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THE 


HNTOMOLOGIST 


An Illustrated Journal 


OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 


WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. | W. © KIRBY, F.L.8., E-E.S. 

W. LUCAS DISTANT, F.E.S., &. | G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. 
EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. haan Sys td LUCAS, B.A., F.1.8. 

F. W. FROHAWE, F.E.S. Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &e. 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. | -G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. 


‘‘By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”’ 


VOLUME THE FOURTIETH. 


LONDON: 
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, 
STMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limrrep. 


. RIOT. 


a 


LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 


Apx1n, B. W., F.E.S., 238 

Anpxin, R., F.E.S., 88, 162, 164, 292 

ANDERSON, JOSEPH, 257 

ARKLE, J., 114 

Armorg, E.A., 12 

Baxer, H. J., 13 

Banxes, Eustace R., M.A., F.E.S., 33, 
36, 235, 236, 291 

Barraup, Pump J., F.E.S., 16, 36, 68, 
87, 298 

Barrett, J. P., 14 

Beuu, S. J., 21, 44, 93, 118, 191, 216, 
240, 300 

Brerensserec, H. von Frenser, 25 

Binenam, Lieut.-Col. C. T., F.Z.S., 
F.E.S., 87 

Bocusr, W. A., F.E.S., 237 

Brices, T. H., M.A., F.E.S., 278 

Brooks, G., 166 

Burr, Matcorm, B.A., F.Z.8S., F.E.S., 
&e., 248, 270 

Burt, LEsuie, 228 

CAMBRIDGE, Rey. O. Pickarp-, 188, 237 

CamEnron, P., 3, 49, 62, 79, 229, 269, 277, 
283, 284, 287 

Campton, F. W., 257 

Campion, F. W. & H., 214, 
289 

CHITTENDEN, D., 256 

CuAxton, Rey. W., 138 

CockERELL, T. D. A., 97, 135, 227, 
291 

Conry, G. B., 13 

Conquest, G. H., 296, 297 

Corsin, G. B., 213 

Cummins, Bruce F., 166 

Curtis, W. Parkinson, 12 

Daxtrn, Ross M., 12 

Dannatt, W., F.E.S., 256 

Daws, Wituiam, 88 

Day, Rey. A., 40 

Distant, W. L., F.E.S., 2, 60 

Drixry, Dr. F. A., F.E.S., 9 

Dosrir, Awpry, 189 

Drucer, Haminron H., F.E.S., 138 

Epwarps, F. W., 257 

Esson, L. G., 296 

Fraruer, W., 290 

FurtcuHer, T. Barnpricce, R.N., F.E.S., 
284 

Foster, A. H., 130, 153 

Founratne, Miss Margaret H., F.E.S., 
100 


255, 274, 


268, 


Frowawk, F. W., M.B.O.U., F.E.S., 26, 
LAD io, 198 

Fryer, H. F., F.E.S., 105 

Fryer, J. C., 105 

Gipss, A.H., F.L.S., 55 

Ginui1aT, Francis T., F.E.S., 212, 240 

Gorrr, Epwarp R., 212 

Goopwin, Epwarp, 257 

GREEN, Ernest H., F.E.S., 163 

GREEN, JosEpyH F., 211 

Gurney, Grrarp H., F.E.S., 194, 222 

Harrison, A., F.E.S., 235 

Harrison, J. W. H., 256 

Haywarp, A. C., 189 

Hveerns, H., 138 

Hueues, C. N., 290 

Jacoby, Martin, F.E.S., 148 

JORDAN, Dr. K., F.H.S., 121 

Kroner, A. R., 13 

KrrKaxpy, G. W., F.E.S., 37, 59, 61, 83, 
159, 184, 201, 225, 230, 282, 287 

Laneury, Husert, 190 

Lrieu, G. F., F.E.S., 103, 107, 187, 292 

Lows, Rev. F. E., F.E.S., 108 

Lucas, W. J., F.H.S., 30, 48, 51, 66, 95, 
11.0, 138, 163, 192, 212 

Mappison, T., F.E.S., 237 

Manners, Lieut.-Col. N., 
F.E.S., 39, 186, 236 

Manssriper, W., F.H.S., 9, 22, 46, 92, 
142, 302 

Marun\y, Paymaster-in-Chief Grrvasx 
F., R.N., F.H.S., 8 

MeErRIFIELD, F., F.E.S., &e., 95 

Miuman, P. P., 237 

Mortey, Cuaupez, F.E.S., 179, 217, 251 

Morris, J. B., 13 

OapEN, W. G., 68 

Outver, G. B., 189, 190 

OVENDEN, J., 189, 213 

PENNINGTON, F., 255 

Puium, H. V., 290 

Popr, J., 12 

Prout, Hours) 5B, EES, 1, 109; 169; 
206, 220, 290 

Quintin, W. H. St., F.H.S., &e., 73, 
147, 254 

Raupu, G., 65 

RanDELL, G., 110 

RasEy, F'. J., 40, 66 

Raynor, Rey. Giuper, H., 89 

Ricuarps, Percy, 27 

Roxirason, M. A., 413 


R.A.M.C., 


1V LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 


Roruscutnp, The Hon. N. Cuaruzs, 
M.A., F.E.S., &e., 189, 199 

RotHweE tt, 8., 34 

Rowranp-Brown, H., M.A., F.E.S., 18, 
42, 69, 109, 116, 140, 149, 166, 186, 
240, 241, 258, 260, 293 

Scouuick, A. J., F.H.S., 293 

SHARPE, Miss Iimtny Many, 155 

SHELDON, W. G., F.E.S., 75, 197 

SHELDON, W.S., 13 

SuHucurorr, A. M., 248, 270 

SHIEH, Jao Iola), Ie Oita 

Sicu, H. Lronanrp, 186 

SoutH, R., 11, 12, 23, 24, 39, 48, 64, 65, 
66, 70, 98, 108, 119, 120, 168, 186, 
USB) 192) 2125 235 207, 256, 26a, 
264, 259, 295, 


Sowerby, F. W., R.N., 190, 214, 293 

Speyer, EK. R., 15 

STEELMAN, SAIRGNAR, B., 89 

SwEETING, H. R., 22, 46, 92, 142, 262, 
302 

THURNALL, A., 237 

Tuttocu, Capt. B., F.E.S., 133, 294 

Turner, H. J., F.H.S., 20, 43, 69, 91, 
117, 141, 167, 191, 215, 261, 300 

WAINWRIGHT, Conpran J., F.E.S., 23, 
46, 70, 118, 142, 216, 240, 262, 303 

WepDELL, B., 12 

WuirtinecHaM, Rev. W. G., 128, 156 

Witutams, C. H., 110 

Wricut, Joun, 189 


PLATES. 
PAGE 
I.—Hypsa subretracta vars. to face 25 
II.—Ancillary Appendages of Acronycta tridens and A. psi * 97 
III.—Spines on Clasps of Ancillary Appendages of Acrony- 
ctids . ‘ ; 97 
IV.—Pulchriphyllium erurifolium 55 145 
V.—Ova of Rusticus zephyrus var. lycidas and Lycena 
alcon 3% 241 
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. 
Acidalia marginepunctata and A. subsericeata vars. j : : i 
Gynandrous Chrysophanus dispar var. yutilus . . ; . . 145 
Teeth processes in genitalia of Mupithecia succenturiata and FE. 
subfulvata 174 
Variety of Melitea athalia var. eos Haw. . : 3 : : gS 
Phalera bucephala, ab. 217 
Sympetrum sanguineum, ab. 275 


INDEX. 


GENERAL. 


Aberrations of Acidalia marginepunctata 
and A. subsericeata, 1, 38 

Acidalia strigilaria at Folkestone, 296 

Acronycta tridens and psi, 138 

A Day’s Collecting at the Basingstoke 
Canal, 213 

A Fortnight in Cumberland, 66 

Agathine (Braconide), Two new species 
from Borneo, 229 

Amphidasys betularia var. doubleday- 
aria, 89; in Northamptonshire, 189 

A Natural History of the British Butter- 
flies, 256 

A New Mosquito from India, 34 

Barrett’s ‘Lepidoptera of the British 
Islands,’ 87, 109, 163 

Bibliograpnical and Nomenclatorial 
Notes on the Rhynchota, 61 

Bibliographical Note on the Food-plants 
of Oriental Hemiptera, 282; on the 
food of Miride (Hemiptera), 287 

Blatta orientalis out of doors, 110 

Braconidous Cryptogastres, On the, 179 

British Braconide, Notes on, 251 

British Lepidoptera, The Mathew 
collection of, 9 

Butterflies observed during a short tour 
in Southern France in May, 1907, 149 

Butterflies of Digne, Notes on the, 194, 
222 

Captures of Lepidoptera in Cambridge- 
shire, &c., 257 

Chelidoptera (Platycleis) roeselii, &c., 
at Herne Bay, 255 

Cheerocampa celerio in North Cornwall, 
189; in Selkirkshire, 12 

Coleophora tricolor Wlsm., at Seaford, 
Sussex, 36 

Coleoptera near Barnstaple, 164 

Colias edusa, 257, 292 

Colias edusa in the Isle of Wight, 189 

Collecting Lepidoptera in the Lake 
District, 130, 153 < 

Collecting on the Lincolnshire Coast, 238 

Compsotata, n. nom., pro Charidea, 
Guen., Hampson, nec Dalman, 119 

Corsican Butterflies, A few notes on 
some, 100 

Current Criticism, 2, 58, 87 

Current Notes, 37, 83, 159, 201, 230 


} 


Cyaniris argiolus in N.W. London, 138 

Daphnis (Cheerocampa) nerii at Lancas- 
ter, 65 

Dasychira pudibunda 
Autumn, 13 

Deiopeia pulchella in Ireland, 12 

Denton’s Patent Butterfly Tablets, 289 

Description of a New Genus and Species 
of the Subfamily Clytrini (Phytoph- 
agous Coleoptera) from Australia, 145 

Description of a New Species of Tingi- 
dids from Honolulu, 60 

Description of a New Species of Crabron- 
idx from Borneo, 283 

Description of a New Species of Ichneu- 
mon from Vancouver Island, 277 

Description of a New Plume-Moth from 
Ceylon, 284 

Description of two New Species belonging 
to the Family Nymphalide, 155 

Dianthecia luteago var. ficklini, 190 

Diurni of the Department of Aisne 
(France), Some further notes on the, 
197 


emerging in 


| Dragonflies near Huntingdon, 257; of 


Epping Forest in 1907, 274 
Dragontly Seasons of 1905 and 1906, 36 
Electric lights in Durban, Natal, A re- 

cord evening at the, 103 
Emergence of Numeria pulveraria in 

July and August, 212 
Ennomos autumnaria at Ashford, Kent, 

256 
Errata, 88, 144 
Eupithecia, Notes on the Genus, 206, 

220 
Food-plant of Aciptilia (Buckleria) pa- 

ludum, Zell., Notes on the Discovery 

of, 187 


| Food-plants of Oporabia autumnata, 


289; of Pyrameis cardui, 292 

Fossil Honey-bee, A, 227 

Heliothis armigera in Cornwall: A 
Correction, 12 

Heliothis peltigera in Dorset, 
culiciformis and, 11 

Heliothis peltigera in South Devon, 237 

Hints on the Study of Leaf-hoppers, 225 

‘‘ Homing ”’ Instincts (?) of Hybernating 
Insects, 293 


Sesia 


vi INDEX. 
Hysripvs.—Malacosoma, 239; Noto- Notes on a Summer tour in Switzerland, 


donta, 10; Smerinthus, 10 

Hymenoptera collected by Mr. G. C. 
Dudgeon at Buxa, Bhotan, 3 

Hymenopterous family Agathidide, 
Notes on the, 217 

Hypsa baumanniana and H. conspicua 
varieties of H. subretracta?, Are, 25, 
107 

Increase in Numbers of Lepidoptera 
Rhopalocera in Mauritius, 133 

Increase of Butterflies in Mauritius: A 
Correction, 236 

Insect Fauna of Devonshire, 39; 
Lincolnshire, 108 

International Exchange and _ Infor- 
mation Bureau for Lepidoptera, 108 

Javanese Saccharicolous Thysanoptera, 
A Bibliographical Note on the, 184 

Laphygma exigua, 65; in Dorsetshire, 
12 


of 


Larva of Limenitis sibylla, 9 

Larve in 1907, 166 

Leaf Insects in Captivity, 163 

Lepidoptera and Coleoptera captured in 
1906, Notes on, 105 

Lepidoptera collected near Gibraltar in 
March, Short List of, 214 

Lepidoptera of East Sutherland, 40; 
on the Kentish Coast in 1907, 296 

Lestes dryas, Kirby, in Ireland, 66 

Leucania unipuncta in Devon, 237; in 
Hampshire, 13 

Leucania vitellina in 
West Cornwall, 40 

Life-history of Chrysophanus dispar var. 
rutilus, 145, 175 

Life-history of Thecla pruni, 26 

Lithosia caniola not in Hampshire, 40 

Lycena argiades, Pall.=amyntas, Hb., 
Notes on, 199, 236 

Macroglossa stellatarum on shipboard, 
290 

Male Lasiocampa quercus attracted (?) 
by Odonestis potatoria, 235 

Mathew collection of British 
doptera, The, 9 

Migrants, 13 

Moths at Light, 256 

Mould in Relaxing-Box, To prevent, 290 

Myelois ceratonie and its var. pryerella, 


Kent, 256; in 


Lepi- 


8 

Myelophila (Myelois) cribrum in Surrey, 
lay, ABI 

New Aberration of Asthena testaceata, 
Don. (sylvata, Hb.), 33 

New American Bees, 97, 135, 265 

New Microjoppa from Trinadad, 269 

Note on the Dispersal of Butterflies, 185 

Note on the Name of a Cicada, 291 

Notes and Observations, 8, 39, 64, 87, 
107, 138, 163, 185 

Notes from the North-west for 1906, 
110 


241 
Notes on Collecting during 1906, 128, 
130; on Herefordshire insects, 1906 
Notes on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera 
captured in 1906, 105 
Notes on Lepidoptera reared during 
1906, 15 
Notes on Lyciena argiades, 236 
Notes on Nyssia lapponica, 296 
Notes on the Diurni of Central and 
Southern France, and Corsica, 75 
Notes on the Genus Eupithecia, 169 
Notes on the Larva of Scotosia rham- 
nata, Schitf, 186 
Notes on the Nomenclature of some 
Hymenoptera, 49 
Nyctibora holosericea, 88 
OBITUARY : 
Charles J. Watkins, 168 
A. H. Shepherd, 304 
Observations on the Species of the 
Genus Callimenus, Fischer de Wald- 
heim (Orthoptera), 248, 270 
Odonata, Records for 1906, 14 
On some new Central American Vespid, 
62, 79 
On the Bornean Tiphiide, including a 
New Genus, 287 
On the Discovery of the food-plant of 
Aciptilia (Buckleria) paludum, Zell., 
187, 235, 293 
Ophiusa lanardi and its varieties, 291 
Oporabia (Larentia) autumnata, Note 
on, 255 
Orthoptera in 1905 and 1906, 51 
Ova of Araschnia levana, 254 
Oxyptilus piloselle in Hertfordshire, 87 
Papilio machaon in North Lincolnshire, 
190 
Phalena (Bombyx) lubricipeda, Linn., 
278 
Phalera bucephala ab. 217 
Pieris napi var. bryoniz, 1, 107 
Plusia moneta at Burton-on-Trent, 
189; in Cheshire, 13; in Northamp- 
tonshire, 66; in Nottinghamshire, 40; 
in the New Forest, 213 
Porthesia chrysorrhea, 164, 186, 211 
Prodenia littoralis, 88 
Pryalis lienigialis, 3; near Oxford, 291 
Rearing larve of Agrotis agathina, 254 
Rearing Papilio podalirius, 211, 240, 254 
Recent Lrrerarure :— 
Highteenth Annual Report of the 
Delegates of the University Museum 
(for 1905), 23 
Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera, 
by G. T. Porritt, 23 
The Annals of Scottish 
History, 47 
Museum Gazette and Journal of Field- 
Study, conducted by Jonathan 
Hutchinson, &e., 47 


Natural 


INDEX. 


The Science of Dry Fly Fishing, by 
I. G. Shaw, 47 

First Report of the Board of Com- 
missioners of Agriculture and Fores- 
try, of the Territory of Hawaii, 47 

The Bombay Locust, Acridium suc- 
cinctum (Linn.) (from Memoirs of 
the Department of Agriculture in 
India), by H. Maxwell-Lefroy, 47 

The Western Pine-destroying Bark 
Beetle (Dendroctonus brevicornis), 
by J. L. Webb, 47 

Notes on Exotic Forficulids or Ear- 
wigs, with descriptions of new 
Species, by J. A. S. Rehn, 47 

Notes on South American Grass- 
hoppers of the Sub-Family Acri- 
dine (Acrididie), with descriptions 
of New Genera and Species, by 
J. A. 8S. Rehn, 47 

The Locustide and Gryliide (Katy- 
dids and Crickets) collected by W. T. 
Foster in Paraguay, by A. N. Cau- 
dell, 47 

Butterflies of Hong-Kong and South- 
east China, by J. C. Kershaw, 48, 
119, 263 

A List of the Lepidoptera of Shepton 
Mallet and District, with remarks 
as to localities, &e., by W. A. Bogue, 
48, 119 

United States Department of Agri- 
culture (Bureau of Entomology) 
Bulletins, 59, 60, and 62, Technical 
Series, No. 12, Part 1, and No. 13, 
Farmer’s Bulletin, No. 264 

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalens 
in the British Museum, vol. vi., by 
Sir George F. Hampson, Bart., 70 

Transactions of the City of London 
Entomological and Natural History 
Society for the year 1906, 118 

Eleventh Annual Report of the State 
Entomologist of Minnesota for the 
year 1906, 119 

Transactions of the Hull Scientific 


and Field Naturalists’ Club for the | 


year 1906, 120 

Christ’s Hospital, West Horsham, 
Natural History Society: Fourth 
Annual Report for the year 1906, 
120 

Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomo- 
logical Society, 120 

A Natural History of the British 
Alucitides: a Text-book for Stu- 
dents and Collectors, by J. W. Tutt, 
142 

Proceedings of the South London 
Entomological and Natural History 
Society, 1906-1907, 168 

Additions to the Wild Fauna and 
Flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, 


Vil 


Kew, III.—Lepidoptera, 
Langley Simmons, 192 
The Insect Hunter’s Companion, 192 
Australian Insects, by Walter W. 
Froggatt, 262 
Diptera Danica, Genera and Species of 
Iles hitherto found in Denmark, by 
William Lundbeck, 264 
Les Premiers Etats des Lépidoptéres 
Francais Rhopalocera, par M. C. 
Frionnet, 264, 303 
Précis des Caractéres Génériques des 
Insectes disposés dans un Ordre 
Naturel, par le Citoyen Latreille, 264 
Pierre-André Latreille, 4 Brive, de 
1762 4 1798, par Louis de Nussac, 
264 
Manchester Microscopical Society, 
Annual Report and Transactions, 
1906, 264 
Report of the Entomological Depart- 
ment of the New Jersey Agricultural 
College Experimental Station, by 
John B. Smith, 264 
The Decticine of North America, by 
Andrew Nelson Caudell, 264 
Revision of the American Moths of the 
Genus Argyresthia, by August 
Busck, 264 
Some Mothsand Butterflies and their 
Eggs, 304 
The Story of Insect Life, by W. 
Percival Westell, 304 
Re-occurrence in Britain of Pyralis 
lienigialis, 235 
Retarded emergence of Demas coryli, 13 
Scarce Hawk-moths in Kew Gardens, 
212 
Scarcity of Larve in Season 1907, 138 
Scotch Lepidoptera in 1906, 55 
Sesia andreniformis, 189, 213; culici- 
formis, 11 
Sesia culiciformis and Heliothis peltigera 
in Dorset, 11 
Sirex gigas in Wiltshire, 237 
Some measurements of Sympetrum 
scoticum, 289 
SocIETIES :— 
Birmingham Entomological, 22, 46, 
69, 92, 118, 142, 216, 240, 261, 302 
City of London Entomological, 20, 
43, 92, 117, 191, 215, 240, 262, 300 
Entomological Society of London, 16, 
41, 68, 114, 139, 166, 258, 298 
Lancashire and Cheshire Entomolo- 
gical, 21, 44, 91, 141, 301 
South London Entomological, 18, 42, 
69, 90, 116, 140, 167, 190, 215, 239, 
260, 299 
Sphinx convolvuli in the Isle of Wight, 
189; in Durham, 237 
Spilosoma mendica in November, Occur- 
rence of, 13 


by A. 


vill 


Stauropus fagi in Warwickshire, 190 

Stenoptilia graphodactyla, a new British 
Plume, 8 

Sugaring and atmospheric conditions, 
14 


Teniocampa stabilis in November, 13 

Thecla pruni ab., 290 

The Entomological Club, 64, 188 

The Hawaiian Entomological Society, 
186 

The Insect Fauna of Yorkshire, 108 

The Lepidoptera of Gibraltar, 258, 293 

The Mazarine Blue (Nomiades semi- 
argus) in Wales, 39 

The Pairing of Cerastis ligula, 89 

The Raynor Collection of British Lepi- 
doptera, 294 

The Trophonius form of Papilio cenea, 
187 

Three New Bees from the Oriental 
Zoological Region, 284 

Tingididw from Honolulu, Description 
of a New Species, 60 

Tortrix pronubana, Hb., double brooded 
in Britain, 162; in Chiswick, 211 

Vanessa atalanta, 110; cardui, 138 


Variety of Brephos parthenias, 110; of | 


Melita athalia var. eos, Haw., 193 
VARIETIES :-— 

Abraxas grossulariata, 10, 240, 261; 
ulmata, 262 

Acidalia marginepunctata, 1 

Acronycta leporina, 44; rumicis, 44 

Aglais urtice, 260 

Agrotis ashworthii, 22; neglecta, 118 

Angerona prunaria (Gynand.), 15, 20 

Aplecta nebulosa, 44 

Arctia villica, 239; fuliginosa, 44 

Asthena testaceata, 33 

Boarmia abietaria and consortaria, 
44 

Brephos parthenias, 110 

Callimorpha dominula, 240 

Calocampa exoleta (larva), 215 

Chilo phragmitellus, 215 

Choerocampa porcellus, 240 

Chrysophanus phleeas, 21, 216 

Ccenonympha pamphilus, 43 


INDEX. 


Craniophora (Acronycta) ligustri, 105 
Cymatophora duplaris, 44 
Diphthera orion, 117 
Ematurga atomaria, 20 
Epinephele ianira, 43 
Epunda lichenea, 21 
Krannis leucophearia, 215 
Kuchloé cardamines, 20 
Habrosyne derasa, 261 
Hama abjecta, 10 
Hemerophilaabruptaria, 21 (G@ynand.), 
261 
Hestina nama, 260 
Hydreecia paludis, 10 
Leucania albipuncta, 10; 
10 
Lycena agestis, 44; beilargus, 259 
Lymantria monacha, 10, 44 
Macaria liturata, 46 
Malacosoma castrensis, 10 
Melanippe fluctuata, 191 
Melita athalia, var. eos, Haw., 193 
Nemoria viridata, 117 
Nyssia lapponaria, 215 
Odontopera bidentata, 44 
Oporina croceago, 43 
Ortholita cervinaria, 118 
Papilio cenea, 187; krishna, 
machaon, 190 
Phalera bucephala, 217 
Pieris brassicw, 42 
Satyrus tithonus, 262 
Semiothisa (Macaria) liturata, 216 
Spilosoma lubricipeda, 216; mendica, 
216 
Stauropus fagi, 44 ~ 
Synopsis abruptaria (Gynand.), 216 
Teniocampa incerta, 215, 216 
Tephrosia luridata, 216 
Vanessa urticr, 43 
Zygrena filipendule, 10 
Vespide, On some New Central Ameri- 
can, 62, 79 
Wye Valley notes, 297 
Xanthia ocellaris in Norfolk, 12 
Xylina furcifera, Capture of, 297 
Zephyrus quercus ab. bella, 212 
Zygenide, New African, 121 


favicolor, 


260; 


INSTRUCTIONS to BINDER.—The SPECIAL INDEX, given with 
the ‘Entomologist’ early in 1908, belongs to this Volume, and 
Should be placed next to this General Index. 


oP ii PAL 


INDEX. 


New Genera, Species, and Varieties are marked with an asterisk. 


COLEOPTERA. 


edilis (Acanthocinus), 298 
znea (Anomala), 165 
seneus (Paracymus), 298 
angusticollis (Anchomenus), 165 
arenaria (Augialia), 107 
arenarius (Bledius), 165 
arvensis (Cicendela), 165 
asparagi (Crioceris), 232 
astragali (Apion), 22 
ater (Ocypus), 165 
atroapterus (Otiorrhynchus), 166 
aurata (Celonia), 165 
*australis (Leasia), 148 
australis (Leasia), 167 
banksii (Chrysomela), 166 
betuleti (Byctiscus), 191 
bipunctatus (Cryptocephalus), 298 
bipustulatus (Badister), 165 
bipustulata (Tritoma), 165 
blattariz (Cionus), 166 
brevicornis (Dendroctomus), 47, 160 
cadaverina (Phaleria), 166 
cresareus (Staphylinus), 165 
calmariensis (Galeruca), 166 
campestris (Cicendela), 165 
caprea (Adimonia), 166 
caraboides (Melandrya), 166 
Carpophilus, 204 
castaneus (Medon), 142 
cephalotes (Broscus), 165 
ceramboides (Cistela), 106, 107 
cervus (Lucanus), 299 
chlorocephala (Lebia), 22 
cingulatus (Megacronus), 165 
circumfusus (Calomicus), 166 
clavipes (Donacia), 261 
clypealis (Hydrovatus), 140 
complanata (Nebria), 165 
confluens (Apion), 299 
coryli (Apoderus), 166, 191 
coryli (Strophosomus), 166 
crassipes (Donacia), 261 
Crioceris, 205 
curtisi (Hcemonia), 261 
cylindricum (Sinodendron), 165 
decorus (Philonthus), 106 
dentatus (Cis), 299 
depressa (Omosita), 107 
duplicata (Magdalis), 258 
elongata (Nemosoma), 107 
elongata (Tillus), 106, 107 
emarginatus (Atemeles), 165 
Entom. Vou. xu. 1907. 


| emarginatus (Collyris), 115 
fairmairii (Oxytelus), 142 
fasciata (Mordella), 107 
fasciatus (Brachytarsus), 107 
fascicularis (Areocerus), 37, 84 
femorata (Rhipidocera), 239 
femoratus (Heleus), 239 
ferrugineus (Leistus), 165 
formicarius (Thanasimus), 190 
fuliginosus (Anchomenus), 165 
fulvibarbis (Leistus), 165 
fumata (Typheea), 166 
fungorum (Tetratoma), 107 
fuscus (Colymbetes), 165 
gibbus (Heliopathes), 166 
globosus (Dyschirius), 165 
geettingensis (Chrysomela), 166 
grandis (Anthonomus), 161 
grolandicus (Colymbetes), 140 
hirtella (Epicometis), 140 
hololeucus (Niptus), 166 
hookeri (Apion), 299 

hyperici (Chrysomela), 166 
impunctipennis (Dyschirius), 165 
inquisitor (Rhagium), 166 
lacordairei (Triplax), 190 
levigata (Heterocercus), 165 
lateralis (Cillenus), 165 
*Leasia, 148 

linearis (Atomaria), 165 
linearis (Dromius), 165 

lineola (Cryptocephalus), 165 
lineola (Galeruca), 166 

litura (Phytodecta), 166 

livens (Anchomenus), 106 
longicornis (Quedius), 141 
marginalis (Dytiscus), 165 
marginatus (Anchomenus), 165 
marginatus (Philonthus), 165 
maxillosus (Creophilus), 165 
Megalostoma, 148 
melanocephalus (Calathus), 165 
metatarsalis (Oxypoda), 142 
miniatum (Apion), 166 

mollis (Opilo), 107 

mortuorum (Necrophorus), 299 
muralis (Sitaris), 22, 258 
murino (Cistela), 166 
nebulosus (Agabus), 165 
niger (Tychus), 165 
nigra penis (agiSey 


xX 


nigriventris (Dromius), 165 
noctiluca (Lampyrus), 166 
noctilucus (Pyrophorus), 140 
obsoletus (Dichirotrichus), 165 
obtusum (Bembidium), 165 
octomaculata (Pachyta), 166 
olivacea (Phytodecta), 166 
opticus (Stenus), 106 

Osphya, 116 

pallidipenne (Bembidium), 165 
pallidus (Helops), 166 
paradoxa (Homalota), 142 
parallela (Anthaxia), 140 
parallelopedus (Dorcus), 165 
philanthus (Hoplia), 165 
piceum (Olophrum), 165 
propinqua (Medon), 142 
pubescens (Dichirotrichus), 165 
puellus (Anchomenus), 92 
quadripunctulatus (P.), 22 
quercus (Trypodendron), 140 
rubens (Pyrochroa), 165 
rufescens (Bembidium), 165 
rufipennis (Lathrobium), 299 
rufipes (Melanotus), 166 
ruficollis (Silis), 107 

rugicollis (Apriona), 204 
rugulosus (Ceuthorrhynchus), 299 
riparius (Quedius), 140 
robiniz (Cyllene), 160 
rostratus (Cychrus), 165 
rotundatus (Olisthopus), 92 
russica (Triplax), 106 
sabulosum (Opatrum), 166 
sabulosus (‘Trox), 107 
sanguineum (Apion), 22 
schénherri (Barynotus), 22 


Agromyza, 231 

albimanus (Platychirus), 302 
albostriatus (Syrphus), 67 
ampelophila (Drosophila), 38 
angulata (Odontomyia), 17 
anthropophaga (Cordylobia), 167 
arbustorum (Eristalis), 67 
bifasciatus (Syrphus), 90 
bimacula (Trichocera), 205 
bombylans (Volucella), 67, 90 
Chrysops, 161 

depressa (Bengalia), 167 
destructor (Mayetiola), 201 
domestica (Musca), 140 
funebris (Drosophila), 115 
Glossina, 92 

horticola (Eristalis), 90 
illustrata (Chilosia), 67 
intermedia (Neocellia), 34 
livida (Empis), 90 


INDEX. 


sculpturatus (Oxytelus), 142 
semivittatum (Apion), 258, 259 
serra (Tiresias), 107 

serricornis (Prionocyphon), 17 
sexpunctatus (Cryptocephalus), 191 
Silpha, 203, 205 

spadicea (Aleochara), 141 
spectabilis (Oxypoda), 142 
spinibarbis (Leistus), 165 
spiniger (Hemicopus), 17 
splendens (Carabus), 231 
splendidula (Cassida), 166 
stictica (Oxytherea), 140 

striatus (Helops), 166 
subdepressus (Cryptophagus), 259 
succiola (Aleochara), 141 

| sulcatus (Otiorrhynchus), 140 
sulcicollis (Ceuthorrhynchus), 184 
sulcirostris (Cleonus), 166 

| sulphurea (Cistela), 166 

terricola (Pristonychus), 165 
thoracia (Silpha), 165 

thoreyi (Anchomenus), 165 
tigrina (Hypera), 259 
Trachyscelis, 116 

typheus (Geotrupes), 165 
variabilis (Coccinella), 165 
variolosus (Oxylemus), 140 
verbasci (Haltica), 166 

vesicatoria (Lytta), 44 

vestitus (Chlenius), 165 

vexans (Quedius), 141 

viduatus (Ceuthorrhynchus), 107, 299 
villosus (Orechtochilus), 165 
vulgaris (Phyllopertha), 165 
waltoni (Caznopsis), 166 
xanthomelcene (Tetrastichus), 38 


DIPTERA. 


| macellaria (Compsomyia), 161 
major (Bombylius), 90 
Microdon, 140 

mutabilis (Microdon), 167 
nobilitata (Thereva), 67 

parva (Tipula), 204 

pertinax (Eristalis), 90 
pipiens (Culex), 160 
peeciloptera (Platyparea), 231 
quadrinotatus (Tabanus), 206 
ribesii (Syrphus), 67, 90 
Sarcophaga, 205 

scripta (Tepula), 67 

segnis (Xylota), 67 

serrata (Homalobia), 86, 161 
stabulans (Cyrtoneura), 90 
Stomoxys, 92, 141 

Tabanus, 161 

talpe (Hystricopsylla), 140, 142 
westermanni (Icterica), 17 


INDEX. X1 


HEMIPTERA. 
eneus (Erycorus), 239 | lewisi (Ainaria), 203 
ancilla (Carineta), 291 linnei (Ketrichodia), 85 
ancilla (Herrera), 291 mactata (Tomaspis), 233 


Angerianus, 3, 60 


maculatus (Corixus), 239 
angulata (Cicada), 2 


marginella (Cicada). 291 


annulata (Cicadetta), 58 marginella (Herrera), 291 
annulatus (Tibicen), 2 | Metacanthus, 59 

Aphena, 61 Metampsalta, 2 

Aphanus, 61 minor (Elasmostethus), 232, 233 
atropunctata (Hupteryx), 225 minutissima (Plea), 142 
aureola (Dikraneura), 225 Nabis, 59 

Barma, 3 Notonecta, 85 

bifasciata (Teleonemia), 60 Oliarus, 226 

Borysthenes, 3 Opinus, 61 

calcaratus (Alydus), 85 papillosa (Tessaratoma), 115 
calearatus (Coriscus), 85 patelliformis (Diaspis), 204 
Cixius, 226 Penthicodes, 61 


coleoptrata (Issus), 226 
dentatum (Acanthosoma), 233 


Penthicus, 61 
perniciosus (Aspidiotus), 205 


equestris (Lygcus), 259 phalenoides (Peciloptera), 43 
erratica (Cicada), 161 Polydictya, 59 

ferruginea (Tetigonia), 204 | pulchella (Aphana), 59 
finitus (Cixius), 3 | quadridentata (Ranatra), 86 
fodiens (Schizoneura), 161 Ranatra, 85 

formicetorum (Piezostethus), 258 rhomboidea (Vertusia), 190 


formosa (Carinata), 37 


sanguinea (Tomaspis), 225 
fulminia (Belostoma), 86 


sanguinolenta (Tomaspis), 233 


furcata (Mesovelia), 298 sanguinolenta (Triecphora), 232 
gothicus (Lopus), 239 Seminthocoris, 61 

griseus (Acanthosoma), 233 Serinetha, 58 

guitigera (Tetigonia), 204 Tapeinus, 61 

hageni (Cicadetta), 2 undata (Platymetopius), 226 
impressopunctata (Tetigometra), 226 variegata (Aphzna), 59 
interstinctum (Acanthosoma), 233 viridis (Tetigonia), 225 
interstinctus (Elasmostethus), 233 viridulus (Nabis), 59 

Kirbya, 61 | vulnerata (Tomaspis), 233 


*lantane (Teleonemia), 60 
Leptocorus, 58 


vulnerata (Triecphora), 225 


HYMENOPTERA. 
abdominalis (Macrocentus), 252, 253 aurifuscus (Chrysopheon), 267 
accepta (Nomada), 268 autumnalis (Kpeolus), 137 
Agathis, 218 *banksi (Nomada), 98 
alticola (Megachile), 286 *banksi (Triepeolus), 135 
angelica (Agathis), 218 *barberiellus (Epeolus), 266 
annularis (Acrogaster), 182 bardus (Halictus), 266 
Anthophora, 228 Bassus, 239 
Apanteles, 219 *bhotanensis (Iphiaulax), 4 
Apis, 228, 229 bifasciata (Mutilla), 50 
arcens (Dorylus), 68 blanditum *predentatum (Anthidium) 
argentata (Mutilla), 50 99 
argentata (Stenomutilla), 50 Bombus, 228 
armatella (Nomada), 268 *borneana (Tiphia), 288, 289 
armatus (Acrogaster), 183 borneoensis (Huagathis), 230 
Ascogaster, 180, 182 brevicaudis (Microdus), 218 
astragali (Bombus), 97 brevisetis (Agathis), 218 
atrocincta (Anthophora), 49 calculator (Microdus), 281 
aucta (Mutilla), 50 cameronella (Mutilla), 50 
aurifusca (Dioxys), 267 Camponotus, 260 


Xil 


canifrons (Acrogaster), 183 
capitosus (Chelonus), 181 
carbonum (Osmia), 228, 229 
*carnicollis (Zethus), 80 
caudatus (Sigalphus), 184 
*ceanothi (Nomada), 97 
Ceratocolus, 51 

Chelonus, 180 

chicotencati (Zethus), 63 
chlorophthalmus (Zele), 253 
Chrysis, 234 

*claripennis (Zethus), 63 
clausthalianus (Microdus), 218, 219 
*cingulata (Cratojoppa), 6 
cingulatus (Strongylogaster), 69 
cingulipes (Microdus), 218 
collearis (Macrocentrus), 252, 253 
*confluenta (Megachile), 286 
confusa (Melissodes), 268 
confusa (Mutilla), 50 
cornuta (Megachile), 50 
corvulus (Chelonus), 181 
crucis (Kpeolus), 266 

crucis (Nomada), 265 
*Cyanotiphia, 287 
cymbalarize (Nomada), 268 
dedjax (Salinus), 260 
dentata (Phanerotoma), 179 
*dentipes (Microjoppa), 269 
Didymogastra, 62, 63 
Dinetus, 51 

discolor (Zele), 253 

dispar (Chelonus), 182 
dives schenckii (Crabro), 51 
donatus (Triepeolus), 135 
dormitans (Aphis), 228 
druryi (Compsomeris), 50 
ducis (Andrena), 50 
*dudgeonii (Acanthojoppa), 7 
*dudgeonii (Allantus), 3 
Earinus, 218, 219 
Kehthrus, 6 

edwardsii (Bombus), 97 
effossa (Anthophora), 228 
electa (Nomada), 98 
electella (Nomada), 98 
erythrogaster (Zethus), 79 
Eucera, 50 

Eumenes, 83 

excavatus (Crabro), 51 
fasciata (Andrena), 50 
fasciata (Mutilla), 50 
fervida (Nomia), 285 

flava (Formica), 141 
flavipennis (Tiphia), 289 
florea (Apis), 228 

floricola (Sigalphus), 184 
florilega (Nomada), 97 
florissantella (Perdita), 267 
*fortistriolatus (Zethus), 82 
*fremontii (Melissodes), 268 
fuliginosus (Lasius), 167 
*fulvo-hirtus (Zethus), 63 
fumipennis (Tiphia), 289 


INDEX. 


| fusca (Formica), 140, 167 


galenus (Ichneumon), 277 
*garciana (Nomada), 265 
gaudryi (Anthophorites), 228 
geniculata (Microjoppa), 269 
gigas (Sirex), 239 
gloriatorius (Harinus), 219 
Gonatopus, 167 

Gorytes, 234 

gracilis (Nomada), 98 
euttata (Sphex), 51 
*henshawi (Apis), 229 
henshawi (Synapis), 229 
illinoensis (Nomada), 97 
illinoensis (Panurginus), 138 
illinoiensis (Nomada), 268 
inanitus (Chelonus), 181 
*infantula (Nomada), 98 
infirmus (Macrocentrus), 252, 253 
instabilis (Acrogaster), 182 
irrorata (Spheeropteryx), 179 
letus (Sceliphron), 240 
levinodus (Z.), 82 
*Jamellicollis (Zethus), 62 
laminatorius (Protichneumon), 240 
latrunculus (Chelonus), 182 
lectoides (Epeolus), 136 
lectus (Epeolus), 136 

*lepidii (Perdita), 266 
lepidus (Alloderus), 183 


| leporina (Cilissa), 67 


*leptopterus (Huagathis), 229 
leptopterus (Iphiaulax), 230 
linguarius (Microdus), 218, 219 
lippie *sublippie (Nomada), 265 
longitarsis (Paniscus), 8 
luteipes (Sigalphus), 184 
Macrocentrus, 251 

Macrocera, 50 

maculata (Cratojoppa), 7 
maculata (Vespa), 50 
malvacearum (Agathis), 218 
manicatum (Anthidium), 260 
marginator (Macrocentrus), 252 
*martii (Dioxys), 267 
*mathewi (Ichneumon), 277 
mediator (Microdus), 218 
meliloti (Halictus), 266 
meliloti (Spinolicella), 266 
Melipona, 228, 229 

mellifera (Apis), 228, 229 
mellona (Anthophorites), 229 
mendozana (Megachile), 50 
mesillensis (Halictus), 266 
Metazethoides, 62 

Microdus, 218 

micropterus (Orgilus), 219 
modesta (Nomada), 265 

meera (Megachile), 286 
montana (Habropoda), 49 
montivagum (Anthidium), 99 
mussitans (Apis), 49 
mussitans (Hulema), 49 
mussitans nigrifacies (Hulema), 49 


INDEX. 


myrmecophila (Kleditoma), 167 
mysops (Melissodes), 269 
Nematus, 204 

neomexicana (Nomada), 265 
nigra (Agathis), 218 

nigra (Mutilla), 50 

nigricans (Dorylus), 68 
*nitidinodus (Zethus), 81 
nitidulus (Harinus), 219 

nugax (Microdus), 218, 219 
*nursei (Nomia), 284 

*nursei (Colletes), 285 
obscurata (Perdita), 267 
obscurator (Orgilus), 219, 220 
obscurellus (Sigalphus), 184 
Orgilus, 218 

Osmia, 228, 234 

Paratiphia, 288 

parva (Nomada), 99 

parvum (Dianthidium), 100 
pauper (Panurginus), 137, 138 
pectoraloides (Halictus), 266 
_pheres (Iphiaulax), 230 

phryne (Tetralonia), 50 

pictus (Crabro), 51 

pictus (Dinetus), 51 

pilipes (Anthophora), 22, 90, 258 
placida (Nomada), 98 
Plesiozethus, 62 

Pompilus, 234 

poster (Anthidium), 99 
potentille (Xestophanes), 46, 118 
pretiosa (Cheetostricha), 215 
pretiosa (Trichogramma), 201, 205 
producta (Dioxys), 267 
pudicum (Dianthidium), 99 
*punctinodus (Zethus), 79 
pusillus (Epeolus), 137 
quadridentatus (Acrogaster), 183 
quadrimaculata (Scolia), 50 
radoszkowskii (Andrena), 50 
radoszkowskii (Podalirius), 49 
ribesii (Nematus), 205 

ribesii (Pleronus), 205 

robusta (Cratojoppa), 7 
rondanii (Mutilla), 50 

rufa (Formica), 165, 258 
*ruficauda (Cyanotipha), 288 
rufidens (Acrogaster), 183 
rufipalpis (Agathis), 218 


Xiil 


rufipes (Acrogaster), 182 
rufipes (Crabro), 51 

rufipes (Microdon), 218, 219 
rufipes (Pezomachus), 219 
rufipes (Solenius), 51 
rufiventris (Dioxys), 267 
rufocinetus (Bombus), 97 
rufo-ornatus (Buodias), 8 
rugulosus (Microdus), 218 
rupestris (Psithyrus), 90 
sahare (Mutilla), 50 
sanguinea (Formica), 258 
*satapensis (Cremnops), 230 
sayi (Nomada), 97 

secutor (Chelonus), 182 
*semilectus (Epeolus), 136 
sericea (Abia), 90 

Sigalphus, 183 

snowi (Nomada), 265 
Solenius, 51 

speculator (Chelonus), 181 
*spilaspis (Dasyproctus), 283 
stigma (Tiphia), 289 
strigosus (Z.), 83 
*subaccepta (Nomada), 267 
sulcatus (Chelonus), 182 
surinamensis (Hulema), 49 
sylvarum (Bombus), 90 
Tachysphex, 234 

testaceator (Zele), 253 
texana (Nomada), 265 
thoracicus (Macrocentrus), 252 
tortifoliz (Perdita), 267 
transcaspica (Andrena), 50 
tuberculata (Cerceris), 51 
*tuberculatus (Hydrocryptus), 5 
tubulifer (Zethus), 63 
tumidulus (Microdus), 218, 219 
variipes (Acrogaster), 183 
*veronie (Hpeolus), 136 
vicinalis (Nomada), 268 
*virginicus (Panurginus), 137 
*virginiensis (Hpeolus), 137 
wallacei (Mutilla), 50 
wyomingensis (Triepeolus), 136 
Zele, 251 

Zethoides, 62 

Zethusculus, 82 

zonator (Harinus), 219 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


abietaria (Boarmia), 16, 22, 44, 116,191 

abietaria (Hupithecia), 170 

abietaria (Phalena), 170 

abjecta (Hama), 10, 

abjecta (Mamestra), 10, 19 

abruptaria (Hemerophila), 20, 21, 44, 45, 
261, 301 

abruptaria (Synopsis), 216 

absinthiata (Kupithecia), 171 


accaciaria (Boarmia), 104 
accentifera (Nephele), 104 
aceris (Neptis), 303 
achatinella (Nyctegretes), 296 
achine (Pararge), 76, 198, 242 
achine (Teracolus), 114 
acta (Satyrus), 78 

adequata (Larentia), 302 
sthiops (Erebia), 112 


X1V 


adippe (Argynnis), 76, 77, 112, 186, 196, 
215, 224, 225, 247 

adrasta (Pararge), 116 

adusta (Humichtis), 71, 72 

adusta (Hadena), 19, 41, 57, 153 

advenaria (Epione), 16, 298 

egidion (Z.), 247 

zgon (Lyceena), 17, 20, 21, 44, 102, 111, 
114, 157, 239 

gon (Plebius), 261 

esculi (Thecla), 196, 225 

escularia (Anisopteryx), 110 

ethiops (Miana), 105, 111 

affinis (Cosmia), 93 

*aftinis (Neurosymploca), 123 

affinitata (Emmelesia), 41, 156 

aganippe (Delias), 239 

agathina (Agrotis), 45, 254 

agathina (Mylothris), 259, 298 

agestis (Aricia), 20, 300 

agestis (Lycena), 20, 44, 302 

aglaia (Argynnis), 40, 67, 112, 118, 156, 
189, 247 

albicilata (Melanthia), 191 

albicosta (Coleophora), 240 

albifasciaria (Zamarca), 204 

albipuncta (Leucania), 10 

albipunctata (Eupithecia), 128, 221 

albomarginata (Abraxas), 295 

albulata (Emmelesia), 57, 68, 129 

alceella (Chrosis), 157 

alchemillata (Emmelesia), 156 

alchymista (Catephia), 20 

alciphron (Chrysophanus), 197, 259 

aleon (Lycena), 76, 244, 247 

alecto (Erebia), 259 

alexanor (Papilio), 78, 152, 224, 225 

alexis (Lycena), 40, 44, 114, 240, 300 

algira (Ophiusa), 104 

Allotinus, 69 

alni (Acronycta), 19 

alniaria (Ennomos), 301 

alpina (Agrotis), 10 

alpina (Aricia), 200 

alpina (Lycena), 44 

alpina (Pachnobia), 57 

alpinalis (Scopula), 57 

alpinata (Psodos), 116 

alsines (Caradrina), 67, 111, 238 

alsus (Lycena), 90 

alternana (Conchylis), 91 

alternaria (Eupithecia), 172 

althaes (Charcharodus), 150, 143 

alveola (Cryptolechia), 239 

alveus (Hesperia), 152, 153, 198, 246 

amaryllis (Heliconius), 90 

Amathes, 70 

ambigua (Caradrina), 192 

ambigualis (Scoparia), 68 

*ameena (Arniocera), 126 

amyntas (Lycena), 199, 200 

anargyra (Argynnis), 103 

anceps (Mamestra), 191 

andreniformis (AJgeria). 17, 18 


INDEX. 


andreniformis (Sesia), 17, 189, 213, 259 

andromede (H.), 244 

anglicata (Hupithecia), 173 

angulum (Plusia), 104 

angustana (Hupeecilia), 157 

angustiorana (Capua), 211 

anomala (Stilbia), 57, 154, 158 

antiopa (Kuvanessa), 153, 162 

antiopa (Vanessa), 214 

Antitype, 70 

apiformis (Trochilium), 19 

apollo (Parnassius), 196, 224, 242, 245 
248 

aprilina (Agriopis), 72, 89 

aprilina (Diphthera), 72 

arcania (Coenonympha), 197, 198, 245 

arcas (Lycena), 242 

arcuata (Maurilia), 104 

arcuosa (Miana), 156 

areola (Xylocampa), 71 

arethusa (Hipparchia), 76, 78 

arethusa (Satyrus), 214, 258 

argentea (Argyrogalea), 70 

argentella (Elachista), 90 

argentifera (Nephele), 292 

argentula (Banksia), 105, 260 

argentula (Hrastria), 261 

argia (Leuceronia), 149 

argiades (Hvias), 151, 153 

argiades (Everes), 195, 225 

argiades (Lyceena), 199, 236 

argillacea (Leucania), 93 

argiolus (Celastrina), 261 

argiolus (Cyaniris), 138, 153, 225 

argiolus (Lycena), 111 

argus (Lyceena), 17, 239 

argus (Plebius), 261 

argus (Rusticus), 224 

argyrognomon (Rusticus), 78, 196, 243, 
246 


arion (Lycena), 46, 68, 76, 118, 120, 156, 
196, 223, 224, 244, 262, 303 

aristeus (Hipparchia), 77 

aristwus (Satyrus), 103 

armigera (Heliothis), 12, 19, 263 

artaxerxes (Lycwna), 161 

artemis (Melita), 300 

artemisiz (Argyrites), 71 

artemisiz (Cucullia), 71 

arundinis (Macrogaster), 106 

arundinis (Nonagria), 301 

ashworthii (Agrotis), 21, 22, 90, 299, 301 

asiliformis (Sesia), 252 

assimilata (Hupithecia), 20, 171 

assimilis (Crymodes), 57 ; 

assimilis (Saliunca), 122, 123 

associata (Cidaria), 68 

astasioides (Apatura), 243 

asterias (Papilio), 17 

asteris (Cucullia), 112, 113, 157, 260 

asteris (Huderea), 71 

astrarche (Lycena), 46, 90, 112, 161 

astreas (Rhodogastria), 104 

atalanta (Pyrameis), 189 


INDEX. 


atalanta (Vanessa), 89, 110, 129, 140, 
154, 162 

athalia (Melitea), 42, 193, 198, 224, 
225 

atomaria (Ematurga), 20, 40, 117 

atomaria (Fidonia), 153, 258 

atra (Oreopsyche), 214 

atraria (Hupithecia), 209 

atrata (Odezia), 114 

atrata (Tanagra), 68, 155 

atrilineata (Hemerophila), 204 

atriplago (Thermesia), 104 

atropos (Acherontia), 14, 134 

augur (Noctua), 89 

aurago (Cosmia), 72 

aurago (Ochria), 72 

aurana (Trycheris), 68 

aurantiaria (Hybernia), 129 

aureatella (Micropteryx), 128 

auricoma (Acronycta), 191 

aurifera (Plusia), 92 

auriflua (Porthesia), 204 

aurinia (Melitewa), 151, 153, 196, 198, 
215, 247 

auroraria (Hyria), 239 

ausonia (Anthocharis), 196 

australis (Aporophyla), 20, 21, 71 

autanossa (Zizera), 236 

autumnaria (Hnnomos), 239, 256, 299, 
300 

autumnaria (Hugonia), 260 

autumnata (Larentia), 255 

autumnata (Oporabia), 191, 289 

avellanella (Semioscopus), 55 

aversata (Acidalia), 129, 261 

badiata (Anticlea), 260 

baja (Noctua), 41, 67 

bajularia (Huchloris), 261 

baliensis (Ixias), 18 

ballus (Thestor), 214 

bandanz (EKupithecia), 171 

barrettii (Diantheecia), 10 

*basalis (Netrocera), 126 

basilinea (Apamea), 43, 67 

batis (Thyatira), 44 

baton (Lycena), 214 

baton (Polyommatus), 151, 152, 196 

battus (Lycena), 214 

baumanniana (Hypsa), 25, 107 

bejarensis (Lycna), 17 

belemia (Anthocharis), 91 

belemia (Euchloé), 303 

belia (Anthocharis), 

196 : 

bella (Zephyrus), 212 

bellargus (Agriades), 191, 215 

bellargus (Lycena), 44, 189, 224, 225, 
259, 262, 301 

bellargus (Polyommatus), 78, 151, 153, 
196, 223, 300 

bellidice (Pieris), 91 

bellidice (Pontia), 150, 151, 152 

bellizina (Anthocharis), 91, 101, 151 
153, 196 


150, 151, 152, 


XV 


| bennetii (Adactylus), 143 


berisalensis (Melitwa), 195 

betule (Ruralis), 256 

betule (Thecla), 78, 105 

betula (Zephyrus), 256 

betularia (Amphidasys), 23, 89, 105, 189, 
191 


betularia (Pachys), 93 

bicuspis (Cerura), 10 

bicuspis (Dicranura), 40, 91, 117, 215, 
239 

bicolorana (Miana), 238 

bicoloria (Leucodonta), 295 

bidentata (Odontopera), 24, 44, 142, 
301 

bifasciana (Sericoris), 183 


| bifida (Dicranura), 111, 239 


bilineata (Camptogramma), 41, 68, 93, 
141, 155 

bilinea (Grammesia), 105 

bimaculosa (Meganophria), 72 

binaria (Drepana), 89 

Binsitta, 117 

bipunctidactyla (Adkinia), 144 

bipunctidactylus (Mimeseoptilus), 156 

biselliella (Tineola), 261 


| bistriga (Crytoblabes), 106 


biundularia (Tephrosia), 19, 110 

blanda (Caradrina), 111 

blandiata (Larentia), 302 

blandiata (Emmelesia), 57 

blandina (Erebia), 112, 113, 117, 154, 
157 

Blepharidia, 71 

blomeri (Asthena), 21 

beetica (Lycena), 134 

boisduvali (Crenis), 104 

bolina (H.), 186 

Bombycia, 71 

borealis (Arctia), 44 

botonga (Rhodochlena), 70 

brachydactylus (Pterophorus), 20 

bractea (Plusia), 11, 41, 57, 116, 295 

brassice (Mamestra), 155, 238 

brassice (Pieris), 19, 40, 42, 43, 150, 
152, 154, 189, 214 

braziliensis (Megalea), 70 

brevilinea (Nonagria), 106 

Brinsitta, 69 

briseis (Hipparchia), 76 

briseis (Satyrus), 214, 258 

brumata (Cheimatobia), 300 

brunnea (Noctua), 57, 301 


| Bryomima, 70 


bryonie (Pieris), 68, 107, 246, 259 
Bryophila, 302 

bucephala (Pygera), 217, 257, 260 
buoliana ({etinia), 157 

c-album (Grapta), 198 

c-album (Polygonia), 117, 140, 142 
c-album (Vanessa), 297 

cerulea (Lycena), 301 

ceruleata (Eupithecia), 171 

cesia (Diantheecia), 19 


XV1 


cesiata (Larentia), 40, 43, 57, 67, 68, 
153, 154, 158 

cesiella (Swammerdammia), 300 

cespitis (Luperina), 158 

caffra (Neurosymploca), 123 

cagnagellus (Hyponomeuta), 299 

caia (Arctia), 92, 117, 118, 139, 166, 214, 
239, 295, 301 

caja (Chelonia), 253 

calisto (Apina), 239 

Callibaptes, 126 

callidice (Pontia), 244 

Callidryas, 134 

callune (Bombyx), 132, 300 

callune (Kupithecia), 171 

callune (Lasiocampa), 132 

calypso (Belenois), 17 

cambricaria (Venusia), 153 

camelina (Notodonta), 141 

camilla (Limenitis), 196 


campanulata (Kupithecia), 171,208, 210 | 


cana (Catoptria), 68 

candelarum (Agrotis), 22 

canina (Kctochela), 70 

caniola (Lithosia), 40, 43, 215, 260 

canne (Nonagria), 44,98, 259, 300 

capax (Xylotype), 70 

capensis (Cherocampa), 104 

capensis (Duomitus), 104 

capsincola (Diantheecia), 41, 67 

capucina (Miselia), 89 

carbonaria (Fidonia), 57 

cardamines (Anthocharis), 91 

cardamines (Euchloé), 16, 20, 42, 90, 
150, 151, 156, 189, 224, 244, 261 

cardui (Cynthia), 46 

cardui (Pyrameis), 13, 40, 134, 153, 189, 
214, 292 

cardui (Vanessa), 129, 138, 162 

carphodactylus (Leioptilus), 91, 117, 167 

carpinata (Hnnomos), 215 

carpinata (Lobophora), 56 

carpini (Saturnia), 191, 239 

carpophaga (Diantheecia), 91 

cassiope (Erebia), 154, 244 

casta (Arctia), 225 

casta (Mesoleuca), 117 

castanea (Noctua), 142, 301 

castanea (Phragmatccia), 261 

castigata (Eupithecia), 209, 210 

castrensis (Malacosoma), 10, 44, 300 

*catori (Homophylotis), 125 

cauchyata (Hupithecia), 172 

cauchiata (Eupithecia), 172 

*caudata (Byblisia), 127 

celerio (Cherocampa), 10, 12, 104, 120, 
189, 214, 263 

cenea (Papilio), 187 

centralista (Hupithecia), 300 

ceronus (Lycena), 259 

cerago (Citria), 72 

cerago (Cosmia), 72 

cerago (Xanthia), 72, 89 

ceratonie (Myelois), 8 


INDEX. 


ceronus (Polyommatus), 196 
cervina (Protophana), 70 
cervinata (Ortholitha), 118 
ceto (Hrebia), 244 
chalcites (Plusia), 104, 120, 205 
chalcobares (Abraxis), 295 
*Chalconycles, 123 
chalcozona (Abraxas), 295 
chaonia (Drymonia), 257 
chaonia (Notodonta), 42, 257 
Charidea, 109 
charlonia (Anthocharis), 91 
chenopodii (Hadena), 142 
chenopodiella (Seythris), 192 
chi (Antitype), 72 
chi (Polia), 41, 44, 113, 153, 191 
chloris (Mylothris), 259 
Chloroclystis, 170 
chlorodice (Pieris), 91 
christi (Hrebia), 245, 246 
christyi (Oporabia), 191 
chrysidiformis (Sessia), 44 
chrysippus (Danais), 134, 187 
chrysippus (Limnas), 114 
chrysitis (Plusia), 41, 44, 68, 89, 104, 
lil 


| chrysographella (Jathesia), 204 


chryson (Plusia), 11 


| chrysorrhcea (Kuproctis), 48, 86 


chrysorrhcea(Porthesia), 48, 164,186, 211 

cilialis (Pyrausta), 261 

ciners (Hupithecia), 172 

cinnides (Lycena), 259 

cinxia (Melita), 20, 150, 152, 191, 196, 
215 

circe (Satyrus), 214, 258 

circellaris (Amathes), 72 

circellaris (Rusina), 72 

citrago (Cirrhia), 72 

citrana (Aspilates), 192 

clara (l.ycena), 300 

clathrata (Strenia), 68, 153, 295 

clathrata (Tinea), 239 

cleodoxa (Argynnis), 76, 77 

cleopatra (Gonepteryx),150, 152, 212, 214 

cloacella (Tinea), 190 

clytie (Apatura), 76, 198 

enicana (Argyrolepia), 157 

c-nigrum (Agrotis), 214 

c-nigrum (Noctua), 67, 238 

codeti (Ammetopa), 70 

coenosa (Lelia), 140, 295 

cognatellus (Hyponomeuta), 213 

columbina (Heliconius), 90 

combusta (Xylophasia), 153 

comes (‘iriphena), 41, 45, 158, 238 

comitata (Pelurga), 89 

comma (Augiades), 42, 105 

comma (Hesperia), 90 

comma (Leucania), 41 

comma (P.), 105 

comma-notata (Cidaria), 113 

communana (Sciaphila), 46 

complanula (Lithosia), 43 


INDEX. 


Compsotata, 109 

concolor (Tapinostola), 10, 301 

concomitella (Lithocolletis), 141 

conflua (Noctua), 41 

conformis (Xylina), 11, 297 

conigera (Leucania), 41, 66, 67, 155 

Conistra, 70 

conjugella (Argyresthia), 231, 234 

consignata (Hupithecia), 167, 170 

consociella (Rhodophea), 253 

consortaria (Boarmia), 44 

conspersa (Diantheecia), 190 

conspicua (Hypsa), 25, 107 

conspicularis (Xylomiges), 11 

contigua (Hadena), 57 

constrictata (Hupithecia), 156, 171 

conversaria (Boarmia), 45, 215 

conyolvuli (Sphinx), 66, 104, 189, 237 

cordigera (Anarta), 56, 57, 191, 301 

cordula (Satyrus), 78, 246 

coretas (Lycena), 200 

coronata (Chloroclystis), 170, 222 

coronula (Acronycta), 105 

corsica (Lyczna), 102 

corticea (Agrotis), 41, 296 

corunna (Spiramiopsis), 104 

corva (Huphina), 18 

corydon (Agriades), 20, 42, 215, 261 

corydon (Lycena), 20, 22, 42, 44, 46, 90, 
224, 301 

corydon (Polyommatus), 196, 300 

corylaria (Angerona), 15 

corylata (Cidaria), 41, 57 

coryli (Demas), 13 

Cosmia, 70 

costovata (Melanippe), 191 

cracce (Toxocampa), 239, 300 

crategi (Aporia), 14, 44, 167, 168, 191, 
198, 214, 247 

crategella (Scoparia), 68 

crepuscularia (l'ephrosia), 89, 90, 128 

cretacee (Ophalmodes), 204 

cribrella (Myelois), 70, 213 

cribrum (Myelophila), 213, 237 

cristana (Percnea), 91, 117 

croceago (Jodia), 71 

croceago (Hoporina), 71 

croceago (Lampetia), 71 

croceago (Oporina), 43, 167 

croceago (Xantholeuca), 71 

cruciferarum (Plutella), 89 

cruda (Tzniocampa), 44, 90 

cubicularis (Caradrina), 14, 89 

cucubali (Diantheecia), 19, 67 

cucullatella (Nola), 215 

Cucullia, 70 

culiciformis (Sesia), 11, 252, 294 

culmellus (Crambus), 68 

cultraria (Drepana), 22 

cunea (Hyphantria), 161 

cuprella (Adela), 192 

curtisii (Triphiena), 45 

curtula (Pygera), 302 

cyllarus (Nomiades), 151, 153, 196, 198 


XVli 


cympiformis (Sesia), 252 

cynthia (Melitea), 247 

damone (Anthocharis), 91 

damon (Polyommatus), 248 

daphne (Brenthis), 224 

daplidice (Pieris), 78, 91 

daplidice (Pontia), 150, 151, 214, 224 

davus (Coenonympha), 20, 66, 111 

dealbana (Hedya), 59 

deaurana (Lozopera), 183 

decolorata (Emmelesia), 68 

defoliaria (Hybernia), 46, 69, 90, 129 

deione (Melitiea), 78, 195 

delagorguei (Ludia), 103 

Delias, 70 

delius (Parnassius), 245, 261 

demoleus (Papilio), 42, 104, 133 

denotata (Eupithecia), 171, 208, 209 

dentina (Hadena), 66, 67 

deplana (Lithosia), 16 

depuncta (Noctua), 58 

derasa (Habrosyne), 261 

derivata (Anticlea), 41, 301 

dermaptera (Myrina), 104 

deschangei (Spilosoma), 295 

dia (Brenthis), 151, 153, 198, 224 

dicteea (Notodonta), 111 

dicteoides (Notodonta), 111 

dictwoides (Pheosa), 22 

dictynna (Melitea), 198, 242, 244 

didyma (Apamea), 41, 67 

didyma (Melitea), 78, 196, 214, 225, 
244, 246 

didymata (Larentia), 40, 68, 153, 158 

digitalis (Brachycosmia), 71 

diffinis (Gelechia), 89 

*diflinis (Netrocera), 126 

*difformis (Saliunca), 122 


dilutata (Oporabia), 19, 40, 191, 290, 
300 

dimidiata (Acidalia), 68, 238 

diplostigma (Elvesia), 70 

dipsacea (Heliothis), 257 

discordella (Coleophora), 190 

dispar (Chrysophanus), 9, 145, 175, 
259 

dispar (Lymantria), 10 

dispar (Porthesia), 86 

disparata (Hupithecia), 173 

distinctaria (Kupithecia), 170, 171 

dodoneata (Kupithecia), 172, 240 

dominula (Callimorpha), 240, 294 

dorilis (Chrysophanus), 78, 153, 196, 


197 
dorilis (Loweia), 224, 225 
dorippus (Danais), 42 
dorus (Ceenonympha), 18 
doubledayaria (Amphidasys), 23, 89, 
105, 189 
doubledayaria (Pachys), 93 
dromedarius (Notodonta), 10, 22, 41 
dryas (Enodia), 76 
dubitalis (Scoparia), 19, 68, 89, 90, 156 


| dumetaria (Pandemis), 192 


XVlil 


duplaris (Cymatophora), 44, 57, 141 

duponchelii (Leucophasia), 78, 151, 153, 
195, 223, 225 

*durbanica (Malamblia), 125 

echo (Ophiusa), 104 

edusa (Colias), 14, 150, 152, 196, 214, 
257, 292 

egea (Grapta), 225 

egea (Polygonia), 196 

egeria (Pararge), 20, 153, 189, 224, 248, 
261, 303 

egerides (Pararge), 248 

egialea (Amauris), 114 

elinguaria (Crocallis), 68 

eliza (Argynnis), 102 

elpenor (Cheerocampa), 240 

elutata (Hypsipetes), 112, 301 

elutata (Ypsipetes), 19 

elymi (Tapinostola), 106 

Empusada, 70 

empyrea (Rhizotype), 72 

emutaria (Acidalia), 19 

eos (Melitea), 193 

epiphron (Hrebia), 130, 153, 154 

Epirrhoé, 119 

epistygne (Hrebia), 151, 153, 224, 303 

equestraria (Hnnomos), 215 

ergane (Pieris), 261 

ericetata (Hmmelesia), 57 

ericetaria (Selidosema), 157 

erminea (Phalena), 278 

erschoffi (Arctia), 262 

erythrocephala (Comistra), 72 

erythrocephala (Orrhodia), 10 

escheri (Polyommatus), 224, 241, 243 

eson (Cherocampa), 104 

Eucymatoge, 169 

eumedon (Lycena), 239 

eumedon (Polyommatus), 247 

eupheno (Anthocharis), 91 

euphenoides (Anthocharis), 91 

euphenoides (Huchloé), 150, 152, 196, 
214, 225 

euphorbie (Deilephila), 9, 212, 214, 259 

euphorbie (Hylas), 299 

euphrosyne (Argynnis), 11, 40, 118, 128, 
298 


euphrosyne (Brenthis), 151, 153, 196, 
224, 244 

Euphyia, 119 

Eupithecia, 113, 169, 302 

eurybia (Chrysophanus), 246 

evias (Erebia), 152, 153, 196, 224, 303 

exclamationis (Agrotis), 66, 67, 155, 
190, 238 

exigua (Caradrina), 42, 120, 295 

exigua (Laphygma), 12, 14, 20, 21, 42, 
93 


exigua (Sphodoptera), 120, 205 
exiguata (Hupithecia), 89 

exoleta (Calocampa), 56, 71, 190, 215 
exoleta (Axylia), 71 

exoleta (Xylina), 71 

expallidata (Eupithecia), 171 | 


INDEX. 


extimalis (Evergestis), 257 
extranea (Leucania), 13, 237 
extrema (Tapinostola), 301 
exulans (Anthrocera), 19 
exulus (Crymodes), 10, 57 
fagella (Cheimabache), 142 
fagi (Stauropus), 10, 42, 44, 190, 240, 
257, 262 
falcataria (Drepana), 57 
falcataria (Platypteryx), 41 
falloni (Anthocharis), 91 
farinalis (Cedestis), 215 
fasciaria (HKllopia), 20 
fasciata (Arctia), 195, 225, 260 
fasciata (Euproctis), 114 
fasciuncula (Miana), 67 
fausta (Anthrocera), 78 
favicolor (Leucania), 10, 193, 295 
ferreata (Hupithecia), 209 
ferrogrisea (Caffristis), 70 
ferrugata (Coremia), 111 
ferrugata (Xanthorhoé), 18, 115 
ferruginea (Xanthia), 89 
festiva (Noctua), 57, 67, 153 
festuce (Plusia), 11, 22 
fibrosa (Helotropha), 118 
ficklini (Diantheecia), 190, 300 
fidia (Satyrus), 78 
filigrammaria (Oporabia), 153 
filipendule (Anthrocera), 19, 239, 300 
filipendule (Zygena), 10, 67 
fimbria (‘l'riphena), 42 
flammea (Meliana), 90, 93, 261 
flammea (Rhizotype), 72 
flammeana (Huchromia), 182 
flava (Diacrisia), 104 
flavago (Cosmia), 72 
flavalis (Pyrausta), 46 
flavella (Depressaria), 68 
flavescens (Pieris), 91 
flavicincta (Antitype), 72 
flavicineta (Polia), 89, 129, 191 
flavicinctata (Larentia), 154 
flavicornis (Asphalia), 55, 56 
flavidorsana (Dichrorampha), 19 
flavinata (Capaxa), 103 
flavofasciata (Abraxas), 261 
florella (Catopsilia), 134 
fluctuata (Melanippe), 155, 191 
fontis (Bomolocha), 129 
forficalis (Pionea), 68 


forficellus (Schcenobius), 111 


forskaleana (Tortrix), 113 
fortis (Homoncocnemis), 70 
francillonana (Lozopera), 183 
franconia (Malacosoma), 44 
fraxinata (Kupithecia), 172, 206, 207, 208 
fraxini (Catocala), 11 
frobenia (Neptis), 134 

fulgens (Nepticula), 257 
fuliginaria (Boletobia), 116 
fulignosa (Arctia), 44 
fuliginosa (Phragmatobia), 40 
fulva (Tapinostola), 112, 158 


INDEX. 


fulvago (Citria), 72 

fulvago (Cosmia), 72, 118 

fulvapicata (Abraxas), 295 

fulvata (Cidaria), 41 

fulvaia (Melanargia), 68 

fulvinotata (Phlegethontius), 104 

fumata (Acidalia), 153 

fumose (Eupithecia), 171 

furcifera (Graptolitha), 71 

furcifera (Xylina), 297 

furcula (Cerura), 23 

furva (Mamestra), 57, 66, 67, 153 

fuscantaria (Hnnomos), 112, 299 

fuscata (Hrannis), 216 

gaika (Zizera), 133, 134 

galatea (Melanargia), 68, 156, 197, 224, 
225, 239, 243 

galathea (Melanargia), 299 

galii (Deilephila), 9, 301 

gamma (Plusia), 41, 44, 68 

gemina (Apamea), 153, 156 

geminipuncta (Nonagria), 44, 93, 116 

gemmaria (Boarmia), 301 

geniste (Hadena), 89 

gerningana (Amphisa), 157 

Gerydus, 69 

gilvago (Cosmia), 72, 112 

gilvago (Xanthia), 129 

glacialis (Erebia), 245, 246 

glaphyra (Arctia), 262 

glareosa (Noctua), 22, 41, 46, 301 

glauca (Hadena), 57 

glaucinaria (Gnophos), 116 

Glaucopis, 109 

glyphica (Euclidia), 298 

*slennia (Saliunca), 123 

Gmunoscelis, 170 

gnaphalii (Cucullia), 11, 215, 295 

gnaphalii (Hucalimia), 71 

goante (Hrebia), 78, 303 

gondoti (EHuplea), 185 

gonostigma (Orgyia), 118 

goodwini (Asthena), 33 

goossensiata (Kupithecia), 171 

gordius (Chrysophanus), 149, 197, 225 

gorge (Hrebia), 245, 247, 303 

gothica (Teniocampa), 56, 90, 142, 215, 
297 

gothicina (Teniocampa), 215 

graminis (Chareas), 41, 67, 153 

granitella (Acrolepia), 183 

graphodactylus (Stenoptilia), 8, 295 

Graptolitha, 70 

grayi (Polyptychus), 104 

griseo-capitella (Swammerdammia), 300 

griseola (Lithosia), 43 

griseovariegata (Panolis), 142 

grossulariata (Abraxas), 11, 68,13 , 234, 
240, 261, 294, 295, 300, 301 

gruneri (Anthocharis), 91 

gumpiana (Peronea), 117 

haggerti (Twniocampa), 44 

hardwickii (Parnassius), 245 

hastata (Melanippe), 16, 298 


XIX 


hastata (Rheumaptera), 119 
haworthii (Celena), 153 
haworthiata (Eupithecia), 172, 221 
hazeleiensis (Abraxas), 295 

hebe (Arctia), 214, 225 

hector (Papilio), 185 

hectus (Hepialus), 111 

Heliconius, 114 

Heliphobus, 71 

helvola (Amathes), 72 

helvola (Anchocelis), 41 

hepatica (Xylophasia), 111 

herbida (Aplecta), 57 

hero (Coenonympha), 76 

hilaris (Harpagophana), 70 
hippothoé (Chrysophanus), 76, 198, 298 
hirtaria (Biston), 128 

hispida (Leucochlena), 71 
holmiana (Dictyopteryx), 68 
Homohadena, 70 

honratii (Thais), 224 

hortuellus (Crambus), 90, 112 
hospita (Chelonia), 154 

hospita (Nemeophila), 57, 154 
hospiton (Papilio), 77, 101 

humuli (Hepialus), 40, 67, 89, 154 
Huphina, 116 

hutchinsoni (Vanessa), 297 

hyale (Colias), 13, De 152, 196, 224 
hyalinalis (Botys), 2 

hyalinalis re eee 22 
hybridella (Eupeecilia), 157 
hydara (Heliconius), 90 

hyerana (Hastula), 18, 20, 68, 91, 92,117 


| hylas (Lyceena), 214, 224 


hylas (Polyommatus), 153, 196 
hyparchus (Pompostola), 125 
hypassia (Chalciope), 104 


| hyperanthus (Aphantopus), 243 


hyperanthus (Enodia), 299 

hyperanthus (lpinephele), 156 

hyperborea (Agrotis), 10 

hypericana (Catoptria), 68 

hypochiona (Lyceena), 17 

ianira (Epinephele), 40, 43, 112, 154, 238 

ianthina (Triphena), 20, 41 

icarus (Lycena), 20, 40, 46, 66, 67, 114, 
154, 189, 214, 298 

icarus (Polyommatus), 20, 141, 150, 151, 
152, 215, 299, 300 

ichnusa (Vanessa), 102 

idas (Lycena), 17, 20 

ilia (Apatura), 76, 197, 242, 303 

iliades (Apatura), 76 

ilicifolia (Kpicnaptera), 140 

ilicis (Thecla), 196, 198, 224, 225, 242, 
243 

imbutata (Carsia), 157 

immanata (Cidaria), 41, 67, 113 

immorata (Acidalia), 21 

immundella (Trifurcula), 260 

impluviata (Ypsipetes), 19 

impura (Leucania), 10, 154, 238 


| inaria (Serrodes), 104 


XX INDEX. 


incedens (Bereia), 104 

incerta (Tzeniocampa), 10, 142, 215, 216, 
297 

indeterminata (Ophiusa), 104 

iners (Amathes), 72 

iners (Dyschorista), 72 

ines (Melanargia), 258 

infima (Leucana), 104 

infuscata (Ennomos), 215 

infuscata (Xylophasia), 240 

ingenua (Aporophylla), 21 

inguinata (Melanippe), 117 

innotata (Hupithecia), 40, 206, 220 

ino (Brenthis), 76, 198, 248 

inous (Lycenesthes), 239 

inquinatellus (Crambus), 112 

instabilis (Teniocampa), 21, 56 

insigniata (Eupithecia), 170, 171 

insubrica (Coenonympha), 245 

insularis (Anthocharis), 91, 100, 101 

intercalaris (Arctia), 262 

intermedia (Asthena), 33 

interrogationis (Plusia), 41, 132, 154 

inturbata (Eupithecia), 172 

io (Vanessa), 13, 129, 154, 189, 198, 247, 
297 

iolas (Lycena), 222 

iota (Plusia), 68, 111 

iphis (Ceenonympha), 248 

iris (Apatura), 76, 197, 242, 243 

isogrammaria (Eupithecia), 22, 172 

issyka (Arctia), 262 

jacobeee (Euchelia), 191, 215, 256 

jacobeeee (Hipocrita), 294 

janira (Kpinephele), 7, 67 

jasioneata (Kupithecia), 156, 208, 209, 
301 


jasius (Charaxes), 69, 102, 140, 167, 206 

juniperata (Thera), 21 

knysna (Zizera), 133 

krishna (Papilio), 260 

laburnella (Cemiostoma), 239 

lacertinaria (Platypteryx), 41 

lachesis (Melanargia), 214, 258 

lacteasparsa (Abraxas), 295 

lacteomarginata (Cidaria), 295 

lacticolor (Abraxas), 261, 295 

lacunana (Sericoris), 156 

lambda (Graptolitha), 71 

lambda (Rhizolitha), 71 

lambdella (Gicophora), 102 

lancealis (Perinephele), 106 

lanceolana (Bactra), 157 

lappona (Hrebia), 244, 247 

lapponaria (Nyssia), 11, 15, 56,117, 118, 
215, 296, 301 

lateralis (Epizygeena), 122 

lateritia (Metarctia), 104 

lathonia (Issoria), 76 

lathyri (Leucophasia), 214 

latona (Cytogramma), 104 

lavendule (Zygena), 224 

lavatere (Carcharodus), 152, 196, 224, 
244 


lefebvrei (Hrebia), 259 

leilus (Cydimon), 116 

leilus (Urania), 116 

leinardi (Diacrisia), 104 

leporina (Acronycta), 22, 44, 93, 111 

*leptis (Honophylotis), 125 

leucographa (Pachnobia), 297 

leucomelas (Melanargia), 300 

leuconeura (Grammoscelis), 70 

leucopheea (Pachetra), 168 

leucophearia (Erannis), 216 

leucophearia (Hybernia), 91, 110, 142, 
215 

leucorhabha (Argyrogalea), 70 

leucostigma (Helotropha), 118 

levana (Araschnia), 76, 198, 254 

lianardi (Ophiusa), 291 

libatrix (Gonoptera), 89, 293 

lichenea (Kumichtis), 72 

lienigialis (Pyralis), 235, 291 

ligea (Erebia), 248 

lignata (Phibalapteryx), 112 

ligneus (Cocynis), 133 

ligniperda (Cossus), 154 

ligula (Cerastis), 89 

ligula (Conistra), 72 

liguriata (Eupithecia), 170 

ligustri (Acronycta), 57, 105 

limbata (Ophiusa), 104 

limitata (Eubolia), 41, 68, 238 

linariata (Kupithecia), 169 

lineata (Deilephila), 257 

linneella (Chrysoclista), 46, 192, 257 

literosa (Miana), 41, 67, 158, 238, 296 

lithargyria (Leucania), 66, 67, 155, 
238 


lithodactylus (didematophorus), 156 

lithoxylea (Xylophasia), 66, 67, 153, 
238 

littoralis (Prodenia), 88, 263 

litura (Amathes), 72 

liturata (Macaria), 46, 216 

liturata (Semiothisa), 216 

livornica (Deilephila), 9, 46, 120, 257 

lixella (Coleophora), 36 


| lobulata (Lobophora), 110 


lohita (Spindasis), 116 

lonicere (Anthrocera), 243 

lonicerse (Zygeena), 46 

loreyi (Leucania), 104 

lorquiniaria (Acalla), 93 

lota (Orthosia), 89 

lubricipeda (Arctia), 154 

lubricipeda alba (Bombyx), 278 

lubricipeda (Spilosoma), 40, 89, 111, 
216, 257, 295 

lucernea (Agrotis), 57, 156 

lucidella (Aristotelia), 257 

lucilla (Neptis), 303 

lucina (Nemeobius), 128, 152, 153, 224 

lucipara (Kuplexia), 155 

luctuata (Huphyia), 119 

luctuosa (Acontia), 46 

lunaria (Selenia), 89, 129 


INDEX. 


lundana (Ancylis), 90 

lunigera (Agrotis), 156 

lunosa (Anchocelis), 20, 112 

lunosa (Omphaloscelis), 71, 72 

lupia (Rhodogastria), 104 

lupulinus (Hepialus), 40 

luridata (Tephrosia), 216 

lutarella (Lithosia), 19, 214, 296 

lutea (Cosmia), 72 

lutea (Leucania), 93 

luteago (Dianthecia), 10, 190, 300 

lutealis (Scopula), 68 

lutescens (Diacrisia), 104 

lutipennella (Coleophora), 42 

lutosa (Calamia), 105 

lutulenta (Aporophyla), 71 

lutulenta (Epunda), 21, 112 

lychnidis (Amathes), 72 

lychnitis (Cucullia), 239 

lycidas (Rusticus), 243 

lysimon (Lycena), 134 

machaon (Papilio), 101, 149, 150, 151, 
152, 162, 190, 214, 301 

macilenta (Amathes), 72 

Macroglossa, 205 

maculata (Venilia), 129, 298 

maculipennis (Plutella), 89 

maculosa (Arctia), 225 

madagascariensis (Crenis), 185 

mera (Pararge), 116, 152,195, 198, 223, 
240, 299, 303 

maha (Zizera), 133, 236 

major (Zygena), 240 

malvee (Hesperia), 153, 191, 244 

malve (Syrichthus), 90, 298 

manni (Arctia), 262 

manto (Hrebia), 245 

Marasmarcha, 259 

margaritaria (Metrocampa), 40 

margaritellus (Crambus), 67, 68, 157 

marginaria (Hybernia), 110, 116, 128, 
142, 167, 297 

marginata (Lomaspilis), 40, 43 

marginata (Temnora), 104 

marginepunctata (Acidalia), 1, 46, 48 

maritima (Senta), 10, 19, 257 

marmorata (Cidaria), 113 

marmorea (Lita), 157 

marmorinaria (Erannis), 216 

*marshalli (Saliuncella), 124 

*Matamblia, 124 

mathewi (Coenonympha), 18, 20 

matura (Cerigo), 238 

maturna (Melitea), 76 

maurita (Spodoptera), 120, 205 

meda (B.), 104 

medesicaste (Thais), 150, 152, 196, 223 

medusa (Erebia), 76, 198 

megiera (Kuchloron), 104 

megera (Pararge), 104, 150, 152, 189, 
303 

melampus (Erebia), 244 

Melanippe, 119 

melanocephala (Acronycta), 22 


Xxl 


melanopa (Anarta), 57, 301 

*Melanopoda (Alucita), 284 

melanops (Nomiades), 151, 153, 196 

melanozona (Abraxas), 295 

melas (Krebia), 259 

meleager (Polyommatus), 78 

*Melisominas, 127 

meliloti (Anthrocera), 239 

mendica (Spilosoma), 13, 216 

mensuraria (Hubolia), 41 

menthastri (Spilosoma), 40, 111, 155, 
257, 278 

menyanthidis (Acronycta), 44, 57 

merope (Heteronympha), 141 

merope (Melitea), 247 

Metanycles, 123 

metis (Apatura), 303 

mi (Kuclidia), 90, 155 

miata (Cidaria), 42, 57 

micacea (Hydrecia), 41, 89 

microsticha (Epizygena), 121 

miegii (Chrysophanus), 258 

milvipennis (Coleophora), 20 

Mimacrea, 115 

*mimetica (Saliunca), 123 

minima (Cupido), 105, 152, 189, 196 

miniosa (Teniocampa), 16 

minos (Anthrocera), 18, 247 

minos (Zygena), 18, 21, 92 

minutata (Eupithecia), 171 

misippus (Hypolimnas), 134 

mnemosyne (Parnassius), 224, 245 

mnestra (Hrebia), 245, 246, 303 

monacha (Liparis), 44 

monacha (Lymantria), 10, 70, 240 

moneta (Plusia), 13, 40, 42, 66, 89, 129, 
189, 192, 213, 301 

monoglypha (Xylophasia), 19, 66, 67, 
153, 158, 238, 240, 296 

montanata (Melanippe), 68, 155 

morpheus (Caradrina), 67, 89, 111 

morpheus (Heteropterus), 76 

multistrigaria (Larentia), 19, 20, 40, 
92 

munda (Tzniocampa), 216 

mundana (Nudaria), 67, 129, 153 

munitata (Coremia), 41, 57 

muralis (Bryophila), 20 

muralis (Jaspidea), 20 

muricata (Hyria), 239 

murinata (Minoa), 298 

muscerda (Lithosia), 43, 106, 117 

musciformis (Sesia), 156 

muscosa (Agrotis), 104 

mutata (Andriasa), 104, 292 

myopeformis (Algeria), 19 

myopeformis (Sesia), 19 

myrice (Acronycta), 57 

myrtillana (Phoxopteryx), 128 

myrtilli (Anarta), 153, 157, 191 

nama (Hestina), 260 

nana (Dianthecia), 301 

nanata (Hupithecia), 68, 153, 156 

napser (Pieris), 259 


XX 


napi (Pieris), 40, 68, 91, 107, 140, 154, | 


162, 189, 214, 238, 246, 259, 297, 
298 
napi (Pontia), 162 
nebulosa (Aplecta), 10, 44, 67, 113, 153, 
168, 298 
neglecta (Agrotis), 118 
neglecta (Noctua), 142, 301 
neomiris (Satyrus), 103 
neoridas (Hrebia), 78 
nerii (Cherocampa), 65, 120 
nerii (Daphnis), 65, 134, 141, 214, 292 
*Netrocera, 126 
neuropterella (Parasia), 257 
neustria (Malacosoma), 44, 239 
nicholii (Hrebia), 259 
nigra (Aporophyla), 58, 71, 257 
nigra (Epunda), 41 
nigrescens (Orthosia), 240 
nigricans (Agrotis), 238 
nigrocincta (Antitype), 72 
nigrocincta (Polia), 10, 299, 300 
nigrofasciaria (Anticlea), 41 
nigrofulvata (Macaria), 46 
nigrolutea (Abraxas), 295 
nimbana (Carpocapsa), 46 
*nitens (Saliunca), 122 
niveata (Cleogene), 261 
nubeculosa (Asteroscopus), 90 
nubeculosa (Brachionycha), 71 
nubeculosa (Petasia), 55, 93 
nubilata (Kupithecia), 171 
noctuella (Nomophila), 156 
notha (Brephos), 297 
nupta (Catocala), 18 
nympheata (Hydrocampa), 68 
obelisca (Agrotis), 20 
obfuscaria (Dasydia), 40 
oblongata (EKupithecia), 240 
obscura (Agrotis), 262 
obscura (Hrebia), 244 
obscura (Lycena), 244, 247, 29d 
obscuraria (Gnophos), 67, 68 
obsoleta (Argiades), 261 
obsoleta (Lycena), 46, 240 
occularis (Cymatophora), 105 
occulta (Aplecta), 57 
ocellaris (Cosmia), 72 
ocellaris (Orthosia), 257 
ocellaris (Xanthia), 12 
ocellata (Melanthia), 19, 57, 68 
ocellata (Opsigalea), 70 
ocellata (Smerinthus), 46, 215 
ocellatus (Smerinthus), 10, 111, 139 
*ochracea (Bylisia), 127 
ochracea ( Eupithecia), 171 
ochracea (Mamestra), 191 
ochrata (Acidalia), 296 
ochroleuca (Eremobia), 19 
ochsenheimeriana (Pamene), 257 
octomaculata (Ennychia), 298 
oculea (Apamea), 41 
(ceticus, 239 
cenistis (Andesia), 70 


INDEX. 


oleagina (Valeria), 20, 72 

oleracea (Hadena), 67, 153, 238 

olivacea (Polia), 153 

olivata (Larentia), 41, 154, 158 

omphale (Teracolus), 18 

Oncocnemis, 70 

oo (Dicycla), 105 

ophiogramma (Hadena), 257 

opima (Teniocampa), 21, 92, 105, 110, 
216 

opina (Dryotype), 70 

optilete (P.), 245, 247 

orbitulus (P.), 245, 247 

orbona (Triphena), 41, 58, 67, 155 

orcadensis (Eupithecia), 71 

orichalcea (Plusia), 295 

orion (Diphthera), 117 

orion (Lycna), 214 

orion (Moma), 301 

*ornata (Callibaptes), 127 

ornata (Lyczena), 44 

ornithopus (Graptolitha), 71 

ornithopus (Xylina), 168 

osseana (Aphelia), 91 

oxyacanthe (Meganephira), 72 

oxyacanthe (Miselia), 21, 72, 89 

oxygramma (Plusia), 104 

paradoxa (Pseudopontia), 20 

pagodse (Copitype), 70 

palemon (Carterocephalus), 128 

palzeno (Colias), 245, 247, 261 

paleacea (Cosmia), 58, 118 

palealis (Loxstege), 257 

palealis (Spilodes), 240 

pales (Brenthis), 244, 247 

pallens (Leucania), 155, 238 

pallescentella (Tinea), 42 

pallida (Erebia), 244 

pallida (Txeniocampa), 191 

pallifrontana (Stigmonota), 22 

paludis (Hydreecia), 10 

paludum (Aciptilia), 187, 235 

paludum tBucileria), 144, 187, 235 

paludum (Trichoptilus), 293 

palustris (Hydrilla), 106 

pamphilus (Cenonympha), 43, 112, 153, 
154, 189 


| pandora (Argynnis), 103, 303 


pandora (Dryas), 77 
paphia (Argynnis), 103, 189, 191, 215 
paphia (Dryas), 76, 77, 240 
papilionaria (Geometra), 158, 
302 
pardus (KEntomogramma), 104 
parthenias (Brephos), 110, 297 
parthenie (Melitea), 245 
parthenoides (Synemon), 141 
pascuellus (Crambus), 90 
pasiphee (Epinephele), 258 
pastinum (Toxocampa), 93 
pavonia (Saturnia), 216, 301 
pechi (Anthocharis), 91 
pectinitaria (Larentia), 153 
pedaria (Phigalia), 110, 116, 128 


240, 


INDEX. 


peletieraria (Cleogene), 261 


peltigera (Heliothis), 11, 21, 120, 237, 
301 


pendularia (Ephyra), 57 

pendularia (Zonosoma), 57 

penkleriana (Grapholitha), 91 

pennaria (Himera), 66, 129, 300 

penziana (Sciaphila), 91 

perfumaria (Boarmia), 301 

perfuscata (Cidaria), 113 

perla (Bryophila), 238 

perlellus (Crambus), 68 

petraria (Panagra), 68 

phalanta (Atella), 134 

pharte (EHrebia), 247, 303 

phicomone (Colias), 244, 245, 247, 299 

philoxenus (Ccenonympha), 111 

phleas (Chrysophanus), 19, 21, 40, 67, 
150, 214, 216, 234, 238 

phleas (Polyommatus), 154, 158, 240 

phleas (Rumicia), 19, 94 

phoebe (Melitea), 151, 153, 196, 224, 
243 


phorobanta (Papilio), 134 

phragmitellus (Chilo), 192, 215 

phragmitidis (Calamia), 19, 238 

picata (Cidaria), 295 

piceata (Cidaria), 24 

pictaria (Aleucis), 191 

pigra (Pygeera), 22 

pilosaria (Phigalia), 89, 110, 117 

pilosellee (Oxyptilus), 87 

Pinacopteryx, 298 

pinastri (Sphinx), 44, 212 

piniarius (Bupalus), 40 

piniperda (Trachea), 190 

pinguinella (Gelechia), 42, 43 

pinguis (Huzophera), 106 

pisi (Hadena), 67, 153 

pistacina (Amathes), 72 

pitho (Erebia), 248 

placens (Hypnotype), 70 

plagiata (Anaitis), 141 

plantaginis (Chelonia), 153, 154 

plantaginis (Nemeophila), 112, 157 

plantaginis (Parasemia), 294 

plecta (Agrotis), 46 

plecta (Noctua), 41 

plexippus (Anosia), 162 

plexippus (Danais), 299 

plumbeolata (Eupithecia), 172 

plumifera (Oreopsyche), 214 

pluto (Krebia), 246 

podalirius (Papilio), 150, 152, 211, 214, 
224, 240, 254 

podana (Tortrix), 68, 111 

*peecila (Arniscera), 125 

polaris (Vanessa), 19 

pollux (Erebia), 244 

polychloros (Kugonia), 150, 152 

polychloros (Euvanessa), 242, 243 

polychloros (Vanessa), 13, 142, 198, 
297 

polycommata (Lobophora), 128 


XXlli 


polygonalis (Mecyna), 239 
polyodon (Xylophasia), 296 
polysperchon (Lyczena), 200 
polyxena (‘Thais), 116, 214 
pomifoliella (Lithocolletis), 141 
pomonella (Carpocapsa), 234 
Pompostola, 125 

populata (Cidaria), 68, 153, 158 
populeti (Tzniocampa), 89, 105 
populi (Amorpha), 215, 300 
populi (Limenitis), 76, 197, 243, 298 
populi (Peecilocampa), 42 
populi (Smerinthus), 22, 111 


| porcellus (Cherocampa), 240 


porima (Araschnia), 199 
porphyria (Agrotis), 41, 153 
porrinata (Nemoria), 117 


| postica (P.), 104 
| potatoria (Cosmotriche), 262 
| potatoria (Odonestis), 67, 139, 166, 235 


prelatella (Lampronia), 157 
prasina (Aplecta), 261 
proboscidalis (Hypena), 68 
procellata (Melanippe), 117 
processionea (Cnethocampa), 214 
procida (Melanargia), 197 
procrioides (Epizygena), 121 
progemmaria (Hybernia), 110, 167 
pronoé (Erebia), 248, 303 
pronuba (Triphena), 41, 67, 155, 158, 
238 


| pronubana (Tortrix), 17, 20, 43, 91, 162, 


168, 191, 211, 239, 299 
prorsa (Araschnia), 76, 199 
prosapiaria (Ellopia), 40, 302 
protea (Dichonia), 71 
protea (Dryobota), 71 
protea (Eumichtis), 71, 72 
protea (Hadena), 21, 89, 116 
protea (Polia), 71 
provincialis (Melitza), 151, 153, 196 
proximaria (Boarmia), 104 
pruinana (Penthina), 156 
prunaria (Angerona), 15, 142, 240, 295, 
301 


pruni (Aglaope), 214 


| pruni (Strymon), 256 


pruni (Thecla), 26, 76, 105, 198, 242, 
290 

pryerella (Myelois), 8 

pseudonomion (Parnassius), 242 

pseudospretella (Borkhausenia), 42, 43, 
261 


psi (Acronycta), 41, 119, 138 


| pterodactylus (Stenoptilia), 144 


pudibunda (Dasychira), 13, 240, 299 
pudica (Kuprepia), 225 

pulchella (Deiopeia), 12, 42, 214 
pulchellata (Eupithecia), 89, 116, 221 
pulchrina (Plusia), 68, 111 

pullata (Gnophos), 116 

pulveraria (Numeria), 18, 111, 212, 298 
pulverulenta (Tsniocampa), 297 


| pumilata (Gymnoscelis), 170, 222 


XX1V 


pumilata (EKupithecia), 141, 156 

punctaria (Ephyra), 16, 111 

punctaria (Zonosoma), 128 

punctata (Phalena), 279 

punctularia (Tephrosia), 128, 298 

purpuralis (Anthrocera), 18 

purpuralis (Zygena), 18 

purpurata (Rhyparia), 195, 225 

purpurea (Austramathes), 71 

pustulata (Kuchloris), 261 

puta (Agrotis), 44, 190 

putrescens (I.eucania), 301 

putris (Axylia), 66, 67, 89 

pygmeola (Lithosia), 19, 296 

pyralina (Calymnia), 89, 93 

pyri (Saturnia), 214, 239 

quadrifaria (Psodos), 116 

quadripunctata (Caradrina), 67 

quercana (Hylophila), 105 

quercifolia (Gastropacha), 23 

quercinaria (Hnnomos), 215 

quercus (Bithys), 256 

quercus (Lasiocampa), 18, 40, 139, 235, 
243 

quercus (Thecla), 105, 113 

rape (Pieris), 18, 40, 89, 140, 153, 189, 
214, 238, 259 

raphani (Pieris), 91 

ravida (Agrotis), 105 

rectilinia (Hadena), 57 

renardii (Mamestra), 191 

repandata (Boarmia), 113, 215, 262, 
301 


resinella (Retinia), 220 

revayana (Sarrothripus), 142 

rhadamanthus (Zygena), 224 

rhamnata (Scotisia), 186 

rhamni (Gonepteryx), 152, 
214, 244, 294, 297 

rhomboidaria (Boarmia), 113 

ribeana (Tortrix), 68 

ribeata (Hupithecia), 170 

ripe (Agrotis), 301 

roborana (Spilonota), 157 

roboraria (Boarmia), 70, 240, 261 

robsoni (Aplecta), 10 

rederaria (IMupithecia), 170 

rosina (Heliconius), 90 

rothleibii (Ceenonympha), 46, 111 

rubricosa (Pachnobia), 89 

rubidata (Anticlea), 42, 156 

rubiginea (Conistra), 72 

rubi (Bombyx), 155, 216 

rubi (Callophrys), 90, 151, 
256 

rubi (Macrothylacia), 155 

rubi (Noctua), 67, 153 

rubi (Thecla), 40, 156, 256 

rubrobasalis (Pinacopteryx), 298 

rufa (Coenobia), 300 

rufa (Leucania), 93, 295 

rufago (Jodia), 71 

rufescens (Metarctia), 104 

rufina (Anchocelis), 41, 140 


186, 


152, 189, 


1 | 
| selene (Argynnis), 44, 154, 156 


INDEX. 


_ rumicis (Acronycta), 44 


rumina (Thais), 214 
rupicapraria (Hybernia), 128 
ruralis (Botys), 16 

ruralis (Sylepta), 16 

rurea (Xylophasia), 41, 57, 153 
russata (Cidaria), 113, 153 
rustica (Spilosoma), 216 
rusticata (Acidalia), 120 

rutilus (Chrysophanus), 145, 175, 259 
sacraria (Sterrha), 105 

salicata (Larentia), 153, 154, 158 
salicis (Leucoma), 105 
*Saliuncella, 124 

salmacis (Lycena), 46 

salustius (Chrysophanus), 18 

sao (Pyrgus), 78, 152, 153, 196 
sao (Syrichthus), 103 

sarpedon (Zygeena), 214 

satellitia (Hupsilia), 72 

satellitia (Scopelosoma), 56, 297 
satura (Humichtis), 72 
saturnana (Dicrorampha), 91 
satyrata (Kupithecia), 172 
satyrion (Ccenonympha), 245, 247 
saucia (Agrotis), 44, 89 

sauciana (Penthina), 129 
scabiosata (Encymatoge), 170 
scabriuscula (Dipterygia). 87, 239 
schiefereri (Kupithecia), 171 
schulziana (Mixodia), 67, 157 
scipio (Erebia), 78 


| seitula (Rhynchaglea), 70 
| scolopacina (Xylophasia), 129, 215 


| scoparire (Cheligalea), 70 
| segetum (Agrotis), 46, 47, 104, 155 
' seladonia (Polia), 71 


selenampha (Amyna), 104 


semiargus (Nomiades), 39, 153, 198, 247 


| semibrunnea (Lithophane), 71 


semele (Hipparchia), 77, 78, 299 
semele (Satyrus), 22, 40, 66, 67, 91, 
103 


senescens (Butalis), 219 

serena (Hecatera), 89 

setioides (Netrocera), 123, 126 

severina (Belenois), 114 

sibylla (Limenitis), 9, 42, 76, 189, 198, 
242 


sicula (Drepana), 10, 295 
side (Hesperia), 151 
signata (Plusia), 104 
silaceata (Cidaria), 261 
silaceata (Larentia), 240 
silago (Cosmia), 72 
silago (Xanthia), 41 
similis (Porthesia), 238 
simplex (Anthena), 104 
simulata (Thera), 154 
sinapis (Leptosia), 152 
sinapis (Leucophasia), 78, 150, 156,195, 
198, 214 
sinope (Urota), 103 


INDEX. 


sinuella (Homoeosoma), 257 
smaragdaria (Phorodesma), 261 
sobrinata (Hupithecia), 16, 154, 158, 173 
socia (Lithophane), 57 

sociata (Melanippe), 68 

sociella (Aphomia), 68 

solidaginis (Calocampa), 57 

solidaginis (Cloantha), 71 

solidaginis (Kupithecia), 209 


sordidata (Hypsipetes), 68, 153, 158, 300 

sordidata (Ypsipetes), 19, 41 

sparganil (Nonagria), 10, 14, 93 

spartiata (Chesias), 42 

sphinx (Asteroscopus), 71, 105 

sphinx (Brachionycha), 71 

sphinx (Petasia), 71 

spini (Thecla), 196, 214 

splendida (Argyromata), 70 

Spilosoma, 253 

stabilis (Tzniocampa), 13, 142, 191, 297 

statilinus (Satyrus), 78, 214, 258 

stellatarum (Macroglossa), 14, 20, 129, 
214, 290 

stephensi (Mompha), 257 

stevensata (Hupithecia), 173 

stigmatica (Noctua), 22 

stolida (Chalciope), 104 

straminea (Conchylis), 68 

straminea (Leucania), 10, 19, 105 

stramineola (Lithosia), 40, 43 

strataria (Biston), 142 

striana (Orthotenia), 157 

strigata (Hemithea), 155 

strigata (Rancora), 71 

strigilaria (Acidalia), 296 

strigilis (Miana), 41, 67, 105, 111, 156 

strigosa (Acronycta), 105 

strigula (Agrotis), 41 

strobilata (Hupithecia), 170 

stygne (Hrebia), 224, 244 

subcapucina (Peronea), 117 

subciliata (Eupithecia), 173, 299 

subjectana (Cnephasia), 90 

subjectana (Sciaphila), 157 

sublustris (Xylophasia), 105, 296 

subnotata (Encymatoge), 170 

subradiata (Lyczna), 239 

subretracta (Hypsa), 25, 107 

subroseata (Ephyra), 118 


subsericeata (Acidalia), 156 
subsequa (Triphena), 192 
substriata (Agrotis), 22 
subtristata (Melanippe), 155 
subtusa (Tethea), 18 
subviolacea (Abraxas), 295 
succenturiata (Hupithecia), 173 
suffumata (Cidaria), 24, 113, 298 
sugriva (B.), 43 

suspecta (Amathes), 72 
suspecta (Orthosia) 57, 129 
syllius (Melanargia), 214 
sylvanus (Hepialus), 90 
sylvanus (Hesperia), 154 
sylvanus (Pamphila), 189 ' 


XXV 


| sylvata (Asthena), 33 


sylvestrana (Retinia), 253 

syringaria (Pericallia), 89, 129 

tages (Nisoniades), 90, 111, 150, 152, 244, 
298 

tages (Thanaos), 111, 300 

tagis (Anthocharis), 91, 100, 101, 151,196 

tamarisciata (Hupithecia), 206 

taras (Hesperia), 191 

taraxaci (Caradrina), 67 


| telecanus (Lycena), 134 
| temerata (Bapta), 191 

| templi (Dasypolia), 72 

| tenebrosa (Rusina), 156 
| tenella (Psyche), 183 


tenuiata (Hupithecia), 172 
tephradactylus (Leioptilus), 117, 156 
Tephroclystis 169 

Teracolus, 116 

terrealis (Botys), 156 

tersata (Ccenocalpa), 170 

tersata (Phibalapteryx), 170 
testaceata (Asthena), 33 

testata (Cidaria), 41, 153, 154, 158 
testacea (Luperina), 46 

thalassina (Hadena), 67, 111 
thaumas (Hesperia), 90, 300 
therapne (Pyrgus), 78 


| therapne (Syrichthus), 103 
| thetis (Melanargia), 258 


thymiaria (Hemithea), 240 
tigellius (Pararge), 103 

tilie (Smerinthus), 231, 234, 262 
tiliaria (Ennomos), 112 

tiliaria (Hugonia), 112 

tineta (Aplecta), 153 


| tiphon (Ccenonympha), 162 


tiphys (Netrocera), 126 
tipuliformis (Sesia), 252 
tiresias (Lycena), 200 
tithonus (Kpinephele), 67 
tithonus (Satyrus), 262 
tityrella (Nepticula), 257 


| togata (Kucymatoge), 169 


togata (Hupithecia), 169, 170, 221 
tragopogonis (Amphipyra) 41 
trapezina (Cosmia), 112, 264 
trauniana (Stigmonota), 106 
tremulz (Limenitis), 298 
*triangularis (Anomeotes), 121 
Trichoridia, 70 

tricolor (Anthena), 104 

tricolor (Coleophora), 36 
tridens (Acronycta), 119, 138 
trifolii (Anthrocera), 239 
trifolii (Zygena), 225, 240 


| trigemminana (EKphippiphora), 68 


trijuncta (Neumichtes), 70 
trilinea (Grammesia), 240 
triops (Pararge), 116 

tripartita (Habrostola), 68 
triplasia (Habrostola), 111 


| trisignaria (Eupithecia), 221 


tristata (Melanippe), 57 


XXV1 


tristellus (Crambus), 68 

tritici (Agrotis), 19, 41, 158, 296 

truncata (Cidaria), 113 

tyndarus (Erebia), 78, 214, 245, 247, 258 

typhe (Nonagria), 10, 44, 93 

typhon (Coenonympha), 40, 46, 111, 154, 
162 


*ugandx (Netrocera), 126 

uliginosellus (Crambus), 156 

ulmata (Abraxas), 262, 298 

ulmi (Uropus), 214 

Ulochlena, 71 

ulve (Senta), 105 

umbratica (Cucullia), 68 

umbratica (Callenia), 71 

umbrosa (Noctua), 66 

unangulata (Melanippe), 119 

unanimis (Apamea), 41 

unanimis (Hadena), 22 

unicolor (Cirrhcedia), 295 

unipuncta (Leucania), 13, 237, 263 

upsilon (Orthosia), 240 

urtice (Aglais), 19, 43, 152, 260, 299, 300 

urtice (Spilosoma), 301 

urtice (Vanessa), 19, 43, 76, 89, 129, 154, 
198, 214, 238, 297, 300 

urticana (Sericoris), 156 

vaccinii (Cerastes), 46, 56, 297 

vaccinii (Conistra), 72 

vaculella (Ochsenheimeria), 257 

valerianata (Eupithecia), 158 

valezina (Argynnis), 103 

valezina (Dryas), 77, 280 

varia (Melitea), 245 

variata (Thera), 41 

varylata (Abraxas), 24 

velleda (Hepialus), 67, 129, 154 

venosata (Hupithecia) 116, 171, 221 

*ventralis (Saliunea), 123 


INDEX. 


verannes (Charaxes), 104 

verbasci (Cucullia), 239 

versicolor (Dimorpha), 141 
vestigialis (Agrotis), 46, 158, 238, 296 
*vetulina (Chalconycles), 124 
vetusta (Xylina), 71 


| vigintipunctatus (Yponomeuta), 192 
| villica (Arctia), 10, 20, 139, 156, 225, 239, 


294 
viminalis (Bombycia), 71 
viminalis (Cleocera), 214 . 


vinula (Dicranura), 41, 257 

viretata (Lobophora), 301 

virgata (Agrotis), 299 

virgaurese (Chrysophanus), 214, 248, 258 

virgaureata (Eupithecia), 172, 206, 208, 
210, 220 


| viridana (Tortrix), 129 
| viridaria (Larentia), 41 


viridata (Nemoria), 117, 215 
vitalbata (Phibalapteryx), 170 
vitellina (Leucania), 10, 40, 256, 301 
vittata (Phibalapteryx), 112 

vulgata (Eupithecia), 172 

w-album (Kdwardsia), 256 

w-album (Strymon), 19, 90 


| w-album (Thecla), 19, 77, 89, 198, 256 


xanthographa (Noctua), 20, 155, 158, 192 
xanthomelas (Vanessa), 303 
xanthomista (Polia), 157, 299, 300 
*xanthosoma (Epizygena), 121 
xerampelina (Atethmia), 72 
xerampelina (Cirrhcedia), 72, 295, 299 
xerampelina (Orthosia), 257 
xerampelina (Xanthia), 112 

zephyrus (Rusticus), 243 

ziczac (Notodonta), 10, 41, 111 
zonaria (Nyssia), 118 


NEUROPTERA. 


zenea (Cordulia), 19, 30, 275 

Aschna, 32 

annulatus (Cordulegaster), 31, 32 

arctica (Somatochlora), 31 

armatum (Agrion), 30, 32 

aspersus (Mesophylax), 163 

attenuata (Croce), 263 

cerulea (Aischna), 31 

crerulescens (Orthetrum), 30 

cancellatum (Orthetrum), 32 

cyanea (Aischna), 14, 15, 31, 32, 33, 275 

cyathigerum (Enallagma), 14, 15, 30, 31, 
33, 213, 214, 275 

depressa (Libellula), 15, 275 

dryas (Lestes), 66 

elegans (Ischnura), 14, 33, 213, 257, 275 

elegans, var. infuscans (Ischnura), 213, 
257, 275 

fissa (Micropterna), 163 

flaveolum (Sympetrum), 19, 32, 277 


| 


fusca (Sympycna), 163 

germanica (Panorpa), 16, 67 

germanica, var. borealis (Panorpa), 16 

gigantea (Petalura), 263 

erandis (4ischna), 14, 15, 31, 32, 33, 
275 


| imperator (Anax), 14, 15, 30, 31, 276 


isosceles (Aischna), 32 

juncea (Aischna), 30, 31, 33 

mercuriale (Agrion), 30, 32 

mixta (Adschna), 31 

naias (Krythromma), 213, 257 

nymphula (Pyrrhosoma), 30, 31, 33, 257, 
274 


ES OPHUIB, ate seneatum (Pyrrhosoma), 
3 
pennipes (Platycnemis), 30, 257 


pratense (Brachytron), 275 
puella (Agrion), 14, 15, 30, 33, 213, 257, 
275 


INDEX. 


pulchellum (Agrion), 14, 83, 213, 257 

pumilio (Ischnura), 30, 31, 32 

pumilio, var. aurantiacum (Ischnura), 
30 

quadrimaculata (Libellula), 15, 30, 31, 
33 


radiatus (Halesus), 138 
sanguineum (Sympetrum), 15, 19, 259, 
275, 276 
scoticum (Sympetrum), 19, 30, 31, 32, 
289 


XXVl1 


splendens (Calopteryx), 14, 33, 257 
sponsa (Lestes), 33, 276 


| stagnalis (Holocentropus), 163 


striolatum (Sympetrum), 14, 19, 31, 32, 
33, 276, 277 

tenellum (Pyrrhosoma), 30, 31 

tenellum, var. eneatum (Pyrrhosoma), 
32 

virgo (Calopteryx), 30, 31, 32, 260 

vulgatissimus (Gomphus), 30, 31 

vulgatum (Sympetrum), 17, 19, 32, 277 


ORTHOPTERA. 


Acridium, 95 

wgypticum (Acridium), 22, 141 

albipennis (Apterygida), 259 

americana (Periplaneta), 88 

annulipes (Anisolabis), 54 

arachidis (Apterygida), 54 

auricularia (Forficula), 51, 54, 203 

auricularia var. forcipata (Forficula), 51 

australasiw (Periplaneta), 22, 88 

Bacillus, 74, 147 

bicolor (Stenobothrus), 52, 54 

bipunctatus (Tettix), 52, 53, 55 

Blatta, 91 

brachyptera (Platycleis), 53, 55 

*prauneri (Callimenus), 249, 250, 271, 
272, 273 

burmeisteri (Epilampa), 22 

Callimenus, 248, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 

campestris (Gryllus), 38, 85 

cinereus (Thamnotrizon), 55, 298 

erurifolium (Pulchriphyllum), 73, 163 

cubensis (Blabera), 95 


lesnei (Forficula), 52, 54 

leucogramma (Phoraspis), 92 

livida (Ketobia), 54 

longicollis (Callimenus), 250, 271, 272, 
273 


| macrogaster (Epippiger), 271 


dilatatus (Callimenus), 250, 271, 272, | 


273, 274 
domesticus (Gryllus), 38, 85 
dorsale (Xiphidium), 55 
elegans (Stenobothrus), 22, 52, 54, 255 
fasciatus (Gicanthus), 38, 85 
germanica (Phyllodromia), 88 
grisea (Platycleis), 53 
grossus (Mecostethus), 52, 54 
holosericea (Nyctibora), 88 
inflatus (Callimenus), 271 
lapponica (Ectobia), 54 
latipes (Callimenus), 271, 273 


maculatus (Gomphocerus), 52, 54 

montandoni (Callimenus), 249, 250, 270, 
271, 272, 273 

morio (Chelisoches), 203 

oniscus (Callimenus), 250, 271, 272, 273, 
274 

orientalis (Blatta), 88, 110 

pancici (Callimenus), 251, 271, 272 

panzeri (Kctobia), 54 

parallelus (Stenobothrus), 52, 54, 255 

Phyllium, 73, 147 

punctatissima (Leptophyes), 55 

pyriformis (Eutermes), 263 

restrictus (Callimenus), 249 

roeselii (Chelidoptera { Platycleis]), 255, 
259 

rossi (Bacillus), 299 

rufipes (Stenobothrus), 52 

scythe (Phyllium), 73, 75 

scythe (Phyllium [Pulchriphyllium)), 
163 


succinctum (Acridium), 47 
talpoides (Hemimerus), 140 


| Tryxalis, 85 
| varium (Meconema), 55 


verrucivorus (Decticus), 259 


| virescens (Panchlora), 22 


viridissima (Locusta), 53, 230 


| viridulus (Stenobothrus), 54 


Erratum.—Page 103, line 11, for ‘Italy’ read ‘‘ July.” 


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THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vout. XL] JANUARY, 2907. [No. 524. 


ABERRATIONS OF ACIDALIA MARGINEPUNCTATA 
AND A. SUBSERICHATA. 


By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. 


bo 


A. marginepunctata.—1, typical; 2, aberration. A. subsericeata.—3, typical ; 
, aberration. 


THE very interesting aberrations here figured were both 
captured in North Cornwall, by Mr. G. B. Oliver, of Tettenhall, 
Wolverhampton, during the past summer, and have been ex- 
hibited at the meetings of some of our London societies. The 
specimen of A. marginepunctata, a female taken on July 2nd, 
deposited a very few eggs, and from these three moths were bred 
at the beginning of September, ape darker than the 
typical form, but not really striking; five larve persisted in 
hybernating. The A. subsericeata was “taken on June 26th, and 
seems an absolutely unique aberration of this species, which, 
though somewhat variable, is usually so only within very narrow 
limits. 

A. marginepunctata is well known to be an extremely variable 
species, and dark local races are by no means unknown; but a 
practically black specimen like the one figured, which is darker 
than the photograph represents it, would be an extreme rarity 

ENTOM.—JANUARY, 1907. B 


a 


\ 


2, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


everywhere. Its occurrence in North Cornwall, where the normal 
form (as here also figured), does not seem to be at all exception- 
ally dark, is all the more striking. The only aberration indi- 
cated in Staudinger’s ‘ Catalog’ is a whiter form (ab. pastoraria, 
Joan.). 

It will be observed that the fringes in both cases are paler in 
colour than ip the typical form. 


CURRENT CRITICISM. 
By W. L. Distant. 


Mr. Kirxaupy is to be praised for the industry with which he 
pursues his task as reviewer of current entomology, but accuracy 
is always an advantage, and his last notes in the ‘ Entomo- 
logist ’ (1906, p. 283), so far as they apply to myself, require 
reply. In referring to my ‘Catalogue of the Cicadide,’ he 
writes :—‘‘On p. 146, Cicada angulata, Hagen, is cited as a 
synonym of Tibicen annulatus ; on p. 168 it is given by Distant 
as a synonym of Cicadetta hageni.” This statement is almost a 
suppressio vert! On p. 166 (not 146) I give the synonymy as 
stated, but on p. 168 I am only referring to a species of which 
I have no personal knowledge, among others of a similar descrip- 
tion, separated by a dividing line, and only quoted as probably 
belonging to the genus Melampsalta (not Cicadetta); thus M.? 
hagent. Fieber gives as its synonym part of Hagen’s species— 
** Cicada annulata, Hag. (nee Brullé,’”’) and I therefore could not 
refer to the one without the other. 

Mr. Kirkaldy’s emphatic assertion that ‘‘ Amyot’s monony- 
mics, accepted by Distant, have no place in trinomial nomen- 
clature,” is negatived by their employment by Stal, Karsch, and 
other qualified writers. His further remark, “as is often the 
case with this author, accuracy of dates seems a minor matter,” 
seems to be an expression of Mr. Kirkaldy’s opinion, and there- 
fore concerns nobody but himself. 

Mr. Kirkaldy has also referred to a difference of opinion 
between Dr. Reuter and myself regarding the classification of the 
Capside, which he says, with perfect accuracy, ‘‘ the learned 
Finlander resents.”” He also gives his decision that my groups 
are ‘‘ entirely artificial,” and that Dr. Reuter’s ‘“‘ are based, as 
far as present knowledge permits, on philosophical principles.” 
It therefore seems a little surprising that Mr. Kirkaldy should 
have recently (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1906) proposed his own 
classification of the family, rather than follow that of ‘“‘the 
learned Finlander,” and in which he has proposed a division of 
some twenty-six tribes. It is only fair, however, to Mr. Kirkaldy 
to say that, in a subsequent publication of the same year 


HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED AT BUXA, BHOTAN. 3 


(‘Canadian Entomologist’), he has made some fifty-six correc- 
tions (or, as he describes them, ‘‘ additions and emendations ’’) 
to his paper, and therefore it is an immature publication, 
and one to which probably he does not desire a too serious 
notice, particularly as I observe. among some other matters not 
yet corrected, he has on p. 184 placed the genus Angerianus, 
Dist., in his tribe Cyclapini, while on p. 146 he enumerates the 
same genus under ‘“‘Genera not described so as to admit of 
approximate location.”’ 

I take this opportunity to correct myself. In the homo- 
pterous subfamily Cixiine I proposed (1906) the genus Barma 
for an eastern species, and in which [ said the Cizius finitus, 
Walk., should also be included. Barma, however, must be sup- 
pressed in favour of Borysthenes, Stal (1866), which was de- 
scribed by Stal in his ‘ Hemiptera Africana,’ without type or 
locality being given. But I overlooked the fact that in a subse- 
quent and other publication he gave the C. finitus, Walk., as type 
of his genus, and that, therefore, settles the question. 


ON SOME HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. G. C. 
DUDGEON AT BUXA, BHOTAN. 


By P. Cameron. 


I am indebted to Col. C. T. Bingham for the species described 
in this paper. 


4 TENTHREDINIDA. 
Allantus dudgeont, sp. nov. 


Black ; the clypeus, a spot on the apex of the pronotum, broad at 
the base and incised in the middle there, gradually narrowed towards 
the apex, and broad bands on all the abdominal segments—the bands 
on the second and third narrowed in the middle—ivory white; the 
apical bands darker cream-coloured (perhaps through discoloration) ; 
the coxe below and at the apex above, the four front femora and tibie 
below, the anterior tarsi, except the apices of the joints, and the middle 
tarsi for the greater part below, yellowish white. Wings hyaline, 
highly iridescent; the radial, fore half of cubitals, and the median 
cellules fuscous violaceous; the apex of costa and stigma dark testa- 
ceous, the nervures black; the base of transverse radial nervure run- 
ning almost parallel with the costa, the apex sloped obliquely like the 
fourth transverse cubital nervure. ?. 

The male similar, but with the labrum white like the clypeus, and 
the mark on the apex of pronotum is smaller and triangular, not 
incised at the apex. 

Length, 18 mm., ?; ¢,10 mm. 


4 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Front in the centre behind the ocelli raised, clearly separated by 
curved furrows, and bearing a few large scattered punctures; outside 
the furrows is a smooth space, the rest stoutly, deeply, but not very 
closely punctured. The front is depressed laterally, and deeply irregu- 
larly punctured ; there is no frontal area; the lower part is raised, 
and is closely, distinctly, but not coarsely punctured. Clypeus and 
labrum sparsely punctured ; the apex of the former roundly incised. 
The third joint of the antenne is nearly double the length of the 
fourth. Mesonotum strongly, deeply punctured, except at the apex, 
where the puncturation is much finer and closer; in the centre the 
punctures are larger, and interlace. Scutellum sparsely punctured, 
weakly at the base, stronger towards the apex. Pleure strongly, 
closely punctured; the base of the propleure smooth ; the metapleure 
finely and closely punctured. Abdomen smooth. Temples rounded, 
but not narrowed ; the occiput margined, not quite transverse. The 
head in the female is slightly narrower than the thorax; in the male 
it is almost as wide asit. Except the last, the ventral segments are 
all broadly banded with yellow. At the bottom, below the hind wings, 
is a large horn-shaped pale yellow mark. 


This species has been taken at Sikkim by Col. Bingham. 


BRACONID. 
\/ Iphiaulax bhotanensis, sp. nov. 


Ferruginous ; smooth and shining, sparsely covered with fuscous 
hair, which is longer on the metanotum and base of abdomen; the 
flagellum of antenne black, fuscous at the base; wings yellowish 
hyaline, the stigma and nervures luteous; there is a broad blackish 
cloud, extending obliquely from the costa at the base of stigma to the 
recurrent nervure, 1t occupying the discoidal cellule, except a triangular 
space at base; there is a light fuscous cloud at the apex of both wings, 
that on the anterior reaching to the second transverse cubital nervure, 
and more broadly backwards behind. ¢°. Length, 14 mm.; terebra, 
10 mm. 

Abdomen slightly longer than the head and thorax united, not 
dilated in the middle, as wide as the thorax. There is a distinct 
longitudinal keel in the centre of the first abdominal segment on the 
basal three-fourths, the keel stoutest in the middle ; there is a similar 
keel, triangularly dilated at the base—the triangle longer than it is 
wide at the base—down the middle of second segment, extending close 
to the apex; the suturiform articulation is wide and crenulated ; there 
is a wide, deep, curved depression down the sides of the second seg- 
ment, and a narrower, oblique, clearly defined one on the basal lateral 
half of the third; there is a smooth, distinct, transverse furrow on the 
base of the fourth. Face distinctly but not closely punctured. Temples 
wide, obliquely narrowed, notor hardly rounded; the occiput not quite © 
transverse. Ocellar region distinctly raised. Wings longer than the 
body ; the recurrent nervure is received in the apex of the first cubital 
cellule, not interstitial; the transverse median nervure is not quite 
interstitial, being received shortly beyond the transverse basal. 


HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED AT BUXA, BHOTAN. 


Or 


ICHNEUMONIDA. 
Priirocein tuberculatus, sp. nov. 


Black ; the face, clypeus, except for a small irregular mark in the 
centre of the top above, extending on to the face, and a narrow line on 
its apex, dilated in the middle, and extending on to the margined sides, 
labrum, mandibles except the teeth, palpi, the inner orbits to the 
occiput, the outer more broadly from near the top, where it is nar- 
rowed, below extending on to the malar space; pronotum at the base, 
a line, narrowed behind, on the sides of the middle lobe of mesonotum 
at the base, a transverse mark near the apex of the middle lobe, scutel- 
lum, except fora mark on the base, post-scutellum, scutellar keels, a 
large mark on the apical slope of the metanotum, its apex obliquely 
dilated laterally, the sides of the dilated part oblique, straight; the top 
rounded ; a large mark on the lower part of mesopleure, its basal half 
narrowed and turned upwards, a narrow line on the apex reaching to 
near the bottom from the top, a broad line on the upper three-fourths 
of the apex of the metapleure, bands on the apices of the abdominal 
segments, broad on the basal segments, becoming narrower on the 
apical, especially in the centre; that on the penultimate wider and 
more irregular, and the basal and apical ventral segments broadly, 
pale yellow. Four front legs yellow, the femora fulvous, the apical 
joints of the tarsi black ; the hind coxe black, a large yellow mark on the 
top above, obliquely widened on the inner side, the basal joint of the 
trochanters yellow, streaked with black above, the apical black; the 
femora fulvous, the base very slightly, the apical sixth black; the tibie 
and tarsi yellow, the base of the former narrowly, its apex more 
broadly black, as is also the extreme apex of the last joint of the hind 
tarsi. The sixth to the eleventh joints of the antenne are white, 
except above. Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. 9°. 
Length, 15 mm. ; terebra, 5 mm. 

Face and clypeus distinctly punctured, the latter more closely and 
strongly than the former; its apex transverse, tuberculate in the 
middle, the sides distinctly curled up; the tubercle on the face large, 
longer than wide, narrowed below. Front and vertex smooth, the 
latter slightly punctured in the middle, the former much more dis- 
tinctly and closely punctured in the middle, where there is an indis- 
tinct crenulated furrow. Mesonotum closely but not strongly pune- 
tured ; the scutellum much more coarsely punctured, the post-scutellum 
smooth. Base of metanotum smooth, the part between the base and 
keel closely but not strongly punctured; the apical part closely reticu- 
lated ; the basal keel complete; the apex with a broader keel on the 
sides. Propleurze smooth, the middle and lower apical part closely 
striated; the mesopleure, except at the apex above, closely finely 
punctured; the depression at the base with some stout keels, as has 
also the bordering apical furrow. The metapleure at the spiracles 
finely punctured ; the lower basal part coarsely punctured, the apical 
stoutly, obliquely striated, the striz more or less intermixing. First 
abdominal segment smooth at the base, the dilated part closely but 
not strongly punctured ; in its centre is a large ovate fovea; the second 
is closely, distinctly punctured, the third weakly punctured, the others 
smooth. 


6 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The systematic position of Hadrocryptus is not clear. It has 
the parapsidal furrows, the sternal furrow, and the spiracles on 
the first abdominal segment as in the Cryptine, and the oral 
region is as in that group; on the other hand, the fore legs are 
as in the Xoridini, the tibia being short, thick, and distinctly 
contracted or narrowed at the base. The claws are large and 
curved, the tibiw spinose ; the four hind tibite are curved at the 
base. The transverse median nervure in the hind wings is 
broken below the middle; in the fore wings it is received before 
the transverse basal. The temples are not very broad, and are 
roundly narrowed. Its resemblance to Hchthrus (which has been 
placed by some authors in the Cryptine, by others in the Pim- 
pline, in the tribe Xoridini, fromthe position of the abdominal 
spiracles) is close—perhaps on the whoie closer than with the 
Cryptine. I leave it in that group from the position of the 
abdominal spiracles. To the generic description (Manchr. 
Memoirs, xlvii. (v.), No. 14. p. 11) should be added, ‘‘ Apex of 
clypeus with a minute tooth in the middle.” 


 Cratojoppa cingulata, sp. nov. 


Black; the face, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except at apex, a line 
round the orbit, that on the outer becoming gradually widened below, a 
line on the base, top and bottom of prothorax, two lines, straight on 
the inner, rounded on the outer side on mesonotum, the scutellar 
keels, a line round the sides and apex of scutellum, post-scutellum, a 
mark, dilated to a fine point on the outer side, on the sides of the 
metanotum, a line down the centre of the basal half of metanotum, 
roundly contracted at the base, united below to a large mark covering 
the outer apical area, tle apex dilated on to the edge of the spiracular, 

along which the outer edge is continued, the top of the mark being 

roundly incised; tubercles, sternum, the mark extending on to the 
pleure, the apices of all the abdominal segments, the lines on the 
second and third broader than the others, that on the fourth incised, 
and on the fifth interrupted in the middle—yellow. Four front legs 
yellow, the femora tinged with fulvous, the tibie and tarsi darker 
above; hind coxe and trochanters yellow, the former iargely and 
irregularly marked with black above, the femora reddish fulvous, their 
apical third black ; tibie pale yellow, the apical third black; the tarsi 
white. Antenne broadly ringed with white, the scape white below. 
Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. g¢. Length, 15 mm. 

Face and upper part of clypeus strongly but not closely punctured, 
the front and vertex very smooth and shining. Base and middle of 
mesonotum closely, strongly punctured ; the sides sparsely punctured 
inwardly, outwardly smooth, as is also the whole of the apex. Scutel- 
lum strongly, deeply punctured, except along the edges; post-scutellum 
smooth. Areola smooth at the base, the rest finely, transversely 
striated, punctured along the sides. The lateral basal area with large, 
deep, clearly separated punctures in the centre; the apical lateral 
closely, deeply, strongly punctured ; the apical slope strongly, trans- 
versely striated, the posterior median more closely, regularly, and 


HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED AT BUXA, BHOTAN. yi 


finely than the lateral. Pleurz, except the middle of the pro- and the 
lower apical half of the mesopleure, strongly punctured, the metapleure 
more Closely and strongly than the others. The first abdominal seg- 
ment shining, smooth, except for a few scattered punctures on the 
post-petiole ; the others closely punctured, strongly and closely on the 
second and third, weaker on the others. Disco-cubito nervure broken 
by a short stump; the transverse median received distinctly beyond 
as transverse median ; areolet four-angled ; the nervures meeting in 
ront. 


May be known from C. maculata, Cam., by the bands on the 
abdomen not being separated, but continuous. The differences 
between it and C. robusta, Cam. (which has the abdominal bands 
continuous) may be shown thus :— 


Four front legs rufous, the yellow mark on the lower 

orbits of equal width, the black apical band on the 

hind femora half the length of that on the tibie . robusta. 
Four front legs yellow, the yellow mark on the lower 

outer orbits much narrowed above, the black apical 

band on hind femora as long as that on the tibie . cingulata. 


MA canthojoppa dudgeonw, sp. nov. 


Ferruginous; the antenne from the fifteenth joint, the depression 
at the base of metanotum, posterior median area, and the base of 
metapleure black; the basal part of antenne, the face, orbits, and 
base of mandibles pale yellow; the wings yellowish hyaline, the apex 
from the radius fuscous violaceous, the costa and stigma testaceous, 
the nervures black. @. Length, 18mm. 

Head smooth, sparsely haired; the front in the middle above finely 
striated. Mesonotum alutaceous, finely, closely punctured at the apex. 
Scutellum closely, somewhat strongly punctured, and thickly covered 
with longish fuscous hair; the apex above broadly, roundly incised ; 
the sides smooth, broadly rounded ; the apical slope long, smooth, and 
bare at the apex. Post-scutellum bordered by a stout, rounded, curved 
keel; the base with some strie. Areola large, six-angled, longer than 
its greatest width, its apex rounded inwardly, the base transverse; the 
lateral angle is in the middle; it is stoutly, irregularly, longitudinally 
reticulated ; the basal lateral area stoutly, irregularly punctured, 
except round the edges ; the second closely, stoutly, obliquely reticu- 
lated ; the posterior median area closely, stoutly, transversely striated ; 
the lateral stoutly reticulated; the spiracular area stoutly, obliquely 
striated, the strie# more or less twisted. Propleure closely, finely 
punctured above, below striated, strongly above, finely below; in the 
centre, below the middle, is astout keel; the basal upper half of meso- 
pleure with large clearly separated punctures, the apical upper half 
smooth, the lower part closely, coarsely, rugosely punctured; the 
metapleure closely, strongly, rugosely reticulated. Abdomen smooth ; 
the second and third segments closely punctured, the former more 
strongly than the latter ; ‘the sheaths of ovipositor largely projecting, 
as long as the apical two segments united. ‘The long spur of the hind 
tibie reaches to the middle of metatarsus. The transverse cubital 


8 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


nervures are almost united in front; the disco-cubital nervure is 
broken by a short stump ; the transverse median received beyond the 
basal. 

This species has the wings yellowish hyaline, with a broad 
fuscous violaceous cloud, as in A. nigrolineata, Cam., from 
Assam ; that species may be known from it by the areola not 
being longer than wide, and by the thorax being largely marked 
with black. 

Y Buodias rufo-ornatus, Cam. ~ 

The female of this species has been taken at Buxa, Bhotan. 
In coloration it hardly differs from the male, the only difference 
of note being that there is a small irregular yellow spot in the 
centre of the base of the second abdominal segment. The basal 
half of the hind femora is rufous. In length it is 17 mm., the 
Ovipositor is 6 mm. 

OPHIONINA. 
’ Pamscus longitarsis, Cam. ?. 

A single specimen may be this species. The tarsi unfortu- 
nately are broken. The colour is of a deeper, more uniform 
rufous than it is in normal examples: the ocelli are distorted. 
The nervures are uniformly black, darker coloured than in 
longitarsis. 

FOSSORES. 
Pompilus capitosus, Smith. 


The abdomen in the only example is covered with a purplish 
pile. The clypeus ig yellow, except for a black mark, longer than 
wide, in the middle, its apex not reaching to the end. The four 
posterior spurs are yellow, black atthe base. The second abscissa 
of the radius is twice the length of the third, which is as long as 
the space bounded by the third transverse cubital and the 
second recurrent nervure. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


STENOPTILIA GRAPHODACTYLA, A NEW British PLume.—While collect- 
ing in Hast Dorset during the past summer, I had the good fortune to 
discover the larve of this pretty little moth feeding in the flowers of 
the marsh-gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe), and several of the perfect 
insects were bred. LTalso beat one or two of them from amongst mixed 
herbage, but they seem to be sluggish in their habits, and only fly for 
a short distance after being disturbed. It occurred in boggy places on 
heaths, and, unless the larva feed on other plants, I do not think it is 
likely ever to be very plentiful, as marsh-gentian is excessively local. 
This form of graphodactyla is near to var. pnewmonanthes, Schleich.— 
GervasE I’. Maraew; Dovercourt, Essex, Nov. 22nd, 1906. 


MYELOIS CERATONIZ AND ITS VAR. PRYERELLA.—In an article by Mr. 
South (Hntom. xxii. p. 301) a reference occurs to the effect that 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 9 


M. Ragonot held the opinion that prycrella, which at one time was 
considered a distinct species, was only a bleached form of ceratonia, 
and in this Mr. South concurred. During the winter (1904-5) I found 
at various times odd larve, to the total number of hali a dozen, feed- 
ing in dates purchased in Liverpool. The fruits thus tenanted were 
put on one side, and towards the end of July, 1905, three moths 
emerged, while three of the larve had died, probably through injury 
when the fruit was opened. Later in the year I submitted the imagines 
to Mr. Eustace Bankes, who found them to be as follows: One M. 
ceratonia (type), one var. pryerella, and one intermediate between the 
other two, but approaching pryerella. My object in writing the above 
is to call attention to the fact that pryerella is not a bleached form of 
ceratonia, but a good variety. It does not appear to be necessary for 
the elucidation of this point to do more than mention that the forms 
are—(1) type, grey; (2) pryerella; white, with very slight sprinkling 
of fuscous about the subterminal line on fore wings ; (8) intermediate, 
like 2, but with rather more fuscous scaling. The last two both have 
ochreous suffusion along the costa and nervures of all the wings. Last 
winter, although carefully looked for, no larve were found. There is 
no external evidence of the presence of a larva in the fruit; it is only 
when opening a date to remove the stone that a tenant is detected. 
The larva lies along the stone, and makes no effort to escape ; neither 
does it appear alarmed when suddenly exposed. I hope to be able to 
obtain more material for the study of this interesting species in the 
course of the present winter.—Wwm. Manssrivgx ; Liverpool. 


Larva or Limenrtis sipytta.— Mr. W. J. Lucas’s interesting note 
in the ‘Entomologist’ for December, 1906, on the early stages of 
Limenitis sibylla, brought to my mind W. Miller's elaborate paper, 
« Siidamerikanische Nymphalidenraupen”’ (Zool. Jahrb., Bd. i., 1886, 
pp. 417-678). The author remarks on the habit of many genera allied 
to Limenitis of feeding in the larval condition from the tip of a leaf 
towards the stalk, so as to leave the midrib intact. These genera he 
accordingly groups together as ‘‘ Rippenbanenden”’ (see especially 
pp. 553-561). In Taf. 14, fig. 15, he illustrates, by a striking figure 
of the young larva of a species of dnaa on a partly-eaten leaf of its 
food-plant, the protective resemblance between the larva itself and the 
fragments of leaf still left adhering to the midrib. This seems quite 
comparable with the means of protection employed by the young larva 
of L. sibylla to which attention is drawn by Mr. Lucas.—F. A. Drxzy. 


Tue Maruew Cotrection or British Leprpoprera.—On November 
20th, 1906, the fine collection of British Lepidoptera formed by Pay- 
master-in-Chief G. F. Mathew, was dispersed at Stevens’s. Altogether 
there were 524 lots, realizing a grand total of about £325. The prices 
obtained were fairly good on the whole, but there were some curious 
fluctuations in the bidding, and some of the purchasers must have 
congratulated themselves on the bargains they secured. Five speci- 
mens of Chrysophanus dispar, three males and two females, realized 
just under £10, although one of the females fetched 80/— and the other 
40/-. Two examples of Deilephila euphorbie from Raddon’s collection 
went for 8/-, and eight specimens of D. galii for about 5/— each. An 
example of D. livornica, taken in May, 1906, made a guinea, and one 


10 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of Cherocampa celerio 28/-. Of hybrid ocellatus-populi there were two 
examples, and each of these, together with four S. ocellatus, went for 
20/-. ‘Two yellow varieties of Zygena filipendule sold for 20/-. Arctia 
villica is, as a rule, a fairly constant species, and such a range of 
aberration as that shown in Mr. Mathew’s series is probably rarely 
seen in collections. The specimens numbered eighty-five in all, many 
were exceedingly nice varieties, and some were remarkable examples. 
Two, offered singly, realized 42/- and 65/- each; whilst several pairs 
were disposed of at from 85/— to 85/- per pair. Two lots, each com- 
prising four of the old Cambridge specimens of Lymantria dispar and a 
few aberrations of L. monacha, made 11/- and 15/- respectively. Three 
fine dark forms of L. monacha sold for 28/-, but three others, perhaps 
rather darker, went for rather less than half that sum. A lot of 
twenty-six Malacosoma castrensis, including a nearly white female, 
brought in £3. British specimens of Drepana sicula, of which there 
were four specimens, seemed to be considered worth 10/- or 11/- 
apiece ; but for the other species of Drepana the bidding was not keen. 
Three bred specimens of Cerwra bicuspis from Tilgate Forest made 
52/6, and two fine dark forms of Stawropus fagi 11/-. Hybrids from a 
cross-pairing of Notodonta ziczac g and N. dromedarius 2 sold for 9/-, 
10/-, and 12/- each. ‘Two lots of Leucanias, in which the plums were 
six, and five bred specimens of L. vitellina, made 35/- and 55/- per 
lot; four typical L. albipuncta, with twenty-three examples of other 
species, sold for 10/—; but two lots, including four L. a/hipuncta var. 
rufa in the one, and four var. grisea in the other, yielded 20/- and 
35/-; a variety of L. straminea, with six other specimens of the same 
species and eight L. impura, fetched 12/-, but for a similar lot, in- 
cluding two varieties of L. straminea, the price ran up to two guineas. 
Of L. favicolor no less than sixty-three specimens were offered, chiefly 
in lots of four examples. The types from which Barrett described the 
species sold for 24/-, and the cotype of ab. @nea, Mathew, for 95-; 
three specimens of ab. lutea-typica, ‘Tutt, made 57/6, and other named 
forms sold in lots of four specimens at from 22/— to 50/— per lot. Senta 
maritima, with various named aberrations, and examples of other 
species, went at 21/— a lot. One series of five Taptnostola concolor 
brought in 26/-, and another lot of five 80/-. Batches of six Irish and 
Kentish Nonagria sparganii, with some N. typhe, found buyers at 22/- 
- and 80/-. Some curious forms of the Hydrecia named pa/udis went in 
lots of three dozen or more, at prices varying from 21/- up to 37/6. 
There were several specimens of Hama (Mamestra) abjecta v. variegata, 
which so closely resembles the variegated form of ‘‘ Apamea’’ gemina, 
but we only caught the price obtained in the case of one lot, in which 
there were four examples of the variety; this was 40/-. Hight fine 
specimens of Agrotis hyperborea (alpina) reached 29/-, and three others, 
with a nice variable series of T'@niocampa incerta, went for 11/-. One 
example of Orrhodia erythrocephala from Lewes (ex. coll. 8. Stevens) 
sold for 16/-. For Dianthecia luteago var. barrettii the price was about 
4/— each, and, although eight specimens of Polia nigrocincta (five very 
fine), with other things, went for 12/-, another lot of seven very fine 
nigrocincta alone made 21/-. A lot of Aplectas, in which two examples 
of A. nebulosa var. robsont were included, were sold for 37/6. The sum 
of 85/— was given for a specimen of Crymodes ewulis from Rannoch. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. it 


Bred specimens of Xylomiges conspicillaris from Taunton made about 
5/- each, and others, also bred, but locality not indicated, fetched 1/— 
more per specimen. Eleven shillings was given for one example of 
Xylina conformis from Bathampton. There were six specimens of 
Cucullia gnaphalii, and these made 53/-. Two lots of Plusias, each 
comprising eight specimens of P. bractea, with seven P. chryson, and 
eight P. festuce, were sold for 40/— and 82/6 per lot. Of Catocala 
fraxini there was a specimen from Glynde, Sussex, and for this the 
bidding went up to 47/6. The first known British specimen of Nyssia 
lapponaria was taken about thirty-five years ago, and up to 1896 it 
remained unique. The ten specimens of this species in Mr. Mathew’s 
collection, offered with other things in two lots, brought in 58/—; so 
that 6/— would seem to be the present auction price, whereas the 
original specimen was once sold in the same rooms for the tall price 
of £14. The aberrations of Abraxas grossulariata were numerous. 
Six of the best of these brought in a total of £10 12s. 6d., which in- 
cluded 65/- for one female ab. /utea, 45/- for a male of the same form, 
and 35/- for a specimen of fulvapicata. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


SESIA CULICIFORMIS AND HELIorHIs PELTIGERA IN DorsET.—On June 
4th, 1906, I captured in Berewood, Dorset, nine specimens of Sesia 
culiciformis, and two examples of Heliothis peltigera, and on June 10th 
one further S. culiciformis. The Sesiids came to the blossoms of the 
rhododendron, and visited exclusively the common purple one, although 
there were many plants in full bloom of the beautiful nursery varia- 
tions. They flew almost exclusively during the very hottest sunshine, 
when even the active Argynnis euphrosyne seemed overcome by the 
heat. They were very wary, and I missed the first four that I saw. 
However, after I had got used to the tactics of the insects I caught 
nine out of ten, making a total of fourteen seen. It was quite 
impossible, once they had jumped, to follow them amongst the maze 
of flies, bees, and wasps dancing around the bushes. The one captured 
on the 10th was worn and was, moreover, the only one seen, so pre- 
sumably the brood was over. Of the Heliothis peltigera, one was 
flying at purple bugle, and the other was imprisoned in a rhododen- 
dron flower. The adhesiveness of the pistils, stamens, and stems of 
the rhododendron flower is wonderful, nearly every Sesia culictformis 
was a leg or more short, and H. peltigera lacked the apex of the right 
fore wing, which, when I endeavoured to dislodge the insect, remained 
sticking to the pistil. I found remains of several insects, including 
culiciformis, in the flowers. They had evidently met their death in 
the same way as a house-fly on a ‘fly cemetery’’ I saw a queen 
wasp get stuck, and after repeatedly stinging the pistil she bit it 
through at the base and fell out of the flower to the ground, still 
endeavouring to disengage herself from the pistil. Owing to the 
thickness of the bushes I was unable to see whether the efforts were 
successful. The interest of the capture of Sesia culiciformis lies in the 
fact that I only know of two records for Dorset; one by J. C. Dale in 


12 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


1865, and one by the Rev. F: H. Fisher circa 1894.—W. Parkinson 
Curtis, Poole. 


CH#ROCAMPA CELERIO IN SELKIRKSHIRE.—On October 13th a specimen 
of this fine moth was found by a little girl in Galashiels, and brought 
to her teacher, who sent it to Mr. William Shaw in the same town—an 
enthusiastic botanist and entomologist—for identification. Mr. Shaw 
says the insect is in very fair condition, being only a little rubbed on 
the tip of one wing. He has not heard of it in this country side since 
18738, when his brother took one in Berwickshire.—B. WeEppELL. 


DrIoPEIA PULCHELLA IN IRELAND.—A young cousin of mine caught 
a specimen of D. pulchella on the Ballivane Road, Cork, on October 
24th, between 11 o'clock and noon. He sent it to me in a match-box, 
alive, and it arrived in good condition. I believe this to be a rare and 
valuable moth, and should be much obliged if you can give me any 
information concerning it, as I have not seen one before, and have not 
heard of a British specimen being captured for a good many years.— 
Rose M. Dakin; Frappenhall, Cheshire, November 22nd, 1906. 

[In the ‘ Entomologist,’ vol. xxv. pp. 152-155, the records of 
D, pulchella in Britain are discussed, and a table given, showing the 
years, up to 1892, in which the species occurred in, or was apparently 
absent from, our islands. Since 1892, when about twenty specimens 
were captured, only odd examples have been observed. Of these one 
was taken in July, 1894, one in August of the same year, and one in 
1895. One or two were reported to have been found under exceptional 
circumstances in 1901. The records for 1906, so far, are only three : 
one from Sussex, one from West Cornwall, and one from Cork, 
Ireland. Probably there had been a migratory movement of the 
species last autumn in the direction of the British Isles, but if so, it 
would seem that only a very few individuals effected a landing here.— 
Kp.] 


OccURRENCE OF XANTHIA OCELLARIS, Bkh., 1s Norrorx.—Mr. R. S. 
Smith, Junr., of Downham Market, has recently submitted a Noctuid 
to me for identification. I saw at a glance that it might be X. ocellaris, 
and a reference to Barrett’s ‘ Lepidoptera’ convinced me that I was 
right. This specimen was a male, and in very fine condition. Mr. 
Smith tells me that he captured it in West Norfolk, the first week in 
September of this year. He also states that he has another specimen, 
not in such fine condition, which was taken by himself in the same 
district two years ago. I am aware that this rare species has been 
taken in Suffolk, but I believe this is the first record of its occurrence 
in Norfolk; it will therefore be a very welcome addition to our county 
list —E. A. Armore; King’s Lynn, Norfolk, November, 1906. 


LapHyGMa Exiaua In Drvonsuire. — Six specimens of Laphygma 
exigua (identified by Mr. Rowley, Curator of the Hxeter Museum) were 
taken here, at light, in August last. Four of the examples are in 
bred condition.—J. Port ; 11, Portland Street, Newtown, Exeter. 


HE LIoTHIs ARMIGERA IN CorNwALL: A Correction. —I regret to find 
that in error I recorded Heliothis armigera as observed by me in North 
Cornwall and Corsica, during the past summer (see ‘ Entomologist,’ 
Xxxix. p. 230). I find, on comparing the specimens, which are very 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 13 


worn, with those in my cabinet, that they are undoubtedly 1. peltigera. 
W.S. Suetpon; Youlgreave, South Croydon. 


Levcanta unieuncta In Hampsoire.—On September 12th last I took 
a specimen of L. wnipuncta, Hw. (extranea, Gn.) in good condition, at 
sugar, near the village of Burley, in the New Forest.—A. R. Kipyer ; 
139, Rosendale Road, West Dulwich, S.E., December 17th, 1906. 


T.ZNIOCAMPA STABILIS IN NoveMBER.— While working ivy on Novem- 
ber 21st last, I took a male specimen of the above-named moth.— 
G. B. Conry; The Hall, Batcombe, Somerset. 


OccurRENCE oF SprLosomMA MeNnDIcA In Novemper.—I took a good 
specimen of S. mendica on November 6th last.— H. J. Baker; Winter- 
bonrne, Wain-a-long Road, Salisbury. 


RetarDED EMERGENCE oF Demas coryi1.—On November 17th last 
a fine male D. coryli emerged from the pupa: is not this a very unusual 
occurrence ? I may mention this was not an isolated pupa, but was 
one of a large brood from which the bulk of the imagines emerged 
during the first week in July. — J. B. Morris; 14, Ranelagh Avenue, 
Barnes, November 25th, 1906. 


DasycHIRA PUDIBUNDA EMERGING 1n Autumn.—Out of a large batch 
of ova laid on June 2nd last, by a female of D. pudibunda, L., taken 
in the New Forest, I had about twenty. Twelve of the larve were 
allowed to feed up, and pupated between August 8th and 26th. The 
pupz were placed in an unwarmed conservatory. A female moth 
emerged on September 9th; five males and three females between 
October 1st and 12th; a male on November 8rd; and another on the 
27th. The last pupa is still alive. Pups of several other species are 
being kept in the same boxes; but none have shown any signs of de- 
parting from their normal season of emergence. Several moths, how- 
ever, have been reared by friends from other ova laid by the same 
female, which were not treated exceptionally in any way.—A. R. 
Kipner; 139, Rosendale Road, West Dulwich. 


Puusia MONETA IN CuEsHirE.—lIn the record, Entom. xxxix. p. 291, 
after ‘‘ captured in his house,’’ add ‘‘ at Sale, Cheshire.”’ 


Mierants.—The year 1906 will be famous for the clouds of ants 
which suddenly appeared in this corner of Kent. Apparently they 
stretched or travelled from Deal to Margate, about a dozen miles as 
the crow flies. Hitherto I was rather incredulous about such visita- 
tions, and it is still a mystery to me how these little flies—as ordinary 
people call them, and which were found to be winged ants—can be 
carried miles away from their breeding-place and dumped down in- 
discrimately. Amongst migratory Lepidoptera this season has pro- 
duced little that is noteworthy. Pyrameis cardui has been in evidence 
sparingly, both worn specimens in early summer, and brightly coloured 
ones in September ; but apparently the HKastbourne, &c., migration did 
not reach us. Vanessa io was very scarce; one specimen occurred in- 
doors, in Margate, the first seen for several years; V. polychloros, also 
indoors; this is the first example I have seen in Margate in twenty- 
five years. Colias hyale, one specimen seen and missed, but afterwards 


14 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


captured by some boys; C. edusa, twenty to thirty seen, and some 
captured. Aporia crategi, no longer a migrant, but is probably 
affected by climatic conditions. I captured a battered female miles 
away from the headquarters, but failed to find another specimen. I 
consider the species naturalized. Acherontia atropos, no record this 
season. last year one collector bought and sold over a thousand 
pupe, dug up in Thanet; after their journey by rail the emergences 
were nil. Macroglossa stellatarum: I place this species amongst those 
which come to us from the Continent. This autumn it has turned up 
frequently indoors, and I have some still alive. Nonagria sparganti: 
this species has either invaded my locality, or I have discovered its 
habits.—J. P. Barrerr; St. John’s Villas, Margate. 


Sucarine anp ArmospHertc Conpitions.—My experience of sugaring 
early in September, 1906; leads me to think that atmospheric condi- 
tions, even when the weather appears normal, greatly affect the 
number of moths that come to sugar. I sugared some posts here, as 
soon as the waning moon permitted sufficient darkness, and the catch 
was very insignificant. I set five specimens out of possibly a hundred 
which put in an appearance. As the posts numbered exactly eighty, 
the average was a little over one moth per post. A few days later I 
sugared again, the same mixture, the same quantity; but the posts 
retaining their sweetness I found I had some sugar left, and so 
increased the number of posts to exactly one hundred. In my ento- 
mological career I have had good nights. Once I calculated there 
were 2500 moths on the sugar, but that night in early September of 
1906 easily beat my old record. The moths—about nine-tenths being 
Noctua xanthographa—were very quict on the sugar, in some instances 
very closely packed, and fortunately the ‘‘ skittish”? Yylophasia polyodon 
was nearly over. Occasionally a moth in the centre would startle the 
rest, and they fell off in a patch, but quickly returned. I made a 
careful estimate, although it took me all my time to look for “ plums”’ 
amongst so much ‘ dough.” and I reckon at least five thousand moths 
had a supper at my expense—at least fifty per post. I selected four- 
teen moths out the lot, and these included two very fine Laphygma 
exigua, one Caradrina cubicuiaris, and the rest were mainly N. aantho- 
grapha, Perhaps twenty-five species contributed to the total. Later 
on I sugared again, and on no evening did the total exceed an estimate 
of two hundred and fifty, sometimes falling below one hundred.— 
J. P. Barrerr; St. John’s Villas, Margate. 


Oponata Recorps ror 1906:—Hertrorpsuire— Shenley: Sympe- 
trum striolatum, plentiful in August and September. Anaa imperator, 
male, August 6th. Hschna cyanea, abundant in September. 1. 
grandis, plentiful. Ischnura elegans, abundant; last observed on 
August 29th.  Agrion puella, abundant. EHnallagma cyathigerum, 
abundant. 

BuckincHAMSHIRE— Kton: Afschna cyanea, abundant in September 
and October. Ischnura elegans, very abundant ; first observed on June 
3rd. Calopterya splendens, very abundant; first observed on June 38rd. 
Agrion pulchellum, very abundant ; first observed on May 24th; last 
observed on July 22nd. A. pueila, not very plentiful. Burnham 
Mill-pond: IJschnura elegans, very abundant. <Agrion puella, male, 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. LS 


June 12th. Enallagma cyathigerum, males abundant, females not 
observed. 

BrrxsHirE—Swinley Forest; Ascot: June 23rd, Libellula depressa, 
male (not captured). L. quadrimaculata, male (not captured). Anawx 
imperator, male (not captured). Agrion puelia, plentiful. 

SomERsETSHIRE—Shirehampton (near Bristol), September 15th, 
“Eschna cyanea, female. September 17th, Sympetrum sanguineum, 
males (not captured); 4. cyanea, female; A. grandis, female (not 
captured).—H. R. Speyer; November 27th, 1906. 


Notes on LEepmorrERA REARED DuRING 1906.—From ova deposited 
by a female Angerona prunaria, taken at Bricket Wood, near Watford, 
on June 27th, 1905, I have this year reared a number of specimens. 
The moth laid over three hundred eggs, and the young larv® were 
sleeved on plum. In the autumn I divided the brood, giving part to 
my friend Mr. A. E. Gibbs, of St. Albans. The larve which I retained 
were kept in bags in a shed during the winter, and in the spring part 
of them were sleeved out again, and the others placed in breeding- 
cages, and supplied with plum, birch, and lilac. The first began to 
spin up on May 20th, but some of those in the sleeves out of doors did 
not do so until about June 15th. The dates of emergence of the 
perfect insects were as follow :—June 17th, two males; 18th, one 
male, one female; 19th, three males; 20th, ten males, seven females ; 
21st, sixteen males, thirteen females; 22nd, four males, seven females ; 
23rd, seven males, five females; 24th, three males, four females ; 
25th, one male, six females; 26th, one male, one female; 27th, two 
males, one female; 28th, two females. July 2nd, two females; 4th, 
one female. Of these, twenty-six males and twenty-six females were 
of the type form, and twenty-one males and twenty-five females of the 
banded form (var. corylaria). In addition to these, one male was a 
cripple, and nine more (males) failed to make good their escape from 
the leaves enclosing the cocoons. This was owing, I think, to the 
leaves (plum in most cases) becoming so shrivelled and hard that the 
moth was unable to force a way out. In future I shall remove the 
pup from the cocoons, and put them in moss. Mr. Gibbs bred sixty- 
four moths, nineteen males and eighteen females of the type form, and 
fourteen males and thirteen females of the var. corylaria. The total 
number of imagines obtained from the one brood was one hundred and 
seventy-two. The moths I bred show a certain amount of variation. 
One male of the type form has the ground colour of rather deeper 
orange than usual, and the dark strigulation strongly developed. Two 
males of the var. corylaria form have the band on the hind wings of a 
greyish colour, and some have the orange spot at the apex of the fore 
wings almost wanting, while in others it is so much enlarged that it 
joins the median band. The females of the var. corylaria form vary 
somewhat in the depth of the colour of the dark border, and also in 
the size of the yellow spot at the apex of the primaries, but the latter 
does not join the median band in any of the specimens. 

In May, Mr. Gibbs gave me some ova of Nyssa lapponaria, laid on 
April 21st and 22nd by a female from the Rannoch district. They 
began to hatch on May 20th, and were all out by the 28rd. The eggs 
are bright green when laid, and turn a beautiful steel-blue colour 


16 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


before hatching. I started them on birch, but in spite of every care 
they rapidly dwindled in numbers. Later I sleeved some on apple, 
but only a few fed up properly. In the end I have but fifteen pupe 
from over two hundred eggs. 

On May 6th I joined Mr. A. L. Rayward in the morning at Box- 
hill to beat for Boarmia abietaria larve, but we soon discovered from 
the battered appearance of the trees that we had been forestalled by 
someone evidently possessed of a strong arm and thick stick. On 
comparing notes at the end of four hours’ continuous work, we found 
we had just a dozen larve apiece, and a few of other species. Lithosia 
deplana larvee were beaten in some number, but we did not take many, 
as it is almost impossible to breed the moths when the larve are taken 
young. We subsequently beat a few juniper-bushes, and secured a lot 
of Hupithecia sobrinata larve. These soon spun up in moss, and the 
moths emerged from July 27th onwards. 

I was rather anxious to rear Huchloé cardamines from the egg, and 
caught a female at St. Albans on May 18th. ‘This I placed in a cage 
with some hedge-mustard, and kept in the sun. The butterfly did not 
begin to lay till the 19th, and then only a few eggs were deposited. 
The first hatched on the 24th, and the others shortly after. They 
began feeding well, but, owing to cannibalism or some other cause, 
only one reached the pupa state on June 24th. 

On June 3rd, in the Wye Valley, I found about forty Teniocampa 
miniosa larvee on a twig of oak. They were then half an inch long, 
and fed up very rapidly on oak, commencing to pupate on June 19th. 
On June 4th, in the same locality, I took about twenty larvee of Sylepta 
(Botys) ruralis from a bed of nettles. These all pupated in a few days. 
The pupa is five-eighths of an inch long, slender, very shiny black, 
abdomen pointed, The moths began to emerge July 8rd. 

The moths resulting from the Boarmia abietaria larvee mentioned ~ 
above emerged between June 24th and the middle of July—two males 
and six females, nearly all of a very dark form. 

Several of the Tseniocampidze were reared from the egg to the 
pupa state, but failures were experienced with JMelanippe hastata, 
Ephyra punctaria, Epione advenaria, and others.x—Putmie J. Barraup; 
Bushey Heath, Herts. 


SOCIETIES. 


Kintomoxoeicat Society or Lonpon. — Wednesday, November 7th, - 
1906.—Mr. F. Merrifield, President, in the chair.—Mr. Gerard H. 
Gurney, Keswick Hall, Norwich; Mr. Harold Armstrong Fry, P.O. 
Box 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal Colony; Mr. Frederick Albert 
Mitchell-Hedges, 42; Kensington Park Gardens, London, W.; Mr. 
Gordon Merriman, Trinity Hall, Cambridge; Mr. Percy A. H. 
Muschamp, 20, Chemin des Asters, Geneva; and Mr. Oswin 8. 
Wickar, Crescent Cottage, Cambridge Place, Colombo, Ceylon, were 
elected fellows of the Society.—Mr. H. J. Lucas exhibited a photograph 
of Panorpa germanica, practically immaculate, taken at Tongue, 
Sutherlandshire, and a typical form for comparison, corresponding 
apparently to the borealis of Stephens. He also showed a series of 


SOCIETIES. Ly 


other members of the genus to illustrate the range of spotting on the 
wings of both sexes.—Mr. G. C. Champion showed a long series of a 
Henicopus (probably H. spiniger, Duval), from El Barco, Galicia, Spain, 
to demonstrate the dimorphism of the females.—Mr. H. St. J. 
Donisthorpe exhibited seven specimens of Prionocyphon serricornis, 
Miill., bred from larve taken in the New Forest in July, living larve, 
and a larva and pupa figured, of the same, and read a note on the 
species.—Dr. T.. A. Chapman brought for exhibition a collection of 
butterflies, made in Galicia (lat. 42° 16’ N., long. 6° 44’ W.) last July, 
including (a) specimens of Lycena idas, hitherto reported only from 
the Sierra Nevada, and therefore a surprise in the extreme north-west. 
It occurred at an elevation of 4500 to 5000 feet, and only where there 
grew a species of Hrodium, with extremely large handsome flowers ; 
(b) specimens of L. argus (@gon) from the same district, which though 
‘close to the vars. hypochiona and bejarensis, differed in a certain propor- 
tion of the specimens presenting the red of the marginal ‘ peacock 
eyes’? on the upper surface of the hind wings of the males.—The Hon. 
N. C. Rothschild exhibited branches of Vibwrnwn lantana showing the 
mines of Sesia (Egeria) andreniformis, now discovered by him as the 
food-plant of the species in Britain for the first time.—Mr. EK. Dukin- 
field Jones exhibited two species of the genus Molipa, bred from Bra- 
zilian larvee which were identical in form. He also showed photographs 
of the larve in situu—Mr. F. A. Dixey exhibited specimens of Pierine 
butterflies, selected to illustrate the various conditions under which 
pigment might be replaced by black. He said that in his opinion 
melanism, though it might arise as a sport or as a variation, owed its 
establishment and increase to the principle of selective adaptation.— 
The President mentioned a bug, which Mr. Cecil Floersheim had 
found very destructive to the eggs of Papilio machaon and P. asterias, 
as a remarkable instance of a species of carnivorous Heterotoma. 
Wednesday, November 21st.—Mr. F. Merrifield, President, in the 
chair.—The Secretary read the list of fellows nominated to serve as 
officers and other members of the Council for the session of 1907-8.— 
Mr. Walter E. Collinge, M.Sc., of 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham, 
and Mr. H. S. A. Guinness, of Balliol College, Oxford, were elected 
Fellows of the Society.—Mr. H. W. Andrews exhibited specimens of 
Odontomyia angulata, Pz., from the Norfolk Broads, a species few 
captures of which have been recorded of recent years, and Icterica 
westermanni, Mg., a rare Trypetid, taken by him in the New Forest.— 
Dr. F. A. Dixey showed specimens of South African Pierine demon- 
strating that the wet-season form of Teracolus reyina, Trim., was in 
mimetic association with an undescribed species of Belenois, inter- 
mediate between B. calypso and B. thysa. — Mr. W. J. Lucas ex- 
hibited, on behalf of Messrs. H. and F. Campion, a male specimen of 
Sympetrum vulgatum taken in Epping Forest on the 4th September 
last, of which species only three other authentic British specimens are 
known.—Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a short series of Tortrix pronubana, 
Hb., including both sexes, which ‘he’ had reared from larve and pupe 
collected from Euonymus at Eastbourne in September last. The only 
previous records for the species in Britain are single male examples 
captured at Eastbourne and at Bognor respectively in the autumn 


ENTOM.—JANUARY, 1907. C 


18 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of 1905.—Dr. T, A. Chapman exhibited a long series of Cenonympha 
mathewt, Tutt, from different places in the north-west region of 
Spain (Galicia), and gave it as his opinion that it must be regarded 
as a geographical or subspecific variety of C. dorus, and not a 
fully established species.—Professor HK. B. Poulton, F.R.S., commu- 
nicated ‘“‘A Permanent Record of British Moths in their Natural 
Attitudes of Rest,” and ‘‘ Further Notes on the Choice of a Resting- 
site by Pieris rape,” by Mr. A. H. Hamm; Mr. R. Shelford, M.A., 
F.L.S., ‘‘ Studies of the Blattide,’’; the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, 
‘‘Notes on the Life History of Sesia andreniformis, Lasp.,” and Mr. 
Hubert W. Simmonds, ‘‘ Notes on an Unusual Emergence of Chryso- 
phanus salustius in New Zealand.” 

Wednesday, December 5th.—Myr. F. Merrifield, President, in the 
chair.—The Hon. Secretary announced that the Halliday correspond- 
ence had been presented to the Society by Dr. EH. Percival Wright, of 
Trinity College, Dublin.—Mr. H. C. Pratt, Government Entomologist, 
Federated Malay States, Kuala Lumpur; Capt. H. J. Walton, M.B., 
F.R.C.S., Indian Medical Service; Mr. Arthur Ernest Gibbs, F.L.S., 
Kitchener’s Meads, St. Albans; Capt. James Bruce Gregorie-Tulloch, 
King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry; Mr. John Ashburner Nix, 
Tileate, Sussex; Mr. Herbert W. Southcombe, J.P., 16, Stanford 
Avenue, Brighton, and Mr. Roland EK. Turner, 21, Emperors Gate, 
N.W., were elected Fellows of the Society—Mr. A. W. Bacot 
exhibited a specimen of Catocala nupta, taken at rest at Hackney, 
November 9th, 1906, remarkable for having two well developed tarsi 
on the left fore-leg. Also three female specimens of Lastocampa 
guercus, Li., bred from larve from Cornwall in 1906. One of these 
larvee had been submitted to a pressure of from seventeen to thirty 
atmospheres (405 to 450 lb. per square inch) on two occasions; a 
pressure which had proved fatal at once to a frog, used as a control 
experiment. A discussion followed in which Dr. F. A. Dixey, Dr. 
Greenwood, and other Fellows joined.—Dr. T. A. Chapman—who 
exhibited a long series of Hastula hyerana, Mill., bred this year from 
larvee collected at Hyéres, and a diagrammatic map of the neighbour- 
hood, to explain the distribution of the species in that area—pointed out 
that there were two colonies of H. hyerana, in one of which the melanic 
specimens were three times as numerous as in the other.—Dr. i. A. Dixey 
exhibited specimens of T'eracolus omphale, Godt., bred by Mr. G. A. K. 
Marshall. The exhibit showed that under arranged conditions of mois- 
ture and warmth the wet-season phase might be artificially induced.— 
Mr. L. B. Prout read a paper entitled ‘* Xanthorhoé ferrugata, Clerck, 
and the Mendelian Hypothesis.”—Dr. F. A. Dixey communicated a 
paper ‘‘On the Diaposematic Resemblance between Huphina corva, 
Wallace, and Ivias baliensis, Fruhst.’”,—H. Rownanp-Brown, M.A.. Hon. 
Secretary. 


Tue Sourn Lonpon Entromonoeican AnD Naturau History Society. 
—November 8th, 1906.— Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the 
chair.—Messrs. Harrison and Main exhibited bred variable series of 
(1) Tethea subtusa, from Fermanagh, and (2) Numeria pulveraria, from 
various localities, and pointed out the characteristic forms prevailing 
in each, — Mr. Newman, (1) Anthrocera (Zygena) purpuralis (minos), 


SOCIETIES. 19 


from North Wales; (2) a dwarf example of A. eaulans; (3) a pale A. 
Jilipendul@ ; and (4) a very variable series of Chrysophanus (Rumicia) 
phleas, the pick of some three thousand third brood specimens passed 
through the net at Bexley.—Mr. Moore, a specimen of Vanessa (Aglais) 
urtice very nearly approaching var. polaris.—Mr, Goulton, a specimen 
of the rare Heliothis armigera taken at light at Sutton, and a series of 
Sesia (Afgeria) myopeformis from the same locality.— Mr. Edwards, 
some large species of Coleoptera from Sierra Leone.—Mr. Rayward, 
ova of Thecla (Strymon) w-album found in situ on bark and twigs of 
wych elm. — Mr, R. Adkin, a series of Scoparia dubitalis, from Kast- 
bourne, including some exceedingly pale forms, together with a similar 
pale example from the Barrett collection, and read notes on this 
local race. 

November 22nd, 1906. — The President in the chair. — A Special 
Exhibition of Varieties—Mr. South exhibited the large Chinese var. 
chinensis of Vanessa urtice to compare with the very small V. wrtice ab. 
urticoides bred from larve fed on hop.—Mr. Lucas, for Messrs. F. W. 
and H. Campion, (1) a male of the very rare dragonfly Sympetrum 
vulgatum ; (2) a series of S. flaveolum, including a female; and (8) a 
series of Cordulia enea—all were taken in Epping Forest. — Messrs. 
Harrison and Main, (1) a brood of Pieris brassice, including examples 
of the female, in which the two discal spots on both upper and under 
sides were more or less united into a band; (2) series of Aplecta 
nebulosa, from Delamere, Epping, and New Forests for comparison ; 
(83) bred series of Tephrosia biundularia from the New Forest and from 
Delamere—the former light, the latter dark and intermediate ; (4) bred 
examples of Dianthecia casia from the Isle of Man; (5) Acronycta alne 
from the New Forest.—Mr. Kaye, a captured specimen of Apatura tris 
from the New Forest, measuring 311 in. in expanse, much larger than 
any bred specimen.—Mr. Dobson, four species of the genus Sympetrum 
taken in one place in Surrey on September 8rd—S. striolatum, S. 
flaveolum, S. sanguineum, and 8S. scoticum; he also showed series of 
sixteen species of bees of the genus Bombus. — Mr. G. B. Brown, his 
captures during a ten days’ holiday at Deal in late July, including 
Lithosia lutarelia (pygmeola), Calamia phragmitidis, Agrotis tritict, Kre- 
mobia ochroleuca, Dianthecia cucubali, &e.—Mr. P. J. Barraud, a series 
of dark and intermediate forms of Xylophasia monoglyyha from St. 
Bees, Cumberland. — Mr. South, a short series of unusually large 
examples of Dichrorampha flavidorsana from his garden, and read notes 
on its distinctness and occurrence.—Mr. Tonge, the Lepidoptera taken 
by him on the Suffolk coast in July, including Trochilium apiformis, 
Mamestra abjecta, Leucania straminea, Senta maritima, Acidalia emutaria, 
&c., together with a series of admirable photographs of the natural 
resting positions of numerous species of butterflies and moths. — Mr. 
Goulton, varied series of Oporabia diiutata, Melanthia ocellata, and 
Ypsipetes sordidata (elutata), from Ranmore Common, the last com- 
prising black, banded, green, wainscot, and other forms.—Mr. Lucas, 
S. vulgatum, males, from Richmond Park and from Denmark, and also 
drawings of the male genitalia of S. striolatwm and S. vulgatum, as well 
as photo-micrographs of the former male. — Mr. Chittenden, melanic 
Larentia multistrigaria, from York, dark Hadena adusta, from Rannoch, 
dark Ypsipetes impluviata, from Arran, &e.—Mr. Clark, the ichneumon, 


20 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ophion luteum, taken on November 21st.— Mr. R. Adkin, a series of 
Tortrix pronubana reared from larvee collected at Eastbourne from 
euonymus in September last, only two specimens having been obtained 
previously in this country; he also showed an asymmetrical specimen 
of Macroglossa stellatarum, the transverse lines of the left fore wing 
uniting into an irregular patch.— Mr. Sich, two imagines, with cases, 
of what he thought were Coleophora milvipennis; and also German ex- 
amples of Valeria oleagina, Catephia alchymista, &&¢. — Dr. Chapman, 
(1) a long series of a new species of Cenonympha from Galicia, Spain, 
viz., C. mathewt, closely allied to C. dorus; (2) a series of Lycena idas ; 
(3) a series of L. egon with red on the hind margin of the hind wings; 
(4) a number of Hrebia palarica—all three species from Galicia; and 
(5) a representative exhibit of Hastula hyerana and its forms from 
Hyéres. — Mr. T. W. Hall, white blotched varieties of Arctia villica 
and a Hupithecia showing the characters of both £. minutata and EH. 
assimilata. — Dr. Hodson, (1) Lycena (Agriades) corydon with light 
outer margins; (2) Lycena (Polyommatus) icarus with large blotches 
of black replacing the orange on the under side of the hind wings; 
(3) Lycena (Aricta) agestis with the markings along the outer margins 
conspicuously wedge-shaped. — Mr. Garland, for Mr. Pickett, (1) a 
gynandrous example of Anyerona prunaria; (2) a specimen of Hmaturga 
atomaria with six wings; (8) a long series of Hemerophila abruptaria 
showing many melanic forms ; (4) fine aberrations of Lycena (Agriades) 
corydon from Dover this year; (5) a light specimen of Melitea cinxia ; 
and (6) a very pale Pararge egeria. — Mr. West, Greenwich, cabinet- 
drawers containing his collection of British Chrysomelide, Hndony- 
chide, Cogcinellide, &c.— Mr. Gadge, a wire arrangement to affix to 
flower-pots for breeding purposes, which could be folded up when not 
in use. —Mr. West, of Ashstead, exhibited under the microscope 
curious Y-shaped scales of Pseudopontia paradowa, received from Mr. 
Moore.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Report. Sec. 


Crry or Lonpon Enromonoeican and Naturat History Socrety.— 
Oct. 16th, 1906.—Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited a series of Pterophorus 
brachydactylus, bred, 1906, from ova laid by imagines bred from larve 
taken in Switzerland in May, 1905.—Mr. J. A. Clark, melanic 
N. wanthographa, from Dalnaird Bridge. — Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor, 
Cenonympha davus, the type from Aberdeen, and var. rothliebii, from 
Witherslack and Penryth—Mr. G. H. Heath, Anchocelis lunosa, 
varying from dark brown to sand-coloured specimens, Sandown, Isle 
of Wight.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodson, Huchloé cardamines, male, with 
orange tip broken up into alternate stripes of orange-yellow.—Mr: 
L. W. Newman, dgrotis obelisca, Aporophyla australis, Anchocelis lunosa, 
Laphygma exiyua, Bryophila (Jaspidia) muralis, and Lycena corydon, taken 
at Sandown, Isle of Wight, September 8th to 16th. L. eaigua showed 
considerable variation in ground colour.—Mr. L. B. Prout, Polia xantho- 
mista, from Bude. — Mr. V. E. Shaw, full-fed larvee of L. exigua; also 
bred Ellopia fasciaria, from Tyne Valley, some specimens being darker 
than the usual Southern form. — Mr. Alfred Sich, Heliothis peltigera, 
bred from Dorset ovum, the imago having emerged within forty-two 
days of the hatching of the larva.—Mr. H. E. Tautz, L. ewiqua, taken 
at Pinner.—Mr. A. J. Willsdon, melanic 7’. canthina, bred ab ovo from 


SOCIETIES. . 21 


New Forest; also series of Orthosia upsilon, Miselia oxyacanthe, Tenio- 
campa instabilis, and 7’. opima, from Epping, the latter including very 
dark specimens.—Mr. Prout stated that larve of L, exigua, kept i in a 
warm room, had pupated twenty days after emergence from the eg 

November 6th.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson exhibited Thera jiniiernte 
from Surrey, and a long series of Lycena egon from Witherslack and 
Ashdown Forest, including an almost grey male, and several aberrant 
under sides.—Mr. G. H. Heath, Heliothis peltigera, Sandown, Septem- 
ber, 1906, and Hadena proteus, closely resembling Newman’s third 
figure, from same locality.—Mr. L. W. Newman, a long series of 
Chrysophanus (Polyommatus) phiwas, Bexley, September and October, 
1906, including a golden-coloured specimen, several intermediates be- 
tween this form.and type, and examples of striated, brick-red, and 
almost white under sides.—Mr. V. EK. Shaw, dAsthena blomert from 
Chalfont Road, June, 1906.—The evening was devoted to the exhibi- 
tion and exchange of members’ duplicates. 

November 20th. — Messrs. L. A. EK. Sabine and H. B. Whitehouse 
were elected members of the Society. — Mr. S. J. Bell exhibited two 
broods of Hemerophila abruptaria, bred from pupe received from Mr. EH. 
Harris. Brood A, from light female and dark male ex light female and. 
dark male, yielded 80 per cent. dark and 20 per cent. light; brood Bb, 
from dark female and male ex dark female and light male, yielded 
96 per cent. dark and 4 per cent. light. Brood A consisted of 48 per 
cent. male and 52 per cent. female, but in brood B there were 66 per 
cent. female and only 34 per cent. male. In over one hundred speci- 
mens shown there was nothing approaching to an intermediate form. 
—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, nine Hpunda lutulenta, the only examples of 
the grey form found among some two hundred specimens taken at 
Mucking. — Mr. J. A. Clark, Agrotis ashworthii, North Wales, August, 
1906; and series of H. abruptaria, including a gynandromorphous 
specimen.—Mr. G. R. Garland, on behalf of Mr. Pickett, long series 
of bred H. abruptaria—first, second, and third broods of type, and dark 
forms from Clapton, including a small slate-coloured male.—Mr. G. H. 
Heath, Cerastis spadicea, Sandown, October, 1906, with pale submar- 
ginal line strongly marked. — Mr. L. W. Newman, Zygena minos from 
North Wales and Oban, June, 1908; also a Zygena taken at Oban at 
the same time, having six spots on fore wings, but with the fluffy body 
characteristic of 7. minos.—Mr. L. B. Prout, aberrations of Aporophylla 
australis, Sandown, September, 1906, including strongly marked males 
and female of rare ab. ingenua; also six examples of Acidalia immorata, 
bred as a partial second brood from Lewes ova.—Mr. V. HE. Shaw, long 
series of H. abruptaria from Holloway, Clapton, and Bexley. including 
many dark specimens.—In the course of a discussion on H. abruptaria 
it was made evident that the dark form had long been known in the 
Clapton district, where Mr. E. Harris took the female from which 
most of the dark specimens exhibited were descended, and that this 
form was apparently gaining ground there.—S. G. Bex, Hon. Sec. 


LaNncASHIRE AND CHeEsHIRE EntomotogicaL Sociery.—The usual 
monthly meeting of this Society was held at the Royal Institution, 
Liverpool, on November 19th, 1906, Mr. R. Wilding, Vice-President, 
in the chair.—A paper was communicated by Mr. J. Collins, of Oxford, 


22, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


embodying his observations upon the habits of Sitaris muralis, a beetle 
associated with the mason bee, Anthrophora pilipes, with specimens of 
both taken near Oxford in illustration of the paper. Mr. Collins also 
sent for exhibition the beetles, Apion astragali, A. sanguineum P. 
4-pustulatus, and Lebia chlorocephala, as well as the Tortrix Stigmonota 
pallifrontana. — Mr. W. Mansbridge read a paper entitled, ‘‘ Notes on 
a melanic race of dgrotis ashworthti,’’ and exhibited a long series of 
moths bred in 1905, in illustration of his remarks; .a discussion 
ensued, and, in further illustration, Mr. F..N. Pierce exhibited A. 
candelarum together with microscopic preparations of the genitalia of 
both insects, and Dr. Bell showed the preserved larva of A. ashworthit. 
Mr. Mansbridge discussed the evidence for and against the view that 
ashworthii and candelarum are the same species, and suggested 
the name substriata to distinguish the new form. ‘The opinion of the 
meeting was to the effect that more evidence of identity was required, 
especially as regards early stages and structural detail of candelarum, 
Other exhibitors were Mr. W..A. Tyerman, a box of Lepidoptera 
including Pygera pigra from Ireland, Hupithecia isogrammaria and 
Plusia festuce from Lathone; Noctua stigmatica and N. glareosa ; one of 
the latter a very rosy specimen, from N. Wales; Acronycta leporina 
var. melanocephala, Notodonta dromedarius and Pheosia dictwoides from 
Kirby, Lancashire.—Mr. R. Wilding, specimens of the coleopteron 
Amara anthobia from tbe Liverpool district. — Mr. E. J. B. Sopp, 
the scarce cockroach Hpilampa burmeister, taken in the Manchester 
Docks, and identified by Mr. R. Shelford; Panchlora virescens from the 
Manchester Docks, Hoylake, and Warrington; Acridium cegypticum 
from Birkdale ; Mr. Copp also showed, on behalf of Mr. W. J. Lucas, 
the scarce Stenobothrus elegans from the New Forest, and, on behalf of 
Mr. W. Ki. Sharp, a nymph of the cockroach Periplaneta australasia 
from Brockenhurst. — H. R. Sweeting and Wicu1am ManssrinGe, 
Hon. Secs. 


BirmincHam EnromouoeicaL Socirety.—October 15th, 1906.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair.—Mr. G. T. Fountain 
showed living larve and imagines of Hadena unanimis, Tr., found on 
the canal bank at Marston Green and also at Karlswood, at both of 
which places they were abundant.—Mr. E. C. Rossiter remarked that 
he had recently come across two broods of Smerinthus populi, L., one 
of which occurred on common poplar, and the whole brood was of the 
dark variety of the larva, and the other brood was upon an aspen with 
whitish under sides to its leaves, and all the larvee belonged to the light 
form. Mr. 8. H. Kenrick said that he had found both forms together 
on the common poplar.—Mr. §. H. Kenrick showed some Lepidoptera 
taken on the Cotswolds during a visit at the last Bank holiday, including 
Lycena corydon, Poda, Drepana cultraria, F., Boarmia abietaria, Hb., 
and Psamotis (Botys) hyalinalis, Hb, He also showed a number of Lyce- 
nide from Java and the Malay Archipelago.—Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker 
showed various Lepidoptera, from Devonshire, taken in July. While 
there, he had very carefully observed Satyrus semele ovipositing, with 
the result that he detected that the eggs were never laid on fresh 
green grass stems, but near the top of the stump of grass of the 
previous season.—Mr. Simkins, various Lepidoptera, including a fine 


RECENT LITERATURE. 23 


series of Gastropacha quercifolia, L., bred from Surrey ova.—Mr. 
W. Harrison, Cerura furcula, Cl., bred from larve obtained near 
Sandwell Park.—Cotsran J. Wainwricut, Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Kighteenth Annual Report of the Delegates of the University Museum 
(for 1905). 90 pp. 


Amone the other Reports contained in this volume is that of the 
Hope Professor of Zoology, Edward B. Poulton, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S. 
From this we gather that the number of specimens of all Orders comprised 
in the Insect Collection is nearly 500,000. From a census taken by 
Commander J. J. Walker in 1904, Lepidoptera exhibited a total of 
112,149, and Coleoptera 194,434; in 1905 he cast the number of 
insects in the other Orders at 134,075. It will be seen then that the 
Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum possesses an 
exceedingly large amount of entomological material, and it is evident 
that during the year 1905 the Professor and his staff have made very 
considerable progress in the work of preparing, cataloguing, and 
arranging this material so as to render it available for study. Besides 
much other important work that has been accomplished, or in hand, 
is the revision and arrangement of the Orthoptera by Mr. R. Shelford, 
who has completed the Blattide, and is now dealing with the other 
groups. Mr. Hamilton H. Druce has named the Lycenide, and the 
arrangement of the butterflies, as a whole, is nearly finished, the 
Papilionine and Hesperide only awaiting attention. As the Professor 
points out, however, ‘‘ while one part is being arranged the others are 
rapidly growing, so that a certain amount of adjustment and re- 
arrangement will always be necessary.” 


Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera.* By G. T. Porrirt, F.Z.S. 


Metanism in Lepidoptera is a subject upon which much has been 
said and written, and many theories have been put forward as to the 
how and wherefore ; but, as Mr. Porritt most justly remarked, ‘‘ we 
really know very little about it.” He had no definite theory of his 
own to advance, but he detailed a large amount of information con- 
cerning a great number of species, which in Yorkshire, and parts of 
‘Lancashire, are melanic, or exhibit a tendency to become so. Referring 
to var. doubledayaria, the black form of Amphidasys betularia, he said that 
in the South-west Riding this had become the dominant form of the 
species, and in the same area the typical form was now quite rare. ‘It 
is most curious, too, that in this species the black form appears to 
have developed suddenly, i. ¢., it was not a gradual darkening, as no 
intermediates were noticed in a wild state.”’ 


* Paper read before the Zoological Section, and printed in the Report of 
the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Section D. York 
1906, 


24 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Besides the species just adverted to, there are now in Yorkshire at 
least thirty others ‘‘ in which melanism has become so strongly 
developed that in various districts—chiefly in the south-west—black 
or nearly black specimens of species, which in other districts are pale, 
are now regularly obtained.” As regards eight or nine of these me- 
lanism is not of recent development, but in the case of the remainder 
‘« dark specimens have largely increased in numbers during the collect- 
ing experience of our present-day lepidopterists.”’ 

In the matter of hereditary transmission, Mr. Porritt gives some 
interesting illustrations. In 1904 he reared nine moths from a few 
eggs deposited by a black female Odontopera bidentata. Six of these 
were black like the female parent, and the other three of the ordinary 
form. ‘‘ From the black moths in the followimg year. 1905,” he 
states, ‘‘I reared a very large brood, about 75 per cent. of which were 
black; and from these again this year [1906] I bred a considerable 
number, of which the percentage of black was still greater.”’ 

Larentia multistrigaria is stated to be fast becoming entirely melanic 
in certain districts in Yorkshire, and it has been found by experiment 
that three generations reared in captivity have almost entirely elimi- 
nated the typical form of this species; among seventy specimens 
reared in the spring of 1906 there were only five or six pale ones. 

Again,.a male and a female of the largely black variety of Abrawas 
grossulariata, known as ab. varleyata, were reared from collected larve. 
These paired, ova were obtained, and from them a large brood of the 
moth was reared, all of the parent form, i.e. varleyata, and in no 
instance was any tendency shown ofa return to the ordinary or any other 
form of the species. In the few localities known to yield ab. varleyata, 
specimens of the variety ‘‘ reared by collectors only average about 
three for every thousand larve’’; thus the chances of the sexes of the 
variety pairing in a wild state are exeeedingly slender. 

Mr. Porritt also points out that, although melanism affects certain 
species in South-west Yorkshire, other species occurring in the same 
area, and of which there are melanic forms in other parts of Britain, 
are in the district he deals with either normal or exhibit a tendency to 
leucochroism. In this connection he instances Ciduria suffumata, 
among other species. Of C. suffumata, the dark form piceata, which is 
common in Scotland, and also occurs in North Yorkshire, is scarcely 
known at all to the collectors in the melanic area of South-west York- 
shire. The species as it occurs there would seem to be becoming paler 
and generally modified in the direction of the variety, with pale clear 
ground and dark band, known as the ‘‘ Dover form.” 

There is very much more in this exceedingly interesting paper to 
which we should like to refer, but our readers no doubt will make a 
point of perusing it themselves. They will find it much to their 
advantage to do so. 


The Entomologist, February, 1907. Plate Ie 


HYPSA (upper sives) 4% nat.size. 


BAUNANNIANA 3 


SUBRETRACTA & ee DURBAN MTUSEUPT. 


COLL.71 4 1. 
4 


CONSPICUA 9 
COLL. 791H/ 


se 


SUBRETRACTA 9 
COLL. 11H 1 


CONSPICUA 9 
COLL. PI/W 7 


Near BAUMANN IANA & 


COLL. PItHt 
3 


CATERPILLAR 
FULL GC ROowWW 


EEN POMOLOGLIST 


Vou. XL. FEBRUARY, 1907. [No. 525. 


ARE HYPSA BAUMANNIANA AND H. CONSPICUA 
VARIETIES OF H. SUBRETRACTA ? 


By H. von Fretser BEREeNsBereG. 
(Office of the Government Entomologist, Pietermaritzburg, Natal.) 


(Puate I.) 


Durine the summer of 1903 I found a number of caterpillars, 
then quite unknown to me, feeding upon the leaves of a culti- 
vated fig-tree in my garden in Pietermaritzburg. I collected 
them all—a batch of about twenty—from the one tree, and at 
the time had no doubt in my mind that not only were all the 
caterpillars identical, but also, from their even size, of the one 
brood. There were many other fig-trees growing in the garden 
close by, but there were no caterpillars on these trees, neither 
then nor later in the season. 

Being then in the service of the Railway Construction 
Department and frequently away from home, I was unable to 
make any notes upon the larval stage, which was seen through 
by my wife, who fed the insects daily upon fresh fig-leaves. 

The adults emerged satisfactorily and evenly, the majority being 
typical Hypsa subretracta. There were, however, two well-defined 
varieties, represented by a male insect and two similar females. 

Quite recently, in revising my collection of moths, I found in 
the Durban Museum the genus represented by three species, H. 
subretracta Wlk., M. conspicua Swinh., and H. baumanniana 
Karsch., the determinations having been made by Sir. G. F. 
Hampson, from Natal specimens sent to him by Mr. Quekett. 
Concerning these I may say that H. conspicua is identical with 
my variety of H. subretracta represented by two females, whilst 
H. baumanniana is almost, though not quite, similar to my 
unique variety (a male).* 


* The two specimens of bawmanniana in the Durban Museum are 
males, and both specimens of conspicwa are females, analogous to the speci- 
mens in my collection. In these two cases the males incline to the darker 

ENTOM.—FEBRUARY, 1907. D 


26 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


It therefore appears to me that conspicua and bawmanniana 
are only varieties of subretracta. All the circumstances point to 
this conclusion, unless one is to concede the possibility of two 
eges of conspicua and one of bawmanniana having been laid 
amongst a batch of subretracta. 

This note is not, however, written with the object of demolish- 
ing bawmanniana and conspicua, but rather to draw attention to 
the facts which have come under my observation, and for the 
guidance of others who may be able to rear the species. This 
summer an endeavour will be made to clear the matter up, and 
a perfectly satisfactory conclusion arrived at. 


EXPLANATION TO PLaTE. 

Pratt I.—Figs. 1 and 2, Hypsa subretracta, Wlk.; collection mihi. 
Fig, 8, Hypsa near baumanniana ; collection mihi. The outer angle of the 
hind wings shows already the black margin as in a true bawmanniana, but 
not so sharply defined, and more suffused. Fig. 4, Hypsa bawmanniana, 
Karsch, from Durban Museum, which was identified by Sir G. F. Hampson, 
the outer margin of the hind wings being black, and sharply defined. 
Figs. 5 and 6, Hypsa conspicua, Swinh.; collection mihi. Fig. 7, Caterpillar 
of Hypsa subretracta, a blown specimen from the Durban Museum. Figs. 1, 
2, 3, 5, and 6 are all of moths reared from the same batch of caterpillars. 

[The left wing of Fig. 2 is rather light, and the right wing of Fig. 5 
slightly too dark, being due to the effect of the sun, when the photos were 
taken. | 


LIFE-HISTORY OF THECLA PRUNI. 
By F. W. Frowawk, M.B.O.U., F.E.S. 


On June 28rd, 1904, I received from the late Mr. F. G. 
Cannon two females of T’hecla pruni, taken by him the previous 
day in Northamptonshire. I at once placed them on a small 
plum-tree. In a week’s time I found a few eggs were deposited 
on the smaller branches at the base of the forks. These exactly 
resembled little brown buds; they are laid singly, and from one 
to three on the same fork, but no doubt in a state of nature 


variety or bawmanniana, and the females to the yellow one or conspicua. 
It is noticeable that the females of the typical specimen or swbretracta are 
much paler and less sharply marked on the under side of the wings than the 
typical males. In swbretracta the black on the under side of the fore wings 
is less developed than in bawmanniana, but much more than in conspicua, 
which has only a black transversal blotch at the end of the discoidal cell. 
One of my conspicua has no black at all on the under side, but is entirely 
yellow. On the upper side the small black dots near the base of the fore 
wings are very indistinct in this specimen. I send at the same time photo- 
eraphs taken from two typical swbretracta, one specimen near bawmanniana 
and two conspicua bred by myself; one bawmanniana (named by Sir G. F. 
Hampson), and a caterpillar borrowed from the Durban Museum to demon- 
strate the variation, 


LIFE-HISTORY OF THECLA PRUNI. 27 


(7. e., not confined to one tree or rather bush of blackthorn upon 
which the eggs are deposited in a wild state) only a single egg is 
laid on the same fork, or even branch, by the same parent. 

The egg is of a compressed spherical form, 34; of an inch in 
width, and +, in. high. The micropyle is sunken and finely 
pitted. The entire surface is covered with raised irregular reti- 
culations forming a cellular pattern surrounding the micropyle, 
increasing in size over the rest of the surface into a network 
pattern, chiefly in the form of hexagons; at the juncture of each 
mesh is a raised point with a clefted knobbed apex. The spaces 
between the meshes are granular. The ground colour is pale 
buff, the reticulations rust-brown, and the points dark brown. 
During the winter it gradually becomes paler in colour, being in 
mid-winter a light greyish ochreous, and the points black at the 
extremities, appearing to the naked eye of a general light grey- 
brown. They remain unchanged until hatching about the end 
of March, being nine months in the egg state. 

On March 26th and 27th, 1905, the eggs hatched. The larva 
eats away the central portion of the crown of the egg, leaving a 
comparatively large hole, and emerges. Directly after emerging, 
it measures 54, of an inch long, of the usual onisciform shape. 
The third to ninth segments are humped dorsally, the first and 
last segments somewhat flattened, and each with a shining black 
disc. The head is also shining black, and bears a few very tiny 
bristles. There is a central dorsal furrow and a row of hairs 
running along each side composed of two hairs on each segment, 
both curving backwards, the anterior one being twice the length 
of the other; they have black shining pedestal-like bases. Below 
these is a minute subdorsal hair, almost touching a double black 
shining wart. The spiracles are large and shining black. Along 
the lateral subspiracular region on each segment is a cluster of 
four hairs of different lengths, each having a shining black 
bulbous base, and shorter hairs are scattered over the ventral 
surface and claspers. The whole colouring is lilac-brown, 
becoming ochreous on the ventral surface. The entire surface 
is granular, and covered with minute shining points. 

Just previous to the first moult it measures only 7 of an 
inch long. During the first stage it exactly resembles the outer 
sheath of the bud which remains attached to the base of the 
young shoot; these are yellow, with rust-brown tips. The larva 
is of similar coloration, having the fifth, sixth, and seventh 
segments light ochreous yellow; the remaining segments at each 
end reddish brown. First moult occurred on April 13th, the 
first stage occupying eighteen days. 

After first moult—twenty-five days old—it measures } of an 
inch long. The first and last segments are rather compressed. 
The back is humped and considerably elevated, with a central 
dorsal longitudinal furrow. Haeh hump has a series of sharply 

D2 


28 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


pointed serrated bristles with pedestal bases; these form a 
longitudinal fringe along each side of the furrow. The sides are 
concaved with a prominent lateral ridge, also furnished with a 
fringe of bristles similar to those on the dorsal surface, and 
immediately below is another series of long fine simple cream- 
coloured hairs; both series project laterally; the bristles are 
ochreous, with blackish tips. Scattered over the body are 
numerous short bristles and circular dises resembling spiracles. 
The head is pale ochreous and black. The fifth, sixth, and 
seventh segments are varied in colouring, with yellowish pale 
ereen and pink; the remaining segments are purplish rose. 
The ventral surface, claspers, and legs are greenish white. 

Seven days after the second moult it measures + in. long. 
In shape it is similar to the previous stage. The head is shining 
black, and while at rest is concealed under the projecting 
flattened anterior segment. The dorsal area, excepting the 
fifth, sixth, and seventh segments, is a deep rose colour, and a 
beautiful rich rose tint exists on the lateral ridge of the second, 
third, fourth, and fifth segments, becoming white on the sixth, 
seventh, and eighth segments, and rich rose on the last four 
segments, extending round the anal extremity. The central 
third of the body is a pale yellowish green with darker green 
oblique stripes. On the inner dorsal edge of the fifth, sixth, and 
seventh segments is a deep rose crescentic mark externally 
edged with whitish. The spiracles are pale amber-brown. The 
whole surface is densely sprinkled with minute spines. Along 
the dorsal and lateral ridges are clusters of much longer spines 
on each segment, excepting the eleventh. The whole of the 
ventral surface is of a greenish pearly white. It feeds deeply 
into the tender shoots of its food-plant. The third and last 
moult takes place during the last week of May. 

After third moult—fully grown—it measures, when crawling, 
5 in. long. The head is pearly white, with slight greenish 
reflections, marked with pale olive in front. The mouth-parts 
are red-brown and white; eye-spots black. The first segment is 
compressed and rounded, completely overlapping the head, and 
indented in the centre, where there is a glazed whitish disc. 
The body is much elevated dorsally. The second, third, and 
fourth segments are not humped, but merely sunken in the 
centre, forming very slight dorsal ridges. The fifth, sixth, 
seventh, eighth, and ninth segments inclusive are strongly 
humped, each segment rising to a point on the dorsal ridge, 
leaving a deep central furrow; these points have each a sub- 
marginal crescentic rich deep purple-rose mark on the inner 
side, and externally outlined with white on the fifth, sixth, and 
seventh segments. The anal segment has a longitudinal dorsal 
mark of the same rose colour and a paler rose tint blended round 
the lateral edge. The ground colour is a clear green, with four 


LIFE-HISTORY OF THECLA PRUNI. 29 


oblique pale yellow-green stripes and a longitudinal lateral line 
of the same colour. The ventral surface is whitish green, in- 
cluding the legs and claspers. The whole surface above the 
lateral ridge is densely sprinkled with minute amber-brown 
spines, each with a fluted pedestal base. They are sparsely 
serrated and sharply pointed and longest on the dorsal area. 
On the tenth segment is a much longer pair, each in the middle 
on the dorsal ridge; these are duplicated on the eleventh 
segment by a much shorter pair. The spiracles are prominent, 
of a bright amber-brown. On each segment are a number of 
tiny greenish glassy discs. The larva in this stage continues 
feeding almost unceasingly, for several hours’ duration I could 
not detect it stopping. The last stage occupies about ten days. 

One pupated on June 7th. 

The pupa is short, stout, and humped. It measures 2 in. 
long, and ;*; in. in diameter from third abdominal segment to 
the ventral surface. Dorsal view: Head slightly notched in 
front, angular at base of wings, concave at the waist, swollen at 
the middle of abdomen, and abruptly attenuated to the anal 
segment. Lateral view: Head pointed in front; thorax swollen 
and rounded, sunken at the waist; abdomen suddenly rising to 
third segment, where it is strongly humped, then curves to anal 
segment; each segment has a subdorsal point, decreasing in 
size from the third segment; between these and the spiracles 
are two punctures on each segment; the under surface forms a 
straight line. Colour: Directly after pupation it is pale greenish, 
with paler thoracic markings; it gradually darkens, and in about 
forty-eight hours assumes its normal colouring, which is as 
follows. The ground colour of the dorsal surface is a clear 
brown-black, having a rather varnished appearance, becoming 
ochreous brown by the spiracles and over the wings; it is 
variegated with white on the prothorax; hind portion of meso- 
thorax and whole of the metathorax, also each side of the first 
abdominal segment, and speckled with white on the remaining 
segments bordering the wings; the spiracles are prominent, 
black and shining. The whole of the dorsal surface is sprinkled 
with tiny amber-coloured hairs. The wings and ventral surface, 
excepting the abdomen, are smooth. It is attached to the stem 
of its food-plant by a silken girdle round the waist, and by the 
cremastral hooks, to a silken pad. In general form, and 
especially the colouring, it exactly resembles a bird’s excrement, 
which it undoubtedly mimics. 

The pupal state occupies about eighteen days. The one de- 
scribed emerged on June 25th, which is about the normal time 
for the appearance of this butterfly. 

It will be noticed that the larva of 7’. pruni, like others of 
this genus, moults only three times. I have detected these 
larve in the act of devouring each other. In one instance a 


30 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


larva in the third stage ate through the base of a leaf upon which 
_ & younger specimen was fixed for moulting, and the larger one I 
found was devouring it greedily. I at once moved it to an 
adjoining branch, but, curiously enough, it crawled down the 
branch and up the one from which I removed it, and again 
attacked the moulting larva in precisely the same manner 
through the hole in the leaf, and renewed its meal of the iden- 
tical part of its victim. 


DRAGONFLY SEASONS OF 1905 AND 1906. 
By We Je shocks BAS, FHS. 


In 1905 there was little new to relate with regard to the 
British dragonfly fauna. The first specimens observed by me 
were Pyrrhosoma nymphula, on May 7th, and Libellula quadri- 
maculata on May 10th, both at or near the Black Pond in the fir- 
woods near Oxshott, Surrey. On May 11th Mr. F. Balfour Browne 
sent me three living specimens of Agrion armatum, one male and 
two females, from the Norfolk Broads. He considered that the 
“hatch ” was rather earlier than in 1904. All three were in 
somewhat teneral condition. On May 28th Cordulia enea was. 
first seen for certain at the Black Pond, and at the same time 
and place Hnallayma cyathigerum was observed. On May 81st 
the only species noticed on Bookham Common was Agrion puella. 

In the New Forest, from June 9th till June 18th, Orthetrum 
cerulescens and Calopteryx virgo were numerous, the former 
in teneral condition, and the latter usually so. Platycnemis 
pennipes and Agrion mercuriale were found, but Ischnura 
pumilio did not reward my search—apparently it was not out. 
P. nymphula was plentiful, and one var. @neatum was met with. 
Though special quest was made for Gomphus vulgatissimus, a 
single female only was obtained. 

On July 2nd L. quadrimaculata was in fair numbers at the 
Black Pond and was still emerging, a few Anax imperator were 
seen, Pyrrhosoma tenellum was out though some individuals 
were in teneral condition. On July 17th Sympetrum scoticum 
and H. cyathigerum were taken on Arbrook Common, in the 
same district. 

In the New Forest, during August, dragonflies were, of 
course, numerous. A. mercuriale and /. pumilio were taken, 
though no specimens of the var. awrantiacum of the latter were 
seen. A’schna juncea was taken on August 6th, and P. nymphula 
was still on the wing; on the same day an A. puella was found 
caught in the web of a rather small spider, which commenced 
binding it up, and perhaps may have stung it, for it died 
shortly afterwards in the collecting-box in which both were 


DRAGONFLY SEASONS OF 1905 anp 1906. oe 


placed. The next morning the spider was found upon the 
dragonfly, but whether feeding upon it or not I cannot say. 
On August 21st, the weather not being suitable for dragonflies, 
a male Cordulegaster annulatus was found at rest on a bush with 
its wings spread, the costal margins of corresponding pairs 
being in straight lines. Its legs were bunched up, all the tarsi, 
apparently, being approximated. For some time it did not 
resent being touched as it hung; later it began to quiver its 
wings, though with what object was not clear, and being handled 
again it suddenly took to flight. 

At the Black Pond, on September 12th, Sympetrum striolatum 
and S. scoticum were numerous and E. cyathigerum was not 
scarce. Auschnas were fairly plentiful, and one male each of 
ZE. grandis, Al. cyanea, and AL. mixta were taken, while one 
that settled on a tree-trunk, judging by its yellowish costa, must 
have been At. juncea. The last dragonfly seen was at the same 
place on November 12th. It was on the wing, and by its size and 
appearance could only have been S. striolutwm ; but, though it 
flew near me, it gave me no opportunity of making a capture. 

Mr. K. J. Morton was good enough to give me a pair of 
Somatochlora arctica, which he took at Black Wood, Rannoch, on 
July 19th, and a male A/schna cerulea with colour nicely pre- 
served, taken at Learan, Rannoch, on July 14th. 

In 1906 the season for me opened even later than in 1905. 
P. nymphula was first seen at the Black Pond on May 18th, and 
an L. quadrimaculata was probably sighted from a little distance 
the same day. Ina fish-globe at home, about May 25th, a nymph 
of P. nymphula (captured in the New Forest), which had appeared 
ready to emerge for some time, crawled up a stick out of the 
water about 7 a.m. Having partly emerged, it remained in its 
“resting” position for a longer time than I have been accus- 
tomed to expect for Agrionine. The rest being over, it did not 
suddenly complete its emergence, but raised its legs gradually. 
Then it held the stick with fore and mid-legs, and the head 
of the nymph-skin with the hind ones, before drawing out the re- 
mainder of the abdomen. A few minutes after 8 a.m. the wings 
had attained about their full length. The specimen was a female. 

In the New Forest, from June 2nd till June 5th, with the 
exception of P. nymphula, few dragonflies were noticed. C. virgo 
was in teneral condition; the wings looked dark brown. G. vulga- 
tissimus and I. pumilio were not found. From nymphs dredged 
in April near Whitley Ridge Mr. G. T. Lyle bred L. quadri- 
maculata and secured nice photographs of the emergence. 

On June 10th, at the Black Pond, dragonflies were few and 
appeared to be late, but on the evening of June 19th they seemed 
to be numerous there, and A. imperator was seen on the wing 
about 6.30 p.m. P. tenellum was flying at the pond on July Ist. 

Mr. H. M. Edelsten was kind enough to give me specimens 


32 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of Orthetrum cancellatum, captured in July at the Norfolk 
Broads, where, also, he took 4. isosceles. 

In the latter part of the summer dragonflies were, as usual, 
very numerous in the New Forest. On July 30th a male 
C. annulatus was seen to settle on a bush auite close at hand. 
It hung with the costal margins of the wings at right angles to 
the body and the wings, therefore, partly overlapping. The 
specimen was feeding on a worker of the wasp, Vespa vulgaris, 
and was in consequence captured with its prey. This species 
was noticed on the wing at 7.25 a.m. on August 4th and at 
7.18 a.m. on August 23rd. It was very common on Sep- 
tember 1st. J. pumilio was found on August 11th in a new 
locality in the Forest, some two or three miles from its pre- 
viously known haunts ; while, on August 7th, A. mercuriale was 
discovered in a part of the Forest quite distant from its other 
known localities, which now number some five or six. On Sep- 
tember Ist a few C. virgo were still about, chiefly females. 
P. tenellum var. @neatum was taken connected per collum with a 
male, which appears never to be trimorphie like the female, or 
even dimorphic. Master J. W. Edwards shewed me a specimen 
of 4f. cyanea that he had captured quite early in August in the 
neighbourhood of the Itchin at Eastleigh. 

On September 24th Mr. R. Adkin sent me three specimens of 
S. striolatum from Eastbourne, and said: ‘‘It has become very 
common here during the past day or two. I have noticed it 
here each autumn, but this year it seems to be unusually 
abundant all of a sudden.’ On October 14th this species and 
S. scoticum were very lively at the Black Pond, and an Aischna 
was seen in the district. About the 19th of the same month, in 
Kingston-on-Thames, a female S. striolatum was seen to settle 
with a fly in its clutches—apparently a house-fly or a small 
blowfly. I carefully approached and caught the dragonfly in my 
hand, but she let go the fly, which was not so badly damaged as 
to prevent its flying sharply away. My last dragonfly of the 
season—no doubt an individual of the species last mentioned— 
was seen near Byfleet, in Surrey, on November 2nd. 

In the previous volume of the ‘Entomologist,’ pages 281-2, 
Messrs. H. and F. Campion have given a full account of their 
interesting captures of Sympetrum jflaveolum and S. vulgatum in 
Epping Forest. 

In 1906, I understand from Mr. F. Balfour Browne, A. arma- 
tum and A¥. isosceles were common at the Norfolk Broads. The 
latter, he says, is quite common every season, and there are 
places where it is the commonest species. It disappears some- 
what early in the season, and is replaced by 4’. grandis. 

Mr. Rh. J. Wallis has secured specimens of the dragonflies 
that occurred during 1906 in the gardens of the Royal Horti- 
cultural Society at Wisley, in Surrey. I find that they consist 


NEW ABERRATIONS OF ASTHENA TESTACEATA. 35 


of 4. cyanea (one male), L. quadrimaculata, S. scoticum, Calo- 
pteryx splendens, P. nymphula, A. puella, and Ischnura elegans. 

Mr. K. J. Morton tells me that in July, 20th to 30th, at 
Emyvale, co. Monaghan, dragonflies were numerous, the species 
being S. striolatum, L. quadrimaculata, Af. juncea, At. grandis, 
C. splendens, Lestes sponsa, P. nymphula, I. elegans, Agrion pul- 
chellum, and EF. cyathigerum 


Kingston-on-Thames: January, 1907. 


NEW ABERRATIONS OF ASTHENA TESTACEATA, 
Don. (SYLVATA, Hs.). 


By Evsrace R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S. 


I am indebted to my friend, Mr. Edward Goodwin, for the 
opportunity of examining a few most interesting and beautiful 
aberrations, taken by him in a very restricted area in Mid-Kent 
during 1903-4-5, of the species generally known in this country 
as Asthena sylvata. Authors are by no means agreed as to its 
correct generic or specific names, but the question of nomencla- 
ture is outside my present purpose. These aberrant forms, 
which occur alike in both sexes, and appear to be undescribed, 
fall into two main groups, which may be characterized as 
follows :— 


1. Ab. intermedia, n. ab.— Both fore and hind wings have the 
whitish ground colour, which still prevails, more thickly and generally 
dusted with dusky brown, especially along the costa of the fore wing, 
and have the transverse dusky brown lines more strongly pronounced, 
than in the typical form. 

2. Ab. goodwini, n.ab.—All the wings are so generally and thickly 
dusted with dusky brown that the whitish ground colour is largely 
obscured by it, especially towards the costa of the fore wings; this, 
however, tends to be less so along the actual termen, and near the 
tornus, of both fore and hind wings, than elsewhere. The tawny fascize 
on both the fore and hind wings are, however, still quite visible. 


The individuals in question, though all are referable either 
to ab. intermedia or to ab. goodwint, vary considerably inter se, 
and practically show every gradation between the typical form 
and complete melanism. Inthe darkest example of ab. goodwina 
the normally pale ground colour has almost disappeared, and 
the head, collar, thorax with tegule, and abdomen are, like 
the wings, dusky brown above, though this last is prettily barred 
with white, and has an ochreous anal tuft. The sight of this 
specimen at once suggests the idea that before long we shall 
hear of an extreme aberration in which the whitish ground 
colour has entirely disappeared, and this is rendered all the 


34 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


more probable by the fact that Mr. Goodwin—after whom I have 
the pleasure of naming the most striking of the two forms under 
notice—has taken at least two individuals darker than any that 
he could submit to me; these, however, being females, were kept 
for ova (which alas! proved infertile), and consequently were 
useless for the cabinet. I also learn from him that the insect is 
not common in the locality that produces these remarkable 
aberrations, and that only about 10 per cent.—or possibly 
15 per cent.—of the specimens met with there are, to a greater 
or less extent, darker than the type. 

These dusky A. testaceata furnish additional proof of the 
unexpected wealth of Kent in melanic forms of Lepidoptera, 
to which I called attention in Ent. Mo. Mag. ser. 2, xvi. 90 
(1905). ‘ 


Norden, Corfe Castle: January 19th, 1907. 


A NEW MOSQUITO FROM INDIA. 
By §. RotHwetu. 


Neocellia intermedia, n. sp. 

Head deep brown clothed with grey scales in front, and a grey 
projecting tuft. Palpi brown, with two broad apical, and two narrow 
basal-white bands. Thorax slaty-grey in the middle, deep brown on 
each side, with pale scales. Abdomen brown, with pale creamy and 
ochreous scales and golden hairs. Legs brown, speckled and banded 
with cream colour, tarsal banding very minute on the brown hind legs. 
Wings with four large costal spots, the two apical ones spread evenly 
on to the first long vein; the second has two small spots under it on 
the first long vein, the second has two small spots under it on the 
first vein and the third one. 

?. Head densely clothed with upright white forked scales in 
front, black ones behind, a few white curved ones in front with a 
long irregular tuft of hair-like ones projecting forwards; antenne 
deep brown, with numerous small white scales and hairs on the 
basal segments; palpi brown, with two broad bands towards the 
apex, and two narrow ones on the basal half, the two broad ones 
separated by a narrow black ring ; proboscis black, pale at the apex. 
Thorax slaty-grey in the middle, deep brown at the sides, clothed with 
broad curved, rather flattened creamy scales, pale golden cheete over 
the roots of wing; scutellum slaty-grey, paler at the sides, with 
similar scales to the mesothorax and brown border bristles; meta- 
notum deep brown; pleure brown, with grey sheen and some flat 
creamy scales. Abdomen brown, with narrow, curved, creamy scales 
becoming densest on the apical segment, and with pale hairs. Legs 
brown; the femora and tibie with yellow spots; the fore. metatarsi 
with three yellow spots, one apical; the first and second tarsals with 


A NEW MOSQUITO FROM INDIA. BD 


minute apical yellow bands; the mid-legs much the same, the hind 
with minute yellow apical bands to all the tarsi but the last. Wings 
with four large black costal spots and one or more smaller basal ones, 
the second and third about equal, the first smaller, the fourth rather 
larger than the first; the first and second spread evenly over the first 
long vein, the third spreads evenly on to the subcostal, and only partly 
on to the first long vein at its apical end on two small spots, fourth 
evenly on the first vein, the small basal one confined to the costa ; 
most of the vein yellow-scaled; a dark spot on the upper branch of 
the first fork cell just under the apical costal spot; a small dusky 
patch on each side of the cross-vein; the third with an apical spot 
and another on each side of the cross-vein, two on the upper and two 
on the lower branch of the second fork-cell, and many dark scales on 
the stem; the upper branch of the fifth has a small apical spot and 
small ones on each side of the cross-vein, and one on the apex of 
lower branch; sixth with three black spots. Fringe with pale areas, 
at the ends of all the veins except the sixth. First submarginal cell 
longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, their bases nearly 
level; the first fork-cell is contracted at the apex, its stem as long as 
the cell, stem of the second longer than the cell; supernumerary 
cross-vein in front of the mid, and the mid further in front of the 
posterior cross-vein. Length, 5-5:5 mm. 

3. Head brown, with white upright forked scales in front, darker 
ones behind and at sides; a tuft of long white scales projecting forward 
between the eyes. Proboscis long and thin, dark brown in colour, 
with a pale apex. Palpi with two distal segments swollen or club- 
shaped: palp mottled with grey and brown scales, which more or less 
form into bands. Last two segments grey, with a thin brown band 
in the middle. Antenne plumose, with last two segments long and 
pilose, plumes light brown; a few scales present on the basal seg- 
ments. Thorax ashy-brown, with grey broad-curved scales; sides 
dark brown; scutellum slaty-grey, paler at the sides, with broad- 
curved scales and dark brown bristles. Metanotum deep brown. 
Abdomen light shining brown, with darker apical borders to segment. 
Narrow curved scales scattered over the abdomen, also golden hairs. 
Genitalia with claspers curved apically, a longish median process 
between the basal lobes. Legs mottled with yellow and brown scales ; 
pale apical bands to tibie and to the first three tarsals. Wings with 
three large black costal spots and two smaller ones; the second and 
fourth about equal in size; first very small; the third the largest. 
Other wing-spotting as follows: a dark spot on the upper branch of 
first fork-cell; basal half of lower branch dark; small spot on the 
stem of the cell; on the third long vein is an apical spot, and one on 
each side of cross-vein, two on the upper and two on the lower branch 
of second fork-cell, with stem of cell mostly dark; upper branch of 
fifth vein with two spots, one each side of the cross-vein; two dark 
spots on sixth long vein. Fringe with pale areas at the ends of all 
veins. First submarginal cell longer and narrower than second 
posterior cell, its stem slightly longer than the cell; the apex of cell 
is slightly contracted; stem of second posterior cell nearly twice the 
length of cell. Posterior cross-vein twice its own length from mid 
cross-vein ; supernumerary in front of mid. Length, 5-5 mm. 


36 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Habitat.—Deesa. 

Observations. — Described from three females and a single 
male sent to Prof. F. V. Theobald by Major C. G. Nurse. The 
male specimen was not in a very good state, some of the legs 
being absent. The three females show some variation in, wing 
markings, especially in the spots under the large costal spot, 
and in the size of the wings. The first submarginal cell is 
markedly contracted at the apex. 


COLEOPHORA TRICOLOR, Wusu., AT SEAFORD, 
SUSSEX. 


By Purp J. Barraup, F.E.§. 


I sHoutp like to record the capture of two specimens of the 
above-named moth at Seaford on July 9th, 1905. These were 
taken by my friend Mr. T. F. Furnival, who is now in South 
Africa, and who gave me his collection of Lepidoptera before 
leaving this country. The specimens have been kindly identified 
for me recently by Mr. Eustace R. Bankes. 


Bushey Heath, Herts: January 7th, 1907. 


NOTE ON COLEOPHORA TRICOLOR, Wusm. 
By Eustace R. Banxss, M.A., F.E.S 


Tue capture of Coleophora tricolor in Sussex is of the greatest 
interest, for hitherto there has been no evidence of its occurrence 
outside the county of Norfolk, where it was taken, amongst 
mixed rough herbage on the Breck sands, by Lord Walsingham 
[who described it in Ent. Mo. Mag. ser. 2, x. 201 (1899)], and 
was subsequently met with by Mr. KE. A. Atmore. T'ricolor could 
hardly be confused with any known British species except lixella, 
but this it resembles so remarkably closely that it can only be 
satisfactorily separated therefrom by certain antennal differences, 
the most obvious of which is that the pale antenne have the 
terminal two-thirds completely ringed with brownish-grey, 
whereas in lixella the corresponding portion, although dark- 
spotted on the under side, never shows dark annulations. 

I am much indebted to my friend, Mr. Philip J. Barraud, for 
most kindly adding one of the Seaford specimens to my collec- 
tion, and earnestly hope that we may, in the near future, hear of 
the discovery of the larva and food-plant of C. tricolor, for no 
Coleophora larva ought to be able for long to defy detection. 


Norden, Corfe Castle: January 12th, 1907. 


58. 


62. 
63. 


64. 


65. 


66. 
67. 


68. 


69. 


“701 


37 


CURRENT NOTES: 
By G. W. KirKaupy. 


(Continued from vol. xxxix., p. 287.) 


Distant, W. L.: ‘The Fauna of British India..... 
Rhynchota.” Vol. i., pp. ixxxviii. and 1-488, text-figs. 
1-249 (—— 1902); vol. ii., pp. ix. and 1-242, text-figs. 
1-167 (Dec., 1903), and pp. i.-iv., xi.—xvii. and 243-503, 
text-figs. 168-319 (—— 1904); vol. iii., pp. i.-xiv. and 
1-508, text-figs. 1-266 (—— 1906) [Hemiptera]. 


s 


. Brown, R. E.: ‘‘Strychnine as Food of Areocerus fas- 


cicularis, De Geer.” J.N. York E. S. xiv. 116 (Sept., 1906). 
[Coleoptera]. 


. Srrercu, R. H.: ‘‘ Heterocera americana.” Op. cit., 117-25, 


plates 11.—xii. (Sept., 1906). [Lepidoptera]. 


. Cxuitton, C.: ‘Note on the Occurrence in New Zealand of 


Dipterous Insects belonging to the Family Blepharoceride.”’ 
T. N. Zealand Inst. xxxviii. 277-8, plate xlvi., figs. 1-2 
(June, 1906). 

Hupson, G. V.: ‘‘ Notes on Insect Swarms on Mountain- 
Tops in New Zealand.” Op. cit., 8334-6 (June, 1906). 
CROMBRUGGHE DE PicQquENDAELE (Baron de): ‘‘ Catalogue 
Raisonné des Microlépidoptéres de Belgique.” Parts 1 and 
2. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. xiii. 1-172 and xiv. 1-155 (1906). 
[| Lepidoptera]. 

Mayer, P.: ‘Zoologischer Jahresbericht’”’ for 1905: 
Arthropoda, pp. 1-71 (1906). 

Lucas, R.: ‘‘ Bericht tiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen 
im Gebiete der Entomologie”’ for 1901, pp. 285-972 (1906!). 
(Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera]. 

Srmii1z, G.: Ditto for 1904. Pp. 1-860 (1906). (General 
and Coleoptera]. 

Scurotrxy, C.: ‘‘ Hine merkwiirdige Monstrositat an 
Carineta formosa, Germ.” Wien. Ent. Zeit. xxv. 261-2, 
figs. 1-2 (Aug. 15th, 1906). [Hemiptera]. 

Kirxaupy, G. W.: “List of the Genera of the Pagio- 
podous Hemiptera-Heteroptera, with their Type Species, 
from 1758 to 1904 (and also of the Aquatic and Semi- 
aquatic Trochalopoda).’’ Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxii. 117-56 
(dated March-June, 1906, but actually published in August 
or September]. 

Cuapman, R. H.: ‘‘ The Deserts of Nevada and the Death 
Valley.’ National [U.S.] Geographic Mag. xvii. 483-97, 
1 map and 8 views (Sept., 1906). 

‘*Map of the Philippine Islands” (in four colours, 23 in. by 
36 in.), Supplement to ditto, xvi. (Aug., 1905), 


38 


a: 
72. 
73. 
14. 


“I 
OX 


76. 


dite 
78. 


GSE 


80. 


81. 


82. 
83. 


84. 


85. 


86. 


87. 


88. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


‘* Map of the Region of the Panama Canal”’ (in five colours, 
24 in. by 33 in.), Supplement to ditto (Oct., 1905). 
Prrpicaris, I.: ‘‘ Morocco, the Land of the Extreme West.” 
Op. cit., xvil. 117-57, 26 views (Mar., 1906). 

Suiras, G.: ‘“ Photographing Wild Game with Flashlight 
and Camera.” Op. cit., 867-428, 74 views (July, 1906). 
Batuey, §. I.: ‘‘New Peruvian Route to the Plain of the 
Amazon.” Op. cit., 482-48, with coloured map of South 
America and 12 views (Aug., 1906). 

Morean, T. H.: “An Alternative Interpretation of the 
Origin of Gynandromorphous Insects.” Science (2) xxi. 
632— 5, 3 figs. (April 21st, 1905). 

Hnymons, R. and H.: “Die Entwicklungsgeschichte von 
Machilis.” Versl. Deutsch. Zool. Ges. xv. 123- 85, ° figs: 
1-10 (1905). 

THIENEMANN, A.: ‘“‘ Biologie der Trichopteren-Puppe.” 
Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xxu. 489-574, plates 16-20 (1905). 
Brugs, C. T.: ‘‘Notes on the Life History of the Stylopide.” 
Biol. Bull. Woods Hole viii. 290-5, figs. 1-2 (1905). 
[Coleoptera] . 

Carpenter, F. W.: ‘‘The Reactions of the Pomace Fly 
(Drosophila ampelophila, Loew) to Light, Gravity, and 
Mechanical Stimulation.” Amer. Nat. xxxix. 157-71, 1 fig. 
(1905). [Diptera]. 

Houmss, 8. J.: ‘The Reactions of Ranatra to Light.” J. 
Comp. Neurol. Granville xv. 805-49, 6 figs. (1905). 
[Hemiptera . 

Msisere, E.: “ Biologiska och morfologiska Studier 6fver 
Faréns Insektfauna ... .” Ark. Zool. Stockholm ii. 
No. 17, pp. 1-86 (sep.?), figs. 1-7 and map (1905). 

Green, HE. E.: ‘‘ Millipede killed by Reduviid Bug.” Spol. 
Zeylan. 11. 159 (1905). [Hemiptera]. 

Krerpu, A., and ReGen, J.: “‘ Physiologische Untersuchungen 
uber Thierstimmen. Stridulation von Gryllus campestris.” 
Sb. Ak. Wien cxiv. pp. 57-81, 1 plate (1905). [Orthoptera]. 
Router, H.: ‘ Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Sinnesorgane der 
Insekten.” Zool. Jahrb. Morph. xxu. 225-88, plates 15-16 
(1905). {Orthoptera, Diptera]. 

Voss, F.: ‘‘Uber den Thorax von Gryllus domesticus . . . 
Parts 2-4. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. lxxvii. 355-521 and 645-759, 
3 plates and 31 figs. (1905). [Orthoptera] . 

Hancock, J. L.: “The Habits of the Striped Meadow 
Cricket (Oecanthus fasciatus, Fitch).”” Amer. Nat. xxxix. 
1-11, figs. 1-8 (1905). [Orthoptera| . 

Marcuat, P.: ‘Observations biologiques sur un Parasite de 
la Galéruque de l’Orme, le Tetrastichus xanthomelene, 
Rond.’  Bas.aee France, pp. 64-8 (1905). (Coleoptera). 
Waener, W. von: “ Uber die Genesis und die Fntwickelung 


ie 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 39 


der Geselligkeit im Thierreiche.” C R. 6 Congr. Internat. 
Zool. 674-89 (1905). [Hymenoptera] . 

89. Prrersen, W.: ‘‘ Uber die Bedeutung der Generationsorgane 
fur die Entstehung der Arten.” Op. cit., 218-24 (1905). 
[Lepidoptera] . 


(To be continued.) 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Tur Mazarine Bruur (Nomiapes semrarcus) In Watrs.—I write 
the ‘‘ Mazarine Blue” advisedly, because the Hnglish names are the 
only abiding feature in the nomenclature of our British butterflies. 
In South’s ‘ Butterflies of the British Isles’ it is stated, page 178, that 
‘‘ probably the latest captures in Britain were the specimens taken in 
Glamorganshire in the years 1874-77.” It may be of interest to 
record that in the latter year I received from a correspondent in 
Cardiff, whose name I have completely forgotten, a male specimen of 
this rare insect, in exchange for some duplicates in my possession. 
What those duplicates were I have no distinct recollection, but nothing 
in comparison with the specimen I received. My correspondent 
informed me that it and a few others had been taken by himself in 
the hill country close to Cardiff in that year or just previously. It was 
a male, in bad condition so far as the setting was concerned, and was 
without an abdomen. Alas! it has long since disappeared from my 
collection ; but I well remember that the wings were of rather a bright 
blue with no purplish or violaceous tinge. I do not know whether the 
insect figured by Mr. South was an English specimen, but I think the 
purple tinge is rather too pronounced. It would, I feel sure, be of con- 
siderable interest if further notes regarding the last captures of this 
insect were put on record, and where the insects may beseen. It seems 
to me somewhat strange that such a widely distributed and common 
butterfly on the Centinent should become extinct in the British Isles 
for no apparent cause.—(Lt.-Uol.) N. Manpers; R.A.M.C., Mauritius. 

[The figures referred to are reproductions of coloured drawings, by 
Mr. Horace Knight, from old British specimens. In printing, the red 
stone is slightly over much in evidence.—Ep. | 


Insect Fauna or Devonsutre.—The Section Insecta, pp. 163-244, 
in ‘A History of Devonshire,’ a recent volume of ‘The Victoria 
History of the Counties of England” series, is a valuable addition to 
our knowledge of the distribution of insects in England. The lists, 
chiefly annotated, of the various Orders have been carefully prepared 
by well-known specialists, and are as follows :—Orthoptera, by George 
C. Bignell, F.E.S.; Neuroptera, by Charles A. Briggs, F.E.§.; 
Hymenoptera, by G. C. Bignell, F.E.S.; Coleoptera, by the Rey. 
Canon Fowler, M.A., D.Sc., F.LS., &c.; Lepidoptera, by the late 
Charles G. Barrett, F.E.S.; Diptera, by Ernest HK. Austen; Hemi- 
ptera, by G. C. Bignell, F.E.S. Mr. Bignell’s articles on Gall Makers, 
and on Parasitic Hymenoptera are interesting and instructive. We 
must again express regret that the faunistic sections of these county 
histories are not published separately, at a popular price, so that they 
might become more readily accessible to the entomological public. 


40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


LitHosta cANIOLA Not IN Hampsuire. —In the ‘ Entomologist’ for 
December, 1906, I recorded the capture, at Bournemouth, of L. caniola. 
With the help, however, of a more experienced entomologist, further 
investigation satisfies me that my specimen is L. stramineola, and 1 am 
sorry that Hampshire cannot claim the former insect for its list. My 
friend was able to assure me that an insect which I took in my dining- 
room here, June 30th, 1906, is indeed an excellent specimen of Hupi- 
thecia innotata.—(Rev.) A. Day; The Vicarage, Malvern Link. 


LeucaNia VITELLINA IN West Cornwatu.—Mr. W. A. Rollason, of 
Truro, asks if his capture of L. vitellina in September, 1906, is a 
record for the county of Cornwall. In reply, I may say that it is the 
first published, but I captured two specimens in South Devon, and one 
in West Cornwall, in the autumn of 1889. A record of these was sent 
to a periodical then only started a few months, but it was not inserted. 
I, however, received a letter, in which the writer stated that L. vitel- 
lina was not taken so far north as Britain. In the same autumn a 
specimen was taken at sugar in the Isle of Wight, and that capture was 
mentioned in most of the entomological magazines. I may add that 
I have six specimens of L. viteliina in my collection, all taken about 
three miles beyond Penzance, in an old orchard about three hundred 
yards from the sea. The late Mr. Baily also took one in the same 
orchard, but too late to be included in his list of Lepidoptera of West 
Cornwall.—Witu1am Daws; 39, Newwood Street, Mansfield, Notts. 


Puusia Moneta In NorrincHamsHire.—I took a specimen of P. mo- 
neta, at light, on July 21st last.—F. J. Rasrtit; Weedon Road, 
Northampton, January 21st, 1907. 


Lepipoptera oF Hast Suruertanp.—The following is a list of 
species taken during 1906 (July excepted), within a ten mile radius of 
Golspie. On reference to Meyrick’s ‘ Handbook’ I find that many of 
the insects mentioned by me do not appear to be recorded north of Ross- 
shire, and others not even so far north as that county :— 

Argynnis aglaia, singly. A. euphrosyne, sparingly. Pyrameis 
cardut, singly. Satyrus semele, common; resting on stones of old sea- 
beach, now some three hundred yards from present high-tide line. 
Slightly darker than the writer’s English and Welsh specimens. 

ipinephele tantra, sparingly. Canonympha typhon, sparingly, on heaths 
and on damp sides of lochs. Thecla rubi fairly common on heaths 
and mountain slopes. Chrysophanus phlwas, sparingly. Lycena alexis 
(icarus), sparingly. Pieris napi, P. rapi, P. brassicae, fairly common. 
Hepialus lupulinus, H. humuli, common. Phragmatobia fuliginosa, 
Sptlosoma lubricipeda, S. menthastri sparingly ; larve fairly common 
on plantain. Pecilocampa populi, singly in November, to light. 
Lasiocampa quercus, imago sparingly, larve commonly. Lumia /uteo- 
lata, abundant. Metrocampa margaritaria, singly. Hllopia prosapiaria, 
Boarmia repandata, sparingly. Dasydva obfuscaria, singly. Hmaturga 
atomaria, common. Bupalus piniarius, male common, female sparingly. 
Abraxas grossulariata, Lomaspilis marginata, sparingly. Oporabia dilu- 
tata, common; all very pale specimens. Larentia didymata, the most 
abundant species. JL. multistriyaria, sparingly. L. cesiata, abundant, 


SOCIETIES. 41 


6 

flying from trunks of Pinus sylvestris. L. olivata, singly. L. viridaria, 
common. Emmelesia avsinitata, singly. Thera variata, abundant, 
fiving from trunks of Pinus sylvestris. Ypxipetes sordidata, singly. 
Anticlea nigrofasciaria (derivata), single specimen in newly emerged 
condition, June 9th. 1906. Coremia munitata, singly. Cumptogramma 
bilineata, Cidaria corylata, sparingly. C. truncata, fairly common ; very 
variable specimens. C.immanata, fairlycommon. (C. siliceata, singly. 
C. testata, fairly common. C. fulvata, abundant. FEubolia limitata, 
(mensuraria), sparingly on ragwort; much darker and richer colouring 
in fore wings than southern specimens. Chesias spartiata, single 
specimen to light. Platypteryw falcataria, sparingly ; larvee common. 
Acronycta psi, common; larve frequent on pear. Leucaunia conigera, 
LL. comma, L. impura, L. pallens, all common, on ragworts Hydrecia 
micacea, Common on ragwort; very variable colours in fore wings. 
Xylophasia rurea, common, on ragwort. X. monoglypha, very common 
on ragwort. Chareas graminis, sparingly on heaths and ragwort; all 
specimens larger and darker than Knglish and Welsh. Apamea 
unanimis, singly, on ragwort. <A. didyma (oculea), Miana striyilis, M. 
_literosa, common, on ragwort. Grammesia trigrammica (trilinea), singly, 
on ragwort. Caradrina morpheus, C. quadripwnctata, sparingly, on rag- 
wort. <Agrotis corticea, singly, on raywort. <A. nigricans, abundant, 
on ragwort. A. tritici, Triphena ianthina, sparingly, on ragwort. 
T. comes (orbona), Common, on ragwort ; fore wings very variable 
shades of rich red to brown. JT’. pronuba, common, on ragwort. 
Noctua conflua, common on ragwort; very variable. N. xanthographa, 
abundant, on ragwort. Cosmia trapezina, sparingly, on ragwort. 
Celena haworthii, commonly during one week in August, not seen 
before or after. Ayrotis strigula (porphyrea\, singly, on heather. A. 
simulans, Noctua ylareosa, N. plecta, singly. N. baja, sparingly. 
Anchocelis helvola (rufina), Xanthia flavago (silago), singly. Dianthecia 
capsincola, Common in larva stage; sparingly in imago. Folia chi, 
common, on stone walls; dark specimens. Epunda niyra, Hadena 
adusta, sparingly. H. glauca, singly. Plusia chrysitis, sparingly. P. 
bractea, singly, on phlox in evening. LP. festuc@, specimen seen, not 
captured; bright sunshine. P. yamma, abundant. P. interrogationts, 
sparingly; in rapid flight over heather, with sudden drops (into 
heather). Amphipyra trayopogonis, sparingly. 

Larva/.— Notodonta dromedarius, common, birchand alder. N. ziczac, 
common, alder. N.camelina, common, alder and birch. Dicranura 
vinula, singly, bireh.  Platypteryx lacertinaria, abundant, birch.— 
M. A. Rotztason; Drummuie, Golspie. 


SOCIETIES. 


Entomotocicaa Socimty or Lonpon. — Wednesday, January 28rd, 
1907.—At the Annual Meeting of this Society it was announced that 
the following officers and other members of the Council had been 
elected for the session 1907-8 :—President, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse ; 
Treasurer, Mr. A. H. Jones; Secretaries, Mr. H. Rowland-Brown, 
M.A., and Commander J. J. Walker, R.N., M.A.; Librarian, Mr. 


ENTOM.—FEBRUARY, 1907. E 


42, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


C. Champion, F.Z.S.; Council, Mr. G. J. Arrow, Mr. A. J. Chitty, 
M.A., Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., Mr. W.J. Kaye, Dr. G. B. Lonestaff, 
M.D., Professor Raphael Meldola, F.R.S., Mr. F. Merrifield, Mr. 
G. A. K. Marshall, Mr. L. B. Prout, Mr. E. Saunders, F.R.S., Mr. R. 
Shelford, M.A., and Mr. G. H. Verrall.—The outgoing President, Mr. 
F. Merrifield, then delivered his Address, in which he discussed some 
of the causes of the persistent abundance or scarcity, generally or 
locally, of species and varieties of insects, and the relative importance 
of the consumption of their food and the attacks of their enemies. 
Reference was made to striking characters that seemed of no biological 
importance; to habits and activities not directly concerned with 
nutrition or reproduction, and the manner in which they are affected 
by external conditions; and to structure and fixed habits indicating 
their ancestral history and affecting their present capabilities.—H. 
Row.anp-Brown, M.A., Hon. Sec. 


Sourn Lonpon Enromotocican anD Naturat History Socrery.— 
December 13th, 1906. — Mr. Hugh Main, B.Sc., Vice-President, in the 
chair. — Messrs. Harrison and Main exhibited (1) series of Anticlea 
rubidata from North Cornwall and from Devon, the former less red and 
generally greyer; and (2) a bred series of Chesias spartiata. — Mr. 
Goulton, photographs of larve in their feeding and resting positions.— 
Mr. Garrett, series of Huchloé cardamines, Lycena (Agriades) corydon, 
Augiades (Urbicola) comma, Triphena jimbria, and Limenitis. stbylla ; 
the last-named from Arundel. — Mr. Kaye, a number of Syntomid 
moths from British Guiana, which showed strong constriction, or 
colour simulating constriction, in the basal segments of the abdomen, 
thus much resembling species of Hymenoptera, of which many were 
also exhibited.—Messrs. Rayward and Tonge, ova of Zephyrus ( Bithys) 
quercus, in situ, below the winter-buds of oak. They were from Ran- 
more Common.—Mr. Turner pointed out wintering cases of Coleophora 
lutipennella on the same buds, all extremely small.—Mr. Sich, speci- 
mens of Tinea pallescentella and gave notes on its occurrence, exhibiting 
Gelechia pinguinelila, and Borkhausenia pseudospretelia, which much re- 
semble it in general appearance.— Mr. Newman, (1) a long bred series of 
Caradrina (Laphygma) exigua, with captured specimens for comparison, 
and a living Stauropus fagi, which emerged on December 9th. — Mr. 
Jennings, a series of Oriorrhynchus blandus from the Isle of Man.—Mr. 
Carpenter, (1) a Pieris brassice with the discal spot connected with 
the apical patch ; (2) a bred series of Melitea athalia; and (38) a series 
of Plusia moneta bred from larve found in his own garden. — Mr. 
Kast, J.P., gave an interesting account of the Victoria Falls of the 
Zambesi in explanation of a large number of lantern-slides exhibited 
by him. 

January 10th, 1907.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the 
chair.—Mr. John Anderson, of Balham, and Mr. B. Richard, of Rother- 
hithe, were elected members. — Messrs. Harrison and Main, a long 
series of Cidaria miata bred from New Forest ova, and showing much 
variation in tone and mottling.—Mr. Newman, a large number of bred 
Notodonta chaonia, showing a good deal of variation in colour and 
banding. — Mr. Dods, Lepidoptera from Africa, including Papilio 
demolens, Deiopeta pulcheila, Danais dorippus, &¢.—Mr. Main, photo- 
graphic stereoscopic views of natural objects.—Mr. R. Adkin, a speci- 


Gi: 
if 


‘ 


SOCIETIES. p 43 


men of Hpinephele ianira, in which the usual tawny markings were of 
a straw-colour and somewhat extended. — Mr. Turner, a number of 
remarkable Hemiptera from South America, including mimics of 
beetles, seeds, thorns, &c., and the interesting mothi-like species 
Pectioptera phalenoides. — He also showed a Cenonympha pamphilus 
from Chipstead having pale patches on all four wings, and a series of 
Vanessa (Aglais) urtice showing restricted blue lunules in specimens 
from Engleberg and Lapland. — Reports of the various field meetings 
of the Society held during 1906 were read.—Mr. Adkin read a paper 
entitled ‘‘ Further Notes on the Occurrence of Tortrix pronubana in 
England.’’—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Report Sec. 


Crry or Lonpon Enromoxocican anp Natura History Socirery.— 
December 4th, 1906—Annual Meeting.—Mr. W. Bloomfield exhibited 
Lomaspilis marginata with black marginal blotch intersected by a white 
line.—Mr. H. M. Hdelsten, Lithosia muscerda, L. caniola, L. com- 
planula, L. yriseola, and var. stramineola, all bred ab ovo.—Mr. G. H. 
Heath, Luphygma eaigua, from Sandown, Isle of Wight.—Mr. V. E. 
Shaw, Apamea basilinea, from Wye Downs, June, 1906, including a 
very pale specimen with obsolete orbicular and reniform only partially 
outlined. — Mr. A. Sich, Gelechia pingumella and Borkhausenia pseudo- 
spretella, to show the close resemblance between the two species, which 
he differentiated by several points, one of these being that in the hind 
wings of the former nervures six and seven spring fromacommon stalk, 
while in the latter these nervures are parallel.—The following execu- 
tive were elected for 1907: President, Mr. A. W. Mera; Vice-Presi- 
dents, Dr. T. A. Chapman and Messrs. J. A. Clark, F. J. Hanbury, 
and L. B. Prout; Treasurer, Mr. C. P. Pickett; Librarians, Messrs. 
G. H. Heath and V. E. Shaw; Curators, Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor and 
Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson ; Secretaries, Messrs. 8. J. Bell and EH. Harris, 
Non-official Members: Rev. C. R. N. Burrows and Messrs. A. Bacot, 
H. M. Edensten, J. Riches, and P. H. Tautz. 

December 18th.—Mr. A. Harrison exhibited a brood of Pieris brassica, 
reared from ova laid by typical Liverpool females. Many of the 
females had black spots on fore wings connected by black scales on 
both upper and under surfaces, a continuous band being formed in 
a few extreme examples; the same peculiarity was exhibited to a 
lesser degree in a few of the males.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, Australian 
Lepidoptera, including B. sugriva, which species has long slender tails 
to hind wings and ocelli on under side at the anal angle; the species 
rests either head downwards or horizontally, and Dr. Hodgson re- 
marked that this fact, coupled with the fact that all the specimens 
observed were more or less damaged near the anal angle of the hind 
wings, suggested that birds were deceived by the resemblance of the 
tail end of the insect when at rest to a head with outstretched 
antenne.—Mr. Li. B. Prout, a long series of British Larentia cesiata 
and exampies of this species from various European, American, 
Asiatic, and Australian localities, in illustration of the paper read by 
him on this occasion on the species in question.—Mr. A. J. Willsdon, 
Oporina croceayo bred from Kent ova, which were of typical orange 
colour, while others bred from New Forest ova were of a pale salmon- 
pink colour. 


44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


January 1st, 1907.—The first meeting of the year was devoted, as 
usual, to a ‘‘ pocket-box”’ exhibition, which met with less than the 
usual support, owing, doubtless, to the inclement weather and the fact 
of its being New Year’s day. — Rev. C. R. N. Burrows exhibited 
abnormally small specimens of about a dozen species of Lepidoptera, 
including Agrotis puta, A. saucia, Plusia gamma, and P. chrysitis; these 
were taken in September, 1906, and the exhibitor attributed their 
dwarfed appearance to the exceptionally dry and hot season.—Mr. S. J. 
Bell, a series of Polia chi taken on moors near Whitby during latter 
half of August. The species was abundant on tie dark stone walls 
common to the district, but no dark specimens were seen.—Mr. H. M. 
Hdelsten, very dark Acronycta menyanthidis from Yorks.—Mr. T. H. L. 
Grosvenor, Argynnis selene from Ashdown Forest, including male with 
confluent marginal spots, and a female much suffused with black 
scales. — Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, long series of Lycana corydon, L. 
bellargus, L. alewis, and L. eyon, arranged so as to demonstrate parallel 
variauion.—Mr. L. A. E. Sabine, two specimens of Thyatira batis, the 
one from Epping with accentuated pink coloration, and the other 
from New Forest with this colour entirely lacking; the latter thus 
representing the Linnean type.—Mr. V. E. Shaw, Sesia chrysidiformis, 
Folkestone, July, 1906, and Pieris cratayi, Kast Kent, July, 1906; 
also Lytta vesicatoria, which was found in abundance near Dover in 
July, 1906. 


January 15th.—Mr. J. A. Clark exhibited a specimen of Tenio- 
campa cruda var. haggerti (Tutt).—Mr. EK. A. Cockayne, Thera variata, 
with interrupted central fascia, from Rannoch; also Arctia fuliginosa 
var. borealis from same locality. — Mr. H. M. Edelsten melanic ex- 
amples of Hemerophila abruptaria from Clapton, Nonagria geminipuncta 
from Enfield, and NV. typhe@ and N. canne from Norfolk Broads.—Mr. 
T. H. L. Grosvenor, Lycena ag stis ab. ornata from Surrey, and vars. 
alpina (?) and obs.leta from Aberdeen. — Mr. A. Harrison, melanic 
specimens of about twenty species, including Cymatophora duplaris and 
Acronycta leporina from Cornwall and Lanes, 4. rumicis from West- 
moreland and Barnsley, and A. nebulosa from Cornwall, Epping, and 
Delamere. — Mr. L. W. Newman, a large number of melanie Lepido- 
ptera, including Stauropus fagi, Boarmia consortaria, Odontopera biden- 
tata, and Boarmia abiecaria. — Mr. L. A. E. Sabine, Arctia fuliginosa 
from Rannoch, including a specimen with black abdomen and hind 
wings.—Mr. H. B. Whitehouse, two melanie specimens and one inter- 
mediate form of Liparis monacha bred from dark Hull females; also 
Sphinaw pinastrt bred from Arlington (Suffolk) females. — Mr. L. W. 
Newman read a paper dealing with his experiences in breeding various 
melanic forms of Lepidoptera.—S. G. Brn, Hon. See. 


LancasHine aND OuesutrE Enromoztocican Socmry. — The usual 
monthly meeting of this Society was held in the Royal Institution, 
Colquit Street, Liverpool, on December 21st, 1906, Mr. W. Mansbridge, 
Vice-President, in the chair.— Mr. A. J. Wightman, of Reigate, was 
elected a member of the Society. —A paper was read by Mr. F. N. 
Pierce, F'.E.8., entitled ‘‘ Notes on the Structure of Ma/acosoma hybrid 
schaufussi (M. castrensis x M. neustria).” The paper was admirably 


’ 


SOCIETIES. 45 


illustrated by microscope preparations of the imsects named, as well as 
of M. franconica, shown upon the screen by the aid of the micro-lantern. 
The author pointed out that, unlike the usual mixture of male and 
female genitalia obtaining in the case of hybrids, the sexes of schau/ussi 
possessed unmixed organs proper to the respective sexes. From a 
consideration of the details of the structure of the hybrid moths they 
are seen to combine the distinguishing features of each of the parent 
species, though perhaps leaning more toward neustria. The scales 
also showed modifications, being intermediate in form and size between 
those of the parents from the same part of the wing.—Mr. Fred. Birch, 
who shortly sails for Brazil upon a collecting expedition, gave a most 
interesting address upon his experiences in Trinidad when in quest of 
tropical Lepidoptera; his original observations upon the habits and 
peculiarities of the butterflies of the island were much appreciated by 
the members present.—The following exhibits were made, viz., by Mr. 
Oulton Harrison: An album of photographs of Lepidoptera in their 
various stages, taken by Mr. Hugh Main, of London ; also, on behalf 
of the Rev. T. B. Eddrup, of Horbury, melanie Agrotis agathina from 
the West Riding, Boarmia repandata from Horbury, and its variety 
conversaria from Barmouth.— The Honorary Secretary showed, on 
behalf of Mr. R. Hancock, of Birmingham, a number of photographs 
of Lepidoptera, and read a letter relating to the exhibit. — Mr. W. 
Mansbridge, a short series of Triphena comes var. curtisii from Aber- 
deen, and a series of the chocolate form of Hemerophiia abruptaria from 
the London area, together with examples of the type for comparison ; 
also melanic specimens of A. agathina from Delamere for comparison 
with Mr. Eddrup’s; they were seen to be more smoky in ground 
colour than the West Riding specimens, appearing quite dull beside 
them.— Mr. Oscar Whitaker exhibited lantern-slides of the exotic 
cockroaches Biabera giyantea and B. marmorata from the collection of 
Mr. HE. J. B. Sopp. 

The annual meeting of the Society was held in the Royal Institu- 
tion, Liverpool, on January 17th, 1907, Mr. Richard Wilding, Vice- 
President, in the chair.—Lieut. the Hon. R. O. B. Bridgeman, R.N., 
of Salop, was elected a member of the Society. — The following office- 
bearers were elected for the ensuing year :—President, 8. J. Capper, 
F.E.S.; Vice-Presidents, Dr. J. H. Bailey, M.B. (Port Erin), EK. J.B. 
Sopp, F.R.Met.8., Prof. E. B. Poulton, M.A., D.Sc., F.E.S., J. BR. 
Charnley, F.Z.8., F.E.S., Dr. H. H. Corbett (Doncaster), Wm. Mans- 
bridge, F.E.S.; Treasurer, Dr. J. Cotton, F.E.S.; Secretaries, H. R. 
Sweeting, M.A., Wm. Mansbridge, W. D. Harrison; Editor, J. R. 
le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S.; Librarian, F. N. Pierce, F.E.S.; 
Council, J. Kidson Taylor (Buxton), W. Webster, M.R.S.A.1, F. R. 
Dixon-Nuttall, F.R.M.S., Dr. P. F. Tinne, M.A., M.B., the Rev. T. B. 
Kddrup, M.A. (Wakefield), C. E. Stott, R. Tait, Junr., Dr. P. Edwards, 
J. Collins (Oxford), R. Wilding, O. Whittaker, Dr. Wm. Bell, J.P.— 
After the formal business of the meeting, the retiring Vice-President, 
Prof. T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc., F.E.S8., of Edinburgh, communicated 
his address to the Society. The Professor, after detailing the chief 
scientific achievements of entomologists during 1906, made a number 
of interesting and valuable suggestions for individual as well as collec- 
tive furtherance of our studies. and instanced the remarkable work 


46 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


accomplished by such diligent investigators as Dr. Joy, Mr. H. St. J. K. 
Donisthorpe, and others, among the rarer or least-known Coleoptera 
occurring in Great Britain. A vote of thanks to the author was pro- 
posed by Mr. Wilding and seconded by Mr. E. J. B. Sopp, F.R.Met.S., 
and it was resolved to print the paper in the Society's Proceedings.— 
The following exhibits were made by the members :—Dr. Cotton, a 
long series of C. typhon var. rothleibit from Witherslack; a series of 
Lycena astrarche var. salmacis from North Laneashire; and a series of 
Noctua glareosa from Delamere. Mr. H. R. Sweeting, a number of 
Cynthia cardut from Eastbourne ; a specimen of the rare moth Deile- 
phila livornica taken at light in Knowsley Park last June; Macaria 
“iturata and its var. nigrofulvata from Delamere ; and Lycena icarus 
and L. corydon from Eastbourne. Mr. F.N. Pierce, F.E.S., a box of 
Lepidoptera from India. Mr. J. J. Richardson brought moths collected 
in the neighbourhood of Bidston, Cheshire, at ivy-bloom—a series of 
Himera pennaria, Cerastis vaccinii, Luperina testacea, the last from 
Wallasey, and Hybernia defoliaria from Sefton Park, Liverpool. Mr. 
W. Mansbridge, Carpocapsa nimbana and Sciaphila communana from 
the London district, received from Mr. A. Thurnall, of Croydon; these 
two rare species attracted a good deal of attention. — The Honorary 
Treasurer's report showed the Society to be in a very satisfactory 
position, a fact which the Council hope to make full use of in the pre- 
paration of the annual account of the Society’s work—H. R. Swerrine 
and Wm. Manssrincs, Hon. Secs. 


Birmincuam Ewromoxocicat Society.—November 19th, 1906.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair. — Mr. L. Doncaster, 
The University, Birmingham, and Mr. Hubert Langley, Narborough 
House, Leamington, were elected members of the Society.—Mr. E. C. 
Rossiter exhibited a box full of Lepidoptera taken by himself at Brad- 
ing, Isle of Wight, last August. The most interesting species was 
Pyrausta flavalis, Schiff., which occurred in hundreds ; there were also 
Acontia luctuosa, Esp., Agrotis vestigialis, Rott., Selidosema ericetaria, 
Vill., Acidalia maryinepunctata Goze, &e.—Mr. G. T. Fountain showed 
a nice series of Lycena arion, L., from Cornwall.—Mr. 8. H. Kenrick 
exhibited four species of New Guinean Erycenide, and pointed out the 
great difference in general appearance between them and the western 
species. — Mr. W. Harrison showed various Noctue bred from dug 
pupe, including Agrotis plecta, L., which species he said had emerged 
in February without any forcing.—Mr. W. E. Collinge showed living 
unnamed hymenopterous parasites from larve of Agrotis segetum, Schiff., 
and from the ova of Smerinthus ocellata, L.— Mr. A. H. Martineau 
showed galls of the gall-fly from Putentilla reptans = Xestophanes 
potentille, which he found in abundance in Devonshire, the only county 
whence it has been obtained at present.—Mr. Hubert Langley showed 
Chrysoclista linneella, Cl., from Leamington, where he had found it on 
the limes in the greatest abundance. So numerous was it that, on 
one occasion, he counted fifty-seven on one tree-trunk. He also 
showed Zyyena lonicere, Scheven, which he found commonly at 
Southam, near Warwick.—Coxusran J. Wainwricut, Hon. Sec. 


47 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


1. The Annals of Scottish Natural History. Edinburgh. 1906. 


Although treating of natural history in a very wide sense, no 
student of the British insects can safely leave this excellent periodical 
unexamined. This year the dipterist is the one most extensively 
catered for. 


2. Museum Gazette and Journal of Field-Study. Conducted by JonatHan 
Hurcuinson, &c, Illustrated. Haslemere. 


This monthly magazine contains readable popular articles on all 
sorts of out-of-door subjects. The list of books, &., for sale at the 
museum gives an unfortunate trade appearance to what should, never- 
theless, be a useful periodical to the not too advanced naturalist. 


8. The Science of Dry Fly Fishing. ByF.G.Suaw. London: Bradbury, 
Agnew & Co., Ltd. 1906. 


A fly-fisher need not necessarily be an entomologist, although there 
is little doubt that a knowledge of entomology will make even a good 
fly-fisher a better one. In any case we have here clearly a good text- 
book, well got up and beautifully illustrated. If the entomologist 
would not go to it to study entomology, he should, at any rate, look 
at the illustrations of insects, by Horace Knight, in Plates xv. and xvi. 


4, First Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry 
of the Territory of Hawaii. Honolulu. 1905. 
A long report of 170 pages, but apparently containing little of 
interest to the entomologist generally. A great part is confined to 
forestry. 


5. The Bombay Locust, Acridium succinctum (Linn.), (from Memoirs of 
the Department of Agriculture in India). By H. Maxwe.u-Lerroy. 
112 pages, 13 plates. Calcutta. 1906. 


A long and full account of the insect, its attack, and the mode of 
combating it. 


6. The Western Pine-destroying Bark Beetie, Dendroctonus brevicomis, 
Lec. (Some Insects injurious to Forests) By J. L. Wess. 
14 pages, 2 plates, and 6 illustrations in text. Washington. 
1906. 


“Object of the paper to give available information on this insect 
and methods of combating it.” 


7. Notes on Exotic Forficulids or Earwigs, with descriptions of New 
Species. By J. A.G. Renn. Illustrated. 15 pages. Washington. 
1905. 


8. Notes on South American Grasshoppers of the Sub-Family Acridine 
(Acridida@), with descriptions of New Genera and Species. By J. A. 
G. Renn. 21 pages. Washington. 1906. 


9. The Locustide and Gryllide (Kutydids and Crickets) collected by W. T. 
Foster in Paraguay. By A. N.Caupretu. 10 pages. Washington. 
1906. 


48 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


10. Synoptic List of Paraguayan Acridide, with descriptions of New 
Forms. By L. Bruner. 82 pages, 3 plates. Washington. 1906. 


Wes JigT. 


Butterflies of Hongkong and South-East China. By J. C. Kersnaw, 
F.E.S., F.Z.S. Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, Ltd. London 
Agent, R. H. Porter. 1906. 


Or this work, which it is understood will be completed in about 
six parts, we have received the first three instalments. Part L., 
fourteen pages and two plates, deals with the Danaine. Part IL, 
eighteen pages and three plates, treats of the Satyrine, Morphine, 
and a portion of Nymphaline. In Part III. the remainder of the 
Nymphaline and the Hrycinide are considered; there are twenty- 
eight pages and four plates in this section. 

The plates, i.-vil., reproduced from coloured drawings in ‘‘colour- 
type,” are well covered with figures. All the plates are on paper less 
in size than that upon which the text is printed; the latter is a folio, 
10 x 15 inches, whereas the plate-paper is a quarto, 112 x 94 inches. 
Two of the plates, each with a single figure, are not numbered, and 
appear to be ‘‘extras.’”’ Although the leaves bearing the plate ex- 
planations are not numbered, they seem to have been included in the 
enumeration of the pages. 


A List of the Lepidoptera of Shepton Maliet and District, with Remarks as 
to Localities, dc. By W. A. Bocus, F.E.S. 
Tue two hundred and forty-five species, chiefly collected by the 
author, mentioned in this list comprise thirty-two Rhopalocera, eighty- 
six Geometride, and eighty-three Noctuide. 


We have also received the following publications of the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture (Bureau of Entomology) :— 


Bulletin No. 59. Proliferation as a Factor in the National Control of 
the Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil, By W. HE. Hinos, Ph.D. 
Pp. 45, plates 1.-vi. 

Bulletin No. 60. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the 
Association of Economie Entomoloyists. Pp. 1-206, plates i.-iii., 
and several illustrations in text. 

Bulletin No. 62. The San Jose or Chinese Scale. By C. L. Maruarv. 
Pp. 1-89, plates 1.-ix., and 12 text figures. 

Technical Series, No. 12, Part I. Catalogue of recently described 
Coccidea. By J. G. Sanpers, M.A. Pp. 1-18. 

Technical Series, No. 18. A Revision of the Tyroglyphida@ of the United 
States. By Natuan Banxes. Pp. 1-84, plates i.-vi. 

Farmers’ Bulletin, No. 264. The Brown-tail Moth, and How to Control it. 
By L. O. Howarp. Pp. 1-22, and 10 text illustrations. 

Tue moth referred to is the European species Huproctis (Porthesia) 
chrysorrhea, L., which was accidentally introduced into New England 
some fifteen years ago. (See also Dr. Smith’s remarks on this species 
and other Liparid moths, Report of the Entomological Department of the 
New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station for 1905.) 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vou. XL.] MARCH, 1907. [No. 526. 


NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF SOME 
HYMENOPTERA. 


By T. D. A. CockEeREtu. 


In the course of my work I have come across a number of 
names, currently in use for Hymenoptera, which appear to need 
rectification. A brief account of these is given herewith. 


EUGLOSSID. 


Eulema mussitans (Fabr.). 

Apis mussitans, Fabr., 1787. This has been referred by all 
recent writers to H. surinamensis, based on Apis swrinamensis, 
L., Syst. Nat. p. 579, No. 36. It is not, however, A. swrinam- 
ensis, L., Syst. Nat. p. 575, No. 6, which is described as “‘ A. atra, 
alis atro-cerulescentibus, abdominis petiolo obovato. Habitat in 
America, Rolander. Magna, facie Sphegis, sed lingua instructa.”’ 
This latter is a wasp, doubtfully identical with Zethus mexicanus 
(L., 1767). Friese has described a variety from Venezuela, 
which will stand as Hulema mussitans nigrifacies (Friese). 


ANTHOPHORIDE. 
Anthophora atrocincta, Lep., 1841. 


Apis plumipes, Fabricius, 1781 ; not Pallas, 1772. 


South Africa (Dalla Torre wrongly gives the locality as India). 
I have specimens from Dr. Brauns. 


Habropoda montana, Rad., 1882. 

Dalla Torre referred this to Podalirius, and then changed the 
name to P. radoszkowskii, because of the prior P. montanus 
(Cresson). Bingham correctly refers the insect back to Habro- 
poda, but retains Dalla Torre’s specific name, which is quite un- 
necessary. 


ENTOM.—MARCH, 1907. F 


50 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Tetralonia phryne (Nurse), T’. pomona (Nurse), T'. cassandra 
(Nurse). 

These North Indian species are described by Nurse in 1904 
under Hucera, subg. Macrocera, with the remark that Macrocera 
has priority over T'etralonia. Macrocera, however, is a homonym, 
and in my opinion Tetralonia is a valid genus. 


MEGACHILID. 
Megachile mendozana, n.n. 
Megachile cornuta, Smith, Descr. New Sp. Hym. 1879, p. 78; 
Ckll., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1905, p. 841 (Argentine) ; not of 
Latreille, Hist. Nat. Ins. 1805, p. 59. 


ANDRENID. 


Andrena radoszkowskyi, Schmiedeknecht, 1883. 


Andrena fasciata, Radoszkowsky, 1876; not Fabricius, 1775 ; 
not Imhof, 1832. Caucasus. 


Andrena ducis, n. n. 
Andrena transcaspica, Radoszkowsky, 18938; not Radosz- 
kowsky, 1886. 
A. radoszkowskti, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. x. 149 (1896) ; 
not Schmied. 18838. Central Asia. 


MotTILuipa. 


Mutilla cameronella, n. n. | 


Mutilla confusa, Cameron, Biol. Cent.-Amer. 1894, p. 115 
(Panama) ; not of Lepel. 1845. 


Mutilla wallacei, n.n. 

Mutilla nigra, Smith, Journ. Proce. Linn. Soe., Zool., 1858, 

p- 151 (Aru Is.); not of Rossi, 1792. See also E. André, Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Genova, 1896, p. 78 (New Guinea). 


Mutilla sahare, n.n. 

Mutilla fasciata, Klug, Symb. Phys. 1829 (Sahara) ; not of 
Olivier, 1811. 

M. (Stenomutilla) argentata var. aucta, Lep., cannot take the 
earlier name bifasciata, Klug, 1829, because of the still earlier 
bifasciata, Swederus, 1787 (= occidentalis, L.). However, the 
name rondani, Spinola, is two years older than aucta. 


ScoLipDA. 
Compsomeris druryi, 0. n. 
Vespa maculata, Drury, 1773 ; not of Linné, 17638. 
Scolia quadrimaculata, Fabricius, 1804; not of Fabricius, 
17%. Jamaica. 


ORTHOPTERA IN 1905 anv 1906. 51 


LaRRIDm. 
Dinetus pictus (Fabr.). 
Sphex guttata, Fabricius, 1793; not of Gmelin, 1790. 


The name D. pictus, commonly used by authors, is wrongly 
made to give way to D. guttatus in Dalla Torre’s catalogue. 


CRABRONID&. 


} 


Crabro dives schenckit, n. n. 
Crabro pictus, Schenck, Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau, 1857 ; 
not of Fabricius, 1798 (= Dinetus). 


Solenius rufipes (Lep.). 
Crabro rufipes (Lep.) Smith, was described under Ceratocolus. 
If it is left in Crabro it must take the name C. excavatus, Fox, 
because of C. rufipes, Fabr., 1787 (? = Cerceris tuberculata) ; but 
if we follow Ashmead in placing it in Solenius, the original name 
remains. 


ORTHOPTERA IN 1905 AND 1906. 
By W. J. -liucss, B-At, E.ECS. 


NerirHer in 1905 nor in 1906 did anything of special interest 
with regard to our Orthoptera come under my ken; still, as the 
sum of our knowledge is made up of details, it will not be out of 
place to put on record even the trivialities that have been noted, 
seeing especially that it is in consequence of such small details 
not being recorded that our knowledge of this order is so incom- 
plete. There are, in fact, some counties in England (Shropshire, 
for instance) of whose orthopterous fauna we seem to have abso- 
lutely no records whatever, and yet surely there are some 
naturalists who could tell us at least if fhe common earwig and 
the kitchen cockroach exist there, for we cannot be said to know 
that they do. 

1905. On February 25th male specimens of Forficula auri- 
cularia were found inside dead and hollow stems of deadly night- 
shade (Atropa belladonna) on the Roman Road, near Leather- 
head. Specimens found hybernating are usually females, but 
this find seems to indicate that the males hybernate also. Of 
this species one or two aberrations were met with. A dark 
female was taken by Mr. F. M. Carr in the New Forest in April. 
Mr. R. A. R. Priske kindly gave me a male with aberrant forceps 
(the left branch being normal, but the right as large as in var. 
forcipata), which he took at Deal in September. Amongst a 
number of earwigs found in a garden in the town of Warwick 
(September 7th-11th) was a male with very abnormal forceps 

F 2 


52 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(=cerci). They are long and slender, but the chief peculiarity 
is that they are soldered together at the base, while the distal 
part seems to be jointed to the basal, which, if this is the 
meaning of the peculiarity, is of interest in connection with the 
fact that the cerci of other Orthoptera are regularly jointed. 
Commander Walker has succeeded in adding somewhat to our 
knowledge of the distribution of Forficula lesnei. He was kind 
enough to give me a female which he took at Queendown 
Warren, near Chatham, Kent, probably in 1899; while he tells 
me that he took a female in moss at Streatley, Berks, on the 
21st October, 1905. This second specimen was no doubt hyber- 
nating. 

As regards the short-horned grasshoppers (Acridians), the 
little hybernating species, T'ettix bipunctatus, was found in the 
New Forest on April 1st. Of the rest, Gomphocerus maculatus 
was the first that I met with mature, the locality being near 
Oxshott, Surrey, and the date July 17th. On the downs near 
Clandon, Surrey, grasshoppers were seldom mature on July 
20th. Mecostethus grossus still continues to show itself in new 
localities in the New Forest; in fact, one seldom examines in 
August one of the numerous bogs without meeting with this 
large and handsome species. Its habits are most interesting to 
watch in freedom, while, if fed on grass and not kept in too 
dry a place, it will live for some time and its habits may be 
watched, in captivity. Stenobothrus rufipes, of both sexes, was 
found in a ride in Perry Wood, in the New Forest, on August 
9th. This species in captivity also feeds readily off grass, eating 
along the margin of the leaf. One was kept alive thus for six or 
seven weeks, and it only succumbed about October 14th. Of 
S. bicolor, both sexes were taken at Hurst Castle on August 7th. 
The much less common species, S. elegans, was met with twice 
in the New Forest. On August 8th a female was taken near 
Highland Water, just beyond Queen’s Mead, and it was found 
much more commonly at Matley Bog on August 23rd. No other 
grasshoppers seemed to be present with it at the latter locality, 
where more females were noticed than males. Many of the 
former were green, but some were of a rather rich brown colour ; 
the streak on each side, both on wings and pronotum, is often 
very conspicuous in this sex, in which also the elytra do not 
reach to the extremity of the abdomen. The males are more 
active than the females. Mr. A. H. Hamm took the species at 
the Deal sand-hills, where the specimens were brownish in 
colour, harmonising with the soil, as the green ones did with 
the grass in the New Forest. 8S. parallelus was taken near 
Warwick on September 10th, and on Arbrook Common, Surrey, 
on October 1st. Gomphocerus maculatus was noted by myself at 
Need’s Ore, Hants, on August 10th ; while Colone! Yerbury gave 
me a specimen taken at Nairn, in Scotland, on the 8rd. The 


ORTHOPTERA IN 1905 anv 1906. 53 - 


peculiar little Tettix bipunctatus was met with at Horsley on 
May 27th, and at Bookham Common on May 31st; while Colonel 
Yerbury gave me Scotch specimens taken at Nairn on May 18th 
and June 6th, at Brodie on June 5th, and at Nethy Bridge on 
June 15th. 

Of the long-horned grasshoppers (Locustids), I have records 
of but three species. Mr. B. G. Cooper gave me a female speci- 
men of Locusta viridissima, which he took on the downs near. 
Swanage, well “ protected”’ on a furze-bush. Mr. H. M. Hdel- 
sten sent me specimens of Platycleis grisea, taken at Dartmouth 
at sugar, which they were eating. He says ‘‘one female was 
laying eges in one of the posts; it had its ovipositor thrust 
deeply into a chink in the wood. What curious black cigar- 
shaped things the eggs are! One female had the top of its 
head and the plate on the thorax quite red. Females were more 
plentiful than males.” Twofemales of P. brachyptera were taken 
near Oxshott on September 30th, and kept in captivity. About 
a week later one partly devoured the other. Whether the victim 
became moribund, or whether it was forcibly overcome by the 
other, I cannot say; but, as was clear from movements of its 
jaws, it was not lifeless while the other was feeding upon it. 
Grass had been supplied to them, but I cannot say that they fed 
on it, and it soon got dry each time. L. viridissima has been 
credited with similar tendencies, and possibly few of our Ortho- 
ptera are entirely without carnivorous, if not cannibalistic, 
habits. 

1906. On January 14th, in a damp rotting tree-stump on 
Esher Common, a male Forficula auricularia was found hyber- 
nating, thus confirming my observation of the hybernation of 
this sex in 1905. On January 28th—also on Esher Common—I 
found beneath some Scotch firs, about two or three inches under 
ground, a female of this species, with her eggs, near the rhizome 
of a bracken-fern. They were placed in a glass-topped box with 
a little moss and soil. Later, the mother was seen carefully 
hunting over the soil, and, on finding an egg, picking it up and 
carrying it away in her jaws to the shelter of the moss out of 
sight. On January 31st there was a little heap of sixteen eggs. 
Though they are fairly large, this seems a small number; but 
perhaps some were lost when I inadvertently brought them to 
light in the woods. The egg is just over a millimeter long, and 
just under one broad ; it is yellowish in colour, with perhaps a 
faint tinge of green, and appears to have no markings. On 
February 2nd, and on the morning of February 3rd, the mother 
was apparently ‘‘ brooding over her eggs,” but after that they 
seemed to be scattered and neglected. On February 7th they 
were in the same state, and on examination with a lens I found 
several, at least, were bent in on one side ; I concluded that they 
were dead, and that the mother knew the fact. This date 


- 


54 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(January 28th) seems early for eggs; and, indeed, on April 25th, 
in the New Forest, I found, in a piece of a decaying branch on 
the ground, two females of the same species, together with some 
eggs and some very young nymphs. J’. auricularia was noticed 
at sugar in the New Forest on August 27th and in Kew Gardens 
on September 22nd. On November 24th Commander Walker 
took a male F’. lesnei in a tuft of grass at Headington Wick, near 
Oxford. This capture is of special interest as pointing to the 
fact that of this species also the male hybernates as well as the 
female. The branches of the forceps were rather more parallel 
than usual. The same energetic naturalist sent me a number of 
specimens of Anisolabis annulipes from the ‘‘ sack-heap ”’ on the 
premises of the Sheppey Glue and Chemical Works, Queen- 
borough. He says they were more common than he had seen 
them before, but Apterygida arachidis was quite rare. 

Ectobia panzeri, our smallest cockroach, was found in the 
New Forest by Blackwater Stream, near Queen’s Bower, on 
August 10th ; near Beaulieu River, on August 18th; at Holms- 
ley (two dark ones), on August 21st; and near Ober Water 
Stream, not far from Brockenhurst (one dark specimen), on 
August 31st. Neither EZ. lapponica nor E. livida, though specially 
sought for, could be found. 

This season a mature Gomphocerus maculatus was found on 
Ksher Common as early as June 23rd, while a Stenobothrus 
viridulus was taken mature in the same place on July 8rd. The 
latter species I was pleased to receive from Mr. K. J. Morton, 
taken at Carluke, in Scotland, on August 6th; and at Emyvale, 
Co. Monaghan, in Ireland, July 20th-30th. In the New Forest, 
on September 2nd, I attempted to catch what I took to be a pair 
of the large hornet-fly (Asilus crabroniformis). One flew away, 
however, as I approached, and the other fell to the ground. 
What was my surprise to find that the latter was a male Meco- 
stethus grossus, dead, or apparently so! The prey was as large 
as the captor. Stenobothrus bicolor was noted or received from 
several localities—near Lulworth Cove, August 28th; at Kings- 
ley, Bucks, September 5th; on the White Horse Hills, Berks, 
near the ‘‘ Blowing-stone” and Letcombe Bassett, September 
Sth ; near Newland’s Corner, Surrey, September 11th ; Great 
Malvern ; Kew Gardens; the Royal Horticultural Gardens at 
Wisley, Surrey; and at Chiswick (A. Sich), on October 8th, in 
the road near a meadow. ‘The last record is of interest owing to 
the approach of London in that direction. On August 21st, near 
Holmsley Station, in the New Forest, S. elegans was met with in 
large numbers near boggy ground. Several localities for the 
common S. parallelus were noticed—near the Itchin at Eastleigh, 
August 14th; near Lulworth Cove, August 28th; near Ilmer, 
and at Kingsley, Bucks, September 5th; on Chilswell Hill, 
Berks, September 7th; near the ‘‘ Blowing-stone’”’ and Let- 


SCOTCH LEPIDOPTERA IN 1906. 5D 


combe Bassett, September 8th ; near Newland’s Corner, Septem- 
ber 11th; Beachy Head, September 20th; and Kew Gardens, 
September 22nd. Tettix bipwnctatus was found near the Itchin 
at Kastleigh on August 14th, and was received from the Royal 
Horticultural Society's Gardens at Wisley. 

To turn now to the Locustids. Leptophyes punctatissima and 
Meconema varium were received from Hanwell (W. M. Webb), 
having been taken on September 4th, and the latter was also 
received from the Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens at 
Wisley. M. varium came to sugar in the New Forest on August 
23rd and 27th, and in Kew Gardens on September 22nd. Mr. H. 
M. Edelsten sent me specimens of the local Xiphidium dorsale, 
which he found very common on reeds at night in the Norfolk 
Broads on July 28th and 29th. A specimen of Thamnotrizon 
cinereus came to sugar in the New Forest on August 27th. The 
last grasshoppers seen by me were a female Platycleis brachyptera, 
near Oxshott, Surrey, on October 6th, and another female of 
the same species on Esher Common, in the same district, on 
October 14th. 


Kingston-on-Thames: February, 1907. 


SCOTCH LEPIDOPTERA IN 1906. 
By A. E. Gipss, F.L.S. 


Durine the greater part of the past season, Mr. L. G. Esson 
was collecting for me in Perthshire, Aberdeenshire, or Elgin, and 
a summary of the results achieved may be worth putting on 
record. Work began on the 20th of March, when Mr. EKsson, 
who had reached Struan the previous night, arrived at Rannoch 
to search for Petasia nubeculosa. Six hours’ work in the far- 
famed Black Wood yielded only half a dozen specimens of 
Semioscopus avellanella, an insect which was subsequently taken 
in large numbers. The next day’s exertions, however, were 
attended by better luck, for one Asphalia flavicornis and two 
“* sprawlers ’—one of each sex—rewarded his careful search of 
the birch-trunks. The nubeculosa were freshly emerged speci- 
mens, but unfortunately the male bled rather badly on its 
journey to England, which slightly spoiled it for cabinet pur- 
poses. On the 22nd another was taken, and between that date 
and the end of the month seven others were secured. Only 
twice were two specimens found on the same day. ‘Two small 
batches of eggs were obtained, numbering twelve and thirteen 
respectively, but, as one of my boxes got smashed in the post, 
about half of them were lost. During my absence from home 


56 THE’ ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Mr. P. J. Barraud kindly took charge of them for me, and nine 
young larve resulted. ‘These were fed up on birch, sleeved out 
in my garden, and left pretty much to their own devices. Six of 
them successfully pupated at the end of June in some blocks of 
peat placed in the bottom of the sleeve, and I suppose it is 
possible I may have to wait four or five years before the moths 
emerge. My short series of ten ‘‘ sprawlers’’ exhibits consider- 
able variation in the intensity of colouring, one male being 
exceptionally light, while in the ground colour of another speci- 
men (a female) there is a suffusion of reddish brown. ‘The 
A. flavicornis, of which a number were taken in March and 
April, are of the usual Rannoch form (var. scotica of Staudinger, 
I think), many of them handsome, boldly-marked insects with 
large silver-grey patches on the costa. They vary in the number 
and intensity of the transverse markings, and lack the greenish- 
grey appearance of our southern forms. Sugaring during these 
early months of the year did not yield very good results, only a 
few hybernated specimens of Cerastes vaccinii, Scopelosoma satel- 
litia and Calocampa exoleta appearing. The weather was cold 
and discouraging, and at the end of the month of March I with- 
drew my collector for a time; but about the middle of April 
I sent him back to Perthshire, with the object, chiefly, of getting 
a series of Nyssia lapponaria, and this proved to be one of the 
most successful quests of a bad year, notwithstanding the con- 
tinual rain and sleet which prevailed. Mr. Esson describes it as 
rough work searching for N. lapponaria amid bogs and boulders, 
the long wet vegetation proving very destructive to shoe-leather. 
The insects are to be discovered settled on the branches of 
heather and bog-myrtle, but may also be found on posts and 
fences. After a fall of snow the apterous females resemble little 
snowballs, and are not easily seen. Several travelled to Hert- 
fordshire safely in chip-boxes, and they deposited eggs freely in 
the folds of crumpled pieces of muslin; between the layers of 
fragments of corrugated packing-board with which I supplied 
them; in the crevices of chip-boxes; or, indeed, in any cranny 
into which they could insect their long ovipositors. This is not 
an easy species to rear. I distributed a good many ova, but it is 
to be feared that few pup have resulted, and it remains to be 
seen from how many of these moths will emerge safely. A few 
varieties of J’eniocampa gothica and T'. instabilis were taken 
during April and May. Lobophora carpinata was abundant, and 
in the latter month a few nice varieties of Cidaria suffumata were 
secured. Bad weather continued to interfere with collecting, 
but a very satisfactory lot of Anarta cordigera made prospects 
appear more cheerful. On May 19th, in company with Mr. T. 
Salvage—who, I believe, was working at Rannoch for a syndicate 
—Mr. Esson found A. cordigera flying “ all over the hills,” in a 
gale of wind, which made them difficult to catch. Returning at 


SCOTCH LEPIDOPTERA IN 1906. 57 


five o’clock in the afternoon, to search for them at rest, they were 
successful in obtaining rather a long series. Mr. Esson tells me 
that his experience shows that they do not habitually settle on 
the ground, as has been stated, but on stones about the size of a 
man’s head; and the way to secure them is to stalk them with 
the sun in your face, a swift down stroke with the net being 
necessary. He further expresses the opinion that cordigera will 
not pair unless the sun is shining. Fidonia carbonaria was not 
very plentiful in 1906; a month’s hard work only resulted in 
the capture of about a score of specimens. The weather con- 
tinued to be most disheartening, and at the end of May I with- 
drew Mr. Esson from Rannoch ; but in a day or two it cleared 
up and appeared more promising, so we decided to try again. 
He went back, and on June 9th sent me the first lot of Anarta 
melanopa, among them being a curious dwarf form. On account 
of the storms it was very difficult to obtain this insect in good 
condition, most of those sent to me being more or less “ bald- 
headed.” Two specimens of Crymodes exulis, of the assimilis 
form, were taken at sugar on the north side of the loch. 

We were anxious to obtain pupe of Pachnobia alpina, but, 
although a careful search was made among the moss in the usual 
localities, it unfortunately proved futile, though I believe Mr. 
Salvage met with better success. Sugar during June and July 
produced a good series of Hadena rectilinea, H. contigua, H. 
adusta, Noctua brunnea, N. festiva (rather varied), Xylophasia 
rurea (some pretty silvery forms), six Aplecta occulta, four A. 
herbida, and twelve A. tincta. An interesting lot of Cymatophora 
duplaris were secured, and other things worth mention include 
Nemeophila var. hospita, Acronycta myrice, A. ligustri, A. meny- 
anthidis, Stilbia anomala, and Hadena glauca. Two specimens of 
Plusia bractea were taken on August 1st at honeysuckle-bloom. 
Among the Geometers, the best things were Larentia flavicinctata, 
of which eleven were obtained on Schiehallion on a wet day at 
the beginning of August. Some interesting forms of Cidaria 
corylata came from Corrie Wood, where also the Scotch form of 
Drepana faleataria, with white ground colour, was found sparingly. 
Of Hmmelesia ericetata and E. blandiata, long but not very variable 
series were sent, and other Geometers in the collection included 
E. alchemillata, E. albulata, Melanthia ocellata, Melanippe tris- 
tata, M. sociata, Coremia munitata, Cidaria miata, immanata 
(some striking forms), Larentia cesiata, Zonosoma pendularia, 
&e. Scopula alpinalis was abundant on the mountains and in 
fine condition. 

During the greater part of August, Mr. Esson worked in the 
neighbourhood of Aberdeen, whence he sent me, among other 
things, Mamestra furva, Noctua sobrina, Agrotis lucernea, Orthosia 
suspecta, Calocampa solidaginis, and other insects, for which this 
locality is famous. On the 27th of that month he went to Forres, 


58 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


but bad weather again interfered with his work. Here the bag 
included two pleasing varieties of Triphena orbona, four Aporo- 
phyla nigra, two Cosmia paleacea, and two Noctua depuncta, 
& species which was practically over, the specimens being much 
worn. 


Kitchener’s Meads, St. Albans. 


‘*“CURRENT CRITICISM.” 
By G. W. Kirxaupy. 


I cannot accept Mr. Distant’s explanation (Hintom. xl. 2) of the 
mistake he has made in the synonymy of Cicadetta annulata and 
hagent. Mr. Distant (on p. 166 of the ‘ Catalogue of Cicadide’) 
first positively gives Hagen’s annulata as a synonym of Brullé’s, 
then (on p. 168) cites it as a supposed separate species. If he 
had intended to mean that Hagen’s species was composite, he 
would, as elsewhere in the Catalogue, have written ‘‘ (part) ” 
after each citation. Fieber does not give, as a synonym of 
hagent, ‘‘ part of Hagen’s species,’ but the whole, and the two 
forms are still regarded as distinct by the best palearctic 
authority, viz. Dr.-Puton. The fact is that Mr. Distant, by 
mistake, inadvertently cited ‘‘ Cicada annulata, Hagen,” as a 
synonym of C. annulata, Brullé; and on p. 166 of the Catalogue 
the entire reference to Hagen under ‘‘annulata” should be 
deleted. I was not carping at what is really a trivial error, but 
simply pointing it out for adjustment. 

Mr. Distant has misunderstood my remarks on Amyot’s 
mononymics. It is absurd to suppose that I was not aware that 
Stal and Karsch adopted them. I did not say Amyot’s mono- 
nymics have no place in the literature of binomial nomenclature, 
but that they ‘‘ have no place in binomial nomenclature,” i. e. 
they cannot be justly used therein. Amyot founded his system 
expressly to supplant that of Linneus, and anyone who will read 
Amyot’s preface, and study the application of the names in the 
body of the work, will, I am sure, at once rule them out of court 
for use in binomial nomenclature. 

The remark that accuracy of dates seems to be a minor 
matter with Mr. Distant was an expression of my opinion, 
founded on solid facts. It will be necessary only to refer to one 
of Mr. Distant’s most recent publications, viz. the ‘Fauna of 
British India’—Rhynchota, vols. 1.-11. (1908-6), and pick out 
citations at random :— 

Leptocorus, Hahn—vol. 1. p. 418—(wrongly cited as a syno- 
nym of Serinetha, which is of later date) was founded 1833, not 
1831; many of Hahn and Schaffer’s genera in the ‘ Wanzen- 


‘*GURRENT CRITICISM.” 59 


artigen Insecten’ are wrongly dated by Mr. Distant, often by 
three or four years. 

Metacanthus—vol. i. 422—was erected by Fieber, Kur. Hem. 
55 (1860), not 213 (1861), and so with most of Fieber’s genera 
cited from this work. 

Nabis—vol. ii. 899—was founded 1802, not 1807. 

*‘ Nabis viridulus, Spin.—ii. 402—was proposed 1837, not 
1840, and this applies to other citations of Spinola’s ‘ Essai.’”’ 

* Aphana pulchella, Guér.”—iii. 203. The text of the ‘Co- 
quille’ was published in 1838, not 1880. 

‘‘ Aphena variegata’’—ili. 204—should be dated 1883, not 
1834. 

Polydictya, Guér.—iii. 215. The ‘ texte” of the Icon. 
Régne Anim. was not published before 1844, probably not till 
1845. Mr. Distant cites 1830-4 ! 

The correct dates of these have all been published in the 
‘Entomologist,’ some of them many years ago. I do not expect 
Mr. Distant to accept without confirmation my notes on dates 
and synonymy, but if he chooses to disregard them without 
examination he cannot claim exemption from criticism. 

With regard to the classification of the Miride (or Capside), 
it is a pity that Mr. Distant neglected to read the papers he 
cites. 

I did not, as Mr. Distant affirms, propose a new classification, 
but distinctly stated (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxil. p. 117) that 
the object of my list was simply to enumerate the genera, geno- 
types, &c., and that it should be considered as a bibliographical 
contribution. I followed the latest Reuterian system known to 
me, adding the Hypselecini, Fulviini, and Clivinemini, founded 
by Reuter himself, together with seven monotypic tribes whose 
position was very doubtful. This, according to Mr. Distant, was 
my new classification! It may be added that—lke Reuter and 
all those, in fact, who have studied the Miride—it was the very 
numerous and very insufficiently characterized genera of Mr. 
Distant that rendered fuller elaboration impossible. 

It was some time after the “‘list’’ had passed the final proof 
—and, indeed, after partial issue as “ published ’’**—that I 
received Dr. Reuter’s classification. I at once studied it, and 
have come to the conclusion that it is a remarkable piece of work, 
and probably represents the real classification of known forms 
very closely, although I recognize that many of the characters 
used are very subtle, and render the study of this difficult group 
even harder. Of. the fifty-six ‘‘ addenda and emendanda’”’ made 
in the ‘Canadian Entomologist’ (and, through a misunder- 
standing, also issued in my Separata of the ‘‘ list,” as pp. 156 a— 
156 b, though I do not think they have been actually published), 


*« The earlier pages are dated ‘* March, 1906,” but I cannot accept this as 
‘* publication.” 


60 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


a considerable proportion are minor typographical errors, un- 
fortunately inevitable in papers consisting mostly of names and 
numbers. Most of the others are inserted to bring the “list”’ 
into line, as far as possible, with Reuter’s work.* 

Regarding Angerianus, Mr. Distant is in error; if he will 
refer to the ‘Canadian Entomologist,’ p. 874, he will see that I 
have deleted it from the list of unrecognized genera. Those who 
have had occasion to wrestle with Mr. Distant’s genera will not 
wonder that I have slipped up occasionally. 

I could write a good deal more on this subject, but desire to 
keep strictly to Mr. Distant’s note. Those who are interested in 
the matter can refer to Reuter’s paper (‘‘ Hemipterologische 
Spekulationen, I. Die Klassification der Capsiden,” in ‘ Fest- 
schrift fur Palmen,’ no. 1, pp. 1-58 (dated 1905) ). 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF TINGIDIDA 
FROM HONOLULU. 


By W. L. Distanr. 


I RECENTLY received four specimens of a Tingid from Mr. 
Jacob Kotinsky, Assistant Entomologist to the Board of Com- 
missioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, with a request 
that 1 would identify the species. It had been determined by 
Mr. Kirkaldy as T'eleonemia bifasciata, Champ., a species de- 
seribed from Central America; but from this it is quite distinct 
—by the markings of the elytra, the less prominently curved 
outer discal carinations of the pronotum, and the shorter apical 
joint to the antenne. Under Champion’s name it therefore 
appears in the Entomological Report for 1905 of the Territory 
of Hawai. A figure is also given of the species, but in printing 
the same the dark fasciz to the elytra have not been reproduced. 
Mr. Kotinsky states in the above-mentioned Report that it is an 
introduced insect, and that it ‘‘ has inflicted terrible injury upon 
lantana.”’ 

The following is a description of this Tingid :— 


Teleonemia lantane, sp.n. 

Head, pronotum, antenne, and body beneath dull fuscous ; elytra 
brownish ochraceous, the discoidal area with two longitudinal piceous 
or black fasciz#, the innermost broadest and curved, the outermost 
more slender, straighter, and broken; sutural area with an undulating, 
oblique, central fascia, and an outer submarginal narrower and more 
broken fascia, piceous or black; femora fuscous, the tibie pale ochra- 


* IT have no doubt there are other errors of synonymy, &c., yet to be ad- 
justed, and will be obliged to my colleagues for advice of the same. 


NOMENCLATORIAL NOTES ON THE RHYNCHOTA. 61 


ceous, with their apices and bases narrowly piceous, tarsi piceous ; 
antenne moderately stout, first and second joints about equal in 
length, fourth about as long as first and second united; pronotum 
prominently palely tricarinate, the lateral margins also carinate ; of 
the three discal carinations, the outermost are only slightly curved, 
and a little inwardly turned towards base, the interspaces rugulose and 
finely punctate; elytra long, constricted behind the middle, rounded 
at apex; costal area with small, distinct, subhyaline, creamy-white 
areolets, their dividing lines fuscous; sutural area with an apical 
cluster of creamy-white areolets. Long. 84 to 4 millim. 


Hab. Honolulu, Oaku (J. Kotinsky). 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL AND NOMENCLATORIAL NOTES 
ON -THE RHYNCHOTA. 


By G. W. KirKaupy. 


In the ‘Entomologist’ for December (p. 274), Mr. Distant 
comments upon certain hemipterous genera recently discussed 
nomenclatorially by me. 

The review in ‘Nature’ of July 5th (lxxiv. p. 220) was the 
first intimation I received that the third volume of Mr. Distant’s 
work on Indian Hemiptera had been published. The sixth of 
my bibliographical notes (Entom. 1906, pp. 247-9) was sent 
away before that, and as, in the ‘Entomologist’ for January, 
1906 (p. 8), Mr. Distant had proposed names for certain pre- 
occupied genera (in the Fulgoroidea) erected by Melichar in 1903, 
I naturally concluded that the English author had overlooked 
the preoccupation of ‘ Kirbya,” about which I had, indeed, 
written to Melichar in 1904. As it was, I wrote to the Editor, 
hoping to cancel it, but was too late.. My synonymic note on 
Coanaco was also despatched before Mr. Distant’s correction was 
published. These matters are, of course, of trivial importance, 
and, indeed, inevitable where two or more workers are traversing 
parts of the same ground. 

The discarding of Opinus (even if possible, which I do not 
admit) would not render Sminthocoris valid, as Tapeinus would 
still be available. 

I was quite aware of the existence of Penthicodes, which is a 
strict synonym of Aphena. It was not founded for a special 
type, but expressly to replace the preoccupied Penthicus, which 
also was expressly erected to replace Aphena, which was sup- 
posed to be preoccupied by Aphanus. The types of Aphena, 
Penthicus, and Penthicodes are therefore one and the same, as 
indicated already. 


62, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ON SOME NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN VESPIDA. 
By P. Cameron. 


ZETHOIDES, Cam., non Fox. 


The name of this genus I changed into Plesiozethus in the 
‘Entomologist,’ 1904, p. 269. Mr. Albert Schulz, not being 
aware of this, has proposed for it, in his laborious work, ‘ Spolia 
Hymenopterologica,’ p. 218, 1906, the name of Metazethoides, 
which is, of course, useless. 


Zethus (Didymogastra) lamellicollis, sp. nov. 


Black, densely covered with fulvous pubescence ; the clypeus, 
mandibles, except the apex and lower edge, under side of antennal 
scape, two small spots over the antenne, a line behind the raised keel 
of pronotum, a small spot on the sides of scutellum, two lines on centre 
of post-scutellum, two longish pyriform marks (thenarrowed end above) 
on the metanotum, a broad line on the sides of apex of abdominal 
petiole, with an oblique incision on the apex above and continued as a 
broader mark, narrowed on the inner side to near the middle of the 
segment above, and lines on the apices of the second to fifth segments, 
and a curved spot (the narrowed end at the base) on the apex of the 
petiole of second segment, bright lemon-yellow; the apical half of 
anterior femora, the middle in front, the apex of the hinder below, and 
the tibize except behind of a paler yellow colour. Flagellum of 
antenne orange-yellow below towards the apex. Wings hyaline, 
suffused with fuscous, the nervures and stigma black. ¢g. Total 
length, 17 mm. 


North Mexico. 


Antenne with a stout hook, narrowed towards the apex. Clypeus 
wider than long, its apex black, and bearing two short, black, widely 
separated teeth ; the punctuation is distinct, but not very strong or 
close. Mandibles with three teeth, the basal two shorter and blunter 
than the apical. Front and vertex closely, strongly punctured; the 
temples broad, roundly narrowed, the occiput sharply keeled. Ocelli 
in an equilateral triangle, the latter separated from each other by the 
same distance they are from the eyes. Base of thorax raised into 
a transverse plate, which forms a furrow with the part behind, and is 
continued along the pronotum to near the tegule, this lateral plate 
becoming shorter towards the apex. Mesonotum strongly, closely 
punctured, more closely on the basal than on the apical half; the 
former has a keel down the middle. Scutellum more shining and less 
pilose than the mesonotum ; its punctures are more widely separated ; 
it is not raised above the mesonotum.  Post-scutellum rounded, 
broadly narrowed towards the apex; strongly punctured and covered 
with long hair. Metanotum with a rather steep slope, stoutly, 
obliquely striated. Propleure smooth, the mesopleure rather strongly 
punctured ; the metapleure opaque, obscurely striated. Abdominal 
petiole smooth, shining, as long as the thorax, the basal third narrowed, 
the rest forming an elongated oval, depressed above at the apex; the 


ON SOME NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN VESPID®. 63 


second segment with a narrow, cylindrical petiole, fully half the 
length of the rest, which forms a triangle, transverse at the apex, 
where there is a row of large punctures; thesecond margin is strongly 
reflexed ; the apical half of the segment sparsely, weakly punctured, 
the following three segments are more coarsely and closely punctured. 
Tegule black, yellow at base and apex. 


Comes nearest apparently to Z. chicotencatl, Sauss., the male 
of which is unknown. It belongs to Saussure’s Section B. of 
Didymogastra, which contains only South American species up 
till now. 

Zethus (Didymogastra) claripennis, sp. nov. 

Black, densely covered with a grey pile; a broad band on the apex 
of the clypeus (almost the apical third), a line on apex of pronotum, 
two squarish spots on apical half of scutellum, two large marks on 
apex of metanotum, straight on inner side, rounded and narrowed on 
outer side, a line on the apex of first abdominal segment above, a 
broader, more irregular mark on the apical third of the sides, its base 
narrowed, a line on the apical two-thirds of the base of the narrowed 
part of the second segment, and a line round the apex of the latter, 
bright lemon-yellow. Apical joints of antenne pale orange below. 
Wings hyaline, iridescent, the nervures and stigma black. ¢. Total 
length, 14 mm. 


North Mexico. 


Antenne ending in a thickened spiral. Clypeus not much wider 
than long, densely pilose, weakly, sparsely punctured, the punctures 
hid by the dense white pile; the apex with a short blunt tooth on 
either side of the centre. Front and vertex rugosely punctured ; the 
ocelli almost in a curve, the hinder separated from each other by about 
the same distance they are from the eyes. Mandibles ending in two 
teeth, the apical much larger than the basal. Mesonotum closely, 
regularly, rather strongly punctured, without keels or furrows. Scu- 
tellums more shining and less closely punctured, the apex of post- 
scutellum broad. Metanotum obliquely sloped, depressed in the 
middle, irregularly, transversely striated. Abdominal petiole longish 
pyriform, two-thirds of the length of the thorax, not much narrowed 
at the base, the top weakly, the sides more strongly punctured. The 
narrowed base of the second segment is one-fourth of the length of the 
rest, which forms a triangle, not much longer than it is wide at the 
apex, which is flat, weakly punctured; the second border broad, re- 
flexed. The thorax is not quite twice longer than wide, almost trans- 
verse at the base, where there is a reflexed margin ; the apex becomes 
gradually narrowed from the base towards the apex. 


Zethus (Didymogastra) fulvo-hirtus, sp. nov. 

Black ; the top of the head and of the thorax densely covered with 
fulvous pubescence; the pubescence on the rest of the body not so 
dense, and paler; the first abdominal segment almost bare, the 
second covered with a pale fulvous pile; the under side of the antennal 
scape, the raised base of thorax, a small spot on the sides of scutellum, 
an interrupted line on the post-scutellum, two longish broad marks on 
the metanotum, straight on the inner side, rounded and narrowed on the 


64 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


outer, a bifid mark, broad and rounded on the inner, longer and 
narrower on the outer sides on the apex of the first abdominal segment, 
and narrow lines all round the apices of the second to fifth abdominal 
segments, bright lemon-yellow. Flagellum at the base and apex below 
dark brown. Wings hyaline, very iridescent, narrowly smoky along 
the fore margin. ?. Total length, 16 mm. 

Nicaragua. 

The narrowed basal part of the abdominal petiole is about one- 
fourth of the whole; it becomes gradually thickened above and 
laterally ; the apex is depressed above; the narrowed base of the 
second is a little more than one-fourth of the whole. The first and 
second are impunctate, except the apex of the latter, where there is a 
punctured belt. The third, fourth, and fifth segments are strongly 
punctured. The pronotal crest is conspicuous, and extends almost 
half-way down the sides. Mesonotum and scutellums smooth, shining, 
except the part at base of scutellum, which is strongly striated. Centre 
of metanotum strongly striated, the top lateral angles as strongly, 
obliquely striated, the strie twisted; there is a stout keel down its 
centre. Mesopleure strongly, closely punctured, the pro- and meta- 
pleure smooth. Front and vertex rather strongly and closely punc- 
tured; the ocelli in a triangle, the hinder separated from each other 
by a greater distance than they are from the eyes; they are placed 
opposite the end of the eyes. Clypeus rounded, its apex broad, 
clearly separated, transverse, smooth, shining, the shining part broader 
in the middle. Temples roundly, obliquely narrowed. ‘There is a 
stout keel down the basal half of the mesonotum, it being bordered by 
a shorter, thinner one on the base. The four anterior tibie are yellow 
in front, and there is a narrow yellow line on the outer edge of the 
hinder; the apex of fore femora narrowly, of the middle more broadly, 
yellow. Mandibles with two broad apical teeth. Scutellum flat. The 
second lamina of second abdominal segment is narrow, distinctly re- 
flexed. The post-scutellum becomes gradually narrowed towards the apex. 


Allied to Z. chicotencatl, Sauss., and tubulifer, Sauss., from 
Mexico. (To be continued.) 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Tur Enromorocican Cius.—A meeting of this old-established Club 
was held on January 22nd last, in the Entomological Salon, Holborn 
Restaurant. Mr. G. H. Verrall in the chair. Members and invited 
guests began to assemble soon after 6.80 p.m., and by 8.80 p.m.—at 
which time supper was served—there were over seventy present. 
Supper being over, Mr. Verrall first proposed the toast of ‘‘ The King,” 
and afterwards that of ‘‘ The Entomological Club.” In moving the 
latter, he adverted to the fact that having been elected a member of 
the Club in 1887, it was the twenty-first occasion on which it had 
been his privilege and pleasure to occupy the chair. He also 
remarked that although membership of the Club was limited to eight, 
still they could elect honorary members, and that these would be 
eligible in their turn to fill up such vacancies as might occur on the 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 65 


roll. Touching on the subject of the property of the Club in the 
shape of its collections of insects, he stated that he had lately seen 
these, and noted that the specimens therein were in good order, and 
well cared for by Mr. Lowne, the curator, in whose possession they 
still remained. The delightful violin solos by Mr. Jacoby greatly 
augmented the pleasure of the evening. 


Lappyema exigua.—On August 25th last I took a specimen of this 
insect on a gas-lamp near Poole, Dorset, and two days later, when out 
with Mr. W. G. Hooker, of Bournemouth, we captured a second, on a 
lamp at the same place. As the first specimen was a female I kept it 
alive, and on the night of August 26th it laid about a hundred and 
twenty-five ova in a chip-box. I kept about seventy-five of these, and 
they emerged on August 31st, The young larve fed up easily on dock, 
and commenced to pupate at the end of September, the perfect insects 
emerging at the end of October and beginning of November, with the 
aid of a little artificial heat. I bred forty-four perfect specimens, but 
the percentage bred would no doubt have been larger but for the fact 
that I had to disturb the larve just as they were spinning up, so that 
several died in pupating. The moths are quite handsome little insects, 
the markings on the fore wings being very rich, and they vary con- 
siderably in the intensity of the markings, one or two of the speci- 
mens being very dark indeed.—Witu1am J. Ocpen; 1, West Bank, 
Stamford Hill, N., London, February 18th, 1907. 


Tue first volume of Mr. J. W. Tutt’s ‘Natural History of the 
British Butterflies’ is announced for immediate publication by Mr. 
Elliot Stock. It is intended as a text-book for students and collec- 
tors, and deals with the world-wide variation and geographical distri- 
bution of butterflies. It will be very fully illustrated by photographs 
from nature. ; 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


Darunis (Co@rocampa) Neru at Lancaster.—I beg to report the 
capture, at Lancaster, of the oleander hawk-moth (C. nerii) on Septem- 
ber 18th, by one of Lord Ashton’s workmen. It was taken at rest 
on one of the buildings inside the works, and the man who caught it 
kept it in a box for two days, and then a friend of mine, Mr. James 
Stalker, got the moth and brought it to me to set. It was in very fair 
condition considering its captivity. Can you give me any data when 
C. nerii was last caught in England?—G. Raupn; 4, Albert Road, 
Skerton, Lancaster. 

(There are seven records in the ‘ Entomologist’ of the capture of 
C. nerit in Britain during the past ten years. The dates are :—1896: 
one specimen at Sowling, Kent, captured in a house, end of July. 
1900: one in a dining-room at Yalding, Kent, September 18th; and 
one in Teignmouth, October 23rd. 1901: one at Barrhead, Scotland, 
end of September (?1900), on asheafof corn. 1903: one at rest on a 
yew-hedge in a garden outside Atherstone, Warwickshire, October 9th. 
At a meeting of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 
held on November 16th, 1908, a specimen found on board a steam- 

ENTOM.—MARCH, 1907. G 


’ 


° 


66 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ship at Liverpool was exhibited. 1904: one specimen was captured 
as it rested on a bathing-machine at Hastbourne, July 14th. LHarlier 
records will be found, Entom. xxiv. pp. 195, 221. The finding of two 
larvee of this species at Hastbourne in October, 1859, was reported in 
the ‘ Entomologists’ Weekly Intelligencer,’ vol. xii. p. 140. These 
died, and one is led to suspect, from the particulars given, that the 
larvee were probably those of S. convolvuli, which species was fairly 
common in England in 1859, and its larva was recorded from Devon- 
shire in October of that year.—Ep.] 


Lxstes pryas, Kirb., 1 Irenanp.—Mr. H. M. Edelsten informs me 
that he has had specimens of this somewhat rare British dragonfly 
sent him from Ireland. They came from Caragh Lake, Co. Kerry. and 
were taken early in September, 1906. The only other Irish record 
seems to be that of the capture of a specimen near Athlone in 1894, 
by Mr. J. J. F. X. King.—W. J. Lucas. 


Priusta MonetA IN NortHAMPTONSHIRE.—In my note on P. moneta 
(ante, p, 40) the county should be Northamptonshire, not Nottingham- 
shire.—F. J. Rasexi ; Theedon Road, Northampton. 


A Forrnient 1n Cumpertann.—In July, 1906, my friend Mr. A. E. 
Gibbs, of St. Alban’s, very kindly asked me to spend my fortnight’s holi- 
day at St. Bees, Cumberland, where he had taken a house for part of the 
summer. Unfortunately it was unsettled and wet most of the time, so 
that we were unable to do as much with the butterflies as we could have 
wished. Although we kept a sharp look-out around St. Bees, and also 
in Eskdale (which we visited several times) and in Wastdale, for the 
Erebias and Cenonympha davus, we did not see a specimen of either. 
Satyrus semele was fairly common on St. Bees Head, and along the coast 
towards Nethertown. The majority of the specimens are of the dark 
‘heath’ form, but the males vary inter se in the amount of tawny 
colour on the upper side of the hind wings. I have one male which 
has three spots on the upper side of the fore wings, the extra ones 
being unocellated and just below the normal lower spot, and there is 
an extra dot on the right fore wing just above the lower normal spot. 
We also took several females which have extra spots between the 
normal ones. The females of Lycena icarus have the orange spots well 
developed both on the upper and under sides, and are slightly suffused 
with blue on the upper side. Nearly every evening we indulged in 
sugaring in a lane running past the house down to the shore, where 
there were many convenient posts. The best species taken were 
Mamestra furva and Noctua umbrosa, the former of which we secured 
in some number, but the majority were worn. Xylophasia lithoaylea 
and X. monoglypha swarmed, and the latter varied to a remarkable 
degree—from the colour of the darkest brown velvet, practically black, 
through intermediate forms to the type. One of the lighter forms is 
particularly beautiful, being of a mottled appearance with an almost 
white patch on the inner margin of the fore wings, and a very dark 
area in the middle of the wing just below the discoidal spots. Several 
other species varied towards darker forms, viz., Lewcania conigera, 
L. lthargyria, Axylia putris, and Hadena dentina, and Mr. Gibbs 
obtained a nice female of Agrotis exclamationis, which is very dark and 
has the markings coalesced into an irregular patch. One or two even- 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 67 


ings we tried dusking in the lanes, but only obtained a few species, in- 
cluding Hepialus humuli, H. velleda, Dianthacia capsincola, D. cucubali. 
several Plusias, Gnophos obscuraria, &c. We had one rather exciting 
evening’s sugaring at Kel Tarn, in Kskdale. This is a small lake 
about eight hundred feet above sea-level, lying amongst the hills to 
the north of the ‘Woolpack Inn’ at Boot, and is surrounded by a 
‘‘ sheep-fence ” formed of posts about four feet high, supporting wire 
netting with barbed wire running along the top. As the wire netting 
had been fastened on the outside of the posts, we were obliged to get 
over in order to spread the sweets, and found the ground was 
extremely wet and spongy. After dark it was very difficult to pick 
one’s way between the bog-holes, and before long both of us went into 
water up to our knees. I also managed to gouge a piece out of my 
hand on the barbed wire. To add to our discomfort it turned out a 
wet evening, and a thick mist came down, so that we should have had 
some difficulty in finding our way back, had we not taken one of the 
men from the inn as our guide. . The bag was a poor one, only Noctua 
Festiva, and one or two dark Hadena pisi and H. thalassina being taken ; 
but Phryganea varia swarmed on every post. On the way up we took 
one or two Hepialus velleda just before dusk, flymg amongst bracken, 
and previously we had captured a few Crambus margaritellus on the 
edge of the lake. We found only one Larentia cesiata, resting on a 
rock at about a thousand feet on the hills opposite Boot, and a few 
Mixodia schulziana. 

With the kind assistance of Rev. E. N. Bloomfield we have been 
able to name the following Diptera of those taken :—Tipuila scripta, 
female (HKskdale): Thereva nobilitata (St. Bees); Chilosia illustrata, 
abundant in places on railway bank at St. Bees; Syrphus albostriatus 
and S. ribesti; Volucella bombylans, Eristalis arbustorum (these four 
Species at St. Bees); Xylota seynis (Kskdale). 

Amongst the Hymenoptera I captured a male Cilissa leporina, the 
identification of which has been confirmed by Mr. Edward Saunders. 
I do not think think this species is often taken so far north, as all the 
localities given in Mr. Saunders’s book are in the southern and 
eastern counties. i 

Of the Neuroptera taken may be mentioned Panorpa germanica, of 
which we obtained some strongly marked specimens at the foot of 
Hardknot Pass. 

The following is a list of all the Lepidoptera observed, St. Bees 
being the locality unless otherwise stated :—Argynnis aglaia, Satyrus 
semele, Hipinephele janira, E. tithonus, Cenonympha pamphilus, Polyom- 
matus phleas, Lycena icarus, Zygeana filipendula, Nudaria mundana, 
Hepialus humuli, H. velleda (and at Eskdale), Odonestis potatoria, Leu- 
canta conigera, L. lithargyria, Axylia putris, Xylophasia lithoxylea, X. 
monoglypha, Chareas graminis, Cerigo matura, Mamestra sordida (Ksk- 
dale), M. furva, M. brassica, Apamea basilinea, A. didyma, Miana 
strigilis, M. fasciuncula, M. literosa, Caradrina morpheus, C. alsines, C. 
tarawact C. quadripunctata, Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis, Noctua 
plecta, N. c-nigrum, N. festiva, N. rubi, N. umbrosa, N. baja, N. xantho- 
grapha, Triphena orbona, T. pronuba, Amphipyra tragopogonis, Miana 
typica, Dianthecia capsincola, D. cucubali, Euplexia lucipara, Aplecta 
nebulosa (Hskdale), Hadena dentina, H. oleracea, H. pisi (Eskdale), 


68 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cucullia umbratica, Habrostola tripartita, Plusia chrysitis, P. iota, P. 
pulchrina, P. gamma, Hypena proboscidalis, Crocallis elinguaria, Boarmia 
repandata, Gnophos obscuraria, Acidalia dimidiata, A. marginepunctata, 
Strenia clathrata, Panagra petraria, Abraxas grossulariata, Larentia 
didymata, L. casiata, E'mmelesia alchemillata (Kiskdale), EH. albulata. FE. 
decolorata, Hupithecia nanata, Hypsipetes sordidata, Melanthia ocellata, 
Meianippe sociata, M. montanata, M. galiata, Camptogramma bilineata, 
Cidaria populata, C. associata, Eubolia limitata, Tanagra atrata, Sco- 
paria ambigualis, S. dubitalis, S. crategella, Scopula lutealis, Pionea 
forficalis, Hydrocampa nympheata, Crambus margaritellus, C. perlellus, 
C. tristellus, C. culmellus, Aphomia sociella, Tortrix podana, T. ribeana, 
Dictyopterya leflingiana (Eskdale), D. holmiana, Mixodia schulziana 
(Eskdale), Hphippiphora trigeminana, Catoptria hypericana (Kskdale), 
C. cana, Trycheris aurana, Xanthosetia zoegana, Conchylis straminea, 
Depressaria flavella.—Puitie J. Barraup; Bushey Heath, Herts, Feb- 
ruary 12th, 1907. 


SOCIETIES. 


EwromotocicaL Society or Lonpon. — Wednesday, February 6th, 
1907.—Mr. C. O. Waterhouse President, in the chair. The President 
announced that he had nominated Mr. Frederick Merrifield, Mr. 
Edward Saunders, F.R.S., F.L.5., and Mr. George Henry Verrall, to 
be Vice-Presidents for the session 1907-8. Mr. Charles Kimberlin 
Brain, of 23, Burnside Road, Tamboers Kloof, Cape Colony; Mrs. 
Catharine Maria Moore, of Holmefield, Oakholme Road, Sheffield ; 
and Mr. Alfred Ernest Tonge, of Aincroft, Reigate, were elected 
Fellows of this Society.x—Mr. EK. A. Cockayne brought for exhibition, 
a collection of Lepidoptera made by him at Tongue, North Suther- 
landshire, between June 380th and July 18th, 1906, comprising many 
species not hitherto reported from the county. It was noticeable that 
the several species showed little tendency to melanism.—Dr. T. A. 
Chapman, exhibited bred specimens of Hastula hyerana, Mill., from 
the neighbourhood of Hyéres, to illustrate how the species varied. 
One or two, especially the two darkest December males, strongly 
suggested that the darkening of the colour of the wings was due 
to injury by cold, not to a more perfect, because prolonged, matura- 
tion.—Miss M. EK. Fountaine, a number of Anthocarid and Meliteid 
butterflies from various localities in Europe, Asia Minor, and Algeria, 
showing a wide range of variation.—The President, a female example 
of the genus Dorylus, from Mengo, in Uganda. There were with it in 
the same tube one small and two large Workers, which he thought 
would probably be the the means of identifying the species at some 
future time. The Workers closely resembled specimens in the Museum 
named D. arcens, which are said to be the same as nigricans.—The Rev. 
F. EK. Lowe showed various aberrant forms of Swiss butterflies, includ- 
ing Melanargia galatea ab. fulvata, Lowe, from Martigny ; an example 
of Lycena arion, from Pontresina, with the black markings on the under 
side of the wings almost entirely absent, save one very large kidney- 
shaped spot, slightly tinged with white at the centre of each wing; 
and a pair of Pieris napt var. bryonie taken in cop. at Caux; the male 


SOCIETIES. 69 


not only suffused as in bryonia, but also having the female markings. 
—Colonel Charles T. Bingham exhibited the pupa of a Tineid moth, 
of the genus Brinsitta, from Upper Burma, presenting with its sur- 
roundings a remarkable mimetic resemblance to the head and neck of 
a snake ; and a case illustrating the curious habits of the butterflies of 
the genus Gerydus and Ailotinus, which join with ants in attending 
Aphid for their sweet excretions.—The Rev. I’. D. Morice, a very re- 
markable gynandromorphous specimen, from Silchester, of the common 
fern-visiting saw-fly, Strongylogaster cingulatus, F.; the dividing line 
between the male and female portions running longitudinally, not trans- 
versely, from end to end of the creature, a characteristic in the opinion 
of the President, unique.—Mr. Percy L. Lathy, F.Z.8., communicated 
‘‘Notes on the Indo-Australian Papilionide’’; and Mr. Ernest A. 
Elliott, F.Z.S., and Mr. Claude Morley, a paper ‘‘ On the Hymeno- 
pterous Parasites of Coleoptera.” —H. Rowianp-Brown, M.A., Hon. Sec. 


Sourn Lonpon Enromonoeican anp Narurat History Socrety.— 
Thursday, January 24th, 1907.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in 
the chair. — Annual Meeting; the Treasurer’s balance-sheet was read, 
and showed that the Society was satisfactory financially. The 
Council’s Report of the condition and progress of the Society was then 
read, and showed that its position of usefulness was still maintained. 
The President then read his Annual Address, including in it remarks 
on the progress of entomology generally during the past year. Votes 
of thanks were unanimously passed to the retiring Officers and Council. 
The following is a list of those gentlemen elected to serve as Officers 
and Council for the ensuing year :—President: R. Adkin, F.H.S. ; 
Vice-Presidents: W. J. Kaye, F.E.S., and H. Main B.Sc., F.E.S. ; 
Treasurer: T. W. Hall, F.E.S.; Librarian: A. W. Dods; Curator: 
W. West (Greenwich); Hon. Secretaries: Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., 
F.Z.S., and Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S.; Council: F, B. Carr, T. A. Chap- 
man, M.D., F.4.S., F.B.S., A. Harrison, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S., A. Ll. 
Rayward, F.E.S.,A. Sich, F.E.S., R. South, F.E.S., and E. Step, F.E.S. 

Ordinary Meeting.—Miss Margaret Fountaine, F.H.8., of West 
Hampstead, was elected a member.—Messrs. Harrison and Main 
exhibited a series of Boarmia repandata,-mainly from Isle of Man 
parents, with series from Cornwall, Delamere, and Isle of Lewis; and 
contributed notes on their occurrence and variation. The captured 
Isle of Man specimens were taken from off rocks.—Mr. Main, a living 
larva of Charawes jasius, received from the South of France, and called 
attention to its wonderful protective coloration, shape, and to the fact 
that the curious mask of the head is shed as a whole.—Hy. J. Turner, 
Hon. Report See. 


BiruincHam Enromonocican Socrery.—January 21st, 1907.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair. — Mr. J. T. Fountain 
showed a beautifully varied series of Hybernia defoliaria, Cl. It in- 
cluded specimens almost unicolorous, of a dark umber colour; others 
with the same dark umber as a ground colour, with dark bands 
or bars, in some cases broad, dark, nearly black, and sharply defined ; 
then there were the usual light brown forms; the usual ones with light 
ground and cross bars, amongst which were some with clearly defined, 
broad, almost black bars.—Mr. Hubert Langley exhibited various 


70 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Lepidoptera from near Leamington, including Lymantria monacha, L., 
not uncommon, Boarmia roboraria, Schiff., Myelots cribrella, Hb., &e. 
—Mr. L. Doncaster made an appeal for help in connection with the 
Royal Society’s enquiry into progressive melanism.—Mr. W. HE. 
Colling showed an unidentified dipterous larva, which had been sent 
to him as destructive to currant bushes, but which he thought were 
only accidentally associated with them.—Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, a 
beautiful lot of Pieride of the genus Delias, from New Guinea and the 
Australian region, including several new species.—Coxsran J. Wain- 
wricut, Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene in the British Museum. Vol. VI. 
By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart. Pp. i-xiv, 1-532. With 
Atlas of twelve plates in colour. London: Printed by Order of 
the Trustees. 1906. 


Eigur years ago the first volume of this comprehensive and 
elaborate work was reviewed in the ‘Entomologist,’ and vol. vi. is ~ 
now before us. Although entitled a Catalogue, each volume is not 
simply a list of names and references, but practically a monograph of 
the family or subfamily with which it is concerned. Every species 
is described, and figured also where this has not been adequately 
done before. 

In the present volume the Cuculliane, the third of the fifteen sub- 
families into which Sir George Hampson divides the family Noctuide, 
is dealt with. This subfamily, ‘‘ characterised by its trifid neuration 
of the hind wing combined with spineless tibia and smooth eyes 
surrounded by eye-lashes of bristle-like hairs,’’ comprises 692 species 
belonging to 111 genera. 

Associated with the key to genera (pp. 2-7) is a table showing the 
Phylogeny of the Cuculliane. Following the diagnosis of each genus 
is a key to the species belonging to that genus. 

Twenty-three genera comprise more than six species each, and the 
largest of these are Cucullia, Schrank (101 sp.); Hmpusada, Hmpsn. 
(12 sp.}; Oncocnemis, Led. (57 sp.); Homohadena, Grote (12 sp.) ; 
Graptolitha, Hb. (48 sp.); Antitype, Hb. (20 sp.); Bryomima, Staud. 
(12 sp.); Zrichoridia, Hmpsn. (10 sp.) ; Conistra, Hb. (83 sp.); Ama- 
thes, Hb. (80 sp.) ; and Cosmia, Ochs. (25 sp.). 

Thirty-six genera each include but a single species, and of these 
the following are new :—WNeogalea (t. braztliensis, sp. n.) ; Brachygalea 
(t. lewcorhabha, sp. u.); Cheligalea (t. scoparia, Dorfm.); Argyrogalea 
(t. argentea, Hufn.); <Argyromata (t. splendida, Cram.); Opsigalea 
(t. ocellata, Walk.); Harpagophana (t. hilaris, Staud.); Ammetopa 
(t. codeti, Oberth.); Protophana (t. cervina, H. Edw.); Rhodochiena 
(t. botonga, Feld.); Andesia (t. enistis, sp. n.); Hectochela (t. canina, 
Feld.) ; Homoncoenemis (t. fortis, Grote); Copitype (t. pagode, Alph.) ; 
Caffristis (t. ferrogrisea, Hmpsn.); Dryotype (t. opina, Grote); Xylo- 
type (t. capax, Grote); Newmnichtis (t. trijuncta, Walk.); Hypnotype 
(t. placens, Walk.); Hlvesia (t. diplostigma, Hmpsn.); Rhynchaglea 
(t. scitula, Butl.); Grammoscelis (t. leuconeura, sp. n.); Omphatoscelis 


RECENT LITERATURE. (i 


(t. lunosa, Haw.); Austramathes (t. purpurea, Butl.); Brachycosmia 
(t. digitalis, Grote). 

In Cucullia, Schrank (t. artemiste), are included Huderwa, Hb. 
(t. asteris), Hucalimia, Hb. (t. gnaphalii), Callenia, Hb. (t. umbratica), 
Argyrttis, Hb. (t. artemisia), and Rancora, Smith (t. strigata). 

Croceago, Schiff., which is the type of Lampetia, Curtis, and 
Hoporina, Blanch., is fixed by Sir George Hampson as the type of 
Xantholeuca, Steph. (1831). Jodia, Hb., to which Stephens referred 
croceago When sinking Xantholeuca (Brit. Mus. Cat.), is here reserved 
for the North American rufago, Hb., the type and only species. 

Of the ten species included by Staudinger (Cat. Lep. Pal. 3rd ed., 
p. 177) in Heliophobus, B., four are here placed in Leucochlena, a new 
genus, of which hispida, Geyer, is the type; three other species are 
referred to Blepharidia, Piingler, and one to Ulochlena, Led. The 
remaining two seem not to belong to the Cuculliane at all. 

Bombycia, Hb., Tent., is rejected, and Stephens’s genus of that 
name is used for viminalis, Fab. (the type), and three other species. 

Satura, Schiff., adusta, Esp., and protea, Schiff., are associated with 
lichenea, Hb., in Humichtis, Hb., of which genus the last-named species 
is fixed as the type. Protea (seladonia, Haw.) was first referred by 
Stephens (Haust. ili. 33) to Polia, and afterwards (Brit. Mus. Cat.) 
placed in Dichonia (Hadena, Sect. D.); Staudinger and others have 
included protea in Dryobota, Led. Sir George Hampson, however, 
gives areola, Hisp., as the type of Dichonia, Hb., and furva, Esp., as 
the type of Dryobota, Led. 

The following list of fifty British species included in Cuculliane is 
drawn up to show not only generic changes, but also the order in 
which they occur in the arrangement; the number after each name 
refers to the page in the volume. The genus Cucullia has been pre- 
viously adverted to, so will not be further mentioned :— 


Leucochlena, Hampson, g.n., hispida, Geyer (Htbn.), 138. Type. 
Four other species. 

Brachionycha, Hw., sphinx, Hufn., 202. Type of Asteroscopus, 
Boisd., and of Petasia, Steph. 

B. nubeculosa, Ksp., 208. Type. 

Bombycia, Steph., viminalis, Fab., 219. Type. Also of Cleoceris, 
Boisd. (1840). 

Aporophyla, Guen., lutulenta, Schiff., 285. 

A. australis, Boisd., 2837. Type. 

A. nigra, Haw., 288. 

Cloantha, Guen., solidaginis, Hibn., 289. Type. 

Lithophane, Hb., semibrunnea, Haw., 244. 

LL. socia, Rott. Type. 

Graptolitha, Hb., ornithopus, Rott., 258. 

G. lambda, Fabr., 259. Type Rhizolitha, Curtis (1833). 

G. furcifera, Hufn., 261. Type. 

Xylina, Ochs., vetusta, Hb., 281. Type. 

De thy Linn., 285. Type of Aaylia, Hb., and of Calocampa, 

teph. 

Dichonia, Hb., areola, Esp., 294. Type. Also of Xylocampa, Gn. 

(1837). 


72, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Meyanephria, Hb., ovyacantha, Linn., 306. Type. Also of Miselia, 
Hb., Tent., ined. 

M. bimaculosa, Linn., 809. 

Agriopis, Boisd., aprilina, Linn., 318. Type. Also of Diphthera, 
Hb., Tent., ined. 

Eumichtis, Hb., lichenea, 821. Type. Also of Hpunda, Dup. 

FE. satura, Schiff., 327. 

E. adusta, 829. 

FE. protea, Schiff,, 339. 

Valeria, Steph., oleagina, Schiff., 348. Type. 

Antitype, Hb., flavicincta, Schiff., 861. Type of Polia, Hb., 

Tent., ined. 

A. nigrocincta, Treit., 369. 

A.:cht, 372. ype. 

Rhizotype, Hmpsn., flammea, Esp., 8738, = empyrea. Type. Six 

other species. 

Dasypolia, Guen., templi, Thunb., 424. Type. 

Eupsilia, Hb., satellitia, Linn., 487. Type. 

Xantholeuca, Steph., croceago, Schiff., 441. Type. 

Conistra, Hb., erythrocephala, Schiff., 449. 

C. vaccinti, Linn., 454. Type of Glea, Hb., Tent., ined. 

C. ligula, Eisp., 455. 

C. rubiginea, Schiff., 457. Type of Dasycampa, Guen. 

Omphaloscelis, Hampson, lunosa, Haw., 469. ‘Type and only 

species. 

Amathes, Hb., lychnidis, Schiff., 475, = pistacina, Schiff., type of 

Agrochola, Hb., which is included in Amathes. 

A. lota, Linn., 478. 

A. macilenta, Haw., 479. 

A. circeliaris, 480. Type of Rusina, Steph., which is merged in 

Amathes. 

A, helvola, Linn., 482. 

A, litura, Linn., 483. Type. 

A. iners, Germ., = suspecta, Hb., 487. Type of Dyschorista, Led. 

Atethmia, Hb., werampelina, Esp., 494. Type. Also of Cirredia, 

Guen. 

Cosmia, Ochs., aurago, Schiff., 498. Type of Ochria, Hb. 

C. lutea, Strém. = jflavago, Esp., = silago, Hb., 501. 

C. fulvago, Linn. = cerago, Schiff., 502. Type. Also of Citria, 

Hb., and Xanthia, Hb., Tent. 

C. gilvago, Schiff., 503. 

C. ocellaris, Borkh., 505. 

C. citrago, Linn., 508. Type of Cirrhia, Hb. 

We may mention that there are three hundred and fifty-four figures 
on the twelve plates in the Atlas which accompanies this volume, and 
that there are systematic and alphabetical Indexes. 

It is perhaps needless to say that Catalogues such as the one under 
notice are of paramount utility and importance, as this must be obvious 
when their scope is understood. In the volumes previously issued, 
all the known species (up to date of publication) are brought together 
of the Syntomide (vol. i.), Arctiade (vols. ii. and ili.), Noctuidee- 
Agrotine (vol. iv.), and Hadenine (vel. v.). 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vou. XL] APRIL, 1907. [No. 527. 


LEAF-INSECTS IN CAPTIVITY. (PULCHRIPHYLLIUM 
CRURIFOLIUM, Ssrvirtu.) 


By W. H. Sr. Quintin, F.E.S., &e. 


Towarps the end of May, 1906, I was given some thirty or 
forty ova of a Phylliwm which had been found by a friend who 
was cruising with Lord Crawford, on the yacht ‘Valhalla,’ last 
winter and spring. A good many of the perfect insects and a few 
larve had been collected on the island of Mahé (Seychelles 
group), and carried on the yacht with great care, and very con- 
siderable trouble. A cabin, electrically heated, was set apart 
for them, and branches of the food-plant (wild guava) provided. 
The food caused a difficulty, for the branches taken on board 
were soon eaten, and no more could be obtained till Cairo was 
reached, and a fresh supply brought on board from the Giza 
Gardens. In the end thirteen were safely landed, and were on 
view in the Insect House at Regent’s Park for some weeks after- 
wards. Ova were laid freely on the yacht. Some were left with 
Captain Stanley Flower at Cairo, others were presented to the 
Zoological Society, while I was fortunate enough to be entrusted 
with the remainder. 

What happened to those left at Cairo I never heard, but the 
ova deposited at the Zoological Gardens hatched, but I believe 
they did not live long. Luckily, I was lent a copy of the ‘ Bulle- 
tin de la Société Vaudoise,’ in which Mons. Morton relates how 
in 1903 he reared from the egg another species collected in 
Ceylon (P. scythe). Otherwise I should never have realized the 
necessity of providing so much moisture as well as heat that the 
insects evidently require. 

Following Mons. Morton’s methods, I placed my ova on 
silver-sand in a box, over which a piece of muslin, doubled, and 
kept saturated, was stretched. The box and its contents were 
sprayed with a fine garden syringe twice a day, and stood in a 
small stove where the temperature was kept at a high level, 


ENTOM.—APRIL, 1907. H 


74 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and the atmosphere as near saturation-point as possible, to suit 
Phalenopsis and other heat and shade-loving orchids. The 
temperature has varied night and day between 70° and 85° Fahr. 

The first larva did not appear until the last week of August, 
and they continued hatching until the end of the year, though 
mostly in September and October; but two larve appeared in 
December, and one of the last remaining ova hatched on 
January 8th. This irregularity seems strange, for the ova were 
all deposited between the 7th April and the 15th May. That 
this is the case sometimes with these insects in the wild state 
is shown by the fact that on the islands, amongst the adults, 
were found, as I have said, a few examples in the early larval 
stages. 

The ovum bears a general resemblance to those of the P. 
scythe figured in the ‘ Bulletin’ referred to, and is wonderfully 
like the seed-capsule of certain flowering plants, as Mons. Morton 
remarks. ‘The wall of the ovum is rough in texture, and of an 
umber-brown colour, as is the characteristic lid or stopper, which 
is pushed off by the young larva as it emerges. 

The larva when newly hatched is of a pale amber colour, 
streaked and splashed with dull rose. It is lively, and moves 
with a curious swinging action, which is exaggerated when the 
insect is alarmed [as in the case of the young Mantis, and also 
the young “‘stick-insect”’ (Bacillus)], and which may be intended 
as a menace. 

At this tender stage, the only losses up to the present time 
occurred—one larva getting crushed by the lid of the cage, while 
two others were killed and sucked dry by some small spiders 
which managed to get through the perforated zinc. I found the 
larvee soon took to the beech-leaves, which, following the example 
of Mons. Morton, I offered them. As the season advanced, and it 
became difficult to find fresh beech foliage, I got the insects to take 
to that of the common oak, with a little unwillingness on their 
part; and later on to some young bushes of Q. ilex, which seems 
to satisfy them completely. Probably there will be no necessity 
again to unsettle them, as I have a good supply of plants, and I 
find that the ilex stands the heat and damp of the stove well 
enough. 

I have found it impossible to note the periods of skin-casting 
exactly, as the larve are of such different ages. Besides, their 
extraordinary similarity to the ilex leaf makes close observation 
difficult. But my gardener, F. Puddle, who has had the insects 
from the first constantly under his eye, and to whose care any 
credit for success is due, believes that the largest individuals 
(females), now 27 in. long, have in the twenty-one weeks up to 
the present date (February 4th) changed their skins eight or 
nine times. 

The larve after each change devour the shed skin immedi- 


DIURNI OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN FRANCE, AND CORSICA. TS 


ately, or the greater part of it, and then rest for about twenty- 
four hours before beginning again upon the leaves. The male 
larva, as in P. scythe, has considerably longer antenne, and the 
fore legs are much less expanded than in the female. 

The cage, even in winter, is thoroughly sprayed with tepid 
water once a day, and it is interesting to see the thirsty larvee 
lower their mouths to the pendant drops. Others, avoiding 
the shower, shrink closer to the under sides of the leaves, and 
cleverly incline their bodies to let the water run off the more 
quickly. 

The insect, when feeding, still keeps to the under side of the 
leaf, and merely twists its head round so as to bring its mandibles 
within reach of the edge of the leaf. Really diurnal, the larve 
at this stage are most inclined to feed soon after dawn, and again 
during the last hour of daylight. I have at present twenty-nine 
larve, and unless the short days of an English winter have de- 
layed their growth, some of them should soon be reaching the 
imago state, for Mons. Morton found his first perfect insect (a 
male) four months after the hatching of the first egg. 

Since the above was written, four of the male larve have 
entered into the imago state, the first on February 14th. 


Scampston, York. 


[A plate illustrating this article will appear in a future 
number.—Ep. | 


NOTES ON THE DIURNI OF CENTRAL AND 
SOUTHERN FRANCE, AND CORSICA. 


By W. G. SHeupon, F.E.S. 


A coop many of those who collect the European Rhopalocera, 
and who travel a considerable distance for some or most of them, 
do not realize the number of much wanted species that occur 
freely in the magnificent series of forests surrounding Paris. It 
is true one sees a good many notes in Kane and in other authors 
of the occurrence there of certain species, but the opinion gener- 
ally seems to hold that the records refer chiefly to the long 
distant past, and that the species recorded are no longer to be 
found in the haunts described. 

This was my own opinion until quite recently, but a con- 
versation I had with M. H. Brown, who has for years past 
worked the district, led me to change it. M. Brown has most 
kindly made out for me a list of the Diurni observed by him as 
constantly occurring within a radius of, say, fifty miles from 
Paris at the present time, and I find from this that ninety-nine 


H 2, 


76 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


species frequent this area, including, amongst others, the following 
much wanted and local species :—Apatura iris, A. ilia and var. 
clytie, Limenitis populi and var. tremula, Araschnia levana, Melitea 
maturna, Argynnis adippe var. cleodoxa, Erebia medusa, Huppar- 
chia briseis, H. arethusa, Satyrus statilinus, Enodia dryas, Pararge 
achine, Caenonympha hero, Thecla prunt, Chrysophanus hippothoé, 
Lycena alcon, and Heteropterus morpheus. 

With the object of making the acquaintance of some of these 
species, 1 accompanied M. Brown on the evening of July 7th, 
1906, down to the forest of Villers Cotterets, some forty miles 
north-east of Paris, our chief objects being the Apaturidee— 
Limenitis populi, and Araschnia levana var. prorsa. 

The following morning broke fine and cloudless, and the day 
turned out to be an ideal one for butterflies ; it was, however, 
the only quite suitable day I was favoured with whilst in the 
district. 

The Apaturide were in great force, sitting on a road running 
through the forest, imbibing at the damp spots, or at horse- 
droppings. Of the two species, Apatura ilia was by far the most 
plentiful, about one-third of the examples being the type; the 
other two-thirds were var. clytie. It was most exhilarating to 
come across half a dozen of these grand fellows settled on the 
road, on a patch. They were not difficult to net, and I suppose 
I must have captured some sixty specimens ; quite one-half, how- 
ever, were released, not being perfect. Amongst my captures 
was a fine example of ab. iliades. Apatura iris was not abun- 
dant, and thus very difficult to capture ; only two examples, both 
males, were taken. Limenitis populi I did not see; M. Brown 
said I was a fortnight too late for it. The larve of Araschnia 
levana were abundant on the nettles, feeding in companies, each 
containing several dozens. This larva feeds during the day in 
damp shady spots. The broods are not difficult to distinguish, 
for, although they do not defoliate a patch of nettles to the same 
extent as a nest of Vanessa urtice, they are sufficient to account 
for the defoliation of one or two stems; they do not seem subject 
to parasites, nearly every larva producing a pupa. Odd early 
imagines of the summer form (var. prorsa) were flying about in 
the road; they have much the appearance on the wing of a 
Thecla, and are equally difficult to follow in flight, for, apart from 
their inconspicuous dark colour, they move very rapidly. When 
settled on the road, or on a leaf, they have a decided habit of 
fanning the wings, after the manner of Jssoria lathonia. 

Other species noted in the forest of Villers Cotterets in- 
cluded Brenthis ino, plentiful and of large size, but past their 
best; Limenitis sibylla, abundant; Dryas paphia, abundant ; 
Lycena arion, a few; Melitea maturna, one much worn 
specimen. 

Whilst staying in this part of France, I paid a visit, on July 


DIURNI OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN FRANCE, AND CORSICA. 77 


10th, to the forest of Compiegne. The Diurni here were similar 
in species to those of Villers Cotterets, but, amongst others, I 
captured several examples of Argynnis adippe var. cleodoxa, and 
one of Dryas paphia var. valezina. Thecla w-album was abundant 
on the blossoms of the bramble. 

I was much interested with a (to me) new bait for the Apa- 
turide, which M. Brown introduced to my notice, and which, i 
understand, is commonly used in France; this is a very strong 
smelling cheese, known as ‘‘ marolle.” I purchased one of these 
cheeses, which are not large, and placed portions of it on 
the road running through the forest where the “emperors” are 
abundant. Unfortunately, the only day on which I could try it 
was not a favourable one, with but little sun, and thus the bait 
did not have a fair chance; but it certainly attracted more 
“emperors” than any of the patches of natural bait lying about, 
and I believe that, given a good day, it would have proved very 
successful; at any rate, though strong smelling, it is certainly 
not so objectionable in the knapsack as some of the baits used in 
England. 

I left Villers Cotterets on July 12th, en route for Vizzavona, 
Corsica, where I arrived on the 14th. 

The butterflies of Corsica—and of Vizzavona and Corte espe- 
cially, where I stayed whilst in the island—have been so much 
written up that there is very little that is new to be said about 
them. Everyone goes at the same time of the year, takes the 
Same species, and takes them in the same places. 

At Vizzavona the usual species were abundant, with the 
exception of Papilio hospiton, and I had no difficulty in obtaining 
all I required of them during the ten days I spent there. Of 
P. hospiton, ten imagines were observed, of which I netted nine ; 
only four of these were, however, worth retaining. I searched 
the mountains for many miles round for larve, and almost 
missed them, except for two examples, which I found on the first 
day. Thanks, however, to the kindness of a friend, who gave me 
a hint of the kind of locality I ought to search, I succeeded, 
during the last two days of my stay, in obtaining twenty-seven 
larve ; they were found upon a very local species of fennel, which 
I could only discover in three small localities. Unfortunately 
this plant dries up very quickly, and as the larve resolutely 
refused to feed upon every other umbelliferous plant I could find 
—at least a dozen in number, and including the common fennel 
(Feniculum vulgare)—I only succeeded in getting eighteen to 
pupate, and most of these are very small. 

At Corté, in the beautiful gorges of the Restonica and the 
Tavignano, I found the local form of Hipparchia semele var. 
aristeus abundant, and captured many fine examples of the 
magnificent Corsican form of that finest of European Argynnids, 
Dryas pandora. Inthe Restonica Gorge I obtained half a dozen 


78 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


good examples of the interesting form of Pyrgus sao var. therapne, 
which [ did not see elsewhere. 

I left Corsica, July 29th, for Beauvezer, which is situated at 
about 4000 ft. altitude, in the Verdom Valley, in the heart of the 
Basses Alpes. My especial object in visiting this locality was to 
obtain a series of the very local Hrebia scipio, which is said to be 
abundant there. For some reason, however, I could not hit off 
the species, and had to go away without even a specimen. Other 
species observed here were—Pieris daplidice, common; Rusticus 
argyrognomon, abundant, with beautiful blue females ; Melitea 
didyma, with fine straw-coloured females; Hrebia stygne, E. 
tyndarus, H. goante, and EH. neoridas ; Satyrus actea, and some 
beautiful forms of Anthrocera fausta, and other brilliant ‘ bur- 
nets.” 

On my way home | stayed a few days at Digne, arriving there 
on August 6th, and leaving on the 10th. Mr. Tutt, who was also 
staying at Digne, and I had some days’ collecting, chiefly in the 
cross ravine, the stream of which empties into the torrent ‘‘ eau 
chaudes,”’ a quarter of a mile beyond the baths. We found this 
ravine a magnificent locality at this time of the year, almost 
every butterfly in the neighbourhood appearing to be congregated 
there, probably attracted by the stream of water, and the flowers 
that grew in its bed so luxuriantly. 

Amongst the species noted were—EHrebia neoridas, in swarms, 
but almost all males, until August 9th, on which day the females 
were equally abundant; Hipparchia arethusa, also in swarms ; 
Satyrus fidia, not infrequent; S. statilinus, common ; Hipparchia 
semele, abundant; Satyrus actea, abundant, with the females in 
fine order; S. cordula, passé ; Melitea deione, the second brood, 
common but small; Leucophasia sinapis, abundant; L. dupon- 

chelat, second brood, one example only; Chrysophanus. dorilis, 
‘ abundant and fine; Polyommatus meleager, males common, 
females two specimens only, both of which were of the type 
form; P. bellargus, males abundant, females not seen; and 
Theela betule, not infrequent at flowers. I was much surprised 
to find dozens of Satyrus hermione, in finest condition, settled on 
the trunks of the apple trees in the ‘‘eau chaudes” valley. I had 
taken them equally abundant and fine, a month earlier in the 
season, two years previously. 

A day spent in the mountains in the vicinity of the Dourbes 
resulted in half a dozen good specimens of Hrebia scipio, but in 
little else. Full-fed larve of Papilio alexanor were abundant 
wherever the food-plant occurred in the vicinity of Digne. 


79 


ON SOME NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN VESPIDA. 


By P. Cameron. 
(Concluded from p. 64.) 


Zethus (Didymogastra) punctinodus, sp. nov. 


Black, densely covered with short white pubescence; the lower 
third of the clypeus, a line on the base of the thorax, two spots, wider 
than long, on the apex of the scutellum, two longish lines, straight on 
the inner, roundly narrowed on the outer side, a broad lanceolate line 
on the sides of the abdominal petiole, incised above near the apex, a 
mark on the top of the base of second segment, rounded on the outer 
sides, incised on both sides in the middle, a lanceolate line, the nar- 
rowed end at the base, on the sides of the narrowed base of the second 
segment at the apex, and a line on the apex of second segment, distinct 
above, indistinct below, pale yellow; the raised apices of the second 
and third segments fuscous ; apical joints of the antenne orange-yellow 
below. Wings tinged with fuscous, distinctly clouded at the apex. 3. 
Length, 12 mm. to end of second segment. 


Acapulco, Mexico. 


Apex of antenne thick, forming a roll, the two end joints curved, 
thick, clearly separated. Clypeus sparsely punctured, densely covered 
with depressed white pubescence; the front and vertex closely, dis- 
tinctly punctured ; the ocelli thus -.:, the hinder separated from each 
other by a greater distance than they are from the anterior, and by a 
slightly greater distance than they are from the eyes. Clypeus longer 
than usual, compared with the width ; the apex with two short teeth. 
Apex of pronotum raised into a narrow horny keel, of a darker colour 
than the yellow line at its apex. Mesonotum closely punctured, with- 
out keels or furrows; the scutellum more strongly but not so closely 
punctured, the centre depressed at the apex. Post-scutellum narrowed 
to a broad rounded point. Metanotum broadly depressed in the middle, 
the sides rounded ; it is transversely striated. Abdominal petiole not 
quite so long as the thorax, distinctly narrowed at the base, less so at 
the apex ; it is shining, distinctly but not strongly or closely punc- 
tured, The narrowed base of the second segment is about one-fourth 
of its length; the segment shining, densely pruinose, the apex flat, 
smooth, the horny reflexed part wide; on the third segment it is 
narrower, and not so strongly reflexed. Tuibie testaceous in front. 


_ The peduncle of the second abdominal segment is shorter 
than it is in the other species described in this paper. Belongs 
to Saussure’s Section A. 


Zethus (Didymogastra) erythrogaster, sp. Novy. 

Black; the abdomen, except the narrowed basal part, red; the 
under side of the antennal scape, a small spot over each antenna, 
a slightly larger one in the inner edge of eye incision, a small spot 
near the top of outer orbits, a narrow line along the keel on base of 
pronotum, two spots on scutellum, narrowed and rounded on inner 
side, a small mark below and in front of tegule, a narrow line, 


80 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


widened laterally on apex of first abdominal segment; a larger tri- 
angular mark on the sides in front of this, and a narrow line on the 
apex of the first abdominal segment, yellow. Legs black, the knees 
yellowish, the apical third of the femora, and the base of the tibiz more 
broadly in front, rufous. Antenne with a hook, the apical joints 
rufous. Wings fuscous violaceous, the tegule dark red. g. Length, 
16 mm. 


Mexico. 


Abdominal petiole as long as the thorax, the narrowed base half 
the length of the dilated apex, which is longish ovate; the second seg- 
ment with a narrowed neck half the length of the apex, which is cup- 
shaped, becoming gradually roundly widened towards the apex, followed 
by a reflexed pale horn-like part. Clypeus wider than long, strongly 
punctured, the apex depressed, smooth, broadly rounded. Front and 
vertex closely, rugosely punctured, the ocelli:.+; the hinder separated 
from each other by the same distance as they are from the eyes. 
Thorax closely punctured, the metanotum almost smooth, densely 
covered with grey pubescence ; the metapleur bare, shining, smooth, 
except the lower part, with stout stria. The third and fourth abdo- 
minal segments are closely punctured, the others smooth; the red on 
the apical is tinged with yellow. 


Belongs to Saussure’s Division Didymogastra, B. The an- 
tennal hook is narrow, curved, fully four times longer than it is 
thick. Mandibles widened at the base, without distinct teeth, 
the apex smooth, shining, bluntly rounded. 


Zethus (Didymogastra) carinicollis, sp. nov. 

Black; the clypeus, mandibles broadly in front to near the apex, 
under side of antennal scape, a small spot above each antenna, a 
narrow interrupted line on post-scutellum, a spot on the sides of apex 
of petiole, produced below backwards along the sides, a longish spot, 
narrowed at the base, on the base of the thickened part of second 
abdominal segment, and a narrow line, all round, on the apices of the 
second and third abdominal segments, lemon-yellow. The outer side 
of the four anterior femora at the apex, their tibie entirely, and a line 
on the basal half of the hind tibie behind, and two longish, moder- 
ately wide marks on the apical slope of metanotum—the marks widest 
below—bright lemon-yellow. Apical three joints of antenne pale 
ochraceous yellow, including the ‘hook,’ which is only slightly 
curved, is broad at the base, and becomes gradually narrowed to a 
sharp point. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black. 3. 
Total length, 10 mm. 


Mexico. 


Abdominal petiole as long as the thorax, the basal fourth narrowed, 
the rest becoming gradually widened at the base, and not much 
narrowed at the apex. The second segment has a narrow, cylindrical 
petiole about two-thirds of the length of the rest of the segment, which 
is cup-shaped, rounded at the base, transverse at the apex; it is, as is 
also the first, smooth, shining, except for a narrow punctured band on 
the apex; the other segments are strongly punctured at the apex. 


ON SOME NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN VESPIDA. 81 


Clypeus broad, sparsely, weakly punctured ; its apex broadly rounded, 
with a short, stout tooth on the sides of the middle third. There is a 
large, rounded apical tooth and a short, much less distinct apical one 
on the mandibles. Base of thorax transverse, raised into a thin, pale 
horny projection, which is continued along the basal half of the pro- 
pleure, below the top; the apex bluntly rounded laterally, the centre 
rather flat, the middle with a narrow furrow; except in the centre it 
is closely, strongly, more or less obliquely striated. Front and vertex 
strongly, closely punctured ; the ocelli in a triangle; the mesonotum 
is less closely punctured and the scutellum still less closely punctured ; 
the post-scutellum smooth, punctured at the base. Pro- and meso- 
pleure strongly punctured, the metapleure smooth, except for some 
fine obscure striz# above and along the apex. 


This is a Didymogastra. The last joints of the antenne 
can neither be called ‘‘a rolled spiral” nor a ‘‘ hook,” but the 
appendage approaches in form more the latter than the former. 


Zethus nitidinodus, sp. nov. 


Black ; a broad curved band on the apex of the clypeus, its upper 
edge irregular, a small spot above each antenna, a small one on the 
outer orbits above, a line on the sides of post-scutellum, about three 
times longer than wide, a mark, wider than long, narrowed on the 
inner side, on the. sides of pronotum, a conical mark, obliquely nar- 
rowed above, below the tegule, and two large, irregularly pyriform 
marks, dilated below and with the outer side oblique, straight, on the 
apex of metanotum, a line on the apex of first abdominal segment, 
narrowed in the middle and continued backwards on the sides below 
for about as far as the width of the segment, and a much narrower 
line on the apex of the second, pale cream-yellow. Abdomen very 
smooth and shining, the apical segments thickly covered with grey 
pubescence; the petiole not so long as the thorax, and not much 
longer than the second segment; its basal fourth narrowed, spinose 
laterally at the base; the thickened apical part distinctly narrowed at 
the base, slightly narrowed at the apex, which is depressed. Second 
segment bell-shaped, the base narrowed into a short neck, about twice 
longer than wide; it is about one-fourth longer than it is wide at the 
apex, which is neither refiexed nor channelled; but the third segment 
is distinctly reflexed. Wings fuscous violaceous, the nervures and 
stigma black. Antenne with a longish, stout, little curved hook. 3. 
Length, 22 mm. 


Mexico. 


Front strongly, closely punctured, the vertex more sparsely and 
weakly so, its hinder edge smooth. Clypeus sparsely, distinctly 
punctured, its apex bluntly, shortly bidentate, the sides curved. Ocelli 
in a curve, the hinder separated from each other by a distinctly less 
distance than they are from the eyes. Base of thorax above clearly 
separated, keeled behind, the sides distinct, but not projecting. Parap- 
sidal furrows distinct, complete. Scutellums smooth, not furrowed, 
the apex broadly narrowed behind. Depression in centre of meta- 
notum deep, the lobes broadly rounded. Apical two joints of antenne 
dark cream-coloured, the hook black, its apex reaching to the base of 


82, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the tenth joint. Mesopleural furrow narrow, crenulated. Mandibles 
with strong scattered punctures at the base. There is a narrow keel 
on the basal half of the mesonotum. 


This is a Zethusculus, and belongs to Saussure’s Section B. 
(Syn. Am. Wasps, p. 29). It is one of the largest species, and 
is probably related to Z. levinodus, Smith, of which only the 
female is known. Smith does not describe the form of the basal 
two abdominal segments. The present species can hardly be its 
male; e. g., levinodus has the metathorax opaque and immacu- 
late, not smooth and shining, and with two large white macule ; 
in Smith’s species, too, the abdomen is immaculate. 


Zethus fortistriolatus, sp. nov. 

Black; the under side of antennal scape, a narrow line round the 
top of pronotum and the apices of the abdominal segments narrowly, 
yellow, two marks on the apical slope of metanotum, narrow above, 
becoming gradually widened from the middle towards the apex, the 
inner side straight, the outer rounded, of a paler yellow colour; the 
outer side of the four front tibie testaceous. Wings hyaline, darker 
in front, very iridescent, the stigma dark testaceous, the nervures black. 
Pro-, meso-, and metanotum strongly, closely, slightly, obliquely 
striated. Abdominal petiole slightly longer than the thorax, gradually 
slightly narrowed from the middle to the base; the apex flattish above. 
The narrowed basal part of the second segment not much longer than 
wide, the rest bell-shaped, becoming gradually roundly widened to- 
wards the apex, which is distinctly narrower than the length of the 
segment. @. Total length, 16 mm. 

Nicaragua. 

Vertex strongly, irregularly striated, more or less strongly punc- 
tured, the front closely, regularly, somewhat strongly striated, the 
strie extending to the hind ocelli. Clypeus wider than long, the 
middle of the apex (forming one-third of the whole) transverse, clearly 
separated ; the punctuation is strong, the punctures longish, deep, 
intermixed with strie; there is a strong, short, longitudinal keel in 
the centre of the top. Ocelli in a longish triangle, the hinder separated 
from each other by a little less distance than they are from the eyes. 
Temples wide, rounded, not much shorter than the top of the eyes. 
Occiput transverse, sharply margined. Thorax more than twice longer 
than wide, the base transverse, margined, its sides not projecting, 
the apex broadly, roundly narrowed, the metanotum formed of two 
rounded lobes. Pleurz strongly punctured, the punctures long, clearly 
separated, those on the base of the propleure almost forming striz. 
Abdominal petiole irregularly punctured in the middle above, the apex 
smooth, depressed towards the punctured part; the sides stronely, 
closely punctured, except at the base and apex; the rest of the abdo- 
men is almost smooth and densely covered with fuscous pubescence. 
The scutellum is strongly, closely punctured, except on the sides, the 
middle depressed; the post-scutellum is obliquely depressed at the 
base and apex, the apical slope being longer and narrowed to a blunt 
rounded point. ‘The pubescence on the head and thorax is longish, 


CURRENT NOTES. 83 


fuscous, and not very dense. There is the appearance of a macula on 
the sides of the clypeus. There is a triangular tubercle above the 
antenne ; its sides are obliquely sloped; the middle shining; below 
it is continued as a keel down the face; on either side above is a 
yellow spot. There is a distinct, bordered furrow on the apex of the 
second segment. The striation on metanotum is oblique above, in the 
centre transverse, not so close and stronger. 


This species has the appearance of an Humenes with its long 
non-dilated abdominal petiole. It belongs to the group of 
Z. strigosus, Seuss. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


By G. W. Kirxawpy. 
(Concluded from p. 39.) 


90. Petersen, W.: ‘‘ Die Morphologie der Generationsorgane der 
Schmetterlinge und ihre Bedeutung fiir die Artbildung.”’ 
Mém. Ac. Sci. Péterb. (8) xvi., No. 8, 1-84, figs. 1-64 (1905). 
(Lepidoptera). 

91. Linpen, M.von: ‘ Uber den Hinfluss der Sauerstoffentziehung 
wahrend des Puppenlebens auf die Gestaltung der Schmetter- 
linge.” ©. R. 6 Congr. Int. Zool. 491-6. [Lepidoptera]. 

92. Id. : ‘‘ Physiologische Untersuchungen an Schmetterlingen.”’ 
Z. Wiss. Zool. lxxxii. 411-44, plate 25 (1905). [Lepidoptera]. 

93. Id.: ‘‘ Recherches morphologiques, physiologiques et chimi- 
ques sur la matiere colorante des Vanesses.” Ann. Sci. Nat. 
Paris (8) xx. 295-863, plates 11-12 (1905). [Lepidoptera]. 

94. Korinsxy, J.: ‘‘ Preliminary Notes on Lantana Insects in 
Hawaii.” Proc. Hawaiian Livestock Breeders’ Ass. pp. 69-78, 
figs. 3-8 (1906). [Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera] . 

95. Id.: “‘ Hornfly and its Parasites in Hawaii.” Op. cit., 78-80, 
f. 9 (1906). (Diptera, Hymenoptera]. 

96. Smiru,J.B.: ‘Explanations of Terms used in Entomology.” 
Brooklyn Ent. Soe. pp. i.-vii. and 1-154, plates i—iy. (1906). 

97. Fousom, J. W.: ‘‘ Entomology, with special reference to its 
Biologicaland Economic Aspects.” (Philadelphia), pp. 1-485, 
plates i—v. and numerous text-figs. (1906). 

98. Burno, J. R. pe xa Torre: ‘Life Histories of North American 
Waterbugs.” Canad. Ent. xxxvill. 189-97 (June 5th) and 
242-52 (July 7th, 1906). [Hemiptera] . 

99. Feut, E, P.: “ The Gypsy and Brown-tail Moths.’ Bull. 
N. York State Mus. (108), pp. 1-42, plates 1-10 (two of these 
being coloured) (July, 1906). [Lepidoptera]. 

100. Id.: “‘ Twenty-first Report of the State Entomologist.” Op. 

cit. (104), pp. 47-186, plates 1-10, text-figs. 1-48 (Aug. 1906). 

. SCHNEIDER, A.: “‘ The Phenomena of Symbiosis.”’ Minnesota 

Bot. Studies, Bull. 9, pp. 923-48 (May 81st, 1897). 


10 


— 


84 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


102. Tower, W. V.: ‘“‘A New Method of preparing Wings and 
other parts of Insects for Study.” Ent. News, xvii. 218-9 
(June, 1906). 

103. WoeEwerR, E. G.: “British Ticks.” Journ. Agric. Sci. i. 
400-29, plates v.-x. (March, 1906). 

104. Soravsr, P., Linpav, G.,and Reg, L.: ‘‘ Handbuch der Pflan- 
zenkrankheiten ” (New Edition), 11. 70-80, figs. 5-28 (1906). 

105. Hart, J. H.: ‘The Cockroach as a possible friend to the 
Cacao Planter.’’ Bull. Mise. Inform., Trinidad Bot. Dep., 
No. 48, pp. 289-40 (Oct., 1905). 


In three volumes of over 1500 pages, with 834 text-figures, 
Distant has briefly discussed (58) a part of the Oriental 
Hemiptera, viz., the Heteroptera, Cicadide, and Fulgoroidea of 
India, Ceylon, &e. The volumes will be useful on account of 
the, usually, excellent figures, each genus being figured. Further 
details, in many cases, would, however, have been of value. 

Brown (59) notes that the weevil Argocerus fascicularis feeds 
on Ignatius’ bean (Strychninos ignatii) in the Philippine Islands. 
Strychnine is one of the deadliest human poisons known, yet the 
beetle actually breeds in the cavities it has bored in the seed. 

Stretch’s paper (60) consists of nearly 350 figures of American 
Arctiide, without other ietterpress than the explanations. 

The Blepharoceride are recorded from New Zealand for the 
first time by Chilton (61), who describes and figures some larve. 
The adults have not yet been reared. 

Crombrugghe de Picquendaele has catalogued (63) the 1041 
Microlepidoptera of Belgium, with synonymy, localities, food- 
plants, &c., while Kirkaldy has enumerated (68) the genera of 
fifteen families of Hemiptera, with their synonymy and type- 
species, and with references to figures. 

Schrottky (67) describes and figures a Cicadid from South 
America with a remarkably malformed head. 

The ‘Bericht’ (65-66) is the most complete (as a whole) of 
all entomological records, but is sadly dilatory. We now have a 
‘General Record’ and ‘Coleoptera’ for 1904 (the ‘ Zoological 
Record’ for 1904 having long ago appeared), and the Hymeno- 
ptera and Lepidoptera for 1901, the other orders not having 
advanced beyond 1900. The recorder for the Introduction and 
Coleoptera has, moreover, sacrificed completeness and accuracy 
to (comparative!) speed, his contributions being far the least 
satisfactory. In the ‘ Allgemeines,’ 67 titles out of the first 148 
(A-G), are marked as unseen, including papers in such well- 
known channels of publication as the ‘ Canadian Entomologist,’ 
S. B. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin (the recorder is a German, the 
‘Bericht’ is published in Berlin!), Trans. Linnean Soc. London, 
and the ‘Entomologist’! C. S. Banks of Manila is (for the 
recorder) identical with N. Banks of Washington, D.C. Dealing 
with foreign tongues, it is inevitable, perhaps, that such mistakes 


CURRENT NOTES. 85 
should occur as ‘‘ secundary,’’ “‘live-history,” ‘‘ alluving,” ‘‘in- 
jourious,”’ ‘‘ Hursley,” “‘ pratique” (for ‘* pratiche”’), ‘‘Girauld,” 
“taid” (for ‘‘laid’’), &e. Mr. Bouskell is cited for a paper on 
“‘ Three weeks in the wilds of’! the locality being left to the imagi- 
nation of the reader. Bibliography is always a thankless task, but 
the composition and reduction of one of the two principal records 
of entomology ought to be more complete and careful than that. 

The ‘ Zoologischer Jahresbericht’ gives (64) inter alia, a list 
of the principal papers on Entomological Anatomy, Bionomics, 
&c., published during 1905, with brief summaries of some of 
these. It is useful as being the earliest, but is very incomplete. 

Nos. 69-74 have nothing directly to do with entomology, but 
the latest maps (70-1 and 74) are, surely, always welcome to 
entomologists, as well as topographical information on any out- 
of-the-way country (69, 72, and 74). 

Morgan offers an alternative suggestion (75) to Boveri’s 
theory, and considers that so-called gynandromorphism ‘‘ may 
be due to two (or more) spermatozoa entering the same egg, one 
only fusing with the egg nucleus, and the other not uniting but 
developing without combining with any parts of the egg nucleus. 
. . . The products of division of the paired nucleus will account 
for the female part of the embryo, while the products of the 
division of the single sperm nucleus will account for the male 
characters of the other parts.” 

Heymons (76) notes that parthenogenesis occurs in some 
species of Machilis. Thienemann (77) deals with the biology 
of the pup# of Trichoptera, while Brues (78) discusses certain 
points in the life-history of Stylopids. 

Carpenter (79) notes that Drosophila is negatively geotropic, 
positively heliotropic; mechanical irritation of the fly has a 
kinetic effect, since it induces locomotion; the same is true of 
light. Holmes continues his observations on the reactions of 
Ranatia to light, dealing also with Notonecta (80). Mjoberg has 
a note on “‘mimicry”’ in the nymphs of Coriscus (Alydus) 
calcaratus (81), while Green (82) relates the killing of a Millipede 
by the nymph of Hetrichodia (Physorhynchus) inne. 

A number of interesting papers on Orthoptera require notice. 
Kreidl and Regen deal with the stridulation of Gryllus campestris, 
having largely used the phonograph in their researches (88) ; 
Voss discusses (85) at great length the thorax in G. domesticus, 
with its appendages, and, after treating of the comparative anatomy 
and mechanism, compares the Orthoptera with other insect orders. 
Hancock deals with the stridulation, oviposition, and a meta- 
thoracic secretory organ (86) in Gicanthus fasciatus. Rohler dis- 
courses on antennal sense-organs in Tryxalis and Musca (84). 

Marchal notes the parasitizing of Galeruca by a Hymeno- 
pteron (87), while Von Wagner (88) treats of the genesis and 
development of socialism in Hymenoptera. 


86 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A number of papers on Lepidoptera also invite attention. 
Von Linden has recently issued three papers, principally on 
experiments with the pup of Vanessids (91-98), while Peterson 
(89-90) deals with the morphology of copulatory organs in the 
~ same order and their value for species-determination. 

Kotinsky (94) discusses pests of Lantana, describing and 
figuring an Ageomyzid Dipteron, a Lepidopteron, a Coccid, and 
a Tingid. The same author (95) deals with the Hornfly 
(Hematobia serrata) and its parasites. 

Smith (96) has published an indispensable and long-wanted 
list of terms used in entomology, with their explanations. The 
plates are good and clear, except the one dealing with the nomen- 
clature of colours, which is certainly unlike anything used by ento- 
mologists, and which omits many—indeed most—of those actually 
largely in use. A modern plate of this sort is still much wanted. 

Folsom’s Text-book (97) is somewhat like that of Carpenter, 
published in 1899, as regards its scope, but is still different from 
anything in the field. About one-third of the work is taken up 
with a review of anatomy and development, the remainder 
being biological and speculative. 

Bueno (98) has worked out in considerable detail the life- 
histories of two American Waterbugs, viz.. Belostoma fluminea, 
Say, and Ranatra quadridentata, Stal. 

Felt (99) has published a brief report, on Porthetria dispar 
and Huproctis chrysorrhea, on account of the great danger 
of these moths being introduced into New York State. 

The Twenty-first New York Report (100) is of the usual scope 
of these valuable bulletins. Among the contents may be men- 
tioned, ‘Studies in Cecidomyiide’’ (pp. 116-82, figs. 15-48), 
and notes on ‘‘ Mosquito Control”’ (pp. 109-16, plates 3-10). 

Schneider’s general résumé of the phenomena of Symbiosis (101) 
has been overlooked in zoological records. He classifies them as 
follows :— 

I.—Incipient (Indifferent). 
1. Accidental. 2. Contingent. 
II.—Antagonistic. 
1. Mutual antagonistic (mutual parasitism). 
2. Antagonistic (parasitism). 
a. Obligative. 
b. Facultative. 
3. Saprophitism. 
a. Facultative. 
b. Obligative. 
II1.—Mutualistic Symbiosis. 
1. Nutricism (semi-mutualistic). 
2. Mutualism. 
3. Individualism. 
a. Semi-. 
b. Complete. 
TV.—Compound. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 87 


Tower (102) recommends the use of hydrogen peroxide 
instead of potash. 

Wheeler (103) discusses the British Ticks. Sorauer’s ‘ Hand- 
book of Plant Diseases,’ now in a new edition, has reached the 
Arthropoda; the latest fascicule deals with noxious Crustacea 
and Myriapods. 

Hart (105) states that the ‘‘Common Cockroach” is sup- 
posed to feed on minute red perithecia of the Cacao Canker 
Fungus in the interstices of the bark of Cacao trees. If this is 
found to be so, the Cockroach will be regarded, when in 
abundance, as a valued friend to the Cacao planter, as destroy- 
ing the means of reproduction of the fungus. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


OxyYPTILUS PILOSELLE IN Herrrorpsuire.—In the collection of 
Lepidoptera given to me by Mr. T. F. Furnival, and referred to on 
page 386, I have found five specimens of Oxyptilus piloselle, which were 
taken by him on the canal-bank near Tring Station on August 18th, 
1905. This species has not previously been recorded for Hertford- 
shire, so that I have pleasure in adding the name to our county list. 
Dr. T. A. Chapman has kindly confirmed the identification of the 
specimens. Mr. T. H. Court, of Market Rasen, was with Mr. Furnival 
at the time the capture was made, and also took some specimens.-— 
Puiuie J. Barraup; Bushey Heath, Herts, March 4th, 1907. 


“Current Criticism.’’—My attention has been drawn to the article 
‘* Current Criticism,” by Mr. Kirkaldy, in the March number of your 
Journal. Mr. Kirkaldy censures Mr. Distant for want of ‘accuracy 
in dates,” and gives citations from the volumes on the Rhynchota in 
the ‘‘ Fauna of British India” Series. I wish to say that, so far as 
these examples are taken from vol. iii. of the work in question, I, as 
editor, and not Mr. Distant, should be blamed for the errors in dates. 
With regard to the date of the text of the ‘ Coquille,’ I would point 
out that the title-page of the ‘ Voyage Coquille Zool.,’ vol. ii., bears the 
date 1880, that this date was at first accepted by Messrs. Sherborn and 
Woodward (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vii., 1901, pp. 8391-392), 
and that the correction (tom. cit., ser. 7, vol. xvii., 1906, pp. 335-386) 
was not published till after Mr. Distant’s vol. iii. wasin print. Further, 
the errors in dates quoted by Mr. Kirkaldy, however reprehensible 
in themselves, involved no question of priority.—C. T. Binewamu; 
March 12th, 1907. 


Barrert’s ‘ LEPIDOPTERA OF THE Britisu Isuanps..—A coop Book 
SPOILED BY ITs Inprx.—Some fifteen years ago we were all delighted 
at the announcement of a comprehensive work on the Lepidoptera of 
the British Islands from the pen of that veteran entomologist, Charles 
G. Barrett. The work has just come to an end, unfortunately after 
the decease of the author. Whatever may be our views as to the 
classification adopted, we shall value the book as affording a lasting 
record of the author's vast personal knowledge in the life of so many 


88 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of the species treated of, and have anxiously awaited the issue of the 
concluding part, on the assumption that it would contain a specific 
index that would enable easy reference to any particular species to 
which it might be desired to refer. But what do we find? A so-called 
‘General Index to the entire work, including Families, Genera, 
Species, and Synonyms ”’; but as it gives no clue as to what genus a 
given species may be placed under, one may, as likely as not, have to 
hunt through many pages in order to find the reference to the species 
desired, and the value of the work as a book of reference is correspond- 
ingly depreciated. The blame for this serious omission cannot be laid 
upon the author. He had a perfect right to adopt any method of 
classification he pleased, and had he lived to see the completion of his 
work, would doubtless have taken the necessary means to enable his 
readers to easily follow him. Nor can Mr. South, who, we are told, 
has seen the concluding portions of the work through the press, be 
suspected of so serious an omission; his methods in such matters are 
too well known to admit of any such suggestion. Is it too late to 
hope that the publishers may yet see the error of their ways and be 
induced to provide a comprehensive specific index, and thus raise this 
record of the life-work of an able British entomologist to the deserved 
position of a standard book of reference? Even if it were issued as 
an extra part everyone of the original subscribers would, I venture to 
believe, gladly take it, and the influence that it would have upon the 
stock still remaining in the publisher's hands must be manifest.— 
Rosert Apxin; Lewisham, March, 1907. 


Hrratum.—Page 66, line 5, for “ vol. xii.’’ read ‘vol. vii.” 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


NyctTiBora HOLOSERICEA—A very perfect specimen of this fine cock- 
roach was taken on Feb. 28th, 1907, on a fruit-stall in Mansfield 
Market-place, and was presented to me by the stall-keeper ; it is now 
in my collection. I think most probably it was introduced with 
bananas. In the January number of the ‘Entomologist’ for 1900 a 
good illustration of the insect is given. Mr. Lucas remarks that it is 
covered with a yellowish pubescence, which gives it the appearance, in 
some lights, of being phosphorescent, and that is a very good descrip- 
tion of it. I only commenced to collect the cockroaches in 1906, but 
have already obtained the under-mentioned species locally :—P. ger- 
manica, B. ortentalis, P. americana, P. australasia, and N. holosericea, 
and the green cockroach.—Witu1am Daws; 89, New Wood Street, 
Mansfield, Notts. 


PRODENIA LITTORALIS.—A specimen of this moth was attracted by 
the light in my brother’s house at Quorn, in Leicestershire, and was 
secured by him; but, I am sorry to say, it was damaged in the capture. 
As he was not collecting at the time, he kindly gave the specimen to 
me. Ido not know the exact date of capture, but it was some time 
in September, 1906, possibly imported in some stage with tomatoes. 
Is this moth double-brooded ? Usually the imago appears in March 
and April.—Wituiam Daws. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 89 


Tue Parrine or Curastis ticuta.—I never remember seeing any 
statement as to whether our two closely allied species of Cerastis 
(C. ligula and C. vaccinit) pair in the autumn or in spring. I was 
therefore much interested in discovering a pair of C. ligula in cop. on 
an ivy-leaf in my garden at 5.15 p.m. on November 25th, 1906. They 
had separated at 9 p.m. the same evening, and I kept the female with 
the hope of her laying eggs before she died. To-day I find her dead, 
but no trace of any eggs. I don’t ever remember taking this species 
in the spring, and therefore still feel doubtful as to when she really 
does oviposit. Can any of your readers solve the question ?—Rey. 
G. H. Raynor; Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, February 4th, 1907. 

P.S.—Last night (March 27th) I took a female of this species at 
sallow. It may therefore be inferred that after pairing the female 
survives the winter, and oviposits in March and April.—G. H. R. 


AMPHIDASYS BETULARIA Var. DOUBLEDAYARIA.—Seeing your notice on 
‘‘ Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera,’ by G. T. Porritt, F.Z.8. (ante, 
p- 23), I thought it might interest you to know that on the Lincoln- 
shire Wolds var. doubledayaria appears to be the dominant form of 
Amphidasys betularia, as in the South-West Riding of Yorkshire. At all 
~ events, I have obtained a considerable number of pupx, mostly under 
ash-trees, and all so far have been var. doubledayaria.—Sairenar B, 
Steeuman ; Binbrook, Market Rasen, Lincoln, March 11th, 1907. 


Nores on HertrorpsuirE Insects, 1906.—Captures in my light- 
trap at Bushey Heath during 1906 included the following species; 
those marked with an asterisk being new to my ‘‘light”’ list (which 
now totals three hundred and seven species), and one, Gelechia diffinis, 
is also new to the Hertfordshire list :—Drepana binaria, Dipterygia 
scabriuscula, Calymnia pyralina, Selenia lunaria, * Tephrosia crepuscularia, 
Eupithecia pulchellata, HE. exiguata, Pelurga comitata, *Scoparia dubi- 
talis, * Hedya dealbana, “Plutella maculipennis (cruciferarum), *Gelechia 
difinis; also dark forms of Awylia putris, and a male and female 
Spilosoma lubricipeda with unusually large black markings. Phigalia 
pilosaria was taken as early as January 26th. 

Sugaring in the garden was more successful than during the 
previous few years, and among others I took:—Hydrecia micacea, 
Dipterygia scabriuscula, Apamea unanimis, Caradrina morpheus, C. cubi- 
cularis, Agrotis suffusa, A. saucia (two females), Noctua augur, Xanthia 
cerago, X. ferruginea, Polia flavicincta, Miselia oxyacanthe and var. 
capucina, Agriopis aprilina (one female, a rather dark form), Hadena 
protea, H. geniste, Orthosia lota. A few Plusta moneta, P. chrysitis, 
Hecatera serena, Pericallia syringaria, Hepialus humuli, and many 
commoner species were taken at dusk in the garden, and Gonoptera 
libatrix occurred in the house in February and September. Pireris 
rape was first seen on April 11th, and on the same day three Vanessa 
urticé were seen in the garden. One specimen of Thecla w-albwm was 
taken here on July 16th; and Vanessa atalanta was seen at sugar on 
October 14th. 

Several visits were paid to Pré Wood, St. Albans, in the company 
of Mr. A. E. Gibbs, the first being on March 31st to sallows, when we 
took a single specimen of T'eniocampa populeti, and two Pachnobia 
rubricosa ; while the commoner Teniocampide swarmed, accompanied 

ENTOM.—APRIL. 1907. I 


90 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


by a few hybernators. I obtained ova from T. gothica and T. cruda, 
and now have pupe of both species. On April 22nd we took Tephrosia 
crepuscularta on trunks, and again on May 18th, when Pieris rape, 
Huchloé cardamines, Syrichthus malve, and Ancylis lundana were also 
seen. 

Two visits were paid to Aldbury Down, near Tring, the first 
occasion being June 17th. I found Lycena alsus and Nisoniades tages 
fairly common, the latter going over. Other captures were Lycena 
astrarche (two), Hesperia sylvanus, Huclidia mi, Crambus hortuellus, 
C. pascuellus, Scoparia dubitalis, Cnephasia subjectana, and Elachista 
argentella. On the second occasion (August 4th) I found Lycena 
corydon and Hesperia comma out in their usual numbers. A few 
Hesperia thaumas were discovered in the same spot as in previous years. 
As far as I can discover, this species is extremely local here, being 
confined to only a few square yards. 

Regarding the Hymenoptera, I noticed that Anthophora pilipes was 
rather more abundant than usual in the spring; the first male was 
seen on March 18th, and the first Andrena fulva on May 5th. Psithyrus 
rupestris Was not uncommon on Aldbury Down on June 17th, and 
Bombus sylvarum and Abia sericea were taken on the same day. 

Of the Diptera, the following have so far been named :—Bombylius 
major, Syrphus bifasciatus, S. ribesti, Eristalis pertinax, E. horticola—all 
at St. Albans ; Hmpis livida and Cyrtoneura stabulans at Bushey Heath ; 
and Volucella bombylans, Aldbury Down.—Pauitie J. Barraup; Bushey 
Heath, Herts, February 24th, 1907. 


SOCIETIES. 


Souta Lonpon Enromonoercan anp Narurat History Socrety.— 
February 14th, 1907.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.8., President, in the chair. 
—Mr. Goulton exhibited a series of Hybernia defoliaria, bred from 
Ranmore Common larve, most of the imagines being dark and more 
or less uniform. — Mr. Newman, pupe of Asteroscopus nubeculosa of a 
transparent green colour, just like pups when first changed; and also 
spun-together tufts of reeds containing pupew of Meliana flammea.—Mr. 
Rayward, a young living larva of Strymon w-album, which he had cut 
out of an egg in mid-January; it was still alive, although normally 
perfectly quiescent. Mr. Tutt noted that the species hybernated as a 
larva within the egg-shell.— Dr. Chapman, a large, very brown 
Callophrys rubi from the Riviera, with antenne brown beneath; and 
two examples of the same species set to show position of ‘‘ tails” of 
the wings when resting. — Mr. Adkin, a series of Hubolia cervinata 
reared from Hastbourne larve, and stated that the larve could only be 
found at night. —Mr. Kaye, a long series of Heliconius hydara subsp. 
columbina, with a pair of H. amaryllis subsp. rosina from Columbia, to 
show the extraordinary colour resemblance of the two species. — Mr. 
Harrison, for Mr. Mansbridge, a long series of Agrotis ashworthit, bred 
from North Wales larve, and read notes on the breeding habits of the 
larvee, and variation of the resultant imagines. About twenty-four 
per cent. were very dark imagines.—Miss Fountaine, (1) the very local 


SOCIETIES. 91 


form of the summer brood of Pieris napi var. flavescens from Modling, 
near Vienna; (2) Pieris daplidice var. bellidice from Aix-en-Provence, 
and ab. raphani from Algeria; (3) P. chloridice from Asia Minor ; 
(4) Anthocharis cardamines and its allies, A. grunert from Greece, 
A. damone from Syria, A. euphenoides from South France, A. eupheno 
from Algeria, A. belemia and A. falloni from the desert district in 
Algeria, A. pechi and A. charlonia from South Algeria, A. tagis var. 
bellezina from Aix-en-Provence, and var. insularis from Corsica. — Mr. 
Hy. J. Turner read a paper entitled ‘‘ Our Authorities: an Introduction 
to Entomological Literature,” illustrating his remarks by a number 
of volumes issued previously to 1800, exhibited by Messrs. Adkin, 
Edwards, Sich, and himself. 

February 28th. —The President in the chair.—Mr. H. W. Barter 
and Mr. F. D. Coote, of Camberwell, were elected members. — Dr. 
Chapman exhibited (1) a pupa of Hastula hyerana showing the jaws ; 
(2) a specimen of Capina alia with a triple tarsus to the right hind 
leg; (8) a short series of Leioptilus carphodactylus, a plume new to 
Britain, taken at Folkestone by Mr. Purdey; and (4) some fine 
varieties of Peronea cristana.—Mr. South, an extremely pallid specimen 
of Satyrus semele taken near Canterbury. — Mr. Lucas, specimens of 
Hybernia leucophearia from Oxshott.— Mr. Rayward, ova of a thorn 
moth laid in a row on a twig of blackthorn. —Mr. Newman, cocoons of 
Dicranura bicuspis on birch-bark overgrown with lichen from Tilgate 
Forest.—Mr. Turner, Coleoptera from Waroona, West Australia.—Mr. 
Adkin, long varied series of Dianthecia carpophaga from the South 
Downs, and gave notes on them. — A large number of lantern-slides 
were exhibited by Messrs. Lucas, Main, West (Ashtead), Dennis, and 
Tonge, illustrating life-histories, protective resemblance, egg-capsules 
of blatta sp., marine alge, ova of Lepidoptera, and rare plants.— 
Hy. J. Turner (Hon. Rep. Sec.). 


LancasHirE AND CuesHIRE Entomotocican Society. — The usual 
monthly meeting of this Society was held in the Royal Institution, 
Colquit Street, Liverpool, on February 18th, Mr. W. Mansbridge, Vice- 
President, in the chair.—The chairman communicated a paper entitled 
‘* Micro-Lepidoptera captured in Lancashire and Cheshire during 
1906,”’ and illustrated his remarks by specimens of all the moths 
referred to. There were no rare species among them, but about thirty 
additions to recent records were mentioned.—In illustration of the 
Tortrices of North Lancashire, Mr. C. H. Forsyth, F.E.S., of Lan- 
caster, sent a box of some ninety species, collected mainly in the 
neighbourhood of Lancaster, including Sciaphila penziana from Arn- 
side, Conchylis alternana, Aphalia orceana, Grapolitha penklertana, and 
Dicrorampha saturnana from Lancaster. This exhibit proved a very 
useful contribution to our records for the northern part of the county.— 
Mr. Robert Adkin, F.E.S., of London, sent for exhibition a pair of the 
tortricid moth Tortri# pronubana, one of the most recent additions to 
the British list, and which attracted much attention.—Other exhibits 
were a series of beautiful water-colour drawings illustrating protective 
colouration in butterflies and moths by Mr. Newall, of New brighton ; 
the careful colouring, &c., of the insects pourtrayed were much admired. 
—Mr. Richardson, several well-arranged cases of insects for educa- 
tional purposes. 


92, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


March 18th.—My. W. Mansbridge, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the 
chair. — The members heard with regret of the death of Mr. John 
Robson, of Hartlepool, an honorary member of the Society, and one 
who had taken considerable interest in its welfare.—Dr. W. Bell, J.P., 
gave a most interesting demonstration of his methods of larva-pre- 
serving, and exhibited numerous beautiful examples of the art; some 
species being mounted upon preserved plants, others upon artificial 
fohage, many of the larve being accompanied by their respective 
imagines set in their characteristic resting attitudes. Dr. Bell also 
exhibited a specimen of Plusia aurifera, one of three captured in Corn- 
wall by Mr. Moore. The insects remained unrecognized until recently. 
There are only two other records of this rare insect in Britain, viz. one 
now in the British Museum collection, and another in a Liverpool 
collection formed by the late Mr. Robertson, of Limehouse, which is 
still in the possession of his family. — Other exhibits were :—Mr. 
B. H. Crabtree, fine varieties of Arctia caia: (1) with yellow hind 
wings; (2) a chocolate form with nearly unicolorous fore wings ; 
(3) with all the dark markings of a dull ochreous buff colour; (4) a 
specimen with white fringes to the fore wings, and reduced dark 
markings. Mr. Sopp, the cockroach Phoraspis leucogramma, Perty, 
taken in the Liverpool Docks, this being a Brazilian species not pre- 
viously recorded as having occurred in Europe. Mr. W. A. Tyerman, 
a long and variable series of T’eniocampa opima bred from Wallasey 
Ova; some very dark forms were included. Mr. W. Mansbridge, a 
short series of Zyge@na minos from Argyllshire, together with the Welsh 
form for comparison. — A paper by Mr. Robert Newstead, F.E.S., on 
the genus Glossina (tsetse flies) and Stomopys was announced for the 
next meeting on April 15th.—H. R. Swerrinc and Wma. MansprincE, 
Hon. Secs. 


Birmincuam Enromotoaican Socrery. — February 18th, 1907. — 
Annual Meeting. — Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair. 
—Tne usual formal business of Reports, Election of Officers, Council, 
&c., having been concluded, Mr. J. T. Fountain showed living Pieris 
rap@, L., and Larentia multistrigaria, Haw., the former having been 
taken on the wing on Feb. 15th, the latter having been bred.—Mr. 
H. Willoughby Ellis, the following Coleoptera :—Barynotus schénherri, 
Zeitt., from Knowle, a species not previously taken in the Midlands. 
Anchomenus puellus, Dr., taken in winter in frozen reeds near Birming- 
ham. Olisthopus rotundatus, Pk., a variety taken at Bewdley, with 
much narrower thorax than the type. The insect was altogether more 
slender, but the thorax was narrower in proportion; it made it look 
like a new species.—Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, a boxful of the brightest 
coloured moths, as brightly coloured and beautiful as any butterflies. 
They were all from New Guinea, and chiefly consisted of the genus 
Milionea (Geometers) and various Agaristide, and included various 
new species.—Coxtsran J. Wainwricut, Hon. Sec. 

Ciry or Lonpon Enromouocican Society. — February 5th, 1907.— 
Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited bred specimens of Hastula hyerana. 
Fifteen examples emerging between November and January were 
decidedly darker than any of four hundred specimens emerging at the 
normal time, viz. between August and October. It was suggested that 
the low temperature rather than the prolonged pupal period was the 


RECENT LITERATURE. 93 


cause of the darker coloration. — Mr. E. A. Cockayne, between sixty 
and seventy species illustrative of his notes on collecting in North 
Sutherland; an aberration of Acronycta leporina entirely white save for 
a large central black spot on the fore wings; and a fine series of 
Camptogramma bilineata spotted and striated with black were specially 
noteworthy.—Mr. H. M. Hdelsten, Acalia lorquiniana from Norfolk. 
Attention was drawn to its similarity in miniature to Senta maritima, 
and to the fact that it produced similar varieties. — Mr. V. HE. Shaw, 
Pachys betularia, including var. doubledayaria and several intermediates 
between this variety and the type; four nights’ sembling at Bexley 
yielded fourteen types, fifteen var. doubledayaria, and seven intermediate 
forms.—Mr. P. H. Tautz, Cosmia pyralina taken at light in July, and 
C. afinis bred from larve beaten from elm; both at Pinner. — Mr. 
EH. A. Cockayne read a paper entitled ‘‘Notes from North Sutherland,” 
in which was recorded the capture of many species apparently hitherto 
not reported so far north in Great Britain. 

February 19th.—Mr. EH. A. Cockayne exhibited Leucania flavicolor 
and vars. rufa, lutea, and argillacea, melanic Nonagria geminipuncta 
from Bournemouth, N. sparganit from South Ireland, and many other 
allied species. — Mr. H. M. Edelsten, long series of many of the 
“wainscots’’; alsoa pupa, in situ, of Meliana flammea, ova of Nonagria 
geminipuncta, and puparium of N. typhe and N. canne.— My. L. W. 
Newman, pupe of M. flammea bred in captivity; the larvee, instead of 
pupating in stems, had drawn reed blades into perfect cylindrical form. 
Also a pupa of Petasia nubeculosa, which, although a year old, retained 
the greenish transparent appearance characteristic of newly-formed 
pupe. — Mr. V. KE. Shaw, a series of Towocampa pastinum, Walmer, 
July, 1906, and Laphygma exigua bred in December.—A discussion on 
the ‘‘ wainscots’”’ was ably initiated by Mr. H. M. Edelsten, who, in 
his opening remarks, gave interesting details of the life-history of many 
species.—S. J. Bet, Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their World-wide Variation 
and Geographical Distribution: a Text-book for Students and Col- 
lectors. By J. W. Turr, F.H.S. Vol. i., pp. 479, plates xx. 
London: Elliot Stock. Berlin: Friedlander & Sohn. 1905- 
1906. 


Anotuer work by the indefatigable Mr. Tutt. This time it is the 
first of what are to be several volumes devoted to the British butter- 
flies, all treated in his exhaustive style. The volume just completed 
contains about eighty pages of introductory matter of a general cha- 
racter relating to the eggs and larve, and deals with many of their 
characteristics, including the knowledge recently acquired of the 
association of some of them with ants, and of the carnivorous habits 
of certain species. 

The rest of the volume, comprising nearly four hundred pages, is 
occupied with a detailed account of nearly all that is known of ten 
species—the eight British ‘skippers,’ the ‘‘small copper,’’ and the 


94 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


‘large copper,’’—now extinct in our islands, prefaced in every case by a 
full account of the superfamily, family, and genus to which it belongs. 
We cannot give a better idea of the thoroughness with which the work 
is done than by taking as an example of it the common Rumicia phleas. 
This belongs to the superfamily Ruralides, comprising the “‘ coppers,” 
‘blues,’ and ‘“ hairstreaks,” anda historical account. of their grouping 
by different authors, extending over sixteen pages. It is succeeded 
by five pages devoted to the family Ruralide. This is followed by 
five pages of the subfamily Chrysophanine, and four of the genus 
Rumicia, occupying three or four pages more. To the species itself 
eighty pages are appropriated. 

After the original Linnean description, and a modern one in 
English, there follows a detailed description of the geographical and 
climatal variations, and the connection of these with temperature. 
These are sueceeded by descriptions of variations in colour or mark- 
ings—in ground colour, in the fore wings and hind wings, in suffusion, 
and in the under side—with copious information as to the localities 
and dates of capture of these varied forms. After this comes a full 
history and description of their egg-laying—of the egg itself and its 
parasites ; of the larva, its habits and variations, its pupation and 
food-plants, and its parasites; of the pupa, its variations, and its 
pupal dehiscence ; the time of appearance of the imago in its widely 
distributed localities over a large part of the world, its habits and 
habitats. 

The plan observed in the author’s ‘British Lepidoptera,’ of supply- 
ing voluminous and detailed information on all the points above men- 
tioned, is followed here. Thus, under the head ‘“ Time of Appearance,”’ 
are given more than eight pages of records, and afterwards, under the 
title ‘‘ Localities,’ four pages more in small type. It is fair to say 
that these are not mere catalogues of dates and places. Some will 
think that for so common and widely distributed a species they are 
unnecessarily voluminous, and, standing alone as they do, their value 
is perhaps not commensurate with the space they occupy. But, with 
the aid of local climatologies and records of seasonal temperatures, &c., 
they would, for purposes of reference, furnish abundant and in many 
respects very valuable materials for any who may desire to construct 
a comprehensive and exhaustive account of climatal, seasonal, and 
other local influences on the distribution, abundance, normal times of 
appearance, and habits of any of the species of which these particulars 
are given. 

Having described in general outline the comprehensive plan on 
which the book is written, an example, still drawn from the chapters 
on Lumicia phleas, may be given of its treatment of the subject under 
the head of ‘“ Habitats ’’ :—‘ It is difficult to say what are the chosen 
haunts of this lovely little insect; yet one may not write ‘ every- 
where’ against it, for there are many spots where a specimen may 
never be seen. Distributed as it is from the Atlantic to the Pacific, in 
both the Old and New Worlds, and from the warmest north temperate 
regions to far within the Arctic Circle, and from the low hot plains of 
Southern Europe and Asia up the mountains to an elevation of from 
8000 ft. (in the Basses-Alpes) to 15,000 ft. (in North-east Kumoa), it yet 
selects chosen places in which to live; and, as in America it is said 


RECENT LITERATURE. 95 


to prefer dry, sandy, or gravelly barren spots, or the sides of paths in 
dry pastures or upland highways, frequently invading towns, and find- 
ing the hottest corners for its gambols, so in Europe it selects sand- 
hills and sand-dunes, sloping chalk-hills, and flowery wayside banks, 
meadows, wood-ridings, heaths and moorlands, mountain pasturages, 
and other innumerable different spots. In Britain it loves our open 
chalk-hills in the southern and eastern counties, the limestone slopes 
of the western and northern counties, the sandstone of the south- 
western—e.y. the downs at Halling (Ovenden), and at Freshwater 
(Hawes), the sand-hills at Deal (Tutt), and near Findhorn (Mutch), 
and is especially abundant on the dry Triassic sandstone area of the 
central and northern parts of Nottingham (Goss) ; the heaths at New- 
bury (Kimber), the moorlands of the Western Highlands (Tutt), rough 
stony ground edging: the woods near Truro, and at Weston-super-Mare 
(Whittaker); whilst fine bright examples occur in the isles of Bute 
and the Great Cumbrae (Swinton).’’ And so for another couple 
of pages, taking us through various localities—the Channel Islands, 
Scandinavia, France, the Riviera, Germany, Switzerland, Northern 
and Central Italy, Bulgaria, Syria, India, China, the Japanese Islands, 
as well as Abyssinia, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Pamirs. 
All this is admirably described. 

We are glad to see that another volume, to contain the ‘“ hair- 
streaks” and ‘‘blues,’’ is in preparation, and will be published in 
1907-8. The book will be the indispensable work of reference upon 
the subject of the butterflies found in Britain. FM 


Catalogue of British Orthoptera, Neuroptera, and Trichoptera. By the 
late C. W. Datz, F.E.S. Revised and corrected. Colchester : 
W. H. Harwood & Son. 1907. 


Propasiy students and collectors of the British Orthoptera, Neuro- 
ptera, and Trichoptera, though few enough still, are not quite so smali 
a company as formerly was the case. The insects they are concerned 
with are no doubt somewhat difficult to preserve and to prepare for the 
cabinet, and when there do not make so fine’a show as does a collection 
of Lepidoptera. But these insects possess one merit which places 
them in importance above all others—their antiquity. No scientific 
entomologist can therefore afford to remain uninterested in these 
orders, and we can with confidence recommend to his notice a cata- 
logue of the British members of the orders, which Mr. W. H. Harwood 
has just issued ; for one of the greatest helps to anyone working at a 
group of any kind is a good reliable list of the members included 
within its limits. Originally drawn up by the late Mr. C. W. Dale, 
F.E.S., it has been revised and brought thoroughly up to date by 
various entomologists working at the orders. Criticism is scarcely 
needed, but we might say that as the Orthoptera are graded as to their 
status in our fauna, the introduced and naturalized species, and the 
occasional visitors might have been separated, their position on the 
list being so widely different. One other cockroach, Blabera cubensis, 
might have been added to the visitors, two having been accidentally 
introduced into Oxford last year. The genus Auridium should, of 
course, be Acridium. BY tad 


96 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


OBITUARY. 


Wire much regret we have to announce the death of Mr. Joun 
Emmerson Rosson, of Hartlepool, and also of Mr. Wittiam Joun Cross, 
of Quayside, Ely. 

We understand that Mr. Robson had been failing in health for 
some time past, but it was not until about two months ago that 
his illness assumed a serious form, and he passed away on February 
28th, aged seventy-four years. He occupied a high position among 
the lepidopterists of this country, and was also interested in other 
branches of Natural History. With the object of cultivating and 
fostering a taste for Nature Study he founded and conducted the 
‘Young Naturalist,’ which in 1879 was started as a penny weekly 
magazine, and was furnished with the sort of information that the 
beginner could appreciate. At the conclusion of the third volume, 
in October, 1882, the weekly issue was discontinued, and vol. iv. 
commenced in December, 1882, as a monthly magazine, and the 
plates which had hitherto been plain were coloured in this and the 
succeeding volume. At the end of 1890 the publication had reached 
the last number of vol. xi., and the concluding one of the ‘ Young 
Naturalist,’ the number for January, 1891, being the first of the 
‘ British Naturalist.’ Under the latter title three volumes were con- 
ducted by Mr. Robson, and he then determined to discontinue publica- 
tion with the part for December, 1893. In January, 1894, the magazine 
was Carried on, as a new series, by Messrs. J. Smith and L. Greening, 
assisted by Mr. Robson, but we believe for that year only ; our copy 
stops short at No. 10. 

An exceedingly careful and well annotated ‘‘ Catalogue of the Lepi- 
doptera of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne,” by 
Mr. Robson, was published in the ‘Transactions’ of the local Natural 
History Society for those counties. The first part, dealing with the 
Macro-Lepidoptera, was issued in 1899, and the second part in 1902. 
Part i. of the Micro-Lepidoptera, comprising the Pyralidina and Tortri- 
cina, was produced in 1905. He waselected a Fellow of the Entomo- 
logical Society of London in 1890. 

Mr. Robson was a member of the Town Council, and held, or had 
held, many other important offices in Hartlepool, in the affairs of 
which town he took a deep interest, and especially in educational 
matters. 


Mr. W. J. Cross passed away on March 20th, aged 73 years. For 
the last four years his health had been undermined in consequence of 
a series of operations, and it was from the effects of the last of these 
that he succumbed. He was a keen entomologist, and the very fine 
collection of Lepidoptera that he formed represents over forty years 
of enthusiastic collecting. All who were privileged to associate with 
Mr. Oross found him a man of kind and gentle disposition, and one 
who was always anxious to assist his fellow-entomologists. Many young 
beginners have to thank him for his kindly help, which was ever 
extended to them most willingly. As a collector, he was well known 
in the New Forest, where he spent many months during nearly every 
summer. His death will be deplored by a very large circle of friends. 


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The Entomologist, May, 1907. Plate III. 


Spines on Clasps of Ancillary Appendages of 7’. (4.) (ridens, psi (4 vars.), 
and cuspis, x 16, from Camera Outlines (see p. 119). 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vou. XL] MAY, 1907. [No. 528. 


NEW AMERICAN BEES.—IV. 
By T. D. A. Cockeretu. 


Bombus rufocinctus astragalt, n. var. 

2. Similar to B. rufocinctus iridis (Ckll. & Porter), but the broad 
black band of the abdomen is without any red. This looks exactly 
like B. edwardsti, Cresson, and has until now always passed as that 
species. On comparing it with Pacific coast edwardsii, I noticed a 
difference in the length of the malar space, and wrote to Mr. Viereck 
to examine the material labelled edwardsii in the Cresson collection. 
This he kindly did, reporting as follows :— 

(1.) Malar space about half as long as wide. Two females, Colo- 
rado ; one female, Washington State; one female, Montana. 

(2.) Malar space a little more than half as long as wide, rather 
quadrate. Female, California ; female, Nevada. — 

The latter 1s the real edwardsit. I had labelled the Colorado insect 
as anew variety of edwardsti; but Mr. H. J. Franklin, to whom I sent 
a specimen, is confident that it is an extreme variety of B. rufocinctus, 
the structural similarity outweighing the remarkable colorational dif- 
ferences. 

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, June 9th, 1905, at flowers (white) 
of Astragalus sp. (W. P. Cockerell). Also Ward, Colorado, at 
Phacelia (Cockerell), and Florissant, Colorado (Rohwer). 


Nomada ceanothi, sp. nov. 

?. Length about 7 mm.; belongs to Nomada as restricted by 
Robertson, and is very close to N. florilega, Lovell & Ckll. (from Maine), 
from which it differs as follows :—Red of clypeus extending upwards 
in middle line, almost to antenne ; third antennal joint conspicuously 
shorter, its length little exceeding its apical breadth; flagellum more 
slender; hind femora less infuscated; second abdominal segment with 
a pair of extremely large lemon-yellow spots, more or less pyriform in 
shape; third with large yellow spots ; fourth without spots; fifth with 
a pair of very dull spots. Characters distinguishing it from other 
allied species (such as N. illinoensis and N. sayi) are as follows: no 
trace of yellow at lower corners of face; antenne long, fourth joint a little 


ENTOM.—MAY, 1907. K 


98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


shorter than twelfth ; mesothorax exceedingly coarsely punctured, dull 
red, with one broad black band; scutellum bilobed, but rather small ; 
pleura largely red; metathorax entirely black ; ventral surface of abdo- 
men red without yellow markings; first dorsal segment black right 
across at base; b.n. going a considerable distance basad of t. m. ; 
mandibles simple. 


Hab. Glencarlyn, Virginia, at flowers of Ceanothus, June 
21st (Nathan Banks). On the same day and flowers, at the same 
place, Mr. Banks took N. perplexa, Cresson. 


Nomada banksi, sp. nov. 

2. Length, 8 mm. or a little over; black, the markings of the 
head and thorax entirely dark ferruginous; abdomen with bright 
lemon-yellow markings; legs red, partly suffused with black. Face 
broad; clypeus, a small supraclypeal mark, labrum, mandibles (except 
apex), and lateral marks extending over summit of eyes, with narrow 
posterior orbits, all ferruginous ; mandibles simple; antenne dark 
reddish beneath, blackened above, third joint about as long as fourth, 
flagellum stout; mesothorax very coarsely and densely punctured, 
entirely black; scutellum moderately bigibbous, with a red spot on 
each prominence ; metathorax all black; pleura with a large red patch 
below, and a red spot above; tubercles and tegule red; wings dusky 
reddish ; stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous, b. n. just basad of t. m.; 
lees red, the middle and hind femora mainly black behind and beneath, 
hind tibiz blackish behind; anterior cox with a small tubercle, but 
no spine ; abdomen very finely punctured, black ; first segment with 
a narrow yellow band broken into four parts; second with a very 
broad yellow band, much broadest laterally, and rather widely inter- 
rupted in the middle; third with a large transverse mark, notched 
below, on each side; fourth, the band entire but narrowed in the 
middle, and deeply notched behind at the sides; fifth with a large 
quadrate patch, emarginate in front; venter red, the hind margins of 
the segments broadly dark, one or two slightly indicated yellow dots. 
There is some resemblance in the colour and markings to 1. gracilis, 
Cresson, known only in the male,* but I do not think it can be regarded 
as the female of that species. In Robertson’s table it runs to N. 
placida, but is larger, and differs conspicuously in the abdominal mark- 
ings. It is smaller than JN. electa, and that species (fide Viereck) has 
the b.n. going far basad of t.m.; it also has some yellow on the legs. 
N, electella differs in the face-markings, tegule, &c. 


Hab. Glencarlyn, Virginia, October 10th (Nathan Banks). 


Nomada infantula, sp. nov. 


?. Length about 5 mm.; red, with a broad black band on the 
mesothorax and metathorax ; mandibles simple; a blackish spot be- 


** T examined the type of gracilis in the Cresson collection. It is about 
8 mm. long; legs red and black; thorax black without marks; anterior edge 
of clypeus, lower corners of face and spot on base of mandibles yellow; apical 
plate of abdomen notched; second segment with a very large yellow mark 
on each side, third with a narrow interrupted band, fourth with a pair of 
spots, fifth and sixth each with a spot. 


NEW AMERICAN BEES. 99 


tween antenne, and a black transverse patch enclosing ocelli; an- 
tenne entirely red, fourth joint longer than third, but shorter than 
twelfth ; mesothorax rugoso-punctate ; scutellum moderately elevated 
and bilobed ; pleura with a black patch beneath; legs red, hind tarsi 
blackened on outer side ; tegule red ; wings hyaline, the apex fuscous ; 
stigma sepia-colour; b.n. some distance basad of t.m.; second s.m. 
broad, third narrowed almost toa point above; abdomenapparently with- 
out yellow spots, but close inspection shows a large very faint spot on 
each side of second segment, and small ones on third—these may be dis- 
tinctly yellow and conspicuous in some specimens, perhaps; first se¢- 
ment with some blackish at sides of base; third infuscated apically ; 
pygidial plate broad, pubescent; venter red, with only a dark mark on 
first segment. 

g. Length about 5 mm.; head and thorax black; a broad 
ferruginous band across lower part of face, including nearly all of 
clypeus, and sending a linear extension up the orbital margin, not 
quite as far as the antenne; basal two-fifths of antenne blackened 
behind ; fourth joint conspicuously longer than third, and about or 
almost as long as last; joints four to seven with the apex somewhat 
projecting beneath, giving an imbricated appearance; tubercles ferru- 
ginous; pleura with much white hair; scutellum entirely black ; hind 
femora and tibiz suffused with fuscous ; basal two-thirds of first abdo- 
minal segment black or almost ; apical plate notched. 

By the small size this resembles N. parva, Rob., but it is dis- 
tinguished in the female by the very feeble spotting of the abdomen, 
and more especially in the male by the structure of the antenne, and 
the absence of yellow markings on the abdomen. 


Hab. Great Falls, Virginia, May 22nd (Nathan Banks). 
The two specimens, one of each sex, are gummed on the same 
card. 

Anthidium blanditum predentatum, subsp. n. 


?. Similar to A. blanditum, Cresson, but differing as follows: 
upper part of clypeus with a large W-like black mark, consisting of a 
pair of cuneiform marks side by side, the points directed downwards ; 
anterior edge of clypeus also black, and a small dark area in the middle 
just above the edge; interruption of band on top of head broad, greater 
than the interval between the lateral ocelli; axille as well as scutellum 
with yellow bands; no yellow spot beneath tubercles ; the first four 
abdominal bands interrupted in middle, fifth only notched; laterally, 
the first band is notched behind, the second in front. 

Known from A. montivagum and A. portere by the bright lemon- 
yellow sixth abdominal segment, its margin evidently notched in the 
middle, and the elongated marks over the eyes. 


Hab. Boulder, Colorado, June 22nd, 1906 (G. Hite). 


Dianthidium pudicum (Cresson). 

@. Length about 8 mm. ; strongly punctured ; black with cream- 
coloured markings, no red colour anywhere on body or legs; ventral 
scopa pale orange; hair on inner side of tarsi pale orange; wings 
strongly dusky, especially the marginal cell. 


Kk 2 


100 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Similar to D. parvum, Cresson, but the markings are paler; the 
clypeus has only a pair of small light spots, separated from the lateral 
face-marks by a narrow line of black; the tibiw are black with only a 
light mark or spot at the base ; the apical abdominal segment is entirely 
black, and the lateral part of the light marks on the fifth is wanting. 
The posterior notches of the light areas of segments two to four are 
large and strong. 

Boulder, Colorado, September 19th, 1906 (S. A. Rohwer). 

D. pudicum was based on two male specimens from Nevada, 
closely allied to parvum, but with cream-coloured markings. The 
female has not been described, but in the Cresson collection there 
are placed with pudicum two females from Colorado, with the 
abdominal bands yellow, and the clypeus with central part black. 
These, I think, do not belong there, and it is much more likely 
that the insect described above is the real female of pudicum. 
Whether it is more than a mutation of D. parvum is another 
matter. 

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado: 
March 26th, 1907. 


A FEW NOTES ON SOME OF THE CORSICAN 
BUTTERFLIES. 


By Marearet EK. Fountains, F.E.§. 


AutHoucH Corsica in recent years has become anything but 
a terra incognita to British entomologists, most Continental 
collectors having visited at some time or other the dry hillsides 
round Ajaccio, and the glorious forest of Vizzavona, I still hope, 
nevertheless, the following notes may obtain some little interest, 
for one reason that, during my stay there last summer, I visited 
more than one locality hitherto unexplored, at least by British 
entomologists ; and also that my collecting in the island began 
several weeks earlier in the season than the time usually and 
indeed well chosen as being the most likely to be productive of 
good collecting; and of those who have waited till the end of 
June or even July before going to Corsica I can only say that 
they have acted wisely, as in May and early June, after a good 
series of Anthocaris tagis var. insularis is secured, there is but 
little to be done of much importance. 

Luri (100 ft.), in Cap Corse, is, I think, the best place for 
spring collecting ; and though the Hotel de France is an inn of 
exceeding modesty, accommodation can be found there, but I can 
scarcely describe it as palatial, inasmuch as it boasts of but 
two tiny bedrooms, so that when these are both occupied, should 
a third guest arrive, the arrangement is that he sleeps on a sofa 
in the salle-a-manger. Evisa (2700 ft.), situated about 60 kils. 


NOTES ON SOME OF THE CORSICAN BUTTERFLIES. 101 


west of Corté, and about 70 kils. north of Ajaccio, is one of the 
most beautiful places I have ever seen, close to the borders of 
the great Forest of Aitone on one side, and on the other looking 
over chains of rugged mountains towards the sea and the sunset. 
Hotel Gigli, too, being an inn of fair pretensions, clean and 
comfortable, with a most obliging proprietor, goes far to make a 
prolonged stay at Evisa exceedingly pleasant and agreeable. 
Then, too, a place little known to entomologists, but by no 
means unworthy of notice, is La Piana, built on a raised plateau, 
near the edge of a cliff, about 1400 ft. above sea-level, and close 
to the Calanche, a rocky formation of hard red sandstone, whose 
many weird forms and outlines would suggest having been 
wrought by the perpetual action of the sea in centuries gone 
by. These Calanche attract many French tourists to La 
Piana, in spite of the long diligence drive of some 60 kils. from 
Ajaccio. 

I append a list of the most important amongst my captures, 
beginning with :— 

Papilio hospiton, Gu.—My first capture of this rare and 
beautiful Papilio was on May 8th at Luri; four specimens were 
taken that day, but three of them were in bad condition, sug- 
sesting that their emergence from the chrysalis must have taken 
place some time in April. Yet I do not think that hospiton is 
double-brooded ; specimens seem to emerge throughout May, 
June, and July, singly, and, according to my experience, by no 
means at frequent intervals. I only took it in one locality near 
Luri, on the top of the mountain pass, above Cagnano, and it 
was far from common. At Evisa it also occurred, but was 
decidedly rare. This butterfly seems to be unusually addicted 
to knocking itself about, so that by far the greater number of 
those taken were more or less damaged. The larva, when halt- 
grown, is easily distinguishable from machaon, which, however, 
in its early stages it closely resembles; the black rings are more 
rugged in their outlines, and the general tone of the caterpillar 
more of an apple-green. 

Anthocaris tagis var. insularis, Stgr.—The best place for this 
insect is undoubtedly Luri; I found three or four localities for 
it in that neighbourhood, in some of which the males were quite 
common. My first capture of it was on May 5th, on the pass 
below Seneca’s Tower (950 ft.). It occurred also on the top of 
the pass above Cagnano (775 ft.), and on the southern slopes of 
the mountains near Luri, in which latter locality, with the able 
assistance of Bersa, I once took fourteen specimens in one 
morning. All these elevations were, at their highest points, just 
below 1000 ft. Insularis is a rapid flier, but, like var. bellezina, 
loves to settle on the pale mauve flowers of the wild rosemary, 
which much facilitates the chances of its capture. At Hvisa in 
June it was rare, but still to be had in good condition. It was 


102 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


practically over on a mountain south of La Piana at the end of 
that month. My efforts to obtain ova, or to discover the larva, 
of this butterfly were unfortunately unsuccessful. 

Lycena egon, §. V., and var. corsica. The type, with, how- 
ever, blue females, occurred commonly at Evisa and La Piana 
in June. Var. corsica was only taken by me on the very top of 
Col de Vergio (about 5000 ft.) in July, where it was extremely 
plentiful. 

Charaxes jasius, L.—Along the steep rocky ridges, on the 
tops of the arbutus-clothed mountains round La Piana, all 
through the scorching heat of the midsummer days, C. jasius 
romps and gambols with his fellows ; and, indeed, much to their 
own personal destruction do these summer idlers fight and frolic 
in the sunshine, so that it was not until I had caught several, 
and released as many, that I managed to secure three or four 
magnificent specimens in absolutely perfect condition. They 
showed no fear, these brave glorious butterflies of the south ; 
they were angry, not frightened, when they found themselves 
prisoners in the net, and if disqualified, and therefore released, 
returned with just the same intrepid persistence to the very spot 
where they had so recently escaped from such a pitiful tragedy. 

Vanessa urtice var. ichnusa, Bon.—My first capture of this 
butterfly was on May 16th at Luri. In June at Evisa it was 
common, and there were any amount of larve in all stages 
feeding on every kind of stinging-nettle. But I soon found to 
bring them home when full-fed was (at least in my first attempt) 
merely to breed one hundred per cent. of ichneumons ; whereas 
afterwards a batch of tiny ones produced just as many butter- 
flies. I also induced some females to lay, which they did very 
readily, shortly after being placed in the sun with plenty of 
nettles to choose from. On one occasion a female, having 
deposited quite a large batch of eggs, began to get very lively, so 
I removed her from that cage, where another female was busily 
laying at the same time; and the next day, having been well 
surfeited with sugar and water in the meantime, I put her back 
into the laying-cage again. She seemed yery restless, and, 
though apparently wishing to lay, wandered anxiously about for 
some time in search of a suitable spot, till at last she found what 
she was evidently looking for, %. e. the same batch of eggs she 
had herself laid the day before, where she at once began laying 
again, more or less on the top of the others. I thought this all 
the more curious as the eggs laid by the other female were 
entirely ignored by her, though she once had a look at them, but 
nothing would please her but to find her own. She was subse- 
quently released. 

Argynnis eliza, Godt.—Appeared in great profusion in the 
Forest of Aitone, near Evisa, towards the end of June, and 
throughout July on the Col de Vergio. 


EVENING AT THE ELECTRIC LIGHTS IN DURBAN. 1038 


A. paphia, L., var. valezina, Esp., and var. anargyra, Stgr.— 
All three occurred together in the Forest of Aitone in July. 

A. pandora, 8. V.—Very common at Evisa in July. The 
specimens were all dark, especially the females. 

Satyrus semele var. aristeus, Bon.—First taken at La Piana 
on June 23rd. It was very common at Calacuccia towards the 
end of July. 

S. neomiris, Godt.—First taken at La Piana on June 24th, 
where it soon became fairly common on the ‘‘ jasius-haunted ” 
ridges of all the mountains. Also very abundant at Evisa (out- 
side the forest), on the Col de Vergio, and at Calacuccia in Italy. 

Pararge megera vay. tigellius, Bon.—Met with throughout the 
summer everywhere. Apparently the only butterfly to be had 
during my first few days at Luri in May. I took a very fine 
female near Bastia on May 24th, in which the black apical spot 
on the fore wings was fully twice the normal size. 

Cenonympha corinna, Hub.—Was rather rare at Luri in 
May. Very common at EKvisa and La Piana in June and July. 

Syrichthus sao var. therapne, Rbr.—Taken first at Luri on 
May 9th, where, however, it was very rare. Also at Corté end 
of May. I do not recollect seeing it at all either at HKvisa or 
La Piana. A brood emerged on July 25th at Calacuccia, so that 
I was just able to secure a few specimens before I left. 


Milano: March 15th, 1907. 


A RECORD EVENING AT THE ELECTRIC LIGHTS IN 
DURBAN, NATAL. 


By Gero. F. Leiau, F.E.S. 


I HAVE collected moths, &c., at the lights in Durban on and 
off for the past seven years; also in England, a good many 
years ago, in Shepherd’s Bush Road, and, although I have 
frequently seen a great number, still the record for March 15th, 
1907, is far and away above anything I have yet experienced. 

The evening was very still and close, and there was a little 
lightning. I arrived at the Umbilo Road, about a mile and a 
half from the centre of the town, at about 7.45 p.m., and worked 
three are lights. There were of different orders of insects simply 
thousands flying around each lamp. The ground below was 
covered, and also a wall near one of the lights. I give below a 
list of the moths taken, as far as 1 can, several being quite new 
to me, and, as I do not know the family they belong to, I must 
omit these. 

Saturnide very few, only two examples of Bunea tyrrhene, 
one worn Capaxa flavinata, one Ludia delagorguet, and two Urota 
sinope turning up. 


104 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Sphingide were exceedingly plentiful almost throughout the 
evening, and I took the following :—Chewrocampa eson (2), C. 
capensis (3), C. celerio (4), Phlegethonotius fulvinotata (2), Polytychus 
grayt (1), P. postica (3), B. meda (5), Euchloron megera (1), 
Nephele accentifera (1), Andriasa mutata (one male), and Temnora 
marginata (2); Sphinx convolvuli gathered in great numbers, and 
many were run over on the ground by carts, rickshas, &c. 

Of the Geometride very few occurred that I am able to 
identify, these moths not being named yet. I took, however, a 
banded variety of Boarmia accaciaria, and saw two or three 
others ; also three specimens of B. proximaria. 

The Noctuide simply swarmed, and a few rare ones were 
obtained. I captured one specimen of the scarce Spiramiopsis 
corunna, and am sending this to the Entomological Society of 
London, as I had previously sent them a blown specimen of the 
extraordinary larve of the species. Plusia angulum (many), 
P. signata (2), P. oxygramma (8), P. chrysitis, P. chalcites (2), 
Leucania loreyi (1), L. infima (8), Serrodes inaria (7), Amyna 
selenampha (1), Ophiusa indeterminata (2), O. limbata (1), O. 
algira \1), O. echo (2), Agrotis segetum (1), A. muscosa (1, and two 
vars. of same), Chalciope stolida (5), C. hyppasia (4), Thermesia 
atriplaga (2), T’. irrorata (1), Bereia incedens (1), Entomogramma 
pardus (3), and Cytogramma latona (2). Other species taken 
were Diacrisia leinardi (2), D. lutescens (4), D. flava (1), Rigema 
ornata (1), Metarctia lateritia (2), M. rufescens (four of the black 
variety, type-form very common), Anthena simplex (1), A. tricolor 
(3), Duomitus capensis (2), Huproctis fasciata (1), EH. pallida (2), 
Rhodogastria lupia (one, rare), R. astreas swarmed (took two or 
three of the dark variety), Maurilia arcuata (2). 

The following butterflies also turned up, which, with the 
exception of the first-named, is very unusual indeed: Melanitis 
leda (2), Myrina dermaptera (a very fine female), Papilio demoleus 
(1), Crenis boisduvali (1), Charaxes verannes (one, damaged). 

As I am now working hard at the Micros out here, I took in 
all about thirty different species ; they were about in thousands, 
and I am glad at last to be able to get these properly attended 
to and named. 

In conclusion, I may also state that there were hundreds of 
grasshoppers, locusts, &c., dashing about, and several beetles. I 
took six different species of water-beetles and some of the very 
large water-bugs, also on the wing. Altogether it certainly was 
a sight I should have been sorry to have missed. The bats, too, 
that are generally on the wing all the evening, disappeared soon 
after 8 p.m. I conclude they had had a good meal by that time. 
Strange to say, on the previous evening, with about the same 
weather, there was scarcely an insect to be seen. 


Durban: March 16th, 1907. 


105 


NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA 
CAPTURED IN 1906. 


By BH. FE: & J. C. F. Weyer; 


In Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire the year 1906 was 
a successful one from a collector’s point of view, but very little 
of genuine scientific value can be recorded. 

In the Rhopalocera three species of Thecla were bred, viz., 
T’. prunt, betule, and quercus, the two latter being abundant and 
easily reared. Augiades (P.) comma was taken on the Devil’s 
Dyke the third week in August, and also one specimen of Cupido 
minima, which, we presume, would be the second brood. 

In the Heterocera Hylophila quercana was recorded for the 
first time from our part of the Isle of Ely. Leucoma salicis 
seems on the increase, after being scarce for many years. 

Noctuz were not so plentiful as in 1905, but the quality was 
quite as good. Cymatophora ocularis turned up in some numbers 
at sugar, especially on white poplar, though occurring singly in 
most other situations as well. Acronycta strigosa again occurred, 
but only once, at sugar. A fine variety of A. ligustri was taken, 
resembling var. coronula, but without any light markings. Reed- 
feeding species were scarce, especially Leucania straminea and 
Senta ulve, though Calamia lutosa in October was not uncommon. 
XAylophasia sublustris in June was a new record for the district. 

In Mid Devon one Laphygma exigua was taken at light, but 
on account of illness little collecting was done in this county. 

An attempt was made to observe the relative numbers of 
Miana strigilis and its variety ethiops. The insects on a single 
round of about one dozen sugared posts were counted. The 
result was inconclusive, the numbers varying to too great an 
extent from night to night. On the whole, ethiops was in excess, 
about seventy per cent. being this variety. 

Three specimens of the var. bilinea of Grammesia trilinea were 
taken. Agrotis ravida was again uncommon, only three speci- 
mens being noticed. Teniocampa opima and T. populeti occurred 
at sallows, but only singly. One perfect Dicycla oo was captured 
at sugar in July, in the fen, at least six miles from the nearest 
oak wood, where we have never yet found the species. One 
specimen of Asteroscopus sphinx was bred from larva beaten in 
May. Bankia argentula was common at Chippenham in June. 
This closes the list of Noctue, though all the regular species 
noticed in former years occurred as well. 

In the Geometree Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria was 
bred, being the first specimen observed in the district, although 
this species has been bred occasionally for a period of forty years. 

One of the catches of the season was a specimen of Sterrha 
sacraria, taken while out shooting in Cambs. It is a male in 


106 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


fine condition, and was taken flying in the sunshine in a marshy 
meadow. 

Among the Pyralides Perinephele lancealis was the only fresh 
record. In the ‘‘Knothorns” Huzophera pinguis and Crypto- 
blabes bistriga were new to the district. 

Tortrices were very disappointing, one specimen of Stigmonota 
trauniana, bred from maple bark, being the only notable occurrence. 

No mention is made above of Macrogaster arundinis, Lithosia 
muscerda, Tapinostola elymi, Nonagria brevilinea, and Hydrilla 
palustris, taken in expeditions to Wicken and the Norfolk Broads, 
as these will probably be referred to in another note. 


CoLEOPTERA IN THE CHATTERIS District In 1906. 


During the three years 1879-81, the first-named writer col- 
lected beetles somewhat assiduously, and then left them, mainly 
owing to the difficulty of identification—for Fowler’s ‘ British 
Coleoptera’ was not then within reach. 

After twenty-five years’ more or less desultory work among 
Lepidoptera—the last ten with the assistance of my son, J.C. F. 
Fryer—we came to the conclusion that not very much remained 
to be done in the immediate district as regards the mere addi- 
tion of species. In January, 1906, I looked up my old collec- 
tion of Coleoptera, and found with disgust how much one can 
forget in twenty-five years. 

During the last year we have taken some three hundred 
species within the limits of the ‘‘ district,” and we give below a 
few notes of the more interesting species. Although the charac- 
teristics of this district have been referred to several times in 
our notes on Lepidoptera, it may be as well in this first note on 
the Coleoptera to repeat that it is comprised roughly within a 
radius of twelve miles of the town of Chatteris, and consists of 
both ‘‘ highland,” 2. e., land with a subsoil of the older geological 
formations, and cultivated fenland, of which the subsoil is partly 
estuarine and partly lacustrine in origin. Its nearness—some 
thirty miles—to the sandy coast of The Wash, with which it is in 
direct communication by means of the river systems and artificial 
‘cuts,’ may account for the occurrence of some coast species. 

There are also two small woods and a very small portion of 
original fen, neither of which, however, has at present been 
worked to any extent, and the occurrence of such forms as 
Haplocnemus nigricornis, Cistela ceramboides, and Tullus elongata 
is curious. 

Anchomenus livens.—Several specimens in 1906. 

Philonthus decorus.x—The same. 

Stenus opticus—One specimen. 

Dacne humeralis.—Local, but occurring in some numbers in dry 
fungoid growth. 

Triplax russica.—Three specimens in 1881. I have not seen it since. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 107 


Omosita depressa.—Taken about 1880, and also in 1906. 

Nemosoma elongata.—In the burrows of Hylesinus, under elm-bark 
of an old fence in 1906, a locality from which it has since utterly dis- 
appeared. 

Tiresias serra.—Bred from larve taken from under bark of elm, 
willow, and maple. Common in the distriet. 

Tetratoma fungorum.—One specimen, evidently some time defunct, 
in an old dried fungus. 

Aigialia arenaria.—One specimen. Fowler says: ‘‘Sandy coasts... 
apparently generally distributed round the coasts of the whole kingdom.” 

Trox sabulosus.—Another species one did not expect to take here. 

Silis ruficollis.—One specimen at Chatteris and one at Wicken. 

Haplocnemus nigricornis.—A single specimen of this rare insect was 
taken in the district in 1906, but as it was not identified until some 
little time afterwards the exact locality was unfortunately not noted. 

Tillus elongata.—A single specimen. 

Opilo mollis.—Several specimens from one locality, on or near 
Populus alba. 

Cistela ceramboides.—One example. 

Mordella fusciata.—Not uncommon. 

Brachytarsus fasciatus.—Occurs under bark of maple. 

Ceuthorhynchus viduatus.-—-A few specimens by sweeping. 

We are very much indebted to Dr. D. Sharp and Mr. C. R. 
Billups, of East Grinstead, for help in identifying species, and 
to the latter for many valuable hints as to the species to be 
looked for in the district. 


The Priory, Chatteris. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


HypsA BAUMANNIANA AND H. coNSPICUA UNDOUBTEDLY VARIETIES OF 
H. susreTracta.—Referring to the notes on the above in the February 
number of the ‘ Entomologist,’ by my friend Mr. Berensberg, I can 
confidently state that H. bawmanniana and H. conspicua are only 
varieties of Hypsa subretracta. I have reared this species during each 
of the last five years, and in every instance have obtained the three 
forms, and also other varieties. All three forms have been bred, and 
sent by me to the Tring Museum, and also, I believe, one example with 
the band on one hind wing only. With me the var. conspicua has been 
the rarest, the var. bawmanniana common, and the slightly banded 
form the commonest next to the type. I have, however, only bred one 
conspicua male. As far as 1 can remember, the other specimens of 
this form have been females. I may also mention that the larve do 
not vary in the least, and the species is one of the commonest in 
Durban.—G. F. Leieu, F.E.S., Durban, Natal, March 9th, 1907. 


PipRIs NAPI VAR. BRYONIZ Mate ?.,—The specimen of var. bryonia, 
believed to be a male, and shown as such at the February meeting of 
the Entomological Society, I submitted to the examination of Dr. Chap- 
man, who declares it to be only a female after all. In such a matter 
his decision is indisputable. I shall be obliged therefore if you will 


108 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


allow the insertion of this correction with my expression of regret at 
the mistake.—F. E. Lows. 


Insect Fauna or Lincotnsurre.—I shall be very much obliged to 
the readers of the ‘ Entomologist’ and other naturalists who can 
supply me with a list of any order of insects taken by themselves or their 
friends in Lincolnshire, to help me in completing the insect lists for 
the Victoria County History of Lincolnshire. Notes upon the com- 
monest species will be acceptable. I may say, too, that the Lincoln- 
shire Naturalists’ Union is now publishing lists from the notes kept 
by me as the Entomological Branch Secretary, so that I shall be 
pleased at any time to hear from any one who collects in the county. 
—G. W. Mason; Burton-on-Humber. 


Tue Insect Fauna or Yorksaire.—Another important addition to 
county faunal lists is that contained in the Victoria History of the 
County of Yorkshire. The insect section has been edited by Mr. G. T. 
Porritt, who also prepared the lists of Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Tricho- 
ptera, and Lepidoptera. The list of Hymenoptera is by Mr. W. D. 
Roebuck ; that of Coleoptera by Messrs. E. G. Bafford and M. L. 
Thompson ; and Mr. P. H. Grimshaw has drawn up the list of Diptera. 
Mr. Porritt states that the lists of Neuroptera and Trichoptera are 
largely based on the result of his own work during the past twenty 
years. ‘The summary of these show that of the 71 British species of 
Pseudo-Neuroptera (excluding Psocide and Ephemeride), 87 occur in 
Yorkshire ; 83 of the 53 British species referable to Planipennia; and 
93 of the 167 British species of Trichoptera are found in the county. 
British Hymenoptera total something over 4000, but in Yorkshire only 
582 species are so far known to occur ; and of the 8276 species of Coleo- 
ptera credited to Britain, 1707 species have been observed. Lepido- 
ptera is the order of insects most in favour almost everywhere, and 
this is perhaps especially the case in Yorkshire; anyway, from the 
summary of this list for the county we find that 1884 of the 2140 
British species have been recorded. 


InteRNATIONAL HixcHance AND Inrormation Bureau ror Lepipo- 
prerists.—The chief difficulty experienced by British collectors, when 
they emerge from their insularity, and seek “ fresh woods and pastures 
new ”’ on the Continent, generally is to get at the right sort of infor- 
mation with regard to localities. There are, of course, in France and 
in Switzerland, butterfly ‘centres’? which are as well known and 
explored as the New Forest and Wicken Fen, and have been visited by 
generations of collectors since their discovery perhaps a half-century 
ago. But our knowledge of adjoining regions is as incomplete as ever 
it was; and, in the absence of any number of French lepidopterists 
who publish other than advanced scientific work in their periodicals, 
it is likely to remain so. I think, therefore, that many of us will 
welcome the announcement which has reached me from M. le Docteur 
A. Salis, and M. F. Braun, Officier de l' Instruction Publique, of the 
establishment by them at Royan, Charente-Inférieure, of an ‘“Interna- 
tional Exchange and Information Bureau for Lepidopterists,”’ having no 
commercial object in view, but offering collectors at once the advan- 
tage of mutual introduction and facilities for exchanging specimens. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 109 


Should the venture prove successful—and I cordially recommend it to 
the notice of collectors on this side of the Channel—it is intended to 
collate and publish lists of the insects furnished, in the course of corre- 
spondence and exchange, by individual collectors from their respective 
localities, and in this way to arrive at a more precise knowledge of the 
distribution of species throughout France—a great part of which, so 
far as I have been able to find out during several years of research, is 
from the lepidopterist’s point of view wholly unknown and un- 
explored. The gentlemen whose names I have mentioned will send 
full particulars on application, and these also comprise a list of all the 
Macros occurring in the neighbourhood of their beautiful town. 
Meanwhile, may I again ask any entomologists who may be visiting 
France during the coming season, kindly to let me have a list, with 
dates, of the butterflies (only) taken or observed by them ?—H. Row- 
LAND-Brown ; Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald, April 21st, 1907. 


Barrett’s ‘ Leprmpoprera oF THE Britisa Isuanps.’ — Mr. Adkin’s 
cold douche has happily come too late to do much, if any, damage to 
the excellent work of Mr. Barrett, which will not be superseded during 
the present century. In compiling the index, we followed the 
author’s own plan in his indexes to the separate volumes. Some one 
proposed to give the authorities for the names in the index. After 
due consideration, we came to the conclusion that this, which would 
greatly increase the bulk of the index and double the cost, would 
answer no useful end. ‘The purport of an index is, not to repeat 
details given in the body of the work where all the authorities are 
given, but to direct to the page where they may be found. No sugges- 
tion was made concerning a specific index, which does not occur in any 
of our other works, where the indexes were prepared by the authors 
themselves, and it did not occur tous. We see at once the difficulty, 
not noticeable in the single volumes, where the indexes are short—the 
inconvenience of seeking the name of a species through forty-six 
closely printed columns. We therefore at once put in hand the com- 
pilation of an alphabetical index to the whole of the species, which 
will be issued as soon as ready.— THE PusBuIsHERS. 


Compsorata, n. nom., pro Cuarmea, Guen., Hmpsn., nec Dalman.— 
There is some confusion in the ‘‘ nomenclators ”’ respecting the generic 
name Charidea—particularly in Scudder’s, which is the most generally 
consulted. As Zeller, in Agassiz (Lep., p. 15), correctly indicates, the 
name was first used by Dalman in 1816 (Vet. Ak. Handl., xxxvii. 
p. 225) as n. nom. for Glaucopis, Fabr., Latr. (nom. preocc.—non 
Gmel. nec Lacépéde). Charidea, Guen. (Spéc. Gen. vi. [= Noct. ii.j p. 
60, 1852) is also rightly cited by Marschall (p. 283); but he adds 
Charidea, Dalm., 1846 (ex err. for 1816), meaning to imply that 
Guenée’s name is preoccupied, and this has resulted in Seudder’s 
citing (Univ. Index, p. 65) *‘ Charidea, Guen., 1846,” while he leaves 
** Charidea, Dalm.” without a date. Sir George Hampson, in his new 
volume (Cat. Lep. Phal., vi. p. 140) has accepted Guenée’s use of the 
name as valid, restricting the genus to its type-species elegantissima, 
Guen. For this genus I propose the new name Compsotata, mihi, 
n. nom. = Charidea, Guen., Hmpsn. restr. nec Dalman, type elegantissima, 
Guen.—Louts B. Prout; 246, Richmond Road, N.E., March 28rd, 1907. 


110 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


VANESSA ATALANTA.—During the first three weeks of February, 1907, 
V. atalanta made its appearance several times in a school-yard here. 
It flew vigorously during what sunshine there was, and kept to the 
sunny side of walls, opening and closing its wings while basking. 
This insect disappeared during a spell of frosty weather, and its 
retreat could not be discovered. On December 2nd, 1906, I saw 
V. atalanta several times, and again, on December 15th, I saw a speci- 
men fly over a cliff-side.—G. Ranpett; Seacombe, The Parade, Barry, 
Glamorganshire. 


BuaTTA ORIENTALIS OUT oF DooRs.—Mr. W. Daws, of Mansfield, 
tells me that on March 29th, 1907, he took a female B. orientalis in a 
garden at a distance from any house, in a heap of garden refuse. It 
was very stupefied, and did not attempt to escape.—W. J. Lucas; 
28, Knights Park, Kingston-on-Thames. 


VarieETY oF BrepHos pARTHENIAS.—While collecting at Easter in 
Epping Forest, I was pleased to obtain a very pale straw-coloured 
example of 5. parthenias, this being the first one I have seen of that 
colour.—C. H. Witurams; 86, Dartmouth Street, S.W. 


Norrs rrom THE Norru-West For 1906.—My first field: day was 
on February 17th, the locality Delamere Forest. The purpose of the 
visit was to see if the scarcity of Hybernia leucophearia, so noticeable 
in my experience since February and March, 1892, was still main- 
tained. It was, for I only saw one moth, a male H. marginaria = 
progemmaria. The same lament applies to other spring Delamere 
species, as Nyssia hispidaria (which I have not seen since March, 
1901) and Anisopterya @scularia. Phigalia pedaria = pilosaria is about 
the only moth now which keeps up the ancient spring reputation 
of Delamere Forest. And this evident scarcity is not explained by 
tree-felling, for the scene of my observations on February 17th was 
the same as that of February 13th, 1892, when I picked off the 
oak trunks a long series of H. leucophearia, including many melanic 
specimens. Nor has the scene, I believe, lost a single tree since then. 
I. have taken melanic females of P. pedaria in Delamere Forest, but 
the only melanic male (almost black and unicolorous) I possess I 
captured at a Chester gas lamp. The unicolorous melanic form of 
H. marginaria is not only frequent at Delamere but throughout the 
Chester district. 

I have little worthy of special record until I come to the month of 
June. That pretty silvery-white geometer, Lobophora lobulata, with 
its distinctive transverse lines, was common in the Forest in the 
month of April. At the Chester electric lamps I took a fresh and fine 
Teniocampa optima in the same month (April 22nd). This species is 
only recorded in our district list for Wallasey and Llandudno; there- 
fore my capture supplies a missing geographical link. About the 
middle of May I obtained two fine melanic specimens—almost black— 
of Tephrosia biundularia at-Delamere. In fact, the Chester district can 
fairly claim to be a melanie centre. I do not remember such a June 
for low temperature and absence of bright sunlight. Occasionally 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. aie | 


there was a warm, sunny day, as on the 9th, when, in Delamere 
Forest, among other things I captured a worn Ephyra punctaria. 
On the 10th a fine example of this moth emerged in a breeding-cage 
from a larva beaten off an oak in the Forest, October 26th, 1905. 
Lycena egon was just appearing in its usual haunts at Delamere 
on the 80th. On July 14th the butterfly was plentiful and in fine 
condition. At sunset I could have taken scores as they rested, head 
downwards, on an unusually prominent furze bush. Some of the 
females were beautifully “shot ’’ with blue, particularly on the lower 
wings, the nervules marked out in black. A few of the females had 
the marginal red spots almost obliterated, whilst one specimen is 
a unicolorous black, relieved only by a few scanty blue hairs in the 
region of the thorax. Five Cenonympha typhon (davus) var. philowenus= 
rothliebi were seen, June 30th, and eight only were counted on July 14th, 
on the principal ground where the butterfly was plentiful a few years 
ago. ‘The diminished numbers are doubtless due to over-collecting, 
and the time seems close at hand when typhon will cease to appear 
among the records of Delamere. Hepialus hectus, fine and fresh, were 
flying in numbers over isolated spots in the forest clad with bracken 
(the food plant) on July 21st from 8.30 to 8.45 p.m. In some of the 
specimens the silvery spots on the upper wings are unusually 
numerous and conspicuously large. The captures included only one 
female—a very sober-coloured moth in comparison with the males. 

It is remarkable that Coremia ferrugata should be common in 
Denbighshire and comparatively scarce in the Chester district. The 
Cheshire specimens are larger than those of Denbighshire, and the 
transverse central reddish bar across the upper wings is dispropor- 
tionately broader. Numeria pulveraria is a moth I have never taken 
in Cheshire, but several specimens were captured in June in the 
Wrexham-Llangollen district (Denbighshire) by Mr. B. Thompson. 
Especially when reared from the egg, pulveraria, with its umber 
ground (upper wings) crossed by a wide, transverse dark bar, is one of 
the most striking of British geometers. In closing my notes on North 
Wales I ought to mention that dingy skipper Nisoniades (Thanaos) tages, 
which was fairly common in June in its Flint and Denbigh haunts. 
Mr. B. Thompson found ZL. argiolus plentiful in May near Wrexham 
(Denbighshire), but I failed to meet with a second brood in August. 
The butterfly, therefore, appears here to be single-brooded. 

At the Chester electric lamps frequent windy nights and low tem- 
peratures interfered with collecting in June and July. Still, a beginner 
could have made some welcome captures. Among these, in June, were 
Smerinthus ocellatus, S. populi, Dicranura bifida, Notodonta ziczac, Miana 
strigilis (melanie forms culminating in the var. ethiops), Xylophasia 
hepatica, Hadena thalassina, Habrostola triplasia, Amphidasys betularia 
(plentiful, but including only a couple of types), and Schenobius 
forficellus; in July, N. dictea (N. dicteoides appeared as early as 
May 27th), Acronycta leporina, Caradrina morpheus, C. alsines, C. blanda, 
Plusia chrysitis, P. iota, P. pulchrina, another type betularia, and 
melanic forms of Tortrix podana, the latter probably reared on the 
elms near by. Spilosoma menthastri was unusually abundant in June 
and July at the lamps. On the other hand, I found S. lubricipeda 
much less in evidence. I took a female S. menthastri on the night of 


i) THE ENTOMOLOGIST, - 


June 11th. She laid a large number of eggs, which hatched in a 
fairly warm kitchen on the 18th. The larve—fed on plantain, and 
from which I hoped to get melanic forms—all began, unexpectedly, to 
pupate on July 14th, when I happened to be from home; and, as they 
suffered in the change from want of space, they died in the pupa state, 
except a solitary crippled and typical imago which emerged July 31st. 
Other forcing operations, in the same room, with Vemeophila plantaginis 
were more successful. Mr. J. Thompson kindly gave me about seventy 
eggs from the usual May-June brood. The parents were reared from 
larve taken in 1905 on Minera Mountain, Denbighshire. The eggs 
given me hatched June 29th and 30th, and the larve, fed on plantain, 
spun up on various dates in August. The first imago—a fine female— 
appeared August 21st and the last on December 8th. EHvery egg, I 
believe, resulted in a moth at some time or other between these dates. 
There was only a single departure from the typical insect—a male, in 
which the black markings were unusually and largely developed. I 
noticed, in forcing this second brood of plantaginis, that, as the outside 
temperature of the season fell, the emergence from the pupe became 
less frequent and the larve were slower in spinning up. Larve, pupe, 
and perfect insects, consequently, occurred together, even in November. 
I have seen the same results when forcing second broods of Arctia cata. 
Before leaving my captures at the electric lamps, I may mention a 
melanic specimen of Phibalapteryx lignata = vittata (August 23rd), 
Anchocelis lunosa (plentiful at the end of August and beginning of 
September), Xanthia xerampelina (August 31st), and, in September, 
Epunda lutulenta, Tapinostola fulva (with red forms), X. silago, X. 
gilvago, Eugonia (Ennomos) tiliaria, and EF. fuscantaria. Among the 
numerous males a solitary female F. tiliaria turned up on the night of 
September 12th, from which I obtained a lot of fertile eggs. 

Fine sunny days marked the beginning of August until the 8th, 
when I went for a fortnight’s stay to Lancaster. The temperature 
began to drop until the 10th, when, as I have so frequently observed, 
there is—or about that date, and on towards the middle of the month— 
an unmistakable break-up of the weather. In this case, stormy 
south-west winds, with frequent heavy rains, continued until the 14th, 
when, the sun shining once more, I went for a day’s collecting on 
Arnside Knott. The following butterflies were observed :—Argynnis 
aglaia (in good condition), 4. adippe (so battered as to be hardly 
recognizable), Hrebia aethiops =: blandina (chiefly worn and chipped by 
the recent weather), Satyrus semele, Epinephele ianira, Thecla quercus, 
Cenonympha pamphilus, Lycena astrarche var. salmacis, but nearly all 
bearing traces of age or of stormy weather. Other captures were 
Cosmia trapezina (at rest, and including the reddish form), one green 
and one almost black Hypsipetes elutata, Crambus hortuellus, and 
C. inguinatellus. Larve of Cucullia asteris—a species new to My. 
Forsythe’s district list (Entom., xxxviil., p. 86)—were taken off flower- 
heads of golden-rod. Seeing a thunderstorm coming up from the 
south-west about midday, my companion and I worked on until we 
barely gave ourselves time to reach the foot of the knott, or hill, 
where, in some friendly stables, we spent the time until the storm was 
over in admiring the carriage-horses, &c.—things getting rarer and 
rarer in these days of motor cars! The storm over—and a fierce one 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 113 


it was—we adjourned to the Crown Hotel, Arnside, which, after a 
good feed, we left again, and returned, with the sun shining once more, 
to our hunting-ground on the knott. Another visit, on the 16th, 
turned out to be ona cool, showery day, with north-west winds. I saw 
a few blandina and T. quercus, but the season was about over for the 
butterflies. Off tree-trunks I picked a worn and unrecognizable 
Kupithecia, an equally worn Scoparia, and, off a fern, a fine example 
of Tortriz forskaleana in which the median fuscous blotch (upper 
wings) is much more developed than in our Chester specimens. On 
this occasion I again took larve (three) of C. asteris from golden-rod. 

In the immediate vicinity of Lancaster I noticed the following 
moths:—Bryophila perla, Polia chi (at rest on stone walls), and, on 
tree-trunks, the pale form of Cidaria truncata-russata, that is, with 
the central portion of the upper wings white—the true russata, I 
believe. When I got home, on August 22nd, I found the smoke- 
coloured form of the moth about Chester (perfuscata), and, at 
Delamere, the form immanata, that is, with the central and basal 
portions of the wing black-brown and the intervening transverse band 
distinctly brown. All these and subsequent forms I look upon as the 
same species, differing only as to times of appearance (perfuscata, for 
example, appears twice in the season at Chester), difference in 
coloration and situations. To continue the list of ‘‘forms’’ I adopt 
for cabinet purposes I would cite comma-notata, with the upper wings 
centrally suffused with russet, and marmorata (brown markings only, 
on a whitish-grey ground), the latter leading closely up, in general 
appearance, to Cidaria suffumata. Before leaving my list of insects 
for the Lancaster district, I ought to mention a handsome form, 
hitherto entirely unheard of by me, of Gonopteryx rhamnt, which that 
veteran entomologist, Mr. G. Loxham, showed me—a male with the tips 
of the upper wings broadly and clearly marked off with orange-scarlet. 
Mr. Loxham informed me this was a very local race of the butterfly, 
and that all the specimens captured in the locality were not always so 
definitely orange-tipped. Here I would express my warmest thanks 
to Mr. Loxham and to Mr. C. H. Forsythe for the kindness and help 
they extended to me while at Lancaster. Among the many favours 
received at the hands of Mr. Forsythe was a good look at his fine 
collection. 

But my chief points of interest at Lancaster were, first, what was 
the form, there, of Aplecta nebulosa? and, secondly, the forms of 
Boarmia repandata and B. rhomboidaria? I found that a longitudinal 
line for the three species, drawn from South Wales, through Chester, 
on to Lancaster, and continued northwards, crossed the melanic 
centre in Cheshire, that north and south of Cheshire the moths 
became paler. Progressive melanism in these species appears to 
extend from this centre eastwardly. The same remarks apply to 
A. betul aria, black forms of which have been taken near Berlin, only 
that this melanie direction now occupies a band, or zone, which, in 
the case of A. betularia, appears to have covered the greater part 
of Britain within the last fifty years. 

In conclusion, I may refer to the abnormally hot weather of 1906 
from August 22nd till the end of the first week in September, con- 


ENTOM.—wmay, 1907. L 


114 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ferring upon August the distinction of being the hottest for twenty- 
two years. On September 1st the temperature in England was 
declared to be ‘‘ hotter than at the Azores.” It was too hot in the 
daytime for collecting, and I contented myself with searching for 
well-marked females of the butterfly L. icarus-alewis (last brood), in a 
well-known haunt—but about six o'clock, p.m., after the sun went 
down. ‘This was an easy matter, for the butterflies were at rest on 
withered grass and flower-heads, and, as in the case of L. @gon, all 
head downwards.—J. ARKLE ; Chester. 


SOCIETIES. 


EntomonocicaL Society or Lonpon. Wednesday, March 6th, 
1907.—Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, President, in the chair.—Mr. John C. 
Moulton, of The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts. ; Mr. W. Schmass- 
man, of 2, Kinnoul Villas, Freezywater, Waltham Cross; and Mr. 
R. J. Tillyard, B.A., The Grammar School, Sydney, New South 
Wales, were elected Fellows of the Society. — The President pro- 
posed the following resolution, seconded by Professor E. B. Poulton, 
D.Sc., F.R.S., &e.: “* That this Society, being informed that a proposal 
has been made that children in our schools be instructed to collect 
objects of Natural History for the purpose of exchanging them for 
similar objects collected by school-children in our Colonies, deprecates 
the adoption of any such system.’’ After a discussion, in which the 
destructive and fatal results to our national fauna of indiscriminate 
collecting by inexperienced persons was commented upon, the reso- 
lution was adopted unanimously.—Professor EK. B. Poulton, F.R.S., 
exhibited male specimens of the Danaine butterflies, Amawris egialea, 
Cram., and Limnas chrysippus, collected at Ibidan, near Lagos. The 
interest of the specimens lay in the fact that the scent-producing 
patch near the anal angle of the hind wing had been eaten out on both 
sides, although only a minute portion of any other part of the wing- 
surface had been attacked, the facts appearing thus to tell strongly 
against the view that specially protective (aposematic) substances are, 
as some have supposed, concentrated in the male scent-glands.—Dr. 
F.. Dixey, specimens of Teracolus achine, Cram., and Belenois severina, 
Cram., bred and captured at Salisbury, Mashonaland, by Mr. G. A. K. 
Marshall. The exhibit showed that in both species the appearance of 
the wet-season phase could be induced under artificial conditions in a 
brood that should normally have belonged to the dry-season form. The 
specimens of 5. severina also exemplified the effect of moisture alone 
as contrasted with moisture and heat.—Mr. Selwyn Image brought 
for exhibition an aberration of Odezia atrata, L., taken by Dr. G. B. 
Longstaff at Mortehoe, North Devon, on June 26th, 1906. The 
specimen differed very obviously from the ordinary form. The fore- 
wings were rather sharply angulated at the apex instead of rounded, 
and the colouring generally suggested a tendency to albinism.—Mr. W. 
J. Kaye exhibited a series of the genus Heliconius, arranged to illustrate 
Riffarth’s division of the group by a secondary sexual character, a result 
of this being the discovery that what had hitherto been regarded as a 


= 


SOCIETIES. 115 


single species consisted in reality of two.—Mr. W. E. Sharp showed 
a small collection of Coleoptera intended to illustrate the tendency of 
some species to micromorphism, and gave an account of the causes of 
which these small forms were the result.—Mr. H. St. John Donisthorpe 
also exhibited, in further illustration of this characteristic, a number 
of similarly stunted specimens.—Mr. Hamilton Druce, a case of 
butterflies illustrating the interesting Lycenid genus Mimacrea, 
including two groups, the one mimicking the Danaine butterflies, the 
other the Achreine.—The Rev. G. A. Crawshay, M.A., read a paper, 
illustrated by lantern slides, on ‘The Life History of Tetropium 
gabrieli, Weise’’; Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.8., read a paper, 
illustrated by several exhibits, on ‘‘ Some Teratological Specimens ”’ ; 
he also, with Mr. G. C. Champion, F.Z.8., communicated a paper on 
‘Entomology in North West Spain’; Mr. Robert Shelford, M.A., 
F'.L.8., a paper on ‘“‘ The Larva of Collyris emarginatus, Dej.”’; Mr. 
Malcolm Burr, B.A., F.L.S., “A Preliminary Revision of the Forficu- 
lide and Chelisochide ’”’; Mr. Hamilton H. Druce, F.Z.S., ‘‘ Descrip- 
tions of some New Butterflies from Tropical Africa’’; and Mr. Arthur 
M. Lea, F.E.S., ‘«A Catalogue of the Australian and Tasmanian 
Byrrhide, with Descriptions of New Species.” 


Wednesday, March 20th.—The President in the chair.—Dr. Ernest 
Edward Octavius Croft, of 28, Hyde Terrace, Leeds; Mr. Felix M. 
Dames, of Berlin, W.; Mr. Thomas Frank Partridge Hoar, of Quex 
Lodge, West End Lane, Hampstead, N.W.; Professor Dr. A. Jacobi, 
Director of Zoology and Anthropology in the Ethnographical Museum 
of Dresden; and Mr. Harold J. White, of 42, Nevern Square, Ken- 
-sington, S.W., were elected Fellows of the Society.—It was announced 
that the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., and Professor E. B. Poulton, D.Sc., 
M.A., F.R.S., would represent the Society at the forthcoming celebra- 
tions at Upsala and Stockholm.—Dr. I’. A. Dixey exhibited several 
species of Phrissura and Mylothris, illustrating the remarkable 
parallelism between different forms of the two genera, a correspon- 
dence believed by the exhibitor to have a mimetic significance, the 
mimicry being probably of the Mullerian kind.—The following papers 
were communicated :—‘‘ Studies in the Tetrigine (Orthoptera) in the 
Oxford Museum,” by Joseph L. Hancock, M.D., F.H.S.; ‘A List of 
the Coleoptera of the Maltese Islands,’’ by Malcolm Cameron, M.B., 
R.N., and Dr. A. Camara Gatto; “The Life History of Spindasis 
lohita, Horsf.,”’ by John C. Kershaw; ‘‘On the Egg Cases and Early 
Stages of some South-Chinese Cassidide,” by John C. Kershaw and 
Frederick Muir; ‘‘ A Life History of Tesseratoma papillosa, Thunb.,” 
by John C. Kershaw, with ‘“ Notes on the Stridulating Organ and Stink 
Glands,” by Frederick Muir; ‘‘ The Vinegar Fly (Drosophila funebris),” 
by Ernest K. Unwin, communicated by Professor L. C. Miall, F.R.S. ; 
‘*On the Structure and Life History of the Holly Fly,” by Professor 
Louis Compton Miall, F.R.S., and T. H. Taylor; ‘A Note on 
Xanthorrhoé ferrugata, Clerck, and the Mendelian Hypothesis,’ by 
Leonard Doncaster, M.A., F.E.S. 

Wednesday, April 10th.—The President in the chair.—Mr. Sydney 
R. Ashby, of 119, Greenvale Road, Eltham Park, Kent; Mr. Arthur 
Bulleid, F.S.A., of The Old Vicarage, Midsomer Norton, Somerset ; 


116 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Mr. Bernard H. D. Harrison, of Claremont, Ashleigh Road, Barnstaple ; 
and Mr. Charles Fielding Johnson, of Mayfield, Binnington Crescent, 
Stockport, were elected Fellows of the Society.—Dr. F. A. Dixey 
exhibited specimens of Pierinz belonging to the genera Teracolus and 
Huphina, The exhibit was intended to illustrate the fact that in 
species of which the wet-season phases were very distinct from 
each other, the corresponding dry-season phases often could only be 
discriminated with difficulty.—Mr. G. C. Champion showed, on behalf 
of Mr. J. Edwards, five forms of Osphya, together with certain other 
species occurring at the same time and place, and which, having 
regard to gait and appearance, resemble them more or less closely. It 
was not suggested that these resemblances are protective. Attention 
was also drawn to an important function of the hind legs of the male, 
namely, to secure him in position at the time of pairing.—Mr. H. J. 
Carter showed a microscopic slide, prepared to demonstrate that the 
antenne of the genus Trachiscelis have eleven joints, and not ten 
as hitherto described.—Mr. Kenneth J. Morton communicated a paper 
on ‘Odonata collected by Lt.-Colonel C. G. Nurse, chiefly in North- 
Western India.’’—-Mr. W. J. Kaye communicated a paper on ‘“ The 
Life History of Cydimon (Urania) leilus,”’ by Li. Guppy, Junior, 
which was followed by a discussion on the migration habits and 
classification of the species. Commander J. J. Walker said that he 
had met with it at Panama, where it was believed popularly that the 
insect made daily migrations from one side of the isthmus to the other. 
Mr. J. W. Tutt said that Mr. Guppy’s description of the egg at once 
determined that the species should not be included in the Geometrine. 
The details suggested that it belonged to the butterfly stirps. The 
President and other Fellows also joined in the discussion. — H. 
Rowxanp-Brown, Hon. Sec. 


THE Sout Lonpon Entomonoeicat AnD Naturat History Socrety.— 
Thursday, March 14th. Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the chair. 
—Mr. South exhibited the various named forms of Nonagria gemini- 
puncta.—Mr. Tonge, photographs of a female Hybernia marginaria and 
a male Phiyalia pedaria, both at rest on trunks, the former most 
inconspicuous, the latter very conspicuous; also the former insect set 
on the bark as taken. — Mr. Newman, bred series of Plusia bractea 
from Aberdeen, and an example from Fermanagh. — Mr. R. Adkin, 
series of Hadena protea from Rannoch and South England, the former 
specimens being much less green and much brighter. — Mr. Turner, 
the various named forms of Pararge mera from various Continental 
localities, and read a note on the directions which the variation takes 
in this species, pointing out an extreme form of var. adrasta taken by 
him in the Pyrenees.—Mr. Harrison, a series of the same species from 
Meiringen, including a very fine var. triops. — Mr. Turner, a number 
of species taken in Switzerland by Mr. Harrison in 1906, including 
Boletobta fuliginaria, Gnophos glaucinaria, G. pullata, Psodos quadrifaria, 
P. alpinata, &¢.— Dr. Chapman, living specimens of Thais polyaena 
from the South of France.—Mr. B. Adkin, specimens of the following 
species, being transition forms between the typical forms and the 
named varieties : Boarmia repandata, B. abietaria, Hupithecia venosata, 
and E. pulchellata. — Mr. Fremlin, a large number of specimens bred 


SOCIETIES. 117 


by him during a series of experiments to show the effects of physical 
and chemical agencies on pups, and read a paper giving a summary 
of the results obtained.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


Crry or Lonpon Enromonoeican Society. — March 5th, 1907.— 
Rey. C. R. N. Burrows exhibited Nemoria viridata, with microscopic 
slides of larva, ovum, and pupa, in illustration of his paper on 
the species.—Dr. T. A. Chapman, Leioptilus carphodactylus, a species 
new to the British list, received from Mr. Purdy, of Folkestone; also 
a dark specimen of L. tephradactylus, and Peronea cristana, vars. 
gumpiana and subcapucina; also a pupa of Hastula hyerana with 
mandibles of larval pattern.—Mr. J. A. Clarke, a series of Hmaturga 
atomaria, including many dark brown unicolorous forms.—Dr. G. G. 
C. Hodgson, Nemoria viridata, showing variation with regard to white 
lines on fore wings; one specimen showed only one line (= Linnean 
type), in another the lower end of outer line was bent outwards 
towards the anal angle, and in a third this line was markedly 
crenulate-—Mr. L. B. Prout, Nemoria porrinata (Zeller), from South 
Kurope, apparently indistinguishable from N. viridata, but said to be 
separable by brown spots on costa and brown fore legs.—Mr. P. H. 
Tautz, Diphthera orion bred from New Forest, including a specimen 
with brown marbling much accentuated and the green ground darker 
and duller than usual. 


March 19th.—Messrs. F. B. Cross, D. Langford, and K. Reid were 
elected Fellows of the Society.—Mr. A. Harrison exhibited a photo of 
two pupe of a large Tineid Binsitta (? sp.) from Upper Burmah, 
which showed a striking resemblance to the head of a small snake 
(Lycodon aalicus) common in Burmah; of two pupe received, one 
resembled in colour and marking the type, and the other a striking 
variety of the snake in question.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, a remarkable 
Nemoria viridata, lent for exhibition by Mr. Sidney Webb, with the 
cilia of all wings and the costal nervure of a deep green colour; also 
a larva of Krebia blandina, hibernated in captivity.—Mr. A. W. Mera, 
a living female Nyssia lapponaria.—Mr. L. B. Prout, Melanippe 
procellata var. inguinata, from India and Japan, and Mesoleuca casta, 
from Japan. 


April 2nd.—Mr. A. H. Shepherd was elected to membership.—Mr. 
W. J. Cox exhibited a coloured plate printed on paper which, while 
presenting the glazed surface of a hot-pressed paper, was said to be 
free of the perishable properties of the latter.—Mr. H. M. Hdelsten, 
larva and pupa of Lithosia muscerda, reared ab ovo in captivity.—Mr. 
J. H. L. Grosvenor, a long and variable series of Phigalia pilosaria 
from Reigate district, including a melanic male with a metallic green 
tinge on fore wings.—Mr. L. W. Newman, a bred series of Polygonia 
c-album from Monmouth; also a cocoon of Dicranura bicuspis, formed 
between two patches of lichen, the edges of which were drawn over 
the cocoon.—Mr. Newman reported that larve of Arctia caia were 
practically non-existent in localities in Kent where they were usually 
abundant ; the few larve found were unusually advanced, suggesting 
that the hot autumn had carried them past the usual stadium, and the 
majority had died during the winter in consequence. 


118 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Apri 16th.—Mr. A. W. Mera exhibited male and female Nyssia 
lapponaria, bred this spring—Mr. L. W. Newman, half-fed larve of 
Argynnis euphrosyne and larve of Argynnis aglaia and Dryas paphia, 
apparently in second instar. In continuation of his remarks at 
the previous meeting, Mr. Newman reported that at Sunderland 
larvee of Arctia caia were practically full-fed and very scarce, while 
at Nottingham, where they are abundant, they are exceptionally back- 
ward for the time of year.—In the course of a casual discussion 
re Orgyia gonostigma, Mr. Kdelsten mentioned that he had observed in 
the fens that in the spring most of the larve left the sallow bushes on 
which they had hibernated and fed up on various low plants.—S. J. 
Beuu, Hon. Sec. 


BirmincuHam Enromonocican Socrety.—March 18th, 1907.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair.—The Rev. CGC. F. 
Thornewill showed several interesting Lepidoptera: Ayrotis neglecta, 
Hb., from Burnt Wood, North Staffordshire, a specimen of the rare 
so-called yellow variety discovered there by Mr. F. C. Woodforde ; 
Cosmia paleacea, Hsp. (fulvago, Hb.), which emerged unlooked-for in 
his breeding-cage from a North Shropshire larva, and which he 
believed was new to the county; a fine variety of Helotropha 
leucostiyma, Hb. (jfibrosa), which was taken at sugar in his own 
orchard at Whitchurch, Salop, and had been illustrated by Barrett ; 
Ephyra pendularia, Cl., var. subroseata, from Burnt Wood; and 
Ortholitha cervinata, Schiff, a remarkable variety bred with others 
from North Shropshire.—Mr. G. H. Kenrick, a number of Pyralide 
which strongly resembled certain striking and very various Lepidoptera 
belonging to other families which he also exhibited; it certainly 
seemed a good case of either Batesian or Millerian mimicry.—Mr. J. T. 
Fountain, a very fine case, which he had made and filled with well- 
arranged insects with the idea of hanging it in Board Schools in 
order to interest the children in entomology.—Mr. G. T. Bethune- 
Baker, a long series of Lycena arion, L., from many localities, and 
pointed out how dark many of the Alpine specimens were, and that 
some Cornish ones were the brightest coloured of all.—Mr. A. H. 
Martineau read a letter from the Rev. HK. N. Bloomfield referring to his 
(Mr. Martineau’s) exhibit of Xestophanes potentille on November 19th 
last, and pointing out that he was not quite correct in saying that it 
occurred in Devonshire only, as he had taken it at Battle and near 
Guestling, Hastings.—Coxtsran J. Watnwricut, Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Transactions of the City of London Entomological and Natural History 
Society for the Year 1906. Published by the Society, London 
Institution, Finsbury Circus. Pp. 45. 


In the Presidential Address Mr. Mera remarks on the results 
obtained from a cross-pairing of Nyssia lapponaria female and N. zon- 
aria male. The disappearance of insect life from the neighbourhood 
of large towns is adverted to, and there are some exceedingly interest- 


RECENT LITERATURE. 119 


ing observations on that bygone entomological locality, Hammersmith 
Marshes. Mr. L. B. Prout contributes an important paper on ‘“ The 
Rheumaptera hastata group,” occupying twelve pages, from which we 
gather that the association of the British species so generally included 
under Melanippe is not in the least correct. Some of these species 
have to go in one genus and some in another, but the species tristata, 
alternata (sociata), &c., are referred to Kpirrhoé, Hiibn., and the only 
British species of Rheumaptera, Hibn., is hastata. The Kuropean 
luctuata, Schiff., which has been considered to be generically associated 
with Aastata, is here supposed to find its most probable allies in picata, 
Hiibn., amniculata, Hiibn. (unangulata, Haw.), &c., and should there- 
fore be placed in Huphyia, Hibn. ‘Three local races, and four aberra- 
tions of hastata are discussed. 

There is an excellent paper by Dr. Chapman on the ‘“ Differentia- 
tion of 7. tridens and T. psi in the Imaginal Stage.” Probably we 
have no other two Noctuid moths more difficult to distinguish in the 
perfect state than these two Acronyctids, consequently they are fre- 
quently mixed in collections. Of course in the larval state the diffe- 
rences are so obvious that separation is then quite simple. Dr. Chap- 
man affirms that there are many differences between the imagines of 
one species and the other, but at the same time he admits that there 
are no differences whatever. This means that to the practised eye 
certain peculiarities of form, colour, and marking are recognized as 
belonging to this or to that species ; but these distinctions are so subtle 
that they cannot be conveyed in a differential description. Until one 
has acquired the necessary experience, it seems to be advisable to 
admit only specimens reared from larve to one’s series of each species. 
However, where captured specimens happen to be males, correct 
identification may be assured by examination of the genitalia, and the 
author illustrates this point by two helpful plates, which by his 
courtesy, and the permission of the Society, we have here reproduced. 

Another paper of very great interest is that by Mr. Sich, entitled 
‘“Notes on the Micro-Lepidopterous Fauna of the London District 
Tineina,”’ 


Eleventh Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Minnesota for the 
Year, 1906., Pp: 87. 


Tuts is the Fifth Annual Report of the State Entomologist, Dr. 
F. L. Washburn. Among other matters of interest in this report is a 
chapter on the Cabbage Maggot and other pests, and accompanying 
this is a coloured plate, showing some of the enemies of the said 
maggot. An illustrated Entomological Calendar should be useful to 
farmers and fruit-growers. 


Butterflies of Hongkong and South-East China. By J. C. Kersuaw, 
F.E.S., F.Z.S. Parts iv. and vy. (London agent: KR. H. Porter.) 


Part iv., pp. 65-82, treats of the Lycenide, and pages 83-86 are 
occupied with General Notes. Plates viii. and ix. are also comprised in 
this instalment. Part v., pages 87-118, deals with the Pierine and 
Papilionine and is illustrated by Plates x.-xiil. Parts 1.-11i. of this 
work were referred to, ante, p. 48. 


120 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Transactions of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club for the 

Year 1906. Edited by Tuomas Suepparp, F.G.S. Vol iu. 

Part iv. Pp. i.-viii., 247-3138. Hull: Brown & Son, Lid., 1907. 

‘‘ Hymenoptera of the East Riding of Yorkshire.” By W. Deni- 

son Roebuck, F.L.8.; and ‘‘ Bygone Hull Naturalists. i111.—William 
Spence,” with portrait, are the chief entomological items. 


Christ’s Hospital, West Horsham, Natural History Society : Fourth 
Annual Report for the Year 1906. Pp. 34. 


We are pleased to see that entomology is in favour among the 
members of this Society. Since its inauguration in 1903 the lepido- 
pterists of the entomological section have been more and more active 
during each season. The number of species of Lepidoptera taken in 
1906 exeeds the total of the previous year by thirteen, and is sixty- 
nine species ahead of the tale of 1908. Among the more notable 
insects obtained last year were Deilephila livornica, ‘‘ found by W. P. 
Nason on June 6th in Thornton A Changing-room”’; Chwrocampa 
celerio, ‘* picked up by H. F. Clark, on the asphalte behind Coleridge, 
on October 16th”; and C. nerti, ‘found on September 6th, near 
Fulford’s, by a man who, while engaged in trimming a hedge, knocked 
it out and then ‘ put his foot on it to keep it quiet.’” Of Heliothis 
peltigera, ‘one specimen was found by Willey, in the Cloisters, on 
May 81st,’ and the captor of this species has also recorded an example 
of Acidalia rusticata, taken on July 27th; previous Sussex localities 
for this insect are Lewes and Brighton. 

There are four pilates, reproduced from photographs, and one of 
these illustrates the three Sphingid moths just mentioned. 


Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Part 2, Pp. 37-78. 
Honolulu, December 1st, 1906. 

Contains an account of the Proceedings at the six meetings held 
January 4th, 1906—June 7th, 1906, together with the Presidential 
Address and the following papers :—‘‘ A New Method of Relaxing and 
Cleaning Specimens,” by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins ; ‘“ Life-history Notes 
and Observations on Three Common Moths,” by Mr. O. H. Swezey ; 
‘‘ Notes on Hawaiian Wasps, with Descriptions of New Species,” by 
Mr. R. C. L. Perkins (abstract) ; ‘‘ Note on Tomocera,a Genus of Seale- 
bug Parasites, with Description of a New Species,” by Mr. R. C. L. 
Perkins. 

In bis address the President gave ‘‘an account of the endemic 
insects that are found on that part of the Honolulu Mountains known 
as Tantalus, and its adjacent slopes.” 

The three species of moths mentioned in Mr. Swezey’s paper are 
Plusia chalcites, Esp., Spodoptera (Caradrina) exiqgua, Hibn., and 
S. mauritia, Boisd. Referring to S. exigua, the author states: “ It is 
not nearly so common on these Islands as 8. mauritia. I have found 
it on only two occasions. The first was at Pahala, Hawaii, December 
5th, 1905. A large number of larve of all sizes were found feeding 
on castor-oil plants. Several batches of eggs were also found.” 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vout. XL.] JUNE.~ 1907: [No. 529. 


NEW AFRICAN ZYGANIDA. 
By Dr. K. Jorpan, F.E.S. 


1. Anomeotes triangularis, spec. nov. 


gf. Upper side of body black, thorax and base of abdomen partly 
tawny; under side yellow. Fore wing ovate-triangular, proximal half, 
except costal margin, tawny, rest black; four subcostals, the first con- 
nected with the costal, the other three stalked together ; upper angle of 
cell much produced, truncate. Hind wing small, triangular, semi- 
transparent like fore wing, black, costal margin, cell, and abdominal 
edge yellow. Under side more extended tawny yellow, the hind wing 
being entirely of this colour, except a distal marginal band of about 
2mm. width, narrowing almost to a point at anal angle. Length of 
fore wing 12 mm., of hind wing 7 mm. 


Hab. Sierra Leone. One male in the Tring Museum. 


2. Hpizygena procrioides xanthosoma, subsp. nov. 


3 @. Abdomen pale yellow, except base and tip. 

Hab. Uganda, British East Africa, Somaliland, and Abys- 
sinia. A series in the Tring Museum; also in the British 
Museum. 

3. Hpizygena microsticha, spec. nov. 


3. Body above green-black; sides of pronotum and of abdomen, 
a spot on the patagia, the spots of the fore wing, and the hind wing, 
yellow ; under side of tibize yellowish, of abdomen dark blue. Fore 
wing above pale dull blue, with darker edges; six small spots, two 
near base, the anterior one being elongate, one in middle of cell, one 
below cell, a fifth at apex of cell, and a sixth transverse, parallel with 
distal margin. Hind wing with narrow black distal border. Under 
side of fore wing yellow, the spots of upper side indicated, the costal 
and distal margins blue-black. Length of fore wing 9 mm. 


Hab. Grahamstown, Cape Colony. One male in the British 
Museum. 
ENTOM.—JUNE, 1907. M 


122 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


4, Epizygena lateralis, spec. nov. 

3. Body dark blue, sides of prothorax, the patagia, and the spots 
of the fore wing yellow; a row of confluent lateral spots on abdomen 
deep red; upper side of anterior femur and under side of anterior and 
median tibie and tarsi yellowish. Fore wing purplish blue, greenish 
blue at the apex ; five spots, the first large, rounded behind, reaching 
close to costal edge, second and third in middle, close together, the 
third being round, the fourth at apex of cell, also round, the fifth 
transverse, submarginal. Hind wing red, semi-transparent, costal 
edge yellow, distal edge very narrowly black, anal angle rounded ; 
distal margin more distinctly incurved than in the other species of 
Epizygena. length of fore wing 13 mm. 


Hab. Natal. One male in the British Museum. 


5. Saliunca difformis, spec. nov. 

3. Body greenish blue-black, a spot on the patagia and the sides 
of the abdomen dirty white ; the posterior abdominal segments slightly 
iridescent. Upper side of fore wing dark bronze-green, purplish from 
base to disc; a basal streak, a rounded or quadrate spot at apex of cell, 
and a more or less distinct spot between m’ and m®* dirty white. Hind 
wing purplish blue-black, like the fore wing slightly glossy ; usually a 
streak behind cell and another at abdominal margin transparent; a 
spot at apex of cell dirty white. Under side greener than upper, the 
white basal streak of fore wing longer, the base of the costal margin of 
fore wing and the base of hind wing from abdominal margin into cell 
also more or less dirty white. 

¢. Body greenish blue-black, without white markings. Wings 
also without white spots. Upper side purple-green, bronze-green at 
apex and distal margin, a little more glossy than in male ; fringe 
purple. Hind wing blackish blue. Under side uniformly bronze- 
green, slightly bluish, abdominal edge of fore wing and the fringe 
purplish. Cell of hind wing truncate in male and female, the cross- 
vein between costal and subcostal not being angulate. Length of fore 
wing 12 to 18 mm. 

Hab. Unyoro, and, in a slightly different form, also in British 
and German Hast Africa. The sexes have repeatedly been caught 
in copula. 

6. Saliunca assimilis, spec. nov. 

3 @. Sexes similar. Body bluish bronze-green, without white 
markings. Upper side of wings more glossy than in 8. difformis ; fore 
wing bronze-green, with white spot at apex of cell, the male bearing a 
second spot between the median veins. Hind wing green-blue. On 
under side both wings bronze-green, bluish towards base. Neuration 
as in S. difformis. 

Hab. Fort Johnstone, Nyassaland, January-February, 1896 
(Dr. Percy Rendall). A pair in the Tring Museum. 


7. Saliunca nitens, spec. nov. 


@. Upper side of thorax and fore wing glossy green, slightly 
bluish ; upper side of abdomen and hind wing purplish blue. Under 


NEW AFRICAN ZYGHENIDA. 123 


side of body green, of wings blue; apex and costal edge of fore wing 
glossy green. Fore wing with small white spot at apex of cell. 

Hab. Unyoro, and Mpwapwa, German East Africa. Two 
females in the Tring Museum. 


Perhaps only a geographical form of assimilis. 


8. Saliunca glennia, spec. nov. 

3 2. Body dark blue-green; abdomen of male ventrally at the 
sides with a row of white spots. Upper side of fore wing glossy 
bluish green, with white spot at apex of cell, the spot being minute in 
female. Hind wing dark bluish bronze-green, in male with small 
white spot at end of cell. Under side blue, the white spots rather 
larger than above. 


Hab. Salisbury, Mashonaland, December, 1900 (G. A. K. 
Marshall). In the British Museum a pair found in copula. 


9. Saliunca ventralis, spec. nov. 
3. Like S. styx, Fabr. (1775), but the under side of the abdomen 
creamy white, except the last segment. 


Hab. Entebbe, Uganda, September 7th (G. Degan). One 
male in the Tring Museum. 


10. Salunca mimetica, spec. nov. 

3 ¢. Superficially resembling Netrocera setioides, Feld. (1874). 
Body greenish black, head brownish; upper side of thorax, except a 
mesial stripe, and fore wing ochraceous. Distal margin of fore wing 
broadly black purplish, this band produced basad below cell. Hind 
wing black, yellowish grey in front. Under side like upper, but cell 
and costal margin of hind wing ochraceous. Apex of cell of hind wing 
angulate between c and sc’. 

Hab. Sapele, Niger (F. W. Sampson), one male in the 
British Museum ; a female from Upoto, Congo, in the Tring 
Museum. c 

11. Newrosymploca affinis, spec. nov. 

3 2%. Similar to caffra, L. (1758). Frons unicolorous; the red 
spots behind eye and on pro- and mesonotum much longer, transverse; 
palpi, legs, and under side of abdomen yellowish white, often reddish. 
Spots of fore wing as in caffra, usually edged with white. Hind wing 
of most specimens basally transparent. Anal tergite of male on each 
side with a long process, which is absent from caffra ; process of penis- 
sheath straight, only the extreme tip hooked, the process being crook- 
shaped in caffra. 

Hab. Knysna, Cape Colony, and Cape Town. A series in 
the Tring Museum. 


CHALCONYCLES, gen. nov. 

?. Near Metanycles, Butl. (1876). Antenna flabellate, being 
proximally dentate and distally pectinate. Palpi small; tibial spurs 
short, hind tibia with one pair. Neuration as in Metanycles, but the 

M 2 


194 _ THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


first and second subcostals of fore wing more proximal, and first and 
second radials of hind wing absent. 


12. Chalconycles vetulina, spec. nov. 
Upper side of body and fore wing glossy bluish green. Hind wing 
purplish blue, with a vitreous streak below cell, reaching from base to 
near distal edge. Under side blue. Length of fore wing 9 to 10 mm. 


Hab. Entebbe, Uganda, September, 1900 (Major Rattray). 
Two females in the Tring Museum. 


SALIUNCELLA, gen. Nov. 


g. Antenna pectinated, the last four or five segments dentate. 
Hind tibia with one pair of spurs. In fore wing second and third sub- 
costals, and again fourth and fifth, stalked together; the other veins 
from the cell; third radial from lower angle, second radial and first 
median close to angle, second median a short distance from first 
median. In hind wing all the veins from cell, subcostal distant from c, 
the anterior margin of cell between subcostal and the bar which con- 
nects cell with the costal vein longitudinal, slightly oblique; first 
radial near the subcostal, cross-vein between first and second radial 
deeply angulate, third radial from lower angle of cell, second radial 
and first median close to angle, second median distant from it. 


13. Saliuncella marshalli, spec. nov. 
Bluish black, thorax and costa of fore wing greenish; hind wing 
centrally sparsely scaled, semi-transparent. Wings bluish beneath at 
the edges, centrally paler greenish. Length of fore wing 6 mm. 


Hab. Malvern, Natal, March 25th, 1897 (G. A. K. Marshall). 
One male in the British Museum. 


MALAMBLIA, gen. nov. 

g. Antenna pectinate, gradually fining to a point, the last seg- 
ments being simple, the branches short, widest at the tips. Tongue 
long. Hind tibia with one pair of spurs. In fore wing all veins 
from cell, second subcostal proximal of angle of cell, third radial from 
lower angle, second radial and first median close to angle, second 
median distant from it, but less proximal than first subcostal. In 
hind wing subcostal distant from c, the cell-edge between them longi- 
tudinal, slightly oblique ; first radial near subcostal, cross-vein between 
first and second radials angulate, lower angle of cell truncate, second 
and third radials from angle, but separate, first median proximal of 
angle. 

Differs from Saliwnca in the antennal pectinations being 
shorter, the mid and hind tibial spurs longer, first and second 
subcostals of fore wing much more proximal, second median 
more distal, cell-edge of hind wing between costal and subcostal 
more longitudinal in direction and longer, not being distinctly 
ansulate, and in the second median of hind wing being more 
proximal. 


NEW AFRICAN ZYGHNIDA. 125 


14. Malamblia durbanica, spec. nov. 
Body and upper side of fore wing bluish black, without gloss ; hind 
wing and under side of both wings blackish brown, slightly purplish. 
Length of fore wing 84 mm. 


Hab. Durban, Natal. One male in the British Museum. 


15. Homophylotis leptis, spec. nov. 

3. Body above blue, beneath brown with a purplish sheen; along 
spot before apex of antenna white; eyes edged with grey, centre of 
frons, legs, and palpi luteous. Wings very narrow, purple-brown ; 
hind wing with a broad vitreous stripe below cell, extending from base 
to near distal margin. Under side of wings brown. Length of fore 
wings 8 to 9 mm. 


Hab. Pungo Andongo, Angola, April, 1875 (A. von Homeyer). 
Three males in the Tring Museum. 


16. Homophylotis catori, spec. nov. 

3. Upper side of body and fore wing blackish green ; hind wing 
with a very broad vitreous streak, extending from base close to distal 
margin, and from centre of cell to hind margin, the greenish black 
marginal band being widest at analangle. A spot before the somewhat 
incrassate apex of antenna, the frons, palpi, sides of breast, the under 
side of the abdomen, except a basal central spot and the last segment, 
and the under side of the femora, tibie, and of the first tarsal segment, 
yellow. Length of fore wing 8 mm. 


Hab.. Moyamba, Sierra Leone, February, 1903 (D. Cator). 
One male in the Tring Museum. 


POMPOSTOLINA, Subfam. nov. 

Ocelli absent. Mid and hind tibie incrassate, the latter in male 
with scent-organ situated in a dorsal groove, which bears proximally 
a tuft of very long hairs. In both wings, first radial from upper angle 
of cell and second radial from lower angle, first subcostal and second 
median far distant from proximal angle, first submedian absent. 


Type: Pompostola hyparchus, Cram. (1779). 


17. Arniocera pecila, spec. Nov. 

3%. Body dark bronze-green ; dorsal edge of patagia, upper side 
of abdomen, except first and second segments, the palpi, a lateral spot 
on prosternum, and a large spot on the mid and hind tibie, or only on 
the mid tibia, red. Upper side of fore wing bluish green, with yellow 
markings edged with black : a subbasal band, an interrupted or mesially 
constricted median band, an elongate subapical spot, and a small 
rounded spot situated near hind angle. Hind wing uniformly green- 
blue. Under side greenish blue, the two distal spots of fore wing and 
the costal portion of the median band distinct. 


Hab. Various places in Usoga, Kavirondo, Uganda, and 
British East Africa. A series in the Tring Museum ; also in 
British Museum. 


126 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


18. Arniocera amena, spec. nov. 

3 @. Head, palpi, a large patch on mid and hind tibie, and the 
upper side of abdomen, except the first segment and a row of black 
mesial dots, pinkish red ; under side of body bronze-green. Upper side 
of fore wing glossy pale green, with pale red black-edged markings, 
namely, a subbasal band, a complete or posteriorly interrupted median 
band, a costal subapical spot, and an elongate submarginal spot placed 
parallel with the distal margin. Hind wing pinkish red, distal margin 
and a discal band joining the same posteriorly being purplish black. 

Hab. Mpwapwa, German Kast Africa. A series in the Tring 
Museum, 

NErTRocERA, gen. nov. (ex Felder indescr.). 

?. Palpus porrect, second segment with long fringe. Club of 
antenna longer and more slender than in Arniocera, Hopff. Spurs of 
hind tibia longer. 

Here belong setioides, Feld. (1874), tiphys, Boisd. (1836), and 
the following new forms :— 


19. Netrocera setioides uganda, subsp. nov. 
Differs from setioides in the black marginal band of the fore wing 
being broader and very sharply defined, and in the abdomen being 
without any yellow scales at the sides. 


Hab. Entebbe, Uganda, June, 1900 (Capt. Rattray). One 
male in the Tring Museum ; a female from the same place in the 
British Museum (E. A. Minchin coll.). 


20. Netrocera tiphys basalis, subsp. nov. 

First and second abdominal segments yellow at the sides, the black 
distal marginal band of the fore wing not sharply defined above, its 
curved edge being washed out except at costal margin, the band ante- 
riorly two or three times as broad as posteriorly. 

Hab. Pungo Andongo, Angola, in February and March, 1875 
(A. von Homeyer). One male and three females in the Tring 
Museum. 

21. Netrocera tiphys diffints, subsp. nov. 

The first three abdominal segments yellow at the sides. The black 
distal marginal band with almost straight proximal edge, broad ante- 
riorly, entering apex of cell. 

Hab. Nguelo, Usambara; Monkey Bay, Nyassa, January, 
1896, and Fort Johnstone, January- February, 1896 (Dr. Percy 
Rendall). Three males in the Tring Museum. 


CALLIBAPTES, gen. Nov. 

3g. Palpus porrect, very long, being much longer than the fore 
tibia ; first and third segments short, second prolonged, without fringe. 
Antenna much thinner than in Netrocera and Arniocera. Fore tibia 
much shorter than fore tarsus; spurs long; femora not fringed 
beneath ; sc* and so® of fore wing on a long stalk, sc? and R! branching 
off close to this stalk, rn? and pr? on a short ‘stalk: in hind wing sc? and 
Rr’ stalked, rR? and r* from lower angle of cell. 


NEW AFRICAN ZYGHENIDZ. 127 


22. Callibaptes ornata, spec. nov. 


Body greenish black ; first and base of second segment of palpus, 
the head, except a large spot on frons and another on occiput, the sides 
of the pronotum, the patagia and a mesial stripe on metanotum, as 
well as the tips of the mid and hind cox, yellow; third to fifth abdo- 
minal segments above bright red ; under side of abdomen paler red, the 
last segment and a lateral line greenish black. Fore wing ochraceous 
yellow on upper side, with a broad green-black distal border, which is 
sharply incised at lower angle of cell; hind wing red, with a broad 
purple-blue distal border narrowing behind. Under side yellowish 
red from base to apex of cell, the distal area being purple-blue. Length 
of fore wing 15mm. 


Hab. Ogruga, Niger. One male in the Tring Museum. 


MELISOMIMAS, gen. nov. 


2. Palpus very short. Tongue vestigial. Antenna pectinated 
from base to apex. Legs with brushes of hair-scales; hind tibia with 
one pair of spurs. In fore wing third to fifth subcostals stalked 
together, r' from the upper angle of cell, rn? and r° from the lower ; cell 
of hind wing short, bar connecting c with cell long, oblique, subcostal 
and first radial on a long stalk, cross-vein deeply angulate, hind angle 
of cell produced, acuminate, third radial and first median on a short 
stalk. 


Type: Melisa grandis, Holl. (1898). 


23. Byblisia ochracea, spec. nov. 

@. Palpus as long as in latipes, Walk. (1864). Body blackish 
blue, a spot on frons and under side of head white; pronotum, pos- 
terior portion of mesonotum, the metanotum, upper side of abdomen, 
except the last three segments, sides of breast, and the mid and hind 
tibie yellow; tibial spurs, under side of hind femur, and the centre of 
the proximal abdominal sternites white. ings as in B. latipes, but 
the hyaline spots larger, especially the basal streak of the fore wing 
and the vitreous areas of the hind wing.. 


Hab. Warri, Niger, April, 1897 (Dr. F. Roth). One female 
in the Tring Museum. 


24, Byblisia caudata, spec. nov. 


$2. Third segment of palpus quite short ; abdomen in both sexes 
with two long apical tufts. Body blue-black ; palpus, except tip, pro- 
sternum, a spot on fore coxa, base of pronotum, apex of patagia, and 
four or five abdominal belts red; apex of first abdominal sternite, a 
spot on mid and hind tibiw, and the spurs white. Wings purple or 
bronze-black, with small white semi-transparent spots, namely, a 
double one proximally of middle of fore wing, another at apex of cell, 
and a third behind first median branch, on hind wing one near base, 
and a second at apex of cell. 


Hab. Mashonaland (H. B. Dobbie), one male in the British 
Museum. Lake Nyassa, one male and one female in the Hope 
Department of the Oxford Museum. 


128 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NOTES ON COLLECTING DURING 1906. 


By tHe Rev. W. G. Wurrrinanam. 


THoueH the advantages which a parson frequently possesses 
as an entomologist are obvious in the freedom with which he can 
in many cases arrange his hours of work, a town parson gener- 
ally has his hands far too full to allow of anything like systematic 
collecting. His expeditions are largely a matter of his settled 
holidays, with an occasional Monday or summer evening, and 
with a more constant eye to the possibilities of his own garden, 
if he is fortunate enough to possess one. Last year I spent ten 
days at the end of June and beginning of July in North Corn- 
wall, and a good deal of the month of August in Cumberland, 
apparently the only part of England wherein one read the daily 
report of glorious weather to the frequent accompaniment of 
drenching rain. I give some rather desultory notes of most of 
my captures. 

To deal first with the home insects in Leicester and neigh- 
bourhood—the mild January and February brought out the first 
spring Geometers very early; Phigalia pedaria and Hybernia 
rupicapraria were out in January, and a series of Lobophora 
polycommata, bred from Northamptonshire larve, commenced to 
emerge on February 26th, and were all out by March 17th. 
Dark forms of Hybernia marginaria were frequent, and were 
several times observed, with dusky suffusion in disk, dark hind 
marginal area, and uniformly dusky. Then came the long spell 
of cold weather which produced little or nothing for weeks. A 
Biston hirtaria (female), bred by a friend, laid a batch of eggs 
early in April, which hatched on May 29th and 30th, and 
resulted in considerably over three hundred and fifty larve, two- 
thirds of which were let loose on plum trees in the garden, 
where they were seen feeding week after week till August. 
Tephrosia crepuscularia was plentiful during May and early 
June, the fuscous form apparently rather in excess of the light 
form. ‘The earlier April race was not noticed, but this was per- 
haps due to the absence of opportunity for observation. 

In May Eupithecia abbreviata and Gelechia scalella were taken 
at rest in Charnwood Forest; the larve of Hupithecia debiliata 
and Phoxopteryx myrtillana, and Micropteryx aureatella were 
plentiful there. A single specimen of Mupithecia albipunctata 
emerged from a pupa, the larva of which was found feeding there 
on Angelica last year. 

At the end of May (80th and 81st) a visit to Northants pro- 
duced Carterocephalus palemon in small numbers, and Argynnis 
euphrosyne and Nemeobius lucina were only just appearing. 
Tephrosia punctularia and Zonosoma punctaria were almost the 
only Geometers seen. 


NOTES ON COLLECTING DURING 1906. 129 


The larve of Plusia moneta were discovered on both Aconitum 
and Delphinium in various parts of Leicester and the county. 
The insect seems to have established itself thoroughly as far 
north as this. On June 7th the larve of Xylophasia scolopacina 
were taken, still small and not numerous, though they fed up 
very rapidly. A morning in the Forest on June 12th produced 
Venilia maculata (few), and Hmmelesia albulata plentifully, and 
the larve of Nudaria mundana were crawling about the lichen on 
a stone wall. During this month the trees all over the Forest 
district were almost completely denuded of their leaves by larve, 
mostly Tortrix viridana and Hybernia defoliaria. Possibly the 
late season brought on the larve more quickly than the leaves 
grew. At all events, 1 never remember their ravages being so 
marked ; whole woods looked at a little distance as brown as in 
February. Happily they very soon succeeded in putting on a 
fresh growth of leaves. On June 22nd Bomolocha fontis was 
flying, and some eggs were obtained, the larve from which fed 
up and pupated at the end of August. Hepialus velleda, Eupi- 
thecia debiliata, and Penthina sauciana were obtained at the same 
time. 

In the middle of July worn specimens of Vanessa cardui were 
noticed in this county, and larve of Smerinthus ocellatus were 
brought to me from several gardens. This is evidently a common 
moth in the neighbourhood of Leicester. Sugaring was almost 
a complete failure during the summer in this neighbourhood, a 
single example of Orthosia suspecta being the only insect obtained 
by this means of any interest. A female Pericallia syringaria 
was netted in the garden on July 15th; she laid a few eggs, 
which duly hatched, and the larve hybernated successfully sleeved 
on ash, and are now feeding on privet. 

In September, Macroglossa stellatarum was noticed on two or 
three occasions in town gardens, and the following Vanessids 
were also seen: atalanta, cardui, io, and wrtice; but butterflies 
were certainly not plentiful in the late summer. The common 
late summer and autumn moths appeared in the garden, among 
them Polia flavicincta and Xanthia gilvago. The larve of Hy- 
bernia defoliaria and aurantiaria had been plentiful, but the 
emergences in the autumn were very few in proportion to the 
larve obtained, owing, perhaps, to the very dry summer. They 
were also late in emerging, the first awrantiaria appearing on 
November 11th, and the first defoliaria on November 14th. A 
fairly long series of Himera pennaria was also bred from a local 
female, including one male with the wings, especially the hind 
marginal area, suffused with rosy—a somewhat pronounced 
example of the coloration more usual in females. 

I had an unpleasant and, fortunately, quite exceptional expe- 
rience with some larve sleeved in the garden—Selenia lunaria 
almost full-fed, and large broods of Acidalia aversata and Abraxas 


130 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


grossulariata, which I hoped to bring through the winter on the 
chance of getting some varieties. Some nocturnal depredators 
in search of apples, assuming doubtless that the sleeves were 
protecting some peculiarly desirable fruit, took the lot, untying 
the sleeves at the further end, and stripping them off, leaves and 
all. The marauders were, let us hope, thoroughly sold when 
they examined the prize they had secured, and so far that was 
satisfactory ; but I confess, in spite of this sense of satisfaction, I 
regarded the stripped stems somewhat ruefully. Only on one 
other occasion that I can remember have my pursuits been 
interfered with in this way, and that was years ago, when I 
discovered a band of small boys in Epping Forest going round 
my sugar with a lantern, and picking off the moths with their 
fingers. As they were more or less of the London breed, to 
chase them round my circle (a fairly large one) was neither 
a& very congenial nor a very successful task, and to pack up 
one’s things and go seemed the more discreet part to take. 


(To be continued.) 


COLLECTING LEPIDOPTERA IN THE LAKE DISTRICT 
IN 1902, 1908, AND IN 1905, 1906. 


By A. H. Foster. 


Brine much interested in reading in the ‘Entomologist’ the 
experiences of Messrs. P. J. Barraud and A. EK. Gibbs while 
collecting in Cumberland (Entom. xl. p. 67, et seq.), I think 
perhaps the following notes of my own experiences of the Lepi- 
doptera of that district may be of interest for comparison. 

In 1902 1 went to Westmorland in the middle of July for a 
fortnight’s collecting, the object being to study the butterflies 
and moths in general, and to search for Hrebia epiphron in 
particular. 

Langdale Pikes seemed from all accounts to offer a likely 
field for investigation, and accordingly I put up at a wayside 
inn at Little Langdale village. I was accompanied by a friend 
who, though not himself a collector, was very keen to help me 
by catching everything he could. 

The weather was almost perfect the whole of our stay, and 
our attention was quickly turned to hunting for H. epiphron. 
We searched the sides and tops of the following mountains— 
Wetherlam, Great How, Coniston Old Man, Pike of Blisco, Fair- 
field, and Dollywaggon Pike, but without seeing the faintest trace 
of epiphron. Our next attention was turned to Langdale Pikes, 
where, after getting quite to the top and going down a little on 
the other (north) side, we found epiphron in the greatest pro- 


COLLECTING LEPIDOPTERA IN THE LAKE DISTRICT. 131 


fusion. The butterflies were found over an area extending from 
the top of the mountain, at the back of Harrison Stickle (the 
highest ‘‘ pike’’), northwards to the top of High White Stones, 
and westwards to the left as far as the track leading into 
Langstrath, known as Stake Pass. This area is a wide, dreary 
expanse of coarse grass, rushes, and bog, which slopes gently 
towards the head of Borrowdale. The whole of this area is 
above 2000 ft. high, and is exposed to the full force of the north 
and north-west gales and storms, and these storms are some of 
the worst it is possible to encounter. It is a remarkable fact 
that on the south side of Langdale Pikes, about three-quarters 
way up the mountain, there is an extensive grassy plateau, 
beautifully warm, and sheltered from all the strongest winds and 
rain; but, in spite of this, I have never found epiphron on this 
place, with the exception of one specimen, which, oddly enough, 
we took on the first day we ascended the mountain. This was 
the first specimen of this butterfly I ever saw alive, and was the 
only one taken on that day (because on that day we did not go 
high enough up to find others). I have been over this plateau 
at least twenty or thirty times since, but have never seen epiphron 
on it again. 

This butterfly is a most interesting insect; it never flies 
while the sun is not out, but however strong the wind or wet 
the grass, directly there is a gleam of sun, the butterflies appear 
in scores, and the whole place seems alive with little black dots 
moving about ; directly the sun goes in, the “‘ black dots”’ go in 
too, disappearing as if by magic; and so thoroughly do they 
‘“‘oo in” that it seems practically impossible to find a single 
Specimen in the grass, however diligent the search. 

We also found H. epiphron fairly abundantly on and near the 
top of Red Screes, overlooking the Kirkstone Pass; and in 1903 
I found it on the side (north-west) of Helvellyn, and on the top 
of Honister Crag, and on the top of Brandreth; in fact, on the 
tops of all the mountains which form the head of Knnerdale 
and Buttermere Valleys, viz. Fleetwith Pike (— Honister), Grey 
Knotts, Brandreth, Kirk Fell, and the back of Green Gable; but 
I could never find it on Great Gable nor, with the exception of 
one specimen, anywhere round Styehead ‘arn, nor between 
there and Esk Hause or Rossett Ghyll. I mention these places 
in detail because many of them are mentioned in Newman as 
localities for epiphron (Great Gable, Honister, Styehead Pass and 
Tarn, Langdale Pikes, and Red Screes). I do not know the 
experiences of other collectors as to localities for this species, 
and should very much like to hear some to compare with my 
own. I have very rarely found it at a less elevation than 
2.000 ft., and I cannot call to mind ever taking it on the south 
side of any mountain; the sides and tops of all those mountains 
above mentioned on which it was taken are all exposed to the 


132 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


north and north-west. I should particularly like to know if 
anyone has taken epiphron on any of the following mountains : 
Pillar, Steeple, The Sail Hills, High Stile, Red Pike (Butter- 
mere), Dale Head, Hindscarth, Robinson, Grassmoor, Skiddaw, 
Saddleback, or the Armboth Fells, or on any of the fells beyond 
Helvellyn which end in Great Dod. 

In looking for other insects besides that just referred to, 
Lingmoor Fell offered the most likely ground for search. This 
is the fell which divides Little and Great Langdale Valleys, and 
is almost entirely covered with heather. It is about 1400 ft. 
high at its highest point, and is the only heather-covered hill 
anywhere in the neighbourhood. Almost the first insect cap- 
tured on first ascending to the ‘‘ heather-region”’ was Plusia 
interrogationis. We did not investigate this fell until we had 
been there a week, and as we had taken enough E. epiphron, 
we turned our attention for almost the whole of the remaining 
week to hunting P. interrogationis and other insects over the 
heather. And truly it was a hunt: a blazing hot sun, heather 
run wild on stalks as thick as one’s arm and erowing four or 
five feet high, hiding rocks over which one stumbled at every 
other step; add to these difficulties the picture of two very 
energetic and very excited collectors running at full speed after 
little spots which seemed to flash about like lightning, and one 
has a true picture of those hunts after interrogationis. However, 
after many tumbles over rocks and into bogs and much scraping 
of shins, we managed to secure forty-eight specimens of the 
Plusia during the week. Next year (1903) we went a week 
earlier on purpose to try and get as many P. interrogationis as 
possible, but we never saw a single specimen, nor yet have I 
seen it in the two subsequent seasons in which I went there. 
In 1903 we met with quite a different lot of insects to those in 
the previous year, and were particularly engaged in chasing 
Lasiocampa (Bombyx) var. callune, the males of which were 
dashing about all over the heather; but they were very difficult 
to catch, because of the difficulties above enumerated. I turned 
my attention to finding a female, but could not do so until two 
days before we left, when, oddly enough, I found two on the 
sume afternoon. Up to this time our total captures of L. callune 
were something under a dozen, all males, but we succeeded in 
taking over fifty more in the two remaining days. It was only 
necessary to put a female on the front of one’s coat and then go 
and hunt for something else. If a male callune happened to 
dash by anywhere near, it would be certain to pull up short, 
and, after hovering round for a while, would settle on one’s coat, 
and be easily picked off. For the last week in 1902, and the 
whole fortnight in 1903, we were residing at Blea Tarn House, a 
farm on the edge of Blea Tarn, at the foot of Pike of Blisco on 
one side, and Lingmoor Fell on the other. From here we could 


LEPIDOPTERA-RHOPALOCERA IN MAURITIUS. 133 


work Langdale Pikes and other mountains for EH. epiphron, 
and Lingmoor was of very easy access for collecting over the 
heather. 


(To be continued). 


NOTES ON THE INCREASE IN NUMBERS OF LEPIDO- 
PTERA-RHOPALOCERA IN MAURITIUS. 


By Captain B. Tuxuocn, F.E.S. 


In England one has to deplore the fact that not only are local 
species of butterflies becoming still more local, and in some cases 
almost extinct, but also that many of the commoner species are 
gradually becoming scarce. This, of course, is due to many 
causes—as, for instance, the disappearance of forest lands, the 
drainage of fens, the trimming of hedges, and also to the in- 
satiable desire of many ‘‘ collectors” to obtain a long series of 
the same species. This desire for a series always seems to me 
to be one of the chief reasons why so many species of butterflies 
and moths are rapidly disappearing in Britain. In Mauritius, 
however, the very opposite is occurring, for not only are new 
species arriving by some means in the island, but even those 
species which do find a footing increase rapidly in numbers. 
Why this increase in numbers of a particular species should 
occur | will endeavour to show later on. 

In 1833 Boisduval enumerated twenty species of butterflies as 
inhabiting Mauritius, or, including one doubtful species, twenty- 
one in all. Roland Trimen visited the island in 1865, and dis- 
covered twenty-six species. I myself arrived at the island in 
March, 1899, and soon found three other species, all common, 
not noticed by Trimen, viz. Papilio demoleus, Zizera knysna, and 
Z. gaika. f 

I have just received a letter from Lieut.-Colonel N. Manders, 
R.A.M.C., who asks me whether I found Cocynissligneus, Zizera 
maha, and a species of Lycena not previously mentioned. He 
stated that these three were all common in parts of the island. 
As I worked Mauritius pretty thoroughly whilst I was in the 
island, and did not find the three species mentioned, I conclude 
that they are also of recent introduction. But the most extra- 
ordinary thing is the rapidity with which a species multiplies 
once it has been introduced into the island. Papilio demoleus 
did not exist in Mauritius in 1865, yet whilst I was there it was 
to be found everywhere. 

In the library at Port Louis I found a French natural history 
of Mauritius, in which mention is made of a white butterfly 
having been seen in the island, and the author, writing some- 
where about the beginning of the nineteenth century, wonders 


134 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


what kind of Callidryas it was. This was probably Catopsilia 
florella, stated by Trimen not to be common, but now swarming 
everywhere. Again, Trimen saw only one specimen of Danais 
chrysippus. This species is also now common everywhere. 

Of other species mentioned by Trimen, Atella phalanta is 
so numerous in certain places that I have caught two at a time 
in my net. Pyrameis cardui was not seen, but is now common. 
Neptis frobenia has increased in numbers, and so also must 
Hypolimnas misippus, since Trimen only saw one specimen of 
this butterfly. He also only found L. betica and L. telicanus, 
and what he thought was L. lysimon. I found L. betica, L. teli- 
canus, Z. gaika, and Z. knysna all common almost everywhere. 
So we find that in 1833 there were 21 species of butterflies 
observed in the island; in 1865, 26 species; in 1899, 28 or 29 
species; in 1907, 382 species at least are reported. How the 
butterflies arrive in Mauritius is a matter of conjecture. The 
nearest large expanse of land is Madagascar, 550 miles distant. 
Once, however, a species reaches the island various causes allow 
it to remain and multiply. One is the absence of ‘‘ collectors” 
to harry and decimate it. The extraordinary variety and luxuri- 
ance of the vegetation of the island permit the incoming insect 
to either at once find its natural food-plant or some allied one, 
which will do just as well. 

At Port Louis I found the larve of Daphnis nerti feeding on 
oleanders, and took them up to Curepipe, 1600 feet above sea- 
level, where no oleanders grow. The curator of the Curepipe 
Botanical Gardens, however, showed me an allied tree growing 
in the jungle, and on this the nerit larvee fed up readily. I sub- 
sequently found these larve on half a dozen different kinds of 
shrubs. The larve of Acherontia atropos feeds on at least a dozen 
different kinds of trees and plants all over the island; conse- 
quently it swarms in the island. Then, again, climatic conditions, 
and the varying temperature between Port Louis at sea-level 
and Curepipe at 1600 feet, allow a continuous succession of 
broods to be produced. I have often found eggs, larve of diffe- 
rent sizes, pup, and imagines of Papilio phorbanta on the same 
day. 

Yet another reason for the increase seems to be the want of 
ichneumon-flies and other parasites. I bred nearly all the 
Mauritius butterflies from larve, and also dozens of hawk-moths, 
including D. nerit and A. atropos, and I do not remember to have 
had a single caterpillar or pupa infested with ichneumons. 

Against these reasons for increase, however, should be placed 
the enormous damage that must be done to insect life by the 
violent cyclones that annually visit the island with more or less 
intensity. In December, 1900, whilst I was in the island, a very 
violent cyclone that lasted for three days arrived. So violent 
was the wind that all the leaves were torn off the trees, so that 


NEW AMERICAN BEES. 1385 


what had a short time before looked like an impenetrable jungle 
was, after the cyclone had passed, as bare of leaves as an English 
wood in mid-winter. There is also very heavy rain, as a rule, 
with these cyclones, and innumerable quantities of eggs, larve, 
and perfect insects must be destroyed by the wind and floods. 
Yet a month after the cyclone mentioned the vegetation had 
recovered itself, and there seemed to be as many butterflies as 
ever. Do butterflies know when a cyclone is coming, and take 
extra precautions to hide in safe spots ? 


Moor Lane, Strensall, York. 


NEW AMERICAN BEES.—III. 
By T.-D. A. CockERELL. 


Triepeolus bankst, sp. nov. 


*g. Length about 94 mm., anterior wing 74; black, with the 
pubescence pale cinereous (not yellowish); head and thorax extremely 
densely punctured ; labrum, antenne, and mandibles entirely black; 
maxillary palpi three-jointed, but the basal joint small and easily over- 
looked ; face covered with appressed silvery-white hair; thorax short 
and very high; scutellum dull and coarsely rugose, feebly or quite 
strongly bilobed; the lateral teeth black, fairly large and stout, but not 
surpassing scutellum ; pleura hairy, the lower part more nude, densely 
punctured, with a shining spot posteriorly ; markings of thorax above 
much as usual, but instead of a pair of lines on the mesothorax ante- 
riorly, there are two large suffused flame-like areas of pale hair, more 
or less confluent with the pale hair of the lateral corners; tegule dark 
reddish ; wings rather dusky, quite strongly so on apical margin; legs 
black, the tarsi, especially the small joints, becoming pale reddish ; 
spurs brown or reddish ; abdominal bands greyish white ; first segment 
with the black area a broad transverse band, squared off at the sides ; 
the apical bands on segments one to three, and the others sometimes, 
interrupted in the middle, the bands on two and three somewhat club- 
shaped on each side ; the band on two has a squarish anterior projec- 
tion at the sides, which forms with the band a right angle or somewhat 
less ; second and third ventral segments with a broad apical band of 
white hair; second segment also with the middle covered with white 
hair (except sometimes a central spot), but the sides (separated from 
the light by a straight line, and constituting about one-fourth on either 
side) dark; outstanding fringe of fourth and fifth ventral segments 
mainly black. Runs in tables of Triepeolus to T’. donatus, Smith, of 
which it looks like a small form. It is, however, clearly distinct; the 
basal band of the first abdominal segment is perfectly entire (divided 
in donatus), the thorax beneath is densely white-haired (black aud nude 
in donatus), the ornamentation of the mesothorax is different (donatus 
having distinct stripes), and the eyes are dark coffee-brown (light 
green in donatus). 


136 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Hab. Falls Church, Virginia, August 26th and September 
7th (Nathan Banks). ‘7’. donatus I have from Ames, Iowa. 

From the descriptions this may seem somewhat like T. 
wyomingensis, Ckll., but that has the pattern of the first abdo- 
minal segment entirely different; and the colour of the light 
bands of banksz, when placed beside wyomingensis, appears quite 
different—a sort of pale bluish by contrast. 


Epeolus semilectus, sp. nov. 


3g. Length about 9 mm.; black, shining; vertex, mesothorax, 
scutellum, and pleura with very large irregularly-placed punctures on 
a shining surface, the punctures dense in places, in others sparse ; face 
with silver-white hair; labrum black, mandibles red in middle ; second 
antennal joint red beneath, and scape red at extreme base; light 
markings white, not noticeably yellowish (but not bluish); mesothorax 
with two rather inconspicuous stripes; middle of ventral surface of 
abdomen densely covered with white hair ; scutellum strongly bilobed, 
the axillar teeth sharp, but not surpassing it; tegule apricot-colour ; 
wings with the basal half hyaline, the apical half strongly rufo-fuscous ; 
legs red, but the trochanters, and the hind femora and tibiew, mainly 
black, the hind knees broadly red, however ; spurs on hind legs brown, 
on middle ferruginous; abdomen shining, with the punctures small 
and feeble; the light bands on apices of segments very narrow, that on 
the first broadly interrupted ; transverse black area on first segment as 
broad as possible, ending obtusely and rather suffusedly very near 
lateral margins; extreme hind margins of segments, especially the 
apical ones, brownish ; basal part of apical segments brownish ; apical 
plate broad ; ventral segments two and three with narrow white hair- 
bands. Close to H. lectus, Cresson, but abdomen not strongly punc- 
tured, haif of wings darkened, and band on apex of first abdominal 
segment broadly interrupted. Still closer to H. lectoides, Robertson, 
but only one band interrupted. It may perhaps be a geographical race 
of lectoides, which is known at present from Illinois. 


Hab. Falls Church, Virginia, July 4th (Nathan Banks). 


Hpeolus vernonte, sp. nov. 


3g. Length 74mm. or a little less; vertex, mesothorax, scutellum, 
and pleura coarsely rugose; colour black, including scutellum, but 
tubercles and axillar teeth bright ferruginous red; clypeus very minutely 
and densely punctured; face with much silvery hair, slightly stained 
with yellowish about base of antenne ; labrum black, with two little 
ridges on its lower half in the middle; mandibles ferruginous, simple ; 
antenne brown-black; pubescence of thorax and abdomen above, 
forming the light markings, pale ochreous; mesothorax with two 
lines, not very conspicuous; scutellum emarginate in middle; axillar 
teeth large, conspicuously surpassing scutellum ; pleura crossed by a 
rather indefinite band of light hair; tegul@ bright apricot-colour ; wings 
dusky hyaline, the apical margin broadly much darker ; stigma amber- 
colour, nervures fuscous; legs red; middle femora with a blackish 
shade beneath, hind femora mainly black beneath and behind; spurs 
black; abdomen broad and convex, with fairly broad entire bands on all 


NEW AMERICAN BEES. 137 


the segments ; black area on first segment a very broad band, almost 
dividing the light laterally ; extreme hind margins of the apical seg- 
ments light brownish; apical plate broad, its apical half red; hind 
margins of ventral segments broadly pale brown, those of the second 
and third with a thin covering of white hair. In Robertson’s table in 
‘Canadian Entomologist,’ October, 1903, this runs nearest to EH. 
pusillus, but differs in the scutellum, which does not nearly equal the 
lateral teeth, and in the partly black legs. According to Brues, 
pusillus has the teeth at the sides of the scutellum red, as in vernonia ; 
but Cresson makes no mention of this, and it seems unlikely that he 
would overlook such a conspicuous character. Cresson also describes 
the abdominal bands of pusillus as cinereous, whereas in vernonia they 
are very strongly yellow. The antenne of pusillus are said to be red 
basally ; in vernonia they are black, only the extreme base of the scape 
showing a little reddish. With all this, vernoni@ may be a race of 
pusillus, but in the absence of any proof I leave it as distinct. 


Hab. Falls Church, Virginia, September 4th, at ironweed 

(Nathan Banks). 
Epeolus virginiensis, sp. nov. 

3g. Length 9 mm. or a little less. A small species similar to 
vernonia, but differing as follows: Eyes light green (light reddish in 
vernonia); mandibles darker, the basal half black, the apical dark 
reddish ; thorax smaller ; stripes of mesothorax connecting with bands 
which run along the anterior margin and curve back to the tegule (no 
such bands in vernonia); tubercles and awillar spines black, the latter 
very much smaller, not nearly reaching the level of end of scutellum ; 
pleura thinly overspread with hair, except just below the wings ; tegule 
piceous, a little reddish behind; wings dusky, the apical margin not 
contrasting, stigma rufo-fuscous; all the femora black, except the 
knees; anterior tibie black, except at ends; middle and hind tibix 
red, the latter with a dusky shade in front; abdomen somewhat nar- 
rower, the bands perhaps not quite so yellow; band on apex of first 
segment interrupted, and that on apex of second with a linear inter- 
ruption; apical plate only about half as broad. The mandibles are 
simple, and the spurs are black. ; 


Hab. Falls Church, Virginia, September 7th (Nathan Banks). 


At Glencarlyn, Virginia, September 6th, Mr. Banks took 
E. autumnalis, Rob. ; new to Virginia. 


Panurginus virginicus, sp. Nov. 

3. Length about 5 mm.; black, with the general stature and 
appearance of P. pauper (Cresson), but easily distinguished by the 
lemon-yellow face markings, and especially by the large quadrate 
head, with the face very wide. Clypeus, lateral face-marks, labrum, 
mandibles (except the ferruginous tips), all yellow; but no supra- 
clypeal mark. Lateral marks pyriform, not extending above level of 
clypeus, the point directed toward the malar region; clypeus well 
punctured all over; flagellum long, testaceous beneath except at apex 
and extreme base; mesothorax nude, very minutely and closely punc- 
tured, the median groove strong; tubercles and tegulx testaceous ; 


ENTOM.—JUNE, 1907. . N 


138 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


wings smoky, especially the apical half, very strongly iridescent ; 
nervures dark fuscous; second r. n. meeting second t.c.; first r.n. 
joining second s. m. not quite one-fourth from base; legs black, with 
anterior tibiz in front, all the knees, apices of middle and hind tibia, 
and all the tarsi, pale ferruginous; abdomen shining, the punctures 
exceedingly minute. 


Hab. Falls Church, Virginia, June 4th (Nathan Banks). 
Mr. Banks has also taken P. pauper (Cresson) and P. illino- 
ensis (Cresson) at Falls Church in June. 


University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado: 
March 19th, 1907. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


ACRONYCTA TRIDENS AND Ps1.—With regard to the note on page 119 
on the differentiation of these insects, is it not the fact that the 
females can be distinguished by the colour of the hind wings, which 
in tridens are grey, and in psi white? It is so at least in my series, 
all of which are bred; but if Iam wrong in this, I shall be glad to 
be corrected.—(Rev.) W. Cuaxron; Navestock Vicarage, Romford. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


Haesus rapiatus.—Mr. A. Sich was kind enough to give me a 
specimen of this caddis-fly, taken at Chiswick on October 4th, 1908. 
The record is of interest on account of the encroachment of bricks and 
mortar over the neighbourhood.—W. J. Lucas; 28, Knights Park, 
Kingston-on-Thames, May 138th, 1907. 


Vanessa carpu1.—On May 11th numbers were seen at Oxshott. 
They were flying strongly, and usually more or less with the wind, 
from a south-westerly direction. None were seen to settle, nor could 
a capture be made. They gave one the impression that they formed 
part of a migration.—W. J. Lucas; 28, Knights Park, Kingston-on- 
Thames, May 13th, 1907. 


Cyaniris arGiIoLUS IN Norta-west Lonpon.—I should like to record 
the fact that I saw a specimen of C. argiolus, L., in the garden here, 
to-day. It was flying in the bright sunshine, and appeared in fine 
condition, probably having just emerged. It has been observed here 
in May and July most years since 1899, and seems to have become 
firmly established. It is the only “blue” we ever see here.— 
Hamiuton H. Drucze; The Beeches, Circus Road, St. John’s Wood, 
London, N.W., May 11th, 1907. 


Scarcity or Larva in Sxason 1907.—I notice in the reports of 
the City of London Entomological Society in the May ‘Entomologist’ 
that Mr. L. W. Newman comments on the scarcity of the larve of 


SOCIETIES. 139 


_ Arctia caia this season. I can quite confirm his report, at all events 
as regards this neighbourhood. For several seasons past I have 
reared considerable numbers of Odonestis potatoria, Lasiocampa quercus, 
Aretia villica, and A. caia, with a view of obtaining varieties. I may 
mention that I have been fairly successful in this respect, this being 
specially the case with A. caia and O. potatoria. I would also point out 
that it has been my invariable custom to turn loose all type-specimens 
in the haunts where I find the larve, so that the scarcity of both, last 
season and this, cannot be put down to over-collecting as far as I 
am concerned. For instance, last season, rearing over one hundred 
A. catia, I only set eleven, all the rest being turned loose. Probably 
the numbers of these four lots of larve obtained, and a few comments, 
may be of interest. Odonestis potatoria.—In 1902 I took one hundred 
and twenty-three larve; in 1903, one hundred and seventy-one; in 
1904, sixty-three ; in 1905, sixty-seven; in 1906, ninteen; and this 
year, to date, only three. Arctia villica.—In 1902, forty-nine larve ; 
in 1903, one hundred and six; in 1904, twenty-five; in 1905, fifty- 
one; in 1906, none; and this season, twelve. Last season these 
larvee seemed quite extinct, yet they could not have been, as my son 
took six imagines. This year it seems to be appearing again, as we 
have taken twelve, as mentioned above, all of which have fed up 
well and have now pupated. Lasiocampa quercus.—In 1902, one hundred 
and sixty larve; in 1908, one hundred and six; in 1904, seventeen ; 
in 1905, ten; in 1906, one; and this year, to date, one. This 
Species was very abundant in the seasons 1902-8, but, though feed- 
ing up well and spinning up apparently healthily, very few of the 
larve pupated, but died in the cocoons. One or two correspondents, 
to whom I sent a few larve, confirmed my observations in this 
respect. Since 1903 L. quercus has been very scarce around here. 
Arctia cata.—In 1902, ninety-five larve; in 1908, two hundred and 
ninety-eight ; in 1904, three hundred and seventy-four; in 1905, 
five hundred and thirty-one ; in 1906, one hundred and seventeen ; 
and this year sixty-four. In 1902 I bred some very nice varieties, 
nearly all dark; and in 1903, four specimens with lemon-yellow under 
wings, and another with a broad white line right across the thorax. 
Since then there has been nothing very special. The larve this 
Season are all doing well and look healthy. To turn to another 
matter—my son took a nice specimen of Smerinthus ocellatus on a lamp 
to-day; is not this rather early for this insect ?—H. Huvueaains; 
13, Clarence Place, Gravesend, May 16th, 1907. 


SOCIETIES. 


Enromonocicat Society or Lonpon.—Wednesday, May 1st, 1907.— 
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, President, in the chair.—M. Alexandre Bonnet, 
of 386bis, Boulevard Bineau, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Seine, France; Mr. 
Henry Murray Giles, of Perth, Western Australia; Mr. Arthur Leslie 
Raywood, of Colebrooke, Park Lane, Wallington, Surrey; and Mr. 
Yeend Duer, of Tokyo, Japan, were elected Fellows of the Society.— 
The decease was announced of the Rev. William Henry Heale, M.A.— 


140 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited a small collection of Coleoptera, made by 
him in Iceland in July, 1906, comprising thirty-nine species, of which 
some were previously unrecorded as inhabiting that island. He also 
drew attention to the affinity between the beetle fauna of Iceland and 
of Scotland, only one of those taken, Colymbetes grenlandicus, Aubé, 
not occurring in both countries.—Mr. J. A. Clark brought for exhibi- 
tion living larve of Otiorrhynchus sulcatus feeding on the roots of 
ferns.—Commander J. J. Walker showed living specimens of Oxythyrea 
stictica, L., E:picometis hirtella, L., and Anthavia parallela, taken by Dr. 
T. A. Chapman at St. Maxime, Var, S. France.—Dr. F. A. Dixey 
exhibited specimens of seven different forms of the variable female of 
Leuceronia argia, Fabr., showing that each form stood in mimetic 
relation with a separate model.—The President, some Coleoptera 
collected in Pahang by Mr. H. C. Robinson and recently received at 
the Museum. The series contained some interesting cases of mimicry 
between beetles of widely separated groups.—Dr. G. B. Longstaff, 
living specimens of the Hlaterid Pyrophorus noctilucus, Linn., brought 
from Trinidad by Dr. F. L. J. M. de Verteuil, R.N.—Mr. H. St. J. 
Donisthorpe, on behalf of Prof. T. Hudson Beare and himself, 
specimens of Quedius riparius, Kell., and Trypodendron quercus, Hich., 
taken by them at Porlock, Somersetshire, on April 16th and 17th; 
also Hydrovatus clypealis, Shp., taken on April 14th at Worle, near 
Weston-super-Mare.— Mr. Donisthorpe also showed the larva and 
pupa of a Dipteron of the genus Microdon, taken in a nest of Formica 
fusca at Porlock last month. A number of larve were taken, and one 
of the nests in which they occurred.—Mr. R. Shelford exhibited a 
specimen of the curious Orthopterous insect Hemimerus talpoides, Walk., 
from Portuguese Guinea, and read a note on ‘‘A Case of Homeotic 
Variation in a Cockroach.”—H. Rownanp-Brown, Hon. Sec. 


THE Sours Lonpon Ewromonoercan anp Natura History Sociery.— 
March 28th.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.§S., President, in the chair.— Mr. 
Main exhibited specimens of the mole flea Hystricopsylla talpa. On 
behalf of Mr. Alderson, specimens of Musca domestica, bred from 
maggots expelled from the intestines of a child. This was said to be 
the first time that the species had been properly identified, although 
similar occurrences had been previously reported.—Mr. Adkin, several 
series of Anchocelis rufina from various localities, those from Rannoch 
being the most richly coloured.—Mr. Montgomery reported Pieris napi 
as flying in mid-March.—Mr. Newman, P. napi, P. rapa, and Vanessa 
atalanta, as being common in South Devonshire. 

April 11th.—The President in the chair.—Mr. Lucas exhibited the 
rare Kntomostrican, Chirocephalus diaphanus, found in water in cart- 
ruts at Claygate.—Mr. South, preserved larve at different instars of 
Gastropacha quercifolia and Kpicnaptera ilicifolia, and discussed the 
orange markings present on the second and third segments; also a 
cocoon of the latter species and of Lelia cenosa.—Mr. Tonge, photo- 
graphs of the cocoons of Dicranura bicuspis among lichen and of a 
larva of Charawxes jasius, showing the peculiar conformation of the 
head.—Mr. West, the rare Coleopteron, Oaylamus variolosus, from 
Darenth Wood, in August, 1908. The species is rare on the Con- 
tinent.—Mr. Newman, a long bred series of Polygonia c-album, repre- 


SOCIETIES. 141 


sentative of some seven hundred, showing but trivial variation.—Mr. 
B. Adkin, a bandless form of Anaitis plagiata, a Hupithecia pumilata 
with only two transverse lines, with nice forms of Camptogramma 
hilineata, and other species.—Mr. Kaye, a bred series of Daphnis nerii 
from Dalmatian—Mr. Adkin, a series of Cymatophora duplaris from 
Rannoch, and contributed notes on the two very distinct forms. Mr. 
Adkin made some remarks upon insects attacked by verdigris, and a 
discussion ensued, Messrs. Montgomery, Kaye, South, and others 
taking part.—Mr. Turner, the butterfly-like moth Synemon parthen- 
oides, the sexually very dimorphic Heteronympha merope, and other 
insects from West Australia.—Mr. Rayward read notes on the curious 
relations he had observed between ants (Hormica flava) and the larve 
of Polyommatus icarus, and gave details of his experiments. 

April 25th.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.8., President, in the chair.—Mr. 
Newman exhibited a branch of birch, upon the twigs of which were 
about a thousand ova of Dimorpha versicolor, laid by females sleeved 
around it.—Mr. Main, some small scorpions, the larva of a Mantis, 
and an example of the large Acridium e@gypticum, all living, and sent 
him from Hyéres by Dr. Chapman.—Mr. Sich, the ova of Lithocolletis 
concomitella. a species closely allied to the more common L. pomifoliella. 
—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENTomoLocicaL Society. — This, the 
concluding meeting of the session, was held at the Royal Institution, 
Colquit Street, Liverpool, on April 15th, 1907.—Mr. W. Mansbridge, 
F.E.S., Vice-President, in the chair.—Mr. Robert Newstead, F.L.S., 
F.K.S., lecturer on economic entomology and parasitology at the Liver- 
pool University, delivered a lecture upon the Tse-tse flies (Stomoays) 
and the Glossine, the latter being the insects which produce sleeping 
sickness. The lecturer described the life-history and development of 
these most interesting flies, giving particulars of their habits and dis- 
tribution, as well as the structural characters available for classifica- 
tion. The life-history of Stomoxys remained unknown until worked 
out by the lecturer, partly upon captive specimens, verified by his dis- 
covery at Rossett, last year, of the fly in-every stage. The flies were 
found laying their eggs upon heating grass mowings, and feeding upon 
the warm decomposing grass were embryos in all stages of develop- 
ment. The mouth parts, which form the biting organ, were very fully 
described by Mr. Newstead, and illustrated by blackboard drawings 
and microscopic preparations of these—in many respects—remarkable 
flies. Specimens of eight out of nine known species of the Glossinz 
were exhibited by the lecturer, together with preserved larve and 
pup, which had not previously been seen in public, the whole 
showing in a remarkable way Mr. Newstead’s great powers of observa- 
tion and patience in working out the minute details of these previously 
little known life-histories.—Mr. Joseph Collins, of Oxford, sent for 
exhibition a box of Coleoptera and Diptera taken from moles’ nests in 
the vicinity of Oxford, and contributed notes. Working on lines sug- 
gested by the researches of Dr. Joy, of Reading, Mr. Collins found 
the following species, all of which were shown, viz., Quedius vexans, 
common; . longicornis, a short series, much rarer than vewans ; 
Aleochara spadicea, fairly common; 4. succicola, Heterothops nigra, 


142 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


common ; Oxypoda spectabilis, not common; O. metatarsalis, in two 
localities, a nice series; Homalota paradoawa; Oxytelus fairmairii; O. 
sculpturatus ; Medon castaneus; M. propinqua. Diptera: Hystricho- 
psylla talp@, the mole fleaa—Mr. W. A. Tyerman exhibited a long bred 
series of T'@niocampa gothica, which had fed on lilac; and preserved 
larvee of Odontopora bidentata, showing protective resemblance to the 
lichen commonly found on birch-bark.—Mr. Oscar Whittaker living 
examples of Plea minutissima.—H. R. Sweetine and Wm. Manssripge, 
Hon. Secs. 


BirmincHam Ewnromonocican Socrety.— April 15th, 1907.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair.—Mr. E. C. Rossiter 
showed Teeniocampe, bred from dug pupe from Wyre Forest; amongst 
them were specimens of 7’. incerta which approached J’. stabilis so 
nearly that he was uncertain to which species to assign them.—Mr. 
Hubert Langley, various Lepidoptera from the neighbourhood of 
Leamington, including Sarrothripus revayana, Sc., taken on sallow 
bloom and new to Warwickshire, and dark forms of Hybernia mar- 
ginaria, Bork., female, H. leucophearia, Schiff, and Chimabache fagella, 
F.—Mr. J. T. Fountain, a large number of Lepidoptera taken already 
this year, including live Biston strataria, Hufn., taken that day at 
Sutton, Panolis griseovariegata, fine specimens from Sutton, Vanessa 
polychloros and Polygonia c-album from Wye Valley, &c. He remarked 
on the extraordinary resemblance of the Panolis to bits of fir cone 
with which the ground was plentifully bestrewn by birds or squirrels, 
and amongst which they were taken.—Mr. L. Doncaster, the specimens 
of Angerona prunaria, L., reared by him in the course of his breeding 
experiments upon the species, the results of which he explained.— 
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, a series of the magnificent butterflies 
belonging to the Morphine, genus Tenaris, from New Guinea.—Mr. 
C. J. Wainwright, Lepidoptera taken by Mr. W. H. Hardaleer, in- 
cluding Noctua castanea (neglecta) from Sutton, Hadena_ trifolit 
(chenopodii) from Handsworth, &e.—Mr. G. H. Kenrick remarked that 
the castanea were neither of the Southern grey form nor the Northern 
reddish form, but of an intermediate brownish colour, and that he had 
taken similar specimens at Wyre Forest.—Coutpran J. WAINWRIGHT, 
Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


A Natural History of the British Alucitides: a Teat-Book for Students 
and Collectors. By J. W. Turt, F.E.S. Vol. i. [vol. v. Nat. 
Hist. Brit. Lep.], pp. i—xiii, 1-558. London: Elliot Stock. 
Berlin: Friedlander & Sohn. 1906. 


To anyone who has hitherto regarded the ‘‘Plumes” as a number 
of closely-allied species, differing principally among themselves in 
colour and markings, vol. v. of Mr. Tutt’s ‘British Lepidoptera’ 
will come as nothing less than a revolution with all its horrors. To 
the earnest student, however, who, though unacquainted with all the 
minutie of the structure and of the life-histories of the different 
species, has yet become cognisant of the really wide separation which 


RECENT LITERATURE. 1438 


exists between many species which authors haye hitherto lumped 
muethen in the same genus, this book will be a revelation and a 
elicht, 

The author divides the Plumes or Alucitids into two superfamilies, 
the Agdistides and the Alucitides, the former containing—as far as 
Britain is concerned—only one species, Adactylus bennetii, while the 
latter includes all our other Plumes (except Orneodes, which is not an 
Alucitid at all). The Alucitides are again divided into two families, 
the Platyptiliide and the Alucitide. This division is a very natural 
one, and the characters marking these two families are apparent in the 
ovum, larva, pupa, and imago. 

It is true the present volume only deals with the Agdistides and 
the first family of the Alucitides, some twenty species; but if we have 
such a detailed account of these species in volume v., we may hope for 
an equally good account of the remainder subsequently. As the 
author rightly points out, Zeller and O. Hofmann are the authorities 
on which the student of the Palearctic Alucitids places most reliance. 
The former seems to have had an unerring inspiration in discovering 
and defining the different species, while the latter possessed a mar- 
vellous talent of grouping the species by their affinity. Authors, in 
fact, except Hiibner, Zeller, and Wallengren, up till the time of the 
publication of Hofmann’s ‘ Die deutschen Pterophinen,’ appear to have 
treated the Alucitids somewhat like bits of glass in a kaleidoscope, 
and each one shook them up till they formed a pattern to his own 
liking; some continued the process even after 1895, ignoring 
Hofmann’s splendid work. 

In the present volume the classification of the Alucitids has been 
carried very much farther, and all the known facts employed in this 
process are placed at the student’s service. The affinities and 
differences displayed by the ovum, larva (in all its instars), the pupa, 
and the imago, as well as the divergency shown in the life-history and 
habits of each species, are all taken into account. ‘This has unfortu- 
nately necessitated the creation of several new genera, a fresh burden 
on the entomologist’s memory. The origin of the Alucitids is well 
discussed in all its bearings, but as yet vio sufficiently clear light has 
been thrown on this problem, and it seems to be a question as 
to whether the connecting links between the more generalized 
ancestors of the Alucitids and the species now existing on the Karth 
have not, one and all, been entirely swept away. Perhaps when the 
Micro-Lepidoptera of the Tropics, and especially of Australasia and 
other more or less untouched regions, have been thoroughly worked 
out, we may become acquainted with forms of Alucitids, more 
generalized than we now know, which will throw a clearer light 
on the origin of the group. Though this volume deals especially with 
British species, it treats of them on such broad lines that incidentally 
it contains a good deal of information on palwarctic species which have 
not yet been discovered in the British Isles. This feature is particularly 
noticeable in the account of the Agdistides, of the Stenoptiliine, and 
Oxyptiline. The account of the general biological characters of the 
Alucitids, occupying twenty-five pages, and containing a most useful 
tabulation of the chief larval characters of most of the larve, is 


144 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


excellent, especially where it deals with the larva and pupa. No 
mention, however, appears to have been made, in dealing with 
the imago, of the peculiar, usually dark, club-shaped scales which lie 
on the under side of the second plumule of the hind wings, mostly 
near the base; this feature is observable on the under side of the hind 
wing of the Agdistides as well as in the Alucitides. 

When the accounts of each separate species come to be considered, 
it must be said that the minute details which are here found recorded 
show the patient and persistent work which has been so successfully 
carried out by the author and his collaborators. Firstly we have 
references to the works of authors who have previously written on the 
species, then the original description of the imago, which is followed 
by a description of the species in all its stages, its life-history, times of 
appearance, and the localities where it occurs. The larval and pupal 
descriptions are not confined to the colours and markings, as so many, 
practically useless, descriptions are, but are carried out in such 
a manner as to ensure all outward structural peculiarities being 
noted, the form and position of the tubercles, their sete, the presence 
or absence of secondary hairs, and other details. Thus the descrip- 
tion of the larva of Stenoptilia pterodactula extends to six pages, whilst 
the habits of the larva occupy two additional pages. Everyone knows 
this common species, but how few know where and how the young 
larva hybernates. A perusal of the account of the imago of Adkinia 
bipunctidactyla will serve to show how completely all the observations 
of previous authors have been digested and tested. In reading the 
descriptions of the ova, however, we frequently find no mention made 
of the micropyle; this is, of course, a highly essential structure, and 
its appearance might well be noted. 

Perhaps one of the most startling discoveries concerning the 
Alucitids was that made in 1904 of the food-plant of Buckleria 
paludum. The detailed account of this species is exceedingly inte- 
resting reading. We have yet, however, to learn whether the larva 
gains any extra protection by feeding on Drosera—whether, for instance, 
parasitic insects attacking the larva may sometimes be foiled in their 
attempts by the glandular hairs of the plant. 

This volume contains, besides the natural history of the Alucitids, 
very interesting chapters on the hybridization and OREN Gd in 
Lepidoptera. 

Mr. Tutt’s volumes are now so well known and appreciated By all 
entomologists that it appears quite unnecessary to call attention to 
their intrinsic value, but the amount of original research contained in 
the volume under notice certainly equals that of any of the previous 
volumes. We have here such a truly excellent account of the Alucitids 
as a whole, and of the score of species now dealt with, that this volume 
must long remain the standard work on the subject, and must ever be 
digested by any author essaying in the future to write a history of the 
Plumes. 

aa JAE ao 


Hrratum.—Page 108, line 11, for ‘Italy’ read “* July.” 


Plate IV. 


The Entomologist, July, 1907. 


“YUAeS 


‘NONITOSINNYO W 
“Sd ogewy 


eo 


OITVIAHdIYHO1WNd 
“al 


‘6 ydudny cy 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vou. XL.] JULY, 1907. [No. 530. 


LIFE-HISTORY OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR VAR. 
RUTILUS. 


By F. W. Fronawrk, M.B.O.U., F.E.S. 


Gynandrous Chrysophanus dispar var. rutilus. 


THrovueH the kind assistance of the Hon. N. Charles Roth- 
schild, I received from Austria three living females of Chryso- 
phanus dispar var. rutilus on June 4th, 1906; these were at once 
fed and placed on two growing plants of the great water-dock 
(Rumex hydrolapathum). The following day I found a few eggs 
were deposited, and many more were daily laid for about a week. 
On the 15th I examined the plants and counted 202 eggs had 
been deposited on one plant by two females, and 140 on the 
other, the production of one female. I then put the latter 
female on a plant of common dock, upon which she deposited 21 
more eggs, having altogether laid 161. The two other females 
I placed on another plant of R. hydrolapathum: these again 
deposited a further supply of eggs, amounting to 50 more, 
making 252 by the two females; the three parents produced in 
all 413 eggs. They lived in captivity for about three weeks, and 
continued depositing during the greater part of the time. The 
eggs are laid singly and scattered over both surfaces of the 
leaves, sometimes laid in little groups of three or four. They are 
small in proportion to the butterfly, being only slightly larger 
than C. phleas, measuring only # in. wide and 7, in. high. 
It is shaped like a coronet, with a bold cellular pattern on the 


ENTOM.—JULY, 1907. a) 


146 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


crown ; the micropyle is sunken, which is surrounded by about 
SIx or seven (varying in different specimens) crescentic cells; 
these are followed by about the same number of much larger 
cells, and round the sides the cells become very much less, alto- 
gether disappearing before reaching the base, which is somewhat 
irregularly fluted. The walls of the cells are well developed, 
standing in high relief, and form a fairly regular flower-like 
pattern, the cells being deep excepting those below the: bulging 
side of the egg. The whole of the upper surface is finely 
eranular, resembling rough, white, oxidized silver with shadows 
of greyish green; the basal fourth is shining transparent green ; 
the base is deeply embedded in gluten, adhering it firmly to the 
leaf. Before hatching they turn to an opaque creamy white 
colour. They started hatching on June 21st, remaining in the 
ege state sixteen days. The young larva emerges by eating a 
circular hole in the crown, but does not feed on the shell after 
it is free, merely eating away a hole to allow its escape. 

Directly after emergence the larva measures only 5, in. long, 
the rather large head is olive-yellow with pale amber-brown 
mouth parts, a brown q on the face, and black eye-spots; the 
first segment is compressed and projecting in front, overlapping 
the head, the remaining segments humped dorsally, sides sloping 
and concaved, and a swollen, dilated, lateral ridge. Along the 
dorsal surface are two rows of very long, white, finely serrated 
hairs, two pairs on each segment closely placed, all curving 
backwards, and on each segment along the lateral ridge are 
three more similar hairs projecting laterally, and slightly curving 
downwards; these form a projecting fringe all round the larva ; 
on the ventral surface are short, whitish, simple hairs; on the 
front of each segment is a subdorsal, minute, brownish hair with 
a dark base, and three other still smaller white ones on the side, 
they are all extremely minute; above the black spiracle is a 
black spiracular-like dise. The entire surface is a light citrine- 
yellow, and covered with granulations. 

Directly after quitting the egg it crawls to the under surface 
of the leaf and eats into the cuticle and lies in the furrow eaten 
out, with the lateral fringe of hairs lying flat on the surface 
overlapping the edges of the furrow. After making a little 
channel, often not more than its own length, just to he in, it 
moves to another spot and eats out another groove, and so on 
to another, so that after feeding for a few days, several little 
transparent channels of various lengths are cut in the leaf, but 
not perforated, as they leave a thin membrane on the upper 
side. Ifa portion of the leaf is curled over so as to leave the under 
surface uppermost, they then feed on the upper cuticle; there- 
fore they are indifferent on which surface they feed, so long as 
they are underneath. They crawl rapidly, and appear to be con- 


tinually feeding. (To be continued.) 


‘ 


147 


NOTES ON THE REARING OF LEAF-INSEKCTS IN 
CAPTIVITY. 


By W. H. Sr. Quintin, F.E.S., &e. 
(Continued from p. 75.) 
(Puate IV.) 


On March 15th the first female imago appeared. Two days 
later it was seen pairing with one of the males. The first ova 
were laid on April 1st. As the ovum is being laid the insect 
bends its abdomen back, and suddenly straightens it, releasing 
the egg at the same time, which is jerked to some distance. 
Some of the females on a bush, not enclosed in the cage, fling 
their ova about the small stove-house. One egg was found on the 
opposite stage across the gangway that runs down the middle of 
the stove ; another was shot on to the stage in the corner of the 
house four feet from the Ilex plant. The purpose is probably to 
ensure the distribution of the offspring. 

Both males and females in the perfect state continue to feed 
freely. In the female the under wings are rudimentary, and the 
most that she can do with her large leaf-like elytra is to ease the 
force of an accidental fall. The male, on his gauzy wings, is 
quite capable of a flight of at least a few yards, and is altogether 
a much more active, sprightly insect than the female. After 
dark the males flew from side to side of the cage with such 
violence that we were careful not to show a light near them, lest 
they should injure themselves if disturbed. 

Of the insects reared, about one-half were of each sex. The 
first male assumed the imago state about a month before the 
first female, and I have a note that,-after less than another 
month, the males began to die off. At the presént date (May 
18th) only one male remains alive. This one has been seen to 
pair with three different females, and is still feeding and lively. 
I have already over three hundred and fifty eggs, and shall be 
very pleased to present some to any of your readers who would 
like to rear these very interesting insects. Anybody who can 
ensure a moist atmosphere and a temperature not less than 
65° Fahr. should succeed. I hope to prove, in the coming season, 
whether, as is the case with Bacillus, Phyllium is able to continue 
its species by parthenogenesis. 

For the figures I am much indebted to my friend Mr. Digby 
Legard. 


Eixpuanation or Puare.—a, a female nymph; 8, an imago, also 
female; c, a perfect male. I regret that I did not think in time of 
securing photographs of the male in the earlier stages. If successful 
again this year I shall remember this omission. 


0 2 


148 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF 
THE SUBFAMILY CLYTRINI (PHYTOPHAGOUS 
COLEOPTERA) FROM AUSTRALIA. 


By Martin Jacosy, F.E.§. 


LeEasiA, gen. n. 

Elongate, parallel; head very broad, without distinct epistome ; 
eyes oblong, rather small, entire ; mandibles broad and robust, strongly 
pointed; antennz with second and following joints submoniliform, 
sradually widened, terminal joints slightly broader than long. Thorax 
transverse, more than twice as broad as long, sides nearly straight. 
Scutellum ovate. Elytra punctate-striate, with rows of ‘fine hairs. 
Legs short and robust, tarsi short, the first joint slightly longer than 
the second, claws simple. Prosternum very narrow and elongate. 

This is the second genus and third species of the subfamily 
Clytrini known from Australia. It forms part of the group Megalo- 
stome of Lacordaire, and bears a close resemblance to the South 
American genus Megalostomis, from which it differs in the shape 
of the head, which forms a single frontal surface without the 
slightest depression ; the antenne, instead of being serrate as in 
Megalostomis, are simply thickened. An enormous contrast is 
presented by the extraordinary small size of the insect, being © 
one of the smallest, if not the smallest, of all the Clytrini; while, 
on the other hand, Megalostomis is represented by insects of the 
largest size of that group. 

The species has been sent to me by Mr. A. Lea, the curator 
of the Entomological Department of Hobart Town, who has 
lately contributed a valuable monograph of the Australian 
Cryptocephalini, and after whom I have named this genus. 


Leasia australis, sp. 0. 


Black ; antenne, tibie, and tarsi more or less fulvous. Thorax 
impunctate, opaque; elytra more shining, minutely punctate-striate, 
with rows of fine pubescence. Length, 2 mm. 


Hab. Karridale, North Australia. 


Head impunctate, opaque, anterior edge of clypeus trisinuate, 
labrum fulvous, mandibles robust ; antenne extending to base of 
thorax, fulvous, sixth and following joints widened but not serrate. 
Thorax more than twice as broad as long, sides nearly straight, very 
narrowly margined, median lobe of basal margin scarcely produced, 
surface black and opaque like head, with some minute widely dispersed 
punctures. Hlytra with very fine and closely arranged rows of punc- 
tures, and extremely fine and short hairs likewise arranged in rows 
(only visible in well-preserved specimens) ; legs and tarsi sometimes 
more or less fulvous. 

Male.—Head and thorax very broad, mandibles robust. 

Female.—Head much narrower, mandibles very small. 


149 


BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING A SHORT TOUR 
IN SOUTHERN FRANCE IN MAY, 1907. 


By H. Rownanp-Brown, M.A., F.E.S. 


Ir has not been my experience before to make a prolonged 
entomological tour in the month of May on the Continent, and 
this perhaps lent additional zest and pleasure to my last visit to 
France. For some years past I have been endeavouring to 
collect material relative to the distribution of the Macro-Lepi- 
doptera throughout this country, but, though I have been fairly 
successful, there are still many absolute blanks upon the map 
which registers the departments for which no records exist, or 
for which I have been able to get no permanently valuable 
information. My chief uncoloured areas embrace the eastern 
frontier departments from Ardennes to Haute-Sadne, the country 
lying westward of the Cevennes and south of Cantal, and a wide 
field in Central France, stretching chiefly in a south-easterly 
direction. But it is only necessary to traverse these last two 
regions by day to understand the reason for the paucity of ento- 
mological references. Great plains, with every square acre of 
land cultivated and husbanded with such care as can only be 
seen in acountry of peasant proprietorship—a scarcity of wood- 
land enclosures, and of trees in general—these conditions offer 
little attraction to the entomologist who concerns himself chiefly 
with such insects as are not merely “‘nuisibles.” Yet, I dare say, 
round Limoges, the reputed northern limit in the west of Chryso- 
phanus var. gordius, and in the warm upper valleys of those 
tributaries of the Dordogne, the Lot, and the Tarn, there are 
innumerable hunting-grounds lying unexplored, as there are 
picturesque towns and old-world villages hardly known to the 
majority of Frenchmen themselves. 

The day I left Paris for Rocamadour—May 38rd—was un- 
promising enough, and not until sunset did the skies clear, as I 
fondly imagined, for the familiar unbroken blue of the ‘‘ Midi.” 
But next morning, when I woke to as perfect a spring day as 
ever inspired the poets of Guienne, I was nota little surprised to 
find vegetation hardly more advanced than I had left it in 
England; the poplars in the deep warm valley of the Alzou 
were still greener with the mistletoe, which especially affects 
them, than with their own foliage; the vine-tree over the door 
of the delightfully primitive hotel had hardly broken bud, and I 
was hailed as the first tourist. The sunny slopes of the ravine, 
to the side of which clings this interesting village, were, however, 
clothed with wild flowers, and here and there great bushes of the 
giant-fennel, suggestive of Papilio machaon; while the several 
platforms in the rock which mark the pilgrim-road for the faithful 


150 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


to the shrine of St. Amadour were golden with a tiny dwarf 
hawkweed. But machaon I did not meet with, though P. poda- 
lirius was almost the first butterfly to greet me, with a plenty of 
Gonepteryx cleopatra, G. rhamni, some immense Pieris brassice, 
Pontia daplidice var. bellidice, Anthocharis belia, and a number of 
Colas edusa and C. hyale, of which latter species I was particu- 
larly anxious to observe the female in the act of ovipositing ; but 
for some perverse reason all the hyale here appeared to be males. 
In addition, I also noted fresh Pararge megera, and one P. mera, 
with occasional C. phi@as, Polyommatus icarus, Nisoniades tages, 
and one or two hybernated Hugonias polychloros flying over the 
bay-trees in the chapel garden. But above on the causse, or 
plateau land, and during a drive of some two miles or more to 
the nearest station, though the day was brilliantly fine, there was 
nothing on the wing. Indeed, the barren rocky wastes, grazed 
(?) by sheep of the type familiar to the Noah’s ark of our child- 
hood, and the origin of the heady Roquefort cheeses, were 
suggestive of anything but an abundant butterfly fauna. 

After leaving Rocamadour my entomological diary received 
no additions worth recording for some days. The weather became 
cool, overcast, and windy, than which climatic conditions there 
are none more trying to the patience and the temper of the 
collector. From AlbiI moved on to Toulouse, where it poured in- 
cessantly, and from Toulouse I passed on to Montpellier, intending 
to collect for a day or two in a country which appears to have 
been somewhat carefully investigated by French collectors about 
thirty or forty years ago. The weather, however, was again 
abominable, though I had a lovely day at Carcassone (May 6th), 
where I noticed, in the dry moat of the famous Cité, a few speci- 
mens of Carcharodus althee, and P. podalirius not uncommon 
over the sloe-bushes. My first successful day, indeed, did not 
come before the 10th, when I found myself on the voiture 
publique, which conveys tourists to and from the Pont du Gard 
to Remoulins Station, reached from Avignon. But the back- 
wardness of the season was very apparent as soon as I had dis- 
mounted and unfurled my net for a preliminary hunt in the 
little glens, and on the undulating waste lands which lie to the 
south-west of the Gardon. The forest-trees were as yet hardly in 
leaf. But all the slopes were glorified by great streams of full- 
flowering asphodel, flowing and overflowing from the sunny 
uplands, and a tall yellow Senecio. It was, however, in the 
valleys that such butterflies as I found occurred, and among 
them Thais var. medesicaste, males for the most part, and in 
absolutely fresh condition. Huchloé ewphenoides, very small, 
both male and female, were flitting about the biscutella plants, 
with here and there an occasional H. cardamines. Melitea cinxia 
also was well to the fore and fine, and a few Leucophasia sinapis. 
But, to my complete surprise, when I crossed the bridge and 


BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED IN SOUTHERN FRANCE. 151 


ascended to the ground above the Pont, there was hardly a 
butterfly to be seen where, on the last day of March, 1902, the 
ground was alive with all the spring butterflies. I made my way 
back, therefore, very soon to the opposite bank, but Hesperia 
side was evidently not out, and only a few worn Callophrys rubt, 
Polyommatus baton, and Pontia daplidice var. bellidice put in an 
appearance. The nextday at Avignon, in a quarry near the Ville- 
neuve, M. phebe was just emerging, and in the citadel garden I 
noticed Papilio machaon for the first time. 

Leaving Avignon on the 11th, I found myself that evening once 
more back in the ‘ Boyer-Mistre’ at Digne, which hotel, I may 
add, for the benefit of intending visitors, has been very much — 
smartened up, the electric light installed throughout, and the 
sanitary arrangements completely overhauled. Madame Mistre, 
known to so many British entomologists, has retired, however, 
from the immediate management of the house, but their comforts 
will not be overlooked. As on the plains, still more conspicuous 
in the Basses-Alpes, was the lateness of the season. The plane- 
trees were only just beginning to leaf, the willows and the lesser 
forest-trees barely clothed with green, though I did find more 
favoured places, notably on the little rent in the hills which is 
the butterfly-hunter’s staircase to La Collette—and fine collecting 
ground all the way up—situate to the left of the Dourbes Road, 
about halfa milefrom the Octroi. Here Melitea auriniavar. provin- 
cialis wasabundant, with occasional M. cinxia, M. phebe, Brenthis 
euphrosyne (large and fiery), and females of B. dia, the first brood 
of which, in the ordinary course of events, comes in late March. 
Again, on the top of the hill, on the sweet-scented wild thyme, I 
found a single belated Hrebia epistygne, female. My chief reason 
for ascending to the summit was Anthocharis bellizina var. tagis, 
and I actually bagged a couple of specimens within five minutes, 
though on that and a second climb I never saw this dainty little 
butterfly again; nor was it apparently emerged on the foot-hills 
of the Doubs, where, I am given to understand, it occurs not in- 
frequently. Pontia var. bellidice was, however, common, Antho- 
charis belia evidently on the wane, and both males and females 
of £. cardamines common, the latter especially so, as it seemed, 
for I was netting every Anthocharid, without an orange tip, that 
crossed my path in hopes of securing the elusive tagis. But by 
far the commonest insect on the wing was Nomiades cyllarus, 
which simply swarmed in the little damp gully just off the Dourbes 
Road, and also in the dry bed of the stream which runs down the 
Kaux Thermales valley. With them were occasional males of 
P. bellargus, in all the splendour of an early emergence, not a 
few N. melanops, the males still perfect, and here and there 
single specimens (all males) of P. baton, C. sebrus, Hvias argiades, 
and P. icarus. Leucophasia duponcheli was, however, decidedly 
rare wherever it occurred, and, as my half-dozen captures were 


152 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


again all males, I conclude that the species this year was espe- 
cially late. After hearing a good deal also of the growing scarcity 
of Thais medesicaste at the hands of local dealers, it was pleasing 
to notice that even in its old haunts there were plenty flitting 
about in the neighbourhood of the aristolochia, and quite a 
quantity at the back of the Haux Thermales Hotel, where I do 
not remember to have encountered it in previous years. It is 
also interesting to observe, I think, that wherever Gonopteryx 
cleopatra was in evidence both males and females of G. rhamni 
were in attendance. In the ‘‘ alexanor valley,” a little above the 
Bathing Establishment, however, known to most of our collectors, 
there was a general scarcity, and the stream for the greater part 
of the way was still monopolizing the pathway from which later 
in the year I have taken so many interesting species. But here 
I came across the first male Hrebia evias, in magnificent condi- 
tion, though a few days later it was much commoner on La 
Collette, lopping lazily about just beyond reach of the net as a 
rule, on the steep precipice which falls away from the summit of 
that lovely hill. Yet it was by no means confined to ‘ the tops,” 
and I noticed several—the single female I took on the 16th 
among them—in the river-bed itself. At the foot of the hill in 
question I also saw a solitary male Carcharodus lavatere, H. 
alveus being commoner further along the Dourbes Road with 
P. sao, and higher up in the woods—the only butterfly observed 
there—Nemeobius lucina, which again was very common in most 
of the copses and wooded slopes round Digne, now beautiful with 
flowering cytisus, the wild medlar, white hawthorn, and a sweet- 
scented yellow jessamine, familiar to me as a garden shrub in Eng- 
land. With more sun I have no doubt my list of captures would 
have been considerably longer ; as it was, I had one whole wet day 
of the six spent in the Basses-Alpes, and four at least when the 
cloudy sky and high wind precluded much success among the 
butterflies. 1 append, however, a list of the species actually met 
with at the several places visited, in the hope that it may serve 
as some indication to those who in the future find themselves in 
the regions hurriedly toured by me at this particular season of 
the year :— 

Rocamavour (Lot).—Papilio podalirius, Pieris brassice, Pontia 
var. bellidice, Anthocharis belia, Colias edusa, C. hyale, Gonopteryx 
cleopatra, G. rhamni, Hugonia polychloros, Pararge mera, P. 
megara, Polyommatus icarus, Chrysophanus phleas, Nisoniades 
tages (May 4th). 

Pont-Du-Garp (Gard).— Thais var. medesicaste, Huchloé eu- 
phenorides, H. cardamines, G. cleopatra, C. edusa, Leptosia sinapis, 
Melitea cinxia, P. icarus, Cupido minima, P. baton, Callophrys 
rubt (May 9th). 

Avianon (Vaucluse). — P. machaon, A. belia, P. var. belli- 
dice, H. euphenoides, Aglaia urtice (apparently just out by the 


COLLECTING LEPIDOPTERA IN THE LAKE DISTRICT. 158 


freshness of the specimens ?), Pyrameis cardui, M. phoebe (May 
10th). 

Diane (Basses-Alpes).—In addition to all the above, Carcha- 
rodus lavatere, C. althee ; (and at Carcassone, Aude), Hesperia 
alveus, H. malve, Pyrgus sao, Chrysophanus dorilis, Nomiades 
semiargus (1), N. cyllarus, N. melanops, Polyommatus bellargus, 
P. hylas, Everes argiades, Cyaniris argiolus, Nemeobwus lucina, 
Pieris rape, P. napi, L. duponcheli, A. tagis var. bellizina, 
Brenthis euphrosyne, B. dia, Melitea aurinia var. provincialis, 
Ewvanessa antiopa, Pararge egeria, Cononympha pamphalus, 
Erebia erias, and E. epistygne—being representative of fifty- 
three species in all. 


Harrow-Weald: June 5th, 1907. 


COLLECTING LEPIDOPTERA IN THE LAKE DISTRICT 
IN 1902, 1908, AND IN 1905, 1906. 


By A. H. Foster. 
(Concluded from p. 133.) 


On Lingmoor Larentia cesiata swarmed, as indeed it did on 
the rocks on all the mountains visited. Another very common 
insect everywhere was Hypsipetes sordidata, showing every grade 
of variation, from greenish or grey to totally black, the darker 
specimens being the commonest. Other insects taken on the 
heather were :—Chelonia plantaginis, Venusia cambricaria, Act- 
dalia fumata, Strenia clathrata, Fidonia atomaria, Oporabia filr- 
grammaria, Larentia didymata, L. salicata, L. olivata, L. pectine- 
taria, Hupithecia nanata, Cidaria immanata, C.russata, C. testata, 
C. populata, Chareas graminis, Calena haworthit, Agrotis por- 
phyrea, Anarta myrtilli, Plusia gamma, and Euclidia m. During 
our last week in 1902 we sugared some trees near the edge of 
Blea Tarn with great success, the most important insects ob- 
tained being Xylophasia lithoaylea, X. monoglypha (a nearly black 
variety in abundance), X. rurea and var. combusta, Mamestra 
furva, Apamea gemina, A. didyma, Noctua festiva, N. rubi, Pola 
chi and var. olivacea, Aplecta nebulosa, A. tincta, Hadena adusta 
(dark), H. pist (dark), and H. oleracea (dark). 

Dusking near Blea Tarn in 1902 produced Nudaria mundana 
in abundance, and this insect also came to light. 

‘'he next season (1908) we could find nothing of any impor- 
tance at sugar, and N. mundana was absent, though there was 
only a week between the dates in the two seasons. LH. epiphron, 
however, was abundant both in 1902 and 1903. 

In 1905 and 1906 I went to a farmhouse at Stool End 
at the foot of Bow Fell. I was there for the first fortnight 


154 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of August in 1905, and the last fortnight of August in 
1906. Of H. epiphron there were none, P. interrogationis none, 
but Larentia salicata was very abundant in both years. This 
insect is particularly common on the rocks on Bow Fell, but is 
perhaps best obtained by walking along the stone walls, when, 
by waving the net about near the wall, the insect flies off, and is 
easily captured. Another insect which I took on Bow Fell (and 
nowhere else) was Larentia flavicinctata, which was obtained 
from the rocks in the same manner. Both these insects are 
accompanied by an abundance of L. cesiata, and it is necessary 
to take every possible insect which flies off in case it may be 
L. flavicinctata, which is not an insect to be despised. 

In 1905 I also discovered that the large patches of juniper 
which are found on Lingmoor, Bow Fell, and elsewhere were 
swarming with a beautiful dark variety of Hupithecia sobrinata, 
and I obtained the same insect again in 1906. In the latter 
year, also, I took one specimen (and missed two others) of Thera 
simulata in the juniper on Bow Fell, but did not meet with it 
elsewhere. 

Other insects to be noted are :— 

Stilbia anomala, of which I took three specimens, all kicked 
up by chance out of the long grass—one on Bow Fell, one on 
Langdale Pikes, one on Lingmoor. 

Chelonia plantaginis, which occurred in 1902 and 19038 chiefly 
on the tops of high mountains in company with H. epiphron; 1 
could never find var. hospiton, though I searched several times 
on Helvellyn. 

Coremia munitata, fairly plentiful among bracken and in long 
grass on the sides and tops of high mountains. 

Larentia olwata occurred every year in small numbers, 
always in a worn state, chiefly in the clefts in which the 
streams run down the sides of the fells, where there are over- 
hanging rocks. 

Cidaria testata, which occurred abundantly everywhere, par- 
ticularly in the heather. This is noticeable as occurring almost 
entirely as a beautiful lilac variety. I took no yellow ones 
whatever. 

I have never met with Hrebia blandina nor Canonympha 
typhon, nor with the variety of H. epiphron in which the black 
dots have white centres (? var. cassiope, or is this the type and 
the other the variety; or is this epiphron and the one without 
white centres casstope ?). 

The following insects complete the list of all those taken or 
observed in the district during the four seasons :—Pieris brassice, 
P. napi, P. rape, Gonepteryx rhamni, Argynnis selene, Vanessa r0, 
V. atalanta, V. urtice, H'pinephele ianira, Cenonympha pamphilus, 
Polyommatus phleas, Lycena icarus, Hesperia sylvanus, Hepialus 
humuli, H. velleda, Cossus ligniperda, Arctia lubricipeda, A. 


SPECIES BELONGING TO THE FAMILY NYMPHALID#. 155 


menthastri, Macrothylaria (Bombyx) rubi (larve), Boarmia re- 
pandata (dark), Hemithea strigata, Hupithecia vulgata (dark), 
Melanippe subtristata, M. montanata, M. fluctuata, Camptogramma 
bilineata, Tanagra atrata, Notodonta dicteoides, Leucania impura, 
L. pallens, L. conigera, L. lithargyia, Mamestra brassice, Agrotis 
segetum, A. exclamationis, Triphena pronuba, T’.. orbona, Noctua 
zanthographa, Phlogophora meticulosa, Huplexia luctpara. 


13, Tilehouse Street, Hitchin. 


DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES BELONGING 
TO THE FAMILY NYMPHALID. 


By Eminy Mary SHarpe. 


Euryphene braytoni, sp. n. 


3. Fore wing bluish black, the central area metallic blue, costal 
and hind margins brownish black. The dark apical area relieved by a 
transverse band of three white hastate spots suffused with pale blue. 
Hind wing entirely metallic blue, the costa, hind and inner margins, 
brownish black. Under side: Ground colour brown, with a green 
suffusion over the upper half of the wing, a submarginal border of 
brown spots along the hind margin, and two distinct brown spots in 
the discoidal cell, the white apical band nearly obsolete; the costa at 
the extreme base bluish white. Hind wing similar in colour to the 
fore wing, two brown spots in the cell, a whitish spot near the costa, 
situated near the centre of the wing, followed by a faint white line, but 
only as far as the first subcostal nervule. LExpanse, 2°7 in. 

@. Similar in colour to the male, the metailic blue on both wings 
somewhat brighter in colour. On the fore wing the white apical band 
broader and more strongly marked, a white spot at the extreme apex 
of the wing. Under side exactly similar to that of the male, the brown 
transverse band on the fore wing more strongly indicated than in the 
male. Hxpanse, 3°3 in. 


This species is allied to the H. sophus, Fabr., and EH. aurora, 
Auriv., group, but is distinguished from both by its beautiful 
blue colour. The sexes are alike, which is not usually the case in 
this genus. 

Euphedra cottoni, sp. n. 


Fore wing black, with a large patch of metallic blue on the inner 
margin, extending to the base and along the costal margin. A trans- 
verse band of yellow spots crosses the apical area; these spots are 
situated between the nervules. Hind wing entirely metallic blue, the 
costal, hind, and inner margins black, the hind margin having a sub- 
marginal row of blue spots. Under side: Ground colour somewhat 
greener than in FE. rezia, the costa yellow, the apex of the fore wing 
white, the black submarginal spots not so strongly marked. Hind wing 
green, suffused with yellow on the inner margin, the black spots and 


156 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


markings fainter and smaller; the white band crossing the discal area 
only faintly indicated. Expanse, 4:1 in. 


This species is closely allied to H. rezia, but differs from that 
species in having the yellow apical band on the fore wing. It 
may, therefore, be only a local form, as the genus varies tre- 
mendously. 

These specimens were collected in the Ituri Forest, Congo 
Free State, between Irumu-Mawambi-Beni, elevation between 
2950-2100 ft., by Major Powell Cotton in the year 1905, and 
during the months of June to October. 


NOTES ON COLLECTING DURING 1906. 


By toe Rev. W. G. WHITTINGHAM. 


(Concluded from p. 130.) 


My visit to Cornwall, thanks in good measure to the kind 
offices of Mr. J. Peed and Mr. George Oliver, was very enjoyable. 
Lycena arion was in large numbers, and in splendid condition. 
A good series of Leucophasia sinapis was secured, together with 
several Argynnis selene and aglaia, Melanargia galatea, and 
Lipinephele hyperanthus. Huchloé cardamines and Thecla rubi 
were flying in perfectly good condition on July 4th, and a day or 
two after. This I was told was generally observed. Thecla rubi 
was in plenty. Was it a second brood, or only a contiunance of 
the one brood? And what about Huchloé cardamines? Corn- 
wall would seem to be the last county in which one would expect 
to find late emergences. Several Vanessa cardui were about 
here. Sesia musciformis was plentiful among the thrift, and 
Arctia villica was seen on the wing in the hot sunshine. Amongst 
Noctue, Mana arcuosa (both sexes), and Agrotis lunigera and A. 
lucernea were taken at rushes and heath-flowers. Sugar pro- 
duced nothing but such insects as Apamea gemina, Miana stri- 
gis, and Rusina tenebrosa. Acidalia subsericeata was in some 
numbers, and the following Geometers were also netted :—Bapta 
temerata, Hmmelesia affinitata and alchenullata, Eupithecia jasio- 
neata, constrictata, nanata, pumilata, and Anticlea rubidata. Sco- 
paria dubitalis swarmed upon the sea-front, and Botys terrealis 
(getting over), Stenia punctalis, Nomophila noctuella, and Crambus 
uliginosellus were also taken. Only three ‘‘ plumes”’ were observed 
—Mimeseoptilus bipunctidactylus, Gidematophorus lithodactylus, 
and Letoptilus tephradactylus. 

The Micro-Lepidoptera did not seem to be very numerous. 
The Tortrices noticed only included such common insects as 
Sericoris lacunana and urticana, Penthina pruniana, Orthotenia 


NOTES ON COLLECTING DURING 1906. 157 


striana, Bactra lanceolana, Conchylis straminea, Spilonota roborana, 
Catoptria cana, Hupecilia angustana, Chrosis alcella, Sciaphila 
subjectana, and Argyrolepia cnicana. Hupecilia hybridella oc- 
curred, and among Tinex, Lita marmorea (very varied), and two 
specimens of Lampronia prelatella. Close searching at various 
times of the day and evening failed to reveal any more than 
these two. 

The larve of Hupithecia venosata were plentiful among Silene 
maritima, and a few Polia xanthomista were discovered, which 
duly produced moths at the end of August. 

On Monday, July 30th, I commenced a holiday, not alto- 
gether of an entomological character, at Ullswater, and bethought 
myself that by an early start I might secure something on the 
way. Accordingly I bicycled over to Rugby late on Sunday 
evening, and caught a night train to Carnforth, which enabled 
me to get a wash and some breakfast, and be at Arnside-Knott as 
early as butterflies were likely to be on the wing. After some 
search I succeeded in taking a couple of examples of Hrebia 
blandina, evidently freshly emerged. Soon after the sky became 
overcast, and the rumbling of distant thunder made it evident 
that my chance of getting any more was at an end for that day ; 
so, leaving the Knott, I presently found a train to take me across 
the estuary to Grange, and had a few hours on the moss at 
Witherslack ; while the constant thunder from the storm-clouds 
over the Knott told me I had done wisely to come away. By 
three o’clock I had to leave, and had a delightful ride by the side 
of Windermere and over the Kirkstone Pass to Ullswater. I came 
back a week later for a second attempt to get a series of blandina, 
but again storm-clouds were covering the Knott, and made it 
hopeless, so that once more I confined my attention to the 
moss. 

The storm, indeed, was not so kind as on the previous occasion, 
for hardly had I got well on to the moss when the storm broke, 
and both I and the moss were soaked. However, I stuck to it, 
with such shelter as the pines afforded, and by and by the sun 
came out, and presently insects were walked up. A few Ceno- 
nympha typhon were still on the wing on the earlier visit, though 
worn, and Lycena egon was also flying, the females presentable. 
Nemeophila plantaginis was in perfectly good condition, and so 
were a couple of Anarta myrtilli. Selidosema ericetaria was in 
some numbers, the males mostly worn, but I only turned up four 
specimens of Carsia imbutata. I secured eggs from ericetaria, 
but I cannot say I am very sanguine as to the larve having got 
through the winter alive. Hyria muricata, Crambus margari- 
tellus, and Retinia buoliana were netted, and a fair series of 
Amphisa gerningana. Mixodia schulziana was abundant, and in 
resplendent condition. On my way back to Ullswater I found 
two larve of Cucullia asteris on Solidago in a wood, and should 


158 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


doubtless have obtained more if time had permitted a good 
search. 

In the neighbourhood of Ullswater Larentia cesiata swarmed 
on the rocks in places, and in one spot ZL. olivata was plentiful. 
I obtained a good many ova of the last-named species; they 
hybernate when very small, and it is difficult to know what to do 
with them. I fear I have lost them all. A partial second brood 
of L. salicata appeared, and the small mountain form of L. didy- 
mata flew in the afternoon sun. Hupithecia sobrinata was plenti- 
ful among the juniper, and some interesting forms were taken. 
I found a few larve of EH. valerianata, and one or two examples 
of Coremia munitata started up and were boxed half-way up 
Helvellyn. Cidaria populata and Hypsipetes sordidata were 
especially interesting. The females of populata were all dis- 
tinctly smaller than those I have seen elsewhere, and were 
typical in coloration. The males were normal in size, but 
varied in colour. Most were darker than our Midland form ; 
one or two had the inner marginal area or the whole wing 
suffused with darker, and several were altogether brown, almost 
chocolate, with the markings partly obliterated. Sordidata was 
very varied, presenting both green and fuscous forms. Cidaria 
testata was also of quite a distinct colour, a dusky brownish grey, 
rather difficult to describe, replacing the usual reddish grey, the 
general impression being brownish violet instead of ochreous. I 
found several Stilbia anomala settled on the heather by searching 
after dark, but nothing flew to light; nor was sugaring productive 
of anything better than J’. comes and pronuba, N. xanthographa, 
and X. monoglypha, though of these last the dark variety was as 
prevalent as the light form. 

Two or three days at Seascale were rather disappointing, 
entomologically, though otherwise pleasant enough. The August 
Agrotids, vestigialis, tritici, &c., came to sugar on the sand-hills, 
but very sparsely, and a few Miana literosa. That was all. A 
specimen of T'apinostola fulva was found newly emerged on a 
rushy patch in a dip of the sand-hills on August 21st, and I 
netted a female Luperina cespitis, which was kind enough to 
lay me a quantity of eggs, which have just hatched. I have 
also some of the hybernated and now feeding progeny of a 
Geometra papilionaria, which I took at rest. The record of 
several specimens of Polyommatus phi@as, some of them with 
blue spots on the hind wings, completes my notes of this 
holiday. 


Knighton Vicarage, Leicester. 


106. 


107. 


108. 


109. 
110. 


tala 
112. 


113. 


114. 


gays 


116. 


117. 


118. 


IAQ: 
120. 


121. 


159 


CURRENT NOTES. 
By G. W. KrirKaupy. 


Warp, J. J.: ‘The Life Story of the White Admiral 
Butterfly.” Strand Magazine (American Edition), xxxil- 
308-9, text figs. 1-16 (October, 1906). 

Craw, A.: “‘ Report of the Superintendent of Entomology 
and Inspector” (including Reports by J. Korinsxy). 2nd 
Rep. Board Agr. Forestry Hawaii, 99-166, plates vil.—viii., 
text figs. 1-11 (October 15th, 1906). 


Matsumura, 8: ‘‘A Summary of Japanese Cicadide .. .” 
Annot. Zool. Jap. ii., 1-20, plate i. (February 25th, 1898). 
[Hemiptera]. 


Id.: ‘‘ Monographie der Cercopiden Japans.” Journ. Sapporo 
Agr. Coll. ii., 15-52, figs. 1-22 (1903). [Hemiptera]. 

Id.: ‘‘ Additamenta zur Monographie der Cercopiden Japans, 
mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Cicada-Art.’’ Annot. 
Zool. Jap. v., 81-55, plates 2-3 (1904). [Hemiptera!. 
Matsumura, §.: ‘‘ Die Hemiptera Fauna von Riu Kiu 
(Okinawa). Tr. Sapporo N. H. Soc. i. 15-38, plate i. (1905). 
Hopkins, A. D.: ‘‘ Some Insects Injurious to Forests: The 
Locust Borer.” Bull. Bureau Ent. (U.S.) 58, pp. 1-16, 
figs. 1-6, plate i. (June 13th, 1906). [Coleoptera]. 

Wess, J. L.: ‘‘Some Insects Injurious to Forests: The 
Western Pine-destroying Barkbeetle.” Op. cit., 17-80, figs. 
7-12, plates ii. and i. (August 18th, 1906). [Coleoptera]. 
Hinps, W. E.: ‘‘ Proliferation as a Factor in the Natural 
Control of the Mexican Cotton-boll Weevil.” Op. cit., 59, 
pp. 1-45, plates i.-vi. (August 27th, 1906). (Coleoptera, &c.]. 
Hine, J. S.: “‘ Habits and Life Histories of some Flies of 
the Family Tabanide.” Op. cit. (Tech. Ser. 12), pp. 17-88, 
text figs. 1-12 (August 29th, 1906). ([Diptera, &c.]. 
‘*Proceedings of the Highteenth Annual Meeting of the 
Association of Kconomic Entomologists.”’ Op. cit., 60; 
1-206, figs. 1-10, plates i.-i11. (September 22nd, 1906). 
Diumock, G. W.: ‘‘ Aleunas Coccinellide de Cuba.’’ Inform. 
Kstac. Centr. Agron. Cuba 1., 287-392, plates 50-2 (June Ist, 
1906). [Coleoptera]. 

Coox, M. T.: ‘‘ Informe del Departamento de patologia 
vegetal.” Op. cit., 147-208, plates 24-9. 

Id.: *‘ Algunas Agallas de Cuba producidas por Insectos.” 
Op. cit., 247-52, plates 47-9. [Diptera]. 

Desnevx, J.: ‘‘ Termitide o comejenes. Habitos e historia 
de su vida.” Op. cit., 398-407, figs. 1-10, plate 53. 
[Neuroptera]. 

THEOBALD, F'. V.: ‘‘ Some Notable Instances of the Distri- 
bution of Injurious Insects by Artificial Means.” Science 
Progress i., 58-72, figs. 1-3 (July, 1906). 


160 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


122. Noraaarp, V. A.: ‘‘ Division of Animal Industry—Report 
for 1905.” 2nd Rep. Agr. Forestry Hawaii, 167-228 
(October 18th, 1906). [Diptera]. 

123. Kwan, F.: ‘‘ The Swarming of Culex pipiens.’”’ Psyche xiii., 
123-33 (October, 1906). [Diptera]. 

124. Suoanz, T. G.: “‘ Revision of the Cicindelide of Australia.” 
Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales xxxi., 309-60, plates 
25-31 (October 3rd, 1906). [Coleoptera]. 

125. Harrison, L. W. H.: ‘ Variations of Lycena astrarche 
in Britain.” Bull. Soc. Lép. Genéve 1., 30-2 (1905). 
[Lepidoptera] . 

126. Fernaup, H. T.: ‘The Digger Wasps of North America and 
the West Indies belonging to the Subfamily Chlorionine.” 
P. U.S. Mus. xxxi., 291-423, plates vi.-x. (No. 1487) 
(1906). 

127. Cary, M.: ‘On the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Athabaska 
and Mackenzie Region, British America.’”’ Op cit., 425-57 
(No. 1488) (1906). 

128. CRomMBRUGGHE DE PicquENDAELE, Baron de: ‘‘ Larves de 
Microlépidopteres vivant en aout, sur les trembles de la 
forét de Soignes.”” A.S. E. Belg. 50, pp. 271-2 (October 4th, 
1906). 

129. Grosvenor, G. H.: ‘‘ Cuba—the Pearl of the Antilles.” 
Nat. (U.S.) Geogr. Mag. xvil., 585-68 (including 24 full-page 
illustrations), 1 map (12 x 24 ins.) (October, 1906). 

130. Murr, F.: ‘‘ Notes on some Fijian Insects.” Bull. Hawaiian 
Sugar Plant. Ent. 2, pp. 1-11, plate 1. (November 10th, 
1906). (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera]. 


The ‘Life Story of the White Admiral Butterfly” (106) will 
doubtless be interesting to many readers of the ‘ Entomologist.’ 
The reference is to the American edition of the magazine, which 
may not be the same as the British. 

Craw and Kotinsky’s Report (107) deals with a record of the 
quarantine work of 1905, and of the breeding and dissemination 
of beneficial insects during the same period. ‘There are also 
reports on visits to the various islands of the Hawaiian Archi- 
pelago. The reports on Lantana Insects and Hornfly are re- 
printed from the Rep. Hawaiian Livestock Association. 

It is interesting to compare the Cicadid and Cercopid faunas 
of Japan with the similar British ones. In the British Isles 
there are one Cicadid and seven Cercopids, in Japan sixteen 
Cicadide and forty Cercopids already described (108-110). The 
naturalists of Sapporo, in Japan, have started a Natural History 
Society, and published part of the first volume of their ‘ Trans- 
actions.’ Matsumura records fifty-six species of Hemiptera from 
the Riu Kiu (Loochoo) Islands, of which ten are new (111). 

Hopkins and Webb (112-113) discuss the life histories of the 

Cerambycid Cyllene robinie and the Scolytid Dendroctonus brevi- 


CURRENT NOTES. 161 


cornis respectively, while Hine (115) deals at length in the same 
way with five species of Tabanus and a Chrysops. These papers 
cannot be neglected by British field-workers. 

Hinds (114) discusses proliferation in the Cotton Plant—that 
is to say, ‘“‘the development of numerous elementary cells from 
parts of the bud, or boll, which are themselves normally the 
ultimate product of combinations of much more highly 
specialized cells. The resulting product is thus composed of 
comparatively large, thin-walled cells, which are placed so 
loosely together that the resulting formation is of a soft texture, 
and has a granular appearance,” plainly to be seen with the 
naked eye. This proliferation has been ascertained to be the 
cause of a higher rate of mortality in the terribly destructive 
boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), death resulting generally 
mechanically from simple pressure, for the proliferous tissue is 
not toxic to the weevils. 

The Proceedings of the Association of Economic Entomolo- 
gists (116) are, as usual, of great biological interest. Among 
the more interesting papers are the following :—(a) ‘‘ The Scope 
and Status of Economic Entomology,” by H. Garman (5-24) ; 
(b) **The Corn Root-Aphis and its attendant Ant,’ by S. A. 
Forbes (29-41) [Hemiptera, Hymenoptera]; (c) ‘‘ Observations 
upon the Migrating, Feeding, and Nesting Habits of the Fall 
Webworm (Hyphantria cunea, Dru.),” by EH. W. Berger (41-51, 
plate i.) [Lepidoptera]; (d) “The Care of Entomological 
Types,” by T. D. A. Cockerell (51-2) ; (e) ‘‘ Notes upon a Little- 
known Insect Enemy of Cotton and Corn (Cicada erratica),” by 
W. Newell (52-8, figs. 1-2) [Hemiptera]; (f) ‘‘ History of 
Keonomic Entomology in Hawaii,” by J. Kotinsky (58-66) ; 
(g) ‘‘The Relation of Descriptions to Economical Methods of 
Hradication in the Family Aphidide,” by C. E. Sanborn (162-6) 
[Hemiptera]; (kh) The Currant Root-Aphis (Schizoneura fodiens, 
Buckton)” {in England}, by F. V. Theobald (166-70, figs. 7-9) 
[Hemiptera]. It should be noted that the “Report of Com- 
mittee on Nomenclature” (25-8) is on the nomenclature of 
popular names only. 

Dimmock has produced an extensive paper, chiefly biological, 
on Cuban Ladybirds (117), while Desneux (120) discusses some 
Termites from the same island. Cook deals (118) with various 
insect pests, and (119) Dipterous galls, also from Cuba. 

Norgaard (122) discusses the Screwworm Fly (Compsomyia 
macellaria) and the Hornfly (Hematobia serrata). 

Sloane (124) revises the Australian Cicindelids ; the intro- 
ductory remarks (809-17) and various notes in the course of the 
paper are of general interest. 

According to the ‘ Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society,’ 
Harrison discusses the British Lycena astrarche and its var. 
artaxerxes (125). 


ENTOM.—JULY, 1907. P 


162 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Fernald (126) has monographed the North American and 
Antillean Chlorionine—that is to say, the group formerly known 
as Sphecine, the latter name being now applied to the old 
Ammophiline. The external anatomy is discussed, followed by 
analytical keys and descriptions of the genus Chlorion, its sub- 
genera and species. 

Among the Rhopalocera enumerated from Northern Canada 
are Huvanessa antiopa, Vanessa atalanta and cardui, Anosia 
plexippus, and varieties of Papilio machaon, Pontia napi, and 
Cenonympha tiphon (127). The Baron de Picquendaele (128) 
briefly remarks on the larve of several Micro-Lepidoptera found 
in Belgium on the aspen. 

An up-to-date map of Cuba (129) has just been published. 

Muir (180) gives a brief account of a visit to the Viti Isles in 
search of parasites, followed by anatomical and bionomical 
notes on Stylopide, with description of a new species of 
Pipunculide. 


Errata.—P. 85, line 6, for ‘‘ reduction’ read ‘‘ redaction ”’ ; 
line 16 from bottom, for ‘‘Ranatia” read ‘‘ Ranatra”’; p. 86, 
line 7, for ‘‘ Ageomyzid”’ read ‘‘ Agromyzid.” 


TORTRIX PRONUBANA, Hs., DOUBLE-BROODED IN 
BRITAIN. 


By Rozsert Apxin, F.E.S. 


From what I saw of the earlier stages of Tortrix pronubana 
last autumn, I was so convinced that an earlier emergence would 
be found to take place that I determined to investigate the matter 
at the earliest opportunity. This occurred at Whitsuntide, when 
I was able to spend a fewdays at Eastbourne. A diligent search 
of the Huonymus hedges produced a number of Tortrix larve, 
the bulk of them only too evidently not of the species sought ; 
but among them were two or three suspiciously like those found 
last autumn, and a pupa that was met with also looked likely in 
general appearance, but instead of being between two leaves, as 
was invariably the case with the autumn pups, it was enclosed 
in a single rolled leaf. However, the emergence from this pupa 
of a fine male, and one example of each sex of the species having 
resulted from the miscellaneous collection of larve, has shown 
clearly that there are at least two generations of Tortrix pronu- 
bana in the course of the year in Britain. 


Lewisham: June, 1907. 


163 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Nevroprera.—Dr. Chapman was kind enough to hand to me the 
following insects recently taken by him in France :—One male of the 
dragonfly, Sympyena fusca, Vanderl., taken at Hyéres, March 24th to 
April 9th, 1907; two Holocentropus stagnalis, Albarda (Trichoptera), 
which occurs locally in England, taken at the same date and place ; 
one Mesophylax aspersus, Ramb. (Trichopteron), a southern insect (once 
taken in England, but probably a ‘“‘casual’’), captured at Ste. Maxime, 
April 10th to 28th, 1907; one Micropterna jsissa, McL. (Trichopteron), 
another southern insect, taken at the same date and locality as the 
last.—W. J. Lucas. 


Lear-Insecrs 1x Captivity.—Mr. St. Quintin’s note on the above 
subject in the April number of this Journal is of great interest. The 
discovery that these insects can be reared upon beech, oak, and ilex 
leaves will enable many people in England to have the pleasure of 
watching the transformations of these most remarkable of tropical 
insects. The damp atmosphere is a sine qua non, both in the hatching 
of the eggs and the successful raising of the young insects. But 1 am 
writing more particularly to correct an error in the name of the species 
said to have been obtained by Mons. Morton from Ceylon. Phylliwm 
(Pulchriphyllium) scythe is recorded only from Northern India, and 1s 
not known to occur in this island. Our commoner Ceylon species is 
crurifolium, and it is probable that this species is the subject of 
Mons. Morton’s paper. It has a range extending through Ceylon, 
Borneo, and the Seychelles.—H. Ernest Green; Government Entomo- 
logist, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon, April 22nd, 1907. 


Barretr’s ‘ LEPmDopreRA OF THE Britisy Isuanps ’ anv 11s [npDIcEs.— 
Having agitated for the publication of a Specific Index to Barrett’s 
‘Lepidoptera,’ it is only right that I should express our indebtedness 
to the publishers of that work for having taken the hint, and this 1 do 
with much pleasure. I now have a copy of this index before me, and, 
although its method is not all that could be desired, it will answer a 
useful purpose, and enable easy reference to a desired species without 
the necessity of hunting through many pages of closely printed matter 
to discover where the required information may be found, as was the 
case before its publication. Such references as Fuligana, vol. 10, 
p. 879; Fuligana, vol. 11, p. 63; Marginata, vol. 6, p. 146; Margi- 
nata, vol. 7, p. 274; Rufana, vol. 10, p. 285; Rufana, vol. 11, p. 29, 
and so forth, of which there are several, are worrying, and it is to be 
regretted that in cases where the same name is used for more than one 
species some indication of the generic name also is not given ; indeed, 
it is surprising that with such examples of complete indices as that of 
Staudinger’s ‘ Catalogue,’ 1901, or even the special indices of some of 
our current periodicals, such omissions should have occurred. It is 
also to be regretted that the size of the paper on which the index for 
the large-paper edition is printed is not of the same size as that of the 
body of the work. ‘These, however, are but trivial defects, and the 
index will, without doubt, be found exceedingly useful by all those who 
desire to use the work as a book of reference, and I doubt not that they 


164 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


will be many. But why have ‘‘ The Publishers”’ (ante, p. 109) sought 
to throw the blame for their original omission on the deceased author ? 
Why did they endeavour to construe my words of reverence to his 
name (ante, p. 87) into a ‘‘cold douche”’ upon his life’s work? Had 
they seen fit, in the first instance, to have spent one-tenth of the labour 
and cost incurred in printing a comparatively useless ‘‘ List of Plates ”’ 
in providing a thoroughly up-to-date specific index, there would have 
been nothing to say. However, we are grateful to the publishers for 
having given us, even though late, this ‘‘ Alphabetical List of Species 
contained in Barrett’s ‘ Lepidoptera of the British Islands’’’; the pages 
of this great work are now open to us, and we can well afford to ‘‘ bury 
the hatchet.’—Roserr Apxin ; Lewisham, June, 1907. 


PorTHESIA CHRYSORRH@A.—While at Eastbourne in the early days 
of this month I chanced upon a bramble patch growing in a sheltered 
nook close to the sea, which was devastated by the nearly full-fed 
larvee of Porthesia chrysorrhea. There must have been some thousands 
of them, and many of the ‘“‘ nests’’ in which they had hybernated were 
found on the brambles. Although I have worked the district pretty 
closely for the past ten years or more, I have not previously met with 
this species, nor could I find any other colony in the surrounding 
country, so far as I was able to explore it. The fact of this isolated 
colony occurring close to the south-east corner of our island appears to 
me to suggest very strongly the probability of the parent moths being 
immigrants, and the recorded fact of the species being ‘‘in considerable 
numbers over a large area”’ of the South of France last year (Proc. 
South London Ent. Soc. 1906, p. 88) may perhaps also give a clue to 
their possible origin.—Roserr Apxin; Lewisham, June, 1907. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


CoLEopreRA NEAR Barnstapte.—Last year I gave over some of my 
time to the Coleoptera, without much success as far as rarities go, yet 
I took several interesting beetles, and am fully persuaded to continue 
this summer. My two chief collecting-grounds were Braunton Bur- 
rows (including Santon and the cliffs) and the valley of the Yeo, at 
Barnstaple. There is no necessity for me to point out the riches 
which entomologists are (I almost said were) accustomed to find on 
Braunton Burrows. The Burrows have an exceptionally low rainfall, 
and on account of the sands it is probably the hottest part of North 
Devon in the summer. The Yeo valley is well wooded, but with 
young trees—oaks and larches. The banks of the river are profuse 
with large flowering plants, and the smaller members of the Geode- 
phaga run over the shingle beaches in thousands. There are very few 
ponds in Devon, and especially few in the north of the county, and 
consequently I saw no great numbers of water-beetles. Rocky moor- 
land brooks are of course numerous. The following list, which is by 
no means one to be proud of, seeing the time I devoted to collecting, 
contains the most noticeable and most notable forms I came across. 
Outside Braunton Burrows I consider the Barnstaple district to be 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 165 


very poor in Coleoptera. Some of the species were taken by my friend 
Mr. H. H. Hamling, and in those cases I have inserted his name in 
brackets after the record :— 

Cicendela campestris. Common in the Yeo valley. —Carabus viola- 
ceus. ‘The commonest of the genus.—C. arvensis. One specimen on 
Codden Hill.—Cychrus rostratus. In South Devon, near Totnes, I 
took two under stones, on the border of a larch-wood.—Leistus ferru- 
gineus, Frequent under stones and bark.—L. spinibarbis and L. fulvi- 
barbis. One of each, under stones.—Nebria complanata. This 1s a 
common insect on the sandy shores of the coast, at Greysands and 
Santon (under sandstone boulders at the foot of the cliffs) and 
Woolacombe. Their colouring makes them hard to see on the sand 
until they move, but they generally remain still in times of danger.— 
Broscus cephalotes. Common in the same localities as last.—Dyschirius 
globosus and D. impunctipennis. The Burrows.—Chlenius vestitus. 
Common at Venn Quarry, Barnstaple; one specimen on the Yeo and 
a few at Bishopstawton. — Badister bipustulatus, Dromius linearis, 
D. nigriventris.—Pristonychus terricola. Plentiful on the beech at 
Santon, at the foot of cliffs, and in the dark caverns.—Anchomenus 
angusticoliis. Reported as rare here, but it 1s common in Acland 
Woods under bark, and at one or two other Barnstaple localities.— 
A. fuliginosus. Under alder bark.—A. marginatus. Braunton Bur- 
rows; not common; and A. thoreyi, Dej.—Calathus melanocephalus. 
Common.—VDichirotrichus pubescens and D. obsoletus and Cillenus late- 
ralis. River Taw.—Bembidium obtusum, B. rufescens.—B. pallidipenne. 
Plentiful under stones and bits of bark near water, Braunton Burrows. 
—Dytiscus marginalis. Venn Quarry (H. H. Hamling).—Agabus nebu- 
losus. Has been taken on Lundy Island; also at Venn. — Deronectes 
12-pustulatus and Colymbetes fuscus.—Orechtochilus villosus. Under 
stones on the edge of the Yeo river, taken in daylight.—Creophilus 
maxillosus. Very common; also Bledius arenarius. — Staphylinus 
cesareus and Philonthus marginatus.—Olophrum piceum. Yeo valley.— 
Megacronus cingulatus, Mann. One specimen, Acland Woods.—Ocypus 
ater. Common at Santon.—Atemeles emarginatus. In large numbers 
in nest of Formica rufa in South Devon, near Totnes.—Tychus niger. 
Common.—Pyrochroa rubens. Common on timber.—Silpha thoracia. 
Two in fungus, Acland Woods; and numbers near West Buckland 
by roadside (H. H. Hamling),—Atomaria linearis. About 4} acres of 
mangolds were destroyed by these little beetles some time ago. The 
Board of Agriculture advises that a Strawsoniser be run over the field 
with ordinary Paris-green wash, and considered deep ploughing advis- 
able. In districts on the Continent where this beetle is a serious pest 
to sugar-beet, ‘‘ thick sowing of seed’’ is practised, and would be worth 
doing in this country, where the species is over numerous.—Tritoma 
bipustulata. Tawstock Woods.—Coccinella 14-guttata. On alders.— 
C. variabilis.—Sinodendron cylindricum. One in rotten beech; and 
also at Lynton (H. H. Hamling).—Dorcus parallelopedus. Near the 
moor in Somerset, but on the Devon border (H. H. Hamling). 
— Geotrupes typheus. One specimen, Santon; also a pronotum of 
female among some remains left by bats, Braunton.—Heterocercus 
levigata. River Taw. — Phyllopertha vulgaris and Cetonia aurata. 
Barnstaple-—Anomala @nea. Common at Santon.—Hoplia philanthus. 


166 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


On Heraclewm.—Melanotes rufipes. Two under bark at Venn.—Lam- 
pyrus noctiluca. Very common.—WNiptus hololeucus. Numerous in old 
cupboards.—Cleonus sulcirostris (H. H. Hamling). One at Santon.— 
Cionus blattaria, Strophosomus coryli, and Apoderus corylt, the latter at 
Acland Woods. — Apion miniatum, Common. — Cenopsis waltont. 
Common in moss: woods. — Otiorhynchus atroapterus. Santon. — 
Rhagium inquisitor. In rotten oak, Clovelly.—Pachyta 8-maculata. 
River Yeo (vide ‘Kntomologist,’ November, 1906, p. 259).—Crypto- 
cephalus lineola (H. H. Hamling).—Haltica verbasct. Very common on 
the mullein.—Cassida splendidula. River Yeo, by beating ; one speci- 
men.—Chrysomela banksii. Common, especially in South Devon, near 
Totnes, at Harberton.—C. hypericit. Common; and C. goettingensis, at 
Harberton and Venn, Barnstaple; two only.—Phytodecta olivacea var. 
litura. On broom, River Yeo.—Galeruca calmariensis, G. lineola, 
Adimonia capree.—Calomicrus circumfusus. On gorse, Codden Hill.— 
Typhea fumata. Under bark.—Helops pallidus. One at Braunton 
Burrows.—/f1. striatus. Very common under bark.—Cistela sulphurea. 
Common on low plants, Braunton.—C. murina. On coast.—Phaleria 
cadaverina. Common under stones and seaweed on the shore.— 
Opatrum sabulosum, Common, Braunton Burrows; also Heliopathes 
gibbus. On sandhills, crawling over loose sand.—Melandrya caraboides, 
On stinging-nettles; one specimen at Venn. — Bruce F. Cummines ; 
14, Cross Street, Barnstaple. 


Larve 1n 1907.—In view of the remarks made by Messrs. Newman 
and Huggins concerning the scarcity of Arctia caia larve this season, 
I should like to give my experience of the Norfolk Broad district. In 
spite of heavy rains I collected over one hundred in six days, im 
marshes over which I had hunted the two previous years, and found 
only a dozen or so. This was in the first week of June each year. 
There was a great increase in the number of Odonestis potatoria too, 
and I should be very glad of an explanation of this really remarkable 
abundance. Is it due to the fact that in this swampy district last 
summer's extreme drought was favourable to autumn-feeding larve ? 
G. Brooks; Ivyside, North Finchley, June 16th, 1907. 


SOCIETIES. 


KnromouoaicaL Society or Lonpon.—Wednesday, June 5th, 1907.— 
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, President, in the chair.—Mr. C. N. Hughes, of 
Knightstone, Cobham; Mr. Albert Ernest McClure Kelly, Assistant 
Entomologist to the Department of Agriculture, Natal; and Mr. M. G. 
Muklie, of Hyderabad, Sind, India, and Cambridge University, were 
elected Fellows of the Society.—The decease was announced of Dr. 
Frederic Moore, D.Sc., A.L.S., F.Z.8., the ‘father’ of Indian 
entomology, and one of the oldest Fellows of the Society; and of 
Mr. C. J. Watkins.—The President read a communication from the 
Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., the Society’s delegate to the celebrations in 
honour of the Linnean bicentenary celebrations at Upsala and Stock- 
holm, announcing the delivery of the addresses and the hospitality 
with which he had been received at both places. It was resolved to 


SOCIETIES. 167 


publish the addresses in the Society’s ‘ Proceedings.’—The President 
read a letter received from Dr. Karl Jordan, F.E.S., asking the 
support of the Society for an International Congress of Entomology. 
A resolution, cordially approving the Congress, and offering the 
support and co-operation of the Society, was carried unanimously.— 
Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited a living example of Leioptilus carpho- 
dactylus, Hb., one of the first bred British specimens which had 
emerged on June 2nd, from larve found by Mr. J. Ovenden.—Mr. 
H. St. J. Donisthorpe showed a specimen of Microdon mutabilis, with 
the empty pupa-case, bred from a larva taken in the nest of Formica 
fusca at Portlock, April, 1907; also males and females of Kleditoma 
myrmecophila, n. sp., bred last month from a nest of Lasius fuliginosus 
found at Wellington College in March, 1907. He said that this species 
of parasitic Cynipide, which was new to science, had been named by 
Professor Dr. J. J. Kieffer—Mr. M. Jacoby brought for exhibition 
examples of small beetles, new to science, of the new genus Clythrida, 
including Leasta australis, Jac.—Mr. A.J. Chitty exhibited the three types 
of the three species of Proctotrupidee (Gonatopus), described by Westwood 
but entirely overlooked by subsequent authors.— Mr. E. E. Austen, 
F.Z.S., exhibited larve, pups, andimaginesof Cordylohia anthropophaga, 
Grunb., a Muscid fly which is widely distributed in tropical and sub- 
tropical Africa, from Senegal to Natal, and in the larval stage is a sub- 
cutaneous parasite in man and certain other animals. Larve of 
various Muscide have frequently been found parasitic in human 
beings, but the parasitism is usually accidental; the larve of 
C. anthropophaga, however, like those of the Cistride (Bot and 
Warble flies) appear to be normally parasitic. Much confusion as to 
the identity of this Muscid has been caused by its having been wrongly 
referred to by certain writers as Bengalia depressa, Walk., a totally 
different insect, which there is no reason to believe to be a parasite.— 
Professor H. B. Poulton, F'.R.S., read a note ‘ On the Significance of 
some Secondary Sexual Characters in Butterflies.’ — Dr. F. A. 
Dixey, M.A., M.D., and Dr. G. B. Longstaff, M.D., contributed 
a report of their joint entomological observations made in South 
Africa during the visit of the British Association in 1905, and gave a 
brief account of some of the points dealt with.—H. Rownanp-Brown, 
Fon, Sec. 


Tue Soutn Lonpon Entomotoeicat anp Narurat History Socrety.— 
May 9th, 1907.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.§S., President, in the chair.—Mr. 
Goulton exhibited a long bred series of Hybernia marginaria (pro- 
gemmaria) from Wimbledon.—Mr. Newman, a brood of living larvee of 
Aporia crategi, from Kentish ova; they were nearly full-fed.—Mr. 
Kaye, living larve of Oporina croceago, from Gomshall.—Mr. Tonge, 
bred specimens of Hupithecia consignata, from Hayling Island.—Mr. 
Main, lantern-slides, showing the metamorphoses of Charawes jasius.— 
Mr. Tonge, lantern-slides, showing the ova of various Lepidoptera and 
numerous instances of protective coloration.—Mr. Lucas, lantern- 
slides, showing rare plants.—Mr. Dennis, lantern-slides, showing 
varied aspects of trees.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


168 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History 
Society, 1906-7. Pp.i-xvi, 1-106. Platesi.-iv. The Societies’ 
Rooms, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. 


The entomological papers in this excellent little publication, the 
issue of which is always awaited with considerable interest, are “ A 
Few Notes on the Butterflies of Saskatchewan (Assiniboia),” by A. G. 
Croker and H. J. Turner, F.E.S., and ‘“‘On the Occurrence of 
Tortria pronubana, Hb., in Britain,” by R. Adkin, F.E.S. Two of the 
plates are reproductions of photographs, by Messrs. G. 'T. Lyle and E. 
Step, of moths at rest on tree-trunks. The protective assimilation is 
admirable in both, but in Plate i1., showing an example of Xylina 
ornithopus, the insect is, at first, more difficult to detect than is Aplecta 
nebulosa on Plate 11. Plate iii. shows a specimen of FHupithecia 
consignata at rest, and eggs—highly magnified—of the same species. 
These, together with greatly enlarged eggs of Aporia crategi and 
Pachetra leucophea, on Plate iv., are from photographs by Mr. A. E. 
Tonge. 

In his address, the President, Mr. Robert Adkin, after dealing with 
the affairs of the Society, some books on Natural History published 
during the year, and recent additions to the British Fauna lists, 
concludes with some highly interesting remarks on the abundance of 
certain species of Lepidoptera in Britain during 1906, and the question 
of immigration in relation to such species and others. 


OBITUARY. 


WE have heard with regret that Mr. Cuarnes J. Warkins, of 
Watledge, Nailsworth, died May 27th, 1907, aged sixty years. 

When quite young Mr. Watkins commenced to collect and study 
the British Lepidoptera, and this he continued to do throughout his 
life, although the other orders also received his attention. Side by 
side with entomology went the study of plant life, indispensable when 
a knowledge of the larval stage of insects became essential. Mr. 
Watkins thus was as keenly interested in the flora of the country as 
many botanists who confine themselves to this branch of natural 
science alone. Patient, methodical, and completely absorbed by the 
main business of his hours of leisure and relaxation, he accumulated 
a large collection of insects. He took great interest in directing 
youthful energy into what he considered profitable channels. In this 
way he formed a wide circle of friends, by no means confined to the 
immediate neighbourhood in which he lived. For many years he 
knew and worked with the late Mr. Merrin, of Gloucester. He gave 
valuable assistance in the preparation of ‘ The Fauna of Gloucester- 
shire’ by the late Mr. C. Witchell. Among articles from his pen may 
be mentioned ‘“‘ Denizens of an Old Cherry-tree.’”’ He was elected a 
Fellow of the Entomological Society of London in 1900. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vou. XL.] AUGUST, 1907. 


NOTES ON THE GENUS HUPITHECIA. 
By Lovis B. Prout, F.E.S. 
I. BrpuioGRAPHY AND SYNONYMY. 


-Norwitustanpinc the amount of good work that has been 
done at this fascinating genus, both by the past generation and 
the present, there is still room for much more, and especially 
there is need that what has been done should be more widely 
known. I do not pretend to have much to contribute which is 
original, but the notes—bibliographical, synonymic, and biono- 
mic—which I have been accumulating for years have at least put 
me in a position to call the attention of those who will read the 
following to various English references which have been over- 
looked by German workers, and vice versa. 

To begin at the beginning. The generic name, Hupithecia, 
’ Curt., is not to be supplanted by Tephroclystis, Hb., as has been 
‘done by Meyrick and Staudinger-Rebel. Curtis published the 
genus Hupithecia (with type linariata, Schiff., Fb.) on April 1st, 
_ 1825; Tephroclystis, Hb. (‘ Verzeichniss,’ p. 823) is now known 
. not to have been published before August 27th of that year, 
\more probably (as Hampson, Meyrick, and Aurivillius now 
accept, Proc. Int. Congress Zool., Cambridge, 1898, App. A., 
pp. 300, 802) not till 1827, or at earliest 1826. I advocated this 
retention of the name Hupithecia in the Trans. City Lond. Ent. 
\ Soe. x. 68, 1901, and the late Prof. Grote did so on somewhat 
different grounds* in the Allg. Zeit. Ent. vii. 470, in the follow- 
ing year. 

Eucymatoge, Hb. (Verz. p. 825, type togata, Hb.), may pro- 
visionally be used, as advocated by Meyrick and others, for the 
few species with the areole double, but I have serious misgivings 
as to its proving a really natural genus, especially as there 
\ ** Grote assumes the date of both to be 1825, and the actual priority to 


e undeterminable, and therefore follows the recommendation of the German 
Zoological Society’s Code in preferring the name which had a type specified. 


\ENTOM.—avGusr, 1907... Q 


170 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


is evidence that this character is variable in certain ‘‘ pugs” 
(cf. Dietze and Bastelberger, ‘ Iris,’ xiv. 140-1); im any case, 
the dissonant element incorporated by Meyrick (tersata, vitalbata, 
and allies) must be removed on larval and other characters, and 
form part of the genus Cenocalpe = Phibalapteryx. The British 
‘pugs’ which belong to Hucymatoge, according to Meyrick, are 
togata, subnotata. and scabiosata, and it needs a little faith to unite 
these, while isolating them from the rest, on larval characters ; 
perhaps togata alone would make a better genus. 

Chloroclystis, Hb. (Verz. p. 828, type coronata, Hb.) seems a 
valid genus, is accepted by Staudinger, and ought to be used in 
Britain for our three green species. The same remarks apply 
to Gymnoscelis, Mab., for pwmilata, except that this has not been 
accepted by Staudinger. It is interesting to observe that Mr. 
I’. N. Pierce, of Liverpool, who is examining the genitalia of the 
group, considers the harpes of Gymnoscelis pumilata to constitute 
it a group by itself, and also places Chloroclystis as separate from 
the main groups. 

As regards the synonymy of the species, some corrections 
which have been made by Dietze, Bohatsch, and others on the 
Continent, and accepted in Staudinger’s new edition, have not 
yet been introduced into any authoritative British list; whilst 
certain other necessary corrections have been made still more 
recently, or will be here made public for the first time. In this 
connection I shall include also several bibliographical emenda- 
tions which have escaped the notice of our German confreres, 
especially concerning our early British work at the genus. We 
Hinglish have been the worst of bibliographers, and I am really 
not surprised that at least four species, perhaps more, have not 
their original description cited in Staudinger’s ‘ Catalog,’ while 
some varietal names have been entirely overlooked. I shall not 
separate the British references from the non-British, but shall 
take the species in the sequence in which they occur in Stau- 
dinger. 

Hupithecia rederaria, Stndf. (1888).—Dietze has discovered 
that an older name applies here, namely, liguriata, Mill. (1884)— 
cited with a query as synonym of distinctaria, H.-8., Stgr.-Rebel, 
pt. i. p. 256. 

Kupithecia abietaria, Goeze.—Dietze has shown (‘ Iris,’ xiv. 
139) that this name really applies to togata, Hb., not to stroh- 
lata, Hb., ?Bkh., to which it has long been referred. German 
entomologists are now using abietaria in the corrected sense, but 
fortunately the familiar name of togata really stands unimpaired. 
Phalena Geometra abietaria, Goeze, 1781, was a homonym, in- 
validated by Geometra abietaria, Schiff., 1776 (=ribeata, Cl.), and 
the first valid name imposed was Hubner’s. 

Eupithecia insigniata, Hb.—Hiubner’s name (Beitr. i. pt. iv. 
p- 97) is at least two years older than Borkhausen’s consignata, 


NOTES ON THE GENUS EUPITHECIA. 171 


which is still used in Britain. . Sherborn’s ‘ Index Animalium ’ 
gives the date of insigniata as 1790, according to the title-page of 
vol. 11., but Staudinger is more likely right in giving 1792. 
Vol. 1. of the ‘ Beitrage,’ in four parts, was published in 1786, 87, 
88, 89, and it is unlikely that vol. 11., also in four parts, was 
completed in a single year, although its preface (dated 24th 
November, 1790) expresses a hope that this may be possible. 

Hupithecia venosata, Fb.—I have already pointed out (Entom. 
Xxxvil. 152) that the correct varietal names of the Shetland and 
Orkney forms are respectively var. fumose, Gregs. (= nubilata, 
Bhtsch.), and var. ochrace, Gregs. (= orcadensis, Prout), and I 
have nothing further to add on these. I shall be grateful if any 
reader of these notes can furnish me with the original reference 
for var. fumose, as the earliest which I have obtained (‘ Young 
Naturalist,’ viii. 111) does not give the impression of an original 
description, but at the same time I have sought in vain for an 
older one in the pages of the ‘Young Naturalist.’ Gregson also 
gave the name of var. bandane (‘ Young Naturalist,’ viii. 111) to 
the more variegated banded Shetland forms, with the white 
striz well marked, and the ground colour darkened between 
them. The ‘‘? var. schiefereri, Bhtsch.,” of Staudinger’s ‘ Cata- 
log,’ is, according to Bohatsch and Dietze, a valid species ; ce@ru- 
leata, Favre (F'n. Valais, p. 305), is a synonym (vide Mitt. 
Schweiz. Ent. Ges. x. 361). 

Eupithecia distinctaria, H.-S. — British entomologists have 
continued erroneously to call this species by its younger name of 
constrictata, Gn. The latter name first appears in a note by 
Doubleday in ‘ The Zoologist’ for 1856, pp. 5140, 5141, but as 
no description was given it must be reckoned a nomen nudum 
until Guenée’s work appeared in January to February, 1858 (not 
in 1857, as is invariably quoted from the title-pages). 

Kupithecia expallidata, Dbld., and EH. assimilata, Dbld.— 
These are usually attributed to Guenée (1858), but both were 
named and adequately described by Doubleday in 1856 (vide 
Zool. xiv. pp. 5140 and 5142). 

Hupithecia goossensiata, Mab., = minutata, Dbld., Gn., nec 
Hb.—tThe reference to Guenée in Staudinger’s ‘ Catalog’ should 
be preceded by ‘‘ Dbld., Zool. 1856, p. 5140,” but the name 
minutata, Schiff., properly belongs to absinthiata, and its later 
reference to the heath-feeding species is an error. If the name 
callune, Speyer (1867), is really referable to the same form, this 
is older than goossensiata, Mab. (1869), but there is still some 
doubt (vide Ent. Rec. xiii. 824). 

Eupithecia denotata, Hb.—It is now perfectly well known that 
this name, unfortunately, supersedes the suitable one of campanu- 
lata, H.-S. There is some ground, however, for believing that it 
is not quite so absolutely confined to Campanula as we have been 
inclined to suppose. I shall return to this presently. 

Q 2 


172 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Hupithecia vulgata, Haw.—There seems very little doubt that 
Hubner’s figure of austerata is really meant for this species, and 
that his name ought to supplant Haworth’s. 

Kupithecia virgaureata, Dbld.—The original reference to this 
name has been quite lost sight of, and it is generally stated to 
originate in Newman’s ‘ British Moths.’ But it was validly pub- 
lished several years earlier, namely, in ‘ The Zoologist’ for 1861, 
p. 7566. This is fortunate, as it will just save the familiar and 
appropriate name. It will be noticed that altenaria, Ster., also 
dates ostensibly from 1861,* and is given as a var. of virgaureata 
in Stgr. Cat. (one of several cases of ‘‘ the cart before the horse,”’ 
if his dates were correct). Iam, however, by no means satisfied 
that altenaria is co-specific with virgaureata, and regard the 
question as an open one. 

Eupithecia cauchiata, Dup. (not cauchyata, as spelt by Stau- 
dinger and Meyrick).—This species has never, to my knowledge, 
been taken in Britain; the name has crept into Meyrick’s 
‘Handbook’ through a misidentification of Guenée’s pernotata. 
This latter, according to the type-specimens, Staudinger declares 
to be an obscurely marked satyrata (ab. subatrata, Stgr., which 
should hence be known as ab. pernotata, Gn.). In any case, 
Doubleday’s unique British ‘‘ pernotata”’ is, as Barrett correctly 
determined, an aberration of this variable species (satyrata, Hb.). 

Hupithecia haworthiata, Dbld. (Zool. 1856, pp. 5139, 5141), 
Sttn. (Man.).—Here, again, the origin of the name has been 
overlooked, and it has been attributed to Stainton’s ‘ Manual.’ 
The name of isogrammaria, H.-S., rested on an error of determ1- 
nation, and must be dropped ; tsogrammaria, Tr., was plumbeo- 
lata, Haw. 

Hupithecia tenuiata, Hb.—Gregson erected a var. cinere from 
Morayshire (‘ Young Naturalist,’ ix. 104, 1888), which might be 
diagnosed as ‘‘ major, cinerascens, vix strigata.”’ 

Hupithecia inturbata, Hb. = subciliata, Dbld.—The name sub- 
ciliata first appeared in Doubleday’s 1856 article on the genus 
(Zool. xiv. pp. 5140, 5143), but even so it is far subsequent to 
inturbata, Hb., which has been rightly revived on the Continent 
(cf. Speyer in Stett. Ent. Zeit. xlii. 473; xlvi. 94). 

Eupithecia fraxinata, Crewe.—The original account of this 
was, I think, published almost simultaneously in two places—— 
Week. Ent. i. p. 1384 (6th December, 1862), and Ent. Annual 
(2? December, 1862). The question is of little importance, as the 
same name is used in both. 

Eupithecia dodoneata, Gn. — This name was mentioned by 
Doubleday in ‘ The Zoologist ’ for 1856, before Guenée published 
it; but it was only a nomen nudum, therefore of no standing. 


** The date of p. 7566 of ‘The Zoologist’ was about June, 1861; alten- 
aria appears in the Stett. Ent. Zeit. for October-December, 1861 (p. 401), 
hence probably published at the beginning of 1862. 


NOTES ON THE GENUS EUPITHECIA. 173 


Eupithecia sobrinata, Hb.— The Dover var. (or bon. sp. ?), 
which is usually spoken of as stevensata, Webb (a name never 
satisfactorily published), was named anglicata by MHerrich- 
Schaeffer in 1863 (C. B. Zool.-min. Ver. Regensb. xvii. 23), and 
must so stand in future lists. The interesting occurrence of a 
perfect specimen at Freshwater (Entom. xxxvili. 161) seems con- 
clusively to point to some other food-plant than juniper. Accord- 
ing to Venables’ ‘ Guide to the Isle of Wight’ (p. 488), Brading 
Down, many miles from Freshwater, ‘‘ boasts of the single shrub 
of juniper yet found in the Isle of Wight, and it, like the yew its 
neighbour, may have been planted.” 


II. Succenturtata, INNoTATA, AND ALLIES. 


There are one or two other questions of the possible specific 
identity of pairs of allies which have not yet been adequately 
discussed ; and, again, a few other perennial questions of the 
same kind, which it seems in vain to answer unless workers 
will take more pains than at present to acquaint themselves with 
the existent literature. 

In this latter category I would place the succenturiata-subful- 
vata question, although I do not wish to be dogmatic, or to 
ignore the statement of Heylaerts (Tijd. Ent. xvi. 146) that he 
once took the two forms in cop. The subject has recently been 
reopened in this country by my friend Mr. E. M. Dadd (Ent. 
Ree. xviii. 261), who treats the species named as a “ puzzling 
group ” which still wants clearing up. He depends chiefly on the 
experience of Herr Herz, who on one occasion bred both species 
from larve beaten from yarrow, and could not, or did not, sort 
out his larve; also on the testimony of the eminent specialist, 
Herr Dietze, which, however, seems only to have reached him 
second-hand. Dietze published a fine plate of the various forms, 
with notes thereon, in the ‘ Iris’ of 1906 (vol. xix. pl. iv. pp. 121— 
126), and treats all as making one variable species. In the text 
occurs this very definite statement: ‘‘ That these are a single 
species is no longer mere conjecture, but has been demonstrated 
by anatomical investigation.” He does not adduce the evidence, 
the article being mainly concerned with the variations figured, 
which are considered to show pretty complete gradations, though, 
to my eyes, the darkest succenturiata (ab. disparata, fig. 7), with 
the white persisting below the discal dot, is entirely different from 
the lightest forms of subfulvata (figs. 19 and 21), with at least a 
tinge of rust-colour in that position. I wrote to the author, 
pointing out that in Britain the two were abundantly distinct 
species, and had been differentiated as larve and pupe, as well 
as imagines, and asking for further particulars of the biological 
evidence on which he relied. I received a very courteous reply, 
in which he informed me that Herr Petersen, of Reval, had found 
the male genitalia indistinguishable, and that his own long 


174 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


experience of the larve had shown him no structural difference, 
while the coloration of succenturiata larve changed entirely when 
the food-plant was changed from Artemisia or Tanacetum to 
flowers of Achillea. He added that Dr. Draudt’s careful work at 
the eggs (vide ‘Iris,’ xviii. 808) had also failed to educe any 
differential characters, although that author found more indi- 
vidual variation in both than in any other species of the genus. 
I may remark here that Mr. J. Gardner, of Hartlepool, admits 
that ‘‘in beaten larve I certainly would not undertake to say 
whether they were those of H. succenturiata or EH. subfulvata,” 
although his experience satisfies him that they are two species 
(Int. Rec. xix. 24). Herr Dietze recognizes (in the letter just 


M 
i 


SUCCENTURIATA, SUBFULVATA. 


referred to) a pupal difference, but remarks that a similar varia- 
tion in the colour of the wing-cases occurs in /. absinthiata. As 
regards the genitalia, however, my old friend and colleague, 
Mr. I’. N. Pierce, is entitled to have his say, as he is such an 
authority on this particular study. Although he freely admits 
that the differences are very slight, he is able to venture a fairly 
definite statement (an litt., 29th January, 1907), as follows :— 
“T examined subfulvata and succenturiata many years ago, and 
only last night, now that I know the parts better, am I able to 
say definitely there is a difference. I enclose a rough sketch of 
the largest of the three teeth processes,* and am also sending for 


* This sketch is reproduced in the accompanying cuts, by Mr. Pierce’s 
permission. 


LIFE-HISTORY OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR VAR. RUTILUS. 175 


you to see the preparations, from which I think you will see there 
is a difference in all three [processes], but most noticeable in the 
largest one.” I forwarded the “rough sketch” to Herr Dietze, 
and he agrees that it shows a difference which, if constant, should 
be specific. I need not here refer to the work done by Crewe and 
Hellins nearly half a century ago (Zool. 1861, pp. 7796, 7797 ; 
Ent. Ann. 1861, p. 180; 1862, pp. 42-44; 1863, p. 126, &c.), 
except to recommend it to the notice of our Continental friends ; 
for we in Britain have been, more or less, familiarized with it 
through Newman’s, Buckler’s, and other books. Much more 
recently (1895-96) a number of interesting notes appeared on the 
subject in vol. ii. of the ‘Entomologist’s Record’ (pp. 43, 83, 87, 
109, 197, 254), which brought out that, although the food-plants 
are not always different—mugwort, tansy, and yarrow suiting 
both species*—every other circumstance favours the absolute 
distinctness of the two. I would especially emphasize Mr. Shel- 
don’s observations (pp. 197-198), including the pupal differentia- 
tion ; the pupa of subfulvata, from an experience of thousands of 
examples, is shown to be rich red, with the wing-cases somewhat 
lighter and inclined towards buff; while that of swccenturiata has 
the abdomen dark buff, inclined towards brown, and the wing- 
cases of a decided olive-green. 


(To be continued.) 


LIFE-HISTORY OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR 
VAR, HO LEGS: 


By F. W. Frouawk, M.B.O.U., F.E.S. 
(Concluded from p. 146.) 


BeroreE first moult the larva measures 3 in. long, of a pale 
semi-transparent yellowish green. They continually shift their 
quarters, never remaining to feed in the same place long. The 
first moult took place on June 26th, the first stage lasting only 
five days. 

Before second moult it is 3%; in. long. The whole formation 
is similar to the first stage; the segments are boldly humped 
dorsally, the sides flattened and sloping, the body being some- 
what depressed; the dorsal surface forms a gentle curve from 
one end to the other, the ventral surface is flattened. The dorsal 
hairs, which are now more numerous, are much stouter and 


** Readers who possess a copy of Barrett’s ‘ British Lepidoptera’ should 
make a small correction in vol. ix. p. 58. I did not tell Mr. Barrett that H. 
subfulvata fed willingly on the blossoms of the garden chrysanthemum, but 
on the leaves; E. succentwriata can also be reared on chrysanthemum- 
leaves. 


176 | THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


shorter in proportion; they are pale with brown tips, and the 
base of each is amber-brown ; several minute hairs are dotted 
over the side, about ten on each segment on either side; all the 
hairs are serrated. The spiracles are rather prominent and 
brown ; behind each spiracle are two pale false spiracles, only 
slightly darker than the ground colour. The head is very pale 
greenish yellow, with black eye-spots and brown mouth-parts ; 
the entire body, including the legs and claspers, is of a pale 
green, and the whole surface finely cellular. They feed chiefly 
on the under side of the leaves, and when moulting usually lie 
along or quite near the midrib. 

Second moult, July 2nd, the second stage also lasting five 
days. 

Before third moult it measures 2 in. long, similar to previous 
stage in general structure excepting several additional hairs, and 
it is studded with white clubbed processes resembling frosted 
glass. The colour is a clear light green, with slightly darker 
green medio-dorsal and lateral longitudinal lines and oblique 
side stripes. The head is shining pale ochreous-green, eye- 
spots black, and mouth-parts brown. In this stage they per- 
forate the leaf, eating large holes all over it. 

Third moult and last, 7th July, the third stage also occupying 
only five days. 

After third moult, fully grown, it measures from 3 in. to 
i¢ in. long. The dorsal surface forms a complete curve from 
the first to last segment, and has no longitudinal dorsal furrow ; 
the sides are sloping to the lateral ridge ; the ventral surface is 
much flattened, overlapping the claspers and legs, completely 
hiding them; both the anterior and posterior segments are 
rounded and projecting, the former quite concealing the head, 
which is withdrawn into the segment while at rest; the body is 
widest at the fifth segment, the head is rather small, shining, 
and of a very pale ochreous greenish ; eye-spots black, mouth- 
parts brown; the segments slightly humped dorsally; the seg- 
mental divisions inconspicuously defined. The whole colouring 
is a clear brilliant green, with slightly darker markings showing 
in certain lights, of which the oblique side stripes and dorsal 
lines are the plainest; the spiracles are outlined with rust- 
brown. The entire surface is sprinkled with tiny pure white 
knobs on short stalks, resembling rough frosted glass formed 
almost exactly like young unexpanded mushrooms; also short 
spinous serrated hairs are densely strewn over the whole surface, 
the longest cover the dorsal and lateral regions, most have the 
apical half brownish, but many are extremely small and indis- 
tinct, being wholly green like the body. The surface is finely 
granulated, of a cellular pattern, the legs and claspers are closely 
united, being placed almost touching at the base of each pair, 
occupying a medio-ventral line. They are sluggish in their 


LIFE-HISTORY OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR VAR. RUTILUS. rey 


movements, crawling with a slow gliding motion, but eat vora- 
ciously, and grow rapidly. 

The first one pupated on July 12th, again occupying five days 
in the last larval stage. In each stage the first one was rapidly 
followed by the greater part of the large number I had under 
observation, so that the dates given apply to the majority. The 
larval state occupies only twenty-one days. 

Directly after pupation the colour is ochreous yellow, 
changing through greenish, and the markings gradually deepen- 
ing. All the markings are clearly defined in ninety minutes 
after pupating ; in twenty-four hours the colouring and markings 
are perfected. 

The pupa measures in length from 7% to 4 in., and } in. in 
width ; it is stout, dumpy, and rounded. Side view: the head 
is slightly angular, due to the ridge in front; thorax convex ; 
abdomen forms a complete curve to the anal extremity, which is 
ventrally much compressed, and clothed with cremastral hooks ; 
the ventral surface forms almost a straight line. Dorsal view: 
head rounded, swollen across the thorax, concaved in the middle ; 
abdominal segments swollen and rounded, widest at the third 
and fourth segments; anal extremity bluntly attenuated. Colour- 
ing of head, thorax, and wings pale ochreous; a dusky brown 
medio-dorsal longitudinal line; abdomen pale ochreous-brown 
dorsally, oblique yellow ochreous stripes bordered below by a 
dark brown band spotted with buffish white, two to three spots 
on each segment; rest olive-brown, blending into ochreous at 
the extremity ; spiracles prominent and whitish ; thorax speckled 
subdorsally with olive-brown. The whole of the head, thorax, 
and abdomen sprinkled with minute whitish floral vase-like pro- 
cesses, expanding into clefted petal-like formations surrounding 
the mouth of the vase; also the surface is covered with tiny 
circular discs, and raised dark brown and black reticulations of 
an irregular network pattern; also on the head are numerous 
minute white hairs with branching tips—the whole forming a 
wonderfully elaborated decorative surface. Before emergence 
the entire colouring deepens until the final coloration of the 
imago shows through the shell. It is firmly attached to a stem 
of the plant or under surface of the leaf by a girdle round the 
middle, and the cremastral hooks securely anchored to a pad of 
silk spun on the surface. 

The first (a male) emerged July 28rd, 1906, followed by a 
large number of both sexes daily, until the end of the month. 
About an equal proportion of sexes emerged. 

During the middle of August I received living females from 
Colmar, which deposited freely upon dock and sorrel. The eggs 
hatched at the end of August and beginning of September. They 
fed and grew much slower than the summer broods. During 
September they moulted once, and entered into hybernation in 


178 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the beginning of October. In December I examined the two 
plants upon which they hybernated, and found all those upon 
the living plant of dock (with plenty of green leaves) were dead, 
while a large number of those upon the plant that had died down 
with only brown shrivelled leaves were alive and apparently 
healthy, hybernating in the folds of the damp dead leaves. 
Before hybernating the larva gradually changes to a more or 
less lilac hue, which chiefly forms broad medio-dorsal, subdorsal, 
and lateral longitudinal bands, which are separated by more or 
less greenish stripes. 

This remarkable change of colour from pure green (a colour- 
ing retained unchanged throughout its existence in summer) is 
an instance of wonderful adaptation of protective colouring 
assumed entirely to harmonise with its surroundings while 
hybernating ; the dull lilac and greenish produce a most pro- 
tective combination of colour, and render the larva very incon- 
spicuous on the dead leaves. After hybernation and before the 
second moult they gradually lose the lilac colouring, and assume 
the normal green. 

On February 27th, 1907, I examined the plant, and noticed 
several alive; some were crawling actively about, and a few were 
on the under side of the young freshly grown leaves, while others 
were still hybernating in the folds of the dead leaves. 

Among the large number of specimens bred during last sum- 
mer great variation exists on the upper side of the females ; 
some have the coppery orange colouring suffused over the 
secondaries, with only faint dusky linear markings between the 
nervures, these wings appearing unicolorous with the primaries, 
and the latter with small dusky spots; others have secondaries 
of a uniform brownish black to the marginal coppery band, and 
with large spots on the primaries. Every gradation occurs 
between these two forms in the series bred, including the inter- 
esting gynandrous specimen figured on p. 145, which appears a 
very complete example of gynandromorphism, even as far as 
the antenne and genitalia; also the partial coloration of the 
abdomen. 

Upon microscopical examination I find the pupa of vayr. 
rutilus identical in structure in every detail to that of dispar, 
excepting the specimen measured of the latter is a trifle larger, 
measuring 3% in. in length. From the descriptions published 
(which are vague) of the larve of dispar, they agree with that 
of rutilus. Although I believe many entomologists still con- 
sider dispar a distinct species, there is not the slightest doubt 
that the latter is merely an isolated localized form, due to 
climatic conditions. 


179 


ON THE BRACONIDOUS CRYPTOGASTRES. 
By CuaupEe Mortey, F.EK.S., &c. 


Tue Cryptogastres form a small and natural group in the 
family Braconide, and are so often bred out of lepidopterous 
larve that perhaps a succinct account of them may not be out 
of place. I was led to look through the specimens in my collec- 
tion by the great number of individuals which were on the wing 
during last year, and, as some of these appear of unusual occur- 
rence, I have added a few notes on their habitats and time of 
appearance. The group, as a whole, may be at once recognized 
from all the other Parasitica by the dorsum of the abdomen— 
appropriately termed the ‘‘ carapace” by Marshall—being com- 
posed of but a single piece through the fusion of the three basal 
segments, though occasionally the sutures are more or less 
visible, always, however, connate and firmly soldered together, 
and never with a flexible connecting membrane, as in the 
Ichneumonide. They are all dull and rugose insects, usually 
black, though sometimes more or less testaceous or fulvous. I 
shall be very thankful at all times for bred hymenopterous 
parasites. 

The six British genera may be thus distinguished :-— 


(8) 1. Wings clouded; abdomen elongate (Chelonide). 
(5) 2. Abdomen dorsally trisegmented. 
(4) 38. Intermediate tibie strongly sinuate externally Puanrroroma. 
(3) 4. Intermediate tibie straight . : .  . SPHHROPTERYX. 
(2) 5. Abdomen dorsally entire. 
(7) 6. First cubital cell of upper wing entire. . CHELONUS. 
(6) 7. First cubital cell bisected by a nervure . . ASCOGASTER. 
(1) 8. Wings hyaline; abdomen subovate (Sigalphide), 
(10) 9. Second segment longer than third, two follow- 

ing visible . : : ; , : ALLODERUS. 
(9) 10. Second segment shorter than third, remainder 

concealed . : : : ; ; . SIGALPHUS. 


The usual distinctions between these two families seem to 
me too slight to be retained ; from the Chelonide, the Sigalphide 
is known by having three instead of two cubital cells (which does 
not hold in Ascogaster), and the reflection of the ventral borders 
and length of the concavity cannot be seen in carded specimens. 
Phanerotoma and Spheropteryx I have not met with, and but a 
single species of each—P. dentata, Panz.,* and S. irrorator, Fab. 
—occurs in Britain. Marshall gives a somewhat unsatisfactory 
table of the European Cheloni—or, I should perhaps say, treats 
them unsatisfactorily, since there is no table. He first presents 


* Since this was written I find that I swept a single Phanerotoma den- 
tata in Tuddenham Fen, Suffolk, on 27th August, 1906. 


180 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


all the males and females which will work in together, and then 
goes on with those males which will not so accommodate them- 
selves, ending with both sexes of Ascogaster, as forming a distinct 
division of the same genus, from which the central nervure 
bisecting the cubital cell forms a much better character than is 
often obtainable for superficially very distinct genera, e.g. 
Ascogaster and Sigalphus. 


CHELONUS, Jur. 


(82) 1. Tegule infuscate or black. 
(19) 2. Antenne of female more than 16-jointed ; male 
anus entire. ’ 
(4) 38. Abdomen mainly red. 1. westmeli, Curt. 
(8) 4. Abdomen black or only basally pale. 
5. Radius apically arcuate, and, in lower wing, 
centrally curved. 
(11) 6. Hind tibie basally, and base of their tarsi, red ; 
length, 5-6 mm. 
(10) 17. Parastigma infuscate ; frontal impression rugu- 


lose. 
(9) 8. Antenne centrally dilated and apically con- 

stricted , 5 . 2. inanitus, Linn. 
(8) 9. Antenne setiform throughout . . 8. submuticus, Wesm. 
(7) 10. Parastigma testaceous ; ‘frontal impression niti- 

dulous 5 . 4. speculator, Msh. 
(6) 11. Hind tibiz basally, and their tarsi entirely, 


black; length, 3-4 mm. 
(18) 12. Frontal impression rugose and not carinate 
5. corvulus, Marsh. 
(12) 18. Frontal impression nitidulous and centrally 


carinate. 
(15) 14. Abdomen immaculate; hind tibize broadly red 

centrally . 6. carbonator, Msh. 
(14) 15. Abdomen basally flavous ; tibice narrowly red 

centrally . 7. decorus, Marsh. 


(5) 16. Radius straight, and, in lower wing, basally 
curved and nearly straight centrally. 
(18) 17. Antenne 82-jointed, longer than body; size, 


3 mm. . 8. catulus, Marsh. 
(17) 18. Antenne 23- -jointed, not longer than body ; 

size, 24 mm. : . 9. pusio, Marsh. 
(2) 19. Antennz “of female 16- jointed ; 3 male anus api- 

cally cleft. 
(21) 20. Anal cleft nine times longer than broad 

10. risorius, Reinh. 

(20) 21. Anal cleft at most thrice longer than broad. 
(31) 22. Abdomen black ; size at least 2 mm. 
(26) 23. Head cubical and cheeks buccate. 
(25) 24. Prothorax elongate ; antenne 25-jointed 


11. secutor, Marsh. 


(24) 25. Prothorax normal; antenne of male 28-jointed 
12. extlis, Marsh. 


ON THE BRACONIDOUS CRYPTOGASTRES. 181 


(23) 26. Head transverse and cheeks normal. 
(28) 27. Femora of female entirely testaceous; male 
cleft, elongate. . 18. latrunculus, Msh. 
(27) 28. Femora mainly black ; male clett, transverse. 
(80) 29. Anus of female emarginate below: male an- 


tenne atleast 27-jointed . . 14. parcicornis, H.-S. 
(29) 30. Anus of female entire; male antenne at most 
25-jointed . . : . 15. sulcatus, Nees. 


(22) 31. Abdomen basally flavous ; size, ae mm. . 16. basalis, Curt. 
(1) 32. Tegule testaceous. 
(84) 33. Face of male obsoletely pubescent; female an- 


tenne 16-jointed. : : 17. dispar, Marsh. 
(83) 34. Face of male densely Bue female an- 
tenn 18-jointed : : 18. canescens, Wesm. 


Chelonus inanitus.x—The most abundant species of the whole 
group, occurring in meadows and marshy situations everywhere 
from 11th June to 12th September, but very rarely bred. I have 
but once bred it, and then from an unknown host, at Lowestoft. 
It is commonly swept from reeds, oats, &c., and frequents the 
flowers of angelica, heracleum, thistles, fennel, carrot, meadow- 
sweet, mallow, and Limoniwm statice. There are ninety-six 
specimens in my collection, taken at Parknasilla, in Ireland 
(Yerbury) ; Shere, in Surrey (Capron); Felden, in Herts (Pif- 
fard); Totland Bay, in Isle of Wight (Newbery) ; Tostock, Ben- 
acre Broad, and Southwold, in Suffolk (Tuck) ; West Runton, in 
Norfolk (Wainwright) ; Abinger Hammer, near Guildford (But- 
ler) ; Oulton Broad (Bedwell); New Forest (Miss Chawner) ; 
Rye, in Sussex (Donisthorpe) ; Reigate, Greenings, &c., in Sur- 
rey (Wilson Saunders) ; Hastings district (Bloomfield) ; Epsom, 
Ryde, and Lyndhurst ; Ringstead, Holme, and Burnham Thorpe, 
in Norfolk; and in Suffolk at Henstead, Claydon, Blakenham, - 
Baylham, Alderton, Foxhall, Barnby Broad, Southwold, Monks 
Soham, Burgh, Peasenhall, Farnham, Dunwich, Barham, Clop- 
ton, Bealings, Grundisburgh, and Bramford. 

C. speculator.—Mr. Albert Piffard has given me a female, 
which he took at Felden, in Herts. 

C. corvulus.—Certainly uncommon. I possess it from Green- 
ings, in Surrey, one in June, 1871 (W. Saunders); Felden, in 
Herts, two (Piffard); and Brighton, where I took a male on 
umbelliferous flowers, 28th June, 1897. 

C. carbonator.—Somewhat common; I have thirteen speci- 
mens. Piffard found several females at Felden, in Herts, and I 
swept the males commonly from Limonium statice at Holme, in 
Norfolk, in August, 1906; W. Saunders took a male at Reigate 
in July, 1872; and others have occurred to me in Suffolk, at 
Bamford, Foxhall, Blythborough (beneath growing dock-leaves), 
and Westleton (by sweeping), and upon angelica and other 
flowers, from 8th July to 5th September. 


182 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


C. secutor.—I swept one male in a marsh by the river at 
Brandon, in Suffolk, 25th August, 1906. 

C. latrunculus. —My four examples were captured by Dr. 
Capron at Shere, and Mr. Piffard at Felden. 

C. sulcatus.—The commonest of the small species, usually 
occurring in marshy situations. Harting, 11th September, 1899 
(Beaumont) ; ; Greenings and Reigate (W. Saunders) ; Felden, in 
Herts (Piffard). Lhave found it from 8th June to 9th September 
at Claydon, Brandon, and Barton Mills, in Suffolk, by sweeping, 
and at the roots of Senecio jacobea. Mr. E. R. Bankes bred five 
specimens from Asychna eratella, Zell., at Shoreham, Sussex, 
June 17th to 23rd, 1895. 

C. dispar.—The only specimen I have seen is a male, which 
was running swiftly among moss at Foxhall, near Ipswich, 13th 
September, 1903. 

AscoGasTteR, Wesm. 
1. Trochanters mainly red. 
(3) 2. Clypeus apically truncate and centrally mucronate 
1. instabilis, Wesm. 


(2) 38. Clypeus apically rounded or emarginate. 

(7) 4. Hind tibie basally black. 

(6) 5. Hind tibize white-banded centrally . 2. annularis, Nees. 
(5) 6. Hind tibie not white-banded . . 8. ratzeburgi, Marsh. 
(4) 7. Hind tibie basally red. 

(9) 8. Clypeus apically subbidentate; hind tarsi basally 


white . . 4. rufipes, Nees. 
(8) 9. Clypeus apically emarginate; tarsi falas rufidens, Wesm. 
ferruginous . : : 5 j 6. canifrons, Wesm. 
(1) 10. Trochanters black. 
(14) 11. Mesonotum distinctly apse 


(13) 12. Clypeus apically mutic . : 7. vartipes, Wesm. 
(12) 13. Clypeus apically bidenticulate . : 8. bicarinatus, H.-S. 
(11) 14. Mesonotum rugosely reticulate. 

(16) 15. Abdomen only basally testaceous . . 9. elegans, Nees. 


(15) 16. Abdomen not, or mainly, fulvous. 
(18) 17. Frontal impression deep and laterally bordered 
10. armatus, Wesm. 
(17) 18. Frontal impression shallow and not bordered 
11. quadridentatus, Wesm. 


Acrogaster instabilis.—Widely distributed. I possess several 
taken at Felden by Piffard; and single specimens at Ravens- 
craig, on 17th June, 1899, by Dalglish; and at Greenings, in 
Surrey, in June, 1871, by W. Saunders. 

A. annularis.—I have only seen one male, captured by Mr. 
Ki. A. Newbery in his house at Dartmouth Park, London, and 
thought by him to be probably parasitic on clothes-moths (it has 
been bred from Gicophora lambdella in Devon). 

A. rufipes.—Rev. C. D. Ash gave me one in June, 1902, which 
he had just bred from Aberdeenshire Huchromia flammeana ; 


ON THE BRACONIDOUS CRYPTOGASTRES. 183 


Piffard took several from Felden, in Herts; and I swept, on 
28th August, 1906, a specimen in Tuddenham Fen, Suffolk. 

A. rufidens.—A common species, taken by Dalglish at Irvine 
and Bishopton in July; by Piffard at Felden; by Rev. HE. N. 
Bloomfield at Guestling, in Sussex, in 1877; and by myself on 
umbelliferous flowers at Bildeston, in Suffolk, 30th July, 1898. 
This species has the clypeus apically tridentate, and not, as in 
A. canifrons, obsoletely unidentate centrally. 

A. variipes.—Not uncommon in damp spots. I took it in 
Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, 8th June, 1902; in Henstead 
marshes, Suffolk, by sweeping, 3rd July, 1906; and possess 
others from Felden, in Herts. 

A. armatus.—A rare and conspicuous species, of which I have 
only seen two examples, both taken in August; one at Reigate in 
1872 by Wilson Saunders, and the other by myself in Mr. Adams’s 
garden at Lyndhurst, on 8th, 1901. 

A. quadridentatus.—Very common. Mr. H.R. Bankes has thrice 
bred it: nine specimens emerged at Corfe Castle, Dorset, between 
June 20th and July 4th, 1901, from larve of Sericoris bifasciana ; 
one emerged in the same locality on June 26th, 1901, from (pro- 
bably) Acrolepia granitella; and between May 4th and 25th, 1900, 
sixteen were bred from larve of Lozopera francillonana, in stems 
of Ferula conmunis collected at Le St. Marguerite, Cannes, by 
Chapman the preceding spring. I have thrice received it from 
Dr. Chapman. On‘ the first occasion (1st June, 1900) about 
twenty were bred, with a single male of Bracon pectoralis, Wesm., 
from Lozopera francillonana at Cannes; secondly (29th April, 
1900), one emerged from the larval case of Psyche tenella var. 
zermattensis at Locarno or Cannes in March or April; thirdly 
(2nd May, 1900), one was bred at Cannes from the first-named 
host ; and, lastly (17th May, 1901), a single specimen emerged 
from a larva of both Lozopera deaurana and of L. francillonana. 
Tuck has captured it at Tostock, in Suffolk, 20th July, 1900; I 
have found it on umbelliferous flowers at Grundisburgh on 25th 
July, 1898, and swept it in Bentley Woods, 15th June, 1895 ; 
Wilson Saunders found it at Greenings, in Surrey, in June, 
1871; and Col. Yerbury, at Nairn, on 7th June, 1904. 


I have not met with the only British species of Alloderus— 
lepidus, Hal.—which may be known from the three other pale- 
arctic species by its rugose third segment, which is not centrally 
carinate, and by the antenne being at least 29-jointed, with the 
terebra as long as the abdomen. 


Sieaueuus, Latr. 
Head and thorax red_ . 5 ’ : : 1. thoracicus, Curt. 
Head and thorax black. 
Frons with inter-antennal tooth; abdominal sutures 
obsolete ‘ : ‘ : : é . 2. ambiguus, Nees. 


184 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Frons mutic ; abdominal sutures distinct. 

Second suture subobsolete; legsclear red . 3. pallidipes, Nees. 

Second suture distinct. 

Femora testaceous, rarely black-rayed. 

Antenne 29-jointed ; terebra as long as body 
4. caledonicus, Marsh. 

Antenne at most 26-jointed ; terebra shorter than body 

5. luteipes, Thoms. 
Femora black, rarely apically red. 


Antenne at least 27-jointed ; length, 3 mm. . 6. striatulus, Nees. 
Antenne at most 25-jointed ; length, 1 to 2 mm. 
Terebra longer than body . : ; F . 7. caudatus, Nees. 


Terebra much shorter than body. 
Abdomen broadest at the not apically striate third seg- 


ment 8. floricola, Wesm. 
Abdomen broadest beyond the re entively striate third seg- 
ment . 9. obscurellus, Nees. 


Only four ee are known to me, but they are all about 
equally common :— 

Sigalphus luteipes.—Taken by Mr. Tuck at Benacre Broad and 
Aldeburgh, in Suffolk, in August and September ; and by myself 
by sweeping at Bramford, and on angelica flowers at Kenton. in 
the some county; and at Ryde, in the Isle of Wight. 

S. caudatus.—Felden, in Herts (Piffard) ; Kilmore, in August 
(Beaumont) ; Greenings, in Surrey, July, 1872 (W. Saunders) ; 
Aldeburgh, in September (Tuck) ; Needham, Ipswich, and Clay- 
don, in Suffolk. 

S. floricola.—I have swept this species from reeds at South- 
wold, on the Suffolk coast, 28th September, 1900; Piffard has 
found it at Felden ; and Donisthorpe has bred it from the weevil, 
Ceuthorhynchus sulcicollis (cf. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1907). 

S. obscurellus.—Blackheath, in July and August, 1899 (Beau- 
mont); Reigate, in July, 1872 (W. Saunders) ; Aldeburgh, in 
September, 1899 (Tuck). 


Monks Soham House, Suffolk : 
2nd May, 1907. 


A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON SOME JAVANESE 
SACCHARICOLOUS THYSANOPTERA. 


By G. W. Kirxaupy. 


In 1890 W. Kruger described* Thrips sacchari and Phleo- 
thrips lucassentt. Two years later J. D. Kobus described 7’. ser- 
rata, binervis, and striatoptera,t and in 1898 Kobus reprinted his 

** * Ber. Versuchst. West-Java,’ Hefte land 2. + ‘Med. Proefst. Oost- 


Java,” No. 48. Both these probably published in the ‘ Archief voor Suiker- 
industrie,’ 1890 and 1892 respectively. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 185 


paper.* In 1899 Kruger rediscussed these species,+ including 
also some described by Zehntner in 1897. ‘These papers are not 
reported by the ‘ Zoological Record,’ or (apparently) by the 
‘Bericht der Entomologie,’ and the species were not included by 
Uzel in his monograph. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Note on tHe Dispersat or Burrerruies.—I was interested, when 
on the north-west coast of Madagascar, to have presented to me on 
the same day—May 26th, 1907—an instance both of the natural and 
what I may call the artificial means by which butterflies are dispersed. 
Regarding the latter, when the ship was loading some highly odorife- 
rous hides in Majunga harbour, about six specimens of Crenis mada- 
gascariensis, Boisd. persisted in flying about the ship, regardless of the 
crowd of passengers, the noise of winches, and general turmoil and 
confusion. They also flew down the hatchway through which the 
cargo was being passed, being, I presume, attracted by the smell of the 
hides. One specimen actually took up its position for the night half 
way down the hatch, was comfortably covered up and conveyed, I 
have no doubt, safely to our next port, Mayotte, one of the Comoro 
group, where we arrived early the following morning. No doubt it 
went ashore, and quite likely reproduced its species. The former 
method of dispersal was illustrated the same evening, when we were 
about twenty miles from Majunga, steering a little north of west. 
There was a fairly stiff westerly breeze, and just after sunset I noticed 
a large Papilio—black and yellow with very pronounced spatulate tails 
to the hind wings—being driven by the wind over the ship. The 
butterfly kept head to wind, and made no attempt to battle against it, 
but allowed itself to be carried along, merely keeping a certain height 
above the water. There was a full moon at the time, and it was a 
beautiful starlight evening, and I have no doubt the butterfly arrived 
safely at some point on the Madagascar coast during the night. It 
must have come at least one hundred and fifty miles, 7. e. if it came 
from any of the Comoro Islands. I do not know whether any such 
butterfly occurs on any of these islands (I did not observe it at 
Mayotte), and if it does not it must have come from the east coast of 
Africa, across the Mozambique channel, a distance of some two or 
three hundred miles. I may mention that some years ago a fine 
specimen of Papilio hector came on board our steamer at 9 p.m., the 
evening before we arrived at Colombo. I have in my collection a 
Specimen of Euplea gondoti, captured at Flacq on the east coast of 
Mauritius. It is a species peculiar to Réunion, and quite unknown in 
Mauritius. This insect was in all probability carried by the wind from 
the one island to the other; though the extreme rarity of such an 
occurrence is shown by the fact that, though of a tough constitution 
and well able to withstand rough usage, it has not succeeded in 


Ret Bijlage Arch. Java-Suikerindustrie,’ 1898, 154-8, figs. 1-4. 
+ ‘Das Zuckerrohr und Seine Kultur,’ 320 and 390-6, figs. 52-5. 


ENTOM.—avuGusT, 1907. R 


186 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


establishing itself in Mauritius. When we consider, however, that 
the island is only thirty-six miles in expanse, and therefore a mere 
speck in the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean, the chance of an 
involuntary migrant from Réunion, though only one hundred miles 
off, landing safely in Mauritius is exceedingly remote. I have also a 
mangled male specimen of H. bolina, which was taken close to the 
harbour of Port Louis; it probably came in some steamer, possibly 
from the Seychelles. I have only seen one other Mauritius speci- 
men, which is a female, and it also was taken close to the town.— 
N. Manpvers; Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C. 


Tae Hawauan Enromoxtoeicat Society. — Founded in December, 
1904, and the first regular meeting held in January, 1905, this little 
society has already published three parts of its ‘ Proceedings,’ amount- 

‘ing to 112 pp. and 2 plates; while Part 4, with about 40 pp. and one 
or two plates, is in the press. The society has the distinction of being 
the only entomological society—or at least the only one publishing— 
outside of Europe and North America. Its principal object is the 
study of Hawaiian insects, though other topics are not neglected. 
The most interesting papers in Part 3 are (1) by Dr. Perkins, describ- 
ing a new species of Proterhinus from Samoa, this isolated genus being 
only known from the Hawaiian Islands previously; (2) by O. H. 
Swezey, describing a new genus of Asiracide, Dictyophorodelphaa, 
with enormously elongate head, resembling that of certain Dictyo- 
phorine. 


Note on tHe Larva or ScorosiA rHAMNATA, Schiff.—When ex- 
amining the leaves of a buckthorn-bush near Midhurst last summer, 
I discovered two nearly full-fed larvee of this species. In colour they 
closely resembled the larve of Gonepterya rhamni, L., and rested in a 
similar manner on the upper side of the leaf along the midrib, holding 
on near the base of the leaf with the claspers, slightly arching the 
abdominal segments away from the leaf, and bending down the 
thoracic segments so as to touch the leaf again at the apex. They 
are not easy to see, as they assimilate so well with the general 
appearance of the leaf, and even when seen may easily be passed over 
as larve of G. rhamni. The first moth emerged on 5th July and the 
second the day following.—H. Lronarp Sicu; Midhurst, July, 1907. 


PoRTHESIA CHRYSORRH@A.—Reading Mr. Adkin’s note (p. 164, antea) 
on the distribution of this species, I recall that when I was at school 
at Folkestone, and during the summers of 1877, and I think also 1878, 
we used to come across the larve in some numbers. I have forgotten 
the exact locality, but if my memory serves me rightly, it was some- 
where along the lower Sandgate Road; probably in the underwood of 
the little copses near to the sea which were then apparently just 
planted. I have never collected in the neighbourhood since, and it 
would be interesting to hear whether the migrants of subsequent 
generations have established themselves in or near the old haunt. In 
‘La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes’ notices have recently been 
published of the abundance and also of the disappearance in some 
localities of chrysorrhewa across the Channel in France.—H. Rownanp- 
Brown; Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald, July 8th, 1907. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 187 


Tue Tropnonius Form or Parinio cenea.—From notes by Roland 
Trimen, F.R.S., &c., and G. A. K. Marshall, F.E.S. and myself, in my 
paper on P, cenea, Trans. Ent. Soc. of London, December, 1904, page 
687, I fancy the proportion of the above form of the female has been 
underestimated, and I think a report of the captures, &c., of this form 
during the end of April and up to the 18th of May may be of sufi- 
cient interest to record. I have been taking careful observation 
myself, and also asked the following collectors to let me know of their 
captures of this rare form, and they are as follows :—April 27th, saw 
one at Umbilo, near Durban, G. F. Leigh. May 5th and 138th, 
captured one at Durban, G. F. Leigh. May 18th, saw one in the 
town, Smith Street, Durban, G. F. Leigh. May 5th, captured three, 
Overport, Durban, A. H. Clarke. May 8rd or 4th, seen by Mr. A. D. 
Millar, in Ridge Road, Durban. May 3rd, captured on the Bluff, 
Durban, Mr. Green. May Ist, captured by Mr. Berensberg, Durban. 
This is all Ihave heard of, but no doubt other collectors, not known 
to me, have also taken specimens. It seems to me that this is a very 
unusual number to be accounted for in about a month, but probably 
my asking these gentlemen to let me know how many they took 
caused them to be more keen in hunting up this insect. It might 
easily be mistaken on the wing, no doubt, for Danais chrysippus, unless 
a careful look-out was kept. I have seen several of the specimens 
mentioned and only two of them were varieties. Both were slightly 
damaged, the one taken by Mr. Berensberg, and the one taken by 
myself on May 138th ; both have brown markings in the white spots at 
the tip of the fore wings. The specimen seen by me to-day in one of 
the busy streets in town must have flown out from the Albert Park, 
where this species is fairly common at certain times of the year.— 
G. F. Leien; Durban, Natal, May 18th, 1907. 


On tHe Discovery or THE Foop-puanr or Acretinia (BuckLERta) 
paLupuM, Zell.—F ew entomological problems have resulted more satis- 
factorily than the finding out of the food-plant of this pretty little 
moth. It has been a problem of much interest to myself, having 
*worked at it for many years, though its solution is entirly due to Mr. 
Eustace Bankes, who fortunately obtained the practical skill of Dr. 
T. A. Chapman in finally working out the full proof of the problem’s 
solution. Aciptilia paludum had, by the year 1886, become practically 
a lost British insect, when it was found in fair abundance by myself 
and my sons in a small bog on Bloxworth Heath.* The moth 
occurred here regularly every succeeding season, as well as, less 
abundantly, later on in the Isle of Purbeck, where it was met with by 
the Rev. C. Digby and by Mr. Eustace Bankes. Of course our 
ambition now was to find out its food-plant and manner of life. We 
gradually exhausted the list of plants growing where the insect 
appeared ; all our efforts, however, to guess, or to pitch upon, the 
right plant, whether by accident or design, failed for nearly twenty 
years. There remained, however, one plant—the sundew (Drosera)— 
whose likelihood to be the true one certainly never crossed our minds ; 


* See ‘ Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field 
Club,’ vol. viil, p. 57, Pl. ii. fig. 4, 1887. 


188 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


though Mr. Bankes tells me that it did occur to him some few years 
ago, but only to be dismissed at the time as an untenable idea. 
Probably there was scarcely then an entomologist living who would not 
have at once almost scouted the idea that this plant could in any way 
furnish food for the larve of such a delicate little insect; a plant so 
apparently, by its peculiar powers and predilections, inimical to insect- 
life. Another circumstance also tended to prevent the discovery of 
the larva, inasmuch as no female of this moth had ever, certainly in 
our experience, been found to have laid any eggs after capture. How- 
ever, matters went on with the problem still unsolved, from 1886 to 
1904, when, on the 20th of August in that year, Mr. Bankes came 
over to Bloxworth to endeavour to obtain the insect once more in its 
original haunts, if haply he might get females, and obtain a batch of 
eggs, with a view to experimenting upon the larve with the unlikely 
sundew. Mr. Bankes that evening captured a number of the insect, 
among them being several females, from one or more of which a few 
eggs were obtained. Plants of several kinds were put in for the 
moths to lay their eggs upon, among the plants a stem of Drosera, 
and only upon this such eggs as were obtained, or at any rate most of 
them, were deposited. The eggs were at once placed by Mr. Bankes 
in Dr. Chapman’s hands, with a supply of sundew, and the succeed- 
ing efforts and unwearying care bestowed upon the problem by Dr. 
Chapman are related at great length by himself in his paper on the 
subject in the ‘ Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,’ 
1906, pp. 138-154, Pl. vii. One of the most curious facts arising out 
of the rearing of this insect was that the part of the sundew which 
one would have supposed would be carefully avoided by the minute 
and delicate larvee was the very part specially devoured by them, that 
is the glutinous secretion with which the foliage of the plant is 
furnished, and with the aid of which it is wont to supply its own need 
of insect-food. With the clue thus given, by Mr. Bankes’ efforts, 
larve were found in the following May (1905) by Dr. Chapman, in the 
Kisher district of Surrey, upon the sundew growing there, and from 
these, towards the end of June, the perfect insects were bred. Thus,, 
though Mr. Bankes’ larvee failed to produce the perfect moth, the find- 
ing through his clue by Dr. Chapman of others in their natural state, 
and the rearing of the insect from them, has settled this very interest- 
ing twenty-year problem. — O. Pickarp-Camsripce ; Bloxworth, June 
25th, 1907. 


THe Hnromonocican CLtus.—A meeting was held on March 19th 
last, at 27, Hereford Square, S.W., the residence of Mr. A. J. Chitty, 
the host and chairman of the evening. The other members present 
were Messrs. Adkin (R.), Donisthorpe, Hall (T. W.), Porritt, and 
Verrall. There were also fourteen visitors. 

On the invitation of Mr. G. T. Porritt, of Huddersfield, a meeting 
was held at the ‘Hand and Spear’ Hotel, Weybridge, on July 8th 
last. Seventeen sat down to supper, including the following mem- 
bers :—Messrs. Adkin (R.), Chitty, Donisthorpe, Hall, and Porritt. 


189 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


AMPHIDASYS VAR. DOUBLEDAYARIA IN NorTHAMPTONSHIRE.—It may 
interest readers of the ‘Entomologist’ to know that a female 
specimen of Amphidasys betularia doubledayaria was picked up here a 
few days since.—N. Cuartes Roruscuip; Ashton Wold, Oundle, 
Northamptonshire, July 10th, 1907. 


SEsIA ANDRENIFORMIS Brep.—From a small faggot of mined sticks 
of dogwood that I collected, quite a large number of parasitical flies 
have come forth, but, I am pleased to add, one example of S. andrent- 
formis also. The latter emerged on July 18th last.—J. OvENDEN ; 
Frindsbury, Richester. 


CouiAs EDUSA IN THE IsLE or WicHt.—I saw a specimen of C. edusa 
to-day, June 28th. The butterflies have not appeared to be numerous 
yet. Amongst those observed are the following :—Pamphila sylvanus, 
Cupido minima (common), Lycena icarus, L. bellargus, Callophrys rubt, 
Pieris brassicae, P. rape, P. napi, Euchloé cardamines, Vanessa to, 
V. urtice, Pyrameis cardui, P. atalanta, Pararge megera, P. egerta 
(both common), Cenonympha pamphilus.—Joun Wricut ; Freshwater, 
June 28th, 1907. 


Spuinx convotvuyi in Iste or Wieut.—On July 9th, at Ventnor, 
I took a specimen of Sphina convolvuli which, no doubt, had 
been brought here by the high wind which had been blowing 
on the two previous days, but the date is surely an early one 
for its capture. This appears to be a very disappointing season 
for entomologists, a week’s collecting in Parkhurst Forest showing 
meagre results. Usually I have found Limenitis sibylia very abun- 
dant there at this date, but I only saw one. The lateness of the 
season would scarcely be sufficient to account for this. Argynnis paphia 
was flying, but not common. Generally I have taken 4. aglaia and 
A. adippe, but none were to be seen. Melanargia galathea only in small 
numbers. In previous seasons I have done well in Parkhurst Forest. 
It would be interesting to know how collectors have fared in other 
parts of the country—Awpry Dosriz; Udney Hall, Teddington, 
July 19th, 1907. 


Puusia Moneta AT Burton-on-Trent.—It may be of interest to note 
that Plusia moneta has turned up here. I do not know how far north 
it has yet extended in England, but I imagine it is by no means 
common yet outside the southern counties. I have in my possession 
another specimen reported to have been taken here six years ago, 
but [had regarded it with some suspicion as probably a southern speci- 
men.—A. C. Haywarp; The Croft, Repton, Burton-on-Trent, July 5th. 


CH#ROCAMPA CELERIO IN Norra CornwaLn.—Whilst on a visit to 
the North Cornish coast during the latter half of June, I had the 
pleasure of taking a fine specimen of Cherocampa celerio on the 
evening of the 20th, about 11.30 p.m. I found it resting on the 
flowering stem of sorrel. It does not appear to be an immigrant, 
as its condition is perfect. G. B. Oxiver; Tettenhall, Wolver- 
hampton, July 16th, 1907. 


190 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Nore on DiANTHG@CIA LUTEAGO VaR. FICKLINI.—Last year a female of 
Dianthecia luteaygo var. jficklini, captured in Cornwall, deposited three 
eggs ina chip box. The larve hatched, and were fed on the flowers 
of Silene maritima until the first moult, and having to leave the 
district, I put them out on an isolated plant, and in November I got 
the son of the people with whom I had stayed to dig up the whole 
plant and search among the roots for pupe. One was found, and the 
moth, a female, emerged on the 14th inst. The colour of the larva, 
when small, is a dirty white, with a well-developed plate on second 
segment, and a brown head. The pupa is similar in colour and shape 
to that of D. conspersa.—G. B. Ourver; Tettenhall, Wolverhampton, 
July 16th, 1907. 


Srauropus Fact In WarwicksHirE.—On June 15th 1 took a fine 
female specimen of this moth, at 6 p.m., at rest on a sycamore trunk 
in Princethorpe Wood, near Rugby. I believe this to be the first 
imago of this species taken in Warwickshire, the only previous record 
being a larva taken by a Rugby schoolboy some years ago.—HusBeErr 
Lanetey; Narborough House, Leamington. 


Papinio macHaon 1N Nortru Lincounsuire.—I have to note the 
occurrence of Papilio machaon near the shore at Tetney, North 
Lincolnshire, in July, 1906.—F. W. Sowersy, R.N. 


SOCIETIES. 


THe Sourn Lonpon Entomoxoeicat anp Natura History Sociery.— 
Thursday, May 28rd, 1907.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.8., President, in the 
chair.—Mr. Brown exhibited (1), varieties of Z’rachea piniperda from 
Oxshott, in some the red markings were dominant and in others the 
green; (2), a dark Agrotis exclamationis from Folkestone; and (38), 
a very light A. puta from Deal.—Mr. Ashby, a long series of the ant- 
beetle, Zhanasimus formicarius, from Oxshott, where it had occurred 
commonly. 

Thursday, June 18th, the President in the chair.—Mr. West, of 
Greenwich, exhibited the rare Coleopteron, 7’riplaa lacordairet, and the 
uncommon Hemipteron, Verlusia rhomoidea, both from Darenth.—Mr. 
Tonge, a living larva of Jssoria latona, reared from an ovum sent fro 
Hyérés by Dr. Chapman.—Mr. Henry J. Turner, a specimen of Tine 
cloacella just taken in Greenwich Park, and the living larve o. 
Coleophora discordella, sent by Mr. Wilkenson, of Workington.—Dr. 
Chapman, (1) living larvee of Calocampa exoleta, and remarked on 
their curious custom of feeding on stale food-plant; and (2), varieties 
of Papilio machaon, in one of which the costa of the fore wings wa. 
much more arched than usual towards the apex, and in the other the 
black inner line of the dark submarginal band was wanting and 
the black basal circle of the ocellus was absent. Several species 
of larve were noted as having the same habit as C. ewvoleta and in 
their final instars voluntarily changing their pabulum. 

June 27th, the President in the chair.—Mr. Sich reported he 


SOCIETIES. 191 


had just seen a living specimen of Amphidasys betularia in Montague 
Street, W.—Mr. R. Adkin exhibited specimens of Hesperia malve var. 
taras, from near Hailsham.—Mr. West (Greenwich), three rare species 
of Coleoptera from Darenth Wood, viz., Cryptocephalus 6-punctatus, 
Apoderus coryli, and Byctiscus betuletit.—Mr. Carr, the remarkable pupa 
of Hylophila bicolorana, which was taken during the Society’s field 
meeting at Fetcham Common.—Mr. Schooling, (1) a variety of 
- Huchelia jucobee having the apical spot united with the submarginal 
blotch ; (2) a variety of Bapta temerata having the two dark costal 
markings closely approximated; and (3), short bred series of Melanthia 
albicilluta and Boarmia abietaria.—Mr. Main reported that, in the Isle 
of Wight, he had met with a few Melitea cinvia and had obtained ova. 
Cupido minima and Agriades bellargus were also flying. He noted the 
females of the latter species as being unusually blue.—A discussion 
took place as to the green tinge apparent in many white Lepidoptera 
for a short time after emergence.—Mr. Adkin reported that he had 
just bred Tortrix pronubana, and thus proved it to be double-brooded. 
Probably it was continuously brooded in its usual habitat.—Mr. Adkin 
then gave a short account of the Congress of the 8. E. Union of 
Scientific Societies, held at Woolwich from June 12th to 15th.—Hy. J. 
Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


City or Lonpon Enromotocican Society. — May 7th, 1907.— 
Rev. C. R. N. Burrows exhibited Acronycta auricoma, ex Sabine 
collection, labelled Abbots Wood, but undated; also Teniocampa 
stabilis ab. pallida (Tutt), Mucking, 1903, Mamestra anceps ab. renardii 
(Bdo.), Mucking, 1902, and ab. ochracea (Tutt), Rainham, 1896, and 
hybrid (?) Oporabia dilutata x christyi—My. J. A. Clark, Anarta 
cordigera, Rannoch, 1906.—Mr. A. W. Mera, larve and imagines of 
Oporabia autumnaria and O. christyi.—Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor recorded 
the occurrence of imagines of Anarta myrtilli, Hesperia malve, and 
Saturnia carpini in Reigate district on May 5th. 

May 21st.—Melanippe fluctuata was the special feature of the 
evening, and series from various localities were exhibited by several 
members; var. costovata was sparingly represented in most of the 
series, showing that the form is generally distributed, but does not 
seem to show any tendency to form a local race.—Mr. J. A. Clark 
exhibited a particularly fine series, including most of the named and 
some as yet unnamed forms, while Mr. Prout showed allied species 
‘ollected in all parts of the world.—Other exhibits were as follows :— 
Tr. S. J. Bell, larvee of Polia chi in last stadium, bred from Yorkshire 
iva.—Mr. J. A. Clark, Aleucis pictaria, bred from ova laid by Epping 
Morest female.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, ova of Gonepteryx rhamni, 
which he had observed to be generally found in groups of three 
or more on a single leaf; as he found that these batches -usually 
rvatched simultaneously, he suggested that the female evidently lays 
nore than one ovum on a leaf, this being contrary to what he believed 
to be the general impression.—Mr. L. W. Newman, larve of Argynnis 
‘aphia in penultimate stadium, bred ab ovo; also pup of Aporia 
‘vrategi, bred from ova laid by East Kent female.—Mr. J. Riches, 
Imost full-fed larvae of Polia flavocincta.—S. J. Butu, Hon. See. 


192 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Additions to the Wild Fauna and Flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, 
Kew. III. Lepidoptera. By A. Lanauey Simmons. (‘ Bulletin 
of Miscellaneous Information,’ No. 5, 1907.) 


Worxine out the fauna and flora of a small, well-defined area— 
always an interesting process—promises for Kew Gardens to prove of 
special interest. Within the bounds of the Gardens no great acreage 
is enclosed, yet 1t is wonderful how rich and varied a fauna has already 
been found existent therein, and at present the lists of species noticed 
for most groups of animals can be described as “ preliminary” only. 

In the contribution before us we have thirty-one pages of matter, 
illustrated by one plate—a flash-light photograph of a ‘‘ sugar-patch ”’ 
with eight specimens of Noctua xanthographa. Mr. A. L. Simmons, 
with Messrs. G. Nicholson and A. Sich as coadjutors, must have 
worked hard during 1906 to add 228 species to the previous list of 
Lepidoptera. The newly-discovered species comprise 2 hawk-moths, 
2 Notodonts, 1 Liparid, 44 Noctuids, 46 Geometers, 28 Pyralids, 
43 Tortrices, 60 of the Tineina, and 2 of the Micropterygina. Some 
of the most noteworthy additions are:—Tvriphena subsequa, Caradrina 
ambigua, Plusia moneta, Aspilates citraria, Chilo phragmitellus, Pandemis 
dumetana, Chrysoclista linneella, Scythris chenopodiella, Yponomeuta 
vigintipunctatus, and Adela cuprella. Mr. R. South was asked to 
examine the insects before the list was finally compiled. 

Systematic work throughout the year was the means of achieving 
so fine a result. The insects were sought for in all stages, and most 
of the methods in use by collectors were employed to entrap the perfect 
insects. ‘* Sugaring”’ was tried from April to the end of October, and 
in the latter part of the period with success; ‘light’? was more or 
less a failure. Not a few cases of ‘‘ melanism” are recorded, and 
these are specially interesting in this instance ; but whether it is well, 
while the cause of melanism is under discussion, to state definitely 
that the soot of the Metropolis is the cause of it, seems a little open to 
question. It is unfair, perhaps, to call attention to the only misprint 
seen—jacobea (for jacobeez) on page 157. Wid t 


The Insect Hunter’s Companion. By the Rev. JosrpH Greens, M.A. 
Being Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Butterflies, 
Moths, Beetles, Bees, Flies, &e. Revised and extended by A. B. 
Farn. Fifth Edition. London: West, Newman & Co. 1907. 


Ir we desired to adversely criticise this modest little volume, we 
should do so on the lines that it does not adequately represent up-to- 
date knowledge. On reflection, however, we recognize the fact that 
whatever information happens to be available at the present day has 
been largely acquired by those who may very possibly have started 
their entomological studies under the guidance of books such as this. 
Further, we appreciate the reviser’s observations in the preface to this, 
the fifth edition, where he remarks ‘‘ that it has been sought to leave 
untouched, as far as possible, the information as first given’’; and, 
again, ‘‘I should wish that the memory of the late Rev. Joseph Greene 
should live long, not only with his contemporaries, but that it should be 
transmitted through many generations of entomologists yet to come.”’ 


THE HEN TOMOLOGIST 


Vor. XL.] SEPTEMBER, 1907. [No. 532. 


VARIETY OF MELITA‘A ATHALIA var. EOS, Haw. 
By F. W. Frouawk, M.B.O.U., F.E.S. 


THE accompanying figures represent a very beautiful variety 
of Melttea athalia which I had the pleasure of capturing on 
June 23rd last, in Sussex. As will be seen by the drawing, the 
black basal markings of the primaries are intensified and 
suffused, and are almost absent over the rest of these wings 
except the dark marginal band; excepting the small indistinct 
discal spot, a submarginal series of fulvous spots and a streak 
of the same colour along the inner margin, the secondaries are 
wholly blackish. The under surface is unusually handsome ; 
the primaries have two large discal black spots and bold black 
bars through the central area, and a submarginal series of 
small black spots; the secondaries have the basal portion boldly 
marked with black and fulvous, a broad, plain, creamy-white, 
median band, followed by series of fine black crescents and 
fulvous spots, and a submarginal row of small dusky lunules on 
a bright straw-yellow ground colour. All the fulvous colouring 
is particularly bright and rich. The specimen is in very perfect 
condition, apparently emerged just previous to capture. 

In the ‘Entomologist’ for June, 1877, vol. x. p. 145, are 
figures of both upper and under sides of an almost identical 


ENTOM.—SEPTEMBER, 1907. Ss 


194 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


variety of this species, with accompanying notes by the late 
Mr. §. Stevens. This particular specimen was captured one 
hundred and four years ago (1803) ‘‘ at Peckham, near London,” 
by Mr. Howard, and recorded in the old Entomological Society’s 
Proceedings, and figured in J. F'. Stephens’s ‘ Illustrations of 
British Kntomology,’ vol. 1. 1828, and copied into Humphrey’s 
and Westwood’s ‘ British Butterflies,’ 1841, pl. 8, figs. 18, 14; as 
these works are scarce, Mr. Stevens considered it desirable that 
fresh figures of the insect should be given in this journal thirty 
years ago. He states, at the sale of Haworth’s collection in . 
1834, which contained the specimen in question, it was bought 
by Dr. Ashburton, whose collection was likewise sold a few 
years afterwards, when Mr. Stevens then purchased it, and at 
the sale of the first portion of his fine collection at Stevens’s 
auction-rooms, on March 27th, 1900, the specimen again changed 
hands. On comparing the illustrations of the two varieties, the 
one I now figure is apparently the most beautiful and extreme 
form of this variety, being further removed from typical athalia, 
and on the under side the secondaries are perfectly symmetrical 
as regards markings, whereas in the figure published by Stevens 
the markings do not correspond on these wings. 


NOTES ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF DIGNE. 
By Grerarp H. Gurney, F.E.S., &e. 


Arter having been abroad, at Hyéres, for three weeks during 
April of this year, I had not expected to have been on the Con- 
tinent again until July ; however, owing to a variety of circum- 
stances, | found I should not be able to leave England either 
during July or August, but was able to get away for three weeks 
in June, which sudden change of arrangements rather, for the 
moment, upset my summer plan of campaign. However, this 
was not of such an elaborate nature but that after a little con- 
sideration I was able to adapt myself to circumstances, and 
decide that my three weeks abroad—or, at any rate, a part of it 
—should be spent at Digne; and so, after the long and rather 
tiring journey vid Lyons, Grenoble, and Veynes, I found myself 
deposited, with my luggage, on the platform at St. Aubau Station 
at four o’clock on the afternoon of June 4th, where, after a short 
wait of fifteen minutes, another train slowly trundled me on for 
the short remaining half-hour it takes to get to Digne. I found 
a comfortable room reserved for me at the ‘Boyer Mistre Hotel,’ 
and, after a wash and a change, I went a short stroll before 
dinner. ‘The evening was glorious and very warm, and my 
hopes rose with the thought of the rarities to be caught on the 
morrow, and also with the charm, which never lessens, of once 


NOTES ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF DIGNE. 195 


again being in the dreamy South, and in pursuit of my favourite 
hobby. It was six o’clock, and therefore I did not see very many 
insects during that first walk. <A bit of wall facing south, which 
had been thoroughly well ‘‘baked”’ by the sun during the day, 
was the sleeping place of five or six Pararge mera, which allowed 
themselves to be pill-boxed without any difficulty; and further 
along, where a gateway was let into the wall, two fine ‘ tigers,” 
a male Rhyparia purpurata and a splendidly marked Arctia 
fasciata, were resting on the door, both in excellent condition. 

Next day (the 5th) broke clear and cloudless, and the weather 
for the remainder of my stay at Digne was, with the exception of 
two days, when it poured in torrents without stopping, of the 
most perfect description—continual brilliant sunshine without a 
break day after day, though the wind generally got up about 
one o’clock—so that it was well to be up and on one’s ground 
as early as possible. I do not think very many entomologists 
choose to go to Digne at the beginning of June; May or July and 
August are much more favourite times. In June one is, so to 
speak, between two broods—the spring things are going over, 
and the summer insects are not yet out. This year it has been 
a very late season all over the South of France; the extremely 
cold and wintry spell of weather which there was at the beginning 
of March finished off the effects of a bad winter, and delayed the 
emergences of the butterflies, and Digne was as behindhand as 
everywhere else; so that I found many things which in an 
ordinary season would have been worn to rags still in fairly good 
condition. Leucophasia duponchelt was plentiful and generally 
distributed, flitting hither and thither wherever it could find 
some shade. Many of the males were in excellent condition, 
and showed but little signs of wear. A few L. sinapis were fly- 
ing with them. Three females of L. duponcheli, which | had 
caged over a collection of Vicias, Lotus corniculatus, and Lathyrus 
pratensis, in the hope of getting ova, were one morning exposed 
to the direct rays of the sun, and although it was still early, and 
they were not in the sun for more than five minutes, yet it was 
sufficient to kill them all, so delicate are they. This was un- 
fortunate, as they were the only females I came across. Cupido 
sebrus was fairly common in one or two places—?.e. on the 
Dourbes Road, where the first track begins to ascend the moun- 
tain after leaving the Octroi, and in the Kaux Thermales Valley, 
where they were flying about in company with Mveres argiades ; 
but by June 6th they were beginning to show distinct signs of 
wear. They varied somewhat in size, one male being an exceed- 
ingly small one. 

Another of the special butterflies at Digne was Melitea deione ; 
this was not uncommon, and, as it was in good condition, I was 
able to get a nice series of this most interesting Melitea— 
renewing an acquaintance with the Rhone Valley form, ‘‘ berisal- 


s2 


196 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ensis.” Other insects observed on my first day’s walk along the 
Dourbes Road, over the ridge of La Collette and back by the 
Cemetery, included Carcharodus lavatere, Pyrgus sao (common), 
Chrysophanus dorilis, Cupido minima, Nomiades cyllarus (ex- 
tremely abundant, but quickly going over, though some of the 
females were still presentable), N. melanops, Polyommatus bellar- 
gus, with fine ‘‘ ceronus-like’’ females (if such a term is per- 
mitted), P. corydon, P. hylas, Rusticus argyrogognomon (rather a 
fine form), one Thecla spini (just out), Thais medisicaste, Par- 
nassius apollo, Huchloé euphenoides, Melitea aurima with var. 
provincialis (abundant but passé), M. phabe, M. cinaia, M. 
didyma, Polygonia egea (worn), Limenitis camilla (very common 
and in most beautiful condition), and Hrebia evias. This latter 
butterfly I found fairly plentiful wherever I went round Digne, 
its slow flopping flight making it appear to be an easy insect to 
catch, but it has an irritating way of flying along over some im- 
possible bit of ground, just out of reach of the collector’s net, 
where it seems to know it is perfectly safe. It was a good deal 
worn, and in bad condition, though the females were fresh ; on 
the Dourbes, a week later, I found it quite fresh, and it must 
emerge a good fortnight later there than it does at Digne. 

On the ridge of the hill behind Le Bleone, I found Anthocharis 
tagis var. bellezina. It was very local, indeed; in fact, I only 
took it in one place right at the top, and it was very far from 
common ; of the six specimens I took, only three were fresh 
enough for the cabinet, and the others, being males, were re- 
leased. Although there were several Anthocharis belia var. 
ausonia flying in the same place, I found no difficulty in dis- 
tinguishing bellezina from them on the wing, their extremely 
small size alone rendering them unlike anything else. I found 
it a few days later—on the 16th, to be exact—much commoner 
about half a mile to the west of the little village of Villars, half- 
way up the Dourbes. Here I was able to take a short series of 
seven or eight specimens in good order, with two females, and 
should have got more only they flew very swiftly over an ex- 
tremely bad bit of ground, where one’s only chance of success 
was to stand still and intercept them as they flew quickly by. 
The females, which are considerably larger than the males, are 
much more difficult to distinguish from ausonia, not only when 
flying, but even when dead I find considerable difficulty in 
separating the two species to my satisfaction. 

Far and away the best collecting-sround, when I was at Digne, 
was the Haux Thermales Valley, and the little lateral valley 
which runs into it about half-way up. Here I found LE. argiades, 
swarms of P. bellargus in all the glory of first emergence, together 
with a good many P. corydon and P. hylas, Lycena arion, a few 
worn P. baton, Thecla ilicis, with ab. escult (very abundant after 
the 15th of June), Colias edusa, C. hyale, Argynnis adippe, 


NOTES ON THE DIURNI OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AISNE. LS 


Brenthis euphrosyne, Melitea athalia, C. dorilis, C. alciphron var. + 
gordius (very fresh and fine), Cenonympha arcania (abundant and 
in the pink of condition), and a splendid black-banded form of 
Melanargia galatea var. procida. 


(To be continued.) 


SOME FURTHER NOTES ON THE DIURNI OF THE 
DEPARTMENT OF AISNE (FRANCE). 


By W. G. SuHeupon, F.E.S. 


Tue few days I had spent in the Forest of Villers Cotterets, 
which is situated in this Department, in 1906 (see ‘ Kntomologist,’ 
vol. xl. p. 75), made me wish for further acquaintance with the 
district, and learning from Monsieur Brown that the woods 
in the neighbourhood of Laon were good for certain species, 
including Limenitis popult, which | especially wanted, I journeyed 
thither on the 19th of June last, accompanied by Messrs. P. W. 
Abbott and EK. F. §. Tylecote. 

We stayed there until June 28th, and afterwards spent five 
days in the, Forest of Villers Cotterets, returning to England on 
July 4th. The weather throughout was unpropitious there, as 
everywhere in Western Europe, with but little sun, and we were 
only favoured with two really good days. 

With the exception that some species, including Apatura iris 
and a ilia, which we hoped to obtain during the last few days of 
our stay, did not appear at all, the season did not seem to be a 
late one; at any rate, not so much so as was the case in 
England, and a number of species were quite up to date. 

Limenitis populi was not uncommon near Laon, where we 
obtained by hard work and much walking some fifty specimens 
during our stay; two examples were also netted at Villers 
Cotterets. The majority were var. tremule, and intermediates 
between that variety and the type; of my series of sixteen 
specimens, three are typical, some half-dozen are var. tremule 
or near it, and the remainder intermediates. 

The habits of the imago much resemble those of the Apatu- 
ride ; they are to be seen flying over the tree-tops at a height 
of thirty to forty feet, and they come down at intervals, in the 
roads running through the woods, settling on horse-droppings 
and moist spots, and on cold dull days they have a habit of 
settling on the dry white road, I think, for warmth. 

The flight is much slower and heavier than that of the 
Apaturide, though they can fly fast when startled; they are 
very sluggish when settled on the ground, allowing the net to be 
placed over them, and in some cases to remain so for several 
seconds before they attempt to rise. 


198 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The only Apatura seen in any stage was a pupa of A. ilia, 
which I spied suspended from the under side of a leaf of Populus 
tremula, and which produced a male example of the var. clytie 
after my return to England. 

Another interesting species observed was Melitea maturna, 
which was not infrequent and in fair order, though a fortnight 
earlier would have been a better time for the majority of the 
specimens captured. M. maturna in this district frequents 
chiefly woods that have had the undergrowth cut a few years 
back; the flight very much resembles that of Vanessa urtice, 
which it is easy to mistake it for on the wing; it is very partial 
to settling on a bush, and from thence taking a short, rapid, 
hovering flight, returning to the same bush and twig and settling 
again. 

In the marshes Chrysophanus hippothoé was in great numbers, 
and of both sexes, in the finest condition; the females were very 
variable, some of the examples being very brightly coppered, 
whilst others were almost black, with very little copper on the 
upper sides. Amongst my captures of this species was a male 
example without the principal row of ocelli which obtains in the 
type on the under sides of all wings. Nomiades semiargus was 
abundant in the marshes, and in the finest condition. Melitea 
aurinia was also abundant in the marshes, but passé. 

In the woods Aporia crategi occurred plentifully, and ex- 
amples of Leucophasia sinapis were observed; Limenitis sibylla 
was very abundant and fresh ; Melitea athalia and M. dictynna 
were common generally ; Pararge achine flew abundantly in the 
shady rides; Hrebia medusa was frequent, but almost all the 
Specimens were past their best ; Thecla pruni flew round bushes 
commonly; Brenthis ino was very abundant everywhere, and 
was in the finest condition, with plenty of females; Canonympha 
arcania flew freely by the sides of the rides; Grapta c-albwm 
was just emerging as we came away. Thecla w-albwm would 
doubtless have been abundant later on, but the only example 
actually observed was a pupa found by myself on the under side 
of an elm-leaf. 

The larve of Vanessa urtice and V. io swarmed on every 
patch of nettles. Hesperia alveus was frequent and freshly 
emerged. A newly emerged specimen of Thecla ilicis was taken, 
and one each of Brenthis dia and Pararge mera. One small 
locality produced a few specimens of Nomiades cyllarus in fine 
condition. 

Broods of Vanessa polychloros larve had been abundant on 
poplar and elm, and a few late larve were taken. The pupx 
were to be found hung up under projecting copings of walls, &c. ; 
and one found by Mr. Abbott attached to a grass-stem was at 
least one hundred yards from any possible food-plant. 

The larve of Araschnia levana were to be found on their food- 


NOTES ON LYCAINA ARGIADES. 199 


plant nettle not infrequently. The broods numbered from thirty 
to a hundred specimens each ; the majority at the latter part of 
our stay were full-grown, but others were still very small. Those 
brought home pupated and emerged as var. prorsa, with a few 
var. porima, and intermediates, between July 20th and the end 
of the month; some, however, are remaining over, and will, I 
suppose, emerge next spring as the typical form. 

From the examples bred I selected a dozen pairs, which I 
confined in a large gauze cage in the garden, introducing the 
food-plant and some flowers for them to feed upon. I observed 
two pairings, and eventually obtained seven batches of ova. 
The method of ova-depositing of this species is very unusual and 
interesting. The female affixes herself firmly to the leaf of a 
nettle—apparently without much preference as to which surface, 
for, of the seven batches of ova obtained, four were on the under 
side, and three on the upper side of the leaf; she then deposits 
an ova on the leaf. The ova are barrel-shaped and ribbed longi- 
tudinally ; one end of the barrel is attached to the leaf. She 
next deposits another ova on the other barrel-shaped end of the 
first ova, and on this second ova another one, until there is a 
row of ova of from nine to twenty projecting from the leaf, 
approximately, at right angles from its surface. She then forms 
other rows, until the number of rows is from five to ten, and the 
number of ova in each batch from forty to one hundred. I can- 
not say whether the female deposits all her ova on one leaf, or 
if, after she has deposited one batch, she goes to a second or 
third leaf, but I am inclined to think the former is the case. 
The ova, when deposited, are bright green, but after a few days 
they turn dull yellow-green, and then a day or so before emer- 
gence black. The length of each ova is about half a millimetre, 
and thus the rows of ova vary from five to ten millimetres in 
length. 

A few examples of the imago of the spring and typical form 
were flying in the woods at Laon in not bad condition, con- 
sidering that they must have been on the wing some six or 
eight weeks. 


NOTES ON LYCHiNA ARGIADES, Pau = AMYNTAS, 
Huey. 


By Tue Hon. N. Cuarues Roruscuitp, M.A., F.L.S. 
M. Cuartes Opertuur published rather more than twelve 


months ago an interesting note on the above-mentioned insect,* 
which we translate in its entirety. The note reads as follows :— 


* «La Feuillee des Jeunes Naturalistes,’ Quatriéme Série, No. 429, p. 149, 
ler Juillet, 1906. 


200 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


“ Lycena amyntas and coretas. Two very distinct seasonal forms of 
Lycana amyntas occur in Brittany. The spring form is smaller than 
the summer one. ‘The female of the former has the wings on the 
upper surface more or less dusted with blue, whilst the upper surface 
of the wings of the female which emerges in the months of July and 
August is quite black, the hind wings having a small orange spot im- 
mediately above the tiny tail. In Brittany both the spring and 
summer forms have two or three small yellow marginal spots on the 
under side, which are more strongly marked in the summer race. 
Finally, in Brittany the two seasonal forms of amyntas present a 
striking peculiarity in respect to their habitats. In May this Lycena 
oceurs in the meadows and grass rides in the woods, while in July it 
is practically confined to the heaths where the heather is high. I am 
inclined to consider that the two seasonal forms of amyntas occur in 
the whole of the west and south-west of France as they do in Brittany. 

“Tn the Hastern Pyrenees, where we have collected more than sixty 
specimens, some in the spring and some in the summer, the female is 
invariably black above, without the orange marginal spot on the hind 
wings. Both sexes, moreover, lack the yellow marginal spots on the 
under side. As in Brittany, the summer is generally larger than the 
spring form, and sometimes the tail of the hind wings is wanting. 
This is the Lycena coretas of Ochsenheimer and Gerhard. Iam inclined 
to think that coretas is a distinct species from amyntas. I have speci- 
mens of both amyntas and coretas from the Basses Alpes. In the 
neighbourhood of Digne these two Lycenas are found in the same 
localities, but in the Eastern Pyrenees (Villefranche-de-Conflent and 
Vernet-les-Bains) and in the neighbourhood of Rennes they seem to 
inhabit different localities. 

“« Amyntas is distributed over Manchuria, China (Chang-Hai), and 
in Japan. Coretas, however, has not been found in Asia. 

‘‘From Yunnam I possess a new variety (or possibly species) of 
which the male has broad black margins to the fore wings. 

‘In France it would be interesting to record the localities where 
amyntas and coretas occur together and separately. I appeal to the 
kindness of the readers of ‘La Feuille’ to inform us on this point. 

‘* Hubner has figured under the numbers 319, 320, and 321, under 
the name of tiresias, coretas of Ochsenheimer and Gerhard. 

“The same author has figured amyntas forma estivalis under the 
numbers 322, 323, and 324.” 


The names used in the above article are not those of the last 
edition of Staudinger and Rebel’s ‘Catalogue,’ in which work 
tiresias of Hubner is given as a synonym of polysperchon, Berg. 
If this view be correct, tiresias must be a name for the form with 
the yellow marginal spots on the under side, the spring genera- 
tion of argiades = amyntas, and not of coretas of Ochsenheimer. 

Mr. Oberthur refers to two most interesting but quite different 
points, the first being that the spring and summer broods of 
argiades = amyntas occur in quite different localities; and the 
second, that argiades = amyntas is a distinct species from coretas. 
The occurrence of the two broods of the same species of butter- 


CURRENT NOTES. 201 


fly in quite different localities seems worthy of further investi- 
gation, and I should be interested to know to which form the few 
known British examples of L. argiades belong, and also if these 
examples can be referred to argiades proper or to coretas. 


CURRENT NOTES (New Sepiss). 
By G. W. KirKawpy. 


1. Arnsuiz, C. N.: “Notes on the Swarming of a Species of 
Cranefly,” Can. Ent. xxxix. 26-8 (January 12th, 1907). 
Diptera. 


2. Banks, N.: ‘A Revision of the Tyroglyphide of the United 
States,” Bull. U. 8. Ent., techn. ser. 13, pp. 1-34, pls. 1.-vi. 
(November 14th, 1906). Arachnida. 

3. Cops, N. A.: “ Fungus Maladies of the Sugar Cane, with 
Notes on Associated Insects and Nematodes,’ Bull. 
H.S. P.A., Pathol., v. 1-208, figs. 1-99, pls. i.—vi. [inelud- 
ing Report by L. Lewton-Brain] (November, 1906). Dip- 
tera, Coleoptera. 

4. Davis, W. T.: “Insects as the Food of Squirrels,” Can. Ent. 
xxxix. 16 (January 12th, 1907). 

5. Dyar, H. G., and Knas, F.: ‘‘ The Larve of Culicide classi- 
fied as Independent Organisms,” J. N. York H.S8. xiv. 169— 
230 (December, 1906). Diptera. 

6. Escurrick, K.: ‘‘ Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Thysanuren, 
i.” Zool. Anz. xxx. 737-49, figs. 1-5 (October 16th, 1906). 

7. Furumr, C.: ‘“‘Some Remarks upon the Mahambanen- 
dhlwana Mystery,” Natal Agr. J. ix. 837-41 (September 
28th, 1906). Lepidoptera. 

8. GauLunH, J. pe: ‘ Catalogue Systematique et Biologique des 
Hymenoptéres des France,” Feuille Jeunes Nat. xxxvi. 137— 
41, 162-4, 178-80, 189-92; xxxvil. 9-13 and 34-6 (July 1st- 
December 1st, 1906). 

9. Grrauut, A. A.: ‘ Trichogamma pretiosa, Riley. Oviposi- 
tion—a Résumé,”. Psyche, xili. 137-48 (December, 1906). 
Hymenoptera. 

10. Gossarp, H. A., and Houser, J. §.: ‘‘The Hessian Fly, 
Mayetiola destructor, Say,” Bull. Ohio Agr. Sta. 177, 
pp. 1-40, plate, text-map, and figs. 1-2 (August, 1906). 
Diptera. 

11. Krrraupy, G. W.: “ Notes on the Classification and Nomen- 
clature of the Hemipterous Superfamily Miroidea,” Can. 
Ent. xxxviii. 369-76 (November 6th, 1906). 

12. Li&carnuon, A.: “Sur la ponte des ceufs et la vie larvaire 
des Tabanides,” A.S. E. France, Ixxiv. 20-8, pl. 1. (1905). 
Diptera. 


202 


ihe 


14. 


15. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Lucas, R., Wanpouueck, B., and Kunueatz, T.: ‘ Bericht 
uber die Wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der 
Hntomologie wihrend des Jahres 1901” [{11. pt. 2), pp. i- 
viii and 913-1584 (1906). 

Maruatt, C. L.: ‘‘The San Jose or Chinese Sceale,’”’ Bull. 
U. 8. Ent. 62, pp. 1-89, pls. 1.-ix. figs. 1-12 (December 5th, 
1906). Hemiptera, Coleoptera, &e 

OsHanin, B.: ‘* Verzeichnis der Palewarktischen Hemipteren 
mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verteilung im Rus- 
sichen Reiche i. Heteroptera i. Lief. Pentatomide—Lyge- 
ide,’ Yezh. Zool. Mus. Imp. Akad. Nauk [Petersburg], x1. 
pp. i-lxxiv and 1-398 ; and ii. Homoptera I. Lief. p, 1-192 
(1906). 


. Perkins, R. C. L.: ‘‘ The Insects of Tantalus,’ P. Hawaiian 


K. §. i. 88-51 (December 1st, 1906). 


. Ip.: ‘“* A new Method of Relaxing and Cleaning Specimens,”’ 


op. cit. 52-3. 


. Peyprimuorr, P. pe: ‘ Recherches sur la Faune Caverni- 


cole des Basses-Alpes,” A. 8. E. France, Ixxv. 20-22, one 
map 


. Ip.: ‘‘ Considérations sur les Origines de la Faune Souter- 


raine,”’ op. cit. 223-33 (July, 1906). 


. Pretssecker, C.: ‘‘ Kin Kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntnis des 


Tabakbaues im Imoskaner Tabakbaugebiete,” Fachl. Mitt. 
Osterr. Tabakreg. i. 1-87, figs. (1905). 


. Ritny, W. A.: ‘“‘A Case of Pseudoparasitism by Dipterous 


Larve,’’ Can. Ent. xxxviul. 413 (December 10th, 1906). 


. Ip.: “Some Recent Work on the Development of Hyme- 


nopterous Parasites,” Ent. News, xviii. 9-11 (January, 
1907). 


. Scuuurz, O.: ‘‘ Gynandromorphe Makrolepidopteren der 


Palaarktischen Fauna,” Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) xx. 214-5 
(December, 1906). 


. Scouster, W.: ‘‘Crioceris . . . . Biologisches,”’ Jahrb. 


Nassau, Ver. Nat. lix. 145-52, figs. 1-11 (1906). Coleoptera. 


. ScourFrieLD, D.J.: ‘‘ Mendelism and Microscopy,” J. Quekett 


Mier. Club (2), ix. 8395-422 (November, 1906). 


. Sturaua, A. J.: “Zur Kenntniss der Parasiten der Trich- 


opteren,” Zeit. Wiss. Insektenbiol. xii. 382-6, figs. 1-3 
(December 380th, 1906). 


. Surru, A. H.: ‘‘ Note on Stereo-photo-micrography,” J. 


Quekett Micr. Club (2), ix. 429-80, figs. 1-2, plates 31-3 
(November, 1906). 


28. Soar, C. D.: ‘Notes and Observations on the Life His- 


tory of Fresh-water Mites,’ op. cit. 359-70, pls. 26-80 
(November, 1906). Arachnida, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, 
Diptera. 


. Swezey, O. H.: “Life History Notes and Observations on 


CURRENT NOTES. 203 


Three Common Moths,” P. Hawaiian E. §.i. 58-8 (Decem- 
ber Ist, 1906). Lepidoptera. 

30. Terry, F. W.: “ Increase of the Antennal Segments in the 
Forficulids, Chelisoches morio (Fabricius) and Forficula 
auricularia, Linneus,” op. cit. 58-9 (December Ist, 1906). 
Orthoptera. 

31. Wurrz, G. F.: ‘‘The Bacteria of the Apiary, with Special 
Reference to Bee Diseases,” Bull. U. 8. Ent., techn. 14, 
pp. 1-50 (November 6th, 1906). Hymenoptera. 

32. Wintem, V.: ‘‘ Une Observation sur le Macroglosse,” A.S. HK. 
Belg. 1. pp. 418-20 (December 31st, 1906). Lepidoptera. 

33. Wituiston, 8S. W.: ‘Some Common Errors in the Nomen- 
clature of the Dipterous Wing,” Psyche, xii. 154-7, fig. 
(December, 1906). 

34. Ip.: “ The Classification of the Culicide,’’ Can. Ent. xxxviil. 
384-8 (December 10th, 1906). Diptera. 

35. Wiuson, J.: ‘Report of the [U.S.A.] Secretary of Agri- 
culture, 1906,” 1-112 (1906). 

36. XamBru, —: ‘‘ Mceurs et Metamorphoses des especes du 
Genre Silpha,” Le Nat. xxviii. 264-6 and 277-9 (November 
15th and December 1st, 1906). Coleoptera. 

37. [anon]: ‘‘An Abstract of Bulletin No. 30, about some In- 
jurious Insects,” Imp. Agr. Exp. Sta. in Japan, pp. 1-11 
(March, 1904). Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepido- 
ptera, Hymenoptera. 

38. ‘Experiment Station Record.’ xvii. Nos. 1-4, containing 
pp. 1-400 (September—December, 1906). 


The U. 8. Experiment Station Record (88) has entered upon 
its eighteenth volume. It is issued monthly, and includes brief 
summaries of the papers on economic entomology published 
throughout the world. 

The ‘ Bericht der Entomologie’ for 1901 has now been com- 
pleted (13). Though greatly delayed, it is treated in great deal, 
occupying 1584 pages as against 374 in the ‘ Zoological Record ’ 
for that year. 

The Report of the United States Secretary of Agriculture (35) 
deals with entomology on pp. 70-7, and especially with the intro- 
duction of beneficial insects. The systematic introduction from 
Kurope of parasites to cope with the Gypsy Moth and Browntail 
Moth has been at last started, and success has apparently attended 
the initial efforts. 

The thirtieth bulletin of the Japanese Imperial Agricultural 
Station was written entirely in Japanese, but a summary in 
Kinglish has been issued. Eleven coloured plates of meta- 
morphoses accompanied the original. The following insects 
were discussed :— \ 

1. HMnaria lewisi, Scott, pl. i., a Cimicid bug which damages 
rice. 


204 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


2. Tipula parva, Low, pl. u., a dipteron whose larve destroy 
the seed-grains of the rice plant by gnawing the young plants 
just below the surface of the soil. 

3. Jathesia chrysographella, Moore, pl. iii., a lepidopteron 
injurious to rice. 

4. Nematus sp., pl. iv., a sawfly injurious to pear-trees. 

5. Apriona rugicollis, Chevr., pl. v., a beetle-pest of the mul- 
berry. 

6. Diaspis patelliformis, Sasaki, pl. vi., a Coccid pest of the 
same. 

7. Porthesia auriflua, Hubn., pl. vii. 

8. Hemerophila atrilineata, Butler, pl. vil. 

9. Zamacra albofasciaria, Leech, pl. ix.; the last three being 
lepidopterous pests of the mulberry. 

10. Ophalmodes cretace, Butl., pl.x.a, a lepidopterous (Geo- 
meter) pest of tea. 

11. Tetigonia guttigera, Uhler, pl. x.d. 

12. 7’. ferruginea (Fabr.), pl. xi., leaf-hopper pests of pine and 
mulberry respectively. 

Scourfield’s summary of Mendelism and its relation to Micro- 
scopy (25), and Smith’s notes on Stereo-photo-micrography (27) 
will be interesting to many entomologists. 

Perkins summarizes (16) the insects of a mountain summit, 
with its subordinate peaks, near Honolulu, the collecting-ground 
most accessible to that city. All the orders are discussed, with 
notes on the habits of many species, and remarks on the changes 
in the locality during the past fifteen years. The same author 
details (17) a new method of relaxing and cleaning insects, boil- 
ing water, soap, and naphthaline constituting the ingredients of 
the new formula. 

Preissecker discusses the enemies of tobacco in Dalmatia (20), 
including Agrotis spp., the plant-louse (Myzus plantagineus), and 
Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, and Coleoptera. Davis writes on 
insects as the food of squirrels (4). 

Peyerimhoff has published two interesting notices on cave- 
entomology (18 and 19). The caves are in the neighbourhood of 
Digne, in the department of Basses-Alpes. 

Cobb’s report on fungus maladies of the sugar-cane (3) con- 
tains extended notices on Diptera and Coleoptera connected with 
the dissemination of fungus spores. It is proved that Ithy- 
phallus spores are spread in the excreta of Diptera, and digestion 
in this order is discussed at length, together with the power of 
flicht, vision, &c. There is also a short note on the relation of 
the Nitidulid beetle Carpophilus sp. to the ‘‘ Pine-apple Disease 
of Sugar Cane”’ (T'hielaviopsis). Altogether forty pages and six 
figures are specially devoted to insects. 

Hischerich makes further contributions to a study of the 
Thysanura (6). Terry notes that the method of increase of the 


CURRENT NOTES. 205 


antennal segments in the instars of a Hawaiian earwig is not the 
same as in the common British form (30); the data in the latter 
case are, however, fragmentary and apparently inaccurate. 
Siltala discusses the parasites of Trichoptera (26). 

Oshanin has commenced (15) a catalogue, with references, 
synonymy, &c., of the palearctic Hemiptera, including Japan, 
&e. The first part of the first volume deals with Cimicide, 
Lygeide, Pyrrhocoride, Geocoride ; the first part of the second 
with the Cicadoidea. For these groups Oshanin records 1835 
and 784 species respectively. Puton in 1889 admitted 1011 and 
730, but he excluded China and Japan. 

Kirkaldy summarizes (11) Reuter’s recent classification of the 
Miride, and translates the analytical key of the divisions, as well 
as making numerous additions and corrections to his own recent 
nomenclatorial paper on the Hemiptera. 

Marlatt has brought Bulletin 12 of the same series up to date 
(14), discussing the Coccid Aspidiotus perniciosus. 

Fuller remarks on the supposed poisonous properties of 
‘‘bagworms”’ (Psychide) (7). Schultz discusses certain pale- 
arctic gynandromorphous Macro-Lepidoptera (23). Willem 
makes an observation additional to the recent ones of Plateau 
on Macroglossa (82). Swezey details the life-history in Hawaii 
(29) of Plusia chalcites, Spodoptera exigua, and S. mauritia; as 
the second is found in the British Isles his paper will be of 
interest to British lepidopterists. 

Schuster deals biologically (24) with several species of Crio- 
ceris, and Xambeu (86) with Silpha. Gaulle has commenced (8) 
a systematic and biological catalogue of French Hymenoptera. 

White describes certain bee-diseases (81). Girault details 
the oviposition of the Chalcidid Trichogramma (or Chetostricha) 
pretiosa, parasitic on the sawfly Pteronus (or Nematus) ribesit. 
The sawfly is common to Europe and North America, but the 
parasite has only been recorded from the latter so far, though 
other species of the genus are European (9). Riley briefly sum- 
marises (22) Silvestri’s recent biologic work on Litomastix. 

Williston criticizes the methods of certain recent workers on 
Culicids (34), and corrects some common errors in the nomencla- 
ture of the dipterous wing (83). Dyar and Knab (5) describe a 
large number of Culicid larvee, many being treated as new species 
independently of the adults. In an editorial, Dyar declares 
(p. 231) that the date of this paper is March 14th, 1906, authors’ 
separata having been distributed on that date. The correct date, 
however, is December, the journal having been issued apparently 
during that month. Gossard and Houser bring forward some 
fresh facts relative to the life-history of the Hessian Fly (10). 
Ainslie has some notes on the swarming of the Tipulid T’richocera 
bimacula (!). Riley mentions the case of larve of a Sarcophaga 
in a tumour in the back of a woman (21). Lécaillon reviews 


206 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


existing literature on the metamorphoses of Tabanide, and details 
those of Tabanus quadrinotatus (12). 

Banks’s revision of the Tyroglyphide (2) is a valuable contri- 
bution to the knowledge of the difficult ‘‘ cheese-mites” and 
‘“‘sugar-mites.” Soar deals with the relation of Hydrachnids 
(28) to their parasitism on aquatic insects. 


NOTES ON THE GENUS HUPITHECIA. 
By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. 
(Continued from p. 175.) 


ANoTHER question raised by Mr. Dadd in the same place 
(Ent. Ree. xviii. 259) concerned the innotata group (innotata, 
Hfn., fraxinata, Crewe, and tamarisciata, Frr.), and although I 
do not know that I have any fresh light to throw on these, 
a survey of what is known may prove helpful. Mr. Tutt (loc. 
eit.) rightly girded at the German entomologists for undis- 
criminatingly using ‘‘var. fraxinata, Crewe,’ for the second 
generation of innotata, Hin., whereas in Britain fraxinata is 
single-brooded, hibernating as a pupa; but the question of 
possible specific identity cannot be summarily dismissed on this 
ground. It has been definitely ascertained that larve from the 
early brood of innotata will feed on ash and other leaves (see 
below, and compare the case of EH. virgaureata, to be discussed 
later), and it has also been ascertained that there is occasionally 
a second brood of jraxinata in England, and that the larve 
obtained from this will accept mugwort as a food-plant (vide 
Crewe in Ent. Annual, 1865, pp. 124-5). It is therefore not 
inconceivable that the regular economy further south than with 
us is to alternate, according to the season, between the flower- 
feeding and tree-feeding habit, but that in Britain, being practi- 
cally driven into single-broodedness, it has split up (or is in 
course of doing so) into two races, one favouring each pabulum. 
It seems to me that ash-feeding summer larve, if deprived 
by climatic conditions of the autumnal emergence of their 
imagines, would concurrently be deprived of the later autumn 
mugwort larve, and an ash-feeding race could be established ; 
while a belated emergence from hibernated pup (say, about 
Midsummer instead of in April and May, as in Germany) might 
at the same time bridge over the period in which a tree-feeding 
habit would have been necessary, and result in the laying of 
eges on Artemisia, &c., which might by that time be sufficiently 
advanced to be serviceable. I know that all this is highly 
speculative, and that even if it be in accordance with fact it does 
not absolutely settle the question whether it were more expedient 


NOTES ON THE GENUS EUPITHECIA. 207 


to treat the forms (in Britain) as one species or as two; although, 
for my own part, I consider that two forms co-existing within the 
same area and maintaining separate life-cycles are better called 
‘species,’ and may, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, 
be assumed to have passed beyond the stage of inter-crossing. 
We must not forget, moreover, that the descriptions given by 
Crewe and Westwood (Ent. Ann. 18638, pp. 116-121) indicate 
wide larval divergence, although the German wnotata larva 
is also excessively variable. A good summary of the descrip- 
tions and the literature will be found in Hofmann’s ‘ Raupen,’ 
edition 1898, pp. 265-6. Rossler was the first to record finding 
the larva of innotata on sloe (Wien. Ent. Monats. viii. 131), and 
in ‘Die Schuppenflugler’ (p. 195) he gave a longish note 
summarizing what was then (1881) known in Germany of larval 
food-plants, times of year, &c., and concluding that fraxinata 
(bred in June or later from larve occurring in June on ash, sloe, 
whitethorn, mountain ash, flowers of dog-rose, &c.) was the 
second brood of innotata, and tamarisciata, Frr. (on Myricaria 
germanica and Tamarix gallica), a dark southern form of the same. 
Bohatsch followed (Wien. Ent. Zeit. i. 163) with a note sup- 
porting the same contention, and recording the breeding of the 
fraxinata form in August (as a second brood) from larve on buck- 
thorn and oak; and in the same periodical (ii1. 296) he recorded 
that Habich had bred, between July 15th and August 15th, this 
same second brood form from part of a batch of hibernated 
pup of which the rest had emerged normally in the spring as 
typical innotata. Habich himself confirmed this some years 
later (Stett. Ent. Zeit. lil. 159), and added the record of a 
further experiment; he obtained a pairing of bred innotata in 
the early spring, fed the larve on rose leaves, and got them full 
fed by the end of April, the imagines appearing irregularly 
through the months of May, June, July, and August, nearly 
half of the total number in the last month. They were 
smaller and lighter than typical innotata, and their larve were 
somewhat more slender, and in a few cases almost unicolorous 
ereen, 

In the meantime Dietze made some observations on the 
different larval races of what he considered H. fraxinata (Stett. 
Ent. Zeit. xxxiii. 197-9, xxxvi. 69-70), from which we learn that 
he found no considerable differences between the Prunus larve 
and those of the ash, but that there was a difference between the 
eggs, both of which he describes (xxxvi. p. 70); he points out, 
however, that he only had six freshly laid eggs of the ash race to 
compare, and that the differences may have been peculiar to the 
individual brood. Imagines reared from ash laid their eggs both 
on ash and hawthorn, and I gather that the larve (second brood, 
August) accepted both, but their further history is not traced. 
Dietze regards both forms as definitely double-brooded, and 


208 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


makes no reference to any offer of Artemisia to the later brood 
of larve. 

Stange (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xlvii. 281) also records some 
personal experiences of innotata, of which he bred a few ex ovo 
on Artemisia vulgaris, which hibernated as pup, and one from 
a beaten larva from rose, which emerged on August 4th the 
same year. He inclines to the view of Rossler ‘and Speyer ” 
(ubi?) that all three of the group are modifications of one 
species. 

Milliere (Ann. Soc. Lyon xix. 30, 31) has brief notes on all 
the three larve of the group; he treats tamarisciata as a valid 
species (larva uniform. light green, on Myricaria germanica, and 
not varying), ‘‘ fraxinata of the English’’ (which he found in 
June, 1863, on Coriaria myrtifolia) as well removed from innotata 
by the form and colour of the larva (green, excepting the vinous 
anal flap), but perhaps only a variety of tamarisciata. 

The British form of innotata larva is described by Hellins 
(Hint. Mo. Mag. xxi. 137) under the title of ‘an enigma,” the 
solution being given later in notes by Warren and by Hellins 
himself (Ent. Mo. Mag. xxii. 257, xxiii. 115, xxiv. 10); Hellins’ 
notes, with a later description by Buckler, are given in full 
in Buckler’s ‘ Larve,’ vii. 35, and a figure added, pl. 186, fig. 6. 
The usual British form seems exceedingly different from the gay 
green, red-marked form which is prevalent in Germany, Southern 
France, &c.; but Warren says his British examples were variable, 
and I have already mentioned that the Continental are extremely 
so. ‘The one or two larve I have myself found (at Sandown, on 
Artemisia vulgaris) agreed, so far as I can recollect, with Hellins’ 
description and Buckler’s figure. Barrett records (Lep. Brit. ix. 
105) that Mr. Robson, of Hartlepool, has found and reared 
E. fraxinata on flowers of scabious; probably Mr. Robson knew 
the larva, otherwise one would be inclined to refer the record to 
innotata, as both occur at Hartlepool. 

Dr. Draudt, in describing the eggs of H. innotata (‘ Iris,’ 
xvill. 315, pl. vii., fig. 4), says that that of ‘‘ var. fraxinata, 
Crewe,” is entirely like it, and that the same can probably be 
said of “var. tamarisciata, Fry.” Perhaps the genitalia will 
throw some further light on the subject. Schroder’s elaborate 
description and figure of the apparatus in innotata (Ill. Zeit. 
Ent. v. 305) is purely anatomical, and does not deal with the 
allied forms. 


III.—Denotata, Viraaureata, &c. 


A pair of species whose probable specific identity has hardly 
been at all discussed are H. denotata, Hb. (campanulata, H.-S.), 
and jasioneata, Crewe. The British forms look so very distinet 
in the imago state that, although Crewe noticed the great 
similarity of the larve, and the botanical relationship of the 


NOTES ON THE GENUS EUPITHECIA. 209 


food-plants, he does not seem to have thought it possible that 
the two might be co-specific. Probably Crewe was not acquainted 
with the dark mountain var. (ab.) of denotata known as atraria, 
H.-S. = ferreata, Fuchs (J. B. Nass. Ver. Nat. liv. 57), which 
Herr Piingeler tells me is certainly co-specific with the typical 
form, all intermediates occurring among bred specimens (in litt. 
November 29th, 1905), while it is practically indistinguishable 
from some of the lighter specimens of jasionecata. Rossler and 
Fuchs, it is true, regarded Herrich-Schaffer’s atraria as repre- 
senting a dark form of castigata, Hb., hence Fuchs’s new name 
for that of denotata; but even if they were right, this would not 
affect the connection established by the last-named between 
denotata and jasioneata. 

That EH. denotata is not confined to Campanula trachelium is 
clear not only from Crewe’s record (Ent. Mo. Mag. vil. 143) of 
finding larve in his garden on nine other species of Campanula 
and on Phyteuma, but also from several Continental writers. 
Pingeler finds the larve of var. atraria, H.-8., at Pontresina, &c., 
on Campanula barbata, and my correspondents, Herr Dietze 
and Dr. Draudt, tell me that, last autumn, larve entirely 
agreeing with those of this species and of jasioneata were found 
at Oberstdorf (Bavaria) on Phyteuma spicatum. Nor is this all; 
if primulata, Mill., is, as it has been determined, really = var. 
atraria, H.-S., Primula latifolia must be added to the list, whilst, 
if Fuchs’s denotata and ab. solidaginis (J. B. Nass. Ver. Nat. lv. 
78) are rightly placed by that author, it has also taken, excep- 
tionally, to Solidago virgaurea in a state of nature, unless his son 
somehow mixed the larve he collected. 

Last September I had a large number of larve of I. jasioneata, 
collected in North Cornwall, and several of H. denotata, from 
Dorking. Both were variable, though less excessively so than 
many of the ‘‘ pugs,” but I absolutely failed to find any difference 
between the two. The pupx, which are now before me, are also 
identical. The H. jasioneata are already emerging (early June), 
and I believe this is naturally a somewhat earlier form to appear 
than denotata. In this respect, as Herr Dietze remarks, the 
Oberstdorf form occurring on Phyteuma, and already mentioned 
above, should belong to the former, for the Campanula larvee 
were not yet findable when these were taken last August. I have 
not yet heard from my friends what form of imago resulted from 
the Phyteuma larve. 

Herr Petersen, of Reval, had a male of each of the supposed 
species from me a few years ago, and examined the genitalia; he 
believed he had found differences sufficient to warrant keeping 
them distinct, and intended to send a note on the subject to one 
of our British magazines. On the other hand, Mr. Pierce, of 
Liverpool, writes of jasioneata which I sent him: “There is 


ENTOM.—SEPTEMBER, 1907. x 


210 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


little doubt it is only campanulata, at any rate so far I can see no 
difference”’ {t.e., in the male genitalia}. 

The larve of both forms thrive on remarkably dry seeds, and 
individuals go on feeding far into the autumn. I myself had 
them both going on healthily up to the beginning of November, 
but my friend, Mr. John Peed, caps this with a record of 
denotata (campanulata) still feeding on 15th December last year! 

Hupithecia virgaureata is another very interesting species, 
particularly as regards its economy. As Mr. Percy Reid raised 
the question of the food-plant and date of the first-brood larve 
(Ent. Rec. xix. 22), I imagine Klos’s note (Verh. Z. B. Ges. Wien. 
li. 785) is not very generally known to British entomologists. 
He records that at Stainz, near Gratz, he found on whitethorn 
and blackthorn, between 24th June and dth July, 1901, some 
thirty larve which at once reminded him, in their scheme of 
markings, of H. virgaureata, although they were darker, being of 
a chestnut brown colour. To his surprise, the moths emerged, 
from 29th July to 380th August, veritable virgaureata, though 
much smaller than the type and of a darker ash-grey shade, 
with the spots bounding the central area well pronounced and 
united into a band. He had not previously found the species on 
any plant but Solidago virgaurea and S. canadensis, on which it 
was abundant in his district ; he had never found it on gentians 
or umbellifers, sometimes given as food-plants, the larvae which 
he found on Gentiana asclepiadea always producing castigata. 
He is unaware whether there is ordinarily a second brood; in his 
district it appears, in a state of nature, at the end of March if 
mild, or in mid-April if cold—not in May and June, as given by 
other observers. 

There are some other curious records of food-plants for this 
species, and some of them may safely be accepted as authentic, 
though it is possible that one or two rest on a mis-identification 
of the closely allied, variable, and polyphagous LH. castigata. I 
do not call the flowers of Senecio a ‘‘curious record”’ for it, as 
they are allied to the golden rod; Crewe found it thrive well 
in captivity on Senecio (Ent. Ann. 1861, p. 185—under the old, 
erroneous name of pimpinellata—and 1868, p. 127); Hellins 
found this the favourite natural food-plant in Devon (Ent. Ann. 
1862, p. 47); and, if 1 remember aright, Mr. G. F. Porritt has 
told me that it also inhabits ragwort on some of our coast sand- 
hills. In the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1862, p. 8208, it is recorded on 
the same plant both in Devon and at Albury (Surrey), and 
there are doubtless other such records scattered throughout our 
magazines. More remarkable, but no doubt reliable, on account 
of the authority on which it is given, is the “‘ on flowers of ling” 
of Buckler’s ‘ Larve’ (vili., expl. of pl. exxxii.) ; and I fancy that 
‘‘ millefoil,” given by Barrett, is also taken from the work of 
one of our old English masters. The gentian and umbellifer records 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 211 


mentioned by Klos originate with Bohatsch (or ? Schieferer), and 
are froth Klos’s own district, Gratz; Bohatsch (‘ Iris,’ vi. 4) writes 
that there, though no doubt it occurs on Solidago, yet it is 
‘‘much commoner on Heracleum sphondylium and Gentiana.” 
He points out (ibid., p. 3) that the male moth can be separated 
from its allies by the fascicles of cilia of the antenna. Gregson 
(Proc. North. Ent. Soc., 27th June, 1868, p. 16) reports Greening 
to have reared fine imagines on leaves of sallow, also (Zool. xx. 
7902) to have bred it from seed-heads of Lychnis dioica (!), but I 
will not guarantee that he did not confuse his species. 

That there is a second brood has long been accepted in 
England ; it was recorded (though only for a state of captivity) 
by Crewe in the Ent. Annual, 18638, p. 126. It will probably be 
remembered that from May ova he raised a brood which fed up 
with great rapidity. on flowers of cow-parsley (Anthriscus 
sylvestris), had all pupated by the end of June, and produced 
imagines from the end of July to the beginning of August. 
Like those reared by Klos, these were smaller and darker than 
the first brood. 


(To be continued.) 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Tortrix pronuBana, Hb., ar Cutswick.—On July 18th, while beat- 
ing in the garden here about 6.30 p.m., I disturbed, from a vine on the 
wall, a bright orange little moth. It flew very actively, and escaped 
once out of the net before I was able to boxit. From the colour of the 
hind wings I suspected it to be Vortria pronubana, Hb. The moth was 
exhibited at the meeting of the South London Society on the 25th 
inst., when both Mr. Adkin and Mr. South saw it. Below the vine is 
a bush of Huonymus japonica, in which Capua angustiorana and other 
Tortrices occur. — ALFRED Sicu ; Corney House, Chiswick, Middlesex, 
July 29th, 1907. 


PorTHESIA CHRYSORRH@®A.—Reading Mr. H. Rowland-Brown’s note 
(ante, p. 186), in which he asks “ if the migrants of subsequent genera- 
tions have established themselves in or near the old haunt of the Lower 
Sandgate Road, Folkestone,’ reminds me that the only ones I have 
ever taken were in the drawing-room of Castle Glen, Lower Sandgate 
Road, to ight, two on July 80th, and one on August 6th, 1899. All 
three were females. —Josrrn F. Green; Taverham Hall, Norwich, 
August 17th, 1907. 


On tHe Rearine or Papiio popaLirius.—I would be very glad to 
hear from any reader of the ‘Entomologist’ who has successfully 
reared P. podalirius. I have tried and have failed, and I want to 
discover if possible why I failed. This last spring, while on a visit to 
the South of France, I collected a good many ova off young almond 
trees; these successfully hatched, but several of the young larve died 
from some cause or other, and when I arrived home early in May I 


212 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 
counted about twenty-five. These I fed on peach, and kept them in a 
cool greenhouse, where they appeared to do well, and in the end seven- 
teen pupated between June 20th and 30th; but most of the pupe— 
which, by the way, were of fine size—appeared to be deformed, the 
cases for the antenne looking like crumpled horns. They emerged 
between July 22nd and August 5th, but not one of them was fit for the 
cabinet, all being deformed in some way or other. I should like to add 
that I have brought through a beautiful series of G. cleopatra from ova 
collected at the same time, and they were lodged in the same house as 
the P. podalirius, and it is curious that I should have succeeded in the 
one case and failed in the other. 


HimMerGeNncE or NuMERIA PULVERARIA IN JuLY AND Aucust.—In send- 
ing me some larve of this species in early July last, Mr. F. Pope, of 
lixeter, suggested that the moths would be reared this year. I-rather 
doubted this, and wrote to him to this effect. In his reply he stated 
that from eggs deposited by females captured’on May 80th last year, 
the larva fed up quickly on sallow, and by July 28th sixteen moths 
had appeared. Well, last summer was a favourable one for second 
generations in species that are normally only single-brooded with us, 
but one would hardly expect such kind of thing this year. I was 
therefore agreeably surprised when on August 16th a male N. pulver- 
aria emerged. At that date the majority of the larve had gone down, 
but five were still feeding, although apparently full-grown, and two 
of these continued to do so until the 22nd of the month.—RicHarp 
SouruH. 


Scarce Hawx-morus In Kew Garprens.—T wo imagines of Detlephila 
euphorbia have been bred from pup found under an oak tree in the 
Queen’s Cottage grounds, Kew, on March 2nd, 1907, by Messrs. G. 
Nicholson and A. L. Simmons. The pupz were quite close to the 
surface, about nine inches from the trunk facing north-east, and were 
in earth-cocoons. Mixed with the earth were small portions of spun 
silk and minute fragments of leaves. The moths emerged on June 
10th and 21st respectively. There are no euphorbias in the immediate 
neighbourhood where the pups were found, consequently we must 
conclude that they fed up on some other plant. Up to August 5th of 
this year neither imago nor larva has been found. ‘Tutt, in Brit. Lep. 
vol. iv. p. 285, mentions various other food-plants in addition to the 
euphorbias—fuchsia, vine-leaves, lettuce, Polygonum aviculare, oak, 
and perhaps Plantago lanceolata and dandelion. Messrs. Nicholson 
and Simmons also found a pupa of Sphinx pinastri in the Gardens, but 
it failed to produce an imago.—W. J. Lucas. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


ZEPHYRUS QUERCUS ab. BuLLA.—Referring to p. 141 of ‘ Butterflies 
of the British Isles,’ I beg to inform you that on August 11th last I 
saw and captured, near Dorking, a female Zephyrus quercus ab. bella 
(Gerh.). The specimen is slightly undersized.— Epwarp R. Gorre ; 
46, Vardens Road, Wandsworth Common, August 12th, 1907. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 213 


SESIA ANDRENIFORMIS.—In my note on breeding this species (ante, 
J ; 5. 
p. 189), I find that I wrote ‘‘dogwood”’ instead of Viburnum lantana.— 
J. OVENDEN. 


Myetopuita (Myeztots) crisruM (CRIBRELLA) IN SuRREY.—So far as I 
am aware this species has not been noted as occurring in Surrey. I 
may therefore record the capture, in the garden here, of a very fine 
specimen on July 14th last. During the following evening Mr. Norman 
Riley, who resides next door, captured a specimen that entered an 
upper room, no doubt attracted by the bright light therein. The ex- 
ample taken by myself, I may add, was disturbed from a row of sweet 
peas. Possibly this species has a wider distribution than it would 
seem to have from records of its capture. Perhaps it may often be 
passed over as Hyponomeuta cognatellus.—Ricuarp Sours ; 96, Drake- 
field Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. 


Puusia Moneta In tHE New Forest.—Contrary to the expectations 
of some entomologists, this species has undoubtedly established itself 
in our midst, as it is seventeen or eighteen years ago since it was first 
taken this side of the Channel. My nephew—Mr. F. V. Brown, of 
Ashby-de-la-Zouch—having come for a week's collecting in the Forest, 
I accompanied him thither, and, although unable to do any practical 
work myself, I saw a number of P. moneta dashing about in the dusk 
on July 14th, and managed to capture two fine specimens. On the 
following evening another specimen was taken, but I did not see so 
many as on the previous date. On searching the garden for its food- 
plant, I could find but one poor stalk of monkshood, a close scrutiny of 
which revealed no indications whatever of the larvee having fed thereon, 
or of ova being deposited. Iam not sure if this is the first record of 
the species from the Forest, but I may mention that last season I knew 
of one specimen taken at rest on a tree-trunk, and another came to light 
near Ringwood. In 1899 the insect is said to have been taken in 
Wiltshire at sugar, which seems rather a departure from the usual 
habits of its class, as Ido not recollect ever taking any of the genus at 
the sweetened allurement, but that is no reason why others have not 
had a different experience.—G. B. Corziy ; Ringwood. 


A Day’s Draconrty ConLectinG aT THE BasinestokE Canau.—On 
June 23rd last we went to Byfleet, for the purpose of collecting from 
the Basingstoke Canal certain species of Agrionine which do not 
appear to occur in the Epping Forest district. The following are 
a few observations upon the most interesting specimens :— (1.) 
Erythronma naias.—A male was obtained having the right mid-leg in 
a very rudimentary condition. (2.) Ischnura elegans.—Two females of 
var. infuscans were taken, one of themincop. (8.) Agrion pulchellum.— 
In one male, the neck joining the U-shaped spot on segment two with 
the circlet behind was reduced to a mere thread, and the marking 
closely resembled that seen in A. puella mentioned below. (4.) 4. 
puelia.—A male had the U-shaped spot on segment two connected with 
the circlet. (5.) EHnallagma cyathigerun.—We had the satisfaction of 
witnessing for ourselves a proceeding connected with oviposition which 
had been previously recorded of this species, but which seemed difficult 
of belief. What happened was this: A pair of Agrionines, attached 


214 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


per collwm, were noticed flying close to the surface of the water of the 
canal. Presently they, or at all events the female, alighted upon 
a tangle of floating grass and sphagnum moss, and, having been 
hberated by her partner, she deliberately entered the water, and disap- 
peared from view. The male, presumably for the purpose of assisting 
the female from the water upon her return to the surface, continued 
to hover over the site; he was taken, and the species determined 
as KF. cyathigerum. In the space of two or three minutes after 
disappearance, the female was again seen clinging to the under side of 
the floating vegetable matter. She then quickly climbed up to the 
upper side, and seemingly prepared herself for flight. The grass was 
drawn to the bank and the insect secured; she dried off very rapidly, 
and appeared to be none the worse for her adventure. The impression 
conveyed by her movements in the water was that during the period 
of immersion she had descended to a considerable depth.—F. W. & H. 
Campion ; 38, Maude Terrace, Walthamstow, Essex. 


Suort List or Lepmoprera COLLECTED NEAR GIBRALTAR IN Marcu 
and Aprit, 1907.—I am sending this list in the hope that it may be of 
use to readers of the ‘Entomologist’ stationed in the Army or Navy, 
at Gibraltar :— Papilio podalirius and P. machaon, common in the hills 
round the Cork Wood; .Zhais rumina, common in the Cork Wood; 
T’. polyxena, several in the Cork Wood; Aporia crategi, one specimen 
in the Cork Wood; Pieris brassicae, P. rape, and P. napi, common ; 
Pontia daplidice, Leucophasia sinapis and g. v. lathyri, Euchloé 
euphenotdes, and Colias edusa, common in the Cork Wood ; Goneptery 
rhamni, several in the Cork Wood; G. cleopatra, abundant in the Cork 
Wood and on the Rock; Pyrameis cardui and Vanessa urtica, not 
common; V. antiopa, one, in the Cork Wood; Melitea didyma, two, 
in the Cork Wood; Melanargia lachesis, one male, Benaogan ; 
M. syllius, one male, Gaucin; Hrebia tyndarus, two males, Queen of 
Spain’s Chair; Satyrus circe, one near Banaocaz, about 8000 feet 
elevation; S. briseis, one, Campamento Plain, several at Gaucin ; 
S. arethusa, one male, in the Cork Wood; S. statilinus, several in the 
Cork Wood; Pararge megera, Epinephele ianira, and E. hyperanthus, 
very common; Thecla rubi, abundant in the woods near Gaucin; 
T. spint, one, in the woods near Gaucin; Vhestor ballus, one, in the 
Cork Wood; Chrysophanus virgaurea, fairly numerous; C. phleas, very 
common; Lampides beticus, Lycena tearus, L. hylas (baton), and 
L. orton (battus), common in parts of the Cork Wood; Deilephila 
euphorbia, one, blown on board, from Gibraltar ; Cherocampa celerio, 
one, at are lamp in Gibraltar Dockyard ; Daphnis nerit, one, near the 
Signal Station, Gibraltar; Macroglossa stellatarum, very common ; 
Zygana sarpedon, one, Benaogan; Aglaope pruni, several on hills round 
Gaucin ; Lithosia lutarella, two, in the Cork Wood; Arectia hebe, one, 
Benaogan ; A. cata, common; Oreopsyche atra (plumifera), one, in the 
woods near Gaucin; Saturnia pyri, a few larve near Gaucin; 
Cnethocampa processtonea, larvee numerous in second pine wood ; 
Cerura vinula, one, at lamp, on board, in Gibraltar; Uropus ulmi, at 
are lamp, in Gibraltar Dockyard; Agrotis c-nigrum, several, at arc 
lamp, in Gibraltar Dockyard; Deiopeta pulchella, several, near 
Benaocaz, about 2500 feet elevation.—F. W. Sowersy, R.N., H.M.S. 
‘Russell,’ Atlantic Fleet, July 7th, 1907. 


215 


SOCIETIES. 


Tue Soutn Lonpon Entomovoeicat anp Naturat History Socirery.— 
July 11th.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the chair.—Mr. Waterer, 
Brockley, was elected a member. — Mr. Rayward exhibited fine bred 
specimens of Agriades bellargus and Polyommatus icarus, and commented 
upon their size and brilliancy, in spite of the fact that ants were almost 
constantly in attendance upon the larve.—Mr. H. Moore, specimens of 
Euchelia jacobee from the Dunkirk sand-dunes, one of which was ex- 
ceedingly pale, and a cricket from Lisbon.—Mr. Gibb, the ‘‘ Simplex ”’ 
net, frame, and stick.—Mr. Sich, cocoons of Cedestis farinatella, a lepi- 
dopteron whose larva lives in the needles of Scotch fir.—Mr. Newman 
(1) a gynandromorphous specimen of Amorpha populi; (2) bred series 
of Melitea aurinia from Kent and Ireland; (8) a bred series of 
M. cinxia; (4) a Smerinthus ocellata with extreme development of the 
pink colour of the fore wings; (5) bred specimens of Dicranura bicuspis 
from Tilgate ; (6) a selection of under sides of Polyommatus icarus from 
North Kent; (7) pup# and full-grown larvee of Argynnis paphia and 
A. adippe ; (8) living larvee of Agriades corydon ; (9) bred specimens of 
Cucullia gnaphalit ; and (10) very fine and extremely varied series of 
Boarmia repandata from Leigh Woods, Torquay, Epsom, and North 
Kent, including some extreme var. conversaria and melanic forms.— 
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. | 


City or Lonpon Entomonocican Society. —June 4th, 1907.— 
Mr. O. E. Janson, of Highgate, was elected a member of the Society. 
—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows exhibited Hnnomos quercinaria, including 
ab. equestraria, from Ipswich. — Mr. J. A. Clark, a cabinet drawer 
of ‘Thorns,’ including a very variable series of /. quercinaria, in 
which abs. carpinata, infuscata, and equestraria were all represented ; 
also a fine series of HF. elinguaria, including Scotch specimens of a 
deep, almost orange, colour, and without the usual central fascia 
on fore wings.—Mr. A. W. Mera, melanie Gonodontis bidentata from 
Leeds, also very pale EH. quercinmaria from Ipswich.—Mr. L. B. Prout, 
E. quercinaria ab. infuscata from South Kensington.—Mr. J. Riches, 
a long and very variable series of H. quercinaria from South Ken- 
sington.—Mr. V. E. Shaw, pupe of Nola cucullatella and larve of 
Xyiophasia scoloyacina from Bexley. 


June 18th.—Mr. J. A. Clark exhibited Hrannis leucophearia, very 
dark specimens from New Forest, with usual median band on fore 
wings practically obsolete.—Dr. T. A. Chapman, larve of Calocampa 
exoleta from South Tyrol, which, instead of being green, as in the case 
of British specimens, were black, with yellow dorsal and lateral 
stripes and pale whitish subdorsal line.—Mr. HE. A. Cockayne, Nyssia 
lapponaria from Rannock, including male with pale yellow dorsal 
stripe and costa; also, from same district, Te@niocampa gothica var. 
gothicina, and an almost unicolorous pale brown 7’. incerta with only 
the reniform and orbicular faintly indicated.—Mr. H. M. Edelsten, 
Chilo phragmitellus maie, a very dark, almost black, specimen from 
Norfolk Broads; also nearly full-fed larve of Lithosia caniola.—Dr. 
G. G. C. Hodgson; two Nemoria viridata from Surrey, one with 


216 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


reddish-brown fore wings flecked with irregular green patches and 
hind wings of usual green colour except at the anal angle, the other 
of normal coloration with wings dappled with irregular and symmetrical 
reddish patches.—Mr. A. H. Shepherd, Hrannis leucophearia var. 
fuscata from Huddersfield, and var. marmorinaria from Richmond 
Park.—Mr. C. W. Simmons, Synopsis abruptaria from Holloway, 
including many very dark examples, and an extraordinary herma- 
phrodite, the right hand wings being those of an almost black male 
and the left of typical light female.—Mr. A. W. Willsdon, 7’. opima 
from Epping Forest district, including pale grey specimen with dark- 
brown central fascia.—Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor reported having found 
a batch of Bombyx rubi ova on the wing of a dead jay in Ashdown 
Forest.—S. J. Benn, Hon. Sec. 


BrrmincHamM EntomonocicaL Society.—June 8rd, 1907.— Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair.—Mr. E. C. Rossiter 
again showed a long series of Tzeniocampe bred from pup dug near 
Langley Green and Wyre Forest, to show how the species ran 
into one another ; a large series of incerta, Hufn., at one end closely 
resembled those of munda, Esp., and at the other end were with diffi- 
culty separated from specimens of stabilis, View. ; stabilis, again, ran 
into gracilis, F.; and there were specimens on each boundary line 
about which he found it difficult to decide.—Mr. H. Langley showed 
dark specimens of Tephrosia luridata, Goeze, from Princethorpe, where 
sixty per cent. of the specimens seen were dark; curiously the first 
to appear were the darkest. The darkest of all were taken on 
April 20th, and none but dark ones were seen till late in May, when 
the lighter ones began to appear.—Mr. C. J. Wainwright, insects in 
amber.—Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, a cocoon of Saturnia pavonia, L., 
with two distinct openings ; there was, however, only one pupa inside, 
and it (the cocoon) was of normal size only. He also showed, on 
behalf of Mr. G. H. Kenrick, a series of Spilosoma mendica, Cl., var. 
rustica, Hb., bred from a female captured in the South of Ireland 
(they all came true to the parent form), also other bred insects. He 
also showed a number of species of Spilosoma and Phragmatobia from 
various EHuropean localities, for comparison with Mr. Kenrick’s var. 
rustica. —Mr. Chadwich, a visitor, showed various aberrations : 
Semiothisa (Macaria) liturata, Cl., a specimen from Oakley Wood, 
apparently of the Delamere form, with dark hind marginal band and 
general dark colour; a very fine dark Chrysophanus phleas, L., from 
near Claverdon, with broad hind marginal and apical band which 
monopolised most of the dark colour, leaving only two spots on each 
fore wing, on the hind wings only a narrowish submarginal band 
of the ground colour was left; the ground colour was a fine dark 
coppery red, and the insect altogether was darker than Barrett's 
darkest. Amongst other aberrations shown was a Spilosoma lubrict- 
peda, i., with pinkish border to the wings.—Cotsran J. Wartnwricut, 
Hon. Sec. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vor. XL] OCTOBER, 1907. [No. 538 


PHALERA BUCEPHALA, As. 


In the above aberration of P. bucephala the general colour is 
smoky-grey, the double cross lines are black, and the apical patch 
is ashy-grey clouded with blackish. The head and thorax and 
the fringes appear to be normal, but the latter are partly rubbed 
offin the specimen. The hind wings are of the usual colour, but 
have a dark grey patch, as shown in the figure. 

Mr. Esson, of Aberdeen, who kindly sent it for figuring, in- 
forms me that the specimen was bred at Forres, and that he 
saw it alive. 

RicHarD SouTH. 


NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY 
AGATHIDIDAL. 


By Cuaupe Mortey, F.E.S., &e. 


Tuts family forms, with the Microgasteride, of which I have 
already treated (cf. Entom. 1906, p. 99), the Areolarious group 
of the Braconide, and is but sparsely represented by four small 
genera in Britain. It is, however, very widely distributed 
throughout the tropical regions of Africa and America, and its 
species appear to be almost or quite exclusively lepidopterous 
parasites. Our genera are very easily distinguished if the speci- 
mens be not carded :— 

ENTOM.—OCTOBER, 1907. U 


218 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(2) 1. Mouth-parts produced in the form of a beak Acatuts, Latr. 
(1) 2. Mouth-parts normal and not produced. 
(6) 3. Areolet present and distinct. 
(5) 4. First cubital cell coalesced with first discoidal 

Micropus, Nees. 
(4) 5. First cubital cell entire. ; : .  Hanrinus, Wesm. 
(8) 6. Areolet entirely wanting . ‘ 5 ; Oreiuus, Hal. 

AGATHIS. 

(2) 1. Abdomen centrally broadly red . . 1. malvacearum, Latr. 
(1) 2. Abdomen entirely black. 
(6) 3. Areolet triangular. 
(5) 4. Mouth-parts longer than head; wings nigrescent 


2. nigra, Nees. 
(4) 5. Mouth-parts shorter than head ; wings subhyaline’ 
3. angelica, Marsh. 
(3) 6. Areolet quadrangular. 
(8) 7. Palpi red; terebra longer than body . 4, rufipalpis, Nees. 
(7) 8. Palpi black ; terebra as long as body . . 5. brevisetis, Nees. 


Agathis malvacearum.—Mr. Donisthorpe has given me this 
species, which he once found in abundance upon Malva moschata 
at Rye, Sussex, in August. 

A. nigra.—Not uncommon. Abinger Hammer, near Guild- 
ford, in August, 1900 (EH. A. Butler); Devon (Bignell) ; Green- 
ings, in Surrey, August, 1871 (Wilson Saunders). 

A. angelica.—I possess one female from Dr. Capron’s collec- 
tion, probably taken at Shere, in Surrey. 

A. brevisetis.—Two females from Abinger Hammer, taken by 
Butler, and one from Dr. Capron’s collection. 


Micropus. 

(10) 1. Second segment not longitudinally aciculate. 

(9) 2. Hind tibiz red, with apices black. 

(4) 8. Abdomen laterally rufescent . : 1. linguarius, Nees. 
(3) 4. Abdomen entirely black. 

(6) 5. Hind femora black; size2}mm. . . 2. nugax, Reinh. 
(5) 6. Hind femora red; size at least 3 mm. 

(8) 7. Size 6mm.; tegule black  . . 8. clausthalianus, Rtz. 
(7) 8, Size 8-43 mm. ; tegule testaceous . 4, tumidulus, Nees. 
(2) 9. Hind tibiew black and white . ; 5. cingultpes, Nees. 
(1) 10. Second segment longitudinally aciculate. 
(14) 11. Third segment entirely smooth. 
(18) 12. Mesonotum rufescent  . : : . 6. calculator, Fab. 
(12) 18. Mesonotum black . é : . 7. brevicaudis, Reimh. 
(11) 14. Third segment at least partly aciculate. 

(16) 15. Hind coxe red : : 5 4 . 8. rufipes, Nees. 
(15) 16. Hind coxe black. 
(18) 17. Hind tibie black and white. ; 9. rugulosus, Nees. 

18 


. Hind tibiz red, with apices black. . 10. mediator, Nees, 


NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY AGATHIDIDZE. 219 


Microdus linguarius.—Taken commonly by Butler at Abinger 
Hammer in August, 1900, and once by Mr. A. Piffard at Felden, 
in Herts. 

M. nugax.—Not hitherto noticed in Britain, and only recorded 
from Erzgebirge and Frankfort-on-Main. I captured a male on 
flowers of Spirea ulmaria at Foxhall, in Suffolk, August 10th, 
1902, and possess a female taken by W. Saunders in July, 1872, 
at Greenings, in Surrey. 

M. clausthalianus.—Females. Barr, in Ayrshire, in the latter 
half of July, 1900 (Dalglish) ; Greenings, in July, 1871 (W. 
Saunders) ; and swept in a marsh at Barton Mills, in Suffolk, on 
June 12th, 1900, by myself. 

M. tumidulus——Abundant. Felden, in Herts (Piffard); Box- 
hill, in September (Beaumont) ; bred from Catoptria hypericana 
at Worksop, June 20th, 1904 (Miss Alderson) ; Greenings, in 
June, 1871 (W. Saunders); Abinger Hammer (Butler) ; Shere, 
in Surrey (Capron); swept from heather at Selby, in Yorks, 
September 19th, 1902 (Ash). I found the males commonly on 
tables of Angelica sylvestris at Foxhall on August 30th, 1899, 
and females have occurred to me both there and at Claydon 
Bridge, near Ipswich, in damp situations, up to September 23rd. 

M. rufipes. — Females. Bournemouth, in 1901 (Bradley) ; 
Abinger Hammer, early in August, 1900 (Butler); and in the 
New Forest (Miss Chawner). 


HaRInus. 
(2) 1. Second segment rufescent . : : . 1. zonator, Marsh. 
(1) 2. Second segment black. 
(4) 8. Hind tibiw apically testageous . . . 2. nitidulus, Nees. 
(8) 4. Hind tibie apically black . : . 8. gloriatorius, Panz. 


Earinus nitidulus. —Common. Taken at Felden by Piffard, 
and swept by myself in Tuddenham Fen, May 20th, 1904. 

E. gloriatorius—Not uncommon. New Forest’ (Miss Chaw- 
ner) ; Cadney, in Lincolnshire, in 1898 (Thornley); I beat it 
from birch-bushes on May 11th, 1895, and May 18th, 1903, in 
the Bentley Woods, near Ipswich ; and two males from yew at 
Hollington, near Hastings, as early as March 21st, 1900. 


ORGILUS. 


(2) 1. Wings normal ; palpi black : - 1. obscurator, Nees. 
(1) 2. Wings small; palpired . . ; 2. micropterus, sp. n. 


Orgilus obscurator.—Not very common. Several at Felden, 
in Herts (Piffard); one female bred, with one Apanteles and 
one female Pezomachus rufipes,* which last was very probably 
hyperparasitic upon one or other of the Braconids, from Butalis 
senescens, Stn., at Swanage, in Dorset, between June 8th and 


* Of. my ‘ Ichneumons of Britain,’ vol. ii. 1907, p. 190. 
U2 


220 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


20th, 1895 (EK. R. Bankes) ; one female bred from a pine-feeding 
Tortrix {probably Retinia resinella, of which it is a known para- 
site—C. M.] at Oxshott, in July, 1901 (Sich) ; I have swept it in 
Tuddenham Fen, in Suffolk, and upon the Ringstead Downs, 
near Hunstanton, in August, 1906, and beaten it from birch in 
the Bentley Woods, May 29th, 1902. 

O. micropterus. —I took the sexes of this new species on 
Angelica sylvestris flowers at Foxhall on September 12th, 1898, 
and by sweeping at Ringstead, in Norfolk, on August 21st, 1906 ; 
the type is in my collection. From O. obscurator, which is the 
only other black species with the second segment quadrate, it 
differs in the red palpi; distinct hyaline area below the stigma ; 
anterior femora red, with a narrow black streak above; tibiz 
red, with the hind ones of male infuscate ; trochanters mainly, 
apices of hind and whole of anterior coxe, red; basal segment 
thrice (not twice, as in O. obscurator) longer than apically broad, 
with the spiracles very much more prominent; second segment 
distinctly longer, and, except sometimes at its extreme base, 
entirely glabrous. The male, in addition, has the flagellum 
longer and red to beyond its centre. In general facies, O. 
micropterus is distinguished by its distinctly longer legs, with the 
tarsal joints, especially in male, elongate; the wings do not 
extend to the anus and are narrower, with the apex and anal 
angle distinctly less prominent in outline. I find no metathoracic 
modification such as we are accustomed to associate with the 
brachypterous forms of usually macropterous Cryptine. 


Monks Soham House, Suffolk : 
May 16th, 1907. 


NOTES ON THE GENUS EUPITHECIA. 
By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. 


(Continued from p. 211.) 


AutTHoueH Klos does not mention unequivocally that his second- 
brood larvee were feeding on leaves, I think it may safely be 
assumed that such was the case; first, because he mentions that 
his experience is analogous to that already well known with 
I. innotata (see supra), and, secondly, because it would probably 
be hard to find even whitethorn, to say nothing of blackthorn, 
still in bloom at the beginning of July, especially in a ‘‘forward” 
district like Gratz. 

In its times of emergence HE. virgaureata seems to be rather 
an erratic species. Moore (Zool. xx. 8208; Weekl. Ent. i. 92) 
had most of his moths appear from hybernated pup in May—June, 
but a second batch from the same lot of pupe did not emerge 


NOTES ON THE GENUS EUPITHECIA. 221 


till the beginning of September, while some pupz—as is often 
the case with venosata, pulchellata, haworthiata, expallidata, 
togata, &e.—went over two winters. 

I half suspect that a further analogy to the alternate tree- 
feeding and flower-feeding habit will be found to exist in another 
double-brooded ‘‘ pug,” Hupithecia albipunctata. The freshly 
emerged male found by Crewe on August 19th, and the parents 
of eggs found by him a few days later (Ent. Ann. 1863, p. 127) 
could not well have come from larve that had fed upon the late- 
flowering Angelica, and Barrett (Lep. Brit. ix. 79) quotes N. M. 
Richardson as having found that they will feed freely on the 
leaves of elder, to which an interesting confirmation has just 
recently (1907) appeared in Dr. Nickerl’s ‘Spanner des 
Konigreiches Bohmen,’ where it is recorded (p. 34) that the 
senior Nickerl bred a specimen on July 8th from a larva found 
at Prague in June on elder. Like those of H. innotata and 
virgaureata, however, the summer larve of albipunctata will also 
accept flowers; for D’Orville, according to Barrett, reared a fine 
batch, from April eggs, on flowers on Anthriscus sylvestris— 
“there being no other umbelliferous plant obtainable, in 
blossom, at the time at which these eggs hatched.’ Some 
were full grown in a fortnight, and the imagines appeared early 
in July. 

Our other Angelica-feeding Hupithecia, E. trisignaria, is only 
single-brooded, and therefore has no trouble in finding flowers 
or seeds of its usual pabulum at the time when the larva needs 
it, and I believe all the known food-plants are at least related to 
Angelica. The list given in Hofmann’s ‘ Raupen’ is Angelica 
sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Pastinaca sativa, Peucedanum 
dreoselinum, and Laserpitium latifolium. Curiously, Barrett does 
not mention the only plant upon which I have myself found it— 
Pastinaca sativa, on a single head of which I took, at Horsley, 
the only two larve which yet stand to my account for this 
species! That there was nothing novel in the selection of this 
food-plant, even for Britain, is clear from Mr. Sheldon’s note in 
the ‘ Entomologists’ Record,’ vol. i., p. 70. Dietze, however, 
has a more remarkable observation (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxxiii. 199). 
He once found a great number of larvee on a completely decayed 
plant of Angelica, and actually saw one of them seize an aphis, 
lift it up after the manner of a Syrphus larva, and then suck 
it dry. On account of the state of the plant, he was convinced 
that these larve must for a long time have supported themselves 
entirely on aphides ; they were of a dark colour which he had 
not otherwise seen, the dorsal area being entirely black, and he 
thinks that this may be attributable to the abnormal diet, but I 
would suggest that it was quite possibly adaptive to its sur- 
roundings. One season when Hupithecia larve were excep- 
tionally abundant, Dietze found this species common everywhere, 


222 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
and it even attacked Pimpinella saxifraga, P. magna, and other 
Umbellifere. 

Chloroclystis coronata is another species which, while generally 
associated with one or two plants (notably clematis), can yet 
thrive on the most diverse. I once beat a larva from hawthorn 
in the autumn, which must have fed on the leaves and, at any 
rate, was reared on them; on another occasion I beat one from 
sallow, which I took to be this species, but I failed to breed 
it. Last August, near Bude, I obtained several from bramble, 
in company with those of Gymnoscelis pumilata, and I am pretty 
sure they ate the fruit as well as the flowers—perhaps, also, the 
leaves. Like Crewe, I have also found it on Hupatoriwm and on 
Angelica when working for others of the genus. Ina note on 
C. coronata (Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soc. ix. 52) I expressed 
a suspicion that the imago hybernated fully formed in the pupal 
shell; I find this habit was already known to Dietze nearly 
thirty years before (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxxili. 202). The same 
thing obtains with the hybernating brood of Gymnoscelis 
pumilata. 

Probably a longish chapter might be written on the food- 
plants and larval habits of G. pumilata, but I will content myself 
with one point. Early last year (1906) Dr. Chapman found, at 
Hyeres, on Cytisus (Calycotome) spinosus, some unknown 
geometrid ova, from which the larve duly hatched, spent their 
larval period spun up in domiciles among the leaves, after 
the manner of Hydriomena furcata (sordidata)—which, rather 
than any ‘“‘pug”’ larva, they resembled in appearance—fed up 
rapidly on Cytisus leaves, and at the end of May produced 
normal pwmilata. 


NOTES ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF DIGNE. 


By Grerarp H. Gurney, F.E.S., &e. 
(Continued from p, 197.) 


Lycena iolas was well out during the first week of my stay, 
and in beautiful order, but unless one is lucky enough to get it at 
the right time, one will find it in rags, as its rapid, dashing flight 
through the thick scrub soon makes havoc with its wings, render- 
ing it quite useless from a cabinet point of view. It seemed 
fairly common, though it is difficult to judge to what extent it is 
distributed, as it flies over a wide area, and is very hard to catch 
owing to its living on such rough ground ; and the males, at any 
rate, seemed to me never to go near the Colutea—in any case, 
they never came near the particular plants I happened to be 
guarding ; and, after spending the greater part of one day in the 
grilling sun, watching four bushes on the steep hillside behind the 


NOTES ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF DIGNE. 223 


Cemetery, which those who know it will remember is a perfect 
sun-trap, and where by ten o’clock the stony ground becomes so 
hot one can barely place one’s hand upon it, and having during 
that time only caught one chipped female, I did not consider 
that form of taking iolas good enough, and so adopted another 
which I found was much less heating, more exciting, and withal 
more productive of the butterfly in question; and this was to 
stand (more or less still) in an open gully or track, and intercept 
them as they flew swiftly down the openings, which they seemed 
to have rather a penchant for doing. In this way the time was 
enlivened by catching an occasional Pararge mera or L. dupon- 
cheli as it fluttered past, and I was able to take six fine zolas in 
very good condition; but what interested me far more than 
catching them was to find a full-fed larva feeding quite exposed 
on a pod of Colutea arborescens, and attended by no fewer than 
four large black ants, of what species I am afraid I do not know, 
which were continually running backwards and forwards over the 
larva, stroking or feeling it with their antenne, in order to get it 
to exude a drop of the sweet mixture which, no doubt, in the 
same way as Polyommatus bellargus or Lycena arion, it has the 
power of doing. It appeared to feel no inconvenience from this 
performance, and was lying basking on the half-eaten pod. The 
larva was of a very pale yellowish-green colour, with a dark 
pink or rose-coloured dorsal line, strongly defined towards the 
head and tail, and lighter in the middle; the subdorsal lines 
were a much paler and less conspicuous pink, all three lines 
being rather thickly spotted with minute black dots; the head 
was of a pinkish tinge, minutely spotted with black; legs very 
light greenish colour. This very rough description of the larva 
was jotted down in my pocket-book when I found it, and, although 
I had no means of exactly measuring it, it must have been 
almost an inch in length, and was of a very slug-like appear- 
ance. When I got back to my hotel that evening I found it had 
already eaten its way into another pod of Colutea, and in this it 
remained three days without coming out, the two ants which I 
had put with it constantly going in and out of the hole in the 
pod, though I could not see what took place inside. On the 
third day the pod cracked and came open at one end, and I found 
the larva had changed into a lightish-brown pupa inside it. 

I was glad to find that Thais medisicaste, in spite of various 
reports to the contrary, seems to be holding its own fairly well, 
though it is an insect which for some reason is more collected 
than anything else at Digne. Everyone appears to want a larger 
series of medisicaste than of anything else; possibly its showy 
upper side, which makes a long row look so well in one’s cabinet, 
has something to do with it ; but Monsieur Cotte, the professional 
collector at Digne, assures me people are far more anxious to 
secure un grand numero of medisicaste than of any other insect. 


294 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


As far as I could make out three 7’. medisicaste var. honoratii had 
been taken this year; Cotte himself had taken a magnificent 
male three days before I arrived. Small larve were fairly com- 
mon on the Aristolochia, basking on the leaves of the plants in 
the hot sun. 

On the 17th, at the foot of the rocks of Les Dourbes, after a 
very hot climb through the thick beech wood, I found Parnassius 
mnemosyne ; males were abundant, but only two females, all in 
very fresh order; and also, in magnificently fresh condition, 
flying a little higher up, Hrebia stygne was common. Here also 
Polyommatus ewmedon was plentiful, rather a small form, and 
only just emerged. One was a very interesting aberration ; the 
under side was of a very pale grey colour, and almost devoid of 
eye-spots on the fore wings, while on the lower wings the wedge- 
shaped mark was wanting, and the row of black dots was reduced 
to two black pin-pricks. Flying here also were a lot of fresh 
Gonopteryx rhamni, Nemeobius lucina (in much better condition 
than lower down), a few Argynnis adippe and B. euphrosyne, with 
occasional Huchloé cardamines, Colias hyale, and a single Hrebia 
evias. 

On the way down, near the little village of Villars, I saw, in 
the hay-fields, Papilio podalirius, and found several half-grown 
larve of this species on small almond trees; Pontia daplidice, L. 
arion, R. argus, Melanargia galatea, and a sprinkling of “‘bur- 
nets,” Zygena radamanthus, a few worn Z. lavandule, and two 
other species at present not identified. On the arid hills below 
Villars I saw hardly anything, but the little epistygne wood near 
the bridge was alive with butterflies; specially abundant were 
L. bellargus and L. corydon, with a good many L. hylas, and I 
also noted L. duponcheli, Polyommatus escheri, Loweia dorilis, 
M. phabe, M. athalia (just out), M. didyma, and a few Parage 
egeria. 

On June 18th Papilio alexanor made its appearance, and I 
took a fine male near the baths, and another later in the day 
nearer Digne, both off thistle-heads, for which it has a well- 
known predilection ; its food-plant (Sesili montanum) still, at this 
date, was barely showing above the ground. In the little fields 
beyond the baths and by the Eaux Thermales insects were 
beginning to be abundant; the two previous days of rain had 
brought things out wonderfully. A. adippe was becoming com- 
mon, a second brood of Brenthis dia was appearing, while C. 
arcana, which was plentiful, was beginning to look the worse for 
wear. C. lavatere, L. dorilis, E. argiades, Theclailicis, P. apollo, 
P. daplidice (very abundant), were all noted, besides many com- 
moner species. 

My last day at Digne (the 19th) was chiefly spent in the 
little lateral valley running into the Eaux Thermales ; here I took 
another P. alecanor and two Brenthis daphne, just emerged. It 


HINTS ON THE. STUDY OF LEAF-HOPPERS. 925 


was amusing to watch the battles between Chrysophanus gordius, 
which was very abundant, and 7’. ilicis for the ‘‘ chief seats” on 
the thyme-flowers, or to see a big A. adippe ‘make for” a purple 
scabious flower already overweighted and overcrowded with a 
family party of, perhaps, a couple of Zygena trifolii, a fiery 
didyma, and a M. galatea, upsetting them all in a most un- 
ceremonious way. ‘The stream-banks here were the favourite 
places for L. duponcheli, L. dorilis (aot common), H. argiades, 
and M. athalia, with the usual quantities of the two “ blues,” 
L. corydon and L. bellargus ; while a little higher up, disporting 
themselves on the now full-blooming privet-flowers, were 7’. ilicis 
(type) and var. esculi, a few fresh Cyaniris argiolus, and some 
very ragged Grapta egea. During the day I worked round the 
hill behind Le Bleone, and here some fresh Huchloé euphenoides 
were out, a single worn male ZL. iolas, with M. galatea, P. dapli- 
dice, and C. gordius (plentiful) ; and by the bridge over the river 
‘I saw, but did not take, another P. alexanor. 

I also got the following list of Arctias during my time at 
Digne, mostly at ‘‘light,” on the side of La Collette :—Arctia 
maculosa, A. casta, Rhyparia purpurata (very common), Arctra 
hebe (one only), A. fasciata, Huprepia pudica, Arctia villica. 


HINTS ON THE STUDY OF LEAF-HOPPEBRS. 
By G. W. KipKaupy. 


TuE neglect in the British Isles—and elsewhere—of the 
Heteroptera is perhaps comprehensible. The prejudice against 
the evil-smelling few is extended to the entire suborder, and the 
interest of their structure and life-history is overlooked. It is 
difficult, however, to understand why this neglect is even greater 
in the case of the Homoptera, and particularly the “ leaf- 
hoppers.” ‘They possess no malodorous glands, their forms are, 
if not usually brightly coloured, at least dainty, and some—for 
example, Tomaspis sanguinea (= Triecphora vulnerata), Tett- 
gonia viridis, Dikraneura aureola, and Hupteryx atropunctata—are 
really pretty. 

The following brief notes are written to lead some of the 
younger entomologists to the most neglected of the larger groups 
of insects, and to notice some of the leading points of interest in 
their life-histories and structure. ‘The British leaf-hoppers have 
been very admirably treated, as regards their systematic descrip- 
tion and tabulation, by Mr. James Edwards, but a great deal 
remains to be done in the discovery of new species, the extension 
of the distribution of those already known, the determination of 
food-plants, and the working out of life-histories. 

(a) New Species.—There must be at least fifty more species 


2.26 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of ‘‘ Cicadina’”’ alone to be recorded from the British Isles, and 
the total is quite likely to reach 325 or 330. As rich localities 
practically unworked, I would specially recommend the Trossachs 
and surrounding country in Scotland, but there is scarcely a 
county more than very partially worked at. 

(b) Species already known.—The locality records in Kdwards’s 
work are usually most meagre, which is, of course, not the 
author’s fault but due to the fact that workers are so few. 

(c) Food-plants. — This is a part of the investigation that 
requires great care. It is obvious that a plant may be quite an 
accidental resort of a leaf-hopper. For instance, Platymetopius 
undata has been recorded from Pteris aquilina and from Quercus 
robur. Now, of course, it is possible that both records are correct, 
but it is very doubtful. Platymetopius wndata is so characteristic 
that there is no chance of wrong identification of the species. 
The probability, as it is a well-known fern-feeder, is that it was 
taken from an oak tree surrounded by fern, the hopper having 
jumped from the latter to the former, perhaps on the approach 
of the collector. Though it is well, therefore, to record all plants 
from which the adults are captured, it is necessary to note 
specially those in which the eggs are deposited, or upon which 
the nymphs are found. 

(d) Life-histories.—The eggs of nearly all the British forms 
are probably inserted in slits made by the female in leaves, twigs, 
or stems of plants, the exceptions being Issus coleoptrata, which 
probably lays them on leaves, &c., covering them with flocculent 
matter, and Tetigometra impressopunctata, which lives in ants’ 
nests, often under stones, and apparently drops its eggs in the 
nest. Olarus and Crxius probably lay their eggs under the 
loose bark of trees. 

The nymphs are more or less like the adult in their four or 
five instars, the rudiments of the flight-organs becoming more 
and more apparent in each further stage. The tarsi are not . 
jointed, and there are other differences, while the nymphs are 
often coloured quite differently from the adult. In the Fulgoroid 
families there are a number of remarkable sensory organs on 
the head, thorax, tegminal and alar pads, and abdomen. 

The nymphs are usually easily reared, in most cases test- 
tubes of medium size being all that is necessary. The several 
stages should be described, the points to look for being :—(1) the 
form of the head, which may differ from that of the adult, and, 
indeed, in the various nymphal instars; (2) the pattern and 
colour ; (3) the number, colour, and disposition of the bristly 
hairs on the abdomen. This last character has not been used 
yet, but is of the greatest importance. 

(e) Parasites.—Leaf-hoppers are particularly subject to para- 
sites, which are usually easily reared from them. The ova in 
grasses and elsewhere will yield Chalcid, Kulophid, and Mymarid 


A FOSSIL HONEY-BEE. DAT 


Hymenoptera; the nymphs will be found attacked by Diptera of 
the Pipunculide, Hymenoptera of the Dryinide and Kucyrtide, 
and Coleoptera of the Stylopide. 

(f) Structwre.—This is discussed sufficiently fully by Edwards. 
Of particular interest are the male genitalia in the ‘‘ Delphacide ” 
and its allies, the mobile tibial spur in the same hoppers, the legs 
in various ‘‘ Jassids”’ and ‘‘ Acocephalids,” the antenne of Ful- 
coroid forms, &c. 

I would, however, specially urge anyone wishing to commence 
the study of leaf-hoppers to rear up the nymphs, which will often 
be found in company with the adults, to note the plants on which 
the nymphs feed, and to search the food-plants for indications of 
the egg-slits. Grasses, rushes, poplars, oaks, and ferns have so 
far afforded the most species, but the whole flora should be in- 
vestigated, as many of the hoppers are very sharply restricted in 
the matter of food-plant. 

Anyone proceeding on the general lines I have indicated will 
find a most fascinating study to hand, and one less worked at 
than any other insect group of equal extent. 


HewpruL LITERATURE. 


Epwarbs (J.).—‘ The Hemiptera-Homoptera .. . of the British 
Islands’ (L. Reeve & Co., London, 1896). The ‘‘Cicadina ” are 
discussed on pp. 1-223, &c., and pls. 1-25, &c. There are two 
editions—one published at something over £2, I believe, with 
coloured plates, and a smaller one with two structural plates, 
published at something less than £1. ‘To those who can afford 
it, I would strongly recommend the former. It is the only 
volume of the series in which the coloured figures are not daubs. 

Prrxins and others.—Bulletins 1-4 of the Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’ Association, div. Kntom. (1905-1907), dealing with 
leaf-hoppers and their parasites, comprising about eight hundred 
pages and nearly sixty plates. 

OsBorn and Batu.—“ Studies of North American Jassoidea,”’ 
1897. ‘Proceedings’ of the Davenport Academy of Natural 
Sciences, vii. pp. 45-100, pls. i-vi. The North American and 
European Homopteral faunas have a great deal in common, and 
the British student cannot fail to profit by reading this valuable 
paper. 


A FOSSIL HONEY-BEE. 
By T. D. A. CockERELL. 


Asour thirty-seven fossil bees have been reported from the 
Tertiary strata of Europe, but many of these have been merely 
alluded to, without descriptions or specific names. Of the named 
species, one is from Corent, France, one from Krottensee, Bo- 


228 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


hemia, eleven are from (iningen, Baden, one is from Orsberg, 
four (very imperfectly known) are from Prussian amber, three 
(two of them said to occur also at Giningen) are from Radoboj, 
Croatia, and four are from Rott, in Rhenish Prussia. ‘The full 
bibliographical details will be found in Scudder’s catalogue of 
fossil insects, Bulletin 71, U.S. Geological Survey. 

Some of the Ciningen species are well preserved, but the 
others are for the most part so imperfect as to be of wholly 
doubtful generic position. Anthophorites gaudryt, Oustalet, 1870, 
from Corent, has a curiously fly-like appearance, according to 
the figure, and, since its hairs are not plumose, it is presumably 
not a bee. Its wings are not preserved, except a small portion 
of the base. ° 

The species from Rott, all described by Heyden (1859 and 
1862), have been assigned to Anthophora, Apis, Bombus, and 
Osmia. 1 found in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at 
Harvard University a series of specimens from Rott, received 
years ago from Dr. Krantz. They are labelled Apis dormitans, 
Anthophora effossa, and Osmia carbonum; but it is evident that 
they were not part of Heyden’s material, as they do not agree with 
his figures and descriptions. The ‘‘ Anthophora effossa,” in fact, 
is an ant, about 5 mm. long. The ‘ Apis dormitans” is repre- 
sented by two specimens, with the venation partially preserved. 
One is about 15 mm. long, stout-bodied, with the hind margins 
of the abdominal segments broadly pale, and the hind basi- 
tarsus broadened. What can be seen of the venation, of both 
anterior and posterior wings, will do for true Apis, except that 
the basal nervure almost meets the transverso-medial, only just 
falling short of it. The transverso-medial of the hind wings is 
scarcely oblique, thus resembling more that of A. florea, Fabr., 
than that of A. mellifera, L., or A. dorsata, Fabr. The approxi- 
mation of the basal nervure to the transverso-medial agrees with 
the living genus Melipona. 

The second ‘‘ Apis dormitans”’ has dark spots at the sides of 
the abdominal segments, and the basal nervure seems straighter. 
It appears to be congeneric with the first, but possibly not con- 
specific. 

That these bees are the genuine A. dormitans certainly can- 
not be affirmed. ‘The original figure of that species shows vena- 
tion which cannot possibly be reconciled with them, even allowing 
for bad drawing ; the size also seems too small. 

‘““Osmia carbonum”’ is represented by a very good specimen, 
with reverse ; and an example of a quite different, much smaller, 
species, the venation of which cannot be seen. ‘The original 
O. carbonum, as also the original Anthophcra effossa, was without 
any visible wings. 

The other specimen, with reverse, is evidently congeneric, at 
least, with the specimens of ‘' Apis dormitans.” It is undoubtedly 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF AGATHINA) FROM BORNEO. 229 


very close to the modern genus Apis; separable subgenerically, 
perhaps, because the basal nervure meets, or almost meets, the 
transverso-medial, as in Melipona. As there is no reason to 
suppose that it has anything to do with Osmia carbonum (which, 
in any event, is indeterminate), and since it cannot be reconciled 
with A. dormitans, it may be described as follows :— 


Apis (Synapis, subg. nov.) henshawi, sp. nov. 

%. Length 15 or 16 mm.; vertex with long erect black hair, as 
in A. mellifera ; this hair appears to be plumose; mandibles toothless, 
obliquely truncate, quite as in modern Apis; mesothorax bare; an- 
tenne normal; tongue long, normal; abdomen banded; claws bifid, 
the inner tooth short, as in modern Apis; pulvillus well-developed ; 
sting visible ; venation as in modern Apis, except that the basal nervure 
almost meets the transverso-medial, and the upper side of the second 
submarginal cell seems shorter ; the long marginal cell, with rounded 
apex, the peculiar submarginals, the basal with its lower section much 
the longest, &c., are plainly visible, but unfortunately the termination 
of the second recurrent nervure cannot be seen. 

The insect is named after Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of the Museum 
of Comparative Zoology. 

The Museum of Comparative Zoology also contains an ex- 
ample of Anthophorites mellona, Heer, from Giningen, determined 
by Heer himself. It is stout-bodied, 17 or 18 mm. long, abdomen 
apparently banded; hind tibia visible, and shaped as in Apis. 
The venation cannot be seen, but a large part of it was visible in 
Heer’s original type, as his figure shows. 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF AGATHINA (BRACONIDA) 
FROM BORNEO. 


By P. Cameron. 


J Euagathis leptopterus, sp. nov. 


Luteous; the flagellum of antenne and the hind tarsi fuscous. 
Wings, including the costa, stigma, and nervures, bright luteous, 
except for a blackish spot, longer than wide and of equal width, 
behind the parastigma, the body and legs densely covered with a short 
pale pubescence. 2. Length 10 mm. 

Wings long, narrow; the areolet 4-angled, narrowed in front; the 
lower part of the second transverse cubital nervure narrowed and 
sloped towards the base of the cellule. Malar space a little shorter 
than the eyes. Parapsidal furrows distinct, but neither wide nor 
deep. Basal slope of scutellum broadly margined above; behind it 
are two rows of distinct punctures, the apex rounded, margined by a 
stout keel. Post-scutellum wider than long, of equal width; the 
lateral keels stout; a stout keel runs from the middle of the apical 
one. On the base of the metanotum, in the centre, are three aree, 


230 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


all longer than wide; the central is slightly narrowed towards the 
base, and has a stout transverse keel near the middle; the lateral is 
widened at the base ; the apex is rounded and longer on the outer than 
the inner side. Mesopleuree above the stoutly crenulated furrow 
smooth ; below it closely punctured, as is also the sternum. Abdo- 
men smooth, hardly so long as the thorax ; the ovipositor short. 


Kuching, Borneo. 

Allied to H. borneoensis, Szép., which may be known by the 
black legs. The species is an exact mimic of [phiaulax lepto- 
pterus, Cam., also from Sarawak, 


VJ Cremnops satapensis, sp. nov. 


Black ; covered with short black pubescence; the four tibize dark 
testaceous in front, their tarsi rufo-testaceous ; wings black to the base 
of the stigma, milky-white beyond, the stigma, except at the base and 
apical nervures, pale testaceous; the areolet almost square; the 
second transverse, cubital nervure slightly rounded, narrowed behind. 

?. Length 9 mm.; ovipositor 7 mm. 

Satap, Borneo. September (John Hewitt). 

Malar space longer than the eyes. Palpi testaceous. Scutellar 
depression deep, large, with three stout keels in the middle. The 
central area of metanotum extends to the apex, is narrower than the 
lateral, and has two keels above the middle; its outer keels curve out- 
wardly at the top; there are two lateral arew, the upper wider and 
longer than the apical. There is a curved row of fovee on the base 
of the mesopleure, commencing shortly above the middle; the upper 
long, narrow, shallow; the two apical shorter, wider, and much 
deeper, and they reach to the apex, which is bounded by a widely 
crenulated furrow. Abdomen smooth; the second segment with a 
distinct curved, transverse furrow beyond the middle; the basal ventral 
segment is for the greater part white. 


This species has the coloration of Iphiaulax pheres, Cam., 
also from Kuching. Along with it Mr. Hewitt sends a Dipteron 
of exactly the same coloration and size. 


CURRENT NOTES (New SeErtss). 
By G. W. KirKatpy. 


(Continued from p. 206.) 


1. Bau, A.: “Diptera Fam. Muscaride, Subfam. Cistrine,”’ 
Gen. Ins. fase. 48, pp. 1-31, (col.) pls. 1-2 (1906). 

2. Brugs, C. T.: ‘Diptera Fam. Phoride,” op. cit. 44, pp. 1-21, 
(col.) pls. 1-2 (1906). 

8. Berurse, A.: ‘Sopra una anomalia negli organi sessuali 
esterni femminei di Locusta viridissima, L.,” Redia iil. 
305-14, figs. 1-7 (July 14th, 1906). Orthoptera. 


10. 


a es 


12. 


1 


14. 


15. 
16; 
iW 


18. 


CURRENT NOTES. 931 


. Banxs, C.. 8.: ‘Problems in Economic Entomology in 


the Philippines.” Philippine J. Sci. i. 1067-74 (December, 
1906). 


. Buysson, R. pu: ‘‘ Monographie des Vespides du genre 


Nectarina,” A. S. E. France, lxxiv. 587-66, pls. 11-16 
(December, 1905). Hymenoptera. 


. Durvy, G.: “Sur la date d’éclosion de Smerinthus tiie,” 


B.S. E. France, 1906, pp. 218-9. Lepidoptera. 


. Dyar, H. G., and Kwan, F.: ‘On the Classification of the 


Mosquitoes,” Canad. Ent. xxxix. 47-50 (February 14th, 
1907). 


. Fepertey, H.: “ Den experimentella lepidopterologin och 


dess historia,” Ent. Tidskr. xxvii. 148-57 (December 29th, 
1906). 


. Ferton, C.: ‘‘ Notes détachées sur l’instinct des Hyméno- 


ptéres melliféres et ravisseurs’’ (third series), A. S. E. 
France, lxxiv. 56-104, pls. 83-4 (July, 1905). 

Horvatu, G.: ‘ Synopsis Tingitidarum regionis pale- 
arctice,” Ann. Mus. Hung. iy. 1-118, 1 col. pl. and 
4 text-figs. (1906). Hemiptera. 

Jones, B.J.: ‘‘ Catalogue of the Ephydride {of the world], 
with Bibliography and Descriptions of New Species,” Techn. 
Bull. Univ. California Ent i. 153-98, pl. 1 [two views| 
(October, 1906). Diptera. 

JEANNEL, R.: ‘“‘ Note sur une anomalie antennaire observée 
chez Carabus splendens, Fabr.,” B. S. KE. France, 1905, 
pp. 143-4, 1 fig. Coleoptera. 

Liz-Pretrersen, O. J.: ‘‘ Zur Kenntnis der Apterygoten- 
fauna des nordlichen Norwegens,’ Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 
xxvili. 51-76, pl. 1 (December 1st, 1906). Thysanura and 
Coleoptera. 

Lesnz, P.: ‘Notes sur les mcoeurs et sur habitat du 
Platyparea pceciloptera schrank et de l’Agromyza de 
l’Asperge,” Bull. 8. E. France, 1905, pp. 12-18, fig. 1. 
Diptera. 

Lampa, S.: ‘‘Beriittelse till K. Landtbruksstyrelsen angaende 
verksamheten vid statens entomologiska anstalt under ar 
1905,” Ent. Tidskr. xxvii. 17-64 (July 21st, 1906). 

Ip.: ‘‘Ronnbirsmalen (Argyresthia conjugella, Zell.),” op. 
cit. 1-16, pl. 1 (July 21st, 1906). Lepidoptera and 
Hymenoptera. 

Mucuuarpt, H.: ‘“Bidrag till Kannedomen om Sveriges 
Hemiptera och deras utbreding inom landet,” op. cit. 
125-88. 

Mercaur, M. M.: ‘An Outline of the Theory of Organic 
Evolution,” ed. 2 (London and New York), i-xxii and 
1-212, pls. 1-101 (18 col.), text-figs. 1-46 (1906) [first 
edition, 1904). 


232 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


19. Pursanix, C.: ‘Sur la présence de venin dans les ceufs 
d’Abeilles,” B. S. E. France, 1905, 201-3. Hymenopteré. 

20. OpertHuR, C.: ‘‘ Variations de Lépidopteres,” op. cit. 55-9. 

91. Pro, M.: ‘Sur Crioceris asparagi, L., et ses variétés,” op. 
cit. 1906, pp. 119-23. Coleoptera. 

22. Picarp, F.: ‘‘Sur les changements de coloration chez les 
miles de quelques Libellulides,” op. cit. 166-7. Odonata. 

23. Royrer, M.: ‘‘ Synonymie du T'riecphora sanguinolenta, Scop., 
et de deux espéeces voisines,”’ op. cit. 297-8 (1907). Hemi- 
ptera-Homoptera. 

24. Ip.: ‘A propos d’Elasmostethus minor, Horv.,” op. cit. 
287-8, figs. 1-4 (1907). Hemiptera. 

25. Strvestri, F.: ‘‘ Note sur Machilide,” op. cit. 325-40, figs. 
1-15 (August 18th, 1906). Thysanura. 

26. Ip.: ‘‘ Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei Termitidi e Ter- 
mitofili dell’ Eritrea,” op. cit. 341-59, figs. 1-22 (September 
28th, 1906). Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera. 

27. ScunempeR, J. §.: ‘‘ Saltdalens Lepidopterfauna 2det 
bidrag,” Tromso Mus. Aarsh. xxviii. 103-62 (February 
26th, 1907). 

98. Tutuaren, A.: ‘‘Intryckforan en praktiskt-entomologisk 
studiereresa i utlandet, sommaren 1906,” Ent. Tidskr. 
xxvii. 159-81 (December 29th, 1906). 

29. Wauucren, E.: “ Svensk insektfauna. 1. Forsta ordningen. 
Borstvansar och Hoppstjartar. Apterygogenea,” op. cit. 
233-70, figs. 1-380 (December 29th, 1906). 

30. Perxins, R.C.L.: ‘‘ Parasites of Leaf-hoppers.”’ Krrxanpy, 
G. W.: ‘‘ Leaf-hoppers,” Bull. Exp. Sta. H. S. P. A. iv. 
1-66 (May Ist, 1907). Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. 

Metealf’s work is drawn largely from entomological sources 
(18). Lampa’s Report on the Work of the Entomological Divi- 
sion of the Swedish Agricultural Station for 1905 contains brief 
notes on a number of more or less noxious Swedish insects, most 
of which are also British (15). 

Tullgren publishes his impressions of the economic work 
done at Copenhagen, Hamburg, Wageningen, Geissenheim, 
Vienna, Budapest, Halle, and Berlin (28). 

Silvestri continues his researches on Machilide, and promises ~ 
a monograph. Incidentally he gives a synoptic table of the 
palearctic species of Machilis (25). Wahlgren (29) synopsizes 
the Thysanura and Collembola of Sweden in a paper which will 
be useful to British workers, while Lie-Pettersen (13) contributes 
to our knowledge of these forms in Northern Norway. 

Berlese describes and discusses the morphology and anatomy 
of a Locustid with two ovipositors (8). 

Horvath has monographed the palearctic Tingide, with 
tables of genera and species, and references to food-plants. The 
coloured plate is one of Fieber’s, unpublished for about forty 


CURRENT NOTES. 2338 


years (10). Muchhardt briefly notes fifteen Swedish Hetero- 
ptera, most of which occur also in Britain; information on 
food-plants and localities is afforded (17). 

Royer has shown (23) that there is some confusion in the 
names given to three of the commoner European T’omaspis, the 
name “‘ sanguinolenta, Linné”’ being later than ‘ sanguinolenta, 
Scopoli.”’ The correct synonymy he gives as follows :— 

(1) sanguinolenta, Scopoli, 1763 = mactata, Germ., 1821 = 
distinguenda, Kirschb., 1868, &c. 

(2) sanguinea, Geoffroy, 1785 = vulnerata, Germar, 1821, &c. 

(3) intermedia, Kirschbaum, 1868 = obliterata, Kairschb., 
1868 = sanguinolenta, Linné (pt.), 1766. 

‘ Sanguinea,”” however, was preoccupied in Cicada before 
1763, so that we can still call the British species T’omaspis 
vulnerata. 

The recent addition (24) to the French hemipterous fauna of 
Elasmostethus minor, a Cimicid up till recently confused with 
E. interstinctus (Linn.),* makes it possible that the former is to 
be found in the British Isles. The food-plant is, it is true, an 
introduced plant, now, however, thoroughly established, and the 
bug should be looked for either on this or on its congener, the 
honeysuckle. The differences between the two forms may be 
stated as follows :— 


INTERSTINCTUS. MINOR. 
3. Second genital With a small black Not spinose. 
segment. spine at the side pos- 
teriorly. 
9. Genital seg- Truncate apically in A little emarginate 
ment. the middle. apically in the middle. 
Angle formed by the Obtuse. Acute. 
meeting of this and of 
the last tergite. 
Food-plants. Betula alba, Saliz, Lonicera xylostewm. 
Populus. 


Jeannel records (12) a Carabus with the third segment of the 
right antenna trifid. This segment is flattened and dilated, 
wider apically than basally, giving rise to three segments at its 
apex, the two supplementary branches each being composed of 


* KH. interstinctus (Linn.) = Acanthosoma dentatwm of Saunders’s 
Hem. Het. Brit., and must not be confounded with A. (H.) interstinctwm of 
the same work, which = griseus (Linn.). 

ENTOM.—OCTOBER, 1907. x 


934 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


two segments. Pic (21) discusses the varieties of the asparagus 
beetle. 

Dupuy states that Smerinthus tilie is double-brooded in some 
parts of France (6). 

Sparre Schneider has a lengthy list of Norwegian Lepidoptera 
(27), with a full discussion. 

Federley gives a résumé of the temperature experiments on 
Lepidoptera of Weissmann, Merrifield, Standfuss, and others (8). 
Lampa discusses the metamorphoses and habits of Argyresthia 
conjugella, which, in Sweden as in Britain, feeds on rowan berries 
(Pyrus aucuparia). He also deals with Carpocapsa pomonella, 
and the sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea, on apple, though the two 
last are not indicated in the title. The paper is illustrated by a 
coloured plate (16). Oberthur has brief notes on certain varieties 
of Chrysophanus phleas, Abraxas grossulariata, &e. (20). 

Picard (22) states that the males of those dragonflies which 
are different in coloration from their females are not so at their 
emergence from the nymph or for some days after; this seems 
to be due to the fact that spermatogenesis is not finished, as in 
most other insects, at the instant of emergence, but is delayed 
for some days. 

Phisalix demonstrates the presence of venom in the eggs of 
bees, in the proportion of about the one hundred and fiftieth part 
of the weight of the egg. A young sparrow died two hours after 
inoculation from an injection of an emulsion resulting from the 
preparation of nine hundred and twenty-six bees’ eggs (19). 

Ferton continues his notes on the habits of Hymenoptera, 
dealing with Osmia, Tachysphex, Gorytes, Pompilus, Chrysis, &c. 
The plates principally show the insects attacked and the manner 
of attachment of the egg (9). 

R. du Buysson has monographed Nectarina—a genus of 
social wasps inhabiting America only, not neglecting to sum- 
marize (in three and a half pages) their biology. Four of the 
six plates figure nests of various species (5). . 

Lesne has made notes on the habits of a Trypetid and of an 
Agromyzid attacking asparagus (14). 

Bau and Brues have monographed the genera of certain 
Diptera (1 and 2) ; in the Gistrine twenty-one, and in the Phoride | 
twenty-three, genera are recognized. 

All Theobald’s subfamilies of Culicidz are held by Dyar and 
Knab to be untenable, these authors finding only two, Culicine 
and Sabethine. The classification based on palpi is ruled out, 
the differences being of a secondary sexual nature, and some- 
times variable within the limits of a single species. One new 
character is used, 7. ¢., a tibial comb, which is supposed to act 
as a cleansing organ for the body parts or wings (7). 

Perkins (30) continues his researches on parasites of leaf- 
hoppers, summarizing his observations. 


j 235 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Mate LastocaMPpA QUERCUS ATTRACTED BY (?) ODONESTIS POTATORIA 
Femate.—On July 14th, in the neighbourhood of Abersoch, Car- 
narvonshire, I found a very much crippled moth, which, with some 
hesitation, I concluded was a female Odonestis potatoria. The wings 
were almost scaleless and very short. I put the specimen in an 
ordinary glass-bottomed pill-box, intending to try ‘‘ sembling”’ in the 
evening on the sand-hills. My companion put the box in his pocket, 
and shortly afterwards, about 4 p.m., netted a moth which came per- 
sistently flying round him. This moth was a male Lasiocampa quercus. 
In the evening males of O. potatoria ‘‘sembled”’ freely. Several 
were boxed, and one paired with the crippled specimen, which un- 
doubtedly was O. potatoria. Whether it attracted the male L. quercus 
in the afternoon, or whether it was merely a coincidence that the 
latter came flying round, I am unable to say, but am inclined to think 
it came on a false scent. I may add that we had not been taking 
I. quercus, and none of our boxes had contained any female of this 
species during this season.—A. Harrison; Delamere, 8. Woodford. 


ReE-occuRRENCE IN Brirain or Pyrauis LIENIGIALIS, Z.—So far as I 
was aware last spring, the only captures of this species in Britain had 
been made by Messrs. J. Bryan and W. Thompson,’ who secured 
several specimens near Stony Stratford, Bucks, in and about the year 
1880, as recorded by the latter gentleman in Kntom. xiv. 84-85 (1881), 
and also in Ent. Mo. Mag. xvil. 256 (1881). It was, therefore, with 
special pleasure and interest that, on May 29th last, whilst glancing 
through the collection of Lepidoptera formed by Mr. Vernon P. 
Kitchen, just prior to its dispersal by auction at Mr. Stevens’ rooms, 
I caught sight of a specimen of Pyralis lienigialis, Z., standing in the 
series of P. farinalis, L. Fortunately for me it apparently escaped 
the notice of others, and the Lot in which it was included became my 
property at a nominal figure. The individual in question was labeiled 
“Haddenham,” and further information, kindly supplied by Mr. 
Kitchen, shows that it was taken by him at Haddenham, Bucks, in 
1908. It is a curious coincidence that the only two ascertained 
British localities for this scarce insect (whose life-history is, I believe, 
still altogether unknown), although lying rather over twenty miles 
apart ‘‘as the crow flies,’ and very near the boundary-line of the 
county, happen to be both situated in Buckinghamshire.—Husrace Rh, 
Bankes; Norden, Corfe Castle, August 19th, 1907. 


On tHe Discovery oF tHe Foop-puant or Acriprinia (BucKLERtrA) 
paLupuM, Zell.—In the course of his kind references to myself in his 
interesting note under the above heading (antea, pp. 187-8), the Rev. 
O. P. Cambridge says, ‘‘ There remained, however, one plant—the 
sundew (Drosera)—whose likelihood to be the true one certainly never 
crossed our minds; though Mr. Bankes tells me that it did occur to 
him some few years ago, but only to be dismissed at the time as an 
untenable idea.” The matter is now of very secondary importance, 
but since I am unable to accept this last clause as accurate, Mr. Cam- 
bridge will, I feel sure, forgive me for mentioning that he must have 
misunderstood some of my remarks to him on the point, as is proved 


236 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


by my statement that was published in Mr. Tutt’s Nat. Hist. Brit. 
Lep. v. 497 (1906). It runs as follows :—‘*‘ Although Drosera rotundi- 
folta, from its well-known peculiarities of structure, &c., and carni- 
vorous habits, seemed so unlikely to be the food-plant of Buckleria 
paludum, I had suspected, ever since 1890, that it might be so, from 
having then noted it as apparently the only possible food-plant which 
was common to the spots known to me for the insect. A thorough 
search, however, on this and other plants, in 1891 and subsequent 
years, produced no result, doubtless owing to the great abundance of 
Drosera and the scarcity of the larva.” It is obvious that, if my sus- 
picion that Drosera was the food-plant had been ‘‘ dismissed at the 
time as untenable,” I should not have taken the first opportunity, 
after it had been aroused, of thoroughly searching that plant in the 
hope of finding the larva, and have renewed the search thereon in other 
years.—Hustace R. Banxes; Norden, Corfe Castle, August 26th, 1907. 


Increase oF Burrerrums in Mauritius: a Correction.—In the 
June number of the ‘ Entomologist,’ Captain Tulloch, when writing 
on the above subject, refers to a letter of mine, in which I had stated 
that I had captured Zizera maha in Mauritius. The insect was not 
as I supposed, Z. maha, but Z. autanossa, Mabille. My excuse must 
be that, at the time, I had no collection or books to refer to, and was 
speaking from my recollection of 7. maha. The point of the correc- 
tion, however, lies in the fact that 7. maha does not occur in the 
Kthiopian region, and its reported capture in Mauritius might lead to 
the faulty inference that Mauritius, so far as its butterfly fauna is con- 
cerned, had some connection with the Oriental region.—N. Manpers, 
Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C.; Glastonbury Abbey, August 23rd. 


Notes on Lyc#na aroiapEs, Pall.—Under the above heading, in 
the number of the ‘ Entomologist’ for September, 1907, Mr. N. C. 
Rothschild (p. 201) says he ‘should be interested to know to which 
form the few known British examples of L. argiades belong”?! These 
forms are detailed and discussed in the previous portion of his paper. 
As I possess two out of, as I believe, the only three authenticated 
British specimens of this insect, perhaps it will be sufficient for Mr. 
Rothschild’s purpose if I offer the following remarks on my two 
specimens. The male has two orange spots beneath the hinder 
extremity of each hind wing. ‘The female (almost entirely black 
above) has a small dull orange spot (in connection with a small black 
one) just above the base of the little tail on the upper side of each 
hind wing. The third British example I have alluded to was taken at 
Bournemouth on August 21st, 1885, by a Mr. Tudor, then a pupil at 
the ‘‘ Forest School,’’ Walthamstow. This specimen was thus cap- 
tured practically at the same time as the two on which I have given 
the above information, and subsequently I examined it myself in Mr. 
Tudor’s collection at the Forest School. The only other examples, so 
far as I am aware, that have laid any claim to British origin are two 
(both males) recorded by the Rey. J. 8. St. John in the November 
number of the ‘Hntomologist,’ 1885. I had some correspondence 
with Mr. St. John on the subject of these two specimens, the result of 
which was my conviction that their origin was Continental, not 
British. They passed out of Mr. St. John’s possession, and subse- 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 237 


quently came into the auction-room, in London, where, as I was 
informed by several entomological friends, there was very little faith 
in them as genuinely British specimens. They were purchased, how- 
ever, by the late Mr. C. W. Dale, and are now in that gentleman’s 
collection, in the University Museum, Oxford. For a description and 
figures of my two specimens, see Proc. Dors. N. H. & A. F. Club, 
vol. vil., 1886, p. 79, pl. v.—O. Pickarp-CampBringe ; September 7th, 
1907. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


Myertopuita crisrumM IN Surrey.—This species is not uncommon 
now in this district. I first met with it (in the larva state) three years 
ago, when looking for the larva of another species, in dead thistle 
stems, and have found it sparingly each winter since. IJ did not meet 
with the imago until last year, when I noticed a single specimen in 
the garden; but in July last I noticed quite a dozen when crossing a 
field near here which has not been cultivated for three years, and is 
now overgrown with rough herbage. They were sitting singly and in 
pairs on the leaves of their favourite food-plant (Carduus lanceolatus). 
I have found the larva at Sutton, so that it appears to be working 
across the county in a westerly direction. I am strongly of opinion 
that it has reached this part of the county very recently from Kent. 
Mr. W. R. Jeffrey (Ent. Mo. Mag. xli. 235) recorded its occurrence 
near Ashford and eleven miles west of that town, and suggested that 
it might have reached Surrey, which is undoubtedly the case.— 
A. Taurnatt; Thornton Heath. 

With reference to your note on the occurrence of Myelophila cribrum 
in Surrey, I may state that I took three specimens at light on Tooting 
Common on the 1st July, 1905.—Joun ALpERSON. 

I captured two specimens of M. cribrum at light here on July 3rd 
last.—Prrcy Ricuarps; Queen’s Road, Kingston Hill. 


Levcania unrpuncta 1n Drvyon.—On September 7th my father took 
a perfect specimen (bred condition) of Leucania unipuncta (eatranea) 
on sugar at Paignton.—P. P. Mmman; Cyprina, Paignton, Devon. 


SpHinx convontvuti in Durnam.—I beg to report that a specimen 
of S. convolvuli, in moderate condition, was taken at rest in his garden 
here by Mr. J. Taylor on the 17th inst. I believe that this is the first 
time this fine insect has been taken in this city.—'T’, Mappison, F’.E.S. ; 
South Bailey, Durham. 


Srrex cicas 1n Witsuire.—A fortnight ago a friend of mine 
captured a specimen of the above insect at Woodford, near here, and 
brought it to me alive. I have only just succeeded in identifying it. 
Possibly the capture may be of interest.—W. A. Boeur; Wilts and 
Dorset Banking Company, Limited, Salisbury, September 9th, 1907. 


HELIOTHIS PELTIGERA IN SoutH Drvon.—In this uncanny season 
it may be of interest to record the finding of H. peltigera larve, and 
that the moths are now emerging. I took six during the second week 
in August in South Devon; these went to ground in a few days, and 


238 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


to-day (September 8rd) the first moth emerged. Is not this period of 
pupation unusually short, seeing that pups were only under the 
influence of ordinary kitchen temperature and by no means hardly 
forced ?—Lestie Burt; Broadley, Coedcanas, Begelly, R.S.0O., Pem- 
brokeshire, September 8rd, 1907. 


CoLLectinG oN THE LincounsHirE Coast.—Between the Humber 
and the Wash there extends a stretch of coast line of slightly convex 
outline and similar in character along its length. About the centre is 
placed the village of Sutton-on-Sea, a place unknown to me before the 
present year and possibly new to some of my brother entomologists, so 
that a few notes thereon may be of interest. JI spent two short 
periods there, between August 6th and August 20th, and during that 
time it rained every day. This, I believe, is unusual, for the district 
is noted for dry bracing air and sunshine. The place is easily de- 
scribed. ‘he shore, which is of great extent at low tide, consists of 
very firm sand, interspersed with patches of hard, slippery mud. 
Next the shore is a range of high sand-hills, averaging fifty feet high, 
with a width of, perhaps, seventy yards at their base, bare on the side 
next the sea and covered with growth on the land side. Behind the 
dunes flat fen-land stretches for several miles, but some slight undula- 
tions are to be found, and hills can be seen in the distance some eight 
miles away. ‘The growth on the dunes is mainly couch grass, with 
some marram, false oat, and other grasses, ragwort, knapweed, 
hounds’-tongue, thistles, burdock, and other weeds, as well as large 
areas of elder and sea-buckthorn. The land behind the dunes is 
mostly arable, but there is some pasture, and many water-weeds and 
rushes grow in the dykes that separate the fields and in the hollows 
that have been dug for clay. The weather prohibited much work 
in the daytime, for the winds were strong and the sky mostly cloudy. 
Butterflies were naturally few, and those seen comprised Pieris rapa, 
P.napi, Vanessa urticea, Epiniphele ianira, Eb. tithonus, and Chrysophanus 
phleas. Porthesia similis and Leucoma salicis were common enough. 
Bryophiia perla was to be found on the walls, and Hubolia limitata was 
in fair condition. On sugar in the evenings there was no lack of 
insects. They arrived early, as soon as the mixture was put on; they 
stayed late; they fought persistently, and were hardly to be driven 
away. Most noticeable among them was Yylophasia monoglypha. It 
simply swarmed; its ferocity was wonderful to see, and it showed 
a fine variation from the lightest to the darkest forms. The next 
plentiful insect, perhaps, was Miana literosa, but M. bicoloria, Triphena 
pronuba, T’. comes, Xylophasia lithoxylea, Leucania pallens, L. impura, 
L. lithargyria, Apamea didyma, Agrotis exclamationis, A. nigricans, 
A. tritici, Noctua c-nigrum, and Hadena oleracea were in some numbers, 
accompanied by a few Acronycta psi, Calamia phragmitidis, Cerigo 
matura, Mamestra brassicae, Caradrina alsines, Agrotis vestigalis, and 
Acidalia dimidiata. Luperina testacea came to light but not to sugar. 
Possibly a longer list could have been made from insects on sugar but 
for the aggressiveness of X. monoglypha. That is, I fear, an oft- 
repeated tale, but 1 have never seen it so well merited as in this 
instance.—b. W. Apxin; Trenoweth, 8, Hope Park, Bromley, Kent. 


239 
SOCIETIES. 


THE Souru Lonpon Enromovoeicar anp Naturau History Socrety.— 
July 25th.—My. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the chair.—Mr. Newman 
exhibited a long bred series of Arctia viilica from larve collected in 
North Kent, and including a number of asymmetrical forms with 
aberrant markings.—Mr. R. Adkin, the coleopteron Anobiwm panaceum 
which had been found destructive to sample packets of tobaceo.—Mr. 
Sich, 1 specimen of Tortria pronubana, taken in his garden at Chiswick. 
—Mr. South, a short series of Abraaas sylvata, including some curiously 
clouded forms.—Mr. West (Greenwich), three rare species of Hemiptera 
from the New Forest, Msycorus eneus, Corivus maculatus, and Lopus gothi- 
cus.—Mr, Step, photographs of Lepidoptera at rest, taken during the 
field-meeting of the Society at Box Hill.—Mr. Clark, an unusually pink 
form of Amorpha popult. 

August 8th.—President in the chair.—Mr. South exhibited a hybrid 
specimen of Malacosoma, M. castrensis x M. neustria, and read notes. — 
Mr. Montgomery, a bred specimen of J'ovocampa cracce from North Corn- 
wall.—Mr. Newman, an exceptionally pink form of Saturnia carpini, a 
very dark form of Smerinthus ocellatus,a dark bred Arctia caja, living larve 
of Hnnomos autumnaria from Dover, and a cocoon of Anthrocera filipen- 
dul@, from which the pupa had been extracted by birds.—Mr. Goulton, 
a female of the sawfly, Surea gigas, from Sutton.—Mr. Sich, the egg- 
shells, mines, cocoon and imago of Cemiostoma laburnella from Chiswick. 

August 22nd.— President in the chair.— Mr. Harrison exhibited 
series of Hyria muricata (auroraria) from Wicken and the New Forest, 
and made remarks on the variation of the species. — Mr. Tonge, the 
living larva of Saturnia pyri, from Continental ova and larve of 
Dipterygia scabriuscula from ova laid by a female taken at Reigate.— 
Mr. Newman, a larva of Dicranura bicuspis from Tilgate Forest, and 
pointed out the difference from D. bifida.—Mr. Turner, specimens from 
West Australia, including (1) Delias aganippe; a brilliant Pierid— 
Apina callisto; a Noctuid moth—Lycenesthes inous; the Pyrale Mecyna 
polygonalis ; and the two Tineids, Cryptolechia alveola and Tinea 
clathrata. (2) Three cases of a large species of Psychid, (ceticus 
sp. ?, made of short twigs, with a number of parasites of the genus 
Bassus, which had emerged from one case. (3) Examples of the 
Coccus, males, called the ‘‘ Paradise fly.’’ (4) A series of the males 
of the Lamellicorn beetle Rhipidocera femorata, with beautifully 
developed antenne. (5) A specimen of Helaus femoratus, a Tene- 
brionid with curiously developed margins to the thorax and elytra; 
and (6) a Gordius worm extracted from the abdomen of an Hrebia 
ligea, taken on the Rigi, Switzerland, on August 29th.—Mr. Moore, 
numerous species of Lepidoptera taken during a short trip to Wimereux, 
and read notes on the exhibit, which included Anthrocera trifolii, 
Melanargia gaiatea, and A. melilotiim Dr. Chapman, a specimen of 
Lycena eumedon from Gavarnie, Pyrenees, apparently an extreme form 
of the ab. subradiata ; and a specimen of L. argus (@gon) with unusually 
well-marked spot variation on the under side.—Mr. Rayward, living 
larve of Cucullia lychnitis, and remarked on a curious colour differ- 
ence between larve captured and those from ova in captivity.—Mr. 
Turner, larve of C. verbasci and C. lychnitis, and pointed out the 
difference in markings. He also showed a specimen of the large 


’ 


240 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


mud-wasp, Sceliphron letus, with its nest, from West Australia.—Mr. 
R. Adkin exhibited specimens of Eupithecia dodoneata from East- 
bourne, taken on the cliffs, and, commenting on their occurrence so 
far from the nearest oak-trees, suggested that their food-plant had 
been the evergreen oak, which grew somewhat near where they were 
taken; he also showed a series of FE. oblongata, bred from flower- 
heads of Centaurea at HKastbourne.—Mr. Sich, cases of Coleophora 
albicosta, found on a furze-bush in Surrey; and also the larve of 
Pararge mera from ova, and feeding on Poa annua, but only in the 
early morning and in the evening.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


Birmincuam EnromouocicaL Socrety.— July 1st, 1907.— Mr. R. 8S. 
Searle in the chair.—Mr. Hubert Langley reported finding Stawopus 
fagi in Princethorpe Woods, near Leamington, on June 15th and 
22nd last. This was the first certain record in the county. Also at 
the same place, Larentia silaceata, Boarmia roboraria, and Lymantria 
monacha. He also showed males of Dasychira pudibunda, taken on 
the wing one night in the same wood, and said that on that night 
they were quite common.—Mr. R. 8. Searle showed bred Cherocampa 
elpenor from Wicken, together with a hymenopterous parasite from 
same, probably Protichnewmon laminatorius—Mr. J. T. Fountain, 
another ichneumon which he had bred, also from elpenor, one of the 
large red species; Mr. Fountain showed also a bred series of Angeruna 
prunaria, including all its forms.—Mr. Langley, a number of cocoons of 
a hymenopterous parasite bred from larvee of Geometra papilionaria.— 
Cousran J. Watnweicut, Hon. Sec. 


Ciry or Lonpon Entomotoaicat Socrety.—September 8rd, 1907.— 
Mr. A. J. Wightman, of Lewes, was elected a member of the Society. 
—Mr. 8. J. Bell exhibited Zygena trifolit-major from North Cornwall, 
end of July, 1907; in most of the specimens the spots were more or 
less confluent, while in one instance they were merged into one large 
blotch occupying two-thirds of the wing area.—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, 
larvee of Hemithea thymiaria, feeding on thyme; also Orthosia upsilon 
ab. nigrescens (Tutt), Grammesia trilinea ab. obscura (Tutt), and Xylo- 
phasia monoglypha ab. infuscata (White), all from Mucking.—Mr. J. A. 
Clark, Dryas paphia reared from valezina ova; of twelve specimens 
bred five were valezina.—Mr. H. M. Edelsten, Zyyena trifolii-major 
from Norfolk Broad, late July, 1907, mostly with confluent central 
spots.—Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor, larve and pup of Nemeobia lucina 
reared from ova laid by a West Horsley female.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, 
a long series of Spilodes palealis taken at Dover between July 24th 
and August 3rd, 1907; also Polyommatus phleas var. intermedia from 
Reigate, and Cherocampa porcellus with right wings of normal southern 
coloration and left wings of almost unicolorous yellowish shade often 
seen in northern specimens.—Mr. C. P. Pickett, a yellow Callimorpha 
dominula from Deal, and Lycena aleais ab. obsoleta from Clandon.— 
Mr. J. Riches, Abraxas grossulariata fron. North London, with wings 
thickly ‘‘ powdered ”’ with black scales.—S. J. Bunn, Hon. Sec. 


On THE RearinG oF Paprinio popaLirius.—The name of the writer 
of the note on this subject (ante, p. 211), there omitted, is Francis T. 
Gilliat, Forest Dene, Worth, Sussex. 


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THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


[No. 534 


NOVEMBER, 1907. 


Vout. XL] 


NOTES ON A SUMMER TOUR IN SWITZERLAND. 
By H. Rowzanp-Brown, M.A., F.E.S. 
(PuatTE V.) 


In a short paper dealing with a tour in Southern France this 
May (antea, p. 149), I had good reason to deplore the continual 
overcast weather which militated so strongly against success with 
the butterflies of that region, and also the lateness of all such 
species as actually were observed. I regret to say that I must 
take up the parable again with much the same comment, for 
though in Switzerland the weather from the middle of July 
onward to the middle of August was as a rule sunny and warm, 
the effects of a cold cloudy spring, continued right through to the 
very eve of my arrival, told disastrously on the ‘‘ bag” which 
in an ordinary Swiss season should be large in comparison with 
the more select captures of less well-known and ably worked 
localities. It is nine years since I wandered in the Alps of 
Switzerland, and great have been the changes in the interval. 
Generally speaking, the whole aspect of the country has altered. 
Numerous hotels have sprung up; the remoter valleys are 
seamed with narrow-gauge railways; the Jungfrau line nears 
completion, and another is already contemplated which shall 
bring the Matterhorn in reach of the ordinary tourist. Entomo- 
logically a great deal has been added to our knowledge of the 
Lepidoptera. An industrious entomological society has come 
into being in Geneva; a sound handbook for British collectors— 
Mr. George Wheeler’s—has been published, and several resident 
Englishmen, as well as many summer visitors, have concentrated 
their attention not only on butterfly-hunting as a pastime, but 
upon the interesting problems presented by the rich Alpine 
fauna, and the earlier stages of many species which were practi- 
cally unknown to contemporary writers. 

Remembering the abundance of butterflies in the early 
nineties, and anticipating something of the same kind to fill up 


ENTOM.—NOVEMBER, 1907. Y 


949, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the blanks and renew the battered series of those years in my 
cabinet, I was hardly prepared for the disappointments of the 
summer of 1907. However, this fact is clear in my experience 
that even in a bad year, compared with other countries visited, 
Switzerland easily maintains supremacy in the matter of mere 
numbers. The old Simplon Road, now happily deserted by a 
great part of its travellers, who prefer the half-hour tunnel to 
the nine hours’ diligence route from Brigue to Domodossola, 
seemed prolific enough as far as Berisal. A two days’ expedi- 
tion to Kelépens, while introducing me to a new Switzerland, 
discovered a sufficiency which I should have reckoned rich had 
I not been told that the scarcity of butterflies there was pheno- 
menal; and this by the tried collectors who have worked the 
locality, of whom I was fortunate enough to encounter on the 
spot the Rev. F. EH. Lowe and Mr. G. O. Sloper. 

Kclépens lies midway between Vallorbes and Lausanne, and 
may be reached from either, detraining in the first case at Le 
Sarraz, or at the station which bears its name, on the Yverdon- 
Lausanne Railway. Mr. Lowe and Mr. Wheeler have given 
elsewhere some account of its treasures in a good year. As far 
as species go, I found most of the things mentioned by them ; 
and Mr. Reed, of Tunbridge Wells, had apparently been more 
fortunate with those I overlooked. Low wooded hills—oak and 
poplar—offer fine cover for the Apaturids. In the open ground 
a fine thickly scaled creamy form of Parnassius apollo (= var. 
pseudonomion, Christ.) was making its appearance on July 13th, 
where also on the lower bushes of blackthorn and _ privet 
Thecla prunt and T’. ilicis occurred singly. In the glades 
Limenitis sibylla was not uncommon; and here also, for the 
first time, I found Pararge achine in good order and frequent. 
Following Mr. Wheeler’s directions, I wound up a short day’s 
work with a visit to the marsh on the Sarraz Road. But 
it was this year practically drawn blank, only a few Melitea 
dictynna falling under observation, though I did capture one or 
two Lycena arcas, but these far too worn to require a box. All 
my time this day was spent on the left-hand side of the railroad 
from Lausanne to Yverdon; on the 14th I devoted my attention 
entirely to the woodlands and hills on the right, and with con- 
siderably better results. Leaving Heclépens Station, a field road 
diverges from the main about a quarter of a mile to the east, 
leading up the hill, then through some promising copse-land, 
and past a large farmhouse, skirting the forest which is famous 
for its “Emperors.” JL. sibylla and P. achine were again to the 
fore, with Huvanessa polychloros freshly emerged; while far out 
of reach as yet soared Apatura iris in company with A. ila. 
However, where a tiny brook had splashed the path and made 
congenial mire, I was soon brought to closer quarters with these 
splendid butterflies. Here ilia predominated, and the only one 


NOTES ON A SUMMER TOUR IN SWITZERLAND. 943 


of its several named varieties and aberrations I took was a single 
female, which I refer to Staudinger’s ab. astasioides; and here 
also I took on the way back the only female iris seen. The 
road now winds up through the trees, and there Mr. Reed had 
captured L. populi a day or so before. But it was not until I 
reached the top of the hill and struck along the Lausanne Road 
that I found aris and ilia in any quantity. Unfortunately 
nearly all were worn; but from the droppings, which proved an 
irresistible bait for their majesties, I managed to net a few 
good examples. The temerity of these individuals was amusing 
and somewhat trying, for, after capture and rejection, I kept 
taking the veterans again and again. And once settled to their 
banquet, they might have been caught with the fingers! There 
were, however, no females here at all events, and but few other 
butterflies, except Aphantopus hyperanthus, occasional Thecla 
ilicis, and Adopea thaumas, in the likely looking wastes by the 
roadside. Of the few day-flying moths noticed, Lastocampa 
quercus and Anthrocera lonicere may be mentioned. But the 
afternoon closed in with cloud and more wind, and early next 
morning I was on my way in the Simplon express to Brigue 
and the Upper Rhone Valley. 

I certainly thought the proverbial bad luck of old years, 
which has attended my Swiss expeditions in the way of weather, 
was going to continue when I drove up to Berisal on the 15th 
from Brigue. The first half of the well-known drive, now per- 
haps less used than heretofore, and therefore so much the 
pleasanter for collecting, was performed under a blue sky. 
Kuvanessa polychloros had already put in appearance at this 
comparatively high altitude, and males of Hpinephele lycaon were 
flying with a very brilliant form of Melitea phebe long before I 
reached the famous ‘‘ Second Refuge,” where just ten years 
previously, in August, I had sought in vain for Rusticus zephyrus 
var. lycidas. Leaving the carriage to go on, I descended at this 
classic spot, but alas! the sky had clouded over, and scarcely 
anything was a-wing; just a few R. argyrognomon, Brgstr., to 
raise false hopes, and kicked up from the herbs occasional 
P. escheri—afterwards found here in abundance with females, 
which I have usually missed or overlooked—and a scattering of 
Melanargia galatea. On this afternoon there were no lycidas 
on view, but the slopes affected by its favourite Astralagus bore 
all too eloquent testimony to the attentions bestowed on this 
pretty butterfly, which happily is by no means confined, as was 
once thought, to this particular locality in Switzerland. Had 
the manceuvres already commenced, I should have said that a 
regiment of cavalry at least had pounded over the ground; but 
when on subsequent days I returned to the chase, I was fortunate 
to capture several really fine specimens, though I fancy the 
species had been out a fortnight at least when I arrived. On the 

Wed 


944 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


under side especially the males have a remarkable likeness to 
escheri, and I captured more than one of this fine “‘blue’’ under 
the delusion that I had secured its rarer congener. But the 
females are more distinctive on the upper side, with the several 
orange spots at the anal angle of the lower wings, and these 
were busy ovipositing on the Astralagus, though never common. 
Close by I noticed the only specimen of Carcharodus lavatere, a 
male, encountered this year in Switzerland; while the Simplon 
Road, usually so prolific up to the Ganter Bridge before the 
hotel, was somewhat of a disappointment, so few and far be- 
tween were the butterflies one looks for in this region. Melitea 
didyma was just emerging; M. dictynna already well advanced; 
Brenthis ewphrosyne generally common but worn, and belonging, 
I conclude, to the first brood. The larger fritillaries were for 
the time being conspicuous by their absence, and I continued to 
take insects which generally are well over, as to the first brood, 
by the first week in July—Nisoniades tages, H. malve, and 
Euchloé cardamines. 

My first day on the mountains proper, the 16th, found me 
on the old familiar Steinenthal ground, where again everything 
was conspicuously backward. Brenthis pales, usually in swarms, 
occurred but singly. Colias phicomone, afterwards common 
enough, was also scarce. But I managed to bag a couple of 
H. andromede, which I regard as a more or less rare ‘‘skipper”’; 
some magnificent forms of ZL. arion var. obscura—lI have a female 
in perfect condition, measuring more than two inches in expanse ; 
and, what I think is generally not common in the higher slopes, 
some good L. alcon. The Steinenthal produced a couple of small 
females, which I daresay should be classed var. monticola, Stgr., 
and almost every day I was out I managed to box a solitary 
example of the same species, many of the males being quite as 
large, if not as brilliant, as those which I saw at Biarritz. Such 
a paucity of Krebias I have never found on the Alps, With the 
single exception of H. ceto, including two or three var. obscura, 
Ratzer, and one fine ab. pallida, Tutt, no one was really plenti- 
ful about Berisal, even EH. var. cassiope, and more notably H. 
melampus, being comparatively few and far between. Higher 
up, . gorge occurred sparsely on the rocks, and H. lappona was 
fairly common, but almost invariably crippled or crumpled hope- 
lessly ; some specimens I| took quite fresh having no more than 
three wings, others showing failure of wing pigment, or imper- 
fectly developed nervures—very shabby fellows all and sombre 
of hue, not to be eempared with the brilliantly banded lappona 
(var. pollu) I took in Lapland last year. Under the Wasenhorn 
I also found a fresh pair of Pontia callidice, but at this time the 
snow was barely melted, the yellow sulphur anemones still in 
full flower, and all other Alpine plants hardly yet developed. I 
do not remember to have seen a single E. stygne in the week I 


NOTES ON A SUMMER TOUR IN SWITZERLAND. 945 


was at Berisal, usually one of the commonest of its tribe. 
HE. tyndarus, even more so as a rule, had evidently not come 
on; while the higher stages of the road about the Kulm, usually 
rich in H. mnestra and E. manto, only produced a sprinkling 
of the former species on the two days—July 18th and July 
21st—when I was collecting on the slopes which surround the 
Kulm. 

The resting habit of H. tyndarus is, I think, worth noting. 
When the sun is obscured it drops on to the ground, appears to 
creep some little way quickly, and then squeezing in under the 
herbage, turns flat on its side, when it becomes practically in- 
distinguishable from its surroundings. Gorge, on the other 
hand, seems to prefer the warm side of a rock, or stone, where 
it lies motionless with outspread wings; while glacialis crawls 
into the interstices of the moraine, from which nothing but the 
sun’s rays will induce it to ‘‘ break covert.” 

It was somewhat of a novel experience again to take all three 
Parnassiidi in good condition at the same date. P. mnemosyne 
was still haunting the meadows round the delightful Poste Hotel, 
which has so far escaped the vulgarization and gingerbread 
magnificence of lower Switzerland, and remains a haven of 
peace for the naturalist and all who seek quiet and freedom from 
the herded tourist. P. apollo, hardly common this year, was 
airing its wings by the roadside; and high up, just below the 
“Fifth Refuge,” where a sparkling stream bubbles out from a mass 
of golden-flowered sedum, were a few P. delius of the female ab. 
hardwicku, Kane. On the rhododendrons above M. parthenie var. 
varia was flitting quietly about, the bright Simplon form, though 
I was fortunate enough to secure one beautiful female almost 
entirely suffused with black, with those characteristic ‘‘ blues ”’ 
of the mountains— P. orbitulus and P. optilete. On the day when 
I crossed over to the south side of the Pass, July 21st, Colias 
paleno put in a welcome appearance—a large form of great 
brilliancy, with the white female, and of these I made quite a 
decent series, having few in my collection, and none of my own 
taking from localities other than the Brenner. Paleno especially 
‘affects the alpine-rose, and once missed invites a gallant chase ; 
phicomone prefers the lesser hawkweed bloom. I never remember 
Canonympha satyrion so rare as this year; but C. arcania 
var. insubrica was in perfect condition and very fine in the 
Berisal region. Meanwhile I was keeping a sharp look-out for 
Hrebia christi, as single specimens have been taken, I believe, 
almost at the top of the Pass opposite the Hospice, and 1 
actually netted P. mnemosyne at this unusually high altitude, 
though I was pretty well sure that I had come too late to the 
Laquinthal when I unfurled my net in that now famous valley 
on a magnificent but rather windy day. Here, again, I found the 
known habitat of this difficult little Hrebia worn and trodden by 


246 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


innumerable collectors. The whole of the Geneva Entomological 
Society had pitched their camp within striking distance a week 
or so before my arrival. Mr. Lowe, Mr. Wheeler, and other 
British collectors had reported the species scarce beyond prece- 
dent. I met M. Morel, the well-known French coleopterist, also 
in search. But though apparently he bagged a single specimen, 
I was less fortunate; and for 1907 the christi season was at 
an end. 

My stay at the Fletschhorn Hotel was rather marred by cloudy 
skies; but remembering the Saasthal side of the Rossboden as 
a former fine locality for Mrebia glacialis, I thought I would try 
the moraine, which now reaches down to the river-bed of the 
Sengbach, and has completely obliterated the old road. I took 
the pathless side of the valley to keep in the sun. Chrysophanus 
var. eurybia, Rusticus argyrognomon, a form of Hesperia alveus— 
most perplexing of butterflies—and an occasional fine var. 
bryonie of Pieris napt kept me interested over a fatiguing trudge. 
But alas! when I had attained the required altitude, as so often 
this summer, I was condemned to see the sun with ‘‘ gold com- 
plexion dimmed’’; the cloud and mist swept up, and I thought 
that my two or three hours’ climb would be in vain. Yet there 
were short, very short, intervals of sunshine, and in these I 
successfully netted one or two fine specimens of the several 
glacialis borne headlong on the wing over that treacherous slid- 
ing detritus, including one ‘‘all black” ab. pluto. And these, 
with a single female mnestra, always the rarest sex, made up 
the captures of a long and exceptionally cold day (28rd) for 
mid-July. 

Finding the weather unpropitious, and for other reasons 
non-entomological, I left Simplon on the 24th, returning to 
brigue after an interesting drive to Iselle, through the great 
tunnel. The morning of the 25th broke doubtfully ; low clouds 
were hanging over Bel Alp, and the atmosphere was of the 
Turkish bath order. When I arrived at Fiesch in the diligence, 
however, the sun was out, and the sides of the Furka Road, 
which from Brigue onwards suggest an excellent ground, were 
enlivened by a fresh brood of M. didyma and some very fine 
Satyrus cordula, all males, a species which occurred right up the 
Binnenthal, my present objective, and even as high as 4800 ft. 
at the village of Heiligkreuz. Buinn itself retains something of 
the pleasing and primitive Switzerland with which we were 
familiar some five-and-twenty years ago. There is no carriage- 
road through this impressive valley, with its lonely forests and 
sheer ironstone cliffs; beyond Binn and to the Albrun Pass the 
path is little more than a mule-track in places, and iooked 
therefore all the more promising. But, whether it was the 
season or the locality, butterflies were decidedly scarce on all 
the excursions I made, and I met with few species not already 


NOTES ON A SUMMER TOUR IN SWITZERLAND. 247 


encountered on the Simplon. Aporia crategi, however, was com- 
mon enough inthe uncut Alpine meadows, and on the Eggerhorn, 
at about 5000 ft., I was surprised to find Parnassius mnemosyne 
still in very fair trim with Colias phicomone, Argynnis aglaia, 
and A. adippe. The higher grass-slopes were almost barren. I 
looked in vain for the usual hordes of Cenonympha satyrion, only 
occasional specimens were flying; but just above the one spring 
of the whole walk I was fortunate enough to net a worn female 
L. aleon. Liberated from the net she at once settled down to a 
minute plant of Gentiana (? species), and obliged with one or 
two ova, which I sent home, in situ,.to Mr. Hugh Main. He 
handed them to Mr. A. E. Tonge, who has kindly allowed me to 
reproduce his photograph of these very beautiful eggs, also those 
of Z. var. lycidas discovered by me on the leaves of Astralagus 
exocarpus at the ‘‘Second Refuge’ (Plate V.). Of the ‘‘ blues” 
generally, however, here as elsewhere, there was an unusual 
dearth; P. orbitulus alone appearing in any quantity, with a few 
Z. var. egidion, L. arion var. obscura, and P. eumedon. 

After a wet day I now set to work to explore the neighbour- 
hood systematically, but the fine days as often as not were 
marred by a very high wind, while everything was exceptionally 
backward in the higher regions. The Albrun Pass (7910 ft.), a 
fine walk ending in a good deal of rocky débris with some snow, 
should have shown sport among Erebias. But with the exception 
of a few worn E. gorge of an undistinguished form, and some per- 
fect Melitea aurinia var. merope by the wayside, there was again 
little of note, save that H. lappona was here even in more de- 
plorable plight than at Berisal. I did a little better on the 
several stages that lead up to the Ritter Pass, where the cows, 
however, had rather spoilt the grassland. On July 27th and 
again on August 2nd, Anthrocera minos was swarming everywhere; 
a few P. optilete and N. semiargus, the small mountain form, 
turned up among the rhododendrons, where again I found a few 
exceedingly wary Colias paleno with one white female snapped 
off a hawkweed flower. Vanessa io was also coming on, and 
Brenthis pales, generally the commonest of insects at this eleva- 
‘tion, in some numbers. I also took one very worn Melitea 
cynthia, which puzzled me considerably, inasmuch as on the 
Collinhorn on August 1st I had taken two very fresh males—the 
only specimens worth bagging of this pretty fritillary seen at all. 
There also I met with a single Erebia pharte, a couple of L. alcon, 
and some four L. arion var. obscura; but even H. tyndarus was 
rarely met with. So that Iam inclined to agree with Mr. Fison’s 
conclusions, published elsewhere, that Binn for Erebias is not a 
favoured locality. Ten days’ hard work, indeed, added little 
either to my store-boxes, or to my knowledge of the genus. 

Leaving Binn on August 5th, I thought I would try the 
country round Vallorbes on the frontier from which on so many 


248 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


early mornings of travel I had gazed from the train window. 
Ballaigues looked promising in the guide-book. It is about an 
hour’s drive from Vallorbes Station, and situated on the uplands 
of the Jura, which, well-forested, culminate at this point in Mont 
Suchet (5236 ft.). But I was not lucky in the two days I could 
give to collecting, though I fancy at this time of the year the 
locality is never very productive, again owing to the depredations 
of the dairy cow. Mont Suchet looms large in the expeditions of 
the older generation of entomologists. It is but a grass-walk from 
Ballaigues, and only in the woods under the crest of the hill did I 
find any butterflies at all. Canonympha iphis (one female) was 
over, but Chrysophanus virgaurce was freshly emerged, with Bren- 
this ino, Hrebia ligea, and, higher up, E. pronoé var. pitho. Lower 
down, rather worn Polyommatus damon still fluttered among the 
sainfoin in the meadows, and Pararge egeria var. egerides was 
not infrequent in the glades near the hotel. On the slopes near 
the village Parnassius apollo was also in first-rate condition, of 
the conspicuous form which I had met with earlier in the season 
at Heclépens. I much regretted, however, that I had not crossed 
to the French frontier, for though Pontarlier itself is not more 
promising than Vallorbes, I should think the intervening country, 
and especially in the neighbourhood of Jougne, would be worth 
investigating. Bruand, who wrote his ‘ Catalogue of the Doubs’ 
in ‘‘ the forties,’ makes a brave show of butterflies for the dis- 
trict ; and apparently it has not changed much, except round 
the little busy frontier town, which is the gate of France. In- 
deed there, and northward along the Juras, past Belfort and 
into the French and German Vosges, there is a fine country, 
apparently unknown to recent entomologists, who content them- 
selves year by year with the familiar treasures of ‘‘the play- 
ground of Europe.” 


Harrow Weald: October, 1907. 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS 
CALLIMENUS, Fiscuer pr WatpHEIM (ORTHOPTERA, 
BRADYPORID AS). 


By A. M. Suauaurorr (Odessa).* 


Amone the orthopterological material collected by A. A. 
Brauner in June, 1905, in the valley of Manuich, near the 
village of Veliko-Kniazheski, in the south-eastern corner of the 
province of the Don Cossacks, I found a new species of the 
genus Callimenus, Fisch. de W. It isin honour of A. A. Brauner, 


* (From the ‘ Revue Russe d’Entomologie,’ 1906, Nos. 3 and 4, pp. 176- 
183. Translated from the Russian by Malcolm Burr.) 


OBSERVATIONS ON SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLIMENUS. 249 


who has done much for the investigation of the fauna of the 
southern zone of Russia, that I take the pleasure of naming this 
species. 

Callimenus brauneri, Shug., n. sp.* 


?. Tota splendens. Pronotum postice dilatatum, fortius emargi- 
natum, disco postice supra utrinque plicis 4 (1 magna, 1 parva). Lobi 
mesosternales latitudine vix vel haud longiores, apice magis acuminati ; 
lobi metasternales angusti, latitudine longiores, subparalleli, apice ipso 
subacuti. Abdomen dorso utrinque plica 1 magna. Cerci ? conici, 
acuminati. Lamina subgenitalis ? rotundata, apice excisa. Pronoti 
lobi deflexi leeves. 

$ colore non differt a @. Cerci cylindrici, rotundati. Lamina 
subgenitalis margine subrecto, integro, bicarinata. 


2 3 
Longitudo corporis : 55 mm. 55 mm. 
ae pronoti : 17°5 mm.t 19.mm. 
50 femorum posticorum : 18 mm. 18 mm. 
A tibiarum posticarum : 23 mm. 23 mm. 
" ovipositoris : 15 mm — mm. 


Ciscaucasia septentr. districtus Velikoknjazheskensis provincie 
Exercitus Donensis (specimen unicum ? mihi ab A. A. Brauner dona- 
tum et ei dedicatum) ; districtus Rostov-Donensis ejusdem provincie. 
Donensis (specimen unicum g mihi a Dom. Sarandinaki donatum). 
(dg, 2 in coll. mea.) 


Callimenus brauneri, Shug., is generally related to C. mon- 
tandoni, Burr, for which I at first mistook it (the female of that 
species was at that time unknown to me, vid. inf.). But Mr. 
Malcolm Burr, to whom I submitted my specimen for examina- 
tion, pointed out to me the characters which distinguished my 
species from C. montandoni. 

C. brauneri is distinguished from its congeners by the shining 
metallic colour of the whole body. The head is black, with a 
dirty brown shade on the frons, cheeks, and mouth-parts ; the 
pronotum is rugose, with brown markings, and behind with a 
rather deep (up to 1°5 mm.) triangular incision, and four tuber- 
‘cular folds on the slightly swollen posterior portion, of which 
the middle pair is large and the outer pair small, and side flaps 
smooth, slightly compressed anteriorly, coffee-brown, with black- 
marked impressed spots in the general red-bronze sheen. The 
lower part of the side flaps is almost straight, rounded posteriorly 
and slightly reflexed, together with the corners of the pronotum. 
The lobes of the mesosternum bright yellowish brown, slightly 


* In my article, “A Few Notes on Orthoptera”’ (Rev. Russe d’Ent. vi. 
p- 22 (1906)), this species is referred to under the name of Callimenus 
restrictus, F.de W. This species was so insufficiently described by Fischer 
de Waldheim that we may safely regard it as a nomen nudum. 

+ Differentia latitudinis pronoti antice et postice fere 4 mm. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


250 


C. oniscus, Charp. 


C. longicollis, Schul. | C. dilatatus, Stal. 


C. montandoni, Burr. 


C. brauneri, Shug. 


Pronotum, ¢ 
Pron. margo post....... 


Pron. margo post- 
supra utrinque ......| 
Lobi mesosternales ...| 


Lobi metasternales ... 


| 
Abdomen, segm. dor- | 
salia utrinque ...... 


WEE CIG fercsccscacte cones 


Carel Qu. anaes 
Lamina subgenitalis | 
margin poster., 3... 

| 


Lamina subgenitalis | 
margine poster., 2 
Pronoti lobi deflexi ... 
Longitudo pronoti, 3 | 

” 9 g 
Long. femor. post., 3 
Long. femor. post., 2 | 
Long. tibiarum post., | 


“Ts | 
Long. tibiarum post., | 


parallelum 
v1x emarginatus, J ° 


| plicd 1 magna 


triangulares, haud 
longiores quam basi 
lati, apice subrotun- 
dati 

triangulares, obtusi, 


apice ipso sat acuti, | 


haud longiores quam 
basi lati 
plica 1 magna 


eylindrici, rotundati 


conici, acuminati 
subrecta, utrinque 
paulo late marginata 
bicarinata 
subrotundata, apice 
excisa 
leaves 

17-20 

15-16 

20-25 

20-24 

30 


26 


parallelum 


etiam minus emargi- 


natus, ¢ 


plicis 2 magnis 


longiores quam lati, 


apice acuti 


triangulares, 
lati, obtusi 


plica 1 magn 


conici, acuminati 


” 9 
subrecta, integra, bi- 


carinata 


late sinuata, angulis 


acutis 
leeves 
1g=22 
16-17 


haud 
longiores quam basi 


a 


18°5-23 


20-23 
23 


26°5 


_ postice inflatum 


plicis binis 


| breves, horizonali- 
ter producti 


plicis binis majori- 


bus 
crassi, apice acuto- 
_ dichotomi 
_apice obtusi 
-amplissima, late 
emarginata 


ampla, rotundata 


postice dilatatum 
3 fort. 2? min. emarg. 


plicis 2 magnis 


haud longiores quam 
lati, apice obtusi 


obtusi, apice rotun- 
dati, haud vel vix 
longiores quam basi 
lati 

plica 1 magna 


eylindrici, rotundati 
conici, acuminati 


subrecta, integra, bi- 
carinata 


rotundata, rotundato- 
excisa 

minime rugulosi 

185-19 

16°5 
19-19°5 
20 
26-26°5 


26°5 


postice dilatatum 

3 2 fortius emargi- 
natus 

plica 1 magna, 1 parva 


_vix, vel haud longi- 


ores quam lati, apice 
magis acuminati 


angusti, longiores 
quam lati, subparal- 
leli, apice ipso sub- 
acuti 

plica 1 magna 


eylindrici, rotundati 
| conici, acuminati 
subrecta, integra, bi- 


carinata 


/rotundata, apice ex- 


NOTES ON BRITISH BRACONIDE. Oil 


longer than broad, pointed at the apex ; lobes of the metasternum 
narrow, elongate, parallel and pointed at the apex itself. Abdo- 
men on the back and sides black, with a light shot-bronze 
shading ; on both sides of the middle line there is a row of large 
tubercular folds. On the first dorsal segment between the first 
and the third small black tubercles there is a small yellow spot 
which surrounds the second tubercle with a radius equal to the 
distance between the first and second segment. On the second 
segment the spot occupies a space of the same width, but extend- 
ing from the anterior to the posterior margin of the segment ; 
beginning with the third segment, and continuing as far as the 
eighth; between each first and second and second and third 
small tubercle there is a small yellow spot not fused with the 
neighbouring spot of the same segment. On the ninth segment 
the spots coalesce; on the tenth the tubercles disappear, and 
there remains a scarcely perceptible little yellowish spot. The 
under side of the belly is bright greyish yellow, the first and 
second ventral segments with a brown marking. 

The subgenital lamina of the female is rounded, with a fairly 
deep emargination on the apex, without teeth (thus» differing 
from C. pancici, Brauner) ; the cerci (female) are short, conical, 
and pointed. 

The male does not differ from the female in colour, and the 
cerci are cylindrical, without teeth on the inner side. Subgenital 
lamina slightly raised, with two keels. 


(To be continued.) 


NOTES ON BRITISH BRACONIDA. V.* 
By CuaupvEe Mortry, F.E.S., &e. 


MACROCENTRIDA. 


Tur species of this small family are very familiar insects of 
fair size and gregarious habits, as many as a hundred occa- 
_ sionally emerging from a single large lepidopterous larva. The 
pale species of Zele strongly resembles small Panisct or large 
Meteori, from both of which the sessile abdomen and neuration 
will at once distinguish them; while Macrocentrus marginator 
appears superficially allied with the Lissonotid Pimpline. The 
two European genera are known by :— 


Occiput not bordered ; first segment not longer than second 
MacrocEntTRUS. 


Occiput bordered ; first segment much longer than second ZELE. 
* Of. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1906, p. 106 (Bracon); Entom., 1906, p. 99 


(Microgasteridx) ; Entom., 1907, p. 179 (Cryptogastres); and Entom., 1907, 
p. 217 (Agathidide). 


252 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Macrocentrus, Curt. 


) 1. Palpi elongate; antenne at least 45-jointed. 
) 2. Labial palpi with third joint not reflexed, 
body black =. 1. marginator, Nees. 
(2) 38. Labial palpi with third joint reflexed ; 
) 


be 


body not entirely black. 


(5) 4. Second discoidal cell nearly one-third 

shorter than the first . 2. thoracicus, Nees. 
(4) 5. Second discoidal cell hardly shorter than 

the first . : 8. abdominalis, Fab. 


(1) 6. Palpi short ; antenne at most 87- jointed 
(8) 7. Second abscissa of radial nervure as long 


as the first transverse cubital ; 4, infirmus, Nees. 
(7) 8. Second abscissa of radial much shorter 
than the first transverse cubital . 5. collaris, Spin. 


M. marginator.—A very abundant species in all marshy 
spots in May, August, and September, on the flowers of Angelica 
sylvestris and Lysimachia vulgaris. I have found it at Herrings- 
well Fen, Barton Mills, Barnby Broad, Claydon, Brandon, 
Tuddenham Fen, Monks Soham, Ipswich, Finborough Park, 
Henstead, and Benacre, in Suffolk, often by general sweeping 
and sometimes after dark ; as well as at Metton and Ringstead, 
in Norfolk; and possess it from Tostock (Tuck); Isle of Arran 
(Waterston) ; bred at Lincoln (Musham); Abinger Hammer, 
Surrey (Butler); Felden, in Herts (Piffard); Whitby (Beau- 
mont); Richmond Park (Bedwell); Guestling, in Sussex, in 
1877 and 1888 (Bloomfield); Possil Marsh, Scotland, in 1899 
(Dalglish) ; Point of Aire, in 1904 (Tomlin); Greenings, in 
Surrey (Wilson Saunders). Mr. Whittle bred it in a breeding- 
cage containing pupe of Sesia cynipiformis, at Southend, May 
21st, 1900; Mr. Thornhill from Sesiew sp. at Boxworth, Cam- 
bridgeshire, June 21st, 1902; Col. Partridge from S. culiciforinis, 
at Blackheath, May 23rd, 1899 ; Mr. Mason from 8. asiliformis, 
at Caister, Lincolnshire, July 10th, 1905; and Mr. Charbonnier 
from S. tipuliformis, at Bristol, in May. Two males and a 
female emerged early in the morning of May 18th, 1901, from 
pup of S. culiciformis, from near Balmoral, Aberdeenshire ; 
a male and female paired about 7.30 a.m.; when I received them 
from Mr. James Duncan on the 17th the males were both dead, 
but the female alive. In 1907 it has been common in August and 
September, on flowers of Heraclewm and Angelica, at Monks 
Soham, Depden, and Southwold, in Suffolk. 

M. thoracicus.—Not very common; I have only once beaten 
the male from birch-bushes in Assington Thicks, Suffolk, July 
23rd, 1902. Elliott has taken it at Ilkley in Yorkshire; Capron 
at Shere, in Surrey; Piffard at Felden, in Herts; W. Saunders at 
Greenings, near Kast Grinstead; and Platten at light, in Ipswich, 
September 80th, 1899. Porritt bred a female from an unknown 


NOTES ON BRITISH BRACONIDZE. 255 


Noctuid in 1897, and I have found the female flying about a cluster 
of fungi growing on an old stump, at the end of September. 

M. abdominalis.—An abundant species, though more usually 
bred than taken abroad. I have swept it from reeds at Foxhall, 
Brandon, and in the Bentley Woods, in Suffolk, in August and 
July; both sexes occurred in my garden in August, 1907; Mr. 
Tuck has taken it at Tostock and Benacre Broad, in the same 
‘ county; Mr. Butler at Abinger Hammer, in August; Mr. Piffard at 
Felden; Mr. W. Saunders at Reigate; and Beaumont at Plum- 
stead and Blackheath. The sexes are, I believe, invariably bred 
separately ; Mr. Platten bred four males from Chelonia caja at 
Ipswich, July 24th, 1899; Mr. Peachell bred nine females from 
a larva of the same species at Weymouth, July 27th, 1899; Mr. 
Musham bred twenty females on August 30th, 1901, at Lincoln, 
from Spilosoma sp.; Mr. Bankes bred eight females at the 
beginning of July, 1905, “‘from among a mixed lot of micro- 
lepidopterous larvze feeding on oak, collected at Yarmouth, Isle of 
Wight. Host uncertain (probably Rhodophea consociella, Hb.)”’ ; 
and I have thirty females which emerged from a dead green Pyralid 
larva feeding on birch ; their larve emerged from the host June 
23rd, 1905, and became imagines on the 6th of the following June, 
from Tonge. Donisthorpe found this species in Kerry, in 1902. 

M. infirmus.— Rare on the wing; I have only once caught it, 
by sweeping in an osier carr at Barton Mills, in Suffolk, June 
18th, 1901, and Mr. Tuck found it at Aldeburgh, September 
16th, 1899; Dr. Capron at Shere, Mr. Piffard at Felden, and 
Mr. Beaumont at Blackheath and Harting, in Sussex, in August. 
The sexes are bred separately. Mr. Bankes bred fifteen males 
from their cocoons, which emerged from a larva of Retinia 
sylvestrana, Curt., from the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, July 18th, 
1902; and Mr. 8. Kemp has given me a huge bundle of their 
cocoons, together with the emerged imagines, of which I can 
count about one hundred and five specimens—all females—upon 
the surface of the bundle, ‘‘ bred from a larva found on a sandhill, 
North Bull, Dublin, June, 1902” (received October 15th, 1902). I 
took a male on Plantago major in my garden, August 27th, 1907. 

M. collaris——Not uncommon, though I have seen no bred 
' specimens. Both sexes at Felden (Piffard); four females at 
Greenings (W. Saunders). I have only taken the latter sex, of 
which several occurred on the flowers of Feniculum vulgare in 
a lane at Alderton, in Suffolk, September 83rd, 1899; several at 
Gosfield, in Essex, July 24th, 1902; one at the roots of Hrodium 
cicutaritum, at Brandon, in Suffolk, August 26th, 1906; and one 
at Shalfleet, in the Isle of Wight, June 26th, 1907. 


S ZELE, Curt. 


(2) 1. Radial cell of lower wing entire - 1. testaceator, Curt. 
(1) 2. Radial cell of lower wing centrally discreted. 


254 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(4) 38. Body testaceous red . ; : 2. chlorophthalmus, Nees. 
(8) 4. Body nigrescent : : A : 8. discolor, Wesm. 


Z. testaceator.—Not uncommonly captured and bred, though 
I have only once met with it, about Ipswich, in 1899. Several 
males at Felden, in Herts (Piffard); South Leverton in Notts, 
June, 1896 (Thornley) ; Reigate in August, 1872 (W. Saunders) ; 
bred at Caister, in Lincolnshire, by Mr. G. W. Mason, in 1905, 
from Cosmia trapezina; and from an unidentified larva from 
Hailsham, in Sussex, in July, 1892, by Mr. G. T. Porritt. 

Z. chlorophthalmus.—I only possess one male, given me some 
years ago by Rev. EK. N. Bloomfield, who captured it at Guest- 
ling, near Hastings, in 1889. 

Z. discolor.— Mr. J. E. Campbell-Taylor sent me a single 
female of this species, which he had captured in the Cardiff 
district in 1903. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


On Rearine P. popauirtus.—Like Mr. F. T. Gilliat (antea, p. 211), I, 
too, failed with larve from ova collected at Hyéres this spring. They 
fed up well on myrobalan plum, but I did not like the look of some of 
the chrysalids, and in the end all the specimens that emerged were 
crippled. However, in my case I attributed failure to the fact that I 
took my pupe to Switzerland and back, and they underwent many 
changes of climate and altitude before they emerged after I returned 
home at the end of July.—W. H. Sz. Quintin; Scampston Hall, 
Rillington, York. 


Ova or ARASCHNIA LEVANA.—I caged two female A. levana captured 
at the end of June last in Switzerland, and obtained ova from both. 
As Mr. Sheldon observes in the last number of the ‘ Entomologist,’ 
the ova are laid in strings, generally, but not always, pendent from 
the lower surface of the nettle-leaf. My insects laid batches at 
intervals, from two to five ‘‘strings’’ in each batch. One insect laid 
two batches, and the other three. The ova are of a pale green when 
fresh, and simulate wonderfully the spikelets of the flowers and seeds 
of the food-plant. It was curious to watch the young larve hatching. 
They manage to leave the shell without breaking the connection 
between the ova. When all the larve have left a ‘string,’ the 
transparent egg-shells still remain attached by their tops and bases, 
and still pendent from the leaf—W. H. Sv. Quintin. 


On Rearinc tHE Larv® or AGroris acataina.—Barrett, in his 
‘Lepidoptera,’ says, in reference to A. agathina, that in confinement 
it seems almost impossible to bring the larva to maturity, and that, so 
far as he knows, it must be reared on growing heather in the open air. 
He quotes Mr. Gregson’s directions to the same effect, and several 
contributors to Tutt’s ‘Hints’ seem toagree with him. My experience 
is that 1t is quite easy to rear this insect from very young larve swept 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 255 


from Erica cinerea in May, feeding them on cut heather in ordinary 
breeding-cages, kept in a summer house in the garden, sprinkling the 
food-plant with water every evening.—F. Prnnineron, Jun.; Reform 
Club, Pall Mall, S.W., October 1st, 1907. 


Cue ipopTeRA (PLATYCLEIS) ROESELU, &c., AT Herne Bay.—During 
a visit to Herne Bay last month I noticed a number of grasshoppers 
on a sunny grassy hillside in the neighbourhood. I caught a few 
specimens, and found one of them to be a female of Stenobothrus 
elegans. Not being prepared for entomological work, I could do 
nothing more at that time. ‘Two days later (September 13th), how- 
ever, I returned to the same district better equipped. I then took 
S. elegans sparingly and S. parallelus plentifully, but the event of real 
interest was the capture of a female of the rare grasshopper, Chelido- 
ptera (Platycletis) roeselii, Hagenb., a species which had been previously 
recorded from Herne Bay, but seemingly from only one other un- 
doubted British locality. Notwithstanding a prolonged search, no 
further specimens were met with, and I had no later opportunity of 
renewing the search.—Herpert Campion; 33, Maude Terrace, Wal- 
thamstow, October 14th, 1907. 


Note on Oporosia (LarentrA) autrumNATA.—It is a long time since 
I have had the pleasure of taking the above insect. It used to occur 
freely in birch woods in North Durham. As I knew that it occurred 
in this (Cleveland) district on alder, I was able to beat some larve in 
June from that tree. I thought I had seen the last of the insect for 
the season, but I was mistaken. In early July I went as usual to beat 
for larvee of P. piniperda from Pinus sylvestris, and amongst the con- 
tents of the tray were some peculiar rusty larve. The rust was toa 
slight extent varied with green. I at once suspected that the larve 
were those of an Oporobia, but at the same time they more vividly 
brought to my mind the larve of F. fasciaria, so little did they 
resemble ordinary Oporobia larve, and so great was the amount of 
red. The red was not in any manner like the purple which very 
often appears in the larve of both O. dilutata and O. autumnata. It 
evidently owed its origin to the same cause as the red of F. fusciaria 
larve, i.e. an attempt to imitate the red terminal bud of the pine 
shoots. Passing from pines to larches, I beat similar larve from the 
larch. As at that time I was unwell, I was unable to describe the 
larva as minutely as I wished. Although, as stated, I suspected at 
the time that the larvee were O. dilutata, so curious was their colora- 
tion I determined, in spite of illness, to rear them. I did so, and was 
rewarded by breeding in the last week of September some undoubted 
specimens of O. autumnata. When these emerged I went for wild 
specimens, and was successful. In one case, about 3 p.m., I observed 
One specimen, with wings unexpanded, crawl out of the débris about 
ten inches from a larch-trunk, climb a grass-stalk, and there rest 
until its wings were dry. It proved avery dark specimen, but still 
O. autumnata. As all the specimens had the shining appearance 
supposed to have been acquired in O. autumnata from resting on 
birches, this supposition must be fallacious. The nearest birches are 
about a mile away, and there, owing to the swampy nature of the. 
ground, no specimens of Oporobia occur—at least, I have never beaten. 


256 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


their larve nor have I taken the moth, although I have looked at the 
proper times. I was discussing the subject with Mr. T. A. Lofthouse 
of this town, and he told me he had long suspected that this insect 
was a larch and pine feeder. In conclusion, I should like to point out 
that the elevation of the wood in which the insect occurs is from 
600-800 ft. above sea-level. —J. W. H. Harrison; 181, Abingdon 
Road, Middlesborough. 


A Naturat History or rae British Burrerrtres.—We have just 
received from the publisher, Mr. Elliot Stock, Paternoster Row, Lon- 
don, E.C., eleven parts of volume ii. of this comprehensive work by 
Mr. J. W. Tutt. The first part of this volume was issued on February 
15th, 1907, and part xi. on July 20th. In the introductory chapters, 
pp. 1-48, the subjects discussed are Austivation and Hybernation, the 
Gregarious Habit, and the Family Habits of Butterfly Larve. The five 
species of ‘‘hairstreak’”’ butterflies occurring in Britain are next con- 
sidered, and these the author refers to the three tribes into which he 
divides the subfamily Ruraline (Thecline) of his Ruralide ; the whole 
being embraced in the superfamily Ruralides (Theclides). In the first 
tribe Callophryidi, Callophrys (Thecla) rubi, L., is the only species, 
occurring in the palearctic region, referable to it, although some 
North American species probably belong thereto. The tribe Strymonidi 
comprises Mdwardsia (Thecla) w-aibum, Knoch, and Strymon prunt, L. ; 
whilst Bithys (Zephyrus) quercus and Ruralis (Zephyrus) betule are in- 
cluded in the tribe Ruralidi. When itis stated that an average of some 
forty-five pages is occupied in dealing with each species, in its perfect 
and early stages, it will be understood that the treatment is of the 
elaborate character the author has accustomed us to in his previous 
volumes on Lepidoptera. Even such details as the time of appearance 
of the imago, British localities, and distribution abroad are set out at 
great length. Under Callophrys rubt, for example, these matters alone 
run into about thirteen pages. Altogether there are in the eleven 
parts 844 pages, and four (? five) plates. The latter are capital 
reproductions of photographs of eggs of the Ruralides, life-history of 
Callophrys rubi, and pupal hairs, &c. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


Ennomos autumnaria at AsHrorp, Kent.—Harly in the morning 
of October 8rd last I picked up from the pavement in Ashford a male 
specimen, in very fair condition, of KF. autumnaria.—D. CurrrEennen ; 
14, Limes Grove, Lewisham, 8.H. 5 


LEUCANIA VITELLINA IN Kent.—Whilst spending a few days collecting 
with Mr. E. D. Green. I have had the pleasure of taking a few L. vitel- 
lina in Kast Kent.—Watrter Dannatr; Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath. 


Morus at Licur.—It is true that from one cause and another I have 
had very little opportunity for collecting Lepidoptera during the past 
season, but so far as I was able to do so, I must say that I never 
remember a worse one for these insects. A visit to the street-lamps 
one evening in May (28th) yielded the following :—Kuchelia jacobee, 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 257 


Drymonia (Notodonta) chaonia, Spilosoma menthastri, S. lubricipeda, 
Pygara bucephala, Dicranura vinula, and other common species.— 
JosrpnH AnpERson ; Chichester. 


Cotas EDusA. — This species having been unusually scarce this 
season, I was much surprised to find a female at rest on a thistle about 
10 p.m. on the 5th inst.— Epwarp Goopwin ; Canon Court, Watering- 
bury. 


DraGonruies NEAR Huntinepon.—During recent visits to Hartford, 
near Huntingdon, I have collected from the River Ouse at that place 
examples of the following species of Agrionidz :—In 1904 (June 17th), 
Calopteryx splendens (one male) ; in 1906 (June 18th to 80th), C. splen- 
dens (one male), Pyrrhosoma nymphula, Ischnura elegans, and Agrion 
puelia; and in 1907 (June 24th to July 6th), C. splendens (males and 
females), Platycnemis pennipes (one very immature male, wit) reduced 
spots), Hrythromma naias (one very immature male), J. elegans (includ- 
ing a female of var. infuscans), A. pulchellum (one male), and A. puella 
(including a male having the U-shaped spot joined to the circlet behind), 
—F. W. Campion ; 83, Maude Terrace, Walthamstow, Essex. 


Captures or LEPIDOPTERA IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE, &¢.—I should like to 
record a few of my recent captures, some of which are as follows :— 
Aporophyla nigra, Hw. Cambridge, at light, September 25th, 1907. 
I doubt if this has been taken here before.—Orthosia ocellaris, Bork. A 
specimen on a Cambridge lamp, September 16th, 1907.—O. gilvago, 
Esp. Very common here this year. I have seen as many as seventy 
in one night, and ten on one lamp.—Heliothis dipsacea, L. Cambridge, 
at light, July, 1907; Wicken Fen, at light, August 9th, 1907.—Hadena 
ophiogramma, Esp. One at Shelford, Cambridgeshire, June 20th, 1906. 
—Detlephila livornica (lineata), F, One at Shelford, August 3rd, 1905, 
hovering over lavender.—Stauropus fagi, L. An imago, Gog Magog 
Hills, at rest on palings, July 5th, 1907.—Hom«osoma sinuella, F, This 
species seems common in wild places on chalky soil all over the district. 
Ge. wor at 
light, Cambridge, July, 1907.—Pammene ochsenheimeriana, Z. Devil’s 
Ditch (Newmarket), May, 1905; Cambridge, June, 1906.— Parasia 
neuropterelia, Z. Barton Hills (Bedfordshire), August 22nd, 1907,— 
Aristotelia lucidella, Stph. . Swarmed in one corner of the lake in 
Epping Forest, August 2nd, 1907.—Mompha stephensi, Stt. Richmond 
Park, September 5th, 1907. —- Nepticula fulgens, Stt. Shelford, Cam- 
bridgeshire, 1907. (Common, together with N. tityrelia (?).)—Ochsen- 
heimeria vaculella, F.R. Common on oak-trunks (in crevices of the 
bark), September 5th, 1907. Most of them were in bad condition, 
many dead and dry.—Mr. A. G. Wilmott, of St. John’s College, Cam- 
bridge, asks me to mention the following :—Orthosia xerampelina, Hb. 
Ten at light, Cambridge, September, 1907. — Senta maritima, Tausch. 
One at light, Cambridge, August, 1907. — Lowostege palealis, Schiff. 
One at light, Cambridge, August, 1907. — Chrysoclista linneella, Cl. 
Locally common at Cambridge - this year. — Not being acquainted with 
a more up-to-date work, I have used the nomenclature of Meyrick’s 
‘Handbook.’ — F. W, Epywanpe: Penwith, Hills Road, Cambridge, 
October 6th, 1907. 

ENTOM.—NOVEMBER, 1907. Z 


258 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Tae Lepimoptera oF GisRALTaR.—I have read with interest Mr. 
Sowerby’s short list of Lepidoptera collected near Gibraltar in March 
and April (p. 214), but the dates are so extraordinarily early for some 
of the species mentioned that I cannot help thinking there must be a 
mistake of identification in several cases. Commander J. J. Walker, 
R.N., in his ‘“‘ Notes on Lepidoptera from the Region of the Straits of 
Gibraltar” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1890, pp. 861-891) has thoroughly 
worked out the butterflies of the Rock and neighbourhood, but I can 
find no mention of Hrebia tyndarus—which is a mountain species not 
found at Albarracin I think, either by Mrs. Nicholl, Miss Fountaine, or 
Mr. W. G. Sheldon—emerging as a rule not earlier than mid-July ; 
and I can only conclude that Mr. Sowerby has confused it with Hpine- 
phele pasiphaé, which he does not mention, though it occurs at the end 
of April at Gibraltar. Again, Satyrus statilinus is scarcely to be 
expected before July, and the same may be said of S. briseis, S. arethusa, 
and of S. circe, the record of which latter species in March or April at 
3000 ft. is wonderful ; the more so as apparently the species is reported 
from Gibraltar for the first time. I suspect, too, that Mr. Sowerby 
has mistaken Melanargia ines, Hisgg. (= thetis, Hiibn.), for M. lachesis 
as the date suggests. The type Carysophanus virgauree has not hitherto 
been reported from South Spain at all, the var. miegii, Vogel, accord- 
ing to Staudinger, not extending beyond the central regions. Perhaps 
the title of Mr. Sowerby’s note requires amendment as to date; no 
doubt he will explain.—H. Rownanp-Brown ; Oxhey Grove, Harrow 
Weald, October 19th, 1907. 


SOCIETIES. 


EntomouoeicaL Society or Lonpon.—Wednesday, October 2nd, 1907. 
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, President, in the chair.—Mr. J. A. D. Perrins, 
Junior, of Davenham, Malvern, and Mr. Frank Milburn Howlett, of 
the Agricultural Department, Pusa, Bengal, India, were elected Fellows 
of the Society.—The Rev. F. D. Morice gave an account of his recep- 
tion as the representative of the Society, and of the celebrations at the 
University of Upsala, and at the Academy of Science of Stockholm, at 
which he was present.—Commander J. J. Walker showed living 
specimens of the heteromerous beetle Sitaris muralis, first rediscovered 
at Oxford in 1903 by Mr. A. H. Hamm, of the Oxford University 
Museum, and found rather freely during September 1906 and 1907, 
on old stone walls in the vicinity of Oxford inhabited by the Mason 
Bee, Podalirius (Anthophora) pilipes, on which it is parasitic in its 
early stages.— Mr. G. T. Porritt exhibited black specimens of both 
sexes of Fidonia atomaria from the Harden Moss Moors, Huddersfield, 
illustrating the melanic tendency of Lepidoptera in the district.—Mr, 
H. St. J. Donisthorpe exhibited Apion semivittatum taken on Mercuri- 
alis annua at Deal in August and September 1907; Magdalis duplicata 
from Nethy Bridge in July 1907, the first record of the species for 
Scotland; Formica sanguinea from Aviemore and Nethy Bridge in July 
1907, the first record for Scotland ; and Piezostethus formicetorum, taken 
with Formica rufa at Rannoch, in July, a species which has not been 


SOCIETIES. 259 


found in Scotland since Dr. Buchanan White first captured it at 
Braemar in 1874.—Mr. A. H. Jones brought for exhibition a-case of 
butterflies taken this year from Herculesbad, South Hungary, including 
specimens of Erebia melas from the Domogled, remarkable in their 
resemblance to Hrebia alecto var. nicholli, Oberth., from Campiglio, and 
Erebia lefebvrei, Oberth., also shown for comparison by Mr. H. Rowland- 
Brown. Mr. Jones also exhibited examples of Chrysophanus dispar var. 
rutilus, and C. alciphron from the neighbourhood of Buda-Pesth; both 
species of great size and brilliant colouring.—Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited 
specimens from Uganda of the African Pierine genus Mylothris, show- 
ing an almost complete gradation between Mylothris chioris, Fabr., and 
M. agathina, Cram.—Mr. M. Jacoby showed several fine forms of the 
Lycena beliargus ab. ceronus taken this autumn at Folkestone, including 
one example of the ab. cinnides, Stgr.—Mr. Norman Joy exhibited a 
specimen of the rare beetle Cryptophagus subdepressus, Gyll., taken near 
Garva, Ross, on August 4th last.—Mr. W. J. Lucas showed on behalf 
of Mr. Nicholson and Mr. Summers two specimens of Deitlephila 
euphorbie@ bred by them from larve found in Kew Gardens; also several 
examples of predaceous insects with their prey.—Mr. H. M. EKdelsten 
exhibited specimens of Sesia andreniformis, bred from pup taken in 
Bedfordshire and Kent, and ova of Nonagria canne; describing its 
remarkable methods of oviposition.—Mr. A. Harrison and Mr. H. 
Main exhibited four broods from females of Pieris napt, var. bryonia, 
captured on the Kleine Scheidegg Pass, Switzerland, in July 1906, 
showing a wide range of variation.—Prof. T. Hudson Beare exhibited 
* a specimen of the rare bug Lyg@us equestris, Linn., from St. Margaret's 
Bay; examples of Hyperatigrina, Boh., taken in some numbers on the 
wild carrot at the same locality—a very local insect, which seems to be 
contined to the extreme south-east corner of England; and specimens 
of Apion semivittatum, Gyll. off plants of Mercurialis annua, ; all taken 
during August and September at St. Margaret’s Bay.—Col. Charles 
Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.S., read a paper on ‘‘ The Species of Hesperiide 
from the Indo-Malayan and African Regions described by Herr Plotz, 
with some new Species.”’—Lieut.-Col. Neville Manders, R.A.M.C., read 
a paper on the “ Butterflies of Mauritius and Bourbon.”—Dr. T. A. 
Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., read a paper on ‘‘ The Hybernating Habit of 
the Lepidopterous Genus Marasmarcha,” and exhibited specimens to 
illustrate his remarks. 


October 16th, 1907.—Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, President, in the chair. 
—Mr. P. H. Jackson, of 112, Balham Park Road, was elected a Fellow 
of the Society.—Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited a series of Pierts napi var. 
bryonia, from comparatively low altitudes, taken in June last at Peszer, 
near Buda-Pesth, showing a wide range of variation; and a remark- 
able aberration of P. napi (nape@) bearing a strong resemblance on 
the under side to P. rap@.— Mr. W. J. Lucas showed for Mr. M. 
Burr an example of Apterygida albipennis, discovered by him near 
Dover this year, and a male specimen of D. verrucovirus—an in- 
habitant of Scandinavia—from the same locality. He also showed, 
for Mr. H. Campion, Platycleis roeselit, Hagenb., female, taken Septem- 
ber 18th, 1907, near Herne Bay; and for Mr. E. W. Campion an 
aberrant form of S. sanguineum, male, from Epping Forest; and two 


260 THE. ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Calopteryx virgo of his own from the New Forest showing failure in 
pigment. — Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited specimens of Callicore aurelia, 
Guen., together with a photograph of its larva, showing the remarkable 
branch-like horns rising out of the head. The whole life cycle is 
but nineteen days. — The Rey. F. D. Morice exhibited, side by side, a 
normal male specimen of the bee Anthidium manicatum, L., and a 
monstrosity or malformation of the same insect, which was given him 
by M. Vachal, of Argentat, Correze, France. — Dr. T. A. Chapman 
said this malformation had clearly no causation in any larval injury, 
but dated from an early period of embryonic life.—The President ex- 
hibited a living ant, a species of Camponotus, which had been found 
by Mr. Watson at Kew, in a pseudobulb of an orchis (probably a 
Bulbophyllum) from the Gold Coast. The bulb was much excavated, 
but it had no opening by which the ant could have entered. He also 
showed a large wasp (a Salius allied to dedjax) with a spider, a Mygale 
rather larger than itself, but which it had captured and was carrying 
off. These were from German E. Africa.—Lt.-Col. Neville Manders 
exhibited a melanic variety of Hestina nama, captured near Darjeeling ; 
and a monstrosity of Papilio krishna, from Sikkim, in which the wings 
on the right side were much larger than those on the left. — Mr. H. 
Main exhibited the larva of a hymenopterous parasite of Pyg@era 
bucephala, of great size compared with its host.— The President 
announced that the Council had decided in favour of holding a 
Conversazione at some date next year to be fixed by a Committee of 
Fellows elected for the purpose of organization, and the Secretary 
gave some account of what it was hoped the Socicty would be able 
to do in the way of exhibits, &c. — H. Rowzanp-Brown, M.A., Hon. 
Secretary, 


Tue Souts Lonpon Entomoxoetcat anp Naturau History Sociery.— 
September 12th, Mr. Hugh Main, B.Sc., Vice-President, in the 
chair.—Mr. South exhibited specimens of Lithosia caniola, bred from 
larve fed upon lettuce, which they seemed to prefer when in a de- 
caying condition. — Mr. Newman, a few bred specimens of Mugonia 
autumnaria, including two very beautiful dark fuscous forms, the result 
of a pairing of the unique form bred last year with a typical form. 
He also showed varieties of Aglais urtice, including forms with black 
hind wings, rayed hind wings, and with discal spots almost obsolete. 
—Mr. Goulton, living larve of Banksia argentula, and a series of 
Anticlea badiata showing much variation in the transverse banding 
and general coloration. — Mr. Harrison, imagines of the same species 
from Wicken, together with living larve.— Mr. Sich, imagines and 
ova of T’rifurcula immundelia from Surrey, and read notes on the 
habits of the imagines and larve, and giving the characteristics of 
the ova. — Dr. Chapman, bred specimens of Arctia fasciata, from 
ova obtained by him in Spain. — Mr. Main, a long series of photo- 
graphs of the life-history of Charawes jasius.—Mr. Tutt read a paper, 
‘“‘Higg-laying of the Brenthids,’’ and a considerable discussion took 
place. 

September 26th.—Myr. Hugh Main, B.Sc., Vice-President, in the 
chair.—Dr. G. C. Hodgson, of Redhill, was elected a member.—Mr. 
Tonge exhibited a living larva of Cucullia asteris from Sussex, and 


SOCIETIES. 261 


showed some stereographic views he had made of insects at rest.—Mr. 
Ashby, series of Donacia crassipes from the New Forest, D. clavipes 
from Wicken, and Hemonia curtisi from Gravesend.—Miss Fountaine, 
both sexes of the two broods of Pieris ergane, the spring specimens 
from Montenegro, and the autumn from Herzegovina.—Mr. Newman, 
a very large number of varieties and forms of the various species bred 
and captured by him during the present season.—Mr. Simmons, a 
series of Hemerophila abruptaria bred by him from a dark wild female 
crossed with a bred typical male, including a very fine gynandrous 
example, the left side the ordinary female colour, while the right side 
had the very dark form of male characters. — Messrs. Harrison and 
Main, a portion of a brood of Acidalia aversata, all of which followed 
the colour and markings of banded parents.—Mr. Gadge, a fine variety 
of Abraxas grossulariata, with mere remnants of the usual black 
markings, captured on Denmark Hill.—Mr. Goulton, a bred series of 
Euchloé cardamines of unusual size, particularly the males.—Mr. Main, 
ova of Pararge egeria in sitt on grass, and living larve of Phorodesma 
smaragdaria.—Mr. Coote, (1) living larve of Celastrina argiolus on ivy 
berries, from Eastbourne; (2) a photograph of Orchis hircina, from 
Wiltshire; and a specimen of Argiades corydon var. obsoleta, from Hast- 
bourne. — Mr. Turner, series of Parnassius delius and Colias paleno 
taken in the Engadine in August. — Mr. Sich, (1) T'ineola biselliella, 
bred specimens of large size, larvee fed on red cloth; and (2) Bork- 
hausenia pseudospretella, from larve found in flax-seed by Mr. W. West. 
—Dr. Chapman, (1) Plebius argus (egon), uniformly dark on the upper 
side; and (2) larve of Cleogene peletieraria with imagines from Gavarnie 
and specimens of C. niveata from Corinthia for comparison.—Hy. J. 
Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


Birmincuam Enromotocicat Society. — September 23rd, 1907.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair. — Mr. G. H. Kenrick 
exhibited various Lepidoptera from Wicken Fen, collected by him 
during a few days’ visit. Amongst others were Frastria argentula, Hb., 
which a local man told him was not native to the Fen, but had been 
introduced there by himself; there were also Phragmatecia castanea, 
Hb., Meliana flammea, Curt., Pyrausta cilialis, Hb., &e.—Mr. Hubert 
Langley showed various Lepidoptera taken by him at Princethorpe 
Wood, South Warwickshire, during the second week in July; there 
was a long series of Boarmia roboraria, a species hitherto regarded as 
very rare in the county, but which was very common on this occasion, 
when many males came to light between 10.45 and 11.80 p.m. at 
night; there were also Aplecta prasina, F., a very dark specimen ; 
Habrosyne derasa, L.; Euchloris pustulata, Hufn. (bajularia, Schiff.) ; 
' Cidaria silaceata, Hb., &¢. — Mr. L. Doncaster showed a very interest- 
ing bred series of Abraaas grossulariata, L., bred and arranged in con- 
nection with the Mendelian hypothesis. The experiments had been 
made with var. flavafasciata (lacticolor, Raynor). He said that in 
nature the variety occurs only in the female sex. The results of the 
experiments, whilst according generally with the required Mendelian 
proportions, were curiously complicated with the sex question; for 
although in the second generation = cross x cross, the proportions 
were three to one, yet the males were all the dominant, i.e. the type, 


262 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and the females half and half; whilst still more curiously, when 
paired male cross x pure female var., the results gave half and half 
each sex, and if reversed and paired male pure var. (obtained during 
the experiments) x female cross, the results were all males, type, ¢. e. 
dominant, and all females, var., i.e. recessive. — Mr. G. T. Bethune- 
Baker showed a series of Turkestan Arctias; a large and beautiful 
series of Arctia intercalaris, Kr., with light and dark forms; a few A. 
erschoffit, Alph., with var. issyka, Std., and a long series of A. glaphyra, 
Er., var. manni, Alph.; he pointed out how much some of the mannzt 
resembled erschoffit, and said that he believed they would prove to be 
forms of one species, and he thought it possible that var. issyka would 
have to be regarded as distinct. — Mr. H. Langley also showed the 
Stauropus fagi, L., from Princethorpe, referred to at the previous 
meeting.—Coxtsran J. Watnwricut, Lon. Sec. 


City or Lonpon Entomoxoeicat Society. — September 17th, 1907. 
—Mr. GC. W. Simmons, of Tufnell Park, and Mr. HE. Turner, of 
Twickenham, were elected to membership.—Mr. S. J. Bell, Lycena 
arion from North Cornwall, in excellent condition, although taken 
between July 25th and 81st, 1907.— Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, two 
Agrotis obscura, females, taken on September 7th and 14th, 1907, 
and ova laid by same, twelve specimens having been taken at 
Mucking during late August and early September, 1907.—Mr. J. A. 
Clark, dark Boarmia repandata, similar to London form, from Pit- 
lochrie.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, Lycena bellargus, females, taken in 
Surrey, Sussex, and Kent between May 26th and July 28rd, 1907; the 
specimens were unusually blue, which fact Dr. Hodgson suggested had 
some relation to the inclement season.—Mr. A. W. Mera, Abraaas 
ulmata from Chalfont Road, July 8th, 1907, with black markings 
almost obsolete.—Mr. C. P. Pickett, Satyrus tithonus from Dawlish, 
August, 1907, including specimens with abnormally large ocelli on 
forewings and others lacking the usual central white dot in same.— 
Mr. J. Riches, dark Cosmotriche potatoria, from Eastbourne larve.— 
Mr. P. H. Tautz, Stauropus fagi, taken at Chorley Wood about July 
15th, 1907.—Mr. J. Riches reported having seen a spent Smerinthus 
tilie female at Hornsey on September 14th.—S. Brut, Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Australian Insects. By Waurer W. Froceatt, F.L.S., Government 
Entomologist, New South Wales. Royal 8vo, pp. 500. Frontis- 
piece in colour, 87 black and white plates containing 270 figures, 
and 180 figures in the text. Sydney: William Brooks & Com- 
pany, Ltd. 1907. 


In this exceedingly well got up and liberally illustrated volume the 
author furnishes a text-book on the insects of Australia which appeals 
not only to the nature lover, but also to the entomological student. To 
the latter it will be most helpful, whilst the former will find much of 
interest in its pages, and the illustrations, many reproduced from 
photographs, will show him a number of the various forms of insect- 


RECENT LITERATURE. 268 


life occurring in Australia. The sequence of the orders is as follows: 
—1l. Aptera. 2. Orthoptera (7 plates). 3. Neuroptera (2 plates). 4. 
Hymenoptera (7 plates). 5. Coleoptera (2 plates). 6. Lepidoptera 
(Rhopalocera, 3 plates; Heterocera, 5 plates). 7. Diptera (4 plates). 
8. Hemiptera (2 plates ; Homoptera, 4 plates ; Anopleura; and Mallo- 
phaga). 9. Thysanoptera (1 plate). 

The Termitide—here included in Orthoptera, and placed immedi- 
ately after the Blattide, and before the Embiidee—are well represented ; 
thirty-five species have been detected, and it is thought. probable that 
others may yet be found in Australia. The reproductions of photo- 
graphs of the mounds built up by ‘‘ white ants,” on plates ili. and iv., 
are extremely good; the termitarium of Hutermes pyriformis is said to 
sometimes attain a height of eighteen feet. 

Some of the insects belonging to Neuroptera are of curious struc- 
ture. Croce attenuata, for example, has the fore wings like those of a 
mayfly, but the hind wings are very slender affairs, and greatly exceed 
the body in length. Among the Odonata, of which family over one 
hundred species are found in Australia, there is Petalura gigantea, 
measuring from 5 to 64 in. in expanse. Australia is rich in Hymeno- 
ptera, but the Coleoptera are perhaps better known, as our author 
states that some thousands have been added to Masters’ Catalogue, 
in which 7200 species were enumerated. In Lepidoptera the number 
of Nymphalide has not been indicated, but of Lycwenide about 114 
species appear to be known, although many are local and rare. Just 
over thirty species of Pieride and about twenty species of Papilionide 
occur in Australia; whilst of Hesperiide seventy-nine species have 
been identified. Moths are well represented in all parts of Australia, 
and among the Noctuide are noted Leucania unipuncta, Heliothis armi- 
gera, and Prodenia littoralis, all of which have occasionally been 
observed in England. In 1864 Schiner estimated the number of 
described Australian species of Diptera at 1056, and since that date a 
large number have no doubt been added. In this order, and also in 
Hemiptera, there seems not to be any complete catalogues of Australian 
species. 

Of course, only some of the species in the families of each order 
are dealt with, but the selection made appears to be a useful one. 
Discussing the Sphingide, our author, on p. 237, states that ‘ they 
take their scientific name from the fanciful resemblance of their stiff 
horny pup . .. to the Egyptian Sphinx.’’ We had always supposed 
that the sphinx-like attitude of the larva when resting suggested the 
name. Further down on the same page the larva of Cherocampa 
celerio is said to have eye-like spots on the hind segments; in this 
statement hind is probably a misprint for front. There are one or 
two other observations that are new to us, but space does not 
permit of further reference to them. 


Butterflies of Hong Kong and South-east China. By J. C, Kursuaw, 
L.S., &e. 


Part VI., completing this work, has recently come to hand. On 
pp. 121-140 the Hesperiide are dealt with. General notes, appendix, 


264 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and notes on collecting occupy a further sixteen pages. Various other 
matters, including a glossary of terms, errata, and index, bring up the 
number of pages in the volume to 184. There are also eight plates, 
of which one in colour represents the Hesperid butterflies (plate xiv.). 
Plates ia-iva give coloured figures of larve and pupe. Life-history 
and other details are figured on plates via and vila. 

The publishers are Kelly and Walsh, Hong Kong, Shanghai, 
Singapore, and Yokohama; and R. H. Porter, Princes Street, is the 
London agent. 


The following publications have also been received :— 


Diptera Danica Genera and Species of Flies hitherto found in Denmark. 
By Wiuuiam Lunpsecx. Part I. Stratiomyiide, Xylophagide, 
Ceenomyiide, Tabanide, Leptidide, Acroceride. Pp.166. With 
portrait of R. C. Steger, and forty-seven figures. Copenhagen : 
G. H.C. Gad. London: William Wesley & Son. 1907. 


The majority of the species discussed in this part occur in Britain. 
The work is to be completed in about ten parts. 


Les Premiers Etats des Lépidopteres Frangais Rhopalocera (Anciens 
Diurnes). Par M. C. Frionner, Professeur de Sciences Naturelles 
au College de Saint-Dizier, &c. Pp. i-xl, 1-820. Three plain 
plates. Saint-Dizier. 1906. (May be had of A. Hermann, 
Rue de la Sorbonne, Paris.) 


Précis des Caractéres Génériques des Insectes, disposés dans un Ordre 
Naturel. Par le Crroven Larrertye. A Paris, chez Prévot. 
Libraire, Quai des Augustins et a Brive, chez F. Bordeaux : 
Imprimeur Libraire. (1907.) (Sold by A. Hermann as above.) 


Pierre- André Latreille a Brive de 1762 a 1798. Par Louis pr Nussac. 
Sous-Bibliothécaire au Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Pp. 264. 
Paris: G, Steinheil, Rue Casimir-Delavigne 2. .1907. 


Manchester Microscopical Society. Annual Report and Transactions, 1906. 
Pp. 97. Manchester: The Society. July, 1907. Contains 
‘‘Notes on Scolytide or Bark Beetles,” by A. T. Gillanders 
(pp. 69-75). 

Report of the. Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agricultural 


College Experimental Station, New Brunswick, N.J. By Joun 5 
SmirH, Sc.D. For the year 1906. Pp. i-iv, 517-670. 


The under-mentioned are reprints from the ‘ Proceedings of the 
U.S. National Museum’ :— 


The Decticine (a Group of Orthoptera) of North America. By ANDREW 
Neuson Caupett. (No. 1580, vol. xxxii. pp. 285-410. May 
23rd, 1907.) 

Revision of the American Moths of the Genus Argyresthia. By Avueusr 
Buscx. (No. 1506, vol. xxxii. pp. 5-24, with plates iv.—v. 
1907.) 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST 


Vout. XL.) DECEMBER, 1907. [No. 585 


NEW AMERICAN BEES.—V. 
By T. D. A. CockERELL. 


Nomada lippie sublippie, var. nov. 


g. Clypeus black; no supraclypeal mark; lateral face-marks 
narrower above. 

Hab. las Cruces, New Mexico, at flowers of Solidago, 
Sept. 15th, 1895 (Cockerell). 


Nomada crucis, Ckll. 


This was described from males only. At Cloudcroft, New 
Mexico, Mr. H. L. Vicreck took a female (June 16th, 1902), 
to which I can only refer here. It differs from the male in the 
larger size, black clypeus, and absence of supraclypeal marks. 
It is easily known from N. texana by the coarse punctures of 
mesothorax; from modesta by the absence of yellow spots on 
metathorax; from neomexicana by the yellow tegule, and two 
light yellow bands (the second interrupted) on venter of abdo- 
men; from modesta rivertonensis by the flagellum red beneath ; 
from vegana by the black clypeus and metathorax. 


Nomada (Micronomada) garciana, sp. nov. (snowt, subsp. ?). 


g. Length about 7 mm.; black, with the light markings on head 
and thorax ivory-colour or yellowish-white, the abdominal bands dull 
yellow; legs clear red, with spots on middle and hind cox, small 
spots at apex of anterior and middle tibia, large spot at apex of hind 
tibiz, and hind basitarsi, all white. Face pale practically up to level 
of antenne, the lateral marks extending beyond, and ending at an 
angle of 45°; antenne red, a little suffused with dusky above, third 
joint about or almost twice as long as fourth; mesothorax shining, 
with strong punctures, quite widely separated in the middle; upper 
border of prothorax, tubercles, a large transverse patch on pleura, 
scutellum, and post-scutellum, all pale, the scutellums more strongly 
yellow ; metathorax without yellow or white marks, but its lower half 


ENTOM.—DECEMBER, 1907. Oa 


266 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ferruginous ; tegule yellowish-white; wings long, strongly dusky at 
tip, b. n. meeting t. m. a little on the outer side, second gs. m. nearly 
as large as third; abdomen strongly punctured, with five entire yellow 
bands; apical plate very strongly notched; venter with the first two 
segments largely ferruginous, the third and fourth with broad dull 
yellow bands. In my table of Rocky Mountain Nomada (Bull. 94, 
Colo. Exp. Sta.) this runs to N. snowi, Cresson, to which it appears 
to be allied. It differs, however, by the ferruginous colour on the 
metathorax, the absence of black marks on the legs, and the band 
on first abdominal segment not ‘deeply indented on each side 
anteriorly.”’ The scape is obscurely whitish beneath, not with a 
white spot. It is possible that it represents a southern race or sub- 
species of N. snowi. ‘The spine on anterior coxa is ferruginous, of 
moderate length. 


Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, on the College Farm, 
May Ist, at flowers of Melilotus indica, along with Halictus 
bardus, Cress., H. mesillensis, Ckll., H. pectoraloides, Ckll. 
(many), H. meliloti, Ckll., Spinoliella meliloti, Ckll., Sphecodes 
and Prosopis. Named after Professor Fabian Garcia, of the New 
Mexico Agricultural College. 


Epeolus barberiellus, sp. nov. 


@. Length 54 mm.; black, with the usual pale markings; man- 
dibles and labrum ferruginous; clypeus rugosopunctate ; flagellum 
dull reddish beneath ; vertex shining, with strong punctures; meso- 
thorax shining, with strong close punctures ; lower part of pleura the 
same; mesothorax obscurely and suffusedly bilineate, the bands of 
hair connected with the general hairiness of the anterior lateral 
margins; scutellum flat, scutellar teeth black and almost obsolete; 
tegule clear apricot colour; wings dusky; legs red, the femora 
reddish-black except at apex; tibia clouded with dusky; spurs red ; 
first abdominal segment covered with hair except a large discal T; 
segments 2 to 4 with very broad hair-bands, that on 2 narrowly 
interrupted; fifth and apex reddish, silvery lunule short; venter 
rufescent. H. crucis, Ckll., occurring in the same district, is easily 
separated by the longer, red, scutellar teeth, the large distinct spot of 
hair on anterior part of mesothorax, &e. 


Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, April 22nd (C. M. Barber). 


Perdita lepidit, sp. nov. 

@. Length just over 5 mm.; head blue-green; front and vertex 
dull, with a granular surface, cheeks shining; face-marks cream 
colour, consisting of long-pyriform lateral marks, and a light crescent 
occupying the upper edge of the clypeus, and sending downwards a 
large lobe-like projection in the median line; labrum black; mandibles 
with the basal half yellowish-white, the apical ferruginous; antenne 
dark, the flagellum dull pale yellow beneath ; mesothorax yellow-green, 
exceedingly shiny, with a strong median groove; scutellum like meso- 
thorax, but post-scutellum and metathorax dull blue-green; pleura 
blue-green, shining; tubercles cream colour; wings dusky, nervures 


NEW AMERICAN BEES. 267 


and margin of stigma dilute sepia; third discoidal cell very distinct ; 
legs black, with the anterior and middle tibie in front, anterior tarsi 
and the knees, light yellow; middle tarsi pale brownish ; abdomen 
black, with bright yellow markings, consisting of a pair of little spots 
on first segment, and large oblique marks on sides of second, third, 
and fourth; venter dark. Labial palpi comparatively short, the first 
joint about as long as the other three together. Runs in table of 
Perdita (Proc. Phila. Acad. 1896) to P. obscurata, from which it differs 
by the brown nervures and markings of thorax. 

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, at flowers of Lepidium jonesii, 
Rydberg, July 28th, 1907; two females (S. A. Rohwer). At the 
same time, place, and flowers, Mr. Rohwer took Perdita tortifolie, 
Ckil., six females, and P. florissantella, Ckll., three females, two 
males. It has occurred to me that possibly tortifolie may be a 
mutation of florissantella, although the face-marks are radically 
different, and there is no sign of anything intermediate, unless 
a single tortifolie with a little short light stripe on the clypeus 
can be so regarded. In 1906 the very numerous specimens 
from Hriogonum umbellatum were all ftorissantella; but in 1907 
(July 21st-23rd) Mr. Rohwer took from this flower eight floris- 
santella and one tortifolia. 


Dioxys aurifusca (Titus). 


Chrysopheon aurifuscus, Titus, Canad. Entom. 1901, p. 256 
(Colorado). 

After studying one of the types of this very distinct species, 
I am persuaded that Chrysopheon is not more than a subgenus 
of Dioxys. The species has some resemblance to the Algerian 
D. rufiventris, Lep. 


Dioxys marti, Ckll. 

I have before me two examples taken by Professor C. H. T. 
Townsend at Las Cruces, New Mexico, May 10th and 11th. 
These show that the venational character cited in the original 
description (first r.n. joining first s. m.) is not constant; but 
the species is easily known from D. producta by the rounded, 
not produced, apex of abdomen. 


Nomada subaccepta, sp. nov. 


3. Length a little over 8 mm.; head and thorax black, with 
quite abundant white hair, which is dense and silky on face; clypeus, 
Jateral marks, labrum, basal half of mandibles and scape in front all 
pale yeliow; labrum hairy, and with a small red tubercle; lateral 
marks very broad below, but rapidly narrowing to a line which ends 
at level of antenne ; cheeks entirely black; a small red spot above 
each eye; scape stout, but not swollen; third joint a little over half 
as long as fourth; flagellum stout but normal (not dentate or con- 
spicuously undulate), red, the basal half black, and the apical more or 
less dusky, above, though even on the black part there are red sutural 

2 AD 


268 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


lines; scutellum strongly bilobed, bright red; a little red on post- 
scutellum ; mesothorax black or faintly red ; tubercles and a patch on 
pleura beneath them red more or less stained with yellow; tegule 
red ; wings dark at apex; b. n. going a short distance basad of t. m. ; 
second s. m. at least as broad above as third; legs red, hind femora 
black except at apex; middle femora with a variable amount of black ; 
hind basitarsus largely black without; abdomen very minutely punc- 
tured, rather light red, first segment with the basal half black, and 
without any yellow; second to fourth with broadly interrupted pale 
yellow bands, or large lateral spots, those on second when very large 
notched anteriorly at the sides; fifth and sixth with narrow bands, 
not or hardly interrupted, that on fifth when well developed notched 
posteriorly at the sides; apical plate broad and notched; venter red, 
the first segment with a large bilobed black patch, the others more or 
less stained with blackish, the third and fourth with slight yellow 
markings, the apex with a large yellow patch. In my tables of Rocky 
Mountain Nomada runs to N. vicinalis, but differs by its smaller size, 
base of metathorax with distinct though delicate longitudinal ridges, 
absence of yellow on first abdominal segment, &c. If the male of 
N. accepta had been unknown, I should have been inclined to refer 
subaccepta to that species; but Cresson describes male accepta, and it 
differs by having only the anterior margin of the clypeus light, &e. 
In many respects it resembles the Canadian N. armateli/a, Ckll., but 
the form of the apical plate is different, there is no supraclypeal mark, 
and the flagellum is not entirely red. In Schmiedcknecht’s table of 
Kuropean species it runs to twenty-eight, and runs out because of the 
red scutellum. 

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, two males, June 138th and 
15th, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer). One was at flowers of Antennaria 
microphylla. 

Another male Nomada, taken by Mr. Rohwer at Florissant, 
on June 15th, also runs to vicinalis in the Rocky Mountain 
table; while in Robertson’s table (Canad. Entom. 1903, p. 179) 
it runs to N. illinoiensis. It is really very close to illinotensis, 
but it has the hair of the vertex and thorax above ferruginous, 
the scutellum with a pair of large red spots, and the bright 
lemon yellow on the abdomen very well developed. Its length is 
8mm. I do not describe it as new, because I think it is very 
likely to prove to be the male of N. cymbalarie, Ckll., hitherto 
known from a single female. The sexes in this group are so 
different that their correct association is a matter of great 
difficulty. 

Melissodes fremontit, sp. nov. 

3. In nearly all respects, including the structure of the antenna, 
&e., ike M. confusa, Cresson, but differing as follows:—Hyes green ; 
face conspicuously broader, eyes more diverging above; antenne 
black, but in a strong light most of the flagellar joints show a dark 
red spot beneath; abdomen narrower and more cylindrical; of the 
four lateral subapical spines which are so prominent in M. confusa. 
the anterior ones are very small and easily overlooked, yet quite well 


NEW MICROJOPPA FROM TRINIDAD. 2.69 


formed, while the posterior are reduced to mere dentiform rudiments. 
The apical portion of the marginal cell is shorter than in confusa. 
The M. confusa compared is one of Cresson’s types. 

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, at flowers of Geranium fremonti, 
July 23rd, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer). 


Melissodes mysops, Ckll. 

Mr. S. A. Rohwer took one female and fourteen males at 
flowers of Carduus acaulescens at Florissant, July 24th—29th, 
1907. ‘The males mostly differ from the type in having the 
yellow of the clypeus strongly trilobed, and the scutellum is 
often without black hair; but the species remains quite distinct 
from M. enict. 

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado: 

October 15th, 1907. 


NEW MICROJOPPA FROM TRINIDAD. 
By P. Cameron. 


V Microjoppa dentipes, sp. nov. 

Bright orange yellow, the antenne, front except laterally, vertex, 
upper part of occiput narrowly, middle of pronotum, mesonotum, 
middle of scutellum to the lateral furrows, the third abdominal 
seement except laterally and the following entirely, black; the black 
on the apical segments tinged with violaceous. Wings yellowish 
hyaline to the transverse basal nervure, the following part clear 
hyaline, the apex from shortly behind the apical abscissa of the radius, 
the cloud becoming narrowed behind, and a narrower cloud on the 
apex of the hind wings, fuscous, the stigma and apical nervures 
black. Legs coloured like the body, the apical half of hind femora, 
about the basal fourth of hind tibie and the four posterior tibie, black. 
Pubescence dense and white. g. Length, 14 mm. 

Trinidad. 

First abdominal segment except narrowly at the base, and the 
second strongly, acutely longitudinally striated, the basal three- 
fourths of the third more closely and finely striated. Apex of 
clypeus with two rows of punctures, the rest of the head smooth. 
Scutellum sparsely punctured, more closely towards the apex, the 
sides before the apex irregularly longitudinally striated; the sides 
stoutly keeled to near the apex, furrowed inside the keel. Basal 
third of metanotum smooth, the rest closely, distinctly, but not 
strongly punctured. Areola slightly wider than long, the apex 
rounded inwardly. Apex of mesopleure with a crenulated border. 
On the inner side of the hind coxe, near the apex, is a short, stout 
tooth. Areolet narrowed in front, the nervures almost touching, the 
recurrent nervure received shorily beyond the middle. 


Allied to M. geniculata, Cam. 


270 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS 
CALLIMENUS, Fiscuer pe WaupHemm (ORTHOPTERA., 
BRADYPORID/). 


By A. M. Suuaurorr (Odessa). 


(Concluded from p. 251.) 


Returning to a brief revision of the species of the genus 
Callimenus, we are at once struck with the impossibility of deter- 
mining the greater number of specimens which fall into the 
hands of entomologists by means of the synoptical tables at pre- 
sent in existence. ‘This is partly explained by the fact that the 
form of the pronotum varies to a remarkable extent in Calli- 
menus, and also the number of keels or ridges on the hinder 
margin of the abdominal segments. This is most unreliable. 
It is hard to find two specimens exactly agreeing in colour. 
The variation, too, in the size of the tubercular ridges on the 
segments of the abdomen has been sufficiently noticed. 

But apart from this individual variability* observed in mor- 
phologically equivalent individuals, in Callimenus, malformation 
(monstrositas, Missbildung) is, evidently, also observed ; at least, 
it is particularly to this kind of variation that I am inclined to 
attribute such an incident as, for instance, I have observed in a 
male in my own collection, when the right mesosternal lobe is bifid 
at the extremity, although in the diagnosis these lobes should be 
described as ‘‘ magis acuminati.” 

The comparison of the same morphological peculiarities in 
different species of the genus Callimenus enables us to draw up 
the table given on p. 178, the material for which was afforded 
by the descriptions of Brunner, the collection of the Oxford 
Museum,{ and the personal observations of the author of this 
article. . 

In the genus Callimenus, erected by the learned Russian, 
Fischer de Waldheim, in his letter to Serville in 18338, in the Ann. 


* In the use of this term I follow the interpretation of Duncker, ‘‘ Die 
Methode der Variations-Statistik”’ (‘ Arch. f. Entm.-mech. der Organism,’ viii. 
(1899) ). Hugo de Fries, for individual variation, employs the term ‘“ fluctu- 
ation,’ but Prof. Shimkevich (Hor. St. Pet. N. H. Soc. xxxv. 4, pp. 28-29 
(1906) ) calls it ‘‘ flexibility.” 

+ [That is, of course, a reference to the pagination of the ‘ Revue’ in 
which this article originally appears.—M. B. | 

} Mr. Burr kindly consented to allow me to publish the synoptical table 
which was drawn up by him; at the same time he gave me the information 
about the female of C. montandoni, Burr., the description of which had not 
previously been published. For this friendly assistance I have pleasure in 
expressing to him my sincere thanks. 

[This is a mistake on the part of M. Shuguroff. The material is in my 
own collection, at present stored in the Hope Museum by the kindness of 
Professor Poulton. Hence the error.—M. B.] 


OBSERVATIONS ON SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLIMENUS. 271 


Soc. Ent. Fr. ii. p. 18, there are included at the present time six 
species, of which five belong to the European fauna. ‘These five 
species are the following :— 

Callimenus oniscus, Charp. (1839). 

C. longicollis, Schulth. (1881) = pancict, Brunn.-Watt. 
(1881). 

C. montandoni, Burr. (1898) = longicollis, Fieb. non Schulth. 

C. dilatatus, Stal (1875) = inflatus, Brunn.-Watt. (1882). 

C. brauneri, Shug. (1907). 

The sixth species, hitherto only known from Persia, is C. 
latipes, Stal.* 

The synonymy of the species of Callimenus is exceedingly 
confused. 

Thus Lefebvre, in 1831, in Guérin’s Magasin de Zool. i. 
No. 5, gave the description of some kind of ‘‘ Ground Pig’ t 
(vide fig. 1 on pl. 5, @, l.c.) under the name of Hpippiger macro- 
gaster,* in the opinion of Mr. Burr (tn litt.) entirely distinct from 
C. oniscus, Charp., and approaching the species of the type of 
C. montandoni and C. brauneri. In the meantime, every author, 
from Fischer, of Fribourg,§ to Jacobson,|| regards C. macrogaster, 
Lef., as synonymous with C. oniscus, Charp., acknowledging the 
right of priority to Lefebvre’s name. 

C. longicollis, Fieb., is queried by Brunner von Wattenwyl‘l 
as a synonym of C. pancici, but, as it seems to me, without 
sufficient grounds. 

Fieber** describes his var. a in such a way that his diagnosis 
may be also referred to C. pancici, Br. v. Watt., and especially 
to C. montandoni, Burr, a synonym of which it evidently is. 

C. longicollis, Schulthess-Rechberg, was described by that 
author in 1881 from specimens from Nish, in Servia, in his 
article, ‘‘ Kine Excursion nach Serbien.” t+ 

Schulthess writes:—‘‘ This species is closely allied to C. 
oniscus, Charp., which is common throughout Greece, and is 
distinguished by the form of the subgenital lamina of the female, 
the somewhat more obtuse lobes of the metasternum, and through 
a different arrangement of the folds of the pronotum, which 
has thus the appearance of a somewhat greater length.” In 
spite of the vagueness of the specific distinctions in the case of 
Schulthess’s species, it is still possible to affirm, with a sufficient 


** [A seventh, very distinct, species was brought home by Senor Escalera, 
also from Persia, and will be described by Bolivar.—M. B. 
|‘* Zemliannaia Svinka,” the popular Russian name for these remark- 
able insects.—M. B. | 
+ Unfortunately I have had no access to Lefebvre’s work. 
§ Orth. Eur. 1853, p. 203. 
|| Jacobson and Bianki, Priam. i. Lozhn. Ross. Imp. 1905, p. 421. 
q Prod. Eur. Orth. 1882. 
*~ Syn. Eur. Orth. Lotos. iv. 1853. 
++ Mitth. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. vi. 5, 1881, pp. 883-384. 


972, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


degree of confidence, that he was dealing with that form which 
was described two years later by Brunner von Wattenwyl under 
the name of C. pancici. 

A comparison of the five European species gives us a founda- 
tion for the following synoptical table for their determination :— 


1. (2) Pronotum (male) strongly inflated pos- 
teriorly. Subgenital lamina (male) very 
convex, with a broad emargination . C. dilatatus, Stal. 

(1) Pronotum not inflated. 

(6) Mesosternal lobes cylindrical. 

(5) Length of mesosternal lobes equal to 
their breadth. Subgenital lamina (male) 
with slight emargination, but with 
ridges on the sides; female rounded 
posteriorly apically, with a sharp tooth 
in the inner margin ; pointed apically 
in female . ; : ; : . C.oniscus, Charp. 

5. (4) Mesosternal lobes longer than broad. 

Subgenital lamina (male) entire, with 

lateral ridges; in the female broad, 

emarginate posteriorly and laterally, 

with teeth at the posterior angles and 

at the base; cerci (male) conical and 

pointed with a strong tooth; same in 

female ; A : : : . C. longicollis, Schulth. 
6. (8) Mesosternal lobes obtusely triangular ; 

subgenital lamina (male) entire, with 

lateral ridges, but rounded in the female 

with an apical emargination, and cerci 

(male) cylindrical and rounded, but 

short in female, conical and pointed. 
7. (8) Mesosternal lobes blunt at the apex. 

Metasternal lobes blunt, rounded api- 

cally, slightly longer than broad . C. montandont, Burr. 
8. (7). Mesosternal lobes pointed apically ; 

metasternal lobes narrow, longer than 

broad, parallel, pointed at the apex 

itself . : : 


H= OO bo 


C. braunert, Shug. 


From this table it is evident that C. brauneri, Shug., stands 
nearest to C. montandoni, Burr, and it is possible that both 
species may turn out to be local races of one form; for the deter- 
mination of this question, it is necessary to have material from 
all localities north, north-west, and north-east of the shores of the 
Black Sea. At the present time, when in the Zoological Museum 
of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg there are 
only sixteen specimens of Callimenus of various species, and in 
the National History Museum of the Chersonese only two,* and 


* See my note about this in the Rev. Russe d’Ent. 1906. 


OBSERVATIONS ON SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLIMENUS. 273 


in my collection four, of which two are damaged, it is impossible 
to solve this question. 

The species of Callimenus (1 do not include C. latipes, Stal, in 
this review) are recorded from the following localities in Kurope 
and Asia Minor :— 

Callimenus oniscus, Charp.: Transylvania (Hermannopolis, 
Prof. Fuss.) ;* Greece (Thessaly, Epirus, the neighbourhood of 
Athens) ; Turkey (Macedonia) ;+ Asia Minor ;{ Roumania (ac- 
cording to Fischer, ‘“‘ Valachia, near mts. Kraiova’’);§ Russia 
(Government of Cherson) ;|| Province of Kuban (?); {1 Ekaterino- 
slav (Veliko-anadol) ;** Government of Kharkoff (near the town 
of Kharkoff ;tt and of Voronezh).!t 

C. longicollis, Schulth. (non Fieb.!) has been found near 
Nish, in Servia,§§ and in Turkey.|||| 

C. dilatatus, Stal, has been found at Amasia, and generally in 
Asia Minor up to Lake Van. 

C. montandoni, Burr, was found in Roumania,‘{/{) and in 
Bessarabia. 

C. brauneri, Shug., was found in Northern Ciscaucasia, in the 
valley of the Manuich,*** near Rostov-on-the-Don. 

As regards the record by Jacobson of C. oniscus, Charp., from 
the Crimea, it appears that it arose through a slight misunder- 
standing. The ‘“ Station Sennaja,” near which, according to 
Fischer, Stevens’s Callimenus was found, is not in the Crimea, 
but in the Taman Peninsula, on the south-eastern shore of the 
Tamansky Gulf; so that all records of Fischer Fr., Jacobson, 
Brunner von Wattenwyl, and Shuguroff, of Callimenus from the 
Crimea, are based upon a simple mistake in geography.t tt 

From this review of the geographical distribution of the 
species of Callimenus, the following conclusions are evident: of 
the five European representatives of Callimenus, four have a 
very restricted geographical distribution, and only one (C. oniscus, 
Charp.) inhabits all the northern, western, and eastern shores of 
the Black Sea and Greece. With regard to the presence of 
C. oniscus within the boundaries of Southern Russia, the records 


* Fisch. Fr. Orth. Hur. 1853, p. 203. 
+ Brunner von Wattenwyl, Prod. Eur. Orth. 1882, p. 252. 
| Werner, Sitz. k. Ak. Wien., math-nat. Cl., Bd. ex. Abth. i. pp. 285-286, 
§ Fisch. Fr. op. cit. p. 208. 
|| Shuguroff, Rev. Russe d’Ent. v. 1905, pp. 34-35. 
*| Lindeman, Obsch. Osnov. Entom. p. 206. 
** Tbid., p. 206. ++ Shuguroff, l.c. p. 35. tt Ibid., p. 35. 
§§ Brunner von Wattenwy], op. cit. p. 2538. 
\||| Schulthess, Mitth. Schweiz Ent. Ges. vi. 5, 1881, p. 384. 

‘| Burr, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1898. 

4 Shuguroff, Rev. Russe d’Ent. vi. 1906, Nos. 1-2. 

+++ A. A. Brauner told me that a species of Calliomenus was found by 
him near Aleshek, but S. A. Mokrzhetsky informed me of the existence of 
some species of Callimenus near the village of Vodiane in the district of the 
Dniepr, in the Government of Tabrich. 


274 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of many of the older authors are exceedingly doubtful. The 
discrimination of the species of Callimenus by colour and the 
form of the pronotum is very untrustworthy, and until quite 
recently it was only to these characters that anyone paid atten- 
tion when determining specimens of Callimenus. These charac- 
ters have even been admitted for the separation of new species 
(Fischer de Waldheim). 

For this reason a great part of the records of older and even 
of many modern authors ought to be provisionally referred to 
other species (e.g. the record of Professor Lindeman). Other 
data may even refer to some new species, but not in every case 
to C. oniscus, Charp. 


With regard to the bionomics of Callimenus, they are typical 
natives of the steppe; Girard* writes that the species of Calli- 
menus occurs chiefly in dry regions. A.A. Brauner and I. A. 
Pachossky found their specimens in meadows lying in valleys 
and streams, and grown over with spear-grass. In Russia, as I 
have noted in this connection, the genus is adapted to that 
belt of the arcto-boreal zone which, in the language of S. Kor- 
zhinsky, of the Academy, bears the name of ‘“ the typical 
steppe.” 

Werner, speaking of C. dilatatus, Stal, remarks :—‘ This 
species appears to be widely distributed in the steppes of Asia 
Minor. . . . The railway men know them well as the ‘ railway 
beetle,’ as it often stops on the railway banks, just like T'estudo 
ibera.” 

Finally, Professor Lindeman saw Callimenus on the mud 
volcanoes of Taman. 

All these data, it seems to me, support my view which I 
expressed before, that Callimenus is one of the typical inhabitants 
of the steppe. 


THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST IN 1907. 
By F. W. & H. Campion. 


THe prevalence of inclement weather during the summer 
months occasioned a scarcity of dragonflies in our district, 
but the warm and sunny days which came towards the end of 
the season delayed the disappearance of certain species beyond 
the usual period. No dragonflies were taken after September 
22nd. 

The thirteen species enumerated below were collected during 
the year :-— 

(1) Pyrrhosoma nymphula was met with in small numbers 


* Traité Elém. d’Entom. ii. 1879, p. 166, 


THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST IN 1907. ei 5) 


from May 11th, when it was in a very immature state, until 
July 21st. 

(2) Agrion puella was on the wing longer than in previous 
years. Specimens began to be taken on June 9th, and an old 
worn female, with about half of the abdomen thinly coated with 
dry mud, was obtained as late as August 25th. On July 7th a 
male was taken while preying upon a small dipteron; a wing 
recovered from the dragonfly’s jaws was examined by Mr. K. E. 
Austen, who identified it as belonging to one of the Limnobiide, 
Hrioptera flavescens. 

(83) Ischnura elegans. — This was probably the commonest 
Asrionid, and its season was observed to extend from June 9th 


SYMPETRUM SANGUINEUM, ab. 


to September 17th. Var. infuscans was obtained on June 16th 
and July 14th—three specimens in all. 

(4) Enallagma cyathigerwn.—The distribution of this species 
was more widely extended thanis usually thecase. The first cap- 
ture was made on June 9th, and the last on September Ist. Blue 
females were taken singly on July 7th and August 24th and 25th. 

(5) Cordulia enea.—A few specimens, including a female, 
were taken on June 9th and 16th. The males were somewhat 
smaller than those taken in 1906, although they were still of 
exceptional size. The largest measured 50°5 mm. in length and 
70°5 mm. across the hind wings, and the smallest 48°5 mm. by 
68mm. The length of the female was 51 mm., and the expanse 
72 mm. 

(6) Brachytron pratense.—A fine male was secured on June 
16th, some miles away from the locality where the female was 
taken in 1906. No other specimens were seen. 

(7) Libellula depressa was met with on one date only (June 
16th), when a male was taken without a trace of blue powder on 
the abdomen, 


276 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(8) d’schna grandis.—If an empty nymph-case referable to 
this species found on July 14th may be regarded as belonging to 
the present season, 4. grandis was then on the wing. ‘The first 
imago was seen on August 4th, and several matured specimens 
were taken on the 11th, when the females were ovipositing. On 
August 6th a female nymph was found clinging to the stem of a 
plant; it was dead but still fresh, having probably left the water 
during the preceding night or in the early morning, and perished 
of the cold then prevailing. It had partly disclosed the imago, 
and the anterior pair of bright yellow thoracic stripes were very 
conspicuous. The species remained on the wing longer than 
usual, specimens being taken at as late a date as September 
17th. 

(9) Sympetrum striolatum.—On July 20th we put up a soft- 
bodied, freshly emerged imago, doubtless of this species, which 
flew away across a pond. It was immediately seen and eagerly 
pursued by a sparrow, and a second sparrow quickly joined in 
the chase. As far as could be seen, the dragonfly fell a victim 
to the birds, but in any case the pursuit was very keen. Another 
specimen was taken on the same date, and thereafter immature 
individuals occurred sparingly until September 17th. On the 
8th of that month the earliest matured examples were met with, 
including some brilliantly coloured males. The latest capture 
was made on September 22nd. 

(10) Atschna cyanea.—The first imago taken was a very im- 
mature male, which was resting on rushes bordering a pond, and 
had probably emerged from the water that day (July 21st). 
Close by was found a nymph-skin which evidently belonged to 
the imago previously obtained, for both had the extremity of the 
abdomen twisted to the right. The species never became com- 
‘mon, and the last specimen was taken on September 22nd. 

(11) Anax imperator.— Two rather worn males, the only 
Specimens noticed during the year, were taken on August 11th, 
the latest date for the species of which any record is before us. 

(12) Lestes sponsa was found to be very abundant near Kpping 
on August 15th, when a female was taken measuring only 32 mm. - 
in length and 41°5 mm. in expanse. In other parts of the Forest 
district specimens occurred singly on August 25th and September 
17th and 22nd. 

(13) Sympetrum sanguineum.— Two males were taken on 
September 15th; in one of them the wings were much frayed, 
and the other is the subject of the accompanying figure. As will 
be seen, the margin of the left hind wing comprises two distinct 
curves of unequal length and convexity, meeting in a strongly 
marked notch at the end of the median sector. A slight notch 
is normally present in the wings of large dragonflies and in 
those of some other Neuroptera, but the example before us recalls 
in a striking manner the notch, at the corresponding nervure, 


A NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND. 277 


in the wings of certain Orthoptera, where the folding under of 
the wings takes place. 

Sympetrum flaveolum was looked for at the proper period at 
both localities where it occurred in 1906, but nothing of it was 
seen. A like negative result attended a search for S. vulgatum, 
notwithstanding that a large number of S. striolatuwm were taken 
and examined for the characters of the rare species. 


33, Maude Terrace, Walthamstow : 
October 24th, 1907. 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON 
FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND. 


By P. Cameron. 


Ichneumon mathewi, sp. nov. 


Black; the anterior tibiz white in front, joints 11-23 of flagellum 
of antenne cream-coloured, wings light fuscous-violaceous, the stigma 
and nervures black, the disco-cubital nervure with a long stump; 
areolet 5-angled, hardly half the length in front it is behind; the 
transverse median nervure received shortly beyond the basal. Palpi 
black. Head and thorax closely punctured; the apical half of clypeus 
depressed, the sides and apex with scattered punctures. Scutellum 
roundly convex, the apical slope straight, oblique, less strongly 
punctured than the rest. Areola large, slightly wider than long, the 
base not quite transverse, with the sides rounded, the apex transverse ; 
it is stoutly, closely, longitudinally striated throughout; the strie 
twisted; the top of the posterior median area is irregularly longi- 
tudinally striated, the rest more closely transversely striated; the 
lateral areze more stoutly obliquely striated. Post-petiole coarsely 
aciculated, finely, irregularly, aciculated, striated; the apex in the 
middle raised, smooth. Gastracceli deep, striated. The ventral fold 
is distinct on the fourth segment. Antenne short, stout, tapering and 
serrate towards the apex. Length,17mm. ¢. 

Vancouver Island (G. F. Mathew, R.N.). 

In the table of the males given by Mr. Cresson (Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc. vi. p. 186) this species comes into section i., close to 
galenus. That species (only the male is known) is ‘long, 
slender’’; its antenne is also ‘“‘ long, slender,’ not short and 
thick, as in the present species, which can hardly be called 
“slender”; galenus has the punctures on mesonotum “ indis- 
tinct”’; in the present species they are clearly defined and 
distinct. Mr. Cresson’s species has the metanotum “‘ densely 
punctured,” while in my species it is stoutly striated. I. mathewi 
is an Ichneumon as defined in Dr. Ashmead’s table (Bull. U.S. 
Nat. Mus. xxiii. 17), except that the areola is transverse at the 
apex. The basal slope of metanotum is deep, steep. 


278 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PHALAZNA (BOMBYX) LUBRICIPEDA, Liyy. 
By T. (EL Briegss Mes, RES: 


Mr. Kirsy, in his ‘ Catalogue Lep. Het.’ 1. p. 227, published 
in 1892, and in his ‘ Handbook to the Order Lepidoptera,’ pub- 
lished in 1897, gives, in my opinion, conclusive proofs that 
Linneus, when he described Phalena lubricipeda, meant our 
white ermine, commonly known as Spilosoma menthastri, and not 
the buff one. Yet all entomological magazines, periodicals, and 
their contributors from those dates seem entirely to have ignored 
these publications of Mr. Kirby’s.* 

I have not seen the first-mentioned book, but in his ‘ Hand- 
book,’ vol. iii. p. 180, he refers to— 


(i) Bombyx lubricipeda (Linn.), Syst. Nat. (ed. x.), 1. pp. 505-6, 
No. 47 (1758). 

(ii) Linn., Faun. Suec. ii. p. 308 (1761). 

(iii) Phalena lubricipeda (Scopoli), Ent. Carn. p. 208, No. 513 
(1763). 

(iv) Bombyx lubricipeda alba (Hufnagel), Berlin Mag. 11. p. 412, 
No. 25 (1766). 

(v) Bombyx menthastri, Esper, Schmett. 11. p. 334, taf. 66, 
figs. 6-10 (1786) ; Hub. Kur. Schmett. iii. figs. 152, 153 (1804 2). 

(vi) Phalena erminea, Marsham, Trans. Linn. Soc. i. p. 70, 
plaid, fie. Pd79t): 7 

(i) Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. x.), 1. pp. 505-6, No. 47 (1758). 


lubricipeda. — P. Bombyx spirilinguis, alis deflexis albidis, 
punctis nigris, abdomineque quinque fariam nigro punctato. 

Larva pilosa, fusca punctis ceruleis, linea dorsali pallida. 

Varietatem (3 non distinctam esse speciem docuit D. De Geer. 

Linneus refers to— 

(i) ‘Fauna Suecica,’ p. 254, No. 823 (1746). 

(ii) Goedart, ‘ Metamorphosis et Historia Naturalis Insect- 
orum,’ tt. 23, 88 (1662-1669). 

(iii) ‘ List Goedart,’ f. 93 (1682). 

(iv) ‘ Raii Historia Insectorum,’ p. 196, No. 155 (1710). 

(v) ‘ Merian Maria Sybilla, De Europische Insecten,’ 1. t. 46, 
f. 65 (1780). 


* In this paper I have given verbatim those of the references to which 
My. Kirby refers, as far as I have been able to have had access to the authors 
he quotes, and also to other works of Linnzus and other authors on the same 
subject not mentioned by Mr. Kirby. It must be remembered that our 
nomenclature dates from the tenth edition of Linnzeus’s Syst. Nat. (1758), 
and also that many of the older authors’ descriptions are only useful for the 
purposes of identification, as most of them are descriptions of insects to which 
no name was applied by them. 

+ This paper was read at a meeting of the Linnean Society on August 5th, 
1788, but, according to Dr. Staudinger, was not published by that Society 
until 1791, and three other references not material to this paper. 


PHALENA (BOMBYX) LUBRICIPEDA 279 


(vi) Albin, ‘ Natural History of English Insects,’ t. 24, f. 36 
(1720). 

(vii) Frisch. Ins. 3, t. 8.(1721). 

(viii) Réaumur, De Ins. 2, t. 1, ff. 7-9 (1786). 

(ix) De Geer, Ins. 1, t. 11, ff. 7-8 (1752). 

(x) Roesel, Ins. 1, Phal. 2, t. 46 (1746-1761). 

(xi) Wilkes, one hundred and twenty copper-plates of ‘ British 
Butterflies and Moths,’ pl. 20, t. 8, a—5 (1740-1761). 


Var. B. 

Goedart, Ins. t. 88; Roesel, Ins. 1, Phal. 2, t. 47; Wilkes, 
pap. 20, t. 3, a—b. 

This variety 3 is the source of all the confusion of names, 
and was evidently the male of the buff ermine; but Linneus in 
all his works only considered it as a sexual difference, and at 


last treated it only as a variety, and never gave a separate name 
to it. 


(i) Linn. ‘ Fauna Suecica,’ p. 254, No. 823 (1746). 

Phalena pectinicornis elinguis; alis deflexis albidis ; punctis 
nigris, abdomine ordinibus quinque punctorum. Mas flavis 
ordine transverso punctorum nigrorum obliquorum. 

(ii) Goedart, tt. 28, 38 (1662-1639) ; t. 23, a male var. 8 
(the buff ermine) and larva; t. 88, a female white ermine and 
larva. 

(iii) Lister Goedart (1682); f. 98, the var. 3, male; f. 96, 
type, the white ermine female. This author does not name his 
insects. 

(iv) ‘Rai Historia Insectorum’ (1710). No, 155, p. 197, 
Phalena media ex albido sublutea, alis exterioribus punctis paucis 
nigris ; omtos. This seems to be the var. 9; a male. 

No. 40, p. 195, Phalena punctata. This last reference is only 
named by Linneeus in Syst. Nat. xil., and seems to be a female 
white ermine. I do not understand the Greek word at the end 
of each of these diagnoses. 

(v) ‘ Merian Maria Sybilla, De Europische Insecten,’ i. t. 46, 
fig.65. ‘*Un Papillon Nocturne, blanc, raié et tacheté de Noir.” 
(French edition, 1730.) White ermine figured. 

(vi) Albin’s ‘Natural History of English Insects,’ t. 24, f. 36 
(1720). A figure of the white ermine and its larva; referred to 
by Linneus in his Syst. Nat. x. and xii., and in his ‘ Fauna 
Suecica,’ u. (1761). Albin states this is Goedart’s No. 96. 

(vil) Frisch. Ins. 8, tab. 8. Lubricipeda female figured ; no 
name given. 

(vil) Réaumur, De Ins. 2, p. 61, ff. 7-9 (17386). Mr. Marsham 
states that he is clearly convinced that it is the mendica of 
Linneus which is here described, and he states that Réeaumur 
describes the male ‘‘as of the colour of a rat,’’ and alludes to 
the semitransparency of the wings of the female. P. 61, i. 


280 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


pl. 1, figs. 4, 7, 9 represent the white ermine, 5 and 6, mendica ; 
Réaumur jirst describes the former both sexes, and then says he 
has also obtained from identical larve those other forms, figs. 5 
and 6. 

(ix) De Geer, 1, pp. 183-4, ff. 7,8 (1752-1778). Knows both 
species in each sex, but confuses them as one species. He 
figures (pl. xi. fig. 7) a female lubrictpeda, and (fig. 8) a male 
menthastrt. 

(x) Roesel (1746-1761) ; Theil I. Phal. 2, t. 46 (1758) ; t. 47 
(1753). Two insects are represented on this plate. Tab. 46: 
The white ermine, larve, cocoon, pupa, and imagines; one with 
wings closed, the other with wings open; both females. Tab. 47: 
The buff ermine, larve, cocoon, pupa, and imagines ; one with 
wings closed, the other with wings open; both males. 

(xi) Wilkes, one hundred and twenty copper-plates of ‘ British 
Butterflies and Moths’; t. a-6, the white ermine and its larva; 
t. a—5, the buff ermine and its larva. 


Linneus, Syst. Nat. xii. p. 829, No. 69 (1766). 

lubricipeda.—Identical description and references to those of 
the Syst. Nat. x., except added to the description are the words, 
‘“‘mas alis flavescentibus’’; and to the references. 


(i) Geoffrey, Paris Hist. Ins. p. 118, No. 21. Describes men- 
thastri, but confuses mendica with it as a variety, following the 
lead of Réaumur. This Geoffrey was Etienne Louis, who pub- 
lished ‘ Histoire Abrégée des Insectes qui se trouvent aux Envi- 
rons de Paris’ (1762). 

(ii) Fourcroy, ‘Entomologia Parisiensis.’ In this work of 
Geoffrey, edited or published by Fourcroy after his death, i. 
p. 263, No. 21 (1785), there is a moth described, P. lubricipeda. 

P. pectinicornis elinguis, alis deflexis albidis, punctis nigris, 
abdomine ordinibus quinque punctorum. 

(ii) Scopohi, ‘Entomologia Carniolica’ (1763). 

(iii) Gron. ‘ Isophylacium.Gronovianum’ (1763). A work I 
do not know. 


Scopoli, ‘ Entomologia Carniolica,’ p. 208, No. 513 (1763). 

Phalena lubricipeda, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 505-6 (veference to 
ed. x.) ; Linn. ‘ Fauna Suecica,’ 11. No. 1188 (1761). 

Diagn. Alba oculis antennisque nigris; alis deflexis ; anticis 
nigro punctatis ; abdomine supra paleaceo ; punctorum nigrorum 
ordinibus quinis ; antenne subtus dentate, basi superne albe, 
lingua substraminea, ale antice punctis nigris (7, 10) tibiee 
nigre. 

Linn. ‘ Fauna Suecica,’ i. p. 3038, No. 1188 (1761). 

Phalena (Bombyx) lubricipeda. 

lubricipeda.—Spirilinguis, alis deflexis albidis punctis nigris, 
abdomine quinque faciam nigro-punctato. Phalena pectinicornis 


PHALNA (BOMBYX) LUBRICIPEDA. 281 


elinguis, alis deflexis albidis ; punctis nigris, abdomine ordinibus 
quinque punctorum. 

With a reference to Albin’s figure, t. 24, f. 86 (the white 
ermine), and other references not material to this paper, and a 
further description I have mentioned later when referring to 
Mr. Marsham’s paper. 


Fabricius, ‘ Systema Entomologie,’ p. 576, No. 68 (1775). 

lubricipeda.—B. alis deflexis albidis, punctis nigris, abdomine 
quinque faciam nigro-punctato variat alarum colore et punc- 
torum numero suppa, folliculum cerulescens, stigmatibus rubris. 
And a description of the larva identical with that of Linnens 
in his Syst. Nat., which is not that of the buff ermine, nor is the 
pupa of that species cerulescens, but both are brown. 

In both the tenth and twelfth editions of Linneus’s Syst. Nat. 
he has a var. /3, with several references which seem to apply to 
the male buff ermine, but in both the author states, “Var. 8 non 
distinctam esse speciem docuit D. De Geer”’; and during the 
whole of his hfe Linneus failed to see that there was any other 
species included under the name lubricipeda than the white- 
winged one, the only one of which he described the larva; nor 
did Fabricius separate them. lLinnzus seems to have had some 
doubt about his var. (3, as in his twelfth edition he adds the 
words, ‘‘ mas alis flavescentibus’’; and Fabricius also, when he 
states ‘‘variat alarum colore et punctorum numero,” might 
have had an idea of a second species. Hufnagel, according to 
Mr. Kirby, described lubricipeda and its var. [3 as Bombyx lubri- 
cipeda alba and Bombyx lubricipeda lutea, but it was, so far as I 
know, reserved for Esper in 1786 to abandon Linneus’s name of 
lubricipeda for that of menthastri, giving the first name to that 
variety (3 of Linneus which he himself in his lifetime had not 
recognized or described as a species. 

Dr. Staudinger, in his Catalogue of 1871, as regards the 
white ermine, has No. 781, menthastri | Esper) =lubricipeda, L.5.N. 
x. 505 exc. var. 3, Sc. Ent. Carn. 208 (nom. restituend. ?) ; and 
yet, in his Catalogue of 1901, he creates this unnamed variety 
(which he had expressly separated in his Catalogue of 1871) into 
lubricipeda, Linn., Syst. Nat. x. 505-6, although all the descrip- 
tions of lubricipeda by Linneus himself were of a moth with white 
wines. I do not see how it is possible, by any process of reason- 
ing, to take a name an author has given to a species from it, 
and give it to an insect that author named only as a variety in 
all his works. 

Other authors have tried for some reason to find a new name 
for our white ermine instead of the var. 3 of Linneus. Mr. 
Marsham, in a paper read at a meeting of the Linnean Society 
on August 5th, 1788, which paper, according to Dr. Staudinger, 
was not published until 1791 (Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. i. p. 70), 


ENTOM.—DECEMBER, 1907. 2B 


282, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


gives this insect the name of erminea, and states :—‘‘ Fig. 1, to 
which I have given the name of erminea, appears to be the moth 
which Linneus described, in his Syst. Nat., as lubricipeda, and 
to that moth the name is affixed in his cabinet.” And his reason 
for changing the name seems to be that in the description of 
lubricipeda in the Faun. Suec., second edition, are the words, 
““mas alis flavescentibus ordine oblique transverso punctorum 
nigrorum,’’ which is a description of the male of our buff ermine, 
a moth unnamed by Linneus. 

Mr. Leech, in a paper read before the Entomological Society 
of London, December, 1898, and published in their volume of 
‘ Transactions’ for the year 1899, p. 150, names our white ermine 
punctaria, with references to Mr. Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het. i. p. 227 
(1892), and to Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 288, pl. cecxeviil. fig. p 
(1782), which name (Ray had named it punctata in 1710, see 
ante) would have priority over Esper’s name of menthastri given 
in 1786. 

I think that the whole of these descriptions clearly show that 
Mr. Kirby was quite correct in stating that the Phalena (Bombyx) 
lubricipeda of Linneus is the white species now generally but 
erroneously known as Spilosoma menthastri (Esper). 

For the references to Madame Merian, Fisch, Réaumur, 
De Geer, and Geoffrey I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. 
Louis B. Prout, who has consulted these authors, and has given 
me the results of his investigations. 


A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON THE FOOD-PLANTS 
OF ORIENTAL HEMIPTERA. 


By G. W. KirxKaupy. 


In the Hemiptera of the ‘Fauna of British India’ (vols. 
i.—i.), Mr. Distant has overlooked some records of food-plants 
made years ago by himself! 

(1) Proe. E. 8. London, 1879, p. 1 (with Moore) :— 

Halyo (!) dentata, Palomena viridissima, Piezoderus rubro- 
fasciatus, Agonoscelis nubila, Lygeus militaris,* Graptostethus 
servus.—All on Cucumerinee. 

Coptosoma cribraria on Lablab vulgaris. 

Bagrada picta, Pachymerus sordidus.—Both on Sinapis dicho- 
toma. 

The names are as given by Distant and Moore. 

(2) Proc. E. 8. London, 1878, p. lvii :— 

Erthesina fullo is eaten by the Nagas. 


* Also destructive to Zea mais.—G. W. K. 


A NEW SPECIES OF CRABRONIDH FROM BORNEO. 283 


The following seem also to have been omitted by Mr. Distant, 
and there are many more records since the publication of his first 
volume :—- 

Aspongopus janus on Cucurbita and Cucumeris. 

Canthecona cognata preys on a croton-ravaging caterpillar. 

Brachyplatys silphoides is said by Westermann (1821, Mag. 
Ent. iv. 411-27) to be very injurious to Oryza sativa in India, 
but I have no access to the work. It is translated in Rev. 
Ent. i. 111-1833. 

Myodocha acutus (= Leptocorisa, Dist.). This is a notorious 
rice pest; also found on ‘‘rubber.” It is preyed on by Cicindela 
sexpunctata. 

Leptocoris augur (= Serinetha, Dist.). Supposed to be 
mimicked by the lepidopteron Phauda flammans (cf. Rothney, 
1894, Proc. E. §. London, p. xv.). It occurs on Gossypiwm 
herbaceum and Schleichera trijunga. 

Antilochus coquebertu preys on Dysdercus cingulatus (Kirkaldy, 
1900, Entom. xxxili. 295). 

Fontejanus wasmanni is termitophilus. (Breddin, 1903, Soe. 
Ent. xviii. 75.) 

Zamila aberrans is destructive to Saccharum officinarum. It 
has been partly confused by Distant with Dictyophora pallida. 

Peregrinus maidis (= Pundaluoya simplicia and Liburnia 
psylloides, Dist.) is destructive to Zea mais. 


/ 
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CRABRONIDA 
FROM BORNEO. 


By P. Camron. 
“ Dasyproctus spilaspis, sp. nov. 

Black; the mandibles, except at the base, brownish red ; a conical 
spot, wider than long, the narrowed end on the inner side, on either 
side of the pronotum ; the scutellar keels, a broad band on the base 
of the hind tibiz, the anterior tarsi entirely, the basal two joints and 
the base of the third of the middle and the basal joint of the hinder, 
except narrowly at the apex, whitish yellow. The sides of the head, 
cheeks and face and clypeus densely covered with silvery pubescence. 
Kyes very large, coarsely faceted, touching the antenne below, the 
front with a distinct furrow. Ocelli in a triangle, the hinder sepa- 
rated from each other by a slightly less distance than they are from 
the eyes. Metanotum with a broad furrow extending from the base 
to the apex. Abdominal petiole slender, nodose at apex, longer than 
the thorax and as long as the rest of the abdomen. 

The eyes reach to the base of the mandibles. On the outer lower 
edge of the cheeks is a stout, longer than wide, rounded at the apex, 
tooth. Apex of tarsi thickened. Appendicular cellule large, clearly 

2B 2 


284 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


defined; the apical abscissa of the radius has only a slight slope. 
There is a short broad deep furrow on the base of mesonotum in the 
centre. @. Length 5 mm. 


Kuching, September (Mr. John Hewitt). 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PLUME-MOTH FROM 
CEYLON. 


By T. Barnspriccr Fuetcuer, R.N., F.E.S. 


Alucita melanopoda, sp. nov. 


Male, 28 mm. Head, antenne, palpi, thorax, and abdomen pure 
glistening white. First and second pairs of legs white above. with a 
few dark scales below on tibia and first joint of tarsus ; posterior legs 
very long, pure white, tips of spurs black, third and fourth joints of 
tarsi terminating in a large fan-like tuft of black scales, fifth tarsal 
joint clothed in black scales. Fore wings cleft from one-quarter ; 
segments linear ; pure glistening white, sprinkled with very minute 
black scales; small clusters of black scales, forming dots, on costa at 
one-third, one-half, and three-quarters, and on second segment a little 
beyond middle and at three-quarters. Cilia white, with very pale 
fuscous patches below first segment before middle, at three-quarters, 
and irregularly between this latter and apex; also on inner margin at 
one-third, one-half, and three-quarters. Hind wings cleft firstly from 
about one-sixth, secondly from near base; segments linear ; pure 
glistening white; a patch of faint fuscous on costa of first segment at 
three-quarters, and also on inner margin of second segment at three- 
quarters and at one-half; on second segment a moderate patch of 


black scales at one-half, and small black dots at three-quarters and 
at apex. 


Hab. Ceylon: Madulsima, November, 1906 (W. Vaughan) ; 
Kandy, May, 1907 ; Haragam, June, 1907 (E. E. Green). Assam: 
Khasi Hills (coll. Meyrick). 


H.M.S. ‘ Sealark,’ Ceylon: October 18th, 1907. 


THREE NEW BEES FROM THE ORIENTAL 
ZOOLOGICAL REGION. 


By P. Cameron. 


I Nomia nurset, Sp. NOV. 

Black; the scape yellow, the flagellum brownish beneath; the 
legs bright yellow; the cox, trochanters and base of the femora, 
black; the face and clypeus covered with pale golden pubescence ; the 
apices of the basal five segments of the abdomen banded with depressed 


NEW BEES FROM THE ORIENTAL ZOOLOGICAL REGION. 285 


grey pubescence; the hinder femora broadly rounded above, transverse 
below and with a sharp oblique tooth near the base of the apical third; 
the hinder tibize become gradually dilated from the base to the apex. 3. 
Length, 8 mm. 


Deesa (Col. C. G. Nurse). 


Scape bright yellow, marked above with black towards the apex ; 
the flagellum fulvous, lined with black above. The face, clypeus and 
lower part of the front densely covered with pale golden pubescence, 
which hides the sculpture; the front is closely, almost rugosely, 
punctured and covered with dark fulvous pubescence above; the vertex 
is more strongly, but not so closely or regularly, punctured; there is a 
smooth space on the outer side of the hinder ocelli. Mandibles black, 
shining, more or less piceous-red below and at the apex. The base 
of the mesonotum, its apex, the post-scutellum, and the pleure are 
densely covered with pale fulvous pubescence. The mesonotum and 
scutellum are closely, strongly, and uniformly punctured. The area 
on the median segment is closely obliquely striated on the sides; the 
centre is more irregularly and more widely striated; the middle pair 
of strie are widely separated; the rest of the segment is closely and 
rather strongly punctured laterally; the centre is irregularly rugose, 
and is hollowed in the middle; it has a vertical slope. The basal four 
joints of the front tarsi are fringed with long clear white hair, the 
hair becoming gradually shorter; the black on the base of the femora 
is more extended above; the tooth on the hinder femora is oblique; 
the hinder tibie are slightly dilated at the base before the middle; the 
apical projection is large, and becomes gradually narrowed towards the 
apex, which is bluntly rounded. Wings hyaline, the apex slightly 
smoky; the stigma and costa are dark testaceous ; the nervures paler 
in tint. Tegule dirty yellowish-testaceous, black on the inner side. 
Abdomen black, with distinct bands of depressed greyish pubescence 
on the apiccs of the basal five segments; the basal three segments are 
strongly and closely punctured; the apical are closely and rather 
finely rugosely punctured; the sixth segment has the apical half 
covered with longish pale fulvous pubescence; the last is thickly 
covered with long pale golden hair. The basal segment is roundly 
incised in the middle; the last is densely covered with longish pale 
fulvous hair. 


Comes near to N. fervida, Sm., but may be known from it by 
the different shape of the hinder legs. In fervida, for instance, 
the hinder tibie are broadly dilated in the middle behind, and 
end in a long sharp point; the base of the femora below is 
turned upwards, in the present species downwards, there being 
a gradually rounded curve from the base to the tooth. 


JColletes nursei, sp. nov. 


Black ; the head and thorax thickiy covered with white hair; the 
abdominal sesments broadly banded with white pubescence on their 
apices; the apices of the femora, the tibie, and the tarsi dark ferru- 
ginous, and covered with pale fulvous hair; the wings hyaline, with 


286 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


a faint fulvous tinge; the stigma and nervures dark rufous. ?. 
Length, 14-15 mm. | 


Ferozepore (Col. C. G. Nurse). 


Clypeus shining, almost bare, distinctly irregularly punctured; the 
punctures on the lower side more elongate and larger than on the 
upper; in the middle, commencing near the top, is a wide, shallow, 
irregular, longitudinal furrow; the apex projects, and is depressed 
above the projecting part. The labrum is large and projecting ; there 
is a wide and deep furrow on either side; and in the centre, on the 
apical two-thirds, is a deep furrow with oblique sides, which make the 
furrow much wider on the top. Apex of mandibles piceous. The 
vertex is closely, uniformly punctured; the front is much more strongly 
punctured, but not quite so closely ; its upper half is deeply furrowed. 
Thorax entirely and thickly covered with white hair; the mesonotum 
is shining and is rather strongly, but not very closely, punctured. 
The basal are of the median segment bear stout longitudinal keels ; 
its apex is bounded by a stout keel, so that there is formed a row of 
squarish are; the apex of the segment has a vertical slope. The hair 
on the legs is long and glistening; that on the outer side is brighter 
and more silvery in tint than on the inner side. The amount of red 
on the legs probably varies, and is almost hid by the black hair. 
Abdomen black; the apices of the segments obscure piceous, and 
thickly covered with a broad band of white pubescence; the base of 
the basal segment is broadly covered with white pubescence; the last 
segment is thickly covered above with long black, stiff pubescence ; 
the basal segments are narrowly banded with white pubescence. 


“Megachile confluenta, sp. nov. 


Black ; the hair on the head, thorax, and legs white, tinged with 
grey; the ventral scape bright red; that on the under side of the tarsi 
oi a paler red; wings hyaline, tinged with violaceous, especially 
towards the apex; the nervures black. Mandibles with a broad, 
shallow, rounded, curved incision beyond the middle, without distinct 
teeth; the apex bluntly rounded. ¢. Length, 8-9 mm. 


Luirdu, Sarawak, Borneo; June. 


Clypeus closely, somewhat strongly punctured throughout; the 
apex transverse, except at the outer edges, which are roundly curved. 
Face more closely and much less strongly punctured, except on a small 
semicircular space on the centre of the apex; the sides of the clypeus 
with dense long white pubescence, the centre much less thickly haired. 
The puncturation is close, distinct, less strong on the metanotum than 
elsewhere. Back of abdomen finely, closely, less strongly punctured 
than the thorax. The hinder ocelli are separated from each other by 
about the same distance as they are from the eyes. 


Characteristic of this species are the mandibles, which 
become gradually narrowed to a bluntly rounded point without 


teeth, not broad and oblique there as in, e.g. M. alticola and 
M. mera. 


ON THE BORNEAN TIPHIIDA. 287 


A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON THE FOOD OF 
MIRIDA. (HemipreEra). 


By G. W. KirxKaupy. 


In the ‘Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine’ for May, 1908,* 
Dr. Reuter summarizes the literature on predaceous Miride, 
showing clearly, what was indeed well known to hemipterists 
previously, that the Miride are by no means exclusively phyto- 
phagous. 

The following references, some overlooked by Dr. Reuter, 
others of later date than his communication, may be useful :— 

1. Cavprxt, 1901, Proc. E. S. Washington, iv. 485. Plagio- 
gnathus obscurus biting human being. 

2. KersHaw, 1905, Trans. E. 8. London, 7. Capsid (?) 
sucking lepidopterous pupa. 

3. Merririetp, 1907, Proc. E. S. London (for 1906), p. xc. 
Heterotoma merioptera destroying eggs of Papilio. 

4, Nowrcx1, 1871, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. Beih. 52. 
Miris dolabratus said to attack the dipteron Chlorops teniopa. 

5. VerHorrr, 1891, Ent. Nachr. xvii. 26. Dereocoris ruber 
(Capsus capillaris) preying on Aphide. 


ON THE BORNEAN TIPHIIDM, INCLUDING A NEW 
GENUS. 


By P. CamERon. 


CYANOTIPHIA, gen. nov. 

@. Middle tibie with two spurs. Marginal cell half closed at 
apex. First transverse cubitus entirely absent; transverse median 
nervure interstitial; transverse median in hind wings angled and 
broken in the middle. Tegule large, about half the length of the pro- 
and mesonotum. Base and apex of thorax transverse; the top of 
metanotum keeled at apex, and bearing longitudinal keels. Base of 
first abdominal segment transverse, strongly keeled above ; the second 
segment with a crenulated furrow at the base. Hind tibie stoutly 
serrate ; claws bifid unequally; hind femora dilated roundly below at 
the apex. Base of second abdominal segment largely produced below 
the apex of first. Mandibles edentate, large, furrowed in the middle. 
Body for the greater part blue. 


May be known from the described Old World genera, e.g. 
Tiphia, by the middle tibia having two spurs, by the abnormally 
large tegule, by the almost closed radial cellule in female, and 


* «The Food of Capsids,’ pp. 121-3. 


288 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


by the broad keeled base of abdomen. Its nearest ally appears 
to be the American Paratiphia, which may be known from it by 
the radial cellule in the female being entirely open at apex, by 
the first transverse cubital nervure being only obliterated below, 
by the broad temples, and by the bidentate mandibles. The 
blue coloration of Cyanotiphia is peculiar, and has not been 
recorded before with the Tiphids. 


Cyanotiphia ruficauda, sp. nov. 


Black, tinged with blue; the basal five abdominal segments blue, 
the apical red; legs black, densely covered with long white hair, the 
four anterior calcaria white, the posterior fulvous, the hind tibize with 
six stout spines, which become gradually longer and thinner, the 
apical being considerably longer and thinner than the others. In the 
centre of metanotum are two straight keels, which converge slightly 
towards the apex, between them is a more irregular one which does 
not reach to the apex; on either side are two slightly curved keels, 
united at the base, the inner of which does not quite reach to the 
apex; the space between these keels is irregularly transversely striated. 
Metapleuree smooth at the base, the rest somewhat strongly, closely, 
obliquely striated, the two parts being separated by a furrow. Head, 
pro- and mesonotum strongly punctured, the punctures clearly separ- 
ated, the propleure strongly, closely, irregularly striated, the meso- 
pleuree closely rugosely reticulated. Basal slope and a narrow band 
on the apex of first abdominal segment smooth, the rest closely dis- 
tinctly punctured. @. 

The body is much less densely pilose than in Paratiphia; the 
abdominal segments, too, not being fringed with hair. Length, 
S mm. 


Quop, Sarawak; October (John Hewitt, of the Sarawak 
Museum). 

Tiphia borneana, sp. nov. 

Black, shining, sparsely covered with whitish pubescence; the 
four anterior tibie and tarsi testaceous, the anterior paler than the - 
middle; palpi pale testaceous, tegule testaceous, wings hyaline, the 
nervures and stigma black. Flagellum of antenne fuscous. 3. 
Length, 5 mm. 


Quop, Sarawak ; October (John Hewitt). 


Front strongly punctured, the vertex punctured on the sides and 
centre. ace aciculated, the clypeus punctured, its centre with an 
incision, which becomes gradually widened. Mandibles ferruginous at 
the apex. Basal half of pronotum sparsely weakly punctured, the 
meso- and scutellum sparsely but distinctly punctured; the post- 
scutellum smooth. Metanotum with a strong lateral and a weak 
central keel, the space between strongly aciculated. Upper half of 
metapleure widely, not very strongly striated, the basal lower half 
aciculated, the apical weakly striated. Basal two abdominal segments 
glabrous, the others covered with pale pubescence; pygidium closely 
punctured, reddish at the apex. First abscissa of radius roundly 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 289 


curved, nearly as long as the others, which are of equal length, 
oblique, the apical slightly curved at the apex; the second cubital 
cellule more than twice the width of the base at the apex, the 
recurrent nervure received near its apex. Temples short, obliquely 
roundly narrowed. 


The known Bornean: species of Tiphia should be known 
thus :— 


1 (2) Wings fuscous violaceous; length,15 mm. . fumipennis, Sm. 
2 (8) Wings yellowish; the nervures and stigma 

testaceous ; length, 10 mm. ‘ A . flavipennis, Sm. 
3 (2) Wings for the greater part hyaline. 
4 (5) Length, 5-6 mm.; the nervures and stigma 

black; the four anterior tibize and tarsi tes- 

taceous; the abdominal pile pale . . borneana. 
5 (4) Length, 10 mm.; the nervures pale testaceous ; 

the legs black ; the abdominal pile blackish. stéyma, Sm. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 


Dunron’s Parent Burrerrty Tasietrs.—We have received a sample 
of these tablets. The butterfly in it is a specimen of Cethosia cyane, 
from Assam. It is mounted in its air-tight case, to show the under 
side. Whilst speculating as to the practical use specimens treated in 
this way could be to the entomologist, the thought occurred that it 
might be a good plan to have a few of such tablets by one. Non- 
entomological friends often wish to make closer examination of speci- 
mens than it would be prudently admissible for them to do in the 
ordinary way, but enclosed in these cases the most fragile insect might 
be safely handled by the uninitiated. 


Some MrasureMENts oF SyMPETRUM scoticum.—A series of the 
small black dragonfly, S. scoticum, obtained by us at the Black Pond, 
Surrey, on 20th September last, include two or three particularly small 
males. The smallest of them measures only 27:5 mm. in length and 
42 mm. across the hind wings. This specimen affords an interesting 
contrast with a large male taken at the same place on 8rd September, 
1906, the length of which is 83°5 mm. and the expanse 52 mm. 
F. W. & H. Campion; 38, Maude Terrace, Walthamstow, November 
6th, 1907. 


Foop-puants oF OporaBiA auTuMNaTA. — With reference to Mr. 
Harrison’s interesting note (antea, p. 255), I may add that in my paper 
on ‘The Life History of Oporabia autumnata” (Trans. City Lond. 
Ent. Soc. ix. 42-52), I recorded as food-plants, fir (Doubleday, teste 
Guenée), and larch (Piingeler, in Jitt.), besides birch, alder, oak, sallow, 
aspen. Hvidently, although having certain definite preferences, it can 
accommodate itself to almost anything, for in the same place I quote 
a record from Sparre Schneider to that effect; and in Part x. of the 
same Society’s Transactions (p. 18), I record breeding a series from 


2.90 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


larve found at Pontresina, by Dr. Chapman, on honeysuckle, alder, 
&e. Both Mr. Allen and myself have successfully reared it on haw- 
thorn. Surely there is one slip in Mr. Harrison’s note which needs 
corecting. He speaks of purple as ‘very often”’ appearing ‘‘in the 
larve of both O. dilutata and O. autwmnata.”’ According to Guenée, 
and to Mr. Allen’s very wide experience (Ent. Rec. xvii. 889) and my 
own not inconsiderable, the larva of O. autwmnata is never so adorned, 
The interesting new phase of coloration observed by Mr. Harrison is, 
as I understand him, something quite different.—Lovuis B. Prout; 
246, Richmond Road, N.E., November 1st, 1907. 


THEcLA PRUNI AB. —It may be of interest to record a curious 
aberration of 7. prunt bred from a larva which I obtained in Hunting- 
donshire this year. The under side has, in place of the usual broken 
bluish white line, a complete series of pale blue bands joining the black 
spots on the inside of the orange band on the hind wings, and merging 
into the brown colour on the fore wings. These bands fill the space 
between the nervures with blue for about one-eighth of an inch on all 
the wings. The upper side is normal, except that the general colour 
is rather dingy for a bred specimen.—C. N. Hucues; Knightstone, 
Cobham, Surrey. 


MacroGLossa STELLATARUM FLYING ON SHIPBOARD FROM GIBRALTAR 
to Surz.—I noticed a specimen of M. stellatarwm flying around the 
ship just before getting to Gibraltar on October 1st. In the evening 
it settled in the dining saloon. I was going to secure it, when I 
noticed it had a snipped wing and so left it alone. The next day I saw 
the same specimen again, but what was my surprise after leaving 
Marseilles, where we had stayed a day and a-half, still to see the same 
insect, after which, with the assistance of Miss Fountaine, we kept a 
good look-out for it. Next we called at Naples and Port Said, but it 
was still with us. However, on the night of October 12th, after 
passing through the Suez Canal, Miss Fountaine informed me that it 
had met with an untimely death at the hands, or rather feet, of one 
of the stewards, after which we saw no more M. stellatarum up to the 
time of my leaving the boat at Aden.—W. Fraruer; care of British 
Somaliland Fibre and Development Company, Berbera, Somaliland, 
Africa. 


To prevent Mounp 1n Revaxine-soxes.—One day this summer, a 
bottle in which I kept oxalic acid having got shaken in travelling, | 
stood it in the somewhat mouldy lid of a relaxing-box while I killed 
some insects. I noticed next day that the mould had been removed 
by the oxalic incrustation on the bottle. Since then I have put a 
little oxalic into the silver sand into which I dump my killed insects 
till I have leisure to set them, so far as 1 know, with none but good 
results. Ido not see that the oxalic, thus used, can damage the pins, 
since pricking the insect with it apparently has no such effect. Perhaps 
some entomologist with a knowledge of chemistry will tell us; the 
matter would seem to be of some interest, for a good method of pre- 
venting mould does not appear to be generally known.—H. V. Puvum ; 
Lower School, The College, Epsom, November 14th, 1907. 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 291 


Pyrauis LienigiaLis, Z., NEAR Oxrorp.— When writing my note 
headed ‘‘ Re-occurrence in Britain of Pyralis lienigialis, Z.” (antea, 
p. 285), I had completely forgotten that an individual of this rare 
species had been recorded, in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, xill., 273 (1902), 
as captured near Oxford on August 22nd, 1902, and exhibited by Mr. 
South at a meeting of the South London Entomological Society held 
on October 9th of that year. I have just come across my manuscript 
note, made in 1902, giving the reference to this record which shows 
that the insect has occurred in one English county besides Bucks. It 
is regrettable that the name of the captor is omitted, and especially 
so that the precise county in which the moth was taken is not 
specified, for ‘near Oxford” might refer equally well to part either of 
Berkshire or of Oxfordshire.—HKusrace R. Banxes; Norden, Corfe 
Castle, November 17th, 1907. 


Nore on toe Name or a Crcapa.—The Central American species 
which Distant (Cat. Cicadide, p. 121) calls Herrera marginella is based 
on Cicada marginella, Walker, 1858; but it is not the Cicada marginella, 
Fab., Syst. Rhyng., p.96. The synonym Carineta ancilla, Stal, 1864, 
is available, the species becoming Herrera ancilla.—T. D, A. CockERELL. 


OPHIUSA LIANARDI AND Its Varreties.—I think that a few remarks 
upon this extraordinary moth will be of some interest, especially, 
perhaps, to those who are acquainted with the species, and I shall be 
very glad to receive further notes from collectors or rearers of the 
moth. In Natal O. lianardi occurs usually about once in every three 
years, and then it simply swarms. What becomes of it in the 
interval has so far not been satisfactorily ascertained. It has been 
suggested that the larve feed upon the flowers of a very common plant 
here called the buckweed, which only flowers every third year; but 
although I have very carefully looked for the larvee upon the flowers of 
this plant, I have never found it thereon. I feel certain that the 
buckweed is not the food-plant. The few larve I have found were 
feeding upon the suckers growing on a tree that the hawk-moth, 
Baniana postica, feeds upon. Iam unable to give the scientific name 
of this tree, as I believe that it has not yet been named. I am of 
opinion that O. lianardi is migratory, visiting us either from Portu- 
guese Africa or Rhodesia, as in both places the moth occurs. It is 
chiefly remarkable from the fact that it flies commonly by day, and for 
the number of forms that it assumes. In a collection that I have 
before me there are fifty-seven specimens, all of which are different, 
and in at least twenty instances the difference is so great that almost 
anyone would think they belonged to some other species of Ophiusa. 
As a rule, however, the markings on the hind wings are constant, but 
in some instances the white markings are absent from them. In 
1905 this moth was so common here as to be a nuisance, and from any 
grass at the sides of the roads in the town they flew up in numbers 
when disturbed. There must have been hundreds of thousands of 
them in Durban and its suburbs alone. I hear that the moth was just 
as common at Pietermaritzburg and all along the south coast as far as 
Park Rynnie, a distance of forty miles; a few, I am told, turned up in 
1906, but the moth has not been seen since up to the end of August, 


292, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


1907, and as the buckweed has been in flower this winter, it cannot be 
the food-plant, or lianardi would have turned up by now, as all the 
other Ophiusa species have been about for the last six weeks. It was 
common in 1902 and 1905, as previously mentioned, and I feel certain 
it will turn up again in 1908. I have had as many as thirty pupe of 
the moth at one time, and all not ichneumoned have emerged within a 
month, so the moth, I think, cannot go over in the pupal state. 
There are several species that do go over from one year to the other 
in the pupal state, but they are chiefly Saturnids and Lasiocampide. 
Two Sphingide remain under the ground in the larval state for about 
eight months, whilst other larve of the same moths change at once 
into pupex ; these are Andriasa mutata and Nephele argentifera. Ihave 
also had DapAnis nerti remain for over six months in the pupal state, 
but this is very unusual, as the larve pupate upon the surface of the 
ground or in the dead leaves.—F. T. Leiau ; Durban, Natal, August 
31st, 1907. 


Cotias EDusA In 1907.—Has Coltas edusa really been so ‘‘ unusually 
searce this season” as Mr. Edward Goodwin’s note (antea, p. 257) 
appears to suggest ? The only likely opportunity that I had of making 
its acquaintance was while spending a portion of the month of Sep- 
tember on the South Coast, and what I learned regarding the species 
during the earlier part of that time led me to think that, although it 
could hardly be regarded as common, it was far from being rare. ‘I'he 
first I heard of it was a report by a friend, who had preceded me 
by a few days, that he had seen one flying over the downs below 
Beachy Head, on the 8rd of the month, and that two others had been 
noted at the mouth of the Cuckmere river at about the same date. On 
the 8th I captured one, and my brother another, in the same place as 
the first-mentioned specimen; on the 9th one was seen about a mile 
inland; on the 11th another, on the downs below Beachy Head; and, 
finally, 1 captured another, on the lower part of Seaford Head, on the 
14th, thus accounting for eight specimens in all during possibly two or 
three hours’ ramble on each of some twelve days. From what I was 
able to see of the individuals noted, I am inclined to regard them as 
probably being immigrants; this is, however, merely a matter of 
opinion, and it would be of interest to know whether other parts of 
the South Coast were similarly affected, or, indeed, whether the species 
has been noted in other places.x—Rosert Apxin; Lewisham, Novem- 
ber, 1907. 


Tur Foop-ptants or PyrameErs carput.—Of the adaptive habit of 
the larve of Pyrameis cardui, an interesting example was presented 
this year in the village of Binn, Valais. ‘The ova of a brood evidently 
had been laid upon some nettles growing sparsely by the side of a 
chalet. These had all been consumed to the ground, or otherwise 
destroyed, before the larve were half-fed, and they had betaken them- 
selves en masse to the only other weed in the immediate neighbourhood, 
which happened to be a Chenopodium—a plant that I have not seen 
recorded as food for the species, though Mr. Buckler reared it success- 
fully on Mailva sylvestris, and Mr. W. H. 8. Fletcher found it on 
Echium vulgare (Buckler’s ‘Larve of the British Butterflies, &c.,’ 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 298 


vol. i. pp. 174-175); while Riihl gives, in addition to thistle, nettle, 
and milfoil, Lappa officinalis (burdock), Gnaphalium and Parietaria, 
Filago arvensis, Nonnea pulla, and, in the Lybian Desert, a kind of 
Silybum. M. André, in his recently published ‘ Catalogue of Butter- 
flies of the Department of Sadne-et-Loire,’ mentions Helichrysum 
arenarium; M. Guenée cites Hryngium (‘ Lepid. of Kure-et-Loir ’) ; 
M. Frionnet (Haute-Marne), artichoke. For Scandinavia, Professor 
C. Aurivillius gives mallow, and ‘several other plants’”’ (names not 
given), besides nettles and thistles of various species.—H. Rownanp- 
Brown; Harrow Weald, October 19th, 1907. 


On tue Discovery or THE Larva or TricHopritus pALUDUM, Zell.— 
Reading the Rev. Pickard-Cambridge’s note on the discovery of the 
food-plant of JT. paludum in the August number of the ‘ Entomo- 
logist,’ I see he states that larve were found in the Hsher district 
by Dr. Chapman through a clue given by Mr. Eustace Bankes, 
that Drossera was the food-plant of this insect. I should like, 
however, to state that I captured a specimen of 7’. paludum in the 
Hsher district on August 27th, 1904, which I believe is the first record 
for Surrey, as stated in the November number of the ‘ Entomologist ’ for 
that year. I may suggest that it was by reason of this capture that 
Dr. Chapman and Mr. South visited the spot on the 31st May, 1905, 
and obtained larve there.—Arruur J. Scouuick ; 8, Mayfield Road, 
Wimbledon, S.W., November, 1907. 


Tut Lepiporrera or GriprauTar.—Re Mr. Rowland-Brown’s note 
on my list of the Lepidoptera of the Straits, I find that I have made 
no mistake about the months. I cannot account for the difference 
between my dates and those of other observers unless atmospheric 
conditions which, according to the Spaniards, had greatly affected the 
vegetation, had also affected the insects. But as this, to me, seems 
hardly probable, I think that on a fuller examination the insects I men- 
tion will be found there, on orabout the dates on which I found them. As 
to the names, all my specimens were identified by comparison with 
others, and I think are all correct, but I should be very pleased to send 
Mr. Rowland-Brown any which he would care to verify. I might here 
state that a great many of my observations were made, I believe, much 
further afield than those of Commander Walker and most other 
English entomologists, notably at Gaucin and Benaocaz.—F. W. 
Sowersy, R.N.; Navigation School, Portsmouth. 


“Homing” Instincts (?) or Hysernatine Insects.—LKarly in Octo- 
ber, 1907, I found, in a room which I use as a lumber-room, a 
specimen of Gonoptera libatrix. This room is an attic, and has a 
window (kept open) opening on to one of the sloping sides of the roof. 
In it I keep empty boxes, picture cases, &c., and also my boxes con- 
taining larve and chrysalids. Wishing to observe the movements, if 
any, of hybernating moths, I put the G. libatrix into a gauze-covered 
box. Shortly afterwards I received definite orders to move to Alder- 
shot on a certain date. Not wishing to take the moth with me, I 
waited until there came a warm moist evening, when I took it down 
stairs (two flights) and turned it out into my garden, which is on the 
opposite side of the house to the attic window. Some ten days after 


294 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


turning the moth outside I began turning over my picture-boxes, pre- 
paratory to packing up, when, to my astonishment, there on a lid of 
a case which had been resting against the attic wall was the libatrix, 
back again! There was not the slightest doubt about its being the 
same moth. It was a perfect specimen, very clearly marked, only it 
had a large peculiarly shaped chip out of its left upper wing, which I 
had noticed when I first took the moth, and which I have seen almost 
daily for a fortnight, as I used to look at the moth in the evenings to 
see if moved according to the weather. I again put the moth outside, 
this time through the attic window. About a week after doing so I 
took all my picture-boxes out of the attic. On taking off the loose 
lid of the box where the moth had been, I discovered the same moth 
again, sitting on the same lid! I must explain that the lids and 
boxes were not attached, but were all placed in a pile resting against 
the wall, so there was plenty of room for the moth to creep inside the 
box on to the lid. This particular box, that the moth had twice 
selected, was of walnut-wood; the others were of deal. The insect 
might certainly have easily selected the same box twice, once it had 
entered the room, but how did it manage to find its way from the 
garden to the attic window round the other side of the house the first 
time I turned it out? There can be no question about its having been 
the same moth each time from the peculiar mark I have mentioned. 
At Camberley, about three years ago, I noticed somewhat the same 
thing. A specimen of Gonepterya rhamni hybernated on the upper 
side of a leaf of a thick laurel-bush in my garden. ‘The insect was 
not snowed on, as upper leaves protected it, but it certainly must have 
been frozen several times. It was quite visible to anybody standing 
near the bush, and who knew where to look for it. One day early in 
spring, when it was bright and sunny, my wife and I were in the 
garden near the bush, when the butterfly started off and flew about 
the garden. It then disappeared over a hedge. I saw it fly back and 
up and down several times in our garden. I then went away, and on 
returning about 4 p.m., on passing the laurel-bush, there was the 
insect back again, within six inches of its original resting-place! 
There it remained until spring really came, when it finally flew away. 
Of course I cannot vouch in this case that it was the identical butter- 
fly, as there were no special marks on it, but the facts of the case all 
go to show that it was the same one.—(Capt.) B. Tunnocy; K. O. 
Yorkshire L. I., November 20th, 1907. 


Tue Raynor Cotrection or British Leprpoprera.—From marked 
catalogues kindly lent by Mr. A. J. Scollick we are enabled to note some 
of the prices realized at the distribution of this collection, which was 
exceedingly rich in varjeties of Abraxas grossulariata and a few other 
species. 

First day's sale (October 22nd) :—Sesia culiciformis, a specimen 
with extra orange band at base of the body (‘ var. or n. sp. ?’’), sold 
for 50/—. A lot of nine specimens each of H. jacobee and C. dominula, 
one of the former a variety with costal streak and apical spot united, 
brought in 82/6. Four nice varieties of P. plantaginis made 20/-, and 
a specimen of A. villica with dusky hind wings went for 26/-. Another 
example of A. villica with a large cream-coloured blotch covering apical 


NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 295 


third of fore wings realized 27/6. Four unusually dark varieties of 
A. caia, sold in couples, made 22/- and 24/-. Of Spilosoma lubrici- 
peda, *‘a remarkable fine rayed var. near deschangei,’’ commanded 
three guineas, whilst a rather smaller and darker specimen only 
fetched 22/—; a fine example of var. zatima made 40/-, and one of var. 
deschanget, ‘‘ entirely black, except thorax,’ 35/-. A pair of Lelia 
cenosa found a purchaser at 35/-, and a specimen of Leucodonta 
bicoloria, taken by Bouchard at Killarney, induced bidding up to 
£4 10s. Two specimens, male and female, of D. sicu’/a produced 25/-. 
For some female varieties in a lot of ten specimens of 4. prunaria 
there was competition, and these ultimately fell to the buyer of 
Bouchard’s bicoloria, for £3 5s. A dark male of the same species, and 
a female with the outer half of the fore wings orange, brought in 32/6. 
A light orange female with the base of the fore wings and the anal 
angle of the hind wings slightly fuscous realized £2 5s.; an almost 
unicolorous brown male specimen made £3 1ds.; two pairs of very 
large speckled varieties made three guineas per pair. 

Of Abraaas grossulariata var. lutea, four specimens sold for from 
28/— to 55/-, the total realized for the four being £8. Twenty other 
modifications of the same form made an average of about 5/6 each. 
One female specimen of ab. nigrolutea fetched 95/-, and another £6 10s. 
Three male examples of var. fu/vapicata made 30/-, 32/6, and 60/— 
apiece; two females of the same, 21/— and 24/-, and five others from 
7/— to 12/- each. Other tall prices for varieties of d. grossulariata 
were: a specimen of ab. albomarginata, 65/—; two of ab. subviolacea, 
50/— and 55/—; a female of ab. lactea sparsa, 110/—; one of ab. hazelet- 
ensis, 40/—; three examples of ab. nigrosparsata, 45/-, 60/-, and 115/-. 
Some very nice examples of the niyrosparsata and other forms sold at 
more ordinary prices—from 5/-. to 10/-. Cidaria picata var. lacteo- 
marginata made 20/-. Among the Strenia clathrata were several dark 
and other interesting aberrations. Hight of the most fancied of these 
realized £13 16s. 6d., the prices ranging from 20/— to 57/6 each. 
Some of the less conspicuous but still desirable aberrations went for 
about a shilling apiece. 

The following were the more striking items in the second day’s 
sale (November 5th) :—Leucania flavicolor, 5/- and 5/6 each; var. 
rufa, 6/6, 7/-, and 9/— each; var. obscura, 16/—. Two bred specimens 
of L. vitellina realized 26/-. Three examples of Caradrina exigua 
made 18/-, and the same price was given for each of two specimens of 
C. werampelina var. unicolor. Of Cucullia gnaphalii there were six 
specimens, and these brought in a total of £3 7s. Six Plusia orichalcea 
sold for 12/-, and two specimens of P. bractea for the same amount. 
A nice little collection of Deltoids and Pyralide, offered in six lots, 
and comprising well over seven hundred specimens, only produced 
33/-, whereas sixteen Stenoptilia graphodactyla (a recently discovered 
plume-moth) made 48/-. Seventy-six varieties of Abraxas grossulariata 
realized the large total of something over £100. The highest prices 
obtained being var. chalcozona, £4 10s.; var. lacticolor, £5 15s. and £4; 
var. chalcobares, £6; and var. melanozona, £6 10s. 


296 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 


Norres on Nyssia Lapponaria.—During the past two seasons I have 
been rather fortunate in finding nice long series of this rather local 
species along the Struan Road on the way to Kinloch. The moths are 
to be found in four different places along the road where bog-myrtle is 
abundant. I have obtained them near Blair Atholl, also about two 
hundred feet above the road on boggy parts of the hills, but I never 
found them away from bog-myrtle, and this would go to prove that 
this plant is the usual food of the larve. Two weeks after I had 
ceased collecting them, a young man in Kinloch started to look for 
them, and he had got a fair lot. He did not say what he did with the 
males; but he had a box with about fifty females, which I gave him 
two shillings for. I then put them down on new ground; in fact, if 
this species is not removed away from Struan Road it will be ruined, 
as everyone about the place has come to know of it. A man put a 
box of them into the river at Kinloch, and no doubt the moths will 
be scarce on the Struan Road next year. Fortunately all the spots 
for N. lapponaria in this district are not generally known. If I visit 
the locality next season, I think it would not be wrong of me to take 
all the females I can get on the Struan Road to safer ground, as it 
would be a pity to have this local species destroyed.—L. G. Esson ; 
383, George Street, Aberdeen. 


Lepipoprera on THE KentisH Coast tv 1907.—I made a short 
visit to the Kentish coast in the vicinity of Deal on July 25th last, and 
found Noctue in some numbers at sugar on the sand-hills; this was 
particularly the case with Xylophasia sublustris, of which species I 
counted sixteen on one sugared post, and over one hundred on my 
first round. They were accompanied by Agrotis corticea, Miana literosa, 
X. monoglypha (polyodon), and other common species. At the Hchiwm 
flowers I saw dgrotis vestigialis and tritici, and also secured a nice 
series of NVyctegretes achatinella; the latter sitting quietly on the flowers 
allowed themselves to be boxed without trouble. Lithosia luturella 
(pygm@ola) were flying somewhat freely for them, the evening being 
warm, with only a slight breeze; but having met with this insect in 
plenty in the same locality in 1898, I did not work for them. On the 
following day I explored the sand-hills for a considerable distance, and 
was delighted at meeting with Acidalia ochrata for the first time alive. 
A few were taken, and two worn females deposited ova freely. The 
larvee emerged during the first week in August. I gave them Galiwn 
verum flowers to begin with, and when these could no longer be 
obtained, they took to the flowers of the golden-rod, a plant which 
I had fortunately growing in the garden. A fair number of the 
larvee are alive, and I hope to find them in the same condition after 
hybernation.—G. H. Conquresr; 10, Meteor Road, Westcliff-on-Sea, 
October 29th, 1907. 


ACIDALIA STRIGILARIA AT FoLKEestone.—On July 24th, 1906, I had 
the good fortune to capture in Folkestone Warren a single female 
specimen of Acidalia strigilaria. She laid a few ova, and from these 
I reared nine perfect imagos in July of this year. They were fed 


CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 297 


throughout on Clematis vitalba, and I found them easy to rear. I 
understand this interesting insect is much rarer than formerly in the 
Warren, which is, I believe, its only known locality in the British 
Islands.—G. H. Conqurst ; Westcliff-on-Sea, October 29th, 1907. 


Wye Vauizy Nores. Capture oF XYLINA FURCIFERA (CONFORMIS).— 
Last Easter, having decided to renew my acquaintance with the Wye 
Valley, I travelled to Chepstow on the evening of March 28th, and on 
the following day (Good Friday), there being no trains running on the 
Wye Valley line, walked the eleven miles to my quarters near Bigsweir. 
My chief object in visiting the district was to get some females of 
Vanessa c-album, and in this I was not disappointed. During Friday 
I saw four specimens of the butterfly, and captured one, and in the 
course of the next three days a fair number were seen, and three more 
taken. The species seems to be fairly well distributed up the valley 
from Chepstow to Monmouth. Vanessa urtice was common every- 
where; V. io and Gonepterya rhamni rather less so. Of V. polychloros 
I saw two, both on the Gloucestershire side of the river. Brephos 
parthenias and B. notha were both taken in small numbers by watching 
in open spaces, as they fly low in such situations, and have a some- 
what weak and fluttering flight. 

The weather remained so hot just at this time that Pieris rape 
was seen on March 81st, and several P. napi and Huchivé cardamines 
(males) on the following day. A large number of sallow bushes were 
visited on the three evenings of my stay, but a clear sky and a full 
moon prevented anything like a large bag. The scarcity of insects 
was, however, more than made up for by the capture of a male Xylina 
furcifera (conformis) on the 81st, which for a spring specimen is in 
very good condition. The identification of the specimen has been 
kindly confirmed by Dr. T. A. Chapman. A fine male Pachnobia 
leucographa was also taken on the same evening. Other species 
noticed at sallows were: Teniocampa gothica, T’, incerta, T’.. stabilis, 
T. pulverulenta, Cerastis vaccinii, Scopelosoma satellitia, and Hybernia 
marginaria. 

On my return home I sleeved two of the Vanessa c-album on a 
currant bush, and put two in a cage with a supply of nettle-leaves. 
One of the former soon died, owing, I think, to one or two cold nights 
experienced just then, so I placed the survivor in the cage with the 
other two. A few ova were laid on April 2nd, and more at intervals 
on sunny days, until there were about one hundred in all. Some of 
these I distributed amongst friends. Of those I kept the first hatched 
on April 25th, and the last on May 28th. By June 8th two larve 
were hanging up, and the first pupated two days later. Thirty-five 
larvee reached the pupal state, and from these I bred thirty-four per- 
fect specimens, the remaining one being slightly crippled. The pupe 
were kept indoors, and the butterflies emerged between June 28rd and 
July 23rd. A small portion were of the var. hutchinsont form, and 
there is a good deal of variation in the under sides. I attempted 
to get a pairing in confinement in a large breeding-cage, but was not 
_ guecessful. 

At Whitsuntide I again went down for a few days (May 17th-20th), 


ENTOM.—DECEMBER, 1907. 2 ¢ 


298 THK ENTOMOLOGIST. 


but was not so fortunate in regard to weather. It was decidedly 
colder, especially at night, than it had been at Easter. By working 
along the railway and river-banks I secured a fair number of Huclidia 
glyphica, and also observed Argynnis euphrosyne, Nisoniades tages, 
Syrichthus malve, Lycana icarus, Huchloé cardamines. A few strongly- 
marked Pieris napi were netted, but were all males. 

By beating and searching, odd specimens of Abrawas ulmata, Venilia 
maculata, Minoa murinata, Melanippe hastata, Ennychia octomaculata, 
and others were taken. After dark I used to tramp the woods with 
an acetylene lamp, but captures were very few and far between, and 
only included such things as Numeria pulveraria, Tephrosia punctu- 
laria, Cidaria suffumata, Epione advenaria, and others not worthy of 
mention.—Puitw J. Barraup; Bushey Heath, Herts, November 9th, 
1907. 


SOCIETIES. 


EntomoxtoaicaL Society or Lonpon. — Wednesday, November 6th, 
1907.—Mr. EK. Saunders, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair.— Mr. 
G. Arnold, University of Liverpool; Mr. H. Frederick D. Bartlett, of 
118, Richmond Park Road, Bournemouth; Mr. John Claude Fortescue 
Fryer, B.A., of The Priory, Chatteris; Mr. C. W. Howard, of the 
Acting Government, Transvaal; Mr. Charles H. Mortimer, of Wig- 
more, Holmwood; Mr. R. F. H. Rosenberg, of 57, Haverstock Hill, 
London, N.W.; Mr. Harold Baker Sly, of Brackley Knoll Road, 
Sidcup, Kent; and Mr. Clement H. Pead, of Johannesburg and 
St. Leonards Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, were elected Fellows of the 
Society.— Mr. A. H. Jones brought for exhibition a specimen of the 
Longicorn beetle, Acanthocinus edilis, L., a common Rannoch species, 
found in Gray’s Inn Road. —Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited male and 
female specimens of a new Pinacopterya, discovered by Mr. 8. A. Neave 
in Northern Rhodesia. The female resembled that of P. rubrobasalis, 
but the male was quite distinct. Both sexes of P. rubrobasalis and the 
female sex of Mr. Neave’s species were mimics of Mylothris agathina.— 
Mr. W. G. Sheldon showed a series of Limenitis popult and ab. tremula 
with intermediate forms taken this year at Laon (Aisne), and a series 
of Chrysophanus hippothoé from the same region, the females displaying 
a wide range of variation for so restricted a locality as that in which 
they were captured.—Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited a fully developed 
example of Mesovelia furcata, M. & R., from Slapton, S. Devon, and 
Thamnotrizon cinereus from Lynmouth, N. Devon. — Mr. A. Harrison 
and Mr. Hugh Main exhibited a case of Aplecta nebulosa, arranged to 
show the great range of variation of this species in Delamere Forest ; 
with series from Epping Forest, North Cornwall, and the New Forest 
for comparison. — Mr. R. 8. Mitford exhibited two male specimens of 
Cryptocephalus bipunctatus, taken by him at Niton in the Isle of Wight 
in July, 1907, Undercliff, observing that the two forms were well- 
known on the Continent, but that neither had been reported in Britain 
before. He also showed Paracymus @neus, Germ., captured on the 
North Essex coast in June, 1898, thus establishing the claim of P. 


SOCIETIES. 299 


eneus to be regarded as a British beetle ; an example of the very rare 
Lathrobium rufipenne, taken by him at Niton, I. W., in July, 1906; 
and a specimen of the rare Ceuthorrhynchus viduatus, taken by him at 
Brading, I. W., in July, 1907; and a specimen of Cis dentatus, taken 
by him at Sandown, I. W., in July, 1906, hitherto unrecorded in 
Britain.—Mr. J. E. Collin communicated a paper ‘‘ On a large series 
of Nycteribiide, parasitic Diptera, from Ceylon.’’—Dr. G. B. Longstaft, 
M.D., then read a paper ‘‘On some Butterflies taken in Jamaica,’’ 
and a paper “On some Butterflies of Tobago,” exhibiting a number 
of examples taken by himself in both localities to illustrate his re- 
marks.—H. Rowxianp-Brown, Hon. Secretary. 


Tur Sours Lonpon Entomoxoeicar anp Natrurat History Socrety.— 
October 10th, 1907.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.8., President, in the chair— 
Dr. Chapman exhibited a specimen of Dasychira pudibunda from the 
Pyrenees, measuring 23 in. in expanse.—Mr. Moore, Hipparchia semele 
showing considerable variation in ground colour on the under sides, 
and a small race of Enodia hyperanthus, both from Dunkirk sand-dunes, 
together with an example of Danais plexippus from Moose Jaw, 
Winnipeg.—Mr. Lueas, the rare fungus, Clavaria inequalis, from 
Oxshott, and the specimens of Hyles euphorbie bred recently from pupe 
found in Kew Gardens.—Mr. Tonge, Ennomos fuscantaria taken by him 
at Redhill on his way to the meeting.—Mr. L. W. Newman (1) a 
series of bred Polia aanthomista var. nigrocincta bred from N. Cornwall 
ova ; (2) ova of Hnnomos fuscantaria and Cirrhedia xerampelina in siti 
on ash twigs; (8) a long series of H. autumnaria, including a number of 
very fine bred dark brown forms.—Mr. Priske, a series of the local 
Necrophorus mortuorum, and an exceptionally large Lucanus cervus.— 
Mr. Adkin, a series of Hyponomeuta cagnagelius reared from an 
Huonymus shrub in his garden, and contributed notes ; he also showed 
ova of Tortrix pronubana.—Dr. Hodgson, a Theretra porcellus, 
brilliantly coloured on the right side ; while the left was only faintly 
coloured, and also a varied series of male and female Polyommatus 
icarus from Kent, Surrey, and Sussex.—Dr. Fremlin, two fine varieties 
of Aglais urtice, of the same race as those previously shown by Mr. 
Newman.—Mr. McArthur, spiders with their snare and prey, mounted 
between two sheets of glass.—Mr. Turner, a series of Colias phicomene 
from the Engadine; and a number of Lepidoptera from Guethery, 
Cauterets and Gavarnie, including some extreme forms of Pararge 
ma@ra.—Messrs West, Tonge, Main, Dennis, and Lucas exhibited 
a considerable number of lantern slides. 

October 24th.—The President in the chair.—Messrs. Harrison 
and Main exhibited a series of Agrotis ashworthii from larve collected in 
North Wales at Haster, including var. virgata.—Mr. Tonge, a series of 
Calocampa vetusta bred from Continental ova, and stereographs of the 
ova of Hnnomos fuscantaria and of Cirrhedia werampelina in siti on 
ash.—Mr. West (Greenwich), the Coleoptera, Apion hookert, A. conjluens, 
and Ceuthorrhynchus rugulosus, all taken near Hrith on chamomile.— 
Mr. Simmons, living larvee of Hupithecia subfulvata.—Mr. Main, ova of 
a ‘* stick’ insect, Bacillus rossi, which resemble a short-stalked seed.— 
Mr. R. Adkin, a bred series of Melanippe galiata from ova obtained at 
HKastbourne, and read notes on the variation shown.—Mr. Turner, 


300 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


leaves of birch showing the web, feeding gallery, and cocoons of the 
Hyponomeutid moth Swammerdammia cesiella var. griseo-capitella, and 
read notes on the larval habits. He also exhibited (1) Melanargia 
galathea, var. lewcomelas from Gavarnie, Pyrenees ; (2) Aricia ayestis var. 
alpina from St. Moritz, Hngadine; (8) Abraxas grossulariata, a form 
with but few traces of yellow, and extended and coalesced black 
markings ; (4) several Polyommatus icarus ab. clara from Effingham ; 
(5) HKupithecia oblongata ab. centralista (?) bred from golden-rod, 
Woolwich ; (6) dwarf Malacosoma castrensis, measuring only 24 mm. 
from Hssex; and (7) Anthrocera filipendule, with the sixth spot much 
reduced in size and brightness and very clearly divided by the dark 
nervure.—Mr. Grosvenor, long series of Polyommatus corydon and P. 
bellargus with much variation; a specimen of the latter species was 
without the usual discoidal spot on the under side.x—Mr. Newman (1) 
long series of Hypsipetes sordidata (elutata) from various localities, 
showing much variation, including fine red forms; (2) another 
gynandromorphous dmorpha populi ; and (3) two more of the abnormal 
race of Ag/ais urtice. He also recorded the occurrence in North Kent 
of black aberrations of Oporabia dilutata and Cheimatobia brumata.— 
Mr. Sich read a paper, ‘‘ Collecting Lepidoptera on the Tannusberg.”’ 
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 


Crry or Lonpon Enromonoeican Society. — October 1st, 1907. — 
Mr. H. M. Edelsten exhibited Lewcania turca, bred from Brentwood 
ova; also ova of Nonagria canne, in siti, on Typha, the female being 
provided with special hooks enabling it to lift the natural folds in the 
cuticle and deposit the ova underneath.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, 
Melitea artemis, showing parallel variation in widely separated districts, 
such as Central Ireland and South Wales, Devon and South Wales, 
&c.; also sketches of Hesperia thawnas observed resting in the sun in 
the position assumed by Vhanaos tages when at rest at night, and 
blooms of the lizard orchis found in Surrey.—Mr. L. W. Newman, a 
very variable series of Vanessa urtice, including specimens with the 
black costal blotches confluent.—Mr. L. B. Prout, Dianthecia luteago 
var. ficklint, bred July 8rd, 1907, from larve found near Bude, end of 
July, 1906, feeding on roots of Silene maritima.—Mr. J. Riches, Agrotis 
puta, from North London, with fore wings suffused with dark brown. 
—Mr. L. A. E. Sabine, Polia nigrocincta, bred from North Cornwall 
larvee reared on apple and sallow. 

October 15th.—Mr. J. A. Clark exhibited Bombyx calluneé male from 
Dulnaith Bridge, with usual pale bands suffused with brown ground- 
colour.—Mr. H. M. Hdelsten, a dark red-brown form of Cenobia rufa 
from Dorset.—Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor, Lycena alexis from Surrey and 
Aberdeen, those from the latter district being the larger, and being 
more intense in colour.—Dr. G. G. C. Hodgson, Lycena alewis taken 
during 1907, showing an unusually large proportion of blue females. 
—Mr. A. W. Mera, Himera pennaria male, Brentwood, 1907, with 
bands on fore wings very close together and only faintly indicated.— 
Mr. L. W. Newman, Hnnomos autumnaria bred from ova laid. by 
typical female paired with melanic male from Dover, a fair number of 
the series being melanic; also a very large Polia xanthomista, bred 
from North Cornwall ova.—Mr. L. B. Prout, Toxocampa cracce from 


SOCIETIES. » 301 


North Cornwall and North Devon, 1907, all being of the grey form, 
and showing no trace of the brownish coloration characteristic of 
specimens taken some years ago in the latter district.—Mr. R. G. 
Todd, a long series of Nonayria arundinis, Wicken, mid-June, 1907, 
Mr. C. J. Willsdon, Leucania vitellina, L. putrescens, and Heliothis 
peltigera, Torquay, 1907; also, on behalf of Mr. E. C. Goulton, a long 
and extraordinarily variable series of Hypstpetes elutata, bred from Surrey 
larve.—S. J. Ben. Hon. Sec. 


Lancasnire anp Cuesutre Ewromonocican Socimry.—The opening 
meeting of the session was held at the Society’s rooms in the Royal 
Institution, Liverpool, on October 21st, Mr. Wm. Mansbridge, Vice- 
President, in the chair.—Mr. A. E. Gibbs, F.L.S., F.E.S., of St. 
Albans, was elected a member of the Society.—This being the annual 
exhibitory meeting, many interesting insects were brought by the 
members.—Mr. B. H. Crabtree had a fine series of the local melanic 
form of Boarmia repandata from Penmaenmawr, the females especially 
showing the white blotches characteristic of this local race; B. gem- 
maria var. perfumaria from Manchester; varieties of Angerona pru- 
naria from Monkswood ; dAplecta nebulosa var. robsont from Delamere 
Forest ; Agrotis ashworthii from Penmaenmawr; and Chariclea umbra 
from Sidmouth.—Mr. Robert Tait, Jun., showed a number of local 
Species, among them being a long series of Agrotis ripe from South 
Wales coast; A. ashworthii, North Wales, a series captured at rest ; 
Hemerophila abruptaria, the chocolate form, from the London district ; 
Lobophora viretata, Anticlea derivata, and Larentia salicata, from Lake 
Side, Westmorland; Dianthecia nana and Eupithecia jasioneata from 
Abersoch.—Dr. William Bell had a drawer of beautifully preserved and 
mounted larvee of Lepidoptera, in which he had been able to preserve 
the green coloration in such species as Saturnia pavonia and Papilio 
machaon, without recourse to artificial aid. Dr. Bell had also been 
able to dry the plants on which the larve were mounted, in their 
natural form and colour. The same member further exhibited a box 
of Wicken insects, which included Spilosoma urtice and an example of 
Tapinostola extrema (concolor) from that district; varieties of Arctia 
caia and a dark specimen of Ennomos ainiaria from Wallasey; and 
Plusia moneta from Surrey.—Mr. F. N. Pierce brought a drawer of 
minor varieties of Abraxas grossulariata from Wallasey. — Mr. Prince 
had a large number of insects representing his season’s work at 
Wallasey and Witherslack, and contributed notes.—Mr. W. Mallinson 
showed a beautiful water-colour drawing of a larva of Deilephila galii, 
one of two found at Wallasey this year.— Mr. H. R. Sweeting 
exhibited Lycena bellargus and var. cerulea from Kastbourne ; L. cory- 
don and var. syngrapha taken by himself in Surrey; a series of Voctua 
castanea and var. neglecta from Delamere; V. glarcosa and N. brunnea 
also from Delamere; Moma orion from the New Forest.—Mr. W. Mans- 
bridge, a long bred series of Boarmia repandata from Delamere ; a bred 
series of Odontopera bidentata from Wakefield, including var. nigra and 
diaphanous specimens; series of Nyssia lapponaria, Anarta melanopa, 
and 4. cordigera, from Rannoch. 

The usual monthly meeting of this Society was held in the Royal 
Institution, Colquit Street, Liverpool, on November 18th, Mr. Wm. 


302 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Mansbridge, F.E.S., vice-President in the chair.—A lecture was 
delivered by Mr. IF. N. Pierce, F.E.S., on ‘*‘ The Androconial scales of 
Butterflies.” He explained that these scales were only found upon the 
males of the various species and were even in that sex uncertain. 
The lecturer instanced the entire absence of this kind of scale in the 
case of the large group of the Lycenide, in such species as had brown 
males. Mr. Pierce described a hitherto unobserved scale which he 
had discovered when examining the male of the brown argus butterfly 
(Lycena agestes) which appeared to be not only confined to the ‘ blues”’ 
but to a very small patch, consisting of a few of these new scales, on 
the under side of the fore-wings, at the extreme base of the inner 
margin. He also enumerated some of the theories put forward from 
time to time as to the utility of these androconials. The lecture was 
fully illustrated with micro photos of the actual scales, shown through 
the lantern. This very entertaining lecture was followed by a lengthy 
discussion, in which most of the members present took part. The 
following members exhibited Lepidoptera.—Mr. IF. N. Pierce, specimens 
of the British Lycenide in illustration of his paper.—Mr. Wm. 
Mansbridge, a short series of Pygera curtula from Ireland, one 
specimen showing failure of the brown scales at the tips of the 
fore-wings.—Mr. H. R. Sweeting bred series of the following from 
Delamere :—Geometra papilionaria and Ellopia prosapiaria ; the latter 
showing the dusty greyish suffusion characteristic of the locality.— 
Dr. J. Cotton exhibited a lantern slide of several British Rhopalocera 
photographed by Lumiére’s recently perfected process—H. R. SweErtine 
and Wm. Manssriper, Hon. Secs. 


BrrauincHam EntromouoeicaL Society.— October 21st, 1907.—Mr. 
G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the chair. — Arrochar Lepido- 
ptera: Rev. C. F. Thornewell showed various Lepidoptera collected at 
Arrochar this year, including Larentia tristata, L., two specimens of a 
nice form, with cream-coloured ground and coffee-coloured markings. 
He said that in daylight the markings had quite a golden tinge. The 
extent of the markings was normal, excepting that the central band 
was restricted ; there were also L. adequata Blech. (blandiata, Hb.), and 
an unrecognized Hupithecia. Bryophilaa—Mr. G. T. Fountain showed a 
long series of perla, F., and muralis, Forst., from many British loeali- 
ties, to illustrate the extent of their variability—Gynandromorphs : 
Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright showed two specimens of Platychirus 
albimanus, F., from Sutton Park, which were quite extraordinary. 
They were melanic, one showing no trace of markings, and in different 
degrees they showed characters intermediate between those of the 
male and the female sexes. Strictly speaking, they were not gynan- 
dromorphs, as they did not display some parts with male characters, 
and other parts with female characters. They would be better de- 
scribed as females possessing certain characters approaching those 
normally possessed only by the males. The chief points were that the 
foreheads, though separated, were only half the width of those in 
normal females, and were similar to males in some details of form: 
the fore tarsi and tibizw, normally single in the females, were in these 
widened in similar manner to those of males, but not so much (the 
two specimens differing much in degree). The genitalia outwardly 


RECENT LITERATURE. 308 


appeared feminine.—Palearctic Pararges: Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker 
showed a nice collection of the genus Pararge, with various forms of 
egeria, L., megera, L., mara, L., &&.—Corsran J. Warnwrieut, Hon. Sec. 


RECENT LITERATURE. 


Les Premiers Etats des Lépidoptéres F'rangais (Rhopaloceres). Par 
M. C. Frionner. Pp. i-xl, 1-820. Paris: A. Hermann. 

Tue ever-increasing number of collectors who find an extended 
field for observation and capture in France will welcome a book 
dealing practically with the subject chosen by M. Abbe C. Frionnet. 
It is a pity, therefore, that the author had not confined himself entirely 
to the species indigenous to the titular region, instead of introducing 
those wholly outside it, or of accidental occurrence. He does not 
appear, moreover, to have had the advantage of referring to records of 
much of the good work in his special department done by British 
observers, and although the species—and they are many—which have 
actually passed through his hands are as fully described as purposes 
of identification require, M. Frionnet, for the rest, is content to copy 
from his predecessors, in several cases with indifferent results. We 
should have expected a better diagnosis and account of the early 
stages of Lycena arion, for instance, than the fragmentary informa- 
tion quoted from Newman. Nor do we find more than the barest men- 
tion of the association of ants with the larve of Lycenid butterflies, 
without some note of which their life-history must necessarily remain 
imperfect and unintelligible. Neither Neptis luci/la nor N. aceris have 
established themselves west of the Alpes-Maritimes: an extremely 
doubtful record of Peyerimhoff'’s for Strasbourg is regarded as suffi- 
cient warranty for a transcription of Vanessa xanthomelas. According 
to M. Chrétien (‘ Le Naturaliste,’ 1903, pp. 71-2), the larve of all 
the Erebiide except H. pronoé are known, but M. Frionnet is unable 
to furnish details of mmnestra, pharte, stygne, evias, scipto, epistygne, 
goante, gorgone, or gorge. But we know how difficult it is to get 
thoroughly accurate descriptions, and in the search among local lists to 
light upon reliable records. The French catalogues, hidden away in 
the annals of Societies of mixed scientific aims, are generally most 
difficult of access. Large tracts of country, even in the most promising 
regions, have yet to be explored by native butterfly-hunters so far as 
we can gather. At least in periodical entomological literature they 
have left no trace of their excursions. It was hardly worth while, 
however, to recreate Apatura metis, Fr., into a species, and simply to 
mention that the larva resembles that of A. ilia; and for localities 
which should appeal most strongly to British collectors there are some 
very improbable entries retained, as it were, from the veritable “fathers 
of entomology.’ If Argynnis pandora ever occurred at Auxerre, in the 
midland department of the Yonne, it was surely introduced artifi- 
cially ; while the record from Cherbourg, an error of M. Nichollet’s, 
was corrected long ago. And is it conceivable that a southern 
species like Huchloé belemia ever found its way, except out of a collec- 
tor’s box, to Morlaix, in Finistére, a department which, by reason of 


304 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 


its geographical position, possesses one of the poorest butterfly faunas 
in France? But apart from these unnecessary repetitions, M. Frionnet 
condenses much useful and new matter into the two hundred and 
thirteen notices which more than cover the splendidly diverse cata- 
logue of France’s butterflies, and we may hope that the tempting 
array will further encourage those who enjoy the opportunity of 
studying them at first-hand to supplement our knowledge alike of 
their earlier stages, and of the area of their distribution in Western 
HKurope. 
- ———— i. B.-B; 


Some Moths and Butterflies and their Eggs. Gowan's Nature Books, 
No.15. Pp. 8, 60 plates. London and Glasgow: Gowan & Gray. 


WE have here a little book, 6 in. X 4 in., in paper cover, intended 
for the general public, but requiring notice also amongst entomologists. 
We have photographs of sixty species of Lepidoptera and their eggs, 
by Mr. A. E. Tonge, reproduced in half-tone, as perfectly as we are 
accustomed to see such work in our best Transactions and magazines. 
The half-tone process does not reproduce the minute sculpture of the 
eggs, aS one would like, but it shows as much as one can see of the 
egg itself by aid of an ordinary hand-lens. We can detect nothing 
that is not scientifically accurate, and we admire the portraits of not 
a few of the imagines. The remarkable point about the book is its 
price, so much and such good material got up for sale amongst ento- 
mologists would probably be sold at 5s. or 10s. Here it is for 6d. 
The secret is that itis to be sold by the thousand on bookstalls and 
elsewhere. If we could make the usual scientific works as popular, 
we might get them as cheaply. Will this suggest to anyone to think 


furiously with practical result ? 
a eaaT aa LL UME: 


The Story of Insect Life. By W. Perrctvan Westetu, F.L.S., 
M.B.0.U. Pp. 1-839. London: Robert Culley, Paternoster 
Row, E.C. 1907. 


Tue first of the seven chapters into which the author has divided 
his subject comprises general remarks on the structure, metamor- 
phosis, habits, &c., of insects. Chapters ii.-vi. deal respectively with 
Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. 
The seventh and last chapter is devoted to Hemiptera and Diptera. 
Only some of the commoner species in each order are referred to, and 
these are just those insects that are most likely to come under the 
notice of rural dwellers or country ramblers. There are fifty figures 
of insects on the eight coloured plates, and a further sixty-two in 
black and white. Only ten species are shown in the larval stage, and 
of the egg stage we only find three examples. The story is pleasantly 
told, most of the illustrations are well done, and altogether the book 
is distinctly attractive. 


Oxiruary.—We regret to learn that Mr. A. H. Shepherd, of 
81, Corinne Road, died on October 26th last. 


Je 08 


a ‘for ae oH post free) should be sent to West, Newman & Co., 
as ae < NF, Hatton Garden, London. 


SO MOL RL “ gawwaRy, 1907. (No. 524, 


~ENTOMOLO GIST: 


| Ulusteated Journal 
GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY | RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 
WITH Sanya ASSISTANCE OF 


‘ROBERT ADKIN, FES. | ii W. EF. ‘KIRBY, P.L.S., F.B.8, 
W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c- | G. W. KIRKALDY, F..S. 
EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S.,F.E.S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. 
F. W.FROHAWK, F.E.8.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &. 


MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. _ || @ H. VERRALL, F.E.S. 


‘By mutual confidence and mutual aid . 
’ Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.” 


LONDON: Depa rteien) a if 
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Lirrep. 


7.2 


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(Opposite Post Office.) “ 


WUPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 
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Other Cabinets, Cases, Store and Hahibition Boxes, dc. os 
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es of 
gi ae: or the British natonelin: Anthedticity, or good condition of 
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anal, Marked * are bred. 


— Duplicates. —Euphrosyne, Aglaia, Semele, Tages, Consortaria; Rectangulata, 
Elutata vars., Fimbria,* Ambigua. Desiderata.—Numerous.—F. Pope ; 11, Port- 
land Street, ‘Newtown; Exeter. 

y Duplicates. —Semele, Hyperanthus, Cardamines, Euphrosyne, Lucina, Lithayr- - 
gyria, Impura, Strigilis, Furuncula, Macilenta, Silago, Dentina, Umbratica, 
Autumnaria, Pilosaria, Defoliaria, Tithonus, Corydon, Rhamni, Urtice, H. Comma, 
‘Conigera, Gemina, Fasciuncula, Festiva, Pistacina, Ochroleuea, Pisi, Glyphica, 
Pennaria, Dealbata, Aigon, Adippe, Galatea, L. Comma, Pallens, sOenibat Trilinea, 
Lota, Vaccinii, Serena, Mi. Desiderata.—Numerous.—F’. Parry; 13, Longport, 
Canterbury. 

| Duplicates.—Curtisella, Phryganella, Betulella, Dubitalis, Niveus, Solandriana | 
(7 or 8 named vars.), Cana, Forskaleana, Sordidana, Conspersana, Colquhounana, 
Occultana, Simulana, Dubitana, Argyrana, Ocellana. Desiderata.—Local Pyrales, 
Crambites, and Tortrices.—J. Harrison ; 7, Gawber Road, Barnsley. 

Duplicates.—Juniperata, Popularis, Lutosa, Consortaria, Pennaria (male and 
female), Aurantiaria, Zonaria (females only), Graminis, Ulmata, Stabilis, Instabilis, 
Nictitans, Triangulum. Desiderata.—Numerous. Black pins.—Charles Capper ; 
 Glyndale,” Glebe Road, Barnes, S.W. 

Duplicates. — Corydon vars., Caniola, Griseola, Dominula,* Abruptaria, Cam- — 
bricaria, Remutata, Fumata, Liturata, Petraria, Gilvaria, Bipunctaria, Lineolata, 
Imbutata, Megacephala,* Menyanthidis, Putrescens, Cubicularis, Cerago; and a 
few each,—Exulans, Chlorana, Versicolor, Coryli, Hispidus, Ophiogramma, Caligi. 
-nosa, Chi: Ochrolonca, Pastinum. Desiderata.—Albulalis, Affinitata, Ruberata, 
Firmata, Ridens, Turca, and others.—A. H. Shepherd; 81, Corinne Road, Tufnell 
Park, London, N. 
th Duplicates. —-Suasa,* Mendica,* Solidaginis, Graminis, Valligera, } Vigra, Glareosa, 
Chi, Unanimis, Ianthina,* Pisi, Pudorina, Comes vars., : Hxpolita (fair), Lubriei- 
peda var. Fasciata,* Io,* Aithiops, Ruberata,* Tiritaaeinie Bistortata (dark), 
Olivata (6), Affinitata, Tiliaria,* Prunaria* (male), Cesiata,* Vulgata, Badiata,* 
Derivata, Villiea, Tristata, O. Autumnata Ciliella, Dorsana, Kuhniella, &e. Desi- 
derata.—Very numerous; all orders.—Z. Ashton Lofthouse; The Croft, Lin- 
thorpe, Middlesborough. 

Duplicates. — Aprilina, Satellitia, Proteus, Umbratica, Nebulosa, Pinastri, 
Serena, Silago, Cerago, Rhizolitha. Desider dia. Numerous: 4 Hi J. Baker: 
« Wonterbowrne,” Wain-a-long Road, Salisbury. 

Duplicates.—Very fine Scopula, Alpinalis. Desiderata.—Well set: Micros- 
in any stage, especially pupe.—Thos. Salvage; Arlington, Berwick, Sussex. 
| Duplicates.—Pruni, Betule, Iris* (females), Leucographa,* Chryson,* Sobrina,* 
Lapidata, Fibrosa, Turca, Solidaginis, Venustula (fair), C-Album. Desiderata.— 
Batis (8), Derasa (8); series of Ligustri, Dictza, Dicteoides, Curtula, Anachoreta, 
_Pigra, Exigua, Sesiidz, P. Populi, Lanestris, Lithosids, vars. of Grossulariata, Meny- 

anthidis, Myriace, Vilkiea, &e.—B. 8. iSonelle=2 yA Studley Road, London, S.W. 

Duplicates. —A. Paphia, A; Cuprealis, Flavicornis, Piniperda, Aprilina, X. Rhi- 
-golitha, Chrysitis, Nupta, Venaria. Desiderata. —A. Ligustri, Menyanthidis, 
Myrice, H. Dipsacea, T. Populeti, Leucographa, and many others.—H. 7’. Dobson ; 
Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, Surrey. 

~ Duplicates.—Geometre and Noctuz in good condition, and well set. Deside- 
_rate.—Asella, Asellus, Testudo, Muscerda, Deplana, Bifida, Chaonia, Dodonea, 
-Caliginosa, Aquilina, Ravida, Rubiginea, Ochroleuca, Cesia, Irregularis, Flammea 
-(Empyrea), Atriplicis.—D. Chittenden ; 14, Limes Grove, Lewisham, S.E. 
. Duplicates. — Rhamni (fine), Sibylla (fair), Aglaia, Davus, Blandina, Rubi, ~ 
Linea, Corydon, Monacha, Lonicere, Falcula, Duplaris ( (melanic), Phragmitidis, 
Cespitis (very fair), Haworthii, Nigricans, Apiciaria, Pennaria, Heparata, Scutulata, 
_Leucophearia, Cilialis. Desiderata.—Offers.—F. Emsley ; 107, West Street, Leeds. 
Duplicates. —Blandina, Rectangulata, Virgularia, Didymata, Marginipunctata, 
Strigillaria, Lenco sharia, Ulmata, Gueulatella, Nictitans, Comes, N. Rubi, Mega- 
eephala,, Rurea, Plecta, Rumicis, Gothica, Perla, Oculea. Desiderata —Phleas, 


No aee: ‘Foliginoss: Pigr 


pico pie tt 


Z: 
Crepuscularia, Temerata, Inomata, a, Testat 
others.—H. A. McNaught ; Dilmore Pas er nhall Heath, We 
Duplicates.—Ova : Antiqua. Imagines : Comma, Impura, Pa p 
Testacea, Morpheus, Plecta, Rubi, *Pistacina, Lunosa, Lucipara, Meticulosa, 


Elinguaria, Fuscantaria, Abruptaria. Desiderata.—Many common Bpaeee to 


renew.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. 


Duplicates. —Polychloros, Linea, T. Rubi, Porcellus (4), Lanotae Geryon ( (6), ; 


Impura, Litura, Pistacina, Xerampelina, Betularia (black), Hirtaria, Cervinaria, 


Badiata, Multistrigaria, Hrosaria, Alniaria, Abruptaria (3). Desiderata.—Very :: 


numerous, especially pupe.—A. Summons ; Loughborough Rd., W. Bridgford, Notts. 

Duplicates.—Expolita (fair only), Salmacis, H. Marginata, Elymi, Capsincola, 
Cucubali, Carpophaga, Ambigua, Testacea, Polyodon (black), Tritici, Ulmata, 
Biundularia, &c. Desiderata. 2 _Very many common species to renew and extend. 
John E. Robson; 15, Northgate, Hartlepool. 


Duplicates.—Chrysidiformis, Geryon, Autumnaria,* Ochrata, Trigeminata, © 


Promutata, Geminipuncta,* Australis, Saponarie, Valligera, Ochroleuca, Lutulenta, 


Dentalis, Angustalis, A. Nemoralis, Alpinellus, Falsellus, Latistrius, &e. Deside- 
rata.—Bajularia, Notata, Fraxinata, Simulata, Firmata, Ruberata, Psittacata, 
Costestrigalis, Cuprealis, Pandalis, Hyalinalis, Scopariz. Canella, Pterophori, &e. 
J.P. Barrett; St. John’s Villas, Margate. 

Duplicates.— Hyale (4), Sinapis, Selene, Exulans, Lonicerz, Geryon, Versicolor, 
Pavonia, Cucullina, Littoralis, Alsines, Blanda, Morpheus, Anomala, Serena, Affinis, 


Diffinis, Carpophaga, Capsophila, Ripe, Umbra, Subtusa, Orichaleea (2), Arbuti, m 


Sphinx, Prodromaria, Dealbata, Salicata, Cesiata, Multistrigaria, Prunata, Latis- 


trius, Inquinatellus, Stratiolata, &e. Desiderata.—Apiformis, Alni, Stigmatica, 
Furva, Tincta, Smaragdaria, Teniata, Pygmeata, Insignaria, Sparsata, Lapidata, 
Fluviata, and many Deltoids, Pyralites, Crambites, &¢.—Rev. A. Day; The 
Vicarage, Malvern Link. 

Duplicates.—Aurinia (Kent), Paphia, Adippe (1), Selene, Kuphrosyne, Egeria, 
Davus, Corydon (males), Comma (males), Tages, Porcellus (1, fair), Dominula, 
Geryon, Neustria (2, pale), Z. Trifolii, Umbratica (1), Chrysitis, Gilvaria (males), 
Palumbaria. Desiderata.—Numerous common Noctuse ; lists exchanged.—P. E. 
Freke; South Point, Limes Road, Folkestone. 

Duplicates.—Lapponaria (Perthshire), Cordigera, Melanopa, Duplaris (dark), 
Flavicornis, Dentina, Menyanthidis, Rectilinea, Contigua, Rurea and var. Com- 
busta, Solidaginis, Suspecta, Sobrina, Vestigialis, Adusta, Furva, Monoglypha 
(dark), Hricetata, Blandiata, Crsiata, Multistrigaria, Alpinalis, Avellanella (all 
Sooteh, 1906). Desiderata.—Tabaniformis, Myopiformis, Formiciformis, Globu- 
larie, Centonalis, Muscerda, Pygmeola, Asella, Gonostigma, Bicuspis, Cucullia, 
Carmelita, Strigosa, Auricoma, Vitellina, Albipuncta, Straminea, Ulve, Bondii, 
Cann, Sparganii, Exigua, and others; also Palearctic butterflies.—A. H. Gibbs ; 
Kitchener's Meads, St. Albans. 

Duplicates. —Ova of Chi, type and var. Olivacea (Scotch and Durham forms). 
Desiderata.—Numerous ; flat-set on black pins.—Geo. B. Walsh; 7, Kensington 
Road, Middlesborough. 


CuHaNncE oF AppreEss. — Albert E. Wright, from 188, Todmorden Road, to 
41, Brooklands Road, Burnley. 


To CoRRESPONDENTS.—AIl notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of. 


exchange should be sent to the Kditor— 
RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


tec, 


: Annual Meeting, Wednesday, January 23rd, 1907, at 8 p.m. 


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ae CATALOGUE OF THE 


pe OF IRELAND 


By W. F. De VISMES KANE, M.A., F.E.S., &. 


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DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 


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of the Globe. Collected from various numbers of the ‘ Entomologist’ from Jan. 1891, 

to Feb. 1895. The descriptions are by Messrs. J. H. Leech, W. L. Distant, Martin 

Jacoby, H. W. Bates, Dr. W. J. Holland, Rev. H. S. Gorham, and Dr. D. Sharp. 
They form a neat cloth-bound volume of 112 pages.’ Price 2s., postage 3d. 


EXPERIMENTS ON THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA 


By Dr. AUGUST WEISMANN. 


_ Translated from the German by W. E. Nicnonson, F.E.S. This very interesting paper 


appeared in seven numbers of the ‘Entomologist’ in 1896, and occupies 60 pages in 
its more convenient form as a separate “pamphlet. Price 1s., postage 1d. 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPERATURE 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF 1898. 


By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp. 37 pages and four fine half-tone 


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Coloured Plates, in best style, containing more than 500 Figures. 


Only a few copies of this splendid work remain in stock, which are now offered at 


15s. net. (published at £1 5s.). 


WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. 


i Manackitare aud Manufacturers of Entomological Rppardias and Cabinets. 
Plain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 8d., 2s., 24s.6d. Folding Nets, 
8s. 6d., 458. Umbrella. Nets (self-acting), 7s. Pocket Vanes: 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d: 
Zine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d., 25. Nested Chip Boxes, 7a. per four dozen. 
: Entomological Pins, assorted or maiked: Is., 1s. 6d. ver oz. Rooke Lanterns, 2s. 6d. 
to 8s. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 
1s. 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, with ‘camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 48., ds., 6s. Setting 
Boards, flat or oval, 1 in., 6d.; 14 in., 8d.; 2im.,10d.; 24in.,1s.; 8hin., 1s. 4d.; 
4"in,, 16.:6d.;.5 in:, Is. 10d. ; ‘Oomplete Set of fourtdim Bonarda, 10s. 6d. Setting 
Hisusha, 9s. 6d., ee 6d.; dorked back, 14s. Zinc Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
Breeding Cage, ‘2s. 6d., 48., 58., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, — 
~ 1s. 6d., 1s.8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., 28. 9d., 8s. 6d., 48. 6d. | 
Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 28. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Cases, 
28. 6d. to lls. Cement for replacing Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
Is, 6d., 2s., 28.6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 34, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen 
sheets. Brass Ohloroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, 1s. to 8s. Glass-top and 
 Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 9d., 1s. Pupa 
Digger, in leather sheath, 1s. 9d. Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6d. Sealpels, ls. 3d.; Scissors, 28. per 
pair; Kgg-drills, 2d., 3d., 9d.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
Animals ; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d. ; ditto of Birds’ Kggs, 2d., 3d., 6d: ; 
ditto of hand and Fresh-water Shells, 2d,; Useful Books on Insects, Bees, &e. 

The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 

-and bulk. Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Rig, and.Bag. We shall 
' be pleased to send on approval. 


es ie ER OCONEE SO: Rs COA: 1 Nees 


Of every description for INsecrs, Birps’ Haas, Coins, MicroscopicaL OxpJects, 
Fossiis, &c. Oatalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 
A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS EGGS 
_ (BRITISH, HUROPKAN, AND EXOTIC)... 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
36 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (6 doors from Crarine Cross). 


HERBERT W. MARSDEN, 


NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 
: 38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
Moderate Prices, 

Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists; &e. 

Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, «c.—British & Exotic Shells. 
‘ae most rEDIABLE Stock or BIRDS’ SKINS anp BIRDS’ EGGS in Barrain. 
New and Second-hand Books.— Exchange and Label Lists. 

Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Oataiogue. 


N.B.—Mr. Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous 
useful lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- 
tionally low prices. Lists on sg celahauek 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1z00 Species. Several 

hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also 
Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &e, Thirty to fifty per cent. under 
usual rates, Lists free. Selections on approval. 


FORD, South View; Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth, 


= 


CONTENTS. ee eae 
Aberrations oF es BAT Oe and A. ise (witht atacoiuan 
Louis B. Prout, 1... Current Criticisni, W. L. Distant, 2. "On some EN engs 
ptera collected by Mr. G. C. Dudgeon. at Buxa, Bhotan, £. Cameron, Britt 
NorEs and OxseRvAtions. — Stenoptilia graphodactyla, ‘a mew © Britis Plame," 
Gervase F. Mathew, 8.. Myelois ceratonix and its var. pr yerella,” 7m. Mans-- 
bridge, 8. Larva of Limenitis sibylla, 1s A, Di. wey, Oe. The Mathew Collee- So 
tion of British Lepidoptera, 9. Abe 
OaprurEs AND Fivnp Reports. — Sesia. auili¢iformis sac Heliothis peltibens' ain § 
Dorset, W. Parkinson Curtis, 11. Cherocampa celerio in ‘Selkirkshire, | 
.B, Weddell, 12. Deiopeia pulchella in Ireland, Rose M. Dakin, 12% Oceur- A 
rence of Kanthia ocellaris, Bkh., in, Norfolk, EL A. Atmore, ; 12. “Laphygma 
exigua in Devonshire, J. Pope, 12, ‘Heliothis armigera in: Cornwall: a Corree- | 
tion, W. 8S. Sheldon, 12. Leucania unipuncta in Hanipshire, AR. Kidner, 48) 
‘ Teniocampa stabilis in November, G. B. Coney, 13) Occurrence of Spilosoma - 
mendica in November, H. J. Baker, 13. Retarded Emergence of Demas coryli, ,. co 
J.B. Morris, 138. Das} chira pudibunda emerging in Autumn, A. R. Kidner, 13. 
Plusia fnpeeta in Cheshire, 18. Migrants, J. P. Barrett, 13. Sugaring and) 
_. Atmospheric Conditions, J. P. Barrett, 14. Odonata Records for 1906, EB. R. 
Speyer, 14. Notes on Lepidoptera reared during 1906, Philip J. Barrand, Cy 
SOcIETIES. — Entomological Society of London, 16. ‘The South London Entomo- 
logical and Natural History Society, 18. City of London Entomological and ~~ 
- Natural History Society; 20. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological ered bao 
21: Birmingham Entomological Society, 22. ‘ | 
RECENT Literature, 23. ¢ 


Tk 


Mid 


DR STAUDINGER & BANG= HAAS, Blasewitzs Dresden, in their f 
new Price List, No. L. for 1907, offer more than 16,000. Species of well- 
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or ‘in papers, from all parts of the world, in ~ 
finest ‘condition ; ) 1400 dinds of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING 
PUPAL, &e.. Sepakare Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (26,000'. species), for 
HYMENOPTERA (3200 ‘species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ° 
ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA 800}, ‘BIOLOGICAT: OBJECTS: ik ae 

. | Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. ee y 


a y i £ 


TANTED. — Gentleman aS fo set. fresh- aoa 


British Lepidoptera in the-English style, during the summer» 
of 1907. Seven shillings per 100 paid for first-class Works, , Be) 
; W. ADAMS, f é Ty eae 

31, Farruott Roap, Sroxe ‘Nawineron, Lonpow, N. STE 


EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. 
sacuaweie SWINHOE, 6, Gunterstone Road, West Bendeeiai Ww. 
ATALOGUE No. 16 for 1907 (now ready), sent gratis. Explanatory. one 
Catalogue (not a priced: list) with over 800 descriptions and We 
many interesting notes, 6d. 
Just received, living pupe of. oes apna from the United 
States. of America. 3d. “each. +28. 9d. pet dozen. the Ga nreaae oy ie 4 


JAMES. GARDNER. i 
MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATL s 
29 (late 426), OXFORD | STREET . oe, 


(Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road): Na : 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION, TAR : 


Ses 


All Articles Guaranteod.: exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers ” ti 
are requested to note the Addresses as ne ok occur daily. 


54, Hatton Garden, London. 


- Wok, RiP Ee rine Gor (No. 525. 
| Seen iE , 
ENTOMOLOGIST 
eB Allustrated Journal 

OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


2DTLED “BY: RICHARD: -SOUTH,: F.E.S. 


» WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. _W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.2.S8. 
W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &e. | G. W. KIRKALDY, F..8. 


EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S8., F.E.S8. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. 


F, W. FROHAWK, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.8., &o. 


MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F:E.S. 


‘By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made,’’ 


LONDON: ne 


WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 


SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO,, Liurtep. 


Double Number.—Price One Shilling. 


sipntene led pe (68. post free) should be sent to West, Newman d Co., 


EL z 


Butierity Nets (Fig. 1). 1/+3 with Baas re i30} Fold: 
ing Wire Ring-(3), 4/-; Folding Kite ie Dy 2/6 3/6 & 4/6; 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint. cane (5), 3/-; 4-joint ©), 3/6; 
pine Nets (7), 2/6 & 3/-... Pocket Bees 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; 
zinc oval do., 9d., 1/-, 4/6; ditto Larvee, Boxes, od. § 197 compart- 
ments, I fee Setting Boards, oval, 1- in. 6d., 1-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d.5r 
ah-in. a/s,. 3-in. 1/2, 34-in. 1/4; flat do. same price, Cork 
A Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring: Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear 


tin: 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d.-& 1/- box ; black-do.,, 


by rr 5/-, 174 by 12 6/-. . Larve Gages, 2/-, 2/6.; -double do. 
3/6. Leno, 4d. yard. Postage extra. Fall Illustrated Cata= 


Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, 


and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &C.; XC, 
2d. post free. 


specimens ws application, “Larye Collector's oe ‘and 
Calendar,” 1/-. ‘ Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. Egg Col- 
lector's Guide and Calendar,” 1/-.. “ Bird ‘Stuffing. and Mount- 
ing,” illustrated, 1/-, ~ Naturalist's Year-Book, 3: “Data.”® 
Books, Strongly ‘bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. 
or British~ Birds do., 1/- each. The Naturalist’s Quarterly 
NET NETS Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2/6 


~ per annum; specimen copy 4d. Label List of British Macro- 


: Lepidoptera, 6d. Reference do., 3d. Butterfly d6.-only, 2d. 
FRAMES _ INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet. Exchange Lists: 8d. doz: 


OVA and PUPZE (see November advertisement).—Full Price List now ready. ~ 

Clearance List of BIRD SKINS and STUFFED BIRDS tree on application. 

Now Ready.—Vol. 1., ‘Naturalist’s Review,’ illustrated, post free, 2s. 9d. - In the 
Press. —*The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. Price to Subscribers, 5s.; atter publication, 6s. 

BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.—We are offering these at low prices, in order to-re- 
duce our entensive stock. Lists free. Butterflies from Peru, unset, as received, 1s. 
and 1s. 6d. per dozen. 


A 110 N Bees CLARKE 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 
UPPLIES Oollectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 
S Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 


BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &e., kepr 
in stock in large quantities. 


The largest stock of Eaces in England to select from, including many very rare 
species. List of clutches sent.if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 
Revised List of British LeprrpoptTera, now ready, post free. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


TaxipEeRmY. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants. 


Full general Catalogue and Special List of Kaas and SKINS, post free, 
N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


THE BRADY CABINET. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINETS on an IMPROVED PRINCIPLE 
Ten Shillings per Drawer. 


These have gained universal admiration for the light effect of 
the drawers and acknowledged superior workmanship. 


Other Cabinets, Cases, Store and Exhibition Boxes, de. 


C. BRADY & SONS, 368, Lower Fore Se. Edmonton, G. E. R 


logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, 


Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered ~ 


Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 2/6: 1,000 - 


Essence, 3d. bottle. ‘“Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d: bottle. oe 
Chip Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6 gross, Forceps, 1/6 pair. Glass=. * 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz. Naphthaline, }-lb. ~~ 


1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 16 by 826,14 by 104/-,16 


Eee 
3 


[rhe Lt of Notices of Exchange, or of Advertisements, in the Mien tomolozict? 
s in no way a guarantee: for the British nationality, authenticity, or good condition of 
she Species. This Notice is not given to throw doubt on ‘the bona fides of Exchangers or 
Advertisers, but to absolve the Editor trom responsibility, in case the liberty allowed should 
be abused.] Marked * are bred. 

| Duplicates.—Imagines: L. Comma, Impura, Pallens, Popularis, Testacea, 
Morpheus, Plecta, Rubi, Pistacina, Lunosa, Lucipara, Elinguaria, Fuseantaria. 
_ Desiderata.—Very numerous, to extend and renew.—G. Brooks; Ivyside, North 

Finchley. 

Duplicates.—Ruiicis, Ditrapezium,* Dahli, Gothica var. Gothicina, Ochracea,* 
Tritici, Conspersa, Toda Nebulosa,* Glauca, Areola, Repandata,* Coracina, 
Petraria, Pulveraria, Olivata, Expallidata, Carpinata, Silaceata, Dilutata, All N. 
Argyleshire. Desiderata.—Numerous perfect specimens.—W. Renton; Glen- 
morven, Drimnin, Argyleshire. 

Duplicates. — Hispidus, Putrescens, Lichenea,* Peltiger, Nigra, Petrificata, 
Pavonia,* Lanestris,* Ripe, Rubigenia, Lucernea, &c. Dentderata. —Fagi, C- 
Album, Iris, Clearwings, Bifida, Cucullina, Carmelita, Larve or Pupx. Also 
Parts 2 and 3 of J. W. Tutt’s ‘Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist.’— 
J. Walker; 3, Goodwin Terrace, Carlton Road, Torquay. 

Duplicates. —Haworthii, Chi, Pulchrina, Coe G. Flavago,* Baia, Capsin- 
cola, Elpenor, Potatoria,* B. Quercus, Fuliginosa, Aglaia, Agestis, Cambrica, 
Impluviata (dark), Centaunesta,” Multistrigaria, Cwsiata, Strigilis, Festiva,* 
Typica,* Triangulum.* Desiderata. — Bajularia, Notata, and many common 
insects to extend.—W. G. Clutten; 132, Coal Clough Lane, Burnley. 

Duplicates. —T. Quercus,* Cucullatella,* Dilutata, Boreata, Linariata* (5), 
Absinthiata,* Juniperata,” Orion,* Psi,” Graminis, Fimbria,* Ditrapezium,* Tri- 

- angulum,* Brunnea,* Moneta* (3) on black pins and (5) on gilt pins. Desiderata. 
Numerous.—R. C. Paton; Streatham College, Streatham Commen| S.W. 

Duplicates. — Rhamni; Rubi, A.gon, Agestis, Minima, Sylvanus, Lineola, 
Comma, Thaumas, Acton, Lucina, Ligustri (Sphinx), Griseola, Tiliaria (5), Crepus- 
cularia, Temerata, Taminata (4), Petraria (fair), Sobrinata, Ocellata, Tersata, 
Bipunctaria, Testata, Lineolata, Camelina, Ceruleocephala, Perla, Graminis, 
Fasciuncula, Haworthii (6, fair), Ianthina, Instabilis, Verbasci, Costalis, and 
others. Desiderata.—Numerous.—4d. T. Goodson ; 18, Park Road, Tring. 

Duplicates—Undulanus. Desiderata.—Numerous.—H. V. Plum; Lower 
School, Epsom, Surrey. 

Duplicate. —E. Kuehniella, very fine. Desiderata.— Literata, Nemoralis, 
Sanguinalis, Dentalis, Nigrata, Cuprealis, &e.—Robert 8S. Smith, Junr.; The 
Laurels, Downham. | 


To CorRESPONDENTS.—AIl notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of 
exchange should be sent to the Kditor— 


RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


FOR SALE. 


HE MICRO= and MACRO-LEPIDOTERAS COL- 
LECTION of Dr. F. M. Wocxe, Breslau, known as 
Entomologist in the widest circles. 
_ The Collection comprises more than 38,000 specimens of Butterflies ; 
about 20,000 Micros, with 400 genders, 3000 species, 1000 cross-breeds, and 


varieties ; about 18,000 Macros, with 500 genders, 2548 species, 500 cross- 
breeds, varieties as ‘well as Hermaphrodites. Further particulars from— 


WOCKHE, 6 Fernpsrrasse, Bresuav, GERMANY; AND VEREIN F. SCHLESISCHE 
INSECTKUNDE. 


Catalogue sent on application. 


-~» a SS ahd Pas! SD othorPan eb CRs hee 


WANE 


7 ¥ * ¥ eA ae ef 
Gee attention of Collectors is directed to a means by which their Duplicates can be 
put to a truly artistic and permanent use (to form pictures and for general decora- 
tive purposes) by having them mounted in the ! ) 


DENTON PATENT AIRTIGHT BUTTERFLY TABLETS. 


Each insect is perfectly set by experts in a pure white, shallow cast, fitted with glass top. 
The beauties of the specimens are thus shown to the best advantage, while the Tablets 
can be handled to any extent without the slightest injury. 
AWARDED GOLD MEDAL PARIS’ EXHIBITION. 
Thousands are supplied annually to Royalty, Musewms, Collectors, Colleges, Artists 
and Art Schools, at home and abroad, 

Samples 3s. 6d., 6s., and 10s., post free to any part of the world, or parcels sent 
for selection. 

Special drop-in fumed oak Frames to fit all tablets for use as pictures. 

=" Owing to the extreme difficulty of adequately describing these articles, a personal 
visit, where possible, would be esteemed by the Parrnrrrs anp Sore Mountrers— 


SHELLEY W. DENTON & CO., 99, Regent Street, London, W. 


WANTED AT ONCE. — Youne Lapy thoroughly 
experienced in MOUNTING BUTTERFLIES. Good knowledge 
of Lepidoptera essential. Apply. stating age and salary required, to— 


‘* MOUNTING,” care or tHe ‘ Ewtomoxoaist,’ 54, Harron Garpen, B.C. 


SUPPLEMENT TO DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, 1871-1877. 
8s. 6d. net. 

LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA. Sphinges and Bombyces, 1892. 
£2 2s. net. 

NEUROPTERA ODONATA, 1890. 16s. net. 


TAYLOR & FRANCIS, Rep Lion Court, Fieer Street, H.C. 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 


A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to 


H. W. HEAD; Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH; 
Lhe Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. | 


Fall List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CaBinrers, &¢., sent on application. 


Just Published.—F cap. 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 160 pp. + blanks for Notes. 2s. 6d. 


A Pocket=book of British Birds. 
By E. F. M. ELMS. 


With Description of British Species and Distinguishing Characters ; 
Habits; Food; Language or Song; Nest and Eggs. 


London: WEST, NEWMAN «& CO., 54, Hatton Garden, E.C. 


n still be had from West, Newman é Co.: 


3 A CATALOGUE OF THE 


LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND 


By W..F. De VISMES KANE, M.A., F.E.S., &c. 


This cloth-bound volume contains 166 pages, and a Coloured Plate, preceded by an 
Introduction, in which questions of climate, soil, &c., and their influence upon local 
distribution, are considered. Price 5s., postage 4d. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 


of COLEOPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA, c., from Africa, Eastern Asia, and other parts 
-of the Globe. Collected from various numbers of the ‘ Entomologist’ from Jan. 1891, 
to Feb. 1895. The descriptions are by Messrs. J. H. Leech, W. L. Distant, Martin 
Jacoby, H. W. Bates, Dr. W. J. Holland, Rev. H. 8. Gorham, and Dr. D. Sharp. 
They form a neat cloth-bound volume of 112 pages. Price 2s., postage 3d. 


EXPERIMENTS. ON THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA 


By Dr. AUGUST WEISMANN. 


Translated from the German by W. E. Nicuoxuson, F.E.S. This very interesting paper 
appeared in seven numbers of the ‘Entomologist’ in 1896, and occupies 60 pages in” 
its more convenient form as a separate pamphlet. Price 1s., postage 1d. 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPERATURE 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF 1898. 
By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp. 37 pages and four fine half-tone 
Plates. Price 1s., postage ld. 


LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C. 


THOS. SALVAGE (The Plaquet, Arlington, Berwick, Sussex), 


has for sale fine specimens of RANNOCH and other LEPIDO- 
PTERA. All own taking and well-set (with full data), including fine 
Lapponaria, Carbonaria, Ericetata, Blandiata, Rurea (fine vars.), 
Adusta, Proteus, Dahli, Rectilinea, Melanopa, Cordigera, Cassiope, 
Artaxerxes, and’ extra fine Alpinalis, &e. Pupe of LH. unifasciata, 
Pimpinetata, Lariciata, Batis, &e. 
FOR LIST OF PRICES (FREE) APPLY ABOVE. 

THos. SatvaGceE will give all his time, for the whole of this season (from now 

till end of October), over eight months, to collecting Lepidoptera in all the best 


localities in Sussex. On Subscription : a limited number of Subscribers of £5 
each wanted. For particulars apply above. 3 


; Rink: NO USER i ea At bi MP Pala Cif nie Cia nad i eine 
THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKE 

J. T, CROCKETT & SON, 3 
(Establiched 1847,) XE SMEG ta se 

MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 
Srorte-Boxres, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of 
Spgcimens for ENTOMOLOGISTS, Botanists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GeroLoaists, Miner. 
4LOGIsTs, NUMISMATISTS, ConowoLoaists, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 
Teachers, Colleges, Students, &. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 


CapineT for Birps’ Haas and Skins. The Drawers graduate in depth and are ail 
mterchangeable. ALL Bust Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 


All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. 
Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. 
Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 
Frotories: 34, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 


Genuine British Species only Stocked. 
Ova, Larvee, Pupz, and finest set insects in great quantity. 


Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 


W INTER LIST of OVA and PUPA! now ready. Fine, authentic, 
and well-set perfect Specimens of nearly all the Species. 


Price Lists from— 


W. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Road, Colchester. 


STONELL & CO, 


Lepidopterists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus. 


Large Kite Net (Mosquito Net Bag), 4s. 6d. Bignell Beating Tray and Case, 
6s. 6d. Best quality Glass Bottom Boxes: 14 in., 6d.; 14 in., 8d. ; 12 in isd 
2 in., Is. 4d. per doz. Glass Top Metal Boxes (invaluable for rearing Larve from 
the egg), 33 in. by 1} in., 3s. 6d.; 31 in. by 1} in., Qs. 6d. per. doz. 

Every description of Apparatus on hand. The Finest Stock of Ova, Larve, 
Pup, and well-set Imagines in London. 

Hybrids and Varieties a Specialty. Intending Clients are requested to inspect 
our Breeding Grounds. Price Lists, including Special Clearance List of Surplus 
Stock at low prices, post free. 


25, STUDLEY ROAD, CLAPHAM, LONDON, S.W. 


NEW ZEALAND MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES. 
By G. V. HUDSON, F.E:S. 


Royal 4to. Cloth Extra, bevelled boards, gilt tops. Two Plain and Eleven 
Coloured Plates, in best style, containing more than 500 Figures. 


Only a few copies of this splendid work remain in stock, which are now offered at 


15s. net. (published at £1 5s.). 


WHST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.cC. 


INS” & DONCASTER, 


8 and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. 


; ain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s, 3d., 2s., 28. 6d. Folding Nets, 
s. 6d., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self. acting), 7s. Pocket Boxeas 6d.,/9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
ine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d., 28. Nested Chip Boxes, Td. per four dozen, 
ntomological Pins, assorted. or mixed, 1s., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d, 
oO 88. Sugaring ‘Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 
1s, 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, wath camphor cells, 25. 6d., 48., 5s., 6s. Setting 
dea flat oroval, lin,, 6d.; 1$in., 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 2hin., 1s.; 84in., 1s. 4d.; 
4 in., 1s. 6d.; 5 in., 1s. 104. ; ‘Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. Setting 
es. 9s. 6d., iss 6d.; gorked back, 148. Zine Larva ‘Boxes, 9d,, 18., ls..6d. 
Breeding Cage, "Bs, 6d., 4s., 58., 7s.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 
1s. 6d., 1s. 8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d. , 28. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
Botanical Paper, Is. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 2s. 2d., per quire. “Insect Glazed Oases, 
28. 6d. to 11s. “Geinent for replacing ‘Antennas, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
‘1s. 6d., 2s., 28.6d. ver pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 34, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen 
sheets. Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, 1s. to 8s. Glass- -top and 
~ Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 9d., Is. Pupa— 
Digger, in leather sheath, 1s. 94. Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
~ necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6.. Scalpels, 1s. 8d. ; Scissors, ‘Os, per 
pair; Egg-drills, 2d., 3d., 9d. ; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
- Animals; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d. ; ditto of Birds’ Kggs, 2d., 3d., 6d. ; 
- ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d. ; Useful Books on Insects, Iggs, &o. 
The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An i innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to eall your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
- made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with thre joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag.. We shall 
be pleased to send on approval. 


SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS 


Of every description for Insucrs, Birps’ Kaas, Coins, MicroscopicaL OBJECTS, 
: Fossizs, &c. Catalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 
A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS 
(BRITISH, KUROPKAN, AND EXOTIC). 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
36 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from Cxarina Cross). 


HERBERT W. MARSDEN, 


NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 
38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
Moderate Prices. 
Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &a. 
Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, &c.—British & Exotic Shells. 


THER MOST RELIABLE Stock or BIRDS’ SKINS anp BIRDS’ EGGS 1n BRIPAG 
New and Second-hand Books.— Exchange and Label Lists. 
Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. 


N.B.—Mr. Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous 
useful lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- 
tionally. low prices. Lists on application. 


RITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several 
hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also 
Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &e. Thirty to fifty per cent. under 
usual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. 


_ FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth. 


yes 


Are Hypsa baumanniana and H. conspicua varieties of “H. ‘subretracta? (with 
Plate), H. von Felser Berensberg, 25. Life-history of Thecla pruni, EWs 2 
Frowhawk, 26. Dragonfly Seasons of 1905 and 1906, W. J. Lucas, 80. New 
Aberrations of Asthena testaceata, Don. (Sylvata, Hb,), Hustace R. Bankes, — 
33. A New Mosquito from India, §. Rothwell, 34. Coleophora tricolor, 
Wlsm., at Seaford, Sussex, Philip J. Barraud, 86. Note on Coleophora — 


tricolor, Wlsm., Hustace R. Bankes, 36. Current Notes (continued), G. W. ay 


Pat 


Kirkaldy, 87. | nies iit Weta nee 
NorEs AND OBSERVATIONS.—The Mazarine Blue (Nomiades semiargus) in Wales, 
(Lt.-Col.) N. Manders, 89. Insect Fauna of Devonshire, 39. BE 


CAPTURES AND FixLp Reports, — Lithosia caniola not in Hampshire, (Rev.) A. ea 
Day, 40. Leucania vitellina in West Cornwall, William Daws, 40. Plusia . 
moneta in Nottinghamshire, ¥. J. Rasell, 40. Lepidoptera of Bast Suther- 
land, M. A. Rollason, 40. st 2 ieee 

Socinties. — Entomological Society of London, 41. South London Entomo- — 
logical and Natural History Society, 42. City of London Entomological and — 
Natural History Society, 43. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 
44. Birmingham Entomological Society, 46, a Af ee 

Recent Lirerature, 47. Ne : . ae 


A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1906 can be had 
post tree 4d, vars 


See 


R. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, Blasewitz-Dresden, in their _ 
new Price List, No. L. for 1907, offer more than 16,000 Species of well- — 
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in’ — 
finést condition; 1400 kinds. of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING — 
PUPA, &. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (26,000 species), for 
-HYMENOPTERA (3200> species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), 
ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265). - 
Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. ~ - $ » 


YOUNG MAN, aged 26, excellent Collector and Setter 

of LEPIDOPTERA ‘can also make Bird-skins; desires a place as 
Assistant with. Museum, Professional Naturalist, or Private Collector. Is 
prepared to travel abroad. Write— ES 


C. Box 4373, Wittine’s Apverrisine Orricus, 125; Stranp, Lonpon, W.O. 


EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. 


ERNEST SWINHOE, 6, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, W. 


(CATALOGUE No. 16 for 1907 (now ready), sent gratis. Explanatory 
Catalogue (not a priced list) with over 300 descriptions and — 
Many interesting notes, 6d. 
Just received, living pupe of Attacus cynthia from the United 
States of America. 8d. each. Qs. 9d. per dozen, 


JAMES GARDNER, 


MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGIGCAL APPARATLS§ 


29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET 


(Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road). 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION, 


All Articles Guaranteéd; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Oustomers 
are requested to note the Address, as mistakes occur daily. 


a ee 1907 ce post free) should be sent to West, Newman & Co,, 
ee pe es 04, Hatton Garden, London. 


MARCH, 1907, - [No. 526. 


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ENTOMOLOGIST. 


AN 


: Allustrated Journal 
= << 
oe x 5 ie maakt aOR 
; ie GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. | 
: EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E:S. 
: WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 
“ROBERT ADKIN, V.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.1.8. 
qs W.L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &. - G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.8. 
||: EDWARDA.FITCH,T.L.S.,F.E.8, | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., FES. 
: F, W.FROHAWK, F.5.S.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &o, 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. 


“By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
- Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.?’ 
cee 


— 


LONDON: 
~ WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LiuiTep. 


Price Sixpence. 


ne 3S (NATURALISTS ‘ 
: \TAXIDERMIS 


MANUFACTURERS OF Pe he lio 
3st & 33; ee Street, pe TEORE a 


2}-in. e15 eee 1/2, 3}-in. 14: ‘flat ‘do. "Sacne price. ye ete 
Lining, 5d. pet ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin Pedr oe 

Essence,.3d. bottle. “!Suredeath”» Killing Fluid, 6d bottle. ~~ 
“Chip. Boxes, 4’ doz. 7d., 1/6 gross. Forceps, 1/6 pair. ~ Glass-— 
bottomed Boxes, 4:sizes. nested, 2/2 doz. -Naphthaline, 4-lb. - 
tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d. & 1/- box; black do., 8 
1/3 & 2/6: Store Boxes; Dest make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 By 10 -4/, 16 
by ri 5/-, 17} by 12 6/-. Larve Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double do., 
3/6... Leno, 4d. yard. . Postage extra. Full Illustrated Cata~ 
logue. of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, 
Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, ~ 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered ~~ 
sand Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &c., &c., z 
2d, post free. ESR 
: Locality Labels, 4: to 10 5 Boris? any wowing 2/6 1,000» wee 
J specimens on application... “‘ Larve Collector's Guide ard ~” 

~ Calendar,”1/-. “ Lepidoptera Collecting,” ql. “Ege Col-* 

lector's Guide and Calendar,” 1/>, _“ Bird Stuffing and, Mount 
ing,” illustrated,.1/-..Naturalist’s Year Book, 1/-. “Data 
_ Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Eggerdo. 
-- or British “Birds do., ‘= each: The Naturalist’s Quarterly. 
NET : + Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2 6 
NETS on pear pa pa ae Label ee of Pee Macro= ee 
Lepidoptera, 6 Reference do,, 3d. utterfly do. only, 2d 

FRAMES INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, 1d: per sheet. RR ae Lists, 8d.-doz. 


OVA and PUPZE (see November advertisement):—Full Price List now ready. _ 
Clearance List of BIRD SKINS and STUFFED BIRDS free on application. — — 
Now Ready.—Vol. 1., ‘Naturalist’s Review,’ illustrated, post free, 2s. 9d. In the ~ 
Press.—‘ The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. Price to Subscribers, 5s. ; after publication, 685545 
-BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.—We are offering these at low prices, in order to re- 
duce our entensive. stock. Lists free. Butterflies from Peru, unset; as received, 1s. 
and 1s. 6d. per dozen. a8 pen Bs 


DUPLICATES. SSC ee 
a attention of Collectors is directed to a means by which their Duplicates can. nobe 


put to a truly artistic and permanent use «to form pictures and for general decora- a : 
tive purposes) by having them mounted in the oe 


DENTON PATENT AIRTIGHT BUTTERFLY TABLETS. 


Each insect-is perfectly set by experts in a pure white; shallow east, fitted with glass top. - ae 
The beauties of the specimens are thus shown to the best advantage, while the Tablets = 3 
can be handled to any extent without the slightest injury. sole aie 


AWARDED GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXHIBITION. : 
Thousands are supplied annually to Royalty, Musewms, Collectors, Ses Artists — 
and Art Schools, at home and abroad. : tat 
Samples 3s. 6d., 6s., and 10s., post free to any Bat of the world,” or parcels. vent see. 
for selection. Se: mene 
Special drop-in fumed oak Frames to fit-all tablets for use as pictures. we: ae 
= Owing to the extreme difficulty of adequately describing these articles, a personal ‘el 
visit, where possible, would be esteemed by the PaATENTEES- AND ‘Sore Movunters— — . 


SHELLEY W. DENTON & CO,, 99, Regent Street, ‘London, Ma 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 


A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for: Price List to 


HW HEAD: Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, 
The eS Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. 


DR ig ces “3 XCH A N G Ee. | 
BDaalinates: pabamot Semele, Tithonus, H. Comma, Corydon, Ey penmntiicgs 
. Hyale (8), Sinapis (4), Aigeria (3), A. Crategi (1), Argiolus (3), Lucina, Carda- 
- mines, Rbamni, Euphrosyne, Cinxia (2), Convolvuli (2), Vaccinii. L. Comma, 
-Pallens, Impura, Cruda (3), Suasa (2), Castrensis (1), A. Ligustri (2), Dispar (2), 

Populi (2), Herbida (2), Exoleta (1), Strigilis, Furuncula, Fasciuncula, Pistacina, 
- Rufina, Croceago, Serena, Macilenta, Xanthographa, Gemina, Triangulum, Festiva. 

Desiderata. —Paniseus, Atropos, Porcellus, Elpenor, Bombyliformis, Sesias, Prasi- 
nana, Quercana, Aisculi, Plantaginis, Hera, A. Urtice, B. Rubi, Quercifolia, Lacer- 
 tula, Hamula, Ziczac, Pinguicula, Dromedarius, Dodonea, Or, Flavicornis, Ridens, 
Leporina, Menyanthidis, Venosa, and many others to extend series.—/’. Parry ; 
Longport, Canterbury. 

Duplicates.—Imagines: Comma, Impura, Pallens, Popularis, Testacea, Mor- 
 pheus, Plecta, Rubi, Abruptaria, Elinguaria, Fuscantaria. Desiderata.—Nearly all 
_ butterflies and most moths to renew.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. 

Duplicates.—W. Album (2), Miniata, Minos, Lucina, Tages, Lineola, Hepatica, 

Nictitans, Cesiata, Punctulata, Ulmata (3), Miata, Comitata, &e. Desiderata.— 

Ova, pup, and larve.— Henry Sharp ; 16, Bolsover St., Gt. Portland St., London. 
Duplicates.—Rurea (2), Brunnea, Thalassina, Tenebrosa (4), Basilinea (4), 
R Nebulosa,* Megacephala (4, gilt pius), Rumicis, Menyanthidis (3), Rufina, Peta- 
 sitis,* Micacea,* Potatoria* (4), Plecta, Pudibunda,* Suspecta (4), Glauca, Trilinea 

(83), Literosa Elinguaria (4), Alniaria* (5), Repandata* (4), Carpini* (2, females), 
- Doubledayaria* (1). Desiderata.—Numerous; accepted offers answered.—John 
- Robinson ; 24, Greenall Street, Warrington. 

Duplicates. —Hyperanthes, 8. Populi,* Ligustri,* Mundana, Jacobee,* Villica,* 
Caia,* Lubricipeda,* Fascelina,* Potatoria,* Pavonia,* Falcataria,* Augur, Tri- 
angulum,* Brunnea,* Baia,* Ianthina,* Satellitia, Croceago,* Tripartita, Defoliaria, 
Aurantiaria, Woden &e. Desiderata.—Machaon, Sinapis, Hyale, Elpenor, Por- 
eellus, Fuciformis, Geryon, Prasinana, Plantaginis, Versicolor, Similis, Salicis, 
Curtula, Batis, and many Noctuze and Geometre.—B. Weddell, M.A. ; Selkirk. 

Duplicates. — Kdusa (male), Arion (fair), Lucina, Chrysorrhcea (3, males), 
Nictitans, Monoglypha (dark), Literosa (fair), Anomala (2, males, fair), Triangulum,* 
Baia,* Fimbria,* Chi, Flavicincta, Moneta,* Pennaria,* Marginepunctata (3), Sub- 
sericeata, Strigiilaria (fair), Cesiata, Olivata (fair), Pulchellata,* Debilitata (fair), 
Polycommata “(small), Albicillata, Guliate,” Populata, Tetradactyla, Uliginosellus 
(worn), Cratwgella,* Funerella,* Cagnagellus.”* Desiderata.—Numerous. -— (Rev.) 
W. G. Whittingham; Knighton Vicarage, Letcester. 

Duplicates.—Duplaris, Ferruginea,* Hexapterata, Impluviata (dark, all from 
Rannoch), Tripartita, Cambrica, Leucopharia, Cordigera (fair).—H. A. Cockayne ; 
16, Cambridge Square, W. 

Duplicates.—Condition fair to fine; numbers from 1 to 20; many for free dis- 
posal: Machaon (white pins), Bellargus (male), Medon, Minima, T. Quercus,* 
Galatea, Aglaia, 8. Ligustri,* 5S. Populi, Undulanus, Prasinana (white pins), 
Chlorana, Z. Trifolii, Asella (types), Lanestris,* B. Trifolii (types), Dominula,* 
Russula, Quercifolia, Fascelina (white pins), Pudibunda,* Fagi (types), Furcula, 
Camelina, Perla, Aceris, Lutosa, Phragmitidis, Chi, Graminis, Cursoria, Ripe, 
Dissimilis, Haworthii, Tritici, Captiuncula (types), Piniperda, Gracilis, Miniosa, 
Incerta, Stabilis, Gothica, Advena, Nebulosa, Affinis, Prasinana, Popularis, Matura, 
Scabriuscula, Tripartita, Triplasia, Moneta,* Chrysitis, Myrtilli,* Sponsa, Nupta, 
Barbalis,* Prunaria, Fasciavia,* Illunaria, Autumnuaria,* Bidentata, Abruptaria, 
Pennaria, Pilosaria, Prodromaria, Betularia, Doubledayaria, Rhomboidaria,* Pune- 
tulata, Consonaria, Cinctaria, Trilnearia,* Cambries, Contiguaria (white pins), Hol- 
sericata (white pins), Straminata (white pins), Subsericeata, “Busticata, Pusaria,* &e. 
Desiderata.—Well set on black pins, in fine condition, for renewal: Conigera, 
Impudens, Aquilina, Interjecta, Iota, Apiciaria, Zonaria, Hispidaria, Imitaria, 
Rubiginata, Clathrata, Certata, Piceata, Silaceata, Russata, Immanata, Certata, 
Miata, Picata, Comitata, Rufata, and several Eupitheciz.* ‘Also large number of 
fine bred Villica, Hera, Potatoria, B. Quercus, and B. Trifolii, or larve of the last 
four in May or June. Answers to applications after March 12th.—B. W. Adkin; 
8, Hope Park, Bromley, Kent. 

Duplicates.—Pupe: Palpina, Coryli, Illustraria, Bifida, Trepida, Falcula, 
Togata. Desiderata.—Living C-Album, Psitticata, Polychloros, Cardui, Derivata 
(female). Ova: Hispidaria, Lapponaria, Parthenias, or live females. One or two 
living males of Rubiginea, specially wanted ; also living specimens of Semibrunnea. 
L. W. Newman; Bexley, Kent. 


To CoRRESPONDENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &e. wand Bs es of 
exchange should be sent to the Editor— _ a3 
RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, 8, We 


6 NTOMOLOGIST,’ unbound, complete, -1902-3-4, 
What offers ? : 


“M.,” Avening House, Avening, Gloucestershire. 


POR SALE.—tThree British P. Dispar (large Coppers), 
good condition, 50s. each; also 24-drawer Mahogany 


Cabinet, £9. 
“ENTO.,” C/o West, Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, London. 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. 


J. T, CROCKETT & SON, 


(Established 1847,) 


MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 

Store-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANOES, and Dealers in all kinds of 
Specimens for Entomonoaists, BoTANIsts, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MINER: 
aLoGIsts, NuMISMATISTS, OoNCHOLOGISTS, é&c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 
Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
Casinet for Birps’ Eaas and Skins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are all - 
interchangeable. Att Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 

All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, 
Bend for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. 
PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 
Factories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 
Genuine British Species only Stocked. : 
Ova, Larve, Pupe, and finest set insects in great quantity. 


Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


A. LION BE CEA hi 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 
<1UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 


S Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 
BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &e., kept 


in stock in large quantities. 
The largest stock of Haas in England to select from, including many very rare 


List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 
Revised List of British LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post free. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


Taxipermy. Birdsskinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants, 
Full general Catalogue and Special List of Haas and Sxns, post free. 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


Ta, 


species. 


Le ae “DONCA STER, 


alists a Manufactueers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. 
ng Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, Is. 3d., 2s., 26.6d. loiding Nets, 
8s. 6d., 48. Umbrella Nets (self- -acting), 78. Pookot atheas 6d., 9d., 1s., Is. 6d. 

ine Ralasiire Boxes, 9d., 18., 1s: Gd., 25. Nested Chip Boxes, qd. per four dozen. 
ntomological Pins, ‘asgorted | or mixed, ls., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d. 
0 8s. Sagaring ‘Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for us6, 
8.91. per tin. Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 45., 58., 6s. Settmg 
— flat or oval, 1Tin., 6d.; 14 in., 8d.; 2 in.,10d.; Qh in., Tg Fein. ; 1s. 4d.; 

, Is. Gd.; 5 in’, Is. 10d.; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. Setting 

Binas. 9s. 6d., V1B, 6d. ; - aorked back, 148: Zine Larva Boxes, 9d.,18., 1s. 6d. 
reeding Cage, "Os. 6d., 4s., 58., 78. 6d. Coleopterist’s Collecting Rotite: with tube, 
8. 6d., 1s. 8c. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., Qs. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
otanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 2s. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Cases, 
2s. Gd. to Lis. Cement for replacing antoanes, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
Is. 6d., 28., 23.64. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 3}, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen 
sheets. ‘Brass Chioroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, Is. to 8s. Glass- -top and 
“Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 91., 1s. »Pupa 
“Digger, in leather sheath, 1s. 9d. 'Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
“necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6d. Scalpels, 1s. 3d.; Scissors, 26. per 
~ pair; Bgg-drills, 2d., 3d., 94.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
“Animals: Label- lists of Britislr Butterflies, 2d. ; ditto of Birds’ liggs, 2d., 3d., 6d.; 
ditto of Lond and Fresh-water. Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Rens. &e. 
~~ The WAND TELESCOPIC- NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
‘to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
“catry in'small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
- and bulk. Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.;. with four 
~ joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
be pleased to send on approval. 


= SHOW. ROOM. FOR CABINETS 


= Of every: description for Insecrs, Brrps’ Kaas, Coins, MicroscopicaL Oxsrcts, 
Possms, &¢. Oatalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 
A LARGK STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS' EGGS 
(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). 
; Birds, ce ale ae Preserved and Mounted by Firat-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
86 SIRAND, W.C., LONDON 5 doors from Cuarina Cross). 


HERBERT W. MARSDEN, 


NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 
Bees SRG TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
: Moderate Prices. 


= Cabinet. and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &e. 
: Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, &c.—British & Exotic Shells. 


7 ‘Tue most rertanie Stock or BIRDS’ SKINS any BIRDS’ EGGS rs Brrraiw, 
ae New and Second-hand Books. —HExchange and Label Lists, 
Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. 


— N.B:—Mr_ Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous 
useful lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered-at excep- 
z Ses low “prices. ists on application. 


BRIT ISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several 

hundred preserved Larvee. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 

BUTTERFLIES, 1000 -species, set; several thousands in papers: Also 

~ Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, ‘Cabinets, &e. Thirty to fifty per cent. under 
usual rates. ‘Lists free. Selections on approval. 


_ FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth. 


; 
2 
— 
7 


Ae | ty $4) tcl 


wes, he 


CONTENDS Ry as 
Notes on. the ‘Vom ieianas- of some Hymenoptera, Tg Dz A. Cocker h fe 
Orthoptera in 1905 and 1906, W. J. Lucas, 51, Scotch Lepidoptera in 1906, 


A, E. Gibbs, 55... ** Current Criticism,” G. W. Kirkaldy, 58. Description of - 
a New Species of Tingididew from Honolulu, W. L. Distant, 60. Biblio. ; 


graphieal and Nomenclatorial Notes on the Rhynchota, G. W, Kir kaldy, 61. 2 

On some new Central American Vespide, P. Cameron, 624. : = 

NotES AND. OBSERVATIONS, 64, CApruURES AND FInLp ‘Reports, 65. A a AY : 
Socrprizs, 68. Recent LirERATURE, 70. 3 ~ ait ar: 

LEPIDOPTERA AND_ CABINETS. — 


Tuesday, March 19th, at One o ‘Clock. z iS fa 


MR. J. ©. STEVENS will offer at his rooms, 38, King 

Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. (unless previously disposed 

of by private treaty), the important Collection of RHOPALOCERA of © 

the PALASARCTIC REGION (including China and Japan, and a_ 
portion of the Himalayas), formed at great expense by the Rey. H. OL 
LANG, M.D., M.R.C.S., F.E.S., &e., Author of the well-known work on~ J 
the ‘ Butterflies of Europe,’ and comprising nearly all the species and — 
named varieties known to occur in the Palearctic Region, mostly repre- 
sented by-fe long serjes, many collected by the owner in various remote 
parts of Hurope, and including numerous rarities obtained by Messrs. Grum ~ 
Grishimails and H. J. Elwes in Central Asia, by Miss Fontaine and Mrs. — 
Nichols in Syria, and Mr. W, Bliss in Asia Minor; and large purchases a 

from Dr, 0. Staudinger and others, of which the PARNASSIUS and 
COLIAS are especially fine and valuable. The Collection is in excep- x 

tionally fine condition, well set, and arTAneet. in CABINETS of the agi: 
best construction. = 
On view day prior 10 to 4 and morning y sale, Catalogues, ready a ties 
week prior to sale, on application, Be at eG RS 


YOUNG MAN, aged 26, excellent Collector and — etter a 

of LEPIDOPTERA" can alo make Bird-skins; desires.a place as 2] 
Assistant with Museum, Professional Naturalist, or Private Ooltpeters F As. : 
prepared to travel abroad. Write— 


C. Box 4373, Wittine's ; ADVERTISING Orrices, 126, STRAND, Loxpow, W. 7 


EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. _ a 
ERNEST SWINHOE, 6, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, W. — 


(CATALOGUE No. 16 for 1907 (now ready), sent eratis. Ripledanoee 
Catalogue (not a priced list) with over 300 descriptions and 
many interesting notes, 6d. 
Just received, living pupe of Aitaous cynthia and’ Telea poly. 
phemus, from the U.S. of America. 8d. each. 2s. 9d. per dozen. eb 


JAMES GARDNER, 


MANUFACIURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARAT us F 


29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET ~ eeces 
(Nearly opposite Tottenham Court. Road). Ae Ta are eee 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION, Oe ae 


All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers 
are requested to note the Address, as mistakes oceur daily. : st 


- Paha | Pet wee RO a eT a te Re Cee Eee) ees oe en 


St laa deals sie Of (6s. post free) should be sent to West, Newman é Co., 
= SRS See 54, Hatton Garden, London. 


APRIL, 1907. (No. 527. 


THE 


> 


~ ENTOMOLOGIST 


AN 


Allustrated Journal 


-OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY RICHARD: SOUTH, F.E.S. 


WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERY ADKIN, F.E.S. | W. F. KIRBY, F.1..S., ¥.E.8. 
‘Ww. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. |G. W. KIRKALDY, F.%.S. 
~ EDWARDA. FITCH, F..8.,¥.E.8. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., FES. 
F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &e. 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H.‘VERRALL, F.E.S. 


* By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.’’ 


f 


| LONDON: 
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT.& Ror Fetes | 


ae | 
«/ 


Price Sixpence. — APR 


de & w. DAVI . CxS 
MANUFACTURERS. OF ENTOMOLOGICAL Ee 
31 X33; mye Street, DARTFORD, Kent. 


Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). 1/-; with Brass y Q), z/105 Fold- aes 
ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding- Kite Nets 4), 2/6, 3/6 & 4/63 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint cane (5), 3/-; ae (6), 3/63 
Sugaring Nets (7), 2/6 & 3/-. Pocket Boxes, 6d., od., 1/-, 1 1/6: ; 
zinc oval do., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, gd. ; 2 compart- : 
ments, i/-. Setting Boards, oval, 1-in.6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d., ~~ 
2h-in. 1/-, 3-1n.-1/2, 3}-in. 1/4; flat do. same price... Cork — 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per.tin. Pear 

‘Essence, 3d. bottle. “Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. bottle. 
» Chip Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6 gross. Forceps, 1/6-pair.. Glass- 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz. Naphthaline, }-Ib: 
tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d.‘& 1/- box ; black do., 
1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 by 10 4/-, 165 
by 11 5), 174 by 12 6/-.- Larve Cages, 2)/-, 2/6.; double do., Be 
3/6.. Leno, 4d. yard. Postage extra. Full Illustrated Cata- oy 
logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, — 
Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store’ Boxes, — 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered * 
and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &c., &c.,--- 
2d. post free. 


Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 2/6 1,000 
specimens on application. -“ Larvee Collector's Guide and a 
Calendar,” 1/-. “ Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-., ““Egg Col-- = = 
lector's Guide and Calendar,” 1/-. “ Bird Stuffing and Mount- a 
ing,’ illustrated, 4/-. Naturalist’s Year Book, -1/--2 4‘ Data”? > 
Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. 


fe 
ma | 


or British Birds do., 1/- each. . The Naturalist’s Quarterly — 
NET Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2,6. ~~ 
NETS pte Be specimen copy 4d. Label List of British Macro- 
FRAMES iwecG ee epidoptera, 6d) Reference do., 3d. — Butterfly do. only, 2d 3 


Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet.” Exchange Lists, 8d. doz. | ee 
FERTILE OVA.—Autumnaria, Castrensis, Rufina, 4d. per dozen, ; 
HEALTHY PUPA, each.—Machaon, Ligustri, Populi, Orion, 3d. Tiliw, Versi- — 
color, Fees ae) Pulchellata, 4d. Porcellus, 5d. Togata, 8d. se 
Now Ready.—Vol. 1., ‘Naturalist’s Review,’ illustrated, post free, 2s. 9d. In the 
Press.—* The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. . Price to Subscribers, 5s.; after publication, 6s, 
Egg-drills and Blowpipe, with instructions, Is. 


DUPLICATES. zm 


HE attention of Collectors is directed to a means by which their Duplicates can be 
put to a truly artistic and permanent use (to form pictures and for general decora- 
tive purposes) by having them mounted in the 


DENTON PATENT AIRTIGHT BUTTERFLY TABLETS. 


Each insect is perfectly set by-experts in a pure white, shallow cast, fitted with glass top. 
The beauties of the specimens are thus shown to the best advantage, while the Sohisn 
can be handled to any extent without the slightest injury. 


AWARDED GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXHIBITION. * 
Thousands are supplied annually to Royalty, Museums, Collectors, Colleges, Artists = 
and Art Schools, at home and abroad. 

Samples 8s. 6d., 6s., and 10s., post free to any part of the world, or parcels sent 
for selection. 

Special drop-in fumed oak Frames to fit all tablets for use as pictures. 

i= Owing to the extreme difficulty of adequately describing these articles, a personal : 
visit, where possible, would be esteemed by the Parenrmrs anp Sone MountTERS— 


SHELLEY W. DENTON & CO., 99, Regent Street, London, W. 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 
A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to : 

H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, — e 
The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Teles. 

Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &e., sent on application 


siti -ateeaby t | Babb d 


ae earaes ed PY 2 ce Rr a 
ar I See 


[The publication of Notices of Exchange, or of Advertisements, in the ‘Entomologist’ 
is in no way a guarantee for the British nationality, authenticity, or good condition of 
the Species. This Notice is not given to throw doubt on the bona fides of Exchangers or 


Advertisers, but to absolve the Editor from responsibility, in case the liberty allowed should 
be abused.] Marked * are bred. 


Duplicates.—Valesina, Monacha,* Aureola, Callune,* Trepida,* Undulanus,* 
Orion,* Nebulosa, Derasa, Batis,“ Miniosa,* Viridata, Consortaria,** Consonaria,* 
Cinctaria, Lunaria, Emutaria, Unangulata,* Propugnata,* Absynthiata.* Dodo- 
neata,* &e. Full data. Desiderata.—Ova of Flavicornis, &e.—A. M. Smallpeice ; 
Field Lodge, Burley, Hants. ; 

Duplicates.—Pupx: Tiliz, Camelina, Hamula, Coryli, Batis, Instabilis, Opima, 
Munda, any Dianthecia, &c. Imagos: Local or rare, or vars., and Pyrales. 
Desiderata.—Kdusa (2), Semele (2), Atalanta, Io, Polychloros, Urtice, Quercus, — 
Tages, Lineola, Villica, Carpini, several Noctux, Ziczac, &e.—Henry Sharp ; 
16, Bolsover Street, Great Portland Street, London, W. 

Duplicates. — Afgon, Argiolus, H. Comma, H. Lineola, Statices, Hectus, 
Miniata, Villica, Salicis, Dispar, Lanestris, Prunaria, Angularia, Pilosaria, Crepus- 
cularia, Punctulata, Vernaria, Omicronaria, Punctaria, Luteata, Rusticata, Osseata, 
Ornata, Emarginata, Temerata, Strigillaria, Gilvaria, Ocellata, Procellata, Tersata, 
Vitalbata, Corylata, Pyraliata, Palumbaria, Spartiata, Spinula, Straminea (fair), 
Phragmitidis, Nictitans var. Paludis, Cytherea, Abjecta (fair), Anceps, Ophio- 
gramma, Literosa, Nigricans, Triticis, Serena, Lutulenta, Ochroleuca, Dentina, 
Moneta,* Luctuosa, Mi, Glyphica, Barbalis, Tarsipennalis (fair), Cribralis, Terrealis 
-(1), Palealis (types), Warringtonellus, Carnella, Cribrella, Zegana, Bennettii, 
Pheodactyla, Lithodactyla, Tetradactyla, and many others. Desiderata.—Nume- 
rous to extend ; also Iris, most Clearwings, Ligniperda, and offers. A very liberal 
return given for selected insects.—H. Huggins ; 13,.Clarence Place, Gravesend. 

Duplicates.—Ova: Antiqua. Imagines: Comma, Impura, Pallens, Popularis, 
Testacea, Morpheus (fair), Plecta, Rubi, Lunosa, Pistacina, Lubricipeda, Pedaria, 
Leucophearia. Desiderata.—Very numerous; common species.— G. Brooks; 
Ivyside, North Finchley. 

Duplicates.—Epiphron, Artaxerxes, Vetusta,* Orion,* Lunigera, Vestigialis, 
Miniosa, Rectilinea, Adusta, Solidaginis, Festiva (Scotch), Brunnea, Melanopa 
(fair), Quadra, Bidentata (Delamere),* Cxsiata. Desideratd.—Bred specimens of 
many common species.—A. H. Gibbs; Kitchener's Meads, St. Albans. 


ug fe 


CHANGE oF AppREss.—John Wright, from 28, Kingsman Street, Woolwich, 
to 1, KohimaVillas, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. 


To CoRRESPONDENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of 
exchange should be sent to the Editor— 


RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, 8.W. 


New and Revised Edition, Price ls. 6d. 


The Insect Hunter’s Companion 


INSTRUCTIONS FOR 


COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING, 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. 


By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN. 


WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. 


Now. Heady. CATALOGUE OF 


BRITISH ORTHOPTERA, NEUROPTERA, & TRICHOPTERA, 
By Tae Lare C. W. DALE, F.E.S. 
REVISE D*AIN D>. G@in hh ECA AD: 


Price 9d., or printed on one side of paper only for labels, ls. 6d., post free. 


W. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Road, Colchester. 


THE PRACTICAL GABINET MAKERS. 


J. T, CROCKETT & SON, 


(stablighed 1847,) 
MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 
StorE-Boxus, AppaRaTus and AppLiaNncKs, and Dealers in all kinds of 
Specimens for EnNromotoaists, Boranists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MINER. 
ALoGists, NUMISMATISTS. OONCHOLOGISTS, &e., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 
Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
Oapinet for Birps' Eaas and Skins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are aii 
mterchangeable. ALL Besr Work. Estimates GIVEN. 
All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, 
Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. 
Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 
Faotories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogie Strest, W. 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 


Genuine British Species only Stocked. 
Ova, Larve, Pupz, and finest set insects in great quantity. 
Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


AS LIONEL COLA hs 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 
S'UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 


S Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Buttertiy Nets, &c. 
BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, kc., kept 


in stock in large quantities. 
The largest stock of Hacs in England to select from, including many very rare 


species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 
Revised List of British LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post free. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


TaxipErRmy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants, 
Full general Catalogue aud Special List of Eaas and Sxrws, post free. 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


rATKINS & ‘DON CA STER, 


"Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. 


< Plain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 3d., 2s., 28.6d. Folding Nete, 
8s. 6d., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self. acting), 78. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
ByANTS Relaxing. Boxes, 90., 1s., 1s. 6d., 2s. Nested Chip Boxes, 7a. per four dozen. 
~ Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, 1s., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterus, 2s. 6d. 
; tO 88. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 
Is. 9d. per tin, Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 48., 5s., 68. Setting 
ye Boards, flat or oval, 1 in., 6d.; 1}in., 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 2}in., 1s.; 34 in., 1s. 4d.; 
ee& 305° 158;.60. 5° 5:in.; 1s. 10d. ; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. . Setting 
“Honses, 9g. 6d., Lis. 6d.; eorked back, 14s. Zine Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s8., 1s. 6d. 
~ Breeding Cage, D5. 6d., 48., 5s., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 
1s. 6d., 18.8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., Qs. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
~ Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 2s. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Oases, 
2s. 6d. to 11s. Cement for replacing ‘Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
“Is, 6d., 28., 2s.6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 34, best quality, 1s.6d, per dozen 
sheets. Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, 1s. to 8s. Glass-top and 
~Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 9d., ls. Pupa 
- Digger, in leather sheath, 1s. 9d. Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for ane 10s. 6d. Scalpels, 1s. 8d.; Scissors, 2s. per 
pair; Ege-drills, 2d.,°3d., ; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
Animals; Label-lists of Siritian Butterflies, 2d. ; ditto of Birds’ Kiggs, 20., 3d., 6d.; 
ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d. ; Useful Books on Insects, ees, ke. 

The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.— We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A.very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices,—With two joints, 8s. 6d.;-with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
be pleased to send on approyal. 


Sito OOM. FOR: CABINETS 


Of every description for Insxcrs, Birps’ Kaas, Coins, MicroscopicaL OpsEcTs, 
Fossins, &e. Catalogue (100 pp.) sent om application, post free. 
A LABGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS' EGGS 
(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
36 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from Ouarine Cross). 


HERBERT W. MARSDEN, 


NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 
z 38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
Moderate Prices. 


- Gabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &e. 
Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, &c. —British & Exotic Shells. 
- Juiz MOST RELIABLE Srock or BIRDS’ SKINS anp BIRDS’ EGGS 1s Burratn. 
New and Second-hand Books.— Exchange and Label Lists. 
Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. 


_— -NB.—Mr> Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous 
useful lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are paoee at excep: 
tionally low prices. Lists on application. 


RITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several 
hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also 
Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Gabinets, &e.. Thirty to fifty per cent. under 
usual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. 


FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth, 


CONTENTS. 8h 


Leaf-Insects in Captivity (Pulchriphyllium crurifolium, ‘Servith), W.H. St. Gusatine 
73. Notes on the Diurni of Central and Southern France, and_ Corsica, 3 
W. G. Sheldon, 75. On some New Central American Vespide, P. Cameron, ‘ie 
79. Current Notes, G. W. Kirkaldy, 88. A 

NotTES AND OBSERVATIONS. — Oxyptilus piloselle in Hertfordshire, Philip iC PRES 
Barraud, 87. “ Current Criticism,” O..7. Bingham, 87. Barrett’s ‘ Lepido- 
ptera of the British Islands.’—A good Book spoiled by its Index, Robert | 
Adkin, 87. 

CAPTURES AND Fixup Reports. — Nyetibora. holosericea ; Prodenia littoralis, 
William Daws, 88. The Pairing of Cerastis ligula. G. H. Raynor, 89. 
Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria, Sairgnar B. Steelman, 89. Notes 
on Hertfordshire Insects, 1906, Philip J. Barraud, 89. s 

Societies. — South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 90. 
Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 91. Birmingham Entomo- ~ 
logical Society, 92. City of London Entomological Society, 92. 

Recent LITERATURE, 93. OBITUARY, 96. 


a ie 
NES ee | eee 


A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1906 can be had, 
post free 4d. 


” 


DR: STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, Blasewitz-Dresden, in their 
new Price List, No. L. for 1907, offer more than 16,000 Species of well- 

named LEPIDOPTERA, set, or in papers, from. all parts of the world, in 
finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARVAL; numerous LIVING — 
PUPAL, &. SeEparatE Price Tists for COLEOPTERA (26,000 species), for — 
HYMENOPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), - 
ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265). — 
Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. 5 


YOUNG MAN, aged 26, excellent Collector and Setter 

of LEPIDOPTERA - can also make Bird-skins; desires a place as 
Assistant: with Museum, Professional Naturalist, or Private Collector. Is 
prepared to travel abroad. Write— 


C. Box 4373, Wittive's Apvertisinc Orrices, 125, Srranp, Lonpon, alee 


Feap. 8vo cloth, gilt top, 160 pp. + blanks for Notes. 28, 6d, 


A Pocket-book of British Birds. 
By HK: FE. Me ELMS; 


With Description of British Species and Distinguishing Characters; 
Habits; Food; Language or Song; Nest and Eggs. 


London: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, Hatton Garden, E.C. — 


JAMES: -GARDAN Eax. 
MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS. 
52, HIGH HOLBORN, anp Ey 
29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road, a 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. 


My ot 
All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Brecds and Customers. 
are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily. 


3 ub ee Pe or (6s. post free) should be sent to West, Newman & Co,, 
2 Reser 64, Hatton Garden, London. 


a _ - 
Zs Sie - 


MAY, 1907. [No. 528. 


THE 


ENTOMOLOGIST 


AN 


lusteated Hournal 


OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. | W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., ¥.E.8. 
W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.S. 
EDWARDA.FITOH,F.L.S.,F.E.S. | W. ¢ LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. 

F. W.FROHAWK, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | ~~ . SHARP, F.R.S., F-E.S., &c. 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. |G, ee F.E.S. 


“By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.” 


- LONDON: 
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 


SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT _& Te 
eee a ¥ OF CONGS 


Price Sixpence.” — 


‘J. & W. DAVIS Gxmume) 


+ 


MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, dl, 
31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. | 


Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). tes with Brass y (2), 1/10; Fold- 
, ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding Kite Nets (4), 2/6, 3/6 & 4/05 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint cane (5), 3/-; 4-joint (6), 3/6; 

Sugaring Nets (7), Re & 3/-. Pocket Boxes, 6d,, od., 1/-, 1/63 

zinc oval do., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, od: 2 compart- 

ments, I/-. Setting Boards, oval, 1-m.6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d., 


») 


1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 gi 14 by 10 4/-, 16 
by 11 5/-, 17+ by 12 6/-.. Larve Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double do., 
3/6. Leno, 4d. yard. Postage extra. Full Illustrated Cata-- 


Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests; Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered 


, and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, (ce, &e: “y 
- 2d. post free. 


Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any sarees 2/6 1,000 
specimens on application. “Larve Collector's Guide and 
Calendar,” 1/-. “Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. “Egg Col- 
lector’ s Guide and Calendar,” 1/-.  “ Bird Stuffing and Mount- 
ing,” illustrated, 1/-.. Naturalist’s Year Book, 1/-.. “Data’’ 
Books, strongly ‘bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. 
or British Birds do., 1/- each. The Naturalist’s Quarterly 


4 Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 26 
NET NETS per annum ; specimen copy 4d, Label List of British Macro- 

~  Lepidopt 6d. Ref : B 
FRAMES H SS ees pidop era, eference do.,.3d. utterfly do. only, 2d: 


Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet. Exchange Lists, 8d. doz. 
FERTILE OVA.—Per dozen.—Autumnaria, Castrensis, Rufina, Tetralunaria, 4d. 
Hirtaria, 3d. 
HEALTHY PUP4E, each.—Machaon, Ligustri, Populi, Orion, 3d. Tilia, vane 
color, Euphorbie, Pulchellata, 4d. Porcellus, 5d. Togata, 8d. 
LARVA:. —Per dozen.—Caja, 9d. Dominula, 6d. Villica, 1s. 6d. 
Now Ready.—Vol. I., ‘Naturalist’ Review,’ illustrated, post free, 2s. 9d. In the 


ocoa 


2}-in. 1/-, 3-in. 1/2, 3}-in. 1/4; flat do. same price. Cork ~ 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear 
Essence, 3d. bottle. ‘‘Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. bottle. 
Chip Boxes, 4 doz, 7d., 1/6 gross. Forceps, 1/6 pair. Glass- ~ 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz. _Naphthaline, }-lb. 
\ 3 tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d. & 1/- box; black do., ~ 


logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, ~ 


< 


ae) (he +o 
ee As Wee ee oe Sheet a] 


Press.—* The Birds of Kent. > Cr. 8vo. Price to Subscribers, 5s.; after publication, 6s. 


Egg-drills and ine with instructions, Is. 


DUPLICATES. 


HE attention of Collectors is directed to a means by which their Duplicates can be 


put to a truly artistic and permanent use (to form pictures and for general decora- 


tive purposes) by having them mounted in the 


DENTON PATENT AIRTIGHT BUTTERFLY TABLETS. 


Hach insect is perfectly set by experts in a pure white, shallow cast, fitted with glass top. 
The beauties of the specimens are thus shown to the best advantage, while the Tablets 
can be handled to any extent without the slightest injury. 


AWARDED GOLD MEDAL PARIS’ EXHIBITION. 
Thousands are supplied annually to Royalty, Museums, Collectors, Colleges, Artists 
and Art Schools, at home and abroad. 
Samples 8s. 6d., 6s., and 10s., post free to any part of the world, or ‘parcels sant 
for selection. 


Special drop-in fumed oak Frames to fit all tablets for use as piano 


ee 


Pe aN os es 


ed 


a eee an, 


PEs 


Ne pce SOE 8 a'r 


Mr 


SORE See ae 


= Owing to the extreme difficulty of adequately describing these articles, a personal — | 


visit, where possible, would be esteemed by the ParEnrEES AnD Sons Movunrrrs— 


SHELLEY W. DENTON & CO., 99, Regent Street, London, W. 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 


A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to 


H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, 
The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isies. 


Full List of LUPIDOPTERA, Apearatus, Capiners, &c., sent on application. 


= ie hee Lt wae ay ki a ey ght Go See eee 
yeh 7 AS eA at rs Wey ta 
ai Sci seg alee seat eae 


. EXCHANGE. 

Duplicates.—Ova: Antiqua. Imagines: Comma, Impura, Pallens, Popularis, 
- Testacea, Morpheus, Plecta, Rubi, Pistacina, Lunosa, Pedaria, Leucophearia, 
 Ascularia. Desiderata.—Very numerous.—G. Brooks; Ivyside, North Finchley. 

Duplicates.—Young larve of Lunaria. If brought on well, these will probably 
produce the small rare summer brood, as they are so early. Desiderata.—Larve 
of Dominula, Russula, Villica, S. Urtice, Monacha, Fascelina, Gonostigma, 
T. Orategi, P. Populi, B. Trifolii, L. Quercifolia, and ova or imagines of many 

-others.—J. T. Fountain ; 191, Darwin Street, Birmingham. 
Duplicates.—Putrescens, Nigra, Rubiginia* (2), Lucernea, Lichenea,* Ripe, 
Pavoia,* larve of Hera (a few), Repandata, Mundana, Dominula, ova of Rubricosa 
-and Munda. Desiderata.—Ova, larve, or pup of Croceago, Templi, Fagi, Planta- 
ginis, Fuliginosa, Gonostigma, Versicolor, and many others.—J. Walker ; 3, Good- 
win Terrace, Carlton Road, Torquay. 

Duplicates.—L. Dispar,* Pennaria (6), Elinguaria (6), Wavaria,* Rupicapraria,* 
Aurantiaria,* Defoliaria,* Aiscularia,* Badiata,* Flavicornis, Rumicis, N. Rubi,* 
Gothica, Stabilis, Cruda, Rufina, Lucipara,* Typica,* Mi, &. Desiderata.— 
Numerous.—G. Fleming ; 9, Fairview Terrace, Merthyr Tydfil. 

Duplicates.—Ova: Munda, Areola. Larve : B. Quercus, Munda. Pup: Aurinia 
(one dozen only). Imagines: Aurinia, Io,* Cardui, Ocellatus,* Statices (7), Caja 
(6), Bucephala (6), Pulverulenta, Munda,* Instabilis,* &e. Destderata.—Almost 
everything, especially Ligustri pupe, Klpenor pupx or imagines, which must be 
in perfect condition.—G. Randell; Seacombe, The Parade, Barry, Glamorgan. 

Duplicates.—Kdusa (2, females), Tages (6), Lineola (4), T. Quercus (8), Ziczac 
(2), Semele (2, females), H. Comma (2), Lucina (4), Io (2), Vinula (1), Villica, 
Testata, Comitata, &c. Desiderata.—Pupe or ova; Napi, Tilie. Larve of Caja, 
Villica, Dominula, Plantaginis, Russula, from various districts. Ova: Monacha, 
Neustria, &¢c.—Henry Sharp ; 16, Bolsover Street, Gt. Portland Street, London, W. 

Duplicates.—Larve of Ruberata, Impluviata, Chi var Olivacea, Flavicornis, 
Rubricosa, and almost certainly pupe of Formiceformis. Desiderata.—Ova or 
larve of Opima, Populeti, Miniosa, Munda, Gracilis (red), or offers in early stages 
only.—Harrison ; 181, Abingdon Road, Middlesborough. 

Duplicates.—Larve of Pennaria, Pyramidea, and others. Desiderata.—Ova 
and larve of other species, especially of Rhopalocera. Answers after May 7th.— 
F. A. Oldaker ; The Red House, Haslemere. 

Duplicates—Pupe: Testudo, Asella, Cucullina, Curtula, Orion, Coryli, Adve- 
naria, Illustraria, Porata, Orbicularia. Desiderata.—Ova: Lapponaria. Larve: 
T. Pruni. Living imagines: Sinapis, C-Album, Polychloros, Lucina. Also well- 
set Aigon, Astrarche, Bellargus, Minima, Argiolus, &e.—H. W. Head; Scarborough. 

Duplicates.—Larve of Versicolor. Fine imagines of Adippe, Euphrosyne, 
and many others. Black pins and full data. Desiderata.—Salmacis, Artaxerxes, 

‘and numerous common species. — W. Wells; ‘‘ Helmside,’ Boldmere Road, 
Erdington, Birmingham. 

Duplicates.—Monacha,* Macilenta, Elymi, Cracce (fair), Orion,* Glandifera. 
Desiderata—Wild larve of Caja.—W. J. Ogden; 1, West Bank, Stamford Hill, 
London, N. 

- Duplicates —Aigon, Argiolus, H. Comma, H. Lineola, Statices, Hectus, Villica,* 
and many others. Desiderata.—Numerous to extend: also Iris, Sibylla, most 
Clearwings, Ligniperda, many Pyrales and Crambites, and offers. A very liberal 
return given for selected insects.—H. Huggins ; 18, Clarence Place, Gravesend. 


To CorrEsPoNDENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of 
exchange should be sent to the Kditor— 
RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


Witt the Gentleman who sent LARVA, PUPA, and 

ICHNEUMONS of FOWL FLEAS to Tring Museum 
for identification some time since kindly communicate with 
the Hon. N. Cuarues Roruscuinp, 5 and 6, Chelsea Court, 


Chelsea Embankment, 8. W. ? 


pA Eg CATALOGUE OF 
BRITISH ORTHOPTERA, NEUROPTERA, & TRICHOPTERA, 


By tae Lare C. W. DALE, F.E.S. 
REVISED AND GOR RR EG LE be 


Price 9d., or printed on one side of paper only for labels, ls. 6d., post free. 


W. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Road, Colchester, 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. 


J. T;. CROCKETT & SON, 


(Established 1847,) 

MVAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 
Stork-Boxus, AppaRaTus and APpPLIANoKs, and Dealers in all kinds of 
Spzormens for ENromonoaists, Botanists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MingR- 
4LoGists, NUMIsMATISTS, CoNcHOLoaIsTs, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 
Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &o. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
Casinet for Birps' ces and Skins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are ail 

imterchangeable. ALL Best Work. HISTIMATES GIVEN. 

All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. 
Send for full detailed Paics List before ordering elsewhere. 
Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 
Factories: 84, Riding Houes Street and Ogle Street, W. 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 
Genuine British Species only Stocked. 
Ova, Larve, Pupe, and finest set insects in great quantity. 
Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


A. LIONEL CEA. 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 


1UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 
ny) Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 
BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &c., kept 


in stock in large quantities. 
The largest stock of Hees in England to select from, including many very rare 


List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 
Revised List of British LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post free. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


Taxipermy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants. 
Full general Catalogue and Special List of Kaas and Sxins, post free. 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


species. 


 . 


ae? St. aes Se NAP ee a eet 
sia Fea BEY She 
Ties Bs \ 


“WATKINS & DONCASTER, 


Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. 


Plain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, ls. 3d., 28., 28s.6d. Folding Nets» 
3s. 6d., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self-acting), 7s. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 


Zine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d., 28. Nested Chip Boxes, 7d. per four dozen. 
Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, Is., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d. 


to 8s. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 


1s. 9d. per tin, Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 48., 53., 6s. Setting 


Boards, flat or oval, lin,, 6d.; 1} in., 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 2hin.,1s.; 34in., 1s. 4d.; 
- 4 in., Is. 6d.; 5 in., Is. 10d.; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. Setting 


Houses, 98. 6d., 11s. 6d.; corked back, 14s. Zine Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
Breeding Oage, 2s. 6d., 48., 5s., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 
1g. 6d., 1s. 8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., 2s. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 28. 2d., per quire. Inaect Glazed Cases, 
2s. 6d. to Ils. Cement for replacing Autenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 


~ Is, 6d., 2s., 2s.6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 84, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen 


sheets. Brasé Chloroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, 1s. to 8s. Glass-top and 
Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 9d., ls. Pupa 
Digger, in leather sheath, 1s. 9d. Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6d. Scalpels, 1s. 3d.; Scissors, 2s. per 
pair; Kge-drills, 2d., 3d., 9d.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
Animals; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d.; ditto of Birds’ Eggs, 2d., 3d., 6d. ; 
ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, &e. 


The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk.  Prices.— With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.3 with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
be pleased to send on approval. 


Seow ROOM: FOR. CABINETS 


Of every description for Insects, Birps’ Haas, Coins, Microscopical OBJECTS, 


'Fossiis, &ce. Catalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 
A LARGE. STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS 
(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
86 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from CHarina Cross). 


HERBERT W. MARSDEN, 


NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 
38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
~ Moderate Prices. 
Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, & 
Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, &c.—British & Exotic Shells. 
TH MOST RELIABLE Stock or BIRDS’ SKINS anp BIRDS’ EGGS rn Brrrain, 
New and Second-hand Books:— Exchange and Label Lists. 
Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. 


N.B.—Mr Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous 
usefui lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and-Egygs, all of which are offered at excep- 


_ tionally low prices. Lists on application. 


RITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several 
hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also 
Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &e.. Thirty to fifty per cent. under 
usual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. 


FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth, 


OVA, LARVA, 3 AND” ‘PUPAE 
FROM WILD STOCK. ye 

ge N E W P-ReihGab 1 2 SI eS N O W READY. 
W. H. HARWOOD & SON, STATION ROAD, COLCHESTER. — 


SMa 


FoR SALE.—A Pair of well-made 20-drawer Cabinets, 
glass ground doors, £18, or £6 15s. each. Also a pair ~ 
of 12- draw er Cabinets, £3 15s. each. | 


“CABINETS,” West, Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, London. 


BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 


The following works have been recently issued by the Trustees of the British 
Museum :— 


A MONOGRAPH OF THE CULICIDA, OR MOSQUITOES. 
Vol. IV. By FRED. V. THEOBALD, M.A. 16 Plates and 297 Text- 
figures. Price £1 12s. 6d. 


CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTERA PHALANA 
(MOTHS). Vol. VI. Noctuids (Cuculliane). By Sir G. F. HAMP- 
SON, Bart. 172 Woodeuts. Price 15s. Atlas of 12 Coloured Plates, 10s. 

These works can be purchased through the agency of Messrs. Longmans & Co., 
89, Paternoster Row, E.C.; Mr. B. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly, W.; and Messrs. 
Dulau & Co., 37, Soho Square, W.; or at the Museum, Cromwell Road, London. 


5.W. : : 
April 4th, 1907. EK. RAY LANKESTER, Dvrector. 4 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA, GABINETS, BOOKS, &c. 


Wednesday, May 15th, at One o’Clock. 


MR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Rooms, 38, King 
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.,- the COLLECTION of 
BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA formed by the late J. EH. Rogson, Ksq., 
F.E.S. Also a Small COLLECTION formed by R. H. Urwicx, Esq., 
together with the CABINETS in which they are arranged. BOOKS, &c. 
On view day prior 10 to 5 and morning of sale. Catalogues on applica: 
tion. 


JAMES GARDNER, 


MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, 
52, HIGH HOLBORN, anp 
29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road. 


PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. eS 


All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers — 
are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily. 


a Ns us Ace ee 1907 oF post free) should be sent to West, Newman € Co,, 
i seiiles _ 4, Hatton Garden, London. 


ee XL.] = —sSUNE, 1907. : ~ [No. 529. 
; THE 
ENTOMOLOGIST 
] Sy gy h 
AN 
Illustrated Journal | 


OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S; 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERYL ADKIN, F.1.8. W._F. KIRBY, l'.L.8., V1.8. 

W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.8. 
EDWARDA. FITCH, F.i.S.,¥.E.8. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. 

F. W. FROHAWE, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.8., &e, 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.4E.S. 


“By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”’ 


LONDON: 
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Liirep. 


Price Sixpence. V/A 


i i 1) | 
4 eg 4 MAT ie 
TARAQY 


is & W. DAVI S Coa) = 
MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, de, : 


31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. a 


Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). 1/- ; with Brass bai cities Fold- . 
4 


ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding Kite Nets (4), 2/6, 3/6 & 4/65 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3 -joint cane (5), 3]/-; gilt (6), 3/65 
Sugaring Nets (7), ve & 3/-. Pocket Boxes, 6d., od srk fey Tt OF 
zine oval do., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, od. ; RO: compart- 
ments, 1/-. Setting Boards, oval, 1- in. 6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d., 
2$-in, 1/-, 3-in. 1/2, 34-in. 1/4; flat do. same price: Cork 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear 
Essence, 3d. bottle. “Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. bottle. 
Chip Boxes, 4.doz, 7d., 1/6 gross. - Forceps, 1/6 pair, Glass- 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz. Naphthaline, 4-lb. 
tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d. & 1/- box ; black do., 
1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 by 10 4/-, 16 
by 115/-, 173 by 12 6/-.. Larve Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double do., 
3/6. Leno, 4d. yard.. Postage extra. Full Illustrated Cata- 
logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, 
Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, ~ 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered 
and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &c., &c., 
2d. post free. 


Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 2/6 1,000 
specimens on application. “Larve Collector's Guide and 
Calendar,” 1/-. “Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. “Egg Col- 
lector’s Guide and Calendar,” 1/-. “ Bird Stuffing and Mount- 
ing,” illustrated, 1/-. -Naturalist's Year Book, 1/-. “Data” 
Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. 
or British Birds do., /- each. The Naturalist’s Quarterly 


NET , Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 26 
NETS were annum} specimen copy 4d. Label List of British, Macro- 
FRAMES _ inclines: epidoptera, 6d.. Reference do., 3d. Butterfly do. only, 2d 


Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet. Exchange Lists, 8d. doz. 

FERTILE OVA.—Per dozen.—Autumnaria, Castrensis, Rufina, Tetralunaria, 4d. 
Hirtaria, 3d. S$. Populi, 4d. 

HEALTHY PUPA, each.—Machaon, Ligustri, Populi, Orion, 3d. Tilise, Versi- 
color, HEuphorbie, Pulchellata, 4d. Porcellus, 5d. Togata, 8d. 

LARV4e.—Per dozen.—Caja, 9d. Dominula, 6d. Villica, 1s. 6d. . Pavonia, Is. 

Good series of P. Dispar (Large Copper). Apply for price and particulars. 

‘The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. Price to Subscribers, 5s.; after publication, 6s. 

Egg-drills and Blowpipe, with instructions, Is. 


DUPLICATES. 


HE attention of Collectors is directed to a means by which their Duplicates can be 
put to a truly artistic and permanent use (to form pictures and for general decora- 
tive purposes) by having them mounted in the 


DENTON PATENT AIRTIGHT BUTTERFLY TABLETS. 


Fach insect is perfectly set by experts in a pure white, shallow cast, fitted with glass top. 
The beauties of the specimens are thus shown to the best advantage, while the Tablets 
can be handled to any extent without the slightest injury. 


AWARDED GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXHIBITION. 
Thousands are supplied annually to Royalty, Museums, Collectors, Colleges, Artists 
and Art Schools, at home and abroad. 


Samples 3s. 6d., 6s., and 10s., post free to any part of the world, or parcels sent — 


for selection. 
Special drop-in fumed oak Frames to fit all tablets for use as pictures. 


t= Owing to the extreme difficulty of adequately describing these articles, a personal 


visit, where possible, would be esteemed by the ParmntErs anp Sonr Mounters— 


SHELLEY W. DENTON & CO., 99, Regent Street, London, W. 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 


A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to. 


H W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, 


The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. - 


EXCHANGE. 


rs Duplicates. “— Cardamines, Rhamni,* Paphia, Selene, Polychloros,* To,* 
 Atalanta,* Sibylla, Hgon, Corydon, Argiolus, Lineola, Actzon, Sylvanus, Dominula.* 
Desiderata.—Fine Machaon, Sinapis, C-Album, Cassiope, Megera, Rubi, Salmacis, 


Bellargus, Minima, Lucina, Tages, and many others. — Charles J. Bellamy; 
Poulner, Ringwood, Hants. 
Duplicates. — Larve of Versicolor. Imagines: Dahli, Lariciata, Hectus, 


Populata, and many others. Desiderata.~—Numerous common species to replace. 
W. C. Wells; ‘* Helmside,” Erdington, near Birmingham. 

Duplicates. —British Macro- Lepidoptera, well-set on black pins. Desiderata.— 
European and Exotic Rhopalocera; in papers preferred. Correspondence desired 
with students in other countries.—H. B. Browne, M.A.; Hymer’s College, Hull, 

England. 

‘Desiderata.—Fertile females or ova of Lithosia, Pygmmola, Sericea, and ‘Com- 
plana. Will make a good return.—H. M. Hdelsten; Forty Hill, Enfield. 

Duplicates.—Pupe : Cucullina, Orion, Coryli, Curiula, Daenta Orbicularia, 
Fascelina. Desiderata.—Living imagines: Sinapis, C-Album, Lucina; also well- 
set Adippe, Minima, Argiolus, many Acidalia, and Eupithecia.—H. W. Head; 
Scarborough. 

Duplicates.—lL. Hera pup from wild insects. Desiderata.—Larve or pupe of 
equal value. Replies only to accepted offers.—Alfred lH’. Holdaway; Newton Abbot. 

Duplicates.—Chrysalids of Aporia cratzegi: also imagos (Kast Kent). Deside- 

_ rata—tLocal species for renewals, Scoparia, &c.—T'. P. Barrett ; St. John’s Villas, 
_ Margate. 
Duplicates. — Aigon, H. Comma, Statices, Hectus, Villica, Salicis, Dispar, 
- Prunaria, Angularia, Pilosaria, Crepuscularia, Punctulata, Vernaria, Punctaria, 
- Luteata, Rusticata, Osseata, Ornata, Emarginata, Temerata, Strigillaria, Gilvaria, 
Ocellata, Procellata, Tersata, Vitalbata, Corylata, Pyraliata, Palumbaria, Spartiata, 
‘Spinula, Straminea (fair), Phragmitidis, Nictitans var. Paludis, Abjecta (fair), 
Anceps, Ophiogramma, Nigricans, Tritici, Serena, Lutulenta (fair), Ochroleuca 
(fair), Dentina, Moneta,* Luctuosa, Barbalis, Tarsipennalis (fair), Terrealis (1), 
Palealis (types), Warringtonellus, Carnella, Cribrella, Zoegana, Bennettii, and 
many others. Desiderata. — Numerous to extend, especially Iris, most Clear- 
wings, Ligniperda, and offers, A very liberal return given for selected insects.— 
H. Huggins ; 13, Clarence Place, Gravesend. 

Duplicates. — Larvie “Ribesiaria, or imagines. Desiderata,—Ova or larve, 
Chamomille.—Mrs. Holmes, Ruthven, Sevenoaks. 

Wanted, a good collection of postage-stamps. Offer for same, a long series of 
Diurnal Lepidoptera from United States, Central and South America.—Levi W. 
Mengel ; Boys’ High School, Reading, Penn., U.S.A. 


CHANGE or Appress.— Wm. Buckley, from 63, Shrewsbury Street, Old Trafford, 
to 79, Roseneath Road, Urmston, Cheshire. 


To CoRRESPONDENTS.—AIl notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of 
exchange should be sent to the Kditor— 


RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


New and Revised Edition. Price. Is. 6d., Postage 2d. 


The Insect Hunter’s Companion 


2 INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
. COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING, 

, | ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. : 

& By the late Rey. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN. 


WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. 


NO MORE INSECT BITES, 
‘¢TERRIFLY ” — : 


IS A SURE PREVENTATIVE AGAINST ALL INSECT BITES. 
It is used most successfully by Hntomologists in England and Colonies. 
Bottles 1s. each. Post free, 4s. 2d. Two bottles, 2s. 3d. 


Invented by Mr. Wm. ManssripGe, F.E.S., and suppled only by SIDNEY W. 
DAWSON, Manuracturing Curemist, West Norwoop, §.E. 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS 


J. T; CROCKETT & SON, 


(Eatablighed 1847,) 
MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 
Strore-Boxns, APPARATUS and APPLIANOKES, and Dealers in all kinds of 
8pxcimkns for ENTomOLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MINR. 
sLoaists, NumMismaTistTs, OoNcHOLOaISTS, &o., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 
Teachers, Colleges, Students, &o. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
Oapiner for Birvs' Eeas and Sxins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are ail 

imterchangeable. ALL Bust Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 

All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing dtreot with Makers, 
Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. 

PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 


Ton; 
¥aotories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM tn ENGLAND 


Genuine British Species only Stocked. 
Ova, Larve, Pup, and finest set insects in sreat quantity. 


Pricé Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


AS LIONEE CLAR We 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 
CYUPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches ve 


Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 
BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &e., kept 


in stock in large quantities. 
The largest stock of Eacs in England to select from, including many very rare 


species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with, 
Revised List of British Lepiporprera, now ready, post fr. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


TaxipERmy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants. 
Fnll general Catalogue and Special List of Ecas and Sxins, post free. 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


TKINS . & DONCASTER 


DRaturaltata and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. 
Plain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 3d., 28., 28.6d. Folding Nets, 


88. 6d., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self- acting), 78. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d- 
~ Zine Relaxing Boxes, 94., 1s., 1s. 6d., 28. Nested Chip Boxes, 7a, per four dozen. 


Entomological Pins, Caaivtstl or ined: Is., ” 6d. per 02, Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d. 
to 88. Sngaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., ‘Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 
ls. 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, wake sathne ‘colle: 2s. 6d., 48., ds., 6s. Setting 


- Boards, fiat or oval, lin., 6d.; 14 in:, 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 2}in., 18.3 34 in., 1s. 4d.; 


4 in., 1s, 6d.; 5 in., 1s. 10a.; ‘Complete Set of foariken Boards, 10s, 6d. Setting 
Houses, 9s. 6d., fis, 6d. 3 sorked back, 14s. Zine Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
Breeding Cage, "as, 6d., 48., 58., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 


1s. 6d., 18, 8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s.6d., 2s. 9d., 3s. 6d., 48. 6d. 


Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 2s. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Oases, 
2s. Gd. to lls. Cement for replacing Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 


~ Ig. 6d., 28., 2s, 6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 34, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen 


sheets. Brass Chioroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Leng, ls. to 8s. Glass- -top and 
Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 9d., 1s, Pupa 
Digger, in leatlrer sheath, 1s. 9d. ‘Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for ners 10s. 6d. Sealpels, 1s. 3d.; Scissors, 2s. per 
pair; lgg-drills, 2d., 3d., ; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Byes for Birds and 
Animals: ; Label- liste: of euch Butterflies, 2d.; ditto of Birds’ Eggs, 2d., 3d., 6d. ; 
ditto of Land and Fresli-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Bees, Bo. 
The WAND THLESCOPIC: NET_—Ani innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. If is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A yery compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
be pleased to send on approval. sees 


Bere OOM . BOR. GAB 1 Nie TS 


Of every description for Insncrs, Birps’ Kaas, Coins, MicroscopicaL OsBsects, 
Fossits, &c. Oatalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 
A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGsg’ 
(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIQ), 
Birde, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
36 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors.from Cuanrina Cross). 


HERBERT W. MARSDEN, 


NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 
38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
c Moderate Prices. 
Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &e. 
Botanical Gases, Drying Paper, &c.—British & Exotic Shells. 
‘Tue MosT RELIABLE Sock or BIRDS’ SKINS any BIRDS’ EGGS 1n Brrrain. 
New and Second-hand Books. — Exchange and Label Lists, 
Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. 
N,B.—Mr. Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous 
useful lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- 


- tionally low. prices. Lists on application., 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several 

hundred preserved Larye. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also 
Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &c. Thirty to fifty per cent. under 
usual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. 


| FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Douete month 


“CONTENTS. 9° oe ge 
New African Zygwnide, Dr. K. ‘Jordan, t21-° Notes: ¢ on Collecting during 2000, a 
(Rev.) W. G. Whittingham, 128. Collecting Lepidoptera in the Lake District — 
in 1902, 1903, and in 1905, 1906, A. H. Foster, 130. Notes on the increase in — 
numbers of Lepidoptera- Rhopalocera i in Mauritius (Captain) B. Tulloch, 183, a 
New American Bees.—III., 7’. D. A. Cockerell, 185. ~~ 
NNoTes AND OBSERVATIONS. =Acronyeta tridens and psi, (Rev.) WwW. Clason. 138. : 
CapruREs AND Fiutp Reporrs,~-Halesus radiatus, W. J. Lucas, 138. vane 
cardui, W. J. Lucas, 138. Cyaniris argiolus i in North-west London, Hamilton. 
H. Druce, 138. Scarcity of Larve in Season 1907, H. Huggins, 188. oS 
Socreties, —Entomological Society of London, 139. ‘The South London Entomo- 
logical and Natural History Society, 140. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomo- : 
logical Society, 141. Birmingham Entomological Society, 142. . of. 
Recent LITERATURE, 142. 


4 > al 


Sk ay ait 


iets 
Pes 


g pee tates daetae aN ii ksibts 2 


A CATALOGUE OF THE 


LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND 


By W. F. De VISMES KANE, M-A., F.E.S., &e. , 


This cloth-bound volume contains 166 pages, and a Coloured Plate, preceded by an 
Introduction, in which questions of climate, soil, &c., and their influence upon local — 
distribution, are considered. Price 5s. ., postage 4d. 3 


EXPERIMENTS ON - THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA 


By Dr. AUGUST’ WEISMANN. 


- Translated from the German by W. H. Nicuonson, F'.H.S. This very interesting paper 
appeared in seven numbers of the ‘Entomologist’ in 1896, and occupies 60 pages in 
its more convenient form as a separate pamphlet. Price 1s. ba postage Id 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEM PERATURE 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF 1898. 
By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp. ‘37 pages and four fine half- ton 
Plates. Price 1s., postage 1d. 


LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C. 


NO ey eA Pye ete ite ee meee 


y Rapa: Re 
eee ES) ae ee ee 


FLOR SALE.—A Pair of well-made 20- drawer Cabinets, — 
glass ground doors, £13, or £6 15s. each. Also a ee 
of 12- drawer Cabinets, £3 15s. each. : 


“ CABINETS,” West, Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, Londohi. 


JAMES GARDNER, 


MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS. 


52, HIGH HOLBORN, anp se 
29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road. oa 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. es 


All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers 
are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily. 


8. ey on 1907 Ae post free) should be sent to West, Newman é& Co., va : 
64, Hatton Garden, London. 


A) Vol. i «JULY, 1907. ~~ ——_—_—[No. 530. 
af THE 

| ENTOMOLOGIST 

; Mlustrated Journal 1 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBBERY! ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, I.L.8., F.E.8. 

W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.58. 
EDWARDA. FITCH, F.L.8.,F.E.8. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. 

F. W.FROHAWE, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.8:, &c. 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. | G@. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. 


‘sBy mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”' 


LONDON: 

WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CQ..Lgrep. 
AG CONGRES 
Price Sixpence. SS oN 


4 7210 
F gUL-TB190", 


MANUFACTURERS oF ee APPARATUS, ao, 
31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. 


Butteey Nets (Fig. 1). 1/-; with Brass Yy (0), ase Fold- <7 
ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding Kite Nets (4), 2/6, 3/6 & 4/63 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint cane (5), 3/-; 4-joint (6), art 
Sugaring Nets fos 2/6 & 3/-. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; 
zinc oval do., 9 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, od. ; 2 compart- ar 
ments, 1/-. Betting Boards, oval, 1-in. 6d., 14-in. 8d., -2-in. 10d., 
2}-in. 1/-, 3-in. 1/2, 34-in. 1/4; flat do. same price. Cork 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear 
Essence, 3d. bottle.“ Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. boitle, 
Chip Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6-gross. - Forceps, 1/6 pair. Glass=~ 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes. nested, 2/2 doz. Naphthaline, 4-lb. 
tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d~& 1/- box ; black do., 
1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 by 10.4/-, 16 
by 11 5/-, 173 by 12 6/-. Larvee Cages, 2/-, 2/6.;. double do. — 
3/6, Leno, 4d. yard. Postage extra. Full Illustrated. Cata- 
logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, 
: Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered | 
and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Boks, &e., eee ; 
2d. post free. 


Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording 2/6 1,000 ~ 
specimens on application. ‘“Larvz Collector's Guide ‘and } 
Calendar,” 1/-. “ Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. “Egg, Col- 
lector's Guide and Calendar,” 1/-, _“ Bird Stuffing and Mount- - 
ing,” illustrated, 1/-. Naturalist's Year Book, 1/-. “Data’? 
Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. 

7 or British Birds do., 1/- each. The Naturalist’s Quarterly “y 
NET = Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2/6 _ 
NETS per Tees Pecimes GePy 4d. Label List of British Macro- 
epidoptera, eference do., 3d. Butterfly do. only, 2d 
FRAMES INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, rd. per sheet. Mae anes Gas. 8d. 5 Aa 


FERTILE OVA.—Per ‘dozen. —Autumnaria, Castrensis, Rufina, Tetralunaria, 4d. 
Hirtaria, 3d. §. Populi, 4d. 

HEALTHY PUPA, each.—Machaon, Ligustri, Populi, Orion, W-Album, 3d. Tiliz, 
Versicolor, Euphorbie, Pulchellata, 4d. Porcellus, 5d. Togata, 8d. 

LARVE.—Per dozen.—Caja, 94. Dominula, 6d. Villica, 1s. 6d.  Pavonia, 1s. 

Good series of P. Dispar (Large Copper). Apply for price and particulars. 

‘The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. Price to Subscribers, 5s.; after pephenisen: 6s. 

Egg-drills and Blowpipe, with instructions, 1s. 


DUPLICATES. — 


HE attention of Collectors is directed toa means by which their Duplicates can be 
put to a truly artistic and permanent use (to form pictures and for general decora- 
tive purposes) by having them mounted in the 


DENTON PATENT AIRTIGHT BUTTERFLY TABLETS. 


Each insect is perfectly set by experts in a pure white, shallow cast, fitted with glass” top. 
The beauties of the specimens are thus shown to the best advantage, while the Tablets 
can be handled to any extent without the slightest injury. 


AWARDED GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXHIBITION. 

Thousands are supplied annually to Royalty, Museums, Collectors, Colleges, Artists 
and Art Schools, at home and abroad. a 

Samples 3s. 6d., 6s., and 10s., post free to any part of the world, or parcels sent — 

for selection. y; 
Special drop-in fumed oak Frames to fit all tablets for use as pictures. ee. 
t= Owing to the extreme difficulty of adequately describing these articles, a personal a 
visit, where possible, would be esteemed by the Parmnrmes anp Sonn MountEers— 


i 


SHELLEY W. DENTON & CO., 99, Regent Street, London, W. 4 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 


A ae Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to 


H W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH; 
The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. 
Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CaBinets, &c., sent on application a 


2S BS a et Ee Ne a ae ne 


EXCHANGE. 

[The publication of Notices of Exchange, or of Advertisements, in the ‘Entomologist’ — 
is in no way a guarantee for the British nationality, authenticity, or good condition of 
the Species. This Notice is not given to throw doubt on the bona fides of Exchangers or 
Advertisers, but to absolve the Editor trom responsibility, in case the liberty allowed should 
be abused.] Marked * are bred. 

Duplicates.—Larve of Vinula. Desiderata.—Very numerous larve and pupe. 
E. Petrie; 56, Brunswick Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester. 

Duplicates.—Pupex of L. Caniola. Desiderata.—Many set imagines in good 
condition, on black pins: or pupe.—P. P. Milman; Cyprina, Paignton, South 
Devon. >: » 

Duplicates.—Nigricans, Tritici, Vestigialis, Rumicis, Megacephala, Lutosa, Chi, 
Matura, Spadicea, Triplasia, Piniperda, Cruda, Rubricosa. Instabilis, Stabilis, 
Gothica, Macilenta, Libatrix, N. Rubi, C-Nigrum. Desiderata.—To extend; Or, 
Scolopacina, Reticulata, Cespitis, Abjecta, Furva, Connexa, Leucostigma, Alsines, 
Cinerea, Aquilina, Stigmatica, Interjecta, Tripartita, Ochroleuca, Capsophila, 
Advena, Glyphica, Fasciuncula.—J. A. Finzi; 53, Hamilton Terrace, N.W. 

Duplicates.—Ova: Menthastri, Temerata, Pudibunda. Larve: G. Rhamni, 
Pulveraria, Temerata, Adustata, Suffumata; all from wild parents. Desiderata. 
Numerous set insects, especially Elpenor and Bombyces, in good condition.— 
FF, Pope; 11, Portland Street, Newtown, Exeter. 

Duplicates.—Pupex of Subtusa, laerv of Nana, Rubricosa.—J. FE. R. Allen; 
Portora, Enniskillen, Ireland. 

Duplicates.—Larve of Ocellatus. Desiderata.—Larve of Elpenor and many 
others.— Vicar, Batheaston, Bath. 

Duplicates.— Pup: Moneta. Desiderata.—Crategi, Cassiope, Iris, C-Album, 
Athalia, Betule, Pruni, Paniscus; and very many moths.—Guy EH. H. Peskett ; 
Simla, Preston, Brighton. 

Duplicates.—Pupz: Lonicera. Desiderata.—I1o, Cardui, Atalanta, Galatea, 
Sibylla, Edusa, Bellargus, and many other Diurni.—A. G. Angell; 2, Waverley 
Street, Groves Lane, York. 


CHANGE oF ADDRESS.—John Peed, Junr., from Rose House, Worcester, to 
Horsegate, Whittlesey, near Peterborough. 


To CORRESPONDENTS.—AIl notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of 
exchange should be sent to the Editor— 
RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


Feap. 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 160 pp. + blanks for Notes. 2s. 6d. 


A Pocket=book of British Birds. 


By HE. F. M. ELMS: 


With Description of British Species and Distinguishing Characters; 
Habits; Food; Language or Song; Nest and Eggs. 


NEW ZEALAND MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES. 
By G. V. HUDSON, F.E.S. 


Royal 4to. Cloth Extra, bevelled boards, gilt tops. Two Plain and Eleven 
Coloured Plates, in best style, containing more than 500 Figures. 


Only a few copies of this splendid work remain in stock, which are now offered at 
15s. net. (published at £1 5s.). 


London: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, Hatton Garden, E.C. 


NO MORE INSECT BITES. 
‘¢ TERRIFLY ”’ 


IS A SURE PREVENTATIVE AGAINST ALL INSECT BITES. 
It is used most successfully by Entomologists in England and Colonies. 
Bottles 1s. each. Fost free, 1s. 2d. Two bottles, 2s. 3d. 


Invented by Mr. Wm. ManssrivGE, F'.E.S., and supplied only by SIDNEY W 
DAWSON, Manuracturine CHEmist, West Norwoop, 8.E. 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. 


J. T. CROCKETT & SON, 


(Established 1847,) 

MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 
Store-Boxses, AppaRaTus and AppLianogs, and Dealers in all kinds of 
SPECIMENS for ENTOMOLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MingR- 
ALoaists, NumisMATISTSs, OoNcHOLoaiIsTs, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 
Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
OapineT for Birps’ Kaas and Skins. The Drawers graduate in depth and are ail 

imterchangeable. Attu Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 

All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. 
Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. 
Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 
Factories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 


Genuine British Species only Stocked. 
Ova, Larve, Pupe, and finest set insects in great quantity. 


Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


A. LION EL CAR 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 
UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 


@\ 
by) Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 
BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, k&c., kept 


in stock in large quantities. 
The largest stock of Eaas in England to select from, including many very rare 


species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 
Revised List of British LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post fr. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


Taxipermy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants, 
Full general Catalogue and Special List of Eaas and Sxins, post free. 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


4 
Ee. 
Se 
3 
a 
a 


‘KINS & “DONCASTER, 


Davucsliae Sua Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. — 
Pain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 3d., 28., ¥8.6d. Kolding Nets 


88. 6d., 4s. Uinbrella Nets (self-acting), 7s. Pooket eons 6d., 9d., 1Is., 1s. 6d- 
~ Zine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., ls., 1s. 6d., 28. Nested Chip Boxes, 7d. per four dozen: 


Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, ls., 1s. 6d. ver oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d. 


to 88. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 


1s. 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. td., 48., 5s., 6s. Setting 
Boards, flat or oval, Tin., 6d.; 141in.; 8d:; 2in-:,10d.; 24im., 18.3 84 in., 1s: 4d. ; 
4 in., is. 6d.; 5 in., ls. 10d.; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. Setting 
Houses; 9s. 6d., Lis: 6d.3 dorked back, 148. Zinc Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
Breeding Ouge, "Os, 6d., 48., 5s., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 


18. 6d., 1s. 8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., 28, 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s, 6d. 


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2s. Gd. to lls. Cement for replacing ‘Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
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~ Glass-bottomed Boxes from Is. per dozeu. Zine Killing Box, 91., 1s. Pupa 
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y 


pair; Wge-drills, 2d., 3d., 9d.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and * 
Animals; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d.; ditto of Birds’ Hggs, 2d., 3d., 6d. ; 
ditto of Land and Fresli-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, liggs, ke. 


The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 


- and bulk. Prices.— With two joints, 8s. 6d. ; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 


joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
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Serio VW. sR OO Me. ROR: -CeAcB I-Nee TS 


Of every description for Insects, Birps’ Kaas, Coins, Microscopical OBJEcTs, 
Fossits, &e. Catalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 


A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS EGGS 
(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


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New and Revised Edition. Cloth. Price 1s. 6d., Postage 2d. 


The Insect Hunter’s Companion 


INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. 
By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN, 


WEST, NEWMAN & CO.; 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. 


RITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. - Several 
hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
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CONTENTS. pee coe 
Life-history of Chrysophanus dispar var. rutilus, F. W. Frohawk, 145. 
the Rearing of Leaf-insects in Captivity (continued), W. H. St. Quintin, 1 
Description of a New Genus and Species of the Subfamily Clytrini (Phyto- 
phagous Coleoptera) from Australia, Martin Jacoby, 148. Butterflies observed — 
during a short tour in Southern France in May, 1907, H. Rowland- Brown, 
149. “Collecting Lepidoptera in the Lake District in 1902, 1903, and in 1905, — 
1906 (concluded), A. H. Foster, 153. Description of Two New Species 
belonging to the Family Nymphalide, Emily Mary Sharpe, 155. Notes on 
Collecting during 1906 (concluded), W. G. Whittingham, 156. Current Notes, a 
G. W. Kirkaldy, 159. Tortrix pronubana, Hb., Double-brooded in Britain, 
Robert Adkin, 162. eS x 
Nores AND OBSERVATIONS, 163. CAPrURES AND FinLD Reports, 164,- 
Societies, 166. Recent Lirerature 168. OBITUARY, 168. - 


A CATALOGUE OF THE 


LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND 


By W. F. De VISMES KANE, M.A., F.E.S., &c. 


This cloth-bound volume contains 166 pages, and a Coloured Plate, preceded by an- 
Introduction, in which questions of climate, soil, &c., and their influenee upon local 
distribution, are considered. Price 5s., postage 4d. : 


EXPERIMENTS ON THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA — 


By Dr. AUGUST WEHISMANN. 


Translated from the German by W. E. Nicuoxson, F.E.S. This very interesting paper 
appeared in seven numbers of the ‘Entomologist’ in 1896, and occupies 60 pages in 
its more convenient form as a separate pamphlet. Price 1s., postage 1d. 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPERATURE 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF 1898. 
By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp. 37 pages and four fine half-tone 
Plates. Price 1s., postage 1d. 


LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C. 


BUYERS of all kinds of INSHCTS, BEBTLES, 
SCORPIONS, CHAMELEONS, SPIDERS, in aleohol. 
PLEASE WRITE TO— 


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JAMES GARDNER, 


MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS. | 
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ENTOMOLOGIST 


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numerous others.—S. A Wallis; 64, Melton Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham. 4 

Duplicates. —V. Album,” Artemis, To,* Repandata,* Lanestris,* Dominula,* 
Triangulum,* Nigra, Putrescens, Lucernea, Carpophaga,* Lichenea,* larve of 
Ambigua and Rubidata, &ce. Desiderata.—Iris, C. Album, Fagi, Nubeculosa, 
Cucullina, Dicteoides, Dodonea, Muscerda, Pygmeola, Senex, old British and 
Colonial stamps, &c.—J. Walker ; 3, Goodwin Terrace, Carlton Road, Torquay. ae 

Duplicates.—Ova: Repandata (fine Southern var.). Larve: india Temerata, 
Rivata, Rubidata, Menthastri, Villica, Lanestris. Pupe: Galiata, Adustata. Desi- 
derata.—Croceago,* Citrago,* Aurago,* Oo, Palacea, and numerous others in good 
condition.—F’. Pope; 11, Portland Street, Newtown, Exeter. 

Duplicates.—Salicis, Tanthina,’* Moneta.* Pup: Filipendule. Desidorate 
Larve: Elpenor, Oceliatus, Vinula, Machaon.—(Rev.) EH. Everett; Markyate 
Dunstable. 

Duplicates.—Bucephala,* Palpina,* Oleracea,* Remutaria, Petraria, and Obe- 
liscata. Desiderata.—Numerocus. Noctue.—Stanley A. Blenkarn ; A4, Romola 
Road, Tulse Hill. 

Duplicates.—Larve of Tristata, Lunaria, Cambricaria, dark Bidentata, Con- 
tigua, small larve of Ditrapezium (black),-and Ashworthii (both emerge this year 
if kept warm). Pupz of Ruberata. Imagines: Salmacis. Desiderata, — Ova 
(wild only): Angularia. Pupzx: Zonaria, Hispidaria, Hirtaria, living females of 
P. Napi from Ireland.—H. Harrison ; The Avenue, Birtley, R.S.O., Durham. 

Duplicates. Larve: 8. Ligustri. Desiderata.—Larve: Ocellatus, Tiliz, &c., 
and very many moths.—Guy H. H. Peskett ; Simla, Preston, Brighton. 

Duplicates.—Ashworthii,* Liturata,* var.  Nigrofulvata (dark ee, Larvee 
of N. Dictzwa and E. Tiharia. Desiderata. —Lapponaria, & v¢.—J. Arkle ; 2, George 
Street, Chester. 

Duplicates.—Pupe : Cracee. Young larve: Gonostigma (emerge in September). 
Desiderata.—Crategi, Athalia, C-Album, Pruni; and offers in imagines and pupe. 

G. B. Olwer ; Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. 

Duplicates. — Ova: Monsta: Iota, Ribesiaria. Larve: Villica, Pudibunda, 
Lubricipeda, Pupz: Polychloros, Verbasci. Desiderata.—Lychnitis, Interroga- 
tionis, Consonaria, Cursoria.—Mrs. Holmes; Ruthven, Sevenoaks. 


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necessary implements. for skinning, 10s, 6. Scalpels, 1s. 3d.; Scissors, 2s. per 
pair; Ige-drills, 2d., 3d., 9d.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
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ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, ko. 

The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An ij innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
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JUST OUT.—New and Revised Edition. Cloth. Price 1s. 6d., Postage 2d. 


The Insect Hunter’s Companion 


INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING 
ENTOMOLOGICAL. SPECIMENS. 
By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN, 


WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several 
hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL 
- BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also 
Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &c. Thirty to fifty per cent. under. 
usual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. 


FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth, 


CONTE N TS. He aN gc 


an 


Notes on the Genus Bupithecia, Lowis B. "Piouk, 169. tte viatory of Obie ‘ 
phanus dispar var. rutilus, FP. W. Frohawk, 175. On the Braconidous _ * 
_Cryptogastres, Claude Mor ley ATA Bibliographical Note on. some Js avanese — 
“Saccharicolous Thysanoptera, G. W. Kirkaldy, 184. 

NovrEes AND OBSERVATIONS.—Note on the Dispersal of Butterflies, N. Manders: 185. 

: The Hawaiian Entomological Society, 186. Note on the Larva of Bootes 
rbamnata, Schiff., H. Leonard Sich, 186. Porthesia chrysorrhea, H. Rowland- 
Brown, 186. The Trophonius Form of Papilio cenea, G. F. Leigh, 187. On 
the’ Discovery of the Food-plant of Aciptilia (Buckleria) paludum, VAS i reais 
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 187. ‘The Entomological Club, 188. ag 

Caprures aANp Firvip Reports.—Aniphidasys var. doubledayaria in Northampton 
shire, N. Charles Rothschild, 189, _ Sesia andreniformis Bred, J; Ovenden, 189. =e 
Colias edusa in the Isle of Wight, John Wright, 189, Sphinx econvolvuli in ee 2 
of Wight, Awdry Dobrée, 189. Plusia moneta at Burton-on-Trent, A. Cl. 
Hayward, 189. Cherocampa celerio in North Cornwall, G. B. Oliver, 189, 
Note on Dianthoecia Inteago var. ficklini, G. B. Olwer, 190. Stauropus fagi in 
Warwickshire, Hubert Langle y; 190. Papilio machaon in North Lincolnshire. 

F. W. Sowerby, 190. Bas 

Socrerres, 190. REcENT LITERATURE 192. 


A .CATALOGUE OF THE 


LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND | 


By W. ¥F. De VISMES. KANE, M.A., F.ES., &e. 


This cloth-bound volume contains 166 pages, and a Coloured Plate, preceded by an 
Introduction, in which questions of climate, soil, &e., and their influence upon local 
distribution, are considered. Price 5s., postage 4d. Ge! 


EXPERIMENTS ON THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA 


By Dr. AUGUST WEISMANN. 


Translated from the German by W. E. Nicuonson, F.E.8. This very interesting paper 
-appeared in seven numbers of the ‘Entomologist’ in 1896, and occupies 60 pages in 
its more convenient form as a separate ‘pamphlet. Price 1s., postage 1d. ; 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPERATU RE 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF 1898. 
By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp. 37 pages and four fine half-tone- 
’ Plates. Price 1s., postage 1d. 


LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN &.CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, E. Gy 


ME: HOWARD ASHTON, of THe Guten, Bonpi, SYDNEY, 
New Sourn Wates, wishes to get into communica- 
tion with some collector of the HOMOPTERA, with a view 
to exchange Australian species for any others—particularly 
European “and African—in the Famtny CICADIDAS. 


seer 

JAMES GARDNER, "| 
MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS. 4 
59,- HIGH “HOLBORN? anp2.. =: ; a 

29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Rose: 
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All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Pueide and Customers a 
are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily. 


a 


x 


Sisal ay Ter 1907 (6s. post free) should be sent to West, Newman 4 Co., 
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| vo xn) smpremmen, 1907. vo, son, | 
al THE 
| ENTOMOLOGIST 
2 eae Yournal 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY “RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 


e "WITH THE \sSSISTANCE OF 


~ ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. | W. F. KIRBY, F.L.8., F.E.S. 
W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.S. 


EDWARD A.FITCH,F.L.S.,F.E.S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S, 
F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c, 
MARTIN. JACOBY, ¥.E.S. | G, H. VERRALL, F.E.S. ; 


“By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made."’ 


LONDON: 
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SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & OC 3 


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eta 


EXCHANGE. 


Duplicates. —TIo,* Semele, Tithonus, Dispar,* Luteata, Wavaria,* Ulmata 
Aiscularia,* Rubiginata, Fulvata, Flavicornis, Rumicis, Rurea, Gemina, Brunnea,* 
N. Rubi,* Baia,* "Rubricosa, Cerago,* Nebulosa, Dentina, Typica,* &c. Deside- 
rata.—Very numerous.—G. Fleming; 9, Fairview Terrace, Merthyr Tydfil. 

Duplicates. —Hdusa, Galatea, Tearus, Corydon, Argiolus, Lineola, H. Comma, 
5. Ligustri,* Elpenor* (a few), Populi,* Tiliw, Lutarella, Z. Trifolii, Prasinana,* 
Dominula,* Caia,* Lubricipeda,* Menthastri,* O. Dispar,* Pudibunda,* Neustria,* 
Flavicornis, Megacephala,* Impura, Pallens, Putris, Sublustris, Persicariz,* 
Suffusa, Augur,* Triangulnm,* Brunnea,* Festiva,* N. Rubi,* Baia,* Wimibria = 
Rubr.cosa, Gothica,* Incerta,* Lota, Rufina, Pistacina, Lunosa, ‘Satellitia, Fulvago,* 
Flavago,* Cireellaris, Oxycanthe, Trifolii,* Oleracea,* Ornithopus, Verbasort (6), 
Myrtilli,* Parthenias, Prunaria,* Bilunaria,* Tetralunaria* (a few), Bidentata,* 
Abietaria,* Repandata,* Consonaria,* Crepuscularia, Biundularia, Linearia,* 
Piniaria,* Grossulariata,* Sylvata, Leucophearia, Boreata, Albulata, Nanata,* Sub- 
notata,* Minutata,* Sobrinata,* Variata,** Galiata, Comitata.* ay = 5 W. Barker ; 
171, Gordon Road, Peckham, London, S.E. 

Duplicates. —S. Ligustri,* Caniola,* Mundana,* Dominula,* Caia,* Villica,* 
Potatoria,* Phragmitidis, Putris, N. Reticulata, Ambigua, Saucia, Flavicincta, 
Nigra, Genistz, Bilunaria,* Assimilata,* Exigua (types), ‘&e. Desiderata. —Nume- 
rous ; especially Sesia, Zygena, Lithosia, Drepana, Cucullia, and many Geometre. 
P. Milman; Cyprina, Paignton, Devon. 

Duplicates. — Galatea, Semele, Lucina, H. Comma, Lutarella (Pygmeola), 
Lurideola, Dominula,* Neustria,* Menthastri,* Megacephala,* Vestigialis, Sub- 
lustris, Triangulum,* Brunnea,* Festiva,* Baia,* Fimbria,* Gothica, Parthenias, 
Hepatica, Augur,* Myrtilli,* Prunaria,* Illunaria,* Gilvaria (male), Repandata,* 
Nanata,* Subnotata,* Minutata,* Comitata,* Abruptaria (third brood), Temerata, * 
Boreata, Luctuosa (5), Carnellan—F. Kingsman; 15, Stafford Street, Peckham, 
London, S.EH 

Duplicates.—Ova: Quercifolia. Young larve: Typica, Sambucaria. Pupe: 
Arundinis (Typhe), Gothica. Imagines: Aglaia, Galatea, Bellargus, Chaonia 
(male), Auscularia (male), Marginaria (male).—R. Swift; 5, Church Road, Burgess 
Avil. 

Duplicates. — Iris,“ Sibylla, Epiphron, Davus, Sinapis, Blandina, Artemis, 
Lucina, Artaxerxes, Argiolus, Convolvuli, Humuli (Shetland vars.), Velleda (Shet- 
land vars.), Melilota, Exulans, Quadra, Anachoreta,* Statices, Geryon, Globulariz, 
Chrysorrhea,* Hera,* Orion, Miniosa, Aurago, Gilvago, Xerampelina, Gemini- 
puucta (dark vars.), Gracilis (red vars.), Satyrata, Callunaria, Dodoneata,* 
Pusillata, Fuscantaria,* Salicata, Albulata var. Thules, Fasciaria,** Undulata,* 
Trepidaria, Albicillata, Revayana, Picearia, Literana, Thuleana, Staintoniaria.— 
P.M. Bright; Fairfield, Wimborne Road, Bournemouth. 

Duplicates.—Palearctic butterflies: Zapateri, Prieuri, &e. Desiderata.—British 
Betule, Artaxerxes, and Davus (in papers not objected). Must be well-set, good 
specimens, and preferably on black pins. —H. Rowland-Brown ; Harrow Weald. 

Duplicates.—Aurinia,* Urtice,* Tages, Castrensis,* Vinula,** Upsilon,* Pisi,* 
Lithorhiza, Triangulum,* Brunnea,* Instabilis,* Gothica, Oxyacanthe, Bucephala,* 
Lutosa (few), Pilosaria (males), Defoliaria, Prunaria,* Boreata, Juniperata, all on 
black pins; also pupe of Ocellatus and Pavonia. Desiderata.—Numerous.—J. B. 
Morris; 14, Ranelagh Avenue, Barnes. 

Duplicates.—Pastinum, Genista, Ceruleocephala, Micacea, Pistacina, Saucia, 
Cytherea, Derasa, Puta, Putris, Plecta, Testacea, Ianthina, Morpheus, N. Rubi, 
Testata, Umbratica, Nictitans, Chrysitis, Iota, Lunosa, Macularia, Obscuraria, 
Prunaria, Camelina, Dictea, Hamula, Falcula, Potatoria (male), Miniata, Pro- 
mutata, Bipunctaria, Asinalis, Zoegana, Hamana, Lemnalis. What offers ?—C. W. 
Williams ; Penarth. 

Duplicates.—Imagines: Senex, Lurideola, Griseola, Pudorina, Impura, Potatoria, 
Pallens, Comma, Putris, Popularis, Testacea, Arcuosa, Morpheus, Viminalis, 
Pedaria, A‘scularia, Marginata, Emutaria, Testata. Desiderata.—Very nume- 
rous.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. 

Duplicates. —Larve : Imitaria, Bisetata, Unangulata (few), Picata, Emarginata. 
pue N. Viridata (few), Temerata, Rivata, Adustata, Galiata, Rubidata. Imagos : 


Muralis (Variable). Desiderata.—Numerous ; especially ab eoes ae Pugs. —_ 
F’. Pope; 11, Portland Street, Newtown, Exeter. 

Duplicates. —Cespitis, Giaccoea, Fulva, Despecta, Moneta, Elpenor (6), Chaonia 
(a few pup of same), Sylvanus, Flavicornis, Repandata (darkish). All fine con- 
dition, black pins. Desiderata.—Numerous. Especially wanted: Testudo, Asellus, 
Berberata, Fumata, Immutata, Lignata, Cambricaria, Sylvata, Miata, Hispidus.— 
Percy Richards ; Wellesley, Queen's Road, Kingston ‘Hill. - 

ae —Similis,* eee Filipendulze,* Fascelina,* pupa of Jacobie.* 


Shore, Bisel 

Duplicates. —Filipendule. Imagines: Filipendule, Moneta, Salicis, lanthina,* 
Fimbria,* Orbona.* Larve: Salicis, Filipendule. Desiderata.—Larve: Pudi- 
bunda, Tiliw, Villica, Ligustri. Imagines: many Noctue.—H. Hverett; Mark- 
yate, Dunstable. 

Duplicates. —Corydon, Adonis, Lonicerse* (Filey), Cracce,* Dicteoides,* Sub- 
tusa,** Gothicina, Carbonaria, Marginatus,* Petrificata, and many others. Deside- 
rata. — Fine to renew. Sambucaria, Apiciaria, Obliquaria, and many other Geo- 
metre.—J. Maddison ; South Barley, Durham. 

Duplicates.—Geryon, Lonicere, Senex, Muscerda (a few), Stramineola, Men- 
dica,* Hera (4), Lanestris,* Neustria,** Versicolor (4), Pavonia, Cuculina (4), 
Dicteoides (4), Or, Diluta, Coryli, Flammea, Rufa, Straminea, Littoralis, Unani- 
mis, Blanda, Anomala, Lucernea, Fimbria,** Affinis, Diffinis, Sphinx, Arbuti, 
Argentula, Sulphuralis (6), Luctuosa, Strataria, Cinctaria (5), Omicronaria, Tri- 
geminata, Immutata, Brunneata (6), Salicata, Dotata, Associata, Latistrius, Uligi- 
nosellus, Adipellus, and others. Desiderata. — Pruni, Bombyliformis (narrow), 
Fluctuosa, Alni, Auricoma, Venosa, Sparganii, Furva, Stigmatica, Irregularis, 
Tincta, Advena, Bractea, Rotundaria, Tzniata, Pygmeata, Virgaureata, Trisignaria, 
Filigrammaria, Autumnaria, Lapidata, Dumetellus, Ericellus, Furcatellus, and 
others, and various in early stages.—(Rev.) A. Day; Malvern Link. 


CuancsEs oF Appress. — Mark A. Rollason, from Drummuie, Golspie, Suther- 
land, N.B., to ‘‘ Maisonette,” Westfield Road, Acock’s Green, Birmingham. 
J. Gardner, to Laurel Lodge, Hart, aes Hartlepool. 


To CORRESPONDENTS. aay notes, papers, books foe review, &e.; and none of 
exchange should be sent to the Editor— 
RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. 


J. T,; CROCKETT & SON, 


(Established 1847,) 


N AKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 

Storg-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANOgS, and Dealers in all kinds of 
3recIMENS for ENTomotoaists, Boranists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GzoLoGiIsTs, MINER. 
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Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
Oapingt for Birps' aes and Sxins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are ail 
interchangeable. Ait Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 


All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. 
Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. 
Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 
Factories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


OR SALE.—Healthy Larve and Pupe of BRITISH 
LEPIDOPTERA. Also very fine-set specimens of | 
nearly all the species, including many good, aberrant, and — 
local forms. : 
W. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Road, Colchester. 


ES 


WATKINS & DONCASTER, 
a Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets 
Plain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 3d., 4s., 28.6d. Wolding Nets» 
88. Gi., 4s, Umbrella Nets (self-acting), 7s. Poeket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6° 
‘Zine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d., 25. Nested Chip Boxes, 7d. per four dozen: 
Bntomological Pins, assorted or mixed, ls., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d° 
to 8s. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use 
is. 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 48., ds., 6s. Setting 
Bourds, flat or oval, 1 in., 6d.; 14$in., 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 2}in.,1s.; 34in., 1s. 4d.; 
4 in., 1s. 6d.; 5 in., 1s. 10d.; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. td. Setting 
Houses, 9s. 6d., 11s. 6d.; corked back, 14s. Zine Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
Breeding Onge, 28. 6d., 4s., 58., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 
Is. 6d., 1s. 8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., 28. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 2s. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Oases, 
2s. fid. to 11s. Cement for replacing Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
“Is. 6d., 2s., 2s.6d. per pair. Oabinet Cork, 7 by 34, best quality, 1s. 6d. per dozen 
‘sheets. Brass Chloroform Bottle, 28. 6d. Insect Lens, 1s. to 8s. Glass-top and 
~Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozeu. Zine Killing Box, 91.,°1s. Pupa 
Digger, in leather sheath, ls. 9d. Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6d. Scalpels, 1s. 8d.; Scissors, Ys. per 
pair; Mgg-drills, 2d., 30., 91.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
Animals; Labei-lists of British Butterflies, 2d.; ditto of Birds’ liggs, 2d., 3d., 6d.; 
ditto of Land and Ffresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, ke. 

- The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
be pleased to send on approval. 


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Genuine British Species only Stocked. 
Ova, Larve, Pup, and finest set insects in great quantity. 


Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 
RITISH LEPIDOPTERA.—Hera, Apiformis, Chaonea, 


Sobrina, Subsequa, Xerampelina, Moneta, 9d. each. Bombyliciformis 
(narrow border), Cribrum, Cucullina, Absynthii, Alternata, Nemoralis, Cili- 
-alis, Alpinalis, 6d. Quadra, Orion, Turea, Littoralis, Ochroleuca, Strami- 
neata, Hmutaria, 4d. Fuciformis, Meliloti, Testudo, Ambigua, Neglecta, 
Russula, Advenaria, Prunaria, Fasciaria, Psitticata, 3d. Lonicere, Undu- 
lanus, Geryon, Lacertula, Chrysorrheea, Palpina, Argentula, Farcula, Lite- 
rata, Consortaria, Betularia, 2d. Hundreds of otliers; selections on approval. 
Also 6 Cabinets at moderate prices. 


_ FORD, South View, West Southbourne, Bournemouth, 


CONTENTS. be Ene ee 
Variety of Melitea athalia var. eos, Haw., F. W. Frohawk, 193. Notes on pie! 
Butterflies of Digne, Gerard H. Patsy ee y, 194. Some Further Notes on the — 
Diurni of the Department of Aisne (France), W. G. Sheldon, 197. Notes on 
Lycena argiades, Pall. = amyntas, Hiibn. (Hon.) N. Charles "Rothschild, 199. 
Current Notes (New Series), G. W. Kirkaldy, 201. Notes on the Gennes 
Eupithecia (continued), Lowis B. Prout, 206. r 
NoTEs AND OxssERyATIons.—Tortrix pronubana, Hb., at Chiswick, Alfred Bich; 211. 
Porthesia chrysorrhea, Joseph F. Green, 211. On the Rearing of Papilio 
podalirius, 211. Emergence of Numeria pulveraria in July and August, 
Richard South, 212. Scarce Hawk-moths in Kew Gardens, W. J. Lueas, ' 212; 
Carrures aANp Finup Reports. —Zephyrus quercus ab. bella, Edward R. Goffe, 
212. Sesia adreniformis, J. Ovenden, 218. Myelophila (Myelois) cribrum 
(cribrella) in Surrey: Richard Sowth, 213. Plusia moneta in the New Forest, 
G. B. Corbin, 213, A Day’s Dragonfly Collecting at the Basingstoke Canal, 
Pe Wee Campion, 213. Short List of Lepidoptera collected near Gib- 
raltar in March and April, 1907, F. W. Sowerby, 214. 
SocreriEs, 215. 


| Bs STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, Blasewitz-Dresden, in their — 

new Price List, No. L. for 1907, offer more than 16,000 Species of well- 
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in ~ 
finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING | 
PUPA, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (26,000 species), for — 
HYMENOPTERA (8200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTIRA (2200), 
ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265). 
Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. 


A CATALOGUE OF THE 


LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND 


By W. F. De VISMES. KANE, M.A., F.E.S., &e. 


This cloth-bound volume contains 166 pages, and a Coloured Plate, preceded by an | 
Introduction, in which questions of climate, soil, &c., and their influence upon local 
distribution, are considered. Price 5s., postage 4d. ~ 


EXPERIMENTS ON THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA 


By Dr. AUGUST WEHISMANN. 


Translated from the German by W. E. Nicuoxson, F.E.8. This very interesting paper 
appeared in seven numbers of the ‘Entomologist’ in 1896, and occupies 60 pages in 
its more convenient form as a separate pamphlet. Price 1s., postage Id. ; 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPERATURE 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF eet 
By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp. 37 pages and four fine half-tone 
Plates. Price 1s., postage Id. 


LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, E. G. 


JAMES GARDNER, 


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are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily, 


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. Oke? Beka | ©. OCTOBER, 1907. 


THE 


ENTOMOLOGIST 


AN 


Allustrated Journal 


OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


BHITED BY RICHARD: SOUTH; \F.E.S: 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. | W. F. KIRBY, 1.L.8., 8. 
W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. | G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.8. 
EDWARD A. FITCH, FLS.,V.E.8. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., FES. 
F. W.FROHAWEK, F.E.S., M.B.0.U. ? Dr. D. SHARP, F-.R.S., F.E.S., &e, 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. |G. H. VERRALL, F.1.8. 


‘* By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made,”’ 


LONDON: 
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xe 


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TAXIDERMISTS, | s, 2 oe 
MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL. APPARATUS, oy ae 
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Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). 1/-; with Brass Y (2), a0: Fold: : 
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Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint cane (5);-3]-; 4-joint (6), 3/6; 3 


Sugaring Nets (7), 2/6 & 3/-. Pocket Boxes, 6d., od. ay Hs, 16% 

zinc oval do., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, 9a: 2 compart- 
ments, I/- Setting Boards, oval, I-in.6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d., 

2t-in. il: 3-in. 1/2, 34-in, 1/4; -flat do.” same price. Cork 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear 
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*i> 


glee EXCHANGE, 7 
Duplicates. — Corydon, Hyperanthus, Semele, Urtice,* Irrorella, Australis. 

Blanda, Ambigua, Lunigera, Corticea, Saucia, Suffusa, Tritici, Cursoria, Obelisca, 

Geminipuncta,* Dentina, Lunosa, Vaccinii, C-Nigrum, Marginatus, Testacea, 

Cesiata, &e. Accepted offers answered by return post.—J. P. Mutch ; 405, Hornsey 

Road, London, N. 

Duplicates.—Arion, Philanthiformis, Humiliata. Desiderata.—Local forms 

and varieties. Accepted offers answercd by return post.—J. P. Mutch ; 405, Hornsey 

Road, London, N. 

j Duplicates.—Larve of Nebulosa. Desiderata.—Very numerous: ova, larve, 

or pupe.—G. W. Mason; Barton-on-Humber. 

Duplicates,—Uineola (taken this season). Desiderata.—Sinapis, W. Album, 

~Pruni, Betule, Actzon, Arion, or offers (imagines only).—Hrnest C. Harding ; 
16, Cowley Road, Cranbrook Park, Ilford. 

Duplicates.—Rubricollis (fair), Mesomella (5), Silago,* Rubricosa, Sublustris, 

LL. Comma, Montanata, Badiata, Affinitata, Heparata (4), Suffumata. Desiderata.— 

-Numerous.—G. B. Coney; The Hall, Batcome, Evercreech. 

- Duplicates.—Fine bred E. Extensaria. Desiderata. — Pruni, Bombyliformis, 

- Testudo, Apiformis, Scoliiformis, Canne, Teniata, Fluviata, Fluctuosa, Semibrunnea, 

_Lychnitis, Lapidata, Exigua, Conspicillaris, Peltigera, Armigera, Palustris, Nube- 

-culosa, and other rare or local species.—H. A. Atmore ; King’s Lynn, Norfolk. 

Duplicates.—Palearctic butterflies: Zapateri, Prieuri, &e: Desiderata.—British 
Betule, Artaxerxes, and Davus (in papers not objected). Must be well-set, good 
specimens, and preferably on black pins.—H. Rowland-Brown ; Harrow Weald. 

Duplicates. — Gonostigma,* Oracce,* Albulata (fair), Selasellus, Hlutata vars.* 
(melanie hazel, light red, and melanic bilberry), few fine Arion. Offers.—G. B. 
Oliver ; Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. 

Duplicates.— Lunigera, Obelisea, Australis, Lunosa: Desiderata. — Helice, 
Artaxerxes, Bondii, Albovenosa, Flammea, Ophiograimma, Cursoria, Precox, 
Obscura, Conflua, Paleacea, Oo, Templi, Advena, Xanthomista, Asteris, Glauca, 
Atriplicis, Absinthii, Bractea, Interrogationis, Cordigera, Paralellaria, Lunaria, 
Hispidaria, Obfusearia, &e.—W. Pearce; St. Moque’s, Romsey, Hants. 

! Duplicates.—Edusa, Galatea, Icarus, Corydon, Lineola, H.Comma. 8. Ligustri,* 
Populi,* Lutarella, Z. Trifolii, Dominula,* Caia,* Lubricipeda,* Menthastri,* O. 
Dispar,* Pudibunda,* Neustria,* Flavicornis, Impura, Pallens, Putris, Sublustris, 
Persicariz,* Suffusa, Augur,* Triangulum,* Brunnea,* Festiva,* N. Rubi,* Baia,* 
Fimbria,* Rubricosa, Gothica,* Incerta,** Lota, Rufina, Pistacina, Lunosa, Satel- 
litia, Fulvago,* Flavago,* Circellaris, Oxycanthe, Trifolii,* Oleracea,* Ornithopus, 
Verbasci* (6), Tragopoginis, Myrtilli,* Prunaria,* Bilunaria,* Bidentata,* Abie- 
taria,* Repandata,* Consonaria, Crepuscularia, Biundularia, Linearia,* Piniaria, 
Grossulariata,* Abraxas, Sylvata, Leucophearia, Boreata, Nanata,* Subnotata,* 
Minutata,** Sobrinata,* Variata,** Galiata, Comitata.*—H. W. Barker ; 171, Gordon 
Road, Peckham, London, S.E. 

Duplicates. — Galatea, Semele, Lucina, H. Comma, Lutarella (Pygmeola), 
Dominula,* Neustria,* Menthastri,* Megacephala,* Vestigialis, Sublustris, Tri- 
angulum,* Brunnea,* Festiva,* Baia,* Fimbria,* Gothica, Hepatica, Augur,* 
-Myrtilli,* Pruvaria,* Ilunaria,* Repandata,* Nanata,* Subnotata,* Minutata,* 
Comitata,* Abruptaria (third brood), ‘'emerata,* Boreata, Carnella.—F’. Kingsman ; 
15, Stafford Street, Peckham, London, S.E. 

Duplicates. — Undulanus (Revayana), Fimbria,* Notha, and a few each 
C-Album, Nana (Conspersa), Capsincola,* &c. Desiderata.—Numerous.—H. V. 
Plum; Lower School, Epsom, Surrey. 

_ Duplicates—Suasa,* Mendica,* Io,* Lubricipeda var. Fasciata,* Nigra, Lutu- 
lenta (fair), Ianthina,* Blandina, Geryon, Olivata, Ruberata,* Trifasciata, Iso- 

-grammata,* S. Dorsana, and mary others. Desiderata.— Sobrina, Oo, Iris, 
Repandata, Virgaureata, Pimpinellat1, Dodoneata, Curzoni, Expallidata, Seabrisata, 
and numerous others, including Pyrales and Tortrices—T. Ashton Lofthouse ; 
The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. 

_ Duplicates.—A tew fine bred Stenoptilia graphodactyla. Desiderata.—Tessera- 
dactyla, Paludum, and other rare and local Plumes; also rare and local Pyrales, 
-Crambi, and Tortrices, or good varieties of Macros.—G. F. Mathew ; Dovercourt, 
- Hssex. 


“ye RRR ANC BA Tn APH MC neg ete AP sigs to Ney ee eed ane 


Duplicates.—Caniola,* - Geminipuncta,* Pudibunda,* a -Desiderata.—Nume- 
rous.—P. P. Milman ; Cyprina, Paignton, Devon. we 
. Duplicates.—Venustula, Crassalis, Castrensis,* Moneta,* Leporina, Cristulalis. 
Desiderata.—Pyrophila, Exulis, Ni, Fraxinata, and many Pterophori, aa and 
Eudorea.—(Rev.) W. Claxton ; Navestock Vicarage, Romford. 

Duplicates. — Vestigialis, Tritici, Nigricans, Rumicis, Megacephala, Chi, Cruda, | 
Stabilis, Instabilis, Gothica, Rubricosa, Macilenta, Lunosa, N. Rubi, Matura, 
Spadicea, Strataria, Galiata, Trilinearia, Abruptaria, Cesiata, Propugnata, Ferru- 
gata, Sambucata, HE. Autumnaria, Crepuscularia, &c. Desiderata.—Numerous.— 
J. A. Finzi; 58, Hamilton Terrace, N.W. 

Duplicates.—Rhamni (6), Griseola, Lurideola, Quercifolia (5), Potatoria, Pudo- 
rina, Comma, Impura, Pallens, Putris, Popularis, Testacea, Morpheus, Rubi, 
Lunosa, Chrysitis, Sambucaria, Pedaria, Aiscularia. Desiderata.— Very nume- 
rous.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. 

Duplicates.—Crabroniformis, Ichneumoniformis, Myopiformis, Culiciformis, 
Muciformis, Rubricollis, Cribrum, Complana, Bicolorana, Gonostigma (ea 
Percy HE. Freke ; South Point, Limes Road, Folkestone. 

Duplicates.—Ova : Xerampelina (about 50). Pupze: Bucephala. Imagines: 
Galatea—R. Swift; Burgess Hill, Sussex. 

Duplicates.—Napi, Aglaia, Gardaniines: Velleda, Hectus, Salicis,* Potatoria* 
(dark males), Rurea* (dark), H. Tripartita,* Festiva,* Chi, Genista, Augur,* 
Haworthii, Phragmitidis, Cesiata,* Impluviata (dark), Populata, Filigrammaria 
(fair), Zonaria (few), Hirtaria. Desiderata. —- Numerous. — W. (ee Clutton ; 
132, Coal Clough Lane, Burnley. 

Duplicates.—Palpina,* Ziezac,* Pigra,* Moneta,* Lithorhiza, Fuscula, Popu- 
laris (males), Sericealis, Grisealis, Apiciaria,* Prunaria,* Illunaria,* Lunaria,* 
Elinguaria,* Luteata, Unidentaria, Dubitalis, Mercurella, Penthina variegana, 
Subjectana, Solandriana, Ulmana. Desiderata—Numerous. Good specimens: 
black pins only.—(Miss) A. D. Edwards; The Homestead, Coombe Hill, East 
Grinstead. 

Duplicates. —Gnaphalu,* Cracce,* Lychnitis,* Ochroleuca,* Sparganii,* Ash- 
worthu,* Bractea,* Peltigera, Degeneraria,* Muscerda, Canne,* Alveolus vars. 
Australis, Aurinia (Cornish), Punctaria,* Advenaria.—W. G. Sheldon ; Youlgreave, — 
South Croydon. 

Duplicates.—Lunigera, Pastinum, Unca, Mesomella, Corticea, Osseata. What 
offers ?—F’. H. Fisher; Cranborne Vicarage, Salisbury. 

Duplicates.—Galatea, Tithonus, Aglaia, Corydon, Thaumas, Lonicere, Geryon, 
Salicis. Desiderata.—Epiphron, Athiops, Typhon, Artaxerxes, Salmacis, Acton, 
Palemon.—Champion le Chamberlain ; 4, Fairhaven Street, Cheltenham. 

Duplicates —A few fine bred Grossulariata ab. Varleyata. Desiderata. — 
Kuphorbie, Lineata, Andreeniformis, Ilicifolia, Musculosa, Ulve vars. Bipunctata 
and Wisimariensis, Nebulosa var. Thompsoni, Palustris (female), Ocellaris, Exulis, 
Satura, Ni, Fraxini, Roboraria black var., Fuliginaria, Innotata, Stevensata, 
Salicalis, Gracilialis, Unionalis, Semirufa, Terebrella, Verrucella, Rubrotibiella, 
Tesseradactylus, Graphodactylus, and extreme varieties. — Geo. 7’. Porritt ; 
Hdgerton, Huddersfield. 

Duplicates.—Kupithecia Extensaria,* Viretata,* Orbicularia,* Abietaria,* Globu- 
larie, A. Crateegi (fair), Bombyliformis, Versicolor,* Fagi,** Chaonia,* Alni, Petri- 
ficata, Bractea “(fair), Absinthii,* and small numbers of many other uncommon 
insects. Gnaphalii,* Bicuspis (1, fair), Iris,* Fagi* (black), very few each. Desv- 
derata.—Apiformis, Formiciformis, Tchneumoniformis, Testudo, Castanee, Dodo- 
nea, I‘juctuosa, Auricoma, Flammea (2), Maritima (1) and vars., Simulans, Oo, 
Irregularis, Dipsacea, Cribralis, Derivalis, Costestrigalis, Albistrigalis, Pygmeata, 
Trisignaria, Virgaureata, Fraxinata, Constrictata, Lapidata, Rufata and others. 
Rarities and choice varieties.—B. W. Adkin; 8, Hope Park, Bromley, Kent. 

Duplicates.—Io,* Semele, Tithonus, Jacobex,* Dispar,* Luteata, Wavaria,* 
Petraria, Atomaria, Ulmata, Adscularia,* Rubiginata, Badiata,* Palumbaria, 
Flavicornis, Perla, Rumicis, Fulva, Rurea and var. Combusta, Basilinea, Gemina, 
Plecta, N. Rubi,* Brunnea,* Baia,* Rubricosa, Cruda, Cerago,* Silago,* Lucipara, 
Nebulosa, Dentina, Thalassina. | Desiderata. — Very numerous.—G: Hleming; 
9, Fairview Terrace, Merthyr Tydfil. 

Duplicates.—Sibylla, Meliloti, Exulans, Humuli (Shetland vars.), Velleda (Shet- 


land, strongly marked), Quadra,* Orion, Gracilis (red. vars.), Revayana, Fimbria» 


_ Neglecta, Geminipuncta, Hispidus, Alternata,* Fasciaria,* Orbicularia,* Fuscan- 
_ taria,* Trepidaria, Salicata, Satyrata, Callicnaria, Dodoneata,* Undulata,* Psitti- 
- eata, Pictaria, Dubitata, Albulalis var. Thules, Piceana, Cristana, Thuleana, Liter- 


ana.—P. M. Bright; lairfield, Wimborne Road, Bournemouth. 
Duplicates.—Cucullina,* Fagi,* Trepida,* Cassinea (male), Velleda, Sylvinis, 
Dromedarius,* Ziczac,* Pygmola (4), Plumigere* (3), Dictzoides (3), Russula 
(male), Curtula,* Australis, Alni,* Myrice subsequa (2), Suasa, Rhomboidea, 
Strigosa, Auricoma, Turca, Menyanthidis, Petrificata, Ligustri, Citrago, Gemini- 


_puncta, Anomala (2), Tincta* (2), Affinis,* Conspersa, Lucernea, Rectilinea, His- 


pidus, Sagittata, Vernaria (3), Rusticata, Unifasciata, Laricaria, Lariciata, Im- 
mutata, Hmutaria, Promutata, Picata, Subsericeata, Cinctaria, Servillana Oro- 


bana, Dorsana, Grossana, Nigricana, Pomonana, Composana, Intemana, Splendana, 


Cinctana, Quadrana, Incarnatana, Permutana, Conterminana, Ciliella, Gigantana. 
Desiderata.—Bractea (8), Gnaphalii, Rubricata, Concolor, Favicolor, Leucophea, 
Armigera, Lapponaria (male), Reticulata, Piceana, and various Tortrices.—C. Fenn ; 
Hversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, Kent. 

Duplicates.—Corydon,* Adonis, Tages, Malve, C-Album, T. Rubi, T. Quercus, 
Statices, Villica,* S. Urtice,* Lanestris,* Diluta,* var. Zatima,* Spinula, Orion,* 
Moneta,* Melanopa, Cordigera, Ashworthii,* Muralis (vars.) Aceris,* Munda,* 
Pulverulenta,* Gemina, Satellitia,* Lota, Plumaria (male), Osseata, Rivata, Pulver- 
aria, Adustata, Unangulata, Rubidata, Galiata. Temerata, Togata,* Campanulata,* 
Retangulata, Ocellatus, Viridaria, Picata,* Imitaria, Emarginata. Desiderata.— 
Lunaria, Glabraria, Hispidaria, Lapponaria, Roboraria, Hastata, Tristata, Cucul- 
lata, and numerous others,—Z’. Pope; 11, Portland Street, Newtown, Exeter. 

Duplicates.—Pastinum, Gentiste, Micacea, Cytherea, Lunosa, Suffusa, Pista- 
cina, Derasa, Puta, Putris, Plecta, Testacea, Morpheus, N. Rubi, Testata, Iota, 
Chrysitis, Nictitans, Macularia, Obscuraria, Prunaria, Camelina, Dictwea, Potatoria 
(male), Promutata, Miniata, Bipunctata, C-Nigrum, Tritici, Cerago, Popularis, 
Persicaria. Lists exchanged.—C. W. Williams; Penarth. 


To CORRESPONDENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of 
exchange should be sent to the Editor— 


RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING. S.W. 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. 


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Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &o. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 
OapineT for Birps' Eaas and Skins. The Drawers graduate in depth and are ail 
mterchangeable. Att Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 


All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, 
Send for full detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere. 
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Fastories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


ee: 


OR SALE.—Healthy Larve and Pupe of BRITISH 
LEPIDOPTERA. Also very fine-set specimens of 
nearly all the species, including many good, aberrant, and 
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_ W. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Road, Colchester. 


FAMILIAR INDIAN | BIRDS | 


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Illustrated by Half-tone Blocks from the Drawings of 
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This little book is intended mainly for those who live in, or visit, India, 
and who are interested in the birds they are likely to meet in everyday life, 
and who wish to learn something about them. The author writes from 
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‘This neatly bound little volume . . . very charmingly illustrated.””—Shooting 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. 


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Feap. 8v0, cloth, gilt top, 160 pp. + blanks for Notes. 2s. 6d. 


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A CATALOGUE OF THE 


LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND 


By W. IF. De VISMES KANE, M.A., F.E.S.).&c. 


This cloth-bound volume contains 166 pages, and a Coloured Plate, preceded by an 
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EXPERIMENTS ON THE 


SEASONAL DIMORPHISM of LEPIDOPTERA 


By Dr. AUGUST WEHISMANN. 


Translated from the German by W. E. Nicnonson, F.E.S. This very interesting paper 
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London: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, Hatton Garden, E: CG 


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BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.—Hyale, Valezina, Paniseus, — 

each. ©-Album, Betule, W-Album, Lineola, 4d. — Sinapis, 
mee oe ae Lucina, Actwon, 3d. . Aglaia, Adippe, Paphia, Artemis, 
-Polychloros, Rubi; Comma, 2d. Adonis, Corydon, Minima, Alsus, Agestis, 
Tages, 1d. Arion, 1s. Hundreds of others; selections on approval. Also 
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‘FORD, South View, Irving Road, Bournemouth, 


CONTENTS, a 


Phalera busephals! ab. (with illustration), Richard South, 217. Noe | 
Hymenopterous Family Agathidide, Clawde Morley, 217. Notes on the Gonin 


Eupithecia (concluded), Louis B. Prout, 220, Notes on the Butterflies of — 
Digne (concluded), Gerard H. Gurney, 222. Hints on the Study of Leaf-' 


hoppers, G. W. Kirkaldy, 225. A Fossil Honey-bee, T. D. A. Cockerell, 227. . 
Two New Species of Agathine (Braconide) from Borneo, P. Cameron, ask 
Current Notes (New Series), G. W. Kirkaldy, 230. 


NorEes AND OBsERVATIONS.—Male Lasiocampa quercus attracted ‘by (2) Odgnentix a 
potatoria Female, A. Harrison, 235. Re-oecurrence in Britain of Pyralis — 
henigialis, Z., Hustace R. Bankes, 235. On the Discovery of tlhe Food-plant of ~ 
Aciptilia (Buckleria) paluduin, Zell., Hustace R. Bankes, 235. Increase of ~ 


Butterflies in Mauritius, NV. Manders, 236. Notes on Lycena argiades, | Pall., 

O. Pickard-Cambridge, 236. 
CapruRES aNbd F'1nnp Reports. — Myelophila cribrum in Surrey, Ae Thurnall, 

John Alderson, Percy Richards, 237. Leucania unipuncta in Devon, P, P. 


Milman, 237. Sphinx convolvuli in Durham, 7. Maddison, 237. Sirex gigas 


in Wiltshire, W. A. Bogue, 237. Heliothis peltigera in South Devon, Leslie 
Burt, 237. - Collecting on the Lincolnshire Coast, B. W. Adkin, 238. 


Societizs.—The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 239. — 
Birmingham Entomological Society. 240. City of London Entomologi sal — 


Society, 240. 


DF: STAUDINGER & BANG=HAAS, Blasewitz-Dresden, in their 


new Price List, No. L. for 1907, offer more than 16,000 Species of well- - 


named I]t PIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in 


finest condition; 1400 linda of PREPARED LARVAL; numerous LIVING 


PUPS, &e. Suparare Prick Lists for COLEOPTERA (26,000 species), for 
HYMENOPTERA (8200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPT RA (2200), 


ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265). 


Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. 


SALE OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 
On Tuesday, October 22nd, at 1 p.m. 


MR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Rooms, 38, King | 
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C., the first portion of the ~ 


COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA formed by the Rev. 


G. H. Raynor, M.A.; also one of the Excellent 40-drawer Mahogany : 
Cabinets. The specimens are in exceptionally fine condition, and include ~ 


some notable varieties of GROSSULARIATA, together with very fine 
forms of Prunaria, Clathrata, and Lubrieipeda, 


On view day prior 10 to 5 and morning of sale. Catalogues ‘on applica. 


tion. 
The remaining portion of the Collection will be sold in Novern ian 


JAMES GARDNER, 
MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGIGAL. APPARATUS, 
52, HIGH HOLBORN, anp 
29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road. 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. 


All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers : 


are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur sally. 


By 


ey en ee en I att Rd ef PES eee Te ey) 


pe a) ree ne eee 


er ies FI (6s. post free) should be sent to West, Newman € Co., 
SOF}: Hatton Garden, London. 


a Vo xLy NOVEMBER, 1907. [No. 534. 


THE 


ENTOMOLOGIST 


AN 


Allustrated Journal 


OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERT ADKIN, FE.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S8. 

W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. 
EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S.,F.E.S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. 

F. W. FROHAWEK, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.B.S., F.E.S., &o, 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. 


‘By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”’ 


LONDON: 
‘WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Lumrep, 


Price Sixpence. 


J. & Ow DAVI S ley 
MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, dey 
31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. 


Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). 1/- ; with Brass ¥.(), 1/10; Fold: 7% 
ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding Kite Nets @), 2/6, 3/6 & 4/6; 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint cane (5), 3/-; rE pon (6), 3/63 
Sugaruig Nets VEN 2/6 & 3/-. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/63 
zinc nial do., 9 , 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, 9d. ; i compart- 
ments, 1/-. gotting Boards, oval, 1-in.6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d.,” 
2t-in, 1/-, 3-in. 1/2, 34-in. 1/4; flat do. same price. “Cork 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super. - Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear” 
Essence, 3d. bottle. “Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. ‘bettle, - 
Chip Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6 gross. Forceps, 1/6 pair. Glass- © 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz.- Naphthaline, 4-Ib. 
tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d. & 1/- box ; black do., ~~ 
1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 by 10 4/-, 16 
by 11 5/-, 17} by 12 6/-.. Larve Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double do., 
3/6. Leno, 4d. yard: Postage extra. Full Illustrated Cata- 
logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, ~Birds’ Eggs, 
Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered 
aye eck Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &c., &c., ~— 
2d, post free. % 


Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 216 1,000 
specimens on application, “Larve Collector's Guide and 
Calendar,” 1/-, “Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. “Egg Col~ 
lector's Guide and Calendar,” 1/-. “ Bird Stuffing and Mount- — 
ing,” illustrated, 1/-. Naturalist's Year Book, 1/*..  Data’*>~— 
Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. 
or British Birds do., r- each. The Naturalist's Quarterly — 


NET ers Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2/6 
N per annum; specimen copy-4d. Label List of British Macro= 
FRAMES Lepidoptera, d. Reference do.,3d. — Butterfly do. only, 2d 


INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet. Exchange Lists, 8d. doz, 
12-DRAWER INSECT CABINET, with mahogany glass panel door, ema 
cells, and frames to glasses, £4 7S. 6d. In excellent condition, a great bargain. 
Reduced Price List of British Macro-Lepidoptera free on application. ¥ 
‘The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. With map. 6s. ng 
‘Bird and Animal Preserving and Mounting.’ Containing illustrations and working 
diagrams of methods employed in skinning, stuffing, and mounting: Birds, Animals, Fish, 3 
and Reptiles; also collecting and preserving Birds’ Begs and Insects, and objects Obs 
Natural History generally. Price Five Shillings. 


A. LIONEL CLARK 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 


C1 UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of ~ 

) Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 3 

BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &c., kept i 

in stock in large quautities. . 

The largest stock of Eacs in England to neleob from, including many very rare 
-species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. ~ 


Revised List of British LeprporTrera, now ready, post free. 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. 


Taxipermy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants. — 
Full general Catalogue and Special List of Ecas and Sxins, post free. - 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


OVA; “LARVA, AND “PUPA. 
A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to 

H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, 
The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. : 5 

Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, Caniners, &c., sent on applicati vs 


we 


3 
; 
# 
x 


Ss 


me “J 


eo 


Re ero tance. 


(dark), Brunnea,* Cucubali,* Exoleta, Nigra, Solidaginis, Glareosa, Vestigialis, 
-Captiuncula (fair), Biundularia (dark), Affinitata, Decolorata, Cxsiata, Isogram- 
mata,* Vulgata,* Badiata,* Ruberata,* Olivata, Bicolorata var. Palumbata, 
-Autumnata,&e. Desiderata.—Flavicinctata, Venosata(dark), Consignata, Pygmeata 
-Virgaureata, Pimpinellata, Campanulata, Constrictata, Expallidata, Tzeniata, Auro- 
varia, Sexalisata, Simulata, Rugata, Lapidata, Aceris, Leporina, Sobrina, Alni, 
' Vitellina, &c., including Pyrales, Tortrices.—T. Ashton Lofthouse; The Croft, 
_Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. 
Duplicates. — Chrysidiformis. Desiderata. — Crabroniformis, Ichneumoni- 
_tormis, Myopiformis, Culiciformis, Muciformis, Cribrum, Complana, Gonostigma 
-(males).—Percy H. Freke ; South Point, Limes Road, Folkestone. 
. Duplicates.—Corydon, Semele, Arion, Irrorella, Philanthiformis, Australis, 
_ Bilanda, Ambigua, Lunigera, Saucia, Cursoria, Geminipuncta, Dentina, Lunosa, 
-©-Nigrum, Testacea, Humiliata (a few), &e. Desiderata.—Helice, Adippe, Davus, 
 Culiciformis, Formiciformis, Albulalis, Muscerda, Limacodes, Asella, Dodonea, 
- Ridens, Leporina, Strigosa, Alni, Turca, Oo, &c. Accepted offers answered.—J. P. 
_Mutch ; 405, Hornsey Road, London, N. 
_. Duplicates,—Palearctic butterflies: Zapateri, Prieuri, &e. Desiderata.—British 
 Betule, Artaxerxes, and Davus (in papers not objected). . Must be well-set, good 
specimens, and preferably on black pins.—H. Rowland-Brown; Harrow Weald. 
Duplicates.—Xanthomista,* Exigua (2, fair), Ficklini (1, fair), Cracez,* Gono- 
stigma.* Desiderata. — Pruni,* Galii, Paleacea, Oo, Grisearia, Albimacula, 
-Lapponaria, Semibrunnea, Dipsacea, Conspicillaris, and other rare or local species 
and varieties. Also pupx of Bee-Hawks, Ligustri, Ocellatus, Carpini, Vinula.— 
~G. B. Olwer ; Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. 

Duplicates.—Corydon, W-Album, H. Comma, Actzon, Subciliata,* Sobrinata,* 
- Rectangulata,* Diluta, N. Rubi, Stramineola, Griseola, Testacea, Imitaria,* D. 
- Pinastri,* Puta, Petraria, Gilvago,* Aurago,* Miata,* Lithoxylea, Puta, Bipune- 
taria, Proteus, Autumnaria, H. Popularis, Carpophaga,* Silago, Doubledayaria. 
_ Desiderata.—Very numerous.—Vicar ; Batheaston, Bath. 
q Duplicates.—Aglaia, Alsus, Lineola, Ocellatus, S. Ligustri, Z. Trifolii, Dominula, 


q 


ws 
= 


~Mendica, Chrysorrhcea, Prunaria, Fasciaria, Hirtaria, Consonaria, Trilinearia, — 


Ulmaita, Citraria, Albulata, Nanata, Subnotata, Corticea, Puta, Chenopodii, Myrtilli. 
_ Desiderata.—Numerous.—C., Levett; 107, Brockley Road, Peckham, London, S.E. 
Desiderata.—Filigrammaria—Sidney Wilkinson ; 6, Stanford Road, Kensing- 
ton Court, London, W. = 
_ Duplicates.—Pyrina.* Desiderata.—Ochrata, Straminata, Immutata, Emutata, 
Inornata, Degeneraria, Pygmxata, Virgaureata, Fraxinata, Trisignaria, Indigata 
(bred only), Spartata, and Flavicinctata, and offers.—Francis C. Woodbridge ; 
Northcroft, Uxbridge. 

Duplicates. — Stellatarum, Miniata, P. Populi, Binaria, Palpina, Fulva, Saucia, 
Leucographa, Opima, Genistz, Socia, Iota, Fasciana, Apiciaria, Prunaria, Dolo- 
braria, Syringaria, Erosaria, Strataria, Consortaria, Papilionaria, Amataria, Fir- 
mata, Unangulata, Undulata, and others, Lists exchanged.—John Comber ; High 
Steep, Jarvis Brook, Sussex. 

Duplicates.— Ova: fine-feeding O. Autumnata, Chi, black Chi, blue-black Chi, 
slate Chi, var. Olivacea, fine forms Testata, Populata. Larve: Baja, Herbida 
(Forres), Unanimis. Pup: Bidentata (taken wild in town and likely to produce 

dark forms). Desiderata.—Fine well-set butterflies, especially Aurinia, Arion, 
Davus, Palemon, &¢.—J. W. H. Harrison ; 181, Abingdon Road, Middlesbrough. 

Duplicates.—All Continental. Pup: S. pinastri, D. euphorbix, E. innotata. 

Larve: A. ilia var. clytie. Imagines: P. eallidice, Erebia evias, Antocharis 
simplonia, &c. Desiderata.—Offers in British insects.—J. W. H. Harrison ; 
181, Abingdon Road, Middlesbrough. 

Duplicates. — Sibylla, Adonis, Edusa, Tiliez, Russula, Corydon, Dominula, 
Plantaginis, Fasciaria, Hirtaria, Abruptaria, Repandata, Biundularia, Rusticata, 
Citraria, Unifasciata, Cassinea, Camelina, Trepida, Curtula, Reclusa, Ligustyi, 

Rumicis, Menyanthidis, Pudorina, Australis, Popularis, Glareosa, Dahlii, Thalas. 
sina, Solidaginis, Verbasci, Rectilinea, Vetusta, Obsanata, Russata var., Immanata 


Duplicates. — Io,* Suasa,* Mendica,* Lubricipeda var. Fasciata,* Rumicis* _ 


vars., Hispida, Conspersa, Capiiohin: and: gee “Beetriocs’ nee a oa! 
renew: Quercana, Palpina, Plumaria (2, females), Ainea (24), Libatrix, and four 
undersides, N. Lucina—C. Fenn; Hversden House, 83, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, Kent. i 

Duplicates.—Quercus * (Hair- streak), Paphia, Petraria, Remutaria, Bucephala,* = 
Incanaria, Ceruleocephala,* Pyramidea (3), Oleracea,* Trapezina* (3), Rivata (2), — 
Variata, and Bipunctaria. Desiderata. —Numerous. —S. A. Blenkarn ; 44, Romola 
Road, Tulse Hill. : 

Duplicate -s.—Lunigera, Lutulenta, Saucia, Suffusa, Aprilina, Cerago, Lunosa.— 
F. A. Fisher; Cranborne Vicarage, Salisbury. 

Duplicates.—Chaonia,* Trepida,* Carmelita,* Cucullina, *Prunata,* Prunaria,* — 
Togata,* and many others. Desiderata.—Ligniperda, Vinula, Caja, B. Quercus, 
Quercifolia, Jacobee, Bucephala, and many others. Also pupe Ocellatus, 8. Li- 
gustri, Elpenor, Porcellus, Carpini, Vinula, Trepida, Dromedarius, Reclusa, Callune, 
and many others, and ova.—L. W. Newman; Bealey, Kent. 

Duplicates. Bifida, * Craccz,* Lonicers * (Filey form), Marginatus,* Chaonia* — 
(dark), Petrificata, Hispidus, fine vars. of Grossulariata* and Ulmata. Destderata, — 
—Sylvinus, Pygmeola, Asculi, Griseata, Rufata, and good vars. or strongly marked | 
local forms.—J. Maddison ; South Bailey, Durham. by 

Duplicates. — Melanopa (8), Cordigera (3), Lobulata, Trepidaria, Blandiata, 
Impluviata (melanic), Hexapterata, Cassiope (fair), Duplaris, Blandina, Thecla 
rubi (all from Rannoch), Glareosa, Olivata, Cambrica, Arcuosa (3), Nictitans; 
Tripartita (Sutherland or Aberdeen), Ambigua, Caia,* Hirtaria, Ferruginea,** 
Leucophearia, Unangulata, Miniosa (6), Confusalis, Statices, Populata (melanic, 
fair). Desiderata.—Formiciformis, Crabroniformis, Holosericata, Oo, Dysodea, 
Albovenosa, Turca, Arundinis, Lichenaria, Triangulum, Umbrosa, Diffinis, Myopi- 
formis, &¢.—H. A. Cockayne; 16, Cambridge Square, W._ 

Duplicates.—Pastinum, Dabitate Hirtaria,* Chenopodii,* Morpheus, Dispar,* 
Lutosa phragmitellus, Anceps, Suasa, Lithargyria, Conigera, Boreata, Hyalinalis. 
Desiderata.—Euphrosyne, Alveolus, Dominula, Lacertula, and many others to 
renew.—J. Ovenden; P. O., Frindsbury, Rochester. 3 

Duplicates. —Fine E. extensaria,* Pendularia,* Pigra* (Reclusa), Bicolorana* — 
(Quercana), Flavicornis, Quadrifasciaria (a few), Verbascalis, Hamellus, Alpinellus, — 
Teucrii, Lithodactylus,* Capreana,* Ravulana (a few), Demarniana, Subbauman- 
niana, Micana, Inopiana, Ericetana. Desiderata.—Many species in fine condition 
and well set, especially Apiformis, Pruni. Bombyliformis, Semibrunnea, Exigua, 
Lychnitis, Cuprealis, Myellus, Hyalinalis, Pandalis, Terrealis, Stachydalis, Tessera- : 
dactylus, Umbrana, and Salopiella.—#. A, Atmore; King’s Lynn, Norfolk. 

Duplicates.—Io,* Corydon,* Malve,* Tages, 8: Ocellatus,* Lubricipeda var. 
Zatima,* Monach* var. Hremita and intermediates, Lanestris,* See Seabrius- 
cula,* Saucia, Moneta,* Gilvago,* Rufina,* Pistacina,* Nebulosa,* ee eee 
Rurea var. Combusta, Protea, Fulvago, Flavago,* Tritici, Putris, Unanimis, Lota,* 
Coracina, Blomeraria (3), Plumaria, Tristata, Tsogrammata,** Debiliata, Picata,* 
Sagittata, Unangulata, Imbutata, Rivata,* ‘Adustata, Decolorata, Designata, Uni- 
dentaria, Subsericeata, Testata, Temerata, Ocellata, Galiata, Didymata, Viridaria. 
Desiderata.—Rufata, Berberata, Grisearia, &.—F. Pope; 11, Portland Street, 
Newtown, Exeter. 

Duplicates.—L. Vitellina, Strigosa, M. Arundinis, Alpina, Bractea, Chryson. 
Fagi, Ashworthii, Nigrocincta, Versicolora, Fibrosa, Helmanni. Desiderata.— 
Armigera, Reticulata, Miata, Concolor, Albipuncta, Sicula, Bicuspis, Exulis, Oo, 
Polygrammata, Holosericata, and other rare species. Exotic Diurnals—W. Dan- 
natt; 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. 

Duplicates.—Nyssia lapponaria (Rannoch, 1907). Desiderata.— Pyrophila, 
Irregularis, Auricoma, Albipuncta, Vitellina, Nebulosa var. Thompsoni, Con- 
spicuata, Strigillaria, Reticulata, Centonalis, vars. of ‘Grossulariata, &e.—H. A. 
Cockayne ; 16, Cambridge Square, London, W. 

Duplicates. — Sinapis, Rhamni, Galatea, Polychloros,* Cardui,* Io, Atalanta, 
Sibylla, G. C-Album,* Paphia, Actezon (fair), Geryon, Humuli, Lupulinus, Caniola, — 
Advenaria, Ambigua, Melilota, Typhx, Alniaria, M. Cribrella.* Destderata.— 
Fluctuosa, Vitellina, Maritima, Canna, Ophiogramma, Bractea, Viretata. Accepted — 
offers answered by return of post.—W. Hdwards ; Alm, Malvern. 

Duplicates.—Davus, S. Populi, Piloselle, Confusalis, Fuliginosa var. Borealis, 
Duplaris, Rumicis var. Lepida, Menyanthidis, Ditrapezium, Dahlii, Comes vars , 


~ 


rt vars. 5 Ni bilewa Geub. vee ConHeud, ASE Vetusta, Pul- 
‘ pe ta, ‘Salicata, Olivata, &c.: all North Argyleshire. Black pins. 
dsiderata: —Numerous.—W. Renton ; Glenmorven, Drimnin, by Oban. 
~ Duplicates.—Polychloros, Corydon, A. Comma, Meliloti, Lonicere, Undulanus, 
Quadra, Dominula, Lacertinaria, Falcataria, Pigra, Orion, Persicariz, Capsincola 
Solidaginis, Tetralunaria (2 gen.), Consortaria, Punctularia, Ochrearia, Sylvata, 
Adustata, Annulata, Muricata, Dimidiata, Inornata, Imitaria, Albicillata, &e. 
Desiderata.—Sesiidex, Ino, Piloselle (Irish or Scotch), Orthosiide# from Orthosia to 
Calymnia, and many others.—Richard South ; 96, Drakefield Road, Upper Tooting. 

Duplicates.—Cespitis (ova). Polychloros* and Moneta.* Desiderata.—Very 
numerous, especially Aithiops, Cinxia, Athalia, Paniscus, Arundinis, Fagi, Coryli, 
&e. —Guy H. H. Peskett ; Simla, Preston, Brighton. 

Duplicates—A few each Dahlii, Suspecta, Rectilinea, Fimbria, Unanimis, 
Anomala, Leucostigma, Maculata, Alternata, Rubricosa, Lunosa, Debiliata, Blomeri, 
Solidaginis, Neglecta, Nigra, Vestigialis, Suffusa, Cracem, Arion. Desiderata.— 
Fluctuosa, Albipuncta, Straminea, Reticulata, Sordidata, Furva, Aquilina, Upsilon, 
Pyralina, Albimacula, Semibrunnea, Bractea, Dipsacea, Plaviata: Dodoneata, 
Coronata, Expallidata, Innotata, Salicata, &e.—H. D. Bostock; Holly House, 
Stone, Staffordshire. 

Duplicates. — Mnemosyne, Crategi, Sinapis, Antiopa, Levana ab. Porima,* 
Athalia, Aurelia, Didyma* var. Arsilache,* Arethusa, Silvius,* Hippothoé, Semi- 
argus, Hylas, Bellargus, Damon, Alcon, Porcellus, Pudibunda ab. Concolor,* 
Monacha ab. Eremita, Franconica,* Ludifica, Menyanthidis, Rubricosa, Leuco- 
grapha, Seabriuscula, Detersa, Populeti, Piniperda, Rubiginea,* Vetusta,* Lych- 
nitis,* Fraxini, Ridens, Spartiata,* Dotata,* Dilutata ab, Insulata, Chlorata,* 
Gilvaria, Z. Trifolii ab. Confluens, ab. Orobi,&c., Opacella. Listsexchanged. Desv- 
derata.—Filigrammaria, Immanata, and numerous others, in good condition and 
set in Continental style—H. Schroder ; Sandstr., 78., Schwerin in Mecklenburg. 


CHANGES oF AppRESS.—Major R. B. Robertson, from Berkeley House, Limpley 
Stoke, to Fairlawn, Chandlers Ford, Hants. Wm. Mansbridge, from.27, Elmbank 
Road, Liverpool, to 4, Norwich Road, Wavertree, Liverpool. Hugh Vinall, from 
3, Priory Terrace, Lewes, to “ Torbay,” Park Road, Lewes. ~ 


-. To CorresponpDents.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices i 
exchange should be sent to the Editor— 


RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. 


OR SALE.—Fine Perthshire Pupe of HUPITHECIA, 
TOGATA, 3d. each. BIDENTATA Pupe, dark parents, 
1d. each. Ova CHRULEOCEKPHALA, 2d. per dozen. - 
Postage extra, 
3 R. LAWSON, Croft Park, Craigie, Perth, N.B. 


THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS, 


J: T; CROCKETT & SON, 


x (Establighed 1847,) 

: {AKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, 
Srore-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of 

SPECIMENS for ENTomotoaists, Botanists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MIngR- 

“aLoGists, NUMISMATISTS, OoncHoLoaists, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science 

Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &e. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made 

‘OaBinet for Bigps' Eees and Sxins, The Drawers graduate i in depth and are ail 

mterchangeable, Att Best Work. Estimates GIVEN. 

AU goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. 

Send for full detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere. 

a Ae PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. 

Factories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 


sta ai ere, 


pacer, Ear eee 
CONTENTS. 


Notes on a Summer Tour in Switzerland (with plate), H. Poitind Bro own, 241, 
Notes on the Species of the Genus Callimenus, Fischer de Waldheim (Ortho- 
ptera, Bradyporide). A. M. Shuguroff, 248. Notes on British Braconide. V., 
Claude Morley, 251. 


NoTEs AND OBSERVATIONS, 254. CAPruRES AND FirL.p Reports, 256. 
SocrEtriEs, 258. ReEcENT LITERATURE, 262. 
FOR SALE. 


ay Eee BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA, including 
A. Crategi (bred), I’. Quercus, Cassiope, Artaxerses, 
Lomeere, Cynipiformis, N. Albulalis, L. Caniola, Griseola, Repan- 
data vars., grand Rubiginata vars. (bred), Ditrapezium, Cordigera, 
Melanopa, H. Barbalis, T'. Alpinalis, &c. Many species of Pupe, 
including Nubeculosa, Palpina, A. Laigustri, Hastata, Tersata, 
Vitalbata, KH. Unifasciata, Isogrammata, Scotch Illustraria, &e. 

Lots of ova, all with full data. For Price-lists apply to— : 


THOS. SALVAGE, ARLINGTON, BERWICK, SUSSEX. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC LANTERN SLIDES IN NATURAL COLOURS, 


LEPIDOPTERA AND THEIR LARV/E= 
Photographed from life and true to nature in every detail. Photos 
in Colour of Larve, life-size, on Ivorine tablets, to pin in the Cabinet, 
Other Subjects.—British Birds, Wild Flowers, &e. 
Colour Slides made to order from any Specimen or Coloured Drawing. 
For list apply to— 


CHARLES D. HEAD, 2, Mount Vernon, Dottymount, Dustin. 


NEW AND REVISED EDITION.—Cloth. Price 1s. 6d. Postage 2d. 


INSECT HUNTER’S COMPANION 


INSTRUCTIONS FOR 


COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING, 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. fs 


By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FAN. 


‘So full of practical information that everyone interested in this phase of Ento- 
mology ought to have a copy of it by them.’’—Western Mail. ; 

‘‘The little brochure seems to be practical and useful to the young collector.”— 
Naturalists’ Quarterly Review. | 


SYNOPSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN 


HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPERATURE | 


MADE WITH LEPIDOPTERA, UP TO THE END OF 1898. 
By Pror. MAX STANDFUSS. A 


Translated from the German by Epwarp M. Dapp, 37 pages and four fine half- tone 
Plates. VERY SCARCE. Price 2s., postage 1d. 


Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets 
Plain Ring Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 3d., 2s.,28.6d, Folding Nets» 
8s. Gd., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self-acting), 78. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d- ~ 
Zine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d., 2s. Nested Chip Boxes, 7d. per four dozen- 
Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, ls., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. 6d- 
to 8s. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 
ls. 9d. per tin, Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 4s., 5s., 68s. Setting — 
- Boards, flat or oval, lin., 6d.; 14 in., 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 2}in.,1s.; 84 in., 1s. 4d.; 
4 in., 1s. 6d.; 5 in., 1s. 10d.; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. Setting 
Houses, 9s. 6d., 11s. 6d.; corked back, 14s. Zine Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
E: Breeding Cage, 2s. 6d., 48., 58., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 
1s. 6d., 1s.8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., 2s. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
_ Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 28, 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Cases, 
2s. 6d. to lls. Cement for replacing Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
: 1s. 6d., 2s., 2s.6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 34, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen ~ 
sheets. Brass Chloroform Bottle, 28. 6d. Insect Lens, 1s. to 8s. Glass-top and 
F: Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s. per dozeu. Zine Killing Box, 9d., 1s. Pupa 
- Digger, in leather sheath, Is. 9d. ‘Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 64. ° Scalpels, 1s. 3d.; Scissors, 2s. per 
pair; Wgg-drills, 2d., 3d., 94.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
- Animals; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d.; ditto of Birds’ Beggs, 2d., 3d., 6d.; 
ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, &e. 

: The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.— We beg 
to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
- made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
- carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices.— With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
- joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
- be pleased to send on approval. 


Sito VW ROOM FOR CABINETS 


Of every description for InsEcrs, Birps’ Kaas, Ooins, MicroscoprivaL OBJEcTs, 
. Fossins, &c. Oatalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 


3 A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS 


(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. 


Only Address :— 
86 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from Cuarina Cross). 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 


Genuine British Species only Stocked. 


re 


Ova, Larve, Pupe, and finest set insects in great quantity. 


Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.—Hyale, Valezina, Paniseus, 

— 6d. each. C©-Album, Betule, W-Album, Lineola, 4d.  Sinapis, 
Cinxia, Athalia, Lucina, Acton, 3d. Aglaia, Adippe, Paphia, Artemis, 
-Polychloros, Rubi, Comma, 2d. Adonis, Corydon, Minima, Alsus, Agestis, 

Tages, 1d. Arion, 1s. Hundreds of others; selections on approval. Also 

4 Cabinets. 

_ FORD, South View, Irving Road, Bournemouth, 


oa 


D®: STAUDINGER & BANG- HAAS, ‘Biase wate Deeddon: in their 
new Price List, No. L. for 1907,, offer more than 16,000 Species. of well- 
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in 
finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARVAL; numerous LIVING — 
PUPAL, &. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (26,000 species), for 
HYMENOPTERA (8200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), — 
ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), Gyros ota OBJEOTS Mee Es 
Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. fe 


BRITISH ae 
On Tuesday, November 5th, at 1 p.m. 


MR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Paatnes 38, Ring] 
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C., the concluding portion ~ 
of the COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA formed by the — 
Rey, G. H. RAYNOR, M.A.; comprising the Noctus, and varieties of — 
Abraxas Grossulariata (Chalcozona, Lacticolor, Chaleobares:a 
Melanozona, &c.), together with the Excellent 40-drawer Mahosonya 
Cabinet in which they are arranged. 
On view day prior 10 to 5 and morning of sale. Catalogues on applica- 
tion. 


BOOKS, CABINETS, FOREICN & BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA, &c. 


Tuesday, November 19th, at 1 o’clock. 


MR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Rooms, 38, mea 
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C., the Library of Pn tonioe 
logical and other Books, Bookcases, Insect Cabinets, Collection — 
me Silkworm Moths and other Insects, &c., the property of the late 4 
F. MOORE, Hso., D.Sc, A.C.L., F.Z.8., F.E.S., &.; also a Small | : 
Collection of British Lepidoptera and other properties. a 
Catalogues on application. 


eres Mey ea ee 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. = 
:. 


Tuesday, December 3rd, at 1 o’clock. 


R. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Rooms, 38, King 
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C., the COLLECTION ofa 3 
BRITISH MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA formed by the late C.G. BARRETT, | 
F.E.S.; and the COLLECTION of BRITISH MACRO- LEPIDO- é 
PTERA formed by the late — CROSS, of Ely, containing Extensive : 
Series of well-set Specimens in fine condition. 
Catalogues in course of preparation. 


JAMES: GARDNER, 4 
MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS. 4 
52, HIGH HOLBORN, anp 

29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road, 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. e 


All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers 
are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily. e 


Peete be for 1907 have now expired, and those for 1908 (6s. post free) 
should be sent to West, Newman €& Co,, 54, Hatton Garden, London. 


Vol. XL] DECEMBER, 1907. (No. 535. 


THE 


ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Allustrated Journal | 


OF 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


‘EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF 


ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.1.8., F.E.S. 

W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S8. 
EDWARDA.FITCH, IF.L.8.,F.E.8. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S, 

F. W.FROHAWK, F.E.S8.,M.B.0.U. | Dr. D, SHARP, F.R.8., F.E.S., &o 
MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S, G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. 


‘ By mutual confidence and mutual aid 
Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”’ 


LONDON: 
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; Fe 
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & COs Bitten. ee . 


Kf vate aE Gk ie 


FF OS 


DOUBLE NUMBER.—Price One Shilling. |. 9). *y 


; as . 4 has 5 | 


ast pe 


jl. & Wo DAVIS Giza 


MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, dl = 
31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. — 


Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). ¥/-; with Brass y (2), 1/10; Fold- 
ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding Kite Nets (4), 2/6, 3/6 & 4/6; 
Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joiht cane (5), 3/-; 4-joint (6), 3/6; 
Sugaring Nets (7), 2/6 & 3/-.. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/63 
zinc oval do., gd., 1/-, 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, gd. ; 2 compart- 
ments, 1/-. Setting Boards, oval, 1-in.6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d., 
2}-in. 1/-, 3-in. 1/2, 34-in, 1/4; flat do. same price. Cork 
Lining, 5d. per ft. super.» Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear 
Essence, 3d. bottle. “Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. bottle. 
Chip Boxes, 4 doz, 7d., 1/6 gross, Forceps, 1/6 pair. Glass- 
bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz. Naphthaline, }-Ib. 
tin 6d.. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d, & 1/- box ; black do., 
1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 by 10 4/-, 16 iy 
by 11 5/-, 17} by 12 6/-.. Larve Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double do, 
3/6. Leno, 4d. yard. Postage extra. .Full Illustrated Cata- 5 
logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, 
Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, ~ 
Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered — 
and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &o., &c., 
2d. post free. 


; 

a 

Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 2/6 1,000 4 
; 

| 


specimens on application, “ Larve Collector's Guide and 

Calendar,” 1/-. “Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. “Egg Col- 

lector's Guide and Calendar," 1/-, “ Bird Stuffing and Mount- 
ing,” illustrated, 1/-. Naturalist’s Year Book, 1/-. “Data’® 
Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do. - 

or British Birds do., 1/- each, The Naturalist’s Quarterly 

NET 7 Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2/6 
NE pe ae specimen copy 4G. Les BS Ge Bae Mare 

epidoptera, 6d. eference do., 3d. utter: o. only, 2d- 

FRAMES INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet. | Exchange Lists, 8d. doz. 
12-DRAWER INSECT CABINET, with mahogany glass panel door, camphor 
cells, and frames to glasses, £4 7S. 6d. In excellent condition, a great bargain. 

Reduced Price List of British Macro-Lepidoptera free on application. 

‘The Birds of Kent.’ Cr. 8vo. With map. 6s. 

‘ Bird and Animal Preserving and Mounting.’ Containing illustrations and working 
diagrams of methods employed in skinning, stuffing, and mounting Birds, Animals, Fish, 
and Reptiles; also collecting and preserving Birds’ Eggs and Insects, and objects o 
Natural History generally. Price Five Shillings. : 


A ELTORNEL Cea aa 


NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, 
(Opposite Post Office.) 


S'UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of 
5 Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. 
BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &c., kept 
in stock in large quantities. 
The largest stock of Eaas in England to select from, including many very rare 
species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. : 


7 
Revised List of British LeriporteRA, now ready, post free. - fy 
NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. : 

. 


Taxtpermy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants, 
Full general Catalogue and Special List of Eeas and Skins, post free, 


N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. 


OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. 
A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to x 
H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, ~ 
The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles, 
Fall List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &c., sent on application, 


“WATKINS. & DONCASTER 


- Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets 


~ Plain iting Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 3d., 25., 28.6d. Folding Nets 
3s. 6i., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self-acting), 7s. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d: 
Zine Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 18,, 1s. 6d., 28. Nested Chip Boxes, qd. per four dozen: 
Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, 1s., 1s. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 28. 6d- 
fo 8s. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1s. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, 
1s. 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 48., 58., 68. Setting 
- Boards, flat or oval, lin., 6d.; 14 in., 8d.; 2in.,10d.; 24in., 1s.; 34in., 1s. 4d.; 
4 in., Is, 6d.; 5 in., 1s. 10d.; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. 6d. Setting 
_ Houses, 9s, Gd., 11s. 6d.; corked back, 14s. Zinc Larva Boxes, 9d., 1s., 1s. 6d. 
- Breeding Oage, 2s. 6d., 4s., 5s., 78.6d. Ooleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 
~ 1s. 6d., 1s.8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1s. 6d., 28.9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. 
- Botanical Paper, 1s. 1d., 1s. 4d., 1s. 9d., 28. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Cases, 
2s. Gd. to lls. Oement for replacing Antenne, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, 
1s. 6d., 2s., 28.6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 3, best quality, 1s.6d. per dozen 
sheets. Brass Chloroform Bottle, 28. 6d. Insect Lens, ls. to 8s. Glass-top and 
Glass-bottomed Boxes from 1s: per dozen. Zine Killing Box, 9d., 1s. Pupa 
- Digger, in leather sheath, ls. 9d. ‘Taxidermist’s Companion, containing most 
necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6d. Scalpels, 1s. 3d.; Scissors, 2s. per 
pair; Egg-drills, 2d., 31., 94.; Blowpipes, 4d., 6d.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and 
Animals; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d.; ditto of Birds’ ges, 2d., 3d., 6d.; 
ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, ke. 
The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 
- to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is 
~ made entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover it can be shut up to 
- carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight 
and bulk. Prices.— With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four 
joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall 
be pleased to send on approval. 


mo OW- ROOM FOR CABINETS 


Of every description for Insects, Birvs’ Kaas, Coins, Microscopical, Opsects, 
Fossius, &e. Oatalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. 


A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS 


(BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). 
Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by Firat-class Workmen. 


_ Only Address :— 
~36 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (6 doors from Cuanina Cross). 


LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND 


Genuine British Species only Stocked. 


Ova, Larve, Pupex, and finest set insects in great quantity. 


: Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 


L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. 


BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. —Hyale, Valezina, Paniscus, 
each. C©-Album, Betule, W-Album, Lineola, 4d. Sinapis, 
Cinxia, Athalia, Lucina, Acton, 3d. Aglaia, Adippe, Paphia, Artemis, 

ii A Rubi, Comma, 2d. Adonis, Corydon, Minima, Alsus, Agestis, 

Tages, 1d. Arion, 1s. Hundreds of others; selections on approval. Also 

_ 4 Cabinets. 


FORD, South View, Irving Road, Bournemouth, 


- CONTENTS. a Catt! 
New American Bees.—V., 7. D. A. Cockerell, 265. Rew ‘ahandooe. om 
Trinidad, P. Cameron, 269. Observations on the Species of the Genus Calli- 
menus, Fischer de Waldheim (Orthoptera, Bradyporide) (concluded), A. M. 
Shuguroff, 270. The Dragonflies of Epping Forest (with illustration), F. W. 
dé H. Campion, 274. Description of a New Species of Ichneumon from 
Vancouver Island, P. Cameron, 277. Phaizna (Bombyx) lubricipeda, Linn., 
T. H. Briggs, 278. A Bibliographical Note on the Food-plants of Oriental 
Hemiptera, G. W. Kirkaldy, 282. Description of a New Species of Crabro- - 
nide from Borneo, P. Cameron, 283. Description of a New Plume-Moth 
from Ceylon, T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, 284. ‘Three New Bees from the Oriental 
Zoological Region, P. Cameron, 284. A Bibliographical Note on the Food of 
Miride (Hemiptera), G. W. Kirkaldy, 287. On the Bornean Tiphiide, in- 
cluding a New Genus, P. Cameron, 287. 


NorEs AND OssEeRVATIONS. — Denton’s Patent Butterfly Tablets, 289. Some 
Measurements of Sympetrum scoticum, Ff. W. d H. Campion, 289. Food- 
plants of Oporabia autumuata, Lowis B. Prowt, 289. Thecla pruni ab., C. N. 
Hughes, 290. Macroglossum stellatarum flying on Shipboard from Gibraltar 
to Suez, W. Feather, 290. To prevent Mould in Relaxing-boxes, H. V. Plum, 
290.  Pyralis lienigialis, Z., near Oxford, Huwstace R. Bankes: 291. Note on. 
the Name of a Cicada, T. D, A. Cockerell, 291. Ophiusa lianardi and. its 
Varieties, F. T. Leigh, 291. Colias edusa in 1907, Robert Adkin, 292. The 
Food-plants of Pyrameis cardui, H. Rowland: Brown, 292. On the Discovery 
of the Larva of Trichoptilus paludum, Zell., Arthur J. Scollick, 293. The — 
Lepidoptera of Gibraltar, #. W. Sowerby, 293. ‘* Homing ” Instincts (2). of 
Hyberating Insects, (Capt.) B. Tulloch, 293. The Raynor vollepeiog of - 
British Lepidoptera, 294. 


CAPTURES AND Fietp Reports.—Note on Nyssia Fapponearee L. G. Esson, 296. 
Lepidoptera on the Kentish Coast in 1907, G. H. Conquest, 296. Acidalia 
strigilaria at Folkestone, G. H. C inquest, 296. Wye Valley Notes: Capture of 
Xylina furcifera (conformis), Philip J. Barraud, 297. 


Socrrties.—Entomological Society of London, 298. The South London Entomo- 
logical and Natural History Society, 299. City of London Entomological 
Society, 800. Lane shire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 301. Birming- 
ham Entomological Society, 302. 


RECENT LITERATURE, 308. OBITUARY, 304. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC LANTERN SLIDES IN NATURAL COLOURS. 


LEPIDOPTERA AND THEIR LARVA® fe 
Photographed from life aud true to nature in every detail. Photos 
in Colour of Larve, life-size, on Ivorine tablets, to pin in the Cabinet. | 
Other Subjects. —British Birds, Wild Flowers, &e. 
Colour Slides made to order from any Specimen or Coloured Drawing. 
For list apply to— 


CHARLES D. HEAD, 2, Mount Vurnon, Dae Dusuin. 


JAMES GARDNER, 
MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, 
52, HIGH HOLBORN, anp : 
29, OXFORD STREET, nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road. 
PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. 


All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers 
are requested to note the Addresses, as mistakes occur daily. 


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