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THE
ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:
CONDUCTED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F-.Z:S. R. McLACHLAN, E.RS.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E:S. EK. SAUNDERS, F.LS.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &e.
SECOND SERIES-—-VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“We ought to attach more importance to observed facts than to theories, and
to believe in theories then only when they agree with the facts.” — Aristotle.
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
1898.
a i ere
5 ” . Hl t
‘hie c_
ts i
i j
: . LONDON :
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON
4 ’
MDCCCXCVIII.
INDEX.
PAGE
WONTRIBUTORS] weurceccsccssechasseccese seer eoecoues i
MMEN DUA TB UND EX | o2is<cccs ceecghuas don'snen che aederses ii
SpeciAL InDEX—
Woleop bere pr cess-t tse sceee seo at seuaeczesnt vili
WPUPECT Ave. scote secs ret eieese st sesees sibel the SMA ix
HEV GM TP LOLA ec danscessesceasccesessenecser=ssea-mo) x
[Eis CNO PLETAL ans -ccaceccesse- here sessesnec ae: x
PAGE
_ SpPecIAL INDEX (continued)—
IDO LOBSTER, ccc anencacossaoboaonsddscde70Dc8000 xi
INEWERGDIEVEE saacoe cancabeanooonoscaca9990r 660094005 xiii
Oxthopbeyamesstsetsncearasadesnceestaccrerts xiv
GENERA AND SPECIES NEW TO SCIENCE ... Xiv
” » 2 2” 2? BRITAIN .. xV
EDR A DAW case coe e rane cation ions Geistedtien seed Pee
INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.
PAGE
Adams, F. C., F.ZS. ............42, 63, 255, 276
Austen, Ernest E. ...8, 35, 81
Bailey, J. Harold, M.B. ..................80, 186
Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., F.E.S. ...2, 65, 66,
162, 185, 196, 242, 263. 279
Barrett, C. G., F.E.S......4, 106, 204, 231, 228
Bartlett, H.C. . sala ....283
Beare, Prof. T. Heda, BSe,, RB RSE. ..255
IBGE VODA ATs IH ZESe: cs spssccercatied.cosseceen oi
Benthall, Rev. C. F., M.A................0000. 87
IBtoqegwayd ny Dyes Miss co qcdos cbdesoeaapbnecd setae: M0)
Bignell, G. C., F.ES.........6, 40, 99, 112, 162,
205, 224, 275
Blandford, W. F. H., M.A., F.Z.S...24, 45, 69,
92, 117, 189, 262
Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., F.E.S. ..7, 137,
262
BOWED Ms AL HORN Os te eectcene econ see nen. LAO
Bradley, Ralph C. ..... ...............62, 63, 186
prices. CyAC HMB Sarc.ceuk esas. aase tee eee OO
Bucknill, L. M. ae ...19, 65
Burgess-Sopp, E. J., F.E. S.. .. 19, 114
Burr, Malcolm, F.Z.S. Ses becrtaua tig toe 177
Carpenter, G. H., B.Sc., F.E.S. ...78, 109
Champion, G. C., F.Z.S...16, 52, 101, 128, 138,
160, 175, 209, 217, 218, 258, 266, 269
Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.E.S. SAD
Chitty, A. J., MA. FES. 279, 280
Churchill, J. F., M.R.C.S. AF 0 aYbl hig.
Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A., F.Z.S. ............184
Cruttwell, Rev. C. T., M.A. .............0.+..232
WAAC HW ist hr Bios tccstiaredoeetetcaiscccsttesss oS
Digby, Rev. C. R., M.A. ...150, 210
DONCASTOMAMi De teinteace Redvers tetiesd suc coste esse
PAGE
Douglas, J. W., F.E.S. ...112, 138
Durrant, J. Hartley, F.E.S...34, 1385, 180, 225,
246
Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S...117, 154, 265
Why wemels, Viewers, WIS, coo ncacde nse ase donno santhe)
TDileape, VEINS HG so5ccscsqnce 000 006 con an dso soo eno cnoA!)
Elliman, E. Geo...................40, 88, 160, 257
TOynei0) es JOS 1 Dats eaauen ec cericodeeeoontneasacdsnted 43)"
HISATINNA Wiss Wate tease oon ceeateeus tase ncn eelssaisne adh
Ficklin, A. ee ..199, 231
Fowler, Rev. Canon W. W. M. ia E LS...231
Breeman, Reve Re, MlAl Sirens -seess ses 2OM)
TEAR, 1Bls 85 Soase.003 uo RAY BONG)
Grimshaw, Percy H., p. i. 8. sera caves sees Ow
Guthrie, W. Guittuldh: vot id sidecibge
Harwood, Bernard H.. ............ +22 000+ee00++-- 64
jar Wills (Chs Wiles 6 pacshnees capess cncocoon ob llls)
Eolland Wee ee eee nae
TBinearest, Cis, (Or osu oan scoocauec ousocommonasctconq octal)
Jennings, F. B. sstekacede ...18, 87
Jones, A. Hugh, F.ELS................25, 65, 270
UGG fs, UETNGE 180 cononeee connor non ede oneoconce cael 3)
Kang. Jerdey Bex, PES. weeeee LB4, 233
Kirkaldy, G. W., B.ELS...........2...0+0+ +2178
Teaver, deren 180, Cl WIGIDS Sccinnocsscnadoa boshanonoZ10)
Lathy, Percy I. Soci josoba oon U0) -r-t3)
TIL Aab TR ANVc5 INDE, cocncocsoncadcdescosdoon sant Ale:
Longstaff, G. B., M.D., L.C.C. ...............278
Lowe, Rev. F. H., M.A., F.E.S.... oe DOK
McLachlan, R., F.R.S....21, 46, 153, ‘162, 186,
226, 228, 233, 247, 248, 272
Mason, J. Hardley ...................0....209, 210
Mason, P. B., M.B.C.S., F.LS..............-.207
i.
PAGE
PAGE |
Bagous lutosus, Gyll., and B. slabrirsts Hbet, Cutulentns Gy p of British
Collections
Merrifield, F'., F.E.S. ...............++-69, 91, 262 | Swale, Harold, M.D. ...210
Morice, Rev. F. D., M.A., F.E.S. . .....127 | Swinton, A. H., F.E.S. Sk eed
Morley, Claude, F'.H.S. ...20, 84, 160, 21352215 | Dhompson, Mn WUieeesevsseeesecteeeesesseeeeeeeecere)
267, 279 Thouless, H. J. mepoccd tay AUS. ANS
Mortimer, C. H.. Ba emeocsocs Of Tomlin, B., F.E.S. ever 1ee 256, 257
Morton, Kenneth re FES. oe 107,158 | Turner, H. J., PLES. ..........--23, 45, 91, 141,
INGVHINEIA IDb ANS coo conccacodcan non bos adnnon one nooo ots 189, 216, 261
Newstead, R., F.E.S...........c2sc0ceeeeeeeeeeeee92 | Wainwright, C. J., F.E.S. ......21, 45, 69, 89,
Bonrabes Che Ds (HAIG (ate ye ss csauee.csnarmeeeo 140, 187, 216, 259
Prideaux, R. M. 1.1258, 278 | Walker, ae aay Fe i ee
Ieee Cro Satie suas vl | Walsingham, Rt, Hon. Lord, M.A. LL.D.,
Saunders, E., F.L.S. ...188, 210, Nou 213, 232, E.R.S...... 84, 70; 131, 135, 166; 172) 1180:
233, 250, 251 190, 205, 225, 244
Saunders, H. A. sessssessseseeeaee209 | Webb, Sydney .. ...20, 87
Havre, \i¥o 19. cogcconosoe0 000 oodoneseeeudend 960.000 000/48) Wilkinson, G... oak Ay RS
Sladen: HE aaWieilicsecneeeescerescOy cluded Wood, Rev. Theodore unnicil "207, 208, 233
Smith, W. W., F.ES. ...125, 162
Strickland, T. A. Gerald, F.E:S..........88, 103
GENERAL INDEX.
PAGE
Aberdeen, Diptera from 137
Acanthia inodora, Dugés cs co aL
Acanthiz on tame rabbits .. dee Liais}
Aculeates taken at Sutton Coldfield in 1897 8 wan 02
/AMschna borealis, Zett., 1840, = A. cerulea, Strom, 1783, ae not m squam-
ata, Miull., 1764, 3 p 226
Aétophorus imperialis, Germ., A new lowell fo . 114
Acronycta alni at Clifton, 253 ; Gloucester ee wind wn azo
Amphisbatis incongruella, Stn., Albinic aberration of, 162; Obeereuee on
the habits of : 162
Anaspis latipalpis, Schilsky : an sadition ¢ to 5 he British list, an reraree on
various other species of the genus bie ok a 1 LOL
Anchomenus gracilipes, Duftsch., in Britain: an additionai record 221, 279
Andrena proxima at Osmington , 210
Andricus (Aphilotrix) cortiecis, L., and A. pone ane 40
Aphides, Notes on 5
Aphodii in the burrows of Geoumnes ee ode 550 sae he nss
Aprogzrema, Drnt. (— Anacampsis, Auct.), On a new species from England,
242; Sangiella, Stn., Description of the larva and pupa of 5a con 2
Aradidee, Diagnoses of some new ... 100
Argynnis Paphia, Aberration of (Plate a 1
“ Argyresthia ” decimella, Stn., Notes on the unique : e638
Aristotelia lucidella, Stph., Deedes of the larva of, 205; one Z., an
addition to the British Fauna (Lep. Tineina) 172
Asphalia ridens: Results of protracted pupal condition 106
Aspidiotus Greenii ... 184
lil.
PAGE
Bembidium punctulatum, Drap., in the Lea Valley 87
Birds and Butterflies Ss 162
Bittacus Hageni, Brauer, in Wallachia : ; 233
Bombus hortorum, race meine Notes on a nest tae 250; Sites
near Rye Ge 254
Brachysomus hirtus, Boh. (nate “ee Boh. yh at Chatien ei 17
Brephos parthenias, Singular habit in 231
Bucculatrix Demaryella, Stn., feeding on hazel ... 279
Bucks, Coleoptera in the neighbourhood of Chesham 160
Butterflies in Provence, Spring 201
Butterflies seen in and around Jerusalem.. see a te 181
Caddis flies in 1897, Ten weeks at the foot of Beinn Doireann in Feat of ... 184
Callicera nea, F’., in the New Forest 254
Calopterygine, two species from the Island of Lome 272
Caradrina ambigua, Description of the larva of ... 276
Cephenomyia auribarbis, Meigen, Larve of 5
Ceroplatus sesioides, Wahlb. ? a new British Diptevon ... 276
Chatham District, Coleoptera in the one 4 ae 161
Chloriona, Fieb., Notes on the genus, with descriptions of a new species 58
Cidaria sagittata, Notes on the larva of "6
Coccide, Observations on, No. 17 .. 92
Colchester District, Coleoptera in the - 64
Coleoptera, Additions, &c.,to the list of British, fan 1898, 260; at Chingentien
and Wicken Fens, 220; at Hastings, 17; at Llanfairfechan, N. Wales,
257; at Porlock, 207; &c., in the Blean Woods, Kent, 208; in flood
rubbish in the Isle of Sheppey, 56; in the Colchester District, 64; in
the Isle of Wight, 218; in the Manchester district during 1897,17; in the
neighbourhood of Chesham, Bucks, 160; in the Plymouth district, 113 ;
near Bridgend, 256; notabilia of the Liverpool district in 1897, 19;
on a Yorkshire moor, 113; The list of Yorkshire ... ; oA soo A
Coleopterous notes for August : 255
Colias Edusa in 1898, 231; in the iigis of Sheppey 252; near Guildford,
Land’s End ; : : 60 w. 203
Corsican Micro-Lepidoptera, New .. a Acie 131
Cossus ligniperda: change of habit of larva when ichneumoned 5
Crabro gonager, &c., at Putney, 210; in Kensington .. 280
Cryptohypnus meridionalis, Lap.: an addition to the list of British Hlateridee 207
Cumberland, Micro-Lepidoptera in : 86
Curtis’ British Entomology, Note on the 2nd Edition of 225
Cynomyia alpina, Zett., in Warwickshire 63, 186
Dasycampa rubiginea, F., Observations on the pairing of 65
Deilephila galii bred by forcing ta os 66 f 87
Dianthecia luteago, var. Barrettii, and Polia Pi ueigemene in a 199
Dichrorampha sequana, Hb., Food-plants of # . 185
Diptera from Oxfordshire, 280; from Suffolk, Aeon a 137 ; eae in
the New Forest see ... 42, 63, 276
Dryophanta disticha, Onsteatina’s on fe ae ie a nee AB
Dyschirius «neus, Notes on a small varietal fie occurring in fie Isle of
Wight, &c. : the wae sae 258
iv.
PAGE
Electric Light at Zermatt, Lepidoptera at 008 0 soe nee Pre Ag
Emesa mantis, F.: synonymical note _... - ss 65 oo . 208
Engadine, Rhopalocera in the Upper doc 25
Ephemeride taken by Mr. McLachlan in he aeuiet of hs ite ae Tote
(Swiss Jura)... Abe ae ee ae ee aes Boo =46}3)
Erebia lappona in the Upper nee 500 Oo 300 noc a “sOD
Hrebia, The genus ... sae stad ihe S66 500 aes wa) 65
Euphorus ornatus, Marshall, at Trebeiee ae ia 3s 300 me GZ
Forficula auricularia in New Zealand se 08 ae aa oie ... 162
Frauenfeldia rubricosa, Mg.: an addition to the British Muscide ... pos, | alll
Gelechia confinis, Stn.,a northern form of G. similis, 196; fraternella, Del.,
Food plant of ... tds aa Ses eh wae sa ie 50.) dls)
Geotrupes, Aphodii in the burrows of _... ee as ee Bn Bane ste)
Gerris najas, De Geer, in the North wa a tis *: 08 Pee 0)
Goeze’s Beitriige, Note on ... sO
Harpalus discoideus, Fab., at Oxon 279 ; Teese Stur m eros, pe an
addition to the British list ... Ag: hi ie yee wee Recah Malus)
Hastings Coleoptera in 1897 ae ae ie Ags a an Acad th 7/ tb
Hemiptera in the Channel Islands .. oe sae 2 He = ee Z09)
Heptaulacus testudinarius, Habits of 008 wee e Set wee . 114
Heteroptera in 1897, , Aas Se : ee oe ee Ane oe! alll
Homalota clancula, Er., near Chesham, 40; marcida, Er., An additional
character in the male, 88 ; (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kraatz, at Guildford, 160;
(Rhopolocera) clavigera, Scriba: an addition to the list of British Staphy-
linide ... ae Oss Sb ay B66 yd bat Aso ... 266
Horn-feeding larve .. : ses one uae = cae vo = 244
Hydrometrid, A new marine , (Pl, III) a6 a sn sae ... 78, 109
Hydroptilide, Two new, from Scotland and Algeria sespeerenle 460 swage Oly,
Hymenoptera aculeata at Littlehampton, 213; at Newquay, N. Cornwall, 41 ;
at Stowborough Heath, Dorset, 41; Rare Aculeates taken on the Kent
coast this year .. a sia 306 - cae a ei a5 Alls
Hyperetes guestfalicus, Rei a genus and species of apterous Psocide new
to Britain . 247
Hystricopsylla talpz, Curt. (obtain, Rite ), at Ohebons: 63 ; at Dedincieee
Kent . oe a i tae a ed far 280
Injury to ait by Sfions juvencus .. : 360 500 = OS
International Congress of Zoology at Ghai 8 in 1898 aoe C08 40, 217
Ischnomera sanguinicollis at Leigh Woods, Bristol ee bot = .- 186
Isle of Wight, Coleoptera in the ... ei F o-0 000 006 poo lis)
Isopteryx torrentium, Pict., and I. Bur cue Pict., with notes on other
species of the genus... 006 Bo 900 366 200 ne oS
Kent, North West, Tineina of ins wae cae yok ves as soy 142
Lemophleeus ater, &c., at Chilbolton, Hants a ae sa Pe etiacak tls}
Langelandia anophthalma, Aubé, &e., at Broadstairs... Nee : J ee233
Larva of Aristotelia lucidella, Stph., Description of, 205; Caradrina ambigua,
Description of, 276; of Cidaria sagittata, Notes on the ... a RAG
Larve, Horn-feeding - bop 650 We 260 wit a v. 244,
Lasiocampa trifolii: a freak of nature...
zs
PAG
Lathridius filiformis, Gyll., at Upper Tooting... dea ae on 208
Laverna vinolentella, H.-S., Economy of .. be . 204
Lepidoptera at Electric light at Zermatt, 270 ; from a Onno Tocal varia-
tion in, 4; Stray notes on some South African ae 800 Sao soa ZS)
Libellula znea, Linn. : a study in Nomenclature si : 3 228
Limnophilus affinis at sea, ten miles from land, 21 ; nigriceps, Zt, at Tein 20
Liothula omnivora, Fereday, On the habits of .., doo 60 fe soo LB)
Lively halves of a bisected insect ... we es af! of ae sme. Oh
Liverpool district, Coleoptera notabilia of a hs an oes Soa, sisi)
Lombock, Two species of Calopterygine from... a6 860 Hee con 4
Lozopera Beatricella, Wlsm., in Kent, 231; Francillonana, F. Pim ein
its allies (Pl. II) us sat 70
Lycena alsus, Second brood of, 253 ; eee in si VEG Valley, 253 ;
(Tarucus) woes F., in te a oT new to the fauna of
Europe ... ue my ee bh PR RING A,
Mallota eristaloides, Lw., in ‘the New Fores in 1898 ie a a: ZOO
Manchester district, Coleoptera in the, during 1897 Be ae zat eH 430
Mecostethus grossus in the New Forest ... ane aif ahs sac .. 238
Megachile versicolor near Maidstone abe is UB si we AZO:
Metatropis rufescens, H.-S., at Woking ... 900 209
Micro-Lepidoptera of the Reading District, Stray notes on some, 150; in Bian
berland, 86; New Corsican, 131; Ragonot Collection of, 40; Revision of
the nomenclature of ... ae aoe au cee Ee df 34, 135
Mites wanted By av ay be : : Ht zr AS
Mordella and Mordellistena, Sera characters of, 128 ; enieton ¢ in “Ne form
of the maxille of Bs : ns ds oe wa LG
Muscidz, Recent addition to the British list se Pa 8 7 aon (hy ie)
Naphthaline in excess injurious to Collections ... a OBS af OO
Narcyia melanella, Hw.: a point of nomenclature r BOG bef noo StS
Nebria complanata at Briton Ferry ae a0 a 24 ig eo
Neuroptera collected by Mr. Malcolm Burr in Wallachia, Bosnia, Hercegovina,
ete., in July and August, 1898, 248; in North Devon, Harly _... noe OE
Neuroterus Schlechtendali bred ... So aa a ste ca ... 224
New Forest, Diptera taken in the ... ae ae 2: A ... 42, 254, 255
Norwich, Some recent captures of Lepidoptera around ... 23. a soo UNE
Oak Galls _ ... at eo 699
OBITUARIES :—Candéze, ee Culasts? MLD. ‘BES, 187, 215; enna
George Christopher, F.E.S., Zhe Escallc, Prof. Mariano de
la Paz, 140; Horn, Cece Henry, M.D., 43; Lintner,
Joseph Albert, Ph.D., 165; Maskell, William Miles, 139,
165; Migneaux, Jules, 140; Noualhier, M. J. Maurice,
165; Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., &c., 164; Thomson,
James, 68; Van Voorst, John, F.L.S. a a joa ell
Cistrine parasites of British Deer ae ie abc ai 2 i Su 8
Orkneys, Local varieties of Lepidoptera from... Ae SBE ae Ee 4
Ornix fagivora, Correction respecting : abe ue nae ss oon PALO
Orsodacna, The colour varieties of the British species of “ sae lida
Orthoptera collected by Rev. A. E. Eaton in Algeria, 177; from Japan and
Korea ... set sera Bets ie it aie as ees
Vi.
PAGE
Orthotenia ericetana in Scotland . a vo 232
Otiorrhynchus raucus, F., and one Colenpiaeas in ee Chatham District vs LL
Oxycera dives, Loew, at Rannoch, and notes on the genus Nop HS Ber lv ete)
Packing Coleoptera: a new way for long distances bon ane Ae onet aS
Philonthus fuscus, Grav., in Chatham Dockyard... os $5: ee Pee 31)
Phlogophora meticulosa, L., in mid-December... a an as .. 66
Photographic Enlargements (Plate V), 205; of Entomological specimens,
Further notes on the direct (Plate IV) p00 0 re ave a Os
Pieris brassice, A third brood of . ae an 6 a ma noo hs
Pionosomus varius, Wolff, Re-occurrence of at Deal ae Ate ad poo AOS)
Pissodes notatus near Bournemouth, near Wellington, Berks ... bon Pe od iS)
Platystethus alutaceus, Thoms., at Chobham _... we. 232
Ploiaria Beerensprungi, Dohrn, an addition to the list of ‘British Reduviide aly
Plymouth District, Coleoptera in the 086 ; lls
Peeciloscytus vulneratus, Wolff, an addition to the list of British Hae 15
Polia xanthomista in Cornwall... tae 55° 500 B08 aa Sor ie)
Polyommatus Alexis (?) in February __... ane a6 se 300 Ri uteri
Pompilus unicolor near Dover ss : 50 2 ae soa AW)
Prestwichia aquatica, Lubbock, Notes on the ane stages of ... sae ela
Prosopis dilatata near Maidstone ... sor coe a se ot owe. 20)
Provence, Spriug Butterflies in ... 50 ac 001 306 500 .. 201
Psithyrus rupestris, F., var. arenaria, Pz., at Benton # con ALO)
Psocide from the Eastern Pyrenees, 153 ; Sibi: Bpeaeitac, Kolbe,
new genus and species to Britain... oc 900 a0 w. 247
Psocus major, Loew, in Surrey... Ga st BS aie sec 6G.
Psychodide, Supplement to a Synopsis of British 560 ae wre 117, 154
Pyrameis cardui, Late appearance of hie tes ob 60 A soe AP)
Pyrrhocoris apterus on the Orestone Rock ve aie 060 ts ste ee
Quedius nigroceruleus, Muls., an additional British record ... 350) peel | CASES
Ragonot Collection of Micro-Lepidoptera 306 a6d 380 Hus .. 40
Reading district, Stray notes on some Micro-Lepidoptera of _... ae 150
Reviews :—“ Report of the Government Entomologist (C. G. H.) for 1896: a
by C. P. Lounsbury, 43; “ British Orthoptera”’ by Malcolm
Burr, F.E.S., 139; ‘Twelfth Report on the Injurious and
other Insects of the State of New York:” by J. A. Lintner,
Ph.D., 163; “ The Insects of Alderney :” by W. A. Luff, 163 ;
“A Text Book of Entomology ;” by A. S. Packard, M.D.,
Ph.D., 163 ; “The Pterophoride of North America:” by C.
H. Fernald, A.M., Ph.D., 190; “ Further Coccid Notes :” by
(the late) W. M. Maskell, 234; “Fauna Regni Hungarica
Hemiptera :” by Dr. G. Horvath, 234; “ Insect Lives, as told
by themselves :’? by E. Simpson, 2385; “ Insects: foes and
friends :” by W. Egmont Kirby, M.D.... ant S00 239
Rhagovelia and Trochopus .. 060 560 580 ee bo 060 con HOW
Rhinomacer attelaboides, F, at Ipswich .. 800 000 60 peo Ae)
Rhopalocera of the Alps, particularly the Baer ee 00 are nO
Scolopostethus grandis, Horv., at Tunbridge Wells a0 300 on wo) SS
Sheppey, Coleoptera in flood rubbish in the Isle of not a 00 Bos a, EE
Silpha levigata, Fab., The food of... ee see a ak Rt ace tlie)
Vil.
PAGE
Silvanus similis near Southampton B08 veh O08 fas Ne vw. 65
Sirex juvencus, Injury to cloth by .. ae wae 00 ae Son tn 1 88
Sirices in Suffolk ... se . 2138
SoOcrETiEs :—Birmingham Tain ornelioateel eoticty, 21, 44, 68, 89, 140, 187, 216,
259; Cambridge Entomological Society, 21; Entomological
Saati of London, 28, 45, 69, 91, 116, 189, 261; Lancashire
and Cheshire Entomological Society, 236; South London, &c.,
Society, 22, 45, 89, 141, 188, 216 ae 556 nos PASS)
South African Lepidoptera, Stray notes on some... a0 0 800 ... 238
Sparrows and Hive Bees ... a5 ee 5 309 be 906 .. 233
Sphzenogona: a new species from Jamaica hs 660 ae ane ... 200
Sphinx convolvuli, &., in North Devon ... A: se a as noo PALS)
Stainton Entomological Library, The ... S00 oe 268 360 ... 208
Suffolk, Diptera from a aA aa LB
Surrey, Tinzina of North West ‘Risa ee Egiitar: ee ae 660 pea A
Tenthredinide, Some new British ... acs wes a Le sti soo A ar/
Terias: a new species from Haiti ... doe 600 bs abt sid . 223
Thecla querctis, Aberration of (Plate I) . Mi 200 a6 56 x00 1
Tineina of North West Kent and sdjitie portion of Be 30 .. 142
Teeniocampa munda in the autumn ee sac x nis0 : 65
Tomoxia, Mordella and Mordellistena, The sexual eittacters of the British
species of ait : ae se a ans o2s8
Trachys pumila, Ill., and athe: beeen d in iene aga Bee 308 a6 asa, 0D
Trichoptera : some new species belonging to the European fauna, and notes on
others... : 30 006 206 bac O56 300 300 ww. = 46
Trochopus and BUR esee 500 ona Wiepierisec as 860 te sco OE)
Vespa austriaca, Panz., inquiline in the nest of v. THEI. | GGc ato doo) lll
Water bugs, An economic use for ... Bp Ae oe So aps Pree lide
Xanthia ocellaris at Woking p0¢ 500 ase sii sis .. 253
Xylocoridea brevipennis, Reut.: a new genus and species to the list of British
Hemiptera 6b 600 es Sh v. coll
Xylophilus brevicornis, Be, at Heathfield, See , 279
Yorkshire moor, Coleoptera on a, 113; Coleoptera, The list of... Bee we 232
yiil.
SPECIAL INDEX.
COLEOPTERA.
PAGE
Wcheniumbyhimilepeeeereee eee cesses,
FiDEAPUTEYADUEY | Googetanbecdnaaectecamanomecnooy oo LY
Aétophorus imperialis .............00-000. 114
Agathidium nigripenne Reco 9 2S
Aleochara ruficornis ..........0.c0000--+ ++ 64, 257
Amara patricia, 279; rufocincta, 18 ;
spreta, 114; strenua . 56
Amphotis marginata.. a wee 64
Anaspis Coste, 102 ; Tene a 401, 270
Anchomenus gracilipes, 221, 279; livens.. 18
Anisodactylus peeciloides ..................-.. 256
Anisotoma cinnamomea . 280
Anisoxya fuscula . 209
Anthicus bimaculatus ..............008+. 19
Anthonomus rosine ........... ..... 208
Aphodius consputus, 57, o79; porcus...... 64
Apion cruentatum, 161; fuscirostre, 64,
161; limonii, 64; Schonherri, 57 ;
stolidumesseensssee 18
Bagous lutosus, &c., 52, “270 0; See: 257
Bembidium Clarki, 64; punctulatum, 87 ;
stomoides 19
iBlediuswbicounismesseeetereete ee eeeee eee LO
Brachysomusyhirbusiesspeeesescescseesseeseesme Ld
Brachytarsus fasciatus ..............-....2.+5. 208
Bythinus Burrelli ... 118, 160
Callidium variabile 64
@aloderaimipariareeres eee ce eteeoceee Ls
Carabus arvensis, 114; nitens............... 19
Cathormiocerus socius .......... sop ALLY)
Ceuthorrhynchidius Thee 14; toe
talisneseaesssces ff Soi REMIT,
Ceuthorrhynchus aaseeatis 161; a
LUIS) Jesters ease seuionstiesneehics aeity eee re eames icy
Cicindela germanica ..218, 256
Cis alni ; ..64, 208
Clytus mysticus, var. iter See sate 269
Cnemidotus impressus .................2065. 57
Colon latum, 160, 279; serripes ...161, 208
Compsochilus palpalis ........................ 16L
Coniporayorbiculataeeseste eee eee OO
Corticeus (Hypophlceus) ie is. 270
Crepidodera nitidula .. aaeaat 64
Cryptohypnus attire, “957 ; seal
onalis .. ss ...207, 279
Crone foe SRE Kee SOA
PAGE
Deleaster dichrous ...............s000+-+1.+-04, 209
Dendrophilus pygmeus ..................118, 208
Donactarcinereatee- sees ees 18
Dromims; vectemsis).-. cece cesses eee
Dyschirius zeneus, var. ............ 0+ .. 258
Dytiscus circumflexus .......0.-0 cect senses) OM)
sHutheiayplicatall yenq-seeseentspeee eel eee reemEcS
Exomias pellucidus, 208 ; pyrenzeus ...... 113
Gnypeta caerulea ......... 0. .eeceeeeee-- +e L13, 207
Grammoptera analis ...........-.----:--++-799) LOd
Gyrinus Suffriani, 18; urinator ......... 17, 113
Hiemoniay Curtisiy -:ceseeeere eee eee eee ee eee
Hallomenus humeralis .............. . 64
Harpalus cordatus, 18; sreshilewey, 219;
Freelichi, 84, 269; obscurus, 256;
servus Byaaenese © .. 18, 64
Helops) pallidus) tesco eee eee
Heptaulacus testudinarius...............114, 138
Homalium nigriceps, 16; tricolor ...... 16, 279
Homalota clancula, 40, 160, 279; clavi-
gera, 266, 269; currax, &., 118, 257;
marcida, 88; pruinosa ... 160, 270
Hydrophilus piceus Sidnwasdegeeep eyed
Hydroporus marginatus, 113; melee
lus, &c. . 114
Hypera pollux waste 18
Ischnodes sanguinicollis .............. .. ... 207
Ischnomera sanguinicollis 186
Laccophilus variegatus....................... 18
Lemophlceus ater ... 113
Langelandia anophthalma .................. 233
Lathridius filiformis .......................... 208
Leptinus testaceus ....,..5. ee een
Inicinws|sihphoides|a--e-seeieee eee
Lyctus brunneus Peo saceues UL}
Masoreus) Wietterbaliceesessesse eee eee te
Medon\fuscullusisssco-eceee eee eee eee eee ean Ol
Megacronus inclinans 64
Melasis buprestoides ............-.....5........ 64
Meligethes symphyti, umbrosus ............ 161
Microrrhagus pygmeus 208
Molytes coronatus . : Boe so tbe
Mordella sears 208 ; Brin: ax coco ZY)
Mordellistena abdominalis, &c ,129; brun-
nea, 19; neuwaldeggiana ......... 130, 270
Myrmetes piceus ..............:.000+e eee tld, 209
INebria) complanatalc sss. -e er eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee a
PAAE
Neuraphes longicollis (preeteritus) ......... 161
Nitidula rufipes ... ... 64, 219
Oberea oculata .. qpocomacangesn lly PASS)
Ocypus pedator, 219; ae einsentsaeeae elo
Orchestes pratensis ...17, 220
Orsodacna cerasi, 64, 176, onl; cerasi, var.
glabrata, 279; lineola ...............64, 175
Osphya bipunctata..:-..-.....-.....-.-......... 162
64, 161
Panageus 4-pustulatus............:00e0e 64
Ofronhynchus raucusessee sees eee
Parnus nitidulus ............. soo 4340} :
Philonthus fumigatus, 160 ; ee 139 ;
lteensitessses:--: Bees teeocecben coon ull}
Phytosus balticus, spiitoe Sra soo aueaacey LO
19, 32
latycismmMinutaescayes- fees teases eeeeceen a0)
Rlatyrhinusylatirostrises.-..-<s-<1-2-----0--5 204
Platystethus alutaceus ...232, 270
Polydrosus chrysomela, 64; flavipes ...... 208
Rolystiehusivitbacuspesseesesaesseeeeoeccsaaen Ol
Pterostichus ethiops...............2:0-eeee-- 114
Ptinus germanus .....-.. epeesaca se.) oe)
Quedius auricomus, 113; ee 64, 113,
209, 280; Kraatzi, 269; longicornis,
NBs We ROCRATOTNS Sop ccccocsnondonconaa PASI
Rhinomacer attelaboides ..................... 160
Rhinoncus denticollis, 208 ; inconspectus,
18, 64
Rhytidosomus globulus ..................... 208
SaAprimus virescenswerrecce-esseesnscecessescces Od
Sil phavlcovi cataeesreeset tecnicdancsccecccs lS
Silvanus similis .............. .. 64
Staphylinus fulvipes, 220; enn soe JIG
Siilveusisubtilisteee- eeeeeeceee eee oe) LO
Siylops melittze ects en-esteeesseeeecetrec STO
Syucalypbayspinosa esees-p-c--s-ecret-o--se LOO
JPSSOVSIOS TROIS). Guo nssnou ado ssa coroco ove ccd ans
Machinus elongatulus <2..--.....---.s000----- 64)
Relmatophilusisparganiten-.----4-24s2--e LS
161, 208
sal verarsenl Ceaberr she-essesrene nase deco eG
Tomoxia) picubtata, Ge... ...-------.----.---04 Lag
rachodessmspidus meyers cease ee LOS
Rrachysipimll Awe Ola aio
Prarchiron Mankelis eserensceencdeccsc--eers 200,
Trichonyx Markeli, sulcicollis............... 161
divajal eee IRs ENN! aoonocenceorenansaoedcsens, AUS;
Trogophloeus foveolatus .......:.seee eee 64
MehratbOmMarancOlacascsecsssssnecsseeereeee
Xylophilus brevicornis ..................... «. 279
Zeugophora flavicollis ............:sseseeeeeee 64
1X.
DIPTERA.
PAGE
Actena tibialis ...42, 137
Alophora hemiptera ............:..csc0eeeeee 42
ANIMA ONERS TODEATENIEY sacsocenucsosaconbdcacocee JISYS
AN AGTRTE) 130) KAD) coo coo aonnoo sau cases scoboosooues 24
Bigonocheta spinipes .............seseeeeeeee 42
Brachycomajertatica anaes ees
..-..42, 187
Callicera znea.. Bate sco WARE
Carphotricha Peace 137; iat 42
Cephalops pilosus ...........cccsesseeeeserseneee 4D
..79, 137
Ceratinostoma ostiorum ..................055 137
Brachyopa bicolor ..
Cephenomyia auribarbis ................
Ceroplatus sesioides .............eeccseeceseees 276
Chetolyga quadripustulata .................. 187
Chilosiabflaviconniswesen sess eeore eee eee
Chrysomyza demandata ..................... 137
Chrysonotus bipuuctatus ........... ......42, 137
Chyliza atriseta, 137; leptogaster
C@cenosiavelegantula, Site.ceccc-cccss-csceeees 42
Conopsiceritiormispeeeeee es eeeee eee eee Lot
Criorrhina ies hacautne Renee ae
Cynomyia alpina, 63, 186; mortuorum... 42
Droctrianlinednispeese tessa meee meee
TB ERITE, GCORSEINS cc scg dcp 000 dou 00d dao 098000008
Hpitriptus cingulatus) ..-...-¢-0....--------- Lo”
Eumerus ornatus, 42; sabulonum ......... 43
TION TAUSEICD, oouccancovccnasosesc00pencooes |
Frauenfeldia rubricosa ................::.06. 81
Gonyglossuam Wiedemanni ..... ............ 137
Hematopota crassicornis ................4.
Helophilus transfugus, 137; versicolor,
PASO GARAADS sosssusnacoosedcacsobccdococon GY’
Heteroneura albimana ........................ 48
EVomalomiyiayRoserlieesessese-eeceereeee ene ae
Eiyvetodesiaulestapeeseeessces cree ere ee ae
Hypoderma Actzon, Die doses 12
Hystricopsylla talpa..............
Waphriaytlayawecmecest ceesaycetcc tence eons ee “37
IGT AO HE, ATATONVITS coocce cccoseccnconosccsnodoss 4H
iparalucenswwess./ss.0heesesseseeeseese) 43
issaploxocerinama cay eesseeceenecesee ee eee eae
Wucinagiasciatameer esse ees eee eee een Oa
Mallota eristaloides ......................0.... 265
Metopia campestris ...........-.e0eeeeeeeereee 42
Micropalpus comptus, 38 ; wae pothaths 36
Miltogramma punctata .................0. 42
Myjocerarcarimitronsicss:..scccneesseeetectee Ae
Myiolepta)luteolar s2-ssevcresesnee-ereesee can 42
My obiatenestratateer:-ussesesetssiceescen) 4a
PAGE
Nemora quadraticornis ........ 36
Ny ctiavhalteratarcns.wemwescesscaatse si cceatnes
42
Oxyiceraidiviesscnscseeceesson sees 88
Pachygaster ater 3 . 137
Pegomyia flavipes, latitarsis.................. 42
Phalacrocera replicata ..................+..+-. 137
Pharyngomyia picta ..........c0...e000eee0ees 10
NaS aP Ob Massccoccaneseccecees ates see EOD
Phoraymaculataweeeeteeetrdcee eee eS
Phorocerayncertay eesneccs cei
Platycephala planifrons . 137
Platychirus angustatus...............000.. 42
Platyuraymaarginatayeescenest tee eee
Pocota apiformis oe ... 187
Psychoda albipennis, 122; erminea, "164;
humeralis, 156, var. mauritanica (var.
n.), Eaton, 157; lucifuga, 124; phale-
noides, 120; sexpunctata ............... 123
Sciomyza Sch@nherri............ .............. 187
Sericomyia borealis, lappona 42, 137
Servillia lurida, ursina ........................ 42
Stegana coleoptera ... 43
Stomphastica flava.. ; 43
Syrphus eee 137; nsietactiees 49,
137; umbellatarum ..................... 42
Tabanus bovinus Rade 42
Tephritis formosa, 137; shove scticuaeee 63
Tetanocera punctata ..............-.....0-.... 137
Therioplectes montanus 137
EP rixavonisca ees reeeecaea tes eo ee eT ee ae
Tryptocera pilipennis 42
Ulidia erythrophthalma 137
Volucella inflata.. i 42
Xylota lenta, 43, 137 nemorum ......... 42
HEMIPTERA.
Acanthia inodora, 112; indeterm. ......... 138
Acanthosoma dentatum . 14
Aspidiotus britannicus (sp. n.), Newstead
93; Greeni (sp. n.), Newstead ......... 184,
Beosus luscus .. Rene OeeeeZO9
Callipterus quercis ......... PRS LAGS ok ls
Ceroplastes personatus (sp. n. Oh Nema 94,
Chloriona dorsata (sp. n.), Edwards, 59 ;
glaucescens, prasinula, smaragdula,
60; unicolor 61
Coranus subapterus .............00c00000. 14
Corimelena scarabeoides ..........00.....0:. 18
Corixa mercenaria ................. 173
Dactylopius longifilis 98
PAGE
Drymus piceus, 221; pilicornis ............ 209
Emesa mantis... 258
Emblethis See Papsencaes coo 40S)
Eriococcus Greeni (sp. n.), Rancher panece 96
Gerris najas..............8 210
Gonocerus venator............... Bond le
Henestaris laticeps .14, 209
Ischnaspis! filitormis svec---se-eeeee eee ee eee
Lecanium viride, var. africanum ......... 95
Lygeosoma punctato-guttata ......... 209
Wopus)sulcatusi ye -peescceeseeseteemees 219
Metatropis rufescens 209
Mytilaspis citricola ..........:.eseseeeee 94,
Nabis brevipennis, 15; lineatus ............ 221
Nannium elongatulum (sp. n.), Bergroth,
101; parvum (sp. n.), Bergroth, 100;
subovatum (sp. n.), Bergroth
Peritrechus nubilus .........
see sorcce
Rionosomusivanilseeeneeeee ee cree Eeeeee eee
Ploiaria) Beerensprungiyss-eenseiee enone eeeeee
Peeciloscytus vulneratus .............+8 15
Prociphilus bumelle .. : 6
Proxius gypsatus (sp. n. 1), Begret 100
Pyrrhocoris apterus ........... 112
Ripersia filicicola (sp. n. \, “Newton
96; montana (sp. n.), Newstead ...... 97
Salda cincta 15
Schizoneura vagans ...... 6
Sciocoris\cursitans-ese.ecee ees eeeee eee eee eee es
Scolopostethus grandis ............00..e0+00... 138
Sehirus dubius, 219; morio.................. 13
Strongylocoris leucocephalus ... 219
Trapezonotus Ullrichii ................ 2C9
Westermannia mantis ..........s0s00ces 258
Xylocoridea brevipennis 251
HYMENOPTERA.
Amauronematus viduatus Bepocehe. as)
Andrena Hattorfiana, 212; proxima ...... 210
Andricus corticis, gemmatus, Sieboldi ... 99
Astatus stigma gk ... 211, 214
Bombus Smithianus ............2..6. soeeeeeee 254
Crabro gonager.. af ...... 210, 280
Dolerus ae ea vase ... 127
Dryophanta disticha, divisa .. 275
Emphytus cingillum . 128
Huphorus ornatus ...........-sc1sisecseeeaseee LOD
Halictus\atriconnis)-.es--eecceessaceeeieeeee en Oe
Megachile versicolor .............i.sc0e.000+5. 20
' Neuroterus Schlechtendali .................. 224
PAGE
Pompilus unicolor... ...20, 212
Prestwichia ees Foe eoutoreco nen Oe
Prosopis cornuta, 212 ; dilatate ieee oO)
Salimstatnmisp scsen laces sccesesedoae-eeeesw sissy WES
Sirex juvencus ......... Bao naa posnonde. » ASte)
Sphecodes rubicundus, O14: ENA 212
WWespalaustriaca ccscs:teccnsseees cece d-ceeeceoos Cue
—_—_——
LEPIDOPTERA.
AtcanthophilaalacellaAevasees--s--eeesese2e) 140
Acherontia Atropos... weseseeee 240, 252
Acronycta alni............... sesso QOL, 253
Adela fibulella, 143 ; ; see natrelln ... 87, 143
AMchmia dentella............... 062.0000. 146, 152
A AMUSi Garages eerie teeee eee eee Low
Agrotis candelarum, grisescens, rectan-
SMa AMG SAUCIA Geevecsrsiestiosciec snrtoow | mace
Alabonia Geoffroyella .................0002.. 185
Alispa angustella ............. . 150
Alucita acarnella (sp. n.), Wem, “431;
Belfragei ... Peaaaeatenatteneete tees BLOS!
Amphisbatis aie sha eiceuem 162
Anaitis paludata, 28; preeformata ......... 271
Amarsiaispartiellayeed.cc veecuccsieecesce-ceeetes) UtOUs
Anthocharis Gruneri........... Sees LBD
Antispila Pfeifferella, Treitschkiella Scbkbe 147
Amy biavepilobiellayeessescee-seeeeeceacceeseese en LOS
AN Tinign (NRBIG), Saacosoun coobeaeseoouaosoanacaeedl y0P4
Apodiavbitractellatewpepssesecceeee eee LAD
Aporia crategi ............. . 182
Aprozrema Sangiella, 2 ; “onl: 145 ;
Vinella (sp.n.), Bankes.................. 242
Miretiay ol avid neseeeee es 28
Aristotelia frankeniz an n. Wm 132;
lucidella, 205; servella .. seandsees A
Argynnis Arsilache, Pales, oT ; Paee 1
Argyresthia abdominalis, 146, 264; ar-
ceuthina, Atmoriella, aurulentella,
146; decimella, 263; dilectella, glau-
cinella, preecocella, semifusca ......... 146
Asphalia ridens ............. .. 106
Batrachedra pinicolella, 147; rere thete 87
Belenois mesentina ..............0-..s000000.. 182
Boarmia rhomboidaria .....................+.. 116
Bohemannia quadrimaculella ............... 152
Borkhausenia angustella, flavifrontella,
146; lavandule, 171; pulverisquamis
(sp. n.), Wlsm., 133,172; Panzerella,
tripuncta, unitella ........................ 146
IBOLYS aeraligy caesserey Weiser crsciacce AHL
PAGE
Brachmia Mouffetella .....-..4:.............. 144
Brephos parthenias ...... --.c.es.s.0e---00-s. 2OL
Bryotropha basaltinella, similis veveeeeeeees 144
Bucculatrix Demaryella, 278; santolinana
(sp. n.), Wlsm., 171; thoracella...... 148
Butalis semescens ..........cecee cesses eeeeee eee 146
cubicularis...... 4
Cemiostoma lotella, 152; spartifoliella,
148, 152
Ceratophora rufescens ........-....e0s0000ee. 145
‘ .... 240
Cerostoma nemorella, mallee rea . 144
Chauliodus insecurellus ............ . 147
Chrysophanus Omphale, 183 ; Siyainines 184
Cheimatobia brumatal 2-..---.--o-ge | 4
Chrysoclista bimaculella ..................... 147
Cidaria russata, 4; sagittata ............... 76
Caradrina ambizua, 277 ;
Cerocala vermiculosa.:.
Cladodes gerronella ............cc000000ee0ee. 145
@leogeneyluteatare teeter nS
Clisiocampa castrensis ............s0:s0000000. 252
Ccenonympha Arcania, var. Satvrion pers 27
Coleophora alcyonipennella, anatipennella,
146, 151; ardexpennella, 147, 152;
corsicella (sp. n.), Wlsm., 167; de-
auratella, 146; femorella (sp. n.),
Wlsm., 166; fuscocuprella, 146;
fuscolineata (sp. n.), Wlsm., 168;
geniste, hemerobiella, 147; herman-
niella(sp.n.), W1sm., 167; ibipennella,
inflate, juncicolella, 147; limosipen-
nella, 151; lixella, ochrea, paripen-
nella, 146; palliatella, 147, 152;
potentille, pyrrhulipennella, 146; sa-
turatella, Wilkinsoni, 147 ; ae
(Sims ii), WWE, soc nosccose .. 166
Colias Edusa .... ..26, 182, 231, “259, 253
Conchylis ets eae Senate lent BO:
(CORSE TADUATEEND, ..cconnoc0cecsooecnesocnncos
Coriscium Brongniardellum ............146, 151
Cossus ligniperda ............... Weplecacest bt uD:
Crambus sylvellus, 86; cacietns eiseyiehier, (At
Cryptoblabes bistriga ...............c00ec.0. 86
Cryptolechia fulvia, privatella............... 136
Cupidonlicariicnene mire ete tese ren Sa
Danais Mysippus) <2. c..s.cccsess-teseseeseseees 24D
‘Dasycampa rubiginea .......c000. ceseseseese 65
Deilephila capensis, 238; galii ............ 87
Depressaria badiella, carduella, chzro-
phylli, Douglasella, hypericella, na-
natella, pulcherrimella, purpurea,
rhodochrella, rotundella, scopariella,
Weirella, 144; radiosquamella (sp.
Ne) VVLSIN enone een racee eer LOS
Xl.
; i PAGE
Dianthecia capsincola, 253; conspersa,
luteago, var. Barrettii .................. 199
Dicrorampha herbosana, 86; sequana,
150, 185
Dicranura bicuspis, bifida, vinula ......... 115
Diplodoma marginepunctella............148, 151
Doritis Apollina... Rocdsronccammeceoass, Asi l
Hidophasia Messingiella Fetch . 144
Elachista cerusella, 147, 152 ; adsitels,
poe, stabilella, subnigrella Piecreicos Jes
Enicostoma lobella ihiddehece ev cee 44,
Epinephile hispulla, Telmessia .. 183
Epigraphia avellanella, sieeve 143
Erebia Epiphron, 27; ‘epistygne, 202 ;
glacialis, 27; lappona, 65 ; melampus,
WHET IMEIRHD oscosonscocu cos boo ssoeac00 PAL
Hriogaster lanestris ...........--..eec00 eee 115
Euchlée belemia...............02cseeeee eee eeeeee 185
EKupeecilia ciliella ......... . 86
HKixapate congelatella .. : .. 1438
Gelechia zthiops, 87 ; attinis, 198; con-
finis, 196; distinctella, nigra, 144;
politella, 87; rhombella, scalella, 144;
similis, 196 ; denen 144; viscar-
Te lV aes ec eosimer 87
Gnophos obfuscaria .............eeceee eee = 28
Gonepteryx Antonia ...............0..:.525 181
Gracilaria omissella ..........2....0::00ee-+. 146
Seer be Ser ey 150; eine
lana . : afeeoone, — eis)
Grapta Been so son age noe sao lle, 2X2}
Hadena ‘beverte, Maillardi, proxima ...... 271
Harpella forficella, 185, 186; scabrella,
87, 144
Heliozela betulze, 146; resplendella ..146, 152
Elereynatphnycialis eee eeee see eee eel
Hlesperlavoubitenay aero eee se eeee eee
Heusimene fimbriana eee eat 86
Hipparchia fatua, Thelefassa ............... 183
Hybocala deflorata 239
Hyponomeuta plumbellus veces 144
Hypsipetes elutata ...........0...c6... ee 4
Idmais fausta .. NadseebaScsdventoos lush
Tncurvaria ceil Ehimanniella,t tenui-
GOWNS coo occaca sve cen é . 143
Lampronia_luzella, pratt, “quate
punctella, rubiella . Shaphe cue ce ene Lo.
Lamprotes atrella .......... 145
Lasiocampa trifolii 20
Lasiommata Mera.. eee nese 183
Laverna miscella, Aaieaneaticil propinqu-
ella, rhamniella, 147; Schrankella,
152; Stephensi, subbistrigella, 147;
vinolentella .. , 204.
PAGE
Limacodes testudo... 115
Liothula omnivora.. 125
Lita Parner vel,” ar stone vette
cella, costella, 145; fraternella, 145,
151, 185; maculiferella, obsoletella...
Lithocolletis Bremiella, carpinicolella, cav-
ella, cerasicolella, comparella, emberi-
zeepennella, lantanella, lautella, sca-
biosella, scopariella, stettinensis,
tenella, torminella, ulicicolella.........
Lozopera Beatricella (sp. n.), Wlsm., 75,
231; bilbeensis (sp. n.), Wlsm., 72;
dilucidana, 76; flagellana, 75; Fran-
cillonana,71; mauritanica, 73; torn-
ella (sp. n.), Wlsm. Ag
Lycena Alsus, 253; Eros, 26; Times,
253; Optilete, 26; Sebrus, 202; Theo-
VDLNPEVSI AUIS non oo a6 G02 500.000 000 990 900.060 502 607
Margarodes unionalis
Melanargia Titea ...........
Melanippe montanata, angtene ne
Melitaca rival .cceeeeeteee te eetcce racer
Metachrostis nigrivitta.. Re
Micropteryx Allionella, Sangii, Sapa
Sparmannella, Thunbergella .........
Mixodia rubiginosana 8
Nannodia Hermannella, Te lfia
Narycia melanella ......... 6.0022 .22 22s see eee ees
Nemeophila plantaginis matte
Nemotois fasciellus, scabiosellus ............
Nepticula alnetella, catharticella, fragari-
ella, glutinose, viscerella ...............
Noctua festiva, glareosa ...........:..0006
Notodonta chaonia, cucullina, rey
Ochsenheimeria Birdella, bisontella, vac-
Culelilayeecmeeeeeeceee vectra
(cophora lunaris, 151 ; ‘Oliviella Bagh 145,
(Egoconia quadripuncta
(Eneis Aello
Oinophila v-flava
Opostega salaciella..........2..s0sseseesreeee eee
Orgyia fascelina, gonostigma ...............
Ornix fagivora, 151, 210; Loganella
Orthotelia sparganella ............... 262 see eee
Orthotenia ericetana...
Osteodes SIGE Jodie
Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, euaaseene
Pancalia Leuwenheeckella.................0005 |
Papilio Machaon PIAS aco
Parnassius Apollo, 203 ; Delius matridadeid
PRelochitalvitrealesseeeetencch estat eeierertes
Peltodora cytisella............cseceeceecen ses vee
148
74
PAGE
Renthinasellanagere-nessssereecee es caer ke ate OO.
Perittia obscuripunctella .................... 146
Phalonia corsicana (sp. n.), Wlsm........... 169
Phlogophora meticulosa .................... 66
Phthoroblastis juliana ....................+. 150
Phyllocnistis saligna, suffusella ............ 148
Pieris brassice, 182, 278; Daplidice, rape
Planema esebria.. na
Platyptilia Macatee car raidieivia
192; modesta, orthocarpi, 193 ; pica,
192; tesseradactyla .............0.....
lebeiuspinochiluspree- eet eee eee
Plusia gamma, 252; illustris, v-argen-
UBWEI, \EEWIREEUON pon ceoeco coe 660 cos ouccen 250
Peecilia albiceps, nivea ........0.....- 0.00
Polia xanthomista .. de
Polyommatus yee 87; hecena ‘184;
Gordius, 203; Hippothoé...............
Porthesia chrysorrheea ..
Psodos alpinata, seadhietn t
Pterophorus sce iadaceanes ‘194: He
puuctidactylus, 193 ; cineraceus, 195 ;
cretidactylus, 194; homodactylus,
193; inquinatus, lugubris, 195; pale-
aceus, parvus, 194; subochraceus.
193 ; sulphureodactylus
Ptocheuusa inopella, 145, 151;
IPAS GanGhonl Sac -codenedensanone
subocellea
Pyrgus althez escien
Recurvaria leucatella, aeHo lon
Rhodocera Cleopatra, rhamni ..............
Reeslerstammia Erxlebenella ...............
Sarangeza motozoides at
Scardia arcella, 86,143 ; boleti, ia ei
183, 252,
182
.. 242
. 193
. 184
271
. 145
. 200
26
... 252
28
. 194
145
278
... 184
. 145
. 202
146
. 241
Marasitella peer. case aS
Sciaphila conspersana ........................ 86
Scolitantides Baton ........... . 184
Scythris Constanti (sp. n.), Wlsm., 168 ;
mus (sp. n.), Wlsm. Buecpaooon 2lGH)
Scythropia crategella ...............,........ 144
SCLICOLISHINICAN Ameen Mena h eho eh eG
Setina aurita, var. ramosa ree ets
Sitotroga cerealella ... 145
Sophronia parenthesella Hes eo AB
Sphznogona Adamsi (sp. n.), Toei fees 200
Sphingomorpha Monteironis ......... . 240
Sphinx convolvuli ....... 240, ¢ 262, 278
SIDER ACEI) Soo onaecooneeonbopacion aohooe IRS)
Stauropus fagi .. 115
Stenoptilia pumilio
Stigmonota coniferana, dorsana, internana
. 195
86
xill.
PAGE
Swammerdamia combinella, oxyacanthella 144,
Peniocampa MUNA ......-..iseseeseeceeses-s» 60
Teleia scriptella, sequax, eral Detlasis 145
Teras ferrugana .. 150
Terias Priddyi Gn n. iy Tetons 223
Thais Cerisyi, 181 ; sdeaeetasts ¢ Pee eS
heclaiquercus se eeccsescese ieee
IDWeristishcamd ell ayes erase easter meses eee en el 4-4
Thymelicus lineola 184
Tinea argentimaculella, fenicll U3 ;
caprimulgella, 151; ferruginella, 143,
151; misella, 86, 143; orientalis, 245 ;
semifulvella, 143; vastella ............ 244
Tischeria dodonea .. ... 148
Trichoptilus lathes Tae fete odactala 192
Trifurcula atrifrontella, immundella, pul-
Verosellay wessscventevateencennsaesshoyseweaee lao
Xanthia ocellaris asseaceee ZOO
Xysmatodoma melanella ...143, 186
Ypsolophus marginellus, Schmidiellus ... 145
Nip ihimlapA'steropenereee etree eereeeee ene oo
NEUROPTERA.
Aischna borealis, cerulea, 226; coluber-
culus, 227; isosceles, 228; mixta,
227; rufescens, 228 ; squamata ...... 226
Baétis nubecularis (sp. n.), Eaton ......... 265
Bittacus Hagen ................00.00 000 +. 223, 248
Cordultayeeneatesessaeeeee see ae eS
Cyrnus insolutus Bogs) 0)
Ucclisopteryx guttulata seconss IS
Ecdyurus helveticus ...................-.+.--» 266
Epeorus assimilis .......... . 265
Kupheza Lara (var. n.), ilistecth, “ilies
(var. n.), McLach., lombockensis...... 272
Hemianax ephippiger ... 248
Hydroptila serrata (sp. n.), Morton, 108;
sylvestris (sp. n.), Morton... 107
Hyperetes guestfalicus .. eu 247
Isopteryx apicalis, Boece anae
tata, torrentium .. 158
Leptocerus commutatus . 135
Libellago lombockensis (sp. n.), Malach. 273
Libellula enea BOAO CO GRO AC DAACUNOR 7-48)
Limnophilus affinis, 21; ignavus, 134;
italicus (sp. n.), McLach., 47; fe
dus, 134; nigriceps, 21; ponticus
(sp. n.), McLach. Manenedeoaies , 20
Orthetrum albistyla, Ramburii ............ 248
Polycentropus Kingi................0..0e... 135
LEO OEE) S0TEN {OSE moo uad donosoedsoobousoumosscounercow. | ke
XIV.
PAGE
Rhyacophila appennina (sp. n.), McLach. 51
Schizopelex festiva, granjz ............0... 50
Sericostoma flavicorne, subzequale (sp. n. ),
McLach., mesopotamicum (sp. n.),
MeLach., SelySii.............ccc00c0cceeen 49
SiloNGuraell sieeve sae eect ese LO
Somatochlora Ae nee aes
Thremma gallicum ............cce0e0sess000e 50
ORTHOPTERA.
Acridium egyptium, 179; japonicum ... 29
Acrotylus insubricus, longipes, 178 ; pa-
GEwelisy ih ae ee alk . 179
Anisolabis maritimus .............cc00000. 29
Blepharis mendica .........sc..00.ccceeseeeee eee 177
Caloptenus italicus ...29, 180
Conocephalus brevipennis .................. 29
Decticus albifrons .............. son dlrs}
Mericorys) Millicriy reuters alo
Ducetia japonica............ selecesesioece enna O)
Epacromia ue aanestin ... 178
Eremobia Claveli . 179
Eremocharis insignis.............. scooby)
Kugaster Guyoni bands Sener LAS
Euprepocnemis plorans....................2s. 179
Forficula auricularia .....................-.-... 162
Giyllusinitratus sieve arse
Heterogamia egyptiaca did
PAGE
| Labidura riparia................. Peace ae
Mantis religiosa ... vere LE:
Mecostethus grossus .. deqienedee Reo
(Edaleus infernalis, 29 ; aigeercins .. L179
Cdipoda cerulescens, fuscocincta ......... 178
Opomala cylindrica, 110.2. 78 ise s.seceeeecesee LOO
Pachytylus danicus ut .. 179
Pezotettix meridionalis...................:.... 180
Phiceoba Lucasil .-. 2.002 see eee eS
Pseudomantis Haani................ gona | AS)
Pyrgomorphus grylloides .............sse00--. 179
Quiroguesia Brullei .............cc.ccceeeeeeee 178
Rhacodia meg lectalss.--sascrecesee seca ee eemeLaITA
Schistocerca peregrina .........scecsscereneeee LTQ
Scintharista Wagneri sepcen cles}
Sphingonotus azurescens, cee octo-
fasciatus, Savignyl..........c.csesereereee LVQ
Sphodromantis bioculatus 79)
Sphodromerus decoloratus eae 180
Stauronotus Genei.. J aes
Stenobothrus isso 29; oulanene aa
Stethophyma hispanicum..................... 178
Tenodera aridifolia............sscsesesecesnseeee 29
Thalpomena algeriana ......... sooo les}
Thisoicetrus littoralis ......... . 180
Truxalis miniata, nasuta ...............00006. 178
ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT
FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.
COLEOPTERA.
SPECIES.
Anaspis latipalpis, Schilsky..........c0ce00e. 101
Cryptohypnus meridionalis, Lap. .... 207
Harpalus Freelichi, Sturm. ........ ........ 84
Homalota clavigera, Scriba .................. 266
DIPTERA.
SPECIES.
Ceroplatus sesioides, Wahlbg.? ............ 276
Frauenfeldia rubricosa, My................... 81
HEMIPTERA.
SPECIES.
Aspidiotus britannicus, Newstead (sp.n.) 93
Ploiaria Berensprungi, Dohrn. ............ 217
Peeciloscytus vulneratus, Wolff ............ 15
Xylocoridea brevipennis, Rewter............ 251
HYMENOPTERA.
Amauronematus viduatus, Zett..........
Dolerus fumosus, Zadd.
gibbosus, Hitg..........ce see see eee ees
rugosulus, d. Torre
Emphytus cingillum, Klug
LEPIDOPTERA.
SPECIES.
Aproerema Vinella, Bankes .............05
Aristotelia servella, Z.
Lozopera Beatricella, WIsm.
NEUROPTERA.
GENUS.
HYPERETES, Kolbe 1.0... cc ccecee se cuc een ees
SPECIES.
Hydroptila sylvestris, Mortow...............
Hyperetes guestfalicus, Kolbe..............-
242
. 172
75
247
107
247
XV.
LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCRIBED
IN THIS
DIPTERA.
SPECIES. PAGE
Psychoda humeralis, Mg., var. n. mauri-
tanica, Haton, Algeria .....c....00...-.. 157
HEMIPTERA.
GENERA.
Gymnaspis, Newstead........cecceveceee 92
Nannium, Bergroth .......00..0.000000+4. 100
Trocuopus, Carpenter ..................78, 109
SPECIES.
Aspidiotus britannicus, Newstead,
England... 93
Ceroplastes personatus, _,, Lagos ... 94
Chloriona dorsata, Edwards, France...... 59
Eriococcus Greeni, Newstead, England... 96
» Kew Gardens 92
Lecanium viride, var. africanum,
Newstead, Lagos 95
Nannium elongatulum, Bergroth,
Venezuela 101
Gymnaspis echmer,
parvum, on p 100
subovatum, 3 Braztl ... LOL
Proxius gypsatus, » Venezuela 100
Ripersia filicicola, Newstead, W. Indies.. 96
montana 3 France ... 97
Trochopus marinus, Carpenter, Jamaica,
79, 109
LEPIDOPTERA.
SPECIES.
Alucita acarnella, Wlsm., Corsica ......... 131
Aprozrema Vinella, Bankes, England ... 242
Aristotelia frankeniew, Wlsm., Corsica ... 1382
Borkhausenia pulverisquamis,
Wism., 5,
133, 171
VOLUME.
PAGE
Bucculatrix santolinella, Wlsm, Corsica.. 171
Coleophora corsicella, 5 sn kal GZ
35 femorella, 3) eee 6G:
3 fuscolineata, _,, oe Ce ley
s hermanniella, ,, sr ee LT
3 ventifuga, . i cen LEG
Depressaria radiosquamella, ,, oy oat dey
Lozopera Beatricella, » Lngland 75
» mauritanica, » Morocco 73
a tornella, i:
Corsica, Italy, §e. 74
Phalonia corsicana, Wlsm., Corsica ...... 169
Scythris Constanti, 53 PT eetoce 168
55 mus, “p soho a. hasan 169
Sphenogona Adamsi, Lathy, Jamaica ... 200
Terias Priddyi, py LENGE, o00000 223
NEUROPTERA.
SPECIES, &c.
Baétis nubecularis, Haton, Swiss, Jura... 265
Euphea Lara, Kriig., var. n., balica,
McLaeh., Bali 272
var. n. lombockensis,
MeLach., Lombock 272
Hydroptila serrata, Morton, Algeria...... 108
sylvestris, ,, Scotland ... 107
Libellago lombockensis, MecLaceh.,
Lombock 273
Limnophilus italicus, MeLach., Italy ... 47
Asia Minor 46
Tita) sn... 51
Tyrol .. ... 49
mesopotamicum, McLach.,
Mesopotamia 49
93 33 39
ponticus, ,,
Rhyacophila appennina, ,,
Sericostoma subeequale, ,,
——
ERRATA.
Page 106, lines 11 and 12 from bottom, for “ chloris,” read “ aurata.”
» 111,line 1 from bottom, for “ R,” read “ T.”
” 215, ”
116, bottom line, for “ Fréhlichi,” read “ Frélichi.”
_ 208, line 7 from bottom, for “ Coniopora,” read “ Conipora.”
13 from bottom, for “three,” read “ four.”
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JUAN 28 18 a
ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOLUME XXXIV.]
ABERRATIONS OF ARGYNNIS PAPHIA AND THECLA QUEROUS.
BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.
Not the least remarkable result of my summer excursion to the
south was the capture of an extraordinary aberration of Argynnis
Paphia. It is a female, and its peculiarity does not lie in its colours,
but in their distribution, which will be best understood as far as the
upper-side is concerned, from the accompanying figure. It will be
seen there is a decided asymmetry in the markings of the fore-wings ;
the light terminal and sub-terminal rows of spots, which are distinct
on the left, are reduced to mere traces on the right. In the hind-
wings the asymmetry is little marked.
The under-side of the fore-wings is shining green at the tip, the
extreme apex being paler; otherwise these wings are tawny, with a
broad median blackish suffusion. In the hind-wings there is a median
green band, the base and a broad terminal band being silvery.
The insect was taken in July, in an extensive wood in North-
amptonshire.
The figure (Pl. I) is reproduced from a photograph made directly
from the insect under a very powerful electric light.
I also take this opportunity of recording the capture of a female
Thecla quercis, in which the purple of the upper-side of the fore-
wings is replaced by a beautiful metallic blue. ‘This was taken also
in July in the New Forest.
13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh :
December 6th, 1897.
JANUARY, 1898.
2 ; (January,
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF APROHREMA
SANGIELLA, Stn.
BY EUSTACE R. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.
The larva of Aproerema Sangiella, Stn., has heen already described
by Stainton in Ent. Ann., 1867, p. 21, but av his deseription, which is
copied by Meyrick in his Handbook, is very brief, a more detailed one,
made on May 15th, 1896, from nearly full-fed larve kindly sent me
from Co. Durham by Mr. J. Gardner, may be useful.
LARVA.
Length,7—8 mm. Greatest breadth, 1-7 mm.
Head considerably narrower than the prothoracic segment, highly polished,
amber-yellow ; mouth parts reddish ; ocelli black, distinct. Prothoracic segment
with a highly polished blackish plate divided across the centre by a whitish line.
The incisions which precede and follow both the prothoracic and the mesothoracic
segments are conspicuously greenish- or yellowish-white. The thoracic and abdo-
minal segments viewed together form a short stumpy mass, very stout in the middle,
and tapering much and rather suddenly towards both extremities, rather dark
reddish-brown, occasionally brownish-red, with a whitish or yellowish-white dorsal
line on the thoracic segments. Tubercles and spiracles very small and ineonspicuous,
black, polished, emitting pale hairs. Anal plate small, polished, blackish. Ventral
surface yellowish red-brown, with some minute black polished tubercles. Legs
highly polished, horny, externally black, with the joints pale ringed, internally much
paler. Pvrolegs semi-transparent, yellowish-white.
The larva lives in a neat habitation formed by drawing together
with silk the edges of the topmost outer leaves of a shoot of Lotus
corniculatus, and feeds on the tender heart of the shoot, moving readily
from one sprig to another. A few of the larve received were still
small, but all alike were very similar in colour and markings to those
described above.
PUPA.
The following description was made on May 25th, from pupe
which had assumed that state only a few days previously :—
Length, 55—6 mm. Greatest breadth, 1:7 mm.
Rather short and stout, brownish-orange, with the wing-cases and ventral sur-
face of the anterior segments rather paler; the abdominal segments, and, to a less
noticeable extent, the other parts are clothed with a short whitish pubescence.
Head yvather broad and flattened above, rounded in front. Eyes showing
through as black spots. Wang-cases reaching to the end of the fifth abdominal
segment, and of almost equal length with the antennal cases which lie between
them. The shape of the last three segments when viewed together reminds one of
that of the sharpened end of a common pencil, the seventh abdominal segment
1898.] 3
narrowing abruptly like the cut wood, while the following ones are relatively very
narrow, and resemble the lead; the pointed anal extremity is armed with some
orange coloured or whitish hooked bristles. The colour of the whole pupa soon
darkens to orange-brown, and then gradually to black before the escape of the imago.
The fifth and sixth abdominal segments were the only “free” ones in the several
pup examined, so most probably this is the case in both sexes.
The pupa is enclosed in a small and closely-spun white silk
cocoon, well concealed between the united leaves of the shoot of the
food-plant. The moths emerged from June 7th to 14th.
It has been suggested to me before now that Aproerema Sangiella,
Stn., is specifically identical with A. coronillella, Tr., but the idea is
quite untenable. Whereas the larva of the former, which feeds on
Lotus corniculatus, is, at any rate from an early stage and presumably
throughout, dark reddish-brown or brownish-red, that of the latter,
which feeds on Coronilla varia, and has also been recorded as found
on C. minima, Vicia, Genista tinctoria, Ononis spinosa, Lathyrus pra-
tensis, Astragalus glycyphyllos, A. beticus, and Aster amellus, but not
on Lotus corniculatus, is, when feeding up, “ greenish, spotted with
reddish, indistinctly towards the head, but more distinctly posteriorly,”
and when full-fed is no longer green, but “ pale amber, with the red
spots more distinct,” as described by Stainton in Nat. Hist. Tin., vol.
x, where the imago, larva, and mode of feeding are also figured. The
distinctions between the imagines are much less obvious, but Stainton
points out that A. Sangiella has the fore-wings longer, narrower, and
more pointed, the costal spot more oblique, and the dorsal spot less
distinct, than coronillella,and has also when in fine condition a decided
bluish gloss, which is wanting in the latter. Meyrick lays stress also
on the difference in the colour of the pale spots, which are pale
ochreous in coronillella, but ochreous-whitish in its ally. As regards
the shape, direction, and distinctness of these spots, it must be added
that they vary immensely in Sangiella. The distribution of both
species seems in Britain to be strangely limited, for whereas coronzl-
lella is only known to have occurred at Mickleham, in Surrey, where
Stainton suggests that the larva probably feeds on Onobrychis sativa,
Sangiella has, I believe, never yet been met with outside the county of
Durham.
The Rectory, Corfe Castle :
November 16th, 1897.
4 (January,
LOCAL VARIATION IN LEPIDOPTERA FROM THE ORKNEYS.—
BY C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.
A box of insects, forwarded for examination by Mr. E. M. Chees-
man, of Stromness, all captured in the Orkneys, presents some points
of interest.
Nemeophila plantaginis, L.—The beautiful white variety, hospita, is represented,
and, as usual, its complement in a form of the female with brilliant red hind-wimgs.
In other specimens there is a tendency to breaking up of the markings: the large
eross in the hinder portion of the fore-wings being often separated from the longi-
tudinal stripe, or having two or even three of its arms obliterated ; or the stripe is
broken by the black ground-colour.
Agrotis saucia, Hiib. —One specimen, very pale in colour, but worn, apparently
new to these Isles, though it has been taken in Shetland.
Noctua glareosa, Esp.—A slate-grey form, not quite so dark as is found in the
Shetlands, but having the transverse lines and margins of the stigmata conspicuously
pale, and the black interspaces strongly marked—very pretty.
NV. festiva, Hiib., var. borealis, Tengs.— Rather narrow and pointed-winged
specimens, as found in the Shetlands, and some of them of a very rich purple-brown.
The form erroneously called conflua, Tr.
Caradrina cubicularis, Schiff.—One specimen having the fore-wings so dark
that the usual submarginal stripe and costal spots are quite obscured.
Hypsipetes elutata, Schiff.—Some of the usual full size, but varying to uniform
green-black ; others of the small mountain variety varying to rusty-brown and rusty-
black, with green clouding.
Melanippe montanata, Schiff.—Along with ordinary typical specimens is a very
pretty variety, not of the character of those from the Shetlands, but having the
fore-wings rather narrow and pointed, the general surface very softly shaded with
soft, warm, fawu-colour, and the central band of a deeper tint of the same.
M. fluctuata, L.—Fluctuating as usual. Some having the ground-eolour nearly
as white as in the south, but with the central band and rippled markings very black ;
others with grey ground completely covered with rippled markings in dark grey, and
with the central band but little darker: or grey with very little rippling.
Coremia munitata, Hiib.—One form has an exceedingly rich, deep, purple-red
central band, margined with black ; another, with the black margins very sharp and
distinct, has the middle portion of the band extremely pale purplish-pink or whitish-
pink, giving it an extraordinary resemblance to the paler varieties of C. propugnata,
Schiff.
Cheimatobia brumata, L.—The nervures of the fore-wings much dotted or
streaked with dark olive-brown, giving it a blacker appearance.
Cidaria russata, Schiff.—With ordinary forms is one having the general surface
of a tawny-yellow, the central band being pale tawny-brown.
Crambus tristellus, Schiff.—One specimen of a soft, bright, yellow-brown, with
the pale streak rather obscure, has two distinctly visible, angulated, transverse lines.
1898.]
CU
There are slight variations in other species, but hardly such as can be put
definitely into words.
39, Linden Grove, Nunliead :
December, 1897.
COSSUS LIGNIPERDA: CHANGE OF HABIT OF LARVA WHEN
ICHNEUMONED.
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.E.S.
Any change of habit of a larva made not in its own interest, but
in that of a parasite with which it is infested, is worthy of note. Il
do not know whether this instance in the case of Cossus has been
noted before or not.
According to my observations of Cossus, it leaves its burrows
when full-fed, makes a hibernating cocoon, and in spring either in
this or in a fresh place makes a pupating cocoon. It does not,
however, make a cocoon at any earlier period, or in its burrows.
Meniscus setosus is a large ichneumon, well known as a parasite
of Cossus. I met with its cocoons this year under circumstances
shewing that it quitted its host when the latter was rather more than
half full-size. A size that I have been used to regard as one year
short of full fed, and which Buckler fiyures as in its second year. In
a Cossus-infested tree at Sterzing (Tyrol), I found several cocoons,
evidently made by Cossws larve at this stage, as their remains testified,
and occupied also by a cocoon of the ichneumon, which had emerged
from the destroyed larva after it had spun up. The Cossws cocoon
was not a very strong structure, still strong and definite enough, and
was made under bark loosened by the Cossus, and in fact in the Cossus
burrows, though superficially. The presence of the parasite had,
therefore, induced the Cossus to make a cocoon in its burrow, though
superficially, again evidently in the interest of the parasite, and to do
so when only half fed.
The variation from natural habit may perhaps be regarded as
due to a premature and weak maturity. The larva acts as if full-
grown, desires to spin up, and even attempts to leave the burrow, but
only succeeds in reaching a superficial portion of it.
I owe the verification of the name of the ichneumon to Mr.
Bignell.
Redhill: December, 1897.
6 (January,
INOWIIS OW AIP ICID IS.
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.
CALLIPTERUS QUERCUS, Kalt.—One of my young oaks growing
in a flower pot this autumn was much infested with Callipterus quercis.
On October 21st, when looking at them I saw a winged male, and on
reference to the figure in Buckton’s Monograph, I observed that it
did not agree in colour with that species; I consider this, however,
to be only a variety, as it was in company with the yellow viviparous
females of this species, a description of it may be of service at some
future time.
Head wider than the thorax, both very broad. Antenne, base greenish-black,
the remainder fuscous ; apex of the second and third joints much darker. Hyes red.
Abdomen with seven black dashes on the dorsal region, and five black spots on the
sub-dorsal, forming a line with the nectars, which are short, black, and trumpet-
shaped. Wings, veins fuscous, and slightly clouded at their apices. Stigma light
fuscous, with base, outer and inner margins, and apex much darker, thereby giving
a well defined and conspicuous border to the stigma.
Expanse of wing, 64 mm., or four times the length of the body.
Scui1zonEuRA vaeans, Koch.—This white form* does not appear
to have been previously recorded as occurring in England. I captured
a dozen winged specimens on October 4th, in Cannwood. I met with
it again on the wing on October 11th, nearly a mile distant from the
first locality ; it is a very conspicuous black insect, with the first two
segments of the abdomen white, and the basal margins of the last
three also white ; these I captured when they settled on the leaves to
bask in the sunshine.
PROCIPHILUS BUMELIA, Schr.—I observed what I am almost
certain was this species; I saw many examples, but as I had not my net,
I only managed to capture one, this one was driven on to my coat in
my endeavour to capture it with my hat; I placed it in a glass tube,
but much moisture condensed, and it got spoilt by the end of my walk.
T had a good look at it directly after its capture, and on my arrival
home I hunted through Koch’s Monograph of the Aphides, and therein
found a good figure of it. This insect when on the wing looks very
like a small white feather floating along; I tried many times to
capture it with my hat, but the current of air carried forward with
my hat also carried the insect with it.
Stonehouse, Piymouth :
November 9th, 1897.
* In G. B. Buckton’s Monograph of the British Aphides, vol. iii, p. 107, this name is placed as
a synonym of Schizoneura corni, which is described as ‘‘ velvety-black, with the first three ab-
dominal and also the apical rings ferruginous.”
1898.] 7
CEPHENOMYIA AURIBARBIS, Ma.: LARVA, &c.
BY THE REV. E. N. BLOOMFIELD, M.A., F.E.S.
Some weeks ago I received from Mr. J. Mearns, of Aberdeen,
some larve taken from “the heads” of Red Deer, which had been
sent to Mr. G. Sim, of Aberdeen, to be mounted. These larve I sent
to Mr. E. E. Austen, of the British Museum. He informs me that
they are the larve of Cephenomyia sp., and probably of C. auribarbis,
Mg.
On writing to Mr. Mearns for further particulars, he tells me
these deer came from Strathdon and other places in Aberdeenshire.
In one instance about thirty of these large larve (they are about an
inch in length) were found near the root of the tongue of one indi-
vidual deer ; they were alive when extracted.
As will be seen from Mr. Austen’s paper in the present number,
this fly is one of the @strine, of which nine species belonging to five
genera are found in Britain; it is parasitic in the larval state in the
nasal passages and throat of the Red Deer. It was introduced as
British under the name of Cephenomyia rufibarbis, Mg., by Mr. Percy
Grimshaw, of the Edinburgh Museum (Annals of Scottish Natural
History, 1895, pp. 155-158), from two specimens collected in Ross-
shire in 1894.
Mr. Grimshaw has since presented a specimen to the British
Museum, and there is little doubt that these larve belong to the same
species.
I am indebted to the paper by Mr. Grimshaw for the following
particulars, which may be of interest to British Dipterists. “ Cephe-
nomyia may be readily distinguished from Gastrophilus by the inflexion
of the fourth longitudinal vein of the wings; from Hypoderma by the
prolongation of this vein beyond the origin of the apical transverse
vein, by the position of the discal transverse vein, which in Hypoderma
joins the fourth longitudinal immediately at its angle, and especially
by the absence of the dividing ridge in the concavity of the face. From
Cstrus it differs in the apical transverse vein not uniting with the
third longitudinal. And from Pharyngomyia in the body being more
uniformly coloured, never checkered, but densely clothed with hairs.”
A full description of the genus and species and life history will
be found in Mr. Grimshaw’s paper. I will only give a few particulars,
therefore, taken from his account.
Cephenomyia auribarbis, var. rufibarbis, Mg., is a large fly nearly three quarters
of an inch in length; head as broad as the thorax; cheeks with a beautiful bright
§ (January,
tawny beard. Antenne very short, dark reddish-brown ; third joint orbicular with
a naked dorsal seta. Thorax with five not very distinct naked lines, otherwise
densely clothed with hairs which form a tawny transverse band continaous in colour
with the hinder part of the head; hinder part of thorax clothed with black hairs.
Abdomen rounded in both sexes, densely clothed with hair, which on the foremost
segments are dingy yellow, while the apex is white; between these is usually a black
bar. Wings with the fourth longitudinal vein bent upwards at a right angle, forming
an apical transverse vein, the straight portion slightly prolonged beyond the angle.
Halteres dark brown, with white tips.
The females are viviparous, and seize the opportunity to deposit
their larvee in the nostrils of the Red Deer, which are greatly disturbed
at the presence of the flies.
The little maggots adhere firmly by means of minute hooks with
which they are furnished, and work themselves upwards until they
reach the back of the throat, where they remain until fully grown,
when they are ejected by the coughing of their host.
The colour of the larve is dirty yellow, the upper part of the
last segment yellowish-brown.
Guestling Rectory :
November 1st, 1897.
NOTES ON THE @STRINE PARASITES OF BRITISH DEER.
BY ERNEST E. AUSTEN.
The following paper, which possesses no claim whatever to
originality, is the result of a request from the Rev. HE. N. Bloomfield
for further information upon the subject of Cephenomyia auribarbis,
Mg. While endeavouring to comply with Mr. Bloomfield’s desire, it
occurred to me that since hardly anything has been written in English
on the subject of the @strine, which, in the larval state, are parasitic
upon deer, it might be of some slight use to British Dipterists to give
a brief summary of what is known of such of these interesting forms
as are either recognised members of our fauna, or may perhaps yet
prove to be so. Unfortunately, I can boast of no acquaintance in the
living state with any of the species mentioned, and the only one at
present represented in the British Museum collection is Cephenomyia
auribarbis, of which we have a single female from Glenmore Forest,
Cairn Gorm Mts., Inverness-shire, taken in June, 1895, by Mr. L. W.
Hinxman, and kindly presented by Mr. P. H. Grimshaw, of the
Edinburgh Museum, and four larve, the story of which is described
above by Mr. Bloomfield. Consequently, not only for details of life-
1898.] 9
history, but also for specific characters, I have been compelled to rely
upon Prof. Brauer’s “ Monographie der (Estriden’’—that storehouse
of information upon everything connected with the present group.
The species of @strine parasitic upon British deer, so far as at
present known, are three in number :—Cephenomyia auribarbis, Mg.,
Pharyngomyia picta, Mg., and Hypoderma Diana, Brauer. The larve
of the two former occur in the throat and nasal passages ; those of
the latter species, as the generic name implies, in the subcutaneous
tissue.
Cephenomyia auribarbis, Mg.—As this species and its habits were
described by Mr. Grimshaw when he introduced the fly as a British
insect,* and have also been dealt with in the foregoing paper by Mr.
Bloomfield, I need only add a few supplementary details. According
to Brauer, the perfect insects of C. auribarbis may be met with from
May to July, though the majority of individuals appear in May, and
they are of more isolated occurrence in July.+ Larve in the third or
final stage are to be found in numbers in the throat of the red deer in
February ; they leave the host from the beginning of March to April,
and the pupe may be looked for at the end of March and commence-
ment of the latter month {
The full grown larve of Cephenomyia may be distinguished from
those of Pharyngomyia picta, Mg., which are also parasitic in the
throat of the red deer, by the fact that their short, fleshy antenne,
which are situated immediately in front of the mouth-hooks, are in
contact at the base, while those of Pharyngomyia larve are widely
separated. .
In addition to C. auribarbis, three other species of Cephenomyia are found in
Europe, viz.: C. stimulator, Clark, C. trompe, Fabr., and C. Ulrichii, Brauer.
Ot these, C. stimulator is parasitic upon the roe (Capreolus capraea, Gray), C.
trompe upon the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, L.), and CO. Ulrichit upon the elk
(Alces machlis, Ogilby), and their larve are to be found in the throats of their
respective hosts. ;
It is quite possible that Cephenomyia stimulator will one day also be recognised
as British, and entomologists living in parts of Dorset and Scotland where roe deer
occur would do well to look out for it. Brauer states that this species is on the
* P. H. Grimshaw, “On the Occurrence in Ross-shire of Cephenomyia rufibarbis, a New
British Bot-Fly parasitic on the Red Deer :” Annals of Scottish Natural History, 1895, pp. 155-158.
Grimshaw follows Brauer in his choice of the specific name. The species was described by its
author, Meigen, twice over: on p. 171 of Vol. IV of the “ Systematische Beschreibung,” as Gistrus
auribarbis, and again on the following page (p. 172) as 09. rufibarbis. Brauer considered awi-
barbis to be a variety, and on that account elected to designate the species by the later name.
This, however, being contrary to the rules of priority, cannot be admitted.
+ I aim informed by Mr. GC. W. Dale, of Glanvilles Wootton, that he took a single specimen
of this species at Loch Rannoch, Perthshire, on June 14th, 1896 ; it came flying round his head.
+ It should be remarked that these dates refer to Austria, and may require slight ulteration
in the case of Great Britain.
10 (January,
wing during July and August and until the first days of September, and that he has
found the full-grown larve in the throat of the roe from May to August. The fly
which, like the rest of its congeners, is thickly clothed with hair, measures 15 mm.
(7 lines) in length. In the male the hair on the thorax in front of the transverse
suture is of a bright greyish-ochre ; behind the suture it is deep blue-black; the
abdomen is clothed with bright yellow hair, with an orange-yellow tuft on each side
of the segments from the second to the fourth, the tufts on the third enclosing a
small black-haired spot. The female is so far similar to the male that it cannot be
mistaken, though considerable differences are seen on a close examination; the hairy
coat is less brightly coloured, and that on the abdomen is sparser ; owing to the
hair being concentrated more on the anterior halves of the segmeuts, the abdomen
appears to be banded.
Pharyngomyia picta, Mg.—This species, of which the larve, like
those of the preceding, are found in the throat of the red deer
(Cervus elaphus, L.), though an old established member of our British
List, has not been heard of for half a century, and it is quite time that
a record was published of the capture of another British specimen.
Figured by Curtis (under its original name, (strus pictus) in his
“British Entomology,” pl. 106 (1826), where it is stated that a single
specimen was “taken by Mr. Samouelle in the New Forest at Burley
Heath, 12th of June, 1823,” its larvee were afterwards made the
subject of a “ Note on the Bot infesting the Stag,” by Bracy Clark,
published in the “ Zoologist,” vol. v, 1847, pp. 1569, 1570, and re-
printed subsequently in Clark’s “ Addenda, 1848.”* Clark refers to
the specimen taken by Samouelle, and says that a subsequent capture
was made in the same place by “our very worthy friend and excellent
entomologist, J. C. Dale, Esq.”+ a
Since the date of Clark’s observations nothing more has been
heard of the species in this country. So far as British entomologists
are concerned, it seems to have remained sunk in oblivion for the last
fifty years, and to have become, so to speak, one of those nomina nuda
of the List, of which Ephippium thoracicum, Ltr., Doros conopseus,
Fabr., and others are conspicuous examples. Nowadays red deer are
doubtless much less numerous in the New Forest than they were in
the first half of this century, and this may well account for the dis-
* Of. Austen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. xvi, 1895, pp. 150, 151. The ‘‘ Note” as
originally published was headed with figures of the larva and pupa described as those of ‘‘ Gstyus
cervi)”; the reprint in the ‘‘ Addenda, 1848,” has different figures of the larva and pupa, and
also a woodcut of the imago.
+ The specimen alluded to is still in existence, and in the collection of Mr. C. W. Dale, to
whom I am indebted for the following extract from his father’s entomological diary, giving the
date and exact locality of its capture :—
“©1835. July 31st. Stoney Cross, Hants. I think I saw 2 Gistrus pictus settle on a fern, and
I struck at and missed them : looked like bees.
“August Ist. Lyndhurst. Gstrus pictus on dried leaves. Captured this one.”
1898.] wil
possible, to obtain further information upon this point, I applied to
the Hon. G. Lascelles, Deputy Surveyor of the New Forest, of the
Queen’s House, Lyndhurst. Mr. Lascelles, writing under date October
17th, 1897, replied to my enquiries as follows :—
“The number of red deer in the New Forest is very small—perhaps a dozen or
so. At the time of the Deer Removal Act, 1851, they were reduced to the lowest
ebb, and a mere remnant has existed since. I have killed only a few from time to
time, and I have never observed such a bot-fly as you name, or its larvee in the
throats of deer. I have killed so many fallow deer that if it existed in their case I
must have observed it.”
With reference to the last remark of Mr. Lascelles, it may be
added that the fly has never been reported to attack fallow deer;
indeed, did it do so, Ph. picta ought to be comparatively common,
considering the number of fallow deer kept in parks in this country.*
All Gistrine (even species like Hypoderma lineatum, Vill., and Gas-
trophilus equi, Fabr., whose larve are parasitic in domestic cattle and
horses) are relatively rare in the perfect state, and, therefore, it is not
surprising that Ph. picta should have disappeared from the New
Forest, where it could have but a dozen victims. But the argument
does not apply in the case of deer-forests in Scotland, or the country
of the ‘‘ Devon and Somerset,” and Dipterists who have access to these
favoured localities at the proper season should bear this in mind.
As a further hint to collectors, it may be added that, according to
Brauer, Cephenomyia auribarbis is a comparatively sluggish fly, which
does not wander far from the haunts of the deer; C. stimulator and
Pharyngomyia picta, on the other hand, are much more active and
roam further afield. Of these latter species, the males in particular
are very partial to the summits of mountains, where they greet the
climber by sweeping to and fro in the air in front of him, while in
colder weather they may be found seated on stones warmed by the
rays of the sun- |
Brauer states that the larve attain their full development in May and June,
and that the fly is on the wing at the end of June and during July. Unlike
Cephenomyia this species is clothed only with short hair, so that it appears to be
bare. According to Brauer (“ Monographie,” pp. 178, 179) the head is yellowish-
brown, beautifully marked with shimmering silvery flecks; the face and occiput are
* For some reason the fallow deer appears to be remarkably little troubled by the attacks of
Gstrine. According to Brauer and von Bergenstamm (‘‘ Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der
Muscaria Schizometopa--Exclusive Anthomyidw—Pars iv ;” Denkschr. math.—-naturwiss. Classe
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Bd., lxi, 1894, p. 587) the only species that molest it are ‘ Cephenomyia
rufibarbis, Wd.” (= C. auribarbis, Mg.), and an unknown species of Hypoderma. The former,
however, is given with a note of interrogation, and from a comparison with the ‘‘ Monographie,”
p. 276, its insertion as a parasite of the fallow deer appears simply to rest on a vague and unsup-
ported statement by Bechstein (“‘ Gemeinniitzige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands,” Bd., i, 1801, p.
452) to the effect that this deer is ‘“‘von Engerlingen ((istrus) geplagt” (‘‘ plagued by bots
(Gistrus)”’).
12 (January,
clothed with fine downy golden-yellow hair; the thorax in the male is darker, and
somewhat bluish-grey, in the female it is bright silvery bluish-white ; it is spotted
and streaked with black, especially conspicuous being a broad, dead-black, and some-
what quadrate patch in the median line in front of the scutellum ; the abdomen is
black, with shimmering silvery markings; the legs are yellowish-brown, and the
femora have a dark streak on the posterior side. The length of the fly is from 13
to 14 mm. (65 lines).
Hypoderma Diana, Brauer.—This is a little greyish-brown species,
smaller than H. lineatum, Vill. (the common cattle gad-fly), and
according to Brauer its larve are parasitic upon the red deer and the
roe, being found in cysts (warbles) beneath the skin of the back,
chiefly in the vicinity of the spine. Brauer states (‘‘ Monographie,”
pp. 115—117) that the insect is on the wing in May, in Northern
Germany later, and until August. The length of the male is 11 mm.
(53 lines), that of the female 12 mm. (not including the ovipositor).
Full grown larve are to be met with from February to April, and they
leave the host from the beginning of March until the latter month.
According to evidence from a firm of leather merchants, published by Miss E.
A. Ormerod (“Report of Observations of Injurious Insects,” 1896, pp. 134—189),
in Scotland red deer and roe are both troubled with the attacks of Hypoderma
larvee, though the former are by far the greatest sufferers in this respect. The firm in
question (Messrs. R. and J. Pullman, 17, Greek Street, Soho Square, London, W.)
even goes so far as to say that:—‘“The Scotch red deer pelts are all more or less
infested with marks of ‘bot.’”’ To judge from the pelts, hinds are attacked much
more severely than stags, but this is due to the fact that the stags are killed earlier
in the season, before the larvee have come to maturity. The same firm states that
bot- or warble-marks ‘‘ have never been noticed on the pelts of fallow deer,’* but
that, “ The Scottish roe deer pelts are frequently seen very badly ‘ bot-marked ;’ but
the ‘ bot-holes’ are smaller than in the red deer pelts, and some are so full of small
‘bot-holes’ it seems as if a charge of shot had riddled the pelts.” No Scotch
specimens of deer gad-flies have yet been bred, but Miss Ormerod, after examining
a number of maggots taken from the hide of a young red deer, considered that they
might “be very safely referred to the second stage of the larvee of the Hypoderma
Diana, Brauer” (op. cit., p. 187). On the other hand we have the remarkable
statement as to the smaller size of the bot-holes in the roe deer pelts. If this is
really the case, it can only be explained in one of two ways: either the roe deer are
killed at a period when the Hypoderma larvee with which they are infested are not
so far advanced as those in the hides of the red deer at the time the latter are shot;
or we have in this country two species of Hypoderma, one of which is parasitic upon
the red deer, the other upon the roe. In the latter event the British roe deer
parasite may prove to be Hypoderma Diana, while the persecutor of the red deer
may be found in Hypoderma Acteon, Brauer.
According to the author, this species, which is 13 mm., or just over 6 lines in
* Of. supra, p. 11, note.
1898.) 13
length (not including the ovipositor in the female), is parasitic upon Cervus elaphus.
He characterizes it shortly as follows :—‘‘ Smaller species, with thorax marked with
four glistening black stripes, and clothed with short and fine hair; abdomen black,
flecked with silver, clothed at the base with whitish-yellow, at the tip with golden-
yellow hair” (“ Monographie,’ p. 118). Brauer states that he has examined
specimens from Austria and Thuringia, and that the insect is on the wing in May.
He observed larve in the third or final stage in March and April, and adds that they
leave the host in the latter month.
British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. :
November 3rd, 1897.
NOTES ON SOME INTERESTING HETEROPTERA MET WITH
IN 1897.
BY F. B. JENNINGS.
Prior to the latter half of last season, I had taken no very active
interest in the Order Hemiptera, but the discovery in August, whilst
searching for Coleoptera, of some very good species, induced me to
begin collecting these insects systematically. I record below my more
distinguished captures. .
The four species following were all taken in the neighbourhood
of Box Hill, Surrey :—
Sehirus morio, four specimens. —The first presented itself to my
gaze most unexpectedly on August 15th, when pulling up a young
Verbascum plant, and shortly afterwards I found another under a
stone. On August 29th, in the same vicinity; 1 found a pair at the
roots of a tal! plant, which I was not botanist enough to recognise.
Two of the four specimens were damaged when found.
Sciocoris cursitans.—A single specimen found on August 15th, at
the roots of one of the tall plants before-mentioned. The locality
appears to be quite a new one for this species, as Mr. Edward Saunders
(Hem. Het. Br. Islands, p. 23) records it from Deal and Sandwich
only. An additional interest attaches to the locality from its inland
situation.
Corimelena scarabeoides —On August 29th I found some scattered
patches of dog-violet growing amongst moss on one of the slopes of
the hill. It occurred to me that I might possibly find the weevil
Orobitis cyaneus at the roots, so I set to work to examine some of
them. No Orobitis turned up, but presently, on shaking a plant, two
specimens of Corimelena dropped out. This encouraged me to go on
working, and in about half an hour I had taken ten specimens, of
14 | January,
which one was a larva, and another, although apparently in the ima-
ginal state, had not yet attained its proper depth of colouring, the
two latter individuals I restored as nearly as I could to their original
positions. I may add that I sifted the thick moss surrounding some
of the plants without result.
I believe C. searadeoides has not before been recorded as attached to Viola.
Mr. Saunders only mentions that it has been found in Britain “in moss and dead
leaves, and by casual sweeping,” adding that, “Dr. Puton, in his ‘Synopsis des
Hémiptéres Hétéroptéres de France,’ says it occurs by sweeping in meadows, es-
pecially on Ranunculaceous plants” (Hem. Het. Br. Islands, p- 15). It is now of
interest to recall the fact that Mr. J. J. Walker has taken another small Pentatomid, ;
Gnathoconus picipes, in some numbers at Yarmouth, “at the roots of a species of
violet, probably Viola canina, in a very restricted space on the North Denes” (Ent.
Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 282).
Gonocerus venator.—One specimen beaten out of box, August 29th.
This individual is unfortunately minus one of its hind-legs, which
injury may possibly have been caused by my too enthusiastic beating.
I believe the only previous record of Gonocerus in this Magazine was
that by Mr. J. W. Douglas, in Vol. ii, First Series (1865), p. 46, which
will, I think, bear repetition. Mr. Douglas’ note was as follows: —
“Twice, at a long interval, during fifteen years, I have taken a single example
by beating the box trees on Box Hillin May; but, although I have beaten about
the bush nearly every May, and also in other months, these two were all that
rewarded my diligence. Still, it would be hazardous to say that the insects have
not been there during any of those seasons, knowing, as we do, how many fortuitous
circumstances must often happen together to enable an entomologist to find some
particular species. Be this as it may, it is certain that, on the 23rd inst., I was lucky
enough to get eight g and eight 2 of this coveted beauty. They affect the shoots
that stand out from the bushes, and are fond of sitting on the top of them in the
bright sunshine, and taking short flights from one to another; and when one is in
the net, you are not sure of him, as he has a strong propensity to fly out of it.
“Fieber gives oaks and hedge-roses as the habitat of this speeies ; with us it is
exclusively found on the box.”
The difference in the dates of Mr. Douglas’ captures and mine appears note-
worthy.*
The following additional species, from various localities, are of
more or less interest :— Henestaris laticeps, a uice series, for which I
am indebted to my friend Mr. W. H. Harwood, of Colchester, who
accompanied me on September 10th to the spot on the N.E. Essex
coast, where they were taken; Peritrechus nubilus (1) with the
Henestaris ; Coranus subapterus (2), beaten out of ling at Oxshott,
September 11th; Acanthosoma dentatum, a short series out of birch
* The Power Collection possesses a series of Gonocerus, and Mr. E. A. Newbery informs me
that Dr. Capron also had a series, taken, he thinks, about the year 1884.
1898.] 15
in Epping Forest, September 14th and 25th, in company with the
commoner A. interstinctum ; Nabis brevipennis, several out of oak, and
one from hornbeam, Loughton; I mention this merely because Mr.
Saunders only gives it in his work as on Corylus ; as NV. brevipennis,
like the rest of the genus Wabdis, is insectivorus in its habits, there
seems to be no reason why it should be attached exclusively to one
kind of tree; Salda cincta (1), on a ditch bank at Cheshunt, Lea
Valley, October 24th.
152, Silver Street, Upper Edmonton, N.:
December 1st, 1897.
[I have taken Gonocerus on two occasions on box trees at Box
Hill, in July and August, 1868; as these are intermediate dates to
those given by Mr. Jennings, I think it may be worth while to men-
tion them.—E. S.]
PECILOSCYTUS VULNERATUS, WOLFF, AN ADDITION TO THE
LIST OF BRITISH HEMIPTERA.
BY H. J. THOULESS.
On September 17th last I took on the sand hills at Yarmouth
some Hemiptera which did not appear to answer the description of
anything in the British list. I sent a pair to Mr, Saunders, who has
been kind enough to examine them, and finds them to be Peciloscytus
rulneratus, Wolff, a species which occurs in Sweden, Denmark,
Germany, France, Switzerland, and all over South Europe, but which
has not previously been recorded from Britain.
All I saw were on the patches of Galium verum growing among
the short grass, but on the continent, according to Dr. Reuter, it has
also been found on Galiwm Mollugo, Achillea, Echium, Artemisia,
Plantago, and Arenaria.
It is a very pretty and conspicuous species, somewhat like P. wnifasciatus, but
considerably smaller than that insect, and at once distinguishable by its paler color,
being scarcely marked with black, and by the shorter and stouter third and fourth
joints of the antennz, which taken together do not equal the length of the 2nd.
In wnifasciatus the head and thorax are nearly entirely black, the scutellum black,
except at the apex, and the elytra have the clavus and a wide band on the corium
black.
It was not common, and I was only able to obtain just over a
dozen specimen. Probably it was rather too late in the season, as
most of my examples, especially the males, were rather worn.
48, Grove Avenue, Norwich:
December 3rd, 1897.
16 (January,
VARIATION OF THE FORM OF THE MAXILLAZ IN THE GENUS
MORDELLA.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, FZ.S.
Several years ago, when studying the Mordellide, I noticed that
some of the species of the genus Mordella, Kuropean and American,
had long slender lobes to the maxille, the outer one tapering, and so
much elongated as to be partly exposed, and others short obtuse lobes.
These characters, overlooked by Mulsant, Emery, and others, are well
illustrated in IL. fasciata, F.,and M. aculeata, L.,as may be seen by the
accompanying figures: No. 1 representing the
: maxille and maxillary palpus of UM. fasciata, and
! No. 2 the corresponding parts of If aculeata. The
/ \ outer lobe in IL. aculeata varies in length, and the
angular dilatation on the inner side towards the apex
- is not always distinct. Jacquelin Duval’s description
and figure of the maxille of the genus Mordella (Gen. Col. Europ.,
ili, pp. 405, 406, t. 90, fig. 447 bis) were probably taken from the
S. European MW. sulcicauda, Muls. (some of the varieties of which
closely resemble WZ. fasciata, F.), or from MM. aculcata, L.; the figure
is incorrectly assigned to M. fasciata, F. His description does not
apply to the last-mentioned species, in which these organs are formed
very much as in Tomowia biguttata, Cast.; the maxille of this insect
being also figured by him on the same plate (fig. 446¢). The dis-
sections were made long ago and forgotten, till Mr. J. J. Walker
recorded the capture of J. aculeata in Kent.*
The sexual characters of some of the species of this family, as
illustrated by Mordellistena abdominalis, F., &c.. have already been
noticed by me.t
Horsell, Woking :
September 18th, 1897.
HOMALIUM NIGRICEPS, Kirs.: SYNONYMIC NOTE.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
The Homalium nigriceps of our collections, first introduced as a
British insect by the late E. C. Rye (Ent. Annual, 1863, p. 89), with
some doubt, is,as generally admitted by British Coleopterists, a colour
variety of H. cesum, Grav. ; itis not, however, referable to the apterous
H. nigriceps, Kies., but to H. tricolor, Rey [Omaliens, p. 218 (1880) ].
* Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, pp. 161,
+ Biol. Centr.-Am. Col., iv, 2, p. sata Ent. Mo. Mag., xxvii, pp. 287, 288.
1898.] WA
HT. nigriceps, Kies., as pointed out by Rey (Joc. cit., p. 227), differs from
the reddish varieties of H. ceswm in having the head less rugose, the
elytra shorter, the antenne longer, &e. H. nigriceps is a mountain
species, found in the Auvergne, Vosges, Pyrenees, &c., while H. tricolor
is generally distributed in France, as well as in Great Britain. I have
had correctly named specimens of H. nigriceps from Cantal, in the
Auvergne district, in my collection for many years, but till M. Fauvel
recently called my attention to the matter, I had not compared them
with British ones. He has recently published a short note on the
same subject (Rev. d’Ent., 1897, p. 230).
Horsell, Woking :
November 25th, 1897.
Brachysomus hirtus, Boh. (Platytarsus setulosus, Boh.), at Chatham.—This
little weevil is usually regarded as one of our rarest species, single specimens being
found at long intervals, usually in moss, in the South of England; and hitherto only
three examples had been taken by me since 1873, which have been recorded in this
Magazine (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. x, p. 253, and vol. xxvi, p.11). It is, therefore, with
no small pleasure that I record its occurrence, in scanty but satisfactory numbers, at
the edge of a coppice about a mile and a half south of Chatham. The first speci-
mens were obtained on October 23rd, by casually shaking over paper a small bough
of hornbeam with the dried leaves on it lying on the ground; and in subsequent
visits, further examples were taken by examining the dry but not decayed leaves of
oak, Spanish chestnut, hornbeam, &c., strewn loosely about and accumulated round
the stumps of the underwood. With the exception of three, which were beaten out
of a faggot a few yards distant, all were found in a space about ten feet by six, the
soil being a light loam overlying the chalk at a very slight depth. It is a very
sluggish creature, and is by no means easy to detect among the débris when feigning
death, which it does with much persistency. According to M. Bedel (Faune des
Coléoptéres du bassin de la Seine, vi, p. 237), Brachysomus hirtus is found “ dans les
bois, sous les feuilles morts—Hiver, printemps—Rare—Presque toute 1l’Kurope
moyenne.” As the beetle is traditionally associated with primroses (cf. Ent. Mo.
Mag., vol. vii, p. 37, and vol. ix, p. 159), lam able to state that this plant grows
plentifully in the spot where my specimens were taken.—JAMES J. WALKER, 23,
Ranelagh Road, Sheerness : November 8th, 1897.
Captures of Coleoptera, &c., during the past season in the vicinity of Hastings.
—Although I have had less time at collecting than usual, this year has afforded a
fair number of species which do not occur here commonly. Taking them in seasonal
order, Gyrinus urinator heads the list, taken, as before, round submerged posts in
the River Rother in January, in about the same numbers as last year. In April
Apion varipes turned up to the number of six among a swarm of A. difforme swept
under a hawthorn hedge at Ewhurst. In May Ceuthorrhynchidius Chevrolati made
B
18 (January,
its appearance on the usual railway bank, along with Orchestes pratensis, Apion
stolidum (not recorded previously from this district), Cassida sanguinolenta, and
innumerable Apion ebeninum and Gymnetron pascuorum. Visiting Winchelsea
towards the end of June I found Donacia cinerea in fair numbers at the same end
of the same ditch, with a few D. braccata and D. menyanthidis. In trying for
Gyrinus Suffriani, however, in a ditch where it occurred last year I captured a
single Telmatophilus sparganii, of which species I afterwards (by sweeping the flower
heads of Sparganium ramosum) took enough for a good series, and a few over. In
this same ditch, or rather a very short portion of it, all five of the species of Telma-
tophilus put in an appearance in the course of three visits, besides Phytobius notula,
Cocerdula scutellata, and Eubrychius velatus. In July Rhinoncus inconspectus was
fairly abundant on Polygonum persicaria, with one or two Hypera Pollua, at Pe-
vensey, where also a few Laecophilus variegatus occurred. At Camber Harpalus
servus was abundant at roots of grass, and H. cordatus appeared in small numbers
in August, with seven or eight Amara rufvcincta and one Masoreus; Phytobius
Waltoni occurred sparingly on Polygonum at Hwhurst, where Sibinia primita
swarmed in nearly every hedgerow, though I have never taken it but singly in the
neighbourhood before. In September Apion varipes appeared again very sparingly,
and one or two Scymnus capitatus with it at Ewhurst. At St. Leonard’s Ceuthor-
rhynchidius Chevrolati and Orchestes pratensis put in an appearance as long as the
weather remained mild, which was well into October this year. In October my only
other attempt at collecting was « “treacling” expedition to Guestling Wood, in
hopes of turning up Anchomenus livens. I am pleased (2) to be able to assert that
there is still one there at least, but, owing to the roughness of the oak bark, it
managed to give me the slip.
I am also able to record the rare Halictus levigatus from this neighbourhood ;
a single specimen was taken on one of the yellow Composite, along with H. minutus,
which is also new to this district. I am indebted for their names to Mr. Edward
Saunders.—W. W. Esam, Eagle House, St. Leonard’s: December 3rd, 1897.
The food of Silpha levigata, F.—As there appears to be a considerable amount
of doubt with regard to the food of some of the species of Silpha, it may be of
interest to record that I recently watched a Si/pha levigata making a meal of a
snail. The latter appeared to belong to the species common in gardens, and was
about quarter grown. The beetle commenced at the thin edge, cracking the shell
away until it had made a hole large enough to bury its long mandibles in the soft
body of the snail. I am inclined to think that the snail is the usual food of this
species, as the narrow head and long serrated mandibles appear admirably adapted
for this class of food, and reminds one forcibly of the same parts in Cychrus rostratus,
which is well known to be a snail feeder.—H. J. TuouLess, 48, Grove Avenue,
Norwich: December 3rd, 1897.
[This habit of S. levigata is mentioned by Westwood, who states (Introd. Mod.
Classif. Ins., i, p. 136) that “it feeds voraciously upon live snails, digging its strong
jaws into the fleshy bodies of the latter, which in vain endeavour to escape.” It
has also been noticed by Jacquelin Duval and others.—G. C. C.].
1898.] 19
Pissodes notatus near Wellington, Berks.—On July 16th and 17th I found over
thirty specimens of Pissodes notatus near Wellington, under the bark of a felled
Scotch fir; several of them were just emerging from their cocoons, but there were
also quite a number of chrysalides and immature beetles. This usually northern
species has, therefore, occurred far inland in the south. I believe that Bournemouth
is the only other southern locality for this species.—L. M. Bucknitt, Wellington
College, Berks: December 12th, 1897.
Pissodes notatus, F., near Bournemouth.—While collecting one afternoon lately
at a place called “ Ferndown” (Dorset), near Bournemouth, I took two specimens
of this species in a fir plantation —E. J. Burcess Sopp, Saxholme, Hoylake :
December 11th, 1897.
Coleoptera notabilia of the Liverpool district during 1897.—The following
species have been added to our list of local Coleoptera during the past year.
Gyrinus opacus, Leasowe. Helophorus rugosus, swept from herbage some distance
from water, Sealand. Grypeta labilis, several localities. Tachyusa flavitarsis,
Hoylake. Diglossa mersa, sea shore, Formby. Pederus littoralis, Hoylake. Aga-
thidium nigripenne, Willason, under aspen bark. Hoplia philanthus, Wallasey.
Sericosomus brunneus and Lyctus canaliculatus, Delamere. Ochina hedere, Led-
sham, in ivy on tree trunks, abundant. Mordellistena brunnea, Ledsham. Otior-
rhynchus atroapterus, Formby sandhills. Sitones cambricus, Ledsham. Ceuthor-
rhynchus rugulosus, Stanlow and Chester. . Hylastes opacus and H. obscurus,
Delamere Forest, in bark of pine stumps; and AHylesinus vittatus, Shotwick,
abundant in an elm rail.
Besides the above records it may be thought worth while to mention that
Carabus nitens has again been taken at Freshfield (damp places in the sandhills) and
at Knowsley. Bembidium stomoides, at mouth of River Alt; and Chlenius
nigricornis, banks of Gowey, neither species having been recorded from the district
for nearly twenty years. gialia rufa was taken in June at Wallasey, and a single
specimen of Anthicus bimaculatus in a dead sea bird on the shore at Formby.
Of the above species other records seem to afford evidence that 1897 has been
a year of abundance for C. nitens and P. littoralis.
It may be of interest, in view of the interesting and suggestive remarks by Mr.
Barrett in recent issues of this Magazine, to state—
(1). That the “ Liverpool district” here referred to consists of the plain of
S.W. Lancashire south of the Ribble, and N.W. Cheshire between the Eastern hills
and valley of the Dee; the region so delimitated being of one uniform geological
character, that of the sandstone of the Trias, generally overlaid by the boulder
clays, and comprising besides the cultivated area, coast sandhills, peat mosses, de-
tached woodlands, and heaths.
(2). That the recording of the entomolugical fauna is a work officially undertaken
by a local Society (the Entomological Society of Lane. and Ches.), and assigned by
it to a Special Committee, which reports annually to that Society additions in all
Orders of Insects to the local faunistic lists, each record in any Order being verified
by the member of the “ Record Committee ” responsible for that Order.
B 2
“
20 { January,
(3). That as regards Coleoptera the excellent list of Dr. J. W. Ellis, published
in 1889, forms the base on which new records are made as “ additions.”
W. E. Suarp, Ledsham: December, 1897.
Prosopis dilatata and Megachile versicolor, near Maidstone.—On June 22nd
last I was fortunate enough to take a female of Prosopis dilatata in Oaken Wood,
and on July 16th in King’s Wood, a female of Megachile versicolor, burrowing in a
piece of decayed oak stump, also two others on August 21st, from the head of a
thistle. Celoxys rufescens probably associates with this Megachile, for close to the
spot and on the same day that I took my first. specimen I also captured on bramble
a male and female of this inquiline.—Huspert Exear, Assistant Curator, Museum,
Maidstone : December, 1897.
[I have seen these specimens, and although the females of dilatata and Masoni
are very hard to distinguish, I think Mr. Elgar’s determination is undoubtedly
correct.—H. S8.]
Pompilus (Aporus) unicolor, Spin., near Dover.—l took a 9 of this rarity at
St. Margaret’s Bay on August 10th last. -F. W. L. Suapen, Ripple Court, Ring-
would, Dover: December 2nd, 1897.
A freak of Nature: Lasiocampa trifolit.— Early in July of last year Mr. Gray,
Naturalist, of this town (well known for his captures of A. Lathonia nearly twenty
years ago), informed me of the curious behaviour of a specimen of Lasiocampa
trifolii he had bred. It was one of three which had emerged one afternoon and had
not fully expanded its wings, when an evening engagement (which detained Mr.
Gray until a late hour) drew him from home. When the breeding cage was looked
at the next morning two of the three inmates were battered and ragged from dashing
wildly about, but this specimen (which was the first to emerge) occupied the same
position it had first taken up, and was metaphorically “as fresh as paint’ two days
afterwards. Of course it was duly pinned out, but although in the height of summer,
it refused to dry for an unnatural time, and when brought to me a week afterwards
was still sufficiently limp for me to re-arrange the wings to my liking. Mr. Gray
had assured me that it was not an hermaphrodite or gynandrous specimen, but a
pure male, at least so far as the pectinated antenn# and wings were concerned, and
so I found it, everything purely male and the shape of wings and their coloration
normal, but the body was unduly distended, and although not longer than that of
the male, of quite a female character, and upon pressure of the abdomen it exuded
two or three imperfectly developed eggs. This insect appeared to me sufficiently
curious to mention it to my friends, but I probably should not have recorded it if I
had not been urged to do so by Mr. Barrett.—SypnEY WEBB, Maidstone House,
Dover: December, 1897.
[So strange a freak as this appears to me to be exceptionally worthy of record.
This specimen is to all external appearance a male—antenne, thorax, wings, all male
—even the abdomen, though thickened, has much the same appearance, since there is a
very noticeably expanded anal tuft. But so far as can be ascertained without actual
dissection there is no trace of either of the harpes (claspers) or of the wneus (anal
1898.] 21
hook), while on the other hand the ovipositor, although not extruded, is very
distinct and centrally situated, and the body has every appearance of still con-
taining numerous eggs.—C. G. B.].
Limnophilus nigriceps, Zett., at Ipswich.—Among several other T'richoptera
taken on the banks of the Gipping on October 9th Mr. McLachlan has picked out
this as being a species worthy of mention. I have little doubt I could have taken
many more if I had liked to do so, but this is the first time it has been observed in
the district, and, as far as I am aware, in Suffolk——CiaupE Moruey, Everton
House, Ipswich: December 7th, 1897.
Limnophilus affinis at sea ten miles from land.—When the Rev. A. E. Eaton
was on his way home from Algeria by sea, a 9 of this small caddis fly flew on board
the steamer on September 12th last, when ten miles off the Sussex coast. This power
of making long flights may have connection with the wide distribution of the species,
which probably inhabits the whole of Europe, and which I possess, or have seen,
from Eastern Siberia, the Caspian, North Persia, Iceland, and Madeira. The larva
of this species can exist in brackish water.—R. McLacuuan, Lewisham, London :
December 4th, 1897.
Societies.
BIRMINGHAM ENTomMoLoGicaL Society: October 18th, 1897.—Mr. G. T.
BETHUNE-BAKER, President, in the Chair.
Mr. R. C. Bradley showed the following Diptera from Sutton :—Machimus
atricapillus, the first true Asilid he had seen there; Helophilus trivittatus; and
Cenomyia alpina, a species which is marked doubtfully British in Mr. Verrall’s list,
but has just been confirmed by Mr. Grimshaw in the Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1897,
from specimens taken in South Ayrshire. Mr. Bradley had taken a score in his
garden during the summer, all males ; he said that it was so like Musca vomitoria
that it was probably overlooked on that account. Mr. A. H. Martineau, Asilus
crabroniformis from Nenin, North Wales, also a smaller species of Asilus with a
Lycena Alecis in its grasp. Mr. Bethune-Baker, two drawers from his collection
containing a portion of the genus Pieris. Mr. P. W. Abbott, Deilephila galii from
Wallasey, where the larva was found this year by Mr. Victor Wilson; a short series
of Lithosia caniola from South Devon, August, 1897. Mr. G. H. Kenrick read a
paper upon “ Mimicry,” in which he pointed out all the difficulties of the present
theories, and said that he believed we ought not to arrive at any conclusions until
we had more and better evidence ; he exhibited a very fine lot of examples of both
Batesian and Miillerian mimicry, exhibiting both phenomena in a particularly perfect
state.—CoLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Secretary.
CAMBRIDGE EnTOMOLOGICAL AND Naturat History Sociery: October
29th, 1897.
Mr. Farren exhibited H. lineola from Burwell Fen, P. xanthomista from the
Isle of Man, D. rubiginea (reared) from Reading, and A. occulta from Rannoch.
Mr. Lefroy, specimens of some salt water insects from South Wales; a beetle
Dy) (January,
(Ochthebius Lejolisi) and its larva, a rat-tailed maggot resembling Eristalis, and two
Chironomid larvze with the pupa and fly of one of them; they Jived in small salt
pools on the face of a cliff, about ten feet above high tide, the saltness of the water
varying greatly from time to time. Dr. Sharp, a small portion of the Collection of
Carabide made by Mr. Perkins in the Hawaiian Islands for a Committee of the
Royal Society and British Association ; 700 or 800 specimens, representing five or
six very closely allied forms, were shown. He stated that these forms were so ex-
tremely closely allied that it was reasonable to consider them as modifications of one
species that had undergone change in connection with difference of locality; some
of the forms, however, were from the same island, so that it was not possible to
consider the geographical isolation as the immediate or sole cause of the distinctions.
—L. Doncaster, Hon. Secretary.
Tue Sour Lonpon Entomonocicat AND Naturat History Society:
October 28th, 1897.—Mr. R. ADKIN, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. H. B. Browne, B.A., of Hammersmith, was elected a Member.
Mr. Montgomery exhibited a long bred series of Cidaria truncata (russata), the
parent was var. centumnotata, but none of those bred were of that form; also a
bred series of Acidalia dimidiata from July ova, and stated that some half dozen
larvee were not feeding up, and apparently intended to hibernate; specimens of
Apamea ophiogramma bred from ova, and a Cidaria corylata which emerged at the
end of September. Mr. Newman, large Ist and 2nd broods of Arectia Caja, the
former from larve taken round Darenth, the latter from ova, and reared in a green-
house. Considerable variation was shown, but only one of the more extreme dark
forms and one of the yellow hind-wing forms occurred ; a small very pale specimen
was the most unusual form; also Odonestis potatoria bred of varietal forms from
Darenth, Dryas Paphia with white patches, Argynnis Adippe, increase of dark
markings, both from Goodwood, Epinephele Janira, two specimens with the usual
fulvous colour quite white from Singleton, and Smerinthus populi bred of a very pink
tinge. Mr. Tutt, on behalf of Dr. Riding and Mr. Bacot, the long series of the
much debated Tephrosias, together with crosses, hybrids, mongrels, &c., and made
remarks upon the results of their experiments ; on behalf of Mr. Merrin, a long
series of vars. of Aglais urtice, having an incipient silvery mark on the under-sides
of the fore-wings; on behalf of Mr. Horne, an almost completely black variety of
Nemeophila plantaginis ; and on behalf of Mr. Griffith, a series of Tephrosias taken
in the Bristol Woods. Mr. Moore, a specimen of Hnodia portlandica from North
America, and said that it did not seem right to place this species and L. hyperanthus
in the same genus; and a specimen of Locusta viridissima with its eggs from
Chambéry. Mr. Adkin, vars. of Argynnis Selene from Sutherlandshire, much duller
than usual, and with marginal spots large and pale. Mr. Merrifield, a very large
number of specimens bred under extremes of temperature, to illustrate his resumé,
entitled, “Recent Examples of the Effect on Lepidoptera of Extreme Temperatures
applied in the Pupal stage.”
November 11th, 1897.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. Tutt exhibited a number of Psyche cases taken by Messrs. Edwards, Tunaley
and himself in the Forest of Fontainebleau, including Psyche unicolor (graminella),
1398.] 23
P. opacella, Epichnopteryx bombycella, and Fumea nitidella (intermediella). Mr.
Filer, a long series of mottled forms of Nonagria arundinis (typhe) bred by Mr.
Dennis and himself from Surrey. Mr. Bishop, specimens of Aglais urtice, one
having very large spots and the other almost var. ichnusa, both from Epping ; Agrotis
exclamationis with scarcely perceptible markings; Melanippe fluctuata, having a
broad marginal band dark, the inner area light with the exception of a black costal
blotch on the fore-wings; and various varieties of Fidonia atomaria. Mr. Moore,
the following Grthoptera from Lu Grande Chartreuse :—Stetheophyma variegata,
Decticus verrucivorus, Psophus stridulus, Stenobothrus geniculatus, S. declivus,
Gdipoda fasciatum, and others, and contributed interesting notes and observations.
Mr. Adkin, bred specimens of a black variety of Odontopera bidentata from West-
moreland. Mr. Tutt then read a paper, entitled, “ The Drinking habits of Butterflies
and Moths,” and a long discussion ensued.
November 25th, 1897.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. Tunaley exhibited xanthic specimens of Hpinephile Janira taken in North
Kent in 1896; a variable series of Angerona prunaria from the same locality ; and,
on behalf of Miss Miller, of Chelmsford, an unusual variation of Acronycta rumicis,
having a distinct submarginal red tinge on the wings, some portions of the body
being similarly tinted. Mr. H. Moore, a small collection of Lepidoptera taken in
France last August while on a cycling tour, and contributed notes. H#. Janira
generally, and Hrebia ethiops and E. neoridas locally, were the only species at all
commonly seen ; Chambéry was the farthest point reached. Mr. Bristowe, a small
collection of Lepidoptera taken during a short visit to Japan; it was remarked how
close the species were to those of our own country, but much larger. Mr. Tutt, a
bred series of Cnethocumpa pityocampa, from larve taken by Dr. Chapman in South
France, and remarked on the considerable sexual dimorphism; also a specimen of
Eriogaster catax from the same locality. Mr. Adkin, an asymmetrical specimen of
Arctia Caja, in which the left fore- and hind-wings were much suffused with the
dark brown colour, the right wings being normal; the specimen was one of a second
brood, and emerged from pupa in October last.—HeEnry J. Turner, Hon. Secretary:
ENtTOMOLOGICAL Soctrery oF Lonpon: November 17éh, 1897.—Mr. R.
McLacutan, F.R.S., Vice-President and Treasurer, in the Chair.
The Chairman referred with regret to the death, while serving on the Indian
Frontier Expedition, of Capt. E. Y. Watson, Fellow of the Society, and well known
for his writings on Oriental Rhopalocera.
Miss E. F. Chawner, of Forest Bank, Lyndhurst ; Mr. F. N. Brown, M.R.C.S.,
of The Elms, Chobham, and Natal; Mr. Albert Harrison, F.C.S., of 72, Windsor
Road, Forest Gate; Mr. Albert Norris, of Church Lane, Napier, New Zealand ;
Mr. Stephen Pegler, of Retford, Notts; Mr. Edward G. J. Sparke, M.A., of 1,
Christchurch Villas, Tooting Bee Road, 8S.W.; and Mr. Wilmot Tunstall, of Brook
House, Meltham, near Huddersfield ; were elected Fellows of the Society.
Mr. Selwyn Imaye exhibited male examples of Pieris brassice with a black
spot on the dise of the fore-wings. They were bred from larve found feeding on
Tropeolum at Lee, N. Devon, in the autumn of 1896, and six out of ten males
showed this variation. He also showed a dark aberration of Vanessa urtica, taken
24 (January, 1898.
at Copthorne, in Sussex, and exhibited two fine specimens of Plusia moneta taken
at valerian, near Balcombe, Sussex, on June 30th, 1897. Mr. M. Burr, three new
species of Roumanian Orthoptera in illustration of a later communication. On
behalf of Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, of Mesilla, New Mexico, two specimens of Synchloe
lacinia from that locality were exhibited to show the remarkable forms of variation
found in individuals occurring at the same time and place and on the same flowers.
Mrs. Nicholl communicated a paper “‘ On the Butterflies of Aragon ;”’ and Mr. Burr
a “List of Roumanian Orthoptera.” My. Tutt read a paper, entitled, ‘Some
Results of recent Experiments in hybridising Tephrosia bistortata and Tephrosia
crepuscularia.”’
December 1st, 1897.—Mr. R. Trimen, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Hope Alderson, of Hilda Vale, Farnborough; Mr. Arthur Horne, of Ugie
Bank, Aberdeen; Mr. Charles H. Pemberton, of 4, Kent’s Terrace, Torquay ; and
Mr. E. P. Stebbing, Indian Forest Service; were elected Fellows of the Society.
Mr. Dudley Wright exhibited an aberration of Argynnis Euphrosyne, in which
the upper-side was suffused with black, and the silver spots of the under-side of the
hind-wings converted into streaks. On behalf of Mr. W. H. Tuck, Mr. Tutt showed
examples of Metecus paradoxus, L., taken in nests of Vespa vulgaris, near Bury
St. Edmunds, together with some of the cells in which they were found. About a
fifth of the nests examined were affected, some containing as many as twenty-four,
twelve, and eight examples of the beetle ; the more usual number present was from
two to four. The dates between which examples were taken in 1897 were from
August 2nd to October 1st. According to Dr. Chapman, the eggs were laid in the
cracks of posts, &c., from which the wasps got the pulp to make their cells. Combs
were also exhibited from the nests of Vespa crabro and Vespa germanica, in which
Mr. Tuck had found larve of Velleius dilatatus, Fabr., which, however, he had been
unable to rear. The Rev. A. E. Eaton, a specimen of the singular Myodites sub-
dipterus, Fabr., taken by himself at Biskra, Algeria, and a near ally of Metecus.
Mr. Blandford called attention to a new instance of the destructive propensities of
Dermestes vulpinus, Faby. He had received examples found at Hong-Kong among
flags made of bunting, which were presumably injured, although no details had been
forwarded. This form of injury was analogous with the damage to woodwork
recorded by himself and others; it had nothing to do with the feeding habits of
the insect, but was committed by the larve in their search for shelter in which to
pupate. Probably the flags had been stored at some period in the neighbourhood
of infested leather goods, or dried provisions. The only other case of damage to
textile fabrics by Dermestes vulpinus which he knew of occurred in connection with
the case recorded by him (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. xxxi) ; a blue handker-
chief, spotted with white, left in the infested building, was found next day to have
all the white spots eaten out. In the ensuing discussion Mr. C. G. Barrett referred
to the damage done by Agrotid larve to linen spread out to bleach on the hillsides
near Bellfast. Investigation showed that this did not take place except when the
linen was gathered up and brought into the warehouses without being shaken. The
caterpillars which had taken shelter underneath it then ate their way through, in
order to escape in search of food. Mr. Champion communicated papers, entitled,
“ Notes on American and other Tingitide, with descriptions of two new Genera and
four Species,” and “ A List of the Staphylinide collected by Mr. J.J. Walker, R.N.,
in the region of the Straits of Gibraltar."—W. F. H. Buanprorp, Hon. Sec.
fae ase
February, 1898.) 23
NOTES ON THE RHOPALOCERA, &c., OF THE ALPS,
PARTICULARLY THE UPPER ENGADINE.
BY ALBERT H. JONES, F.E.S.
It may interest some of your readers who collect Lepidoptera to
have an account of my experiences of two summer holidays in the
Upper Engadine.
From July 23rd to August 7th, 1892, I stayed at Campfer, which
is situated between St. Moritz and Silvaplana. This year, in company
with my friend Mr. Charles Fenn, I stopped at the same place from the
12th to 25th July, about a fortnight earlier. On the first occasion I
returned by way of the Stelvio and the Tyrol, and on the last by the
Maloja, the Italian Lakes and the Simplon, spending a few days both
at Zermatt and Chamonix.
To persons who have only visited other parts of the Swiss Alps
the first impression of the Upper Engadine is perhaps disappointing,
the mountains appear low, being viewed from an elevation of 6000
feet. The weather at this altitude is naturally variable, yet on both
visits it was fine, this year exceptionally so. Some of the days were
brilliant in the extreme, and we were fortunate in selecting such for
making lengthened excursions. Our visits to the Cavloccio (an ideal
valley near the Maloja), the Fex Valley, and lastly to the Fuorcla
Surlej (9042 feet), a pass leading to the Roseg Valley, could not easily
be forgotten by any one who appreciates scenery and enjoys a day’s
mountain collecting.
In my experience the best localities are in the neighbourhood of
the little lakes between Campfer and Pontresina, the Schafberg, and
between the Hannen See (about 1000 feet above Campfer), and the
Fuorcla Surlej. It was surprising to find on a sheltered and sunny
slope at about 8000 feet on this Pass, three or four species of butter-
flies in the greatest profusion.
Of the lateral valleys the Cavloccio is probably the best, fulfilling
all the requisite conditions—neither so broad, like the Fex Valley, as
to be exposed, nor too narrow and under the influence of excessive
shadow. The Hrebig predominate to a large extent over other but-
terflies ; they are abundant in the meadows and woods, frequently
three or four species flying together. If one ascends a thousand feet
up to the tree limit, they are equally plentiful although, the species
are different, and the last butterfly seen before reaching the snow is
Erebia glacialis.
Melitea and Argynnis were well represented, and often abun-
Cc
296 [February,
dant. The “Blues” were by no means plentiful, although a fair
number of species were to be found, the best locality for them
probably being along the zigzag path in front of the Hotel d’Angle-
terre. Although we only collected in the day time it was surprising
to find such a scarcity of moths ; occasionally we met with a species
fairly abundant, but that was quite the exception. Some of the forms
were interesting, and several species the same as those occurring on
the Scotch hills in such profusion. Sczaphila argentana was the only
Tortrix we saw!
I append notes of our captures, to which I have added a list of
those species met with in other localities.
Papilio Podalirius, Promontogno (2687 ft.), July 26th, Martigny (1558 ft.), in
gardens and surrounding meadows, August 5th. P. Machaon, near Coire, July 12th,
Promontogno and La Flegére, Chamonix.
Parnassius Apollo, generally distributed and common. P. Delius, commence-
ment of the Cavloccio Valley, common, a few also in the Suvretta Valley at about
6500 ft.
Pieris brassice and rape,afew. P.napi ab. bryonie, one worn, Campfer. P.
Callidice, one or two worn, Cavloccio and Suvretta Valleys. P. Daplidice, Promon-
togno (July 26th) and Martigny (August 5th), rather common, but worn.
Anthocharis Belia var. simplonia, one specimen very worn, Campfer.
Leucophasia sinapis, Zermatt, Chamonix, and Martigny, in the last locality
fairly common.
Colias Paleno and ab. Werdandi and C. Phicomone, a few of each at Campfer
(in 1892 these two species were very abundant). C. Hyale was also very scarce, we
saw but one specimen at Zermatt and a few at Martigny. C. Hdusa was also rare,
but two or three specimens being seen at Chamonix and Martigny. From this it
would appear that 1897 is not a Colias year.
Rhodocera rhamni, Julier Pass, July 12th.
Polyommatus virgauree var. zermattensis, very common at Zermatt. P. Hippo-
thoé var. Eurybia, the best locality for this species is the Fex Valley, where in 1892
it was very abundant.
Lycena Afgon, Fex Valley, common, scarce elsewhere. L. Optilete, a few on
the banks of the Inn at Campfer, but more plentiful near the Hannen See about
1000 feet higher. JL. orbitulus and Astrarche, Campfer, a few. L. Pheretes,
sparingly in 1892, Campfer. L. Aryiolus, Promontogno. JL. Hros, fairly common,
Campfer, males only, the female appears to be excessively scarce. JL. Icarus, fairly
common. JL. Escheri,a few at Campfer, small form. JL. Bellargus, Campfer and
Zermatt. L. Hylas, on the road to the Zmutt Thal, Zermatt, a few. L. Corydon,
generally distributed and fairly common, small form. Z. Damon, not common,
small form. JZ. Donzelii, scarce. L. semiargus, Campfer, the commonest “blue.”
LL. Arion var. obscura, Campfer and Zmutt Valley, Zermatt.
Grapta c-album, Chamonix. JV. wrtice, very abundant in the larval state
throughout the Engadine. V. Zo, Cavloccio Valley. V. Antiopa, at about 8000
feet near Sils Maria. V. Atalanta, Campfer and Zermatt. V. cardui, a few in 1892
near Maloja.
1898.) 27
Welitea Cynthia and M. Aurinia var. Merope, both very common at one spot about
8000 feet between the Hannen See and the Fuorcla Surlej. MU. Phebe, Zermatt,
rather common. WU. didyma, Fex Valley. WM. Athalia,a few, closely resembling the
Devonshire specimens. IU. Parthenie var. varia, not uncommon, Campfer.
Argynnis Pales, the males fairly abundant; we took one or two of the typical
females, but the ab. nap@a was the commoner form. A. Arsilache was also common
in the swampy ground round the little lakes between Campfer and St. Moritz; com-
paring the females of this species with those of Pales, it is difficult to reconcile the
idea that they are one and the same species. Guenée considers them distinct, and he
is probably correct. A. Amathusia, Campfer in 1892, one specimen, and Zermatt. A.
Tno, on the banks of the river Inn, Campfer, two specimens only. A. Lathonia, oc-
casionally. 4. Aglaia (a dark form), rather common, Campfer. A. Niobe and ab.
Eris, very common, Suvretta Valley, Campfer, Zermatt, and Chamonix. 4. Paphia,
Promontogno, not uncommon.
Melanargia Galatea, Promontogno.
Erebia Epiphron, chiefly ab. Nelamus, very abundant, some of the specimens
very dark with little indication of either spots or rusty bands. HH. Melampus, very
abundant, Campfer; we took a few of a large and dark form of this species at La
Flegére, near Chamonix ; they have a strong superficial resemblance to Z. Eriphyle,
but an examination of the anal claspers by Mr. W. E. Nicholson, of Lewes, confirmed
the opinion he had already expressed, that they were a form of Melampus. #.
Pharte, very abundant, July 17th, in a swampy hollow at the commencement of the
Cayloccio Valley, but extremely local; the specimens are the usual Swiss form, those
from the Karinthian Alps are deeper in colour and the rusty bands brighter. £.
Unestra, this is generally considered a scarce species, but in the Upper Engadine it
seems fairly distributed, and in some localities rather common at an elevation of
7000 to 8000 feet. EH. Stygne, La Flegére, Chamonix,afew. E. Nerineand EL. ethiops,
common at Bormio at the foot of Stelvio Pass, August 9th, 1892. EZ. glacialis, at about
8500 feet, Fuorcla Surlej, flying over stones and boulders where there is practically
not a trace of vegetation ; in 1892 I found it commonly in a similar locality on the
Schafberg near Pontresina. ZH. Tyndarus, very common, Campfer. LZ. Gorge, ab.
triopes, abundant just above the tree limit, Campfer, 7000 to 7500 feet. 2. Goante,
common, Campfer, also at Zermatt, very abundant. Z. Ligea, La Flegére. L.
Euryale, excessively plentiful in the woods between Campfer and St. Moritz.
Gneis Aéllo, just above the tree limit, Campfer, rather common, but difficult, as
usual, to obtain in fine condition.
Satyrus Semele, Zermatt. S.cordula, a small form, Zermatt.
Pararge Mera,afew at Campfer. P. Megera, a very fine form, Martigny,
common.
Epinephele Janira, Promontogno, Chamonix, and Zermatt. EH. Lycaon, Zer-
matt, rather common.
Cenonympha Arcania var. Satyrion, common in the swampy ground in the
woods between Campfer and St. Moritz. The form taken here is extremely inter-
esting. The males are quite unicolorous (almost as deep in tone of colour as C.
Hero), without a trace of any fulvous in the centre of the fore-wing; the females
are slightly lighter, with only a faint indication of fulvous. In the Zermatt speci-
mens the fulvous begins to show itself in both sexes.
ay
28 (February,
Syrichthus alveus and S. cacalie, were both common on dry slopes up to
7500 feet.
Hesperia comma (a dark form) and Z. lineola, a few, Suvretta Valley.
Zygena exulans, very abundant at the higher part of the Cavloccio Valley, also
at about 7500 feet near Sils Maria.
Setina aurita var. ramosa, this Alpine and interesting species (allied to our
trrorella) was fairly common on the mountain sides at about 7000 feet.
Arctia flavia, a connecting link between A. Caja and villica. Mr. Fenn found
a male and female at rest on the wall of the Hotel d’Angleterre; the female de-
posited eggs freely, and I have now about 70 larve half grown. German authors
state that the larvae: hibernate two winters, but I should think those I have under
the altered conditions will produce moths next summer.
Gnophos obfuscaria var. canaria (similar to Scotch specimens, but larger) dis-
turbed from rocks, also at light. G. dilucidaria, one or two, not fine.
Psodos alpinata, sparingly in the woods between Campfer and St. Moritz. P.
quadrifaria, occasionally, up to 7500 feet.
Fidonta brunneata (larger than Rannoch specimens) and Acidalia fumata, single
specimens of each, Campfer.
Lobophora sabinata, two, Zmutt Thal, Zermatt.
Larentia cesiata, sparingly, Campfer.
Melanippe hastata var. subhastata, Cavloccio Valley, one specimen.
Cleogene lutearia, the commonest Geometer, flying in the meadows in the
afternoon sunshine.
Anaitis paludata var. imbutata (similar as regards markings to Scotch examples,
but larger), Lygris populata, and Eubolia mensuraria, single examples of each.
Diasemia literalis, one or two. (This species I have taken at Stresa, near
Lago Maggiore).
Botys uliginosalis, occasional specimens; Pempelia carbonariella, Scoparia
sudetica, single examples of each. Mimeseoptilus pelidnodactylus, common; and
a few Sciaphila argentana.
The number of species of butterflies we met with in the Upper
Engadine was 58. Mr. Nicholson tells me that he has taken Argynnis
Thore near Pontresina, and Professor Frey, in “ Die Lepidopteren der
Schweiz” mentions 18 others as occurring there, viz., P. Machaon, P.
Dorilis, L. Humedon, L. Sebrus, L. Alcon, M. Maturna, var. Wolfens-
hergeri, M. Phebe, M. Dictynna, A. Selene, A. Euphrosyne, EH. Evias,
S. andromede, C. Paniscus (2 at Maloja, small form). This makes a
total of about 72 butterflies, a very good list, considering the eleva-
tion and the limited area, viz., Maloja Pass to Samaden, a distance of
15 miles.
It is doubtful if at any corresponding elevation in the Swiss Alps
such a variety could be obtained. Several species of butterflies occur
in very limited numbers and as small forms, suggesting that they have
difficulty in maintaining an existence at such a high altitude. On the
other hand, although the material at hand is very scanty, the moths in
several cases are larger than those found in the British Isles.
Eltham : December 6th, 1897.
1898.] 29
NOTE ON A FEW ORTHOPTERA FROM JAPAN AND KOREA.
BY MALCOLM BURR, F.Z.S.
Tam indebted to Mr. T. 8S. Fletcher, of H.M.S. “ Centurion,” for
a small, but very interesting collection of Orthoptera from Japan and
Korea. The chief interest lies in the notes which Mr. Fletcher has
most carefully written on the papers in which the insects were
packed. If all collectors abroad followed this excellent example, we
should know more about the actual Natural History of the insects,
and not have to be contented with mere descriptions of Museum
specimens.
ANISOLABIS MARITIMA (Bon.).—One male, two females, two immature, Kobé,
June 11th, 1897. “One running along the ground ; the other undera stone. The
only specimens I saw here.” Nagasaki, June 26th, 1897. “ Found under refuse, &c.,
on the beach (shingle and sand) of an island just outside Nagasaki.” Mr. Fletcher
also observed that the male seemed to have a “‘ number of lice (?) adherent to its
under surface.”
TENODERA ARIDIFOLIA (Serv.).—One male and one female. Nagasaki, October
14th, 1897, and October 17th, 1897.
PsevpoMANTIs Haantt (Sauss.).—Nagasaki, October 14th, 1897.
STENOBOTHRUS BICOLOR (Charp.).—Port Lazareff, Korea, October 2nd, 1897.
Mororan, Yezo, September 13th, 1897. Two females.
CEDALEUS INFERNALIS (Sauss.).— Port Lazareff, Korea, a place about twelve
miles from Gensan, October 2nd, 1897.
ACRIDIUM JAPONICUM (Burm.).—Port Hamilton, a group of small islands some
thirty miles south of Korea, October 10th, 1897. Kobé, June 11th, 1897. Naga-
saki, October 17th, 1897, where, he adds, it is common. Two males, one female.
CALOPTENUS ITALICUS (L.).—One male. Port Lazareff, Korea, October 2nd,
1897.
Ducetra sapontca (Thunb.).—Port Lazareff, Korea, October 2nd, 1897.
CONOCEPHALUS BREVIPENNIS (Redt.). — Hakodaté, August 16th, 1897.
** Amongst grass, near the town. Grasshoppers are rather scarce near the town, as
the Japanese boys catch them and put them into little paper cages ; what they do
with them afterwards I do not know.” This species has hitherto been recorded
from North-East India.
GRYLLUS MITRATUS (Burm ).—One male, one female. October 10th, 1897.
Of this species Mr. Fletcher writes: “This is a very common species at Port
Hamilton, where it occurs in dry fields. It is also common at Nagasaki, where I
have found it under heaps of decaying vegetable matter.
(EcantTuvs, sp.—One male, too crushed for accurate identification. It very
closely resembles O. pellucens, Scop., which, however, does not seem to occur further
east than Asia Minor. Mororan (70 or 80 miles from Hakodate), Yezo, September
10th, 1897. “This specimen was found sitting inside a shrivelled-up leaf. There
was a hole in the leaf, and in this hole it was sitting, and making a tremendously
30 [February,
loud noise in proportion to its size. It is an active species, but does not jump far.
Found on sand hills on the beach, about 50 yards above high water mark.” I know
of no @eanthus recorded hitherto from Japan, and it may quite possibly be new.
Bellagio, East Grinstead :
December 20th, 1897.
COLEOPTERA IN THE MANCHESTER DISTRICT DURING 1897.
BY J. HAROLD BAILEY, M.B.
During 1897 most of my collecting was confined to the Man-
chester District, more especially to the portion of the South Lancashire
Plain lying within the fifteen mile radius. With the exception of the
Bollin Valley, all the following records are from localities situated
within this area. The most noticeable feature during the past year
was the occurrence in profusion of certain species not found as a rule
in any great number in the district.
In February, March and April Aphodius conspurcatus occurred
sparingly in horse dung in one corner of a field in Ellesmere Park,
Eccles, twelve specimens in all being taken during four visits. On
searching in the same locality on October 17th this species turned up
in great numbers over a wider area of ground, and was to be taken
subsequently on October 18th, 24th and 28th, along with Aphodius
contaminatus. This latter species also occurred freely in Prestwich
Park at the beginning of October.
Trypodendron domesticum—a species which I had previously taken
in small numbers in November, 1895, April and August, 1896, and
February, 1897, from a clump of dead trees on the bank of the River
Irwell at Agecroft—occurred in profusion on April 20th, the beetles
evidently preparing to take flight, for they had emerged from their
burrows and were congregated in groups of a dozen or more under
the loose bark. On previous occasions the species was difficult to
obtain in any numbers, owing to the provoking readiness with which
the beetle retreats down its burrow in the solid wood, the tip of its
abdomen just being visible when the bark is stripped off; the only
chance of capture being when the beetle happens to be in the length
of burrow situated in the bark.
Trafford Park—until its recent sale by Sir Humphrey de Trafford
a terra incognita to Coleopterists—has been thrown open to the public
1898.] 3l
on payment of a small charge for admission. Such an opportunity
was not to be lost, seeing that the estate is already beginning to be
developed, patent fuel works and corn mills being erected in what was
till recently a well wooded deer park. At the end of April Baptolinus
alternans occurred under bark of pine, whilst the dry crumbling rotten
wood of the dead portions of a living oak produced over a hundred
Mycetophagus piceus, a few Soronia grisea, and a few dead specimens
of Pocadius ferrugineus. The Mycetophagus occurred in the same
place in less numbers in May, July and September; in July Soronia
grisea was found rather more frequently in the interstices of the bark,
together with two specimens of Quedius cruentus. On July 6th, in
the birch plantations on what was formerly Trafford Moss, beating
produced the following species sparingly: — Rhamphus flavicornis,
Microcara livida, Luperus rufipes, Orchestes stigma, and O. rusci. Be-
neath dung of vole a single specimen of Philonthus puella was taken.
In May, Liodes humeralis and Elater balteatus occurred under the
bark of a dead birch, and in September Autalia impressa was taken in
an agaric.
In Ringiey Wood Telephorus paludosus occurred in the same re-
stricted area and at the same time of the year as in 1896. On visiting
the locality on May 20th no specimens were found; on June 11th it
was abundant, forty-five males and five females being taken ; on June
22nd only eleven specimens were found. A species which I had not
previously met with in the wood was Nebria Gyllenhali, of which two
specimens occurred on the banks of a stream.
Chat Moss is a locality which in the near future bids fair to
become merely a memory from an entomological point of view. Car-
rington Moss, on the Cheshire side of the Mersey, was purchased by
the Manchester Corporation in 1886 for the disposal of the city refuse
on it. The whole of the 1100 acres (600 acres of which, at the time
of purchase, were rough moss land) have been brought into a high
state of cultivation, and botanists may now search in vain for the
various species of Drosera,and Lepidopterists for Caenonympha Davus,
var. Rothliebii, for which years ago Carrington Moss was a well known
station. The more famous Chat Moss, which is a few miles to the
west of Manchester on the Lancashire side of the Mersey, is likely
soon to experience the same fate as Carrington Moss, for it was pur-
chased in 1895 by the Manchester Corporation for a similar purpose.
The extent of the Chat Moss Estate is 2600 acres, 400 acres of the
estate being outside the borders of the Moss, and having long been
8? (February,
in agricultural use. Of the remainder, 1900 acres are already under
cultivation, the original leaseholders of ninety years ago having drained
and cultivated and intersected the Moss with roads. Rather less than
300 acres remain as wild moss, and some of this area has been planted
for pheasant cover, while a portion of it is being destroyed year by
year owing to the peat being removed from the underlying clay by a
Peat Moss Litter Company. During May and June I was able to
spend six short afternoons on the Moss. On May 22nd, Anoplus
plantaris, Rhynchites nanus, Orchestes rusci, and O. stigma were beaten
from small birch trees, and at the roots of heather Coccinella hiero-
glyphica and Haltica ericeti occurred sparingly. On exploring a small
plantation of stunted Scotch firs in which I had never collected before
I alighted on a prize in the shape of Pissodes notatus, a species I had
not taken before, but which has been recorded as occurring on Chat
Moss. Vigorous beating of every fir in the plantation produced
twenty specimens, not more than three or four being beaten from a
single tree; the only other species in the net were one Hy/obius abietis,
a few Pityogenes bidentatus and severa) Scymnus testaceus, var. scu-
tellaris. From under bark of firs killed by former burning of the
heather, the following species were obtained :—Myelophilus piniperda,
Hylastes palliatus, Rhizophagus depressus, Rhinosimus planirostris, and
Homalium punctipenne. On each succeeding visit (the last being on
June 30th), Pissodes notatus was obtained, but never in greater
numbers than about twenty at a time, sometimes less. The specimens
varied greatly in size, the largest measuring 10 mm., the smallest,
taken by Mr. W. E. Sharp, who accompanied me on a visit, being only
5 mm. in length. Other species taken in June included Campylus
linearis, Corymbites quercis, var. ochropterus, and Sericosomus brunneus,
all on birch; the latter species not having been previously recorded
nearer than Delamere Forest. later balteatus was phenomenally
abundant; on May 24th scores were to be beaten from birch. On
June 26th the following additional species appeared on birch :—
Luperus rufipes, Microcara livida, and Khamphus flavicornis.
Five afternoons by the River Bollin produced the usual species :
on June dth nine specimens of Bembidium paludosum were taken, and
this species occurred in greater numbers on June 30th, July 10th and
24th, and August 4th. Bledius subterraneus and B. pallipes were
taken, both in their burrows and running on the banks. Heterocerus
marginatus, which occurred in small numbers on June 5th, was taken
in profusion on August 4th by treading in the wet sand and mud at
the water’s edge. Additional species included about thirty Anthobium
1898.] 30
minutum, swept from herbage on the banks ; Georyssus pygmeus, which
occurred on each visit, but most abundantly on June 5th; three
Bledius fracticornis on June 5th ; two specimens of Deronectes assimilis
on July 10th and 24th respectively; and one Hoplia philanthus on
July 10th, entangled amongst water weeds floating in mid-stream.
Ina small brook at Swinton on July 15th I took Agabus paludosus ;
this species was present in the same brook in 1896, from May 11th to
29th; during the first week in May, 1897, the species had not
appeared.
Clifton, near the Viaduct over the River Irwell, is historic ground
botanically, being a favourite locality with Richard Buxton, the Man-
chester artisan botanist, 60 and 70 years ago. Close to Clifton is
Mere Clough, a locality where Saperda scalaris was formerly taken in
abundance by the older generation of Manchester Coleopterists.
Clifton being only three miles from Pendleton, I was able to pay fre-
quent short visits, and from the Bolton Canal near the Viaduct I
obtained several interesting species. On June 11th Bagous alismatis
was in the utmost profusion on Alisma plantago, and Donacia linearis
occurred on the same plant. A visit on July 12th produced Donacia
sparganii in abundance on Sparganium, and D. linearis and D. bidens
rarely on Potamogeton. D. sparganii occurred constantly at the same
spot in decreasing numbers throughout July, and on August 18th four
species only were taken; D. bidens had increased somewhat, twelve
specimens being taken on August LS8th.
At Prestwich Rhagiwm inquisitor occurred under loose bark, and
in August Bolitochara obliqua was taken in agarics, and from lyco-
“perdons Oryptophagus lycoperdi was obtained, together with a single
specimen of Liodes orbicularis, a new record for this neighbourhood.
In November decaying agarics produced, amongst other species, Phi-
lonthus decorus aud Cercyon unipunctatus.
At Worsley on September 27th Dorytomus pectoralis was obtained
by beating sallows at a spot where this species occurred in the same
month in 1895 and 1896. In the same locality Baptolinus alternans
was common in a decaying stump, Cryptophagus lycoperdi occurred
freely in lycoperdons, and in agarics a fair number of Awtalia impressa,
together with Scaphisoma agaricinum, and various Homalote and Gyro-
phene, not yet determined.
128, Broad Street, Pendleton :
January 4th, 1898.
84 [February,
REVISION OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.,
AND
JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Mems. Soc. Ent. DE FRANCE.
BORKHAUSENIA, Hb.
= * HCOPHORA, auct. (nec Lir.).
The generic name Ccophora, Ltr., has for nearly half a century
been erroneously employed in the sense in which it is used in Stau-
dinger’s Catalog. Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., IIT, 417 (1802),
himself cited Tinea sulphurella, F., as the type of his genus @eophora,
which type was also adopted by Curtis, Br. Ent., IX, expl., Pl. 408
(1832),in redescribing the same genus under the same name. Meyrick,
HB. Br. Lep., 633 (1895), has therefore very properly used Ccophora
for sulphurella, F.,in accordance with Latreille’s original intention, and
§ Dasycerus, Hw. (= Dasycera, Steph., auct.), having been created for
this species and Oliviella, F., must sink as a synonym; moreover,
Stephens in changing the name to Dasycera pointed out that Dasycerus
was pre-occupied in Coleoptera (Brongn., 1799).
Other authors (e. g., Herrich-Schaffer and Snellen) have wrongly
adopted the generic name Lampros, Tr., in the sense of Gcophora,
auct., but this use is inadmissible, for Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lp, Fr.,
XI, 17—18, 257—8 (1888), cited majorella (Schiff.), Hb. (= Harpella
forficella, Se.), as the type of Lampros.
Meyrick, HB. Br. Lp., 683—-4 (1895), employed Acompsia, Hb., in
lieu of cophora, auct., but Walsingham, Pr. Z. Soc. Lond., 1897, 82,
has pointed out that Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lep., Fr., XI, 19 (1888),
cited cinerella, L. (= ardeliella, Hb., 487), as the type of Acompsia,
Hb., and that therefore Acompsia, Hb., = Brachycrossata, Hein.,
= Recurvaria (Aw.), Meyr., HB. Br. Lp., 606—7 (1895).
Since all previous writers have thus failed to find a name which
can properly be applied to the very natural and recognisable concep-
tion known as @cophora, auctorum (vide Stgr. Cat., p. 307), it becomes
necessary to search for a dormant one, that can be so applied and to
resuscitate it; Borkhausenia, Hb. Verz. bek. Schm., 420 (1826), can
be employed in the sense required. The original types were: 1. minu-
fella, L., Hb., 141 (= Gcophora, Stgr., 2281) ; 2. similella, Hb., 182
(= Ccophora, Stgr., 2273) ; 3. atrella (Schiff.), Hb.,278 (? =atrella,
Hw. (Hw.), 2. e., Lamprotes, Stgr., 2062).
Stephens, Ill. Br. Ent. Haust., 1V,354 (1834), 423 (1835), did not
affect this genus, for he referred both minutella, L., and atrella, Hb.,
to his genus Amaurosetia in both references, however, omitting to note
1898.] 30
that minutella was one of the types of Borkhausenia, although this
was indicated in the case of atrella. We are, therefore, at liberty
to select the type; atrella, Hb. (being a doubtful species, and if cor-
rectly identified by Haworth, not agreeing with the other two species,
which are isotypical), should be rejected, and minutella, L., a common
form, in structure thoroughly representative of a large section of those
prevalent species with which it has long been associated, should be
adopted as the type of Borkhausenia, under which title Batia, Steph.,
and Chrysia, Mill., will lie dormant.
(To be continued).
ON CERTAIN RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH MUSCIDH
(TACHINIDZ OF VERRALL’S LIST).
BY ERNEST E. AUSTEN.
The following remarks are published in no spirit of captious
criticism, but in the hope that they may prove of some slight assist-
ance to those who are engaged in the difficult task of unravelling the
identities of our British Zuchinine—a group which, in spite of the
labours of Brauer and von Bergenstamm, still presents so many
difficulties to the careful student.
PHOROCERA INCERTA, Meade.
Of this species—which was lately described in this Magazine (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
ser. 2, vol. viii, 1897, pp. 223, 224), from three specimens collected by Mr. C. Morley,
of Ipswich, and another example in the collection of the Museum of Science and
Art, Edinburgh—the British Museum has just received a couple of co-types, through
the courtesy of Mr. Morley. A careful examination of the specimens in question,
which agree very well with the description, enables me to say positively that they
have nothing to do either with Phorocera, or with the “ sub-gen.” Campylocheta, Rond.,
to which the author assigns them. Mr. Meade writes: “facial sete . . extending
upwards to near the end of the frontal bristles ;” this means that the projecting
ridge on each side of the sunken epistoma bears a fringe of sete, commencing at the
long vibrisse on the facial angles below and terminating at about the level of the
base of the third joint of the antenne ; in other words it is the condition termed
by Schiner: “ Untergesicht an den Seitenrindern . . mit . . Borsten
bewimpert ;” and by Brauer (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, Jahrg., 1893, p. 472): “ Mund-
borsten bis oben aufsteigend.” But on examining a specimen of “ Phorocera”’
incerta from in front, so that we look straight into the cavity of the epistoma, it is
seen that the sete to which Meade refers are not on the facial ridges at all, but on
the face itself, 7. e., the space on each side between the facial ridge and the eye.
The real facial or oral sete (Mundborsten) extend no higher than the facial angles,
and consist of four or five small and slender bristles immediately above the vibrissa
36 [February,
on each side. What Meade regards as facial sete are really part of the series of
JSrontal bristles, which are continued down the face itself to well below the middle,
and terminate nearly on a level with the lower margin of the eye. These descending
frontal setze run near to the facial ridges, it is true, but, nevertheless, well to the
outside, and the end of the series curves distinctly outwards towards the eye. The
true nature of Meade’s supposed “ facial” setee is evident at once when the insect is
viewed from in front, in the manner already described ; if the head is looked at in
profile and slightly from the rear, the descending frontal setee might well be sup-
posed to spring from the facial ridges. In “ Phorocera” incerta, Meade, therefore,
the facial ridges are not fringed with sete, and this in itself precludes the possibility
of the species belonging either to Phorocera or Campylocheta. In working out the
Muscide in the new collection of British Diptera in the British Museum, I have
followed Prof. Brauer’s latest arrangement of the “ Muscaria schizometopa” (Verh.
z.-b. Ges. Wien, Jahrg., 1893, pp. 447—525), under which Campylocheta retains its
generic rank (ef. loc. cit., p. 480). If further reasons are required as to why
“ Phorocera’”’ incerta, Meade, cannot belong to Campylocheta, they may be found
in the absence of the strongly developed $ hypopygium, curved forwards beneath
the tip of the abdomen, and of the elongated tarsal claws of the ¢ —both of which
characters are well exhibited in Campylocheta (Tachina) obscura, Fln. (? = Tachina
schistacea, Mg.; Campylocheta id., Rond.).
The true systematic position of Mr. Meade’s species is another
question, which I must frankly admit I am unable to answer. I do
not know where to place it myself, and, after many attempts, I have
utterly failed to run it down to any existing genus with the tables
either of Schiner or Brauer (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1893, pp. 463—
510). From this point of view it is a little unfortunate that the -
specimens which Mr. Morley has kindly presented to the Museum
are both males. Possibly the species should be placed somewhere
near Masicera; in any case a new genus will probably have to be
founded for its reception.
NEMOR#HA QUADRATICORNIS, Meade (Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2,
vol. v, 1894, p. 160).
The type of this species is in the collection of Mr. C. Morley, through whose
kindness I have recently been enabled to examine it. The species is identical with
one which, in November, 1896, I incorporated into the British Museum collection as
Micropalpus pudicus, Rond. (Dipt. Ital. Prod., iii, 1859, p. 69). Consequently, if,
as I believe, my identification of Rondani’s species is correct, the name quadrati-
cornis must fall. In the specimens determined by me as MZ. pudicus the palpi,
although extremely slender, are not abbreviated, and in addition to this there are
other striking differences from normal representatives of the genus Wicropalpus,
such as WZ. vulpinus, Fln., and M. comptus, Fln. (= fulgens, Schin.; Mg., p. p.).*
* The type of the genus Micropalpus is M. (Linnemya) Sophia, Rob. Desv. (Essai sur les
Myodaires, p. 53), a Sicilian species, but, as I have nu personal acquaintance with this, I do not
refer to it.
1898.] 37
The front in both sexes is much narrower ; the angle in the fourth longitudinal vein
occurs considerably nearer the apex of the wing, and the posterior transverse vein
makes a corresponding approach towards the hind margin. The result is that the
first posterior and discal cells are much wider, while the second posterior cell is con-
siderably shorter. The prolongation of the fourth vein beyond the angle is shorter
than in W. vulpinus, Fln., and YW. comptus, Fln., but is, nevertheless, well marked.
In spite of the differences alluded to, however, the species is distinctly a Micro-
palpus in general appearance, as is easily seen when the insect is regarded from
above, or the head is Jooked at in profile. Perhaps the best test is to collect a
number of specimens of I. vulpinus and M. comptus into one group, and a
corresponding number of examples of Erigone (Nemorea) radicum, F., strenua, Mg.,
and rudis, Fln.,into another; not a moment’s consideration will be necessary to decide
to which group a specimen of WU. pudicus should be assigned. The characteristic
downwardly directed angle in the fourth longitudinal vein in the wing of an Hrigone,
the absence of an appendix beyond the angle, the shape of the head in profile, the
smaller antenne and different shape of the third joints, and the much more slender
thoracic setee—to mention no other differences —at once distinguish a member of
this genus from a Wicropalpus. In his description of Nemorea quadraticornis,
Mr. Meade points out the presence of an appendix beyond the angle of the fourth
vein, but apparently considers it of no importance.
Since the palpi of Micropalpus pudicus are of full length—albeit, exceedingly
slender—either the existing definition of the genus must be modified to accommo-
date it, or the species must be relegated to a new genus, which would be placed
between Micropalpus and Erigone. On the whole, especially considering the large
number of genera of Muscide with which the system of Messrs. Brauer and von
Bergenstamm has already provided us, the former course seems the more advisable.
It is perhaps as well to state that in his original description of WU. pudicus
Rondani makes no mention of the palpi. The description was based upon a single
(male) specimen from Piedmont, and in all probability the proboscis was so far
retracted that the palpi were invisible. On examining the type of Mr. Meade’s
description (in which likewise there is no mention of the palpi), I found that the
proboscis is similarly retracted, so that it is possible to make out the palpi only with
great difficulty. Owing to the diagnostic importance of the palpi in the Wuscide,
collectors should take care in all cases to endeavour to make the proboscis protrude
from the buccal cavity at least sufficiently far to enable these organs to be readily
examined.
The synonymy of the various species of Micropalpus is much involved, and the
conclusions of Brauer and von Bergenstamm differ largely from those of Schiner.
The latter gives UZ. pudicus, Rond., as a synonym of VW. hemorrhoidalis, Fln., while
the two former authors restore pudicus to its specific rank, but regard hemorrhoi-
dalis, F\n., a3 a synonym of pictus (Mg.), Schin., and they recognise another species
as hemorrhoidalis, Mg. (nec Fln.), of which impudicus, Rond.,is given as a synonym.
The British Museum possesses a fair series of specimens of I.
pudicus, Rond., including six males from Felixstowe, Aug. 14th—20th,
1896 (A. Piffard), and two from Walton Wood, St. Osyth, Essex,
August 21st, 1896 (F. B. Jennings) ; the only female in the collection
38 | [February
is from Bearsted, Kent, June 15th, 1896 (E. E. Green). I believe
Mr. Harwood, of Colchester, found the species not uncommon in his
neighbourhood during the summer of 1896.
To judge from the present state of our collection, the rarest of
the British species of Micropalpus is M. comptus, Fln., of which we
possess only two modern specimens—a male from Bisley Common,
Surrey, July 18th, 1897, captured by myself, and a female from the
North Sutor, Cromarty, N. B., June 12th, 1894, taken by my colleague,
Mr. W. R. Ovilvie Grant.
Before dismissing the question of Micropalpus pudicus, it may be
added that in it, as in IL vulpinus, Fln., orbital sete are confined to
the female, while in the case of IW. comptus, Fln., they are present in
both sexes.
BRACHYCOMA ERRATICA, Mg.
This species, described by Meigen under Tachina, was introduced as British by
Mr. Meade (Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol. v, 1894, p. 110), on account of two specimens
(g and 2) bred by Mr. C. J. Watkins, of Painswick, Gloucestershire, from pup
found in borings of Pemphredon in a rotting cherry tree stump. Of the two speci-
mens in question, the g¢ was presented to Mr. Meade, while through the generosity
of Mr. Watkins the ? is now in the collection of the British Museum.
After describing the species, Meade writes (loc. cit.): “Meigen placed this
anomalous species, together with B. devia, in the genus Tachina, in which he was
followed by Schiner; by the spotted abdomen and other characters, however, it
more properly belongs to Brachycoma.’’ But this species cannot possibly be con-
generic with Brachycoma devia, Fln.; the entirely different shape of the head, as
seen in profile, the bare face (?. e., the absence of the row of fine setee running down
on each side from the end of the series of frontal bristles to the lower margin of the
eye), the fact that the clypeus is contracted below by the approximation of the
facial angles (a feature which Mr. Meade has omitted to notice), the shorter and less
attenuated arista, the fact that the third longitudinal vein is entirely bare (instead
of being clothed with sete from the base to the anterior transverse vein), and the
very different shape of the first posterior cell, all these are characters which,
severally of systematic importance, together constitute a body of evidence that
cannot be disregarded. It is true that Schiner (Fauna Austriaca, Diptera, 1, p. 477)
places erratica immediately after devia, under the same tabular number, but as he
expressly states that he is not acquainted with either species this goes for nothing.
Moreover, in a foot-note (loc. cit.), Schiner expresses his conviction that Rondani’s
interpretation of Fallen’s devia, which is the one followed by modern authors,
certainly refers to a distinct species.
It is to be feared that the true systematic position of the species from Pains-
wick must for the present remain in doubt. Owing to the contraction of the clypeus
below, and the elongated claws of the $, it works down under Brauer’s system to
the Section Paramacronychia (cf. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, Jahrg., 1893, p. 505), a
group which is largely composed of new genera; but the trail is here lost.
1898.] 39
Whether the species is Meigen’s Tachina erratica at all seems to
me, so far as it is possible to judge from the single ? at my disposal,
also doubtful. Meigen ‘describes the abdominal segments, after the
first, as “ash-grey, each with two blackish-brown, triangular, shim-
mering spots, which are in contact with the lateral margin.” He thus
says nothing about a “central dorsal stripe,’ as described by Meade,
while the triangular spots on the second and third segments of the
abdomen are a long way from the lateral margins. Meade and Meigen
both speak of four black stripes on the thorax, but it is perhaps as
well to mention that in the Painswick 9? the four thoracic stripes are
pre-sutural; behind the suture there are but three. Finally, it may
be observed that 7. erratica, Mg., is not included by Brauer and von
Bergenstamm in their list of 1520 species of Muscide examined by
them (Denkschr. Math.-Naturw., Cl. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Bd. lviu,
1891, pp. 421—443).
Xysta cana, Me.
This species, described by Meigen under Phasia, but placed under Xysta by
Schiner, who is followed by Brauer and von Bergenstamm, was introduced as British
by Mr. C. Morley (Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol. vii, 1896, p. 212), on the authority of
Mr. Meade, whose identification was based upon a couple of specimens swept by
Mr. Morley out of grass at Ipswich: one in May, 1894, and the other on May 23rd,
1896. Mr. Morley having recently been good enough to allow me to examine these
specimens, I found that they agree in all respects with a single specimen in the
Museum collection from Felden, Herts, May 14th, 1894 (A. Piffard), which I had
previously identified provisionally as |Phasia Rothi, Ztt. (Dipt. Scand., xiii, 1859,
pp- 6170, 6171). The three specimens agree fairly well with the description of cana,
except that in Meigen’s description there is no mention of macrochete on the
abdomen, whereas in these specimens the posterior margins of the second, third, and
fourth abdominal segments are sparsely fringed with such sete. According to the
definition given by Schiner, abdominal macrochete are absent in all genera (Xysta,
Syntomogaster, Phasia, Ananta, and Alophora) included by him under “ Phasine ;”
while with regard to the abdomen of Xysta he expressly states (Fauna Austriaca,
Diptera, i, p. 407) that: “symmetrically arranged large bristles are nowhere found,
even when the hairy coat is pretty thick.” It is, therefore, evident that if these
specimens really belong to cana, the species is as much out of place under Xysta as
it would be if allowed to remain under Phasia. Meigen, however,as already stated,
says nothing about macrochzte in his original description of Phasia cana, whereas
Zetterstedt (loc. cit., p. 6171) describes the abdomen of Phasia Rothi,as: “ margine
apicali segmentorum 3 & 4 parce setulosum”’ (the macrochete on the posterior
margin of the second segment are very inconspicuous, being much smaller than the
others). For this reason it seems better to designate the species, for the present at
any rate, by Zetterstedt’s name, instead of by Meigen’s, which, if eventually found
to apply, would have priority by thirty-five years. In the three specimens that I
have examined the fourth longitudinal vein is bent at_an obtuse angle, and the first
40 {February,
posterior cell is almost closed (Zetterstedt writes : “ 4: tus longitudin. angulo obtuso
curvatus ; area, modice aperta in apice ale terminatur”). Here we have an
additional reason for the foundation of a new genus for the reception of Phasia
Rothi, Ztt., which, owing to the presence of abdominal macrochete, would form a
connecting link between the rest of the “Section” Phasia (Phasing, of Schiner)
and the nearest allied setigerous genera.
British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. :
December 7th, 1897.
The Meeting of the International Congress of Zoology at Cambridge in 1898.—It
is pretty well known amongst Zoologists that the Fourth Meeting of this Congress
will commence at Cambridge on August 23rd. The First was at Paris in 1889, the
Second at Moscow in 1892, the Third at Leyden in 1895. The President for the
Meeting is the Rt. Hon. Sir John Lubbock (in place of Sir W. Flower, who resigned
on account of ill-health), and there is a very strong and representative Hxecutive
and General Committee. A powerful Reception Committee is already seeking to
secure accommodation for the visitors. Former Meetings have been most enjoyable,
and attended by visitors from all countries in which Zoology is cultivated. This
one on our own shores cannot fail to equal, if not to exceed, any of its predecessors.
It is anticipated that a large number of Foreign Entomologists will attend, and they
will no doubt receive a hearty weleome. Any further information can be obtained
by applying to Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A., 3, Hanover Square, London, W.—Eps.
The Ragonot Collection of Micro-Lepidoptera.—It will be of interest to Ento-
mologists generally to learn that this very important Collection has been given by
Madame Ragonot to the Museum of Natural History at Paris, and is now installed
there in the Entomological Gallery, where it can be consulted at all times.— Eps.
Homalota clancula, Er.,near Chesham.—During the early part of last August I took
seven specimens of a small and peculiar looking Homalota, which I thought would
probably prove to be clancula ; Mr. Champion has kindly examined them for me,
and returns them as that insect. These specimens were found in rotting leaves,
which lay many inches deep, almost choaking up several pools, in a wood in this
district. A small isolated deposit of the Reading Beds upon the chalk gives a clayey
character to the parts of the wood in which the capture was made, some other parts
being more or less sandy. When running, this species elevates the last three or four
segments of the hind body slightly, much after the manner of Habrocerus, and its
strong resemblance to a small Placusa is very striking.—H. G. Eniiman, Chesham,
Bucks: January 17th, 1898.
Andricus (Aphilotrix) corticis, L., and A. gemmatus, Adler.—I obtained galls
of A. corticis from the bark of an oak in January, 1897; the flies emerged in April.
I at once placed them on a young oak tree, when they began immediately to deposit
eggs in the buds. On May 30th I could plainly detect the young galls of gemmatus,
and on June 21st the flies began to appear and continued until the 27th, the males
preceding the females by three days. The galls are formed on the petioles and
1898.] 41
young twigs, and cannot be distinguished from those of A. trilineatus—G..C. Bic-
NELL, Stonehouse, Plymouth: December 25th, 1897.
[This is a confirmation of a similar experiment by Adler.—Ebs. ].
Aculeate Hymenoptera at Stoborough Heath, Dorset.—I spent many days in
August, 1895, and August, 1896, in hunting for Odynerus basalis, but without
success. I easily fixed the spot where I captured the ? on July 24th, 1868; the
surroundings have not altered in the least, even the tall clump of thistles grows
exactly as it did on that memorable occasion, but the strikingly handsome wasp was
not to be found ; no doubt in July one would have more chance of success.
Stoborough Heath is a most attractive collecting ground, stretching almost from
Wareham to Corfe, and though disappointed in the main object of my visit, the
capture of such species as Methoca ichneumonides (in one instance the g was seen
hovering low down and shadowing the ? as she ran along the sand—but was missed),
Myrmosa melanocephala, Salius affinis, Nomada alboguttata, Andrena argentata, &c.,
made some slight amends.
Bournemouth.—A week spent in August, 1896, to find Formica exsecta was
equally unsuccessful. My previous visit dated back to 1868, and the improvements
which have taken place since then are most depressing from an entomological point
of view; the wild stretch of Hast Cliff, where ersecta nests were abundant in
1868, is now a worn out parade, the wild bit of heathy ground at the back of the
old town, where exsecta was equally common, is now a Winter Garden, and the bank
which that most tropical’ form of all our Aculeates, Humenes coarctata, used to
frequent in numbers, is not to be fixed at all. Perhaps exsecéa still flourishes a little
further out, but I was glad to move on to Stoborough.—G. A. James RoTHNey, 8,
Versailles Road, Anerley: December 5th, 1897.
Aculeate Hymenoptera at Newquay, North Cornwall_——Mr. Hdward Saunders
(who with his usual kindness named my captures) thought that the following list of
species taken at Newquay last August might be of interest to Hymenopterists.
Newquay itself is not a very promising collecting ground: the golf links at Fistral
Bay proved the most favoured spot, but any one who could visit Perran Porth in
June or July;would, I feel convinced, obtain some very fine species ; at this village,
situated about eight miles from Newquay, there are miles and miles of most glorious
sandhills, with plenty of attractive vegetation, altogether forming an ideal collecting
ground, especially for the fossorials. Unfortunately, on the two days I spent there
the weather was windy and cold.
At} Bedruthan Steps, a few miles from Newquay, when climbing up the cliff
from the beach on August 8rd, the hottest day of last year, a wasp settled for a
second on the face of the rock close by me, and then sailed backwards and forwards
in a way there was no mistaking ; it was a black Rhynchium, and the size and purple
shimmer of the wings recalled the Indian species metallicum. Before I could get out
my net the prize had disappeared, and some hours of careful search were unsuccess-
ful. I trust the next Hymenopterist who visits this wild and beautiful spot will be
more fortunate, for I am as certain as any one can be, short of actual capture, that
it was a true Rhynchium.
D
42 (February,
The following is a list of my captures :—Formica fusca, L.; Lasius niger, L.
flavus, De G.; Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl.; Z. flavus was most in evidence, but all
ants were distinctly scarce, and the nests of even flavus few and far between ;
Evagethes bicolor, Smith ; Salius affinis, v. d. L., g and 9, common in Fistral Bay,
S. pusillus, Schiéd. ; Pompilus rufipes, L., pectinipes, v. d. L., plumbeus, Fab., niger,
Fab., unguicularis, Thoms., chalybeatus, Schiéd. ; Ceropales maculata, Fab., common ;
Tachytes pectinipes, L.; Ammophila sabulosa, Kirb., hirsuta, Scop.; Cerceris
arenaria, L., 5-fasciata, Rossi; Odynerus parietinus, L., trimarginatus, Zett. ;
Vespa sylvestris, Scop.; Sphecodes gibbus, L.; Prosopis hyalinata, Smith ; Halictus
rubicundus, Chr., quadrinotatus, Kirb., tumulorum, L., villosulus, Kirb., cylindricus,
Fab. ; Andrena pilipes, Fab.; Dasypoda hirtipes, Ltr. ; Megachile argentata, Fab.,
common, maritima, Kirb., common; Ce@liorys vectis, Curt., acuminata, Nyl.;
Psithyrus campestris, Panz., rupestris, Fab.—Ip.
Diptera taken in the New Forest.—In the December number of this Magazine
I recorded some rare Diptera taken in this district during 1897, and now give a
more general list of my captures, amongst which will again be found some good and
rare species. Platyura marginata (1), Limnobia bifasciata (1), L. annulus (2),
Tipula flavolineata (1 3), T. gigantea (2 8 & 3), Stratiomys potamida (5), Chry-
sonotus bipunctatus (4 9), Sargus flavipes (1), Beris clavipes (3), B. vallata, B.
ehalybeata, and Actina tibialis, Hematopota crassicornis (2), Atylotus fulvus (4),
Labanus bovinus (2 8), Leptogaster cylindrica (4), Dioctria atricapilla, D. rufipes,
and D. linearis (3) ; Thereva nobilitata (1), T. plebeia (1), Hmpis livida and Argyra
diaphana (2); Cephalops pilosus (3), and five other species of Pipunculide, the
names of which I have not yet ascertained for certain; Paragus tibialis, Chilosa
flavicornis, Pyrophena ocymi (2), Platychirus angustatus (1), Syrphus umbellatarum
(2), S. tricinctus, Myiolepta luteola, Baccha elongata, Brachyopa bicolor (2), Volu-
cella inflata (4), Sericomyia borealis, swarming about the flowering rhododendrons,
S. lapponi (3), Arctophila mussitans (2), Eristalis sepulchralis and Criorrhina
ruficauda (8). I was fortunate in getting the last named, as I really arrived (second
visit) only just in time, it having been on the wing more than a month. I took
them all on May 8th in one spot of limited extent, and after this only saw one more
on the 9th, which I failed to net. C. berberina (8) and C. floccosa (8), Xylota
lenta (3), X. nemorum (1), Eumerus ornatus (2) and Conops vesicularis. Ceromasia
stabulans (1), Eutachina rustica (1), Melanota volvulus (1), Degeeria convexifrons
and D. spec.? (1 each), Wyobia fenestrata (1), Servillia lurida, S. ursina (5), Plagia
ruralis (1), Bigonocheta spinipennis (1), Thryptocera pilipennis, Alophora hemiptera
Trixa grisea (2), Cynomyia mortuorum (1). I have not met with the last species
in the Forest before, and thought it was confined to coast districts. My specimen is
a good deal worn, and was probably transported from Lymington in one of the
many covered carts which pass my door, and flew into the garden on being disturbed.
Nyctia halterata (1), Miltogramona punctata, Metopia campestris (3), M. leucoce-
phala (2), Myiocera carinifrons, Hyetodesia leta (1), Spilogaster uliginosa (1),
Pegomyia latitarsis, P. flavipes (2), Homalomyia Roserii, and Cenosia elegantula
(2). Cordylura albipes (3), Limnia unguicornis, L. rufifrons (1), Elgiva dorsalis,
Sepedon sphegeus (1), Chyliza leptogaster (4), Loxocera albiseta (2), Lissa loxocerina,
Rivellia syngenesia (2), Trypeta onotrophes, Urophora cardui, Sphenella marginata
1898.] 43
(1), Carphotricha pupillata (1), Palloptera ustulata (8), Towoneura muliebris (4),
Heteroneura albimana, Stomphastica flava (1 and 3, 1896), Séegana coleoptera (1),
Phora flava (2), and P. maculuta (1).
For introducing me to Z. annulus, M. luteola, B. bicolor and A. hemiptera, I am
indebted to Col. Yerbury, and he also gave me a live specimen of Lipara lucens
(N. F.), and two Eumerus sabulonum from Christchurch Bay.—Frep. C. ADAmMs,
68, St. Ermin’s Mansions, S.W., and Lyndhurst, Hants: January, 1898.
Mites wanted !—Mr. A. D. Michael, of 9, Cadogan Mansions, Sloane Square,
S.W., who is preparing a Monograph of the British Tyroglyphide (so-called “ cheese-
mites”) for the Ray Society, would be obliged to any entomologists who will send
him specimens of dry insects attacked by mites, with the mites on them, or mites
picked off the insects. In every case the name of the insect should be given. If
the mites are sent without the insect, and are not sent alive, they should be in dilute
acetic acid, dilute alcohol, or dilute glycerine.—Eps.
Review.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT ENTOMOLOGIST FOR THE YEAR 1896. Cape
of Good Hope: by Cuas. P. Lounspury, B.Sc. 8vo, pp. 153, with one chromo-
lith. plate and many illustrations in the text. Cape Town: W. A. Richards and
Son. 1897.
As the Cape Government Entomologist is an importation from the United
States, it is quite in keeping that his Report should be drawn up on the American
plan: and it would scarcely be possible to find a better. The majority of the insects
treated on (chiefly Coccide) seem also to be importations, mostly from Europe.
Judging from his Report, Cape Colony has few indigenous injurious insects, except
migratory locusts. A feature in the work being done is the supervision exercised
over importations of living plants, or fruits, from abroad, and this, with field work
also, can scarcely be done single-handed.
Obituary.
George Henry Horn, U.D., President of the American Entomological Society,
was born April 7th, 1840, in Philadelphia, and died November 24th, 1897, at
Beesley’s Point, New Jersey. He graduated in medicine in 1861, and from 1862 to
1866 was surgeon in the U. S. army. Subsequently he established himself as a
physician in Philadelphia, and had an extensive practice. Before he graduated he
published on recent and fossil corals, but eventually turned his attention entirely to
North American Coleoptera, as a pupil of, and fellow-worker with, Leconte, until the
death of the latter in 1883, and afterwards on his own account. It has been said
that if the death of Leconte was a severe blow to North American Coleopterology,
that of Horn is probably greater. His first entomological paper was published in
1860, and was followed by others (jointly or separately) to the number of about
150, appearing almost entirely in America, but he worked out the Hucnemide for
the “ Biologia Centrali-Americana.” He visited Europe on several occasions, and
was not unknown at the meetings of the Entomological Society of London. His
collections, and a sum of money, have been left to the American Entomological
D2
4,4, (February,
Society, of which he had been long President. He was a systematist of the highest
order, judging beetles as he found them, and probably caring little for the speculative
side of the subject. For much of the information in the foregoing short notice we
are indebted to our excellent American contemporary “ Psyche.”
George Christopher Dennis, F.E.S., died almost suddenly at York on December
22nd, at the age of 49 years: he was born March 11th, 1848. The earlier part of the
previous day he had spent in setting exotic (or Huropean) butterflies ; then went out
in his usual health and spirits to distribute the Christmas dole in connection with
one of the York charities, and whilst thus engaged in the Vestry of the Church he
attended, was seized with a stroke, became unconscious almost immediately, and
died soon afterwards. When quite young he became connected with a well known
north of England firm, eventually becoming partner in the business, from whieh
about two years ago he retired, to devote his time to natural history, gardening,
fishing, and other outdoor pursuits. He was best known, and for many years, as &
Lepidopterist, and in the pursuit of his favourite study it was his delight to make
distant and lengthened excursions to localities in various parts of the country.
Quite recently be had taken up the study of the Neuroptera and Trichoptera with
the intention of forming a collection for the York Museum, in which institution
he took great interest, and to which we believe he has left his collection of insects.
At the time of his death he was (and had held the office for a number of years
previously) President of the York and District Naturalists Society ; he was also on
the Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society ; was a member of the Yorkshire
Naturalists Union, in which he formerly took active interest, holding office as Secre-
tary of the Entomological section, but the presidency of which, though repeatedly
offered to him, he always refused. He joined the Entomological Society of London
in 1892. Mr. Dennis has left a widow, but no family.—G. T. P.
Societies.
BIRMINGHAM HNToOMOLOGICAL SociETY: November 15th, 1897.—Mr. G. T.
Betuune-BakeER, President, in the Chair.
Apropos of Mr. G. H. Kenrick’s paper on Mimiery at the last meeting of the
Society, the following examples of cases of mimicry were shown :—By Mr. R. C.
Bradley, Volucella bombylans, with both its forms and the Bombi they resemble, B.
lapidarius and terrestris ; and V. inanis, with its host, Vespa erabro, which it also
closely resembles. Mr. C. J. Wainwright, a number of examples amongst Diptera,
arranged in groups, showing various species mimicking Apis mellifica; another
lot showing a general wasp-like type; another lot closely resembling Bombus mus-
corum, &c. Myr. A. H. Martineau, a number of similar insects; Chzlosia flavicornis,
with an Andrena, with which it flies in the spring, when few other large insects are
about, and which it very closely resembles; Arctophila mussitans and Criorrhina
oxyacanthe, both of which, the former especially, so closely resemble Bombus mus-
corum as to constantly deceive the collector; Merodon equestris, which not only
resembles Anthophora furcata in appearance, but flies in exactly the same manner,
and has a similar and very characteristic high pitched note ; he also showed the
species of Psithyrus, with their hosts, Bombus lapidarius and terrestris 9, a more
1898.] 45
interesting and decided case of mimicry, the parasites resembling their hosts very
closely, undoubtedly for protection, and probably to enable them to enter the nests
of their hosts unobserved, as their entrance is frequently disputed when detected.
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker showed a species of Arhopala, most of which genus are
quite typical Lycsenids, which mimicked undoubtedly Danis apollonius, a widely
different and somewhat aberrant Lycenid.—C. J. WAInwri@ut, Hon. Sec.
Tue SoutH Lonpon EntomotogicaL AND Natura History SociEty:
December 9th, 1897.—Mr. R. ApDKIN, F.E.N., President, in the Chair.
Col. Partridge exhibited specimens of Ephyra trilinearia: (1) Female parent,
typical ; (2) Specimen of brood from above, dwarfed, very red, and annulated ; (38)
Specimens of same brood which stood over in pupal stage. The last were not so
red, nor dwarfed, and the annulated spots could only just be traced. Mr. McArthur,
a box of varieties captured or bred this year, including Arctia Caja, yellow;
Abraxas grossulariata, radiated and coalescent; Bombyx rubi, with the transverse
lines lighter and wider than usual, and others. Mr. Mera, a box of Abraxas grossu-
lariata, bred at Forest Gate in 1897, separable into two distinct groups, a light and
a dark one. Mr. Montgomery, specimens of Smerinthus ocellatus and Cossus ligni-
perda, which had been extremely affected by grease, and which were admirably
cleansed, even to the fringes of the abdomen, by the use of benzine collas and a
blowpipe. Mr. Clark, a photo-micrograph of a mite, which, with others, he had
found on a humble bee. Mr. Adkin, series of Epione parallelaria (vespertaria) from
Sutherland, and specimens of Abraxas grossulariata, where the usually yellow mark-
ings were of a dull ochreous. They were bred by the Rev. Joseph Greene, of Clifton.
Mr. Step, specimens of eight species of swimming crab, chiefly of the genus Portunus,
and made remarks on their habits, relationships, and occurrence ; he also exhibited
specimens of the hermit crab, which he had found in holes in rocks. Rev. Joseph
Greene sent drawings of some seventy varieties of d4braras grossulariata bred
during the last six years near Bristol, and communicated notes on the same. Mr.
Turner, eight species of the genus Libythea, and read notes on their relationships,
characteristics, and distribution. It was announced that Part I of the Proceedings
was published, and ready for distribution.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.
EntomotoaicaL Society or Lonpon—Sixty-Firrh ANnnuAaL MEETING:
January 19th, 1898.—Mr. R. Trimen, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
It was announced that the following had been elected as Officers and Council
for the Session 1898-99 :—President, Mr. R. Trimen, F.R.S.; Treasurer, Mr. R.
McLachlan, F.R.S.; Secretaries, Messrs. W. F. H. Blandford, M.A., F.Z.S., and F.
Merrifield ; Librarian, Mr. G. C. Champion, F.Z.S.; and as other Members of the
Council, Sir G. F. Hampson, Bart., B.A., Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., and Messrs.
W. Bateson, M.A., F.R.S., M. Jacoby, A. H. Jones, P. B. Mason, F.L.S., O. Salvin,
M.A., F.R.S., J. W. Tutt, G. H. Verrall, and C. O. Waterhouse.
The President appointed Sir G. F. Hampson and Messrs. McLachlan and
Verrall Vice-Presidents for the Session.
An address by the President was read. Lord Walsingham proposed and Mr.
Godman seconded a vote of thanks to the President, who replied. Prof. Poulton
proposed and Col. Yerbury seconded a vote of thanks to the other Officers. Messrs.
McLachlan and Blandford replied, and the meeting terminated.—W. F. H. Buanp-
FORD, Hon. Secretary.
46 [ February,
SOME NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOPTERA BELONGING TO THE
EUROPEAN FAUNA, WITH NOTES ON OTHERS.
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S8., &c.
The following descriptions, &c., and the figures that accompany
them, were mostly written and drawn some years ago, and formed
part of materials accumulated for a “Second Additional Supplement”
to my “Revision and Synopsis; but having been compelled to
relinquish camera lucida drawing, the proposed second supplement
had to be abandoned. It is, however, advisable, for several reasons,
that the descriptions of the new species should appear, not the least of
which is that the types were returned to their owners with MS. names
attached: moreover, I recently saw one of the species here described
figuring in a trade catalogue under the name originally bestowed, but
not, until now, published.
Reference is several times made to Albarda’s collection. It is
well known that my esteemed correspondent, Mr. H. Albarda, was
compelled, owing to failing eyesight, to give up the study of entomo-
logy, and that he generously presented his collections to the Leyden
Museum, where they now are.
LIMNOPHILUS PONTICUS (n. sp.).
Head and thorax above dull ochreous; hairs yellow; orbits of ocelli blackish ;
posterior warts very large, oval, transverse; a fine median impressed longitudinal
line, which is sometimes blackish. Antenne brownish-testaceous, with paler annu-
lations. Palpi and legs yellowish, the latter with black spines; coxe, femora, and
sides of thorax occasionally fuscescent. Abdomen fuscescent (greenish in life P) ;
the margins of the segments (especially beneath), the lateral lines, and the terminal
segment, paler. Anterior-wings long and rather narrow, gradually dilated to the
apex, which is not very sharply truncate ; pale greyish, clothed (but not densely)
with pale golden pubescence mixed (microscopically) with blackish, without markings
of any kind, but there are sometimes indications (hardly visible) of paler irrorations ;
thyridium and arculus whitish transparent; neuration fine, pale testaceous, with
sparse, short, blackish hairs, which become stronger and testaceous on the postcosta
and its basal branches; no “beard” on the 1st apical sector in the g ; discoidal
cell longer than its footstalk, all the apical cellules broad at the base. Posterior-
wings hyaline, iridescent, pterostigmatic region slightly tinged with yellowish ;
neuration pale tescaceous ; discoidal cell shorter and broader than in the anterior,
much shorter than its footstalk ; upper branch of cubitus furcating on a level with
the commencement of the discoidal cell, or slightly after.
In the ¢ the last dorsal segment is rather thickly covered with small tubercles,
whence arise long pale hairs ; its margin is deeply excised if viewed in front, and on
either side is a large swollen projection densely covered with short black sete,
leaving the excision between them pale. Superior appendages concealed in the cavity
of the apex, broadly ear-shaped. Intermediate appendages likewise concealed, broad
1898.| 47
at the base, triangular, the produced apices black. Side-pieces of the 9th ventral
segment moderate. Inferior appendages large, directed upward, the base broad,
yellow, and furnished with very long black hairs, the outer apical edge produced
upwardly into a somewhat long, black, nearly uncinate spine. Penis sheaths
(unexserted) short and broad, and between them in the slender penis which about
equals them in length, all being testaceous. No ventral teeth.
In the 2 the 9th dorsal segment is rather broad, its outer margin triangularly
produced at the apex, on either side of which are placed the broad, rounded, hairy
appendages. Tubular piece projecting slightly beyond the appendages, broad, con-
cave above, its outer edge slightly truncate and finely black. Side-pieces of 9th
ventral segment excised. Vulvar-scale with broad side lobes, which are rounded
externally, straight internally, and arcuate at the apex; the middle lobe scarcely
longer, elongately triangular. No ventral teeth.
Length of body, ¢,8:—to 9 mm., 2?,7—9 mm. Expanse, ¢, 23—24 mm.,
? , 20—23 mm.
Asia Minor (Amasia, Staudinger, 2 9 in my collection) ; Meso-
potamia (Malatia, 3 ¢,1 9, in Albarda’s collection; 1 ¢ generously
presented to me).
The examples from Amasia are those alluded to in “ Revision and
Synopsis,’ Supplement, Pt. 11, p. xx (at bottom of page). Having
now seen the 3, it appears to me that the affinities of the species are
with Z. extricatus (especially the anal structure of the ¢), notwith-
standing that the pale colours show more resemblance to L. luridus.
I think it should follow or precede extricatus, especially as the strong
resemblance of hirsutus to extricatus is more a case of analogy
than of affinity.
Fig. 1, ouee of aaa oe rom side; 2, same beneath; 3, same of 9 from above; 4, same
LIMNOPHILUS CENTRALIS, Curt., var. 1raLicus, McLach., First Add.
Suppl., p. 6.—I have seen a further 9? of this form, from Vallombrosa,
Central Italy (A. Costa). It is of large size (expanse, 265 mm.),
much larger than any example I possess of the type-form, and the
anterior-wings are strongly marked with fuscous, including a well-
defined pterostigmatic spot, which is unusual in the type-form.
Upon comparing this ? with that previously noticed, and also
with the same sex of the type-form, I find differences in the anal parts
equivalent to those that exist in the ¢, so that it is probable this
Central Italian form represents a good species (italicus) rather than
a variety, but it is desirable to see more materials, especially from
Southern Italy.
In the 9 the tubular piece, viewed from above, is nearly obsolete, leaying a
nearly circular concave disc, the side plates of which are swollen and hairy, and
48 [February, 1898.
Simnoph. fonticus.
->S =a
| Serie. flavicorne, Serie meso ofamicum. Aer. Selysi-
MAR 19 1882
March, 1898. ] 49
having their angles (viewed laterally) only very slightly produced into a small tooth,
‘the structure being analogous to that existing in the type-form, but the open disc is
much larger, and the production of its side-pieces very much less.
Fig. 1, apex of abdomen of @ from above; 2, same from side.
SERICOSTOMA FLAVICORNE, Rev. and Synops., p. 230, Suppl., p.
xlviii, and First Add. Suppl., p. 20.—I am of opinion that examples
in Albarda’s collection (whereof he presented me with one ¢) from
Beirut, Syria, certainly pertain here. The penis-sheaths (see figure)
show an approach towards a condition sometimes present in S. perso-
natum, and it is probable that the species should more immediately
follow it. The antenne are slightly annulate. I have a note that in
the 2 the anterior wings are wholly cinereous with blackish fringes,
in which is a whitish spot at the termination of the 7th apical sector.
There now seems no reason to doubt its distinctness from 8. Schnerdert.
Srricosroma Sezystt, Rev. and Synop., p. 231; First Add. Suppl.
p. 20.—I have seen in Albarda’s collection 4 ¢ and 1 9 of this from
San Ildefonso, Spain (E. Pictet’s locality). The species (or “ form ”’)
is near S. Schneideri, and differs chiefly therefrom in the antenne,
which are darker and much more distinctly annulate. I give a figure
of a penis-sheath.
SERICOSTOMA MESOPOTAMICUM (n sp.).
Of the group of turbatum. Antenne blackish-fuscous, not very distinctly annu-
late with greyish-yellow. Hairs of head and prothorax almost wholly black (there
are indications of a slight admixture of reddish-golden). Maxillary palpi of g very
prominent (the internal “fluff” nearly white). Labial palpi blackish, but the
terminal joint dingy yellowish. Legs bright yellow, the femora tinged with fusces-
cent. Wings (2) clothed with black pubescence.
In the ¢ the anal parts are yellow (the inferior appendages clothed with black
hairs). Penis sheaths (see figure) remarkable for the disproportion in the length of
the branches, the lower being only one-third the length of the upper; both branches
are stout, the upper slightly upturned at the apex.
Expanse, 6, 22—25 mm.
Mesopotamia (Malatia, 4 ¢, Albarda’s and my collection).
A very distinct form, in consequence of the great disproportion
of the two branches of the penis-sheaths. A very black species, allied
to Selysiz and Schneider: by the annulate antenne.
SERICOSTOMA SUBHQUALE (“. sp.).
It seems to me that the examples from North Italy and South
Tyrol alluded to at p. 21 of the First Add. Suppl. under §. pedemon-
tanum, and of which three figures (20 to 22) were given on PI. ii in
D
50 (March,
connection with that species, should be considered to have claim to
specific rank and a name. The designation above given has reference
to the sub-equal condition of the branches of the penis-sheaths, which
is the most salient character.
SCHIZOPELEX FESTIVA, Rev. and Synop., p. 235, and S. eransa,
p. 236, and First Add. Suppl., p. 23.—I am now quite confirmed in an
opinion I have long held to the effect that granje is only a colour-
condition of festiva, in which the anterior-wings are wholly yellow.
In Albarda’s collection there exist from San Ildefonso (B. Pictet’s
locality) several examples of typical festiva and two of the yellow
form. There is apparently no structural difference whatever in these
two forms. It is singular that nearly all the numerous examples from
Portugal examined by me (ef. First Add. Suppl., p. 23) pertain to the
unicolorous yellow condition, and that, as I now see, not one of them
is a typical festiva, although some few are intermediate. S. granje
must sink as a species, though it may be retained as a varietal name
for the unicolourous yellow condition.
Siro GraEsi, Rev. and Synop., p. 249, and Suppl., p. lu.—A
6 from San Ildefonso, Spain, in Albarda’s collection, quite agrees
with those previously seen, but there is a small triangular apical
ventral lobe, which in all probability is retracted in the other examples.
THREMMA GALLICUM, Rev. and Synop., Suppl., p. lvii1.—From
San Ildefonso, Spain (Albarda’s collection), I have seen two ¢ that I
incline to refer here, but the penis is not strongly exserted as is the
case in the Pyreneean types. There is no ventral tooth, the presence
of which is insisted upon by Brauer in the type of Lh. anomalum
(Z. c.), so they cannot pertain to that species.
CYRNUS INSOLUTUS.
Philopotamus urbanus, Ramb., Névrop., p. 503, nec Pict. C. inso-
lutus, McLach., Rev. and Synopsis, 406, pl]. xiii, fig. 1, neuration
(1878). ©. fenestratus, Ris, Mitth. schw. ent. Gesell., ix, p. 53
(1893).
Fuscous. Head and pronotum clothed with golden-grey hairs, which become
almost whitish between the antenne, and fuscous on the sides of the pronotum.
Antenne strong, distinctly crenate within after the basal third, the joints strong,
separated (almost moniliform) ; fuscous, but nearly the basal half of each joint is
whitish-yellow, so that they are sharply annulate. Palpi fuscescent, clothed with
grey hairs. Legs dingy testaceous; tibie and tarsi fuscescent externally (the latter
slightly annulate), and clothed with grey hairs. Anterior-wings elongate, with pale
grey membrane, very strongly and uniformly clothed with golden-grey pubescence,
1898.] 51
strongly intermingled with fuscous (but not irrorated with spots) ; the usual whitish
spots on the transverse nervules are large and distinct, and there are other large pale
spots in the membrane, especially towards the middle of the inner margin and at
the base of the apical cellules; fringes dark greyish-fuscous ; neuration as detailed
at p. 406. Posterior-wings dark smoky-grey, with concolorous fringes and fuscescent
neuration.
In the g the anal parts resemble those of C. flavidus rather than those of C.
trimaculatus. The dorsal plate is subquadrate, with its apical margin deeply excised,
leaving the outer angles rounded, and there are (apparently) none of the intermediate
appendages and sheaths so prominent in C. trimaculatus. Also the superior
appendages are quite as large as the inferior, therefore much as in C. flavidus.
In the 2 the anal parts appear to be much as in C. trimaculatus.
Expanse, $,12mm.; 9, 12—15 mm. (Rambur’s type, ? , expands only 12 mm.).
France (Paris, Rambur, 1 2? type in De Sely’s collection; 1 ¢,
19, P. Mabille, the G is from Meudon, near Paris, 22nd June).
Switzerland (Katzensee, fis, 31st July).
Having been able to compare Rambur’s type ? with the ¢ col-
lected by Mabille, I feel sure they are specifically identical, and that
a larger 2 taken by Mabille also belongs here. I also feel sure that
insolutus is a good species. At first sight it might be passed over as
a variety of trimaculatus, in which the irrorations of the wings were
absent, but the numerous transparent spots in the membrane (which
show through the pubescence if the wings be held against the light),
the neuration, and the anal parts (especially) differ ; in the anal parts
there is some amount of resemblance to flavidus, but all other charac-
ters differ ; finally, in the presence of the numerous pale spots in the
membrane there is resemblance to erenaticornis, but in no other point,
for crenaticornis is a very delicate pale species, with the antenne
strongly crenate for nearly their whole length.
It will have been seen (Rev. and Synopsis, p. 407) that I was
formerly not inclined to place much stress upon Rambur’s words,
“paraissant avoir de petites marques plus pales vars le milieu et sur
l’extremité” of the wings, but viewed in the light of further materials
these words had greater significance. Dr. Ris’s description is very
full, and is accompanied by figures of the wings and appendages of
the 3; he generously presented me with a series of types, which are
darker than the Parisian examples.
RHYACOPHILA APPENNINA (”. sp.).
Of Division A, and may provisionally be placed in the Group of
Hageni.
In general form similar to the Group of intermedia, and also to that of torren-
B 2
52 [March,
tium, &c. Head, prothorax, and antenne pale, the latter only slightly darker at the
sutures of the joints. The vague markings of the anterior-wings approach those of
rupta and others; the pale dorsal blotch tolerably distinct. Anal parts pale yellow.
In the ¢ the dorsal process is elongate-oblong in form, slightly narrowed
towards the base, the apex broadly truncate, nearly straight. The lateral lobes
small, hairy. Immediately beneath the dorsal process is a deeply furcate process.
Inferior appendages very large, the basal joint broad (viewed laterally) ; second
joint almost two-branched, the upper short and broad, obtuse at the apex, the lower
broad, but much produced, and also obtuse, the upper edge of this joint forming a
deep excision between the two branches. Lower penis-cover deeply concave. Penis
small (uncertain without dissecting the example), not produced. Sheaths in the
form of two short straight spines, each of which has nearly straight bristles at
its apex. Tooth of the 7th ventral segment nearly obsolete.
? unknown.
Length of body, 10 mm. Expanse, 32 mm.
Central Italy (Vallombrosa, Costa, 1 g in the Naples Museum).
Once again it may be said that the species of Rhyacophila are
endless! And in the present instance we have to deal with a species
that has apparently no very close allies, and of large size. In the
form of the dorsal process there is some analogy with rectispina. The
second joint of the inferior appendages has some resemblance to that
of evoluta, also to that of Hageni and obliterata. The short penis-
sheaths with bristles at the tips are suggestive of the Group of Hageni,
but the other inner anal parts do not accord therewith (so far as can
be made out without dissection). The discovery of the ? might serve
to define the position.
Fig. 1, apex of abdomen of ¢ from side; 2, the same above; 3, apex of furcate process beneath
the dorsal process, ahove.
Lewisham, London:
September, 1897.
SOME REMARKS ON THE BAGOUS LUTOSUS, Gy11.,
AND B. GLABRIROSFRIS, Hersst (LUTULENTUS, Gytt.), OF
BRITISH COLLECTIONS.
BY @G@. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
There is a good deal of confusion regarding these two species,
the only representatives of the genus on our list with dilated and
bilobed 8rd tarsal joint (apart from B. alismatis, Marsh.), in British
collections. All the specimens I have seen as yet (including those of
Stephens and Power) doing duty for B. lutosus are either B. glabriros-
tris, of which a large well-marked form occurs in the south of England,
or B. binodulus, Herbst. It is, therefore, highly probable that all the
1898.] 53
British records of B. Jufosus are incorrect. The characters used by
Thomson and Bedel to distinguish these species are somewhat con-
tradictory ; Bedel, moreover, placing particular stress upon the coarser
sculpture of B. glabrirostris, a peculiarity not mentioned by Thomson.
Both authors, however, mention the beak-like posterior prolongation
of the elytra in B. Jutosus,and by this character alone the two species
may be readily distinguished: B. glabrirostris having the elytra abruptly
declivous and much more obtuse behind, their general shape thus
being more quadrate. Thomson separated from B. lutosus a smaller
form under the name B caudatus, Th., and from B. lutulentus a form
with black tarsi, B. nigritarsis, Th.; but his species have not been
accepted by subsequent writers. He groups them by the following
characters :—
Elytra with the interstices flat, equal, the suture elevated posteriorly ; the apex
acute, inflexed, and rostrute. Legs rufous......... lutosus, Gyll., caudatus, Th.
Elytra with the alternate interstices raised, the suture not elevated posteriorly ; the
apex inflexed and scarcely rostrate ; the 3rd interstice with a white spot a little
beyond the middle, the 5th callous posteriorly...
lutulentus, Gyll., nigritarsis, Th.
Bedel (Faune Col. Bassin de la Seine, vi, p. 106) separates the
two species thus : —
Hind body attenuated in a rather long beak. Sculpture finer; granules of the
elytra more numerous, usually 4X4 upon the base of the Ist interstice ;
3rd interstice not raised, with a yellowish badly-defined spot...
lutosus, Gyll.
Hind body somewhat abruptly declivous behind. Sculpture coarser; granules
of the elytra less numerous, usually 3X3 upon the base of the 1st inter-
stice ; 3rd interstice with a whitish, well-defined spot. Tarsi sometimes
black (var. nigritarsis, Th.), sometimes red...
glabriostris, Herbst (lutulentus, Gyll.).
The large form of B. glabrirostris—of which I have seen about a
dozen examples, including one from Merton in the Power collection
(captured in July, 1864, with a number of the smaller form), several
in Mr. W. H. Bennett’s collection, all from Pevensey or Rye, and one
captured by myself at Sandown, in June, 1888—seems to be quite
constant, and to differ from typical specimens in the relatively longer
tarsi ; it has the tarsi constantly reddish. The specimen representing
B. lutosus in Mr. S. Stevens’s collection is larger and more robust
than any of these; but if the shape of the apex of the elytra is to be
relied upon as a specific character, the insect must be referred to B.
glabrirostris.
The small form of B. glabrirostris is sometimes common where it
54, ‘March,
occurs, and I have seen long series of it from Merton (Power),
Camber and Pevensey (W. H. Bennett), &c., as well as from Armagh
(Johnson).
Of B. nigritarsis, Thoms. (= binotatus and tibialis, Steph.), I
possess numerous examples captured by myself at Sandown in June,
1888, and others from Barnes; it has been found by Mr. Johnson at
Armagh, by Mr. S. Stevens at Hammersmith, and by Mr. Bennett at
Pevensey, and specimens of it are to be found in most collections,
including that of Stephens. This insect is usually regarded as a
variety of B. glabrirostris, but is perhaps distinct, the tarsi and an-
tennz being piceous or black, and the sculpture coarser.
It may be noted that B. glabrirostris is known to.be a very
variable species on the continent, and has numerous synonyms.
I am indebted to Prof. C. G. Thomson, of Lund, for typical
examples of B. lutosus, B. lutulentus, and B. nigritarsis for examina-
tion. Of the first mentioned there is also a specimen from Gyllenhal
in the British Museum, and Mr. J. J. Walker has sent me two of it
from Besika Bay.
Horsell, Woking :
February 1st, 1898.
ON THE OCCURRENCE IN SPAIN OF
LYCHNA (TARUCUS) THEOPHRASTUS, Faz... A BUTTERFLY NEW
TO THE FAUNA OF EUROPE.
BY PERCY H. GRIMSHAW, F.E.S8,
Natural History Department, Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.
Among a collection of insects from Spain, recently acquired by
the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, are five butterflies of
exceptional interest, inasmuch as they represent a species which does
not appear to have been hitherto recorded as occurring in Europe.
The species in question is Lycena (Tarucus) Theophrastus, Fab., and
considering that all the insects in this collection were captured by my
friend Mr. John Gray himself, from whom we received them direct,
there can be no possible doubt of their Spanish origin. The five
specimens of this beautiful little butterfly are all males, and were
obtained in the summer of 1897 in the neighbourhood of Aguilas, a
town on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 miles west of Cartagena.
The only European species with which the present one could
possibly be confounded is Z. baleaniea, Frr , which is a native of 8. E.
Europe (Sicily and Dalmatia to the Caucasus), Asia Minor and Persia.
From this it differs in the following respects:—size rather larger,
—
1898.] 55.
measuring in expanse of wings about 22 mm.; upper surface of male
of a somewhat brighter blue, with only a single discal spot on the
fore-wings and a much narrower black hind margin in both wings ;
under surface with the black markings much more distinct, especially
those of the fore-wings; hind-wings with a row of distinct and well
defined black spots running parallel to the hind margin, as in balcanica,
but the spots are somewhat larger ; the black line immediately interior
to these, which in balcanica is pretty continuous, is in the present
species more or less broken up into lunate or subquadrate spots ; the
spots about the middle of the wing much more irregular and not
forming such regular lines as in baleanica.
Lycena Theophrastus is fairly widely distributed in North Africa,
as will be seen below. Mr. J. J. Walker, RN., in an interesting
paper, entitled, “ Notes on Lepidoptera from the Straits of Gibraltar,”
published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
for 1890, says (p. 365), “Among the butterflies . . . Lycena
Theophrastus, F. (etc., etc.) . . . appear to be confined to the.
Maroccan portion of the region,” and again, on p. 373, he says that he
can find no previous record from Maroceo. In regard to the latter
statement I may point out that the species was originally described
(female sex only) by Fabricius from that country.
In conclusion, it may be interesting to give a brief summary of
the extra-European localities recorded for this butterfly,and considering
the wide distribution of the species here shown, the present extension
of its range does not seem so very striking after all.
The following are the records referred to :—
Marocco: Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iii, p. 281, n. 82 (1793).
AtgeriA: Lucas, Exploration Scientifique de l Algérie, t. iii, Lépidoptéres, Paris
(1848) ; Lang, Butterflies of Europe, p. 140 (1884) ; Constantine, Sebdou,
Biskra, Collo, Nemours, Oran, &c., Rihl, Die Palearktischen Grosschmetter-
linge, pp. 227 and 749 (1895).
Tunis: Rihl, op. cit., p. 749.
BarBary and Eayrr: Godart, Encycl. Méthodique, ix, p. 658, n. 139 (1828 ?).
SoMALI-LAND: Butler, P. Z. S., 1885, p. 764; Sharpe, P. Z. S., 1896, pp. 524 & 533.
Arabia: Lahej, Aden, Butler, P. Z. S., 1884, p. 484.
Inp1a: India, Kanara and N. India, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C.,
vol. i, p. 25 (1857) ; Bengal, Moore, P. Z. S., 1865, p. 772; Mhow, Butler, P.
Z. 8., 1883, p. 148, and Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1886, p. 428; North Sind, Sukkur,
Shikarpore, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1884, p. 506; Poona and Bombay, Swinhoe, P.
Z. S., 1885, p. 134; Haldwani, at foot of Kumaon Hills, Doherty, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng., vol. lv, pt. 2, pp. 112 and 132 (1886).
Czyton: Moore, Lep. Ceylon, vol. i, p. 81, pl. xxxvi, fig. 3 (1881).
Edinburgh : February, 1898.
56 TMarch,
COLEOPTERA IN FLOOD RUBBISH IN THE ISLE OF SHEPPEY.
BY J. J. WALKER, R.N., F.L.S.
Monday, November 29th, 1897, will long be memorable here as
the date of one of the greatest disasters which has befallen Sheerness
and the Isle of Sheppey during the last century at least; though
there is a tradition of a similar catastrophe, of equal magnitude,
having taken place about ninety years ago. On that day a severe
northerly gale caused the afternoon tide to rise seven or eight feet
above its normal level, accompanied by a heavy sea even in the sheltered
waters of the estuary of the Medway. Our clay-built sea walls,
which were much cracked and fissured by the prolonged dry weather,
fairly melted away before the rising waters in many places, and
through the breaches thus formed vast volumes of sea water poured
over our meadows and pasture lands. Some thousands of acres, com-
prising practically the whole of the low-lying part of the Isle of
Sheppey, were thus inundated in a few hours, and four-fifths of the
town of Sheerness was laid under water from one to three feet deep.
My own house was invaded by the flood, and I was barely in time to
remove my collections and other valuables from the ground floor to a
place of safety.
As one result of the deluge, almost every beetle on the Sheppey
marshes must have been served with an unceremonious “ notice to
quit’ its winter quarters; and the profusion of insect life in the
“flood rubbish ” which the waters have left behind in quite embarassing
quantity, is such as I have rarely, if ever, seen before. Two or three
small bags of siftings, which were brought home for leisurely exami-
nation, teemed to such an extent with creeping things, that I was
perforce obliged to conduct the inspection of the stuff out of doors.
Even now, after a lapse of six weeks, the rubbish still repays exami-
nation, though most of the better species have gone out of it. As
may be imagined, the majority of the Coleoptera were of the commonest
description, and very few were new to the Sheppey list; but a good
many interesting species (and even such bulky forms as Carabus,
Dytiscus, Hydrophilus, Geotrupes, &c.) were found among the mass.
Some species which I had fully expected to meet with, such as Aniso-
dactylus peciloides, Stenolophus elegans, &c., failed to put in an
appearance, and the genus Bagéus (several members of which are so
plentiful in our ditches) was represented by a solitary example of B.
argillaceus. Perhaps the most interesting find was Amara strenua,
which was unfortunately very rare. There is a fine-series of this
1898.] 57
extremely loca] insect from the Isle of Sheppey in the Power Col-
lection, taken in 1857—8 (¢f. Entom. Annual, 1858, p. 53); I have
reason to believe that these were obtained in a spot which has long
ago been built upon, and no further examples appear to have been
found here until the present record. A good many species were
most readily obtained, in bare sandy or clayey spots free from grass,
by rolling back the stuff and closely examining the ground beneath ;
in this way I found Acheniwm humile, hitherto scarce in Sheppey, in
very large numbers, and Polystichus vittatus on Christmas Day, when
the rubbish was thickly covered with hoar frost.
Among the large number of species taken the following are perhaps
worthy of record :—
Dyschirius salinus and eneus, Licinus silphoides, and Stenolophus consputus,
all scarce. Harpalus rubripes (not previously noticed by me in Sheppey), attenuatus
and depressus, the two latter not uncommon. Plerostichus picimanus, common, and
inequalis, in great profusion, a reddish variety of the latter species, quite hard and
mature, occurring frequently. ‘Thirteen species of the genus Amara were met with,
of which the best were convexiuscula, ovata, communis, lunicollis, all more or less
common; lucida, very plentiful; strenua, three or four examples only, and a few
plebeia. Bembidium riparium, assimile, minimum, normannum, and ephippium, all
fairly common. Trechus secalis, new to Sheppey, very sparingly. Dromius nigri-
ventris, abundant. Polystichus vittatus, a few specimens in a large accumulation of
rubbish barely half a mile out of the town. Cnemidotus impressus, rather common ;
Agabus conspersus, a few, and Rhantus notatus, fairly plentiful. Dytiscus cireum-
flexus and Hydrophilus piceus, one or two of each. Hydrobius oblongus, Philhydrus
maritimus, and Helochares punctatus, all three common; Helophorus intermedius,
scarce. Ocypus morio (small form), ater, and Philonthus intermedius, occasional.
Xantholinus tricolor, a few; Ackenium depressum, two specimens only, and humile,
locally very abundant. Cryptobium fracticorne, Bledius tricornis and spectabilis,
sparingly. Agathidium marginatum, common; Choleva angustata, nigrita, &e.
Hister quadrimaculalus (formerly common in Sheppey, but not seen alive by me
since 1874), neglectus, and bisserstriatus, a few of each; Carcinops (Kissister)
minima, Coccidula scutellata, and Scymnus testaceus (Mulsanti, Wat.), occasionally
met with. Syncalypta hirsuta, very plentiful and in fine clean condition ; Hetero-
cerus obsoletus, marginatus, and levigatus. Aphodius consputus,common. Throscus
obtusus,a few specimens. Cassida sanguinolenta (new to Sheppey), vittata (oblonga,
Ill.), nobilis, and obsoleta, all rare. Anthicus humilis and instabilis, in numbers.
Apion laevicolle, Schénherri, limonii, pubescens, &c. Strophosomus faber, scarce ;
Hypera murina, very common; Lrirrhinus scirpi, Thryogenes nereis and scirrhosus,
searce. Bagius argillaceus, one very fresh specimen only; Ceuthorrhynchidius
frontalis, a few. Amalus hemorrhous, Litodactylus leucogaster, and Phytobius
notula, two or three specimens of each species.
23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
January 10th, 1897.
08 { March,
NOTES ON THE GENUS CHLORIONA, Fisser; WITH DESCRIPTION
OF A NEW SPECIES.
BY JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S.
In the course of a recent review of my material in this genus I
found that we have in this country a third species, which has not, so
far as 1 know, hitherto been recognised ; and also that one of our two
known species has been wrongly identified. The object of these notes
is to put matters straight with regard to our native species, and with
the view of rendering them more useful, I have included a notice of
all the described European species.
No species of this section of the old genus Delphax appears to
have been known to the Rev. T. A. Marshall at the date of his “ Essay
towards a knowledge of British Homoptera” (Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. i,
vol. 1, p. 199, Feb., 1865); but Scott (op. cit., ser. i, vol. vii, p. 25,
July, 1870) introduced two species, the macropterous males of which
he distinguished as follows :— |
Greenish-grey ; abdomen black, genital segment yellowish-white...
smaragdula, Stal.
Green ; abdomen and genital segment black ....................-5- unicolor, H.-S.
I have not seen any of Scott’s specimens, and the above parti-
culars do not, unfortunately, enable one to decide with certainty what
species he had before him.
In my Synopsis of British Homoptera-Cicadina Elen. Ent. Soe.
Lond., 1886, p. 58) I dealt with the two British species then known to
me, retaining the names used by Scott, and separating them by the
characters employed by J. Sahlberg, and so the matter remained.
The species resemble one another very much in facies, and Dr.
Melichar (Cicadinen von Mittel-EKuropa, 1896, p. 63) says that they
are only to be distinguished from each other by the form of the face.
The differences in the proportions of the face, however, are, for ine,
very difficult to appreciate, and in practice I find that characters
taken from the male genitalia are much more satisfactory ; this seems
also to have been the experience of Fieber.
As the male anal tube in particular affords more prominent cha-
racters than usual, it is necessary that its structure should be thoroughly
understood; and the fact that it is capable of considerable vertical
motion must be borne in mind. It is furnished on each side of its
lower edge with a large pointed tooth, which is always more or less
cephalad in direction, and in most species, when the posterior face of
the anal tube is vertical, lies parallel to the long axis of the body, and
1898.] 59
consequently is invisible in the cephalad aspect of the specimen. The
only exception to this formation at present known to me occurs in
C. prasinula, in which the teeth are decumbent as well as divergent, and
therefore are always visible in the cephalad aspect of the specimen, at
least in their distal half. It frequently happens that the anal tube is
raised, so that its posterior face is horizontal, in which case, of course,
the teeth are quite exposed. The function of these teeth appears to
be that of keeping the edeagus in place.
The differential characters of the males of the species which I
have examined are given below; I am not able to identify female
specimens taken apart from the males.
1. Scutellum, beyond the side keels, with a black subtriangular patch on each side.
Apex of style obliquely truncate, with both the upper and lower angles pro-
duced into sharp triangular toobiessee-. --. 2 2aease seers dorsata, n. sp.
Scutellum entirely pale
. Posterior face of the anal tube with a very small, sharp, recurved tooth or hook
EN iGEVE) AKON ESE HOTS. ao aoendeks cup edocuce to dn sonadebmeestauddnsaosaona glaucescens, Fieb.
3. Teeth of the anal tube curved, directed obliquely outward, forward, and down-
ward, their distal half, therefore, visible in the same aspect as the posterior face
olgthozamallethuloeuec secseccee ane cones eee orc ee een eee eee prasinula, Fieb.
Teeth of the anal tube straight, directed almost horizontally cephalad, and,
therefore, not visible in the same aspect as the posterior face of the anal tube...
4.
4. Periphery of the pygofer, in the cephalad aspect, suborbicular...
smaragdula, Stal.
” » ” » » » transversely elliptic ..
unicolor, H.-S.
C. DORSATA, 2. sp.
3. Abdomen above black, the sides narrowly yellow. Pygofer yellow, a little
darker above, the upper notch wide, rounded-triangular, reaching from side to side
of the segment, and extending cephalad almost to the hind margin of the last dorsal
segment, the lower notch angular, with straight sides, and a small, almost semi-
circular, excavation in the middle, viewed from the side the hind margin passes
obliquely and almost in a straight line from the hind margin of the last dorsal
segment to the commencement of the lower notch. Contents of the genital aperture
brownish-yellow. Anal tube with the aperture transversely elliptic, its lower edge
much widened and produced on each side into a large, blunt, triangular tooth, the
teeth proper nearly straight and directed almost horizontally cephalad. Genital
aperture (or mouth of the pygofer) somewhat triangular, with widely rounded angles.
Styles gradually narrowed from base to apex, nearly straight, their apices obliquely
truncate, with both the upper and lower angles produced into a sharp triangular
tooth. Scutellum with a black subtriangular patch on each side beyond the side
keels. Otherwise like C. glaucescens.
60 (March,
I describe this species from two males from “ Haute Savoie,”
France, sent to me by M. E. Autran, under the name unicolor, H.-S.
C. @uaucEscens, Fieb.
g. Abdomen above black, narrowly yellow at the sides; pygofer above pitch-
brown, with the hind margin narrowly yellow, beneath yellow-brown, with the hind
margin paler.
Pygofer: upper and lower notches as in C. dorsata, its outline in the cephalad
aspect transversely elliptic, the aperture somewhat hexagonal, the lining and partition
whitish, the styles and anal tube brownish-yellow, the hind margin in the lateral
aspect somewhat convex. Styles feebly sinuate, gradually narrowed from the base
to the apex, where they are slightly produced into a short blunt lobe on the upper-
side. Anal tube with the aperture transversely elliptic, the lower part much
widened with a wide angular notch reaching from side to side, and bearing at each
lower corner a very small, sharp, recurved tooth or hook; the teeth proper straight,
parallel, and directed cephalad in a nearly horizontal position, not visible in the
cephalad aspect of the pygofer.
This species is the wnicolor of J. Sahlberg and myself; I have
found it commonly on reeds in coast marshes in Norfolk and Suffolk.
Ranworth, June 16th, 1887; Cley, July 14th, 1887; Southwold,
August, 1896 (Hdwards) ; Bohemia (Fieber) ; Sweden and Finland
(J. Sahlberg) ; Holland (Fokker).
C. prasinuta, Fieb.
g. Abdomen above black, narrowly yellow at the sides, the hind margin of the
last segment narrowly, the hind margin of the pygofer in its upper half, and the
anal tube, white; pygofer beneath and the partition black; styles pitch-brown,
becoming yellow beyond the middle.
Pygofer: upper and lower notches as in C. dorsata, its outline in the cephalad
aspect transversely elliptic, the aperture irregular, owing to the infolding of a
bluntly triangular whitish piece on each side of the upper half, the hind margin in
the lateral aspect convex. Styles sinuate, gradually narrowed from the base to the
apex, where they are truncate. Anal tube with the aperture roundish, the lower
part not broader than the sides, the lower corners blunt right angles; the teeth
curved, divergent, and visible in the cephalad aspect of the pygofer.
Black Gang Chine, Isle of Wight (Lhouwless) ; Dersingham, Nor-
folk, July 30th, 1885; Cley, July 14th, 1887; August 5th, 1889;
Whitwell Common, June 26th, 1890 (Hdwards); Galicia, Austria
(Fieber) ; Donau-auen, Austria (Low); Byjelobodo (Jelichar) ;
Kendytau, Central Asia (J. Sahlberq).
C. SMARAGDULA, Stal.
6. Abdomen above black, sides rather broadly yellow, the hind margins of the
1898.] 61
segments very narrowly yellow; pygofer pitch black, anal tube brownish-yellow ;
styles pitch-brown, passing into yellow beyond the middle.
Pygofer: upper notch large and wide, forming about four-fifths of a circle,
lower notch as in the other species, outline in the cephalad aspect suborbicular, the
aperture square, with rounded angles, but contracted at about half its height by
reason of the projection inwards of the sides, hind margin in the lateral aspect
straight. Styles slightly sinuate, gradually narrowed from the base to the truncate
apex, where the inner angle is produced into a long sharp tooth. Anal tube:
aperture suborbicular, lower margin much widened, the lower corners forming two
wide, somewhat acute, angles, owing to the wide angular notch of the lower edge,
the teeth invisible in the cephalad aspect of the pygofer.
Ranworth, June 16th, 1887 (Hdwards) ; Galicia, Austria (Low) ;
Crefeld (Mink) ; Sweden (J. Sahlberg).
C. unicotor, H.-S.
3g. Abdomen above black, its sides narrowly yellow, the hind margin of the
last segment narrowly white.
Pygofer dark brownish-yellow, the upper and lower notches as in C. dorsata,’
the hind margin, when viewed from the side, rounded ; the periphery, in the cephalad
aspect, transversely elliptic. Anal tube brownish-yellow, its aperture suborbicular,
somewhat contracted below, its lower edge scarcely perceptibly widened, the lower
angles blunt, somewhat rectangular. Styles pitch-brown, yellow at the apex, nearly
straight, gradually narrowed from the base to the apex, where they are slightly
produced into a short blunt lobe on the upper-side only. Teeth of the anal tube
not visible in the cephalad aspect.
Eichkogel, Lower Austria (Melichar) ; Levico, Tyrol (Then) ;
Issy-kul, Central Asia (J. Sahiberq).
(March,
C. steENopTeERA, Flor.
Delphax stenoptera, Flor, Rhyn. Liv., ii, p. 40 (1861) ; Chloriona
stenoptera, Fieber, Grundz. Delp., p. 523, pl. viii, fig. 6 (1866), Cicad.
d. Eur., pt. iii, p. 28 (1878).
This species, of which the type male appears to remain unique, L
have not seen. Judging from Fieber’s figure the processes on the
lower edge of the anal tube form a sort of recumbent < with curved
limbs.
Kudling, Livonia (Flor).
C. FARINOSA, Buckton.
Buckton, Mon. Brit. Cicad., i, p. 75, pl. xxi, figs. 1, 1a, 16, le.
This is nothing but Zcburnia lineola, Germ.; 1 had a specimen
from the author.
EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES.
Fig. 1.—Chloriona smaragdula, Stal, male genitalia seen from behind.
ye dorsata, n. sp., male genital style.
» 5 prasinula, Fieb., ,, 6 *
» 4. 5 unicolor, H.-S., ,, genitalia seen from behind.
» oO 5 glaucescens, Fieb., male anal tube seen from behind.
» b.— 9p D » > » genital style.
» i A prasinula, a », anal tube seen from behind.
(All diagrammatic and much enlarged).
Aculeates taken at Sutton Coldfield in 1897.—The following Aculeates were
taken last season at Sutton Coldfield ; several of them are additions to the district,
and as records from the Midlands are few and far between, I thought it would be
desirable to publish them. Pompilus spissus (3); Diodontus tristis (3 §,5 2);
Psen pallipes (3); these three species are all recorded for the first time from this
district ; Myrmosa melanocephala (8 6,8 9) 3 Sphecodes pilifrons (8), affinis (1),
new to our list. Crabros were fairly represented, but nothing new occurred : tzbialis
(1), clavipes (4), palmipes (3), elongatulus (very common). Of Odynerus the fol-
lowing were found: parietum, trifasciatus, spinipes (2), sinuatus (1). At the end
of June Prosopis communis and hyalinata occurred on parsley bloom, the last named
commonly. Halictus atricornis (2); Anthidium manicatum, 2 g of this grand bee
were captured ; this is the first time I have met with it, and I do not know if there
is any other Warwickshire record... Anthophora pilipes and furcata, of the latter
246; Osmia cerulescens, an addition to our list, one § taken, July 12th; Megachile
centuncularis (5 6,2 9), also a first record. The only Nomadas taken were Lath- |
buriana and solidaginis, the latter being new. In a small field close to my house,
Psithyrus rupestris and campestris were very common, one specimen of the latter is
1898.] 63
almost black. Bombus hortorum, one ? taken; intermediate between the type and
var. Harrisellus, having pale hairs on the 4th segment, all the others black.—RaLPu
C. BRADLEY, Sutton Coldfield: February, 1898.
Cynomyia alpina, Ztt., in Warwickshire.—The claim of this species rests as
British, I believe, on an old Scottish record, and one brought forward by Mr. P.
Grimshaw (Edinburgh Museum), who records a ¢ from Aberdeenshire in 1896.
Warwickshire can now be added as a locality, and as the species is so little
known, a short account of its capture may prove interesting. On August 2nd I
took two males in my garden, and coming to the conclusion it must be a good thing
I worked systematically for it day by day until September 6th, capturing in all
sixteen gs. All were taken between 8.30 and 10 o'clock, sunning themselves on
raspberry and currant leaves, in company with Nemorea radicum, Lucilia Cesar,
Musca vomitoria and erythrocephala. ‘They only appeared in bright sunshine, and
were very skittish, seldom allowing one to approach within a couple of yards, and
at that distance were difficult to separate from the Musca, unless one caught sight
of the bright face, or obtained a glimpse of the last abdominal segments, not an easy
matter with the wings closed. One could also see that it is a more compactly built
insect, narrower than erythrocephala, yet many times I swept up the Musee by
mistake, being very anxious to take the 9, and, therefore, let nothing doubtful pass.
I forwarded the species to Mr. EK. E. Austen, who reported the naming as
correct, and kindly supplied the record of previous captures.
A single g taken in the garden, July 25th, 1891, remained unrecognised in my
collection until last autumn. All the records appear to be males, so we have yet to
find the female.—Ib.
Diptera in the New Forest: a correctionFor Urophora cardui please read
Tephritis miliaria in my list of Diptera (last line, page 42, of the February number).
—Frep. C. Apams.
Hystricopsylla talpe, Curt. (obtusiceps, Rits.), at Chatham.—On the afternoon
of the 15th, while hunting for Brachysomus hirtus in its locality close to Chatham,
I came across the nest of a field-mouse among dead leaves at the roots of a small
chestnut bush. It was deserted by its owner, which was hardly to be wondered at,
for on shaking it over paper out tumbled no fewer than seven specimens (3 g, 4 2)
of the giant flea, Hystricopsylla talpe, Curtis, as well as several of the small pallid,
Typhlopsylla musculi, Dugés. Both species were lively enough, and ran over the
paper with great speed, most of the Typhlopsylla effecting their escape; but
(perhaps fortunately for me) the saltatory powers of the Hystricopsylla were of the
most limited description, and it seemed unable to jump more than an inch at the
utmost. Hitherto I have met with this great flea very rarely in haystacks, tufts of
grass, moss, and heaps of hedge-clippings, and on one occasion on a living field-vole,
Arvicola agrestis, but never more than one, or at most, two at a time, so the capture
of so many specimens at once may be worth recording. ‘The largest ? measures
a trifle over 5 mm. in length. The only beetle found in the nest was a fine example
of the rare Staphylinid, Oxypoda spectabilis, Maerk., which has occurred to me only
_ once before in the Chatham district, in the spring of 1873.—Jamus J. WALKER, 23,
Ranelagh Road, Sheerness: January 17th, 1898.
64 [March,
Coleoptera in the Colchester district in 1897.—My brother and myself having
taken a large number of species of Coleoptera in the neighbourhood of Colchester
during the past year, some account of the less common among them may be of
interest. They were all captured in the north-east corner of Essex. In order to
avoid repetition, those found under similar circumstances are grouped together.
In fungi we found a good many local insects, including Licdes orbicularis, Dacne
humeralis, Triplax enea and T. russica, Cyrtotriplax bipustulata, Cis alni (on one
log only), Hypophleus bicolor, Hallomenus humeralis, Heledona agaricola (in white
fungus on willow, with Quedius cruentus, and other commoner species). In dead
leaves, during the early part of the year:—Notiophilus rufipes, Ocalea badia,
Atemeles emarginatus (1), Mycetoporus clavicornis, Bythinus Curtisi (scarce), New-
raphes elongatulus, N. Sparshalli and its var. minutus. In flood refuse, tufts of grass,
rushes, &c. :—Cychrus rostratus (also one in a fungus), Oodes helopioides (scarce),
Pterostickus inequalis, Platyderus ruficollis, Stenus circularis, Choleva morio. In
salt marsh ditches and their vicinity, at intervals during the season :—Bembidium
Clarki, Berosus spinosus, Trogophleus foveolatus, Hemonia Curtisi (1), Thryogenes
festuce, and Bagous tempestivus. In ants’ nests, during the early part of the
summer :—Aleochara ruficornis (1), Myrmedonia humeralis (with both Formica
rufa and F. fuliginosa), M. funesta, M. laticollis, M. lugens, Quedius brevis, Ani-
sotoma calcarata (1), and Amphotis marginata. In manure heaps and animal
droppings :— Philonthus ebeninus, var. corruscus, Huplectus signatus, E. sanguineus,
Nitidula rufipes, Mycetophagus 4-guttatus, Aphodius porcus, Xylophilus populneus.
Under bark and in moss :—Pristonychus subcyaneus, Megacronus inclinans, Oxypoda
exoleta, Euplectus nigricans, Cryptarcha strigata. On the coast, under stones,
maritime plants, &c.:—Panageus 4-pustulatus, Harpalus servus (scarce), Masoreus
Wetterhali (scarce), Xantholinus tricolor, Cafius sericeus, Helops pallidus, and
Cenopsis Waltoni. On various trees and bushes :—Lebia chlorocephala, Toxotus
meridianus, Strangalia 4-fasciata, Liopus nebulosus, Pogonocherus dentatus, Zeugo-
phora flavicollis (rare), Cryptocephalus lineola (scarce), C. 6-punctatus (1 only),
Crepidodera nitidula (1 only, where a fine series was taken last year), Byctiscus
betuleti, Rhynchites cupreus (scarce), R. ophthalmicus (common on one occasion), R.
pubescens, Anoplus plantaris, and A. roboris (scarce). In dead animals: —Staphy-
linus stercorarius, Necrophorus ruspator, and NV. vestigator. On flowering plants,
by sweeping and searching :—Harpalus punctatulus, H. sabulicola, Malachius mar-
ginellus, Anthocomus fasciatus, Dolichosoma lineare, Hedobia imperalis, Orsodaena
cerasi, O. lineola (both sparingly), Cryptocephalus bilineatus, Apion limonii, and A.
Suscirostre, Polydrosus chrysomela (scarce, on sea plants). On the wing :—Tachinus
elongatus (in a wood), Deleaster dichrous (within a few yards of a main street), and
Saprinus virescens, three of our best insects. Among the miscellaneous species
were :—Zabrus gibbus (running on pathways), Homalota hygrotopora, Encephalus
complicans, Oxytelus insecatus (in decaying vegetables), Melasis buprestoides and
Ptinus germanus (in oak trees), Prionus coriarius (on a tree trunk), Callidium
variabile (one bred), Scaphidema eneum (under birch bark), Melandrya caraboides
(on willow and ash), Otiorrhynchus raucus, and Rhinoncus inconspectus. BERNARD
Smituo Harwoop, 94, Station Road, Colchester: January 15th, 1898.
1898.] 65
Silvanus similis near Southampton.—On December 28th I found a single speci-
men of Silvanus similis at the bottom of a haystack. As this species is always
found under fir bark, the insect must have been hibernating. At what time of year
is the insect usually found? Perhaps it would be a good thing to cut down fir
branches and place them near the spot to attract the beetles when they come out in
the spring. I should be glad of any information regarding this species.—L.. M.
Bucknit1, Thornfield, Bitterne, Southampton: February, 1898.
[I have taken this insect in great profusion by shaking cut fir-branches at Esher,
in August and September ; also singly at Cobham, Kent, from a heap of faggots, but
I have never found it under bark.—G. C. C.].
The genus Erebia.—We are requested to state that the specimens of the genus
Erebia, exhibited by Mr. H. J. Elwes, F.R.S., in illustration of his remarks at the
last meeting of the Entomological Society of London, will, by arrangement with Sir
William Flower, Director of the British Museum (Natural History), be on view at
that institution for a few weeks. The series contains, almost without exception,
representatives of all the known species and more prominent varieties, and should
be seen by all students of this difficult and interesting genus.— EDs.
Erebia lappona in the Upper Engadine.—1 find that I omitted to include this
species in the list of butterflies recorded in last month’s Magazine as occurring in
the Upper Engadine. It was fairly plentiful and in fine condition at about 7000
feet near the Hannen See. This addition does not alter the total arrived at of 72
butterflies. -A. H. Jonus, Eltham: February 1st, 1898.
Teniocampa munda in the autumn.—t should like to report the capture of
Teniocampa munda at ivy. One evening last autumn my son and I tried once
more what has been very unsuccessful in this neighbourhood as a rule for many
years, namely, searching ivy blossoms; and we captured two moths, one Orthosia
macilenta and one T. munda. Having the opinion of Mr. Chas. G. Barrett that the
insect is certainly 7. munda, and its capture at ivy not noticed, I put this on record.
—Joun F. Cuurcuitt, Chesham, Bucks: February 7th, 1898.
[The specimen is unquestionably 7. munda, though not larger than 7. stabilis.
When one takes into consideration that this and the allied species are fully perfected
as moths within the pupa-skin as early as October, the great matter for surprise is
that autumn emergences do not frequently take place. Yet nothing is much more
rare !—C. G. B.].
Observations on the pairing of Dasycampa rubiginea, Fb.— Dasycampa rubiginea
having, I believe, very rarely been seen in cop., even by those who have kept the
imagines alive through the winter and watched them carefully, a few observations
on the subject will probably prove of interest. My first attempt to keep the moths
alive was made in the winter of 1893—4, but they all gradually succumbed, owing
to my not properly understanding their likes and dislikes. In the three following
winters, however, my efforts were crowned with success, and I could doubtless have
continued the brood if so inclined. Whenever I have kept the moths in confine-
ment—their numbers varied in different winters from six to thirteen—they have
been watched pretty closely in the evenings, and at night, in the hope of seeing
V
66 (March,
them paired, but only on three occasions have I been rewarded, viz., February 27th,
1896, March (beginning, but exact date uncertain), 1897, and March 21st, 1897.
Each time they were found in cop. at 1030 p.m., and had separated by 7 or 8 a.m.,
and on each occasion the female was clinging to the muslin which covered the top
of the box, with her abdomen hanging nearly perpendicularly downwards, while
attached to it, and suspended head downwards in mid air with closed wings, was
the motionless male. The box containing the moths was always kept in a fireless
room facing south ; on February 27th, 1896, the window was open, and the outside
temperature was 42 F., but on the other occasions the window was shut and the
temperature not ascertained, though the nights were fairly warm.—Eusvace R.
Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle: January, 1898.
Phlogophora meticulosa, 1,., in mid-December.—On December 18th last I took a
male specimen of Phlogophora meticulosa at rest on a gorse bush on the top of one
of the hills near here. It was in fine condition when captured, but was left alive in
a box in a warm room for three or four days, and had in consequence battered itself
about considerably before it was killed. This is surely a remarkably late date for
the occurrence of any individual, and particularly of a male, of a species that
hibernates in the larval state.—Ip.
Psocus major, Loens, in Surrey.—Recently, in looking through my Psocide
Mr. McLachlan detected a specimen of this rarity, which was taken by myself on
Bookham Common, Surrey, on August 3rd, 1895. I believe that the only previous
British record of the species is that in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxx, p. 243.—C. A.
Briae@s, Rock House, Lynmouth: February 7th, 1898.
Early Neuroptera, &§c.,in North Devon.—On returning here on January 20th,
after ten days’ absence, I found that on the 17th my brother had taken Memoura
Meyeri, and on the 19th my niece had an imago of Baétis rhodani. On the 22nd,
along the banks of the East Lynn, we took three more NV. Meyeri, one B. rhodani,
one Chrysopa vulgaris (ordinary condition), two Philopotamus montanus (others
seen), and a few ants. Hive bees were common in the garden on the 21st.—Ip.
Excess of Naphthaline injurious to collections.—A few of the Lepidoptera in
my collection having been more or less damaged, as the result of my having used
too much naphthaline, a word of warning may perhaps be useful to those, if any,
who are as little versed in chemistry as I am. The cells all round my cabinet
drawers were nearly filled with pure naphthaline crystals, whilst each of my store
boxes contained two small muslin bags filled with naphthaline, either in crystal or
lump form. The cabinets and boxes are kept in a room where there is always a fire
by day during the winter, but are well away from the fire itself. After a time I
found to my dismay that fresh naphtha crystals had formed here and there, not only
on the paper at the sides and bottoms of several of the drawers and boxes, and in
some cases on the pins and labels, but also on the wings of some of the specimens
themselves, as well as on the glasses over the drawers. When the enclosed air
becomes too highly saturated with fumes of naphthaline, the excess is evidently
deposited in the form of crystals on any substance inside the drawers. It is curious
that although all the cells were charged equally highly and at the same time, only a
1898.] 67
certain proportion of the drawers are affected in the way described. I tried re-
moving the crystals from the wings, but only with disastrous results, as they were
adhering so firmly ; now, however, I am emptying the cells of the affected drawers
of all the naphthaline, in the hope that the recently-formed crystals will gradually
evaporate as the air becomes purer. Naphthaline has decided advantages over
camphor and the like, but it is clearly possible for one’s collections to have too much
even of such a very good thing !—Eustace R. Banxes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle :
January 20th, 1898.
[Compare my notes on the evils resulting from the excessive use of naphthaline
at Ent. Mo. Mag. (2), vii, p. 218. It is distinctly inadvisable to fill the cells ald
round English-made cabinet drawers with naphthaline (or camphor either). One
cell, partially filled, is (if properly attended to) quite sufficient. Probably no
drawers are sufficiently ‘air-tight’ to preclude the escape of the results of volati-
lization of a moderate quantity of preservative. But if the air in the drawers
become supercharged, it naturally follows that precipitation must result.—
R. McLacutay. |
Lively halves of «a bisected insect.—I noticed a few months ago a paragraph in
your Magazine (vol. viii, 2nd ser., p. 160) relating to the antics of the leg of a
“daddy” that had been burnt in the gas. A similar instance of muscular energy
after death (?) came under my notice a short time ago, while I was cutting card
braces for moth-setting in my bedroom. The windows were open, and being much
annoyed at the persistent attentions of a number of large reddish-brown Ichneumons,
I made a vicious snap at one of them, and, much to my surprise, divided it neatly
into two parts, one of which comprised the abdomen and hind pair of legs, and the
other the very lively remainder of the unfortunate insect. This occurred on a
Friday at 11 p.m., and as neither half showed the slightest inclination to die, so to
speak, I placed them for company’s sake under the same tumbler, and the following
table shows, as briefly as possible, the way in which they behaved respectively under
their novel and trying conditions :—
Friday. Front part. Hind part.
11 p.m. and midnight—Walking about and Opening and shutting ovipositor
examining tumbler with antenne. every few seconds.
Saturday, 2 a.m.—Ditto ditto Ditto about twice per minute.
2.15 —Resting on side of tumbler. Ditto ditto
2.40 —Walking and examining tumbler Ditto about once a minute.
as at first.
7.30, 8, 9, and 12.30—Resting on side of Motionless, but twisted violently on
tumbler. being touched.
1.30 —Standing on card beneath tumbler. Ditto ditto
4.0 —Lying on its back, struggling furi- Ditto ditto
ously when touched.
5.30 —Ditto feebly. Ditto very violently.
7.30 and 10.15—Front half apparently dead. Twisted considerably when touched.
Sunday, 1 and 2 a.m. Ditto slightly.
Here I went to bed, and next morning the tail part had ceased to move.
C. H. Mortimer, Wigmore, Holmwood, Surrey : January, 1898.
F 2
68 (March,
Obituary.
James Thomson, who died towards the end of last year, was an American by
birth, but passed the greater part of his long life in France, and especially in Paris.
He amassed large collections of the more striking Coleoptera, especially Longicornia,
Buprestide, Cetoniade, and Lucanide, in acquiring which he spared no expense.
His publications, which date from 1856, are very numerous, and of considerable
importance, largely in the “ Annales” of the French Entomological Society, of which
he became a Member in 1854; also in the “ Archives Entomologiques,” which he
established in 1857, and which lasted two years, and in the “ Arcana Nature,’ pub-
lished in 1859. Subsequently, in 1867, he brought out a serial, under the name of
“ Physis, recueil d’histoire naturelle,” which also lasted two years; this latter con-
tained an odd mixture of science and metaphysics, and may be classed amongst the
eccentricities of entomological literature. He was a Member of the Entomological
Society of London from 1856 to 1888. Latterly he published very little, having,
some years ago, sold his collections to M. René Oberthiir.
We need not remind some of our readers that Thomson married a sister of the
late Charles Stewart Parnell, and that it was ostensibly in order to allow him to
attend the funeral of a nephew (a son of Thomson) that the Irish leader was
released from prison in April, 1882.
Societies.
BIRMINGHAM ENTOMOLOGICAL SoctETY: December 20th, 1897.—Mr. G. T.
BETHUNE-BAKER, President, in the Chair.
Mr. E. J. Denham, of 31, High Road, Small Heath, was elected a member.
Mr. R. C. Bradley showed Hadena glauca and Anaitis plagiata from Sutton,
and Ephestia Kiihniella from his office. Mr. P. W. Abbott, a nice little series of
Cymatophora fluctuosa taken in Wyre Forest last June, rather pale in colouring ;
also a specimen of Sesia culiciformis with a white band, also from Wyre; this
last was a rather black looking specimen, darker than usual, excepting the band,
which was quite white. Mr. OC. J. Wainwright, a box of Aculeate Hymenoptera,
including four Odynerus levipes, 8, a rare insect, which, however, seems well
established in Wyre Forest; Andrena humilis, g, from Wyre Forest, and some
wide-banded vars. of Apis mellifica from Eisenach, Thuringia. Mr. A. H. Martineau
remarked that Mr. Saunders gives as a character of O. levipes, yellow patches on
both the middle and hind pairs of legs, but on all the Midland specimens he has
seen they were on the middle pair only. Mr. Martineau, sticks containing the cells
from which he had bred several O. levipes from Malvern ; also sticks containing
cells of Pemphredon lugubris, Anthophora fucata, Panz., and Osmia leucomelana.
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, two drawers of Pieride, containing a fine series of Antho-
charis, including A. Pecki from Algeria, and other rare species, and the genera Zegris,
Leucophasia, &e.
January 17th, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. R. C. Bradley showed Vherioplectes solstitialis, taken before 8 a.m.,
1898. ] 69
hovering in the road opposite his house at Sutton,a male. Mr. A. H. Martineau,
a set of specimens illustrating the life history of Andrena cineraria, L., larve, young
aud full-fed, pupa, pupal skin, cells, male and female. Mr. P. W. Abbott, a series
of Bryophila glandifera from Devon, one very beautiful specimen being of a much
richer and more beautiful green than usual, with the markings less sharply defined ;
also a Lycena gon, 2, with the red marks absent from right upper wing, and blue
shadings over them all; and a L. bellargus, 9, also shot with blue, both from
Midhurst, Sussex. Mr. G@. T. Bethune-Baker showed two drawers from his col-
lection, containing a portion of the genus Colias, and including many rare species.
—Corpran J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Secretary.
Entomotogican Society oF Lonpon: February 2nd, 1898.—Mr. G. H.
VERRALL, Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. L. C. Chawner, of Forest Bank, Lyndhurst ; Mr. F. A. Heron, B.A., of
the British Museum (Natural History) ; Mr. Henry Stebbing, of The Shawe, Jarvis
Brook, Tunbridge Wells; and Mr. E. J. Burgess Sopp, of Saxholme, Hoylake,
Cheshire; were elected Fellows of the Society.
A letter was read from the Secretaries of the International Congress of Zoology,
calling attention to the meeting to be commenced at Cambridge on August 28rd,
and extending to the Fellows of the Society the cordial invitation of the Executive
Committee to be present. The Secretary also read a letter from Mr. A. D. Michael,
E.L.S., of 9, Cadogan Mansions, S.W., asking if any entomologists, who might find
insects attacked by mites (Acari) among their disused boxes, would be willing to
send him such insects, with the mites still on them or accompanying them, or at
least, the mites themselves, with the name of the insect given in all cases, for the
purpose of his forthcoming monograph of the Tyroglyphide. Mr. J. W. Tutt
showed a fine series of forms of Hemerophila abruptaria, Thunb., captured and bred
by Mr. W. S. Pearce at Holloway, varying from the normal colour, through
mahogany-brown to dark umbreous, some of the specimens of the second brood
showing a purplish hue. One gynandromorphous example was shown, with the
wings and right antenna of the female type, the left antenna being strongly pecti-
nated. He also exhibited two specimens of Dianthacia luteago, bred by the Rev.
F. Lowe, from larve obtained in Guernsey, and of a very distinct character, having
a tendency to the ochreous coloration of the type-form, but being differently marked.
On behalf of Mr. Heyne, Mr. Jacoby exhibited a series of temperature-varieties of
Lepidoptera. Mr. G. H. Carpenter read a paper by himself and the Rev. W. F.
Johnson on “ The Larva of Pelophila borealis,’ describing its structure and life
history. On the larval characters the genus, hitherto considered as of doubtful
relationship, was regarded as being closely allied to Hlaphrus. Papers were com-
municated by Mr. F. D. Godman, F.R.S., and Mr. O. Salvin, F.R.S., on “ New
Species of American Rhopalocera,” and by Mr. M. Jacoby, “On some Phytophagous
Coleoptera (Eumolpide) from the Islands of Mauritius and Réunion.”—W. F. H.
Bianprorp and F. Merririetp, Hon. Secs.
70 [March,
LOZOPERA FRANCILLONANWA, ¥., COMPARED WITH ITS ALLIES.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.
Throughout the progress of entomological study, and especially
in countries where that study has reached a point at which all obvious
distinctions relied upon for separating the known species are quickly
recognised by the initiated, much Jabour and minute observation has
been devoted to the recognition of critical differences between ob-
scurely coloured, closely allied species frequently regarded as mere
varieties, until their constant and consistent variation, supplemented
by some knowledge of their earlier stages, has enabled us to separate
them from among a mixed series. Where the markings are clear and
distinct, consisting of darker bands, blotches or spots, upon a pale
ground, less attention has been devoted to them, and provided that
these bands or spots are found to be approximately in the same
position, it has less frequently occurred to students to seek for
persistent differences.
That such persistent differences are easily overlooked becomes
perhaps more apparent in the examination of the Australian MWicro-
Lepidoptera than in those of any other part of the world. In the
Gcophoride and in the Xyloryctide Mr. Meyrick and other authors
have rightly described as distinct a large number of species of con-
spicuous pattern and very similar colouring, which differ from one
another in a very minute degree, but whose differences are persistent
and consistent throughout long series obtained from the same and
different localities. In many cases this apparently somewhat coura-
geous differentiation has been justified by the subsequent discovery of
their food-plants, and by a comparison of their larve.
The late Monsieur Ragonot [Ent. Mo. Mag., XII, 87—88 (1875) |
corrected the synonymy of the francillonana group as given in Staudin-
ger’s Catalog, and I will now venture to submit conclusions that have
forced themselves upon me after comparing large numbers of specimens
which would undoubtedly have been placed by those who have confined
their studies to British Lepidoptera in the single species known under
the name of “francillana, F.”
As an introduction to these notes, I desire to call attention to the
fact, that the late Carl von Heyden, writing 32 years ago [Stett. Ent.
Ztg., XX VI, 100 (1865) ], expressed his opinion on the species be-
longing to this group of Conchylis in words that were thus translated
by Stainton (Ent. Ann., 1867, 39)—“T believe that amongst C. sanguwi-
nana, Tr., flagellana, Dup., and francillana, F., there are still different
species, very closely allied, to be distinguished. It is probable that
the larve and their different habits may help us in this respect.”
1898.] 71
Although sanguinana, Tr. (which is not a Lozopera), is wrongly
included in this group, von Heyden’s conjecture is amply justified in
the possibility of critically distinguishing several species hitherto
confused, although their larval habits, so far as we know them, are
extremely similar, as might well be expected in a natural and well-
defined genus.
I have purposely omitted in the following descriptions any refer-
ence to the form of the genital armature, which it would be exceedingly
difficult to express in words. The accompanying accurate illustrations
by Mr. Hartley Durrant will enable a comparison to be made, and will
amply justify the separation of the species on structural grounds—
several specimens of each having been carefully examined and found
to be alike. Will some specialist in comparative anatomy kindly
supply the correct terminology of this philogenetic puzzle?
LOZOPERA FRANCILLONANA, F.
(HEIL, tie, Is
Antenne pale primrose above, greyish beneath. Palpi very pale primrose, shaded
with pale chestnut externally. Head and thorax pale primrose. ore-wings pale
primrose, with a pale chestnut shade along the base of the costa and two very oblique
transverse fascie varying from pale chestnut to nut-brown, with a few silvery scales
around their margins; the upper end of the first fascia, which commences on the
middle of the costa, is somewhat quadrangular, the fascia varying in width reaches
the dorsum at one-third, without noticeable excrescences, but expanding somewhat in
width to the margin; the second fascia arising from the dorsum at about two-thirds
sends out a noticeable bulge immediately above the fold (this excrescence is not,
however, diffused towards the tornus), thence the fascia reaches the costa before the
apex in an unbroken band of about equal width throughout, although slightly en-
larged at the costa ; cilia whitish-primrose. Under-side greyish-brown, cilia slightly
paler than above. Exp. al.,14—18 mm. Hind-wings greyish-brown, with a slight
tawny tint; cilia whitish, with a faint tawny shade along their base. Under-side
pale tawny-grey. Abdomen greyish-brown; anal tuft paler. ZLegs whitish-cinereous.
Hab.: Exeauanp. France, Cannes. Larva in stems of Daucus
carota and Ferula communis (W\|sm.).
Type, Coll. Francillon (? in Oxford Mus.).
Varieties occur in which the fascie are more or less interrupted
below the costa, and some care is required to avoid confusing such
varieties with the Eryngium-feeder flagellana, Dp., which can be sepa-
rated by the more curved dorsal half of the first fascia, being
invariably separated from the costal spot above it. The species was
described by Fabricius from British specimens, but I am unable to
separate the common South European form occurring in stems of
(23 [March, 1898.
Ferula (noticeably in the Ile Ste. Marguerite, S. France) in great
abundance, but I have no evidence that the true francillonana has been
taken elsewhere on the continent.
This species was first described by Fabricius in 1794, and was
originally named francillana in honour of “Dom. Francillon.” It will
be obvious that this name is not orthographically correct, and should
be lengthened to francillonana, a form adopted by Westwood (Br.
Moths, II, 177): such “clipping” was not uncommon in the time of
Linneus and Fabricius, e. g., christiernana (Christiernin), geoffrella
(Geoffroy), oliviella (Olivier), &c.
LozOPERA BILBAENSIS, Reslr.
ly Le tigs2)e
Conchylis francillana, F., + bilbaénsis, Resslr., Stett. Ent. Ztg.,
XXXVIII, 372 (1877). Cochylis francillana, F., + bilbaénsis, See-
bold, An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., VIII, 119 (1879).(2)
Antenne greyish-cinereous. Palpi pale ochreous, shaded with brownish at the
sides externally. Head and face pale ochreous. Thorax brownish-ochreous, the
tegule pale ochreous. Fore-wings very pale ochreous, suffused and faintly mottled
with brownish-ochreous; with two oblique brownish fascizx, the first arising on the
dorsum at one-fourth and reaching nearly to the middle of the costa, but partially
disconnected by evanescence below the costa from a slightly inverted brownish shade
thereon, the second arising from the dorsum before the tornal cilia and reaching the
costa before the apex, where it is outwardly produced, is slightly angulated outward
near its dorsal origin, but runs parallel with the termen above the angle ; cilia very
pale ochreous, with a slender brownish-ochreous line running through them near
their base (sometimes so faint as to be scarcely distinguishable). Under-side dark
brownish-grey ; cilia pale primrose-yellow. zp. al.. 13—16 mm. Hind-wings
shining tawny-grey ; cilia shining whitish-cinereous, with a pale grey shade
running through them near their base. Under-side leaden-grey; cilia very pale
grey. Abdomen dark greyish, anal tuft whitish-cinereous. Legs whitish-cinereous.
Hab.: N. Spaty, Bilbao,@?) VIII.0.2) §. France, St. Aygult,
excl. 13, VIII, 1896. Corsica, Ajaccio, Bastia, excl. 8—10, X, 1896.
SaRpinra (Staudinger), Zell. Coll. Zarva in stems of Crithmum
maritimum, LV—V.
I had at first regarded this species as merely a variety of Lozopera
Srancillonana, ¥., but the uniformity existing between specimens from
Corsica and those from the opposite French coast, combined with the
more plainly apparent mottling of brownish-ochreous between and
beyond the brown fascie as well as near the base, and moreover the
fact that these fasciw tend to converge towards the dorsum even in a
greater degree than in francillonana, convinced me that it was worthy
ef special recognition.
APR 23 1998
April, 1898.] 73
I first met with the larva in company with my friend Monsieur A.
Constant on the rocky coast at St. Aygulf, near St. Raphael (Var), on
April 24th, 1896, feeding in the pith of the stems of Crithmum mari-
timum; subsequently I found the larve in Corsica, near Ajaccio, in
the beginning of May, and at Bastia towards the end of the same
month. The imago appeared from the French larve on August 13th,
those from Ajaccio emerging on October 8th and 10th. There are
two specimens in Zeller’s series of francillana collected in Sardinia by
Staudinger, which must be referred to this species.
Rossler notes in his brief description of belbaénsis that the first
fascia is uninterrupted, whereas, in the Corsican form, although trace-
able throughout, it is partially broken below the costa.
LozoPpERA MAURITANICA, Sp. Nn.
Antenne pale brownish-grey, with some primrose scales above. Palpi very pale
primrose, externally entirely suffused with bright chestnut. Head and thorax very
pale primrose. Fore-wings pale primrose, with a noticeable strong chestnut streak
along the base of the costa, and two broad oblique rich chestnut fascie sprinkled
over their surface with silvery scales ; the first commencing in a triangular spot on
the middle of the costa, decidedly widened on the lower half of the cell, and again
somewhat widened on reaching the dorsum at one-third, the dorsal space between
this and the second fascia is less than half the width of the costal space and the
second fascia, more oblique than the first, is slightly narrowed above the dorsum with
a strong bulged excrescence (the margins of which are clearly defined) outward
above the tornus, above this the fascia is somewhat widened before reaching the costa
near the apex, but not on the costa itself, one or two small chestnut spots occur about
the middle of the termen; cilia very pale primrose. Under-side dark greyish-brown,
a dark spot in the costal cilia before the apex; cilia paler than on the upper-side.
Exp. al., 16 mm. Hind-wings tawny brownish-grey ; cilia whitish-cinereous, a
slight shade running through them near their base. Under-side brownish-grey.
Abdomen dark grey; anal tuft paler. Legs whitish-cinereous, tarsi mottled with
brownish-grey.
Type, &, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab. : Morocco, Mogador, III, 1885 (J. H. Leech), unique.
The species may be said to approach bil/baénsis, Rsslr., in appear-
ance, but is easily distinguished by its paler colour, by the more
abundant silvery speckling on the fascie, and by their greater width
and the abrupt termination of the outer fascia on the costa before
the apex—the structure of the genital armature being also entirely
distinct from that of all other allied species.
T regret that I am unable to figure the genitalia of this species
owing to lack of space, but as I still possess two more species, one
. from Algeria (Rev. A. E. Eaton) the other from Chang Yang (China),
I may hope to do so on some future occasion.
G
7A [April,
LOZOPERA TORNELLA, sp. 2.
(Pl. II, fig. 4).
Antenne brownish-grey. Palpi pale straw-whitish, strongly shaded with chestnut-
brown on their outer sides. Head straw-whitish above. Thorax whitish-strami-
neous, the base of the tegule chestnut-brown. Fore-wings whitish-stramineous,
shining with a primrose gloss, the base of the costa narrowly stained with chestnut-
brown and with two pale chestnut-brown oblique transverse fasciz parallel with the
termen ; the first commencing at the middle of the costa (where it is slightly pro-
duced inwards), is narrowed but not broken beneath, and reaches the dorsum at about
one-third ; the second, arising before the tornus, is dilated outwards to the tornus,
thence attenuated upwards and slightly enlarged again on the costa and costal cilia—
a few silvery scales are visible around the margins of these fasciz ; cilia concolorous
with the fore-wings, slightly shaded with chestnut-brown at the base near the tornus.
Under-side dark brownish-grey ; cilia pale primrose-yellow. Hap. al., 14—19 mm.
Hind-wings dark grey, with a slight tawnly gloss; a distinct broad grey shade
along the base of the shining whitish-cinereous cilia. Under-side leaden-grey; cilia
very pale grey. Abdomen dark grey; anal tuft pale primrose. Hind legs whitish-
cinereous.
Type, 8, Mus. Wism.
Hab.: Corsica, Corté, 17, V. Iratny, Pratolino, IV, 1898.
France, Cannes, II[I, 1897 (Chapman). Germany, Jena (Schlager),
Zell. Coll.
Seven specimens taken flying among Uméellifere to the north of the
town of Corté where no Crithmum grows; had I at the time recognised
the differences which separate them from francillonana, a larger num-
ber would have been secured. I had previously met with tornedla at
Pratolino, where a single specimen occurred in April, 1893, and have
also seen a specimen taken by Dr. Chapman at Cannes in March, 1897.
There are four specimens of this species in the Zeller Collection from
Jena, sent by Schlager as “ flagellana ?”— one of them is a unicolorous
variety having no trace of the fascie. |
This species differs from francillonana, F., in the faseize being less oblique and
more precisely parallel, and in the lower extremity of the outer fascia being enlarged
to cover the tornal angle, not merely sending out a short spur sbove it. It differs
also in its paler, more washed out colouring, which does not possess the rich primrose
suffusion of that species; the hind-wings are decidedly greyer, not exhibiting a
brownish tinge, moreover, the basal line in the cilia is much more distinct and strongly
marked, while the cilia themselves are slightly greyer, and the abdomen is decidedly
darker than in average specimens of francillonana. As compared with beatricella it
differs in the more parallel and paler fasciz, in the diffusion of the lower extremity
of the outer fascia to the tornus, and in its extension on the costa towards the apex,
also in the darker under-side of the fore-wings and in the chestnut spot at the base
of the tegulee.
1898.] 75
LOZOPERA BEATRICELLA, Sp. N.
(Pl. II, fig. 5).
Antenne pale primrose above, brownish-cinereous beneath, basal joint brownish-
ochreous. Palpi pale primrose-yellow, shaded externally with pale nut-brown.
Head and thoraz pale primrose-yellow. Fore-wings rather shining, primrose-yellow,
with two oblique nut-brown transverse fasciz (having a few leaden-grey scales visible
around their margins), and a smear of the same colour along the base of the costa ;
the first fascia starting from the middle of the costa is bent (almost broken) at the
upper edge of the cell, where it is slightly diffused outward, starting afresh from its
inner margin it throws out a slight excrescence on the middle of the cell, and is
again sometimes attenuated at the lower edge of the cell, thence dilated again to the
dorsum before the middle; the outer fascia is equal in average width to the first
(both being broader than in francillonana), and leaving the costa before the apex
passes obliquely to the dorsum before the tornus, it is slightly indented beyond the
upper angle of the cell, and considerably widened outward above the tornus, expand-
ing again on the dorsum before it; the space between these fasciee is slightly
attenuated from costa to dorsum as in francillonana (in which species, however, the
fascie are more oblique, whereas, in ¢ornella, they are almost invariably parallel, and
are less oblique than in francillonana) ; cilia pale primrose-yellow. Under-side
greyish-brown; cilia very pale primrose. zp. al., 14—16 mm. Hind-wings
brownish-grey ; cilia whitish-cinereous, with a slight shade line running through
them near their base. Under-side grey, with a slight tinge of darker grey towards
the apex; cilia lacking the primrose tint of those of the fore-wings. Abdomen
grey ; anai tuft primrose. Legs whitish-cinereous.
Type, 3 &.
Hab. : Eneuann, Leiston (Suffolk). Larva in stems of Pastinaca
sativa (?), 1V. Twenty-three specimens.
This species is named after my sister, Mrs. Carpenter (the re-
discoverer of Antispila rivillei, Stn., who bred a good series in either
1879 or 1880 from larve found at Leiston (Suffolk) in April in stems
of an Umbellifer, believed at the time to be Pastinaca sativa. She
appears to have noticed then that the species differed from franeillo-
nana, but it had escaped my attention until now.
LOZOPERA FLAGELLANA, Dp.
(Pl. II, fig. 3).
Hab.: Germany. Larva in stems of Eryngium campestre.
This species is probably more widely distributed, but this cannot
be assumed from mere records of captures which may really refer to
some of the other species of the group. A specimen from Sarepta
-(S. E. Russia) in the Zeller Collection, unfortunately with the abdo-
men missing, is apparently flagellana.
G2
76 (April,
Loz Pera DILUcIDANA, Stph.
(Pl. II, fig. 6).
= Tortrix flagellana, Dp. + ¢, Z. Is., 1847, 668. !
Hab.: Exewuanp. Stciny, Syracuse, 11, V (var. c, Zell. Coll.).
Larva in stems of Pastinaca sativa and Heracleum sphondylium.
The specimen which Zeller records in the Isis as flagellana, var. c,
from Syracuse is really dilucidana, Stph. This species has probably
been overlooked in intermediate localities, and I cannot say with
certainty that it occurs elsewhere.
These two species are easily separable from those above described
by the first fascia being invariably broken below the costa in both, and
the second also in flagellana.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Fig. 1—Lozopera francillonana, ¥. Fig. 4—Lozopera tornella, W\sm.
» 2 5 bilbaénsis, Rsslr. » 13 beatricella, Wl1sm.
» &— a flagellana, Dp. » b6— ih dilucidana, Stph.
(a, lateral aspect ; b, dorsal aspect ; ¢, ventral aspect; d, anal aspect).
Merton Hall, Thetford :
February, 1898.
NOTE ON THE LARVA OF CIDARIA SAGITTATA.
BY HERBERT FORTESCUE FRYER.
In looking through an old volume of the Ent. Mo. Mag. (vol. xii,
1875-6) I came across a note by Mr. William Saunders on a habit of
the larva of Cidaria sagittata.
Mr. Saunders says, on the authority of Mr. Alfred Fryer, con-
firmed by his own observations, that these larve have a habit of
“ onawing the stems of their food-plant and feeding on the withered
leaves.”
For some years I bred this species annually, and I have had it
feeding naturally in my garden on three species of Thalictrum, T.
flavum (its food-plant in a wild state) 7. aquilegifolium and (but
only occasionally), on Z. minus. Eventually I lost it, and I then
transplanted some of the food-plant from the locality given by
Newman to a ditch on one of my farms, and founded a colony, now
some five or six years old.
I have entered into these particulars to show that I have had
some opportunity of watching this very retiring species (I say retiring,
1898.] ai
for the imago is rarely seen in its natural state, and then only by the
light of the lantern, when the 9 is depositing her eggs). Even under
these favourable conditions for observation I have, however, not
noticed the habit above referred to.
In the following notes I must hope for the indulgence of your
readers, should I be merely a purveyor of stale news, indulgence
towards an old collector who, in his mature years, is beginning again
ostensibly “‘just to start the boy in the right way.”
The egg of C. sagittata has a very close resemblance to the stamens of T.
flavum, on which it is often deposited, both in shape and in its bright yellow colour.
The young larva, when first hatched, is of the same colour, still in imitation of the
stamens among which it conceals itself while feeding on the flower-parts. As it
increases in size it turns to a light brown, the stamens having by this time fulfilled
their office and faded to the same colour. Here, again, the resemblance is main-
tained. Later still, when the seeds are formed, the larva feeds on them, and as each
seed is cleaned out or partially eaten it becomes brown, giving the panicle a
variegated appearance of yellow-green and brown. The larva has now acquired its
well-known rich banded colouring of brown and shades of green, imitating respectively
the empty brown seed-husks and the untouched green seeds of the food-plant. So
close is this imitation that it requires a quick eye to detect the larva, sitting as it
nearly invariably does, in a curved position in the panicle.
As far as I have observed the seeds form the most usual food of
C. sagittata in a state of nature, and the larva only touches the leaves
when compelled to do so from lack of its proper food, and possibly
when on its way down the stem when descending for pupation.
Returning for a moment to the question of colour, I have been
puzzled by the occurrence in some seasons of a type of larva, in which
the brown tones become a rich purple and the green a deep shade of
apple-green. It may possibly be, however, that this is a reversion,
caused by seasonal influence, to an earlier form which had for its
food-plant one of the more richly-coloured species of Thalictrum such
as T. aquileqifolium.
I hope this season to make more accurate notes on this subject,
and if I find I am wrong, to cry peccavi with the best grace I have at
command.
The Priory, Chatteris :
February 18th, 1898.
P.S.—After writing the above it occurred to me, before sending
it to you to send it to my uncle, Mr. Alfred Fryer, for his remarks,
and I think I cannot do better than send these in extenso, on the
principle that “ every poison has its antidote.’—H. F. F.
78 a (April,
“T can confirm all you have said about the early state of the larva, but none
the less it is a fact that in its more mature state it feeds on the partial leaf-stalks
and leaves, as described in Newman. Saunders called it the ‘ Trade-Mark,’ and we
used to look for the bitten leaf-stalks and dangling leaves as the readiest guide to
the larvee.
“T cannot call to mind a single instance in which I have found the mature larva
in any considerable quantity on a plant which was not thus bitten, and I have
collected, and seen collected, many hundreds. This last season I noticed the larva
of another species feeding on the seeds of Thalictrum flavum, so we must not credit
C. sagittata with all the gnawed seeds.
“T have noticed that when the mature larve feed on or inhabit the leaves and
stems, they are more brightly coloured than when confined to the panicles. In
conclusion, I must remind you that the ‘bitten’ state of the plant with dangling
leaflets all over it betrayed, in the first instance, the existence of a larva, and led to
the discovery of the larva of this species heretofore unknown.—A. F.”
A NEW MARINE HYDROMETRID.
BY GEORGE H. CARPENTER, B.Sc., F.E.S.
Through the kindness of my friend Mr. J. E. Duerden, Curator !
of the Museum of the Institute of Jamaica at Kingston, I have re-
ceived for examination adult and larval specimens of a new and highly
interesting marine bug belonging to the family Hydrometride, and
allied to Halobates. The insects were collected by Mr. Duerden in
January, 1897, skimming over the surface of smooth water beneath
mangrove trees, near the head of Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. They
resemble Halobates in the absence of wings, and in general appear-
ance ; but the abdomen is of more normal development than in the
oceanic genus, while there is no fringe of hairs to the tibial and tarsal
segments of the second pair of legs. Instead of this, the tarsi of the
second pair are provided with an exquisite arrangement of long
branched ciliated hairs, which can be spread out like the spokes of a
wheel, and thus afford two disc-like areas of support to the insect as
it rests on the surface film.
TROCHOPUS,* gen. nov.
Antenne two-thirds as long as the body; first segment the longest, but only
half as long as the other three together ; third segment longer than the second, and
second slightly longer than the fourth. Body rhomboidal in form, broadest at region
of middle coxe ; wingless; abdomen with reflexed margins, longer than head and
thorax together. Femora of equal thickness in all three pairs of legs; coxe of
second pair inserted at middle of body, femora reaching just beyond tip of abdomen;
femora of third pair barely reaching tip of abdomen. ll tarsi with two segments,
* Trochos, a wheel; Pous, a foot.
1898.] 79
but the basal segment in first and third pairs exceedingly small; terminal segment
deeply cleft in all three pairs; on the front and hind feet two claws and a stiff
bristle are inserted in the tarsal cleft, and a delicate leaf-like process beneath the
foot ; within the exceedingly deep cleft of the middle foot are inserted two claws
and a branched series of long ciliated hairs.
Type: TF marinus, sp. n., from Jamaica.
TROCHOPUS MARINUS, sp. nov.
Length, 3 mm. Black, covered with dense greyish pubescence. Basal parts of
first antennal segments and of the front femora, the pronotum,a dorsal longitudinal
central line on the mesonotum, the under surface of the thorax, and the trochanters
of all the legs, yellow. Tibia of leg of second pair as long as the two tarsal seg-
ments together, proximal tarsal segment half as long again as distal, which bears in
its cleft a set of ciliated hairs, with sixteen to twenty branches.
Locality : Kingston Harbour, Jamaica.
The head of this insect is rounded in front, the antenne being inserted beneath
and in front of the eyes. The first segment of the antenna is curved and slightly
club-shaped, bearing three or four spines towards the tip; the second segment is
thickened distally ; the third is cylindrical; and the fourth is fusiform; there are
no “jointlets”’ as in Halobates. Ocelli are wanting. The rostrum is of the form
usual in the group, with four segments, of which the first two are short and the
third the longest ; the tip reaches beyond the insertion of the front legs (figs. 1, 2,7).
The thorax shows the normal threefold segmentation above. The pronotum is
narrow and transverse; the mesonotum large and hexagonal, with sinuate hind
margin; the metanotum narrow and transverse. Beneath, the prothorax and meso-
thorax are fused together, while the metasternum is transverse and similar to the
abdominal sterna. The front pair of legs are inserted close together near the centre
of the body. The mesothorax and metathorax are expanded laterally to receive the
large globular coxee of the second and hind pairs of legs.
The abdomen is composed of nine visibie segments above and below, the first
sternite being largely hidden by the metasternum. In the female the broad reflexed
margins reach back to the hinder edge of the seventh segment (fig. 1). The eighth
segment is divided beneath by a longitudinal cleft (fig. 7), the ninth is hemispherical.
In the male the reflexed margins are continuous with the pleure of the ninth seg-
ment (fig. 8). The eighth segment beneath has a concave hinder edge with a small
central prominence (figs. 9, 10), from which project a pair of claspers with bluntly
curved tips armed with numerous short spines, joined together above by a chitinous
bar (fig. 8), and surrounded by a fine delicate membrane Whether these claspers
are normally in the protruded condition shown in the single specimen which I
have figured (figs. 8, 9, 10) must remain doubtful for the present. I can detect no
other sexual distinction in the specimens before me.
The front legs are of moderate length, the femora evenly cylindrical and fur-
nished with a series of long, fine hairs (fig. 1). The tibiw are thickened distally and
clothed with numerous hairs, some of which, overhanging the foot, are club-shaped
(fig. 3). The tarsus has two segments, of which the proximal is very small and hard
SO (April,
to make out; the distal segment has a deep cleft, wherein are inserted two stout
claws and a bristle, as in Halobates, but the delicate leaf-like appendage beneath the
foot (fig. 8) is unrepresented in any genus of the family known to me. The tarsus
of the third pair is very similar in form, only more elongate (fig. 6), and carries
corresponding appendages, the bristle being clubbed. The hind legs are compara-
tively short; the femur bears three prominent spines distally, while the tibia is
rather strongly spinose throughout its length. The legs of the middle pair are
provided only with hairs and bristles ; in these legs the first tarsal segment is
longer than the second, which is cleft for the greater part of its length Within the
cleft are borne two claws, one of which, scimitar-shaped and ending in a sharp point,
projects from the cleft, while the other, upturned and quadrifid at its extremity, lies -
in the cleft (figs. 4,5). The bristles of the other feet seem to be represented by the
set of branched ciliated hairs. The individual hairs spring at excessively close
intervals from a common stem (figs. 5, 13), and each. bears more than a hundred fine
cilia. Apparently the whole apparatus can be withdrawn within the cleft, or ex-
panded to form a wheel-like disc (fig. 5). It is to be hoped that the use of this
unique and wonderful organ in the living insect may be studied by Mr. Duerden and
his fellow naturalists in Jamaica.
The smallest larva before me measures 1°5 mm. in length (fig. 11). The tarsi
have but one segment (fig. 12), but the cleft and ciliated hairs of those of the middle
pair hardly differ from the same structures in the adult. The body of the larva is
pale and soft, the chitinous tergites of the various segments appearing as paired
plates, with a median space between the two plates of each pair (fig. 11). Ina
somewhat older larva than that figured the abdominal paired plates have united to
form single tergites, while the thoracic tergites remain divided down the middle
line.
Trochopus is differentiated from all allied genera* by the remarka-
ble structure of the feet of the second pair. It is also readily dis-
tinguished from the majority of the Halobatine by its elongate
abdomen. In this respect it seems to come nearest to the female of
Rheumatobates,+ in which the coxe of the hind legs are opposite the
fifth abdominal segment. In the male of the same genus these coxe
are pushed back opposite the hind extremity of the abdomen, as in
Halobates and its nearer allies (Metrocoris, Platygerris, &e.), while in
Hermatobates they project beyond the abdominal tip. From this
point of view, therefore, Trochopus presents a generalized type of
structure (indeed, its abdomen recalls that of Veliine), while in the
complexity of the appendages of the feet, it shows higher differentia-
tion than can be found in any other genus of the group.
* See Lethierry and Severin, “‘ Catalogue Général des Hémiptéres,” Tome iii, Berlin, 1896
(pp. 64—66). Also Bianchi, “Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de lV Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St.
Pétersbourg, Tome i, 1896 (pp. 69—74), who gives a useful synopsis of all the genera of the sub-
family except my Hermutobates (type, H. Haddonii from Torres Straits), which is easily characterized
by the extreme reduction of the abdomen, the immensely thickened front femora, and the
three-segmented tarsi on all the legs.
+ See Riley, Insect Life, vol. v, 1898, pp. 189—194.
1898.] 81
The specimens from which the above descriptions are made have
been divided between the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, the
British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, and the Museum of the Insti-
tute of Jamaica.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
Fig. 1—Trochopus marinus, gen. et spec. nov. ; female, x 12, upper view.
2 3 3 head, prothorax, rostrum and basal segment of antenne,
side view, x 24.
Oo 55 ai end of tibia, and tarsus of front leg, x 100.
» 4— F FS second tarsal segment of second leg, from above, x 100.
» = ” 37 > 5 is from side, x 50.
» 6— R 3 end of tibia and tarsus of third leg, x 100.
» Im i - female, under view, x 12.
» 8— 5 i male, hinder abdominal segments, from above, x 12.
De 9 99 0 a 0 from below, x 12.
3 LO— Pp _ » genital segments, from below, x 48.
» Ll— as 3 larva, x 12.
_l2— 3 3 » front foot, x 100.
~ 1S - Bs system of branched ciliated hairs from foot of second
pair, x 200.
Dublin: January, 1898.
FRAUENFELDIA RUBRICOSA, Ma.: AN ADDITION TO THE
BRITISH MUSCIDA (TACHINIDHZ OF VERRALL’S LIST).
BY ERNEST E. AUSTEN.
FRAUENFELDIA RUBRICOSA, Mg.
Tachina rubricosa, Mg., Syst. Beschr.,iv, p. 305 (1824). Rhinophora rubricosa,
id., l. ¢., vii, p. 210 (1838). Tachina nigritarsis, Zett., Dipt. Scand., iii, pp. 1169,
1170 (1844) ; viii, p. 3249 (1849) ; hirticornis, id., l. c., pp. 1172, 1173 (1844) ; viii,
p- 3250 (1849). Dexia tachiniformis, id., l.c., ii, p. 1280 (1844) ; viii, pp. 3250, 3266
(1849). Tricogena Truquii, Rond., Dipt. Ital. Prodr., v, pp. 157, 158 (1862). Phyto
rubricosus, Schin., Faun. Austr. Dipt., i, p. 548 (1862). Frauenfeldia (gen. nov.)
rubricosa, Egger, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xv, pp. 297—298 (1865) ; rubricosa, Brauer
and von Bergenstamm, Denkschr., math.-naturw. Cl. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lvi, p.
121, Taf. vii, fig. 172 (1889) ; lvili, p. 413; lx, p.224; rubricosa, Brauer, Verh. z.-b.
Ges. Wien, xliii, p. 499 (1893).
A single male of the above species was taken at Tring, Herts, at
the beginning of July, 1897, by my friend Mr. A. Piffard, who has
most unselfishly presented it to the British Museum. As the species
is only mentioned, but not described, by Schiner, while, owing to
Brauer and von Bergenstamm having overlooked the fact that its facial
92 ; [ April,
angles are distinctly convergent, it is impossible to run it down into
its proper “Section” by means of Brauer’s “Table I”’ (Verh. z.-b.
Ges. Wien, xliii, p. 463, e¢ seg.), the following summary of its prin-
cipal characters may, perhaps, be found useful, since the original
description by Meigen, and the subsequent one by Egger, are probably
inaccessible to most British Dipterists.
3. Length, 6 mm. (23 lines). Face with a row of bristles on each side between
the facial ridge and the eye; arista distinctly pubescent to the tip ; palpi, tip of
scutellum, tips of femora beneath, and tibie (except at the base) orange-rufous ;
abdomen cylindriform, shining black, orange-rufous on sides of second segment and
on those of the first posteriorly, rather more than the anterior halves of the second,
third, and fourth segments occupied by transverse bands of yellowish-silvery pollen,
interrupted by a shining black median stripe; hypopygium shining black, beneath it
two vertical orange-rufous lobes.
Head squarish when seen in profile, clothed with greyish pollen ; front broad,
slightly narrower than the eye, with black median stripe occupying one-third of its
width ; orbital sete, three on each side; antenne black, tips of first and second
joints orange on inside; the pubescence on the arista easily seen when examined
with a platyscopic lens of medium strength; the row of setz on the face is formed
by the continuation downwards of the frontal series on each side; it terminates a
little above the lower margin of the eye, and the three lowest bristles are the
strongest ; eyes bare; facial angles convergent, contracting the clypeus immediately
above the oral margin in front ; vibrissz stout, oral setze confined to the facial angles ;
oral margin, and the depression behind the facial angle on each side rufous. Thorax
grey, with three black stripes, and clothed with strong bristles. Abdomen without
discal macrochetz, the marginal ones confined to the second, third, and fourth
segments ; first segment with a shimmering pollinose patch on each side of the
median stripe, which is here broader. Hypopygium shining black; immediately
below it two vertical spatulate lobes, which are orange-rufous posteriorly. Wings
somewhat greyish ; terminal portion of fourth vein but slightly concave outwards;
first posterior cell narrowly open, or closed on margin of wing, which it reaches
shortly before the tip; no appendix to angle of fourth vein; costal spine (Rand-
dorn) conspicuous; sete on the third vein confined to one or two (one of which is
of considerable size) at its extreme base, where a thickened spot marks the point of
divergence of the second and third veins. Legs black, the tips of the femora
beneath (in the case of the middle and posterior pairs more extensively than in that
of the front pair), and the tibie, except rather more than the basal third, orange-
rufous ; anterior claws long and slender.
@. For the sake of completeness, I translate the following remarks from
Egger’s paper (loc. cit., p. 298): “In the female, which was unknown to Meigen,
the basal joints of the antennz are yellow, the abdomen is flattened oval in shape,
shining dark brown, with bright white bands on the anterior margins of the rings,
and a black dorsal stripe. The sides are not translucent; the legs are for the most
part yellow, only the anterior femora are black right to the extreme tip ; the tarsi
brown.”
1898.1 83
That the older authors were in doubt as to the true systematic
position of this species will have been inferred already from the
synonymy given above. Meigen himself, after describing it, wrote:
“Perhaps this species would stand better with Sarcophaga, to which it
has great similarity.” The ¢, at any rate, certainly possesses a
general likeness to a small Sarcophaga, especially in the contour of
the body when the insect is viewed from above, and the resemblance
is of course enhanced when the face is seen to be setigerous; but it
is distinguished at once by the arista being pubescent right to the tip,
by the broader front, the convergent facial angles, and the absence of
an appendix to the angle of the fourth vein. On subsequently
assigning the species to Rhinophora, Meigen placed it in a division of
the genus which he characterized by the absence of a stalk to the first
posterior cell (MMtttelzelle), and the presence of a costal spine. In
describing the species as a Dexia, Zetterstedt was doubtless influenced
by the pubescent arista, though he heads his description, “Species dubia.”
The true systematic position of Frauenfeldia is next to the genus
Brachycoma, which it resembles, owing to the face being setigerous,
and by reason of other characters. In Prof. Brauer’s final arrange-
ment of the genera of the “ Muscaria schizometopa”’ [ Verh. z.-b. Ges.
Wien, xliii, pp. 510—516 (1893) ], Frauenfeldia is reduced to the level
of a sub-genus of Brachycoma, but for this step I can find no justifi-
cation; the pubescent arista, different shape of the palpi, different
shape of the first posterior cell, and the fact that it is closed, or
nearly so, on the margin of the wing, and also that on the third vein
bristles are confined to the extreme base, instead of clothing it from
the base to the anterior transverse vein ; and last, though by no means
least, the remarkable lamelliform appendanges to the male genitalia—
all these are characters which render it impossible that Frauenfeldia
rubricosa, Mg., can be congeneric with Brachycoma devia, Rond. Owing
to the fact that, as has been mentioned above, the facial angles in
Frauenfeldia are convergent, it will be necessary to modify Brauer
and von Bergenstamm’s definition of their “ Group ” or “ Section”’
RurnopHora, which includes the genera Brachycoma, Frauenfeldia,
Rhinophora, and certain non-British forms.
In conclusion it may be remarked that as the host of FHrauenfeldia
rubricosa is at present unknown, breeders of Lepidoptera might add to
our knowledge by keeping a look out for the fly.
British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, 8.W.
February 11th, 1898.
S4 [April,
HARPALUS FR@LICHI, Sturm (TARDUS, Pz.): AN ADDITION
TO THE BRITISH LIST.
BY E. A. NEWBERY.
This interesting addition to our list was taken in some small
numbers by Mr. Claude Morley and Mr. Ernest Elliott on the 4th and
29th of May last, beneath stones and logs on what Mr. Morley calls
“Foxhall Plateau,’ a barren wind-swept field just a mile from
Martlesham Heath and four miles from Ipswich. The locality appears
to be a good one for Carabide, Mr. Morley having taken as many as
13 species of Amara there.
A, Frelichi, Sturm, is regarded by M. Bedel and other conti-
nental authorities as the true tardus, Pz., the species standing as tardus
in our lists and collections being called rwfimanus, Marsh. It is very
probable we shall have to make this correction. |
HI, Frelichi, by its short broad form, thorax not narrowed behind, and shining
black colour, is very nearly allied to H. serripes, Quens.,and among British Harpalz
can only be mistaken for that species or rufimanus, Marsh. (tardus, Brit. Cat.). It
may readily be separated from both by the characters given by Bedel. I have made
uee of these in the following table :—
A. Posterior femora having numerous setigerous punctures on the internal margin.
Thorax strongly transverse, form short, broad and convex, antennz short,
yellow-red, elytra nearly as shining in 2 asin g ...... Hi. Frelichi, Sturm.
(ardus, Pz.).
B. Posterior femora having from 3 to 8 punctures.
I. Antenne and palpi having the middle joints spotted with black, form broad
and convex, elytra nearly as shining in 2 asin @ ...#H. serripes, Quens.
II. Antenne and palpi entirely yellow-red, form narrower and but little convex,
Spshiunine ec? sdulll 5 eee ness eoreeenen season ee H. rufimanus, Marsh.
tardus, Brit. Cat.
With regard to these setigerous punctures, they are by no means
confined to the posterior femora; all the femora and the intercoxal
prominence being much more hairy than in the two allied species.
Fauconnet, in his tables, gives 12 to 14 as the number on the femora
of Frelichi, and 3 to 4 in serripes and rufimanus. The latter hardly
appears to be correct, but is worth mentioning as an approximation.
British insects are usually carded, and it is therefore as well to
mention that in Frelichi the thorax is remarkably short and broad,
being almost double as broad as long, with its sides narrowed from the
base to the apex and not rounded, as in the two allied species.
The size is about that of average rufimanus (tardus, Brit. Cat.).
12, Churchill Road, N.W.:
February 21st, 1898.
1898.)
ea)
or
We have received the following additional note from Mr. C.
Morley.—Eps.
Foxhall is a tiny little village upon a gentle acclivity on the banks of a small
stream, a tributary of the River Deben. The parish includes a part of the sandy
heath, upon the border of which is the “ Plateau”” on the north, and some poor
marsh land on the south. Parallel with the stream through Foxhall and Brightwell,
but extending in the north to Waldringfield and Martlesham, runs a narrow strip
of the Red Crag from the Deben to the Orwell, resting at this point upon the London
Clay at a depth of forty-two feet from the surface, and capped by the Glacial Drift
and rubble. In this neighbourhood is a wide stretch of sandy soil, of which there
is little in the county, and wherever the crag is present the soil appears of a light
and unstable nature. Beyond the Deben the crag broadens out, reaching as far as
Dunwich and Southwold, and throughout this district it is quite probable H.
Frelichi is to be sought with tolerable chance of success. The particular spot of
capture is a field just 100 feet above sea-level, upon which many attempts have been
made to raise corn, but all have failed dismally, and copious manuring has raised
nothing but fine crops of bracken! The major part of the field, as a last resource,
has just been ploughed and planted with Conifere, much, I fear, to the detriment
of the propagation of our Harpalus. A curious fact is that I have searched the
same spot for several consecutive seasons, and in 1896 turned over the same stones
beneath which H. Frelichi occurred last year without obtaining a single specimen,
Mr. Elliott and I secured in all fifteen specimens, twelve males and three females.
two of the former are now in the British Museum, and I hope to obtain it and dis-
tribute it among my friends again this year. Sandhill species, such as Sitones
griseus, Cneorhinus geminatus, Calathus flavipes, Broscus cephalotes, Coccinella
11-punctata, &c., occur on the “ Plateau,” and it was my friend Dr. Taylor’s opinion
that marine plants are attracted by the soda which enters into the drift sand of the
felspar, and hence the occurrence of such species at a distance of six miles from the
sea at its nearest point. About a mile distant Kirby first took Cieindela sylvatica
in Britain.*
Harpalus Frelichi, Sturm, would appear to be a somewhat scarce species
upon the continent. Fairmaire says it is rare on sandhills in Northern France, but
Bedel has found it occasionally in numbers, especially in April, in the Seine basin.
It is recorded from a number of localities throughout Germany, though occurring
apparently commonly nowhere. Its southern distribution seems to be limited by the
Austrian mountain ranges, whence it is recorded by Sturm in his original description
(“ Deutschlands Insecten,” 1815), and Dr. Seidlitz mentions Transsylvania. It is
included in Thomson’s ‘“‘Skandinaviens Coleoptera,” but does not probably occur
much further north than the Riga district. The three specimens of this species
(females) in the British Museum have the margins of the thorax red; they were
taken at Stettin, and acquired in the collection of the late Herr Braasche in Octo-
ber, 1857.,—CLaupE Mortey, Ipswich: March, 1898.
* “Captain ericeto dicto Martlesham Heath, juxta Woodbridge, in Suffolcia, Septembre
ineunto, 1797, D. Kirby.” —Marsham.
+ Dr. Seidlitz (Fauna Baltica; die Kaefer, 1891) says :—Frélichii, Sturm., = segnis, Dej., =
tardus, Bedel; und adds, ‘‘ Panzers Beschreibuug u. Abbildung des C. tardus giebt durchaus
keinen Anlass ihn auf Frélichii anstatt auf die bisher von allen Autoren als tardus, Pz., beschrie-
bene Art zu beziehen.
86 (April,
Micro-Lepidoptera in Cumberland.—Crambus sylvellus (adipellus).—Not un-
common on very wet and boggy heath ground at Bolton Fell on June 26th. They
were flying among thousands of Pleurota bicostella, and were difficult to separate
from that species while on the wing. Two specimens came, later, to our sugar. The
ground which it frequented was so wet as to be difficult to travel over.
Eudorea truncicolella.—In woods. £. muralisand HL. crategella.—Not common.
Cryptoblabes bistriga.—A single specimen beaten out of birch in a large wood.
Peronea mixtana.—On the heaths.
Sciaphila conspersana, Dougl.—We took over twenty specimens on July 17th
in a corner of a large damp meadow, bordered by woods ; they appeared to frequent
black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), for wherever that plant was thickest the moth
was most readily disturbed. A few were beaten out of birch trees along the edge
of the woods. 8S. hybridana.—Found in the same woods.
Penthina marginana.—Once taken in one of our woods, but locality uncertain. |
Sericoris conchana.—In marshy meadows. 8S. micana.—This species used to be
taken by the old collectors many years ago, but for the last ten years had not been
seen until last year, when Mr. Day and I found it in profusion, in one corner only,
of a meadow which was sheltered by a wood. It was flying among various grasses,
black knapweed, yellow rattle, and scabious ; the females seemed to outnumber the
males.
Phoxopteryx Mitterbacheriana, P. uncana, P. biarcuana.—Found in various
places on the hills.
Mizxodia rubiginosana.—Beaten singly from fir, in May, in two of our larger
woods. ,
Phleodes tetraquetrana.—In woods. P. immundana.—In damp spots among
alder.
Grapholitha trimaculana.—Very few taken, and these all on walls in the town ;
one is an exceedingly fine dark variety.
' Carpocapsa splendana.—in oak woods.
Halonota scutulana.—In marshy meadows.
Retinia pinivorana.—Among fir trees in various woods.
Stigmonota dorsana.—Four beautiful specimens of this rare species were taken
on May 28rd, flying among rough herbage on a railway embankment. S. internana.
—Six specimens were taken early in May, flying in the sunshine over furze bushes ;
with them was one specimen of S. coniferana, and another was beaten out of fir on
May 20th. S. nitidana.—Also in woods.
Coccyx splendidulana.—Also in woods.
Heusimene fimbriana.—One specimen only, beaten out of oak.
Dicrorampha herbosana.—Very{common among furze bushes.
Lobesia permiztana (reliquana).—In woods.
Eupecilia ciliella.—Common, (flying among heather and coarse grasses, at the
end of April and in May.
Scardia arcella.—A single specimen beaten out of hazel.
Tinea misella.—Very common in a stable in the town, where it appears to feed
on the horse-corn, consisting of crushed oats, beans, peas, &c. 7’. fuscipunctella, T.
biselliella, in houses. :
Swammerdamia griseocapitella, S. pyrella.—In woods.
1398. ] 87
Adela rufimitrella.—About a dozen specimens seen sitting on flowers of ladies’
smock (Cardamine pratensis) in a reedy, marshy place.
Cerostoma vittella.—Among elms close to the town.
Harpella scabrella.—In woods, among crab.
Gelechia ethiops.—On open heaths, May 15th. G. notatella, G. sororculella,
G. politella.—In marshy meadows and heaths surrounded by woods. G. viscariella.
—Three specimens taken from a bed of nettles. G. desertella.—On the sea coast.
G. ericinella.—On open heaths. G. dodecella.—among fir in the woods.
Anarsia spartiella.—On heaths among the woodlands.
Gecophora fuscescens.—In the town, not common.
Gracilaria elongella, var. stramineella.—Varies much and into beautiful forms ;
not uncommon among birch in damp woods. G. tringipennella.—less common.
Ornix Loganella.—Common in woods among mountain ash.
Ocnerostoma piniariella.—Common among fir.
Batraechedra preangusta.—In profusion upon two sallow trees, sitting among
the lichen on their trunks.
Cedestis farinatella._-Common among fir.
Laverna atra.—Common in hedges.
Elachista apicipunctella.—Common in damp woods. J. atricomella, H. zonar-
iella, E. ochreella.— Less common in similar woods
Nepticula argentipedella, N. eneofasciella.—Also in the woods.
Wicropteryx semipurpurella, M. purpurella, M. unimaculella.—Common in
extensive woods and heaths among birch. MU. Sparmannellan—Much less frequent.
Eriocephala Allionella.—In moist woods and meadows. LL. calthella.—Com-
mon in mosses.—G. WILKINSON, 18, Hast Norfolk Street, Denton Holme, Carlisle :
March 7th, 1898.
Deilephila galii bred by forcing.—1 succeeded in forcing out a perfect speci-
men of Deilephila galii from pupa, the larva recorded last summer (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. xxxili, p. 212). It emerged on’ December 8th. My previous attempts at
forcing had failed, so I was somewhat surprised! Sand seems to be the best medium,
as it lets off excess of water yet is porous for moisture from below.—C. F. Brn-
THALL, Cofton Vicarage, Starcross, Devon: March, 1898.
Polyommatus Alexis (?) in February.—On Tuesday of last week (tle 15th inst.)
a blue butterfly was seen by my son in the grounds of Dover College, where it
settled for an instant upon the ground near him. He did not know the species, but
from its resting thus I should not think it to be Polyommatus Argiolus, but a pre-
maturely emerged P. Alexis, the larva of which must have fed up instead of hiber-
nating during this extraordinarily mild winter.—SyDNEY WEBB, Dover: February
22nd, 1898.
Bembidium punctulatum, Drap., in the Lea Valley.—Canon Fowler (Col. Brit.
Islands, i, p. 119) records this species as “rare in the London district,” and gives
three localities in Surrey in which it has been taken. I am pleased to be able to add
a uew locality for it on the northern side of the metropolis, as on February 6th last
88 (April,
I found a single specimen at the base of a willow at Chingford Ferry, Lea Valley.
I have since searched in vain for further examples in this spot, but I do not despair
of being able to turn up the species elsewhere in the Valley. The individual agrees
with others sent me by Mr. J. H. Keys of Plymouth.—F. B. Jennina@s, 152, Silver
Street, Upper Edmonton: March 19th, 1898.
An additional character in the male of Homalota marcida, Hr.—An apparently
overlooked and good distinguishing character is to be found in the male of this
species. In this sex the head is furnished in the centre between the eyes with a
small but distinct shining tubercle, which appears somewhat keel-shaped, and varies
slightly in size in different specimens, but is always sufficiently distinct to be easily
observed with a Coddington lens. A structural development of this nature on the
head would appear to be decidedly unusual among the Aleocharine at all events.
I can find no reference to this sexual peculiarity of H. marcida in Canon Fowler’s
British Coleoptera, nor in the Genera et Species Staphylinorum (Erichson), or the
Coléoptéres de France (Brévipennes) (Mulsant and Rey); the last mentioned
authors remark upon and figure the thickening of the third joint of the antenne,
which is a further distinguishing mark of the male of this species.—H. G@rorGE
Eriiman, Chesham, Bucks: March 11th, 1898.
A new way of packing Coleoptera sent long distances.—To save damage to
specimens when sent long distances by post, or otherwise, careful packing is of course
always necessary, and the following method having been suggested to me, and found
to work well in practice, I think the description may be of use. The specimens are
placed unmounted in a tin, one on the other till it is full, and then melted best
paraffine wax poured in till it covers all the beetles. On receipt warm the tin till
the wax becomes fluid, drain the insects on blotting paper, and remove any of the
‘superfluous wax with a camel’s hair pencil well moistened in spirit of chloroform.
Hairy specimens had better be soaked in ether instead of brushing with chloroform,
and dried ina draught. Whether the method of packing in wax would be applica-
ble to the tropics depends upon the sample employed, as the melting point varies
(I believe) from 110° to 145° Fahr.—T. A. GuraLp SrrickLanp, 28, Elm Park
Gardens, 8S.W.: February, 1898.
[In reply to doubts expressed by us as to the feasibility of subjecting hairy
beetles to this method, Mr. Strickland has sent us a Cockchafer treated by it. The
result is fairly satisfactory, but the pilosity on the sternum is somewhat “laid.”—
Eps. ].
Oxycera dives, Loew, at Rannoch, and notes on the genus.—I was fortunate
enough to take a specimen of this large dark winged fly at Rannoch on June 18th,
1896. It has been seen by Mr. Austen, who thinks it is probably referable to this
species. Walker records a specimen in the collection of the Entomological Club,
but gives no locality.
The species of Oxycera appear to fall naturally into four sections, thus—
Females with yellow stripes on the thorax—rara, pardalina, formosa, &e.
Females with yellow spots on the head—Morrissti, longicornis, &c.
1898.7 89
Both sexes of the same colour—analis, terminata, &c.
Females with yellow collars—trilineata, muscaria, &c.
This was my father’s favourite genus, and he took all the recorded species at
Glanvilles Wootton, except dives and Falleni.—C. W. Datz, Glanvilles Wootton :
January 5th, 1898.
Injury to cloth by Sirex juvencus.—I was told the other day by a tweed mer-
chant that he had had some cloth destroyed by a new insect pest, so voracious as to
eat the very boards on which the cloth was rolled. I called at the warehouse and
was shown about six yards of cloth pierced with two parallel rows of round holes.
I did not see the flies at the time, but have had two sent me since. An examination
of the board, which is of fir and much worm eaten, shows that they have emerged
from the board, and that the destruction of the cloth is merely the result of their en-
deavour to escape, in accomplishing which the smaller fly had pierced twelve and
the other no less than fifteen plies, or more than an inch in thickness of solid cloth.
—W. Grant GururRie, 6, Lockhart Place, Hawick, N.B.: February, 1898.
[The two flies are males of Sirex juvencus, one of them of remarkably small
8ize.—EDs. ].
Sovteties.
BIRMINGHAM ENtomonoagicaL Society: February Vth, 1898. — ANNUAL
Meetine.—Mr. G. T. Bernune-Baxer, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
The Annual Reports of the Council, Treasurer, and Librarian were received,
and the Officers and Council elected. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker being re-elected
President ; Mr. P. W. Abbott, Vice-President ; Mr. R. C. Bradley, Treasurer; Mr.
A. H. Martineau, Librarian ; and Mr. C. J. Wainwright, Hon. Secretary.
Mr. P. W. Abbott showed Hemerophila abruptaria, one of the ordinary pale
form, from Sutton, and a short series from North London, all more or less dark ;
one of these latter was caught on the door of a coal cellar, and was very dark, quite
evenly suffused with dark umber, with the black transverse lines distinct, and some
of the pale lines showing, also the thorax remained pale; the remainder were bred
by Mr. W. A. Southey, and one of them was quite as dark as the caught one, the
rest showing the usual arrangement of colours and markings, but the ground-colour
was throughout darker. Mr. R. C. Bradley showed Diodontus tristis (1 g and 2 2);
1 Pemphredon lethifer, 8; 1 Psen pallipes, 9; and 1 Sphecodes pilifrons, 3; all
from Sutton, 1897.—Corpran J. Wainwricut, Hon. Secretary.
THe SourH Lonpon EntomMonoeicaL and Naturan History Society:
January 13th, 1897.—Mr. R. AKIN, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Mansbridge exhibited a photograph of an ash and an elm tree, taken in
winter, to show the destructive character of their branching. Mr. Adkin, minor
varieties of Pararge Megera, and contributed notes thereon. Mr. W. G. Pearce
brought a series of very dark Hemerophila abruptaria, bred from ova laid by a
female captured in north London. The Secretary read a paper communicated by
H
90 [April,
Prof. A. Radcliffe Grote, A.M., entitled, “ The wing and larval characters of the
Emperor Moths,” and exhibited the following species in illustration :—Saturnia
pavonia, Aglia tau, Automeris Io, Hemileuca Maia, Citheronia imperialis, and
Attacus speculifer, kindly lent by Mr. C. G. Barrett.
January 27th—AnnuaL Mrrtine.—The President in the Chair. '
Reports of the satisfactory condition of the Society were read from the Council
and Treasurer. The balance was somewhat smaller than usual, owing to the first
part of the 1897 Proceedings being printed in the current year. The following
Officers and Council were then elected:—President, J. W. Tutt, F.H.S.; Vice-
Presidents, R. Adkin, F.E.S., W. Mansbridge, F.E.S.; Treasurer, T. W. Hall,
F.E.S.; Librarian, H. A. Sauzé; Curator, W. West; Hon. Secretaries, Stanley
Edwards, F.L.S., H. J. Turner, F.E.S.; Council, T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.ES.,
F. Clark, A. W. Dennis, A. Harrison, F.E.S., F.C.S., W. J. Lucas, B.A., R.
South, F.E.S., H. Tunaley, F.H.S. The retiring President then read his Address:
he dealt at length with matters concerning the well-being of the Society, summarized
the entomological work of the past year, referred in detail to the more important
works which had recently been published, and then passed on to a general con-
sideration of the bearing of the theory of evolution on our views of nature. Mr.
Lucas exhibited a specimen of the earwig, Forficula Lesnei, taken at Reigate in
October, 1897, by Mr. West (Greenwich), of which only two specimens had
previously been recorded in Britain, and contributed notes on its structure, habits,
and occurrence.
February 10th.—Mr. J. W. Tutt, F.H.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. H. J. Crow, of Brixton, and Mr. E. R. Hillsworth, of Stratford, were
elected Members. j
It was announced that Mr. Mansbridge had resigned, owing to his leaving
England, and that Mr. Tunaley, F.E.S., had been chosen to fill the vacancy as Vice-
President, and that Mr. H. Moore had been elected on the Council. Mr. McArthur
exhibited under-side varieties of Polyommatus bellargus and P. Corydon, the latter
being almost devoid of ocelli. Mr. Dennis, three parts grown larve of Callimorpha
Hera, from ova sent by Mr. Tutt while collecting in the Alps in 1897. They
had fed all the winter. Mr. Tunaley, long bred series of Retinia resinella
from Aviemore. Mr. Routledge, a variety of Hnodia hyperanthus from Carlisle,
having a broad whitish submarginal band on the under-sides of the hind-wing,
embracing the ocelli,and also two females of Acosmetia caliginosa taken in the same
locality by Mr. Day. Mr. Lucas, imagines and living nymphs of Calopteryx
splendens from Fleet, and contributed notes on the specific characters and habits of
the nymphs. Mr. Adkin, specimens of Dianthecia luteago, v. Barrettii, from
Howth. Major Ficklin, the same species taken in Cornwall, and which form Mr.
Tutt had named v. Ficklini. Mr. Tutt, on behaif of Rev. F. E. Lowe, of Guernsey,
a third form, bred from pupa, taken under Silene maritima, and which he had
named v. Lowe?. A considerable discussion ensued on the singular variation shown
in this species, practically invariable in the same locality, but each locality possessing
a distinct race. Mr. Tutt also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Lowe, a fine aberration
of Melanippe sociata, in which the central band of the wings was almost completely
obliterated ; and, on behalf of Mr. Pearce, of Hackney, all the melanie specimens
1898. | 91
of Hemerophila abruptaria bred by him during the last three years, some dozens,
including extremes and intermediates, and one partially gynandrous.—H. J. TURNER,
Hon. Secretary.
Entomotogicat Society oF Lonpon: February 16th, 1898.—Mr. G. H.
VERRALL, Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited specimens of Zsodermus Gayi, Spin., from the
Straits of Magellan, and J. planus, Er., from Tasmania, both found by Mr. J. J.
Walker. The genus Jsodermus, belonging to the Aradide, afforded an interesting
case of geographical distribution, the only known species occurring in Chili, Australia,
and Tasmania. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse referred to the similar distribution of other
species of insects, which went to support the theory of a former connection between
South America and Australia. Mr. Champion also showed an example of Bagous
lutosus, Gyll., from Sweden. This insect had been on the British list singe the time
of Stephens, but possibly in error, as all the examples he had seen in collections
were wrongly so named. Mr. Jacoby exhibited a pair of the singular weevil,
Apoderus tenuissimus, Pasc., from the Philippines. Mr. Burr, species of Orthoptera,
of the family Humastacide, resembling dead leaves. This was the only family of
Acrydiide in which such resemblances were found. Dr. Chapman, a specimen of
Zygena exulans with six wings, the supernumerary pair arising between the normal
left fore-wing and the corresponding leg on the same side. The uppermost wing
appeared normal in every respect, the second was a reduced copy of the basal half
of a fore-wing, and the third a portion of crumpled wing-structure. Mr. O. E..
Janson, a pale variety of the rare Papilio mikado taken in south Japan. Mr. Tutt,
a variety of Hnodia hyperanthus taken by Mr. F. H. Day near Carlisle, and banded
on the under-side like a Cenonympha; alsotwo moths from the same neighbourhood,
which, after careful comparison, he regarded as females of Hydrilla palustris. This
sex was almost or quite undiscovered in Great Britain, and the occurrence of the
species so far from the fen district was remarkable. Mr. H. J. Elwes read a paper,
entitled, “ A Further Revision of the Genus Hrebia,’ which was illustrated by the
exhibition of examples of every known species. Tracing the geographical distri-
bution, he stated that the principal European centres of the genus were the Pyrenees,
and especially the Alps, only a few forms occurring in Scandinavia, while the Ural
Mountains and Caucasus were almost destitute of species. The genus became
abundant in E. Siberia, from which region a few N. American forms appeared to
have been derived. Dr. Chapman also read a paper “On the Species of the Genus
Erebia, a Revision based on the male Appendages,” illustrated with drawings of
these organs in about sixty species. In connection with the above papers, Mr. Tutt
exhibited and made remarks on long series of Hrebia Nerine, E. glacialis, EH.
Euryale, BE. ligea, &c., chiefly from the Alps.—W. F. H. Buanprorp and F.
MeERRIFIELD, Hon. Secretaries.
March 2nd, 1898.—Mr. G. H. Verrat, Vice-President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Fellows of the Society :—Miss Margaret Fountaine,
7, Lansdowne Place, Bath; Mr. J. H. Carpenter, Shirley, St. James’s Road, Sutton,
Surrey; Mr. G. O. Day, Parr’s Bank House, Knutsford; Mr. F. E. Filer, 58,
Southwark Bridge Road, 8.E.; Mr. R. Hamlyn Harris, The Conifers, Hambrook,
H 2
92 (April,
Bristol; Mr. E. J. Lewis, 4, Elwick Road, Ashford; Mr. T. Maddison, South
Bailey, Durham ; Mr. W. EH. Mousley, Orchard House, Mundesley ; and Prof. Enzio
Reuter, Helsingfors, Finland.
Lord Walsingham exhibited a series of the larger and more striking species of
Xylorycting, a sub-family of the Gelechiide, especially characteristic of the Austra-
lian fauna. The series illustrated the life-histories and the great disparity in colour
and form between the sexes of many species. He also gave an account of the family,
chiefly from notes by Mr. Dodd, of Queensland, with especial reference to the habits
of the larve, which live in holes in tree-trunks, to which they drag leaves in the
night for the next day’s consumption. Mr. Gahan, a locust, Acrydium egyptium
(= tartaricum), taken in a house in Hanover Square, and probably imported in
vegetables. Mr. Kirkaldy, species of water-bugs, including Hnicocephalus culicis
and Gerris robustus, both taken for the first time in Mexico. A discussion arose on
the reported occurrence of the San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus, in Great
Britain. Mr. R. Newstead stated that during nine years’ work on Coccida, he had
never once met with this species among scale-insects taken in this country and sent -
to him for identification. It was impossible even for an expert to distinguish it,
without careful microscopical preparation and examination, from among the thirty
or more known species of Aspidiotus, and any attempt to identify it on imported
fruit by naked-eye observation, or with a hand-lens, was, therefore, quite imprac-
ticable. The risk of its distribution by being imported on fruit was small; there
was, however, much more likelihood of its introduction on plants. At the same
time, he saw no reason to suppose that it would be more injurious in this country
than the common Mytilaspis pomorum ; in America the San José scale had several
generations in the year, sometimes as many as five, but in this country it would
probably conform with the habits of all other scale-insects at present investigated,
and become single-brooded.—W. F. H. BuanprorD, Hon. Secretary.
OBSERVATIONS ON COCCID# (No. 1%).
BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,
CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER.
GYMNASPIS, n. g.
? puparium without larval exuvie or secretion; composed en-
tirely of the naked moulted skin of the second stage 9. @ puparium
with larval exuvie and secretionary margin as in Aonidia.
GYMNASPIS ECHMEA, n. sp.
puparium composed entirely of the naked moulted skin of the 2nd stage 2,
which completely envelopes the adult insect, as in Aonidia and Fiormia; high
convex, more or less circular, anal extremity usually pointed ; margins produced and
convex, entire, or constricted at the spiracles; the constrictions irregular and fre-
quently assymetrical ; irregularly and widely punctate ; shining bronzy-black, opaque,
very strong; the ventral surface as much so as the dorsal. The ventral surface is
usually covered with a delicate white secretion, which bears impressions of the leaf-
structure, and sometimes projects a little beyond the margin of the puparium.
Diam., ‘60-90 mm.
1898.] 93
? adult probably vivipa-
rous ; approximately circu-
lar, flat beneath, convex
above, margins flat and thin,
forming a flange except at
/ ; the anal extremity. Colour,
7
Hetto acl Ula
i
Fig. 1. blunt spines. Pygidium
dull purple,with dusky white
margins. Rudimentary an-
tenne usually with three
(fig. 1) without cireumgenital glands ; vaginal opening, and anus opposite; margin
with a series of projecting tubercles or extensions of the body wall, and a few short
spines. And there are a few very slender tubular spinnerets arising from the extreme
margin.
Puparium of second stage of 2 purplish-brown, circular, with a broad marginal
secretion ; larval exuvie central, naked, black or bronzy-black. Diam., -50 mm.
Larva comparatively large, short-ovate, pale mauve; eyes black. Antenne of
five joints. Pygidium with two pairs of lobes; median lobe largest, and notched
towards their distal extremity. There is a pair of broad, deeply fringed plates
between the median lobes ; and one of the same character between the median and
second pair of lobes; and two others beyond them, the last being much the
smallest, often taking the form of a series of simple plates.
Hab.: on Aichmea aquilega, Roya) Gardens, Kew, April 24th,
1897.
Mr. Green has included in the genus Aonidia his A. bullata, an
insect which resembles my own in the character of the ? puparium ;
but it is anomalous in the genus, and should, I think, be removed.*
In all other known species of Aonidia, the larval moult, and a
varying quantity of secretionary matter forms part of the puparium.
Gymnaspis is distinguished by the absence of both.
ASPIDIOTUS BRITANNICUS, 7. sp.
Aspidiotus hedere, Newstead, Ent. Mo. Mag. (1896), p. 279, nec Vallot.
Puparium of adult ? circular, or approximately so, moderately convex. Colour,
dusky ochreous, with a broad smoky-brown central zone. Exuvie central, or a little
to one side ; those of the larva dark yellow or dull orange, secretionary covering very
thin. Second secretionary covering smoky-brown. Diam., °75-2 mm.
Adult ? translucent yellow, short-ovate ; with distinct segmentation. Pygidium
(fig. 2) with four or five groups of circumgenital glands; the anterior group
(rarely present) consists of 2-3, the anterior laterals from 7-10, the posterior late-
rals from 7-8. Vaginal opening a little cephalad of the centre. Subdorsal groups
* Under date December 12th, 1897, Mr. Green writes—‘“‘ there are certainly good grounds for
separating Aonidia bullata from that genus, now that we have a second species to go with it.”
94 [April,
of tubular spinnerets long,
the longest extending almost
to the base of the pygidium,
connecting pores towards the
margin on both dorsal and
ventral surface. Margin of
pygidium with three pairs
of well developed and
widely separated lobes; the
median and second pairs sub-
equal, are deeply notched, or
Fig. 2. emarginate at the extremity
of the margins; third pair smallest. Plates comparatively short; median, second
and third pairs narrow, with one to three apical divisions. The position of the spines
are indicated in the figure.
Puparium of the ¢ similar to that of the second stage ? ; more or less circular,
contracted forms elongate or widely ovate. Colour, bright pale fulvous; larval
exuvie central, usually bright orange-ochreous; secretionary covering thin, smooth
and transparent. Diam., 1 mm.
Hab.: on holly (Ilex aquifolium, L.) at Teddington, near London.
This is the species which was provisionally recorded (Ent. Mo.
Mag., 1896, p. 279) under the name of <Aspidiotus hedere, Vall. As
the latter is now considered a var. of A. nerii, Bouché, the Teddington
insect appears to be an undescribed one, and quite distinct.
I am indebted to Mr. K. McLachlan for the liberal supply of
specimens.
MytinasPis citricona, Packard.
On Citrus ; Lekie Lagos, 1897.
Received from Major Ewart. I believe this and the following
species have not previously been recorded from the West Coast of
Africa. The scales almost covered the small branches which were
sent to me; judging from this I should imagine the insects to be in-
jurious to the trees.
IscHNASPIS FILIFORMIS, Douglas.
Abundant on stems of coffee; Lekie Lagos.
Received from Major Ewart. The scales looked remarkably like
small, narrow, black scars or dead stomata.
CEROPLASTES PERSONATUS, 7. Sp.
Waxy covering of adult ? dirty white, much stained with rusty-brown; the
1898.] 95
lateral plates (six in number) are flat, and slightly reflexed at the extremities; an-
terior pair short and broad, lateral pair largest, posterior pair much the smallest. I
can find no trace of neuclei in the plates, but there is a single neucleus on the low
convex dorsum. Long, 3 mm.; wide, 3:50 mm.
Adult 2 short-ovate ; derm, after treatment with potash, transparent, is thickly
set with triangular spinnerets, bearing markings
which give them the appearance of miniature gro-
tesque masks (fig. 4); there are also many small
circular spinnerets. Antenne (fig. 3) of six joints ;
the third joint very long, forms nearly one-half of the
whole antenne; formala 3216 (45). Legs ordinary.
Rostral filaments short. Anal dorsal lobes flat and
triangular, as in Lecanium; apex with a single short
hair, and just within the apex a very longone. Anal
ring with six long stout hairs. Stigmatic area (fig. 5)
above with a large, blunt, bidentate spine; extreme
margin with a series of short spines; and on the
ventral area a group of spinnerets extending to the
spiracles. Long, 2 mm.; wide, 1°25 mm.
Hab.: Lagos, West Africa. Collected
by Mr. Cyril Punch and kindly forwarded to nee
me from Kew by Mr. W. F. H. Blandford. Fig.3, Fig.4. Fig. 5.
Mr. Punch says the insect is “not very prevalent; nor does it
increase greatly as the Lecaniwm and *Pseudococcus. Mostly attaches
itself to the midribs and secondary nerves on the upper surface of the
leaves. Its presence is accompanied by some Triphosphorum? on the
leaves, but not in damaging quantities. Ants do not affect its com-
pany ; trees do not suffer apparent weakening from its presence. Also
seen in Liberia.”
The 9 of this species may be readily distinguished by the flat
form of the waxy covering ; by the large, bidentate, stigmatic spine ;
and the curious mask-like spinnerets. Only two examples were sent ;
but the characters are so well marked that I do not think I have erred
in describing it as new.
LECANIUM VIRIDE, Green.
var. africanum, 0. var.
9 adult differing from the type in having very broad, unequal digitules to the
claw, and eight jointed antenne, of which the third is the longest. Mr. Cyril Punch,
who collected the specimens, says the insect is “green in colour,” and that it isa
“blight which does considerable damage all the year round.”
* Mr. Punch probably rofers to Dactylopius longispinus.
96 [April, 1898.
Hab.: Lagos, West Africa, on coffee
leaves; 1897. Forwarded with the preceding
by Mr. Blandford.
Unfortunately only three specimens were
sent to me, but these show a decided departure
from typical Z. viride as described by the
author (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1889, p. 248), and may
prove a distinct species, but until more adequate
material comes to hand I have considered it
advisable to place it asa var. In the margin
are given a figure of the antenne (6), the
tarsus showing the character of the digitules
(fig. 7), and one of the marginal hairs (fig. 8).
Ertococcts GREENI, 7. sp.
Sac of adult ? not separable from Z. insignis,
Newst. Adult 9 elongate. Derm thickly set with
large, sharp spines, but more especially so at the
margins; interspersed with them are an almost equal
number of long, fine hairs, and large simple spin-
nerets. Anal lobes normal, with 3-4 spines, and the
terminal setze, which equal in length the tibia and
tarsus together. Antenne (fig. 9) of six joints, of
which the third is much the longest ; formula 3126
(45). Legs with a few spinose hairs; posterior pair
longest, digitules long and slender. Anal ring with
eight long hairs; intervening spaces of the ring with
large circular convex discs.
Long, 2°50 mm.; wide, 1:20 mm.
Fig. 9. Fig. 10.
Hab. : on grass, at Budleigh Salterton, Devon; Sept. 20th, 1896.
Discovered by Mr. E. Ernest Green, to whom I have great
pleasure in dedicating the species.
The character of the antenne is almost identical with that of
E. insignis, but easily separable from the latter by the spinose charac-
ter of the dermis.
RIPERSIA FILICICOLA, 7. sp.
? adult rather short ovate ; pale ochreous-yellow, or red-pink ; almost covered
with white secretion, which forms broad irregular plates on the abdominal segments,
but on the anterior portion of the body it is confluent and narrow, but presenting
MAY 24 1898
May, 1898.) O7
always a broken, jagged edge; the caudal appendages are about three times the
length of the marginal plates, and rather stout. Derm thickly set with short
tubular spinnerets, more numerous at the extremities and the margins. Space be-
tween the antenne with many very long hairs, and at the margin two groups of
short, stout spines. There is also a group of spines at the margin of each segment.
Anal lobes rather strongly chitinized, bear several spines, 2-3 short hairs and one
very long one, and tubular spinnerets. Anal ring with six hairs, slightly longer than
the caudal sete ; both margins of the ring with cell-shaped pores, similar to those
in Dactylopius longifilis, T. T. Antenne (fig. 10) of six joints, of which the sixth
and third are longest ; formula 6321 (45). Legs are without clubbed hairs to the
tarsi and claws; hair on coxa apical is nearly as long as the femur. Mentum bi-
articulate, attenuated, apical joint twice the length of the first, has many fine hairs
at apex and margins; filaments a little longer than the mentum. Long, 1-10 mm.
Immediately prior to the formation of the sac the 2 secretes a quantity of long,
straight, glassy, irridescent filaments, which radiate from the margin, but are not
attached to the body. ‘These filaments are very characteristic and beautiful objects
under the microscope. Sac of the 2 narrowly elongate and attenuated at the ex-
tremities, is composed of a rather loose but toughish fibre, somewhat resembling the
silken cocoon of Cemiostoma laburnella. In the old weathered sacs the iridescence
disappears, leaving the filaments a delicate pale blue. Long, 2~2°50 mm.
Sae of the ¢ similar to that of the 2, but much smaller.
Pupa yellowish-pink or bright flesh colour; it is semiactive and shaped as in
Dactylopius citri. Wing cases long, and extending to first abdominal segment.
Hab.: on fronds of TLrichomanes spicatum, a West Indian filmy
fern. Received from the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew; Janu-
ary 27th, 1897.
The species may be recognised at a glance by the iridescent
filaments which surround the sac.
I found a portion of a male, which unfortunately was much too
imperfect to serve any scientific purpose. This is to be regretted, as
we know so little of the J of this genus. But, judging from the
character of the pupa, I am convinced this insect is much more closely
allied to Dactylopius than is Ripersia fraxini, Newst. In the latter
the pupa is quite of a different form and absolutely inactive; and the
larva is abnormal in the genus. I think, therefore, this insect may
form the type of a new sub-genus under the name of Apterococcus.
I shall state my reason for doing so in a later communication.
RIpERSIA MONTANA, 2, Sp.
2 adult elongate-ovate. Antenne (figs. 11,12) stout, of six or seven joints
(usually six) ; all with many short, stiff hairs; the formula for the six-jointed ex-
amples is 6321 (45), for the seven-jointed 721 (346) 5. In fig. 2 the hairs are broken
away. Mentum biarticulate, apex widely rounded, bears a few fine hairs; filaments
I
9§ (May,
a little longer than the mentum. Legs stout, and
longer than the antenne ; digitules of the tarsi very
slightly dilated, those of the claw more strongly so.
Anal ring of six hairs, which are about half the
length of the long caudal sete. Dermis (fig. 13)
thickly set with tubular spinnerets, having compound
orifices, which are smaller and concentrated at the
marginal hairs near the posterior extremity of the
body; there are aiso numerous hairs of varying
length. Long, 2°75-3 mm.; wide, 1:25-1°75 mm.
Sac of the adult 2 composed of a thick white
felting ; is of a more or less globular form, but fre-
quently much distorted by contact with the roots
Fig.l. Fig.12, Fig. 13, ~~ and stems of its habitat.
Longest axis, 4-5 mm.; narrowest, 2 mm.
Hab.: on roots of grass and composites; Argentieres, Haute
Savoie, at 5000 feet; August, 1897. Collected by Mr. Brockton
Tomlin, to whom IJ am indebted for the specimens.
In its large size and the character of the ovisac the species re-
sembles FR. Tomlinii, Newst.; but is distinguished by its stronger
antenne and legs, and by the numerous spinnerets and hairs on the
dermis. The specimens examined were all old adults, I cannot,
therefore, account for the variation in the number of antennal joints.
DactTYLopius LoneiFiLis, T.-T.
The Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, has kindly forwarded
to me a quantity of coffee leaves and stems infested with this pest,
together with the following extract from a letter addressed to him
from Mr. A. Whyte, British Central African Administration, dated
April 26th, 1897:—“I am sending you by this mail a small tin
containing coffee leaves affected with the white bug, which has
been very destructive to coffee this season wherever it appears,
the branches get perfectly covered with it, and the leaves and berries
fall off. What has been done by Mr. Mallock on Buchanan’s Estates
here is to cut the tree (which is not actually killed) down to within a
short distance of the root, stump it in fact, carefully collecting and
burning the affected leaves and branches, and burying the bugs which
may have dropped off during the process. By this means it is checked,
but at a great sacrifice, large black patches appearing here and there
in what was formerly a fine regular plantation. New suckers are soon
thrown up from the stump, and the one selected for the future tree,
generally under such circumstances, gives a crop the second year * *.”
The examples submitted to me for identification were collected at
1898. ] 99
Zomba, February 20th, 1897. In all my experience with Coccide I
never saw a species so completely infested with parasites as this;
quite 90 per cent of the females had been destroyed, and only shell-like
fragments of their bodies and the ruptured ovisacs were left. A
careful search among the débris at the bottom of the box revealed a
couple of minute Hymenopterous insects and a small brown beetle.
Whether the work of destruction can be assigned entirely to these
insects is doubtful. Judging from the ruptured ovisacs I am inclined
to think a larger insect had taken part in the work; but this could
easily be verified in the field by a careful observer. We sincerely
trust that Mr. Whyte will give this matter his attention, and be able
to clear up this important part in the economy of the pest.
Chester: November 25th, 1897.
OAK GALLS.
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.
Are small oak-trees comparatively free from gall-flies the year
following an attack; or in other words, will a small oak-tree be
attacked year after year by gall-flies P
I should like to know the opinion of readers of this Magazine
on the above subject.
From my own observations I believe spring-gall-flies will not
deposit their eggs on a small tree that had borne bud or bark galls
the previous year.
In 1896 two young oaks, grown in pots over 20 years, were
punished by my placing on them several flies of Andricus corticis,
with the result that nearly all the young shoots were occupied by
Andricus gemmatus; during the autumn after the departure of the
flies the trees appeared to have recovered, and produced a fine lot of
buds for the next year’s growth; accordingly, in the spring of 1897,
T placed on the same trees several Andricus Sieboldit ; observing these
did not take kindly to the surroundings, I placed a second lot on
them, but to my surprise not a single one attempted to deposit an
egg, neither would they remain on the trees, the only thing that both
lots did was to try to escape from their confinement, apparently trying
to avoid something very obnoxious.
Last autumn I obtained from a nursery some stunted young
oaks, and placed them in pots with a view of carrying out some gall
breeding ; these, however, had borne a few Cynips Kollari galls, and
I 2
100 (May,
to my great disappointment I found neither Andricus ostrews nor
Dryophanta longiventris would attempt to deposit eggs on them, nor
would they condescend to remain on the trees.
It appears to me that those buds which are converted into galls,
and remain on the tree some time, as well as those formed on the bark,
leave behind them something objectionable to gall-flies; but this is
certainly not the case when the galls are produced on the catkins and
leaves, which soon drop to the ground.
Dr. Adler mentions that in carrying on his experiments with
breeding gall-flies on small oak-trees in pots, he often could not
induce flies to deposit eggs; was it because the trees had borne galls
the previous year?
Stonehouse: April 7th, 1898.
DIAGNOSES OF SOME NEW ARADIDZ4.
BY E. BERGROTH, M.D.
Full descriptions of the following species will be given in
another place.
PROXIUS GYPSATUS, 7. sp.
Subovato-elongatus, castaneus, sed maxima parte crusta cretacea
obvolutus ; capite superne area triangulari caelata instructo, antennis
capite vix longioribus ; lobo antico pronoti medio caelamine antice for-
titer dilatato et in duos lobos divaricatos diviso supra basin capitis
producto instructo, lobo postico pronoti vestimento cretaceo destituto,
exceptis lateribus ex parte carinulisque nonnullis diset; caelatura
T -formi et marginibus lateralibus scutelli incrustatis.
Long., ?, 4, 3 mm.
Venezuela.
NANNIUM, x. g. :
Brachyrrhyncho affine genus, sed spiraculis, inprimis segmentorum
posticorum, ad margines laterales abdominis valde approximatis.
Species hujus generis sunt omnes minoris magnitudinis habitu sim-
ales, capite lato, antennis brevibus, harum articulo seeundo brevt,
pronoto basi subtruncato, membrana albo-livida fuscovenosa predite.
Typus: WV. parvum.
N. PARVUM, 2. sp.
Oblongum, retrorsum leviter dilatatum, fusco-nigrum, margine api-
cali segmentorum connexivi angusta rufescente ; articulo primo anten-
narum dimidio suo apicem capitis superante; lobo antico pronoti lateribus
angulato dilatato et reflexo, lobo postico crista transversa undulata
instructo. Long., ¢, 3 mm.
Venezuela.
1893.] 1OL
N. ELONGATULUM, 2%. sp.
Elongatum, precedenti colore simile, articulo primo antennarum
apicem capitis levissime superante, lobo antico pronoti lateribus haud
angulato, lobo postico crista destituto. Long., d 2,4, 2 mm.
Venezuela.
N. sUBOVATULUM, 2. sp.
Elongato-ovatum, fuscum, articulo primo antennarum apicem capitis
attingente, pronoto ut in N. elongatulo constructo. Long., 2,5 mm.
Brasilia.
ANASPIS LATIPALPIS, ScHttsky :
AN ADDITION TO THE BRITISH LIST, WITH REMARKS ON
VARIOUS OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8.
Two well-marked species have hitherto been confused under the
name Anaspis subtestacea, Steph., in my British collection; one of
these is correctly named, and the other is referable to A. latzpalpis,
Schilsky, which must therefore be added to our list. His diagnosis
[Die Kafer Europa’s, xxxi, No. 73 (1895)] applies perfectly to the
British specimens before me. It is as follows :—
A. LATIPALPIS, Schilsky.
A. elongata, sericea, testacea, oculis antennisque apice nigris, tar-
sorum articulis apice obscurioribus, thorace .subtilissime elytrisque
subtiliter transversim strigosis, illis angulis posticis acutis, antennis
gracilibus, articulis 3° et 4° equalibus, articulis 6—10 obconters, palpis
valde securiformibus, latis, elytrorum epipleuris longis. .
Long., 2°5 —3°0 mm.
Mas. : segmento abdominis 3° medio valde producto, lacinis binis
subparallelis, basi approximatis, abdominis apicem attengentibus, instructo,
segmento 4° brevissimo, simplice, 5° medio foveolato, apice leviter emar-
ginato, tarsis anticis subdilatatis, articulo 1° sequente fere duplo longiore.
The two species are apparently about equally common in Britain,
as I have specimens of A. latipalpis from Shirley, Caterham, and
Darenth Wood, and of A. subtestacea from the New Forest, Ashtead,
and Sevenoaks.
The male characters of the two insects are very different: A.
subtestacea having two widely separated lacinie at the apex of the
second ventral segment, and also lacinie at the apex of the third and
fourth segments, the fifth segment deeply cleft at the apex; the
anterior tarsi much more strongly dilated, &c. The apical joint of
102 [May,
the maxillary palpi is strongly securiform in both sexes of A. latipal-
pts, it being distinctly narrower in A. subtestacea. They have the
antenne very similarly formed ; this character separating them from
the allied A. Coste, A. maculata, &c., which have moniliform outer
joints. The intermediate tibie are sinuous on their inner edge in the
males of both species. Schilsky’s specimens were from various parts
of Germany. He notes that Emery had confused it with A. sub-
testacea.
A. SUBTESTACEA, Steph.
British examples of this species are testaceous in colour, with the
elytra fusco-testaceous, sometimes a little darker at the apex, and the
abdomen usually more or less black. Mr. Saunders possesses a single
(2?) specimen of it, from Bromley, Kent, with the base ond apex of
the elytra, and the hind coxe, blackish.
A. MacuLata, Fourecr.
I have seen two females of a dark variety of this common species,
from Ashtead and Woking, closely resembling the paler forms of A.
Geoffroyz, but separable therefrom by the moniliform outer joints of
the antenne.
A. Costm, Emery.
The insect known in British collections under the name of A.
flava, Linn., var. thoracica, Linn., is really the A. Coste of Emery and
Schilsky, and must bear that name. Schilsky’s diagnosis (Die Kafer
Kuropa’s, xxxi, No. 80) fits it exactly. It is as follows :—
A. elongata, fusca, fusco-pubescens, palpis, capite, prothorace, an-
tennarum basi pedibusque testaceis, antennarum articulis 7—10 monilt-
Sormibus (g) vel submoniliformibus (9). Long., 2‘°8—3'6 mm.
Mas.: angustior, abdominis segmento 3 medio subproducto, laciniis
duabus bast approximatis, leviter introrsum curvatis, mediwm segment
5! superantibus, 4° parum breviore, medio emarginato, appendicibus
longis, 5° apice inciso, bilobo.
He enumerates several varieties, including one with a reddish
humeral spot, the latter being not uncommon in Britain. In the
widely distributed continental A. flava, Linn., the anterior tarsi are
dilated, and the abdomen is without laciniw, with the last ventral
segment cleft, in the male sex. In A. thoracica, Linn. (= lateralis,
Thoms., and confusa, Emery), the outer joints of the antenne are
subeonic, and the abdomen in the male is furnished with lacinie.
Schilsky records A. Coste from France, Germany, Sweden, Austria,
and Italy.
1898.) 108
A. Grorrroyi, Mill.
Two forms of A. Geoffroyi, Mill., are abundant in Britain, one
with a large humeral spot on each elytron, the other with a humeral
and an apical spot on each elytron. The 4-spotted form, with the
basal and apical margins of the thorax fulvous (= subfasciata, Steph.,
and vulcania, Schilsky), is apparently rare, but I have found it at
Ashtead, Surrey. Schilsky enumerates five varieties, including one
with a fulvous thorax, and I have recently seen another, found by Mr.
Harwood near Colchester; this latter having the legs, antenne, palpi,
and body black, the elytra with only the faintest indication of a
paler humeral spot. An entirely black specimen has already been
recorded by me.*
A. Garneysi, Fowl., and A. septentrionalis, Ch., are not noticed
in any way by Schilsky ; I cannot identify either of them with any
of the numerous species so well described by him.
Horsell, Woking :
April 1st, 1898.
FURTHER NOTES ON THE DIRECT PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGEMENT
OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS,
WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW APPARATUS.
BY T. A. GERALD STRICKLAND, F.E.S.
Since writing on this subject in the April, 1897, number of the
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, I have been experimenting with
incandescent gas as an illuminant with satisfactory results. I find it
easier to light the subject evenly ; smaller insects, such as some of the
Diptera, single wings showing the nervures, &c., can be enlarged
(which is of course most useful for the illustration of books, articles,
etc.) ; and last, but not least, we are independent of daylight. I have
had an apparatus made specially for the work, which can be used with
gas, oil lamps or daylight (see diagram). It is a large instrument,
taking a plate 12 x 10 ins.,and its greatest length is 6 feet, stretch of
bellows 4 feet, focal length of lens (Ross’ Universal Sym.) 6 ins. It
is made this large size as I shall use it for many other things besides
Entomology. A good size for doing insects solely would be, greatest
length 6 feet, stretch of bellows 4 feet, and size of plate 44 x 3% ins.
(quarter plate).
I will now proceed to describe the apparatus. The numbers of
course refer to the diagram, (1) is a sheet of plate glass on which
the specimen to be photographed is fastened. A small insect is lightly
* Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 207 (1895).
1O4 [May,
stuck on the centre of the glass with some adhesive, but for larger
/T] specimens I first gum a
small (the smaller the bet-
support and pin it on that.
It must be pinned from the
back and not quite through
| otherwise the pin will show
in the enlargement and be
a decided blemish. I find
the best plan is to push the
pin through the back of
the little piece of cork till
the point protrudes a short
distance from the front,
and then press the insect
on that. The advantage
of fastening the specimen
on to a support of clear
(aaah ta, a onl
La
t
SE ————
}
= Z
OB
glass, some way in front of
1 the background (2), is that
it entirely does away with
shadow, and so saves the
trouble of blocking out the
negative as described in my
last paper. This idea is
(oN ee Ni mop, originales I saw it
Sey mentioned in Mr. Watkin’s
(of Exposure Meter fame)
little book, “ Exposure
Notes.” Dr. H. G. Knaggs
Hf also gives some instructions
as to photographing with-
¥ out shadow in the October
4 No. of the “Entomologist.”
Unique (or otherwise valu-
able) specimens that it is
not considered advisable to
~ unmount from their cards,
can be enlarged without shadow if particular care is taken as to the
arrangements of the lights.
1898.] 105
Now for the background (2). When taking insects by artificial
light the background is simply a piece of white cardboard, but for doing
transparent wings a special arrangement has to be brought into play, as
I will explain presently. (8) are incandescent gas lamps, which may be
changed to oil lamps if more convenient, though the exposure will be
much longer, the light from oil being slightly yellow, consequently
less actinic. (5) is the end of a brass tube to be joined to ordinary
india rubber gas tubing, which is connected with the nearest gas
bracket. The two tubes from the lamps are connected by a brass Y,
so that one bracket does for both lights. (4) isan archimedean screw
for fine focussing, but the front part of the camera (7), and the base
board (8) of background, &c., both move backwards and forwards by
hand for rough focussing and to get the desired amount of enlarge-
ment. (6) is the focussing screen. The lamps have reflectors that
are not shown in the diagram, as they would hide some of the details.
The way to use the instrument in daylight is somewhat different.
It is put facing a window, 7. e., the source of light is behind the back-
ground. The sheet of white cardboard (2) is left in the frame (9).
(The frame is of course grooved to enable the backgrounds to slip in
and out). The lamps are removed, and in their places are put two
small mirrors (about 8 inches in diameter) on stands facing the window.
They reflect the light on to the specimen, and the backboard being
white makes the insect stand out nicely. It is well to have the mirrors
fastened to their respective stands by a ball-and-socket joint, so as to
enable them to be arranged at any angle, something like a stand bull’s
eye condenser for a microscope. The greater the enlargement the
more difficult it is to get a nice even lighting, as the specimen has to
be so close to the objective. This difficulty is more easily overcome
by artificial light.
Of course an ordinary camera can be utilized for this kind of
thing if the bellows is of sufficient length, in conjunction with oil
lamps, by the display of a little ingenuity as explained in the April,
1897, number.
For bright and multi-coloured specimens it is necessary to use a
yellow screen and orthochromatic plates to procure the proper value
of the colours in monochrome.
Capt. Abney, R.E., F.R.S., says in one of his works:—“ The
object of orthochromatic photography is to render the image produced
on a print of the same relative luminosity that the colours in the
objects appear to the eye.” The yellow screen is a necessity, for, to
again quote Capt. Abney :—“ Orthochromatic plates, without the ex-
106 [May,
traneous aid of absorbing media, can hardly be distinguished from
negatives taken on ordinary plates. If, however, a yellow glass be
interposed between the lens and the object photographed, there is a
distinct difference in resulting negatives, even when an ordinary plate
is used.” 7
The length of exposure is of course a matter of experience and
judgment. So much depends on the colours of the insects, the amount
of enlargement, and the actinic quality of the light. A point to be
remembered is that for each diameter the object is enlarged the exposure
must be increased accordingly. A full exposure is, as a rule, advisable,
and careful development to avoid harshness.
Supposing the amount of enlargement obtained direct in the
apparatus is not considered sufficient, the film of the resulting negative
can be stripped from its support and remounted on a glass plate in a
much enlarged condition by the aid of the ‘“ Cresco-Fylma” Co.’s
enlarging solution. I find this process answers well in practice, and
the necessary density and sharpness does not seem to be reduced in
any way.
To make enlargements of wings (showing the nervures) I use no
reflectors, but simply stick the wing on the plate glass (1), and having
put in the place of the cardboard (2) a sheet of ground glass, allow
daylight (or artificial) to shine through the semi-transparent background
and the wing.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Top as. LEAL USES Wing of Chrysops cecutiens, L.
Right hand fig....... » Ascia podagrica, F.
Left hand fig. ...... » Scatopse notata, L.
Middle fig. ......... Crepidodera chloris, Foud.
(Original length of C. chloris = 4).
Bottom fig. ......... Wing of Rhaphidia maculicollis, Steph.
28, Elm Park Gardens, S.W.:
February, 1898.
RESULTS OF PROTRACTED PUPAL CONDITION IN ASPHALIA
RIDENS.
BY C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.
Some time in the autumn or winter of 1895 a friend sent me a
dozen or more pupe of this species in their neatly constructed cocoons
of silk and moss; but the following spring brought something of dis-
appointment, since only two or three moths emerged, and these of the
1898.] 107
most ordinary type. There seemed to be reason to hope that the
remainder of the pupz were living, and they remained where I had
previously kept them—against the north wall of the house—a suffici-
ently cool place. The next spring (April, 1897) half a dozen more
moths emerged, every one of them handsome and of fuller deep
green, black, and brown-black colouring. Still there appeared to be
living pup, and they were left undisturbed, with the result that
within the last few days have appeared three specimens much darker,
jet-black mixed with green-black, and except the green indented
transverse lines, with very little paler colour about them, I think
among the handsomest I have ever seen. This seems to be a striking
instance of intensifying of colour in accordance with duration of the
pupal stage.
39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. :
April 8th, 1898.
TWO NEW HYDROPTILIDH FROM SCOTLAND AND ALGERIA
RESPECTIVELY.
BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.
Since the summer of 1896 I have had in MS. the description of
a new Hydroptilid, taken by Mr. J. J. F. X. King and myself near
Aviemore in that year. It seems undesirable to delay its publication
longer.
At the same time I give a description of another new species
taken by Mr. Eaton in Algeria. This species forms part of a further
collection of these insects sent by Mr. McLachlan, and containing
additional examples of several of the species mentioned at p. 102 (2),
vol. vii, but apparently nothing else new, although one or two isolated
females remain doubtful.
HYDROPTILA SYLVESTRIS, 7. sp.
Antenne variable, usually pale, with a long median and a shorter subapical
fuscous space. Vertex densely clothed with yellowish-white hairs. Legs testaceous,
with pale pubescence ; posterior legs with long, silky, greyish fringes. Fore-wings
blackish (probably becoming, as in other species, brownish with age), with yellowish-
white hairs, which are partly grouped into vague interrupted fascize, median, sub-
apical and apical, the interruption of the apical fascia forming a strongly marked
black pencil at the extreme tip of the wings; anterior fringes dense and black, save
where interrupted by the pale fasci#; posterior fringes long, iridescent, dark grey
interrupted with white. Posterior wings grey, iridescent, with concolorous fringes.
108 TMay,
In'the $ those appendages that are
visible consist of three pairs: the su-
| perior are large, flat, turned inwards,
== | and touching or crossing each other ati
their rounded tips; the inferior are
= shorter, broad at their origin, but be-
4coming pointed at the tips ; the median
“pair in the examples before me vary
(as do the inferior pair) according to
their position, they seem to be flattened
and are ordinarily applied against one
another, but the flat surface is some-
times exposed, giving them a broad
appearance. Seen from the sides the
appendages appear forcipate when the
lower pair is upturned; they are,
however, sometimes open as in fig. 2.
Ventral lobe moderate.
Expanse of fore-wings, ¢, about 6 mm.; the @ slightly larger.
Taken in July by beating pine trees on the shores of Loch Mor-
lich, Glen More, Inverness-shire, 1046 feet (JZorton and King), a large
and beautiful lake surrounded by extensive pine forests.
Apparently a true Hydroptila, with well developed lobes on the
head, It is a very distinct species, from its genital appendages,
although in the closed forcipate condition of these it simulates H.
forcipata, and might, on a cursory glance, be confused with that
species. The differences are, however, abundant; in the present
species the superior appendages are broad and flat at the apex, whereas
in H. forcipata they are slender and acute; the inferior appendages
are relatively shorter than in H. forcipata.
Fig. 1, apex of abdomen from beneath ; 2, apex of abdomen from side (both from dry examples) ;
3, apex of abdomen from beneath, more enlarged (from an example prepared and mounted
in Canada balsam.
HYDROPTILA SERRATA, 7. sp.
Antenne blackish-fuscous, with a pale ante-apical space. Vertex densely clothed
with yellowish-white hairs. Palpi yellowish-white. Legs testaceous. Anterior
wings dark grey, raised hairs yellowish, costal fringes blackish, with a yellowish
patch before the apex, tip of the wing within the ‘fringes also yellowish ; posterior
fringes dark grey. Hind-wings dark grey with nearly concolorous fringes, those
on the costa being darker.
In the g the inferior appendages seen from beneath are of moderate length,
tapering, and very slightly turned inwards ; between their bases and apparently
1898. ] 109
connected with
them are two
shorter processes,
the inner margins
of which are (as
serrate. Lying
above these is a
seen in prepared /
broad penis cover
(?) turned down
at the apex. Su-
periorly is an ob-
long dorsal plate
examples) finely
with rounded cor- ee 5 : lw)
é a
ners. A mode- | ae a
rately long ventral _
lobe.
Expanse of wings, 7 mm. in f, 8 mm. in 9.
Four examples from Bone, April 7th, 1896 (Haton).
Also apparently a true Hydroptila.
Fig. 1, apex of abdomen from beneath (from prepared and mounted example); 2, inferior ap-
pendages (from a dry example); 3, dorsal plate and penis (mounted example) ; 4, apex of
abdomen from side (dry example).
13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh:
March Ath, 1898.
TROCHOPUS AND RHAGOVELIA.
BY GEORGE H. CARPENTER, B.Sc., F.E.S.
I am greatly indebted to Mr. G. C. Champion for kindly calling
my attention to the similarity of the genus Trochopus (which I de-
scribed and figured in last month’s issue of this Magazine) to
Rhagovelia of Mayr* (of which he has generously sent me several
species for comparison), as well as for informing me that, after ex-
amination of the types in the British Museum, he considers my species
T. marinus to be undoubtedly identical with Rhagovelia plumbea, Uhler,t
described from specimens found on salt water off the islands of Grenada
and St. Vincent, and also around the inlets of the Florida Keys.
On carefully reading Prof. Uhler’s description I must admit that
it agrees sufficiently well with my types. Yet, even if I had noticed
this similarity when writing my paper, I should not have thought it
possible that my Jamaica specimens could be referable to Prof. Uhler’s
species, since he makes no mention whatever of the conspicuous and
characteristic “ wheel”’ of ciliated hairs in the cleft of the intermediate
* Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1865, p. 445. + Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 216.
110 (May,
foot. The genus Rhagovelia contains at present eight or nine species,
and so far as I can discover none of the authors who have described
these species appear to have noticed the ‘‘ wheel.” The only reference
to it which I am able to find is an imperfect description in a short note
by Signoret* on the species of Rhagovelia kiown to him, when he
writes of “un long appendice plumeux, ressemblant 4 une longue
plume de marabout, garantie par deux longs crochets courbes. Cette
piéce n’est visible que lorsque l’insecte nage ; pour l’apercevoir, il faut
le laisser macérer et se ramollir pendant assez longtemps.”
Perhaps this last remark explains the failure of so many ob-
servers to notice the structure which to me seemed the most charac-
teristic feature in the insects I described. My specimens were pre-
served in spirit. Yet on examining a couple of dried Rhagovelia
infernalis, Butler, from Rodriguez in this Museum, I find that the
“wheel” is undoubtedly present, though, for the most part, folded
and drawn into the tarsal cleft.
According to Mayr, Rhagovelia is characterized by the presence
of three segments in all the tarsi, the basal one in each foot being
exceedingly minute. At Mr. Champion’s suggestion I have cleaned
and mounted in balsam a set of the legs of Zrochopus. JI find that in
the front foot there are two minute basal segments (not one only as I
described and figured). But the tarsi of the second and third legs
are undoubtedly two-segmented. The long proximal segment of the
second tarsus articulates directly with the tibia, there being no minute
basal segment as in Rhagovelia, while in the hind leg the foot consists
of a small basal and an elongate distal segment as shown in my fig. 6.
It is possible that these distinctions, together with the characteristic
form of the body, the lateral insertion of the second and third legs
close together, and the shortened abdomen, may render-it advisable to
retain Trochopus as a distinct genus from Rhagovelia, its type being
T. plumbeus, Ubler (= marinus, Carpenter). The “three prominent
spines”’ on the hind femora of Trochopus, to which I referred in my
description, are merely appendages of the cuticle situated on the outer
edge of the femur, as shown in my figure 1. There is, I now find, one
similar but much smaller spine at the distal end of the second femur.
Prof. Uhler in his description refers to the portion of the thorax
which I called the “ mesonotum,” as the “ posterior lobe of the pro-
notum.” Comparing the specimens before me, not with Velia, but
with Halobates, in which the prothorax is a narrow transverse segment
(the mesothorax being much elongated)+, I adopted a corresponding
* Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1877, p. lv.
+ F. Buchanan White, Pelagic Hemiptera, in Rep. Voyage Challenger, Zoology, vol. vii.
1898.] 111
view as to the thorax of Trochopus, which I find confirmed by an ex-
amination of the immature stages. In my figure of the young larva
of Trochopus (fig. 11) it can hardly be doubted that the small paired
tergites behind the head represent the pronotum, and the much larger
pair, some distance further back, the mesonotum. In older larve I
find that this latter grows forward in the neighbourhood of the longi-
tudinal central suture, until in the adult it overlaps the pronotum
with the central projection shown in fig. 1. Hence it seems that in
Trochopus we have the persistence in the adult of an early stage of
development, before the backward growth of the pronotum over the
mesothorax (so prominent a feature in the winged species of the group
and represented to some extent in most apterous forms) has begun.
This primitive thoracie structure is another character by which Zro-
chopus may be separated from Rhagovelia.
In ny previous remarks on the affinities of Trochopus I took it
for granted (now it seems too hastily) that the insect was referable to
Halobatine. Yet it appears to show as much resemblance to Halobates
and its allies as to Velia, and the study of such a type makes it
doubtful if the various sub-families of the Hydrometride can be
definitely marked off from each other. Prof. Uhler, in the paper in
which Rhagovelia plumbea is described, mentions that a West Indian
species of MWicrovelia (I. longipes) “helps to bridge over the gap
between this group and the Hydrobatine.”
Prof. Uhler writes that males and females of his R. plumbea were
secured im cop.,and that the male is very much smaller than the female.
This observation shows that the specimen which I supposed to be a
male is really a female with ovipositor extruded, and that my figures
8, 9 and 10 must be referred not to the male but the female genital
apparatus.
As no detailed figures of Rhagovelia seem ever to have been pub-
lished, I hope that the editors and readers of the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine will forgive me for having made use of its pages
to publish a specific, if not also a generic, synonym.
Science and Art Museum, Dublin:
April, 1898.
[The name Trochopus can, perhaps, be retained for the salt water
insect described by Prof. Uhler and Mr. Carpenter. An allied species
—found by myself on salt water, in small creeks, on the Isla del Rey,
or San Miguel, the largest of the Pearl Islands, in the Bay of Panama—
which I intend to describe elsewhere, possesses all the structural pecu-
liarities of FR. plumbeus. In the male of the Panama insect the
112 (May,
posterior femora are armed with a row of minute teeth, with a longer
and rather prominent tooth at the middle, and the anterior trochanters
are armed with an acute spine. The males of 7. plumbeus, of which
there are several in the British Museum, also have the posterior femora
toothed on their inner edge. The salt water species are found gre-
gariously in sheltered inlets or creeks, and they are probably never
winged. The fresh water Rhagovelia, on the contrary, are frequently
winged, it being necessary for them to migrate when the small streams
dry up. It may be noted that the genus Neovelia, Buchanan White,
containing a single species from the Amazons, is certainly cogeneric
with Rhagovelia, Mayr, notwithstanding the discrepancy in the tarsal
structure, Dr. White describing the tarsi as 2, 3, 1 (? 2) jointed, he
probably having overlooked one of the minute basal joints of the
anterior tarsi and the faint suture between the second and third
joints of the hind tarsi.—G. C. C.].
Pyrrhocoris apterus on the Orestone Rock.—I have this day received a batch of
Pyrrhocoris apterus, consisting of 34 males and 49 females, taken from the Orestone
Rock at the entrance of Torbay. Parfitt, in his “ Fauna of Devon,” mentions the
insect as abundant on this isolated rock in 1865. The reason of my recording this
is to show the continuity of the species in one locality for the past 33 years; how
long they occupied the situation before that is not on record.—-G. C. Br@nELt,
Stonehouse: April 16th, 1898.
Acanthia inodora, Dugés.— As a pendant to my note (Ent. Mo. Mag., viii, 2nds.,
p- 208) I have now the pleasure of saying that, by the kindness of Mr. G. C. Cham-—
pion, I possess some of the specimens of A. inodora that. were lately sent to him by
Dr. Dugés. It is certainly a perfectly distinct species, both prima facie and
structurally, and easily recognised. |
I cannot, however, congratulate our country on immunity from this pest to
poultry until it is certain what the detrimental species of Acanthia noted in the
same volume (p. 185) really is. The subject is not only of interest entomologically,
but is also very important economically to the rearers of poultry, not so much
perhaps, in the first place, to those who have adopted the modern and cleanly system
of keeping fowls, though from the immense rate of production and spreading this
race of insects possess, it may be only a question of time before the most carefully
attended hen-houses are infested. The greatest probability of the presence of some
of the species of these noxious insects lies in the old fashioned method of keeping
fowls, followed by many farmers and cottagers, where the rule is “go as you please,”
followed year after year, the nests never renewed, and the poultry too often regarded
as an accessoire négligeable ; and this in face of the fact that the British consumption
of imported foreign eggs and poultry is enormous, and that the whole of the value
thereof might be easily secured for the benefit of the supine British__J. W. Dov@zas,
153, Lewisham Road, 8.E.: April 5th, 1898.
1898.] 118
Coleoptera in the Plymouth district:—I have pleasure in recording the following
Coleoptera taken in the Plymouth district, mostly additions to the local list. in
damp moss on boulders in the rivers, Homalota currax (taken by Mr. G. C. Cham-
pion last year, when, on a passing visit, I had the pleasure of his company for a few
hours in Bickleigh Woods), H. cambrica, H. pavens, and H. hygrotopora; Gnypeta
cerulea (not common), Ancyrophorus aureus (frequent), and A. omalinus (one) ;
Quedius auricomus (several in the river at Ivybridge and also in a small tributary
of the River Lyd, Dartmoor), Q. longicornis (one specimen, in hedge clippings, in
the lane leading to Ugborough Beacon, Dartmoor) ; Homalota longula (taken by
Mr. Champion at Bickleigh, and by Mr. H. A. Newbery beside a small stream at
Mount Edgcumbe last August), H. elegantula (one, in garden refuse). Gyrinus
urinator (River Plym). Exomias pyreneus is again appearing in its habitat of last
year. I found that the species was more or less immature in March — April, 1897,
whilst in June—July damaged specimens occurred, when the insect suddenly dis-
appeared, and I could not get asingle example. In March—April this year the same
conditions occurred, so that probably the beetle is single brooded and passes the
winter in the pupal state. Ceuthorrhynchus viduatus (one, by sweeping).—J AMES
H. Krys, Sea View Avenue, Lipson, Plymouth: April, 1898.
Lemophleus ater, Oliv.,§c.,at Chilbolton, Hants.—The following species of Coleo-
ptera, amongst others, were found by Mr. Champion and myself at Chilbolton, near
Andover, on April 8th—11th :—Lemophleus ater, Ol. (spartii, Curtis), in plenty in
the burrows of Phleophthorus rhododactylus, under the bark of dead stems of furze.
Westwood and Curtis record it from the stems of broom. The Lemophleus is said
to be parasitic on the Phlwophthorus, but we were unable to verify this, both beetles
being in the perfect state. Philonthus lucens (1), P. decorus (in plenty), Bythinus
Burrelli (8), Silpha quadripunctata, Tropiphorus carinatus, &c., in moss in Hare-
wood Forest, where the usual run of Coleoptera occurring in the nests of Formica
rufa were met with, including Dinarda Markeli, Quedius brevis, Xantholinus atratus,
Uyrmetes piceus, Dendrophilus pygmeus, Monotoma conicicollis and M. formiceto-
rum, &c. Inthe marshy ground by the River Test we noted Calodera riparia
Ocyusa picina, Tachyusa atra, Lathrobium filiforme, Pederus riparius and P.
Suscipes, Bagous tempestivus, Hydrena riparia, Hydroporus marginatus, Agabus
paludosus and A. didymus, &.—R. W. Luoyp, St. Cuthbert’s, Thurleigh Road,
Balham, 8.W.: April 15th, 1898.
Coleoptera on a Yorkshire moor.—About eight miles west of Scarborough, in a
hollow among noble hills, lies the little hamlet of Langdale End. A mountain stream
runs on either side of it, and a few hundred yards to the north of it a long and pe-
culiar looking ridge rises with singular abruptness to a considerable height. West of
this great ridge lie extensive low moors, wearing a particularly barren and lifeless
appearance, especially in the spring months, before the ling has begun to grow. I
found them, however, productive of some very interesting beetles at the close of
April, when I spent a few hours fishing the streams and turning over the loose
stones which are scattered over them in profusion. Almost the first stone I turned
over revealed a specimen of Plerostichus lepidus, and a few minutes after I took
IK
114 (May,
Carabus arvensis. Dyschirius globosus occurred on damp sand. I proceeded about
a mile, and then met with Cymindis vaporariorum, in company with Calathus
flavipes. These beetles only occurred under stones which lay upon heather, never
under those which lay upon the bare peat or sand. In a small puddle I found a
drowned Carabus nitens, and close by, under stones, two examples of Pterostichus
vitreus. Bradycellus cognatus was very abundant at this spot. A small rill crossed
the moor at this point, out of which I fished three black Hydropori, which proved
to be H. celatus. A patch of wet Sphagnum yielded H. melanarius, often considered
a rarity, but I have taken numbers of it lately on the moors near Scarborough.
I spent half an hour fishing in the stream called the Black Beck, which runs
at the foot of the moor. Here I took Hydroporus rivalis in quantity, many H#.
septentrionalis, and a few H. latus; Hydrena gracilis and Elmis parallelopipedus
were also abundant. Under stones by the side of the stream were Bembidium
tibiale, atroceruleum, and monticola, with quantities of Nebria Gyllenhali.
About a mile to the south of Langdale End the hills rise very abruptly, and are
crowned by a moor which must be two or three hundred feet more elevated than the
one I have just described. This has produced several species of beetles not seen on
the lower moor. The long coarse moss which grows between the ling is full of
Calathus micropterus. In a very sandy place I took a single example of Amara
spreta, a very unlooked-for find. One day when I was riding along a sandy road
which crosses this moor I encountered a single specimen of Pterostichus ethiops
taking its walks abroad; I have searched in vain for a second example. ‘There is
very little water on this moor, but I have taken Hydroporus morio here in abund-
ance. A trench round a tumulus is generally full of water, and it is here that the
beetle occurs, along with H. tristis and H. Gyllenhali.
The other most interesting beetles I have met with on these moors and in the
moorland streams are: Amara consularis, Henieceerus exsculptus, Hydrena angus-
tata, Orectochilus villosus, and Elimis subviolaceus.—W. C. Hry, West Ayton, near
Scarborough : April, 1898.
A new locality for Aétophorus imperialis, Germ.—I met with a few specimens
of Aétophorus imperialis on the 19th inst. at Funton, Kent, at the edge of the
marshes on the right bank of the Medway, about half-way between Chatham and
Sheerness. They were found in a small stack of reeds and bulrushes by the road-
side, in company with Dromius vectensis, Myrmedonia limbata, Coecidula scutellata,
Stilbus oblongus, Telmatophilus Schénherri, &c. ; the last-named three species being
plentiful. Aétophorus is so local an insect in our islands that its occurrence in a
new place is perhaps noteworthy ; the present record, as far as I am aware, being
the first for the county of Kent.—J. J. Waker, R.N., 23, Ranelagh Road,
Sheerness: March 26th, 1898.
Habits of Heptaulacus testudinarius.—In a recent number of the “ Naturalist’s
Journal” I called attention to the fact of the occurrence of Heptaulacus testudina-
rius in some numbers in the burrows of Geotrupes mutator. Since then I have
received from Miss Burgess, of Ferndown, a further series from Hast Dorset, to-
gether with some remarks by Mr. Cecil Stroud, who has been mainly instrumental
1898.] 115
in their capture. He says that during January and February they were only to be
met with in the dung quite at the bottom of the Geotrupes holes, but towards the
latter part of March they “simply swarmed ”’ in cow-dung on the top of the ground ;
and that although he dug out and carefully examined a large quantity of burrows,
he was unable then to discover any beetles in the dung carried down by the Geo-
trupes as before. I noticed that the females amongst those sent me, taken when the
beetles were “swarming” above ground, were evidently about to lay their eggs.—
KE. J. Bure@sss Sopp, Saxholme, Hoylake: dprtl, 1896.
Some recent captures of Lepidoptera around Norwich.—Limacodes testudo.—I1
bred a specimen on June 28th from a larva which I beat out of a beech tree at
Horsford in the previous autumn. I think that this is new to the Norfolk list. I
visited the same locality last September, and got some more larve, from which I have
six pupe.
Orgyia gonostigma.—On August 21st the larve were rather common on sallow
at Ranworth. O. fascelina.—I visited Burgh Castle on September 14th, and found
the young larve not uncommonly upon the sallows there. At the same time I met
with a pupa of Plusia festuce, and also a larva of Lasiocampa rubi on Poa aquatica
growing ina ditch. I had previously only seen this last species in the very driest
situations.
Eriogaster lanestris.—Larve were common in June in the St. Faith’s district,
and I have bred a nice series. In two instances two larve spun up in the same
cocoon, but no moths have emerged from these double cocoons.
Stauropus fagi.—On June 7th I took one at rest on a beech trunk at Stratton
Strawless. I beat out a larva a few years ago from beech in the sume neighbourhood,
but it was ichneumoned. I have seen a fine black example of the moth taken in
1896 at the Carrow electric lights.
Dicranura vinula was very common round Norwich last year; I turned out
about 200 young larve on the poplar bushes in my garden. They did well for about
ten days, when they were discovered by the sparrows, who cleaned them all off one
morning. I have heard that sparrows will not eat caterpillars, but they certainly
ate these! WD. bifida.— On June 19th, by searching aspen, I obtained twelve eggs
of this species, eleven of them were laid on the under-side of the leaves. With
them were young larve of Pterostoma palpina and Notodonta ziczac, of which last
several produced moths in August.
Notodonta trepida.— On June 12th I noticed at Horsford a patch of conspicuous
white eggs on the under-side of a branch of an oak near the trunk. They were
empty, but by searching I obtained a number of the young larve, which turned out
to be this species. Thirteen of them are now pupx. J. chaonia.—On July 10th I
beat a larva from oak at Drayton; in the previous year I met with a moth of this
species at Howe. NV. cucullina.—On August 2nd I beat four larve out of maple at
Runton, and on August 14th found another at Arminghall.
(I think that Dicranura bicuspis should be included in the Norfolk list, since
Mr. F. Norgate recorded in the “ Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Natu- -
ralists’ Society,’ 1881-2, the capture of two larva ut Cawston).
Boarmia rhomboidaria.—On June 24th I met with an example quite black in
colour in Norwich.—H. J. Tuovnzss, 48, Grove Avenue, Ipswich Road, Norwich:
April, 1898. sé
116 (May,
Society.
EnToMotoatcaL Socrrty or Lonpon: Mar. 16th, 1898.—Mr. R. McLacu3an,
F.R.S., Vice-President and Treasurer, in the Chair.
Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Acanthia inodora, A. Dugés, from
Guanajuato, Mexico. This insect, a congener with the common bed-bug, was found
in fowl-houses, where it attacked poultry. Mr. Wainwright, a locust found alive in
broccoli at Birmingham. The insect was identified by Mr. Burr as Aeridium
egyptium. Mr. Tutt, a series of captured examples of Calligenia miniata, varying
in colour and the amount of black markings, one example being a clear yellow and
another orange. The Secretary, part of a series of holograph letters, &c., which he
had discovered among old papers in the Society’s Library, including communications
from Kirby, Spence, Darwin, Hope, Yarrell, and many other entomologists. A
paper by Mr. E. EK. Green, of Punduluoya, Ceylon, entitled, “ Further notes on
Dyscritina, Westwood,” was read, and illustrated by specimens and drawings. The
author had discovered two distinct species of Dyseritina, which he was able to keep
in captivity, and rear from the early larval stage to that of the imago. The
characteristic abdominal cerci increased in length with successive moults, until in
D. longisetosa they became much longer than the body. In the penultimate
stadium they were lost without a moult, being probably bitten off by the possessor,
the long basal joints alone remaining. The imago was a typical earwig, the forceps
being developed within the basal joints of the cerci. Sensory organs on the
antennee and palpi were described, as well as the habits of both species. In the
ensuing discussion Mr. M. Burr referred the imagos to the genus Diplatys, that of
Mr. Green’s new form being, he believed, a known species. The genus Dyseritina
must therefore be sunk. Mr. Gahan observed that the fact of the forceps being
developed within the basal joints of the cerci alone did not prove that they were
not homologous with the entire cerci; perhaps the internal structure of the latter
was retracted by a histolytic process before amputation. In Forfieula he had found
evident traces of meristic division in the forceps of embryos which were nearly on
the point of hatching. Dr. Chapman read a paper, entitled, “Some remarks on
Heterogynis penella,’ giving a full account of its life-history. The female was
destitute of all appendages whatever, and only left the pupal case for pairing,
returning within it about ten minutes later. It possessed an organic connection
with the pupal case in the situation of the legs. The larvae were hatched within
the case and devoured the remains of the mother. On anatomical characters he
assigned to the insect a place near the Zygenide.
April 6th, 1898.—Mr. R. McLacatan, F.R.S., Vice-President and Treasurer,
in the Chair.
Sir Archibald Buchan-Hepburn, Bart., of Smeaton-Hepburn, Prestonkirk, E.
Lothian, N.B., was elected a Fellow of the Society.
On behalf of Mr. Greenshields, Mr. Jacoby exhibited specimens of the
longicorn beetle, Micropsalis Durnfordi, Burm., from Patagonia. Mr. Greenshields,
who was present, stated that this species, remarkable for the great development of
the palpi, was originally taken by Darwin; his own examples were taken hiding in
thorny bushes in a dry water-course. Mr. Champion, continental examples of
Harpalus Frohlichi, a newly-discovered British species. Mr. B. A. Bower, living
1398. ] Ly
larve of Caradrina ambigua, an insect which had recently occurred in England in
countless numbers. They were bred from ova laid by a female taken on the South
Devon coast, and fed indiscriminately on low plants. Mr. M. Burr read a paper
supplementary to Mr. Green’s previous communication on Dyseritina, and definitely
referred the imagos to the genus Diplatys, D. longisetosa, Westw., being a good
species, and Mr. Green’s new form proving to be D. nigriceps, Kirby. Dr. Chapman
communicated a paper on the larva of Hriocephala Allionella, which he stated to be
essentially similar to that of Z. calthella, previously described by him.-—W. F. H.
BLANDFORD, Hon. Secretary.
SUPPLEMENT TO “A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH PSYCHODIDZ.”
BY THE REV. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S.
(Continued from 2nd series, vol. vill, page 125, June, 1897).
Psycuopa, Latreille (1796), restricted (Hal., MS.), Walker (1856).
Syn. Psychoda, Lat., Précis d. caract. gen. d. Ins., p. 152 (1796) ;
[Hal., M.S.], Walk., Ins. Brit. Dipt., ii, 254 (1856) ; Schiner, Ins.
Aust. Dipt., 11, 635 (1864); Van der Wulp, Dipt. Neerl., i, 314
-(1877). Tinearia, *Schill. (fide West.). Maruina, F. Mil., MS.,
Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1895, p. 480 (part) ; Etn., op. cit., p. 489.
The major divisions of Psychoda, established ante, 2nd ser., vol.
iv, 33, steps 7 and 7a, and the tabulation of species of the Ist Section,
op. cit., p. 129, illustrated in vol. v, pl. iv, Ps. 1—6, are here adapted
for wider application.
Affinities nearest with Pericoma, Section III, if judged according
to the distribution of the bristling hair of the wings; but in certain
features of the neuration an approach is made to the 4th and 5th
Sections of that genus, as may partly be inferred from the tabulation
cited, and comparison of the figures. MJaruina, because of the form
of the male genitalia, is here scheduled as an additional Section of
Psychoda, on the assumption that the neuration towards the base of
the wing was inaccurately represented by Miiller, and will be found
conformable in its main features to that of Psychoda. Figures of
densely hairy, undenuded wings im sitd, have invariably overtaxed
the ability of artists to illustrate with exactitude the details of neura-
tion near the wing-roots; and in this particular the most recently
published figures of Psychode are as worthless in critical value as
those of Leeuwenhoek and Frisch, cited by Linné and De Geer.
Males of Psychoda (probably immature), with stunted antenne
are frequently met with: the beaks of joints in the flagellum not
having attained their full length, cause the verticils of long hair to be
118 (May,
more deeply imbricate, or more widely spread, than in fully developed
specimens. Flies of Pericoma, Section III, are liable to the same
deformity.
Masor Sus-Dtvistons or PsycHopa.
A. Wing lanceolate, acuminate at the end of the prebrachial nervure, and with a
shallow sinus in the posterior margin from near the anterior pobrachial to
near the anal nervure ; neuration, towards the base of the wing, imperfectly
explored. Inferior ¢ genital appendages longer than their basis and uni-
tenacular, as in Ps. phalenoides, L. Hair of the dorsum, bristling hair of
the wings, and structure of g antenne unrecorded. No species* described.
Syn. Maruina, F. Mil., MS., Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1895, p. 480,
pls. x and xi (part). Type, MW. pilosella, idem, loc. cit. (undescribed).
Refer, op. cit., pp. 483—493 (1895) ................- Psychoda, Section O.
B. Wing ovate-lanceolate, acute at the end of the prebrachial nervure; radius
forked beyond the bifurcation of the pobrachial nervure, or else the pos-
terior radius short and free; bristling hair, in some parts of the wing,
extended beyond the shortest line drawn from the end of the subcosta to
the end of the anal nervure. Antenne in both sexes liable to individual
variation in the number of joints beyond the 13th, and comprised with it
in the 11th or terminal, globose or ovoid, compound verticil of hair of the
flagellum ; when 16-jointed, the last three joints are minute, subequal to
each other, and closely moniliform, without beak or apiculus ; when 14-
jointed, the terminal joint, smaller than the 13th, is globular and apiculate ;
when 15-jointed, a terminal joint of this last form is preceded by a small
globular joint ; 13th joint globular, with hardly any beak; 12th to 3rd
joints bulbose, usually with long subfiliform beaks and globular bulbs, the
latter sometimes slightly oval in the baseward joints ; scape short, clad
with short scales ; the 2nd joint stout and globular. Hair of the flagelium
arranged in eleven verticils of long hair, each involucrate at the base by a
whorl of much shorter, appressed, but reversible hair, and constituting,
when the beaks of the joints are long, a closely moniliform series; but
short beaks cause the verticils to be wide and cupuliform. Articular
appendages present from the 8rd to the 18th joint, hyaline, linear or
tenoid, with seemingly thickened edges, one pair to a joint (or rarely two
pairs), inserted close together at the inner base of the verticil of long hair,
but widely divergent in elongate, opposed, subspiral curves of about one
turn each in length, that bring them near together again towards their
extremities.
B. Bristling hair present on the subcosta, ending in proximity to the wing-
margin. Dorsal hair bristling on all the abdominal segments. Ovi-
positor rostrate, horny, exserted, but in repose erect or subreclinate, as
in Pericoma and Ulomyia. Beneath the wing-base in the g, on the
nervures bounding the basal cells, also on the margin between the
* Psychoda nigra, Banks, The Canadian Entomologist, xxvi, 331 (1894), judging by what is
mentioned of its wings, may possibly be a Maruina; but this Section of Psychoda is unknown
in Europe.
1898.]
119
alula and the posterior fringe, and again very sparingly at the extreme
bases of the costa and axillar nervures, are lanceolate or linear scales,
succeeded for only a very short distance by flattened hairs ; these are
followed by ordinary hair. Type, Ps. phalenoides, L. ..
Psychoda, Section I.
6. Bristling hair wanting on the prebrachial, posterior pobrachial, and
anal nervures ; its endings on the others lie in the circumference
of a slightly truncate, semi-ellipsoidal curve, approximate to the
wing-margin, and with the ending on the cubitus directly opposite
that on the anterior pobrachial, considerably beyond that on the
postical.
+ Inferior g genital appendages distinctly longer than their basis, and
uni-tenaculate ; tenaculum relatively short...
Species Nos. 2—4, Brit.
+t The same appendages subequal in length to their basis, short and
stout, tri-tenaculate in the British species, but uni-tenaculate
in the Algerian ; tenacule relatively long...
Species No. 1, Brit.; XVI, Alg.
6b. Bristling hair wanting on the posterior radius, prebrachial, posterior
pobrachial, and anal nervures; its endings on the cubitus and
anterior pobrachial distant from the margin, but on the other
nervures adjacent thereto; those on the cubitus and postical
directly opposite each other, and a little beyond the ending on
the anterior pobrachial nervure. Inferior g genital appendages
very little longer than their basis, slender and uni-tenaculate ;
the tenaculum hardly one-fourth the length of the appendage...
Species No. 5, Brit.
B.B. Bristling hair wanting on the subcosta. Dorsal hair bristling on only the
first abdominal segment, smooth on the remainder. External 9 geni-
talia valvular, short and obtuse, somewhat as in Sycorax. Beneath
the wing-base in the g, on the nervures bounding the anterior basal
cell, and at the extreme base of the mediastinal nervure, are rather
short, obovate, appressed scales; the other nervures thereabouts are
clad either with flattened hairs, or with linear or acicular scales.
Type, Ps. humeralis (Hoffmgg., MS.), Meig.... Psyehoda, Section II.
6? Bristling hair also wanting on both branches of the radius, on the pree-
brachial, posterior pobrachial, and on the anal nervures; its
ending on the radius conterminous with the stem, subopposite
that on the cubitus, both distant from the wing-margin and far
interior to its ending on the anterior pobrachial; this last is
farther from the margin than the endings on the postical and
axillar nervures, which approach nearer and nearer thereto. In-
ferior ¢ genital appendages subequal in length to their basis,
stout and bi-tenaculate; the tenacule slender and relatively
Loney Tika dank «bee sccaates ass oelnesg an barttaes Species, No. 6, Brit.
120 [May, 1898.
Section O oF Psycnopa (Maruina, ¥. Mil., MS.).
If (as is probable) the insect be virtually unicolorous, or without
wing-markings, like many species of the next Section, Miiller’s omis-
sion to describe the typical species is intelligible. Characters of
importance, that should be recorded, are noted in the preceding
tabulation, in step A.
Section I or Psycuopa ; British species, Nos. 1—5,
and Algerian, No. XVI.
Refer ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, p. 33, step 7, and p. 129; also vol. v,
pl. iv, Ps. 1—5 (details), and the above tabulation, steps B, B.
Affinities nearest with the preceding Section, but approaching
the 3rd Section of Pericoma in the distribution of the bristling hair
upon the wing; the British species scheduled 4, +, in the tabulation
of Major Sub-Divisions of Psychoda (just above) making a near
approach to the Algerian Pericoma, No. X (ante, 2nd ser., vol. vii, p.
130, step d?d?) ; and those tabulated 6, t+, approaching less closely
P. advena (loc. cit., step d?). The affinity of Psychoda to the 5th
Section of Pericoma, and to Ulomyia, in another feature, has been
referred to already in connection with that Section (ante, 2nd ser.,
vol. vii, p. 120).
The species are here arranged in their revised order, but their
original numbering is retained: hence the sequence Nos. 2, 3, 4, 1,
and 5.
2. PsycHoDA PHAL#NoIDES, Linné.
Tipula alis deflexis cinereis ovato-lanceolatis ciliatis, Linn., Fn., Suec. [ed. i],
p- 336, No. 1148 (1746).— 7. phalenoides, id., Syst. Nat. [ed. x], p. 588, No. 32
(1758) ; id., Fn. Suec. [ed. ii], p. 488, No. 1771 (1761); Miller (1764) ; Linn.,
Syst. Nat. [ed. xii], ii, 977, No. 47 (1767) ; Fabricius (1775, &.) ; De Geer, Mém.
p. serv. a |’Hist. d. Ins., vi, 422, No. 80, tab. xxvii, 6—9 (1776) ; id., Abhandl. z.
Gesch. d. Ins., vi, 158, taf. xxvii, 6—9 (1782); Retz., C. De Geer, Gen. and Sp. Ins.,
p- 196, No. 1297 (1783) ; Gmélin, Linn. Syst. Nat. [ed. xiii], i, par. v, p. 2825, No.
47 (1788); Rossi, Fn. Etruse., p. 273 (1790) ; Berkenhout (1795, &c.)?; Schrank,
Fn. Boica, iii, 82, No. 2349 (1803) ; and any other authors attributing spotless wings
to the species thus named.—7. nervosa, Schrank, op. cit., 1. c., No. 2850.
Bibio phalenoides, Geoff., Hist. Abrég. d. Ins.,ii,572, No. 4 (1762) ; Fourcroy,
Ent. Paris, ii, 515, No. 4 (1785) ; Olivier, Encyclop. Méthod.
Psychoda muraria, Latreille, Hist. Nat. d. Crust. et Ins., xiv, 293 (1805).—
Ps. phalenoides, Fab., Syst. Antl., p. 49 (1805); Lat. (1809, &c.); Lamarck
(1816, &c.); Walker, Ins. Brit. Dipt., iii, 255 (1856) ; Schiner, Fn. Aust. Dipt., 11,
637 (1864) ; v. d. Wulp, Dipt. Neerland., i, 315 (1877) ; Etn., ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv,
129 (1893), and vol. v, pl. iv, Ps. 2 [details] (1895).—Ps. nervosa, Meig., Syst.
Beschr. [ed. i], i, 106 (1818), and id. [ed. ii], i, 84 (1851) ; Macquart, Ins. Dipt.
oUL. x P898
June, 1898. | 121
Nord, France, p. 168 (1824) ; Haliday, Ent. Mag., i, 148 [list] (1833) ; Macq.,
Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt. [Suites & Buffon], i, 164 (1834); Perris, Ann. d. Sc. Nat.
France (2), xiii, 346—8, pl. vi, fig. B [pupa, not larv.] (1840) ; Rossi, Dipt. Aust.,
p- 6 (1848) ; Curt., Journ. Roy. Agricult. Soc., x, part i [No. xxiii, July], p. 103,
pl. v, 47—50 [pupa] (1849) ; Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., ix, 3706 (1850).
6. Antenne usually 14-jointed, and, when fully developed, reaching nearly to
the middle of the wing, but often stunted ; in the former condition the verticils of
long hair of the flagellum compose a smooth moniliform series of subspherical
cupules, the open end of one cupule fitting the base of the next. Hair of head and
body impure white, or whitey-brown anteriorly, but light brown from certain stand-
points posteriorly. Wings in the living fly blueish ash-grey, or dove colour, the blue
and reddish iridescence of the membrane mingling with the colour of the hair,
which changes with posture from white to whitey-brown; wing-margin in trans-
mitted light opaque, but otherwise concolorous with the disc ; fringes shifting from
satiny-white to whitey-brown or greyish when turned about, the costal fringe in
suitable positions becoming dark, independently of the posterior fringe. At the
base of the wing, viewed from in front, the hair of the tegule appears white or
whitey-brown, but the “humeral tuft” arising from the thickened portion of the
costa opposite the mediastinal (this thickening is sometimes piceous in dried speci-
mens), and overlying the costal fringe thereabouts, although matching with the
fringe from certain standpoints, readily shifts to dark brown or grey, and even to
blackish towards the roots of the hairs. Bifurcation of the radius perhaps always
interior to the end of the axillar nervure. Genital segment often inverted, probably
by torsion during copulation (an accident that frequently occurs in Pericoma ex-
quisita) ; basal joint in the superior appendages sub-cylindrical, subequal in length
to the forceps-basis; apical joint subulate, very slightly curved. Inferior append-
ages neatly forficulate, at first very shortly convergent from their insertions and
thereabouts rounded off beneath, then for a short space subparallel with each other,
slightly arcuate upwards throughout, and finally gently incurved towards their tips ;
each of them subulate with the extreme point suddenly acute, nude dorsally, but
elsewhere beset with rather long, dense, spreading hair; tenaculum exactly apical,
slightly foreshortened by perspective in the cited figure ; from other standpoints
more slender and subspatulate, or narrowly ob-triangular and rounded off at the
obtuse angle. Indumentum of legs glossed with dull satiny-white ; the appressed
scales narrowly linear.
2. In dried specimens of this species the legs are usually rather darker, and
the wing-neuration a little more distinct than in Ps. albipennis, but the body is not
always more opaque; in fact, the specific identity of Psychode of this sex, unac-
companied by males from the same localities, cannot always be guessed at with
certainty. The name nervosa, Schrank, was probably applied to worn specimens of
the female.
The larve feed upon all sorts of decaying vegetable substances,
and the geographical dispersion of this species is doubtless extensive.
The flies abound in the British Islands, Haliday being the authority
for Ireland, and Mr. J. J. F. X. King’s collection for Scotland (Loch
Maree, 1890, 4 g, 1 2). A Maltese 9 specimen in the British
L
2 {June,
Museum (Nat. Hist.) possibly belongs here; but this is doubtful,
since the species has not yet been met with in northern Africa. Faded
specimens of Ps. humeralis in windows are liable to be mistaken for
phalenoides, if the distribution of bristling hair on the wing be
disregarded. When the wings are denuded as well as the body, a
difference in the gait of the flies, and in the form of the verticils of
hair of the antenne, suffice for their distinction.
The females of Ps. phalenoides are common agents in the ferti-
lization of Arum maculatum, L., creeping down into the spathes, often
in considerable numbers, when the pollen ripens. Once at the bottom
they have to remain until the sterile filaments wither and set them
free. Meanwhile, through fluttering and tumbling about, they soon
become miserable objects denuded of hair, and many perish. The
dead are usually eaten by other insects, and by Oniscide. Where
Curtis speaks of Ps. nervosa sometimes swarming about drains (Joc.
cit., 1849), there may have been some confusion of the species with
Ps. sexpunctata, seen with the naked eye.*
3. PsYCHODA ALBIPENNIS, Zetterstedt.
Ps. albipennis, Zet., Dipt. Scand., ix, 3708 (1850) ; Schiner, Fn. Aust. Dipt.,
li, 637 (1864) ; v. d. Wulp, Dipt. Neerland., i, 315 (1877); Etn., ante, 2nd ser.,
vol. iv, 130, step 3a, and vol. v, pl. iv, Ps. 3 (details).
Similar to Ps. phalenoides, but, sex for sex, on an average smaller. Easily dis-
tinguished by differences in the ¢ genitalia, illustrated in loe. cit. from a dried
preparation ; for eomparison with the superior appendages of freshly killed speci-
mens, the upper fig., Ps. 3a, is the best. Inferior appendages much the same as in
the former species.
Hardly separable, when faded, from dried specimens of Ps. phalenoides of
this sex ; but when in prime condition, newly killed, and correspondingly illuminated,
the wings appear whiter; the costal fringe and the tuft of hair on the thickened
portion of the base of the costa, by which the fringe thereabouts is overlain, do not,
on being shifted about, assume quite so dark a grey tint as in that insect; the callus
nearer the base of the costa is of a lighter colour; and the fleshy parts of the body
beneath the hair are of rather a light colour, although (like the callus) often quite
as dark when dried. Besides what is said about the wing-neuration in the explana-
tion of the figures cited, given in op. cit., vol. v. 27, it is noteworthy that the
variations illustrated are independent of sex, and that the radial fork is sometimes
as short as in the fig. Ps. 1, Joc. cit. Both species are liable to be represented in
collections of Diptera by females exclusively, no doubt through these being larger,
and therefore easier to pin than males.
A species of wide foreign distribution, abundant in England, and
* It may be stated here, once for all, that the bibliographical references to old authors given
in this article under the head of particular species are limited each to the author cited, and do
not extend to his citations of earlier authorities. It would demand more space than the matter
is worth, to note every instance where the synonymy of palzographic entomology is at fault.
1898.] 123
obtained by Mr. King in Scotland (Loch Maree, 1890, 2 g, 138 ?).
It oceurrs in Algeria, and perhaps even at the Cape of Good Hope,
a ? of this, or of a closely allied species, now in the British Museum
(Nat. Hist.), having been captured by the author in 1874 at Ronde-
bosch, in the grounds of the Governor’s country house at the foot of
Table Mountain.
The larve feed on decaying vegetable matter; in 1894—5 the fly
was reared upon rotten turnip by Mr. C. O. Waterhouse.
Psychoda degenera! Walker, List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus., part i, 33 (1848),
described from s single ¢ from St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay,
and likened to Ps. nervosa (phalenoides), approaches Ps. albipennis in structure of
the genitalia. This indication may suffice for the identification of the species in that
locality without actual comparison of specimens with the type; the description is
“ catalogical,”’ and of no account, but cannot well be added to without fresh material.
Psychoda cinerea, Banks, “The Canadian Entomologist,” xxvi, 331 (1894), may
rank doubtfully in this Section, assuming the black colour of the scales on the tarsi
to be dependent upon the direction of the light. The genitalia of the male seem
from the description to have been shrivelled up by overpowerful fumes of something
in the killing-bottlh—a common accident that cannot be too carefully guarded
against by collectors, especially in hot weather.
4. PsycHoDA SEXPUNCTATA, Curtis, = ALTERNATA, Say.
Tipula t phalenoides, var., Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 324, No. 864 (1763).
|| Trichoptera ¢ phalenoides, Meig., *Klassif. d. Zweifl., Bd.i, 43 (1804).
Psychoda t phalenoides, id., System. Beschr. [ed. i], i, 104 (1818) ; 2d., op. ett.
[ed. ii], i, 82 (1851); Macq., Ins. Dipt. Nord France, p. 116 (1824) ; id., Hist. Nat.
Ins. Dipt. [Suites 4 Buffon], i, 164, pl. iv, 12 and 18 (1834) ; Bouché, Naturgesch.
d. Ins. [Act. Nov. Acad. L. Cxs. Nat. curios.], p. 28, tab. ii, 20 [larva and head] and
22 [pupa] (1834); Zett., Ins. Lappon., 824 (1840); id., Dipt. Scand., ix, 3702
(1850) ; Siebke, Nyt Mag. f. Naturvid., p. 53, No. 823 (1850) ; Lucas, Bull. Soc.
Ent. France (1885), p. xliii [habit].—Ps. alternata, Say, *W. Q. R., ii [Long’s 2nd
Exped.], p. 358 (1824) ; id. [ed. Le Coute], i, 242 (1859) ; ? Williston, Ent. News,
iv, 114 (1893); Banks, Ca. Ent., xxvi, 330 (1894); ? Willist., Trans. Ent. Soc.
London (1896), p. 283, pl. ix, 49 [wing undenuded].—Ps. sexpunctata, Curt. Brit.
Ent., xvi, 745 (1839) ; Walker, Ins. Brit. Dipt., iii, 255, pl. xxvi, la to 7 [details]
(1856) ; Schiner, Fn. Aust. Dipt., ii, 636 (1864) ; v. d. Wulp, Dipt. Neerl., i, 314,
pl. ix, 12 and 13 [details] (1877) ; ! Etn., Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd ser., iv, 130 (1893),
and y, pl. iv, Ps. 4 [details] (1894).—Ps. marginepunctata, *Roser, fide Walker
[inter synon., op. supra cit., iii, 255 (1856) ].
Wings light brownish-grey, with whitish markings on the disc in the bristling
hair (seen best when the wing is pointed towards the light over a dark background),
and with six or seven small spots at the margin, formed of dark hairs inclined out-
wards, viz., a brown or blackish spot, interior to the fringe, at the end of every
‘nervure that has bristling hair (except the mediastinal), set off by a whitish spot
that marks the ending of the bristling hair; also, in or about the middle of the
L 2
124 { June,
wing, a transverse series of whitish spots, forming a broken zigzag fascia, com-
mencing with one of the former whitish spots on fhe subcosta, and ending with that
on the axillar nervure, advancing obliquely over the base of the radial fork and over
the cubitus, to its salient angle on the anterior pobrachial, opposite the end of the
axillar nervure, and having its re-entering angle on the postical nervure, opposite
the radial bifurcation, or interior to this in the male; also a whitish spot on the
axillar nervure, nearly midway between the end of the fascia and the fold of
deflection. Over white paper, from certain positions, a portion of the base of the
wing also appears whitish, and the ground colour of the wing shifts from light
brownish-grey to light grey. When resting on a wall, in the evening, the insect is
apt to appear blackish-grey. Fringes match with the prevailing tint of the wing,
but readily shift to a darker tint, or reflect a lighter dull satiny gloss. The dark
spots, above mentioned, at the margin are relatively small and rarely equal in size,
the three at the posterior margin being usually more distinct than those at the costa,
and the spot of the axillar often slightly larger and more strongly marked than
either of the other two; that of the subcosta blending with some dark hair on the
anterior radius, appears to be the biggest of all, but lacks sharpness of definition,
and is often nebulous ; and when there are only six spots instead of seven, it is
usually the spot of the posterior radius which is missing. ‘Tints of iridescence of
the wing-membrane chiefly red, green, and yellow. Hair of head, antenne, body,
and legs whitish, with the same changeable tints of grey and brown as the wings ;
the parts underlying the hair, light coloured in life, grow darker in drying. Antenne
(usually 14-jointed) reach in the g only to the base of the wing. Joints of palpi
enumerated in the order of lessening length, 4, 2, 3,1. Basal joint in the superior
appendages short and moderately stout; apical joint longer, and, when dried,
narrowly and acutely falcate, with a slight median dilatation. Inferior g appendages
similar to those of the preceding species; the limb in profile subulate-acuminate ;
hair dense and long ; tenaculum short and slender.
Common in England in the resorts of Trichomyia urbica and pig-
sties during summer and autumn, and also at cattle-drinking places.
In Algeria, abundant in all Freneh towns, and by streams in their
neighbourhood, not excepting Biskra, on the border of the Sahara ;
found frequently on board passenger steamers in the harbours, flying
in at the port-holes. The possibility of its following commerce to
different parts of the world is obvious, and may account for its
oceurrence in N. America, if the species described by Say, cited above,
be the same as the European insect. Unless disproved on comparison
of specimens from both these continents, their specific identity may
be assumed on the authority of Banks’s description.
1. PsycnHopa LuciFuGa (Hal., MS.), Walker.
Pericoma lucifuga, [Hal., MS], Walker, Ins. Brit. Dipt., iii, 257 (1856).— Psy-
choda lucifuga, Verrall, List Brit. Dipt., p. 10 (1888) ; Etn., ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv,
129, step 2, and vol. v, pl. iv, Ps. 1 (detail).
Reseuibles Ps. phalenoides (2) in the colour of the wings, but may be dis-
98. |
Aegis 125
tinguished therefrom in the net by having light brown pubescence on the thorax,
through which (under a lens) the sutures appear as dark lines. Hair of the dorsum
also dense and brownish. Fringe of the wing (when pointed towards the light over
a dark background) light brownish, like the hair of the nervures in dried specimens ;
the wing-margin, from ecrtain standpoints, defined by a dark line; when newly
killed, the fringes, from certain directions, appear blackish-grey ; but when shifted,
the fringe of the alula and the tuft on the thickened portion of the costa by the fold
of deflection become concolorous with the pubescence of the thorax. Haliday’s
description is good, but the markings attributed to the legs are entirely dependent
upon illumination. Antenne.15- to 16-jointed, reaching in the g to about the
middle of the wing. Basal joint in the superior ¢ appendages short and moderately
stout, convex externally, and flattened or subconcave on the inner side ; apical joint
twice the length of the first, tapering from the base to a slender point, or claw-like,
acuminate and obliquely decurved. Inferior § appendages stout, narrowly ovoid-
oblong ; tenaculze moderately divergent, equal, slender, relatively long, wiry, or very
narrowly linear-cuneate.
Discovered by Haliday in Ireland at Hoiywood and Blarney.
Abundant locally in miry places under trees, especially in wet coppices,
in hilly parts of East and West Somersetshire ; ascending to 1300 ft.
under Dunkery Beacon. September and October.
(To be concluded in the next No )
ON THE HABITS OF LIOTHULA OMNIVORA, Ferepay.
BY W. W. SMITH, F.E.S.
During the last two years my boys have collected a considerable
number of the case-dwelling larve of this interesting apterous moth.
When brought home it is their custom to tie fresh twigs of wattle
and willows to the end of long pieces of strong thread, and suspend
them from the ceiling over the sitting room table, and attach the
larval cases to them. The experiment has proved very interesting and
instructive to the boys, while it has also revealed some new and
hitherto unknown habits of these larve.
Wher first attached to the suspended twigs the more matured
larve inhabiting the larger cases occasionally remain motionless, and
do not commence feeding for a week or a fortnight after. When
they become hungry they generally feed well, but consume very little
food for their size. They generally feed all over the twigs, and
occasionally reach the thread which they ascend to the ceiling, and
attach their dwelling to it, or to the paper on the walls. We have had
several remain crawling over the ceiling or the papered walls for a
126 (June,
_ week before making any attempt to leave them. One of them nibbled
off minute pieces of paper, and attached them neatly to the exterior
of its case. On November 5th last, we were seated around the table
in the evening, when one of these larve came down, looper-like, close
to the lamp, suspended by a strong silken thread. It was the first
occasion on which we observed this habit in Z.omnivora. We watched
it patiently letting go the thread, and descending gently by slow,
short jerks. Although it was in no way molested, it only descended
about nine inches further, when it ceased to descend, withdrew into
the case and closed it. It was somewhat difficult to note its actions
accurately, as while it was descending the case kept revolving at a
good pace. We observed that the thread passed up the right side of
the head from between the two front legs, which, along with the
mouth, were kept active during the process of descent. After resting
about half an hour, it again gently opened the case, and slowly com-
menced to ascend the thread by a hand-over-hand-like process. It
would ascend for an inch and half or two inches, and then stop
instantly to manipulate the accumulated thread, sometimes jerking
slightly down before recommencing the ascent. When we left it at
11 o’clock it had ascended about twenty-one inches. By 6.30 in the
morning it was on the ceiling, several feet away from the place the
thread was attached to the previous night. The full length of the
thread was about five feet
Two years ago L. omnivora appeared in another new character in
this district, viz., a garden pest. In August, 1896, a farmer friend
brought me a handful of large specimens of the cases containing
healthy larve, and at the same time enquired what they were. I
informed him that they were the native basket moth, and that they
were interesting and harmless creatures. My friend, who hails from
the Emerald Isle, strongly repudiated my remarks, and declared that
they were “well named,” as they had “ put all the buds on his rasp-
berry canes in their basket.” A week afterwards I visited his garden,
and found them numerous on the well grown canes, which they had
severely injured by consuming the healthy buds.
Judging from the number of non-parasitized larvee, I believe they
are now less subject to attacks than formerly. JZ. omnivora furnishes
a striking example of hyperparasitism among native moths. The sub-
ject has been accurately and perfectly dealt with by Mr. G. V. Hudson
(N. Z. Journal of Science, 1885), and should be studied by all who
prosecute this line of research. In confining these larve to certain
plants, we find that larger cases and finer moths of both sexes are
1898.] 127
developed by feeding only on the Salix alba and S. caprea pendula.
They also thrive well on the Australian black wattle (Acacia decur-
rens) and Cupressus macrocarpa. In their natural state they appear
to become parasitized when about half grown, and do not attain to
the size, before dying, of those of non-parasitized larve. Several of
the cases of those fed, as described, in our sitting room, attained the
size of 3$ to 4 inches. Mature examples found in their natural state
do not generally attain to more than 83 to 83 inches in length. Both
in a natural state and in captivity they are extremely sensitive, and
instantly withdraw into the case and close the opening on the slightest
disturbance.
Notwithstanding the present long and intense drought experi-
enced on the Canterbury Plains, Z. omnivora has flourished concealed
in the dense willows growing on the margins of the lakes and streams
in our district. In looking over my scanty captures of other insects
for the season, I fear, unless matters improve greatly, it will result in
a “winter of discontent’”’ when autumn has passed.
Ashburton, N. Z.:
March 9th, 1898.
SOME NEW BRITISH THENTHREDINIDA.
BY THE REV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.
Among a number of saw-flies taken by Mr. W. H. Harwood near
Colchester, three species of Dolerus occur, which are (I believe)
additions to the British list, viz.: gibbosus, Htg., fumosus, Zadd., and
rugosulus, d. Torre.
All three species are black. Gibbosus and fumosus are large
insects, about the size of Dolerus niger, L., from which they both
differ in having no distinct transverse furrows on the tempora above
(behind the eyes). Fwmosus, also, has no definite longitudinal furrows
bounding the vertex laterally ; but in gibbosus such furrows are con-
spicuous.
Gibbosus in the above characters resembles nigratus, Mull. (= jfissus, Htg.) ;
but it is larger, the ¢ 8th abdominal segment above is not triangularly excised at
the apex, and the ? saw-sheath (seen above) is widest not at the apex, but some
way before it. The 2 abdomen has a decided tinge of metallic-blue. Rugosulus
(= rugosus, Knw.) is a smaller species, about the size of eneus, Htg. It has, also,
‘the sharply margined temporal furrows of that species. But in both sexes the
128 . [June
antenne are decidedly shorter, the head is more strongly and rugosely punctured,
and is also more constricted immediately behind the eyes, which gives a curiously
swollen appearance to the tempora. The ? saw-sheath in rugosulus dilates gently
to the apex, while in @neus on the contrary it narrows. Another of Mr. Harwood’s
captures, not previously recorded from this country, is Amauronematus viduatus,
Zett. (= vagus, Zadd.). It belongs to Konow’s subgenus Brachycolus (Term. Fuz.,
1895, p. 167), has the 3rd joint of the antenne shorter than the 4th, and the eyes
unusually near the base of the mandibles. In the paper just referred to Konow
remarks that it is strange the species should not occur in Britain, but that no
Nematid described by Cameron can possibly belong to it, unless indeed it is “ unter
hemorrhoidalis, Cam., verbirgt.”
On July 31st of last year I took a g of Emphytus cingillum,
Klug, at Woking. The species is recorded from France, Germany,
and Sweden, but seems not to have been noticed hitherto in this
country.
It is avery pretty and distinct kind. The posterior legs have white trochanters,
very broad red femora, red tibie, dusky knees and tarsi. On the anterior and inter-
mediate pairs the trochanters and bases of the femora are black, the rest of the
femora and the tibia red. The abdomen is black, with a rather ill-defined white
apical band on the 5th segment. The apical joints of the antennz are short, the
3rd joint a little longer than the 4th or the 5th, which are subequal. The “ nervus
transversus ordinarius” (Thoms.), is received before the middle of the “ cellula
furcata.”
Herr Konow has kindly examined all these insects, and the de-
terminations given above have his authority.
Brunswick, Woking :
March, 1898.
THE SEXUAL CHARACTERS OF THE BRITISH SPECIES OF TOMOXIA,
MORDELLA AND MORDELLISTENA.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
The sexual peculiarities of most of the European species of these
genera (including all our British forms) are described at length by
Herr J. Schilsky (Die Kafer Europa’s, xxxi), and as he has detected
several characters that have been previously overlooked, it seems
worth while calling attention to them, so far as our British species are
concerned, those of Anaspis alone having been fully noted by English
authors. The ciliation of the palpi I have not been able to verify, as
it cannot be seen properly unless the specimens are mounted with
their heads free. It may be stated that in the males of Mordella and
1898.] 129
Mordellistena the second joint of the maxillary palpi is often more or
less dilated, and the anterior femora ciliate. Schilsky apparently
treats the maxillary palpi as 3- instead of 4-jointed, hence his first
joint (the first visible from above when the palpi are extended) is
really the second, and his second the third.
Tomoxta BieuTTaTa, Gyll.
g. Anterior femora, the base of the anterior tibize, and the second and third
joints of the maxillary palpi, ciliate within ; anterior tibie strongly curved.
Q. Antenne slightly shorter than in the g ; anterior tibiz feebly curved.
In both sexes the apical joint of the maxillary palpi is strongly
securiform, and the pygidium is truncate at the apex and rather short.
The hairs on the anterior femora in the male are long and conspicuous.
Morpetia Fascrata, Linn.
3. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi broad and triangular; anterior femora
and the second and third joints of the maxillary palpi ciliate within.
. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi subcultriform, with the inner apical
angle rounded ; antenne a little shorter than in the male.
In both sexes the anterior tibie are feebly curved.
Morvetia acuLeata, Linn.
3g. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi broad and triangular, the second joint
dilated ; anterior femora and the second and third joints of the maxillary palpi
ciliate ; anterior tibiz curved; pygidium elongate.
9. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi subtriangular ; pygidium shorter.
Like MW. fasciata, this is a very variable species on the continent.
Morpeiistena (MorpELLocHRoA) ABDoMINALIS, Fabr.
6. Narrow ; thorax black, or black with the hind angles rufescent; antennz
with the third joint much shorter than the fourth or following joints; maxillary
palpi black, the apical joint long and boat-shaped (cylindriform according to
Schilsky), testaceous at the tip, the second and third joints stout and ciliate ; abdo-
men fulvous, blackish in the middle.
9. Broader ; thorax and abdomen fulvous; antennz with the third and fourth
joints subequal ; maxillary palpi testaceous or black, the apical joint oblong-ovate
and truncate at the tip (gourd-shaped according to Schilsky), the second and third
joints narrow.
The sexual! differences in the form of the palpi have already been
_ described and figured by me (cf Ent. Mo. Mag., xxvii, p. 287). The
male of this species appears to be very much rarer than the female.
130 June,
MorDELLISTENA HUMERALIS, Linn.
g. Anterior tibie strongly curved; apical joint of the maxillary palpi sub-
triangular, the second joint dilated towards the apex and curved.
?. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi oblong-subtriangular, the second joint
triangular, with the inner apical angle acute, the third joint narrow.
I have never seen a British example of J. lateralis (Oliv.), as
defined by Schilsky, regarded by some authors (including Schilsky) as
distinct from MZ. humeralis, and by others as a variety of that species.
British specimens of JZ. humeralis vary a good deal in the colour of
the thorax and in the extent of the fulvous humeral patch of the
elytra. Olivier’s figure agrees better with JZ humeralis than with
Schilsky’s definition of IL. lateralis.
Morve.iistena Neuwatpecarana, Panz. (brunnea, Fabr.).
3. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi oblong-subtriangular, the seeond joint
slightly dilated towards the apex ; anterior tibie strongly curved; antenne mode-
rately long.
?. Apical joint of the maxillary palpi more rounded on the inner side; an-
tenn shorter.
In this species the antennez appear to be constantly much longer
in the male than in the female. Panzer’s name antedates that of
Fabricius by five years, and it is adopted in the “ Munich Catalogue,”
as well as by Schilsky and other writers.
MorDELLISTENA BREVICAUDA, Muls.
6. Anterior femora ciliate; anterior tibie slightly thickened near the base;
pygidium about twice the length of the hypopygium.
?. Pygidium about one-half longer than the hypopygium.
MorDELLISTENA PUMILA, Gyll.
6. Anterior tibie slightly thickened near the base ; antenne moderately long.
9. Antenne shorter.
Some authors also use the relative width of the fourth and fifth
antennal joints as a sexual character, but I am unable to verify this.
The pygidium is long and acute in both sexes.
MorDELLISTENA PARVULA, Gyll.
Bue Narrow ; anterior tibie strongly curved, a little thickened near the base ;
second joint of the maxillary palpi slightly swollen; pygidium moderately long.
. Broader ; second and third joints of the maxillary palpi narrower than in
the male; pygidium shorter.
Horsell, Woking :
April 28th, 1898.
1898.] 1S
NEW CORSICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.
PYRALIDINA.
PTEROPHORID.
ALUCITA, L. (Wlsm. and Drnt.).
ALUCITA ACARNELLA, sp. n.
Antenne minutely biciliate ; whitish. Palpi projecting less than the length of
the head beyond it; apical joint short, basal joint with short brush-like scaling
beneath ; whitish. Head and face brownish-grey, with a paler frontal band between
the eyes. Thorax whitish-ochreous, with a slight brownish-grey suffusion not
reaching the end of the tegule. Fore-wings pale brownish-grey, the dorsal margin
whitish throughout, narrowly before the middle, but extending to the whole width
of the tornal lobe beyond it; there is a scarcely appreciable darker, elongate, costal
shade-spot above and beyond the base of the fissure ; cilia on the lower margin of
the apical lobe, as well as on tle upper margin of the tornal lobe, white, tipped with
greyish-brown, with some faint whitish streaks running through them before and
about the middle of the lobe. Hap.al.,21—24 mm. Hind-wings bronzy-brownish,
the abdominal lobe paler than the other two; cilia of all the lobes bronzy-brownish.
Abdomen very pale yellowish-ochreous, with a distinct brownish-grey line along the
dorsum. Hind legs whitish, a slight shade of brownish-grey along the outer sides
of the tibie and first tarsal joints; spurs whitish, with brownish-grey lines through-
out their length beneath. (On the under-side the cilia of the apical lobe of the
hind-wings, as well as the outer half of the lobe itself, are distinctly whitish, in
other respects the cilia are as above, but no pale line is visible along the dorsum
of the fore-wings).
Type, &, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab. : Corsica, Restonica Valley (above Corté). Larva, Pic-
nomon acarna, 26, V, excl. 18—28, VI, 1896. Three specimens.
The larve feed on Picnomon acarna in the Restonica Valley, above
Corté, where they were not rare upon the few plants I found during
a hurried visit on May 26th. They are pale greenish, covered with
long white hairs, and both in their appearance and manner of feeding
reminded me at the time so forcibly of those of Alucita punctinervis,
Const., that I thought they could belong to no other species ; three
specimens, however, were bred during the month of June, and at
once recognised as distinct, although not remotely allied to tetradac-
tylus, L., and others of the same group.
TINEINA.
GELECHIADZ.
ARISTOTELIA, Hb.
132 (June,
ARISTOTELIA FRANKENIA, Sp. 1.
Antenne delicately annulated with black and white. Palpi whitish, with two
blackish bands round the second joint and three on the apical joint. Head whitish-
cinereous. Thorax orange-ochreous, spotted anteriorly with coppery-brown. Fore-
wings bright orange-ochreous, a rich coppery-brown triangle reaching to one-third
of the costa from the base fills the space above the fold, and is margined obliquely
outward from the costa by a silvery-metallic band reaching to the fold, a few jet-
black scales on its inner edge near the lower extremity; a similar silvery band
crosses the narrow end of the triangle near the base ; below the fold is a narrow
silvery line running outward from the base nearly to the dorsum; a little beyond
the middle a silvery-metallic band crosses somewhat obliquely outward from costa
to dorsum, its upper extremity showing a few white scales and an elongate jet-black
spot lying at its outer edge about the middle; another silvery band follows this,
inverted from costa to dorsum, but not touching the previous one, its costal extremity
distinctly white ; beyond this is a small white costal spot, with another at the apex
not reaching through the leaden-grey cilia; the costa beyond the median fascia is
shaded to the apex between the markings with rich coppery-brown, a few metallic
scales are visible on the termen. zp. al., 8—9 mm. Hind-wings somewhat
shining, pale grey; cilia leaden-grey. Abdomen leaden-grey, banded with white
beneath. Legs cupreous, hind tibie and tarsi banded with white.
Type, 6 2, Mus. Wlsm.
flab. : Corstca, Punta Parata, Iles Sanguinaires. Larva, Frank-
enva pulverulenta, 5, V. Imago, 5, V—22, VI, 1896. Highteen
specimens.
This species is nearly allied to Aristotelia brizella, Tr., but is quite
distinct. I found it attached to Frankenia pulverulenta among the
rocks at Punta Parata and the Iles Sanguinaires, near Ajaccio, at the
beginning of May. The moths were with difficulty disturbed from
among the matted growth of this low plant, on which I found several
larve feeding among the shoots, closely collected together by their
webs; from these larve the moths emerged from the middle of May
until the end of June.
(ECOPHORID&.
DEPRESSARIA, Hw.
(SIGANOROSIS, Wlern.).
DEPRESSARIA RADIOSQUAMELLA, Sp. 1.
Antenne brownish-fuscous. Palpi pale cinereous, with two blackish bands on
the second joint externally, the apical joint almost entirely covered with blackish
scales, except at its apex. Head rosy-cinereous above, face shining whitish-cinereous.
Thorax pale cinereous, with a slight rosy tinge, tegule shaded with fuscous. Fore-
wings pale cinereous, with a rosy tinge, smeared with fuscous, especially towards the
base of the fold and dorsum, beyond which are a number of slightly radiating, short,
blackish streaks following the line of the cell and the veins above and beyond it ;
1898.] 133
these are interrupted by groups of whitish scales, some placed obliquely outward
between the middle of the costa and the end of the cell, some parallel with the
outer extremity of the cell, others preceding the termen and apex parallel to the
margin of the wing, one group more conspicuous than the others forms a rounded
white spot at the outer end of the cell, preceded by a few whitish scales at a little
distance from it, also on the cell; cilia shining bronzy-cinereous, with a rosy tinge
and darker speckling along their base. Zep. al.,20 mm. Hind-wings shining pale
bone-colour ; cilia the same colour, with a faint greyish shade-line running through
them near their base. Under-side with four or five dark fuscous spots visible at and
beneath the apex, but not running through the cilia. Abdomen shining pale
brownish-cinereous. Legs brownish-cinereous, hind tibie banded externally with
bronzy-fuscous, the tibize also with three bronzy fuscous annulations, diminishing in
proportion to the size of the joints.
Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab.: Corsica, Tavignano Valley (Corté), 28, V, 1896. One
specimen.
A single specimen occurred in the Tavignano Valley, at Corté, on
May 28th, evidently freshly emerged from the pupa. It belongs to
the group of albipunctella, Hb., and cherophylli, Z., and is decidedly
darker than floridella, Mn. I can find no species from which it is not
actually distinct.
DEPRESSARIA RADIOSQUAMELLA, Wlsm. ?.
A second specimen, possibly referable to the same species, but less distinctly
marked, occurred on May 12th, at Ponte-alla-Leccia. It differs in the apical joint
of the palpi having two distinct dark rings instead of being darkly scaled through-
out, and the second joint shows no division between its external dark shading as in
the type. The fore-wings are somewhat less rosy, the discal spot is inconspicuous,
and the blackish lines are scarcely traceable, the whole apical portion being covered
by asmoky shade. It bears, however, sufficient resemblance to the type to prevent
me from regarding it in the absence of a series as anything more than a suffused
variety. Lap. al., 24 mm.
Hab.: Corsica, Ponte-alla-Leccia, 12, V, 1896. A single 9.
BORKHAUSENIA, Hb.
=*(ECOPHORA, auct. (vide ante, p. 34).
BORKHAUSENIA PULVERISQUAMIS, sp. 1.
Antenne (%) biserrate on their outer half, basal joint with strong pecten;
brownish-cinereous. Palpi slender, recurved, reaching scarcely as high as the
vertex, not thickly clothed; apical joint shorter than the second ; brownish-cine-
reous. Head and thorax smooth, brownish-cinereous. Fore-wings pale greyish-
fuscous, profusely dusted with pale brownish-cinereous scales, evenly distributed
throughout, but leaving two discal spots and one plical spot somewhat ill-defined,
the plical spot is almost exactly under the first discal, but if anything a little farther
134 (June,
from the base; cilia pale greyish-fuscous, sprinkled along their base with pale
brownish-cinereous. Hap. al.,15 mm. Hind-wings dark greyish; cilia brownish-
cinereous. Abdomen leaden-grey. Legs pale brownish-cinereous ; hind tibie hairy
above.
Type, 6, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab. : Corstca, Corté, 22—27, V, 1896. Two specimens taken
flying among low herbage.
(To be continued).
TEN WEEKS AT THE FOOT OF BEINN DOIREANN (BEN DOHORAN)
IN SEARCH OF CADDIS FLIES IN 1897.
BY JAMES J. F. X. KING, F.E.S.
The summer of 1897 proved to be a very poor one for Lrichoptera,
as far as Bridge-of-Orchy and neighbourhood was concerned ; during
the latter part of June TZrichoptera were fairly common flying about,
but during July and August they were very scarce; many reasons
might be adduced for this, the bad weather which prevailed during
those two months having much to do with the scarcity, although the
want of good shelter for the insects during wet weather being to me
the main cause. Trees, except a few along the River Orchy, and
those which form Loch Tulla Wood, do not exist in the district, under-
growth, unless we count stunted heather, being wanting. In fact,
the whole country-side, when we think that it lies between Loch Awe
and Loch Rannoch, was very disappointing.
One good insect was taken, I refer to Limnophilus elegans, this is
the second captured Scottish specimen; the other species taken, with
the exception of Polycentropus Kingi, being such as wight be found
in any Highland locality.
A list of species follows.
Limnophilus lunatus, at Loch Tulla, and also on the sides of Ben Dohoran ;
elegans, one specimen beaten out of alder along the River Orchy on June 17th,
although I worked hard to get more of this species I was not fortunate ; zgnavus, not
uncommon along the River Orchy, and also along the Burn sides up Ben Dohoran ;
centralis, common all over the district ; auricula, beaten out of firs in Loch Tulla
Wood and Cranach Wood ; griseus, a few on the River Orchy, and a few specimens
were taken in Cranach Wood; extricatus, not uncommon along the River Orchy ;
luridus, very common along the River Orchy by beating the trees; sparsus, along
the river sides.
Stenophylax stellatus, not uncommon both on Ben Dohoran and along the
rivers; latipennis, only found in the neighbourhood of Cranach and Loch Tulla
woods.
Micropterna lateralis, on Ben Dohoran.
1898. ] 135
Eeclisopteryx guttulata, small specimens of this species were taken near the
River Orchy.
Sericostoma personatum, this species was taken along with the last.
Lepidostoma hirtum, not uncommon along the rivers.
Leptocerus alboguttatus, Loch Tulla; annulicornis, common along the rivers ;
cinereus, on Ben Dohoran ; commutatus, not uncommon along the Orchy ; bzlineatus,
Loch Tulla, not uncommon.
Mystacides azurea, along with the last species.
Hydropsyche instabilis, this species abounded everywhere, on still evenings it
might be seen dancing in scores above every little knoll.
Philopotamus montanus, on various mountain streams.
Plectrocnemia conspersa, along with last species.
Polycentropus flavomaculatus, common on the rivers; multiguttatus, Loch
Tulla ; Kingi, on little streams flowing into the River Orchy.
Rhyacophila dorsalis, common.
Agapetus comatus, common.
Hydroptila femoralis and forcipata, both species very common on the rivers.
207, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow :
May, 1898.
REVISION OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF WICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.,
AND
JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Mem. Soc. Ent. DE FRANCE.
(Continued from page 35).
ALABONTA, Hb.
= *HARPELLA, Meyr.
Meyrick, Pr. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., 1X, 723 (1884), when describing
his genus Peltophora pointed out that forficella, Sc., differed in neura-
tion and in the structure of its palpi from the other species included
in the European list under Harpella, Schrk. For this reason he con-
stituted forficella one of the types of his new genus Peltophora, and
consequently restricted the genus Harpella to the species included in
the European lists. Unfortunately forficella is the type of Harpella,
being cited by Schrank himself [Fn. Boica, II (2), 168 (1802)], and
consequently Harpella = § Peltophora, Meyr., while * Harpella, Meyr.
(nec Schrk.), requires another name, and should in future be known
as Alabonia, Hb., moreover, Peltophora is pre-occupied in Hemiptera
(Burm., 1835).
ALABONIA, Hb.
Type, Tinea geoffroyella, L. (tyeoffrella, L.), Steph., 1834.
ALABONIA, Hb., Verz. bek. Schm., 418 (1826).
136 (June,
1. geoffroyella, L., Hb., 123. 2. bracteella, L., Hb., 156.
3. olivierella, F. (= emulella, Hb., 222).
Stph., Ill. Br. Ent., Haust. [V, 226—7 (1834), 422 (18385).
1. geoffroyella, L.
Westw., Syn. Gen. Br. Ins., 110—11 (1840) ; Westw. and Humph.,
Br. Moths, IT, 196 (1854).
= *Enicostoma, Dp., Lp. Fr., XI, 22—3, 413—4 (1838), [ec Stph., Ill. ].
geoffroyella, L. (geoffrella, L., Dp.).
— Harpewta (auct. partim, Ster. Cat., &c.).
= *Harpetua, Meyr., HB. Br. Lp., 632 (1895), nec Schrk.
HARPELLA, Schrk.
Type, Tinea forficella, Sc. (Schrk., 1802).
Harpewta, Schrk., Fn., Boica, II (2), 168 (1802).
Type, forficella, Sc. (= proboscoidella, Sulz., Schrk.).
Z. Is., 1839, 191. Harpetra, Schrk. (Lampros, Tr.), Z. Is., 1847, 823.
= Lampros, Tr., Schm., Eur., [X (2), 57 (18383).
1. forficella, Sc. (= majorella, Hb., Tr.); 2. stipella, L. (=
sulphurella, Hb, Tr.) ; 3. similella, Hb.; 4. rupella, Schiff. (= *capi-
tella, Tr.) ; 5. bracteella, L.; 6. denisella (Schiff.), F.; 7. citrinalis,
Se. (= christiernella, Hb., Tr.) ; 8. quercana, F. (= faganella, Tr.).
Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., XI, 17—18, 257—8 (1888).
1. forficella, Sc. (= majorella, Hb., Dp.).
= Oroputia, Hb., Verz. bek. Schm., 405 (1826), parti.
1. forficella, Sc. (= majorella, Hb., 120), and two other species
now included in Rhinosia.
Type, Cryptolechia privatella, Wkr. (Wkr., 1864).
= Cuezata, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXIX, 787 (1864).
Type, privatella, Wkr. (= allatella, Wkr.).
Type, Cryptopeges fulvia, Btl. (Btl., 1882).
= Crrproprecss, Btl., Ann. and Mag. N. H. (5s.), [X, 100—1 (1882).
Type, fulvia, Btl.
= §PetrorHora, Meyr., Pr. Lin. Soc., N.S.W. [ VII, 421 (18838) ], IX,
722—8 (1884). Twenty-three species, including—
1. forficella, Sc. (Type of Harprtua, Schrk.).
14. fulvia, Btl. (Type of Cryprorrcss, Btl.).
22. privatella, Wkr. (Type of Curzata, Wkr.).
The name Peltophora is pre-occupied in Hemiptera (Burm., 1835).
(To be continued).
1898.] 137
Diptera from Suffolk, Aberdeen, §ce.— During the last two or three years
a good many Diptera have passed through my hands. They have been prin-
cipally received from Mr. Claude Morley of Ipswich, Mr. W. H. Tuck of Tostock,
Bury St. Edmunds, Mr. J. Mearns of Aberdeen, and Messrs. W. W. Esam and L.
B. Hall of Hastings. It may be of interest to enumerate some of the more con-
spicuous species.
Limyosipz.-—Phalacrocera replicata, L., both imago and larve from Aberdeen ;
the larva is covered with hairs, and feeds among submerged mosses (cf. Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., 1897).
STRATIOMYIDE.—Pachygaster ater, Pz., Ipswich; Chrysonotus bipunctatus,
Scop., and Actina tibialis, Mg., Ipswich and Tostock ; Sargus flavipes, Mg., Tostock.
TaBaNipH.— Hematopota crassicornis, Whibg., ¢ & 2, and Thervoplectes
montanus, Mg., § & 2, Aberdeen.
Asitipz.—Laphria flava, L., § & 9, taken near Banchory, September, 1889,
these specimens are now in the British Museum; Epitriptus cingulatus, F., Ipswich
and Aberdeen.
BomByLip®.—The beautiful Anthrax fenestrata, Fln., Chobham.
SyrpHip#.—Syrphus punctulatus, Verr., Aberdeen; S. tricinctus, Fln., Win-
chelsea, Woking and Aberdeen ; Xanthogramma ornatum, Mg., Tostock; Brachyopa
bicolor, Fln., Guestling; Sericomyia borealis, Fln., bred, and S. lappona, L., Aber-
deen ; Helophilus transfugus, L., Southwold and Winchelsea; H. vittatus, Mg.,
Winchelsea; Criorrhina berberina, F., Guestling ; C. floccosa, Mg., Tostock ; Pocota
apiformis, Schrk., this rare and handsome insect was bred by Mr. W. H. Tuck from
the nest of a Bombus, the larva is said to feed on decayed wood; Xylota lenta, Mg.,
Southwick, Hants; Humerus lunulatus, Mg., Ipswich, Tostock and Guernsey.
ConoPipz.—Oonops ceriiformis, Mg., g & 9, Ipswich; Oncomyia atra, F.,
Ipswich, Tostock and Guernsey.
CstRipz.—Cephenomyia auribarbis, Mg., larvee from Aberdeen, imago from
Mr. Percy Grimshaw of Edinburgh.
TACHINIDE.— Gonia ornata, Mg., Ipswich and Tostock ; Chetolyga quadripus-
tulata, F., Guernsey.
CoRrDYLURID#.— Ceratinostoma ostiorum, Hal., Ipswich.
Sciomyzip.——Lucina fasciata, Mg.,Guernsey ; Elgiva dorsalis, ¥., EL. cucularia,
L., and Tetanocera punctata, F., Winchelsea, the latter species also from Ipswich ;
Sciomyza Schenherri, F\n., Ipswich, Pevensey and Winchelsea.
Psitipm.— Chyliza atriseta, Mg., Ipswich.
OrraLip#.—Ulidia erythrophthalma, Mg., Winchelsea; Chrysomyza deman-
data, F., Ipswich and Tostock.
TRYPETIDH.— Gonyglossum Wiedemanni, Mg.,lpswich; Carphotricha guttularis,
Mg., St. Leonards; Tephritis formosa, Lw., Ipswich.
Loncux1pm.— Palloptera ustulata, Fln., and Toxoneura muliebris, Harris,
Tostock.
HETERONEURIDE.— Trigonometopus frontalis, Mg., Ipswich.
CuLoropip&.—Platycephala planifrons, F., Ipswich and Benacre Broad.
These last two interesting species, though figured by Curtis in his “ British
Entomology,” are not described by Walker in the “Insecta Britannica Diptera,”
although figures (copied from Curtis) of the heads and other details are given in
M
138 [June,
the plates to vol. ii of that work. The same may be said of Lucina fasciata, Mg.,
which I have received from Guernsey, as mentioned above. —H. N. BLooM¥FIELD,
Guestling Rectory: April, 1898.
Scolopostethus grandis, Horv., at Tunbridge Wells.—1 found about a dozen of
this species on Easter Monday among dead leaves on Rusthall Common; all but one
female were brachypterous. It is in all probability not uncommon, but I have only
met with it previously on one occasion near Woking and once at Chobham. It is
darker than the common affinis and somewhat larger, and I rather hoped at first
that I was catching S. pilosus, Reut., a species which has not yet occurred in this
country, but I was undeceived as soon as I was able to examine them at home.
S. pilosus should be looked for, as it occurs in Sweden and France, and may very
probably turn up here. It is like the other forms in general colour and pattern, but
rather duller than most of them, and with distinet projecting hairs on the pronotum
and elytra; the mesosternum has no tubercles in front of the intermediate coxe. I
believe it is found amongst dead leaves, &&.— Epwarp Saunpers, St. Ann’s,
Woking: May 11th, 1898.
Acanthie on tame rabbits.—Mr. C. W. Dale writes to me—“ Do you know that
Kirby and Spence in their introduction to Entomology mention a Cimezx being
attached to tame rabbits. I have never heard of such; have you?” The passage
referred to is at p. 89 (7th ed.), and is as follows:—‘‘ Our domestic rabbits some-
times swarm with the bed-bug. This was the case with some kept by two young
gentlemen at my house last summer to such a degree, that I found it necessary to
have them killed.” Well, I had marked this in the margin of my copy of the book
with a !, and my wonder has not become less during the more than forty years that
have elapsed since. At the time the passage was written there was but one species
of Cimex (A. lectularia) known, and its ubiquitous tramps abroad and at home
did not seem wonderful. But now that (the said power of travel not being im-
paired) several species of the genus, each specially attached to other creatures than
man are known, it appears to me to be doubtful if the species referred to, as stated,
was really A. /ectularia, this idea being strengthened by the remark of Kirby and
Spence, at p. 87 previous, that “ pigeons often swarm with the bed-bug,” that kind
being now well known to be the distinct A. columbaria, Jenyns. The investigation
of the identity or dissimilarity of Acanthie infesting different animals is not inviting
to the unscientific mind, and considering that by the class of persons who would
have the greatest chance of observing them in nature the insects would at once be
put beyond the power of scientific observers, it is not wonderful that so few dis-
coveries in this direction have been made. Perhaps, now that attention to the
subject is being awakened, some endeavours may be made to determine in some
degree how many more species of Acanthia are still awaiting the distinction of being
called up and named.—J. W. Dovetas, 153, Lewisham Rd., 8.H.: May 13th, 1898.
Aphodii in the burrows of Geotrupes.— Apropos of Mr. E. J. Burgess Sopp’s
"note on the habits of Aphodius (Heptaulacus) testudinarius (ante p. 114), it may be
worth while to call attention to Dr. T. A. Chapman’s record of Aphodius poreus
ovipositing in the burrows of Geotrupes stercorarius (ef. Ent. Mo. Mag., v, p. 273,
and vi, p. 230).—G. C. Coampion, Horsell, Woking: May 10th, 1898.
1898.] | 139
Philonthus fuscus, Grav., in Chatham Dockyard.— A small black poplar tree in
Chatham Dockyard, much infested by the larve of Cossus, which for the last two
years I have passed twice nearly every day, and have often examined for Coleoptera,
unexpectedly yielded five specimens of this very rare Philonthus on April 27th and
28th. They were found among last year’s damp Cossus frass under small pieces of
loose bark where a good sized limb had been broken off the tree, and were exceed-
ingly active, reminding me not a little, in their general aspect and manner of
running, of one of the bark-frequenting species of Quedius—scitus for example. In
the same tree I have recently taken Silusa rubiginosa, Er., rather freely.—JAamEs J.
WALEER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness: May 9th, 1898.
Review.
BRITISH ORTHOPTERA (Harwigs, Grasshoppers and Crickets): by Matcorm
Bourg, F.Z.S., F.E.S., with 6 plates by S. L. Mostry, F.E.S. Pp.69. Huddersfield :
The Economic and Educational Museum. 1897.
This work first appeared in the “Naturalist’s Journal.” The still youthful
author is well known as an enthusiast in Orthoptera, and we cannot help wishing
he had matured his ideas by a year or two before committing himself to print,
still the work will prove useful on account of its genuine nature. We are sorry
not to be able to praise the plates; the drawing is not very bad, but the colouring
leaves very much to be desired. A mistake has been made in admitting species that
at present can be only considered as unestablished casuals. An odd, but evidently
innocent, inversion of fact occurs in the opening lines of the “ Introduction.” The
price of the work is almost nominal, and to those of our readers who possess Mr. Eland
Shaw’s “Synopsis,” published in this Magazine, vol. xxv, and second series, vol. i
(1889-90), it will form a useful supplement.
Obituary.
William Miles Maskell, Registrar of the University of New Zealand. Informa-
tion has been received by telegram of the death on May 1st (unexpected we think)
of our esteemed correspondent and contributor, Mr. W. M. Maskell, so well known
for his researches in Coccide, and who also published on Aleurodide and Psyllide
amongst insects, and on Desmids in Microscopie Botany ; in fact, it is possible he
began originally as a microscopist in a general sense, afterwards limiting his re-
searches with the beneficial results to science and economic entomology so widely
familiar. The majority of his papers have appeared in the “Transactions of the
New Zealand Institute,” the first having been published in 1879. At first he
restricted himself to the species found in New Zealand, but later on those of
Australia (especially the curious gall-making Brachyscelide), Asia, &c., came under
his notice, he having become a recognised authority on the subject of Coccide. He
usually published at least one paper a year in New Zealand, the later ones being
lengthy, and all copiously illustrated by his own drawings. We think there is no
one to take up his work in New Zealand, though perhaps he may find a successor in
Australia. Of his age and early life we at present know nothing : possibly we may
be ably to supply these details later on.
M 2
140 [June,
Jules Migneaux, the celebrated French entomological artist, died at Billancourt
(Seine) on March 2nd, 1898, after a short illness. He probably first came into note
as an insect draughtsman by the plates illustrating Jacquelin Duval’s Genera des
Coléoptéres, and for many years the “ Annales” of the Entomological Society of
France have been largely enriched by his pencil. Beginning as simply a draughtsman
he latterly (for more than ten years) engraved his own figures, showing a delicacy of
touch and beauty of finish that has been rarely equalled.
Prof. Mariano de la Paz Graélis, an entomologist of considerable merit, and a
Spanish Senator, died at Madrid on February 13th in his 80th year. He was Pro-
fessor of Comparative Anatomy in the University of Madrid, and at one time paid
much attention to entomology, publishing his papers in the Annales de la Soe.
Ent. de France, of which Society he had been a Member since 1832.
Societies.
BirMINGHAM EnTomMoLoGicaL Society: February 21st, 1898.—Mr. G. T.
BETHUNE-BAKER, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. R. C. Bradley showed Capua favillaceana, which had been common in
Sutton Park last year, though in previous years he had only seen occasional speci-
mens. Mr. P. W. Abbott showed a very fine and well marked bright series of
Lycena Arion from Cornwall, also Gnophos obscuraria from Lewes, with var. cal-
calceata and an intermediate form. Mr. Bethune-Baker showed two drawers from
his collection, containing a portion of the genus Colias.
March 21st, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a locust found in imported vegetables at King’s
Norton; it had been identified by Mr. Malcolm Burr as Acridium egyptium. Mr.
P.W. Abbott, a short series of Phorodesma bajularia from Wyre Forest; a specimen
of Grammesia trigrammica with the outer half of the wings, from the median bar,
very dark, and the inner half light ; also a series of Hecatera dysodea from the Fens :
he likewise showed a series of the Cornish Lyc@na Arion, for comparison with some
exhibited by Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker from the Gloucester locality. The Cornish
ones were decidedly and conspicuously brighter and handsomer looking specimens,
with quite a distinct type of blue, quite different not only from the Gloucester ones,
but also from all of a long series shown by Mr. Bethune-Baker from Switzerland
and the Amur, &c. Both the Gloucester and Cornish specimens were taken in the
same year (1896), and all were in very good condition. Mr. Bethune-Baker also
showed some of distinctly darker colour belonging to well defined varieties, var.
obscura from the Alps, and var. abralensis from the Urals; in the latter specimens
the blue colour had nearly disappeared : also a number of other Palearctic species
of Lycena, including those most nearly allied to Arion. Mr. R. C. Bradley
read a paper on the Aculeate Hymenoptera, illustrating it with eight boxes of insects
and some very good diagrams, which had been drawn by Mr. A. H. Martineau ;
My. Martineau also showed in connection with the paper a collection of nests, &., of
Aculeates in wood, pierced stems, &.—CoLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Secretary.
1898. ] 141
Tue Souta Lonpon EntomotoeicaL anpd Naturat History Society:
February 24th, 1898.—Mr. J. W. Tutt, F.E.8., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Kaye, Worcester Park, Surrey; and Mr. Chatterton, F.E.S., 7, Clissold
Road, Stoke Newington, were elected Members.
Mr. G. Stevens exhibited several fine varieties of Lasiocampid moths, including
bright yellow-brown B. trifolii, B. quercis, with semitransparent hind-wings, a
dark, well banded B. rubi, and a remarkably light L. quercifolia. Mr. J. A. Clarke,
his series of the Lasiocampide, including many fine and extreme forms of variation.
Mr. R. Adkin, fine series and varieties of many of the same family. Mr. Tutt, an
inbred series of Zygena filipendule, showing the gradual coalescence of the spots,
and the usual order of this joining; a Brephos parthenias from Leicester, having
yellow hind-wings; and a yellow variety of Arctia fuliginosa. Myr. F. Clarke,
Photo-micrograph of the curious scales of the aberrant Lepidopteron, Pseudopontia
paradoza. Mr. Tutt read a paper, entitled, “The Lasiocampid Moths,” illustrating
it with specimens, diagrams, and the blackboard. A discussion ensued, Dr. Chapman,
Messrs. J. A. Clarke, R. Adkins, J. Stevens, Hillsworth, McArthur, and Tutt taking
part.
March 10th, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. Donisthorpe, F.E.S., 73, West Cromwell Road; Mr. F. Bouskell, F.E.S.,
Leicester; Mr. F. Lemann, F.E.S., Plymouth; Mr. Parkins, Battersea; and Mr.
Bevins, Clapham Common ; were elected Members.
The evening was devoted to the exhibition of a large number of admirable
Photo-micrographs, made by Mr. Fred. Clark, together with a number of slides
showing details of the Odonata (dragon-flies) made by Mr. Lucas. The slides were
of particular interest, as the objects were shown in many cases by other members
and handed to Mr. Clark, who photographed and most skilfully manipulated them
for exhibition in the Society’s lantern.
March 24th, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. Adkin exhibited specimens of Grammesia trigrammica (trilinea), in which
the ground colour was so darkened as to obliterate the usual transverse lines ; these
were known as the Lewes form. Mr. Moore, a pale pigmented variety of Anosia
Wenippe (Archippus) from the Malay Archipelago; it was noted that such a varia-
tion of this species was hitherto unknown. Mr. Cant, a series of strongly marked
specimens of Hybernia defoliaria from Dean Forest, and a dark costal form specimen
of Xylomyges conspicillaris from Worcester.
April 14th, 1898.—Mr. R. Apxin, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
My. Harrison exhibited a number of living specimens of a Coleopteron from
Bombay ; it was a species of the Cassida group, and looked like a piece of pure
gold; it was stated that this appearance was lost after death. Mr. South, on behalf
of Rey. A. Snell, a curious specimen of Leucania littoralis, having darkened hind-
wings; specimens of Leptogramma ferrugana and Cerostoma radiatella taken this
spring at Oxshott, having hibernated. Mr. Ashby, specimens of the spring-tail,
Machilis polypoda, taken under wood and stones in the New Forest. Mr. Adkin,
various specimens of the Zephrosias; Mr. South and Mr. McArthur both gave
details of the occurrence of very closely allied forms occurring in Japan and Assam
respectively. Mr. South, a large number of specimens of Japanese Lepidoptera
_kindly lent by Mr. Leech to illustrate his (Mr. South’s) paper, entitled, “ British
Species of Lepidoptera occurring in Japan.’—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.
142 June,
THE 7INEINA OF NORTH-WEST KENT AND ADJOINING PORTION
OF SURREY.
BY BENJ. A. BOWER, F.E.S.
It has been suggested that as there does not appear to have been
any account published of the Tineina occurring in the above-named
district, it would be interesting to those studying this group of
Lepidoptera if the species were put on record that have come under
my personal notice during the time, 7. e., the past ten years, I have
given attention to it.
The number of species taken is 380, out of a total of 759 in-
cluded in the British list, which, bearing in mind the restricted
distribution of some, the great rarity of others, and the smallness of
the district worked, appears a very fair proportion. The number
might have been considerably increased by extending the area
under notice, but I have thought it best to confine it to one that I
have pretty thoroughly worked, and so have a good idea of its pro-
ductiveness. It must not be supposed that some species are as local
in the district as might be inferred from this list—many must
necessarily have a far wider range—but to the localities given only
being such as are found in my note books, or on labels attached to
specimens in my collection. :
The localities mentioned are within about twelve miles of Lee,
so are easily accessible to London entomologists ; and can be visited
even by those having very limited leisure, all being within an hour’s
railway journey from town. A considerable portion of the district is
given up to hops, fruit, and game, so that it is virtually beyond the
reach of the entomologist, unless outside influence can be brought to
bear on his behalf. Being so near London, farmers, game-keepers,
etc., are very suspicious of an insect-net, as it is sometimes carried by
those whose pursuits are most distinctly not entomological. Some
species, I regret to say, are year by year becoming less widely dis-
tributed, if not being exterminated; this is chiefly due to the
speculative builder, and so-called improvements. And I cannot help
fearing that several which are recorded as having been taken in the
district are no longer to be found there, as many most careful
searchings in their old haunts, by myself and friends, have ended in
utter failure.
The ground worked is fairly variable and unduiating, though no
great altitude is reached, the highest point (Sanderstead) being oaly
523 feet above sea-level. It comprises pasture and arable lands, large
1898.) 143
tracts of woodland, chalk downs, heaths, and a small extent of marsh
along the rivers Thames, Darenth, and Cray.
I hope this list may induce more Lepidopterists to turn their
attention to this most interesting and much neglected group, and so,
very shortly, make it require a supplement.
Lemnatophila phryganella—generally distributed.
Exapate congelatella—locally common, Eltham.
Diurnea fagella—generally abundant, and very variable in colour.
Epigraphia avellanella—generally distributed, but nowhere common; Stein-
kellneriana—scarce, Bexley, West Wickham.
Taleporia pseudo-bombycella—common as larve in many places, imagines
seldom seen.
Solenobia inconspicuella—uncommon, Bexley.
Diplodoma marginepunctella—rare, Bexley.
Xysmatodoma melanella—local and uncommon, Eltham, Lee, Chislehurst,
Greenhithe.
Ochsenheimeria Birdella—locally common, Lee ; bisontella—abundant, Dart-
ord Heath; vacculella—common, Lee, Lewisham, Shooter’s Hill, Mottingham.
Scardia boleti—rare, Bexley ; corticella—locally common, Lee, Bexley, Black-
heath ; parasitella—common some seasons, Eltham, Bexley, West Wickham,
Chislehurst, Greenhithe ; granella—in most granaries and flour mills visited ; cloa-
cella—generally abundant ; arcella—uncommon, Bexley, Lee, Eltham, Greenhithe,
Chislehurst.
Tinea ferruginella—generally distributed and not uncommon; rusticella—
generally abundant ; ¢tapetzella—not common, Bexley, Eltham, Beckenham; misella
in most granaries visited ; pellionella and fuscipunctella—too generally common ;
lapella—generally common; biselliella—far too common; semifulvella—generally
distributed and common; distrigella—local and uncommon, Bexley, Eltham; argent-
imaculella—local and scarce, Blackheath, Sidcup, Eltham.
Lampronia quadripunctella—not common, Lee, Bexley, Eltham; luzella—
fairly common some years, Eltham, Bexley, Greenhithe ; prelatella—scarce, Bexley ;
rubiella —abundant, Lee, Eltham, Bexley, Greenhithe.
Ineurvaria masculella—generally distributed and abundant; tenuicornis—a
single specimen, Chislehurst ; (@klmanniella—moderately common, Chislehurst,
Eltham, Bexley, West Wickham ; capitella—locally abundant, Lee, Chislehurst,
Greenhithe, Bexley, Eltham.
Micropteryx calthella—generally common ; Seppella—locally common, Green-
hithe, Eltham, near Farningham, Bexley, Sanderstead ; Allionella—scarce, Chisle-
hurst ; Thunbergella—not uncommon, Bexley, Greenhithe, Addington, Eltham ;
purpurella, semipurpurella, and unimaculella—abundant amongst their food-plant ;
Sangii—scarce, Bexley, Chislehurst; Sparmannella—not common, Chislehurst,
Bexley, Eltham; subpurpurella—generally distributed and abundant.
Nemophora Swammerdammella — common, Bexley, Eltham, Chislehurst ;
Schwarziella—not uncommon, West Wickham, Eltham, Bexley, near Farningham.
Adela fibulella—common, West Wickham, Greenhithe, Shirley, Eltham, Bexley ;
rufimitrella—uncommon, Eltham, Lee, Bexley, Greenhithe ; Degeerella—common
144 [June, 1898.
some seasons, Eltham, West Wickham, Greenhithe, Bexley; viridella—generally
distributed and abundant.
Nemotois scabiosellus —not uncommon, downs south of Croydon; fasciellus—
locally common, Greenhithe.
Swammerdamia combinella —scarce, Eltham; griseocapitella—generally common
amongst its food-plant ; oxyacanthella and pyrella—generally common 3 spiniella—
not uncommon, Lewisham.
Scythropia crategella—scarce, Bexley.
Hyponomeuta plumbellus—common, Bexley, Darenth, Blackheath, Greenhithe ;
padellus—generally abundant ; cognatellus—common, Lee, Bexley.
Prays Curtisellus—generally abundant.
Hidophasia Messingiella—scarce, Eltham.
Plutella maculipennis—generally common; porrectella—not common, Lee,
Greenhithe.
Cerostoma sequella—scarce, near Farningham ; vittella—widely distributed and
common; radiatella—generally abundant; costella—fairly common generally ;
sylvella—not common, Chislehurst, Bexley, Eltham ; scabrella—common, Becken-
ham, Bexley, Eltham, Chislehurst, Bromley ; memorella—uncommon, Bexley ;
aylostella—generally abundant.
Theristis caudella—not common, Eltham, Darenth, Bexley.
Orthotelia sparganella—common, Lee.
Enicostoma lobella—abundant, Kidbrooke, Lee, Greenhithe.
Phibalocera quercana—generally common.
Depressaria costosa—generally abundant amongst its food-plants ; l¢wrella—
common, Chislehurst, Lee, Bexley, Bromley, Eltham ; assimilella—common, Lee,
Dartford Heath ; nanatella—not uncommon, near Foot’s Cray, near Farningham ;
scopariella—scarce, Lee; arenella—generally common; propinquella—common,
Bexley, Eltham, near Foot’s Cray, Darenth, Greenhithe; subpropinquella—scarce,
Darenth ; rhodochrella—rare, Darenth; Alstremeriana—not common, Darenth,
Swanley ; purpurea—uncommon, Darenth, Green Street Green, Bexley ; hypericella
—common, West Wickham, Lee ; conterminella—generally abundant; carduella—
rare, Bexley; ocellana—uncommon, Eltham, Bexley; applana—generally abundant ;
rotundella—common near Farningham; pulcherrimella — common, downs south
of Croydon; Douglasella— uncommon, downs south of Croydon; Weirella —
common, Eltham; cherophylli—fairly common generally; badiella—uncommon,
downs south of Croydon, Dartford Heath, near Foot’s Cray ; heracleana—generally
common.
Gelechia nigra—local and scarce, Lee, Bexley ; ericetella—abundant on most
heaths ; mulinella—common, Lee, Chislehurst, Greenhithe ; sororculella—common,
Lee, Bexley, Eltham, Chislehurst, Shooter’s Hill ; suppeliella—very local, but not
uncommon, West Wickham; diffinis—uncommon, Bexley ; rhombella—common,
Lee, Bexley ; distinctella—uncommon, Dartford Heath ; scalella—common, Green-
hithe, Bexley, Shooter’s Hill, West Wickham, Chislehurst.
Brachmia Mouffetella—common, Lee, Eltham, Bexley, Chislehurst.
Bryotropha terrella—abundant throughout district ; senectella—not common,
Lee, Greenhithe, near Farningham; similis—rare, Lee; affinis—not uncommon,
AUG 2 1898
July, 1898. } 145
Lee, Charlton, Bexley, Mottingham; basaltinella—not uncommon, Greenhithe ;
domestica—scarce, Dartford Heath.
Lita acuminatella—not common, near Farningham, Bexley, downs south of
Croydon ; artemisiella—fairly common, Bexley, near Farningham ; costella—com-
mon, but very local, Lee; maculea—generally common; tricolorella—generally
abundant ; fraternella—lecally common, Lee, Chislehurst, Purley, Eltham ;
wmaculiferella—fairly common, but very local, Lee, Eltham; obsoletella—scarce,
Lee ; atriplicella—generally common.
Teleia proximella—Generally abundant; notatella—not uncommon, Chislehurst,
Eltham ; vulgella and luculella—generally common ; scriptella—locally abundant,
Lee, Eltham, Kidbrooke ; fugitivella—abundant throughout the district ; sequax—
locally common, Bexley, Greenhithe, near Farningham, Purley; dodecella—not
uncommon, Lee, near Farningham, Bexley; triparella—fairly common, Lee,
Darenth, Kidbrook, West Wickham.
Recurvaria leucatella—common, Bexley, Lee, Eltham, Blackheath ; nanella—
locally common, Lee, Bexley, Charlton, Blackheath.
Pecilia nivea—common, Darenth, Bexley, Eltham; albiceps—uncommon,
Eltham, Lee, Ladywell, Bexley.
Nannodia stipella—common, Bexley, Lee, Chislehurst, Lewisham ; Hermannella
—common, Lewisham, Lee, Eltham, Bexley, Greenwich.
Apodia bifractella—common, near Dartford.
Sitotroga cerealella—common in all granaries visited.
Ptocheuusa inopella—not uncommon amongst its food-plant ; subocellea—un-
common, near Farningham.
Ergatis ericinella—abundant, Dartford and Shirley Heaths.
Monochroa tenebrella—common, West Wickham, Eltham, Lee.
Lamprotes atrella—uncommon, Chislehurst, Bexley, Lee.
Aproerema teniolella—common, near Farningham, Lee, Bexley, downs south
of Croydon ; anthyllidella—common, Chislehurst, near Farningham, Lee, Eltham,
Bexley, downs south of Croydon.
Acanthophila alacella—rare, Bexley.
Anacampsis populella—abundant throughout the district.
Acompsia cinerella—common, near Farningham, Bexley.
Ceratophora rufescens—generally abundant.
Cladodes gerronella—scarce, Chislehurst, Lee, Dartford Heath.
Parasia lappella--uncommon, Bexley.
Paltodora cytisella—uncommon, Bexley, Dartford Heath.
Chelaria Hiibnerella—common, Chislehurst, Bexley, West Wickham, Eltham.
Anarsia spartiella—abundant, Plumstead, Chislehurst ; geniste—rare, Lee.
Ypsolophus marginellus—common, Purley ; Schmidiellus—not uncommon, but
very local, near Darenth.
Sophronia parenthesella—uncommon, Bexley, near Farningham.
Pleurota bicostella—abundant on most heaths.
Harpella Geoffrella—generally common.
Qeophora sulphurella—generally abundant ; Oliviella—not uncommon, Bexley,
‘Lee, Greenhithe, Blackheath.
N
146 (July,
Borkhausenia minutella—common, Greenhithe, Bexley, Eltham; trapuncta—
not uncommon, Lewisham, Greenhithe ; augustella—scarce, Bexley, Mottingham ;
lunaris—not common, Chislehurst, Bexley, Eltham ; Panzerella—common, Green-
hithe, Bexley ; unitella—not common, Lee, Blackheath, Bexley, Darenth ; flavifront-
ella—scarce, Chislehurst, Eltham, West Wickham, Bexley; fuscescens—common,
Bexley, Lee, Mottingham, Purley; pseudo-spretella—generally abundant.
Ccogenia quadripuncta—scarce, Lee, Eltham.
Endrosis fenestrella—too generally common.
Butalis senescens—common, downs south of Croydon, near Farningham.
Pancalia Leuwenhekella—common, Greenhithe, Bexley, near Farningham.
Réslerstammia Eralebenella—uncommon, Eltham, Chislehurst, Shirley.
Glyphipteryx fuscoviridella—generally abundant; thrasonella—generally
common, Lee ; Fiseheriella—common, Lee, Eltham, Greenhithe.
Aichmia dentella— common some seasons, Bexley, Greenhithe.
Perittia obscurepunctella—scarce, Lee.
Heliozela sericiella—generally abundant; resplendella—common, Eltham,
Chislehurst ; be¢u/e@—not uncommon, Chislehurst.
Argyresthia nitidella—abundant throughout the district ; semitestacella—
common, West Wickham, Bexley, Sanderstead; albistria—generally common;
conjugella—common, West Wickham, Bexley, Addington ; semifusea—not uncom-
mon, Bexley, Chislehurst, Lee, Eltham, Dartford Heath ; mendiea—uncommon,
Bexley, Greenhithe; glaucinella—scarce, Bexley, Eltham; retinella—generally
abundant ; @bdominalis—not common, downs south of Croydon; dilectella—
common, downs south of Croydon, Blackheath, Lee; curvella—common, Charlton,
West Wickham, Lee, Bexley, Chislehurst ; pygm@ella—fairly common, Chislehurst,
Eltham, Lee, Bexley; Goedartella and Brockeella—generally abundant ; Atmoriella
—uncommon, Chislehurst, Bexley ; arceuthina—downs south of Croydon ; preco-
cella—scarce, downs south of Croydon; aurulentella—common, downs south of
Croydon.
Cedestis farinatella—common, Bexley, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Lee, Eltham.
Ocnerostoma piniariella—abundant, West Wickham, Bexley.
Gracilaria alchemiella—generally abundant; stigmatella—common, Lee,
Eltham, Chislehurst, Bromley, Blackheath ; elongel/a-—not common, Bexley, Eltham,
Chislehurst ; ¢ringipennella—common, Chislehurst, Lee, downs south of Croydon ;
syringella—generally common; omzssella—common, Darenth, Bexley, Eltham,
Greenhithe ; awrogutte/la—fairly common, Lee, West Wickham, Bexley, Eltham.
Coriscium Brongniardellum—scarce, Bexley,
Ornizx avellanella—abundant, Plumstead, Chislehurst, Kidbrooke, Darenth,
Eltham ; anglicella—common, Lewisham, Eltham ; betu/e—common, Chislehurst,
Eltham, Bexley ; guttea—common, Lee, Charlton, Eltham, Mottingham.
Coleophora Fabriciella and deauratella—scarce, Lee; fuscocuprella—tairly
common some seasons, Bexley, Plumstead, Darenth, Greenhithe, Eltham; aleyonz-
pennella—common, but very local, Eltham, Lee, Mottingham ; potentil/e—locally
common, Chislehurst ; paripennella—common, Lee, Chislehurst, Kidbrooke, Bexley,
Darenth; ochrea—not uncommon, Purley; lixella—not uncommon, near Farning-
ham; pyrrhulipennella—uncommon, Dartford Heath ; albicosta—abundant, Dartford
Heath, Chislehurst; anatipennella—common, Lewisham, Lee, Eltham, Bexley,
1898.] 147
Greenhithe; palliatella—fairly common, Eltham, Bexley, Greenhithe, Darenth,
West Wickham; ibipennella—common, Eltham, Chislehurst, West Wickham,
Bexley; ardeepennella—scarce, Eltham, West Wickham ; discordella—not common,
near Farningham, Forest Hill; geniste—common, Chislehurst, Dartford Heath ;
saturatella—fairly common, Lee, Greenhithe ; inflate—not uncommon, Dartford,
Greenhithe ; therinella—locally common, Lee, Mottingham; maritimella—scarce,
near Greenhithe ; ¢roglodytella—common, Eltham, Lee ; lineolea—generally abund-
ant; cespititiella—generally common; laripennella—not uncommon, Lee, Lewisham ;
artemisiella—common, near Greenhithe; argentula—common, Lee, Mottingham ;
virgaurea—generally abundant; hemerobiella—local and uncommon, Charlton,
Bexley; juncicolella—abundant, Dartford Heath, Chislehurst, Shirley Heath ;
laricella—abundant, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Bexley; albitarsella—locally
common, Lee, Chislehurst; nigricella and fuscedinella—generally abundant; gry-
phipennella—common, Lee, Lewisham, Kidbrooke ; sccifolia—scarce, Lewisham ;
bicolorella—abundant, Lee, Eltham, Greenhithe ; viminetella—common, Eltham,
Lewisham, Lee ; olivaceella—common some seasons, Lee, Lewisham, Bexley, West
Wickham, St. Mary’s Cray ; solitariella—generally abundant ; lutipennella—abund-
ant, Eltham, Chislehurst, Bexley ; Wilkinsoni—not uncommon, Chislehurst, Bexley,
West Wickhan, Darenth.
Batrachedra preangusta—generally abundant; pinicolella—not uncommon,
Bexley, Blackheath.
Oinophila v-flava—scarce, Beckenham.
Chauliodus insecurellus—not common, Purley.
Laverna propinquella—uncommon, Bexley ; miscella—common, Greenhithe,
Downs south of Croydon; Stephensi—common, Tooting; fulvescens—generally
abundant; ochraceella—common, Lee, Eltham; subbistrigella—common, Bexley,
Darenth, near Foot’s Cray ; Hellerella—common, Lee, Bexley, Eltham, Greenhithe ;
rhamniella—not uncommon, Sanderstead, Greenhithe.
Chrysoclysta Linneella—common, Lee, Eltham, Blackheath ; bimaculella—a
single specimen, Eltham ; aurifrontella—abundant, Eltham, Lee, Bexley, Charlton.
Cataplectica fulviguttella—common, Lee.
Asychna modestella—fairly common, Greenhithe, Eltham.
Chrysocorys festaliella—not uncommon, Sidcup.
Antispila Pfeifferella—common, Eltham, Bexley, Chislehurst, Lee, Greenhithe ;
Treitschkiella—common, Lewisham.
Elachista Gleichenella—not common, Bexley, Downs south of Croydon ; albi-
frontella—common, Lee, Eltham, Bexley, Darenth ; atricomella—uncommon, Lee,
Eltham, Greenhithe, Sanderstead ; luticomella —common, Lee, Beckenham, Eltham,
Bexley ; poe—scarce, Lewisham ; stabilella—scarce, Bexley, Eltham ; nigrella—
common, Eltham, Beckenham, Greenhithe ; subnigrella—rare, Eltham ; obscurella
—common, Lee, Mottingham, Eltham, Bexley, Tooting, near Farningham ; zonari-
ella—uncommon, Lee; gangabella—a single specimen, Greenhithe ; teniatella—
not common, Dartford Heath; Megerlella-—fairly common, Eltham, Greenhithe,
Lee, Darenth ; adscitella—scarce, Eltham; cerussella—uncommon, Southend ; b2a-
tomella—common, Lee, near Farningham, Downs south of Croydon ; pollinariella—
not common, Bexley; rufocinerea—generally abundant; subalbidella—common,
Chislehurst ; cygnipennella— generally common.
N 2
148 (July,
Tischeria complanella—generally abundant ; dodonea—scarce, Eltham ; mar-
ginea—abundant, Chislehurst, Eltham, Bexley, Shooter’s Hill, Mottingham.
Lithocolletis lantanella—abundant, Bexley, Darenth, Greenhithe; Bremiella—
common, Bexley, Darenth; lawtella—uncommon, Eltham, Chislehurst ; cavella—
fairly common, Chislehurst, Bexley, West Wickham, Darenth; pomifoliella—
generally common ; coryli—abundant, Kidbrooke, Bexley, Eltham, Darenth ; spinz-
colella—common, Eltham ; faginella, common, Mottingham, Bexley ; torminella—
locally abundant, Lewisham ; cerasicolella —abundant, Bexley, Greenhithe ; salici-
colella—common, Eltham, Chislehurst; vimznetorum—ecommon, Lewisham, Chisle-
hurst ; carpinicolella—common, Mottingham, Lewisham, Bexley ; ulmifoliella—
common generally; spinolella, common, Chislehurst, Eltham; quercifoliella—
generally abundant ; messaniella—common, Charlton, Lewisham, Greenhithe ; cory-
lifoliella—common, Bexley, Lee, Lewisham; viminiella—common, Chislehurst,
Eltham ; scopariella—scarce, Lee, Dartford Heath; ulicicolella—uncommon, Dart-
ford Heath; alnifoliella—abundant, Beckenham, Bexley, Eltham, Chislehurst ;
Cramerella—generally abundant; tenella—not uncommon, Bexley, Mottingham,
Lewisham ; sylvella—abundant, Bexley, Mottingham, Kidbrooke, Eltham ; emberi-
zepennella—common, West Wickham, Bexley, Eltham, Darenth; MNzeelliz—not
common, Plumstead, Bexley, Eltham; stettinensis—not uncommon, Eltham ;
Schreberella—abundant, Lee, Eltham, Lewisham, Mottingham ; tristrigella—local
and not common, Lewisham ; ¢rifasciella—fairly common, Darenth, Bexley, Lee,
Dartford Heath ; scabiosella—not uncommon, Downs south of Croydon; comparella
—abundant, Beckenham, Lee, Eltham, Blackheath.
Lyonetia Clerekella—not uncommon, Greenhithe, Bexley.
Phyllocnistis suffusella—abundant, Beckenham, Lee, Bexley, Chislehurst, Mot-
tingham, Bromley, Darenth ; saligna—common, Chislekurst.
Cemiostoma spartifoliella—abundant, Lee ; laburnella—abundant, Lee, Eltham,
Blackheath ; scitella—abundant, Lee, Bexley, Lewisham.
Opostega salaciella—not common, West Wickham, Bexley, Lee.
Bucculatrix nigricomella—abundant, Mottingham, Lee, Chislehurst ; cidarella,
local and uncommon, Eltham, Bexley ; ul/mella—abundant, Bexley ; crategi—not
common, Bexley ; Boyerella—uncommon, Eltham, Bexley, Greenhithe, Sidcup, Lee;
frangulella—abundant, Darenth, Sanderstead ; thoracella—scarce, Bexley ; erista-
tella—abundant, Lee, Bexley.
Nepticula atricapitella and ruficapitella—common, Eltham; anomalella—
abundant, Lee, Lewisham ; pygmceella—common, Mottingham ; oryacanthella—
abundant, Mottingham, Lewisham; viseerella—not uncommon, Lewisham ; eathar-
ticella— abundant, Sanderstead, Darenth, Lee ; subb¢maculella—uncommon, Chisle-
hurst; érimaculella—abundant, Lee, Bexley, Eltham, Beckenham ; floslactella—
common, Bexley, Darenth, Eltham ; salieis—common, Eltham ; microtheriella—
abundant, Darenth, Eltham ; betulicola—abundant, Chislehurst, Darenth; argenti-
pedella—abundant, Chislehurst, Darenth, Eltham, Bexley; plagicolella—common,
Lewisham, Darenth, Eltham; tityrella—abundant, Bexley; marginicolella—not
uncommon, Lewisham; alnetella and glutinose—locally common, Eltham ; fra-
gariella—uncommon, Chislehurst ; auwrella—generally abundant.
Trifurcula atrifrontella—rare, Bexley ; «mmundella—abundant, Lee ; pulvero-
sella—scarce, Eltham.
1898. | 149°
So as to make this list as representative as possible, the species
that have at various times been recorded from the district, but have
not occurred to me, are given below.
Scardia ruricolella—Swanscombe Wood, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd series, viii, p. 80
(1897) ; Lewisham, abundant, Man., ii, p. 292 (1859). Tinea caprimulgella—Black-
heath, Ent. Wk. Int., viii, p. 147 (1860). Nemotois eupriacellus—Sanderstead,
Man., ii, p. 301. Wieropteryx mansuetella and salopiella—West Wickham, Man., ii,
p- 303. Hyponomeuta vigintipunctellus—Beckenham, Man., ii, p. 307. Anesychia
decemguttella—Darenth Wood, Man., ii, p. 309. Cerostoma alpella—Lewisham,
Man., ii, p. 314. Depressaria atomella—Charlton, Man., ii, p. 322; eapreolella—
Sanderstead, Man., ii, p. 323; pimpinelle—near Croydon, Nat. Hist. Tin., vi,
p- 150 (1861). Gelechia immaculatella—once at West Wickham, Man., 11, p. 343 ;
lutulentella—Dartford Heath, Man., ii, p. 345; arundinetella—Lee, Ent. Wk.
Int., iti, p. 91 (1857). Cleodora striatella—Lewisham, Man., ii, p. 348. Hyper-
eallia citrinalis—Darenth Wood, Greenhithe, Man., ii, p. 353. Ccophora lamb-
della—Charlton, Man., ii, p. 857; ¢inctella—West Wickham, Man., 1, p. 358.
Butalis incongruella, West Wickham, Ent. Mo. Mag.,i, p. 22 (1864). Acrolepia
perlepidella—Darenth Wood, Man., ii, p. 363; pygmeana—Lewisham, abund-
ant, Man., ii, p. 363. Zelleria hepariella—Dartford Heath, Man., ii, p. 364.
Gracilaria populetorum—Birch Wood, Man., ii, p. 377. Ooriscium cuculipennellum
—Dartford Heath, Man.,ii, p. 379. Ornix scutulatella—Dartford Heath, Man., ii, p.
381. Coleophora niveicostella—Dartford Heath, Man., ii, p. 390. Bedellia somnu-
lentella—Lewisham, Man., ii, p. 395. Stathmopoda pedella—Lewisham, Ent. Wk.
Int., viii, p. 118 (1860). Cosmopteryx eximia—Lewisham, Man., ii, p. 395. Asychna
eratella—near Dartford, Man., ii, p. 402, and Sanderstead, Ent. Wk. Int., 1, 163
(1856) ; terminella—West Wickham Wood, Man., ii, p. 402. Stephensia Brunni-
chella—Sanderstead, Man., ii, p. 408. Elachista trapeziella—West Wickham ;
magnificella—West Wickham, common, Man., ii, p. 404; humilis—West Wickham
Wood, Man..,ii, p. 407 ; perplexella—Beckenham, Man., ii, p. 408 ; cinereopunctella
—Sanderstead, common, Ent. Ann., 1855, p. 78; Bedellella—Sanderstead, abund-
ant, Nat. Hist. Tin., iii, p. 124 (1858). Lithocolletis irradiella—Beckenham, Ent.
Ann, 1855, p. 81. Bucculatriv Demaryella—Darenth Wood, Ent. Mo. Mag., v,
p- 104 (1868), and West Wickham, Nat. Hist. Tin., vii, p. 84 (1862). Mepticula
pomella—Lewisham, common, Man., ii, p. 431; aucupariella—West Wickham, Ent.
WE. Int., ix, p. 13 (1860) ; septembrella—West Wickham, abundant, Man., ii, p.
432, and Lewisham, Beckenham, Nat. Hist. Tin., i, p. 174 (1855) ; subapicella—
near Beckenham, Man., ii, p. 483; sericopeza—Dartford Heath, Man., ii, p. 433 ;
quinguella—West Wickham, once plentiful, Man., ii, p. 483; luteella—Dartford
Heath, common, Man., ii, p. 434; ignobilella—Lewisham, common, Man., ii, p.
434; arcuata—West Wickham, Man., ii, p. 4384; angulifasciella—Lewisham,
abundant, Man., ii, p. 435 ; atricollis—Lewisham, common, Man.,ii, p. 4385; malella
—Lewisham, abundant, Man., ii, p. 436; gratiosella—Lewisham, common, Man.,
ii, p. 437; regiella—Dartford Heath, Man., ii, p. 487; continuella—Lewisham,
Man., ii, p. 437. Trifurcula squamatella—Charlton, Man., ui, p. 438.
Lee: March 12th, 1898.
150 [July,
STRAY NOTES ON SOME WMICRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF THE READING
DISTRICT.
BY THE REV. C. R. DIGBY, M.A.
The localities in which the species mentioned below were taken
are 1p no case more than three miles from my door, and do not include
any part of either the pine district round Wokingham, or the beech
woods and chalk downs of the Oxfordshire side ; in fact, none of them
are more than a mile from either the Thames, or its tributary the
Loddon, and may therefore be considered as belonging strictly to the
valley of the Upper Thames. In former times Windsor Forest reached
to Reading, and the grand stag beetles which may be seen flying about
the old elms in Sonning itself on warm June evenings are no doubt
the descendants of its inhabitants. With the exception of Alispa
angustella and Ptocheuusa inopella, which were taken in Oxfordshire,
all the species referred to occurred in Berkshire in the seasons of
1896 —97.
ALISPA ANGUSTELLA, Hb.—The larva is locally common on the Oxfordshire
side of the Thames, feeding from the end of July to October. It is a most aggra-
vating species to breed, and as three-cornered in its ways as the fruit it feeds on;
any one who has bred or tried to breed it will have a very clear perception why it is
not often offered for exchange.
TERAS FERRUGANA, Tr.—I bred a pale, small and very distinct variety of this
from oak last year, which emerged on July 1st, and I also took several more of the
same pattern in the New Forest among oaks on July 12th. The birch bushes in
this district were being devastated by the larve of this species in September, but
from a number gathered I bred nothing but the ordinary varieties.
CocHYLis SMEATHMANNIANA, F'.—In this district this is certainly attached to
yarrow, among which it flies at late dusk, and the females may then be noticed de-
positing their ova on the flower heads. I have taken the imago as early as May 3rd
and as late as August 5th.
PENTHINA SELLANA, Hb.—A specimen taken by a road side rivals in size and
beauty those found on the Norfolk “ breck,”’ having the same admixture of rich blue
which, so far as my experience goes, is totally wanting in the small dull coloured
specimens taken on the S.W. coast.
GRAPHOLITHA SERVILLANA, Dup.—I have found the larva of this species
widely but very sparingly distributed throughout this district feeding in sallow
twigs, and even twice in those of the common willow; the tits have a great liking
for it, and split open the swellings to get at the larva.
PHTHOROBLASTIS JULIANA, Tr.—Bred from acorns; the newly emerged imago
may also be found sitting on oak trunks, but must be approached with caution as it
is very wary. ,
DICHRORAMPHA SEQUANA, Hb.-—-This occurred commonly among yarrow last
year ; the nearest tansy grows in cottage gardens two miles distant.
1898.] 151
DIPLODOMA MARGINEPUNCTELLA, Stph.—I have taken one specimen of this
widely distributed species here, elsewhere I have taken it in Dorset, Norfolk and
Surrey. It is easily recognised when taken by the odd way it has of buzzing head
downwards at the bottom of the net.
BLABOPHANES FERRUGINELLA, Hb.—For the last two years I have got this
commonly for two or three days in the early part of July flying along a stretch of
about five yards of a long thorny hedge; just at this spot there is a small water
hole, and the grass on the bank above grows very rank and tufty. I noticed that
the moths often settled on the panicles of the grass, but could not make out that
they were depositing ova. I used to take the variety lombardica commonly in
Dorset at the side of a ditch in a saltmarsh, the bank of which was clothed with
rank tufty grass far from any trees or hedges; in Portland last year I also took a
series of this variety as they flew along a stone wall at dusk, also at a distance from
any bushes.
TINEA CAPRIMULGELLA, H.-S.—I take this occasionally on a fence between two
old elms.
LITA FRATERNELLA, Degl.—Is there not a confusion about the food-plant of this
species? I have found it commonly both here and elsewhere feeding on Stellaria
graminea, but never on S. uliginosa, which is also common in the district in wet
ditches.
PTOCHEUUSA INOPELEA, L.—This feeds in the heads of Inula dysenterica along
the banks of the Thames, where it must often be submerged for a week together in
the winter.
DasyceRA OLIVIELLA, F'.—Here it is certainly attached to the ancient elms,
round the trunks of which it flies in the hot sun from 10 a.m. till noon for the
purpose of pairing.
(icoPHORA LUNARIS, Hw.—I take this species regularly, though not commonly,
by sweeping hedges composed of hazel, alder, dogwood and such like broad leaved
shrubs, not necessarily near old trees; no doubt the larva feeds under the bark of
dead sticks and twigs in the same way that @. lambdella feeds on furze.
CoriscIuM BRONGNIARDELLUM, F.—Two broods of this occur, the larva feeding
in June and August.
ORNIX FAGIVORA, Stt.—In September of 1896 I found an Orniz larva here on
beech which had folded down the edge of the leaf in the same way that O. betule
does, and I thought it might be a stray of that species, but a very fine O. fagivora
emerged. Last August I found empty domiciles on the same bushes, and at the end
of September half a dozen larve all feeding in the same way, which differ very
much from the figure in Stainton’s ‘‘ History of the Tineina.” Up to now (May
18th) three imagines have emerged. This is on the Berkshire side of the Thames ;
no doubt the species would be found more commonly in the Oxfordshire beech woods.
COLEOPHORA LIMOSIPENELLA, Dup.—I found full-fed cases of this on alder in
June, on elm in August, and on birch in October.
C. ANATIPENELLA, Hb.—I found two cases of the variety albidella on sallow
last year from which the insects duly emerged. I have also found the typical cases
here on sallow, which produced the usual type anatipenella.
152 (July,
C. PALLIATELLA, Zk.—Both cases and imagines were common last year; I picked
35 of the former from oak bushes in an hour and a half one morning while hunting
for the cases of the following species; from these I bred 31 moths and 3 parasites.
The species was also common in July in the New Forest.
C. ARDEHPENELLA, Scott.—I was glad to find this on the oak bushes mentioned:
above, but they were decidedly scarce, and still on the move on June 14th, when C.
palliatella had already fixed themselves for pupation. I only got 11 cases after a
good search (they are of course much less conspicuous than those of C. patliatella) ,
and from these I bred 4 imagines and 5 parasites, so they would seem to be more
attractive to the latter than the other species is, for the larves were feeding on the
same bushes.
LavEeRNA SCHRANKELLA, Hb.—This was common in the larva state on July
22nd in Epilobium palustre not twenty yards from where I had a little earlier
found A. epilobiella, but no LZ. Schrankella had wandered to the plants of #.
montanum.
ANYBIA EPILOBIELLA, Roem. (Langiella, Hb.).—The larva was fairly plentiful
on June 28th in the leaves of Epilobium montanum growing in @ deep ditch, but
many had already gone down; most of those I found were quite at the top of the
plants, almost among the flowers.
JANCHMIA DENTELLA, Z.—I have found this here, as elsewhere, attached to
Cherophyllum (Anthriscus) sylvestre. The larvee are full-fed by the middle or end
of July, and pupate before winter.
HELIOZELA RESPLENDELLA, Stt.—The larve of this had already fed up and cut
out their cases on some alders on June 26th of last year, and from the same bushes
I swept the perfect insect in good condition on July 18th, so the period during
which they continue to emerge must be a long one.
ELACHISTA CERUSELLA, Hb.—I find the larva of this most commonly on Pha-
laris arundinacea, but a few bred from Poa aquatica were much more highly marked.
CEMIOSTOMA SPARTIFOLIELLA, Hb.—Last year I came upon a few bushes of
broom which, at sunset, were literally covered with this species; I never saw it in
such enormous numbers before. I may mention in passing that I found the larva
of L. lotella, Stt., feeding in Lotus major near Eversley, but in Berkshire.
BoHEMANNIA QUADRIMACULELLA, Boh.—I find this interesting species on alder
trees and bushes, but sparingly, in several places in this district. It does not seem
easy to sweep from the leaves with the net, and searching has been more productive ;
they stow themselves away behind a stout rib near the stalk on the under-side of
the leaf.
Sonning, Berks.: May 18th, 1898.
NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES OF PRESTWICHIA AQUATICA,
LUBBOCK.
BY FREDERICK ENOCK, F.L.S.
Noting that P. aquatica had the habit of minutely and methodi-
cally examining every millimetre of decayed and decaying vegetable
1898.] 153
matter taken from the ponds, I did so likewise, with the result that I
found several insect eggs, some attached to rotten stems. One
appeared almost black, but upon examination I found it contained
several black insects. Finding another egg, I cracked the shell, and
out poured a number of fully matured P. aquatica, which, when put
into a phial of water, swam about actively; one male and eight
females were bred from this egg, and from another I bred six males
and twenty females. These eggs were those of Notonecta. A larger
egg (that of Dytiscus marginalis) produced thirty-four parasites, and
I have others that appear to contain more. In all I have examined at
least a dozen eggs containing parasites, and in each there were one or
two pairs in copuld inside the egg-shell (1!) ; the male is the last to
leave.
I have already watched oviposition, and have the larve from one
to five days old, so am in a fair way towards elucidating the complete
life-history.
13, Tufnell Park Road, N.:
June 14th, 1898.
[The above short communication is of great importance on two
points. Firstly, as establishing the fact that one parasitized egg may
contain a multitude of parasites, and secondly as showing that pairing
takes place within the egg-shell. Mr. Enock is to be congratulated
on his success in working out the biology of this and other microscopic
Hymenopterous parasites. —Eps. |
A FEW PSOCIDZ FROM THE HASTERN PYRENEES.
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.
During my visit to Vernet-les-Bains (Pyrénées Orientales) in
July, 1886, when I had the privilege of the hospitality and guidance
of my friend Mons. René Oberthiir, I collected, amongst other Meuwro-
ptera, a few Psocide, which have remained not worked out and
unincorporated until now. There are only 25 specimens in 6 species,
and more than half belong to one species. Nothing of special import-
ance is amongst them, and the only interest attaching to them is
that, in all probability, this is the first record for the Family from the
district.
The country is far too dry for Psocide in July, and possibly only
few occur at any time. I retained no special indications of locality,
but I remember that the greater part occurred in a fir wood (appar-
ently planted) more than half way up the slopes of Mount Canigou.
154 [July,
The species are as follows :—
Psoous Fascratus, F.—One. In southern examples the pretty markings on the
anterior-wings are pale brown instead of almost black.
Psocus LonGrIcornis, F.—A pair.
Psocus sEXPUNCTATUS, L.—One.
ELipsocts cYyanops, Rost.—Six.
CHCILIUS FLAVIDUS, Steph.—T wo.
CHCILIUS OBSOLETUS, Steph.—Thirteen.
Lewisham, London:
June 4th, 1898.
SUPPLEMENT TO “A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH PSYCHODIDZ.”
BY THE REV. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S.
(concluded from page 125).
5. PsycHODA ERMINEA, Etn.
Psychoda erminea, EKtn., ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, 130, step 4a (1893), and vol. v,
pl. iv, Ps. 5 (detail), also p. 261 (1894).
Wings very light brownish-grey, approaching whitey-brown or light drab, with
a satiny gloss and fringes to match (these shifting with changes of posture to whitish
and to blackish-grey), and marked in the disc with ten or twelve small dark hair-
spots, viz., six tufts, each marking the end of a row of the bristling hair; one on
the mediastinal confluent with some dark hair at the base of the costa, and extending
into the costal fringe ; another immediately beyond the basal cells, on the bases of
the longitudinal nervures thereabouts ; and another larger spot at the base of the
axillar nervure and the adjacent portion of the wing-margin. The remaining
tufts intervene between the first six and these three, and comprise a spot by the
pobrachial fork on the anterior pobrachial, and another spot on the subcosta and
radial stem (prefurca) in an oblique straight line with the one just mentioned and
the tuft marking the end of the bristling hair on the axillar nervure. In addition,
a very small, obsolescent, 12th dark tuft is distinguishable on the cubitus, a little
before the middle of the wing. The outermost tufts on the subcosta, anterior radius
and cubitus, occupy three angles of an oblong, quadrilateral, faintly greyish cloud ;
and beyond the bristling hair, a narrow transverse fascia of the same tint, interrupted
at the prebrachial nervure, extends from the end of the posterior radius to the end
of the posterior pobrachial, matching the hair towards the end of the prebrachial.
Antenne in ¢ 14—15-jointed, reaching to about the middle of the wing; hair of
the flagellum arranged in a moniliform series of smooth oval verticils, nearly as in
Ps. humeralis (6), pearl-grey or greyish-white. Hair of head and thorax greyish-
white; that of the abdomen very light brownish-grey. Indumentum of the legs
grey, with a satiny gloss. Basal joint in the superior g appendages short, slightly
dilated below; apical joint very little longer than the other, narrowly falcate, with
a slight dilatation near the base in the dried insect ; figured from a specimen freshly
killed. Inferior ¢ appendages slender, rather similar to those of Ps. sexpunctata,
and more acute than acuminate. Length of wing, 1°6 to 2:25 mm.
1898.] 155
As noted in connection with an English locality, ante, 2nd ser., vol. v, 261
(1894), specimens of this species in good condition are distinguishable in the net
from other Psychode, without a lens, by an appreciable difference in their appear-
ance, due to the wing-markings. In deportment they approach Ps. humeralis.
Worn and faded examples of either sex are liable to be mistaken for Ps. albipennis ;
but, unless too much denuded, the difference in the distribution of the bristling
hair of the wings can be made out, and usually some scant vestiges of the dark spots
remain. The dark spots on the avxillar and postical nervures, being formed of
bristling hairs before their terminations, enable aged specimens to be distinguished
readily from Ps. sexpunctata in ill-condition, which has dark spots of hair inclined
outwards at the end of these nervures.
Apparently rare in England, about four examples only having
been captured in Somerset and Dorset, in localities recorded ante, l.c.,
and vol, iv, p. 25 (1894). Local in Algeria, frequenting cool, shady
places by streamlets in wooded valleys at the foot of hills and mount-
ains in the Mediterranean Zone of botanists.
Section II or Psycuopa; British species, No. 6.
Refer ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, p. 38, step 7a, and vol. v, pl. iv, Ps. 6
(details).
Affinities in general with the preceding Section, especially with
regard to the distribution of the bristling hair in the posterior half
of the wing, approaching in particular the species scheduled 6 ++, in
the proportions of the inferior ¢ genital appendages, and the spcies
scheduled 66 in the contour of the verticils of hair of the antenne.
More distantly related to Pericoma,* Section IV, B, having the same
distribution of bristling hair in the anterior half of the wing as P.
revisenda, scheduled B.B.B., 62? (wherein both differ from the 1st
Section of Psychoda), and having such hair on corresponding nervures
in the posterior half of the wing (only to a greater extent), besides
resembling it somewhat in the relative shortness of the inferior ¢
genital appendages.
Antenne in both sexes 14—16-jointed, as described, supra, in step B,. of the
tabulation of Major Sub-Divisions of Psychoda. Verticils of hair of the flagellum
dense and smooth; the first 10 oval-cupuliform, or cask-shaped ; the 11th in combi-
nation with the terminal jointlets, a complete oval. Articular appendages linear,
tenoid, membranaceous, transparent, perhaps built up of concatenate cells, and
difficult to distinguish without previous removal of some of the hair; the 12th joint
with two pairs of them, opposite and convergent near the tips, but with the extreme
points everted.
More extended observation is needed to ascertain whether all of
the insects of this Section here reckoned as varieties of one species
* Cf. ante, 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 115 (May, 1897).
156 (July,
are accorded due rank, or whether any of them is really entitled to
specific distinction. Hitherto no structural difference between them
has been detected ; and it is, therefore, deemed not improbable that
their colour-peculiarities may be the result of differences in the
nature of the food of the larve.
6. PsycHopa HUMERALIS (Hoffmannsegg, MS.), Meigen.
Psychoda humeralis (Hofimgg., MS8.), Meig., Syst. Beschr. [*ed. i], i, 106
(1818) ; ? [Ps. sp. —, Westw., Introd. Mod. Class. Ins., ii, 521, foot-note, Thwaites,
MS., pupa (1840)]; Rossi, *Dipt. Aust., p. 6 (1848); Walk., List Dipt. Ins. Brit.
Mus., part i, 32 (1848); Zet., Dipt. Scand., ix, 3707 (1850), and xii, 4887 (1855) ;
Meig., Syst. Beschr. [ed. ii], i, 84 (1851) ; Schiner, Fn. Aust. Dipt., ii, 636 (1864) ;
v.d. Wulp, Dipt., Neerl., i, 315 (1877); Etn., ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, 33, step 7a,
and vol. v, pl. iv, Ps. 6 (details).—{ Pericoma bullata (Hal., MS.), Walk., Ins. Brit.
Dipt., iii, 257 (1856).
Wing (over black cloth and pointed towards the light) rich dark brown, with
bronzy and bluish reflections from the membrane, and with fringes to match; but
the humeral tuft (directed longitudinally from the thickening at the base of the
costa), some erect hairs on the nervures of the basal cells, and the fringe of the alula,
very light brown ochreous-yellow; shifted (pointing transverse to the light and
rocked to and fro), the fringes become glossed with a lighter tint than the disc, and
the bristling hair appears blackish or black-brown ; shifted again (pointing away
from the light nearly horizontally), the fringes match in tint with the humeral tuft,
and the bristling hair appears slightly darker than the smoother hair, while the disc
is margined either by a narrow, light-glossed line, or (as in some other postures) by
a narrow, dark line, set off with a light gloss externally. Over white paper, the
wing (in the first and last of these phases of illumination) appears thinly hairy, with
fringes to match, the humeral tuft alone differing in being of the original colour ;
shifted (costa toward the light), the greater density of the anterior fringe is very
apparent, and the disc is margined by a dark line, while the bristling hair is not
denser at the endings of the rows than elsewhere, except on the radius. Pubescence
on the upper part of the head and front of the thorax impure whitish, or, when
shifted about, yellowish-white, inclining to flaxen, matching, from certain stand-
points, with that on the sides of the thorax, and with the fringe of the costal callus
interior to the fold of deflection ; hair of the antenna, from most standpoints, darker
and either greyer or inclining to brown-ochre. Pubescence of the thorax elsewhere
denser, brown-ochreous in the dried insect, but light ferruginous-brown in the living
fly, matching with the dorsal pubescence of the Ist abdominal segment, and, from
certain standpoints, with the humeral tuft, and with the other items mentioned as
matching this in the above description of the wing. Indumentum of the remainder
of the abdomen and legs concolorous with the darker hair of the wings, approaching
intense burnt umber-brown in certain lights, but dark graphite-grey in others; the
tips of some scales at the apical margins of the tibiz and of the tarsal joints readily
assume a light gloss, which can be made to extend over the whole, and, when
suitably posed, acquires a dull silvery lustre; the smooth hair of the abdomen,
especially towards the extremity, likewise shifts to the same almost flaxen tint as the
hair at the sides of the thorax. Length of wing, 2° to 2°25 mm.
1898.] Wey
Var. a.—mauritanica.
Pubescence of the head and thorax, from certain standpoints, concolorous with
the humeral tuft, fringe of the alula and the other hair that usually matches these
at the base of the wing, and with the dorsal hair of the 1st abdominal segment, the
colour being very light brown-ochre, approaching flaxen; shifted and viewed from
above, the pubescence of the metanotum, and of most of the anterior part of the
thorax becomes tinged with light bistre-brown, the humeral tuft, &c., keeping their
original colour. In the wings, from the radius to the pobrachial, and sometimes to
a much smaller extent on the axillar nervure, the bristling hairs tend to constitute
a dark spot at the end of each rank. The legs (correspondingly posed) display a
more silvery gloss than those of specimens of the normal British form above de-
scribed ; but the difference is probably attributable to the employment of a minimum
charge of fluid ammonia (instead of a small lump of potassium cyanide), in the
collecting-bottle, and to the timely expulsion of the vapour directly its work was
done. Length of wing, 1°75 to 2°5 mm.
Var. B.
Wings, from many standpoints, similar to those of Ps. phalenoides (2),
especially when the humeral tuft and fringes are posed so as to exhibit a uniform
whitish or a dark grey tint; but, from certain positions, the humeral tuft is whitish,
and the fringes light grey, or the former whitey brown-ochreous, and the latter con-
colorous with the disc, or partly dark grey and partly light glossed, the tints readily
shifting and interchangeable. But, by suitable posing, the colour of the wings can
be made to approach that of the typical form in most particulars, although (owing
to the fineness of the hair) the blue reflection of the membrane is more distinct, and
the bristling hair less apparent. In the colouring of the thoracic pubescence, var a
is approached, but rather as if it were faded; and the darker tints induced, by
change of pose, are more greyish than bistrous, nowhere approaching light ferrugin-
ous-brown. Length of wing, 1:25 to 1°5 mm.
Haliday’s description, and that in the volume of this Magazine
for 1893, loc. cit., apply to what is here assumed to be the typical form
in prime condition. This has been bred from putrid snails* by Mr.
Verrall ; his specimens (12 ?, Lewes, 1885) have the light ferrugi-
nous-brown colour well preserved in the parts above specified. Gim-
merthal, Arb. d. Naturf. Ver. zu Riga, i, 326 (1848), recorded the
breeding of the fly from larve found in rotten potatoes—a fact
referred to by Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., xii, 4888 (1855), who, like
other continental authors, applies the term albus or its equivalent to
the humeral tuft. The form described as var. a is the Algerian race ;
localities will be recorded in a separate supplementary article. Var. 8
is found by streams in Somersetshire; the specimens described,
captured with others that have been distributed, are 1 9 (Compton
Pauncefoot, 1, viii, 1892) and 1 g (Beer’s Plantation, Redlynch Park,
* Refer also to Westwood (1840), cited above in the bibliography of this species.
158 (July,
Bruton, 23, v, 1892). Both sexes of all the forms are represented in
the author’s collection. The attitude of the living fly in repose, and
its gait in walking, are described in Trans. Ent. Soc. London (1895)
p. 491.
Woodlands, Seaton, Devon.
ISOPTERYX TORRENTIUM, Pictset, AND J. BURMEISTERI, Picter;
WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS.
BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.
While the genus Jsopteryx does not present the same difficulties
as do some of the other genera of small Perlide (to wit, Nemoura
and Zeuctra), there is no doubt some confusion still exists with
respect to the minor species. This is especiaily true regarding J.
torrentium, Pict., and I. Burmeistert, Pict., and, in a less degree, with
respect to I. tripunctata, Scop., and J. apicalis, Newman. The
primary object of the following notes is to set forth the distinguishing
characters of the first-named two species, but it may be useful to
allude briefly to the other members of the genus.
Besides the four above mentioned, there are only two other
European species known to me, namely, J. serricornis, Pict., and L.
montana, Pict.
I. serricornis stands quite by itself. One of the largest species, it may be
separated at once by its somewhat serrate antenne, large folded portion of hind-
wings (the generic name is rather a misnomer, as all the species have a folded
portion, although relatively not so large as in the present species), and the prono-
tum has in each half a dark bar.
I. montana is also a large species, probably as large as the preceding on an
average, and separable from it by the antenne and the pronotum, which has no bars,
but sometimes a fine streak on either side. The head is quite devoid of markings,
and the ocelli seem to be relatively closer to one another than they are in the other
species. The parts of the g genitalia which are most useful for specific determina-
tion consist of a chitinous tooth, which is usually visible dorsalwards between the
sete, and which is connected with a plate anterior to itself. In LZ. montana the
tooth is not unlike that of I. Burmeisteri, but it seems to be stronger and shorter
on its inner edge (fig. 1). There should be little difficulty in knowing this large
Alpine species, numerous examples of which I have seen from the collections of
Mr. McLachlan and Dr. Fr. Ris.
Coming to the smaller species, L. tripunctata and I. apicalis have
short sete, and the vertex of the head unmarked. ‘There should be
no confusion between them, as even in small pale examples of the
former the prothorax should serve to identify them, that part being
1898.] 159
longer and narrower in J. apicalis than in any of the other species.
I. apicalis is
rg fs also usually
: a 2 AN. I + avery deli-
cate looking
little insect.
The tooth in JL. tripunctata is short and very simple (fig. 4) ; I have
no male of J. apicalis fit for figuring.
I. torrentium and I. Burmeisteri belong to a group with longer
sete, and the following are their more distinctive points :—
I.—tU. TORRENTIUM. II.—I. BurMEISTERI.
“ Jaune verdatre ”’ (Pictet). “Fauve, un peu rougedtre ” (Pictet).
“Viridis, post mortem testacea ”’
(Burmeister).
Markings on head absent, or with a ne- Usually with a sharply-defined dark
bulous marking on vertex and frons marking between the ocelli.
in the dry insect.
No distinct black median vertical line Black median line on pronotum usually
on pronotum. well marked.
Dorsal abdominal stripe rather narrow Stripe apparently broader, especially at
in its whole length. the beginning.
Tooth of ¢ genitalia, seen from side, No such deep excision (fig. 3).
distinctly excised (fig. 2).
Tooth, seen from behind, dilated before Tooth, seen from behind, broadest at the
the apex. base, and tapering towards the apex.
With regard to the colours, I have simply introduced them as
broad indications ; in dry specimens it is difficult to say what is and
what is not the effect of desiccation. As far as the specimens before
me go, torrentium is more greenish-, Burmeistert more reddish-yellow,
but the material is unequal. In Scotch examples of the first-named
the head is often much clouded, while in Swiss examples there is
hardly a trace of darker marking thereon. The genital tooth of the
male is decisive however. Klapalek has figured this most character-
istic tooth as belonging to J. tripunctata (Sitzungsber. der Kais. Akad.
der Wissensch. in Wien, Mathem.-Natura. Classe, 1896, taf. i, figs. 19
and 20) ; Rostock (Neuroptera Germanica, 1888, p. 160) gives a very
brief diagnosis of a new species, J. neglecta, and he also refers to a
species, [. twbulosa, briefly described by Stein (Mitt. Miinchener Ent.
Vereins, 1879) unknown to him. Stein says out of a tube at the end
of the abdomen proceed two fine bristles, which Rostock says also
occur in his J. neglecta. These may be what Klapalek figures (Joc. cit.,
taf. i, fig. 23), and they may be found in all the species.
160 (duly,
In the mean time I cannot say much about geographical distri-
bution. Excepting J. torrentium and I. tripunctata, my remarks are
based on continental material received for the most part from time to
time from Professor Klapalek (Bohemia), Dr. Fr. Ris (Switzerland),
and Dr. John Sahlberg (Finland and Finnish Lapland).
13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh :
May, 1898.
Rhinomacer attelaboides, F., at Ipswich.—I was most agreeably surprised at
taking a pair of this Scotch insect here, whilst beating in a fir wood for Pezomachi,
on the 11th of May last. They were not, however, im copuld, but beaten from two
different trees of Pinus sylvestris some hundred yards apart. Its most southern
locality previously recorded is near Ripon, in Yorkshire, where, I believe, Mr. Water-
house took it many years ago. Mr. Brockton Tomlin, however, informs me that a
specimen was found by a lad in Delamere Forest last year, and brought for his in-
spection. At the time of capture the pines were in full blossom, and the female,
doubtless, was about to deposit her eggs therein. It is curious that so essentially
northern an insect should appear here before being noted in the intervening counties.
Possibly our versatile climate may be responsible; at all events it is both a most
curious and interesting addition to the Suffolk fauna.—CiaupEzE Mortzy, Ipswich :
June, 1898.
[The occurrence of R. attelaboides in Suffolk is certainly interesting, but the case
is not without parallel: a considerable number of Scotch forms have been found by
Mr. W. G. Blatch and others in the Midlands, and Asemum striatum, which used to
be regarded as exclusively a Scotch species, has occurred several times in the New
Forest district ; possibly in some cases insects have been transplanted from one part
of the country to another, but this explanation by no means covers all the instances,
and it would seem that we have yet very much to learn regarding the distribution
of even our British insects.—-W. W. F.].
Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kraatz, at Guildford.—I have during the past
week captured three specimens of this peculiar little Homalota on the downs at
Guildford. They were found running on the bare chalk, in the bright sunshine,
after a shower, in a sheltered place, where, by chance, I sat down for a few moments’
rest. Syncalypta spinosa, Rossi, occurred abundantly, as well as Platystethus
capito, Heer, sparingly, at the same place. H. pruinosa was introduced by me as
a British insect last year (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 274), upon specimens found at
Chesham, Bucks, by Mr. E. G. Elliman, who also found it running upon the chalk
in the bright sunshine.—G. C. Cuampron, Horsell, Woking: June 4th, 1898.
Coleoptera in the neighbourhood of Chesham, Bucks.—During February and
March of this year, I found the following species in moss, gathered in the neigh-
bourhood of Chesham: Ozxypoda lentula, abundant, in a marshy wood ; Ocyusa
incrassata, Homalota clancula, very sparingly; Philonthus fumigatus (1), Bythinus
validus, B. Burrelli (all females), B. Curtisi, Colon latum (2), Thyamis anchuse
(3), Mniophila muscorum. :
1898.] 161
In the early part of April several captures were made in a sandpit, among them
being Oxypoda exoleta, Homalota egra, several, H. indubia (2), Cassida nobilis (2),
and Sibinia primita (1). Meligethes symphyti was found about April 15th in
flowers of Lamium album, Taraxacum, and, rarely, Stellaria holostea ; this insect
seems very restricted in its times of appearance, I have taken it during three suc-
cessive seasons, from about the foregoing dates till the first or second week in May,
after that time it seems to disappear altogether.
Lathrobium punctatum (8 or 9), Stilicus subtilis, Homalota oblongiuscula (2),
under dead rabbits, and Balaninus villosus, were also found during April. Nests of
Formica fusca yielded four specimens of Homeusa acuminata during the first week
of May.
Other insects occurring in May and up to this date in June have been Harpalus
azureus, Brachinus crepitans, very common, in many hedgerows and waste places
round the town, Medon fusculus, a few under stones, Stenus sube@neus, more abund-
ant than usual, at roots of grass, &c., on chalky ground, Ocypus similis (1), on
roadway, Homalota immersa (2), under bark of oak; Trichonyw Mdrkeli, walking
about in the vicinity of nests of Formica flava and F. fusca; T. sulcicollis, three
specimens taken in the wet rotting wood of an old elm stump, no ants being noticed
about the spot; Meligethes umbrosus (2), on broom; WM. serripes, on many flowers ;
Cartodere elongata, in numbers under sappy oak bark; Apion fuscirostre, several
on broom; A. cruentatum (1),in damp meadow. Out of siftings, from dead reeds,
collected during Easter in marshy ground just within the county, near Tring, several
interesting species were sorted out, including the following :—Homalota fallax (30),
Tachyporus pallidus (6), Hypocyptus discoideus (2), Lathrobium filiforme (2), Calo-
dera riparia (1), Tachyusa concolor, a few.
At Tring, in the adjoining county of Hertford, I captured a few evenings ago
forty-two examples of Compsochilus palpalis. They were obtained by sweeping
short. grass beneath a grove of elms in a marshy field, between 6.30 and 7.30 p.m.
The wind was blowing freshly from the N.W. at the time-——E. Guo. ELiiman,
Chesham, Bucks: June 7th, 1898.
Otiorrhynchus raucus, F., and other Coleoptera in the Chatham District.—On
Saturday, June 11th, I found Oliorrhynehus raucus in some numbers at Cobham
Park, in heaps of recently cut grass. This weevil is usually by no means common,
and I had hitherto only taken a single specimen in the Chatham district, as long
ago as 1873. Mr. W. H. Harwood informs me that he finds O. raueus at Colchester
under similar circumstances.
As on the corresponding Saturday of last year (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p.
160), my afternoon’s collecting, on practically the same ground as was traversed on
that occasion, was so successful as to induce me to give a list of the principal species
of Coleoptera obtained, chiefly by general sweeping. These include Harpalus punc-
tatulus, several in the above-mentioned heaps of grass; Staphylinus latebricola,
Neuraphes longicollis (preteritus, Rye), Colon serripes, Trachys pumila, Corymbites
tessellatus (new to district), Malachius marginellus, Tetratoma ancora, and Smi-
eronyz Reichei, single specimens of each; Ceuthorrhynchus urtice (10) and C.
_ suturellus (2), in the old locality at Snodland, where Donacia affinis was abundant
on a small patch of rushes; Cryptocephalus lineola, locally common on hazel on
O
162 (July,
the Cuxton downs; Anisotoma punctulata, Telephorus fuscus, Ernobius mollis,
Drilus flavescens, 8, Molytes coronatus, &c.
Both sexes of Osphya bipunctata have again occurred to me at Chattenden, by
beating hawthorn blossom at the end of May ; and on the same day Clytus mysticus
and Grammoptera analis were taken, both these being interesting additions to the
Chatham list of Coleoptera.—Jamrs J. WALKER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
June 18th, 1898.
Huphorus ornatus, Marshall, at Ivybridge.—The Rev. T. A. Marshall, in part
il, page 63, of his Monograph of the British Braconide, observes that he has only
@ single example of H. ornatus, which was taken in a wood at Nunton, Wilts.
Having taken a specimen of this rare insect on May 28th, I think the capture is
worth recording; I obtained it at Ivybridge by beating holly.—G. C. BIGNELL,
Stonehouse: June 1st, 1898.
Forficula auricularia in New Zealand.—Two years ago Mr. Peter Anderson,
a local gardener, brought me three mature specimens of this common European
species of earwig. They were found in his greenhouse among some plants which
were procured some months before from Christchurch. I have recently procured
more specimens in the larval stage from an old established garden a few miles from
Christchurch, to which plants have been imported for many years direct from
London. Iam not aware that this troublesome insect has previously been recorded
as occurring in New Zealand, and without further enquiry I cannot say approxi-
mately when it was first observed in New Zealand.—W. W. Smiru, Ashburton,
N. Z.: May, 1898.
Birds and Butterflies.—As this subject is now occupying considerable attention
I note that, when seated in my study this afternoon, I saw a sparrow dart out of a
tree and give chase to a passing Pieris rape, which easily escaped. From the bird’s
half-hearted manner of chase it occurred to me that it was possibly only an exhibition
of pugnacity, or that the butterfly was for the moment mistaken for an article
suitable for its nest. One often sees sparrows persistently chasing moths (especially
Geometrid@) disturbed in the day-time, but I do not think I ever before saw a
butterfly attacked.—R. McLacuuan, Lewisham, London: June 5th, 1898.
Albinie aberration of Amphisbatis incongruella, Sin.— Although somewhat
late in the day, I should like to record the fact that on April 22nd, 1886, I captured
a very fine albinic aberration of Amphisbatis incongruella on a heath near here ; it
is a male specimen, and was taken in company with a series of typical examples.
The fore-wings, together with the head, thorax, and tegule, are unicolorous pale
greyish-white, while the hind-wings and abdomen are pale whitish-grey. I have
never seen or heard of a similar aberration, nor in fact of any other aberration or
variety worthy of notice, though I have taken some hundreds of specimens, and
have seen many others in collections—Eustacr R. Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe
Castle: May 19th, 1898.
Observations on the habits of Amphisbatis incongruella, Stn.—Perhaps a few
notes on the habits of the imago of Amphisbatis incongruella may be useful to those
1898.] 163
in search of this early species, with which my experience has been very considerable.
It occurs, but very locally, on our heaths amongst its food-plant, Calluna vulgaris,
and is fully out with us in the middle of April, for I have taken it, and sometimes
plentifully, on almost every date between April 3rd and April 24th. It flies freely
from about 10.30 till noon, but only in hot sunshine, and when there is an entire
absence of wind. When the moth is not inclined to fly freely, the bag may often
be increased by sweeping, but only during sunshine, for the moment that any clouds
obscure the sun sweeping becomes quite useless; the insect is at all times a wonder-
ful adept at feigning death, and my belief is that in the intervals when the sun
is obscured it drops straight down before the net can overtake it. On mornings
that are either sunless or in the least degree windy, it is, in my experience, mere
waste of time to try for the moth, which, doubtless, never stirs from its hiding place
near the ground.—ID.
Reviews.
TWELFTH REPORT ON THE INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE
or New York, for the year 1896: by J. A. Lintwer, Ph.D., State Entomologist.
Pp. 399, with 15 plates and numerous figures in the text. Albany: University of
the State of New York. 1897.
It has always been a pleasure to us to notice Dr. Lintner’s Reports. The last,
that now before us, is fully equal to its predecessors in interest.and utility, and treats
of such a variety of subjects that it is impossible to allude to them here in detail.
As bearing on the subject of the “‘San José Scale,” and its possible introduction into
this country, it may be some satisfaction to read that the greater part of the State
of New York seems unsuited to it. The much abused English Sparrow is given the
credit of doing good by destroying the “ Army Worm;”’ on the other hand “ that
notorious public pest ” is said to be an important agent in distributing the “ Elm
Tree Bark Louse,” through the active young larve clinging to its feathers. ‘he
plates and the numerous text illustrations are excellent.
Tue Insects oF ALDERNEY: by W. A. Lure. Reprinted from the “Trans-
actions of the Guernsey Society of Natural Science” for 1897. 8-pp. 8vo.
The compiler of this list deserves great praise for the assiduous manner in
which, for many years, he has made known the insect productions of the Channel
Islands in the face of manifest discouragement, for on the one hand they are not
recognised as “ British,” and on the other are not always considered to pertain to the
fauna of France although our Botanists do not hesitate to include the plants in the
British List. From its out of the way position Alderney is the least frequented of
all the islands, so the greater is the credit due to any one who puts together a List
of the species observed. All Orders are included, yet the List is only short, and
manifestly will be greatly added to if the island is visited by specialists in the less
worked Orders. Only one species (Eubolia peribolata) is indicated as not “ British,”
but there may be others to which the indication is not added; this, however, is
doubtful. In some cases (in Diptera for example) it is evident that the names
require verifying by experts.
02
164 [July,
A Text Boox or Entomotoey, including the Anatomy, Physiology, Embry-
ology, and Metamorphoses of Insects: by ALpHEus S. Packarp, M.D., Pu.D.
Pp. 729 royal 8vo. New York: the Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan and
Co., Limited. 1898.
This work is indispensable to the Entomologist who cares to study his subject
beyond its systematic and classificational aspects; it is also indispensable to every
student of the anatomy and physiology of Invertebrates. Dr. Packard’s “Guide”
and ‘“‘ Entomology for Beginners” are in the hands of many of our readers: we
cordially recommend those interested to invest in this volume also. It is not our
purpose here to go into the details in noticing the work; neither do we care to
analyse it with a view to detecting possible omissions or errors: it is a vast storehouse
of information compiled (in addition to what is original) from all writers on the
varied and complex subjects dealt with, giving, where necessary, opposed opinions,
with copious bibliographies under the main divisions. The illustrations (many of
them full page) are all in the text, and there is scarcely a page on which they are
not to be found. Owing to the vastness and diversity of the subjects, it was formerly
necessary to consult many works in order to arrive at definite conclusions: the pith
of these is here concentrated, and the capital Index serves as a guide to the special
‘information desired. It strikes us that the illustrations are somewhat unequal in
execution, but as the majority of them are reproductions this is a matter impossible
to avoid.—R. McL.
Obituary.
Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S., &c.—To the loss of science and the great grief of
numerous friends, Osbert Salvin passed away, at his residence at Fernhurst, Sussex,
from heart disease, on June Ist. Those who knew him intimately were aware that
such an event had been possible at any time for several years, nevertheless, the end
was so sudden as to make its realization difficult. He was born at Finchley in 1835,
and was the only surviving son of Mr. Anthony Salvin, a well known architect. His
preliminary education was received at Westminster School, whence he passed to
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, of which he was elected Honorary Fellow last year. He
graduated in 1857, and immediately afterwards proceeded to Tunis and Algeria in
company with two friends, Mr. W. H. Hudleston and Mr. (now Canon) Tristram (both
of whom survive), on a Natural History expedition ; in the autumn of the same year
he made his first expedition to Central America, remaining till the middle of 1858,
but revisiting it in about a year, and for the third time in 1861 in company with
Mr. F. D. Godman, and it is probable that soon after their return from this journey
the idea of the great work—the Biologia Centrali-Americana—on which both were
occupied to the time of his death, originated. In 1865 he married Caroline, daughter
of Mr. W. W. Maitland, of Loughton, Essex, and with her undertook a fourth
journey to Central America. In 1874 he accepted the office of Strickland Curator
of Natural History in Cambridge University, and held it until 1883. He was
elected a Fellow of the Zoological Society in 1860 (and was a Vice-President at the
time of his death), of the Linnean in 1864, of the Entomological in 1866 (and was on
the Council of both when he died), and of the Royal in 1873 (since when he had
served on the Council for two separate terms) ; on all Councils.and Committees he
was always an acquisition on account of methodical business habits in addition to
his scientific knowledge. On the death of his father in 1883 he succeeded to the
family estate at Fernhurst, near Haslemere (which in default of male issue now
1898. J 165
passes to a nephew). In his early days Mr. Salvin was more exclusively an Orni-
thologist, and a prominent member of the British Ornithologists’ Union, in connection
with which he helped to found the “ Ibis,” the third series of which he edited.
With Dr. Sclater he published numerous Ornithological papers and a magnificent
work on exotic Ornithology, and one of his last labours was the completion of the
late Lord Lilford’s “ British Birds.”? As an Entomologist he restricted his work to
exotic Rhopalocera, and most of his publications in this department were in con-
junction with Mr. Godman, the joint names becoming inseparably connected on the
“Biologia,” of which 141 parts have now appeared, the Rhopalocera being contri-
buted entirely by Salvin and Godman, and now completed, excepting a portion of
the Hesperiide. In this work they have enumerated 1482 species of Central
American Butterflies, 256 of which were new, and 46 new genera, illustrated by 90
plates. All will accord their sympathy with the survivor in the sudden and practi-
cally irreparable loss of his coadjutor. It is well known that the type collections of
the “ Biologia”’ have been presented to the British Museum on the completion of
each group, and that a portion of the duplicates of the Rhopalocera including
“co-types” of the majority of the species have been given to the Hope Museum
at Oxford. Mr. Salvin leaves a widow and three daughters, one of whom is married.
He was buried in the small cemetery not far from the quaint little parish church at
Fernhurst, representatives of the Councils of most of the Societies to which he
belonged being present.—R. MclL.
Joseph Albert Lintner, Ph.D.—Information has been received of the death, on
May 5th, at Rome, while on a tour in Europe, of Dr. Lintner, the State Entomolo-
gist for New York, whose 12th Report is noticed in the present No. He was bom
in New York State on February 8th, 1832, and after completing his education was
engaged in commercial pursuits until 1868, when he became an Assistant in the
Museum at Albany, and in 1880 was appointed State Entomologist; he took a
prominent position amongst the Economic Entomologists of America.
William Miles Maskell.—Since the notice appeared in our last No. we have
received from Mr. W. W. Smith, of Ashburton, and Mr. G. V. Hudson, of Welling-
ton, N. Z., some additional information about Mr. Maskell, from which we make
extracts. He was born in Hampshire about 58 years ago, and died after a surgical
operation. He was educated at the Roman Catholic College at Oscott, and at Paris.
After serving in the Army for a short time he went to New Zealand in 1860, and
was for some years a sheep farmer. In 1874 he became Provincial Secretary and
Treasurer of the Canterbury Province. All his life he remained a staunch Roman
Catholic, and anti-evolutionist, and was a man of strong bias, of which we, editori-
ally, more than once had very convincing proof, as we always had of his untiring
energy, and ardent love of science.
Martial Jean Maurice Noualhier, of Puymaud (Haute Vienne), France, died
at Arcachon on April 7th, aged 37. The premature decease of this French Hemi-
pterist is much to be regretted. He had amassed a large collection of Hemiptera,
which included Lethierry’s (in which were some of Fieber’s types), and was specially
interested in the water bugs. ‘The collections have been bequeathed to the Museum
of Natural History at Paris, to which they will form an important addition, especially
having regard to the fact that those of Signoret were allowed to leave France. His
publications were not numerous, mainly no doubt on account of his bad health,
which caused him to stay in the Canary Islands, in the Fauna of which he took
much interest. He joined the Entomological Society of France in 1882.
166 [July,
NEW CORSICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.
(Continued from page 134).
ELACHISTIDA.
COLEOPHORA, Hb.
COLEOPHORA FEMORELLA, sp. 7.
Antenne white, distinctly annulated with black beyond the basal joint which is
somewhat strongly tufted in front. Palpi not tufted; white. Head white, shaded
posteriorly with yellowish. Thorax yellowish, mixed with white scales. ore-
wings straw-yellowish, the costa narrowly silvery-white throughout, including the
first half of the costal cilia; a silvery-white streak runs along the fold from the base
but does not reach the dorsum; a somewhat wider streak commencing on the cell at
about one-fourth from the base, where it is almost contiguous to the fold, extends
outward nearly to the apex, and is scarcely disconnected from a white line running
along the base of the terminal cilia to the apex--along the margin of these silvery
streaks some slender brownish scales are sparsely distributed, becoming more plentiful
towards the apex itself, especially about the base of the costal and apical cilia; the
dorsum at the extreme base is also marked by a silvery-white line; cilia pale
brownish. Exp. al.,16 mm. Hind-wings shining, pale grey; cilia pale brownish.
Abdomen dark brownish. Hind legs whitish, the somewhat hairy hind tibie having
a slight brownish tinge, the inner sides of the posterior femora being distinctly dark ~
brown.
Type, 6, Mus. W1sm.
Hab.: Corsica, Restonica Valley (near Corté), 27, V, 1896. A
single specimen was beaten from Genista corsica in the Restonica
Valley above Corté. This species belongs to the lixella, Z., group,
although somewhat reminding one of congeriella, Stgr.
CoLEOPHORA VENTIFUGA, Sp. 7.
Antenne white, delicately annulate, the basal joint not tufted. Palpz dependent,
straight; dirty whitish. Head and thorax pale brownish-cinereous. ore-wings
pale brownish-cinereous, with a faint indication of dirty whitish lines (not traceable
along any particular vein), the only one at all clearly defined running along the costa
from base to cilia, another appears to follow the fold; some minute greyish-fuscous
atoms are sprinkled over the wing-surface, especially along the cell and towards the
apex ; cilia at the apex pale cinereous, beneath the apex brownish-cinereous. Hap.
al..10 mm. Hind-wings pale cinereous; cilia pale brownish-cinereous. Abdomen
pale brownish-cinereous. Legs pale cinereous.
Type, &, Mus. W1sm.
Hab.: Corsica, near Corté. Larva, Santolina chamecyparissus,
V—VI, excl. 20, IX, 1896. Two specimens. The larval case is
about 10 mm. long, it is not evenly cylindrical throughout, but be-
1898.] 167
comes rather larger towards the middle, and has a slightly woolly
appearance. It is dirty whitish, with narrow furrows along its surface
showing a slightly darker colour. The mouth of the case is turned
over almost at right angles to the case itself, so that if feeding on a
flat surface the hinder extremity, which is somewhat triangular, would
be but slightly raised.
The larva feeds during the months of May and June on Santolina
chamecyparissus, on the white leaves of which the case is very incon-
spicuous. I collected a fair number of these cases by beating the
plants at the end of May in the Tavignano Valley at Corté, as well
as along the road to the north of the town, but as they were evidently
not full-fed I had almost given up the hope of breeding them when
two specimens appeared in the latter half of September.
CoLEOPHORA HERMANNIELLA, Sp. %.
Antenne white, distinctly annulated with blackish, basal joint with a short
spreading mouse-grey tuft. Palpi (apical joint about half the length of the second)
white on their inner sides, mouse-grey externally. Head mouse-grey, whitish at the
sides and on the face. Thorax mouse-grey with some whitish scales. Fore-wings
narrow ; dark mouse-grey, a slender whitish line along the costa throughout, blending
with the pale mouse-grey costal cilia; a broken line of whitish scales is visible on
the fold, and another line from the outer portion of the cell to the apex, a few
similar scales occur also on the base of the dorsum (these lines would not be noticed
in a worn specimen, as the scales are very thinly distributed and probably fugitive) ;
cilia brownish-cinereous. zp. al., 13 mm. Hind-wings grey; cilia brownish-
cinereous. Abdomen and legs mouse-grey.
Type, &, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab.: Corsica, Vizzavona. Larva, Anthyllis hermannii, 6, V,
excl. 4, VI, 1896.
A single specimen of this species, which appears to be allied to
gnaphalii, Z., and to odorariella, Fuchs, was bred from Anthyllis her-
mannii collected at Vizzavona on May 6th, for larve of a species of
Scythris, Hb. (= §Butalis, Tr.) ; the specimen appeared on June 4th
in the glass cylinder where the Anthyllis was placed, no other plant
being present in the cylinder. Although a very careful search was
made, I was unable to find the larval case among the débris, but no
reasonable doubt can exist that Anthyllis was the plant on which the
larva fed.
CoLEOPHORA CORSICELLA, Sp. 7.
Antenne white, delicately annulated with blackish. Palpi slender, porrect,
apical joint somewhat unusually short; whitish on their inner sides, brownish ex-
168 [July, 1898.
ternally. Head and thorax mouse-colour, with paler lines on the margins of the
tegule. Fore-wings dull brownish-ochreous, with whitish lines running through
them; one along the costa to the commencement of the cilia; one along the fold
nearly to its outer end; one along the dorsum; one from the outer end of the fold,
slightly oblique towards the termen, and bent up along it; two or more others,
somewhat confluent, below the outer half of the costa; costal cilia hoary, terminal
cilia mouse-grey with a brownish tint at the apex. -Hzp.al.,11 mm. Hind-wings
and cilia mouse-grey. Abdomen dark brownish. Hind legs with slender mouse-grey
lines along the outer sides of the tibie.
Type, &, Mus. Wl1sm.
Hab.: Corsica, Corté. Larva (on ?), V, excl. 11, VI, 1896.
Case white, with lines of greyish dusting along it nearly to the
apex, which is somewhat flattened laterally, but is not triangular. The
mouth is circular, somewhat dilated at the edges, and obliquely placed.
A single case found on a rock at Corté in May produced the type on
June 11th. This species appears to be allied to artemisie, Mhlg., but
apart from other differences the shorter apical joint of the fa at
once distinguishes it.
CoLEOPHORA FUSCOLINEATA, Sp. 7.
Antenne pale cinereous, annulated with fuscous; not tufted. Palpi with ‘a
few projecting scales beneath from the end of the median joint, apical joint more
than half the length of the median ; pale cinereous. Head and thorax pale cine-
reous. Hore-wings pale cinereous, with speckled lines of dark fuscous scaling at the
base of the dorsum, along the fold and along the outer half of the cell to the termen
below the apex; a good deal of similar dark scaling is visible about the apex and on
the veins running to the costa before it, a narrow costal shade from the base is of a
slightly paler fuscous tinge than the lines below it; cilia mouse-grey. Hap. al., 12
mm. Hind-wings and cilia mouse-grey. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs pale cinereous.
Type, 6, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab. : Corsica, Vizzavona, 9—15, V, 1896.
Four specimens of this small, dark, but very distinct species were
taken at Vizzavona among dwarf juniper on the slopes of the high
mountains flying at sunrise, but I have no clue to their food-plant.
SCYTHRIS, Hb.
(= §BUTALIS, Tr.).
SCYTHRIS CONSTANTI, sp. 7.
Antenne greyish-fuscous. Palpi slender, erect, reaching above the vertex;
greyish-fuscous externally, paler on their inner sides. Head and thorax shining
fawn-ochreous. Fore-wings: the colour is very peculiar and difficult to describe (it
is of a pale clay-colour with almost an geneous tinge in some lights; clay is found of
many colours, and the term is one which does not clearly define the tint we wish to
tm
y=}
AUG 17 189
August, 1898.] 169
describe), it appears to be a mouse-grey entirely overlaid with pale cinereous scales
having a slight yellowish gloss; cilia mouse-grey. Ezp. al., 17—18 mm. Hind-
wings rather dark grey, somewhat shining ; cilia glossy brownish. Abdomen shining
leaden-grey ; cinereous beneath. Legs glossy, brownish-cinereous.
Type, 8, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab. : Corsica, Corté, Restonica Valley. Larva, Genista corsica,
26—27, V, excl. 21—25, VI, 1896, two specimens; three specimens
(Constant), “ Genua, Dietze, 12/70, No.3” (one specimen, Zell. Coll.).
This has been regarded as Butalis tabidella, H.-S., but on com-
parison with authentic specimens of that species in the Zeller collection
it is found to be obviously distinct.
SCYTHRIS MUS, sp. 2.
Antenne mouse-grey. Palpi slaty-grey externally, with a few whitish scales at
the end of the median joint, much paler on the inner sides; apical joint somewhat
shorter than second. Head slaty-grey. Thorax slaty-grey, with a slight admixture
of paler scales. Fore-wings slaty-grey, profusely sprinkled with elongate hoary-
whitish scales, which are almost entirely distributed over the surface, but perhaps
more thickly collected in a patch crossing the fold at about one-third, immediately
before and behind which they are almost absent on the fold itself; these whitish
scales extend through the slaty-grey apical cilia, below which the terminal cilia are
mouse-grey with a slight brownish tinge. Exp. al.,14 mm. Hind-wings pale grey ;
cilia mouse-grey. Abdomen pale slaty-grey, whitish beneath. Legs slaty-grey,
hind tibiz with brownish mouse-grey hair above.
Type, & 2, Mus. Wlsm.
Hab. : Corsica, Ajaccio, 4, V, 1896, three specimens.
I met with this species near Ajaccio on the north side of the
town; it is very near glacialis, Frey, but the fore-wings are certainly
narrower than in that species, it also appears to approach focella, Cst.,
but I am unable to regard it as belonging to any hitherto described
species.
TORTRICIDA.
PHALONIANA.
PHALONIA, Hb.
PHALONIA CORSICANA, Sp. 7.
Antenne minutely biciliate in g; cinereous. Palpi brownish-cinereous. Head
and thorax brownish-cinereous. Fore-wings shining pale cinereous, with dark
chestnut-brown mottling and transverse fasciz, all of which are sprinkled, especially
towards the costa, with blackish scales; there is no defined basal patch, but the first
transverse fascia is near the base, ill-defined except on the costa, and immediately
‘succeeded by a more clearly defined and wider fascia of the same chestnut-brown
colour at about one-fifth ; this is slightly bowed outward below the middle, and is
P
170 [August,
succeeded by a narrow half fascia from the costa, reaching the lower margin of the
cell, where it almost touches the inner edge of a broad median band which is diverted
inward to the dorsum below its middle, throwing off a semi-detached fragment also
to the dorsum beyond the middle; a subapical band, slightly sinuate and of irregular
width, descends from the costal cilia to the tornus, a line of chestnut and blackish
scales descending from the costa half way between this and the median band ; before
the apex are two blackish costal spots with some chestnut scales below them, and
five inverted groups of chestnut scales are visible along the termen ; a small black
spot lies at the end of the cell; cilia pale cinereous, with a line of mixed blackish
and chestnut scales running through them, beyond which they are tessulated with
greyish-fuscous—the markings above described are all distinctly separated on the
costa (to the number of eight), alternately larger and smaller. Hap. al., 15 mm.
Hind-wings rather shining leaden-grey, cilia somewhat paler, with a grey line run-
ning through them near their base. Abdomen dark leaden-grey. Legs leaden-grey.
Type, 3, Mus. W1sm.
Hab. : Corsica, Tavignano Valley (Corté). Larva in swellings
on shoots of Santolina chamecyparissus, V—VI, excl. 17, X, 1896, one
specimen.
This species is nearly allied to Cochylis pontana, Stgr., Stett. Ent.
Ztg., XX, 228 (1859), Stgr. & Wk. Cat., 819, = Cochylis edemana,
Cst., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LXII, 402—3 (}Cochylis ruficinetana), Pl.
XII, 1 (1894), but differs in the absence of a fleshy tint in the ground-
colour, in the absence of a basal patch, and in the more streaky
appearance of the fore-wings, owing to the presence of narrower
markings between the three more conspicuous bands which in pontana
are represented only by a few scattered scales, moreover in pontana
the subapical band is wider, not sinuate, and not equally attenuate
towards the tornus. The cilia of the fore-wings are slightly paler in
corsicana, but the hind-wings are decidedly darker throughout. [It
should be observed that through an error in numbering the figures on
the plate which illustrates M. Constant’s paper, ademana, fig. 1, is
called “ ruficinctana, Cst.” (laps. cal. fulvicinetana, Cst., p. 403), while
Sulvicinctana, fig. 2, is named edemana, Cst. !|
The larva of corsicana feeds in May and June in swellings on the
shoots of Santolina chamecyparissus. The larve were very young
when collected near Corté on May 21st, and I only succeeded in
breeding a single @, which emerged on October 17th. Phalonia
pontana (== edemana), which feed in a similar manner on Artemisia
campestris in August and September, pupates after hibernation, the
imago appearing in May and June.
Staudinger describes [Berl. Ent. Zts, XIV, 279—80 (1870) ],
Conchylis santolinana from Old Castile, taken among Santolina ros-
1898.] wal
marinifolia at the end of April and beginning of May, and mentions
that later he found larve in swellings on stems and twigs of that
plant, which he suggests were probably the larve of santolinana, but
he failed to rear them. The Corsican form being entirely distinet
from this Spanish species, which has more the general appearance of
epilinana, Z., 1 am disposed to think that the larve he mentions may
have belonged to corsicana, although Staudinger did not meet with it
in the perfect state.
TINEIDA.
BUCCULATRIX, Z. |
BUCCULATRIX SANTOLINELLA, sp. n.
Antenne white, annulate with fuscous. Head white, mixed with olive-brown
above; face white, speckled with greyish-fuscous ; haustellum whitish. Thorax
white. Fore-wings white, with patches of olive-brown speckling mixed with blackish
scales, this mixed speckling commencing at the base runs narrowly along the costa
terminating in an ante-median quadrate patch, which is succeeded by a large post-
median patch of the same sprinkling, tending obliquely outward and scarcely discon-
nected from a similar tornal patch in which some of the blackish scales form a minute
dot ; on the middle of the dorsum is a somewhat more conspicuous olive-brown patch
reaching to the fold, where it includes a minute blackish dot, the sprinkling towards
the base and apex is more sparsely diffused but extends to the base of the white apical
cilia, which contain near their outer extremity a curved olive-brown line, beyond
which they assume a cinereous tinge. Hxp.al.,8 mm. Hind-wings shining brownish-
cinereous ; cilia pale brownish-cinereous. Abdomen shining, pale brownish-cinereous.
Legs pale brownish-cinereous.
Type, &, Mus. Wl1sm.
Hab.: Corsica, Tavignano Valley (Corté). Larva, Santolina
chamecyparissus, V, excl. 6—13, VI. Imago, 17—28, V. Ten speci-
mens.
Bred from larve feeding in May on Santolina chamecyparissus in
the Tavignano Valley at Corté, where the species was also flying in
company with its near ally helichrysella, Cst., from which it may be
distinguished by its more mottled and sprinkled appearance, the few
specimens of the perfect insect which I succeeded in rearing emerged
during the first half of the month of June.
POSTSCRIPT.
BoRKHAUSENIA LAVANDULA, Mn.
n. synn. = fuscifrontella, Cnst., = pulverisquamis, W\sm.
Ccophora lavandule, Mn., Verh. Z. B. Ver. Wien, V, Abh., 562—
3 (1855) ; Stn., Tin. 8S. Eur., 117, 122 (1869); Stgr. and Wk. Cat.
P2
172 [August,
Lp. Eur., 307, No. 2264 (1871). Ccophora fuscifrontella, Cust., Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr. (6, 8.), [V, 262, Pl. X, 24 (1885). Borkhausenia pulve-
risquamis, Wism., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIV, 1383—4 (1898).
Since the first part of this paper was published I have had oppor-
tunities of enlarging my acquaintance with B. pulverisquamis, W|sm.,
and have become fully convinced that it has already been at least
once described. M. Constant founded his @cophora fuscifrontella on
a single specimen, and although he omits to notice a third dark spot
on the disc, these spots are all so vague that one might easily escape
attention; in all other respects, including the figure of the palpi
(which are not mentioned in the description), it agrees sufficiently well
with my supposed new species. Mann’s description of (cophora
lavandule is so similar and so convincing as regards the roughened
appearance caused by the sprinkling of grey seales, that I have more
than a suspicion of having erred in good company, and unless a com-
parison of the actual types should afford convincing evidence to the
contrary, the synonymy should be as above.
Merton Hall, Thetford :
June, 1898.
ARISTOTELIA SERVELLA, Z., AN ADDITION TO THE BRITISH
FAUNA (LEP. TINEINA).
BY THE RT. HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.
In the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, XXX, 51 (1894), two
specimens of a Gelechia taken near King’s Lynn by Mr. Atmore were
mentioned as probably belonging to the species Xystophora servella, Z.,
but I thought it desirable to await the capture of further examples
before expressing a positive opinion. Mr. Atmore has again met with
the species, and has since submitted further material for examination,
enabling me to confirm the identification and to justify the insertion
of the name in our lists. Following Mr. Meyrick’s definition (HB.
Br. Lp., 572), this species should now stand in the genus Aristotelia,
Hb., which has rightly supplanted the preoccupied name Doryphora,
Hein., as well as the n. n. Xystophora, Hein. and Wk., by which it was
subsequently replaced [Schm. Deutsch. Tin., Tabelle der Gattungen,
6 (1876) ].
Merton Hall, Thetford :
June, 1898.
1898. } 173
AN ECONOMIC USE FOR WATERBUGS.
BY G@. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S.
The use of certain waterbugs, in the egg stage and in the perfect
state, as food both for man and for birds, &c., is no new thing. As
early as 1625 Thomas Gage, a traveller in Mexico, mentions the sale
of cakes made of a “kind of froth” from the Mexican lakes, which
had an extensive sale amongst the inhabitants, a custom which had
doubtless descended from a remote antiquity. In 1832 Thomas Say,
in his description of a new American species of Corixa (Heteropterous
Hemiptera, p. 39), states that the perfect insects are made use of as
food in the City of Mexico, and in 1857 a long account was published
by Guérin-Méneville in five French journals almost simultaneously,
in which three species (of Notonecta and Corixa, two of which were
presumed by the author to be new) were enumerated. The most im-
portant paper, however, was contributed in the following year to the
Bull. Soe. Geol. France, pp. 187—-205, by Virlet d’Aoust, in which he
summarizes the previous literature, and adds numerous details which
will be referred to in part later. The employment of these creatures
for food is not confined to the New World, for de Motschulsky men-
tions (Etudes Entom., v, p. 77, 1856) an Egyptian species of Corixa
whose ova are used for this purpose.
During the last few weeks arrangements have been made for the
importation into this country both of imagines and ova in large
quantities, not indeed for human consumption, but for the food of
insectivorous birds, game, fish, &c., and it may not be uninteresting, —
especially as the previous records are not readily available to British
readers, to give a short account of these insects and their economy.
Guérin-Méneville enumerates four species, but the three hundred
specimens which (through the courtesy of the importers) I have ex-
amined up to the present time, belong to two species only (disregarding
a small water-beetle and two examples of a species of Anisops, whose
presence is merely accidental), viz., Notonecta americana, Fabr., and
Corixa mercenaria, Say, the latter being very largely in the majority.
Guérin-Méneville’s very insufficiently described NV. wnifasciata is
doubtless the former, while I am unable to identify his C. femorata by
the equally unsatisfactory description. The third species mentioned
_ by him is C. mercenaria, which forms the bulk of the “food;” it is
readily distinguished from all other species of Corixa by the large,
almost immaculate, pale area at the base of the elytra. While C.
mercenaria appears to be confined te Mexico and one of the United
174 (August,
States adjacent, z. e., New Mexico, NV. americana is widely distributed
over Mexico, the Aniilles, and the Northern two-thirds of South
America.
The species of both genera, although water inhabitants, usually
leave the element during the night, either for “love meetings,” or
merely for change of residence. They are captured with nets, dried,
and (according to Virlet d’Aoust) sold as “ bird food’ under the name
of “ moschitos,” although Clavigero states that the Mexicans eat them
dried and dressed with saltpetre!
The minute ova, however, are employed entirely as a fillip to
human appetites, and therefore merit a closer consideration. The
shape and external structure of the two kinds are very different. The
ova of WV. americana are oblong-oval, very slightly broader at one end,
and the surface is reticulated with irregular pentagons and hexagons,
the whole surface being minutely and densely but superficially punc-
tured. I have not seen any of these ova im situ, but they appear to
be rather loosely fastened by a “gummy” substance to the external
surface of water plants, &c., as in the case, under unfavourable cir-
cumstances with the British WV. glauca, although the latter usually
partially inserts them in an incision made in the stem of some suitable
plant. Now, as Notonecta is most certainly derived from a Corixid
stock, and as the Corzve do not employ the incision method, it is
probable that this is a fairly recent acquisition on the part of UN.
glauca.
~The ova of C. mercenaria, which occur close together in large
numbers, are much smaller, and irregularly ovate; they are always
connected by an extensile, translucent, colourless “stalk” to a large
dise which is affixed to a leaf or plant-stem. There is no surface
structure (except a slight rugosity) visible with a one-quarter inch
objective, although Meczinkov describes and figures (Zeitschr. fir
Wiss. Zool., xvi, p. 422, pl. xxvi, fig. 18 [1866]) a reticulation composed
of regular (!) hexagons, in an unnamed European species (probably
C. Geoffroyi). At the proper season bundles of rushes are placed in
the lake shallows, and upon these the ova—named by the Mexicans
“ Axayacatl”’ or “ waterface ’’—are deposited, gathered by the natives
and made with meal into cakes; these are eaten aw naturel or with
green chilies! They are also cooked without further preparation,
having then the appearance of fish roe, when they are called “ Ahua-
uhtli ” or “ waterwheat ;”’ they are said to have a delicate flavour and
not to be disdairied at fashionable tables, Virlet d’Aoust comparing it
to Caviare. |
1398.] has
I sampled these ova myself, but I cannot endorse the above tribute,
as (owing doubtless to their being somewhat stale) they had a flavour
(faint, but decided) of sulphuretted hydrogen and decayed animal
substance! The perfect insects, also, are unsuitable in their imported
condition for human food, having a noticeable “buggy” flavour; for
the purposes for which they are imported, however, I do not doubt
that they would be satisfactory.
Some idea of the enormous swarms of C. mercenaria may be
gathered from the fact that it is being imported by the ton! and I have
calculated, somewhat roughly, that each ton will contain little short of
250 millions of individuals!! As to the ova, they are beyond
computation.
In conclusion, I wish to express my acknowledgments to Mr. R.
McLachlan and to Mr. G. C. Champion, who have kindly informed
me of this importation ; and also to Mr. Praschkauer, who has been
good enough to furnish me with a large amount of material, both in
imagines and ova.
St. Abbs, Worple Road, Wimbledon, S.W.:
June, 1898.
SOME REMARKS ON THE COLOUR-VARIETIES OF THE SPECIES
OF ORSODACNA OCCURRING IN BRITAIN.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
The numerous varieties of these species are tabulated at con-
siderable length by Weise [Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., vi, pp. 4—7 (1882) ],
but he does not seem to have noticed that some of the forms are
restricted to one sex only. As one of our British species, O. lineola,
Panz., has been fairly common this year, in nearly all its varieties, on
the hawthorn blossom, at Ashtead, Surrey, in the same spot where I
first met with it in 1878, some account of its various forms will be of
interest to British Coleopterists. Of the second species, O. cerasze,
Linn., which may be readily distinguished from O. lineola by the
almost glabrous and more sparsely punctured upper surface, I possess
very little material, but still sufficient to be able to add one of the
known European varieties (glabrata, Fabr.) to the British list.
O. winEona, Panz.
Of this species the following forms are represented in my
British collection :—
_1. Testaceous, a dorsal vitta on the prothorax, the head and breast, and sometimes
the suture of the elytra, black (0. lineola, Panz.)—Ashtead [ ? ].
2 leh 6 (August,
2. Entirely testaceous above, the breast sometimes infuscate.—Ashtead [ 3], Paisley
oa:
3. Testaceous, the head and breast infuscate or black (O. nigriceps, Latr., O. mespili,
Lac.).—Ashtead, Gravesend, Paisley [ ? ].
4, Bluish-green, the elytral humeri, and sometimes the sides of the prothorax,
rufescent or fulvous (O. humeralis, Latr.).—Ashtead and Paisley [ ¢ ]. |
5. Bluish-green, the sides of the prothorax broadly, the base of the femora, and the
tibise, fulvous.—Ashtead [ ¢ ].
6. Entirely bluish-green above (O. cwrulescens, Duftschm., and O. nematodes, Lac.).
—Ashtead and Paisley [ ¢ ].
Eight varieties are enumerated by Weise, one only of these, his
form c, not being known to me as British. It is black, with the
elytra testaceous, the lateral margins excepted, or entirely piceous
(O. nigricollis, Oliv., and O. marginella, Duftschm.). Nos. 3 and 6 re-
present the prevailing form in the south of England, No. 3 being
the 9, and No.6 the @, these constantly occurring together. The
males, therefore, are usually bluish-green, and the females testaceous,
the latter sometimes having a slight greenish lustre on the upper
surface. The legs are constantly pale in the female. Of the testa-
ceous form, 2, one male only has been seen. The Paisley specimens
were sent to me in 1877 by Mr. Dunsmore.
O. cEerast, Linn.
This species appears to be equally variable in colour on the con-
tinent, but amongst the specimens in my British collection four forms
only are to be found ; these are :—
1. Above and beneath testaceous (O. chlorotica, Oliv., O. fulvicollis, Panz.). [¢ ].
2. Testaceous, the suture of the elytra at the base and the under surface infuscate
or black (O. lineola, Lac.). [3 @ J.
3. Testaceous, the apex of the elytra and the under surface blackish (O. melanura,
Fabr.). [ ¢ ].
4, Black, the prothorax and the front of the head rufo-piceous, the legs obscure
ferruginous (O. glabrata, Fabr.). [ ? ].
The specimens belonging to No. 2 are from Coleford and Matlock,
and that of No. 4 is also from Matlock (Garneys). The others are
not labelled with any definite locality. I am unable to say, from
insufficiency of material, whether the sexes of this species usually
differ in colour, like those of O. lineola ; but it is not likely to be the
case, as the darkest example seen (O. glabrata) is a female, and all the
males are more or less testaceous.
Horsell, Woking :
June, 1898.
1898.) ary
ON ORTHOPTERA COLLECTED BY REV. A. E. EATON IN
ALGERIA.
BY MALCOLM BURR, F.Z.S., F.E.S.
I am indebted to the Rev. A. E. Eaton for a very interesting col-
lection of Orthoptera made by him in Algeria in 1896—7.
Although the Orthoptera of this country have recently been so
exhaustively treated by Finot, and although the collection is not
large, nor absolutely representative, yet the list of the species may
be of interest, especially with the numerous field notes so con-
scientiously recorded by the collector. The number of species is not
great, being forty-two, and there are no novelties, but there are
several fine specimens of the rather rare Sphodromerus decoloratus,
Fin., and Quiroguesia Brullei, Bol.
I have to acknowledge my gratitude to M. Finot for his invalu-
able assistance in determining certain species, as to the identity of
which I was doubtful.
FORFICULARIA.
1. Labidura riparia, (Pall.).—Observed on the sea shore at Sidi Ferruch in
May, and at Tunis in December; nymphs plentiful on the shingle, and sometimes
covered by the sea.
BLATTODEA.
HETEROGAMIID.
2. Heterogamia egyptiaca, (L.).—Occurs locally in the neighbourhood of Biskra
in sandy places where the subsoil is damp; nymphs were taken on the road to
Tolga at the foot of the dunes, and opposite St. Germain.
MANTODEA.
MANTIDZ.
3. Mantis religiosa, L.-Common on the low lying ground at the mouth of the
Seybouse at Bone in September.
4, Sphodromantis bioculata, (Burm.).—In the public gardens at Biskra in De-
cember. Common on Nitraria tridentata and other shrubs near the river above the
barrage.
EMPUSIDE.
5. Blepharis mendica, (Fabr.).—Biskra in March ; on dry stony slopes and low
lying hills. The nymphs run about the ground, but the imagines resort to shrubs,
as Demia cordata, Salsola tetragona, &c., and sometimes in the early spring to the
leaves of Ferula vesceritensis.
LOCUSTODEA.
DECTICIDZE.
6. Rhacocleis neglecta, (Costa).—Common on the hillsides near the suburbs of
Béne in November among Ampelodesmos tena, a coarse grass, and Chamerops
humilis —“ palmetto.”
178 { August,
7. Decticus albifrons, (Fabr.).—Less common than the above on the hillsides,
where it frequents bushes, but more common on the low ground; plentiful near
Biskra in cornfields and amongst Amuria visnaga in May and June. Many dead
specimens were found on the waste ground in November in bushes of Zizyphus latus.
HEtTRODIDA.
8. Eugaster Guyoni, Serv.— El Kantara, a station on the railway to Biskra at
the confines of the desert in August.
ACRIDIODEA.
TRUXALIDE.
9. Truxalis nasuta, (L.).—On the border of the sea coast across the Seybouse,
Bone, in September.
10. Truxalis miniata, Klug.—Near the abattoir, Bone, in September; abund-
ant in the low lying pastures and hayfields near the town. Occurs locally at Biskra
among stony hills and among the dry grass in the sandy dunes.
11. Phleoba (Duronia) Lucasi, Bol.—Bone, in September.
12. Stenobothrus pulvinatus, (Fisch. de W.).—Abundant on the border of the
pasture between the Ain Mokra railway and the Seybouse, and also near the sea
among rushes, Bone, in August.
13. Stauronotus Genei, (Ocsk.).—Abundant on the sandy borders of the sea
near the Seybouse, Bone, in September.
14, Stethophyma hispanicum, (Ramb.).—Not common; taken among Ampelo-
desmos tenaz on the railway Route de Bugeaud at the fourth kilométre from Béne,
in October.
15. Epacromia thalassina, (Fabr.).—Abundant on the irrigated pastures near
the oasis, Fort St. Germain and Pare de Beni Mora, Biskra, in November.
16. Epacromia strepens, (Latr.).—Abundant by the Seybouse and by the coast
north of Bone, in August and September. Taken in winter on the banks of the
river near Hippone amongst Smyrnium olusatrum.
CHDIPODIDE.
17. Gdipoda fuscocincta, Luc.—Abundant on the cliffs along the Chemin de la
Corniche beyond the harbour, Bone, in August. Also in October, on the Route de
Bugeaud.
18. @. cerulescens, (l.).—Much more common and wide spread than the above,
Bone, in September ; common everywhere. '
19. Quiroguesia Brullei, (Sauss.).—Biskra, in May, near the railway by the
200th kilométre and also on the north border of the Champ de Manceuvres.
20. Scintharista Wagneri, (Eversm.).—One specimen taken near Béne, in May.
21. Thalpomena algeriana, (Luc.).—Taken sparingly among Cistus and Ampelo-
desmos tenax on the hillside over the Route de Bugeaud, near the fourth kilométre
from Béne, in October.
22. Acrotylus longipes, (Charp.).—Common at Bone and Biskra from September
to December.
23. A. insubricus, (Scop.).—Abundant at Béne and Biskra from September to
December.
1898.] 179.
24. A. patruelis, (Sturm.) North of Bone, on the Route de Bugeaud, and Bis-
kra, from August to December; very common.
25. Sphingonotus cerulans, (L.).—Very common on the low stony hills north
of Biskra, in November.
26. S. Savignyi, Sauss.—On the alluvial flat ground near Hamman-es-Salahin,
Biskra, in April.
27. S. azurescens, (Ramb.).—Abundant on the sands near the sea shore beyond
the Seybouse, Béne, in September.
28. S. octofasciatus, (Serv.).—Abundant near Biskra on the railway in April
and May.
29. Gidaleus nigrofasciatus, (De Geer.).—One at the mouth of the Seybouse
near Bone, in March ; one in November at Biskra, but from May locally abundant.
30. Pachytylus danicus, (L.). (= cinerascens, Fabr.).—Near Bone it is common
on the coast and on the slopes of the spur of Mt. Edough among the grass in Sep-
tember. At Biskra it is fairly common on the pastures in the same month. “The
males in play sometimes spring up to a height of 10 or 12 feet into the air, making
a noise with their wings as if their hind legs were struck against them, and alighting
nearly in the same spot whence they sprang.”
EREMOBIDZ.
31. Hremobia Claveli, Luc.—Hamman-es-Salahin, a hot spring five miles from
Biskra, in April; local, inhabiting sandy places among Limoniastrum Guyonianum.
32. Hremocharis insignis, (Luc.).—Common on the low stony hills north of
Biskra in June, and difficult to distinguish when motionless among the grass.
PYRGOMORPHIDE.
33. Pyrgomorpha grylloides, (Latr.).—Occurs here and there on patches of
sandy soil not incrusted with salt, near the Pare de Beni Mora, Biskra, in February
to April, and in November; nowhere abundant.
ACRIDIIDE.
34. Dericorys Millieri, Finot.—On the alluvial soil near the Biskra railway,
about kilométre 200, frequenting bushes of Salsola tetragona in the hollows, in
April and May; moderately common.
35. Acridium egyptium, (L.).—Fairly common near Biskra in October, fre-
quenting gardens and irrigated pastures.
36. Schistocerca peregrina, (Oliv.).— In 1897 hordes of this species began to
be mentioned in Algerian newspapers soon after Christmas as troublesome in the
extreme south. Moving in northerly directions, some arrived during February at
Tougourt, about 100 miles south of Biskra, whence consignments were sent fried in
oil to the Biskra market, three weeks or so ahead of the immigration into this oasis.
Another fortnight sufficed for their extension to the coast. They take some time
to mature their eggs, . . - and undergo a change of coloration with advance
of age.”” The yellowest specimens appear to be the oldest.
37. Euprepocnemis plorans, (Charp.).—Abundant near Bone from September to
November, along the coast beyond the Seybouse, among Chamerops humilis, and on
180 (August,
the spur of Mt. Edough, north of the town. At Biskra it is plentiful in November
among Nitraria tridentata.
38. Thisoicetrus littoralis, (Ramb.).—Abundant at Bone beyond the Seybouse
in September, among Ononis natriz. Common at Biskra in November on the low
stony ridges and hills north of the town.
39. Caloptenus italicus, (L.).—Abundant near Bone in September along the
coast, and on the stony hills north of Biskra, in November. ‘The very large cerci
hang down during life, but become nearly erect in dying.
40. Sphodromerus decoloratus, Finot.—Common on the stony wastes north of
Biskra in November and December, seeking refuge between or beneath stones when
alarmed.
OPOMALIDE.
41. Opomala cylindrica, (Marsch.).—Abundant near Biskra among Phragmitis
communis. “ When they take refuge among the reeds, they crouch close along the
stem, and can be caught by a sudden grab with the hand.”
TETTIGIDE.
42. Paratettix meridionalis, (Ramb.).—Among coarse grass, Imperata cylind-
rica, in the Pare de Beni Mora at Biskra, in November.
Bellagio, East Grinstead :
May 29th, 1898.
NOTE ON GOEZE’S BEITRAGE.
BY THE RT. HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.,
AND
JNO. HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S.
Hagen, Bibl. Ent., I, 291, No. 26 (1862), when collating Vols. I,
II and III (pts. 1—8) of this work, remarked, ‘‘ Engelmann p. 484
fihrt noch, P. IV. von T. III. ibid. 1783 an. Ich habe ihn nirgends
gesehen, finde ihn aber in einem antiquar. Catalog mit dem Beisatz :
selten ausgeboten.” Having lately acquired a complete copy, it may
be useful to publish its collation.
Gorzr (Joh. Aug. Ephraim).
“ Entomologische | Beytrage | zu | des Ritter Linné | zwolfteu
Ausgabe | des Natursystems” |. 8vo. Leipzig (Weidmanns Erben
und Reich), 1777—83.
I. pp. xvi+ 736 (1777).
II. pp. Ixxii + 352 (1778).
III. (1) pp. x1 +390 (1779) ; (2) pp. xxiv-+350 (1780); (8) pp.
xlviii + 439 (1781) ; (4) pp. xx +178 (1783).
Merton Hall, Thetford :
- Fully Ast, 1898.
1898.] isl
BUTTERFLIES SEEN IN AND AROUND JERUSALEM.
: BY A. H. SWINTON, F.E.S.
The hill country of Judea rises as a saddle back of conical hills
and hillocks of limestone and chalk, in places horizontally stratified or
terraced so as to present the appearance of being turned out of box-
wood; and Jerusalem “the waterless” stands upon a declivity in a
hollow on the water shed of these Downs, which, in their wildest
aspects, resemble those of Surrey and Wilts, and which are clothed
with similar plants, whose species, sometimes identical, are commonly
more spiny, woody or woolly ;* and a few have an aroma which is
fugitive.
Around Jerusalem a diversified shade is absent, for the trees and
bushes have been replaced by olive yards that seem to have outlived
the crude-fruited date palms, and consequently insects, as on the
Mendips, are erratic and phenomenal rather than local, save when the
food-plant of the butterflies grows on the walls of the towns or in
garden plots; and then such kinds are suburban.
The species which I noticed between April and September, 1896,
Mr. Kirby has kindly identified for me as follows :—
PAPILIONIDA.
Papilio Machaon, L., 23/5, 1/8.—The European type of the Swallow Tail
Butterfly, which extends as far as the Euphrates. There are two annual generations
at Jerusalem, I think, as in Europe, and I recall that one morning when I called on
Miss Fitzjohn, who resides in the suburbs, she showed me the caterpillars feeding
on rue in her garden. As regards the coloration of the chrysalides she said, “I
have several in a box which is of a light and unstained wood, two of these are of
the same age, the one is a brownish-grey and the other a light green.”
Thais Cerisyi, B.—Appears early in the spring. I found the caterpillars
feeding in Mrs. Reardon’s garden at Jerusalem on Aristolochia parviflora, a plant
with a gourd-shaped seed pod that grew under the stone walls. They became
chrysalides in July, and the butterflies emerged at Redbridge in England on the
15, 21, 26, 28, and 29 of the following April.
Doritis Apollina, Hbst.—Appears earlier than the preceding. I found the
caterpillars feeding, in company with those of 7. Cerisyi,on Aristolochia parviflora.
They became chrysalides in July, and the butterflies emerged at Redbridge in
England the 23 and 25 of the following March.
PIERID A.
Gonepteryx Antonia, Butl., 19/5—2/6.—This Brimstone Butterfly is on the
wing at the commencement of February ; it flies wildly in the gardens at mid-day,
and I have no doubt but what its caterpillars feed on the hawthorns (Crategus
_ azarolus) that may be seen here and there in the gardens and olive yards.
* J have followed Dr, Post’s Flora of Syria.
182 {August,
Aporia crategi, L.—On arriving at Jerusalem I took a walk to the summit of
the Mount of Olives to get a glimpse of the Dead Sea and the trees that indicate
the track of the Jordan, and in a barley field I saw some black veined butterflies.
Miss Fitzjohn subsequently found me a specimen of the butterfly whose caterpillar
I have no doubt feeds on the Crategus azarolus.
Belenois Mesentina, Cramer.—Appeared on the caper flowers in company with
the Jdmais Fausta in August. It oviposited on the caper plant (Capparis spinosa),
and a new generation disclosed in September. The continuation of these butter-
flies in the egg during the summer heat is remarkable.
Pieris brassice, L., 19/5.—Miss Fitzjohn leads me to suppose that its
caterpillars feed on the caper as well as on the cabbage, which, in the winter, grows
very large at Jerusalem. The caterpillars of this butterfly are attacked by an
ichneumon that forms a heap of cocoons as in Europe.
Pieris rape, L., 23/5, 2/6, 10/8.—Flies among the pot herbs in company with
brassice. It has been said that the chrysalis of the “Small White” takes the
colour of the surface on which it rests. This is unaccountable, but I think that
its skin, like that of the chameleon, reflects it, and to prove this it is only
necessary to detach it.
Pieris Daplidice, L., 8—19/5, 14/7—15/8.—Plentiful during the summer, and
flying about everywhere in the gardens and vineyards; and according to the Rev.
F. A. Walker, over the sand hills down to the banks of the Jordan.
Anthocharis Gruneri, H.-S., var. armeniaca, Chr.—One female.
Colias Edusa, F., 9/5—10/7.—The English “ Clouded Yellow ” with nothing of
the fiery colour of the Indian C. Fieldiz.
Idmais Fausta, Oliv., 13/7—25/8.—This charming butterfly appears at the end
of July, and during August it flocked to the caper plants, enlivening the ancient
Temple area with its melon coloured wings, and flying in droves along the northern
wall of Jerusalem. It came in the sirocco weather to the gardens and brought a
thrill of joy, when the dogs lay panting at the door, the ravens flew with gaping
mouths, and the only green grass on the surface of the cauldron of brazen hills was
a tuft of Cynodon dactylon under the shadow of a wall.
NYMPHALIDA.
Melitea Trivia, Schiff., var. Persea and var. Catapelia, 8/5—8/7.—During the
month of May this butterfly was fluttering at the historical paved and stony north
road; and in the autumn it was omnipresent on the hills. It is difficult to dis-
tinguish it from M. Didyma; both have the O-shaped spot on the fore-wing, but
when flying it seems smaller. The caterpillar feeds on mullein, but I saw none on
the Verbascum sinuatum, which grows over six feet high, and forms a conspicuous
object on the waste spots around Jerusalem.
Grapta Egea, Cr., 10/5, 19—16/6, 15/7, 7/8.—A spring and summer generation
or a summer.disclosure that hibernates. I saw one of these butterflies on a thistle
in May, and another generation emerged at the commencement of June, when
numbers were to be seen in the ravine on the south side of the town, where on the
ridge over the problematical “ Potter’s Field”’ the caper earliest expands its rose-like
snow-white blossoms; and shortly afterwards individuals were to be seen sunning
1898.] 183
themselves on the walls in its alleys. About this time I met with this butterfly in
the small town that is springing up around the Baptist’s Fountain, its urban
partialities suggesting that its caterpillars had fed on the pellitory.
Pyrameis cardui, L.—An almost cosmopolitan butterfly flying everywhere
during the summer. I found its caterpillars on the thistles, and the butterflies
appeared in June.
Limenitis ?—A glade gliding butterfly visited a fig tree when the Cicadetta atra
was churring on the Echinops viscosus, and Cicada orni croaking on the olives grey
with the red-fruited Viscum cruciatum.
SATYRIDA.
Helanargia Titea, Klug, 14/5.—Plentiful as you left Jerusalem in May and
June, on the level rock-ridged waste to the right of the Jaffa road.
Lasiommata Mera, L., 23/5—17/8.—Flew zigzag along the walls of the vine-
yards during the summer, and might have been mistaken for the English “ Wall”
Butterfly, which, when the apical eye on the fore-wing has one pupil, it resembles
sometimes a variety (orientalis, Ruhl.) that has the fulvous colour deeper, and
whose appearance is somewhat startling, was wafted over.
Hipparchia fatua, Lederer, 6/7.—Was sometimes seen flying along the walls of
the vineyards. It is easily mistaken for the European statilinus.
Hipparchia Thelephassa, Klug, 10/5, 23/5.—Flies and settles in the manner
of the European “Grayling” upon the rocks. During the summer it collected
in companies at the mouths of the caves and rock-hewn sepulchres that border the
valleys, and hid among the pellitory, maiden hair, and Podonosma syriacum.
Epinephile Hispulla, Esp. —The female of this butterfly has purple tints on
the under-side instead of the sandy ones of the English “ Meadow Brown.” These
match the shades of the limestone rocks on which it reposes and favour its
concealment.
Epinephile Telmessia, H.-S., 21/7.—Despite the two eye-spots on the fore-wing,
this butterfly is not easily distinguished from the previous one as it flies over
the grass.
Ypthima Asterope, Klug, 16, 21, 23/6.—This darts in zigzag about the walls
and suns on the ground in the shady corners of the vineyards. I previously had a
specimen of this butterfly sent me from Northern India, and also a large winged ant
(Dorylus), which came to the lights on the supper table at Jerusalem on the 6th of
the month; both butterfly and ant reminding me that I was in Asia.
LYC ANID A.
Spindasis Acamas, Klug, 21/7.—For the sake of its associations I one day got
as far as Kolonieh on the Jaffa road, supposed to be Emmaus, where there is an old
wall with bevelled stones, and a tavern with a multilingual signboard. The dell in
which it was situated recalled a heathery nook in England, for the Thymbra spicata
that mimics the heather was coming into bloom at the roadside, and on it I saw this
butterfly resembling a hair streak. I afterwards startled another from the Poterium
spinosum and scrub on the hill side, but more I did not see.
Chrysophanus Omphale, Klug, 8/5, 1/6—30/6, 3, 8—6—9, ¢.—I noticed a
worn female upon a thistle head in May. A new generation commenced to emerge
18h [August
in the dry water courses empurpled with Eryngium creticum that scar the eastern
slope of the Mount of Olives on the first of June, and which, in mae had
disappeared.
Chrysophanus stygianus, Butl., 19/5—20/7.—A dusky Mediterranean form of
e “Small Copper,” which has the tails of the hind-wings more or less long, but
little of its gem-like beauty when seen reposing on a grass plot in an English lane.
Like its prototype it flew away and returned to settle on the sunny ground under
the wall of the vineyard.
Plebeius Trochilus, Freyer, 30/6—18/8.—This minute butterfly fluttered over the
sunburnt grass in July, and settled on the sparse flowers that had braved the
drought.
Polyommatus beticus, L., 2/6—9/6.—Settled on the bushes in the garden in
June, in the manner of a hair-streak.
Seolitantides Baton, Berg., 2/6.—Flies in company with Icarus among the rocks
on the hill slopes that border the left side of the Jaffa road as you leave Jerusalem.
Cupido Icarus, Rott., a variety that is near pusillus, Garb., 29/5—28/7.—This
common “ Blue ”’ is plentiful in the gardens and vineyards during the summer.
HESPERIIDAL.
Pyrgus althee, Hb., var. beticus, Ramb., 8/8—12/8.—Flies here and there in
the ravines at the end of summer. I saw one at Bethlehem.
Hesperia orbifera, Latr., 16/6—29/7.—Flies here and there in the ravines
during the summer. I saw one among the sand hills in the Wilderness of Judea.
Thymelicus lineola, O., 2/6, 16/6.—I saw one on the top of the Mount of Olives
on the second of June, and later on I discovered a group collected under the stone
wall near the windmill that overlooks the Railway Station at Jerusalem.
At Jaffa, in April, I captured EHuchloé Belemia and Azamus Gamra, a little
“Blue” with green eye spots on the under-side of the hind-wings.
Redbridge, Southampton :
April, 1898.
NOTE ON ASPIDIOTUS GREENTI.
BY PROF. T. D. A. COCKERELL, F.E.S.
In Bull. 6, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agriculture, p. 2
(fig. 7), I named as A. Greenii a species on Cycas from Kandy, Ceylon,
sent to me by Mr. Green as A. cyanophylli. I now learn from Mr.
Green that there were three species on the Cycas at Kandy, and by
mistake he sent me, not the species he called cyanophylli, but the one
he referred to cydonie.
I now believe that the A. cyanophylli of Green’s “ Coccide of
Ceylon,” and the insect reported by me (J. c., p. 27, footnote) from
Mazatlan, Mexico, are the true cyanophylli of Signoret. Comstock’s
cyanophyllt is doubtless the same, as I learn from Mr. Pergande that
1898.] 185
his specimens show the incisions with thickened edges, as in Diasp?-
diotus, notwithstanding that his account in the Cornell Univ. Report
(1883) leaves it to be understood that they are absent.
The true A. Greenii is the species described and figured in the
“ Coccide of Ceylon” as A. cydoniea,Comst. A short time ago I found
specimens of it on a house palm at Mesilla, New Mexico, agreeing
excellently with Green’s Ceylon insect. The convex greenish scale
with orange exuviz, as figured by Green, is very characteristic. Ido
not believe this can be Comstock’s cydonie. Mr. Pergande tells me
that the type scales of cydonie are light grey or yellowish-grey, the
exuvie dark brownish and covered more or less with secretion. As
for the 2 insects, the reader may compare the figures on pp. 11 and 12
of my bulletin cited, that of cydonie being from one of Comstock’s
types.
Mesilla Park, N. M., U.S. A.:
June 15th, 1898.
Food-plants of Gelechia fraternella, Dgl.—The Rev. C. R. Digby (ante, p. 151)
asks whether there is not some confusion about the food-plant of Gelechia frater-
nella, because he has always found the larva on Stellaria graminea, but never on
S. uliginosa, which is recorded as the plant on which it is usually found. It will,
therefore, interest him to know that the records are quite reliable, and that in some
localities the larva does feed in nature on S. uliginosa; in proof of this I may
mention that on May 13th, 1888, I received from Mr. H. T. Stainton some larvee of
this species found feeding on S. wliginosa at Lewisham, which yielded a series of
imagines in the following July. Again, in the Nat. Hist. Tin., x, pl. xi, the plant
there figured with the shoot spun together by the larva of G. fraternella is cer-
tainly S. wliginosa; and as, in the account of its habits (op. cit.), Stainton says that
it occasionally also feeds on Cerastium vulgatum, we now know that it has three
separate food-plants. Mr. Digby refers fraternella to the genus Lita, but Messrs.
Durrant and Meyrick both agree that Lita cannot stand as a separate genus, and
must be merged in Gelechia, Hb.—Eustacr R. Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe
Castle: July 5th, 1898.
Food-plants of Dichrorampha sequana, Hb.—I am glad to see that the Rev. C.
R. Digby (ante, p. 150) calls attention to the occurrence of this species among
yarrow, for although I do not think it has ever yet been recorded as having been
bred from this plant in Britain, it also flies commonly amongst it in the only spot in
this district where I have ever met with it, and obviously feeds in the roots of this
plant, tansy being entirely absent from the locality. In Germany they seem to have
done better, and to have already bred it from yarrow as well as tansy, for Sorhagen,
in his “Kleinschmetterling der Mark Brandenburg,” p. 137 (1886), says: “ The
larva in Achillea and Tanacetum.”—Ip.: July 6th, 1898.
Q
186 (August,
Narycia melanella, Hw.: a point of nomenclature—This name appears in Mr.
Meyrick’s “Handbook,” p. 776, in place of the familiar “Xysmatodoma” mela-
nella, but with no reason for the change. Modern change in the nomenelature
of British Lepidoptera has ceased to interest me as a rule, but this is a case on
which I can probably throw as much light as any one. Stephens, in his “ Illustra-
tions,” Mandibulata, vi, p. 154, pl. xxxii, fig. 4 (1836), described and figured a
new genus and spécies of supposed Trichoptera as Narycia elegans. His description
and figure were reproduced by Kolenati in his “ Genera et Species Trichopterorum,”
pt. ii, p. 293, tab. v, fig. 62. When Dr. Hagen, in 1857, made an examination of
Stephens’ collection for his “Synopsis of British Phryganide,’ he detected that
Narycia elegans was undoubtedly Lepidopterous, and a note by Mr. Douglas in the
* Ent. Weekly Intelligencer,” ii, p. 59, identified it with the inseet then, and generally,
known as Xysmatodoma melanella. Dr. Hagen alluded to it himself in the “ En-
tomologist’s Annual” for 1859, p. 108. Later on, in 1865, I called attention to it
in my “ Trichoptera Britannica”’ (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. iii, v, p. 169), but no
attempt was made by the Lepidopterists to change the generic appellation of the
moth. Xysmatodoma was founded by Zeller in the “ Linnea Hntomologica,”’ vii,
p- 352 (1852), sixteen years later than Narycia. I may remark that Stephens had
previously described the insect as Lampronia melanella, Hw., in the “ Illustrations,”
Haustellata, iv, p. 358 (1835), but it is in no way typical of Lampronia, which was
made to contain 22 incongruous species. Much as I dislike change, I think
Mr. Meyrick, with # knowledge of the circumstances (mainly communicated by
myself), had no alternative in the course he adopted; but if, in all the numerous
changes he has made, there was one more than another that demanded an explana-
tion, it was probably this, considering that different Orders of inseets were involved,
and that few occupy themselves with more than one.—R. McLacunan, Lewisham :
June 20th, 1898.
Cynomyia alpina in Warwickshire —In the March number (ante, p. 63), I
recorded the capture of sixteen és of this rare species in my garden during August,
1897. This year I met with it in Sutton Park so early as June 19th: one specimen
taken, and a second missed ; ou July 3rd six were captured, and, to my delight, two
of them proved to be females—this being the first record of that sex for Britain.
On the 5th, four gs and one ?, making twelve in all. Ten of the twelve were
taken on bramble leaves, imbibing the honeydew from Aphides, the other two on
the ground. They vary considerably in size, the 9s appear to be smaller than the
6 s.—Ratru C. Brapwey, Sutton Coldfield: July 12th, 1898.
Ischnomera sanguinicollis at Leigh Woods, Bristol. Having a couple of hours
to spare during a hurried visit to Bristol on June 10th, I made my way to Leigh
Woods, and was fortunate in beating from a hawthorn two specimens of Jschnomera
sanguinicollis. Other species included Cistela murina (1), Tetrops preusta (1),
from hawthorn; Cistela luperus (1) from birch; and Scymnus ecapitatus (8) from
oak. ‘Two specimens of Magdalinus armiger and one of Hylastes opacus occurred
crawling on the walls of the approach to the Clifton Suspension Bridge.—J. HaRomp
Bai.ey, Pendleton: July 7th, 1898.
1898. 187
Obituary.
Ernest Candéze, M.D., F.E.S., the learned monographer of the Hlateride, an
accomplished entomologist and writer, died at Liége on June 30th, after a short
illness from angina pectoris, in his 72nd year, deeply mourned by a large circle of
personal friends, not a few of whom are in this country. This is a preliminary
notice ; a more extended memoir will appear hereafter.
Societies.
BirMINGHAM EntomonoeicaL Society: April 18th, 1898.— Mr. R. C.
BRADLEY in the Chair.
Mr. P. W. Abbott showed a very fine series of Heliothis peltigera taken
in South Devon last year. Mr. R. C. Bradley, a small lot of insects collected
during a holiday spent in Norway last year; he occupied most of his time cruising in
the Fjords, &c., and was only able to collect a very little at times when on shore ;
amongst his captures were Boarmia repandata, with pale blotches in the disc of the
fore-wings, and very fine vars. of Bombus agrorum. Myr. Martineau, a fine large
Stirex gigas, 2 , taken in a grocer’s shop at Solihull.
May 16th.—Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. R. C. Bradley showed a Trypetid which he had taken on a window in his
house at Sutton; it had been sent to Mr. G. H. Verrall, who said it was Rhacoch-
lena tozoneura, a genus and species new to Britain, and very rare. Mr. P. W. Abbott,
Teniocampa opima and a series of T. stabilis, all from Wyre Forest; the stabilis
were rather peculiar, the orbicular and reniform tending to coalesce in all; in one
specimen they had coalesced on the right wing, but had not quite done so on the
left. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, the remainder of his collection of the genus Colias,
also Meganostoma and Rhodocera ; he pointed out the manner in which Colias ran
naturally into Rhodocera through Meganostoma.
June 20th.—Mr. R. C. Bradley in the Chair.
Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, Park Grove, Solihull, was elected a Member of the
Society.
Mr. C. J. Wainwright exhibited a short series of Orthoneura elegans (four
males, four females) and O. brevicornis (nine males) from Sutton, taken on May 15th
and 22nd this year, and said that both species were exceedingly rare, and that they
had previously been known as British only from a few odd specimens. Mr. Bradley
showed Anthophora pilipes and Andrena Gwynana, both of which species had been
very common at Droitwich in the first week of April this year. Mr. Martineau said
that Anthophora pilipes occurred at Solihull, and was damaging the red sandstone
church wall by burrowing freely in it. Mr. Fountain, a collection of insects made
in Herefordshire on Whit Monday, including Epione advenaria, Ligdia adustata,
Winoa euphorbiata, Hadena geniste, &e. Mr. Martineau showed Andrena cingulata,
g and 2, from Wyre Forest, taken on May 9th; they were the first local specimens
he had heard of.—Cotpran J. WAinwricut, Hon. Secretary.
Q 2
188 [August,
Tue Sovurn Lonpon Entomotoaican and Natura History Society:
April 28th, 1898.—Mr. R. Apxin, F..S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. Bishop exhibited a very varied series of bred Teniocampa miniosa, and
remarked that a large proportion of the brood had the claws of the front legs un-
developed, and were thus unable to cling to vertical surfaces. Mr. Sauzé, a series of
Brachinus crepitans from Swanage, very variable in both size and colour. Mr.
Edward Saunders sent a series of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, comprising examples of
most of the genera of this group, to illustrate his paper. Mr. West (Greenwich),
a drawer comprising a large number of Hemiptera taken by himself during the last
three years. Mr. Adkin, a series of bred Hugonia quercinaria, including a gynan-
dromorphous specimen, together with mounted examples of the genitalia and
enlarged photographs of the same, and read detailed notes. A paper, written by
Mr. Edward Saunders, F.L.S., entitled, “Notes on Collecting British Hemiptera,”
was then read.
May 12th.—Mr. J. W. Turt, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. J. W. Downing, of Tooting Graveney, was elected a Member.
Mr. Adkin exhibited red specimens of Cidaria unidentaria, and Mr. Tutt said
there was no doubt as to this form occurring in the species as it had recently been
bred. Mr. Moore, specimens of Anasa tristis, the squash-bug, Murgantia histrionica,
the harlequin cabbage-bug, Anophthalmus tenuis, a blind cave beetie, and Blissus
leweoptenis, the chinch-bug, all from the U. States of N. America, and contributed
notes; the blind beetle was from the famous Wyandotte caves. Mr. Tutt, a speci-
men of Libythea celtis taken in S. France after hibernation, and set to show the
protective resting habit; the veins and marking of the lower side, and the palpi and
antenne, admirably resembling a dead but still attached leaf and its stalk. Mr.
Jones, a very large number of European Lepidoptera, mostly bred and in the finest
condition, to illustrate his paper on the subject of “Collecting in the Riviera.” Mr.
Tutt and Dr. Chapman gave details of their recent experiences in the district.
May 26th.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. Edwards exhibited two very large Prawns from Madras, and also a living
specimen of a Scorpion, found by himself in the neighbourhood of Cannes, where it
was abundant ; it fed readily upon young cockroaches. Mr. West, of Greenwich, a
series of the smallest British water-bug, Microvelia pygmea, and stated that it ran
readily over the surface of the water. Mr. Turner,a life-history series of Coleophora
genistecolelia from Carlisle, showing imagines and cases made by the larve on the
food plant, Genista anglica (the Petty Whin). He stated that the larvee were
noticed at Oxshott on May 21st, during the Field Meeting.
June 9th.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. Lucas exhibited coloured drawings of Libellula fulva, showing details.
Mr. Bishop, a bred specimen of Brephos parthenias, having a gap in the wing due
to an injury to the pupa; the gap was ciliated. He also exhibited specimens of
Thecla rubi, and remarked on the variability of the androconial marks in this
species, while in all the rest of the genus they were notably constant ; specimens of
Rumia luteolata, showing considerable range of variation in the red spotting ; and
1898.) 189
larvee of Teniocampa munda, T. incerta, and T. instabilis. My. Tutt, ova of He-
pialus lupulinus, and said that under a glass they looked like little black sloes. Mr.
West, of Greenwich, series of Trapezonotus agrestis and Tropistethus holosericeus,
obtained by shaking moss in Headley Lane. Mr. Shortridge Clarke gave an account
of a remarkable occurrence of thousands of larve and imagines of Caradrina qua-
dripuncta (cubicularis) in a large hay store in the Isle of Man.—Hy. J. Turner,
Hon. Secretary.
EntTomotoeican Soctety oF Lonpon: May 4th, 1898.—Mr. R. TRimen,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. H. G. PauisEr, of 6, Mount Park Road, Ealing, W., was elected a Fellow
of the Society.
Colonel Yerbury exhibited a series of Diptera collected at Hyéres during March
and April, 1898, and including Brachypalpus valgus, Panz., Callicera Fagesii, Guér.,
and a species of Platystoma which appeared to be undescribed. Mr. Barrett, aberrant
forms of British species of Lepidoptera from Gloucestershire and Warwickshire.
Mr. Waterhouse, two burnished golden beetles, Anoplognathus aureus from Queens-
land. and Plusiotis resplendens from Panama, which he stated to be interesting
examples of a similar result being attained by a process of natural selection in two
species of the same family in widely separated localities; many members of the
family had a slight. tendency to show metallic colours. It would be interesting to
ascertain whether there were any similarity in their surroundings in the two
countries which would make this golden appearance an advantage, or whether it
might be considered a “warning colour.” Allied species, however, appeared to be
edible. Mr. Walker, specimens of the rare Philonthus fuscus, Grav., found in the
Cossus-eaten poplar im Chatham Dockyard at the end of April. Mr. R. McLachlan
communicated a paper on ‘* Neuroptera-Planipennia taken by the Rev. A. E. Eaton
in Algeria.”
June 1st, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Prof. B. Grassi, M. Hippolyte Lucas, and Dr. August Weismann were elected
Honorary Fellows. Mr. C. H. A. Brooke, of 67, Holland Park Avenue, Kensington,
W.; and Mr. G. B. Dixon, of St. Peter’s Road, Leicester, were elected Ordinary
Fellows of the Society.
Mr. P. B. Mason exhibited a specimen of the rare Lathridius filum found in
his own herbarium. It had been previously taken at Edinburgh by McNab, and he
understood that an example had been found in a sealed envelope containing Mar-
chantia from Franz Josef Land. Mr. J. J. Walker, a singular blue variety of
Carabus monilis, Fabr., resembling in colour C. intricatus, and taken at Iwade,
Kent, in flood-rubbish in May. Mr. F. Merrifield forwarded for exhibition from
Riva on the Lago di Garda larve of the “Corsican form,” var. ichnusa, of Aglais
urtice. Mr. G. C. Champion called attention to Mr. A. Somerville’s recently-
published sheet of the County and Vice-County divisions of the British Isles for
biological purposes, and a discussion ensued thereon. Papers were communicated
by Sir G. F. Hampson, Bart., on “The Moths of the Lesser Antilles,” and by Mr.
J. H. Leech on “ Lepidoptera-Heterocera from Northern China, Japan, and Korea.”
—W. F. H. Bruanproxrp, Hon. Secretary.
190 {August,
A REVIEW, WITH SOME CRITICAL NOTES,
OF “THE PTEROPHORIDZ OF NORTH AMBERICA.
C. H. FERNALD, A.M., Pu.D.
MAssACHUSSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. JANUARY, 1898.”
[sep. pp. 80, pagination including cover and Pl. I—IX.]
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D. F.RS., &.
Dr. Fernald has recently issued an excellent monograph of the
Pterophoride of North America. Descriptions of all the genera and
species are published with synoptical tables and full synonymy,
moreover, it is accompanied by a good series of uncoloured plates,
representing the structural characters, especially the neuration of the
genera, and the male genitalia of a large number of species. It
would have greatly facilitated comparison if references to the figures
had been given in the text. The first ten pages are devoted to the
history of the family, wherein the more important literature of the
subject is referred to; the structure, habits, early stages, systematic
position, and general characters of these insects being set out in
detail.
The paper has been issued in separate form, but no reference is
given to the title of the original publication, and it is evident from a
reference to the index, wherein the page numbers run from 95 to 140,
that this excerpt of pp. 3 to 80 (including the pagination of the
plates) is not paged in accordance with the original publication.
We cannot too frequently repeat the objections to such variation,
which is apt to cause the utmost confusion in tracing out subsequent
references given by other authors.
Personally, I am very desirous to incorporate the references to
Dr. Fernald’s paper in my MS. Index of the Péterophoride of the
World, but it is impossible to do so before obtaining a copy of the
publication in which it was issued. The editors must be held re-
sponsible for the issue of wrongly paged separate copies, which
cannot be regarded or cited as an independent edition; but Dr.
Fernald may be acquitted of all blame for this unfortunate blunder.
With regard to the systematic position of this family, the author appears to be
in sympathy with the view that it forms an aberrant group of the Pyralide, as
suggested by Dr. Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag., VI, 152 (1869), and his adoption without
reserve of the classification proposed by Meyrick, is no mean tribute to the accuracy
of that author whose methods and conclusions have thus received the sanction and
support of so high and painstaking an authority.
His reference to the genus Chrysocorys, Crt. (more properly Schreckensteinia,
Hb.), p. 12, which had been placed among the Pterophoride by several English
1898.] ~~ 191
entomologists, shows that following Meyrick he very properly excludes this from
the family.
Dr. Jordan, at the conclusion of his “ Notice of the Skandinaviens fjadermott
of H. D. J. Wallengren,” gave a list of the British Pterophoride [Ent. Mo. Mag.,
VI, 151 (1869)], commencing with Chrysocorys; from this it would at first sight
appear that Wallengren had included Chrysocorys in the Pterophoride, which was
not the case, and Dr. Jordan appears to have misled Mr. Tutt, who wrote, Pter.
Br., 10, “ Herr Wallengren first removed it to the Pterophori.” This mistake in
classification probably originated with Curtis [Guide, 188 (1831) ], where we find,
FCB) INTE ian hoes ses aoceen nee *]. angustipennella. Festaliella, Hib. ?
1040 PrrropHoRus, 161.”
and in Curtis’ Guide (2 edn.), 216 (1837).
“1039 Curysocorys, Curt....*1. scissella, Hw., angustipennella.
10396 Apactytus, 471 ...... *1. Bennetii, B.E.
1040 PrrRopHoRts, 161.”
In Brit. Ent., XIV, Pl. 663, expl. p. (2), (1837), Curtis, referring to Hiibner’s
figures of the larva and pupa of Chrysocorys festaliella which he had copied,
wrote: “It is clear from them that this moth is closely allied to the Péerophori.”
The late Dr. Jordan [Ent. Mo. Mag., VI, 152 (1869)] quoted the “high
authority of Mr. Stainton ”’ in support of his opinion as to the location of Chryso-
corys, and in the “ Pterophoride of California and Oregon ”’ (1880), I followed this
lead apparently somewhat on the principle of the jumping sheep, and others of the
flock have done likewise, but there can be no doubt that this genus should be in-
cluded in the Elachistide, in which it is scarcely an aberrant form.
Dr. Fernald is quite right in eliminating Lineodes, Gn. (= Scoptonoma, Z.),
from the Pterophoride ; Stenoptycha, Z.,a South American genus allied to Lineodes,
but differing im neuration, should also be excluded, and both should be referred in
the Pyraustide.
On pp. 4--5 we are told that Latreille in 1796 “separated hexadactyla from
the group, and established for it the genus Orneodes.” ‘This is hardly correct ;
“ Latreille, Prec. Gen. Ins., 148 (1796), created the genus Orneodes, omitting to cite
the type ; subsequently, however, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., III, 418 (1802): XIV, 258
(1805), this omission was remedied, and heradactyla, L. (F. Geoff., &c.), was cited
as the type” [Wlsm. and Drnt., Ent. Mo. Mag., XX XIIT, 41—2 (1897) ].
p. 5.—“ Samoulle” is a misprint for “Samouelle,’ and the published title of
Hiibner’s work is “ Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge (not “ Schmetterlinge ’’).
p- 6.—I am unable to find that Stephens “adopted the genus Agdistis, Hiib.,”
in his Catalogue (1829) ; indeed, he would have had no reason for doing so, as the
only British species, bennetii, Crt., was not described until 1833; but, according to
the “Illustrations” (IV, 370), he adopted Agdistes for bennetii in his “ Nomen-
clator ” (2nd edition), which was published in 1833. I have not been able to verify
this reference.
p. 7.—It is true that Vol. II, Part 2, of “ Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands ”’ is
dated on the title 1877, but Kirby, Zool. Record, XIII (1876), Ins., p. 187 (1878),
stated that it “ was published not later than November, 1876.”
p- 8.—The date of Hofmann’s “deutschen Pterophorinen” (not “ Pterophoriden’’)
is given as 1895. I have not yet been able to examine the original publication,
192 [August, 1898.
and the Zoological Record does not give the exact date. It could, however, hardly
have been published in 1895, for on the reverse of the last page is a reference to
“ Kneuckers Allgem. bot. Zeitschrift Jhrg., 1896, Ny. 3.”
A few notes upon the different species described may perhaps be useful,
although a critical review was scarcely intended when commencing this reference to
the work before me.
Trichoptilus ochrodactylus, Fish.
I have a specimen from Arizona, and it suggests a comparison with centetes,
Meyr. (? = oxydactylus, Wkr.), a species which occurs in the West Indies, and
which shows very slight variation throughout what appears to be a somewhat cos-
mopolitan range of distribution.
Trichoptilus lobidactylus, Fitch.
Fernald regards californicus, Wlsm.,asasynonym. I have the darker form
from Colorado, and in spite of the colour which makes them look very distinct (the
Californian series showing no dark varieties), I am not prepared to dispute his
opinion without further study. This species also runs very close to oxydactylus,
Wkr. (Ceylon).
Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, Fitch.
Fernald omits to recognise in this the genus Sphenarches, Meyr., to which it
undoubtedly belongs [vide Wl]sm., Pr. Z. Soc. Lond., 1897, 57].
Oxyptilus tenuidactylus, Fitch.
My suggestion that this is nigrociliatus, Z., is here confirmed, and it is recorded
that it feeds on blackberry.
Puaryprinta, Hb.
The author follows Meyrick and myself in uniting Platyptilia, Hb., and
Amblyptilia, Hb.
Platyptilia pica, W|sm.
This species also occurs in Vancouver, whence I have lately received it from
Dr. Fletcher.
Platyptilia acanthodactyla, Hb.
Fernald records a single specimen from New York. Intermediate varieties
between this and cosmodactyla, Hb., undoubtedly occur, and it is very hard to
separate these two species with any certainty in a long series of captured specimens
from various localities. Both forms seem to me to be included among my specimens
from California and Oregon, although Dr. Jordan, Hnt. Mo. Mag., XVIII, 117
(1881), confirmed my identification made at the time. The last word has not been
heard upon the subject, and it would not surprise me to find that at least three
distinct species are included in our American series ; I bred one of the many varieties
from Orthocarpus in Oregon.
Fernald’s figure of cosmodactyla (Pl. IX, 1) and Hofmann’s figure of acan-
thodactyla (Pl. III, 5) might well have been taken from the same species.
Platyptilia cardudactylus, Riley.
The author has here restored the original mongrel name which was corrected
by Zeller to cardui. Would he also justify the retention of millieridactylus, Bruand,
britanniodactylus, Gregs., and schmidtiiformis, Freyer ?
Ser ey, 1895
September, 1898 ] 193
This species should be very carefully compared with the European zetterstedtiz,
Z., which my specimen, Pl. J, 6 (Pter. Cal. and Or.), most strongly resembies. It is
possible that here again two species have been united under one name in the
American lists, but in any case cardui, Riley, is undoubtedly variable.
Platyptilia tesseradactyla, L.
I am unacquainted with any previous record of this species from America, but
am able to confirm its occurrence, having received several specimens from Loveland,
Colorado (W. G. Smith). Two specimens, collected by myself at Scott’s Valley
(Lake Co., California, 17—19, VI, 1871), were not included in my monograph, being
in poor condition, but the longer series now received enables me to identify and
record them.
Platyptilia orthocarpi, W\sm.
A specimen from Custer County, Colorado, sent by Professor Cockerell, might
easily be regarded as a variety of this species, but it differs slightly in the darker
ante-apical shade on the anterior lobe of the fore-wings, and in the greater obliquity
of the white transverse line which follows it. It was bred from Castilleia pallida
-+ acuminata, and probably represents a nearly allied species.
Platyptilia modesta, W1sm.
Alucita belfragei, Fish.
I can add Arizona to the localities for these species ; they were collected many
years ago by the late H. K. Morrison.
PreropHorvs, Geoffr. (Wlgrn.).
In this genus the difficulties are perhaps. greater than in others, many species
approaching the European forms so closely as to be doubtfully separable ; they are,
moreover, variable, and possibly polyphagous.
Pterophorus bipunctatus, Mschl.
Pterophorus bipunctatus, Mschl., Ab. Senck. Nat. Ges., XV, 346, 354 (1890) !1).
Alucita bipunctatus, W1sm., Pr. Z. Soc. Lond., 1891, 496, 542 (1892) (2). Lecoptilus
microdactylus, Hdm., Stett. Ent. Ztg., LVII, 9 (1896) (3). Pterophorus bipunctatus,
Wlsm., Pr. Z. Soc. Lond., 1897, 61, No. 15 (4).
Hab.: Unitep Srates—Florida (4); Wrst InpiES—Portorico, 1,2,4; St.
Croix, 4; St. Thomas, 3,4; Grenada, 4.
Fernald omits this West Indian species, which I recorded from Florida (Mor-
rison), J. c., No. 4.
Pterophorus homodactylus, W kr.
Fernald adds, “? Leioptilus hololeucos, Z.”
Zeller’s types are before me together with better specimens, also from Chile, in
all of these fowr spots can be distinguished on the anterior lobe (two costal, followed
by one dorsal and one apical), there are also two on the posterior lobe (one dorsal
and one apical) ; even in bred specimens of homodactylus, Wkr., there is no trace of
any similar pattern of spots on the first lobe. The two species are decidedly
distinct.
Pterophorus subochraceus, W\sm.
Fernald adds, “? Pterophorus lacteodactylus, Chamb.”
194 (September,
I have a specimen received some years ago from Mr. Fish, under the latter
name, which is certainly identical with subochraceus. This name would therefore be
entitled to take precedence if (as I have no reason to doubt) Fish was rightly ac-
quainted with Chambers’ species, but the name is incorrectly formed, and cannot be
emended to galactodactylus or to lacteipennis, as these names have already been
used. It would appear, therefore, that the name subochraceus should be retained.
Pterophorus sulphureodacfylus, Pack.
Here, I venture to think, the protest against a mongrel name formed in defiance
of a well-acknowledged rule of zoological nomenclature founded on orthography
should be sustained. The proper correction to thiododactylus cannot be made, for
Hiibner published a theiodactyla, and therefore (Pter. Cal. and Or., p. 49), I sug-
gested the substitution of sulphureus.
Pierophorus paleaceus, Z.
This species was recorded from Portorico by Méschler, Ab. Senck. Nat. Ges.,
XV, 346, 354 (1890), and included in my West Indian lists, Pr. Z. Soe. Lond., 1891,
495, 542 (1892): 1897, 60, No. 14. The synonymy = Leioptilus sericidactylus,
Mrtf., is undoubtedly correct, and was accidentally omitted from my papers.
Pterophorus agraphodactylus, W kr.
Fernald omits to mention the synonymy, = aspilodactylus, Wkr., under which
name the species was recorded from Jamaica by Butler, Pr. Z. Soe. Lond., 1878,
495, vide Wl1sm., Pr. Z. Soc. Lond., 1897, 61, No. 17.
Pterophorus parvus, W\sm.
I recorded this from Grenada, Pr. Z. Soc., Lona., 1897, 60, No. 10, and
the distribution of this, rather peculiar species may now be extended as follows :—-
Arizona (Morrison), Peru, Callao (J. J. Walker). Two specimens in the Zeller
collection (unnamed) were evidently collected by Petersen in Colombia.
Pterophorus cretidactylus, Fitch.
Here, again, the author omits to adopt the suggested correction of a mongrel
name [ gypsodactylus, Fitch, Wlsm. (emend), Pt. Cal. and Or., 35]. In the
“Canadian Entomologist”? [XXV, 96 (1893) ] Dr. Fernald pointed out that oecz-
dentalis, Wlsm., was a synonym of this species, and his description now published
tends to confirm this view, which cannot be well disputed since he has Fitch’s types.
T am under a strong impression that up to the date 1885 (or thereabouts, if not much
later), he shared the view of Zeller and myself, that the species afterwards described
as eupatorii, Fern., was the true cretidactylus, Fitch. I have again carefully studied
the original description, and the correction should be accepted.
In this genus there are several groups of recognised species, which run very
closely one with another, and where further study may reduce some of their number
to mere synonyms. ‘These are respectively as follows :—
rogenhofert, Mn.
grisescens, Wlsm.
lugubris, Fish.
lithodactylus, Tr.
: connecting links.
constanti, Rag.
1898. ] 195
eupatoriz, Kern.
guttatus, Wism.
mathewianus, Z.
eretidactylus, Fitch.
giganteus, Mn.
grandis, Fish.
baroni, Fish. ?
Pterophorus cineraceus, Fish.
Originally printed thus, but probably a mere printer’s error for “ einerascens.”
Pterophorus lugubris, Fish.
This should be carefully compared with the European rogenhoferi, Mn.,and the
same remark must also apply to grisescens, Wlsm., which Dr. Jordan professed him-
self unable to separate from it [Ent. Mo. Mag., XVIII, 118 (1881) ].
I reserve for the present any discussion of their possible identity, but would
add Arizona and Colorado to the localities for P. grisescens.
Pterophorus inquinatus, Z.
= Cdematophorus ambrosia, Mrtf.
The neuration of inquinatus, Z., is figured, Pl. III, 5—6, and the genitalia,
Pl. IV, 3—4, while the genitalia of ambrosie are figured, Pl. VI, 14—17. These
two sets of figures certainly do not belong to the same species, and an unfortunate
error, either of synonymy or of name, has been made, which doubtless Dr. Fernald
can easily explain.
Reference is omitted to Coquillett’s description of the larva of @dematophorus
inquinatus [ Papilio, II, 61—2 (1882)], and to the West Indian records of Hayti
and St. Thomas; Hedemann, Stett. Ent. Ztg., LVII, 9 (1896) ; Wlsm., Pr. Z. Soc.
Lond., 1897, 59, No.7. Fernald confirms me in sinking ambrosi@ as a synonym of
inquinatus.
Stenoptilia pumilio, Z.
This species also occurs in Jamaica, St. Croix, St. Vincent, and Grenada.
Stenoptilia (?) pumilio, Wlsm., Pr. Z. Soc. Lond., 1891, 495, 542 (1892).
Mimeseoptilus gilvidorsis (partim.), Hdm., Stett. Ent. Ztg., LVII, 8—9 (1896).
Stenoptilia (?) pumilio, Wism., Pr. Z. Soe. Lond., 1897, 58, No. 6.
Having ventured on so many friendly criticisms, the more pleasant
duty remains to record the strong sense of obligation which all
students of the Pterophoride must feel towards the author of this
most useful monograph. It represents the result, so far as it goes, of
an almost life-long study of this intricate subject, and Dr. Fernald
has been particularly fortunate in obtaining the types of both Fitch’s
and Fish’s species, thus giving to those who follow his descriptions
the utmost confidence in the conclusions at which he arrives. There
is little doubt that were he to publish all that he knows on the subject
he would be justified in adding further discoveries to the list of
R 2
196 (September,
species. We may fairly hope that at some future time he will feel
himself at liberty to do so, but his many duties in connection with the
work of the Massachussetts Agricultural College, where he holds a
high and distinguished position, must undoubtedly limit the time at
his disposal: indeed, it is difficult to understand how he has so sue-
cessfully completed his preparation of the numerous important papers
on various families of the Lepidoptera which from time to time have
issued from his pen. No one who is not well acquainted with the
enormous amount of labour involved in catalogue work can appreciate
the significance of ten pages of bibliographical references such as
lately accompanied his monograph of Porthetria dispar. We con-
gratulate him on his latest effort, and look forward with confidence to
further contributions.
Merton Hall, Thetford :
June, 1898.
GELECHIA CONFINIS, Stx., A NORTHERN FORM OF
G. SIMILIS, Sry.
BY EUSTACE R. BANKES, M.A., F.E.N.
The probable specific identity of Gelechia confinis with G. similis
occurred to me a few years ago, when comparing specimens of the
former, bred from tufts of moss collected on old walls at Perth, with
bred and caught examples of the latter from various English localities,
including Co. Durham, Wicken, Corfe Castle, &c., and after carefully
studying the question,I have no hesitation in saying that they are
forms of one and the same species, and that the synonymy should be:
GELECHIA SIMILIS, Stn., Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin., p. 115 (1854).
me “ » var. confinis, Stn., Ent. Ann.,1871, pp. 98-9.
G. similis is usually attributed to Douglas, but it should be
assigned to Stainton, whose description in I. B. Lep. Tin, p. 115
(1854), although headed “31. Similis, Dougl., n. sp.,” is the earliest
that was published. Through Mr. P. B. Mason’s kindness, I have
been able to examine in the Douglas collection the series of G. similis
from which Stainton’s original deseription, founded on specimens
taken by Douglas in July at Stoat’s Nest, Charlton, and Mickleham,
was presumably made: it consists of eight individuals, taken at these
localities, and all except the third, which is certainly G. senectella, Z.,
are similis, Stn., and specifically identical with the series of sémélis in
the Stainton British collection.
Gelechia confinis was brought forward as x. sp. by Stainton in
Ent. Ann., 1871, pp. 98-9, from specimens bred from moss collected
£898. } 197
on old walls near Perth: I imagine that his diagnosis was founded on
the examples which he says were bred by Mr. C. G. Barrett in June,
1870, for his own series only contains four specimens, of which one
is unlabelled, while the other three are labelled respectively, “ C. G. PR.
24/11/71,” “e. 1. 15/6/71. Moss. Perth. F. B. White,” and “e. |.
1/6/71. Moss. Perth. F. B. White,” and it seems certain that he
possessed none of these last three at the time when his paper was
written. He there differentiates it from affinis and wmbrosella, but
fails to notice its much closer relationship to similis, probably owing
to the fact that his series of this last, which is almost free from in-
terlopers, includes only caught specimens, which are much older and
browner: their history is unknown to me, for eleven are unlabelled,
while the remaining one is ticketed “1019,” but not in Stainton’s
writing, so that his notebooks afford no explanation of it. Southern
and eastern similis, bred from similar tufts of moss collected on old
walls and roofs, agree absolutely with specimens from the north of
England and Perthshire, except that they are on the whole not so
black, though fully as dark as some even of those bred from Perth:
it may, therefore, be as well to retain the name confinis for the
blackest form of the insect.
Owing to the difficulty of finding individual larve sparingly
scattered among masses of moss, I have been unable to compare to-
gether those of southern G. szmilis and northern var. confinis, so can
only say that they feed at the same time on similar mosses, and that
the moths emerge simultaneously.
Meyrick, HB. Br. Lep., 589 (1895), sinks confins as a dark
northern form of G. affinis, Dgl., but this is clearly erroneous, for the
former never shows the peculiar characteristics by which all the forms
of the latter may be readily recognised, and which include a pale
ochreous spot at the extreme base of the fore-wing, an additional
(i. e., a fourth) black spot which lies on the fold towards the base, the
presence of numerous pale ochreous scales scattered over the ground
colour, and of some longitudinal dashes of pale ochreous scales
following each of the three anterior black stigmata. <Affinis also has
all the pale scales and the pale fascia much more ochreous, and the
latter much more constant and more strongly pronounced than similes.
Although in I. B. Lep. Tin., p. 115 (1854), Stainton correctly
attributes G. affinis to Haworth, he says in Nat. Hist. Tin., ix, 158
(1865), “ The affinis of Haworth and Stephens can, of course, now
only be quoted as doubtful synonyms,” and in the synonymy ascribes
it to Douglas, notwithstanding that in the paper to which he (Stainton)
refers (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N.S8., i, 17 [1850]), Douglas particu-
198 {September,
larly says, “The Entomological Society has Haworth’s specimen,”
clearly implying that he knows affinis, Del., to be identical with
affinis, Haw. Meyrick also, HB. Br. Lep., 589 (1895), credits
Douglas with the species, but I have frequently examined Haworth’s
original type specimen, which bears his MS. label “ affinis,” and is
now in the British Museum collection, and it is without doubt the
same species referred to under that name by Douglas, Stainton (in
Nat. Hist. Tin.), and Meyrick. I do not know to what species
Stephens applied the name, but his collection contains a specimen of
affinis, Hw., bearing his MS. label “ Difinis”’ !
G. umbrosella was only added to the British List by Stainton in
1866 (Ent. Ann., 1866, pp. 170-1), so that the earlier British examples
of it were mixed up in collections with afinis and other allies, and
Stainton, in Nat. Hist. Tin, ix, 158, says that he himself described
umbrosella under the name afinis in Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin., p. 115
(1854). The Stainton British series of afinis consists of that species
alone except for one broken individual, which appears to be similis,
but the Douglas series is a mixture of affinis and umbrosella, all the
last six specimens being referable to the latter: in spite of this,
Douglas’ description (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., N.8.,1,17 (1850) was
clearly taken from affinis only, though I have no doubt that when
giving “the Chesil-bank, Weymouth,” as a locality for it, he was really
referring to wmbrosella, which swarms there. Douglas (J. c.) tells us,
without however stating upon what evidence Zeller’s remark was
based, that Zeller said of “this species” (¢. e., affinis, Hw., Degl.),
“certissime mea wmbrosella”’ (which we can well understand if the
last six* specimens in the Douglas series were submitted to him !),
but Stainton, in Nat. Hist. Tin., ix, 160 (1865), says, “The wmbrosella
described by Zeller in the ‘Isis’ of 1839 belongs to the sand-hill
species ; I saw the original specimens when at the meeting of natural-
ists at Stettin,”’ and his remarks there prove that by “the sand-hill
species”’ he meant the one clearly defined by him as wmbrosella in
Ent. Ann., 1866, pp. 169-170, which is now well known under that
name in Britain. It has the opposite marginal spots of the fore-wing
very large and very white as compared with similis and affinis, and
they rarely unite so as to form a fascia.
The Rectory, Corfe Castle :
June 29th, 1898.
* Owing to the mcthod of labelling and mounting employed by Mr. Douglas, it is a matter
of great risk and trouble to ascertain the data of any of the specimens: I, therefore, never
attempt it except in cases of considerable importance, so do not know the year of capture of
these wnbrosella.—H. R. B.
1898.] 199
DIANTH@CIA LUTEAGO, var. BARRETTIT, ann POLIA
XANTHOWUISTA IN CORNWALL.
BY ALFRED FICKLIN.
In the early summer of 1897 I was sketching in one of the many fishing coves
of the Land’s End District, when my interest was aroused on seeing the luxuriant
growth of the Silene maritima, which hung in masses of flowers from every crevice
in the rocky wall of the garden of my lodgings. As much time as can be spared
from Art I devote on these occasions to Entomology, and as dusk fell and the brush
was laid aside, the net was unfolded, and I stood, motionless and expectant, before
the breadth of blossom which exhaled its delicate perfume on the evening air. IL
took amongst many of the commoner species four specimens of a moth that was new
to me, and which proved, on being referred to Mr. Barrett, to be identical with the
Noctua which bears his name, but of a brown-grey form not previously observed in
this country.
Early in June of this year I again visited the locality, and although I worked
the flowers diligently every evening during my stay, I took but four worn specimens,
the first on June 10th (a week after my arrival), and the last on the 27th, this speci-
men being the most perfect of the four. All were taken between 10 and 11 p.m., at
which last hour I usually “turned in.” “ Early to bed and early to rise” being the
invariable custom of the fisher-folk of this district, I was unwilling to disturb the
household, or I might possibly, by working through the night, have taken more
specimens. D. conspersa was on the wing quite early enough in the evening for me
to observe the markings on its wings, but I never caught sight of D. Barrettit until
it was too dark to identify it without the use of the lantern. Of course, on this
wild coast, many nights, even in June, were unproductive, the high wind, which is
rarely still] in this rough quarter of the land, lashes the blossom to such an extent
that the eye can with difficulty follow the movements of any moth hurrying past or
entangled amongst the flowers. One’s patience is sorely tried also by the swarm of
P. gamma passing over the bloom from daylight until far into the night; the later
arrivals must in almost every instunce be taken, lest Barreétii should be amongst
them. It is, however, not necessary to bestow more than a glance at the long-legged
gamma scrambling up the net before freeing it, the rarer moth always hanging
motionless with folded wings. There is, to my mind, a fascination in standing before
a sheet of the starlike white blossom in the growing darkness, not knowing what the
next moment may reveal to one’s gaze, which all who have tried this mode of capture
will have felt ; but in dangerous localities I confess to a somewhat eerie sensation
when alone on the cliff side with the distant thunder of the surf beating in measured
cadences against the granite promontories of the Land’s End, and in calm weather
when the dreaded sea fog is rolling landwards, and the boom of the warning signal
from the “ Longships”’ heard at intervals adds to the mysterious noises of the night.
Before leaving the District in 1897 I gathered and took home with me a quantity
of Silene flowers in the hope of finding young larve in the capsules, and I was not
disappointed, for a number of young D. conspersa larve matured and became pupx
in due course. Moths began to emerge from these about the middle of last June,
and have continued to do so until a fortnight ago, the last emergence being on July
31st; a number of these pup# are still alive in the cage, and side by side with these
200 [September,
are pup of a new brood reared from larve taken in June this year. It would
appear, therefore, that this insect is somewhat erratic in its development, since a
dead specimen of conspersa was brought me by a village boy, who found it in his
father’s garden as early as the middle of May.
On June 24th, when driving the spike of my sketching umbrella deep into the
Armeria which carpets the slopes high up on the seaward face of the cliffs, I dis-
turbed a larva, which, from its glossy red-brown head and transparent green body
mingled with pale violet, I judged might be Polia xanthomista; it quickly strove to
re-enter the clump of thrift from which it had been driven, but I secured it, and
after feeding for a few days it pupated, without forming a cocoon, in a tuft of the
Armeria. To-day (August 14th) I have had the pleasure of seeing my expectations
realized, as a lovely specimen of P. xanthomista lies before me, slightly yellower in
appearance than the Isle of Man specimens.
The only other species taken by me at the flowers in June were Cucullia um-
bratica, and a few common species, such as Xylophasia polyodon and Agrotis
exclamationis, the latter was crawling, apparently stupefied, over the blossoms.
Newlyn, Norbiton :
August 14th, 1898.
A NEW SPECIES OF SPHANOGONA FROM JAMAICA.
BY PERCY I. LATHY.
SPH ®NoGoNA ADAMSI, sp. nov.
6. Fore-wings white, hind margin bordered with black. Costa black, with
four white elongated spots near apex. Marginal black border commences on costa
at termination of second subcostal nervule, runs parallel with hind margin as far as
Ist median nervule ; between 1st and 3rd median nervules the border is narrower,
below 8rd median nervule it widens and terminates on inner margin. Base yellowish
near costa, and biack near inner margin. Fringes short and blackish. Hind-wings
white, hind margin bordered with black, inner margin yellowish. A straight black
mark at base, commencing at subcostal nervure, crossing cell and following submedian
nervure for about one-third of its length. Marginal black border commencing at Ist
subcostal nervule, and terminating on hind margin just beyond 2nd median nervule ;
a very narrow yellow line beyond the marginal black border. Fringes yellowish.
Abdomen, thorax and palpi blackish. Antenne dark brown, indistinctly ringed
with paler.
Under-side. Fore-wings bright yellow. Costa alternately spotted with black
and white. A black spot at upper end of cell. A few minute black markings above
subcostal nervure, and reddish markings at apex, these being denser inwardly. Black
border of upper-side faintly showing through; inner margin below submedian
nervure shining white and devoid of scales. Hind-wings orange-yellow, profusely
speckled with reddish-purple. A minute black spot at upper end of cell. A small
reddish-purple blotch at termination of costal nervure. Abdomen white; palpi
bright yellow.
1898.] 201
9. Fore-wings white. Costa black, spotted with white. Apex black. Apical
black commences at termination of 2nd subcostal nervule, and runs in a slightly
indented curved line to hind margin, where it terminates on 3rd median nervule.
Hind-wings white, with very minute black spots at termination of nervules, slightly
yellowish at anal angle. Fringes yellowish.
Under-side of both wings as in male, but paler.
Hab.: Port Royal Mountains and Blue Mountains, Jamaica.
In Coll. H. J. Adams, ¢ 9. Nat. Hist. Mus., ¢.
in a series of six males and three females of this species the
males exhibited considerable variation in the width of the black mar-
ginal borders, two or three having these narrower than in the spe-
cimen described. In one example the border of the hind-wings is
very narrow, and only extends as far as the 2nd discoidal nervule,
and on both the 1st and 2nd median nervules is a black spot. The
females appear to be constant.
This does not appear to be a common insect. I first met with it
this year, early in March, at Cold Spring on the Port Royal Moun-
tains; I afterwards found it at Content and Guava Ridge on the Port
Royal Mountains, and at Cinchona, Resource and Berwick, on the
Blue Mountains. I never saw it on the plains, all that I captured
being taken at elevations of from 2500 to 5500 feet ; there is, however,
a specimen in the Nat. Hist. Mus. labelled “ Kingston, Jamaica.”
During the whole of March and April, when I was collecting on the
Port Royal and Blue Mountains, I only managed to get about a dozen
specimens; they are difficult to capture, vowing to the mountainous
nature of the country and their swift flight, not unlike that of a Oolias.
I have named this very distinct new species after Mr. Herbert J.
Adams, of Enfield, the well known collector of Exotic Lepidoptera.
Lynton Villa, Sydney Road, Enfield :
August, 1898.
SPRING BUTTERFLIES IN PROVENCE.
BY THE REV. H. C. LANG, M.D., &c.
Encouraged by the success of some of my friends in their
collecting at Digne, and having been posted up, as regards this locality,
by Mr. W. E. Nicholson, I determined to visit Provence early this
season, the Jthopalocera of the district being my chief object. Start-
ing from home on the 18th of April, I arrived at Digne on the 21st,
vid Paris, Lyons, and Grenoble, accompanied by my wife; leaving
behind an unusually dispiriting spring, we experienced the agreeable
sensations generally felt by travellers on finding themselves trans-
202 [September,
ported from the fag end of winter to delightful summer surroundings,
even though the weather in the south of France was not at first all
that could be desired; generally the mornings were fine with hot
sunshine, but about mid-day the clouds began to gather on the
mountains, and the afternoons were generally dull. Whenever the sun
shone there were butterflies in a profusion, such as one sees in the
most favoured parts of Switzerland. My collecting began on April
22nd. The commonest butterfly everywhere was Thecla rub, next to
that Lycena melanops, which also seemed universal. On the Col de
Notre Dame Papilio Machaon and Podalirius were in great abundance,
sometimes to be seen in flights of half a dozen or so. I noticed that
the two species seemed really to dwell apart, Machaon on the north
side of the hill, near the top, Podalirius on the south side; they
would, however, sometimes mingle in flight. Hrebsa epistygne was
common on the top of the hill until I left at the end of the month;
it is quite invisible unless the sun is shining brightly (1 have noticed
the same habit with several Hrebie in Switzerland, notably #. Pronoé).
It is not an easy insect to take, especially if there is any wind
blowing. We certainly missed more specimens than we caught.
During our stay at Digne till April 29th we saw very few
examples of Thais Medesicaste, though almost every locality in the
immediate neighbourhood was visited, I fancy that the steep cliff on
the right bank of the Bleoze is the best place; here I saw, but could
¢
not capture, the var. Honoratii, the “piece de résistance” of Digne.
I was told that very few have been taken there this year. The two
specimens I brought home were taken on the Col de Notre Dame.
Four specimens only of Lycena Sebrus fell to my lot, and two of
these were taken at rest on flowers in dull weather. hodocera
Cleopatra was fairly cominon; as to this I cannot agree that it is co-
specific with A. rhamni; both forms occur at Digne and are utterly
unlike in their habits and mode of flight in both sexes. Only a few
examples of Anthocharis Belia were taker, and but two of A.
euphenoides at this time. Most of the common European spring
butterflies were to be seen, including many specimens of Vanessa
Antiopa, but nothing special except Melitea Aurinia var. provincialis,
which was common everywhere.
On the 29th of April we left Digne for the Riviera, and during
our journey halted for a few minutes at Entrevaux. I should imagine
this to be a very good place for butterflies, though not an inviting
town to stay in. The day was hot and fine, and I observed several
Grapta Egea and one specimen of Apatura Clytie, which settled close
1898.] 208:
by me. This last is probably the var. Wetis referred to by Mr. Kane
(European Butt., p. 56) as occuring in S. France in May. I do not
think that this French form is anything more than an early brood of
Clytie, resembling the September brood found on the Italian lakes.
var. Metis, Fvv., figured by H.-S., is quite different, and is not found
further west than S.E. Russia. At our next stopping place, Mentone,
where I collected for a week, I was struck with the small number of
species of butterflies. Lycena melanops, Rhodocera Cleopatra, and
Pararge Egeria (the southern form), were common; Anthocharis Belia
and Lycena Orion not rare; but nothing else worth notice was found
except Syrichthus Sao. On May 7th we went to St. Martin Lantosque,
a small town in the Maritime Alps, situated at an elevation of 3000
feet, in the midst of beautiful alpine scenery, with extensive pine
forests and snowy mountain tops. The contrast between this place
and the summer vegetation and climate of the Littoral was very
striking ; indeed, at. first I thought it would be too cold to find any
butterflies; the sun, however, on fine days, had its usual southern
power, and there were a good many things about. It is, I should
think, a place well worth collecting in later in the year. (Papilio
Alexanor is common in July). Here I took Hrebia Evias in abun-
dance; also a form of Anthocharis Belia, which I must refer to the
var. semplonia. Leucophasia sinapis was common, but Duponcheli,
which occurs here, had not yet appeared. In the meadows and on
the slopes, near the town, I found Melitea Deione, Parthenia, didyma,
Phebe, and Cinzia; also, to my surprise, Parnassius Apollo as early
as May 9th. In the higher regions where the snow was yet thick on
the forest paths, in spite of the hot sun, there were no butterflies.
Descending once more to the coast to Nice, some collecting was
done in that district ; Melanargia Syllius was abundant, especially on
the Cornichi Road and at St. Jean. <Anthocharis euphenoides was
more frequently seen in this part than in any of the others visited.
On our return to Digne on the 19th of May, butterfly life was found
to be much more abundant than before, but only a few new species
were about. Lycena Cyllarus was abundant, and Hrebia epistygne
was replaced by HL. Evias; but what more pleased me was to find
LL. Duponcheli very common in places, and in perfect condition. I
also found Anthocharis Bellezina still good on the Col de Notre Dame,
and the splendid Polyommatus Gordius, which is much finer here
_ than in Switzerland. On May 22nd we left for home. Collecting
butterflies in Provence at the above early period of the year involves
J
204 {Septeniber,
constant diligence and hard work, but is well worth the trouble. The
number of species seen (that is verified) and taken amounted to 62.
I should recommend those who contemplate collecting Lepidoptera
in Provence to procure a copy of Donzel’s “ Notice Entomologique
sur les Environs de Digne,” Lyon, Dumvolan et Ronet, 1851.
All Saints’ Vicarage, Southend-on-Sea:
July 12th, 1898.
ECONOMY OF ZLAVERNA VINOLENTELLA, H.-S.
BY CHAS. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.
In the middle of June last I received from Mr. W. Drury a
number of shoots of apple, distorted by the presence of some internal
feeder. In sending them he remarked, “ Generally blossoms on spurs
are the parts selected ; the flower shrivels, and the larva makes its way
down the flower stalk into the spur itself, where it mines through the
centre pith down to the main branch, in some cases for an inch or two
in length. The wood then swells and throws out excrescences.” These
larvee when received were very nearly full-fed; they had apparently
also mined under the bark of the spurs, devouring the alburnum, and
this appeared more especially to have caused the swelling, some of the
spurs being thus quite roughened and disfigured.
The larva is rather sluggish, moderately stout, and very even in
thickness throughout, yet the segments rather deeply divided ; head
decidedly smaller, shining umbreous; dorsal plate similar, but paler
and divided in the middle; anal plate, and a slender transverse bar
placed behind it, darker umbreous; general colour dull yellowish-
white, with a faint pink tinge over the dorsal region; legs dark um-
breous ; prolegs ten in number, of the colour of the body.
When full-fed it leaves the mine to spin up in a corner of a dead
leaf or any suitable substance, but probably upon the ground, since it
appears to have but little hold upon the twig in which it had fed.
The moths emerged in July, of the usual deep black, and with the
two buttons of raised scales on the fore-wings most conspicuous,
indeed, I know of no species in which the raised tufts are proportion-
ately so large. It must be plentiful in some districts, yet is not very
commonly captured, indeed, so casually, that it was long looked upon
as a melanie variety of Z. atra, Haw., Hellerella, Dup. From obser-
vation of these reared specimens, I think that it, very soon after
emerging, flies to the tops of the trees and there remains, resting upon
the twigs.
39, Linden Grove, Nunhead :
August 12th, 1898.
1898.] 205
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF ARISTOTELIA LUCIDELLA, 81ru.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.
Long and slender, when young (Jong., 4 mm.) very pale bone-ochreous, with a
smail round black head ; prothoracice and anal plates concolorous with the body.
The more mature larva (Jong., 8 mm.) assumes a more greenish-grey tinge,
being a little darker than in the earlier stage. Head black; prothoracic plate not
visibly divided, convex posteriorly, of a brownish olive-grey colour, anal plate
slightly darker; the usual spots indicated by minute blackish dots; the sides and
under-side of the larva perceptibly paler than the dorsum, which retains a slight
ochreous tinge; thoracic legs banded with greyish, abdominal and anal legs con-
colorous with the under-side of the body. The larva has a tendency to become
paler when full grown.
Mining in the centre of the stems of Scirpus lacustris, commencing
near the top and descending before maturity usually below the level
of the water; it does not, however, enter the root, and eventually
pupates head upwards a little above the level of the surface of the
water.
The stems affected are not difficult to observe through the yel-
lowish discolouration which takes place, and through their failure to
reach the same height as the surrounding growth, but one must be
prepared to wade in order to obtain a supply.
The species is very abundant where it occurs, and the larve are
to be met with in various stages of growth from the middle of May
until the time of the appearance of the perfect insect, and even after.
A few specimens are on the wing at the end of June and the begin-
ning of July.
Merton Hall, Thetford :
June, 1898.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGEMENTS (PLATE YV).
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.
I was very pleased to read Mr. Strickland’s paper on photo-
graphing insects, being an old hand at that amusement. I say
amusement for two reasons, the first is that a professional will not
undertake the work, and the second that it must be for recreation to
the naturalist to try to overcome the great difficulty there always will
be in enlarging direct from the subject; the reason for this being that
all lenses have a focal point, and will not allow for depth, or in other
words, one part of the subject will be in focus and the remainder out
of focus; the figure of the beetle is a beautiful photographic
production, but utterly useless to any person wishing or trying to
206 (September,
identify the species by it. I think it must be over 20 years since I
discarded this same ingenious arrangement ; my photographie friends
were so taken up with the novelty that they photographed it and sent
it to one of the Photographic Annuals, where it was reproduced.
Photography can assist the Entomologist very materially, the
object must, however, be mounted flat, z.e., as a microscopic object
would be; and from many years’ experience I find that transmitted
light will give the best results.
The photographs illustrating this paper were taken since reading
Mr. Strickland’s paper, anfe p. 103, on imperial plates, with six minutes’
exposure, and developed with Glycin-Hauff. The light was obtained
from a small Argand lamp burning petroleum oil The lens, a two-
inch microscopic. The small one is natural size, the negative made
by contact, object placed direct on the plate.* This, I believe, would
be found of great value in illustrating a work when placed by the -
side of the enlarged wing; figures with the length shown merely by
the usual line will not give so good an idea as to the natural size of
the wing as the above method, exception, however, must be made
when they are too small for reproduction by the printing press.
Figures of moths and butterflies, if with distinct markings and not
enlarged, can be photographed direct with some degree of success.
Photography is rather expensive as an amusement to a person of
limited means, and it may be interesting to some to know how I
modify my expenditure on plates. The small wing is printed from a
small negative, the size of which is 1 inch x 13. If I am going to
do, say half a dozen, photographs, I first take into consideration the
size I wish to make them, and cut the plates of whatever size I have.
on hand to the size required, so as to allow only a small margin; for
instance, I have photographed the wings of about 100 species of the
Tipulide, and these are all magnified to a uniform size, viz., 2¢ inches
in length, consequently a half-plate will cut into six for that purpose, ~
3+ x 14, and each of these I again cut into three for the small
negatives previously mentioned.
I make carriers out of thick cardboard according to the size
required.
Before I commence cutting the plates I make a gauge, and to do
this I obtain a piece of flat board about eight inches square; on one
edge of this I nail a piece of wood about half an inch wide and a quarter
of an inch thick; this is for the glass to rest its back edge against. I
* The wing mounted as a microscopic object.
1898.] 207
then get another piece the width of the glass required (allowing for
the cut of the diamond), put this on the glass, bringing both edges to
rest against the piece nailed on; with this little contrivance you can
cut up your plates in your dark room with a certainty that they are
the correct size. If you have any doubt about the size, you can
practise in the daylight with a waste plate.
Stonehouse:
August 15th, 1898.
CRYPTOHYPNUS MERIDIONALIS, Lav., AN ADDITION TO THE
BRITISH LIST OF HZLATERIDE.
BY PHILIP B. MASON, M.RB.C.S., F.1.S.
In the collection of the late Rev. A. Matthews there is a specimen
of Cryptohypnus meridionalis, Lap. This is black, with the thorax
uniformly rugose, and is easily distinguished from OC. dermestoides
Herbst, by its dark antenne and legs, the trochanters and apices of
the tibize only being reddish. It is labelled as having been taken at
Pegwell Bay.
Burton-on-Trent : August 4th, 1898.
[The recorded localities for this species are Austria, Switzerland,
Lombardy, Piedmont, and Southern France. I have taken it in the
interior of Corsica, from beneath stones, on the sandy banks of the
River Tavignano. C. meridionalis is hardly likely to prove indigenous
in Britain, and the only fear is that Mr. Matthews’ specimen may
have been an accidental introduction. The insect is apparently not
known from Northern France or Germany.—G. C. C.].
Coleoptera at Porlock.—During a fortnight spent at Porlock in the early part
of May I did a little collecting; but the weather was not very favourable, and
beetles were far from plentiful. My best captures were seven examples of Ischnodes
sanguinicollis from a decaying ash stump, the interior of which was overgrown with
black fungus, and twelve of Platyrrhinus latirostris, from hard black fungi on the
stem of a dead but standing ash. In company with the latter (which is not so easy
to see as its great size would lead one to expect) were Mycetophagus atomarius (6),
Diphyllus lunatus (25), and three species of Cis. Dianous cerulescens was common
in the long moss bordering on the waterfalls; but I only got a singie Quedius
auricomus. . riparius I could not find at all, though I looked for it long and
carefully.—TuropoRE Woop, 157, Trinity Road, Upper Tooting, S.W.: July
25th, 1898.
208 [September,
Lathridius filiformis, Gyll., at Upper Tooting.--1 have recently taken four
examples of this rare little beetle in a corner of my dressing room, where they
appeared to be feeding upon mould growing on the wall. Lyctus brunneus, which
I recorded as taken from a drawing room table at Wandsworth two years ago, has
been more plentiful this year, and I have been successful in securing about twenty-
five specimens.—ID.
Coleoptera, &c., in the Blean Woods, Kent.—Some half-dozen visits to the Blean
Woods this summer have served to confirm and enhance the very high opinion which
I had formed respecting this beautiful and extensive tract of Kentish woodland as a
resort for the Entomologist. Between May 18th and July 21st the following species
of Coleoptera were met with by me, among very many others of less interest.
General sweeping and beating produced Homalota scapularis, Syntomium eneum
(also in faggots), Colon serripes (1), Coccinella distincta (much scarcer, but appa-
rently more widely distributed than it was last year), Platynaspis luteorubra, Triplax
Lacordairei, one example brushed out of a small birch bush, July 6th (I have taken
this species under similar conditions this summer at its old locality, Darenth Wood.
Thalycra sericea, two specimens in one sweep, July 6th); Antherophagus pallens
and nigricornis, Cryptophagus setulosus and pubescens. Microrrhagus pygmeus,
about a dozen specimens, mostly ¢ , by sweeping grass and bracken under oak trees ;
this insect appears to be generally but sparingly distributed throughout the woods.
Throscus obtusus, in profusion, and accompanied by Apion pomone in equal plenty,
by sweeping under an old hedge ona cold damp evening in May. Agrilus laticornis,
Rhagonycha translucida (not rare), Ochina hedere, Ernobius mollis, Liopus nebu-
Zosus (common) ; Strangalia 4-fasciata, on bracken, and flying, July 21st; Crypto-
cephalus fulcratus and lineola, sparingly, on birch. Mordella aculeata, four taken
on June 23rd and one on July 6th, on flowers of dog-rose and Huphorbia amygda-
Zoides, all in the same very limited space where I found it last year. MJordellistena
parvula (large form) and pumila, not uncommon. Rhynchites eneovirens, in great
profusion on young oaks in May, with Celiodes ruber, Balaninus villosus, &c.
Apion Hookeri and ebeninum, Strophosomus retusus, Tanymecus palliatus, Antho-
nomus ulmi, Celiodes exiguus, Rhinoncus denticollis, Ceuthorrhynchus cochlearie
and melanarius; Xyleborus Saxeseni, in numbers by sweeping under oaks on
July 6th.
By persistent working at the young aspens I obtained a good series of Rhytido-
somus globulus, and from the same tree came Zeugophora subspinosa in plenty,
Gonioctena rufipes, Polydrusus flavipes (sparingly), Dorytomus costirostris and
tortrix, &e.
Faggots, chiefly of birch and hazel, produced Myrmedonia humeralis, Conosoma
immaculatum (common), Quedius lateralis and peltatus, Bythinus puncticollis, Lep-
tinus testaceus (1), Choleva nigricans, Agathidium varians and rotundatum, Amphi-
eyllis globus, Epurea parvula, Coniopora orbiculata, Tetratoma ancora, Rhinosimus
ruficollis (common), Trachodes hispidus, common and fine, and Hxomias pellucidus ;
the latter species was subsequently found in plenty, trapped in the rain water in
wheel ruts, but by no means improved in condition thereby.
Beating dead sticks in hedges yielded Hedobia imperialis, Cis alni and festivus,
Callidium alni, Brachytarsus fasciatus, Acalles misellus and ptinoides, and two
examples of a small Anthonomus, apparently to be referred to rosine, Des Gozis.
1898.] 309
I confined my attention to one only of the very numerous nests of Formica
rufa, and obtained from it Thiasophila angulata (abundant), Dinarda Markelz,
Homalota flavipes and anceps, Quedius brevis, Xantholinus atratus, Leptacinus for-
micetorum, Dendrophilus pygmeus, Myrmetes piceus, Monotoma conicicollis (abun-
dant) and formicetorum, and one specimen of Eutheia plicata, which last I had the
misfortune to lose.
In view of the scarcity of late years of Melitea Athalia in the home counties, I
was greatly pleased to meet with it on July 6th in tolerable plenty and fine con-
dition ; the last occasion on which it was seen alive by me in England being fully a
quarter of a century ago, in its long lost locality at Chattenden. On July 21st I saw,
but failed to secure, a beautiful fresh specimen of Argynnis Paphia, var. Valezina.—
JAMES J. WALKER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness: August 11th, 1898.
Re-occurrence of Pionosomus varius, Wolff, at Deal.—On Saturday last,
August 13th, I had the good fortune to take three specimens of this apparently very
rare little bug under Hrodium cicutarium growing on the top of a high sand-hill
close to the Coast Guard Station between Deal and Sandwich, and about half a mile
from the spot where the species was met with some years ago by Mr. A. Piffard (cf.
Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol. i, p. 221). Pionosomus is an exceedingly active little
creature, and its rapid mevements and bright markings render it much more con-
spicuous than would be imagined from its very small size.—Ip.: August 15th, 1898.
Metatropis rufescens, H.-S., Se., at Woking.—i beat a fully mature specimen
of this rare bug from hawthorn blossom in a wood near here on May 30th. It seems
to have been recorded from very few British localities. Mr. Moncreaff once found
it upon Cireea lutetiana at Portsmouth.* Triarthron Mérkeli was taken on the
wing on the edge of a pine wood on the evening of June 5th. This is the first
specimen { have met with for some years, the old locality being now built upon. The
date was an earlier one than usual. On May 22nd Mr. J.J. Walker caught an
example of Deleaster dichrous flying along the road just before dark, Woking being
a fresh locality for it. Bledius fracticornis was not uncommon here in May, flying
at about sunset. Yesterday evening 1 captured a specimen of Anisorya fuscula with
my hat, just before sunset—G. C. Cuampion, Horsell, Woking: August 15th, 1898.
Hemiptera in the Channel Istands.—In August, 1891, in the course of a short
visit to the Channel Islands, I met with the following species of Hemiptera-
Heteroptera. Guernsey—Geotomus punctulatus, Costa, at a sandy spot north of
L’ Erée Hotel, and near Fort L’Angle; Syromastes marginatus, various localities ;
Alydus calcaratus, L., on furze (Ulex europaeus), S.E. face of the cliff, Jerbourg ;
Trapezonotus Ullrichit, Fieb., Jerbourg ; Beosus luscus, Fab., Jerbourg ; Metacan-
thus punctipes, Germ., Cobo; Aphanus Rolandri, L, Cobo, in a sandy spot;
Dictyonota crassicornis, Fall., Ancresse, near Fort L’Angle. Alderney—Emblethis
verbasct, Fab., four examples, Braye Harbour; Heterogaster urtice, Fab.; Henes-
taris laticeps, Curt.; Drymus pilicornis, Muls. Sark—Lygeosoma punctato-guttata,
* Ent. Mo, Mag., viii, p. 136.
S
210 (September,
out of a patch of “wall pepper” (Sedum acre), on top of a stone fence, 200 yards
S. of Dixcart Hotel; Orthotylus concolor, Kb.—JAMus Harpiey Mason, Norfolk
House, Monk’s Road, Lincoln: June 20th, 1898.
Gerris najas, DeG., in the north.—In a small stream in the parish of North
Hykeham, Lincolnshire, I came across, on the 6th inst.,a pair of Gerris najas, DeG.,
in cop. This seems to have been taken in extreme southern counties only up to
now.—Ip.
Correction respecting Ornix fagivora—On p. 151, line 9 from the bottom, of
this vol., “differ” should read “ differs,” and refers not to the larva itself but to its
way of constructing its domicile. In Stainton’s “ Nat. Hist. of the Tinema,” vol.
viii, pl. 3, the larva is represented to the best of my recollection as living in a rolled
leaf of beech, those I found here had folded back the edge of the leaf so that the
turned down portion remained almost flat and fitted closely to the under surface of
the leaf ; owing to this the domiciles were very inconspicuous and difficult to detect.
A larva which I placed on a seedling beech growing in a flowerpot erept on to the
upper surface of a leaf to pupate and turned up a little corner of the leaf to con-
struct its cocoon in; acting on this hint I searched the bushes where I had found
my larva and got two cocoons spun up in the same fashion near empty domiciles,
but I cannot say whether this is their usual way of pupating—C. R. Dicpy,
Sonning: August, 1898.
[Mr. Stainton says that the leaf has ‘‘a piece of the edge turned down and
fastened to the under surface ;”’ but the figure referred to seems to convey the idea
of a rolled leaf.—Eps. }
Psithyrus rupestris, f., var. arenaria, Panz., at Brighton.—Mr. Alfred Brazenor,
of 39, Lewes Road, Brighton, has sent for my examination a 9 of the above named
variety taken on the downs near Brighton. As it is, I believe, of considerable
rarity in this country, I think it may be worth recording. F. Smith, in his British
Hymenoptera, 2nd ed., p. 221, says that the late Mr. Wing had a specimen, and
that Mr. Bridgman, of Norwich, had taken specimens near that city. It would be
interesting to ascertain whether the Bombus lapidarius with which these varieties
of P. rupestris associate show any tendency towards a similar coloration of the pro-
notal hairs—the variety of /epidarius (¥ and §) with the pronotal hairs pale being
as rare or rarer in this country than the var. arenaria of rupestris.——HDWARD
Saunpers, St. Ann’s, Woking: August, 1898.
Crabro gonager, &c., at Putney.—I had the opportunity this August of searching
for insects in the wood of an Acacia I had cut down in my garden. I found in
burrows in the wood Pemphredon lugubris, Crabro leucostomus (abundantly) ; besides
one g and one 2 of Crabro gonager, their burrows were stocked with a small green
Aphis. There were a great many holes of Anobium in one part of the tree, and in
two of these I found the male of Stigmus Solskyi; here again there were the
remains of small green Aphides at the bottom of the burrow.—HaRoLD SWALE,
Meadowside, Putney: August 15th, 1898.
1898. ] 211
Andrena proxima at Osmington.—While at Osmington, near Weymouth, this
July I was struck by the fuss and flurry a rather small dark Andrena was making
over pollen gathering. She hummed like a hive bee, and tore the florets of an
umbelliferous plant in the hedge. On examining the capture I found it to be Andrena
proxima, which Mr. Saunders tells me is worth recording.—Ib.
Vespa austriaca, Panz., inquiline in the nest of Vespa rufa, L.—A most inter-
esting article on the above wasp by Mr. Charles Robson, of Newcastle-on-Tyne,
appeared in the August number of “Science Gossip,” vol. v, pp. 69—73. Although
Vespa austriaca has long been suspected of inquiline habits, no actual proof of this
has been produced so far as I know until now, when its presence in a nest of V. rufa
has been satisfactorily discovered.
Mr. Robson having lately turned his attention to the subject of austriaca,
brought out for examination a nest of Vespa rufa which he had taken in 1887, and
in the cells of this he succeeded in finding perfect females and males of austriaca,
and has thus proved beyond doubt that it is the inquiline of V. rufa. His own
account should be read, as he goes into careful detail as to the position of the cells
in the nest, &c., which contained the rarity. Some of the specimens he found were
practically ready to emerge; the subdentate clypeus, the yellow scape of the antenne,
the long 1st abdominal segment, and the hairy tibie, were all clearly observable.
This is one of the most important recent discoveries among the Aculeate Hymen-
optera, and its author may well be complimented on it. Hymenopterists who want
to secure specimens of austriaca should evidently search for them in the neighbour-
hood of nests of rufa. Now is the time for capturing g wasps, and should be made
use of in neighbourhoods where rufa abounds to search for the much wanted ¢ of the
rarity.— EDWABD SAUNDERS, St. Ann’s, Woking: August 9th, 1898.
Rare Aculeate Hymenoptera taken on the Kent Coast this year.—So far the
summer of 1898 has been an unusually cold and sunless one in Hast Kent, still I
have taken several good things, of which the following are additions to my local list.
Uutilla rufipes, Ltr.— g§ Kingsdown.
Uyrmosa melanocephala, Fab.— g Kingsdown, St. Margaret’s Bay.
Tiphia miuuta, V. d. L.—At Ripple, in some numbers on a particular patch of
parsley bloom in the beginning of July. One ? taken had only one submarginal
cell in one of the wings, the first submarginal nervure being absent. A ? of 7.
femorata, taken on August 9th at St. Margaret’s Bay, had both the first and second
submarginal cells absent in both wings.
Astatus stigma, Panz., occurred plentifully in a certain spot on the sandhills to
the east of Rye Harbour, near the coastguard station, July 14th. Alsoa g, Deal
Sandhills, July 26th.
Tachytes unicolor, Panz.— g Deal Sandhills, June 21st.
Spilomena troglodytes, V. d. L.—St. Margaret’s Bay.
Gorytes tumidus, Panz.—Common at Kingsdown and St. Margaret’s Bay.
Nysson dimidiatus, Jur.—Also common at Kingsdown and St. Margaret’s Bay.
Odynerus melanocephalus, Gmel.—Common between Deal and Dover, extending
' some way inland.
8 2
212 (September,
Prosopis eornuta, Smith.—I took three $ of this very rare and singular bee,
by sweeping in a strip of weeds (in which wild carrot predominated), between
Walmer and Kingsdown, in the latter part of July and August Ist. P. dilatata,
Kirb.—Two @ of this scarce species turned up in my net in the same spot as the
above, and under similar conditions.
Sphecodes spinulosus, v. Hag.—Both sexes of this rare and distinct species
appeared quite unexpectedly in the beginning of June, at St. Margaret’s Bay. This
seems to be the first occasion on which the male of this species has been taken so
early in the year in this country. I could not, however, find any males of H.
xanthopus out at the same time, they did not appear the autumn before until very
late (Sept. 13th to 20th). The only other British Sphecodes having a spring male
is S. rubicundus. It is parasitic on an Andrena, and this fact would account for the
unusual time of appearance in its case.
Nomada lineola, Panz.—One , Betteshanger, near Deal, May 25th. WN. flavo-
guttata. Kirb.—One ¢, Betteshanger, April 23rd.
Podalirius retusus, Linn.—A large colony of this species was found nesting in
a bank at Betteshanger, where I took both sexes in excellent condition.
Osmia bicolor, Schrk.—Two ¢, St. Margaret’s Bay, on Lotus corniculatus.
O. aurulenta, in many places the commoner species of the two, is abundant all along
the coast, but these are the only captures of O. bicolor I have made in the district.
The following notes may also be of interest. My capture of a $ of Pompilus
(Aporus) unicolor at the foot of the cliff at St. Margaret’s Bay was recorded in
Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxiv, page 20. The species is very rare in this country,
only one or two isolated specimens having been taken over a long period of years.
To-day (Aug. 11th), however, I found it to be quite the representative of its family
all along the sea front, where I took no less than twelve ¢ and three ?, mostly on
wild carrot, besides several ¢ which escaped through the meshes of my net. The
68 varied in length from 5 to 9 mm.
The other rarities I recorded from St. Margaret’s Bay last year (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. Xxxiii, page 229), have occurred again this year at their respective habitats.
The much-prized Andrena Hattorfiana was less rare at its well-known habitat
between Walmer and Kingsdown than I have previously known it to be, and I
secured some really good specimens of the g¢ through visiting the spot, I believe,
exactly at the right time, 7. e., when the Knautia was just commencing to come out.
The males are difficult to see and catch, as they seldom settle and “go to sleep”’
like the 9s on the flower heads, their plan being to dart from flower to flower
searching for their mates thus engaged. By taking up my position near a con-
spicuous fully-opened flower while the latter were still scarce, I did not have to wait
long before a g came up, and then with a quick stroke of the net I was generally
able to secure him. By this means I took about a dozen splendid specimens in one
morning. Three days afterwards, however, the same plan did not produce a single
specimen good enough to keep.
I observed Anthidium manicatum busy gathering the down from off the flower
stalks of Achillea millefolium at Kingsdown. I have seen it similarly employed on
Stachys sylvatica, but not on this plant before. Another female of this species
which had evidently made its nest in a hole between two bricks in our garden wall
at Ripple, I noticed filling up the crevice with lumps of dry earth which she picked
1898.] 213
up from the ground below. She worked rapidly, taking about half-a-minute over
each pellet.—F. W. L. Suapen, Ripple Court, Ringwould, Dover: Aug. 11th, 1898.
[Sphecodes spinulosus is quoted by Perez in his “Catalogue des Melliféres de
Sud Ouest,” as having a spring male—“ g printanier,” and of Halictus xanthopus
he remarks, “le g quelquefois, hiverne comme la 9 ,” possibly with us both sexes
of the Sphecodes hibernate. If this be so it looks as if the g of the inquiline had
learnt how to prolong its life by hibernation before its host.— ES. ]
Sirices in Suffolk.*—Until the present year the destructive Sirex gigas appears
to have been rare in the county, the only specimens recorded (“ Ent. Weekly Int.”
[vol. ix]), being those taken by Mr. Richard Tyrer at Eye, in September, 1860 ;
and many years ago at Great Glenham by Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. This year,
however, there appears to be an influx, since specimens have been noted at Orford,
Bury St. Edmund’s, Eye (1883 and 1893), Bungay, Lowestoft, Ipswich, and Sud-
bury. I have been attempting to ascertain what proportion of these are indigenous
and those occurring at Bury (Tostock) and Orford (Gedgrave) are put beyond all
doubt by the larval borings being in the former case so numerous as to render the
spruce-firs incapable of resisting a gale, and in the latter the larches, felled five years
ago for firing, are full of the larve in all stages of growth. Those from Glenham
are said to be indigenous, but the examples from the five last mentioned localities
have probably been for the most part imported from Germany, Austria, &c., since
only single specimens have been found at different times. As regards S. juvencus,
the only records, as far as I am aware, are from Mr. W. H. Tuck, who now and then
takes it at Tostock, from timber felled for firing in the immediate neighbourhood.
—C3aupE Mortey, Ipswich: July, 1898.
P.S.—Since the above was written S. gigas has turned up in many more locali-
ties, and although such a thing is, I believe, not recognised, one may call the present
a “gigas year,” at all events as far as Suffolk is concerned. The Rev. Foster Melliar
has seen one or two on palings at Botesdale, and Mr. Duncan Parker has found it at
Rattlesden and Clapton. Single specimens have also occurred at Woolpit, Alde-
burgh and Bentley. Mr. Bloomfield further informs me that he remembers
noticing S. juvencus at Great Glenham, but this appears to have been very rarely
seen with us.—C. M., August.
Aculeate Hymenoptera at Littlehampton.—1 spent four weeks this summer at
Littlehampton, from June 7th to July 5th, and hoped to have been able to record a
fair number of good captures, but I regret to say the result of my collecting was on
the whole distinctly disappointing. Only two really rare species turned up. One,
Astatus stigma in some numbers and in both sexes, the males being decidedly more
numerous than the females. They occurred on the sandy tract of coast across the
Ferry, apparently preferring the ground on the immediate north of the sand hills,
between them and the gravel pits; there they delighted to sit and bask on the sand,
and the males could be easily detected by the ivory-white spot on the face, which
was distinctly visible even at some distance. A small fly with a silvery face and
dusky wings was abundant over the same ground, flying and moving almost exactly
* Vide ‘Bast Anglian Daily Times,” July 12th, 16th, and 19th, &c., 1898.
2 14 (September,
in the same style as the Astatus, and often deceiving one for the moment as to its
identity. Mr. Bloomfield, who sent a specimen to Dr. Meade for examination, tells
me that it is Scopolia carbonaria, Pz.
I watched very carefully to try and discover what the prey of Astatus stigma
might be, but I could not catch one either carrying off anything or in the act of
seizing it. There were larvee of Trapezonotus agrestis, Plinthisus brevipennis, and
Nysius thymi, any of which Hemiptera would probably have been suitable to its
wants, but they are all members of the family Lyg@ide, whereas Astata boops
always selects larvee of Pentatomide, and it would have been interesting to have
found out if these allied species differed in the style of food they provided for
their young. I learn from Mr. F. W. L. Sladen that he has also been taking A.
stigma, so that this year seems to have been favourable to it. The only other
fossorials I found on the sand hills were the two species of Tachytes, Pompilus
plumbeus rarely!, P. gibbus 9 2!, and Diodontus minutus. This seems to me an ex-
traordinarily poor record. The locality appears to be a perfect one for Hymenoptera,
and although June and early July is not the best season for Fossors, still six species
only, ought to make any respectable locality blush!
The other rarity I found was Sphecodes rubicundus (g and ?) flying about,
and on one occasion entering, the burrows of Andrena labialis, which bee simply
swarmed along the low cliffy banks of the shore to the east beyond Rustington.
Mr. Sladen, in this Magazine (vol. xxiii, p. 256), records its capture in a bank at
Ringwould, near Devon, in company with Eucera, Andrena labialis and nigroenea.
The banks in which I took it were also tenanted by Hucera and A. nigroenea, but
Andrena labialis was present in the proportion of at least 200 to 1 of either of
these, in fact, the Sphecodes itself was more abundant than either the Hucera
or the A. nigroenea, so that I think it may be taken for granted that labialis
is its host, even if it occasionally visits the others. On rather a higher piece of the
bank nearer Littlehampton Hucera was fairly abundant, but there I found only
Sphecodes gibbus and pilifrons, these no doubt associating with their usual hosts,
Halictus rubieundus and leucozonius, both of which were nesting on the same spot.
—Epwarp Saunpers, St. Ann’s, Woking: August 2nd, 1891.
Obituary.
John Van Voorst, F.L.8., §ce.—As announced on the cover of our last No. Mr.
Van Voorst, the publisher of this Magazine from its commencement in 1864 down
to his retirement in 1886, died at his residence in Queen’s Road, Clapham Park, on
July 24th, at the patriarchal age of 94, from simple decay of nature. He had
practically been confined to bed for several months, but his intellect remained clear
almost to the last moment. He was the last male descendant of a Dutch family
that had been settled in England for many generations; being unmarried, the family
name is now extinct. He was born on February 15th, 1804, and early in life was
apprenticed to a bookseller at Wakefield, and was afterwards for some years in the
great publishing house of Longmans and Co.; establishing himself at No. 1, Pater-
noster Row in 1833. He commenced by associating the highest class of wood
engraving with literary works, and later on with those on Natural History and other
branches of science. As examples of the success of this we need only allude to Yarrell’s
1898. | 215
Birds and Fishes and Bell’s Quadrupeds. These, and many others, were his own
yentures, but later his business aid as publisher was sought in many directions,
and the list of authors of entomological works who were proud to see his name on
their title pages is too long for reproduction. Almost all his own ventures were
eminently successful from a financial point of view, for he was a keen man of
business and strictly honourable. Possibly his worst speculation was the ‘“ Zoolo-
gical Record,’ which, in face of heavy losses, he continued for a good many years,
until means were found for carrying it on by extraneous help. For this the
zoological world owes him a deep debt of gratitude. The little room on the first
floor in the old house at Paternoster Row became the scene of many pleasant little
réunions of scientific and literary men, its condition being sometimes similar to that
of a third class railway compartment at holiday times. He liked to have his friends
about him, and was always entertaining and chatty, with a fund of dry humour.
Almost to the last he had one or two social gatherings every autumn at his house in
Clapham Park, which were always most enjoyable. In 1886 he gave up his business
to Messrs. Gurney and Jackson, who had been in his service from boyhood; and not
long after the old house was pulled down and a more commodious one erected in its
stead. To the many the name of Van Voorst was only that of a well known pub-
lisher; to a smaller number it was associated with one of the sharpest men of
business that probably ever existed, ever ready to give his advice, and not infrequently
more substantial help to those deserving it. There has gone from amongst us an
honourable man, a true friend, a jolly good fellow!—R. McL.
Ernest Charles Auguste Candéze, M.D., F.E.S.—Dr. Candéze died at his
residence at Glain, near Liége, on June 30th; although his health had declined
latterly, there had been nothing to indicate the approach of the attack that
carried him off after a few days’ illness. He was born at Liége on February
27th, 1827, and after his preliminary education, studied medicine in his native
city and at Paris. At Liége he wasa pupil of the celebrated Lacordaire, and this
may possibly have influenced his career as an entomologist. He subsequently
became assistant medical officer in a large establishment for the insane at Glain, and
married the daughter of the proprietor, eventually succeeding to the directorship,
which he relinquished a few years ago. His first entomological publication appears
to have been a Catalogue of the Larvee of Coleoptera known down to 1853 (in con-
junction with Dr. Chapuis). But it was in connection with the Elateride that
Candéze was best known. His monograph of that family extended to three volumes,
and appeared in 1857, 1859 and 1860, and for many years he continued to supple-
ment them chiefly in the Annals of the Belgian Entomological Society, of which he
was one of the founders. He also published a Catalogue of the species of the family
described subsequently to Gemminger and Von Harold. He formed at intervals
several collections of Hlateride: the first and probably most important passed into
the possession of the late Mr. KE. W. Janson, and is now in the British Museum.
Latterly he had occupied himself on a collection of Belgian Diptera, and had
amassed much material, and he also took great interest in a Society (“Cercle en-
tomologique Liégeois”’) of which he was the leading spirit, in his native city, con-
sisting for the most part of young men and youths. Let us hope this Society will
continue to flourish: there is room for such in an important city like Liége. He
was also the author of several romances, of which the ground work was more or less
216 (September, 1898.
entomological, and one of these was translated into English (“The Adventures of a
Cricket’). The deeply humorous side of his nature occasionally found its vent in
anonymous publications, and certainly one of the best and most amusing of them
was “La Doryphora en Belgique,’ which appeared at the time of the Colorado
Beetle scare in 1877. Candéze was a many-sided man: at one time he was deeply
devoted to photography, and perfected a hand camera when such appliances were
but little known ; he was attached to horticulture, and passionately fond of, music.
His extreme vivacity and gaity of spirits made him a charming companion. To the
writer of this notice, who met him so frequently in Belgium at the chateau of Baron
de Selys, and several times on excursions occupying two or three days (to say nothing
of his occasional visits to London), his death comes as that of a personal friend : to
his Belgian colleagues, and especially to the venerable Baron, whose friendship with
him existed for more than half a century, and who pronounced a touching “ discours ”
at his funeral, his loss is irreparable. Candéze was an Officer of the Order of
Léopold, a Member of the Belgian Academy, and of the Academy of Sciences of
Liége, and one of five Commissioners for the Natural History Museum at Brussels ;
he was also Member of many foreign Entomological Societies, including that of
London since 1860, and of France from 1856 to 1882, and subsequently on the
honorary list. His wife long predeceased kim, but he leaves two sons and three
daughters, all of whom are married. His second son, Léon, inherits his father’s
taste for Entomology.—R. Mch.
Sovicties.
BirMiIneHAM Ewnromonoeicat Socrsty: July 18th, 1898.— Mr. A. H.
Marrineav in the Chair.
The Chairman showed larve of Dytiscus marginalis from Ribberford; also a
Nematus, one antenna of which had a white ring near the tip and the other was all
black ; he believed it to be gynandromorphic. Mr. Bradley, Megachile Willugh-
biella and M. centuncularis, § and ¢ of both, obtained from a post at Sutton. Mr.
W. Bowater, a specimen of Odynerus pictus, which had made its nest behind a
picture in his bedroom at Edgbaston ; the cells, which were broken, contained about
three dozen larve of one of the sawflies. Mr. Willoughby Ellis recorded the
occurrence at Haywood, near Solihull, of Strangalia armata, Pterestichus striola,
Aphodius fossor, Clythra quadripunctata, Melanotus rufipes,and Serica brunnea,
the last having been taken at sugar.—CoLBRaNn J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Secretary.
Tue Souta Lonpon Enromonoeican anD Narurat History Society:
June 23rd, 1898.—Mr. J. W. Tutt, F.H.8., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Broome, Christchurch, Oxford, was elected a Member.
Mr. Filer exhibited living larve of Thecla rubi feeding on rock-rose (Cistus),
and called attention to their remarkable protective colouration. Mr. Adkin, larve
of Acidalia marginepunctata (promutata), and read notes on their habits; some
were nearly full-fed, while others were small; the ova had hatched in the early
autumn. Mr. Moore, two fine varieties of Arctia Caja bred from ova by Mr. Cooke.
1. Fore-wings uniformly dark chocolate, without the usual cream markings. 2.
Fore-wings with a very considerable decrease in the area covered by the dark mark-
ings. The larve, some sixty in number, fed all the winter on cabbage. Mr. West,
the Coleoptera he had taken at the Reigate Field Meeting. Mr. Barnett, a specimen
of Venilia maculata, haying the dark blotches irregularly joined and blurred on
one side only.—Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Sec.
October, 1898.] e, ey 2 5 ] Bd 3 917
THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY.
The Meeting of this Congress was held at Cambridge from
August 23rd to 27th, and, thanks to the exertions of the Executive
Committee and the magnificent weather, was a great success.
Amongst British entomologists we noticed the following : —Adkin,
Bateson, Beare, Bouskell, Burr, O. P. Cambridge, G. H. Carpenter,
Champion, Chapman, Crowley, Dixey, Donisthorpe, Durrant, W. H.
B. Fletcher, Gorham, Jenkinson, Jordan, Kane, Kirby, Latter, Sir
John Lubbock, McLachlan, Merrifield, Meyrick, Nevinson, Newstead,
R. C. L. Perkins, Richardson, C. Rothschild, W. Rothschild, Sharp,
Trimen, Verrall, Vice, J. J. Walker, Lord Walsingham, and Wilson.
This is a respectable number, and there were probably others with
whom we did not come in contact personally.
Of foreign and colonial entomologists we met—Prof. R. Blanchard
(Paris), Prof. Bouvier (Paris), Caracciolo (Trinidad), Dollfus (Paris),
Fauvel (Caen), Gadeau de Kerville (Rouen), Prof. Gilson (Louvain),
Baron de Guerne (Paris), Dr. Horvath (Budapest), Janet (Paris),
Piepers (The Hague), Krapelin (Hamburg), Prof. Lameere (Brussels),
Olivier (Moulins), and Simon (Paris). Many of these visited England
for the first time, and took advantage of the occasion to consult the
British Museum and other large public and private coliections. All
expressed themselves much gratified at the reception accorded them.
The entomological papers read were not numerous. The dis-
cussion on the “burning question” of nomenclature was postponed,
to the gratification of some and the disappointment of others.
On the afternoon of Saturday, the 27th, there was a reception in
the Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park, and on the same evening the
President (Sir John Lubbock) received the Members at the Natural
History Museum. On Monday, the 29th, about 150 Members visited
the Hon. Walter Rothschild’s Museum at Tring, and were hospitably
entertained.
The next Congress will be held in Germany (probably Berlin) in
1901.—Eps.
PLOIARIA BHRENSPRUNGI, Douzrn: AN ADDITION TO THE
LIST OF BRITISH REDUVIIDZ.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
I possess two specimens of this species, one captured at Esher
by myself on August 30th, 1874, and the other taken in the New
Forest in June, 1894, The Esher example was beaten from a stack
7
218 [October,
of cut pine branches, in company with numerous representatives of
P. vagabunda. P. Berensprungi, the type of which was found in
Germany, is very like P. culiciformis, De Geer (erratica, Fall), but
may be easily separated from it, and from P. vagabunda (Linn.) also,
by the short, erect, blackish, spiniform elevation on the disc of the
pronotum immediately before the base. The anterior coxe are entirely
whitish. The legs and the basal joints of the antenne are whitish, an-
nulated with fuscous or black. The elytra have a long and conspicuous,
subtriangular, fuscous patch just beyond the first oblique whitish
nervure. The connexivum is in great part ochraceous, with alternate
black and yellowish marks along the outer margin. The anterior
femora have a row of short spines extending from the base to beyond
the middle. There is a long slender spine on the seutellum, another
on the post-scutellum, and a third on the base of the abdomen. P.
brevispina, Puton, from Algeria and Madeira, is probably nothing
more than a variety of this species. I have captured a very closely
allied form in Central America. The Madeiran insect was found
upon pine. The genus Plotariodes, Buch. White, was based upon a
single species from the Hawaiian Islands, with a similarly formed
pronotum.
Horsell, Woking :
September 9th, 1898.
COLEOPTERA, &c., IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
During a recent visit to Sandown, Isle of Wight, from June 24th
to July 22nd, I have once more been able to visit some of my old
entomological haunts. As it is ten years since I have had an oppor-
tunity of collecting there, it is perhaps worth while noting some of
the species that were met with, though nearly all have already been
recorded by me from the Island.* Several, however, did not put in
an appearance, such as Harpalus cupreus, Thinobius brevipennis, &c.
The following species may be now noted amongst the captures in
1898 :—Cicindela germanica, plentiful in its old locality at Chale.
Lymneum nigropiceum, Ventnor. Bembidium saxatile and Tachys
bistriatus, Luccombe. Ocys quinquestriatus, O. rufescens, and Acupalpus
flavicollis, rarely, Sandown. Taphria nivalis, in the roads, towards
evening, Sandown. Aépus marinus and A. Robini, in their usual
habitat, near Sandown, &c. Pogonus littoralis, Sandown. Amara
* ef. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxiv, pp. 186—138 ; xxv, pp. 133, 134.
1898. | 219
lunicollis, Chale. Stpalia testacea, rare, with Aépus marinus, at Veut-
nor, but not found at Sandown this year. Diglossa mersa, Phytosus
balticus and P. spinifer, Bembridge, Sandown and Ventnor. Homalota
languida, one small specimen, Luccombe. Tachyusa scitula, two speci-
mens on damp sand, Luccombe, probably a fresh locality for the
species. Myrmedonialimbata, Sandown. Actobius villosulus, Luccombe,
and A. signaticornis, Sandown, in damp sandy places. Cafius fucicola,
Sandown and Ventnor. Ocypus pedator, Bembridge Downs, under
stones. Lathrobiwm angustatum, Sandown and Ventnor, rare. Bledius
bicornis, one specimen under seaweed, near Sandown, a species not
previously met with by me in the Island; B. atricapillws, Ventnor ;
B. longulus, Luccombe, in damp sand, not rare. Syntomium enewm,
Sandown. Ozytelus maritimus, in company with Aépus marinus, V ent-
nor. Micralymma brevipenne, abundant, on and beneath large stones
resting on soft mud, at low water, near Sandown. Dianous cerulescens,
in plenty in its old locality, Ventnor, in company with Stenus providus,
S. picipennis, Quedius maurorufus, &e. Nitidula rufipes and N. quadri-
pustulata, Bembridge Downs, under a bone, the first mentioned not
previously met with by me in the Island. Anisotoma dubia, Luccombe.
Oyrtusa pauxilla, Ashy Downs, near Sandown, by evening sweeping.
Heterocerus fusculus, Georyssus pygmeus, and Limnichus pygmeus,
Sandown and Luccombe, on wet sand. Drilus flavescens, Bembridge
Downs and Freshwater, not rare, by beating. Helodes minuta, Vent-
nor, with Dianous. Mordellistena parvula, Sandown, rare. Cathor-
miocerus socius, sparingly, in its old very restricted locality, near
Sandown, in company with Cenopsis Waltoni and various Trachyphlev.
Otiorrhynchus rugifrons, Sandown. Sibinia arenarie, on its usual
food-plant, Ventnor and Alum Bay. Bagous lutulentus, var. nigritarsis,
Luccombe, on wet sand, allin very dirty condition. Liophleus nubilus,
Sandown, &c. Sitones meliloti, rarely, and Tychius meliloti, abun-
dantly, on their usual food-plant, Luccombe. Oewthorrhynchus trima-
culatus, Freshwater, on thistles. Hylastinus obscurus, Sandown, beaten
from furze, with Zuperus circumfusus. Leptura livida, Sandown,
almost the only Longicorn seen. Psylliodes chalcomera, Freshwater.
Of Hemiptera-Heteroptera the following were noticed :—Sehirus
dubius, Freshwater. opus sulcatus and Strongylocoris leucocephalus,
Sandown.
Of Hymenoptera :—WMutilla rufipes, Luccombe, running on the
sand.
Horsell, Woking: August 13th, 1898.
220 [October,
COLEOPTERA, &c., AT CHIPPENHAM AND WICKEN FENS.
BY J. J. WALKER, R.N., F.L.S.
The beautiful weather which prevailed during the meeting of the
International Congress of Zoology at Cambridge tempted some of the
entomologists present to embrace the opportunity of doing a little
work in the field; and to the kindness of Mr. G. H. Verrall I owe
my first experiences—and very pleasant, too, they were—of collecting
in the Fen District of Cambridgeshire.
On August 24th a party, consisting of Mr. G. C. Champion, the
Rev. H. 8S. Gorham, and myself, started from Newmarket for Chip-
penham Fen, under the guidance of Mr. Verrall and his nephew.
An hour’s drive brought us to our destination, and the first sight of
this beautiful little fen, almost entirely surrounded by woodland, with
its dense and luxuriant vegetation, and its wealth of rare and local
plants, gave sufficient promise that its Coleopterous productions would
rival, if not excel, its already well known Lepidopterous riches—a
promise which was fully borne out by the result of several hours of
steady collecting.
Sweeping in the open fen produced a considerable variety of
beetles, among which the brilliant scarlet Anthocomus rufus, Herbst
(sanguinolentus, F.), was the most abundant and conspicuous, occurring
chiefly on flowers of Spirea ulmaria, Angelica sylvestris, and the rare
and local Umbellifer, Selinum carvifolium, which grew in profusion in
several places. We also obtained in this way Amara spinipes, Meli-
gethes umbrosus and M. fulvipes, Galeruca viburni (not uncommon on
Viburnum opulus), G. lineola, Aphthona lutescens, Longitarsus cas-
taneus, L. lycopt, and L. Waterhousei, Cassida vibex, Mordellistena
brunnea, Apion vicinum (not rare on Mentha), Sibinia primita, An-
thonomus comart, Orchestes pratensis, &c.; and in paths in the wood,
Phytobius Waltoni, Ceuthorrhynchus melanostictus (not rare on Lycopus
europeus), Hylesinus oleiperda, &e. Apion simile turned up in some
numbers on the birch trees bordering the Fen, with a few Deporaus
megacephalus; and Hylesinus crenatus was taken walking on the trunk
of an ash tree, the bark of which was much riddled by its burrows.
In heaps of damp decaying herbage and grass we obtained three
specimens of Staphylinus fulvipes, along with such ordinary species as
Stomis, Oryptobium, Scydmenus hirticollis, Silpha atrata, var. brunnea,
Parnus auriculatus, &e.
On and about a decayed ash stump in the wood we found more
than a dozen Platycis minuta; and in very rotten stumps of birch,
1898.) Mapai
besides Sinodendron cylindricum, the remains of one of the “red
Elaters’”’ were occasionally met with; but only one living example
was taken by Mr. Gorham, and it appears to be the unicolorous form
of H. sanguinolentus. .
On the following day our party, reinforced by Mr. R. Adkin, set out
for Wicken, our principal object being to obtain Oberea oculata, which
earlier in the week had been taken rather freely by Mr. Donisthorpe
and other Coleopterists. It was not long after our arrival on the
Fen that the first specimen of this beautiful Longicorn was met with,
and during the day we had the satisfaction of capturing eleven
examples in all. One or two of these were caught on the wing, but
the greater number were found sitting on the topmost sprays of the
sallow bushes, very much on the alert, and unless carefully “ stalked,”
flying off with great activity to some inaccessible spot, more than one
being lost in this way.
Other beetles were by no means as plentiful as at Chippenham
Fen: Anthocomus rufus occurred sparingly by sweeping, but we were
evidently too late for A. terminatus ; we also got Meligethes fulvipes,
Donacia limbata, Aphthona nonstriata, Galeruca lineola, Limnobaris
T-album, &c. Lina populi was common in all its stages on the dwarf
sallows, and on the leaves of the same shrub the curious spiky pupa
eases of Chilocorus similis were frequently met with, as well as the
perfect beetle in all stages of maturity. A single example of Harpa-
lus sabulicola was found running on a pathway outside the Fen, and
a large fungus knocked off an ash tree produced Triphyllus suturalis,
Triplax russica, Orchesia micans, &e. A belated straggler of Papilio
Machaon in good condition, taken by Mr. Adkin, was the only
Lepidopterous insect of any note seen during the two excursions.
Amongst the Hemiptera Mr. Champion obtained Drymus piceus
(Lamploplax Sharpi) from heaps of cut grass at Chippenham, and
Nabis lineatus at both Chippenham and Wicken, by sweeping.
23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
September 15th, 1898.
ANCHOMENUS GRACILIPES, Durtscum., IN BRITAIN: AN
ADDITIONAL RECORD.
BY CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &ec.
In a box of insects recently sent me for identification by Mr.
Ernest Bedwell, of Lowestoft, I find a single specimen of this ex-
222 [ October,
tremely rare species. It was taken beneath some fallen boulders at
the base of the cliffs near Corton, a village some two miles north of
Lowestoft, Suffolk, on July 11th, 1898.
The species was first introduced as British by J. F. Dawson
in the Entomologist’s Annual for 1857, under the name “ Agonum
elongatum, De}. ;” a 2 example of which was captured as long ago as
1831 by Rev. C. Kuper on the banks of the Wisbeach Canal, near
Lowestoft. Dawson states that the insect, being a native of Greece,
and met with in none of the intermediate districts (at that time), is
probably only an involuntary visitant. Bedel includes it, however,
among the Coleoptera of the Seine basin, but only on the strength of
a single specimen taken on the wing in the Rue de Médicis, Paris, on
July 5th, 1872. In the Entomologist’s Annual for 1860, p. 96, there is
avery good description of the insect by Mr. EH. W. Janson, drawn from
a specimen taken by Mr. Brewer in the spring of 1859 near South-
wold, Suffolk. Mr. Janson goes on to add that a supposed example
of this species was taken by Mr. Bissell at Hornsea, Yorkshire, in
June, 1859. The latter specimen, however, is, as Fowler says (Col.
Brit. Isles, vol. i, p. 91), very doubtful, as it was lost soon after it was
captured, before it had really been identified.
Mr. Edward Saunders took (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 1, p. 75) one
specimen at roots of grass near Kessingland, a village about three
miles south of Lowestoft (and six north of Southwold) ; and his
father found a second beneath a stone about a mile north of Lowestoft.
These two specimens, one of which, Mr. Saunders informs me, is now
in Mr. Champion’s collection, and the other he gave to Mr. Janson,
who named it for him, were taken at the end of June, 1861, since
which time it has not occurred in England, though the Rev. W. F.
Johnson includes “one specimen on estuary shore under stones”
among other Coleoptera taken at Ardara, Co. Donegal [¢f Ent. Mo.
Mag., vol. xxviii, p. 811 (1892)]. May I be permitted to ask Mr.
Johnson in a spirit “la plus courtoise”’ if he is quite sure of his
Irish record ? There is, as far as I see, no reason why it should not
occur in that locality, and particularly in the environment mentioned,
and it is only in the selfish hope that we may possibly claim all the
British examples as having occurred in Suffolk that I put the perhaps
unnecessary question.
These would appear to be the only British examples, and, excepting
the accidental specimen referred to above, the insect does not seem to
have occurred in France. I am inclined to fear that the British
records are, in every case, those of “involuntary visitants,” but it
1898. 223
may be that it is to be found with us, like many other Geodephaga,
only in the early summer, since Messrs. Ernest Hlliott, E. A. Butler,
BE. C. Bedwell, and myself have assiduously searched in the spot
first mentioned during August with no result, and I have, together
with Rev. E. N. Bloomfield and other friends, carefully worked
the sandhills, &c., from Kessingland to Dunwich, paying especial
attention to Southwold, in late July and August, of recent years, with
no better success. I am indebted to Mr. BE. A. Newbery for calling
my attention to Mr. Johnson’s record, which I had overlooked. With
regard to the distribution of A. gracilipes, v. Heyden, Reitter, and
Weise say simply, “ Northern and Middle Europe,” but Bedel gives
Sweden, Belgium, Germany, England, Russia, and Siberia; it is not,
however, I believe, recorded from Holland, whence probably came
Curtis’s Chlenius sulcicollis, Payk., Dawson’s reputed Licinus cassideus,
F., and, more doubtfully, Mr. B. Tomlin’s recent specimen of Chry-
somela (Orina) gloriosa, F., var. superba, Oliv. (ef. Ent. Rec., vol. x,
p- 104).
Ipswich: September, 1898.
[I have seen Mr. Bedwell’s example of A. gracilipes, and it agrees
perfectly with the one in my possession.—G. C. C.]
A NEW SPECIES OF TERIAS FROM HAITI.
BY PERCY f. LATHY.
TERIAS PRIDDYI, sp. nov.
g. Fore-wings yellow, hind-margin bordered with black. Marginal black
border commences on costa at termination of 1st subcostal nervule, runs obliquely
towards the hind margin as far as 1st median nervule, then paralled with hind
margin, and terminating just before 3rd median nervule. Three minute yellow spots
on costa within black border. Fringes yellow.
Hind-wings yellow, nervules marked with black on hind margin, those nearer
anal angle less so than the upper ones.
Under-side : fore-wings yellow, very faintly dusted with brownish in cell, along
costa, and at apex. A minute black spot at upper end of cell, and an indistinct
brownish spot near apex. Marginal border of upper-side faintly showing through.
Inner margin shining white.
Hind-wings yellowish-white, speckled with brownish. A brownish spot on
costa not far from apex. A slightly curved brownish band commencing near apex
and terminating at end of cell; below this another shorter and very indistinct
_brownish band; an indistinct brownish spot between 3rd median nervule and sub-
median nervure.
224 [October,
?. Similar to male, but with marginal black border of fore-wings extending
just beyond 3rd median nervule, and black markings of hind-wings more pronounced
at apex.
Hab.: Haiti. In Coll., H. J. Adams, g 2.
From the pattern of the markings on the under-side, the best
place for this species appears to be near ZL. Hlathea, Cram., but it
may easily be distinguished from this and allied species by the absence
of the orange and black marking along the inner margin of the fore-
wings of the male.
I have named this species after the collector.
Lynton Villa, Sydney Road, Enfield :
August 15th, 1898.
NEUROTERUS SCHLECHTENDALI BRED.
BY @G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.
I have the pleasure of recording that I am now breeding
Neuroterus Schlechtendali. he first flies appeared on August 6th,
two in number; since then they have been coming out daily ; to this
date I have bred sixteen; they appear to be all females.
These small galls appeared on the catkins of the Oak, and on
May 23rd, 1895, they were mature and falling to the ground. To
give the readers of this Magazine some idea of their size and colour,
I will relate my experience of them. On the date mentioned I
collected some thousands, and, as usual, put them in a flower pot
on some earth, covered them with moss, and placed them in the
garden; unfortunately, in September, I was suddenly called away
from home, by the death of the late Major Still, the same day was
appointed for the removal of my belongings into my present address.
In packing, the men, to prevent breakage, removed the glass cylinders
which protected my precious collection, and the flower pots got mixed,
so that for the life of me I could not say which contained the galls.
I searched the different pots daily for a week, but could not get the
slightest clue, although I was quite certain they were in one of them;
at last I gave it up in despair, consoling myself that having found the
locality I might get another supply the next spring. In the middle
of May following we had a frost one night, and only very few catkins
escaped destruction ; consequently I only obtained a few galls in
1896, the flies from which are now coming out.
In size and colour these galls are like so many grains of earth,;
when on the ground, during the winter, they must be kept moderately
1898.] 99 a
damp, and then they adhere together, which makes them still more
like the ground they lie upon.
I should like to know if any other person in England has bred it
before ; I do not know of any record of the fact.
Dr. Mayr says the flies appear in July of the second year. The
drought of the past month might be the cause of the flies not appear-
ing earlier; the galls, however, were watered about once a week, and
kept in the garden out of the rays of the sun.
Stonehouse:
August 15th, 1898.
NOTE ON THE SECOND EDITION OF CURTIS’ BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RB.S.,
N
INO. HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S.
Stainton, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIII, 221—3 (1887) collated the first
and second editions of Curtis’ British Entomology, and wrote :—
“This second edition bears no date; but references are made in the
reprint of folio 16 to Stephens’ ‘Illustrations,’ and a description is
copied from that work, which, by a reference to the page of the
Illustrations, we learn was published ‘ August 30th, 1834.’ The date
must, therefore, have been subsequent to that, and before the com-
pletion of the last (the 16th) volume of the British Entomology, the
dedication page of which bears the date December Ist, 1839.”
Stainton was doubtless right, from internal evidence, in assigning
a date later than August 30th, 1834, to the reprint of folio 16, but
his deductions do not apply to the whole of the second edition. For
in the Zoological Journal, IV, 496 (January—May, 1829) the follow-
ing note occurs :—‘“ The publication of a second edition of the first
number of Mr. Curtis’s work, affords evidence that it has met with the
encouragement and support it deserves. This is distinguished from
the first edition by the increased quantity of letter-press, the genera
being illustrated more fully, and the whole of the species con-
tained in each of them being characterized, their habitats and times of
appearance mentioned, &c., so as to form succinct Monographs, so far
as the British Entomologist is concerned, of the groups comprehended
im it.”
It would appear that Lovell Reeve’s edition is a reprint of the
second edition of Curtis, but we are at present unable to collate them.
Merton Hall, Thetford :
June, 1898.
296 (October,
4SCHNA BOREALIS, Zurv. (1840), = H. CHRULEA, Srrom (1783),
BUT NOT #&. SQUAMATA, MutizR (1764).
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.
As the name ischna borealis, Zett., is still in common use for an
insect that has lately been much and successfully sought for in its
Scottish localities, it may be well to point out that it was described
more than a century ago by Hans Strom, a Norwegian Provost, in the
“Nye Saml. af K. Danske Vid. Selskabs Skrivter,” 11, p. 90 (1783),
under the name of Libellula cerulea. All who have had the pleasure
of seeing the insect alive will agree that the specific name is strikingly
fitting, but unfortunately there is very little of the “blue” left in
dead individuals.
This is no new discovery ; it was brought forward by Wallengren
in 1880, in an article in the Christiania “ Videnskabselskabs For-
handlinger,” 1880, No. 2; again by Schoyen in the same publication
for 1887, No. 13; and once again by Wallengren, in a Synopsis of
Scandinavian Dragon-flies, published in the “ Entomologisk Tidskrift ”
for 1894, p. 255, who there went so far as to propose a new name
(Cnemophila) for a section of Aischna, of which this is the sole European
exponent. From specimens before me, and from the remarks of
Wallengren and Schéyen, it would appear to be common in Norway,
extending far within the Arctie Circle. That Str6m’s name for the
insect was not sooner recognised is no doubt due to the fact that his
works remained almost neglected until recently (on this point see
Hagen, in the Stett. ent. Zeit., 1873, p. 225), and appear to have been
quite unknown to Zetterstedt when he published his “ Insecta
Lapponica.”
I have lately attempted an analysis of the literature concerning
the three names at the head of this article, and submit a few remarks.
No one, I think, has doubted the correctness of the identification
of Zetterstedt’s 4. borealis (Ins. Lap., col. 1040), and it was probably
confirmed by a comparison of type specimens. Zetterstedt states
that it can scarcely be a variety of juncea, L., which latter he does
not include, but which also occurs in Lapland, according to more
modern research. According to him, borealis occurs from June 16th
to 28th. Jn Scotland it sometimes commences to appear at the end
of May, and is commonly over before the end of July.
Strom’s diagnosis (J. ¢.) is as follows :—“ Libellula (c@rulea) ;
alis aqueis, corpore atro, maculis ceruleis.”’ Then follows a detailed
description in Danish, which I do not reproduce, but which, in the
distribution of the blue markings, quite accords with our insect.
1898. ] 997
The matter would rest here, but in 1890 Mr. W. F. Kirby, in
his “ Catalogue of Odonata,” p. 87, admits the right of Strém’s name
over that of Zetterstedt, but considers that a still older name exists
in sguamata, Miller (“Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina,” p. 62,
1764). The diagnosis of the latter is briefly as follows :—‘ Alis
albidis puncto marginali lutescente: lineis thoracis quatuor ceruleis.”’
Later on, in 1766, in the Nov. Act. Acad. Leopold. Carol., vol. ii, a
more detailed description appeared to this effect :—“ Facies fusca,
albo-variegata. Oculi fusci. Thorax fuscus, lineis utrinque 2 albo-
ceeruleis. Pedes nigro-fuscis, squamula ad basin posteriorum alba.
Abdomen cylindricum, fusco albo-nigroque mire mixtum, subtus
fuscum. Medio Septembris.” It seems probable that the description
was taken from an old and faded example. The “squamula’’ I presume
represented the “oreilette” of the ¢. This description might apply
equally well to ywncea and mixta,and possibly others. I incline to the
opinion that mixta was intended thereby. My objections to any con-
nection with ce@rulea are chiefly circumstantial. (1) I am not aware
that cerulea has ever been recorded from Denmark by any modern
writer, and it is an insect one would scarcely expect to find in so flat
a country; in Scotland it frequents sub-alpine moors and mountain
sides, and it is only in the north of Scandinavia that it seems to occur
near the sea level. (2) The middle of September seems to me at
variance with the usual time of appearance of cerulea. I urge, there-
fore, that whereas Strém’s name seems free from objection, the right
of Miiller’s is decidedly “not proven,” to say the least. Hagen, in his
“Synonymia Libellularum Europzarum,” compiled when a very young
man, suggested (p. 53) that sgwamata might be identical with mixta,
which latter does not occur in Scandinavia. Hagen in those days seems
to have confused cerulea and mixta, for he stated that he possessed
the latter from Upsal.
One or two collateral matters arise out of the foregoing remarks.
De Selys, in 1850 (“ Revue des Odonates,” p. 122), gives reasons why
borealis (cerulea) cannot be the same as the coluberculus of Harris
(“ Exposition,” p. 91, tab. xxvii, fig. 1, 1782), one of which, however,
viz., the furcation of the sub-nodal sector in the figure, is of no great
importance, viewed in the light of the variation seen in ce@rulea. I
might add we would not expect to find cerulea on an English common,
by a hedge-side, as stated by Harris for coluberculus. Kirby, without
comment (/. ¢.), gives coluberculus as identical with mixta, and having
priority. The objection that De Selys used in 1850, viz., the long
_ pterostigma and the very short appendages as seen in the figure, are
228 [October,
opposed, so it seems to me, to the connection urged by Kirby, and
one seldom sees mixta in this country in June. Here, again, I think
the case is ‘‘ not proven.”
While I am on the subject of the nomenclature of British species
of Aischna, I may as well allude to a third change in Kirby’s Catalogue.
Ai. rufescens, V. d. Li., becomes 4. isoceles (which should be corrected
to zsosceles), Miller (Nov. Act., ii, p. 125, 1767). The name occurs
amongst named varieties of “ quadrifasciata,’ Mill. This particular
“variety” distinctly represents our rufescens, and indeed has long been
recognised as such; the excuse for not giving the name precedence
being that it was originally applied to only a “variety.” I do not
consider this objection a valid one, and am of opinion the species
should be termed &. isosceles.
I am painfully aware that great laxity existed, and still exists, in
connection with species of “ Neuroptera”’ described by the “ old
authors.”” Much as I dislike change, I accept it when a good ease is
made out, but I object to change made without any given reasons, and
apparently often solely for the sake of the application of some old
name.
Lewisham, London :
September, 1898.
WHAT IS ZIBELLULA ZNEA, Linné?: A STUDY IN NOMENCLATURE.
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.
Having occasion to consult the original descriptions in Linné’s
works with regard to another species, I was struck with the discrepan-
cies that existed in connection with Z. enea, and though I found
afterwards that they had not escaped the notice of Charpentier and
Hagen (and perhaps others), the subject seemed sufficiently interesting
to allude to in detail, and more especially as it concerns the names
now in common use for two species, viz., “Cordulia enea, Linné,”’
and “ Somatochiora flavomaculata, Van der Linden.” I propose to
deal with the works in chronological sequence.
Fauna Surctca, ed. i (1746), p. 231.
768. Lib. thorace viridi nitido: lineis flavis alis pallidis abdomine nigyo.
Descript.: Caput et thorax viridia, nitida; lines due flave ad latera thoracis.
Abdomen cylindricum nigrum subtus flavum marginis colore dentato; cauda di-
phylla angusta.
1898. ] 999
769. Lib. viridi inaurata ; pedibus nigris.
Descript.: Preecedentis simillima, sed alia. Mas cauda quadridentata, dentibus
superioribus pilosis inferioribus singulis duplicis denticulo. Feming cauda foliolis
2 lanceolatis; caput, thorax, abdomine cupreo inaurata, thorax pilosus absque
maculis. Abdomen subtus hinc inde pallide albescens.
Here and elsewhere I have omitted words in the “ descriptions ”
that do not specially concern the question at issue.
No. 768 applies to what we now term “ Somatochlora flavomacu-
lata,’ and 769 (admirably) to “ Cordulia enea.” But as no specific
terms were given in this work, the nomenclature is not immediately
concerned.
Systema Natura, ed. x (1758), p. 544.
ened. 8. I. thorace eneo viridi.
And then is added as a reference—
Fn. Suec. 768, 769. I. thorace viridi, nitido, lineis flavis.
The specific name is here applied for the first time. The former
>
two species are united, the term “neo” appears in the diagnosis, and
? \
?
the words “lineis flavis” in the reference seem to be apologetic and
considered necessary in the altered conditions.
Fauna Svecica, ed. ii (1761), p. 373.
1466. ZL. enea thorace eneo-viridi.
With a reference to ed. i and quotation from No. 768. Then
follows the description, which is practically the same as in ed. i.
8. LU. viridi-inaurata ; pedibus nigris. ., 759 (a printer’s error for 769).
The description is again practically as in ed. 1 (769).
Here is a new departure. The type form is our “ Somatochlora
flavomaculata,”’ and the unnamed var. f is “ Cordulia enea” !
Systema Natura, ed. xii (1767), p. 902.
@nea. 8. J. thorace eneo-viridi. Fn. Suec., 1466.
Then follows a reference to Fn. Suec., i, 768, 769, with the same
quotation as in 8. N., ed. x.
It results from the above that if the detailed descriptions in the
“Fauna,” ed. ii, of Z. enea were considered literally, it would be ab-
solutely necessary to apply the specific name to the “ Somatochlora,”
and to find or coin a new one for the “Cordulia.” But the Syst. Nat.
ed. x, is now considered the starting point for zoological nomenclature,
4
_and Linné there united both species under the same name “ @nea,”
so I think we can conveniently be spared the intolerable nuisance
220 [October,
of a change such as would be here involved. We may fall back
upon the person who applied names to both species. Apparently
this was done by Van der Linden, who, in his “ Monograph” in 1825,
applied the same specific names for the two insects that are now in
common use. But I think he does not show that he had eritically
studied the Linnzan descriptions, and I venture to believe that had
he done so he would have reserved the term “ e@nea” for the species
he named “ flavomaculata,” for Linné distinctly had the latter in view
as his type form.
Hagen in his “ Synonymia,” and Charpentier in his “ Lib. Europ.,”
followed Van der Linden, but both called attention to the apparent
discrepancy.
And now as to the Linnean Collection. There exists in it a
specimen with a label “ enea”’ in Linné’s hand that is distinctly a g
of flavomaculata, V.d. Linden ; and below it is another specimen, on the
same kind of pin, but with no label, that is as distinctly a 2 enea of
V.d. Linden and modern authors. De Selys (“ Revue des Odonates )”
supposes there may have been an accidental changing of the label;
but there is no necessity for such a supposition, for the collection only
exemplifies the intention according to the detailed descriptions by
Linné, but which was left vague in Syst. Nat., ed. x, where the name
was first given.
RECAPITULATION.
Tn 1746 Linné, before he adopted the binomial system, described
two insects, now placed in different genera, as distinct species.
In 1759 he united them as one, and applied the specific name
enea for the collective “ species.”
In 1761 he described the first of his two species of 1746, that
now known as flavomaculata, as enea, and described that now known
as @nea as an unnamed variety of the type.
In 1767 he adopted the same course as in 1759.
RESULT.
The present application of the name nea is in direct opposition
to the views of Linné as expressed in his detailed descriptions of
1746 and 1761, and in order to maintain it we have to fall back
upon an implied “rule” of nomenclature upon which all are not
agreed, In legal phraseology there has been “a miscarriage of
justice.”
Lewisham, London :
September, 1898.
1898.] 231
Colias Edusa in 1898.—Where is C. Edusa this year? The usual records are
silent. No doubt it has occurred somewhere in England, but apparently nowhere
in sufficient quantity to attract attention, and yet the weather has been such as it
usually delights in. A correspondent writing from the coast of East Devon where
the insect is otten abundant, says:—‘‘I have not seen Colias Edusa this year. I
attribute its absence to the prevalence of winds adverse to immigration from the
Continent. The wind was mostly between N.N.W. and N.E., and hardly ever
S.E. or 8.” A change has come over British entomologists. Thirty years ago the
“blown over” theory was commonly scouted, and theories were rife to account for
the erratic appearance of this insect, and others here; the one probably most in
favour being continuance in the egg or pupal stage more than one season. ‘‘ Blown
over”’ had a disagreeable sound, and there were probably some who would have
refused to place the specimens in their collections if they carried with them the
slightest suspicion of being voluntary or involuntary immigrants.—EDs.
Acronycta alni at Gloucester.—On Monday, August 15th, I found a full-fed
larva of this species in a garden close to Gloucester; it was provided with a bit of
hollow stick, and spun up in it the same night.—W. W. Fowier: Aug. 18th, 1898.
Singular habit in Brephos parthenias—In March of this year, my son, who had
been out in the early morning in Richmond Park in search of Brephos parthenias,
came to me with what I thought at the time sounded very much like a “yarn.” He
had seen the Brephos (more than one of them) sitting on the sandy margin of a
rivulet which runs through the Park at this point, and they were imbibing the
moisture, holding their wings in an upright position over the back “just like a
butterfly.” As this habit of this,species had never in my recollection been recorded,
I visited the Park a day or two later about 11 a.m., and, overlooking the little brook,
where my boy had seen the moths, I tried the edge of the pond near the Isabella
Plantation and there, on the moist earth at the edge of the water, a couple of B.
parthenias were enjoying themselves exactly as described, sitting upon the wet sand,
wings erected and lowered at intervals, in the bright sunshine, precisely as butterflies
are in the habit of doing when imbibing moisture.—ALFRED Ficxu1n, Norbiton:
August 15th, 1898.
Occurrence of Lozopera Beatricella, Wism., in Kent.—Having in mind Lord
Walsingham’s recent discoveries in the genus Lozopera (Conchylis, Tr. part.), it was
with no little satisfaction that I heard, some weeks ago from Mr. W. Purdey, of
Folkestone, that he had found in that neighbourhood a number of moths belonging
to this genus, which he could not reconcile with any species known to him. These
he was kind enough to send to me for examination, when it was at once obvious that
he had come upon a species quite strange to me, but which, after careful comparison
with his lordship’s descriptions, I found to be referable, without doubt, to his
Lozopera Beatricella, reared seventeen or eighteen years ago in Suffolk by the Hon.
Mrs. Carpenter. The occurrence of this interesting species on the south coast is
extremely gratifying, and that this should take place in a locality which has been,
for the past thirty years, so incessantly worked as Folkestone, is not a little
remarkable.
939 { October,
Mr. Purdey writes, “I watched this species very closely for nearly a fortnight
in the middle of July. It was on the wing from about 8 p.m. till dark, flying over
alder and privet bushes, possibly attracted by the blossoms of the latter. It struck
me as being quite distinct from the other species, and having different habits. C.
Francillonana was to be found at a distance of forty or fifty yards about some wild
carrot, from the blossom of which also I swept it with the net.”
To me this pretty species seems to be more closely allied to L. sanguinana from
Hungary than to LZ. flagellana, Dup., = eryngiana, Heyd., or to L. Francillonana
or dilucidana, its more erect transverse stripes being placed exactly as in that
species, and in some degree similarly constricted and broadened, but it does not
approach that species in the width and richness of these bands. ‘There is no reason
to suppose that either L. sanguinana or L. flagellana exists anywhere in these
Islands, and the occurrence of this allied and, to all appearance, absolutely new
species, and its present extension of range, is of extreme interest.—Cuas. G. BARRETT,
39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, 8.E.: September 17th, 1898.
Orthotenia ericetana in Scotland.—I found this very abundantly on Ben Lawers
on one particular afternoon about 5.30, at a height of about 700 feet above the sea
level. Having no net I could only manage to secure six specimens, a work of no
little difficulty, as they were flying very actively and restlessly, to all appearance in
anticipation of a thunderstorm, which, however, did not come off. An hour and a
half later I revisited the slope, but the weather had become windy, and not a speci-
men was to be seen. These examples are not so darkly coloured as those from the
South of England.—C. T. Crurrwe 1, Kibworth Rectory, Leicester: August 27th,
1898.
The List of Yorkshire Coleoptera.—On behalf of the Yorkshire Coleoptera
Committee appointed at the last Annual Meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’
Union, I am at present engaged in collecting information on the beetles of Yorkshire,
for the purpose of preparing the continuation of the List of Yorkshire Coleoptera
commenced some years ago. The list having been published as far as the end of
the Brachelytra (Staphylinide), the Clavicornia are now to be dealt with. I shall,
therefore, be glad to receive local record-lists and scattered information on this and
the succeeding groups from entomologists who have conducted researches in the
County in former years, and those who may at the present time be engaged in
similar investigations. In incorporating the results of their work in the list, suitable
acknowledgment will be made of all such assistance. It is desired that the list shall
represent, as far as possible, the state of our knowledge on the subject at the time
of its publication.—M. L. Tuomrson, Hon. Secretary for the Yorkshire Coleoptera
Committee, Diamond Street, Saltburn-by-the-Sea: July 19th, 1898.
Platystethus alutaceus, Thoms., at Chobham.—In looking over some Platystetht
the other day I found an example of this species which I had captured at Chobham
in 1878, and put aside as doubtful. The entirely black coloration and the peculiar
surface make it easily recognisable. Mr. Champion has seen the specimen, and
agrees with me in referring it to the above species -EDWARD SaunDERs, St. Ann’s,
Woking: August 15th, 1898.
—-:-
1898.] 233
Langelandia anophthalma, Aubé, &c., at Broadstairs.—As I am not likely to
have another opportunity of taking Langelandia and its companion rarities in the
district where I first turned them up, it may be of interest to record the result of
my investigations in decaying seed potatoes in July of last year (1897). Staying
with the friends to whom I had paid a previous visit (vide Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxii,
p. 259), I again relieved the gardener of the task of lifting the early potatoes, and
spent several mornings in examining the decaying seed. The result was eminently
satisfactory, as 1 managed to take no less than 107 specimens of Langelandia, which
was more abundant than I have ever known it. So too was Anommatus 12-striatus,
of which over 80 specimens put in an appearance, while Ozytelus insecatus Was
common, and Bathyscia Wollastoni tumbled out in dozens from almost every
potato. These four beetles are probably spread all over the surrounding district,
and it would be very interesting to learn whether other Coleopterists have succeeded
in finding them in the same way elsewhere.—THEoDoRE Woop, 157, Trinity Road,
Upper Tooting, S.W.: August 30th, 1898.
Sparrows and Hive Bees.—A curious case of the destruction of hive bees by
sparrows has lately been brought under my notice, and I think it is worthy of record.
A friend of mine residing at Reigate finds that the sparrows in his garden kill a
considerable number of his bees. The birds alight somewhere in the neighbourhood
of the hive, and as the bees fly in and out dart at them and seize them much in the
same way as a flycatcher seizes flies. He has lost so many bees in this way that he
is obliged to keep the sparrows down by shooting them. I should be glad to learn
if this habit has been observed in sparrows by others.—HDWARD SAUNDERS, St.
Ann’s, Woking: September 13th, 1898.
WMecostethus grossus, L., in the New Forest.—Towards the end of July and early
in August this large grasshopper could be obtained in fair numbers if diligent search
was made for it in any of the bogs around Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst. I noticed
that although we tramped well over the ground during dull weather, or when the
_sun was obscured by clouds, very seldom was one of this grasshopper to be found on
the move; but as soon as the sun shone out brightly it was easily disturbed, heing
borne along with wings extended in the direction of the wind, at times a single
flight covering a distance of thirty or forty feet; whenever they flew against the
wind the flight was of a much shorter length. The female does not take to the
wing as readily as the male, but when it does the flight is much stronger and more
rapid ; being a much larger insect it is rather a conspicuous object on the wing. I
had no difficulty in taking a fairly long series.—Jamus J. F. X. Krn@, 207, Sauchie-
hall Street, Glasgow: September, 1898.
Bittacus Hageni, Brauer, in Wallachia.—During his recent tour in Eastern
Europe Mr. Malcolm Burr took one example of a Bittacus at Comana, Wallachia,
on July 12th, that proves to be B. Hageni, g. This species is still little known.
It was discovered at Stockerau, Austria, by Dr. Brauer, in August, 1860; subse-
quently it was found at Hoym in Saxony; I took a single example at Ronquiéres in
Belgium on July 19th, 1881; and I believe M. Poujade found it at St. Cloud, near
Paris, according to an old note published by me, but which I should now like to
confirm.—R. McLacuxtan, Lewisham, London: September 19th, 1898.
U
234 : [October,
Heviews.
Furruer Coccip Norss: with Description of New Species, and Discussion of
Points of Interest: by W. M. Masxett, Registrar of the University of New
Zealand ; Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of South Australia. Trans. New Zealand Institute,
1897, pp. 219—282, five plates.
The majority of the new species recorded in this paper form part of a collection
of Coccide made by Mr. A. Koebele, in China and Japan, in 1896 and 1897, and an
advance list of all these briefly mentioned therein was published in this Magazine
in October, 1897 (vol. viii, 2nd ser., p. 239).
Besides this matter, three pages are oceupied with a critical notice of two pub-
lications which appeared in 1897, dealing with the genus Aspidiotus, both proposing
to divide it into a number of sub-genera. One is merely a preliminary synoptical
key, without detailed descriptions, by Dr. G. Leonardi, of the Laboratory of
Economic Entomology at Portici, Italy. This suggests nine sub-geneyra, all founded
upon the anatomical features of the female insect, without taking any notice of the
puparium; but, says Mr. Maskell, “unless Dr. Leonardi proposes to give much
fuller details when defining completely his sub-genera, I think that some of his
characters are scarcely valid.”
Of Mr. Cockerell’s work, of which the great industry and acumen are willingly
acknowledged, Mr. Maskell says that “the general question of generic subdivision
seems to be entirely premature. In my opinion it will be none too late twenty years
hence to begin the work. The total number of species of all the genera of Coccide
now known to science does not exceed one thousand, and it is absurd to imagine that
we have discovered more than a fraction of those existing in the world. It results, as
a matter of course, that any scheme of subdivision of so small a genus of insects as
Aspidiotus must be continually subject to revision, to re-revision, to revision a fourth
or a tenth time, as new forms are found to obliterate the boundaries laid down by
this or by that author. There is not the least cause for hurry. If all the species
now known are left in Aspidiotus no harm can be done, whereas if all the suggested
sub-genera have to be again divided, split into minute fragments, shifted about to
suit the needs of the day, the future student must be subjected to confusion and
trouble quite annoying and wearisome.’ ‘These words will be thoroughly endorsed
by all students.
It is very sad to know that these “ Notes” are the last by their author, and that
Coccid-students all the world over have been deprived by death of a friend and
guide through the intricacies inherent in their subject.—J. W. D.
Fauna Rrent Honearia, &c., &., in memoriam regni Hungarie mille abhine
annis constituti, Ordo Hemiptera conscripsit Dr. G. HorvAru, Hditio separata,
pp. 1—72, with coloured map. Buda Pest: 1897.
In this work the author, so well known as one of the leading authorities on the
Hemiptera, commences with a history of the study of this Order in Hungary.
Aloys. Ferd. Marsili is the first author mentioned, he, in 1726, figured a Pentatomid
under the name of “ Cimex” in “ Danubius Pannoniceus Mysicus,” vol. vi, p. 121, as
well as three “ Tipulas,” of which one, according to Dr. Horvath, is probably Corixa
coleoptrata, Fab., and the other two Plea minutissima. In 1783 Piller and Mitter
1898] 235
pacher described four species in their Iter per Poseganam, but Tobias Koy appears
as the first Entomologist who accurately and diligently studied the Hemiptera of
Hungary : he published in 1800 a list of eighty-six species, entitled, “ Alphabitisches
Verzeichniss meiner Insecten-Sammlung,” of which all except seven were collected
in the neighbourhood of Buda Pest ; from this date the list has gradually been built
up by various Entomologists, and now, thanks to the indefatigable labours of the
present author, appears as probably the most perfect national list on record, and a
model for lists of @ similar nature. An excellent map is given, dividing the country
into eight regions, Centralis, Pannonica, Septentr. occidentalis, Septentr. orientalis,
Transylvanica, Banatica, Croatica, and Adriatica. The author says that the greater
part of the species are those generally distributed throughout the Paleartie Kegion,
and that of these the majority are of the Mediterranean type. Some, however, have
erept in from warmer and more southern climes, others from the East, whilst some
of the species found quite in Northern Europe occur even in the tolerably hot parts
of the country. After the historical, &c., sketch, a list of the literature bearing on
the Hemiptera of Hungary is given, and then follows a systematic list of species,
with notes of the distribution of each in the eight regions. There are enumerated
814 Heteroptera, 726 Homoptera, and 103 Aptera.—E. 8.
Insect Lives, as told by themselves: by EDWARD Simpson. Pp. 128, small
8vo, with 23 illustrations. London: The Religious Tract Society, 1898 (but not
dated).
Of this class of books there is no end. This purports to consist of a series of
autobiographies of some of our common insects, and is pleasantly written, yet
evidently compiled: the “author” has managed to escape very serious errors, which
is more than can be said for many similar works. The best feature consists in the
happily chosen headings; but in one case at least, “ A Home under Water,” the
depth has been miscalculated, and has resulted in a hopeless confusion of nomen-
elature. The chapter devoted to “ An Unweleome Guest” (Séylops) is lamentably
incomplete. The illustrations are fair, so far as they go: we need scarcely add that
we recognise them as old friends. The marvel to us is who buys books of this
nature ; yet we suppose they serve some useful purpose, and pay, otherwise they
would not be written.
Insects: foes and friends: by W. Eamonr Kirsy, M.D., with preface by
W. F. Kirey, F.L.S.,F.E.S. Pp. 138, 12mo, with 32 chromo-lith. plates. London:
S. W. Partridge and Co., 1898.
This book is a small manual of Economic Entomology, tolerably well illustrated.
The position held by the writer of the preface should be a guarantee as to accuracy ;
but there is no editorial note explaining that the “Vine Tortrix” (Hupecilia
ambiguella) does not feed on vine in this country. It is stated that the work is an
English adaptation of a little book that “has had a large circulation in Germany,”
but what little book is not mentioned. We venture to suggest that the title of
the original was “ Insektenbiichlein ;” that the author was H. Schiitte ; and that it
was published at Stuttgart in 1897. Those who require a small elementary pocket
_ manual of Economic Entomology at a price that is only nominal will find this
useful.
DU 2
236 (October,
Society.
LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE EnromonoeicaL Society: March 14th, 1898.
—S. J. Capper, Hsq., F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. F. N. Pierce called attention to some remarkable articles in the popular
literature of to-day on “Insect Grafting.” Mr. Webster read one of these
articles, but the Members considered the subject unworthy of discussion, the idea
being contrary to all experience. Mr. Mosley read a paper on “A new method of
forming a collection, with special reference to Lepidoptera.” This system may be
entitled “The Tablet System.” He pointed out the four main objects to be kept in
view in forming a collection—(1) economy of space and expense; (2) facility of
exhibition and examination (with a lens); (3) preservation from destructive agen;
cies; (4) avoidance of unlimited destruction of life. In expounding his four main
points, he especially disclaimed any idea of diminishing existing collections, except
possibly by amalgamation ; he was of opinion that every town should have a large
students’ collection, public or private, arranged in the ordinary cabinet form, but he
claimed that the tablet system should satisfy the wants of local collectors. He
showed three tablets, containing g and @ and life-histories of species in a flat tray
with sealed glass covers. He touched upon the use of this form of tablet to teachers,
and the limit it was likely to put upon wholesale destruction of local species; he
then showed how the tablet collection could be used as an index to the larger (town)
collections. Drawings of “ varieties’ were exhibited, set up in the same form;
notes could be written on the back. A discussion followed, after which the following
exhibits were shown :—The President showed a fine variety of Zygena lonicera with
remarkably wide borders to the under-wing. Mr. F. N. Pierce, a living exotic
Blatta, taken from an Orchid.
April 4th.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. F. W. Saxby gave a Demonstration Lecture on Photomicrography of Insect
Structures. He used for illuminant acetylene gas. After describing the apparatus
and illustrating its manipulation, he photographed a vertical section through the eye
of Eristalis tenaz. The negatives were very successful. Messrs. Pierce and Freeman
exhibited other slides and unmounted specimens. The ordinary exhibits consisted
of Papilios from Lagos, Mr. Webster ; captures during 1898, Mr. F. C. Thompson ;
first year’s captures, 1897, Dr. J. Cotton; amongst the latter was a very long series
of Grammesia trilinea, var. bilinea, also 1 Cherocampa Elpenor captured at sugar.
After a few remarks by the President, a vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. Saxby,
and the Meeting closed.
May 9th.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. F. R. Dixon Nuttall, F.M.S., was elected a Member of the Society.
It was decided to adjourn till October, and to start next season with a Meeting
entirely devoted to Exhibits.
Mr. F. F. Pierce read a paper on “ Recent investigations of the hair-pencils on
certain male Noctue.”’ After a rough summary of the immense field of morpho-
logical research open to the entomologist, and a short reference to his own work and
1898. 937
that of others in insect anatomy, he turned to the subject directly in hand. De-
scribing how he had been led to a study of this subject by what was considered a
unique specimen of Hpunda nigra in the collection of the President, he showed how
he had examined all the male nigra available, and found it to be the rule and not
the exception with that species, and with many other Noctuina, that the males have
a pair of chitinous flaps, one on each side of the ventral surface of the abdomen.
These flaps arise from the base of the abdomen, and from them proceeds a pencil of
hairs tightly agglutinated at the base, separating and individually tapering towards
the extremity. These extremities fit into a pocket which lies more towards the
centre of the ventral surface of the abdomen. Illustrating his remarks by excellent
diagrams and carefully mounted microscopic slides, he then contrasted these pencils
with the tarsal tufts of the Herminide, pointing out that these organs are pencils of
hairs joined at the base, separating towards the apex, while the Herminide tufts
are lamellz of scales, and separate almost (if not entirely) their whole length. With
a diagram of one of these hairs under high power and one of the scales of the
Herminide, he pointed out the entire difference between the markings on the two
appendages ; those on the hairs being a kind of network of diamonds raised in the
centre, those on the scales of the Herminide being ordinary scale-pittings and
striations. He proved the existence of these little-known organs to be specific, not
accidental ; but at the same time disproved the suggestion that they are vital by
their absence in the females, and also in the males of certain species of even the
Noctuina. Referring to the writings of previous authors on this subject, he ex-
plained their ignorance of the very frequent presence of these pencils by the fact
that they have the apical portion enclosed in the pocket, and therefore require careful
teazing before they are visible to the naked eye. Dealing with the suggestion that
they are breathing organs, he pointed out that they only occur in males, and not of
all species, and therefore could hardly perform such an important function as respira-
tion. He mentioned (1) that they occurred in most Noctuina but not in all; (2)
that they varied in size and form in different species, but were fairly constant for
the same species; (3) that they always occurred in the same situation, and the tips
were or had been always enclosed in pockets. He attributed to them some unknown
sense, probably of use to the male in its search for the female. Some useful sug-
gestions and leading questions were made by the President, and Messrs. Cotton,
Freeman and Locke. The Rev. R. Freeman suggested that these were scent not
sense organs, and attempted to associate their absence with the presence of pectinated
antenuz. The exhibits were—the original specimen of #. nigra which may be said
to be the initial cause of Mr. Pierce’s study, by the President; slides of hair-pencils
by Mr. Pierce; a night’s captures at Delamere, by Mr. F.C. Thompson; spring
captures, by Dr. Cotton ; Miscodera arctica and other allied species from Llangollen,
by Mr. F. Birch; recent emergencies, &c., by Rev. R. Freeman and Mr. H. B.
Prince; and a fine box of Bombyzx rubi, by Mr. J. E. Robson, for distribution. The
next Meeting, an Exhibitional Meeting, will be held on October 6th.—R. Freeman,
Hon. Secretary.
238 : - [October,
STRAY NOTES ON SOME SOUTH AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY C. G@. BARRETT, F.E.S.
I have been lately much interested in the remarks made on the
habits of insects in South Africa by a sister who, with her young
niece and nephews, devotes much time to collecting Lepidoptera for
me, sending over some new and very many interesting species, a few
of which are also European, and even British. I am not so selfish as
to desire to keep the information quite to myself.
Deiopeia pulchelia, L.—“ I was going to tell you about the pink-
spotted white moths which you say you have never seen at large. We
went out for a walk one day after a heavy rain among the lands (culti-
vated grounds),and in one which had not been ploughed, and was covered
with weeds in blossom, there were many common butterflies enjoying
the bright sunshine. One of us (I think Harry) noticed that one of
the “small whites” looked a little different. On netting it we found
that it was one of these pretty moths, and we got a good many others.
They are wonderfully like the white butterflies when flying, but alight
very differently. They are seldom (if ever) found except in these
old ‘lands.’ ”
The numerous specimens sent present exactly the same degree of
variation in the proportion of pink or black spotting observable in -
European specimens. One extremely pretty form, which seems rare,
has the black dots replaced by oblique black streaks, forming in-
complete transverse lines. The ground colour also varies occasionally
to cream colour or even pale ochreous; but I see no tendency toward
pectination of the antenne, such as is said to occur in some parts
of Asia. :
Pelochita vitrea, Plétz.—This is a very curious and beautiful
species; the fore- and hind-wings being, with the exception of the
margins, nearly transparent and glassy, the scales with which they are
clothed being extremely minute and thinly scattered; the margins,
however, and especially those of the fore-wings, are opaque and of a
soft yellow-brown; the thorax similar, but dotted with black ; antennz
long and slender. ‘The portion which gives this insect its striking
appearance is the abdomen, of which the whole dorsal portion is
broadly and richly purplish-scarlet of a most gorgeous hue, the legs
partaking of the same colour. Palpi remarkably small and slender, of
the same brilliant colour, but dotted with black, the tongue horn-
coloured, strong, and in no way sheltered by the palpi. Attention
was the more drawn to this species from a remark that it affected the
1398.) | 239
orange trees, and I asked for further information. “ You ask about the
‘Soldiers.’ I have only found them twice. The first, perhaps two
specimens, were at the Dantana, an aromatic shrub in full blossom.
The last on the orange trees, also in full bloom; I beat them out of
the trees at night, using a lantern, and netted them. They are not
hard to catch, as their flight is heavy. I have only seen them at night,
and have an idea that they and many other species come from some
distance attracted by the scent, which is sweetest at night. I never
beat them out at dusk, but later; indeed, I do not think that I have
caught one before nine o’clock.”
Hypocala deflorata, Fab.—“ Along with the last I caught that
varied series of moths with yellow under wings; but the latter were
the earlier to appear.”
This is also a remarkable species —a “yellowunder-wing”’ of
about the size and in some degree the appearance of Triphena jan-
thina, Esp., or more resembling the smaller Catocale with yellow
hind-wings. Its head is prominent, with the palpi rather long, very
thick, conical and conspicuously porrected. The yellow hind-wings
have the usual central spot black and very large, black clouds running
down the costal and dorsal margins, and the usual broad black band
on the hind margin, in which are two large yellow spots. But its
fore-wings are the most remarkable, from their strange variation. .
Ordinarily they are of a rather uniform grey-brown dusted with ashy-
grey, either without markings or marbled with black, or in the middle
area with orange-yellow, or having the reniform stigma blackened or
black margined, with or without a yellow subterminal line. But
sometimes a large round pale yellow cloud lies behind the reniform
stigma, or a large similar oblong cloud along the discal cell, or both ;
while in more extreme forms the ground colour is whitish-grey or
yellowish-grey, and a very broad angulated and hollowed stripe, of
slate colour or grey-black, lies the whole length of the wing in zigzags
from base to apex.
Margarodes unionalis, Hb.—“ The first that I saw was in a quince
hedge by a stream at dusk, and when searching the orange trees in
the same garden at night I caught several. When I shook or beat
the tree they fell to the ground as though intoxicated, and I could
bottle them easily. The orange tree was in full bloom.” These do
not differ from the very few British examples.
Deilephila capensis, L.—“ These are the hawk moths that look so
- lovely at night around the blossoming orange trees. Their eyes are
like living coals. I think that they like any blossoming trees. They
24.0 (October, 1898.
have a lovely green shade over the fore-wings when freshly emerged ;
when older they are more of a drab-brown.” This insect when it
arrives here is rarely other than olive-brown, but in one or two of the
freshest specimens the green is still visible.
The range of this species seems to be severely limited, in that
respect showing a strong contrast to the closely allied D. livornica,
Esp., and Cherocampa celerio, L., both of which are common South
African species. On the other hand C. neri, L., and C. son, Cram.,
seem to be rare. Another widely distributed species, not too common
in that district, is Sphinx convolvuli, L.; and Acherontia Atropos, L.,
is as usual in ill repute with bee keepers ; and not only with them, for
the “bite” of the poor harmless creatures is there believed to be
poisonous !
Sphingomorpha Monteironis, Butler.—My correspondent speaks of
this as the “fruit moth,” and says that there is a legend that it damages
the fruit, but in what way does not seem clear. It is a grand creature,
in some degree allied to the Plusie, but of more than double the size
of almost any of them, the fore-wings sienna-brown marbled with
black, the transverse lines black, angulated and looped to a great
degree, the thorax and abdomen dark brown, but with a dividing pale
yellow stripe commencing on the head and ending at one of the hinder
segments of the abdomen. But its most extraordinary ornament is an
enormous tuft of yellow hair-scales upon the under-side of the fore
tibie of the male, spreading out like a fan when the leg is drawn
forward, and almost as long as the portion of the leg to which it is
attached.
Metachrostis nigrivitta, Hampson.—“ You can shake these out of
the cypress trees at any time; they hide during the day always on
these trees, but they fly by choice at dusk.” This is one of a group
of small broad winged Moctwe which is very fully represented in
South Africa. Its attachment to the cypress appeared to me to be
rather curious, but a portion of the tree sent with a dozen of the
moths seemed convincing.
Cerocala vermiculosa, H.-S.—“ One of the little boys caught this
on the ground in the open veldt in bright sunshine.” This beautiful
moth, something like the European C. scapulosa, Hb., but having
handsomer and more elaborate markings, does not seem a likely species
to seek the sunshine. Perhaps it was hiding upon the ground.
Osteodes turbulentata, Gn.—‘ This moth is very common upon our
side of Middle Drift. I do not remember to have seen it at the other.
November, 1898.] N OV Z 9 189¢ 241
I was seeking a little shade under the gum trees (which, by-the-by,
are planted Australian trees, not native), and these moths fairly
obtruded themselves. They fly up, and then quickly settle again upon
the ground, both fore- and hind-wings raised quite perpendicularly
and close together over the back. At this time there was no grass to
speak of; since then there has been rain, and I find the moths, not
upon the ground, but clinging to the grass under a bush with the
wings in the same perpendicular position, flying up and settling quickly
in the same manner.” This moth is extremely plain on the upper-side,
pale straw colour, without markings, except a broad smoky hind mar-
ginal band to the fore-wings, and sometimes to the hind; but the
under-side is often much more ornamental, the broad band of the
fore-wings repeated, and the hind-wings beautifully striped in a longi-
tudinal direction ‘with reddish-brown dusted with darker. This,
however, is not invariable, some specimens are devoid of markings on
the under-side, while others possess them in a small degree. When
well marked this species readily calls to mind our Fidonia piniaria, L.,
which places its wings when at rest in precisely the same manner.
Some of the remarks upon butterflies seem also to be worthy of
record.
Sarangeza motozoides, Holland.“ It led me a pretty chase. I
was going down the steep river bank this afternoon to cross the river
on stepping stones, when a small butterfly flew past and alighted where
I could scarcely reach it on the sunny bank; I tried, and almost suc-
ceeded, but not quite! I saw it again, but could not get it, so crossed
the river to the native kraal for which I was bound. Coming back
after crossing the river with fear and trembling, I bethought me to
look again for the butterfly that had puzzled me—disturbed it from
the sunny bank, it settled, and I nearly had it, but it flew away and L
started for home; but had the curiosity to examine another warm
sunny spot on the other side, and there secured it.” This calls to
mind another occasion in which one of the boys catapulted a magnifi-
cent moth which was flying on the opposite side of the river, and,
leaving his brother to watch, went round to the ford, crossed and
secured it. It proved to be Pleretes bellatrix, Dalman; rich tawny-
yellow or orange with blue-black stripes, a veritable “Tiger” moth,
and, considering the treatment it received, in very fair condition.
Danais Misippus, L. (Diadema bolina, L.) 2 var.—“ We found the
larva on a fleshy flat weed in the ‘lands,’ it was of a sepia tint with
darker bristles, each bristle branched into tufts of four or five. It
x
242 [November,
spun up almost at once, suspending itself. I took the butterfly at
first for D. Chrysippus, but it is quite different from the common
form.”
This is a splendid example of one of those curious brown varieties
of the female D. Misippus, which bear so startling a general resem-
blance to D. Chrysippus, L. It, however, has the sub-apical spots of the
fore-wings pale brown ; other examples have them white, and still more
nearly resemble D. Chrysippus. The pupa is very similar to that of a
Vanessa, but stouter, and has projecting bristly horns nearly a quarter
of an inch in length. The food plant was probably a Portulaca.
Planema esebria, Hew.—“T send the chrysalis and food plant.
Harry brought these home. The plant is like a thin straggling nettle,
with bristles all along the stem, and the caterpillars bear a comical
resemblance to the plant. They are greenish-brown, thin and wiry,
with rows of spines like those on the plant stem. The plant grows
in a deep ravine, clematis growing up into the trees, and the butterflies
sporting round it. The change from caterpillar to butterfly occupied
nearly a month.”
This butterfly, closely allied to Acrea, with long fore-wings, has
all the wings brown-black, except an oblique white or yellow bar
beyond the middle of the fore-wings, and a large similar dorsal blotch
which is continued across the hind-wings as a very broad white or
yellow band. Its pupa must be very pretty, for the dried skins are
pellucid white, the head, eyes, palpi, tongue and legs all narrowly
outlined in slender black lines, and the wing eases plentifully striped
with the same, while down every side of the abdominal portion is a row
of conspicuous black rings or loops. The hairs on the cast larva skins
are extremely branched and bristly.
39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E.:
September, 1898.
ON A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS APROZAREMA, Den.
(= ANACAMPSIS, Avct., NEC Crr.), FROM ENGLAND.
BY EUSTACE R. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.
APROHREMA VINELLA, spec. nov.
Antenne fuscous-black, strongly and sharply annulated to the tips with bright
pale ochreous. Palpi, middle joint externally fuscous-grey, internally pale greyish-
ochreous, terminal joint long, recurved, pale greyish-ochreous, conspicuously striped
longitudinally with blackish-fuscous. Face pale grey or pale greyish-ochreous.
Head greyish-fuscous. Thorax and tegule concolorous with fore-wings. Fore-
1898.] 243
wings rather glossy, fuscous-black, tinged with violet and minutely speckled more or
less with pale scales; cilia, basal half fuscous-grey, speckled with black, apical half
paler grey, unspeckled. Exp. al., 105—11 mm. Hind-wings satiny-grey ; cilia
brownish-grey. Aldomen greyish-fuscous. Legs, externally deep fuscous, very
distinctly ringed with white at all the tarsal and the hind tibial joints, internally
much paler.
Type, & 3 (selected out of 16 specimens), Mus. Bnks.
Hab.: Exatanp—Sussex (Brighton).
An examination of the very long series of examples bred and
eaught by Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher shows that this species is decidedly
variable, but only in one direction. In the commonest form, which
has been selected as the type, the fore-wings are unicolorous except
for the minute pale scales which a lens reveals, but individuals occur
in which there is a small white spot on the costa at about two-thirds of
its length Another form shows a small dorsal white spot opposite
this costal one, which latter is then the more strongly pronounced,
whilst in the rarest and most remarkable variety yet known, for which
I propose the name fasciata, these opposite spots are replaced by a
complete but rather obscure whitish fascia: the tendency towards this
form of variation seems stronger in the female than in the male sex.
A. Vinella, which I have so named in compliment to my friend,
Mr. A. C. Vine, of Brighton, who was the first to discover it and
has done much excellent work among the Lepidoptera of Sussex, is
closely allied to anthyllidella, Hb., but is easily separated from it by
its uniformly darker colour, which is more particularly noticeable in
the hind-wings, and by the fact that it has not as a rule any pale
costal or dorsal spots, and when these are present they are white,
whereas anthyllidella as a rule has pale opposite spots which are
ochreous. Vinella is also obviously distinct from all the allied foreign
species that are to be found in the Frey, Stainton, Walsingham, and
Zeller collections.
The larva, which I have not yet seen, feeds on Genista tinctoria,
and Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher, who believes that there are two broods in
the year, tells me that it spins two leaves of its food-plant either flat
together or attaches them to the stem, and feeds on their inner sur-
faces, readily moving from one such habitation to another. Larve
which he found near Brighton in October and November, 1892, were
sleeved out in his garden on a plant of Cytisws racemosus, which,
however, was killed during the winter by severe frost, and in March,
1893, it was found that the surviving larve had already pupated, and
the moths emerged early in the following summer. It is probable that
xp)
244, LN ease
such early maturity was due to the abnormal conditions under which
the larve were kept, for Mr. Vine believes that in nature they
hibernate in that stage, since he finds them nearly full-fed at the end
of April. Mr. Vine first made the acquaintance of the insect in
1886, when he both bred and captured specimens in the neighbourhood
of Brighton in July. By sweeping amongst Genista tinctoria in the
late afternoon and evening in the same locality Mr. Fletcher has
taken the imagines at large on August 2nd and 7th, 1890, June 15th,
1893, August 23rd, 1895, and July 29th, 1896, and on August 2nd,
1890, he swept up a pair 77 cop.
Mr. Vine, assuming that A. Vinella must be immaculatella, Dgl.,
has sent out a few specimens under this name, but in a paper by
myself, which will shortly follow this one, and will clear up the
mystery surrounding zmmaculatella, I shall be able to prove that these
two species are totally distinct.
The Rectory, Corfe. Castle :
July 16th, 1898.
P.S.—Sinee the above was in print, Mr. Vine has kindly supplied
me with some further information about the life-history of 4. Vinella.
He says that the larve which he finds becoming full-fed im the latter
part of April pupate at once, and produce imagines during May, and
that the larve of the second brood feed in June and July, and the
moths emerge in July and August, worn examples occurring at large
even in September. There seems no doubt that in Nature the insect
hibernates in the larval state.—H. R. B., October 16th, 1891.
“ HORN-FEEDING LARY.”
vide “ Nature,’ LVITI, 140-1, figs. (No. 1493 : 9, WI, 1898) ].
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.B.S., de.
(wITH NoTE BY J. HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S.),
Mr. W. H. MeCorquodale contributed a note under the above
title to “ Nature,” and figured the skull and horns of a Hartebeeste
showing the protruding cocoons of a Tinea which he identified as
Tinea vastella, Zeller. He stated that the skull of the Hartebeeste
figured was received from West Africa, and yet he wrote on p. 141—
“ The habitat of the moth was generally supposed to be Africa, but
Sir George Hampson showed me some specimens which he had col-
lected in various districts in India.”
Micro-Lepidopterists had “ generally supposed” the habitat of
this moth to be Africa for the following reasons :—
1898.] 245
(1). In 1852 Zeller described it as Euplocamus (Scardia) vastellus,
his type is before me and is labelled “Caffraria,”’ which confirms Zeller’s
published note, “ Habitat in tractibus fluviorum Limpoponis et
Gariepis.”
(2). In 1860, when Stainton redescribed this species as Tinea
gigantella, he stated that his types were from Knysna (Cape Colony).
(3). Walker, in 1863, created another synonym when he described
specimens of the same species from the Cape as Tinea lucidella.
(4). Specimens received from Africa are not uncommon; the
labels on the long series in my collection show that the species occurs
in the Sudan, Natal, Cape Colony, Mashonaland, and Delagoa Bay
(specimens from Kilima Njaro perhaps represent a closely allied
species). J have seen others from the Transvaal, it is known to occur
in Gambia, and the skull and cocoons figured by Mr. McCorquodale
were obtained from West Africa, while a pair of horns from Natal
with protruding cocoons (similar to those figured) has long been ex-
hibited in the British Museum (Natural History) presented by
myself.
Before adding Tinea vastella to the Indian list a careful study of
the maxillary palpi is necessary ; a critical examination of the Indian
specimens will probably convince Mr. McCorquodale (as it has already
convinced me, and I may now add Sir George Hampson also) that
they differ in structure from the true vastella.
T am acquainted with at least five Indian species closely allied to
vastella, one of which (orientalis, Stainton) is also a horn-feeding
species, and the others probably have similar habits. Micropteryx?
unicella, Walker, is a Tinea belonging to this group, and sacerdos,
Walsingham, has probably light coloured varieties; two species are
at present undescribed, but they are provisionally labelled hockingz,
MS. (this is probably the same as the Indian specimens in the British
Museum series of Jucidella), and minchini, MS.
It would be rash to say that vastella does not occur in India, but
there is not an Indian exponent of that species in my collection, nor
have I been able to recognise vastella among the numerous Indian
specimens of this group that I have seen.
So far I have only dealt with a statement which, as it stands,
conveys an impression contrary to fact; but nearly all the remainder
of Mr. McCorquodale’s note is also misleading.
Tt is not stated whether he observed the larva, but as he describes
the imago it would at first sight appear that he had bred it. Believing
_ that the Kilima Njaro specimens, referred to above, represent a species
with similar habits closely allied to but distinct from vastella, the de-
2I4G { November,
scription was studied with care in the endeavour to ascertain whether
Mr. McCorquodale’s species was vastella or jacksoni, MS. On reading
“pale gilded ochraceous,” and again “abdomen extending much beyond
the hind-wings,” the language struck me as familiar, and the descrip-
tion of a mere accident of setting was obviously “ Walkerian.” A
reference to Walker’s description of Tinea lucidella | British Museum
Catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera, vol. XXVIII, p. 474 (1863) |
proved that the description given by Mr. McCorquodale is a copy
word for word of Walker’s original, but the punctuation has been
slightly varied ; the author should certainly have stated this, if only
to prevent unnecessary research. At the conclusion of his communi-
cation he remarks :—“ I am indebted to Lord Walsingham, who kindly
gave me some very useful notes, he having himself written a few years
ago on the subject.” The reference to my paper “ On the Yortricide,
Tineide and Pterophoride of South Africa” [Trans. Entomological
Society of London, 1881, pp. 238-42] was distinctly useful, for Mr.
Haliday’s remarks on Dr. Fitzgibbon’s observations were given in a
compact form, and from this paper was obtained the information given
to me by Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Wenham Coke and Mr. Roland Trimen
(not “Truman”). The use of the inverted commas are very mis-
leading, for the passages are not exact quotations but précis-work.
With the exception of the figures and a few unimportant remarks
Mr. McCorquodale’s note is not in any part original; even the con-
clusion that “the question must, however, remain sub judice” was
anticipated in 1881 by my remark “the question must be considered
to be ‘ sub judice.’ ”
Merton Hall, Thetford:
30th September, 1898.
[Those who devote their time to compiling Indexes willingly give
references from their MSS., and they have a right to expect that the
information obtained by their help should be published in such a form
as will render it unnecessary for the Indexer to reduplicate his work
by analysing the paper to rediscover the origin of his own references.
When, at Lord Walsingham’s request, I extracted from our MS. Index
of the Aicro-Lepidoptera the references, &c., to Tinea vastella, I ap-
parently omitted to state that Mr. Trimen exhibited on May 4th,
1881, at a Meeting of the Entomological Society of London, specimens
of this species, “the larvee of which had fed in an inkstand fabricated
from a hoof of the late Prince Imperial’s horse, from which multitudes
of the insect appeared” [vide Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,
XVII, p. 20 (1881) ].—Jno. Harriry Durrant].
1898.] OAT
HYPERETES GUESTFALIOUS, Kousr, A GENUS AND SPECIES OF
APTEROUS PSOCIDZ NEW TO BRITAIN.
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.
Within the last twenty years several new genera and species of
apterous Psocide, allied to Atropos and Clothilla, have been described
in Germany, chiefly by Kolbe and Bertkau. No doubt these are still
passed over as only immature conditions of winged forms. But in
addition to differences in thoracic structure, the number of joints in
the antenne is always greater. The tarsi are always three-jointed,
and it is stated that in the early conditions of the winged forms the
tarsi are always two-jointed, even where they are three-jointed in the
imago. One of the most conspicuous of these apterous forms is
Hyperetes questfalicus, Kolbe (Jahresb. westfalischen prov. Vereins fir
Wissenschaft, 1879—80, p. 182, fig. 22). I have little doubt this insect
is to be found almost anywhere in Britain. It was originally supposed
to be attached to Abzes excelsa. Conifers always afford grateful shelter
to Psocide, but this species has since been found in Germany on
various trees. ,
One day this autumn when Mr. C. A. Briggs visited me, I called
his attention to the figure of Hyperetes, and he soon after found the
insect plentifully on an old beech in the Valley of the Rocks near
Lynton ; and acting on my suggestion that it was probably in his own
garden at Lynmouth, he succeeded in finding it there on Quercus lex.
September, October and November are given as the months for its
appearance. Kolbe’s original description of the genus is as follows
(translated) :—
HY PERETES.
Without rudiments of wings. Antenne 23-jointed. Head large. Eyes pro-
minent. Palpi short, last joint short, securiform. Mandibles short, bi-apical,
internally much sinuate with a moveable tooth at the base. Labrum narrow, semi-
circular. Meso- and metathorax separated. Abdomen with nine segments.
The description of the species I take from Kolbe’s appendix to
Rostock’s “ Netzfliigler Deutschlands,” p. 190, because it is later than
the original.
H. GUESTFALICUS.
Grey to brownish, dappled in a variegated manner. Vertex whitish-grey, with
two brown longitudinal lines and a small marking in the middle. Palpi whitish,
last joint brownish. Thorax above with brown lateral lines. Metathorax with a
short median longitudinal line. Abdomen above with scale-like spots, which are
arranged in longitudinal lines: these spots are variable, red, brown and white.
‘Two median pale longitudinal lines. Legs whitish, femora at the apex with one, and
tibize with two, brown rings: tarsi whitish. Length, 2 mm.
248 [November,
From the few examples I have examined it would appear to be a
variable insect, but very remarkable from the peculiar dappled nature
of the markings on the abdomen.
A more critical generic description is given by Hagen* in th
Stett. ent. Zeit., 1883, pp. 315, 316, and he there describes a North
American species (H. tessulatus), which he suggests may not improbably
be identical with the European. In fact, in some points Hagen’s de-
scription suits the British insect better than Kolbe’s; the specific
description (pp. 316—819) is gone into with great detail, and includes
many points that are more of generic than specific value.
Now that attention is called to these minute forms in this country,
it is reasonable to suppose that others will be discovered here.
There exist also mature apterous forms more closely allied to the
winged forms, and with about the same number of joints (18) in the
antenne (such as Bertkawia, Kolbe, Leptella, Reuter, &c.), and these
have two-jointed tarsi. The risk of confusion with immature condi-
tions of winged forms is here greater, and the distinction seems mainly
to lie in the thoracic structure. Moreover, it must be remembered
that occasionally (Kolbia, Bertkau, Mesopsocus, Kolbe, &c.) the ¢ has
ample wings, whereas the ? is apterous, or nearly so, and is also
without ocelli. Our very common Elipsocus (Mesopsocus) unipunctatus
is a case in point.
Lewisham, London:
October, 1898.
ON NEUROPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. MALCOLM BURR
IN WALLACHIA, BOSNIA, HERCEGOVINA, &c., IN JULY AND
AUGUST, 1898.
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.8., &.
During a tour this summer in Eastern Europe, that energetic
young entomologist, Mr. Malcolm Burr, collected a few Mewroptera,
which he has presented to me, and which I have pleasure in noticing
here, because there are two or three species of special interest, and
also because very little is known of even the most common species of
the districts visited.
PLANIPENNIA.
Birracus Hacent, Brauer :—Comana (sometimes spelt Komana), Wallachia, July
12th, 1g. Of special interest in the local distribution of the species (¢f. ante
p- 233).
* Hagen (p. 318, pl. ii, fig. ii, 2) describes and figures a bristly knob on each side of the ~
mesothorax at the outer angles, which probably represents an aborted wing stump. This is
clearly indicated in a camera lucida sketch sent to me by Mr. Morton, who was unacquainted
with Hagen’s description, but it is not alluded to by Kolbe.—R. MeL.
1898. } 249
PALPARES LIBELLULOIDES, L.:—Blagaj near Mostar, Hercegovina, August 3rd,
3 Oe
MACRONEMURUS APPENDICULATUS, Latr.:—Blagaj near Mostar, August 3rd,1 ¢,
OF
ASCALAPHUS KOLYVANENSIS, Laxm.:—Comana, July 12th, 1 ¢.
CHRYSOPA VULGARIS, Schnd.:—Bufta near Bucarest, Wallachia, July 14th, one
example.
ODONATA.
ORTHETRUM ALBISTYLA, Selys:—Comana, Wallachia, July 12th, 2 g. Not, I
think, previously recorded from the district.
ORTHETRUM CANCELLATUM, L.:—Bucarest, July llth, 1 9; Comana, July 12th,
1 9; Blagaj, August 8rd,1 9.
This and the preceding species are closely allied structurally. The males of
albistyla noticed above are fully adult, and have the slender form and pale appendages
peculiar to the species, whereas the females appear to be very decidedly cancellatum,
having all the characters of that species; the female example from Comana is im-
mature, and yet has the anal styles deep black, whereas they remain pale in all
stages of maturity in albistyla.
ORTHETRUM BRUNNEUM, Fonse. :—Illidzo, Bosnia, July 26th, 1 3.
ORTHETRUM Ramevuril, Selys:—Illidzo, Bosnia, July 26th, 1 g¢; Bufta, Bucarest,
July 14th, 3 2. Probably not before recorded from the district.
The male seems to agree entirely with others from Algeria: the females are
immature, but I think the identification is correct, though it would have been more
satisfactory to have had both sexes from each locality.
SYMPETRUM FLAVEOLUM, L. :—-Igm4n near Slidze, Bosnia, July 21st, 1 g; Illiazo,
July 26th,1 g,1 2.
SYMPETRUM SANGUINEUM, Mill. :—Blagaj, August 3rd, 1 9.
ANAX FoRMOstS, V. d. L. :—Blagaj, August 3rd, 1 3.
HEMIANAX EPHIPPIGER, Burm.:—In a street at Cetinje in Montenegro, second
week in August, 1 2. An interesting capture.
The home of this species is Africa (but extending into Asia), and it has to be
proved that it breeds in Europe. It has been recorded from Moldavia, from Mar-
seilles, and a large migratory swarm was observed in Piedmont by the late M. Victor
Ghilliani. Quite recently an example was caught near Ziirich by Dr. Ris, and
another in the street at Brussels.
CALOPTERYX SPLENDENS, Harris :— Bosna Brod, Bosnia, July 17th, 1 ¢ of the form
having the apex of the wings narrowly pale, intermediate between the “race
septentrionale”’ and the “ race méridionale ” (aanthostoma, Charp.).
AGRION PUELLA, L.:—Igma4n near Slidze, July 21st,1 g.
ERYTHROMMA NAJAS, Hansm.:—Bucarest, July 11th, 2 ?.
LESTES VIRENS, Charp. :—Comana, July 12th, 2 ¢.
estes BARBARA, F. :—Bucarest, July 11th, 1 g,1 9; Comana, July 12th, 1 9.
At Budapest (Hungary), en route, Mr. Burr took Chrysopa phyllochroma,Wesm.,
Sympetrum meridionale, Selys, and Lestes barbara, F.
Lewisham, London:
September 24th, 1898.
250 [N emer
NOTES ON A NEST OF BOMBUS HORTORUM, RACE
SUBTERRANEUS.
BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
I have recently (September 10th) received from Mr. W. H. Tuck,
of Tostock, Bury St. Edmunds, the contents of a nest of Bombus
hortorum, race subterraneus. The bees had selected a mole’s nest to
rear its young in, which was situated “ quite five feet away from the
entrance hole,” and, according to a diagram sent me by Mr. Tuck,
about a foot and a half beneath the surface of the ground; the nest,
which was formed of dried leaves, he says swarmed with Dipterous
larve of all sizes, and also contained two Oryptophagi, and two other
beetles. The bees sent consisted of eight large 9, 20—22 mm., of
the usual dark variety, having traces of paler hairs on the pronotum
and scutellum, and the fourth abdominal segment only clothed with
dusky whitish hairs; three large ? , 20—22 mm., entirely black (var.
Harrisellus), fourteen smaller (3) (var. Harrisellus), varying much
in size from 15 down to 9 mm., and a corresponding series of nineteen
§ of the white-tailed form, having, besides the pale hairs on the
pronotum and scutellum, a more or less defined band on the apex of
the first abdominal segment. All the specimens of this latter variety
of the ¢ have both the 4th and 5th segments of the abdomen clothed
with white hairs, differing in this respect from the ?s, which have
pale hairs on the 4th segment only, and these hairs of a more yellowish
tint than those of the §; in looking at the specimens in my collection,
I find this character holds good in all I have ; I cannot find any 2 of
the subterraneus race which has the 5th segment white, nor any ° with
it black. In the nest were two males, one a brightly coloured one of
the ordinary hortorum and subterraneus type, and the other a Harris-
ellus. Unfortunately, the whole contents of the nest were not
secured, as the bees were not stupefied on account of the distance the
nest was from its entrance hole. Mr. Tuck had poured in a wine-
glass full of turpentine the previous evening, but it had very little
effect on the bees, and he had to catch them as they emerged ; he
thinks, however, that he secured most of the females and workers, but
that many of the males escaped. The brightly banded ¢ was taken in
cop. with a Harrisellus, 9; I have a similar pair in my collection
found together by the late Mr. C. G. Hall at Dover. It would be in-
teresting to ascertain whether the colour difference between the
females and workers observed in this nest are always maintained. Of
course it is a very variable species, and every shade of: variation
1898. 951
between the black and banded forms occurs, but it was new to me to
find the workers of a nest all alike, and of a different type of
colouring to the females ; it is possibly an analogous case to that of
the effects of stylopization. In the latter, where the ovaries are
affected by the parasite, and more or less atrophied, the tendency is
for the ° to resemble the J, and it is not, therefore, improbable that
the workers of a nest, which are only females with undeveloped
ovaries, should in the same way tend to assume the ¢ livery ; this, of
course, in this case being on the assumption that the male was of the
banded white tailed var., and not a Harrisellus.
St. Ann’s, Woking:
September 16th, 1898.
XYLOCORIDEA BREVIPENNIS, Revter: A NEW GENUS AND
SPECIES TO THE LIST OF BRITISH HEMIPTERA.
BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.8.
For the capture of this very interesting addition to our fauna we
are indebted to Mr. Claude Morley, who took three specimens of it
under the bark of hawthorn bushes in Richmond Park on the 2nd of
last March. It was first described by Reuter in Petites Nouvelles
Entomologiques, ii, p. 55, and subsequently in his Monographia An-
thocoridarum Orbis terrestris, p. 146, in which its capture is recorded
from France (Paris and Hyéres), Spain and Italy (Naples and Vorno
p- Lucca).
Generically it may be distinguished from Xylocoris, its nearest British ally, by
the shorter 1st and longer 2nd joints of its rostrum, by the long 4th joint of the
antennz, which is much longer than the 3rd (this latter being unusually short), and
by the more remote position of the eyes from the anterior margin of the pronotum,
as well as by its abbreviated elytra.
It is an elongate, rather flat insect, with very shining black head, thorax and
abdomen with a few scattered long hairs, and dull, slightly paler elytra; the eyes
are situated nearly in the centre of the sides of the head, being about equidistant
from the apex of the pronotum and of that of the face; the 2nd joint of the an-
tenn is pale and slightly thickened, and dusky towards the apex; pronotum narrow,
with a slight apical constriction, lateral margins carinated, slightly reflexed and
curved, tending to become sinuate just before the posterior angles, which are acute,
base widely emarginate ; elytra, about as long as the pronotum and half the head,
dull, with the embolium alone shining, clothed with a sparse suberect pilosity, mem-
brane reduced to a mere strip; abdomen a good deal wider than the elytra, suboval ;
legs, with the femora, blackish-brown, tibie slightly paler. L., 2°5 mm.
St. Ann’s, Woking:
October 18th, 1898.
252 [November,
COLIAS EDUSA, &c., IN THE ISLE OF SHEPPEY.
BY JAMES J. WALKER, RB.N., F.LS., &c.
In this locality Colias Hdusa has been observed in sufficient
numbers to constitute 1898 at least a second-rate “ Hdusa year.” The
first specimen of the season (a ¢\) was noticed by me in a busy part
of Chatham Dockyard on August 16th; and on the 20th it appeared
in our Sheppey lucerne-fields, sparingly, it is true, but I find that
more than two dozen examples have been taken by the local collectors
up to the middle of September. Of those I have seen, some of the
females are remarkable as well for their size as for the width of the
dark border of the wings, which, in one instance, is almost devoid of
the usual pale spots. C. Hyale has not been seen this year, as far as
can be ascertained.
Of the other species which are more or less irregular in their
occurrence in Britain, a few Pyrameis cardui were seen by me on our
cliffs on June 12th, their worn and travel-stained appearance bearing
eloquent testimony to a long flight from more sunny climes; and, as
usual, they were accompanied by Plusia gamma, in equally worn con-
dition. The offspring of these immigrants appeared ‘about the third
week of August in our lucerne-fields, in abundance and superb con-
dition; and even now stragglers of both species may be seen on
bright days.
Some half dozen specimens of Sphinx convolvuli have fallen
into the hands of the collectors here, and I have heard of several
having been taken at Chatham. Nearly all seem to have been picked
up casually at rest about the middle of September, and most of them
are in worn condition. Two fine larve of Acherontia Atropos—
“tater-dorgs,” as the Sheppey rustics invariably call them—have also
been obtained this autumn in the potato fields.
The floods of last November have proved very disastrous to two
of our Sheppey specialities, Clistocampa castrensis and Acidalia emu-
taria, both of which have been exceedingly scarce this year. The
eggs of the former species, which are laid in the same manner as those
of C. neustria on the stems of salt-marsh plants, were probably
washed away, in most cases, into situations quite unsuitable for the
larvee ; and the best locality for A. emutaria was totally destroyed by
the breaking down of the sea-wall, and its subsequent repair.
Porthesia chrysorrhea has been fairly abundant in all its stages
in the locality where it was found last year, and I have seen several
1898.] 2538
broods of the larve on the hedgerows at a considerable distance from
the main colony ; while the number of white webs on the sloe bushes,
in which the young larve are snugly ensconced for the winter, give
fair promise that the species will be at least as plentiful in the coming
year 1899.
23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
October 7th, 1898.
Colias Edusa near Guildford.—I can answer the editorial question as to the
whereabouts of this species, as far as one specimen is concerned, having seen
one in a field near Guildford on the 4th of this month.—R. M. Pripravx, 105,
Reigate Hill: September 30th, 1898.
Colias Edusa near Land’s End.—In reply to the query on page 231 of the
Ent. Mo. Mag., as to “where is C. Hdusa this year?’ it may be of interest to note
that I saw this species on September 2nd and 4th last at Sennen Cove, near Land’s
End.—C. Barrier, Ingleside, 58, Woodstock Road, Bristol: October 4th, 1898.
Acronycta alni at Clifton—Two larve were found this year by a friend of
mine ; one in Clifton feeding on weeping willow, the other in Leigh Woods crawling
amongst grass. I took a Plusia festuce at light on July 23rd; this is a rare species
for this neighbourhood.—Ib.
Xanthia ocellaris, Bkh., &c., at Woking.—1 had the good fortune to capture a
slightly rubbed specimen of this rarity at sugar in our garden about 6.30 p.m., on
September 28th. Mr. Barrett has seen the specimen, and agrees that it is the above
named species. Amongst other things taken at Woking this year I might mention
Epunda nigra and Polia flavocincta, several of which have been taken at sugar,
and Hnnomos erosaria and fuscantaria at light. I have also taken four caterpillars
at sugar, one of which was Dianthecia capsincolaa—H. A. SAUNDERS, St. Ann’s,
Woking: October, 1898.
Second brood of Lycena Alsus.—In Mr. Barrett’s work on the Lepidoptera of
the British Islands, vol. i, he states with regard to Lycena Alsus that evidence of
its being double-brooded in this country appears to be wanting. It may, therefore,
be of interest to know that I captured several specimens during August of this year
on the top of the hill between Swanage and Durlston Head, They were in fine
condition, and fully as large as the specimens usually occurring in spring.—Gro. C.
GrirFitus, 43, Caledonia Place, Clifton, Bristol: October 2nd, 1898.
Lycena Lycidas in the Zermatt Valley.—I am anxious to make it known that
L. Lycidas is to be found at St, Nicolas. On July 18th of this year I took six
5A (November,
specimens; Mr. Backmaster also secured some afterwards. Since it has, I believe,
on one occasion been reported from Visp, it appears probable that it may be found
in suitable localities all along the Zermatt Valley, as well as at Berisal. St. Nicolas
is very good hunting ground, and many other good things are numerous. Unfortu-
nately I left the afternoon of the day of my captures, and was not able to follow up
my success. But with the railway up to the door of a most comfortable and
moderate hotel (‘The Grand,’ Otho Zumofeen, Proprietor), and in the centre of
the Zermatt Valley, St. Nicolas is,as some know, a very El Dorado for entomologists.
—F. EK. Lowe, St. Stephen’s Vicarage, Guernsey : September, 1898.
Bombus Smithianus near Rye.—I happened to be in the marshes near Rye on
August 25th, when the marsh mallow was blooming profusely on the banks of the
ditches. The flowers were very attractive to the males of several Bombi, the
commonest being B. terrestris, lapidarius, and a bright yellow species which, on
examination, proved to be B. Smithianus, pale form. I visited these marshes again
on September 8th, when this species was again found to be quite one of the commonest
on the wing. On neither occasion did I take a single male of the very similarly
coloured B. venustus, which in most places in the south is the only species of the
two met with. I took, however, on the last occasion two workers and a female—
the former on marsh mallow, the latter on lucerne, which, under the circumstances,
I feel convinced are genuine specimens of B. Smithianus. The female is a larger
and more heavily built insect than females of venustus from this neighbourhood, the
hairs are denser and more even, and on the abdomen much more erect than in
venustus. It is entirely clothed with pale hairs, of a yeilower tint than in venustus,
with the exception of the bright fulvous patch on the dorsal surface of the thorax.
This fulvous patch is brighter than in venustus, and it extends over a smaller area,
being surrounded by the pale yellow hairs, a broad band of which in front and
another behind, each shading off into the fulvous, gives both sexes of this pale form
of Smithianus a very distinct appearance. Two females which I took in a field of
late red clover near Kingsdown in September, 1895, agree with the female taken at
Rye in the above particulars, and I think there can be no doubt that they are also
examples of Smithianus, especially as this species is not unknown from this neigh-
bourhood, the Rev. F. D. Morice having taken two males at Kingsdown in August,
1892. <A very dark worker of B. venustus, with the hairs on the thorax almost
black, fell to my net at St. Margaret’s Bay in August last. The dark variety of
venustus is, I believe, rare in this country.—F. W. L. Siapen, Ripple Court, Ring-
would, Dover: September, 1898.
Since the above was written my brother has brought me some Bombi he has
just taken at Mount Cassel, Flanders, amongst them two females exactly similar to
the one described above, a male of Smithianus being in the batch, while there was
not one of venustus, though several of agrorum. A worker received from Friese,
and labelled “muscorum (= cognatus, Fabr.)”—both of which names seem to be
applied to this species on the continent—-has also a very distinct ring of yellow hairs
surrounding the patch of fulvous in the centre of the thorax, and one might almost
be tempted to consider this a specific character by which B. Smithianus could be
easily recognised, were it not that in its typical form found in Shetland—in which
1898.] 255
the shape of the armature seems to be almost the only character common between
it and its southern relative—not a trace of any pale yellow setting to the fulvous,
which is of a much richer tint, can be found.—F.. W. L. S.
Callicera enea, F., in the New Forest in 1898.—In vol. xxv, p. 126, of this
Magazine, Mr. G. H. Verrall recorded the capture of three specimens of Callicera
@nea in different parts of England during 1888, and remarked he thought this year
would rank amongst Dipterists as the ‘‘Callicera”’ year. This proved correct for
some time, as during the following eight years only two were recorded, but in 1897
seven came under my notice taken in the New Forest alone. This fine record,
however, has now been beaten, nine specimens having been secured in the same
district during the summer of this year, eight of which were netted by myself and
one by Mr. C. W. Dale. Six of my specimens (3 ¢ and 3 9) were taken on July
2nd at Rhinefields, where (although so late in the season) most of the rhododen-
drons were still in bloom, and I netted the first one soon after entering the ride on
the same bush where I saw, but did not secure, Callicera last year. Then three
more were added to the bag in about as many minutes, and the fifth was taken
shortly afterwards, when, to use a fly fishing expression, “the rise was over,” and I
never saw another until I took the sixth about three hours later. The first five were
all taken upon one bush without moving a yard, and so rapidly did they appear that
two were netted with two sweeps right and left and boxed together. On July Sth
I took one 9 in Brick-kiln Enclosure on dog rose, and on August 11th another 9 in
the same place on a late flowering bramble which, owing to the very hot and dry
weather, was almost the only plant left in bloom.—Frepx. C. ApAms, 68, St.
Ermin’s Mansions, 8S.W.: October, 1898.
Mallota eristaloides, Lw.,in the New Forest in 1898.—This fine Dipteron seems
to be spreading in the New Forest, as this year I met with it in three fresh localities,
viz., Coxlease, Brick-kiln and Bolder Wood Enclosures. The first two it is true
are not far from Park Ground, where I took the first recorded British specimen
(a 2), but the latter is four miles away, and two miles distant from Rhinefields,
where Col. Yerbury and myself took several last year, which all proved to be males.
This year I collected six, of which three are fortunately females, as follows :—one
9, June 28th, Coxlease, settled on dwarf oak; one 9, June 29th, Bolder Wood, on
Portugal laurel bloom; two g, July 1st, Brick-kiln, on dog rose; one ¢, July 2nd,
Rhinefields, on Portugal laurel; one 2, July 5th, Brick-kiln, on dog rose; and in
addition to the above I saw quite as many more, chiefly on dog rose, which were
missed through one or other of the temper-trying incidents so well known to col-
lectors. There was a wonderful show of blossom on the wild roses this year, the
scent of which seems very attractive to Mallota, and the fly was still out when I
left Lyndhurst on July 9th, but I did not hear of any being taken during my
absence of a month.—Ip.
Coleopterous notes for August.—August, more especially in a hot dry summer
like the past, is usually considered a very barren month for the collector ; I have,
however, during the few days I have given to collecting, been very fortunate in my
- captures.
256 [November,
From August 14th to 19th I was staying at Sandown, Isle of Wight, there I
found Staphylinus stercorarius, Ol., flying in the hot sunshine, but nothing else
worth recording. A day at Blackgang Chine on the 17th, with the help of my wife
and niece, secured a good series of Cicindela germanica, L., a beetle easily enough
seen, but most difficult to secure, from its extraordinary speed in running, especially
when the temperature is between 120° and 130° in the sun. The cliffs at Luccombe
produced Bledius atricapillus, Germ., in all its stages in the utmost profusion, the
cliffs being perfectly riddled with the borings; B. spectabilis, Kr., occurred with it
in more scanty numbers, I have always taken this insect before on sandy marshy
flats on the shore.
August 20th was spent at Wicken Fen with Mr. F. Bouskell and Mr. H. Donis-
thorpe, on a hunt for Oberea oculata, L.: we all three secured a good number of
this handsome Longicorn by persistent work, the day being exceptionally favourable.
During the Zoological Congress, Mr. Donisthorpe and I went out on the 24th to try
our luck on the Devil’s Dyke, Swaffham, for Harpalus obscurus, F., though the hot
dry weather was against us, I turned up one after a few minutes’ work, and we
eventually secured seven in all. I kept mine alive for a few days in glass tubes to
allow them to mature, and one of the four ate its way out through half an inch of
cork during the night and escaped; he thoroughly deserved his liberty.
From the 27th to 31st I was again at Sandown, here Aphodii were becoming
very common, and I secured a single specimen of Geotrupus vernalis, L. The after-
noon of the 3lst was spent on the Bembridge flats, here I took a solitary specimen
of Bledius tricornis, Herbst, while Tachys scutellaris, Germ., both species of
Dichirotrichus, and many other Harpalini, were in abundance. Turning over a
plank lying in long dry grass I saw a number of beetles, which I at once recognised
as something new to me, they bolted off in every direction into the grass, but,
helped by my niece (Miss Banks), I managed by careful work to secure five fine
specimens of Anisodactylus peciloides, Steph. I have come across no record of the
capture of this insect since one by Mr. Champion some 28 years ago (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. vi, p. 231); it must be very scarce in most of our modern collections.—T.
Hupson Brarz, King’s Road, Richmond: September 21st, 1898.
[ A. peeciloides was found in plenty by Mr. W. Holland last year at Bembridge,
but not recorded.—G. C. C.]
i Coleoptera near Bridgend.—With the aid of a bicycle, I have been able this
season to explore an interesting bit of the Glamorgan coast near Bridgend, in the
parish of Merthyr Mawr, the most prolific ground being the sand-hills close to the
ruins of Candleston Castle. There is a tiny valley running through the fir woods
(which have been planted to prevent the drifting of the sand), with a stream, which
in summer loses itself in the sand. All the species mentioned below occurred here :—
Tachypus pallipes, swarming in June and July on the sand; Bembidium palli-
dipenne, common, and preying on the myriads of Bledius arenarius; Dyschirius
politus, a dull var., generally reddish towards the apex of the elytra; Georyssus
pygmaeus, very common; Bledius subterraneus, rare; Parnus nitidulus, several,
buried in sand at roots of small plants; Anisotoma dubia, not uncommon, and a
1898.] 257
single Cyrtusa minuta; Saprinus rugifrons, common under horse-dung and in dead
rabbits ; Hippuriphila Modeeri, very common, on Lquisetum ; Gronops lunatus and
Sibinia primita, fairly common; Bagous lutulentus, var. nigritarsis, several ex-
amples: Mr. Champion has kindly named this for me, as well as several others ;
Tychius squamulatus, rare, on Lotus corniculatus—B. Tomuin, Llandaff: Sep-
tember 21st, 1898.
Nebria complanata, Linn., at Briton Ferry.—I found this species on September
21st locally abundant near Briton Ferry, in Dillwyn’s old locality, under logs, old
boots and hats, &c., on the sea-shore. They are very fond of hiding in the crevices
of the wood, but do not seem to burrow in the sand as Broseus does, which was
swarming in the same place. Colonies of 4—6 were frequent, and in one case I got
15 together. When unearthed, they ure not in any hurry to run, trusting
apparently to their protective colouring, but when once off they go like the wind.
The only other species of importance that I got was Hypera fasciculata.—IDb. :
September 23rd, 1898. i
Coleoptera at Llanfairfechan, North Wales.—During a stay of a fortnight at
the above North Wales resort in June last I spent some time in looking up the
Coleopterous fauna of the neighbourhood. No doubt this locality would prove to
be rich in Coleoptera if worked systematically, as there is no lack of variety in the
collecting grounds to choose from. ‘The sands by the sea are extensive, and bordered
here and there by marshes of a brackish character, in which Pogonus chalceus and
Dichirotrichus pubescens abound; several streams flow from the hill sides into
these marshes, and there are hills of considerable elevation (2000—8000 ft.) within
three or four miles of the town. Through the frequency of rain storms I was forced
to give up the idea of collecting on the high ground, excepting for a very short time
on two occasions, and the only species of interest noticed were Nebria Gyllenhali,
Myllena infuseata, M. brevicornis, and Lesteva pubescens, out of moss by the side of
a tarn, and Corymbites eneus (2), under stones, this latter species being probably
about over. About the hill side streams, a short distance from the town, several of
the riparial Homalote were found, including 4. currax, H. pavens, H. cambrica
(common), H. fragilis, H. eximia, H. hygrotopora, and, besides these, Ginypeta
cerulea (2), Bembidium tibiale and B. prasinum, and single specimens of Agathidium
nigrinum and Amphicyllis globus, var. ferrugineus, under stones in the bed of a
stream, these latter possibly carried there when the stream was swolien by heavy rain.
In the marshy ground by the shore the following were taken:—Trechus lapidosus,
Cillenus lateralis, Homalota orbata, abundant in marine refuse, and H. macrocera
(1), in dead bird, Uyllena Kraatzi (1), under a stone, Ocypus ater, and Heterocerus
sericans. At those points where the streams from the hills entered the marshes I
found Cryptohypnus dermestoides, with the variety quadriguttatus, very plentiful
beneath stones, and they appeared to prefer those stones which covered the closely
matted roots of the quitch grass (Triticum repens). Cryptohypnus maritimus was
found very sparingly under stones on the banks of streams. The sweeping-net was
- not much used, the following being the only species, other than quite common ones,
taken by that means:—<Aleochara ruficornis (3), Syntomium wcneum, Autalia pune-
Y
258 [November,
)
ticollis (1), Throscus dermestoides, Corymbites quercus, Hydrocyphon deflexicollis,
Khinoncus castor, and Psylliodes chaleomera.—H. Gro. Hitman, Chesham, Bucks :
October 14th, 1898.
Note on a small varietal form of Dyschirius eneus, Dej., oceurring in the Isle
of Wight, 4e.—Canon Fowler has recorded (Col. Brit. Islands, i, p. 24), the capture
by himself at Luccombe, in April, 1885, of a single example of a narrow form of D.
@neus, with the sides of the thorax less rounded than usual. Last July I found
about a dozen specimens of this form in the same loeality—in sand, kept moist by a
trickle of fresh water-—-unaccompanied by typical examples, and as they seemed
to differ constantly from D. eneus, I sent one of them to M. Bedel for examination.
He informs me that he does not possess any specimens like them, and suggests that
they may be referable to D. remotepunctatus, Putz., described from a single indi-
vidual found by the side of salt water on the coast of Holland, an insect now
regarded as synonymous with D. @neus. These Luccombe specimens do not quite
accord with Putzeys’ description of D. remotepunctatus (Aun. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1866,
p- 83), all of them being smaller than any typical D. eneus in my collection, whereas
Putzeys gives the length as 43 millim. They agree, however, in having the thorax
and elytra relatively narrower than in D. @neus, approaching D. salinus, Schaum,
in this respect. The elytra are finely striate, the strie with somewhat widely
separated five punctures. Mr. J.J. Walker has also met with this insect at Swanage.
—G. C. Cuampion, Horsell, Woking: October 10th, 1898.
Emesa mantis, Fabr.: synonymical note-——I have recently had occasion to
examine the type of this species in the British Museum, and find that it certainly
belongs to the genus Westermannia, Dohrn, it being, in fact, closely allied to the
Central-American E. annulata, Dohrn, from which it differs in its smaller size and
more slender form, and in having the elytra more mottled with fuscous, and the
blackish annulations of the legs not so broad. . mantis, with some other Fabrician
species, was not identified by Dohrn in his Monograph of the Hmeside, and
Lethierry and Severin, in their Catalogue géneral des Hémiptéres Hétéropteéres, iii,
p- 76, place it amongst the “ species incerti generis.”” The insect was first described
by Fabricius [Ent. Syst., iv, p. 190 (1794) ] under the name Gerris mantis, no
locality being mentioned; subsequently [Systema Rhyngotorum, p. 263 (1803) ] he
included it in his genus Hmesa, and gave “ Americe Insulis”’ as the locality, in both
cases stating that the type was in the British Museum. Confirmatory of this
habitat, it may be noted that the Museum also possesses a recently captured speci-
men of the same species from Jamaica, received from Mrs. E. M. Swainson. The
original example is not labelled with any locality.—Ib.: September 30th, 1898.
The Stainton Entomological Library.—From the report of the Meeting of the
Entomological Society of London that appears in this No., it will be seen that the
late Mrs. Stainton bequeathed to the Society such books in the Library that it did
not already possess. It is well known that the nucleus of the Library consisted in
the books purchased by Mr. Stainton from the executors of J. F. Stephens, but it
was largely added to, especially in works treating on Micro-Lepidoptera. The
Society has made a large selection; but the greater part remains, and we understand
that it will shortly be sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby.—Eps.
1898.] 259
Societies.
BIRMINGHAM ENToMOoLoGiIcAL Soctery: August 1st, 1898.— Mr. G. T.
BETHUNE-BAKER, President, in the Chair.
Mr. John Levick, Livingstone Road, Handsworth, was elected a Member of
the Society.
Mr. C. J. Wainwright showed a series of males of Volucella inflata, taken on
hawthorn bloom in the New Forest last June. Mr. R. C. Bradley, a dark specimen
of Cidaria corylata from Sutton; also a specimen of Pemphredon, probably lugubris,
with a parasite on the disc of each wing. Mr. R. G. B. Chase, Amphydasis betu-
laria, var. Doubledayaria, from Edgbaston. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, referring to
the last exhibit, and the increase of melanism, said that whilst at one time the black
variety of Gracilaria syringella was a rarity, it is now quite common in the
neighbourhood of his house at Edgbaston; also that he remembered a time when
the black form of Miana strigilis was also uncommon locally, the common form
being like the type; now, however, the black form was common. Mr. C. J. Wain-
wright said that in his experience the black form of the latter species was the only
one occurring locally now. Mr. A. H. Martineau, Ammophila hirsuta from Tenby,
South Wales, where it was taken by Mr. Chase. Mr. G.T. Bethune-Baker a number
of species of Palearctic and tropical butterflies, Charazxes, Libythea, &c.
September 19th, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. R. C. Bradley showed a specimen of Brachypalpus bimaculatus 2 from
Sutton, taken on July 3rd this year, and said that the species was exceedingly rare,
almost the only other captures he knew of being two males taken in Sherwood Forest
in 1892 by himself and Mr. C. J. Wainwright. Mr. A. H. Martineau, Ammophila
sabulosa, bred from a pupa found in the New Forest last June; also Spilomena
troglodytes and Stigmus Solskyi from Solihull, two species which he said were
amongst the smallest of the British Aculeates. Mr. G@. W. Wynn, Cosmia affinis,
Numeria pulveraria, Cidaria silaceata, Hubolia cervinaria, a long, bred and very
beautiful series of Triphena fimbria, and a long variable series of Hydrecia nictitans,
all from Hampton in Arden; alsoa long, bred series of Cucullia verbasct from Wyre
Forest ; and a single specimen of Acidalia straminata also from Wyre Forest, which
he said was a new record for the district. Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, a series of
beetles from Cannock Chase, including Orchesia micans, Miscodera arctica and many
others. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, two drawers of palearctic Lepidoptera, containing
the genera Neptis, Junonia and Limenitis.—CoLBRan J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Sec.
The Meetings of this Society will be held from this date in the Norwich Union
Chambers, Congreve 8S. O., Birmingham. LEntomologists are at all times made
cordially welcome.
THe SoutH LonpoN EnromotocicaL AND Naturan History Socrery:
July 14th.—Mr. R. Apxin, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. H. Shortridge Clarke, F.H.S., Sulby Vicarage, Isle of Man, was elected a
Member.
Y 2
260 4 [November
Mr. South exhibited a series of Lyeena Corydon to illustrate the variation in
the number and arrangement of the spots on the under surface ; also a series of
forty-two Spilosoma lubricipeda, comprising thirty-five vars. zatima — radiata, and
seven typical males, all reared from ova laid by a dark female zatima. Mr, Moore,
a dwarf specimen of Polyommatus Icarus from Folkestone. Mr. Lucas, specimens
of Libellula quadrimaculata, showing considerable variation in the size of the dark
spot, and also in the amount of the saffron coloration. Mr. West (Greenwich), a
short series of the local Hemipteron Lopus flavomarginatus from Abbey Wood.
Mr. Dennis, the egg of Polyommatus Icarus under the microscope. It was com-
parable to a beautiful white double Dahlia. Mr. Adkin read a report of the Field
Meeting held on June 11th at Reigate.
September 8th, 1898.—Mr. J. W. Tutt, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Little, 17, Belgrave Street, King’s Cross, was elected a Member.
Mr. F. Clarke exhibited some very admirable photographs of the eggs of
Lepidoptera sent to him by the President ; they included those of Hrebia Embla,
Chionobas Jutta, Polyommatus bellargus, P. Icarus, Gonepteryx rhamni, and
Spilosoma menthastri. Mr. Edwards, specimens of Abraxas ulmata var. from
York; it was stated that neither on the present occasion nor when the var. was taken
years ago did the ova produce dark imagines like the parents. Mr. West, specimens
of Forficula Lesnei from Box Hill and Reigate, at both of which places it was
common. Mr. Lucas, a series of the local grasshopper, Mecostethus grossus, from
the New Forest, where it had this year occurred in some numbers; he kindly pre-
sented a pair to the Society’s collections. Mr. R. Adkin, a series of Smerinthus
tilia, and remarked on the variation to be seen in the central band. Mr. Turner, a
yellow variety of Callimorpha dominula, bred from a Deal larva this year; bred
specimens of Myelois cribrella from Benfleet, where the larvee were most abundant ;
a bred example of 4. grossulariata from Camberwell, having the space internal to
the marginal spots of a brownish tinge, the rest of the wing surfaces being normal ;
and a series of Aglais urtice bred from larve taken at Box Hill, and fed up ina
greenhouse, having the usually large black blotch on the inner margin of the fore-
wings either entirely absent or represented by a few black scales. Mr. Moore, a
series of well marked blue females of Polyommatus Icarus from Folkestone. Mr.
Mansbridge, a series of specimens set to show the under-side of the female of Plebius
Aigon, selected to illustrate the ordinary range of variation in the species as it
occurs in St. Leonard’s Forest. My. Montgomery, an exceedingly fine dark suffused
male aberration of Dryas Paphia, one of two bred from ova. Mr. Ashby, a tiny
aberration of P. Corydon from Riddlesdown, and a female of P. Hgon from Oxshott
showing blue splashes. Mr. Bishop, a beautiful bred series of Geometra vernaria
from Guildford. During the interval in which the Society could not meet, the
rooms have been renovated, and the electric light introduced.
September 22nd, 1898.—The President in the Chair.
Myr. R. Adkin exhibited a short series of Dianthecia nana (eonspersa) from
Shetland, and read notes on their variation ; he also exhibited, on behalf of Mr.
1898.) 261
Reid, of Pitcaple, a long series of Teniocampa gothica, the result of breeding from
selected parents through some four generations, and read notes on the variation ; a
very distinct form of variation of Abraxas grossulariata, in which the black
markings were absent from the central areas of all the wings, the discoidal marks
only being present; a series of Melanthia bicolorata, v. plumbeolata; and very fine
examples of Pachnobia hyperborea (alpina) from Perthshire. Mr. Lucas, speci-
mens of five of the less common species of British Dragonflies, viz., Sympetrum
sanguineum and Libellula fulva from Sandwich, Kent; S. flaveolum and 4ischna
mista from Ockham Common; and Agrion mercuriale from the New Forest.
Mr. Tutt, a large number of Zonosoma annulata (omicronaria), bred by Dr. Riding
from selected parents, to show the hereditary nature of the absence of the annulus ;
some 75 °/, of the imagines bred were without the annulus on the fore-wings.
The President, for Mr. Thornhill, a curiously marked specimen of Huchloé car-
damines from Cambridge, having two wings curiously clouded with black; and,
for Mr. Manger, a box of insects of all Orders, captured at sea, among which
were Deilephila livornica, Chaerocampa celerio, Macroglossa stellatarum, Patula
macrops, Abraxas perampla, and Acridium peregrinum. Mr. Dolman, a wonderful
specimen of Abraxas grossulariata, taken on a tree trunk by a boy, in which the
black markings were normal, but the ground colour of a uniform deep orange ;
and ova of Aporia crategi from Dover. Mr. Hall, several specimens of an ant
found in the burrows of Sesia sphegiformis. Mr. West, of Greenwich, bred speci-
mens of Podisus luridus and Gonocerus venator, both from Box Hill. Mr. Turner,
a bred series of Porthesia chrysorrhea from North Kent larve, and a larva of
Dicranura bifida. Mr. Dennis, the ova of Thecla w-album under the microscope.—
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Seo.
EntomotoaicaL Socrery or Lonpon: October 5th, 1898.—Mr. R. TRimMeEn,
F-.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. T. B. Fletcher, of H.M.S. “Centurion,” China Station; Mr. Claude Fuller,
of the Department of Agriculture, Cape Town; Mr. Alexander Greenshields, of 38,
Blenheim Gardens, Willesden, N.W.; and Mr. Oliver J. Janson, of Cestria, Clare-
mont Road, Highgate, N.; were elected Fellows; and Mr. John W. Downing, of
45, Trevelyan Road, Tooting Graveney, S.W., was re-elected a Fellow of the Society.
The President announced, with deep regret, the deaths of Mr. Osbert Salvin,
F.R.S., a Member of the Council; and of Dr. EK. Candéze, a Fellow of the Society,
which had taken place since the previous meeting. The President also announced
that the late Mrs. Stainton had bequeathed to the Society such entomological works
from her husband’s library as were not already in its possession. This bequest was
of great importance, and would add over 500 volumes or pamphlets to the library,
many of which, formerly in the library of J. F. Stephens, were old and now scarce.
Among the more important additions were copies of Clerck’s “‘ Icones insectorum
rariorum,”’ Say’s “ American Entomology ” (1817)—a work of extreme rarity, Goeze’s
“ Entomologische Beytrige ’—complete, Donovan’s “Insects of New Holland,”
Linngeus’s “Systema Nature,” ed. x, Godart and Duponchel’s “ Lépidoptéres de
262 (November,
France,” Harris’s “The Aurelian,” ed. i, and Sepp’s “ Nederlandsche Insecten.”
There were also numerous modern works dealing with the Lepidopterous fauna of
Europe. Mr. J. J. Walker exhibited a black form of Clytus mysticus, L. (var.
hieroglyphicus), taken by Mr. Newstead at Chester, where about one per cent. of
the specimens were of that variety; also a black variety of Letopus nebulosus, L.,
from the New Forest. Mr. Tutt, an example of Huchlée cardamines, irregularly
suffused with black markings, and a series of local varieties of Lepidoptera from
Wigtonshire. Mr. 8S. Image, a specimen of Acidalia herbariata, taken in South-
ampton Row. Prof. Poulton showed and made remarks on specimens of Precis
octavia-natalensis and Precis sesamus. These strikingly dissimilar insects had been
shown by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall to be seasonal forms of the same species ; from
two eggs laid by a female of the first mentioned (summer) form he had bred one
imago resembling the parent, and one which was of the blue sesamus form. On
behalf of Dr. Knaggs, Mr. South, a series of Dicrorhampha, the synonymy of which
was discussed by him and Mr. Barrett, D. flavidorsana, Knaggs, being shown to be
a good species. Mr. Barrett exhibited and made remarks on specimens of Lozopera
Beatricella, Wals., from Folkestone, and the allied species. Mr. Porritt, examples
of Arctia lubricipeda, obtained by continued selection of the parents, and probably
the darkest ever bred in this country. Mr. Adkin, a long series of Teniocampa
gothica, to show the results of breeding by continued selection, and some remarkable
forms of Abraxas grossulariata from Pitcaple. Mr. F. Merrifield read a paper,
illustrated by a large number of specimens, on “The Colouring of Pupex of P.
Machaon and P. napi, caused by exposing the pupe to coloured surroundings.” The
pupe of both species were found to be modified by the surroundings of the larva,
the effect being extremely marked in the case of P. napi. When the larve of the
latter species were kept in a cage half orange-coloured and half black, all but four
of the pupe on the roof of the orange-coloured side were green, with very little dark
spotting, and all the pupe on the roof of the black side were bone-coloured, with
numerous dark brown spots. He regarded the phenomenon as protective. The
exhibit was discussed by Prof. Poulton, who showed a similar series of specimens,
and observed that he found the rays near the D line of the spectrum had the greatest
influence upon the incipient pupe, the effect diminishing towards either the red or
the violet ends. The effect therefore appeared to be one of luminosity. Mr. Bateson
stated that his own experience fully confirmed Mr. Merrifield’s results, but he was
unable to see how the green coloration of the pup could be protective, at least in
the winter brood. Mr. G. H. Verrall read a paper on “ Syrphide collected by
Colonel Yerbury at Aden,” the specimens, together with some rare British Diptera,
being exhibited by Colonel Yerbury. Papers were communicated by Mr. G. C.
Champion on “The Clavicorn Coleoptera of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grena-
dines,” based on the determinations of M. Grouvelle; and by the Rev. T. A.
Marshall, on “The British Braconide, Part VIII.”—W. F. H. BuanpForp and
F. MERRIFIELD, Hon. Secs.
1898. ] 263
NOTES ON THE UNIQUE “ARGYRESTHIA” DECIMELLA, Stn.
BY EUSTACE BR. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.
In his Sup. Cat., p. 10 (1851), Stainton describes as “ decimella,
m. sp.,’ and doubtfully assigns to the genus Elachista, a Tineid of
which a single specimen was taken by Mr. J. Jenner Weir on a fence
at Camberwell in June, 1850. In the I. B. Lep. Tin., p. 189 (1854),
where he treats of it further, he removes it from Elachista, and in-
cludes it in Argyresthia, adding, however, that he is ‘‘by no means
certain that it should be referred to this genus, but the structure of
the palpi, which remove it from Elachista, allow of its being placed in
the genus Argyresthia, and the rough head may have been rendered
invisible by the distorted mode in which the insect was pinned.’ In
the Ent. Wk. Int., vi, 9 (1859), we are told that it will be omitted
from vol. ii of the Manual because the author’s theory is that it is not
truly British, but was bred from some imported plant in a greenhouse.
When discussing nomenclature, Stainton used to confess how, being
at a loss for a name, he christened the insect decimella because it was,
as he says in the Sup. Cat., “skewered with a No. 10 solid-headed
pin”! At the sale of Mr. J. J. Weir’s collection at Stevens’ rooms
in May, 1894, this interesting Tineid passed into my hands, but, un-
fortunately, the pin had been cut off short close to the thorax, so that
there is great risk in trying to thoroughly examine the specimen, and
the abdomen had been entirely devoured by mites. The wings, how-
ever, are in fine condition, and the head (although almost too much
rubbed to help identification), with the antenne and palpi, is present.
A fair idea of the general appearance of the moth may be gathered
from the coloured figure of it published in F. O. Morris’ Nat. Hist.
Brit. Moths, iv, pl. exvi, fig. 6 (1870). To my great regret, I cannot
at present throw any light on the identity of the specimen: it has
been examined, as far as we dare to do so, by Lord Walsingham, Mr.
J. H. Durrant, and myself, but we cannot decide for certain to what
genus it belongs, though Lord Walsingham, probably correctly, believes
it to be a Lithocolletis; in any case, its facies is totally distinct from
that of any species known to us, nor can we suggest any insect of
which it might possibly be a queer aberration.
My object, however, in writing this note is to clear up a strange
confusion that exists in connection with it. In a paper in the Stet.
Ent. Zeit., 1864, p. 215, Dr. Wocke says that he met with a number
of specimens of an Argyresthia among juniper on a sandy slope on
the Romsdalsfjord, near Veblungsnaes, in Norway on July 31st, and
264 (November, 1898.
submitted three of them to Stainton, who identified them as 4.
decimella, Stn. : Wocke then proceeds to describe his insect in detail,
under the name decimella, from five specimens in good condition.
Now, in the Stainton continental collection is a single moth standing
as “ Decimella, Sta.,” and bearing a reference No. “2870,” which is
shown by the note book to mean that it is “Argyresthia decimella,” and
was received with other insects from Wocke on September 21st, 1863:
this then is obviously one of, or at any rate con-specific with, the three
specimens on which Stainton founded his determination of Wocke’s
Norwegian species as decimella. How he was led into such an error
must remain a mystery, for it does not bear even a superficial resem-
blance to the true decimella, Stn.! At any rate, he cannot have taken
the trouble to compare the Norwegian specimens with the original
type of decimella, which was in the collection of his friend, J. J. Weir.
His mistake is the cause of Wocke having entered “ Norway” as a
habitat for A. decimella in Staudinger’s and Wocke’s Catalogue (1871),
and of Meyrick’s remark, HB. Br. Lep., 765 (1895), “A. decimella,
Stt., a North European species, is said to have occurred once near
London; the specimen may probably have been introduced with
plants.”
I am unable to refer Wocke’s Norwegian Argyresthia with cer-
tainty to any species known to me, but from a comparison of the
single example in the Stainton collection with a selected series of con-
tinental forms of A. abdominalis, Z., it seems possible that it may be
a dark northern variety of this species; the pattern of the markings
is exactly identical, though their colour is, in the Norwegian insect,
very much browner than in any recognised forms of abdominalis that
I have seen. It seems clearly advisable for the present to regard it
as a possible variety of abdominalis, for we have not sufficient justifi-
cation for describing it as ”. sp.,and even if, owing to its slender
palpi and narrow hind-wings, we definitely exclude the unique
decimella, Stn., from the genus Argyresthia, Wocke’s definition of his
Norwegian insect as Argyresthia decimella cannot stand, because
the name is homonymous by erroneous adoption. A. inauratella,
Tngstr., which Wocke (J. c.) says was unknown to him, is very closely
allied to abdominalis, but I have failed to find specimens of it in any
of the European collections in this country, and, from Tengstrom’s
description, the markings appear to differ from those of Wocke’s
insect. The Swiss 4. Huguenini, Frey [MT. Schweiz., Ent. Ges., vi,
369 —70, No. 99 (1882) ], which also approaches abdominalis, is, as yet,
only known to me by name.
The Rectory, Corfe Castle :
September 17th, 1898.
~ re a i ° =
Dceember, 1898.] DE oA 1888 265
HPHEMERIDZ TAKEN BY MR. McLACHLAN IN THE DISTRICT OF
THE LAC DE JOUX (SWISS JURA) IN 1898.
BY THE REY. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S..
[The insects noticed below were taken during a stay in a little-
known corner of the Canton Vaud from July 25th to August 10th.
No systematic search for Ephemeride was attempted. Some general
notes on the district will be given later when dealing with another
group.—R. McLacutran].
EPHEMERELLA IGNITA, Poda.—2 9 im., rather small.
CNIS DIMIDIATA, Steph.—6 examples, not all adult. Abundant at Lac Brenet.
BAETIS RHODANI, Pict.—l 2? im.
BAgrIs sp. ?.—1 2 im., fragmentary.
BaETIS NUBECULARIS, sp. nov.
1 g im., defective in legs and scte.
Imago (dried) ¢. Thorax above pitch-black; at the sides browner and varied
with a lighter colour. Abdomen pitch-brown; after the 6th segment opaque, but
anteriorly translucent with narrowly opaque joinings. Sets whitish sepia-grey, the
joinings from certain standpoints simply opaque or else darker grey. Fore-leg
pitch-brown; the femur towards its lower edge lighter or translucent. Wings
vitreous; the fore-wing (as shown in
the annexed figure) tinted for some
distance at the apex with light pitch-
grey, and this more distinctly in the
pterostigmatic region,and the adjoining
portion of the submarginal area, than
elsewhere ; the stronger neuration pi-
ceous or bistre-brown, the two exterior ranks of cross veinlets anterior to the
preebrachial nervure being of the darker tint. Length of wing, 7.10 mm.
Hab.: Source de VOrbe, Canton Vaud; 1 g im., August 2nd,
1898 (McLachlan). The clouding of the wing is analogous to what
is seen in the North American Blasturus nebulosus, but is less rounded.
In being particoloured the wing differs from that of all other known
European species of the genus.
EPEoRvUS ASSIMILIS, Etn.—19 g im. Absolutely swarmed along the road between
the Source de l’Orbe and the town of Vallorbe on the afternoon of August 3rd,
during a succession of violent thunderstorms.
RHITHROGENA SEMICOLORATA, Curt—3 g,192im. One g has the wings hardly
at all tinted; another g exhibits typical colouration, and is matched by
the 9 ; the third ¢ is of the variety described as “Variation I” (the semi-
colorata of Pictet, not of Curtis) in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool.,
vol. iii, p. 257.
RHITHROGENA AURANTIACA, Burm.—1 ¢ im.
266 {December,
EcpyURUS HELVETIOUS, Ktn.—3 ¢ and 3 9 im., in company with Epeorus assimilis.
Eopyvurvs venosus, F.—1 g im., and perhaps1 g and 2 ? subim. Lac de Joux.
Ecpyvurvs FLUMINUM, Pict.—1 g subim. Lac de Joux.
EcpYURUS LATERALIS, Curt.—1 ? im.
Seaton, Devon:
September 23rd, 1898.
HOMALOTA (RHOPOLOCERA) CLAVIGERA, Scriza (CLAVICORNIS
Hpp.): AN ADDITION TO THE LIST OF BRITISH STAPHYLINIDZ.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
Some months ago Mr. E. G. Elliman, of Chesham, sent me a speci-
men of a peculiar Homalota for examination, and as the species was
quite unknown to me,I suggested that he should try and obtain more
of it. This he has now succeeded in doing, five examples in all
having been found by him at Tring, in rotten leaves, lying in a ditch,
at the base of one of the southern slopes of the Chiltern Hills. The
insect proves to be referable to H. clavigera, Scviba (Stett. ent. Zeit.,
1859, p. 414), subsequently described by Eppelsheim (Deutsche ent.
Zeitschr., 1878, p. 40) as a Gyrophena, under the name of G. clavi-
cornis, a widely distributed species on the continent, occurring rarely
in France (Mareil-Marly, near Paris), Germany, Austria, Hungary,
Italy, Transsylvania, the Caucasus, &c. Its principal characters are
sufficiently expressed in Scriba’s diagnosis: “Nigra, nitida, minus
dense griseo-pubescens, antennis validis apicem versus valde ineras-
satis, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis, thorace transversim sub-
quadrato, equali, abdomine supra segmentis anterioribus parce
subtiliter punctatis, posterioribus levigatis.”’ It may also be noted
that the head is much narrower than the thorax, and the thorax
narrower than the elytra, so that the body appears to be widened from
the head downwards, the general shape being very like that of Gyro-
phena strictula, Er. (as noted by Eppelsheim), except that it is much
narrower. The head is small and somewhat rounded, subparallel
immediately behind the eyes, and has a shallow longitudinal depression
or groove down the centre. The antenne are very short, not reaching
the base of the thorax, and strongly incrassate, joints 4—10 becoming
more and more transverse, 11 about as long as 9 and 10 united. The
abdomen is comparatively broad and parallel-sided. Some of the speci-
mens have the head more distinctly channelled, and these are probably
1898. | 967
males. In von Heyden, Reitter, and Weise’s list (1891), the Staphy-
linide were dealt with by Eppelsheim, and he places H. clavigera in
the genus Atheta, Thoms., subgen. Ceritaxa, Rey, which includes H.
testaceipes, Heer, H. dilaticornis, Kr., &e. Ganglbauer [Die Kafer
von Mitteleuropa, ii, p. 192 (1895)] makes H. clavigera the type of a
new subgenus, Rhopolocera, Ganglb.*
Mr. Elliman’s researches tend to prove that we have not yet
completed our list of British Homalote, long as it is already, this
being the second species he has added from his own neighbourhood.
Horsell, Woking :
November 1st, 1898.
QUEDIUS NIGROCZRULEUS, Muts.: AN ADDITIONAL BRITISH
RECORD.
BY CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.
In a box of insects recently sent me for identification by Mr.
Ernest Bedwell, of Lowestoft, I find a
ees single specimen of this extremely rare
Stes Momuelinus Maush.
Quedius. It was taken beneath a log by
“aoe a sluice on the beach, near a rabbit
% (ee dake ay warren, at Kessingland, Suffolk, on July
26th, 1898. This is the second recorded
Wyoturtes ic. British specimen. The first, it will be
remembered, was taken by Mr. W. H.
Tuck at Tostock, from the nest of Bombus hortorum (subterraneus),
and recorded by Mr. Champion in the Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. vii, 2nd
series, p. 50, who, however, gives no date of capture.
ft
After a careful comparison with its nearest allies I am decidedly inclined to
agree with Mr. Newbery, who has seen both the above specimens, that it is a good
and distinct species. Its main feature is, of course, the elytral colour (blue), pos-
sessed by no other member of the genus. From both Q. mesomelinus, Marsh., and
Q. fulgidus, . (= quadripunctatus, Thoms.), it differs considerably in size, reaching
nearly 13 mm. in length (Fowler limits the former to 10 mm., and the latter to 9
mm.) ; the head is proportionately much larger and squarer, and the frons quite
differently sculptured, being suddenly scooped out semicircularly between the points
of insertion of the antenne; the two punctures at the postero-interior border of
the eyes are present, but I doubt if this be a constant character. The development
of the mandibular teeth, of which I give a rough figure (3), is probably a good
specific feature. The antenne are deep black throughout, excepting the base of the
second joint, which is clear red, and oe Tanabe 4—10 much stouter and decidedly
* Since the : ahave ies were Srathes M. Fauvel hee Sbybenel one of the British specimens
and confirmed my identification of the species.
Z2
268 {December,
more transverse, and this makes the apical joint appear slightly shorter in propor-
tion, their general aspect being fusiform rather than cylindrical. The abdomen is
much more sparsely punctured and hairy in the centre of the dorsal segments.
From Q. mesomelinus, Marsh., it is distinguished by the elytra being shorter in
proportion to the thorax, with the sutural furrow slightly shallower, and the punctu-
ration, though scarcely closer, is certainly deeper. The four thoracic punctures are
present on,the side of the disc. From Q. fulgidus, F. (= 4-punctatus, Thoms.),
which appears to have the elytra constantly red, it differs in possessing no long setz
ou the lateral margin of the elytra near their anterior angle, and in having the
abdomen and scutellum entirely black with black pubescence.
From the above characters it would appear to claim specific rank,
which it was accorded by Mulsant and Rey in 1877, and by Acloque,
who is by no means too analytical, and prefers rather to unite than to
separate, in 1896. But v. Heyden, Reitter and Weise, in both the
1883 and last edition of their Catalogue, consider it a variety of Q.
Sulgidus, F.
Both the British specimens have been found in Suffolk, but under
extremely different circumstances, and its habits have yet to be dis-
covered. Possibly the Kessingland example had wandered from a
neighbouring rabbit burrow in search of prey, and ensconced itself
beneath the board during daylight. There would be little difference
to a Quedius, probably, between a bees’ nest and a rabbits’ hole, both
are subterranean, and both are dark and cool. The larva and imago
are said to live in caves, for which the above are very fair substitutes.
Mr. E. A. Butler has kindly sent me the Tostock example to examine,
and it agrees in every particular with that described, excepting in
length, being not more than 9 mm. long.
In the accompanying figures of the mandibles No. 1 represents
Q. mesomelinus, Marsh. ; No. 2, Q. fulgidus, F. (= 4-punctatus, Thoms.) ;
and No. 3, Q. nigroceruleus, Muls. and Rey.
Ipswich: October, 1898.
[Amongst the Quedii sent me at various times from Tostock, Bury St. Edmunds,
by Mr. W. H. Tuck, from the nests of Bombus and Vespa, I have found another speci-
men of Q. nigroceruleus, passed over by me for Q. mesomelinus, it having only the
faintest tinge of blue on the elytra. This example certainly has the elytra more
closely punctured than any specimen of Q. mesomelinus in my possession. The larger
and squarer head mentioned by Mr. Morley is no doubt a mark of the male sex, and
probably the frontal excavation also, corresponding sexual differences being observa-
ble in the allied Q. ventralis, Ar. (= truncicola, Fairm.); the frontal excavation,
however, is deeper than in the male of Q. mesomelinus. Unfortunately, I have
omitted to label this third example of Q. nigroceruleus with the data supplied by
Mr. Tuck at the time.—G. C. C.].
1898.] 269
ADDITIONS, &c., TO THE LIST OF BRITISH COLEOPTERA
DURING 1898.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
Several interesting additions to the list of British Coleoptera
having been recorded during the present year, it is worth while calling
attention to them, and also to note some few corrections that have
been made in the synonymy of others.
Harpalus Frelichi, Sturm.—Found in some numbers by Messrs.
Morley and Elliott near Martlesham Heath, four miles from
Ipswich (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 84). The two specimens
given me by Mr. Morley are considerabiy smaller than the one 1
have received from M. Bedel, from Northern France.
Homalota (Rhopolocera) clavigera, Scriba (clavicornis, Epp.).—Five
specimens of this very distinct species, the type of the subgen.
Rhopolocera, Ganglb., have been captured by Mr. E. G. Elliman
near Tring (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 266).
Quedius Kraatzi, Bris—Found in numbers by Messrs. Beare and
Donisthorpe at Chiddingfold, Surrey (Ent. Record, x, p. 196).
An interesting and unexpected addition to our list. I have met
with it in its original locality in the Eastern Pyrenees, in the
vicinity of Collioure, where it occurred on the banks of a small
stream, in company with Stenus Guynemert.
Homalium cesum, Grav., var. tricolor, Rey.—This is the insect known
in British collections as H. nigriceps, Kies., which name must be
erased from our list (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 16).
Cryptohypnus meridionalis, Lap.—Recorded as British by Mr. P. B.
Mason (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 207), upon the authority of a
specimen labelled “ Pegwell Bay,” in the late A. Matthews’ col-
lection. From its known distribution on the continent, it is not
likely to prove to be indigenous here.
Clytus mysticus, Linn., var. hieroglyphicus, Herbst.—This well-marked
variety of CO. mysticus has been found by Mr. Newstead near
Chester, and a specimen of it was exhibited by Mr. J. J. Walker
at the October meeting of the Entomological Society of London.
It is mentioned by Stephens (Illustr. Brit. Ent., Mand. iy, p.
243), but the varietal name hieroglyphicus has not hitherto
appeared on our lists. On the continent it is confined to
mountainous districts. I have taken the two forms in company,
at Campiglio, in the Austrian Tyrol.
270 {[December,
Orsodacna cerasi, Linn., var. glabrata, Fabr.—This variety of O. cerasi
has been recorded from Matlock (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 176).
Corticeus (Hypophleus) linearis, Fabr.—Found in numbers by Mr.
Heasler at Oxshott, Surrey, in pine trees, in the burrows of
Pityogenes bidens (Ent. Record, x, p. 176). ‘An unlooked-for
addition to our list.
Mordellistena neuwaldeggiana, Panz.—This name has five years’ priority
over that of WM. brunnea, Fabr. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 180).
Anaspis latipalpis, Schilsky.—Recorded as British from specimens
found at Shirley, Caterham, and Darenth Wood (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
xxxiv, p. 101). A. latipalpis is very like A. subtestacea, Steph.,
with which it is certainly confused in British collections.
Anaspis Coste, Emery.—This is the insect known to us under the
name A. flava, Linn., var. thoracica, Liun., neither of which is
found here (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 102).
Bagous lutosus, Gyll.—The insect doing duty for this species in British
collections is a large form of B. glabrirostris, Herbst (lutulentus,
Gyll.) (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiv, p. 52).
It is also worth noting that two of last year’s novelties have been
recorded from fresh localities during the present season, viz. :—
Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kr., from Guildford (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
xxxiv, p. 160); and Platystethus alutaceus, Thoms., from Chobham
(op. cit., p. 282).
Horsell, Woking :
November, 1898.
LEPIDOPTERA AT ELECTRIC LIGHT AT ZERMATT.
BY A. HUGH JONES, F.E.S.
Zermatt, like so many towns in Switzerland, is now lighted by
electric light, but the lamps are affixed to such high poles as to be
quite impracticable as a means for collecting Lepidoptera.
In front of the Railway Station, however, I found a solitary lamp
which would almost appear to have been erected by some enterprising
entomologist, so well was it placed, commanding a wide extent of the
valley, and suspended at just a sufficient distance from the ground to
be workable with the net. The lamp was of high power, and threw
a brilliant light over the square opposite the new Gorner Grat
Railway Station.
Taking one’s stand under the lamp, it was interesting to watch
1898.] 271
the numerous moths as they emerged out of the darkness, at first as
mere specks of silver. The electric light had a peculiar effect. Some
of the moths on reaching it would fly wildly round, then rest on the
metai rims ; others would at once take shelter on the ledges and in
the crevices of the building ; a large number appeared dazed, and fell
immediately to the ground. My companion, who worked the ground
and ledges, took far more interesting specimens than I captured with
the net.
The species observed were of a miscellaneous character—Sphinges,
Bombyces, Noctue, Geometre, Pyrales and Crambites were all repre-
sented. Some of the Geometre absolutely swarmed, and several
Noctue (especially that beautiful insect, Plusia v-argenteuwm) were
abundant. I worked the lamp (alight for about an hour only) for five
nights, viz., from August 15th to 19th.
The following is a list of the species captured :—
Deilephila euphorbia, two seen, one male captured.
Setina aurita, this day-flying species was not uncommon. Bombyx crategi,
one 2; B. neustria, not uncommon. Crateronyx tarazxaci, one ¢. Notodonta
dromedarius, one @.
Bryophila perla, one, dark form. Leucania conigera, several. Agrotis ocellina,
somewhat common; A. cuprea, one only, this is a common species, and is found at
rest on flowers in the day-time; A. segetum, fairly common; A. grisescens, several ;
A. decora, two specimens ; A. rectangula, one specimen; A. candelarum, two speci-
mens; A. lucernea, a few, a large and fine form. Mamestra furva, several. Hadena
Waillardi, one fine specimen; WH. lateritia, not uncommon; H. proxima, one
specimen. ZHpunda viminalis, several, dark form. Noctua augur, one specimen.
Xylophasia polyodon, one specimen. YLriphena fimbria, one specimen, light form.
Caradrina cubicularis, several. Dianthecia cesia, one specimen, light form. He-
liothis dipsacea, one specimen. Plusia illustris, one specimen, very fine; P. v-
aureum, one specimen, very fine; P. v-argenteum, very plentiful ; P. gamma, several.
Polia flavicincta, one very fine black form.
Ellopia fasciaria, ab. prasinaria, two 2, one exceptionally green in colour.
Crocallis elinguaria, one 2. WMetrocampa margaritata, one 2. Boarmia repan-
data, several. Gnophos glaucinaria, in swarms. ubolia bipunctaria, common.
Lobophora sabinata, common. Cidaria simulata, in swarms, larger and rather
darker than Rannoch specimens; C. variata, one specimen; C. galiata, one speci-
men; C. aqueata, several; C. eyanata, one specimen; C. russata, very common; C.
populata, large light form in great profusion. Larentia cesiata, very common.
Eupithecia sobrinata, in the greatest profusion; ZH. laquearia, one specimen.
Anaitis preformata, one specimen.
Hercyna phrygialis, one specimen. Botys aerealis, var. epacalis, one specimen.
Crambus lithargyrellus, one specimen; C. falsellus, one specimen; C. myellus,
one specimen.
Eltham, Kent:
October 17th, 1898.
PAT (Ps (December,
ON TWO SPECIES OF CALOPTERYGINZ FROM THE ISLAND OF
LOMBOCK, WITH VARIETAL NOTES.
BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S8., &c.
Euvruma Lara, Kriger.
This species has just been described by Herr L. Kriiger (Stett.
ent. Zeit., 1898, p. 181) from a @ from Sumba Island, and is remark-
able for its shining, uniformly brownish-yellow wings. In the point
of wing coloration its nearest ally is H. ochracea, Selys.
I possess a g example from the same locality that practically
agrees with Kriger’s description (the apical segments of the abdomen
absent). Length of posterior wing, 31 mm. (80 mm. according to K.) ;
21—23 antenodals in anterior wing (23—24. K.); quadrilateral without
nervule in each anterior wing, with one nervule in each posterior -
(without nervule in three of the wings. K.) ; nodal sector arising from
the oblique nodal nervule in the right wings and slightly before in
the left (‘ein wenig nach dem Nodus.” K.). The markings of the
thorax agree with Kriiger’s description.
Materials from adjacant islands tend to prove that the species is
subject to local variation. All my examples are @.
KurHm@a Lara, var. BALICA, var. n.
3. Length of posterior wing, 28 mm. (abdomen mutilated) ; 21—22 antenodals
in anterior wing ; quadrilateral with one nervule in all the wings; nodal sector
arising distinctly after the oblique nodal nervule; markings of the thorax apparently
as in the type from Sumba.
Hab.: Bali (Doherty, 1 adult ¢). °
The principal point in which this appears to differ from the Sumba
type-form is its smaller size; the character of the quadrilateral
nervule is of little importance, but it is remarkable that in both ex-
amples from Sumba there should be a tendency towards the absence
of any such nervules.
Kuru a Lara, var. LOMBOCKENSIS, var. n.
I have before me 8 males (7 adult and 1 immature), part of a
larger number collected by Herr Fruhstorfer at Sapit, Lombock, in
April, 1896. These appear to possess more marked differences than
the ¢ from Bali.
Length of posterior wing, 33—35 mm. Abdomen, 39—40 mm. (35 mm. in the
type-form. K.) ; 29—3i antenodals in the anterior wings ; one (or occasionally two)
nervules in the quadrilateral (absent in both wings on one side in one individual) ;
nodal sector arising distinctly before the oblique nodal nervule as a rule (at the same
point in one individual). The markings of the thorax are liable to be obliterated
1898.] 273
or indistinct in adult individuals, but in the immature it is seen that there is a broad
whitish ante-humeral band, which is curved and obtuse at its base, and anteriorly is
continued half the length of the thorax as a fine line (not connected with the basal
portion as in the type-form) ; on the sides are two broad whitish bands divided by a
black line at the metathoracic suture (in the Sumba form there is a fine humeral line
parallel with the ante-humeral, but separated from it by a fine black line on the
mesothoracic suture). The wings are only faintly tinged in immature examples.
By its large size and in other respects this seems to be a distinct
local form. As a rule I am disposed to deprecate the naming of
varieties in Odonata, but the Calopterygine lend themselves so much
to local variation, that such a process (especially in insular forms) is
here sometimes advantageous.
LIBELLAGO LOMBOCKENSIS, sp. %.
S (adult). Head and thorax deep black, with yellow markings: on the head
there is a large semi-ovate yellow spot at the corners of the mouth, almost connected
with a short broad line (obliquely divided into two parts) on the orbits; a minute
yellow point (sometimes barely visible) on each side of the base of the epistome ; on
the top of the head are six yellow points, viz., one on each side transversely in the
anterior portion, one on each side longitudinally in the median portion, and one on
each side posteriorly, subtriangular in form and widely separated, on the back of the
dark brown eyes: prothorax having its raised anterior margin yellow in the middle,
a yellow point in the middle of its posterior margin, on which is a large reniform
point on each side, anterior to each of which is a small (nearly obliterated) spot; the
hinder lobe forming a small semicircular lamina fringed with black hairs: thorax
having its anterior sinus short, broad and triangular, about one-third of the entire
length; the yellow thoracic markings are as follows:—a curved ante-humeral an-
terior line (broadest anteriorly) scarcely reaching to half the length of the thorax, a
narrow posterior humeral line, curved in the opposite direction, commencing above
the anterior wings and extending for more than half the length, a short, narrow
posterior line below the anterior wings, a broad band on each side (slightly constricted
in its middle) above the mesothoracic suture, not extending to the base, followed by
a similar, but shorter, metathoracic band abbreviated anteriorly, its end underlying
that of the superposed band; on the pectus the coxal insertions, a broad semilunate
transverse spot on the metasternal area anteriorly, and a similar narrower one pos-
teriorly, are yellow; interalar area spotted with yellow.
Legs black ; trochanters yellowish beneath.
Abdomen slender and attenuate, red (no doubt bright red in life) ; first segment
black, reddish in its middle posteriorly above, and with a large suborbicular yellow
spot on each side; genitalia of second segment black, and the sutures of the seg-
ments are narrowly black (scarcely evident on the posterior) ; 10th segment (reddish
in its middle above) and appendages black: superior appendages shorter than the 9th
segment, slender, forcipate, somewhat geniculate in the middle, beyond which the
apical portion is slightly clavate ; inferior appendages shorter, subcylindrical, the
apices incurved. Y
Wings narrow, hyaline, with black neuration ; pterostigma black, scarcely di-
274 [December,
lated, surmounting 4—5 cellules. 18—14 antenodal and 24—26 postnodal nervules
in the anterior wings, 2—4 nervules in the quadrilateral.
(adult). Markings of the head and thorax as in the 3, but the two. anterior
yellow points on the top of the head are very much larger (forming rounded spots),
and inside each is a linear yellow spot; the posterior prothoracie lobe more pro-
nounced. On the mesothorax the dorsal crest is finely yellow.
Abdomen shorter and stouter, obscure brown rather than red, the sides of the
second segment yellowish ; the sutures more broadly black than in the ¢, and there
are vague indications of subdorsal blackish bands; 8th to 10th segments blackish,
marked with brownish. Appendages longer than the 10th segment, black, linear,
straight, pointed: ventral valves slightly exceeding the 10th segment, acute, with
short black filiform appendages.
Wings proportionately broader than in the ¢, hyaline, uniformly tinged with
brownish fuliginous; 11 antenodal, 21 postnodal, nervules in the anterior wings; 2
interquadrilateral nervules in the anterior and 3—4 in the posterior (these are no
doubt liable to numerical variation).
Lengh of posterior wing, 6 2,27 mm. Expanse, 6 2,55 mm. Length of
abdomen, ¢,20mm.; 2,18 mm.
Hab.: Lombock (Sapit, 2000 ft., Hruhstorfer, April, 1896, 5 g,
2)
There is much in common between ZL. lombockensis and the de-
scription of LRhinocypha Brauert, Kriger, from Sumba (Stett. ent.
Zeit., 1898, p. 133), but the latter is smaller, and appears to differ
sufficiently in the colour of the legs, abdomen, &ec., &e. The Lombock
insect appears to me to be better placed in Libellago than in Rhino-
cypha.
The only other described non-African species of Libellago is L.
asiatica, Selys, from the Philippines, introduced in 1879. LZ. lombock-
ensis is abundantly distinct therefrom according to the description.
In comparing the Lombock species with those from Africa, in order
to see if there be any radical structural difference, I note that in the
neuration of it the only sector that is angulate (“fracturé”’) for nearly
its whole length is the “second of the triangle,” whereas in the African
forms several of the supplementary sectors are also distinctly angulate.
I know not if this difference exist in L. asiatica. It is present in
several species of the “tincta” group of Rhinocypha, which generic
term should probably be retained only for the species in which there
are fenestrate markings in the wings, such as fulgidipennis and its
allies, the indication of tincta as the type by Kirby, in his Catalogue
of Odonata appearing to be unwarranted, and contrary to the intention
of Rambur when he founded the genus.
Lewisham, London:
August 28th, 1898.
1898.] 275
OBSERVATIONS ON DRYOPHANTA DISTICHA.
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.
For many years I have searched for this gall, believing I should
recognise it by Dr. Mayr’s description, translated by Mr. Fitch in the
“ Entomologist” for August, 1876, and also described and figured by
Cameron in the Ray Soc. Vol. for 1892. This year I collected what I
considered, at that time, galls of dévisa, and from the upright sides I
thought they had been distorted by being inhabited by an inquiline or
parasite, but to my surprise and delight they proved to be those of
disticha.
The galls of disticha are very much like those of divisa, but can
be readily separated ; the former have their sides perpendicular, while
the latter are convex; or, in other words, divisa is in form like an
orange, while that of disticha would be like an orange grown or forced
into a cylinder, to make its sides straight, but on the top there is an
umbilical depression, which is not present in divisa,
In Cameron’s description of the fly he says, not easily separated
from divisa; in that species he describes the abdomen as black. Those
that I bred had the abdomen red, with a little black on the upper-side.
Seeing this, I sent a specimen to Mr. Fitch, who returned it, confirming
my opinion that it was disticha; for a further confirmation I sent flies
and galls to Professor Kieffer of Bitsch, who in reply said the insects
agreed with his specimens, and the gall with the typical form of D.
disticha. |
The gall of disticha I have seen annually for many years, as I
mentioned at the commencement of this paper. I thought it was
divisa from its general appearance, but I always observed that they
were found singly, very seldom two on a leaf, and more often only a
single gall on the same tree, whereas divisa is generally found in some
numbers on a leaf, and occasionally in quantities sufficient to bend
down the branch.
D. disticha occurs on the sapling oaks in Cann, Bickleigh and
other woods, covering many miles; I think it must be generally dis-
tributed, for I have had about a dozen sent me to name from St. Issey,
Cornwall.
The flies are difficult to obtain, as the galls are very much infested
with parasites.
In the translation mentioned above it says, “The gall-fly is de-
veloped late in the autumn; and, according to Von Schlechtendal,
leaves the gall in October and November; while Schenck gives spring
276 [December,
as its flight-time.” My first fly I bred on October 1st, and four on
the 8rd, since that time I have not bred any ; but on cutting open two
galls I found in each a full fed larva, I presume, therefore, that some
pass the winter in the larva stage.
The Ferns, Home Park Road,
Saltash, Cornwall :
November 10th, 1898.
A NEW BRITISH DIPTERON: CHROPLATUS SESIOIDES, WaAutB.?
BY FREDK. C. ADAMS, F.Z.S.
As far back as July 17th, 1894, I took on one of the windows at
Fern Cottage, Lyndhurst, a small “ Daddy,” which I submitted to Mr.
E. E. Austen for identification. After careful examination he informed
me it belonged to the genus Ceroplatus, and he had little doubt the
species was sesioides, Wahlb., but he did not like to speak positively
from a single specimen. This was a 9, and on September 3rd this
year I obtained a @, which was also found on another window of the
same cottage. Thinking Mr. C. W. Dale might have some types of
this genus in his large collection, I wrote to him, and he informs me
he has only C. lineatus, F., which = Platyura laticornis, Mg. This’
is a well marked insect, figured on Tab. 8, fig. 19, of Meigen’s Diptera,
and my specimens differ from it in every respect, except the distinctive
broad antenne and venation of the wings. Mr. Verrall gives C.
lineatus, F.., in italics in his list, to which I think “ sescocdes” may now
be added.
68, St. Ermin’s Mansions:
November, 1898.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF CARADRINA AMBIGUA.
BY GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.
As is well known, Caradrina ambigua occurred in great profusion
along the South Devon Coast in 1897. One of some specimens which
I received alive from Mr. C. M. Mayor, of Paignton, on August 21st
had deposited a few eggs in the chip box, and these were supplemented
by more each of the two following nights. They were placed in
urchin ”’-shaped, and strongly ribbed from
summit to base. When first deposited they were pale straw colour,
but on the second day a distinct brown spot appeared on the apex, and
irregular patches, were “
1898.] 277
some distance below the spot a ring of the same colour; they then
gradually changed to purplish, and by August 31st those first deposited
had become dull lead colour, and hatched out next day (Sept. 1st).
I took no further notes on the larve until January 15th of this year, by which
time they were three-eighths to five-eighths of an inch long; the autumn and
winter had been exceptionally mild, probably from which cause they had never
appeared to quite cease feeding, and the smaller form evidently represented an earlier
moult than the others. The larger larva, five-eighths of an inch (or even more) in
length, had a stumpy and uneven appearance when at rest, but when crawling were
moderately uniform in width, tapering a little anteriorly; the head has rounded
lobes, and is a little narrower than the second segment; the skin rather uneven, and
the warts being large and raised give it a still rougher appearance ; from each warty
prominence proceeds a short curved bristly hair.
Ground colour smoky-brown, the space on the dorsal area between the subdorsal
lines being paler and more ochreous, or, in some specimens, having a slight purplish
tinge ; head brown, with five still darker large brown spots or marks. The dorsal
stripe is composed of a series of somewhat arrow-head shaped marks, through which
runs an interrupted pale line, palest and most conspicuous on the second segment ;
the two warty tubercles on the posterior part of each segment and nearest the dorsal
stripe are usually black, the outer tubercles paler; from each of the outer tubercles
a short black streak extends anteriorly, but in a slightly downward direction, into
the subdorsal region, and forming broken subdorsal lines; a paler waved stripe
extends along the spiracular region, having on its upper-side a fine smoky edging, in
which are situate the black and distinct spiracles. Ventral surface, legs and prolegs
dingy olive-brownish, with faint indications of an interrupted paler central stripe.
The mild winter apparently did not suit the larve, for they gradually died off,
and by June 5th I had only one left, and as it had evidently assumed its adult
markings, though probably not full grown, I described it as follows :—
Length about three-quarters of an inch, and rather below the average bulk in
proportion; head small, the lobes rounded, and is the same width as the second
segment ; when at rest it is turned downwards, so that when the larva is viewed
from above the head cannot be seen; body cylindrical above, flatter beneath, of
fairly uniform width, tapering only slightly posteriorly ; skin smooth, but the tuber-
cles prominent, and from each of them springs a single short hair. Ground colour
stone-grey ; head a rather darker shade of the same colour, and having on the face
five large very dark marks; of these, two are on the bases of the lobes, two more
near the juncture where the lobes meet at the top of the head, and the fifth over
the mandibles; the dorsal stripe is composed of a rather conspicuous series of
arrow-head shaped olive-brown marks, the tip of each arrow-head black, and the
marks pointing posteriorly ; these marks are not so well defined on the four anterior
segments, where they become more of an olive-brown stripe, having through its
centre a whitish line ; a double olive-brown line forms the subdorsal stripe, and there
is a single line of the same colour along the spiracular region; the space between
the dorsal and subdorsal stripes contains a few streaks and dots of the olive-brown
colour, and the sides are still more variegated and marbled with the same; the
tubercles are greyish-white, with minute central spot of the olive-brown colour ;
278 (December,
spiracles large and conspicuous, intensely black; the short hairs greyish. Ventral
surface of a semi-transparent greyish colour, the prolegs having on the outside a
large smoky-olive mark, and on the inside tipped with a very delicate pink tinge.
Before hibernation fed chiefly on knotgrass, but also ate a little
dandelion, of which they seemed to prefer the withered leaves ; after
hibernation, almost entirely on withered dandelion leaves. Probably
neither plant is the natural food.
Crosland Hall, Huddersfield :
October 12th, 1898.
A third brood of Pieris brassice.—On the morning of October 23rd I watched
for some time a white butterfly enjoying itself in the sunshine in a small garden
fronting one of the houses in a main thoroughfare of Sheerness. Its small size led
me at first to think it was Pieris rape, stragglers of which species have been seen
on the wing well into the present month of November; but on a closer view it
proved to be P. brassice g in absolutely fresh and perfect condition, but not more
than two-thirds of the usual size; the black apical blotch being much powdered
with white scales, giving it the greyish appearance so frequently seen in specimens
of the spring brood. It was evidently one of a partial third generation during the
present year, as the last of the very numerous specimens of the normal second brood
had disappeared before the end of August. In the very fine and warm autumn of
1893 a partial third brood of Pararge Megera was observed here as well as else-
where in October (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol. iv, p. 287, and vol. v, p. 10), but
Pieris brassice apparently did not produce a third generation in that year, and
indeed, the present instance is the first in my experience in which it has done so in
Britain. On the same day a specimen of Pyrameis cardui, apparently just out of
pupa, was taken near here by a local collector; can this have been the produce of
the August specimens?—JamEs J. WALKER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
November 10th, 1898.
Late appearance of Pyrameis cardui.—On November Ist I had the pleasure of
seeing two specimens of the above busy at the flowers of valerian at Salcombe, South
Devon; a third being noticed settling on some lofty cliffs. A specimen of P.
Atalanta was observed on the same day.—R. M. PripEavx, 105, Reigate Hill:
November 8th, 1898.
Sphinx convolvuli, §c., in North Devon.—In September of the present year S.
convolvuli was quite common in my garden at Morthoe. Sometimes five or six were
in sight at once hovering over the flowers of the white tobacco; they were so bold
that a moth sucked honey from a flower held in my hand! Colias Hdusa was con-
spicuous by its absence. Vanessa Atalanta and V. urtice were unusually common,
but Cynthia cardui, often very common in that locality, rarely put in an appearance.
Plusia gamma and Phlogophora meticulosa were both extremely abundant; and
Pararge Egeria was much commoner than I have known it. I mention these facts
1898.) 279
because the abundance or otherwise of common insects in a succession of years in the
same place may throw light on the movements of rarer species.—G. B. LoNGsTAFF,
Highlands, Putney Heath, S.W.: October 31st, 1898.
Bucculatriz Demaryella, Stn., feeding on hazel.—Dr. J. H. Wood informs me
that in the Tarrington district (Herefordshire) he breeds Bucculatrix Demaryella
from hazel (Corylus avellana) as well as birch, which latter is its only recorded
food-plant. This interesting fact throws a new light upon Stainton’s statements
fZool., 1848, p. 2157; Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin., 293 (1854)] about the occurrence of
specimens among hazel bushes in the south of Scotland, for after Mr. T. Wilkinson’s
discovery of the larva on birch (Ent. Wk. Int., 1856, p. 171), we hear no more
about the insect being associated with hazel, and presumably it was supposed that
the moths taken amongst it were there merely by accident, which, in view of Dr.
Wood’s experience, seems highly improbable.—Eustacze R. Bankes, The Rectory,
Corfe Castle: November 1st, 1898.
Anchomenus gracilipes: correction.—The date of capture of the specimen I
recorded last month (vide ante Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd series, vol. ix, p. 221) should
have been June 11th, not July 11th.—Cuaupe Morey.
Xylophilus brevicornis, Perris, at Heathfield, Sussex.—Of this rare British
species I captured six specimens, including both sexes, at Heathfield, Sussex, in
August last. They were found in the rotten wood of a felled beech tree.—W. A.
Beevor, 129, Harley Street, W.: November 10th, 1898.
Harpalus discoideus, Fabr., at Oxford.—As Harpalus discoideus seems to occur
in so few places, it may be worth while to note that I have this season been taking
it, in company with H. ignavus, in the sandpits near Oxford.—W. Hownanp, 69,
Observatory Street, Oxford: November 16th, 1898.
Trachys pumila, Ill., and other beetles in Kent.—In 1896 I took three specimens
of Trachys pumila, Ill., at Dodington, Kent: two in March (one at sallow, and the
other under a stone in an adjoining chalk pit), while the third occurred in August by
sweeping grass about half a mile off. Other interesting beetles which have recently
been found in the locality are: Panageus quadripustulatus, Sturm, Licinus depressus,
Payk., Homeusa acuminata, Mirk., Atemeles emarginatus, Payk., Liodes humeralis,
Kug., Agathidium marginatum, Sturm, Amphicyllis globus, F., Hydnobius strigosus,
Schmidt, Anisotoma badia, Sturm (abundant in the spring of 1894 in partially flooded
ground, rare since), Colenis dentipes, Gyll., Colon latum, Kr., Nitidula rufipes, L.,
Olibrus pygmeus, Sturm (at roots of grass), Pocadius ferrugineus, ¥., Hpurea
melanocephala, Marsh., Hyperaspis reppensis, Herbst, Platynaspis luteorubra, Goeze,
Aphodius 4-maculatus, L. (one taken flying this spring), Zenkeri, Germ., obliteratus,
Panz., nitidulus, ¥., sticticus, Panz., fotens, F., pusillus, Herbst, and consputus, Cr.,
Cenocara ,boviste, Hoff., Chrysomela gettingensis, L., varians, Schall., hyperici,
Forst. (the latter taken this year on October 23rd in some numbers), Cassida sangui-
nolenta, F., and vibex, ¥., Stylops melitte, Kirby (one male and females abundant
on Andrena Trimmerana in 1896).
280 (December, 1898.
In this locality (Dodington) beetles generally occur singly, but additional species
are constantly turning up, thus this October, besides one Trachys pumila, I found
Cassida hemispherica, Herbst (1),and Amara patricia, Duftschm. (1), the latter two
new to me, all taken by cutting tufts of grass on a slope within a few yards of the
house, where I have collected hundreds of times before.
I may also record during September and October, from Tolehurst Woods, near
Staplehurst : Anisotoma cinnamomea, Hr., Thiasophila angulata, Er., Quedius ni-
griceps, Kr., and brevis, Er.,and Syntomium eneum, Miill.; from the Blean Woods :
Dinarda Merkeli, Kies.,and Coccinella distincta, Fald.; from Cobham Park, in dead
leaves: Choleva spadicea, Sturm (new, I believe, to the Chatham district, as it is
not in Mr. Walker’s list), Notiophilus rufipes, Curt., and Megacronus inclinans,
Grav. (Mr. Walker has also taken a specimen of the latter insect at the same spot
this October).—A. J. Cuirty, 27, Hereford Square, S.W.: November 11th, 1898.
Crabro gonager, Lep., in Kensington.—1 took a specimen of this rare insect on
a window pane in my house in 1896; possibly it was introduced with mould for
flower boxes, as in this way I have received Cetonia aurata; but Hymenoptera do
occur in Kensington and other parts of London, thus I find Prosopis communis,
Nyl., annually, and this year it literally swarmed on some nasturtiums growing on
my flat roof, while a red bellied Megachile ? sp., several Bombi, and even an Apis
mellifica, L., visited the flowers. I also observed Megachile at the Zoological
Gardens this summer.—ID.
Hystrichopsylla talpe, Grav., at Dodington, Kent.—I got a few specimens of
this grand flea on April 12th last in the woods near Dodington, Kent; they were in
a little heap of dead leaves and sticks which had been utilized by some animal as a
nest, and along with them was another small flea: a moles’ run adjoined the nest.
This flea is stated to be blind: I am satisfied from the conduct of one that I kept in
a glass-covered box that it is sensitive to light.—Ib.
Oxfordshire Diptera in 1898.—The following Diptera, which have kindly been
named by the Rev. BH. N. Bloomfield, were taken in the vicinity of Chesterton during
the last three months, and have all occurred sparingly. Microchrysa polita, L.;
Chrysops cecutiens, L.; Chrysopilus auratus, ¥.; Leptogaster cylindrica, Deg. ;
Dioctria flavipes, Mg., one in 1897; Thereva nobilitata, ¥.; Chilosia pulchripes,
Lw.; Melanostoma scalare, F.; Syrphus auricollis, Mg., S. luniger, Mg.; Sphero-
phoria menthastri, L.; Volucella bombylans, L., common, V. pellucens, L., one ;
Eristalis intricarius, L.; Myiatropa florea, L.; Helophilus versicolor, F., one ;
Xylota segnis, L.; Chrysotoxum sylvarum, Mg., common, C. festivum, L., one ;
Physocephala rufipes, F.; Calliphora grenlandica, Zett.; Pyrellia cadaverina, L. ;
Graphomyia maculata, Scop.; Spilogaster uliginosa, Fln.; Pegomyia bicolor, W.;
Toxoneura muliebris, Harris, one in 1897.--G. C. Huauxs, Chesterton, Bicester,
Oxon.: October 19th, 1898.
END OF VOL. IX (Second SeErizs).
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Pisl(OMOCRAStS IY AMRAINSIVIIDINBIO) LG IS40.
Wing of Limnobia guadrinotata.
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| Keys. Typ, Plymo.
Second Series, No. 97: ]
(No. 404, ] JANUARY, 1898.
JAN 18 1892 THE |
i
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CONTENTS. PAGE
Aberrations of mee ees and Thecla ance clus (Plate i).—K. J. Morton,
FES. 1
Deneriptions of ine lary ond pupa a Mareen ema Sangiell in = R. Bankes,
MCAS BBS cone pisee Seren ee
Local eararion in entaaynigee, fon fe Ofenbys: Gh @. ‘Burret i BE. 8. pabent 4
Cossus ligniperda: fee of habit of larva when ichneumoned.—T. A. Chap-
man, M.D., F.E.S. 5
Notes on Aphides.—G. C. ‘pene: FB. E. 3. a 6
Cephenomyia auribarbis, Me.: larves, &e. Seon: B. N. Bloomfield, ‘UL. yh F. E. 8. 7
Notes on the Cstrine parasites of British Deer.—Hrnest H. Austen............... 8
Notes on some interesting Heteroptera met with in 1897.—F. B. Jennings ... 18
Peeciloseytus vulneratus, Wolff, an addition to the List of British aaeen
—H. J. Thouless.. ‘ 15
Variation in the form of one sess & in sehen genus Mordella, 6 C. Giannon
Homesiamen nigriceps, Kies. : Loman gneta. inh ; “16
Brachysomus hirtus, Boh. ee aa setulosus, Boh. >. ab chatter a i
Wialllense ue woHilse Semaine!» ssncens scatter natis es casentieetiss een e000 doone sulle
Captures of Coleoptera, Ga. during the past season in the vicinity of Heenan!
—W. W. Hsam ......... Beer REO Rn AALS ntcutas aes med Lf
The food of Silpha levierir. B a O. Thguess sau es ASE ade ecdvtende MALS
Pissodes notatus near Wellington, Berks.—D. UM. Bucknall SRO eee: oD
Pissodes notatus near Bournemouth.—E. J. Burgess Sopp ........0scceceueeeecee ees 19
Coleoptera notabilia of the Liverpool district during 1897.—W. H. Sharp ...... 19
Prosopis dilatata and Megachile versicolor near Maidstone.—Hubert Elgar ... 20
Pompilus (Aporus) unicolor, Spin., near Dover.—F. W. L. Sladen ............... 20
A freak of Nature: Lasiocampa trifolli.—Sydney Webb .........0.0.cccccecceeseees 20
Limnophilus nigriceps, Zett., at Ipswich. Claude Morley, F.H.8. ............. 20
Limnophilus affinis at sea ten miles from land.—R. McLachlan, F.R.S. ......... 21
SocietIzEs.—Birmingham Entomological Society ... ..........:cccceeceeceetescceseseee 21
Cambridge Entomological, &ec., Society .........06. - ceceseversecceseee 21
South London Entomological, &., Society 00.0... 6. eeeeseeseeveeeee = 22
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pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 8d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 14d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
A large stock of British, Buropean, and Bxotic hepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ kygs.
EIN Ar @M@ i @ GC r@ AG eens
The ‘ DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, Cc.
tes ONLY ADDRESS—
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Our New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
CY
ees
2
fe
wor
Second Series, No. 98.
| "No 408.1 J] FEBRUARY, 1898. [Price 6d.
FEB 14 1882
3 TH K
ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
ia
C. G. BARRETT, FES. W.W. FOWLER, M.A.,F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. RB. M’LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &c.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIvV.]
“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.
2
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voozrst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
HK. H. MBHK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S&.W.,
Supplies Entomologists with cbery Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
Ail Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
nnn
PPA
RRA ne
DDRII
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3 / Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,& 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottie, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENToMOLoGICAL Casinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
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“NATURE, be
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIEKCE. PRICE Gd.
““ NaTuRE” contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
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Lf
CONTENTS. PAGE
Notes on the Rhopalocera, &c., of the ae ere the Epps ee
—Albert H. Jones, F.H.S. .. Mae eA
Note on a few Orthoptera from Te ero wand Koren: = tatcoine Bae P. Z. 8. spb 06s, we)
Coleoptera in the Manchester District during 1897.—J. Harold Bailey, M.B.... 30
Revision of the Nomenclature of Micro-Lepidoptera (commenced).—kKt. Hon.
Lord Waisingham, M.A., F.R.S., ¥c., and J. Hartley Durrant, F.E.S.... ..... 34
On certain recent additions to the British Muscidzo sie of Verrall’s aie
—Ernest H. Austen.. : Lse OD
Meeting of the Tniometioral Gonmrene ‘of Toston at lemondeen in 1898 sodotio 40
The Ragonot Collection of Micro- Wepidopterd) ccsnccete serene tee cere e eee mtases LO
Homalota clancula, Hr., near Chesham.—E. G. Hila pane 40
Andricus (Aphilotrix) corticis, L.,and A. see aioe =¢. C. “Bignell,
F.E.S. 40
Aculeate TEipmsaesoH ae Staborouent Heath, orca ee. ai J. Reiniey, P. ih 8. 41
Aculeate Hymenoptera at Newquay, North Cornwall.—Id. ............cessseeeees) 4D
Diptera taken in the New Forest.—F. C. Adams, F.H.S....... .1...ccscsecseeeeeeeecee 42
Mites wanted! ........... 43
Revirw.—Report of the euvemerent! Bntomologist (.¢ © HL) fe Bn 1896: + by ¢ C.
P. Lounsbury . ..... ‘ 43
OsiTuaRY.—George Henry isan, M.D. Bone cn Sedeecebac mocnnonpacredoormdseds. i e3)
George Christopher Dea, Fr i. 8. ‘alae cube gaeabtocneptaniar senate cua rack
SocietIES.—Birmingham Hntomological Society ... .......ccecseceeesen see ceeeeeeereee 44
South London Entomological, & ., Society ........ 6... seeeeesseeees.s 45
Entomological Society of London ............ 45
Some new species of Trichoptera belonging to the Murepean Facade ih pores
on others.—R. McLachlan, F.B.S., “Se. Sila AO etree Gade saath se alee dosemets- “40
Those who have not yet remitted their Subscriptions for the current
Vol. (1898) are requested to do so at their early convenience
DE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLI, offer more than 15,000 species of well
named LEPIDOPTHRA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING PUPA, &e.
Separate Price Lists X and XVI for COLEOPTERA (19,000 species); List V
for HYMENOPTERA (2530 species), DIPTERA (1500), HEMIPTERA (1700),
ORTHOPTERA (650), NEUROPTERA (450). List XI for SHELLS (5000).
PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the
Session 1898 —9:—
Wednesday, February 2nd and 16th, March 2nd and 16th, April 6th,
May 4th, June Ist, October 5th, November 2nd and 16tk, December 7th,
1898, and (Annual), Janaary 18th, 1899.
XTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, WEDNESDAY,
FEBRUARY 2np, 1898, at 8 p.m.—Papers to be read:
(1) “The Larva of Pelophila:” by Rev. W. F. Johnson and G. H. Carpenter. (2)
“New Species of Rhopalocera :” by F. D. Godman, F.R.S., and O, Salvin, F.R.S.
FoR SALE. — LARVA AND PUP of very many of the
BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also fine and well-set specimens of Bririsy
TBPIDOPTERA —— ACULEATE Hymenoprrera ——Saw Furs —— Icunzumons —~—
COLEOPTERA DipreraA —— HemipreERA——NEUROPTERA.
Preserved Pupe, Pupa Cases, and Cocoons of Lepidoptera, Sc.
For Price Lists, which are separate, apply to—
W. H. HARWOOD, Colchester
EXCHANGE.
Will offer good species from North America, Mexico, Central America, U.S.
Columbia, and Venezuela, for good species from Malayan Islands, China, and
Australia.— Livi W. MENGEL, Reading, Pa., U.S. A.
Wanted—Fleas of the Badger and House Mouse in dilute spirit, with data.
Will give cash or Lepidoptera.—CuaruEs Roruscuip, Tring, Herts.
NOW READY,
THE BNTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. VIII, New
Series (Vol. X XXIII), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.
London: GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. E.C.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.
A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
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Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to ix can be had
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The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
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Apply to the Publishers.
May 29th, 1893.
WATKINS & BONCASTER, Daturalisis,
Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
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Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
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ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in Jeather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 13d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
& large stock of British, Buropean, and Hxotic hLepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ Eggs,
JBN EOI Olin OGrtQyaily JEItIN SS.
The “DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOCM FOR CABINETS, &c.
«= ONLY ADDRESS—
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LON DON.
Birds and Mammals, S§c., Preserved & Mounted by first-class workmen.
Qur New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
|
|
|
L
i
|
| plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.
MAR 29 1898
Second Series, No. 99.]
[No. 406.] MARCH, 1898. [Price 6d.
Jos”
THE
ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE,
EDITED BY
;
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. MLACHLAN, F.k.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S8. E. SAUNDERS, F.LS.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
———
“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
—~~—
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voorst1’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
KEK. H. MBH K, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W,,
Supplies Entomologists with eberp Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
Atl Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
ARIAT RATAN ARR RRADADRARALAR AD ADA AAA AA AAA ID LDL LLP PIS PAID OLIN PI III
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.
. Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
. Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, ld. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 —_ Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
[Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,& 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage. 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Enromotocicat Casinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
“NATURE,”
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
“ NATURE” contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals; Keports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO “NATURE.” |
£ s. d. (To all places Abroad). 25) Sb le
Yearly ... Sat ae aoe 18s 0 Yearly ... ue oe as 110 6
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Quarterly ... i av O07 6 Quarterly ... ae he 0so0
Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin’s Street, London, W.C.
Lo
CONTENTS. PAGE
Some new species of Trichoptera belonging to the Kuropean Fauna, with notes
on others (concluded).—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., Sc. ......... 3 49
Some remarks on the Bagous lutosus, Gyll., and B. alabritestrie, Herbst (Gaon
lentus, Gyll.), of British Collections.—G. C. Champion, F.Z.S.. Sondre
On the occurrence in Spain of Lyczena (Tarucus) Theophrastus, F., a auuteenty
new to the Fauna of Europe.—Percy H. Grimshaw, F.E.S .. 600 000 54
Coleoptera in flood rubbish in the Isle of Sheppey. —J. J. Walker, R. N,, PL. 8. 56
Notes on the genus Chloriona, Fieb., with description of a new species.—J.
Edwards, F.E.S. . Sue ten ereeess OS
Aculeates taken at entrant Coldfield i in 1 1897. Frio c. Bradley Looe ser iciass ar». E2
Cynomyia alpina, Zett., in Warwickshire.—Iqd . sayse: eee OS
Diptera in the New Forest: a correction.—F. 0. ‘Aduarae BE. Sy epdacaas0 63
Hystricopsylla talps, Curt. ian: Rits.), at Chatham. —J. J. Walker,
R.N., F.L.S8. . We ee ages
Coleoptera in the Coicheeter TRC in 1897. = Been 8. Ferner Busnes, (Oe
Silvanus similis near Southampton.—bL. M. Bucknill ............601 2 cee eee eo eeeee 68
The genus Hrebia ......... diontstaneee = 10D
Hrebia lappona in the Uanor Engadine, Leet H. Sones P. zB. &. HeetLaeOD
Tzeniocampa munda in the autumn.—John F. Churchill, M.R.C. s. mide yey, OO
Observations on the pairing of Dasycampa rubiginea, F. emuctare R. Buyikes,
Bblpochors metionloee; L., - cnideDeosmiber nt able nsae raced Welriacy acne ani ial (100
Psocus major, Loens, in Surrey.—C. A. Briggs, F.H.S. ......cccceccer cesses ceseseess 66
Early Neuroptera, &c., in North Devon.—Id. ...... ... 66
Excess of Naphthaline injurious to collections.—Z. R. Bankes M. A, FE. RB. S. 66
Lively halves of a bisected insect.—C. H. Mortimer .... 0.00.00 5. cecceeeee ees 67
Oxiruaky.—Jamesr Ch OmsOnigera esses ssc aekancsiet: sonee eeseelvoeetaee ass: Cee eRe ses OS
SocriETI£ESs.— Birmingham EAcoinotogioal Bei Banani. COACH cat Ese ae nasona ada. bts
Entomological Society of London . .......... 0 69
Lozopera francillonana, F., compared with its allies * (Pate 11). Right } Hon.
Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Sc. .. Joedaattsitisedicaeuiaca uaa eed)
MONDAY, MARCH 21st.
A Collection of British Lepidoptera formed by H. W. MATHIAS, Esq., of
Thames Ditton, containing many fine and rare species obtained by pur-
chase from well known Collections, that have been sold during the past
four or five years; also Exotic Butterflies, and a General Collection of
Natural History Specimens.
R. J. C. STEVENS will Sell the above by Auction at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, as above, at half-past 12 precisely.
a
On view Saturday prior, 10 till 4, and Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
The Valuable Collection of British Lepidoptera formed by GEO. ELISHA,
Esq., who is giving up Collecting. The Collection is particularly rich in
bred specimens, but all are in the finest possible condition.
ME. J. C. STEVENS will Sell the above by Auction at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, early in APRIL.
QOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL & NATURAL HISTORY
-SOCIETY.—Parrrs TO BE READ:—March 10th, Mr. Fred. Clark—Photo-
micrographs ; 24th, Rev. W. J. Horsley, M.A.—A Chat on Snails; April 14th, Mr.
R. South, F.E.8.--British and Japanese Lepidoptera compared; 28th, Mr. E.
Saunders, F.1..8.—Hemiptera; May 12th, Mr. A. H. Jones, F.H.S.—South European
Lepidoptera ; 26th—Geological Lecture.
NOW READY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. VIII, New
Series (Vol XXXIII), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.
London: GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. B.C.
Complete in one thick volume, royal 8v0, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :
A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
TRICHOPTHRA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Rospertr MchacuHiay,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &&.: Price, £3 10s.
First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.
London: Gurney & JacKkson, 1, Paternoster Row, H.C.
Session 1898 -9:—
Wednesday, March 2nd and 16th. April 6th, May 4th, June Ist,
October 5th, November 2nd and 16th, December 7th, 1898, and (Annual),
Januvary lito, 159d.
WATKINS & BONCASTER, Aaturalists,
Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, éc.: Umbrella
Net, 7/-; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-; Plain Ring Net, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
aseful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
improved Pocket Pupa-digger in Jeather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 8d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vasen-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 14d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
A large stock of British, Ruropean, and Exotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ Eggs.
IDV AO IMI yO GHUOvVAIEy Je ibIN
The “DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, Xc.
ONLY ADDRESS—
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LON DON.
Birds and Mammals, Sc., Preserved & Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
_ Second Series, No. 100.]
| (No. 407,] APRIL, 1898. [Price 6d.
PTE 5
APR i318998 THR
ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. RB. MLACHLAN, E.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &c.
——-—_—
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[Vi@ih nee]
“Jengage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.
—+
EORNEO IN;
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mk. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
EK. H.-MBEBHK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomolagists with ebery Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
PF RAR ADDR DID RD DDAE BRD EARA RARE DRAB RADI DPI D PIII III IIIIPRIIPPPLPL SPP PIP ADI
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Posket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, Hd. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,& 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottie, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
EnToMoLoGicaL Casinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
“NATURE,”
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
“ NaTuRE” contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
-contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, whick
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals; Keports of the Proceedings of —
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and Notes on all
matters cf current scientific interest.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO “NATURE.”
& th (To all places Abroad). Se Sacle
"Mearly jas. 6h et ee SO. Vearly :::0 0 ss) ss CLOG
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Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin’s Street, London, W.C.
%
CONTENTS. PAGE -
Lozopera francillonana, F., compared with its allies (concluded).—Right Hon.
Lord! Walsingliant (MAC EL.D:, BS Be Sey O66... 02ci%. ds cace hd dav dee tevanes ~ankens 73
Notes on the larva of Cidaria sagittata. —H. F. Piryer.......ce ccc cc ey cece cee cence 76
A new Marine Hydrometrid (Plate I11).—George H. Carpenter, B.Sc., F.H.S.... 78
Frauenfeldia rubricosa, Mg.: an addition to the British Muscide SP eoaei/
of Verrall’s List).—Ernest EH. Austen .. a¢ 81
Harpalus Freelichi, Sturm (tardus, Pz.): an S adition: A "the ‘British Tee
E. A. Newbery. With notes by Claude Morley, F.H.S......... ceeseeseesee serene 84
Micro-Lepidoptera in Cumberland.—G. Wilkinson ........ snepeenoosugendueoscas | te)
Deilephila galii bred by forcing.— Rev. C. F. Benthall, M. A Ceeceieste TOE
Polyommatus Alexis (?) in February.—Sydney Webb ............ ccc cenceccec ce seenes 87
Bembidium punctulatum, Drap., in the Lea Valley.—F. B. Jennings ............ 87
An additional character in the male of Homalota marcida, Er.—£. George
Elliman ......... 88
A new way of packing Goleentors a ibne Recaneen _1. The Gent Siegen
F.E.S. Sone 88
Oxycera dives: lines if Rancech: vind notes 6 on tte: genus. sp W. “Dale, P. B. 8. 88
Tnjury to cloth by Sirex javencus.—W. Grant Guthrie ......ceccceccececeesseseeeee, 88
Societies.—Birmingham Entomological Society ............ sdgedsbo8ocbq0000a000 000,00 89
South London Entomological, &c., aoe Fearn eeu sath oe MoME OT Beacon OD.
Entomological Society of London.. oo daabod ood Hoaudenbadedons doa eobooo | Ae!
Observations on Coccidz (No. 17).—R. Newstead, PB. 3. SUR SHER GHOT OSG ANBEMNebeRE eats y=
DE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLI1, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEPIDOPTERA, sei or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING PUPA, &e.
Separate Price Lists X and XVI for COLEOPTERA (19,000 species); List V
for HYMENOPTERA (2530 species), DIPTERA (1500), HEMIPTERA (1700),
ORTHOPTERA (650), NEUROPTERA (450). List XI for SHELLS (5000).
PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.
MONDAY, APRIL 25ra.
The Valuable Collection of British Lepidoptera formed by GEO. ELISHA,
Esq., who is giving up Collecting The Collection is particularly rich in
bred specimens, but all are in the finest possible condition.
R. J. C. STEVENS will Sell the above by Auction at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, as above, at half-past 12 precisely.
On view Saturday prior, 10 till 4, aud Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
O COLEOPTERISTS.—FOR SALE, STURM’S COLEOPTERA
(Deutchland’s Kafer), 23 Vols. bound in 11, half calf, 424 coloured plates,
4000 pages. For particulars apply—
“ROSEMOUNT,” Hannington Road, Boscombe, Hants.
WANTED TO PURCHASE, EXOTIC COCOONS from India,
Africa and Australia.
CAN SUPPLY, at Wholesale Prices, AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA ; Cocoons and
Pupz, and Fertilized Ova a speciality. Send for Catalogue.
Prof. CARL BRAUN, Naturalist, Bangor, Me., U.S.A.
NOW READY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. VIII, New
Series (Vol. XXXIII), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.
London: GURNBY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. E.C.
Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo0, with 59 plates engraved on cabees
from the author's drawings :
A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Rosert McLacutan,
F.R.S., F.LS., &e. Price, £3 10s.
First Additional! Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.
London: Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, H.C.
Berlin: FrreDLANDER und Soun, 11, Carlstrasse.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the
Session 1898-9 :—-
Wednesday, April 6th, May 4th, June Ist, October 5th, November
2nd and 16th, December 7th, Heer apd(Annual), ) PERE 18th, 1899.
FoR SALE TART AND PUPA of very many of the
BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA ; also fine and well-set specimens of Brreisit
TEPIDOPTERA —— ACULEATE Hy wenoprera — Saw Furies —— IcHNreumons ——
COLEOPTERA Diprera —— HeMirpTeRa—— NEUROPTERA.
Preserved Pupe, Pupa Cases, and Cocoons of Lepidoptera, Se.
For Price Lists, which are separate, apply to—
We Ele OO Ds Cotenester
WATKINS & DONCASTER, Aaturalists,
Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, are &e.: Umbrella
Net, 7/-; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-; Tlain Ring Net, us Aes 2/6; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine
Pocket Boxes, 9d., nye 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to Ge Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins. 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/-;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in Jeather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessity, implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 2d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
Jum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro- -Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*..* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera,
Exchange Lists, 14d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
& large stock of British, Ruropean, and &xotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ Kyggs.
IN AE @iIVi@ is @ Ge wien
The “ DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &c.
(gs ONLY ADDRESS—
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LONDON.
Birds and Mammuais, Sc., I'reserved & Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
f Cw:
\O-~- AY
N
| er MAY, 1898. [Price 6d.
“MAY 74 1898
el Y i4 1898 THE
pe
— /Y, 003
ENTOMOLOGIST
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A.,, F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. MLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E, SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &c.
—_-__
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“J’engage donc tous a éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
| plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.
| Pe i
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voorst’s Successors),
| 1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
H. H. MBH K, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomalogists with chery Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
BARR AA
ARRDA AAD DREAD ADD Dn
PDD AAARA AY
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2 /
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ _ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postak Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,& 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CaBINETS, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
“NATURE,”
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
‘“ NaTURE”’ contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and Notes on all
matters cf current scientific interest.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO “NATURE.”
£ s. d. (To all places Abroad). Seen
Yearly ... is oa oo 18s80 Yearly ... a ah oa 110 6
Helf-Yearly ... rE 014 6 Half-Yearly ... a 015 6
Quarterly... a a O76 Quarterly ... Eve i 08s 0
Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and COo., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin’s Street, London, W.C.
ig
CONTENTS. PAGE
Observations on Coccides (No. 17).—R. Newstead, F.E.S. 0.0.0... cceceecec eee 97
Oak Galls.—@. C. Bignell, P.E.S. .. . uc cece Seen ke ee haeeeaee eee Oe
Diagnoses of some new Aradidz.—E. Bergr ith, U D.. SomeBCH 160
‘Anaspis latipalpis, Schilsky: an addition to the British list, with remark on
various other species of the genus.—@. C. Champion, F.Z.8........ ... ..... 101
Further notes on the direct photographic enlargement of entomological speci-
mens (Plate IV).—T. A. Gerald Strickland, F.E.S. Bue .. 103
Results of protracted pupal condition in Asphalia ridieng ig) G. Barrett P. BE. 8. 106
Two new Taeed from Scotland and Algeria ees —K. J. Morton,
tachi te Hhapovel, Serged A. Menenicr. B. ae F. E. Ss. UE cersc nn LOO
Pyrrhocoris apterus on the Orestone Rock.—G. C. Bignell, F.B.S................... 112
Acanthia inodora, Dugés.— J. W. Douglas, F.E.S... AM DOC LCOR SE Comes aol w
Coleoptera in the Plymonth District.—James H. Reyae sa eieabacueor AS}
Lemophleeus ater, &c., at Chilbolton, Hants.—R. W. ifn PB. 8... dooneee lillas
Coleoptera on a Yorkshive Moor!-—ReviW..@. Hey, MeAn 0. o\cees ee. 113
A new locality for Aétophorus imperialis, Germ.—J. J. Walker, R. N., F.L.S.... 114
Habits of Heptaulacus testudinarius.—#. J. Burgess-Sopp, F.E.S. ...... . ...... ane
Some recent captures of Lepidoptera around Norwich.—H. J. Thouless ........ 115
Socirty.—Hntomological Society of London . aeons 116
cea to “A He ace of British Papotiodidie: <— ve B. “Raton, M an
TUESDAY, MAY 24ru.
The remaining portion of the Collection of British Lepidoptera formed by
GEO. ELISHA, Esq., also the Entomological and Botanical Books, &c.
ME. J. C. STEVENS will Sell the above by Auction at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, on TuEspay, May 24th, at half-past
12 precisely.
On view the day prior, 10 till 4, and Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :
A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Rospert McLacuian,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &. Price, £3 10s.
First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.
London: Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, E.C.
Berlin: FrigDLANDER und Soun, 11, Carlstrasse.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the
Session 1898-9 :—
Wednesday, May 4th, June Ist, October 5th, November 2nd and
16tk, December 7th, 1898, and (Annual), January 18th, 1899.
NOW READY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. VIII, New
Series (Vol. XX XIII), strongly boundin Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.
London: GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EXCHANGE.
Wanted.—Accounts of varieties or localities of species of British Aphodii.—-
.F. Bouskett, Market Bosworth, Nuneaton.
{ have an extensive collection of American Lepidoptera, and should be pleased
to correspond with reference to exchanging for British specimens.—ALFRED E.
ListER, 921, Vine Street, Scranton Pa, U.S. A.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.
A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, Is. per Vol. extra).
Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each.
The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.
Apply to the Publishers.
May 29th, 1893.
froR SALE. — LARVZ AND PUP of very many of the
BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also fine and well-set specimens of BritisH
TEPIDOPTERA —— ACULEATE Hym#Noprera ——Saw F1nies —— IcHNEUMONS ——
COLEOPTERA DipreERA —— HEMIPTERA ——NFEUROPTERA.
Preserved Pupe, Pupa Cases, and Cocoons of Lepidoptera, Sc.
or Price Lists, which are separate, apply to—
W. H. HARWOOD, Colchester
“WATKINS & BONCASTER, Daturalists,
‘Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
Net, 7/-; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 2/6; Pocket -
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/-;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxiderniists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 2d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
jum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*.* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.8., F.E 8., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 13d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
& large stock of British, Ruropean, and &xotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ bogs.
ISIN DOO IM Ori LyOECHIC Avity JPN S.
The “ DIXON’ LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &c.
GE ONLY ADDRESS—
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LON DON.
Birds and Mammals, Jc., Preserved & Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (66 pp.} sent post free to any address on application
Second Series, No. 102.
| (No. 409.] JUNE, 1898. [Prick 6d.
lf 005” THE
ENTOMOLOGIST’S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. RB. MLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.B.S., &c.
—_——__-——
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[LVOL. XXXIV.]
~
“engage donc tous a éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.
= + =
LONDON:
| GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
Hi. H. MHBHEK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomologists with ebery Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
nn a enn nnn nnnnnnnnnnnr SU
PPP DARA AERP ADA AD DPD API AD AA
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
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CONTENTS. PAGE
Supplement to ‘‘ A Synopsis of British Psychodide” (continued).—Rev. A. E.
Bato, IMA SATS OY Bee erst CORR a roles He ose tee ate the wn Qsnm paspigions-sme ss vcs 121
On the habits of Liothula omnivora, Fereday.—W. W. Smith, F.E.S............. 125
Some new British Tenthredinide.—Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.H.S. .............. 127
The sexual characters of the British species of Tomoxia, Mordella and Mor-
dellistena.—G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. ... ...... 128
New Corsican Micro- poe —Rt. Hon. Bore ‘Walsingham, M. As LL.D. bo
F.R.S. 131
Ten weeks ab ie eal ae ieee ieteran (Ben Doboran) in “emia of Caddis
flies in 1897.—J. J. F. X. King, F.E.S. Ree csuke | ebb e aoe eee 134
Revision of the Nomenclature of Micro- laniowions (ernie. —Rt. Hon.
Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., and J. Hartley Durrant, F.E.S.. 135
Diptera from Suffolk, Iperdsen. ee E. N. Bloomfield, M.A, F.E.S. . ... 137°
Scolopostethus grandis, Horv., at Tunbridge Wells.—E. peepee F..S8. ... .. 188
Aecanthiz on tame rabbits.—J. W. Douglas, F.E.S. ; PRICE Ocoee Sentra! ears)
Aphodii in the burrows of Geotrupes.—G. C. Ghamiparh FB. Z. Ss. cet ciate 138
Philonthus fascus, Grav., in Chatham Dockyard.—J. J. Walker, R.N., F. if, Ss. _ 139
Rerview.—British Orthoptera: by Malcolm Burr, F.Z.8.........s00cceseeceeeeeeee eee 139
Qvirvsry.—Walliam: Milest Maskell. cc,biccs scatecsavek soteened d-oietesmee ance eaerak aloe
Jules Migneaux.. eis ia bheedeoverey alka actos Samotece teatro: LAO
Prof. Mariano de i Paz Graélls.. cadbA FaSHoBbaD kod cebacs eddoamene: eseou LHD)
SocieTizs.—Birmingham Entomological Sei Hu Matar yaet petite eooetnccs LAO
South London Entomological, &e., Sacisiiy sss . 1
The Tineina of North West Kent and ee portion o of r Sore. Ber. ve
Bower, F.H.S. . sae : iv w. 142
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[44,005 THE
ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE,
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A.,F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8. RB. MLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A. LL.D., F.B.S., &c.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
———
“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.
—_. > —_—__—-
LONDON:
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SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
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Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1 | per 0z.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
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A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
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CONTENTS. PAGE
The Tineina of North West Kent and adjioming Borvon of Surrey (oni):
—Benj. A. Bower, F.E.S. . 145
Stray notes on some Micro- Menten ters ot ine: Reading “Diath. FA) @ R.
Digby, W.A.. 150
Notes on the Lae ease oe Beesierichas pees: abbeek: 7 “Enoch, F. i, 8. 152
A few Psocidz from the Eastern Pyrenees.—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., fc. .......-- 153
Supplement to “‘ A Synopsis of British Benet Py Cone: —Rev. A. E.
Haton, MiA., FLE.S. 22... 154
Isopteryx torrentium, Pict., od i Premera Pict., pea aerR t on ote
species of the genus. Saul: Morton, F.E.S. . et aeienes ae LOO
Rhinomacer attelaboides, F., at Ipswich.— Gann. orion B. B e. ... 160
Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kraatz, at Guildford.—@. C. Ghai: P. Za 8. 160
Coleoptera in the neighbourhood of Chesham, Bucks.—Z. Geo. Elliman... ... 160
Otiorrhynchus raucus, F., and other ae gaan in the Chatham District. Laid J.
Walker, R.N., TAS ote Be gps es VOLE
Kuphorus ornatus, Marshall, at Teybndees eas, 0. Bignell, F. E. 8... BEE ERESBDSCUR DOLE ED 162
Forficula auricularia in New Zealand.—W. W. Smith, IIS igaee ool OZ:
Birds and Butterflies.—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., ec. ......... . 162
Albinic aberration of Amphisbatis incongruella, Stn.—H. R. Benes U. as F. B. 8. 162
Observations on the habits of Amphisbatis incongruella, Stn.—ZJd. ............:.. 162
REVIEWS.—Twelfth Report on the injurious and other insects of the State of
New Mork); by JivA\. Lintner) PheDo) cei 5. -cvedser W eneints scene 163-
The Insects of Alderney: by W. A. Luff . : .. 168
A Text Book of Entomology: by A. S. Packarel M. De Ph. D . 168
Opituary.—Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S., Ge. 1... cceseccceeee cee eeeeeeeeeees soveceee LOM
Joseph Albert Lintner, PIM DS ASE oagecen ogee calaticotants wrens LOD
William Miles Maskell.. eee Sine nch wutichpsapsbeearsanme Oo
M. J. Maurice analinnse.- : . 165
New Corsican Micro- ee peebiee (continued. ay Gites a | Walsingham,
Ublosle THI Dos 1BGIRASS | sooe as ‘ ... 166
OCALITY LABELS, neatly printed, 2s. 9d. per thousand, post
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, Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo0, with 59 plates engraved on copper
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F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. Price, £3 10s.
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THE
ENTOMOLOGIST 'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.8. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. WLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &.
os
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne. ;
SS
LONDON:
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SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
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The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Genzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
DD DD ADIAADRY
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
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[f
CO NEEBN TS: PAGE
New Corsican Micro-Lepidoptera (concluded).— Rt. Hon. Lord pe oes
MCAS Lin De Babe Soe log
Aeristotcla ser sey Z., an niitson i ane Bete Panna, (len Bimota): baie . 172
An Economic use for Waterbuse: —=(s We Ker kata ssh Mbps mans cccsetc catcesccieneace 173
Some remarks on the colour-varieties of the BBP ESS of Orsodacna occurring in
Britain.—G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. ........ 5 LS
On Orthoptera collected by the Rev. A. E. Haton in Chien: oi Mateclint Burts
PA Seaincerste sec 5 ale
Note on Goeze’s Beittase- Ry. om Ta Walanghane ILA. Sti Ds FR. ‘S.,
and J. Hartley Durrant, F.E S. Gea ea ssossenyasee LOU
Butterflies seen in and around Fonsnlons ay) H. ‘Swinton, P. BE. Ss. WdiGex'escceate «LOL
Note on Aspidiotus Greeuii.—Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, F.H.S. .... .cesscseeeeeees 184
Food-plants of Gelechia fraternella, Del.—H#. R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S..:.......... 185
Food-plants of Dichrorampha sequana, Hb.—TId.. ee ... 185
Narcyia melanella, Hw.: a point of nomenelaiate: as CMehachiane P. R. 8... 186
Cynomyia alpina in Warwickshire.—R. C. Bradley ...... an .. 186
Ischnomera sanguinicollis at Leigh Woods, Bristol.—J. Hegotid Baileyn M. B. . 186
Oninuanye——Urnest: Candeze. MEDe. WH HSSe) 9.2, crandesseceueeccs sites cose seceere seer ce nO
Societies.—Birmingham Entomological Society .........cscsecsseveeceseeesereneseeces LST
South London Entomological, &c., Society .......c.....ceeeeseeeee eee. 188
Entomological Society of London.. feet re OAS eras So bie rae eel x “ASD:
A Review, with some critical notes, of “The Pisropttoae of North feet
C. H. Fernald, A.M., Ph.D.—Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL D.,
DE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLI, offer more than 15,000 species of all
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARYV 4 ; numerous LIVING PUPA, &e.
Separate Price Lists X and XVI for COLEOPTERA (19,000 species); List V
for HYMENOPTERA (2530 species), DIPTERA (1500), HEMIPTERA (1700),
ORTHOPTERA (650), NEUROPTERA (450). List XI for SHELLS (5000).
PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS,
Locality LABELS, neatly printed, 2s. 9d. per thousand, post
free (equal quantities of not more than four sorts to the thousand, each sort on
a separate slip). Dr. D. Sharp says, “ These labels are perfectly satisfactory.”
J. H. KEYS, Printer, 7, Whimple Street, Plymouth.
Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :
A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Rosert McLacuian,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. Price, £3 10s.
First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.
London: Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, H.C.
Berlin: FrizDLANDER und Souy, 11, Carlstrasse.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the
Session 1898—9:—
Wednesday, October 5th, November 2nd and 16tk, December 7th,
1898, and (Annual), January 18th, 1899.
MR. JOHN VAN VOORST, formerly of No. 1, Paternoster Row,
passed away at his residence, Utrecht House, Queen’s Road, Clapham
Park, on the evening of July 24th, in his 95th year. The regret with
which the Editors make this announcement will be shared by many
readers of this Magazine.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.
A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, 1s. per Vol. extra).
Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each. /
The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
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Apply to the Publishers.
May 29th, 1893.
Keep in stock all Articles for Hntomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
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Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz.; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
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pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 8d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vaseu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
| *,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 13d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
& large stock of British, Buropean, and Exotic Lepidoptera,
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IN EOI @ 1 @ Ge Ze eine
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SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &c.
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a
/
/
EPaTGcE Ge Tee, VeaigaeR eeE TNE e pee
[No. 412.) SEPTEMBER, 1898. [Price 6d.
/ i 00 oye 1 H E
ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE,
EDITED BY
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. WLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.8. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &e.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“‘J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.
—. > —_—_
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voors1’s SuccEssors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
H. H. MBHK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomoalogists with chery Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
mane
nRARDARD
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
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Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6 -
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket. Box, 6¢.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
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SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
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A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
‘‘ NaTuRE”’ contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
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4
CONTENTS. PAGE
A Review, with some critical notes, of “‘The Pterophoride of North America :
C. H. Fernald, A.M., Ph.D. (concluded). — Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham,
M.A., LL-D., F.R.S.. wee . 193
Gelechia obhfinin Stu.,a thors form of G. Paice ipaetace R. Bunkes. M. ais ;
F.E.S. Sodocen ... 196
Diantheecia Intengo, var. - Barrett nad ipona Seno in 4 Cornwatle raed
Ficklin .. Ms idatneete a
A new ereies “of ‘Saeiseone fre om. 2 Pema. ie L Tegfier. agancosce Sob SEN eat ose 200
Spring Butterflies in Provence.—Rev. H. C. Lang, M.D., §c.. seppCndenoreaecome Oe
Economy of Laverna vinolentella, H.-S.—C. G. Barrett, F.E. s. eyes . 204
Description of the larva of Aristotelia ses ail Stph.-—Rt. Hon. Lord a Walsing
ham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. g0c ic 3 . 205
Photographic Enlargements (Plate Y). 6, C. aoa, F. B. s. SN AEE . 205
Cryptohypnus meridionalis, Lap., an addition to the British List of Hlaterides.
—P. B. Mason, M.R.C.S., F.L.S. . es Wot Cleotscaei eaters . 207
Coleoptera at Porlock.—Rev. Tendere ‘Wood, P. E. s. iad BRE ae renee DOM
Lathridius filiformis, Gyll., at Upper Tooting.—TId... so co AUK!
Coleoptera, &c., in the Blean Woods, Kent.—J. J. Walker, R. N,, Pr. L. 8. . 208
Re-occurrence of Pionosomus varius, Wolff, at Deal._—Id. ...... ; Mee aOS
Metatropis rufescens, H.-S., &c., at Woking.—G@. C. pi ae F.Z. s. eee 209)
Hemiptera in the Channel rena —Jas. Eardley Mason .........se0cceeee se teens 209
Gerris najas, De Geer, in the north.—Id. oe Sep bd codonoceneba act.)
Correction respecting Ornix fagivora. ia. C. R. Deby, M. A . 210
Psithyrus rupestris, F., var. arenaria, Pz., at Brighton.—E. Bainderst P. ib. hee . 210
Crabro gonager, &c., af Putney.—Harold Swale, M.B. .......0605 cece recess 210
Andrena proxima at Osmington.—Id. ............ c . 210
Vespa austriaca, Panz., inquiline in the nest of Ween rata, L He seard Sane
ders, F.L.S. . att 211
Rare Aculeate Emer procs pacer on ihe Kent Coast ane. sane —F. W. jis ‘Sladen 211
Sirices in Suffolk.—Claude Morley, F.E.S... Ear JA aaretneeren est ele
Aculeate Hymenoptera at Littlehampton. _ FP. ‘Sdunders,. Fr L. ‘s) $Peee oA ateedcaaee | 213
OsituaRy.—John Van Voorst, F.L.S. Bd are aeeteeninc tess eel
Ernest Charles Auguste Gandia M. D. F. E. S. Ae goccincet Cees euen ie
Societies.—Birmingham Entomological Society .............:::00cee cease cree eee ZG
South London Entomological, &c., Soceey Be eacide SOR teh ee LG
DE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLI, offer more than 15,000 species of wells
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
eondition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING PUPA, &e.
Separate Price Lists X and XVI for COLEOPTERA (19,000 species) ;. List V
for HYMENOPTERA (2530 species), DIPTERA (1500), HEMIPTERA (1700),
ORTHOPTERA (650), NEUROPTERA (450). List XI for SHELLS (5000).
PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.
OCALITY LABELS, neatly printed, 2s. 9d. per thousand, post
free (equal quantities of aot more than four sorts to the thousand, each sort on
a separate slip). Dr. D. Sharp says, “ These labels are perfectly satisfactory.”
J. H. KEYS, Printer, 7, Whimple Street, Plymouth.
Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :
A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Rosert McLacu.an,
F.R.S., F.L.8., &. Price, £3 10s.
First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.
London : GuRNEY & JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row, H.C.
Berlin: FrigDLANDER und Soun, 11, Carlstrasse.
EXCHANGE.
1 have a few specimens of Dytiscus lapponicus from Donegal, and Zygena
exulans (slightly worn) from Braemar, which I shall be glad to exchange.—J. H.
SoMERVILLE, Castellar, Crieff, Perthshire.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the
Session 1898 —9:—
Wednesday, October 5th, November 2nd and 16th, December 7th,
1898, and (Annual), January 18th, 1899.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.
A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, Is. per Vol. extra).
Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each,
The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.
Apply to the Publishers,
May 29th, 1898.
WATKINS & BONCASTER, Haturalisis,
Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
Net, 7/-; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 2/6; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 94., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very _
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in Jeather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1j- to 8/-.
Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 2d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
: *,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
; ~—sOW&BA.., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 13d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
A large stack of British, Ruropean, and Bxotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ Eggs,
INSEE OM@i @ GG Aas eins
The “DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &c.
GEFs ONLY ADDRESS—
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LONDON.
Birds and Mammals, ¥c., Preserved & Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
-
8 cond Series, No. 106.
een TNO, 413, ] OCTOBER, 1898. FParcn 6d.
4,005 THE
ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S8. R. WLACHLAN, F.RB.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RBS., &c.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.
oe See ee Se
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voorst’s Succrssors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
HH. H. MEBEHK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W,,
Supplies Entomologists with eberp Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
Seva etal
naan
mA.
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2]
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,& 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cicth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottie, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
HNTOMOLOGICAL CaBinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
= = —
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
‘© NaTuRE”’ contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO “NATURE.”
és & Uo 5 (To all places Abroad). 83 Ga Ge
Yearly ... as a ac (8) 0 Yearly ... wee Bc vee» LONG
Half-Yearly ... was 014 6 Half-Yearly ... iss 015 6
Quarterly ... cae see 076 Quarterly .... ar aay 08s @
Bioney Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin’s Street, London, W.C.
LI0
CONTENTS. PAGE
The fourth International Congress of Zoology .. 217
Ploiaria Beerensprungi, Dohrn: an addition to the List of British Reduviides.—
Gate: Champion, F.Z.S. . Been Peat = SER OSa ERT OER REE See eel Utr
Coleoptera, &c., in the Isle of Wight. at eee 218
Coleoptera, &e., at Chippenham and Wicken Fens.—J. J. Walker, R. N, F.L.S. 220
Anchoments gracilipes, Duftsch., in Britain: an additional record.—Claude
Morley, F.E.S., Sc. ..... Bue Aes R a year nae chaeol eed
A new species of Terias from Haiti. —Percy ik, Lathy .. si sstieaiine seseenies steerer’
Neuroterus Schlechtendali bred.—G. C. Bignell, F.E. s.. 224
Note on the seeond edition of Curtis’ British Entomology. —Rt. Hon. ‘Lord
Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., &c., and J. H. Durrant, F.E.S. 225
Aaschna borealis, Zett. (1840), = At. cerulea, Strom (1783), but not Aa. ae
mata, Mill. (1764).—R. MeLachlan, F.R.S., Fc. .. ..... . 226
What is Libellula nea, Linné?: a Sey in nomenclature. as Séanadacencan 2243}
Colias Edusa in 1898.—Hds.... ..... eo
Acronycta alni at Gloucester.—Rev. Canon W. W. ‘Fowler, D. A, eT She .. 231
Singular habit in Brephos parthenias. —Alfred Picklin ...... . 231
Oecurrence of Lozopera Beatricella, Wlsm., in Kent.—C. G, ‘Barrett, FES. ... 231
Orthotzenia ericetana in Scotland.—Rev. C. T. Cruttwell, M.A... rit oe
The List of Yorkshire Coleoptera.—W. L. Thompson ....... ppodocnene: AC
Platystethus alutaceus, Thoms., at Chobham.—E£. Saunders, P. pigua. Se 232
Langelandia anophthalma, Aubé, &c., at Broadstairs.—Rev. Theodore Wood,
FES. Peel esis coy Roce otsuaisealseinco) Mme aiach io acts b aps shosaioad sslgunanenoemeaioerncemacatse 233
Sparrows and Hive Bees. meer “Saunders, F.L. Sx panteeceac ate Doe:
Mecostethus grossus in the New Forest.—J. J. PF. X. ‘King, PBS. coc: SBOE wo)
Bittacus Hageni, Brauer, in Wallachia.—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., Se. ... . ...... 238
REVIEWs.—F urther Coccid Notes: (the late) W. M. Maskell . sdusagoandocon aH!
Fauna Regni Hungaries; Hemiptera: Dr. G. Horvath — 2 Gesenstaels, HOA
Insect Lives told by themselves: EH. Simpson .. Acid IMD MACAO Bce, 7-BIS)
Insects: foes and friends: W. Hgmont Kirby, M. D. sENaes nomcenuaens We
Soctety.—Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society ............ weve. 206
Stray Notes on some South African Lepidoptera.— C. G. Barrett, P. R. ss . 238
DE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLI, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARV4 ; numerous LIVING PUPA, &e.
Separate Price Lists X and XVI for COLEOPTERA (19,000 species); List V
for HYMENOPTERA (2530 species), DIPTERA (1500), HEMIPTERA (1700),
ORTHOPTERA (650), NEUROPTERA (450). List XI for SHELLS (5000).
PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.
Locality LABELS, neatly printed, 2s. 9d. per thousand, post
free (equa] quantities of not more than four sorts to the thousand, each sort on
a separate slip). Dr. D. Sharp says, “ These labels are perfectly satisfactory.”
J. H. KEYS, Printer, 7, Whimple Street, Plymouth.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 17tu.
A VALUABLE COLLECTION or EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.
ME. J.C. STEVENS will Sell by Auction, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, on Tuxspay, OctoBER 17th, at half- “past 12
precisely, 2 Valuable Collection of Fine, Scarce, ‘Showy, Exotic Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera, Cabinets, &c., &e.
On view Saturday prior, 10 till 4, and Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the
Session 1898—9:—
Wednesday, October 5th, November 2nd and 16th, December ‘th,
1898, and (Annual), January 18th, 1899.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
Rev. W. Farren WuitsE, from Stonehouse, Glos., to 16, Churchfield Road,
Haling, London, W.
EXCHANGE.
Duplicates : P. alpina,* exulans, caliginosa, craccze,* scolizforme,* chrysorrhea,*
orbicularia,* piceana,* alternata,* depuncta, fascelina,* avellanella, conflua (Shet-
land), flavicornis, spilodoctyla, resinana,* trepidaria, carbonaria, blandiata, suspecta,
alpinalis, albulalis var. thules, dahlii, myricee,* adusta, gothicina, lobulata, ridens,
eolquhounana, &c. Desiderata: very numerous, especially local forms and aberra-
tions.—Prrcy M. Bricut, Cranleigh, Wimborne Road, Bournemouth.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.
A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, Is. per Vol. extra).
Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each.
The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.
Apply to the Publishers.
May 29th, 1893.
WATKINS & BONCASTER, Haturalists,
Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
Net, 7/-; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 2/6; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/-;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 8d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Eid. Meyrick, _
B.A., F.Z.S., F.H.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 13d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
A large stock of British, Buropean, and &xotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ Eggs.
SIN A@Vi@ ae, @ Ghee Sy ENS
The ‘“ DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &c.
= ONLY ADDRESS—
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LONDON.
Birds and Mammals, Sc., Preserved & Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
vy
é) y/
yy
SGM TOMI ne et ay Se
No. 44. ] NOVEMBER, 1898. [Prin 6d.
NOV 29 lege ;
THE
140.05
ENTOMOLOGIST S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.8S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. WLACHLAN, F.R:S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &e.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“J’engage donc tous & éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.
a
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mg. Van Voorst’s SUCCESSORS),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
H. H. MBEHEK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, 8S.W,,
Supplies Zntomologists with eberp Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Oriters, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.
9 Ree
AnRADn
DPI I ID I DAA
Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.) ;
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
[mproved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
. Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/ 2
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLoGICAL CaBINeETS, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
““ NATURE” contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain ef
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals; Keports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO “NATURE.”
EB he 2s (To all places. Abroad). £5 OQ oh
Yearly ... tes ee poe gud Ws. telnet) Yearly ... seuieurciles pee 110 6
Half-Yearly ... 2 014 6 Half-Yearly ... ... 015 6
@uarterlyane- eo ee Omn eG Quarterly .. . .«. OO 8 O
Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin’s Street, London, W.C.
yg
CONTENTS. PAGE
Stray Notes on some Sonth African Lepidoptera (concluded).—C. G. Barrett,
BARRIERS ae ee au nG: Noon = SRBAR EEE amen aca han Ere ocorescctearictccn 241
On a new species of the genus Aprozrema, Drnt. (= Pnaee PPE auct.) from
England.—Hustace R. Bankes, M.A., F.H.S. ... 242
**Horn-feeding Larvze.”—Rt. Hon. Lord "Walsingham, ‘MM. ‘ae Gili iD FAR. igi, "with
note by J. Hartley Durrant, F.E.S. . ..... . 244
Hyperetes guestfalicus, Kolbe, a genus and species “of ‘Apterous ‘Psocides new
to Britain.—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., fc... . 247
On Neuroptera collected by Mr. Malcolm Burr in “Wallachia, ‘Bosnia, Hercego-
vina, &c., in July and August, 1898.—Id. . me 248
Notes on a mesh of Bombusg hortorum, race snbterranens. ania Eannages.
F.L.S. “ee : 250
Xylocoridea brevipennis, Reuter: a new genus “and species to the List of
British Hemiptera.—Id. _. eevee 2OL
Colias Edusa, &c., in the Isle of Sheppey. = i, - Walker, R. N, FL.S... ... 202
Colias Edusa near Guildford. —R. M. Prideauee.. ste Uechiaeee enon aoe
Colias Edusa near Land’s End.—C. Bartlett .. G8 1oneho nouo=e CbeccbobuBh: eoacRobse. Lom
Acronycia alni at Clifton.—Id. ... Siva eniawencesseapesin LOO
- Xanthia ocellaris, Bkh., &., at Woking. A. A. Saunders .. Rieates moseseson eos
Second Brood of ‘Lyceona alsus.—@. C. Griffiths, F.Z.8. . ... 253
Lyczena Lycidas in the Zermatt Valley.—Rev. F. E. Lowe, M. As FE. 8. . 263
Bombus Smithianus near Rye.—F. W. L. Staden.. Seieedepey COM
Callicera zenea, F., in the New Forest.—F. C. AMlencs, FZ. ca n aieattie stagos-setel OD
Mallota eristaloides, Lw., in the New Forest in 1898.—Id.. . 255
Coleopterous Notes for August. —Prof. T. Hudson peiihees B. Se., “F. R. 8. E., fe. . 255
Coleoptera near Bridgend. =p! Tomlin, F.E.S... 5008 ; .. 256
Nebria complanata, L., at Briton Ferry.—Id. ....... ea sheeeeee es rcieae: WO
Coleoptera at Llanfairfechan, North Wales.—£. Geo. ‘Elliman eres 257
Notes on a small varietal form of sei seneus, De: % occurring i in the Isle
of Wight.—G. C. Champion, F.Z.8... iB ARCErG ARES CRED eee Re Oe one aris)
Emesa mantis, F.: synonymical note. SLES 1 Cael aa Senha s pom eT
The Stainton Entomological Library.—Hds. ...... 2. .ccseecsceeeeeceeree sen eeecee ce vee 208
SOCIETIES.— Birmingham Entomological Society...............02.-0.eeeeeese ce cee eee ZOD
South London Entomological, &c., Society. Sho cdnodoAnadonnacadEadoodend 259
Entomological Society of London.. Sap . 261
Notes on the a anes is pereyros ae c poe e Stn. —risiase Ez . Bankes, J M. A,
F.E.S. ae ene ns 68 Saad Gao bas ontee . 263
DE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLI, offer more than 15,000 species of well:
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARY4; numerous LIVING PUPAL, &e.
Separate Price Lists X and XVI for COLEOPTERA (19,000 species) ; List V
for HYMENOPTERA (2530 species), DIPTERA (1500), HEMIPTERA (1700),
ORTHOPTERA (650), NEUROPTERA (450). List XI for SHELLS (5000).
PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.
MONDAY, DECEMBER. 5tu.
A portion of the well-known Collection of Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera
tormed by R. SOUTH, Esq., F.E.S.; also other small Collections of
British Insects, Books, Cabinets, &c.
ME. J. C. STEVENS will Sell the above by Auction at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, on Monpay, DrecemMBer 5th, at
half-past 12 precisely.
On view the Saturday prior, 10 till 4, and Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Locality LABELS, neatly printed, 2s. 9d. per thousand, post
free (equal quantities of not more than four sorts to the thousand, each sort on
a separate slip). Dr. D. Sharp says, “ These labels are perfectly satisfactory.”
J. H. KEYS, Printer, 7, Whimple Street, Plymouth.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
BIRMINGHAM ENTOMOLOGIcAL SocteTy to Norwich Union Chambers, Congreve
Street, Birmingham.
QGOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL & NATURAL HISTORY
, SOCIETY.—Merertines: November 10th—Exhibition of Varieties. November
24th—British Shells; Lecture and Lantern. December 8th—Dragonflies ; Lecture
and Lantern.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.
A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, 1s. per Vol. extra).
Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to ix can be had
separately at1l0s. each.
The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.
Apply to the Publishers.
May 29th, 1893.
WATRINS & DONCASTER, Hatumlisis,
Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
Net, 7/-; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 2/6; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houser, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz. ; Zine Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d.; Egg Drills, 2d., 8d.; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin
and English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- ;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
*,* Now ready—The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Hd. Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 14d. each, 8d. per dozen, or 4/- per 100; Label Lists, 1/6 each.
A large stock of British, Buropean, and &xotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ Eggs.
EN SE @ M@ i @©GI@ ALE, aN S-
The ‘ DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &Xc.
Gs ONLY ADDRESS— ;
36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LONDON. :
Birds and Mammals, §c., Preserved ¥ Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (66 pp.) sent post free to any address on application
——
Second Series, No. 108.
[No. 445.) J DECEMBER, 1898. [Price 6d.
DEC 20 198 «= THE |
ENTOMOLOGISTS |
$7005
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
EDITED BY
C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. WLACHLAN, F.BS.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.8. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &c.
—__——
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IX.
[VOL. XXXIV.]
“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéene.
ee
LONDON:
GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.
NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,
BH. H. MERK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomalogists with eberp Requisite
OF THE BEST MAKE. ~
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.
All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will-receive immediate attention.
~~,
~
Stee! Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d.,1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/
Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/
The New Glass Killing Bottie, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.
Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINETS, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
“NATURE,”
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE Gd.
‘‘ NaturE” contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of ,
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also”
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works; Correspondence Columns, which —
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO “NATURE.”
£s.d. (To all places Abroad). £ os. d.
Yearly ... 60 ai on 18s: 0 Yearly ... ie oe a 10 6
Healf-Yearly ... 2 014 6 Half-Yearly ... aa 015 6
Quarterly ... se se 076 Quarterly 08s 0
Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin’s Street, London, W.C.
wy
CONTENTS. PAGE
Ephemeride taken by Mr. McLachlan in the district of the Lac de Joux oe
Jura) in 1898.—Rev. A. H. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S.. : 265
Homalota (Rhopolocera) clavigera, Scriba: an Dadition is ihe eet ‘of Been
Staphylinidw.—G. C. Champion, F.Z.8. setae . 266
Quedius ete ia Muls.: an additional British record: Canis Morten:
LOOSE epson Cia haeh ttc Ac ogo cos SEER Seon bor a tociaananter menoson ob Tupeo sac eurnesane cdg Cor 267
Additions, Bots 4s the List of British piers during 1898.—G. C. eT ee
IOS, ee eesoyesees . 269
Lepidoptera at Siecirie. light a eave Bs Hugi Tones. F. E. Si FR G270
On two species of Calopterygine from the Island of Lombock, Hah parcel
notes. —R. McLachlan, F.RS., Sc.... .. Manga Shai scer cree
Observations on Dryophanta disticha.—@. C. Bera B. B. ce a . 275
A new British Dipteron: Ceroplatus sesioides, Wahlb. ?—F. C. Adam, I B. Z. s. 276
Description of the larva of Caradrina ambigua.—G. T. Porritt, F.L.8. . YAS
A third brood of Pieris brassicze.—James J. Walker, R.N., mgs Dae seen Ue:
Late appearance of Pyrameis cardui.—R. M. Prideaua ........ seinen She
Sphinx convolvuli, &c., in North Devon.—G. B. Longstaff, M. D., Wi 0.0 aan ile
Bucculatrix Demaryella, Stn., feeding on hazel.—H. R. Bankes, M.A., P. B. 8... . 279
Anchomenns gracilipes : Gomrction.. Glande ilar Hei, TOLIDUS | 386 ap 2 Baooopenene 0)
Xylophilus brevicornis, Perris, at Heathfield, Sussex.— W. A. Beevor ............ 279
Harpalus discoideus, Fab., at Oxford.—W. Holland _....... oe 2
Trachys pumila, Ill., and aeher beetles in Kent.—A. J. Crit i. ie FP. BE. s. no BOE
Crabro gonager, Tene in Kensington.—Id. ............ Tole) ho etiee sd oma oh 280
Hystrichopsylla talpze, Grav., ab Dodington, ene ay Read cere ce ae aena kn ROO)
Oxfordshire Diptera in 1898. <6. C. Hughes .. 300085 dd Had DOOBSONEO Ee enRecrodeIsoE c-1shU)
EAS eis eget NGM Ses PENN EDRs Ce mcrae Misco is ods acts thous dus sists cige oie ayes opiassosiaiesines sigan sais mick BONY
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