlora     94 

Tent  caterpillers,  Heavy  infes- 
tation    247 

thraso,    Achlyodcs    152 

Th\sania     58 

trite,    Callidryas    122 

Utethcisa   94 

verna,   Polites 103 

Victorina     151 

Xylina    63 

ypsilon,   Agrotis    92 

zcnobia,    Thysania    58 

silpa,  Chioides   154 

zonalis,  Precis  154 

ODONATA 

allcghanicnsis,  Macromia   ....   100 

amatum,    Calopteryx    129 

angustipenne,  Calopteryx   ....   129 

apicale,    Calcoptcryx    129 

auripcnnis,    Libcllula    128 

basidcns,    Enallagma    131 

Calopteryx 129 

Celithcmis    126 

Cordulcgastcr   100 

Dragonflies    taken    near    Bre- 

vard,  North  Carolina 94 

Enallagm     . . . 131 

Epicordnlia     127 

erroneus,  Cordnlegaster 100 

fasciata,  Celithcmis 127 

Gomphus     98 

fesseana,   Libcllula    128 

lanrae,  Complins  98 

Libellula    128 

lydia.   Plathemis    129 

Macromia    100 

parvidens,  Gomphus  98 

Plathemis    129 

princeps,  Epicordulia  127 

Tachopteryx   97 

thoreyi,  Tachopteryx  97 


verna,  Celithcmis 126 

rillosipcs,  Gomphus 98 

ORTHOPTERA 

agraccioidcs,    Bcrtoniclla    246 

Bcrtoniella     245 

dagucrrci,  Gauranina    246 

Giiaranina    246 

Illinois,  Ant  cricket  in   139 

manni,    Myrmccophila     139 

Myrmccophila    139 

nebrasccnsis,    Myrmecophila. .   139 
orcgonensis,  Myrmccophila    . .   139 

pergandii,  Myrmccophila    139 

Xiphclimitm     245 

SMALLER  ORDERS 

Baetis   249 

Christina,    Isonychia     250 

Conorhinopsylla     137 

Corrodentia,  Rearing   259 

Epitcdia    138 

faceta,    Epitcdia    138 

gigas,    Hxstrichopsylla    138 

Hystrichopsylla    138 

irritans,  Pitlcx   136 

Isonychia     250 

Mating  flights  of  may-flies   . .  249 

posticatus,    Baetis    249 

Pulex    •  •   136 

Rearing  technique   for   Corro- 
dentia      259 

Siphonaptera     from     Pennsyl- 
vania     136 

stanfordi,  Conorhinopsylla  ....    137 

NON-HEXAPODA 

Amblyomma   285 

amcricannin,   Amblyomma    . . .  285 

Aporiaria     169 

Arkansas  centipeds  184 

bid  ens*,  Aphcloria    169 

brimlcii*,   Dcltotaria    165 

Clcptoria    167 

Deltotaria*    165 

dehirkiana*,  Aporiaria    169 


INDEX 


313 


entonus*,   Neolithobiiis    188       lonisianns*,   Gosibins    186 


Escaryus    185 

Fontaria     167 

Gosibius   186 

Gnainbins     187 

honia*,  Scutigera  10 

Imbrichti*,  Guambiits  187 

kentuckiana* ,  Fontaria   167 

Louisiana  centipeds 184 


Missouri   centipeds    184 


missouriensis*,   Escaryus 


185 


Nannaria    168 

Neolithobiiis    188 

scutellaria*,    Nannaria    168 

Scutigera     10 

splcndida* ,   Clcptoria    167 


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Seitz  "Macrolepidoptera,  Rhopalocera"   (8  VOLS,) 

English  text,  bound  in  good  Buckram  in  small  bookcase.  Also  numerous 
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Have  other  "Butterfly  Books".  Write: 

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insects  taken  on  Mt.  Desert  Island,  Maine,  have  been  used  wholly  or  in  part 
in  describing  a  species. 

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RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOR    SALE    BT 

THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900   RACE   STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

1099.— Blaisdell  (F.  E.,  Sr.)— Miscellaneous  studies  in  the  Cole- 
optera  No.  6.  Melyridae  and  Tenebrionidae.  (68: 
129-149,  1942)  40 

DIPTERA 

1095. — Bromley  (S.  W.). — Madagascar  robber  flies  with  descr. 

of  n.  sps.  Asilidae.  (68:  11-22,  figs.,  1942)  25 

1096. — Dalmat  (H.  T.). — New  gen.  and  sp.  of  Cuterebridae  from 
Costa  Rica  and  other  taxonomic  notes.  (68:  23-30,  pi., 
1942)  25 

M-10. — Huckett  (H.  C.) — Revision  of  the  No.  Amer.  sps. 
belonging  to  the  gen.  Pegomyia.  Muscidae.  (Mem.  10, 
131,  pp.,  1941) 3.00 

1098.— Cresson  (E.  T.,  Jr.)— Synopses  of  N.  Am.  Ephydridae. 
I.  The  subfam.  Psilopinae,  with  descr.  of  n.  sps.  (68: 
101-128,1942) 50 

HYMENOPTERA 

1033.— Ries  (D.  T.).— Revision  of  the  Nearctic  Cephidae.    (63: 

259-324,  3  pis.,  1937) 1.50 

LEPIDOPTERA 

1094. — Richards    (A.    G.). — Revision   of   the    sps.   of    Gabara   of 

eastern  U.  S.  Phalaenidae.  (68:  1-10,  pi.,  1942) 20 

NEUROPTERA 

1025. — Denning     (D.      G.).  —  Biology     of     some     Minnesota 

Trichoptera.   (63:  17-43,  pi.,  1937) 55 

ORTHOPTERA. 

1097. — Rehn  (J.  A.  G.). — The  locusts  of  the  S.  Am.  generic  group 
Tristirae.  Acrididae:  Cyrtacanthacridinae.  (68:  31-100, 

7  pis.,  1942)    1.50 

100. — Roberts  (H.  R.) — Two  subsps.  of  Melanoplus  differen- 
tialis  and  related  n.  sps.  from  Mexico,  with  discussion 
of  their  variations.  Acrididae:  Cyrtacanthacridinae.  (68: 
151-166,  2  pis.,  1942).  .35 


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