Full text of "The Entomologist's monthly magazine"

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE

CONDUCTED BY

H. a. KNAGGS, M.D., F.L.S. E. C. RYE.

R McLACHLAN, P.L.S. H. T. STAINTON, F.E.S.

VOL. IX.

'^Guessing is not knowing, and faith is not science.'"

B. I). Walsh.

LONDON :
JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

1872-73.

LOKDON :
NAPIEE, PEINTEE, SETMOFE STEEET, EFSTON SQUARE, N.W,

PEEFACE,

The time has arrived when, according to our biennial custom, we
should address a few words to our readers.

As regards, mere financial matters, the current circulation of the
Magazine is greater than at any former period ; the receij)ts for Yol.
viii slightly exceeding those for Yol. iv, notwithstanding the advantage
the latter has received from the sale of back stock.

Having no pecuniary end in view (other than that of endeavouring
to " make both ends meet ") we have been enabled to maintain a
thoroughly independent position, and have thereby gained, as we
believe, the confidence of those whose esteem we value.

The character of the Magazine has remained almost unaltered from
its commencement, and is, judging from the experience of nine years,
apparently that best suited to the majority of its supporters. At
all events, we have not exhibited that most inherent sign of weakness
— instability of purpose. Controversy has been avoided as much as
possible, because in it there is alw ays a tendency to allow feeling to
obtain the mastery over judgment. The pruning-knife has occasionally
been vigorously applied ; and, although its use may have sometimes
caused temporary irritation, we feel sure that, in most cases, calm
reasoning has justified the operation. Our object is to further ento-
mological science, not to gratify the self-esteem of individuals.

1 , Pateruoster Row :
Mai/, 1873.

INDEX

PAOK PAOE

General Index i. . ljst of Contributors xiv.

Entomological Society ix.

Special Index —

Coleoptera xi.

Diptera xii.

Hemiptera-H eteroptera xii.

,, Homoptera xii.

Hymenoptera xii.

Lepidoptera xii.

Neuroptera ,.. xiv.

Genera and Species new to Science., xvi.

„ „ ,, ,, ,, Britain., xviii.

Larv^ of Britlsh Specie.s described., xix.

Reviews xix.

Obituary xix.

Woodcuts xx.

Errata xx.

INDEX TO GENERAL SUBJECTS.

PAGE

Abundance of Niptus hololeucus, Unusxial ... ... ... ... .. 119

Acanthosoma griseum, Note on the liabits of ... ... ... ... ... 13

Account of a four days' trip to Sherwood Forest, A short ... ... ... 139

AcidaUa degeneraria, Natural history of ... ... ... ... ... ... 115

„ iucanaria, „ ,, „ ... ... ... ... ... 246

„ larrse, Notes on forcing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 197

Acidota eruentata, Mann., var. feiTUginea, Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph.,

p. 862 ; Kraatz ; Note on 190

Acrognathus, A new locahty for ... ... ... ... ... ... 11

Acronycta alni, &c., at Lyndhurst ... ... ... ... ... ... .. Ill

,, „ Note on the larva of ... ... ... ... ... ... 195

Afi'ican Diurnal Lepidoptera, Descriptions of a new species of ... ... 147

„ Lepidoptera, Descriptions of new species of ... ... ... ... 209

Agapanthia niicans, Paykull, Note on . . . ... ... ... ... ... 190

Agrionina from Madagascar, Description of a remarkable new species of ... 1

Agriotes sordidus, Note on capture of ... ... ... ... ... 12

Agrothcreutes Hopei, Gr., Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 119

Agrotis cursoria. Natural history of ... ... ... .. ... ... 14

Anchocelis litura, „ „ „ ... ... ... ... ... ... 39

Anisopteryx aescularia, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 272

Anisotoma brunnea (Sturm.), Er., a distinct species from A. obesa, Schmidt,

Note on the occurrence in England of ... ... ... ... 135

„ lunicoUis, Note on ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 1.36

" Annual Report, Fourth, on the Noxious, Beneficial and other insects of

Missouri," by C. V. Eiley ... .. ... ... ... ... 47

Anobium, Ravages of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59

Antispila Rivillei, Notes on the breeding of ... ... ... ... ... 54

Apatura Ilia in England, Occurrence of ... ... ... ... ... 217, 244

„ Iris and A. Ilia, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 270

Aphidius from Britain, Description of a new species of . . . ... ... ... 123

Argynnis Lathonia at Dover ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 111,161

„ „ near Folkstone ... ... ... ... ... ... Ill

» „ „ Ramsgate ... ... ... ... ... ... Ill

PAGE

Arthronomalue longicornis, Leach (electricus, Gervais), On reversed motion of

the limbs of 218

Aspidisca bred from poplar leaves .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... 17

Bagou3 new to Britain, Note on a species of ... ... ... ... ... 242

Balaninus brassica;, Fab., On the spinning of the larva of ... ... ... 192

Baridius scolopaceiis. Germ., Note on further British examples of ... ... 117

Blind Beetles in bees'-nests, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 12

Brachjcentrus and its case, The larva of the Trichopterous genus ... ... 1G6

"Breck "-sand, Norfolk, On the Lepidoptcra of the .. ... .. ... 18

Brephos notha, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... ... 41

British Coleoptera, Additions to the list of ... ... ... ... ... 5,156

„ Notes on, including three species new to our list ... ... 3G

Dolichopodidse, List of . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 71

Hemiptcra — an additional genus and species ... ... ... ... 4

„ : new species, Homoptera ... ... ... ... ... 210

„ — Homoptera, On certain [Revision of the family Delpliacidfe] 238

„ ,, ,, ,, [Revision of the genus Acocephalus,

and descriptions of two species not hitherto regarded

as British] 2G4

Psocidse, An addition to the list of (Stenopsocus stigmaticus, Imhoff

and Labram) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 63

Syrphidse, Additions and corrections to the list of ... ... 251, 258

Tortrices, Notes on 25,212,266

„ On the, of the genera Dicrorampha and Endopisa, as re-

stricted by Wilkinson ...
Bruchus, Note on swarms of . . .

„ On the superficial sexual characters of the British species of

Butterflies at sea

„ from the West Coast of Africa, Description of two new
Butterfly (Euploea) from Java, Description of a new
Calosoma sycophanta at Plymouth
Capture of a Scymnus new to the British List

„ „ Lymexylon uavale in Cheshire, Note on a recent ...
„ „ Tachinus rufipennis in Yorkshire...
Captures at Weybridge
„ „ Witherslack

„ during the month of March
„ of Hemiptera ...

„ and Coleoptera at Deal, Notes on

Lcpidoptera in 1872

„ „ Sherwood Forest

„ „ the Isle of Sheppy, in 1872

„ near Aberdeen, in 1871 ...

„ „ Fleetwood

Carabidae, Notes on Cicindelida? and, and descriptions of new species
Carabus auratus in London, Capture of

,, intricatus in South Devon, Capture of ...

... 25

217
... 191

246
... 232

263
... 117

117
... 158

159
... 119
66,140
... 21

193
... 192

248
... 140

162
42

162

.. 49

.. 11

Ul.
PAGE

" Carding" and pinning of insects, Note on the ... ... ... ... 219

„ beetles, Note on 13(5

Carsia iiubutata, Natural history of ... ... ... ... ... ... 92

Celoena Haworthi, „ „ „ ... ... ... ... 195

Chalcididous larvae in the imago of Cjnips, Note on the oecurrenco of ... 13

Change of nomenclature (Phlceophilns, Schiin.) ... ... ... ... 86

Choerocampa Celerio at Cromer ... . . . . . . ... ... 272

Clirysopa, Note on the oviposition of ... . ... . ... 60

„ septempunctata, Wesmael, Duration of the egg-state of ... 88

Cicindelida3 and Carabidse, Notes on, and descriptions of new species ... ... 49

Cloantha solidaginis, Description of the larva of ... ... ... 92

Clytus erythrocephalus. Fab., Note on the occurrence in England of ... 215, 268

Coleoptera, &c.. Additions to the list of British, including description of a

new species of Thyamis ... ... ... ... ... ... 156

„ allied to Meloe, On a new genus and species of .. ... ... 31

„ at Caterham, Surrey, Notes on .. ... ... ... ... 159

„ „ Deal, Notes on Captiu-es of Hemiptera and ... ... ... 192

„ British, Additions to the list of ... . . ... ... ... 5

„ of Japan, with descriptions of three new species. On the Pectinicorn 277

„ from Chili, Descriptions of new species of ... ... ... 207

„ „ Japan (Endoniychidse and Cucujidae), Descriptions of a new

genus and two new species of . ... ... ... 257

„ „ the Manchester district. Notes on rare British . . ... 270

„ in Kent, &c., Captures of ... ... ... .. ... ... 118

„ „ the Isle of Sheppy, &c., Captures of ... ... ... ... 216

„ „ „ New Forest, Notes on 86

„ near Maidstone, Captures of ... ... ... ... ... ... 12

„ Notes on British, including three species new to our list ... 36

,, ,, ,, winter captures of ... ... . . .. ... ... 269

„ of Slapton, Notes on tlie, with description of a new species of

Scopiieus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33

Colias Edusa, Early appearance of ... ... .. .. ... ... 68

Colour and edibility of larvae. Notes on the relations between ... ... 45,68

Cossonus linearis of British collections. Note on the ... ... ... ... 243

Crambus (verellus, Zk.), A new British ... ... • ... ... ... 88

Crinodes Sommeri and Tarsolepis remicauda. Note on ... ... .. 98,111,164

„ „ , Answer to Mr. Ritsema's note on ... ... ... 198

Cryptophagus crenatus, Gyll., Note on the synonymy of .. ... ... 244

CucuUia absynthii in Somersetshire ... ... ... ... , ... 161

„ asteris, &c.. New locality for ... ... ... ... ... ... 162

Curious locality for Homalium Allardi ... ... ... ... ... .. 268

Damaster from Japan, Description of a new species of ... ... ... 131

Dascillidaj, Observations on some British species of, with description of a

new species of Cyphon ... ... ... .. ... ... 154

Depressaria depressella. On the lai-va of ... ... ... .. ... ... 144

„ Douglasella near Blackpool ... ... ... ... ... 113

„ Yeatiana, Larva of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 113

Dianthoecia caesia. Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 64

Dicrorampha consortana and Retiuia Buoliana at Preston ... ... ... 67

PAGE

273

167

, 268

205
198
199

"Die Pflanzen-Feinde avis der Classe der Insecten," by J. H. Kaltenbacli ..

Diurnal Lepidoptera from Madagascar, Descriptions of new species of

Does Orthosia ypsilon hibernate as egg or larva ?
Dolicliopodidse, List of British
Dragon-flies at sea

Edleston, Robert Smith, Death of

Eidopliasia Messingiella and Catoptria aspidiscana, Note on ...

,, „ near Wolverton

Elater pomonse, Note on

Endomjchidffi collected m Japan by Gr. Lewis, Esq., A list of, with descrip-
tions of new genera and species
Endopisa nigricana. Note on ...
Entomological Society, Haggerston

„ „ Proceedings of the 24, 47, 69, 167, 199, 221, 250, 274, 292

„ „ „ South London 69,220

Ephestia artemisiella. Description of the larva, &c., of ... ... ... 143

Epidemic among Xanthochloriis (tenellus, Wied. ? ), On a fungoid ... ... 45

Erotylidte collected by Greorge Lewis, Esq., in Japan, A descriptive list of 184

Eubolia lineolata, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... ... 197

Eulepia cribrum at Wimbledon Common ... ... ... ... ... 139

Eupithecia pygmoeata, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 65

,, „ Larvfe of ... ... ... ... ... ... 42

„ subcdiata. Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 16

„ „ Note on the habits of ... ... ... ... ... 65

„ togata. Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... ... 114

On the habits of 113

European Butterfly, On the supposed new species of ... ... ... 290

Extraordinary circumstance regarding a Dipterous insect ... ... ... 46

„ migration of Pyrameis cardui ... ... ... ... 149

Fen-district, Notes on collecting in the ... ... ... ... ... ... 89

Formica fusca ; two (? in copula with one $ ... ... ... ... ... 120

Forms of Zygaena trifolii. On the ... ... ... ... ... ... 14

Fungoid epidemic among Xanthochlorus (tenellus, Wied. ? ), On a ... ... 45

Gray, George Eobert, Esq., F.R.S., Death of 23

Haggerston Entomological Society ... ... ... ... ... ... 199

Halouota grandaevana, ZeUer, Occurrence in Britain of ... ... ... ... 272

Hemei'obius inconspicuous (Mc L.) at Rannoch ... ... ... ... 88

Hemiptcra and Coleoptera at Deal, Notes on captures of ... ... ... 192

,, British — an additional genus and species ... ... ... 4

„ „ : new species (Homoptera) ... ... ... ... . . 210

„ Captures of . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 193

„ -Homoptera, On certain British [Revision of the Family Delphacidre] 238
„ „ „ ,, „ [Revision of the genus Acocephalus

and descriptions of two species, not hitherto regarded as British] 264

Heteromera, Notes on, and descriptions of now genera and species 97, 133, 149, 181

201, 233, 259

Homalium AUardi, Curious locality for ... ... ... ... ... ... 268

Hydradephaga near York ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12

152
120

221

Hydrophilida3 from New Zealand, Description of a new genus and species of,
and of a new species of Philhydrus from Great Britain ...

Hydroptilidoe, Proposed revision of the Trichopterous family ...

Hymenoptera," Part 2, compiled by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, "A Catalogiie of
British

Ichnoumonida?, Descriptions of two new species of (Anomalon and Mesoster-
nus) from Great Britain

Ilybius aenescens. Thorns., Note on

Instructions for the collection and preservation of Neuropterous Insects 99, 168, 225

Isolation, Note on possible effects of ... ... ... ... ... ... 243

Japan, On a new Coleopterous genus from

Laboulbene's opening address as President of the French Entomological
Society, Extract from Dr.

Lamprias (Lebia) chi-ysocephalus, Motsch., Note on

Larridae (Hymenoptera), Description of a new genus and two exotic species

of the family ...
Larva of Acronycta alni. Note on the

„ „ Anisopteryx aescularia. Description of the

„ „ Balaninus brassicse. Fab., On the spinning of ...

„ „ Brephos notha, Description of the ...

„ „ Cloantha solidaginis, Description of the

„ „ Depressaria depressella, On the

„ „ „ Yeatiana

„ „ Dianthcecia CECsia, Description of the

„ „ Eubolia lineolata. Description of the ...

„ „ Eupithecia pygmseata. Description of the .. .

„ „ „ subciliata, „ „ „

» » » togata, „ „,,...

„ „ Nola strigula. Description of the

„ „ Tephrosia consonaria, Description of the ...

„ &c., of Ephestia artemisiella. Description of the ...

„ The, of the Trichopterous genus Braehycentrus and its case . .
Larvae of Eupithecia pygmseata

Lasiosomus_enervis,''II.-Schf., near Chatham, Capture of
Laverna atra, Habit of
Lepidoptera at Guestling in 1872

„ first discovered in Britain by the late Mr. J. C. Dale, List of the

species of

„ in 1872, Captures of ...

„ „ Sherwood Forest, Captures of

„ „ the Isle of Sheppy in 1872, Captures of...

„ near Aberdeen in 1871, Captures of

„ „ Fleetwood, Captures of . . .

„ observed in Sussex during 1872 ...

„ of the " Breck "-sand, Norfolk, On the

„ „ „ Lancashire and Cheshire Sand-hills, Notes on the

„ Eare, taken in the Isle of Man 44, 68, 113, 164

Licinus silphoides. Strange habitat of .. ... ... ... ... ... 119

Liosomus, Note on a second British sjiecies of ... ... ... ... ... 242

Locality for Homalium Allardi, Curious ... ... ... ... ... ... 268

PAGE

Lycaena Arthurus, H. new European Butterfly, Description of ... ...263 (290)

Lymexjlon navale in Chesliire, Note on a recent capture of ... ... ... 158

Magdalinus carbonarius, Note on the food-plant of .. ... ... 39

Meloe, A new genus and species of Coleoptera allied to ... ... 31

Microscopic observation, On mounting small insects for .. .. ... ... 273

Migration of Pyrameis cardui. Extraordinary ... ... ... ... 149

Mimetic analogy, A case of, among the British Geometrte ... ... ... 163

Mimicry between spiders and flowers ... ... ... ... ... ... 69

,, in the colours of insects ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78

Morayshire Noctuse in 1872 .. 141

Mounting small insects for microscopic observation, On... ... ... ... 273

Neolucanus from Northern India, A new species of . . . ... ... ... 53

Neuropterous insects. Instructions for the collection and preservation of 99, 168, 225

New names for a long known Lepidopteron ... ... ... ... ... 94

„ sugaring lamp , 199,220,250

Niptus hololeiicus, Unustial abundance of .. ... ... ... ... 119

Nola strigula. Description of the larva of .. . ... ... ... ... ... 15

Notes on a paper entitled " Die schweizerischen Arten dcr Bienen-Gattung

Anthidium," [issued] by Walther Schmidt., Oberfoerster ... 95

British Coleoptera, including three species new to our list ... .. 3G

British Tortrices 124,212,266

„ „ , Remarks on Mr. Barrett's .. ... ... ... 176

captures of Hemiptera and Coleoptera at Deal ... ... ... 192

, Cicindelidse and Carabidas and descriptions of new species ... ... 49

Coleoptera at Caterham, Surrey ,.. ... ... .. ... 159

„ in the New Forest ... ... .. ... ... ... 86

collecting in the Fen-district ... ... ... ... ... 89

forcing Acidalia larvae .. ... ... ... ... .. 197

Heteromera and descriptions of now genera and species 97, 133, 149, 181

201, 233, 259
, rare British Coleoptera from the Manchester district ... ... 270

I the breeding of Antispila Rivillei ... ... ... ... 54

„ Coleoptera of Slapton, with description of a new species of

Scopreus ... ... ... ... ... 33

,, Lepidoptera of the Lancashire and Cheshire sand-hills ... 21

two new genera of Psocidoj ... ... ... . . ... ... 145

winter captures of Coleoptera ... ... ... ... ... 269

Occurrence in Britain of Halonota granda?vana, Zeller .. .. 272

,, England of Anisotoma brunnea (Sturm), Er., a distinct species

from A. obesa, Schmidt, Note on the... ... ... ... 135

„ England of Clythus erythrocephalus, Fab., Note on the ... 215, 268
near Dover of Syntomis Phegea, a genus and species new to Britain 160

of Apatura Ilia in England ... ... ... ... ... 217,244

„ Sisyra Dalii, McLach., in abundance ... ... ... ... 62

Ocypus morio, Auctt., Note on .. ... ... ... .. ... .. 60

On the superficial sexual characters of the British species of Bruchus . . . 191

Orthosia ypsilon, Does, hibernate as eggs or larva ? ... ... .. ... 66

Otiorhynclius monticola, Germ., Note on .. ... ... ... ... 290

,, tenebricosus, Note on ... ... ... ... .. ... 269

Vll.
PAGB

Ovipositioii of Chrysopa, Note on the .. ... ... ... ... ... 60

„ „ Pterophorua pentadactylus, L., in confinement, On the ... 144

Papilio from Lagos, Description of a new species of... ... ... ... 146

Parry, Thomas, Death of 292

Pectinicoru Coleoptera of Japan, with descriptions of three new species, On the 277

Pelobius Hei-manni, The sounds produced by ... ... ... ... ... 60

Pentatoma juuiperina, Note on the capture of ... ... ... ... 291

Philhydrus from Great Britain, Description of a new genus and species of

Hydropliilidte from New Zealand, and of a new species of ... ... 152

Pieris Daplidice at Dover ... .. ... ... ... ... ... Ill

,, „ near Folkstone ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Ill

Plusia orichalcea at Q-lauville's Wootton and other captures of Lepidoptera 88

Polia chi. Natural history of ... ... ... ... 290

Possible effects of isolation, Note on ... ... .. ... .. ... 243

Practical hint for Lepidopterists ... ... ... ... ... ... 45

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London ... 24, 47, 69, 167, 199, 221,

250, 274, 292
„ „ „ South London Entomological Society .. ... ... 69, 220

Psocidte, An addition to the list of British (Stenopsocus stigmaticus, Im-

lioff and Labram) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 63

„ Descriptions of a new genus and five new species of exotic ... 74

„ Notes on two new genera of ... ... ... ... ... 145

Pterophorus pentadactylus, L., in confinement. On the oviposition of ... 144

Ptinus testaceus, 01., Note on Tribolium confusum, Duv., and .. ' ... ... 268

Pyrameis cardui, Extraordinary migi'ation of ... ... ... ... 149

Rare British Coleoptera from the Manchester district, Notes on ... ... 270

„ Lepidoptera taken in the Isle of Man ... ... ... 44, 68, 113., 164

Kavages of Anobium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59

Relations between colour and edibility of larvae, Notes on the ... ... 45, 68

Remarks oil Mr. Barrett's " Notes on Britisli Toi'trices " ... ... ... 176

Retinia Buoliana at Preston, Dicrorampha consortaua and .. ... ... 67

Reversed motion of the limbs of Arthronomalus longicoruis. Leach, (electricus,

Gei'vais), On 218

Rhinoncus subfasciatus, Saltatory power of ... ... ... ... ... 119

Rhopalocera, Descriptions of seven new exotic ... ... ... ... 83

Robinson, Coleman T., Death of .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 96

Scymnus new to the British List, Capture of a ... ... ... ... ... 117

Sherwood Forest, A short account of a four days' trip to ... ... ... 289

Sisyra Dalii, McLach., in abundance. Occurrence of ... ... ... ... 62

Sound, The, produced by Pelobius Hermanni ... ... ... ... 60

South London Entomological Society, Proceedings of the ... ... 69,220

Sphinx convolvidi and its habits, On the lai-va of ... ... ... 286

Spinning of the larva of Balaninus brassica;. Fab., On the ... ... .., 192

Sterrha sacraria at Manchester... ... ... ... ... ... ... lyo

Sugaring Lamp, New ... ... .. ... ... .. 199, 220, 2.jO

Swarms of Bruchus, Note on ... ... ... . ... ... ... 217

Syntomis Pliegea, L., a genus and species new to Britain, Occurrence

near Dover of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... IGO

Syrphidee, Additions and corrections to Mie list of British .. ... ... 251, 281

Tachinus rufipennis in Yorkshire, Capture of

Tarsolepis remicauda, Note on Crinodes Sommeri and ... ... Ill,

Teplirosia consonaria, Description of the larva of

"The British species of Crarabus ; " by F. Buchanan White, M.D ..

" The Micrographic Dictionary," 3rd edition, edited by J. W. Griffith,
Rev. J. M. Berkeley, and T. Rupert Jones ...

Thrips soiling framed engravings

Tortrices, Notes on British ... ... ... ... ... ... 124,

„ On the British, of the genera Dicrorampha and Endopisa, as
stricted by Wilkinson ...

Tortricidse at Guestling

TrachyphlcEus alternans, Note on

"Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 1871-72 ...

Tribolium confusum, Duv., and Ptinus testaceus, 01., Note on ...

Trichopterous family. Hydroptilidse, Proposed revision of the

„ genus Brachycentrus and its case. The larva of ...

Trichoptei'ygia, Notes on, with descriptions of two new species
Triphseua subsequa, Early appearance of ...

„ „ Natural history of

Vanessa autiopa at Cambridge .. .

,, Chatteris

„ Darlington, &c.

,, Great Yarmouth

„ Guestling, near Hastings .. .

,, Hitchin ..

„ Hull

„ Lewisham

„ Ramsey, Hunts. ...

„ Southend, Essex

„ Southsea

„ Tunbridge Wells

„ Twickenham ... ...

in Dumfries-shire...

„ Hyde Park

„ January

„ Leicester

,, Leicestershire

„ Middlesex

„ Morayshire...

„ Northumberland and Durham

„ November

„ Suffolk

„ Surrey ...

„ the West Riding ...

,, Yorkshire

near Colcliester ...
„ Eltham ...

„ Erith

„ Folkstone
Heme

PAGK

... 159
164, 198
... 17

47
the
... 22

212, 266

re-

... 249

290

. . 268

120
... 166

178

... 68

109
... 110

111
... 88

138
... 107

109
... 107

110
... 109

138
... 110

109
... 137

109

217
... 110

161
... 110
108, 161
... 245
... 161

138
... 110

110

... 245

... 137

.109, 137

... 108

109
... 108

PAGE

Vanessa Antiopa hibernated at Folkestone ... ... ... ... ... 290

„ „ near Leeds ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 109

„ „ „ Norwich 108

„ York 110

„ „ , Pieris Daplidice, and Argynuis Lathonia at Dover ... ... Ill

„ „ „ „ „ „ „ near Folkstone .. Ill

„ „ The recent invasion of G-reat Britain by ... 105, 130, 131, 138

Wesmael, Pi'ofessor, Death of . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 167

Winter captures of Coleoptera, Notes on ... ... ... ... 269

Xanthochlorus (tenellus, Wied. ? ), On a fungoid epidemic among ... ... 45

Xylotrupes dichotomus, L., Note on .. .. ... ... ... ... 289

Zoological Eecord, The 273

Zygsena trifolii. On the forms of ,. ... ... ... ... ... ... 14

INDEX OF SUBJECTS NOTICED IN THE PEOCEEDINGS
OF THE ENTOMOLOOICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

PAGE

Abhandlungen der schweiz. Naturforsch. Gesellschaft, Entomological papers in 200
Acentropus, Supplementary notes on ... ... ... ... 200

Acherontia Atropos, Sound produced by ... ... ... ... 70

200

... 70

274

... 70

274

... 250

200

... 48

... 276

16'7

... 24

167, 200, 276

... 274

276

... 221

.. 276

... 250

... 47

200, 221, 275

... 221

200

... 292

„ „ Variety of larva of

Achreioptera, On the order ...
Acronycta psi and tridens. Notes on
Agrotera nemoralis from Abbot's Wood
Anaitis plagiata, Forms of
Annual Meeting

Anomalon fasciatum, new to Bi'itain
Antispila Eivillei, Mines of ...
Ants in the Island of May, Plague of
Arseocerus coffese alive at Basle
Argynnis Lathonia from Dover
Aspidisca from Oregon
Atropos and Clothilla, Nomenclature of

' Bibliotheca Entomologica,' List of papers omitted from Hagen's
Bombycidse from Natal . .
Buprestidse from the Pelew Islands, &c.

„ „ Sexes of ..

Butterflies with eye-like spots. Sexual difference in
Calosoma sycophanta on the putrid body of a dead man
Cerastis ery throcephala from Darenth Wood
Cetoniidse from Java
Coccus on cork-oak, Bei-ry-like species of
Coleoptera, New British species of
Cossonidse from Japan, List of species of
Crambus verellus from Folkstone ...
Cynips, On the sexes of
Dragon-flies attacked by birds

PAGE

Fertility and infertility in Lcpidoptera .. ... ... ... ... 48

rormicidfe from Calcutta ... ... ... ... .. 167,275

Eossll Butterfly in the Stonesfield slate ... ... ... ... 167

&all on cinnamon ... ... .. ... ... ... 251

G-asteracantlia, Monograph of the genus ... ... ... ... 251

Q-eodephaga from Japan, List of ... ... ... •■• ... 274

G-nat, On the habits of the ... ... ... ... ... ... 167

Gonopterys rhamni feeding on Ehamnus alaternus ... ... ... 48

Hydroptilidse, Monograph of the family ... ... ... ... 251

Hymenoptera fi'om India ... ... ... .. ... 250

„ Japan ... ... ... ... ... 24,274

IchueiimonidEB, &c., Catalogue of British ... ... ... ... 167

„ pedunculated cocoon of Ceylonese species of ... ... 270

Lepidoptcra from Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... 275

Varieties of British ... ... ... ... ... 200

Longicoms from Chontales, List of ... ... ... ... 24

Lucanoid Coleoptera, Supplementary paper on ... ... ... ... 292

Luciola italica, Distribution of ... ... ... ... ... 251

Microgaster from Ceylon, Notes on species of ... ... ... ... 48

Mimicry between Diptera and Hymenoptera ... ... ... 275

„ „ a Pentatoma and the bark of trees ... ... ... 292

Myriopod from California, Living specimen of ... ... ... 251

Nematus destroyed by Picromerus bidens ... ... ... ... 200

Nephopteryx argyrella from G-ravesend ... ... ... ... 200

Nomenclature ... ... ... ... ... 70,167,200,278

Ozognathus cornutus bred from gall from Cahfornia .. . ... ... 167

Papilionidse, Variation of neui'atiou in .. . ... ... ... ... 167

Paussua from Abyssinia, Species of ... ... ... ... 275

Phylloxera vastatrix ... ... ... ... ... ... 221

Phytophaga from Japan, List of ... ... ... ... ... 200

vieris Daplidice from Dover ... .. ... .. ... ... ■ 167

Psila rosse, Larvae of, discharged in phlegm ... ... ... ... 274

Pteris aquilina, Gall-making Diptera on ... ... ... ... 70

Pidex from nest of mouse, Species of ... ... ... ... 250

Queen-Bees, do they sting ? ... ... ... ... ... 200

Silk from broken cocoons. Method of obtaining ... ... ... ... 275

Sphingidse from Japan, Drawings of transformations of .... ... 221

Syrphidaj, New British species of .. ... ... ... ... 292

Syrphus lasiophthalmus. Malformed example of ... ... ... 24

Tenebrionidoe, New genei'a and species of ... ... ... 200, 292

Tineina attacking dried mosses and lichens ... ... ... ... 200

Tribolium fcrrugineum destroying ground-nuts ... ... ... ... 276

Trichopterous case, A quadrangular .. ... ... ... 250

Trombidium from Spitsbergen .. ... ... ... ... 251

Vanessa Antiopa from Weybridge ... ... ... ... ... 200

Water-Beetles of Japan, List of the ... ... ... ... ... 221

SPECIAL INDEX.

(for species new to science or added to the BRITISH LISTS, AND FOR
lART^ DESCRIBED, VIDE POSt).

COLEOPTERA.

rliombeus ...
Atomaria badia

furaata ...

Balaninus brassies, On tlie spimiiug of

tlie larva of 192

Baridius scolopaceus ... ... ... 117

Bcmbidium 4-pustulatum 118

Sturmii 118

Brucbus, c5 characters of ... ... ... 191

rufimanus swarming ... ... 217

Calosoma sj'cophanta at Plymouth ... 117
Carabus auratus in London ... ... 11

intricatus ... ... ... ... 11

Cassidii hemi.sphffirica ... ... ... 160

CeuthorhyncLideus hepaticus ... 88, 118
pumilio ... ... 119

Ceuthorhynchus punctiger ... ... 160

urtica; 160

Chorasmius, F. Bates ... ... ... 135

Clambus pnnctuhim

Clytus eri'throcephalus in Jhigland 215, 268

Corticaria (? obscura, Bris.)

Wollastoni
Cossonus lerrugineus, Clairv. (lineari

Brit, coll.)

PAGE

.:: 97

. 190
. 11

Acanthosternus,' Montr. ...
Acidota cruentata, var. ferruginea
Acrognathus maudibularis at Eslier

Adelium triste, Montr

Adelops Wollastoni jn a bees' nest ... 12
Agaricophagus cephalotes... ... ... 159

Agriotes sordidus at Hampton and Chat-
ham 12

Aleochara cuniculonim, var. ... ... 24'3

Alphitobius lateralis, Boh. 202

Auc.ylopoma, Pascoe, On the position of
Ancylopus melanocephalus
Aniara, Lac, Sj'nonymy of
Anisotoma grandis...
lunicoUis
Anobiam, Ravages of
Aphodius niger
Apion anuulipes

Schosnherri ...
Aryenis, F. Bates, On the position of
Athous diftbrmis ...

205

159

136

160

216, 269

118

87, 270

. 10
. 269
of
243

PA&B
. 270

Crepidodera pubescens

Cryptophagus crenatus, Gyll., Synonymy

of 244

punctipennis ... ... 9

ruficornis re-described ... 38

Cj'phon fuscicornis ... ... ... 154

nitidulus ... ... ... ... 154

pallidiventris ... ... ... 154

pallidiilus ... ... ... ... 155

variabilis ... ... ... ... 154

Doliema, Pascoe ... ... ... ... 98

Donacia obscura ... ... ... ... 270

Dorcatoma chrysomelina ... ... ... 270

Elater pomonae ... ... ... ... 268

Endomychidae, Japanese 205, 257

Erotylidffl, „ 184

Evoplus, Characters of 234

Exerestus, F. Bates 98

Harpalus ajneus. Mans var. ... ... 243

Helodes Bohemanni ... ... ... 154

Homalium Allardi, Curious localities for.. 268

salicis ... ... ... ... 12

Homalota elegantula 86

hepatica ... 36, 159, 217

orphana... ... ... ... 269

Hoplocephala baladica, elongata, and

stricta, Montr. 204

Hydroporus elongatulus ... ... ... 38

neglectus near York ... 12

Iphthimus cancellatus, Montr. ... ... 98

Lamprias (Lebia) chrysocephalus, Mots... 59

Laiiguria unicolor ... ... ... ... 184

Licinus silphoides on sea-shore 113

Liosomus ovatulus, var. collaris. Rye ... 242

Lj'coperdina mandarinea ... ... ... 206

Lymexj'lon navale in Cheshire 158

Magdalinus carbonarius. Food-plant of... 39

Meligethes corvinus 37, 159

Kunzei... ... ... ... 156

marrubii (= nanus, Er.) 37, 157

mutabilis ... ... ... 157

Millidium trisulcatum ... ... ... 179

Monohammus dentator ... ... ... 270

sartor 270

sutor 270

Myrmedoiiia Haworthi at Southend ... 119

PAGE
. 119

. 243

. 98
159

Niptus hololeucus swarming

Notiopliiliis palustris, Manx varr.

Nyctobates orcus, Pascoe ...

Ocypus morio, small race 36, 60,

Odontopus physodes, asperatus, and spe-

ciosus, Pascoe .. . ... ... ... 99

Olibrus bicolor not Britisli 38

Onosterrlius, Pasc, On the position of ... 98

Orchesia unduluta ... ... ... ... 270

Otiorhynchus blandus. Sch. (monticola of

Brit, coll.) ... 290

Psederas fiiscipes at Slapton 35

Pectinicorns, Japanese ... ... ... 277

Pediacus dermestoides ... ... ... 270

Pelobius Hermann!, Sound produced by . . 60
Phalacrus brunnipes ... ... 9, 216

Phileurus chinensis ... ... ... 289

Pliloeophilus, Sclion., re-named ... ... 86

Phjllotreta sinuata ... ... ... 269

Platj'dema oriticum, Pasc. ... ... 204

Platynaspis villosa... ... ... ... 270

Platytarsus setulosus 160

Polystichus vittatus .. ... 216,270

Ptilium ca>sum ... ... ... ... 179

Ptinus subpilosus ... ... ... ... 119

Rhinoncus subfasciatus jumping 119

Salpingus seratus ... ... ... ... 160

Saprinus virescens ... ... ... 118, 159

Saula nigripes (?) 206

Scotaeus, Hope, and Eucyrtus, Pasc. ... 99
Scydmsenus pumilio ... ... ... 8

Sitophagus Solieri, Muls 99

Stenus major ... ... ... 12, 118

morio 118

palustris 119

Strongylium viridipenne, Montr... ... 99

Tachinus rufipennis ... ... ... 159

Tenebrio Crotchi, Woll 98

Tliroscus obtusus 216,217,269

Tracbyplilceus altemans 270,290

Tracbys troglodytes 87,270

Tricbosternum, Woll 98

Trogopliloeus foveolatus ... ... ... 269

Xylotrupes dicbotomus ... ... ... 289

Zeugophora rufotestacea ... ... ... 39

DIPTERA.

Ascia quadri punctata
Dolicbopodidaj, List of British . . .
Syrphus annulatus...

barbifrons, Verrall, nee Pall.

confusus ...

latifasciatus

251
71
252
253
251
253

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

PAGK

Acanthosoma griseum. Habits of ... 13

Cardiostethus testaceus ... ... ... 119

Ceraleptus squalidus 192,193

Dictyonota Fieberi 119

Lasiosomus enervis ... ... ... 88

Neides parallelus ... ... ... ... 193

Pentatoma juniperina ... ... ... 291

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.

Acocephalus, Revision of the British spe-
cies of 264

Cicada anglica ... ... ... ... 88

Delphacidce, Revision of British 238

HYMENOPTERA.

Agrothereutes Hopei (= Crj^tus pygo-

Ipucus, ?) ' 119

Ceraphron Carpenteri, Curtis ... ... 124

Chalcididous larvae in imago of Cynips ... 13
Formica fusca abnormally copulating . . . 120

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acidalia emutaria 162, 197,248

holosericeata 198, 248

rubricata 18, 20, 218

strigilata 197

trigeminata 197, 248

Acronycta alni Ill, 195

auricoma 218

Agdistfts Bennettii 163

Agrophila sulphuralis 18

Agrotera nemoralis 249

Agrotis lucernea 43

pyrophila 43

Ampbysa Gerningiana 125, 176

prodromana 125, 176

Antispila Rivillei bred 54

Autithesia corticaua 126

dimidiana 127, 177

fuligana 128

gentianana 128

Grevillana 126

marginana 127, 177

praelongana 126, 177

sellana 128

similana 127

sororculana 126, 177

ustulana 128

Apatura Iris 271

PAGE

Areryunis Lathonia — ; Ill, 161

Argyrolopia luridana 141

Aspidisca 17

Bohemaimia quadrimaculella 91

Brachj'tsenia Havtmanniana 126

Butalis cicadella 119

Catoptria aspidiscaiia 44, 66

citrana 20

Cerastis ery tlivocephala 249

Chrerocampa Celerio 272

Cledeobia augustalis 218

Colias Edusa 68

Hyale 162, 249

Cosmopteiyx Lienigiella ' 89

orichalcea 90

Crinodes Sommeri 94, 111, 164, 198

Cucullia absynthii 161

asteris 162, 218

Dasypolia Templi 43, 248

Depiessaria carduella ... ... ... 67

depressella ... ... ... 144

Douglasella 66,113

Yeatiana, Larva of ... ... 113

Dichelia Grotiana ... ... ... ... 178

Dicrorampha acuminatana ... ... 28

alpinana ... ... ... 25

consortana ... ... 28, 67

flavidoisana... ... ... 25

plumbagana... ... ... 26

politana ... ... ... 25

senectana 27

simpliciana ... ... ... 28

tanaceti ... ... ... 26

Ditula augustiorana 266

Eidopha.sia Messingiella 44, 67

Eramelesia unifasciata 162

Eudopisa Germarana 30,31

nebritana 30

nigricana 30, 198

pisaua ... ... ... ... 30

plumbana ... ... ... 29

proximana ... ... ... 30

puncticostana ... ... ... 31

roseticolana ... ... ... 30

saturnalia ... ... ... 28

tenebiosaiia ... ... ... 30

ulicana ... ... ... ... 29

Euchromia rufaua 141

Eulepia cribrum 139

Eulia ministrana 126

Euperia fulvago 140, 1.42

xm.

PAGE

Eupithecia pygmteata

42, 65

subciliata

16, 65

subuinbrata ...

163

togata ...

... 113, 114

Eupoecilia affinitana

162

antbemidana . . .

18, 19

atricapitana

curvistrigaua ...

249

rupicolana

249

udana ...

249

Vectisana

162

Gelechia distinctella

subdecurtella

Geometra smaragdaria

163

Glyphipteryx dadiella

schcBuicolella

89, 91

Heliotbis dipsacea

Herniinia derivalis...

249

Hyperinecia augustana

... 125, 176

cruciaua

... 125, 176

Incurvaria spinosella

Laverna atra

Litbographia campoliliana

267

cineraiia

267

Nisella

267

Penkleriana...

267

subocellana ...

267

Lithostege griseata...

Lozotasnia costana...

214

crataegana

215

fulvana

214

lat iorana

214

musculana

214

piceana

215

Podana...

215

pyrastrana

214

roborana

215

semialbana

214

Nonagria brevilinea

Orthosia ypsiloa

O.xj-ptilus betus

18, 20

Phlceodes Demarniana

267

immundana

267

Phlogophora erapyrea

249

Fhoxopteryx paludana

Pieris Daplidice

Ill

Plusia oricbalcea

Polia chi

290

Psodos trepidaria

Pterophorus pentadactylus

144

Ptilophora plumigera

248

P3'rameis cardui

Retinia Buoliana ...

Sarrotliripa Revayaaa

Scliceiiobius mucionellus

Sericoris Doubledayana

Sesia philaiithiformis

Sideria achatana ...

Sphinx couvolvuli ...

Spilodes sticticalis ...

Spilonota araa3nana

cynosbana

iucarnatana

roborana ...

rosicolana

suffusaua

trimaculaua

Spilosoma papyratia

Stenia punctalis

Sten'ha sacraria

Stilbia auomala

Ta3niocampa opima

Tarsolepis remicauda

Tinea imulla...

Tortrix adjunctana...

cerasana

cinnamomeana
«

diversana . . .

dumetana . . .

Forsterana...

icterana

ochreana . . .

ribeana

transitfina ..

PAGE
149

125

... 129, 177

286

267

266

267

266

267

162

218

139

... 140, 141

94, 111, 164, 198
18, 20

213

... 213, 249

213

212

213

PAGE
Tortrix viburnana 212

Tripbfenasubsequa... ... ... 56, 68

Vanessa Autiopa ... 88,105,107,108,109,
110, 111, 130, 131, 137, 138, 161, 194,
195, 217, 245, 290.

Xylina semibi'unnea ... ... ... 163

Zelleria saxitVagaJ ... ... ... ... 139

Zygoena achillo;e ... ... ... ... 14

basalis ... ... ... ... 14

confluens ... ... ... ... 14

exulans ... ... ... ... 44

filipendula; ... ... ... 14

glycyrrhizES ... ... ... 14

meliloti ... ... ... ... Ill

Minoides ... ... ... ... 14

orobi ... ... ... ... 14

trifolii 14

NEUROPTERA (in the Linnean sense).
Braebj'ceutrus, Larva and case of ... 160

Chrysopa septempunctata. Duration of

egg-state in 88

Oviposition of ...

Dragon-flies at Sea...

Hemerobius inconspicuus at Rannoch

Hemipsocus chloroticus ...

Psocus chloroticus (notes on)

cosmopterus (note on)

longicornis in India

roseus (note on)
Psyllipsocus Raiuburi
Sisyra Dalii iu abundance...
Stenopsocus i^tigmaticus in Britain

... GO

... 273

... 88

... 146
77, 146

... 76

... 78

... 146

... 62

... 63

INDEX TO CONTEIBUTOES.

PAGE

Barrett, C. G. ... 18, 25, 89, 124,

212, 266, 272

Barrett, J. P

Ill

Bates, Frederick ... 97, 110, 133,

149, 161, 181,

201, 233, 259

Bates, H. W., F.L.S., &c. ...

Beutley, J. E

109

Birchall, Edwin

Birch all, Howard

140

Birks, J

194

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A....

138, 218, 249

Bold, T.J

. 60, 219, 245

Briggs, C. A

290

Briggs, T, H., M.A 68

Brown, N.E 160

Buckler, W. ... 14, 15, 39, 41, 56, 64, 115, 143,
195, 246, 286, 291

Burney, Rev. H., M.A.

Burry, R

Butler, A. G., F.L.S., &c.

CaiTington, T. J.

Champion, G. C

Chapman, Thomas ...
Chapman, T. A., M.D.
Chappell, Joseph

110

.. 88, 108, 112, 198,
217, 270

139

12, 86, 88, 117, 159

193, 263

158,195, 270

Colquhoun, Hugh, M.D

Cox, H. Ramsay

Crewe, Rev. H. Harpur, M. A. ... 16, 65,

Crotch, G. R., M.A

Dale, C. W 21,46,88,

Doubleday, Henry.. .45, 138, 164, 195, 244,

Douglas, J. W 4, 60, 119, 192, 193,

Dumihig, J. W., M.A., F.L.S

Eaton, Rev. A. E., B.A

Farren, W

Fletcher, J. E

Foord, Edith C

Gorham, Rev. H. S

Gra}', George

Gray, John

Gregson, C. S

Hageii, Dr. H. A

Harwood, W. H

Hay, A. J

Hellins, Rev. J., M.A. .
Hewitson, W. C, F.L.S

Higgins, E. T., M.R.C.S

Hislop, Robert

Hodgkinson, J. B. ... 44, 66, 67, 113, 140,

Hudd, A. E

Hutchinson, H

Janson, E. W

Jeuner, J. H. A

Jones, A. H

Jordan, R. C. R., M.D,
Latchmore, Frank
Lawson, Robert

Lewis, George

Longstaflf, G. B., M.A.
McLachlan, R., F.L.S.

12, 118, 191, 205,

137,

.. 13,42, 92,
83, 146, 161,

.109, 137,

.109, 119,

1, 62, 63, 74, 88
166, 168, 225,

Madden, G. C. B

Marsh, Rev. T. H., M.A

Marshall, Rev. T. A., M.A., F.L.S.... 119,

Marshall, W.C

Matthews, Rev. A., M.A

Meldola, Raphael 68, 109,

Melvill, J. Cosmo, B.A., F.L.S

66
161
114
184
271
268
210
221
120
110
198
161
257
111

11
176

78
272
193
113
232
109

39
162
161

184

249

197

273

107

217

289

139

,99,
273

139

108

123,
240

159

178

163

263

Morley, T

Morris, Rev. F. 0., M.A

Miiller, Albert, F.L.S.... 13, 45, 60, 88.
144,

Nash, Rev. A., M.A

Norman, George ... 68, 108, 141, 168,

Pasley, L. M. S

Piffard, Bernard

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S.... 17, 21, 66, 92,

Prest, W

Reed, Edwyn C

Riley, C. V., State Ent. Missouri

Ritsema, C 94,

Rowe, J. Brooking, F.L.S

Rye, E. C. ... 5, 36, 59, 86, 110, 131,
156, 190, 215, 242, 243,

Sang, John

Scott, John 210,238,

Selys-Longchamps, Baron E. de . . .

Sharp, David, M.B. ... 131, 137, 152,

Simpkinson, Rev. J. K., M.A

Snowden, Arthur H

Staintou, H. T., F.R.S., &c.... 17, 54,

Staudinger, 0., Ph.D

Thompson, W

Traill, J. W. H., M.A

Tyldeu, Rev. W., M.A

Ullyett, H

Vaughan, Howard

Verrall,G.H 71,

Walker, J. J 162,

Ward, Christopher, F.L.S 2,

Waterhouse, C. 31,63,

Waterhouse, E. A

Webb, Si'dney

White, F. Buchanan, M.D... .130, 139,

Wilbey, J. E

Williams, H

WoUaston, T. V., M.A., F.L.S. ... 11

Wood, Rev. J. G., M.A., F.L.S.

XV.

PAGE

... 268

... 110

, 95, 120,
192, 218

... 119

199, 250

... 138

... 69

110, 197,
248, 272

... 245

... 207

195

121, 164

... 117

135, 136,
268, 269

111, 138

264, 292

... 145

154, 244,
268, 290

... 217

... Ill

105, 107
113

... 290

... 67

... 290

... Ill

251, 281

216, 269

147, 209

184, 277

... 119

110, 144

149, 220

... Ill

... 65

, 33, 117,
243, 278

... 108

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c.
IN THIS VOLUME.

DESCRIBED

COLEOPTERA.
GENEEA.

PAGE

Amaeottpus, if. 77'. -Ba#es 50

Aphanocephalus, WoZZasiow 278

CoyiOTODA, Gorham 205

CxiiOMA, Sharp 152

Meloettphlus, C. O. Waterhouse 31

Mesotretis, F. Bates 151

Metaboloceeits, „ 259

Metulosonia, „ 261

Panamomus, „ 207

Rhabdtjchus, Gor/trtm 257

Spiloscapha, J'. Bates 202

Stbnoscapha, „ 237

UlOMIMIMUS, „ 201

SPECIES.

^gus subnitidus, C.OJVaterliotise, Japan 277

Alegoria parallela, F. Bates, Brazils... 183

quadraticoUis, „ Venezuela 182

Sallei, „ Mexico ... 181

Allopliasia Marseuli, „ {nolocalitj/

given) 237

Amaiotypus Edwardsi, H. TV. Bates,

N. Zealand 51

Aiithicxis. scoticus, Ei/e, Scotland 10

Aplianocephalushemispa'hricus, IFbZZas^on,

Japan 281

Avyenis Haagi, F. Bates, Tern 135

Aulacochilus japouicus, Crotch, Japan. ... 189

Canthavis (?) Philippii, Beed, N. Chile... 208

Cicindela ditissima,If. W. Bates, S. Kong 49

velata, „ N. Borneo 50

Coniopoda orieiitalis, ©or 7iaw, Japa» ... 205

Ctenostoma eburatum, S. W. Bates,

S. Brazil 49

Cj'loma Lawsouus, Sharp, N. Zealand 152

Cyphon punctipennis, „ Scotland ... 155

Cyrtotriplax Lewisi, Crotch, Japan 189

Dacue japonica, „ „ 188

picta, „ „ 18S

Damaster Lewisi, Ui/e, Japan 131

'E\)\'^\\yAa. t:i\vA\.A, F. Bates, Angola 134

ovata, „ Boiguela ... 133

Episcapha Fortuiiii, Crotch, Japan and

China 188

PAGE
Evoplus Lecontii, F. Bates, Colombia ... 234

Figulus binodulus, C. O. Waterhouse,

Japan 277
punctatus, „ „ 278

Gyriosomus affinis, Beed, N. Chile 208

Kingi, „ „ 207

Hoplocephala amazonica, F. Bates,

Santa rem 203
castanea, F. Bates,

N. Granada 204

\aiGrs\\s,,F.Bates,Colomhia 204

Ino quadrinotata, Gorham, Japan 258

Languria atriceps, CrofcA, Jaj9fl?i 185 I

convexicoUis, C. O. Waterhouse,

Japan 187

Z^niiorn, Crotch, Japan 185

Lewisi, „ „ 184

nigripes, „ „ and

China 184

nigritarsis, C. O. Waterhouse,

Japan 186

pectoralis, „ „ 187

prsetermissa, Janson, Japan ... 186

prssusta, Crotch, Japan 6j China 185

ruficeps, „ „ 185

Liodema couuexuin, F. Bates, Colombia.. 236

fulvum, „ Cumana... 236

Horni, „ Santarem. 236 ,;

Kirsdii, „ Bogota ... 235

ob3'deuse, „ Ohi/dos ... 235

serricome, „ Cayenne.. . 236

Listroderes superbus, Beed, S. Chile 209

Lycoperdina dux, Gorham, Japan 205

Meloetvphlus fuscatus, C. O. Waterhovse,

E. Pebas 32
Mesotretis fevruginea, F.Bates, Australia 151

Metabolocerus clj'peatus and var. ? brevi-

cornis, F. Bates, Cumana 260

Fryi, F. Bates, Colombia. 260

pilosus, „ iV\ Granada 260

Metulosonia egaensis, „ Fga 262

Horni, „ Panama ... 262

Mycetina amabilis, Gorham, Japan 206

ancoriger, „ „ 206

Nacerdes Saundersi, Beed, N. Chile 208

Nebria chinensis, if. 77". iJaies, C/«»a ... 52 1

maiulibularis, „ ? Persia.. 51 I

PAGE
Neolucanus raarginatns, C. O. Waterhouse,

N. India 53

Panamonius Lewisi, Gorham, Japan 207

Peltoides capeusis, JF. iJa^es, iVai'aZ 262

Phalacrus Brisouti, Rye, England 8

Philhydius suturalis, S/ia)7j, .ZJrJ/rtMt ... 153

Polpogenia rimosa, J'. JB«^c'i-, JV/g-er 149

Rhabduchus denticoruis, Gorham, Japan 257

Scopaeus Ryei, Wollaston, England 34

Scydmsenus praeteritus, Rye, England ... 6
Spiloscapha crassicornis, F. Bates, Sydney 203
Stenoscapha tibialis, ,, Ega ... 237

Stenotarsus nigriclavis, Gvrham, Japan .. 207

Stenocerus Vidali, -KeerZ, /S. C/»7e 209

Trichoptei-yx cuvhowatia., Matthews, Engl. 179
Letitife, Matthews, Belgium 180

Triplax japouica, Crotch, Japan 189

Ulomimiraus indicus, F. Bates, E. India 202

DIPTERA.

Melanostoma 4-maculatum, Verrall,

Scotland. 281

Syrpbus compositarum, „ „ 254

flavifroiis, ,, „ 256

puuctulatus, „ „ 254

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.

Atbysaiuis canesceiis,*Z)oM^?rts £/■ Scott,

England 210

cognatus, „ Britain 211

Liburnia . -emulator, Scott, England ... 238

rjw,,^^.- consauguiuea, „ ,, ... 239

HYMENOPTERA.
GEKTJS.
PiAGETiA, C. Ritsema 121

SPECIES
Aiiomalon fasciatum, Marshall, England 240
Apbidius gregarius, „ ,, 123

Mesostenus maunis, „ . 241

PiagetiaRitsemsp, C. Ritsema, Java 122

Wocideiii, ,, Congo ... 121

xvii.
LEPIDOPTERA.

PAGE

Acrtua Manandaza, Ward,3Iadagascar .. 147

Maransetra, „ „ ... 2

Masamba, „ „ ... 3

Masoiiala, „ „ ... 3

AntithesiaStaintoniana,5arre« >Sco«a»tZ 127

Charaxes Analava, Ward, Madagascar... 3

Aiidai-a „ „ ... 209

Andriba, „ „ ... 210

Debis Deliades, Hewitson, Darjeling 84

Dolopes, ., „ 85

Diadema Chapmani, „ Calabar 233

Ruhama, „ Angola 84

Usambara, Ward, Ribd 148

Dicrorhampha herbosana, Barrett, Engl. 27

Euploea Lorraini, Chapman, Java 263

Euvytela Narinda, Ward, Madagascar .. . 148
lleliconia Choarina, Hewitson, Ecuador.. 83
lolaus Inores, Hewitson (loc. unknown) .. 85

Lasiommata Lyrnessa, Hetvitson,

N. Caledonia 85
Lycifina Art]mvus,Melvill, Chamowiix 263, 290
Mycalesis Antabala, Ward, Mad.rgascar. 148
Olyi as (script. " Clyras ") translucens,

Hewitson, Ecuador 83

Papilio Illyris, Hewitson, Gold Coast ... 232

Kirbj'i, „ Lagos 146

NEUROPTERA.
GENERA.

Amphipsocus, McLachlan 76

HEMIPSOC0S, de Selys 146

PSTLLIPSOCITS, „ 145

SPECIES.

Amphipsocus TpU.os\i9,McLachlan,N.India 77

Cfficilius pictipenuis, „ Ceylon.. 76

Psilocnemis alatipes, „ Madagascar 1

Psocus elarus, „ • Ceylon.. 75

raalayanus, „ Sula ... 75

o-punctatus, „ Ceylon.. 75

ADDITIONS TO THE BKITISH INSECT FAUNA BEOUGHT
FORWAKD IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

(?) Agapanthia micans, Payk 190

Anisotoma bruimea, Stm 135

Antliicus scoticus, Rye 10

Bagous brevis, Schon 243

Ilybius aenescens, Thorns 36

Leptusa testacea, Ch. Brisont 5

Liosomus obloiigulus, Soh 242

Litliocbaris picea, Ktz 156

Meligethes ochropus, Stm 156

Nanoph}'es gracilis, Itedt 157

Olibrus particeps, IfffZs 38

Otiorly^nchus (? lugdunensis, 5o/i.) 269

Plialacrus Brisouti, Hye 8

Humberti, Towrnier,M.S....37, 159

Pbilhydrus suturalis, S/tp 153

Ptinus testaceus, 01 268

ScoYHBUsHyd, Wollast 34

Scydinjeims prceteritus, Bye 7, 159

Scymnus arcuatus, Eossi 117

Smicronyx Reichei, G-yll 11

Thyamis distinguenda, Bye 157

Tribolium confusum, Duval 268

Tricliopteryx carbonaria, Matth 179

DIPTERA.

Cliilosia olivacea, Zett 285

Chrysoeblaiuys ruficornis 285

Chrysotus cupveus, 3facq 73

Diapliorus Wintbemi, Meiff 73

Dolicbopus Pagilis, Meig 72

lepidus, StcBff 71

signatus, Meig 71

Wablbergi, Ze« 71

Gj'mnopternus a;rosus, Fall. (var. Dabl-

bomi, Zett.) 72

angustifrons, Steeg 72

assimilis, /SifPf/ 72

atrovivens, Ijoeio 72

cbajropbylli, Meig 72

inetallicus, Stann 72

priucipiilis, Loew 72

Medeterus tristis, Zett 74

Melanostoma 4-maculatum, Verrall 281

Pavagus albifrons, ii'aW 286

Platychirus latimauus, JJ'ce/iZt 283

Porpbyrops pectiuatu.s, ioe«' 73

Psilopus la;tus, Jlfe;^ 74

PAGE
Syrpbus compositaruiu, Verrall 251

flavifrons, Verrall 256

obscurus, Zett. (renamed nigri-

coniis) 251

punctulatus, Verrall 251

vittiger, Zett 253

Teucbophorus calcaratus, Macq 73

Xylota confinis, Zett 285

IIEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.
GENUS.

EiiBLExnis, Fieh 4

SPECIES.
Embletbis verbasci, I^«& '. 4, 193

HOMOPTERA.

Acocephalus iiitevruptus, Fieh 2Ci

polystolus, Fieb 265

Atbysaous cauescens, D. 4" S 210

cognatus, D. 4" S 211

Liburnia semnlator, Scott 238

consanguinea, Scof^ 239

similis, Kirschb 240

HYMENOPTERA.

Anomalon fasciatum, Marshall 123

Aphidius gregarius, „ 240

Mesostenus maurus, „ 241

LEPIDOPTERA.
GEI^US.

St^^tomis liio

SPECIES.

Antitbesia Staiutoniana, Barrett 127

(r?) Apatura Ilia 217, 244, 270

Crambus verolhis, Zk 88, 161

Dichelia gnoniana, Ziinn 12'.)

Dicrorliampba bei-bosana, Barrett 27

Halonota grandffivaua, Zeller 272

Syntomis Pbegea, L 160, 19-'^

NEUROPTERA.

Steiiopsocus stigmaticus, Imhojf. 4" L.

LARV^ OF BRITISH SPECIES DESCRIBED IN THIS

VOLUME.

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAGE
Acidalia degeneraria, TF. Buckler ...... 115

„ incanaria, ,,...... 246

Acronycta ahii, J. Chappell ....... 195

Agrotis cursoria, W. BucJcler - - . - - - 14

Amphysa Gerningaiia, C. S. Gregson ...... 176

Ancliocelis litiira, W. Buckler ...... 39

Anisopterrx sescularia, G. T. Porritt ...... 272

Brepbos notha, W. Buckler ....... 41

Carsia imbutata, J. Rellins - . . - . - - 92

Ccloena Hawortbi, W. Buckler ...... 195

Cloaiitba solidaginis, G. T. Porritt - - - - . - 92

Diantboecia CBBsia, W. Buckler ...... 64

Epbestia artemisiclls, „-...... X44

Eubolia lineolata, G. T. Porritt ...... 197

Eupitbecia pygmfeata, H. Harptir- Crewe - - - • - 65

„ Bubciliata, „ ..... 16

„ togata, „ - . - . . 114

Nola strigula, TJ\ Buckler ....... 15

Polia cbi, „ ....... 290

Spbiux convolvuli, „-...... 288

Tepbrosia consonaria, G. T. Porritt . - . . - 17

TripbsBua subsequa, W. Buckler ...... 55

NEUEOPTERA.

Cbrysopa scptempunctata, A. Miiller - - - - - - 62

REVIEWS.

" Tbe Micrograpbic Dictionary." - - . . - - 22

"Die Pflanzen Fcinde aus der Classe der Insecten." — J. H. Xalteubacb - 22
" Eourtb Annual Report of tbe Noxious, Beneficial, and otlier Insects of tbe

State of Missouri." — C. V. Riley ..... 4.7

" Transactions of tbe Norfolk and Norwicb Naturalists' Society." - - 47

" Tbe Britisb species of Crambus." — F. Bucbanan Wbite - - - 47

"A Catalogue of Britisb Hymenoptera " (Part 2). — T. A. Marsball - - 221

OBITUARY.

George Robert Gray - . . . . . . - 23

Coleman T. Robinson ....... gg

Constantin Wesmaol ........ 167

Robert Sraitb Edleston ....... 167

Tbomas Parry ----..... 292

WOOD-CUTS.

Psilocnemis alatipes, Leg of

Ampliipsocus (g. n.), Wing of -

Vauessa Antiopa

Piagetia Eitsemse and details of P. Woerdeni

Psyllipsocus (g. n.), Fore-wing of

Hemipsocua (g. n.), Fore-wing of

- 1

- 105
122

- 145
145

ERRATA.

(N.B. — Many of these are Authors' coiTections).
Page 1, line 20 from top,/or " blackish " read, " whitish."

, 83,

„ 15

, 97,

„ 12

> )j

„ 17

))

„ 25

, 127,

„ 14

, 133,

„ 7

, 134,

„ 4

, 136,

» 9

„ 150,

» 8

„ „

„ 16

j> >,

„ 25

,1 ,!

„ 35

„ 151,

„ 11

„ 177,

,, 8

„ 205,

„ 18

„ „

„ 17

„ 211,

„ 16

„ 240,

„ 6

„ 259,

„ 13

" CLTEAS '

" carcna "
" larger "
" as "

" OLTEAS."

" carina."

" longer."

" of the metasternum."

" Iwade."

" posterior."

" posteriorly."

' Swale "

bottom, ybr " apical "

top, ybr " anteriorly"
„ dele " of."

„ for " in " read "on."

„ „ " elytra " „ " elytron."

„ „ "contracted",, "compacted."
„ „ " near the metasternum " read " behind."

bottom, ybr " species " read " genus."

top.

„ 261, lines 19 and 20 from bottom, dele from "by " to " behind," inclusively.

„ 262, line 12 from top, add " broadly " before last word.

„ „ „ 30 „ „ for " processes " read " process."

„ „ „ 31 „ „ „ "plain" „ "plane."

,,271, „ 12 „ hottom, for " Scoparia" read " Sericoris."

„ „ „ )> ,) „ „ " ^■" „ " Scoparia."

" Eisley Moss " ,

, " Whitley Eeed."

" et tubercuUs " ,

, " e tuherculis."

" corum " ,

, " eorum."

"fulcra " ,

, " coxa."

" Lihurnia " ,

, " Delphax.

" with " ,

, "into."

^^::>:i

THE

x^^i&t'slSonf^/^^

^-^^ ^OI-^ME IX. -'''^/^

DESCRIPTION OF A REMARKIBLE NEW SPECIES OP AGEIOXIXA
FROM MADAGASCAR.

BY R. m'lACHLAN, F. L. S.
PSILOCNEMIS ALATIPES, n. S.

Caput siqjra nigrum, lined nJhidd transversa utrinque signatum ;
frons alhidus. Thorax alhidus, utrinque lined nigra signatus. Pedes
alhi ; geniihas tarsisque anticis iiigricantihus ; tihiis intermediis i^osti-
cisque val.de explanato-dilatntis, elongato-ovalibus. Abdomen saturate
hnnineum ; segmentis (hasalihus duohus exceptis) niqro-terminatis ; seg-
mento \° alhido, dimidio hasali niqro ; 2" alhido, infra, lineisque latis
duahus lateralihus^ postice angiilatim sursum convergentihus, nigris ;
3" hasi summo lined alhidd tenni transversa, fere geminatd, signato.
Alas vitrece, ad costam levissime fiavido-tinctoe, suh-acntcB ; pterostig-
mate nigra ( J" ) .

Head, black above, posteriorly witli a narrow transverse whitish line on each side ; front
portion of the vertex and the fi'ont and mouth organs (excepting the tips of the
mandibles) blackish ; or the whole head might be described as wliitish, with a
broad transverse black band above : antennce. with the second and third joints of
nearly equal lengths, but the third much thinner, two basal Joints whitish, third
joint blackish (rest broken).
Prothorax whitish, black at the sides ; the posterior lobe very large, only slightly

raised, transversely oblong, the angles slightly rounded.
Thorax whitish ; sides broadly black at the base of the intermediate legs ; a vestige

of a black humeral line indicated only at
its lower end, and a broad, black complete
line from the base of the posterior wings ;
finally the under-side is almost entirely
black between the coxae. Legs entirely
white, excepting the knees and tarsi of the
anterior pair, and the terminal joint of the
tarsi of the others, which are blackish ;
spines long and black ; the tibia; of the in-
termediate and posterior pairs are enor^-
mously dilated, elongate-oval, resembhng
the septum remaining after the dispersal of the seeds of some cruciferous plants
{e. g., Lepidium saiivum).

•NE, 1872.

2 L-June,

Abdomen with the basal segment whitish, blackish at its base ; second segment
whitish, black beneath, and with a black angnlated line on each side, leaving a
sub-quadrate, spade-shaped white space above, with a peduncle not extending to
the posterior suture ; genital organs black : third to sixth segments of nearly
equal lengths, the third much more tlian twice the length of the second, each
dark brown and blackish at its posterior end, third segment narrowly whitish
above at its anterior end (the rest wanting).

Wings with a sliglit yellowish tinge along the costal mai'gin, narrow, the apex sub-
acute ; pterostigma rhomboidal, black ; sixteen post-cubital nervules in the
anterior wings.

Length of anterior wing, 21 millimetres ; posterior wing, 20 mm. Expanse of
wings, 43 mm. Length of body to end of sixth segment of abdomen, 33 mm.

I owe the possession of this remarkable insect to the liberality
of C. Ward, Esq., who received it from his collector in Madagascar,
Mr. Crossley, by whom it was taken in the interior of that island.
According to the comj)arative lengths of the second and third joints
of the antennae, and of the second and third segments of the abdomen,
the insect falls into the sub-genus Psilocnemis of De Selys ; but I be-
lieve he is now of oj)inion that the separation of Psilocnemis from
Platycnemis will eventually be found to have been based upon in-
sufficient characters. The dilatation of the two posterior pairs of
tibiae is enormous, much more than twice as much as is seen in Platyc-
nemis lati_pes of the south of Europe, which was hitherto suj)poscd to
possess this peculiarity in the most intensified form, and too ex-
aggerated to be compared with that of the British Platyc. pennifes.
The species of Psilocnemis were hitherto thought to be peculiar to
Asia and the Asiatic islands. The female of P. alnti^ies will probably
be found to want the dilatation of the tibise.

Lewisham : May, 1872.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA FROM

MADAGASCAR.

BY CHEISTOPHEE WARD, F.I- S.

AcR^A Maransetra, n. s.

(J . Upper-side : fore-wing transparent, glossy, with the base rufous, anterior mar-
gin shaded with brown ; hind-wing red, a detached spot of black near the
base, below the costal nervure ; under this, and bordering on the inner margin,
a cluster of confluent spots, beyond, a band of five spots, curving inwards to
the anterior margin, all black ; the outer margin edged with brown, with a
band of seven detached semi-circular spots, black, and tipped outwardly
with red.

1872 ] 3

Under-side : as above, but with hind-wing much paler, and the spots more clearly-
defined.

? resembles the male.

Expanse, ^ , Itu; ? , 2 inches. Taken in copula.

AcEjEa Masamba, n. s.

Upper-side : fore-wing transparent, with margins and nervures clouded with brown,
base rufous, a small brown spot within the cell ; hind-wing red, with hinder
margin brown and inner margin yellowish ; a baud of nine black spots, com-
mencing near the base of anterior margin, and curving round to the centre of
inner margin ; within this band, near the base, a cluster of five black spots.

Under-side : as above, but hind-wing grey, with the base red.
Expanse, 2 inches.

AcR^A Masonala, n. s.

Upper-side : fore-wing transparent, glossy, broadly suffused with rosy pink, ner-
vures and anterior margin brown ; hind-wing red, continued nearly to the
outer margin, which is transparent and glossy ; following the outer margin,
where the red ends, a circle of five clear blact spots, the centre one the
smallest, and placed rather nearest the margin.

Under-side -. as above, but lighter red mingled with grey, and with five small black
spots at the base.

Expanse, 2\ inches.

Chaeaxes Analava, n. s.

Upjjer-side : both wings light yellowish-green ; fore-wing, beyond the middle,
black, containing a vertical curved band of five light green spots, the second
and fifth from the top very small, a similar spot touching the end of the cell ;
hind-wing, outer margin broadly bordered with black, narrowing and shading
into the green at the anal angle ; three tails, green, the centre the smallest ;
fore-wing falcate, and both wings deutated.

Under-side ; beautifully marbled with green, black, and silver ; fore-wing green,
lightest at the outer margin ; the cell crossed midway by a narrow baud of
silver, containing a black spot, and near the extremity by a similar broader
band, edged with black ; beyond this, a narrow cui'ved line of black, edged
outwardly with silver ; hind-wing green, with a vertical band midway, curving
inwards, of lighter green and silver, edged witli black ; beyond the middle,
following the outline of the wing from the anterior margin to the anal angle,
a series of ocelli, the upper one the most distinct, silvery grey, edged with
black and light green, the lower ones light green, suffused with ailvery-grey.
Antennae green.

Expanse, 3i inches.
Halifax : April, 1872.

^ [June,

BEITISH HEMIPTERA—A.1^ ADDITIONAL GENUS AND SPECIES.
BY J. W. DOUGLAS.

Section 5.— LYG^INA.
Family 1.— EHYPAROCHEOMIDiE.

Genus EMBLETHI8, Fieb.
Long-oval, broad.

Head short, pentagonal, deeply inserted in tbe tborax. A>itennce
short, slender ; 1st joint short, stout ; 2nd more than twice the
length of 1st ; 3rd shorter than 2nd ; 4th rather shorter than
3rd, thin fusiform. Et/es small, not projecting beyond the
anterior angles of the pronotum. Bostrum reaching to the
middle of the metasternum ; 1st joint as long as the head, 2nd
reaching to the anterior coxae.

Thorax : pronotum short, trapezoidal, or rather sub-quadrate, the sides
anteriorly rounded off to the angles, flatly produced throughout ;
front emarginate ; disc convex, less so on the posterior third ;
posterior margin nearly straight. Scutellum large, long-triangular.
Elytra broad ; clavus narrow ; membrane with five nerves, the
two inner ones sinuate at the base. Legs : tliigJis, 1st pair with
six to eight small spines on the under-side ; tarsi long, 1st joint
longer than the 2nd and 3rd together, on the 3x'd pair twice as
long.

Among the British genera, this comes nearest to Cnlyptonotus,
D. and S.

Species 1. — Emblethis teebasci.
Lygmis rerhasci, Fab., S. E., 235, 161 (1803).

„ pilifrons, Zett., k. Yet. Acad. Handl. 71, 21 (1819).
Pachymems marginepunctatus, H.-Schf., Panz. F. Gr. 118, 7 {nee

Wolff).
Emblethis platy chillis, Fieb., Europ. Hem. 197, 1 (1861).
„ verbasci, Stal, Hem. Fab., i, 79, 1 (1868).

Dull, Tipper surface dingy oclireous, obscured by close, fine, black punctures ; face,
antenncB, and legs setose ; pronotum, sides broadly foliaceous, naked.

Head : middle lobe prominent, its sides anteriorly set with short, stout, projecting
black hairs ; there are also one or two similar hairs immediately before each eye.
AntenncB piceous, apex of 1st joint ochreous, beset tliroughout with short, pro-
jecting hairs, strong on the Ist and 2nd joints. Eyes black. Rostrum dark
piceous.

Thorax : pronotum, the foliaceous sides broad, naked, ochreous, both on the upper
and under-sides with large black punctures, sometimes confluent ; disc covered

isr^.] ■ 5

with fine black punctures, anteriorly, in places, a little distant, giving the surface
. a marbled appearance. Scutelhim punctured like the pronotum, at the basal
angles a black spot divided obliquely by an oclu-eous line. Elytra : clavus and
cormm with black punctures, less close and regular than on the pronotum and
scutellum ; corium, nerves pale, with a row of the dark punctures along each,
anterior margin rather wide, slightly recurved, ochreous, with large, distant,
black punctures sometimes confluent ; membrane smoky, crenulate, nerves
darker, with very narrow pale margins ; in the interstices, a row of small, pale
spots, and in the second space at the base, a large, black spot. Sternum black,
posterior margin of each segment, the sides of the 1st, and a large spot on the
coxal sheaths, whitish. Legs ochreous ; coxcb black ; thighs all with brovm
spots, somewhat in rows, or with transverse streaks, closer towards the base,
which is black ; 1st pair beneath, on the inner edge,* with six or seven small,
short, black spines, of which the first three are a trifle the largest ; 2nd and
3rd pairs, especially on the upper and inner sides, with very short, scarcely pro-
jecting spines ; tibicB with distant, short, projecting black spines, the 1st pair
on the under-side only ; at the base, an indistinct black ring, apex infuscated ;
tarsi infuscated.

Abdomen above, black, conneximom pale, with sub-triangular, black spots at the base
and margin of the segments ; mider-side piceous.

Length, 3 lines nearly.

Described from a $ found at Deal, in Marcli last, among the
roots of dwarf sallow, by Mr. J. Gr. Marsh, and kindly sent for in-
spection.

The antennae, rostrum and legs are darker than described by
Fieber, but these differences do not seem to me to be material.

The genus Emhlethis contains only one other species, Cimex are-
narius, Lin., which may also be expected to occur in Britain, but it
appears to be much rarer on the continent than verhasci. It is very
like it generally, but may be distinguished by the side margins of the
pronotum being beset with spinose hairs.
Lee : Uh May, 1872.

ADDITIONS, &c., TO THE LIST OP BEITISH COLEOPTERA, WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES.

BY E. C. EYE.

Leptusa testacea, Ch. Brisout, in Grren. Cat. et Mat., &c., 1868, p. 10.

A single example of this intei-esting species, originally recorded
from Toulon, was taken by Mr. Gr. C. Champion on 6th June, 1870,
out of sea-weed on the sandy shore at Whitstable, Kent, and, when
alive, according to its captor, had much the fades of Phytosus nigri-
ventris. It has been named for me by its describer.

* In the generic characters, Fieber says the spines are on the " outer" edge ; but, in describ-
ing the species, he puts, correctly, ou the " inner " edge.— J. W. D.

Q ■ [June,

It is linear, flattened, testaceous, with dark abdomen, very short
elytra, and long antennre, of rather dull appearance, and about li lin.
in length.

ScTDMiENUS PE^TERITUS, sp. 11.

? Spar'shallii, Schaum, Eedt., ? ? Fairm. ; nee Denny, Thorns.
JFusco-piceus, nitidus, antennis pedibusque testaceis, illis ad apicem
fere gradatim incrassatis, nrticulis 8 — 10 fransversis ; prothornce elon-
gato-quadrato, laterihus antice rofundatis, pid>e fidvd tenuiori sub-erectd
sparsim vesfito, disco Jcevissimo, iasl impressione transversa, in foveolam
elongatam ohliqwe anticeque ad marginem ductam utrinque desinentem,
minus fortiter impresso, jdicci mediand nidld ; elytris ovato-elongatis,
minus convexis, laterihus a tertid parte hasali ad apicem gradatim
rotundato-Gontractis, hasi singulatim profunde foveolatis, plicdque liume-
rali instrucfis, ohsoletissime piinctidatis, puhescentid fnlvd, certo situ
fere striatim dispositd, minus dense vestitis.

Long. corp. i — f Jin. (Anglic).

Allied to 8. SparsJmUii, Denny, from which it differs in its darker
colour ; longer and somewhat less convex shape ; longer, narrower,
and apically more gradually contracted elytra, the pubescence of which
is in certain lights almost disposed in striae, and the punctuation of
which is much less evident ; rather longer thorax, which exhibits very
thin and scant pubescence, and has the transverse basal impression
fainter and with only one fovea on each side at the margin ; propor-
tionally smaller eyes, and antennae stouter at the apex ; the three
apical joints being considerably and the 8th (and in a less degree the
7th) evidently, thickened ; and the two basal joints more elongate.

S. prceteritus has somewhat the fades of a very small sj^ecimen of
elongatidzis ; from which its unpunctured thorax, the basal furrow
whereof has no middle keel, and its less convex elytra at once
distinguish it.

I have long had an example of this species set aside in my collec-
tion, taken by myself in the Croydon district ; and I find two speci-
mens of it also set apai't in Mr. Gr. R. Waterhouse's cabinet, and
taken by him in the Isle of Wight and at Erith (associated with ants),
and another in Mr. E. A. Waterhouse's collection, taken on the chalk
near Seaford on the south coast ; recently, I have seen another indi-
vidual, taken by Mr. Gr. C. Champion on the chalk, near Caterham,
also associated with ants ; and Dr. Sharp informs me that he also has
it, distinguished from the species known to us as SparslialUi.

Denny's locality for the latter is moss in a damp wood, Norfolk ;
and most if not all of our specimens of it come from the midland
and eastern counties.

1872.] 7

The insect which I have just described has beeu returned to me
from Paris as ^S*. Sjxirshallii, Denny ; but, apart from the fact of the
latter having been originally described by our countryman, who is
only recently dead, and to whom the Sci/dmcsjudce of the chief British
collections (in all of which that I have seen, S. Sparshallii agrees wdth
my conception of that species) in all probability have beeu submitted,
I think that the colour, build and pubescence of the insect figured by
Denny as Sparshallii evidently point to the species known to us by that
name. Denny's description is not very precise ; but the ferruginous
colour, gradually clavate antennae (in which his colored figure agrees,
the much magnified separate outline having the 8th joint absurdly en-
larged, and quite at variance with the description and colored figure),
punctured thorax and elytra which he mentions, agree well with our
SparshalUi, and not with prceteritus. Against these points, however,
must be set the fact that Denny only states the thoracic basal furrow
of his insect to extend a little way up the sides, omitting to notice
the second minute fovea that occurs in it on each side between the
middle and the outer margin.

Schaum originally (Anal, ent., 1841, jj. 13) merely referred to
Denny's Sparshallii as a species which he had not seen, and apparently
closely allied to elongatulus : afterwards (Grerm., Zeitschr. f. d. Ent.,
V, p. 467) he considers he has identified it from Grerman and other
examples ; but his mention of its having no foveae in the transverse
thoracic groove, of the fact of Erichson's specimen not agreeing with
Denny's description in the punctuation of the head and thorax, and
of its color also being dark pitchy brown (for which he endeavours to
account by considering Denny's specimen to have been immature),
show with almost certainty that his insect is that I have just described.
Indeed, were it not that, in giving the diagnostic characters of his S.
helvolus (p. 467), he states the transverse thoracic basal groove to be
not so deep as in his Sparsliallii, I should, as all other characters agree
well enough, have no hesitation in considering heli-olus to be identical
wdth Denny's Sparsliallii. Thomson's helvolus (Skand. Col., ix, p. 358)
has evidently nothing to do with Schaum's species of that name.

The color and thoracic characters of Fairmaire's SparshalUi (Faun,
ent. Fran9., Col., p. 348) agree with Schaum's and not with Denny's
species : but the French author terms the thorax square, and much
narrower than the elytra, the apex of which is, according to him,
abruptly rounded. He appears to have described a melanqe of the
two species ; as those latter characters suit Denny's insect.

Redtenbacher (Faun. Austr., ed. 2. p. 274), so far as he goep.

8 [June,

follows Sctaum ; but Thomson (/. c, x, p. 352), though quoting the
Austrian author, has evidently recognised our SparshalJii (" rufo-
piceus,foveoJis 4 basalihus in impressioiie jyrqfiindd sifis'").

ScTDM^xus puMiLio, Schauui (Stett. ent. Zeit., vii, 1846, p. 356),
is the minutiis of Chaudoir (Bull. Mosc, 1845, p. 186) re-named, on
account of the prior species of that name of Fabricius and G-yllenhal.
Chaudoir states it. to be smaller and proportionately shorter than
exilis, Er. (viciniis, Chaud., teste Schaum), to have a very slight
longitudinal medial thoracic line, and to occur under pine bark.
According to Schaum, it is really most nearly allied to his helvohts,
and is easily distinguishable from all in its section by being, next to
nanus, the smallest in the whole genus, about \ line long. This
species has been recorded as British, apparently solely on the opinion
of M. Aube, as the characters given for it {cf. Ent. Ann. 1863, p. 90)
do not accord either with Chaudoir's or Schaum's remarks. I think,
therefore, its name must be erased from our list. The few supposed
British exponents of it that I have seen are small Spfn'shalUi.

Clambus puxctulfm, Gryll. This species must also, I think, be
erased from our list. It was introduced by Mr. G. R. Crotch, who
stated that it differed from minutus in being about half the size, and
gradually attenuate behind ; — characters not entirely agreeing with
those given by Gyllenhal, who (Faun. Suec, iv, p. 515), comparing it
with minutus, says (besides the difference in size) that its elytra are
entirely black, more obtuse and but little narrowed behind (acuminate
in minufm), its thorax has the lateral margins only narrowly rufescent,
and its legs are black, w4th only slightly lighter tarsi. I possess one
of Mr. Crotch's sjjecimens, which is a rather small example of C.
minutus.

Phalackus Beisouti, sp. n.

JBreviter ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidissimus, antetmis pedihusque

(ac prcecipue anticis) piceo-niqris, tarsis dilutioribus ; elytris suhtilissime

punctut o-sl riatis, interstitiis punclulis paucis minutissimis, fere ohsoletis,

certo situ strius quasi si)nulanlihus,notatis,superJicie totd {pculo fortiter

armato) vage, ohsoletissime, transversini minute rugulosd ; antennarum

articulo apicali intus ad apicem leviter sinuato.

Long. Corp. 1 lin. (Anglic).

I characterize as above the insects mentioned by me in Ent. Ann.,
1872, p. 67, as in my own collection, from Lee, and taken by Mr. Gr. C.
Champion near Grravesend, which I referred with much doubt to P.

i8ri- 1 9

hrunnipes, Bris., and which M. Brisout lias returned to me as not that
species, hut another, allied to and distinct from his P. scriepunctatus.
At the same time, M. Brisout has corroborated as true hninnipes,
another insect (from Mr. G. E. Waterhouses's collection, taken, I
believe, by Mr, Brewer) sent to him by me.

I have not seen P. seriepiuictatus, but, from the description (in
Gren. Cat. et Mat., &c., 11^63, p. -li), my insect would seem to be'
considerably smaller and rather less convex, of a shorter oval form,
with rather darker legs and antennae, and the elytra not exhibiting the
appearance of being covered with closely packed rows of punctui^es.

From the insect returned to me as his hrunnipes by M. Brisout,
my species differs in being smaller, less convex (the thorax especially) ,
of a rather shorter oval outline, and with the punctures of the striae
much more delicate and of the interstices almost entirely obsolete.

The very convex shape and short oval form, short and broadly
clubbed antennae and distinctly punctate-striate elytra of P. suh-
sfriritus at once remove that insect fi'om all of these species. P.
Briso^ifi seems most nearly allied to corruscns, from which it differs
in its average much smaller size (I have, however, an example of
corruscns scarcely 1 line in length), its rather lighter colored fore legs,
tarsi and antennae, the club of which is rather broader and not so
long, the apical joint being conspicuously broader and shorter, and
not so acuminate, but slightly flexuous on the inner side towards the
apex, and in its elytra being more obtusely rounded behind, and more
evidently punctate-striate, with the interstitial punctures much less
numerous. Its extremely delicate punctnation renders accurate defi-
nition very dilficult : in certain lights there is, under a high power,
a tendency to very minute and faint transverse rugulosity ; in others,
the unpunctured portions near the striae catch the eye and cause the
elytra to appear to possess narrow, smooth, and somewhat elevated
lon'fitudinal markings.

Crtptophagus puxctipexxis, Ch. Brisout.

M. Brisout informs me that the specimens mentioned by me in
Ent. Ann., 1872, p. 69, are certainly to be referred to this species :
the character, therefore, of its smaller size, as compared -viiih. pilosus^
that has been attributed to it, is no longer reliable, as one of my ex-
amples, corroborated by M. Brisout, is as large as (if not larger than)
my largest pilosus.

Atomabia badia, Er.

The individual taken at Esher by Dr. Power, and provisionally re-
ferred by me as above (Ent. Ann., 1872, p. 70), is considered by M.
Brisoiit to be Erichson's A. hadia.

H) [Juno,

Atomaria ruMATA, Er.

M. Bi'isout has also returned the insect brought forward by myself
under this name, and recently queried in Dr. Sharp's catalogue, as the
continental notion of A. fumata.

CoRTiCAKiA OBSCUEA, Ch. Brisout.

M. Brisout considers the insect recorded by me with some reser-
vation under this name {cf. Ent. Ann., 1872, p. 71) to be possibly
longicoUis, Thorns., with the diagnostic characters of which, however,
as compared with C. serrata, it does not seem to me in the least to ac-
cord. As, however, there are so many species described in this genus,
of which there is great uncertainty, I refrain for the present from
adding to the difficulty of disentangling them by describing this one
as new without further evidence.

AntIIICUS SCOTICUS, Sp. 11.

Pliimheo-niqer, opacus, puhe griseo-micanti dense vestifus, antennis
pedibusq^ue vel luride testaceis vel fere totis piceo-fuscis ; capite lato,
postice truncato, fortius confertim fere rugidoso-pxinctato, lined longitu-
dinali mediand Icevi; thorace brevi, confertim at minus fortiter punctata ;
elytris qitnm thorax multo latiorihus, ad basin truncatis, convexis, lateri-
bus pro parte apicali tertid breviter ovatis, sat fortiter fere confluentim
punctatis. Long. corp. \\ tin. (Anglic).

This is the insect discussed by me in Ent. Mo. Mag., iii, p. 233,
and Ent. Ann., 1868, p. 70 ; and which, as it does not in the least ac-
cord with A. ater or A.flavipes, Panz., to both of which it has been
referred, and as I have recently had it returned by M. Ch. Brisout as
unknown to him, I now describe as new. It is the Anthicus 6 sp. nor. ?
of Wat. Cat., and has been found, according to Mr. A. Murray, at
Eaehills and in Aberdeenshire ; it has also been sent to me by Mr.
MoitIs Young, of Paisley, and has recently occurred in some numbers
to Dr. Boswell Syme and Mr. E. A. Waterhouse on the shores of Loch
Leven.

Of our recorded species it most resembles A. ang'ustalus, Curtis,
from which it differs in its stouter and shorter antenna?, larger size,
broader build, darker limbs, broader and shorter thorax, which is more
globular in front, and has no tendency to pitchy-red in color, much
broader elytra, which are transversely truncate at the base (with very
evident and almost square shoulders), and rather more closely punc-
tured, &c.

1S72.] 11

The much finer punctuation alone of A.Jlai'ipes is suiHcient to
sliow that this Scotch species cannot be referred to it with propriety ;
though it is evidently closely allied to it.

One of my specimens seems, in certain lights, to possess a faint
tendency to a dark brown humeral blotch.

Smicrojsxx Eeichei, G-yll., in Schou. Gen. et 8pec. Cure, vii, p. 314.
Of this species, originally described from the south of France,
two British examj^les have come under my notice ; one, in very fine
condition, taken by Mr. E. A. Waterhouse in the early summer of
1871, at Folkestone, by sweeping on the top of the cliff at the com-
mencement of the Warren ; the other, larger, but much abraded, taken
in August, 1868, by Mr. Gr. C. Champion, by promiscuous sweeping
between Folkestone and Dover. This insect, on account of its robust
build and stout limbs, has much the facies of an unnaturally large ex-
ample of Taiiyspliyrus lemncB ; compared with its largest British con-
gener, S. jungermannice, it is rather larger, with a thicker and much
duller rostrum and much more thickly and coarsely punctured thorax ;
and, when in good condition, is densely clothed with large grey and
brown scales, which give it a tessellated appearance, much more con-
spicuous than in the slightly variegated and much more feebly built
8. cicur.

10, Lower Park Field, Putney :
May, 1872.

Capture of Carabus intricatus in south Devon. — A magnificent example of this
noble Carabus has been taken by my wife to-day, about two miles from Newton
Abbot, on tlie road to Torquay. It is. a female, and one of the finest I have ever
seen, measuring nearly 17 lines in length. It occurred beneath a log of wood,
amongst some large beech trees belonging to Sir Walter Carew, at Aller Bridge. —
T. V. WoLLASTON, Teignmouth : April ISth, 1872.

Capture of Carabus auratus in London. — Last month, I found a lively specimen
of this somewhat dubious British species among some purchased radishes, which the
seller assures me are of English growth. — E,. BuRKT, Brecknock Street, Camden
Town : May, 1872.

A new locality for Acrognathus. — On Saturday, the 27th April last, I caught
here a specimen of Acrognathus mamlibularis, flying in the hot sunshine. This ap-
pears to be the third locality in England where that rare species has been found ;
both the other places of its capture (Darenth and Epping) bemg also in the neigh-
bourhood of London. The insect's build and habit would scarcely lead one to
expect to catch it on the wing.

Ciclndela sylvatica occm-rcd here as early as 13th April this year.— John Gkay,
€I;iYgale, Eslier : Mag, 1872.

] '> [June,

Captures of Coleoptera near Maidstone. — By way of completing the list of
noticeable species which I met with at Bcarsted, I send a supplementary account of
such as were not enumerated at pp. 155 and 254 of vol. vii. These are : — Bemhidium
hruxellense, B. Mannerhehnei (abundant in a wet place), StiUcus fragilis (one only),
Thiasophila inqiiiUna and Amphotis marginata with Formica fuliginosa, Ocyusa
picina (by cutting rushes), Quedius truncicola, Gyrophcena strictula, Somalimn
salicis (three, in a hayrick), Quedius scintillans (not uncommon in hayricks and
elsewhere), Stenus contractus, S. major, Monotonia spinicoUis, ii-ericoUis, and
quadricollis, Atomaria gittta, Boris T-album, Ceuthorliynclius alliariae, urticcs,
siitureUus and cochleariae, OtiorhyncTiiis raucus, MetaUites (in abundance on one
broom plant, with Polydrusvs confluens), Apion punctigerum, Tychius piygmceus,
Cceliodes suhrtcfus, Ochthehius bicolon and rvjimarginatus, and Corylophus cassi-
doides (common). — H. S. GoRHAM, Rusper Rectory, Horsham: May 14^/i, 1872.

Note on Mind beetles in bees'-)iests. — Some time ago (Ent. Mo. Mag. vi, p. 89) I
recorded the occurrence of Leptinus in bces'-nests. I have now to add that another
of our indigenous blind species, Adelops Wollastoni, was found by me in the same
habitat, at Staple, in Kent, last summer. This nest contained in addition a great
number of CryptopJiagus setulosus, and was enveloped in a web formed by a colony
of the larvEe of one of the large honey-moths. — Id.

Hydradephaga near York. — I have captured the following species at Askham
Bog, during the season of 1871, and possess such of them as are marked * in dupli-
cate. HaUpliis obliquus, *Hydroporus decoratus (local here), *H. dorsalis, *II.
rufifrons, H. xanthopus, *H. oblongns (first taken here, I believe, by the Rev. W. Hey :
this appears to be the only known British locality for the insect), *S. memnonius ,
H. melanarius (one only), *-ff. obscurus, *1I. tristis, H. melanocephalus, *1I.
GyllenJialii, *JI. angnstatus, *II. umbrostis, *II. neglectiis (two specimens here, and
about fifty at Stockton Common : these appear to be the only recorded captures in
this country of this species since it was first discovered by Dr. Power), *II. Scalesi-
anus (apparently confined to the York district, where it was first taken by Mr. Hey) ,
*II. vittula, *n. granulatus (also *H. reticulatus, from the river Foss), * Colymbetes
exoletus (common), C bistriatus (a few), *C. Orapii, *Agabus agilis, *A. abbrevi-
atus, *A. femoralis, *A. Stiirmii, A. dispar (a few), *A. congener, *A. didymus,
*A. chalconotus, Dyti.icus punctulatus, and *Hydaticiis transversalis (in plenty).

In the Philhydrida, Heterocerus femoralis, *Berosus signaticollis (in abun-
dance), and *Cyclonotum orbicidare. — H. Hutchinson, 21, St. Anne's Street, Ceme-
tery Road, York : April, 1872.

Note on. capture of Agriotes sordidns. — I have, during the past winter, taken a
(J example of Agriotes sordidus. 111. (recorded as British on the authority of a sin-
gle specimen taken long ago by Mr. Wollaston, at Southend), out of flood-refuse, on
the banks of the Thames at Hampton ; and, on looking over some unexamined Agriotes
in my collection, I find I have two more, a (J and $ , taken in flood-refuse on the
banks of the Medway, near Chatham, in April, 1871. My insects are almost of the
same size and build as A. obscurus, from which they differ in the more slender joints
of their antenna?, and their more shining thorax, &c. ; being in fact alHed to A. spu-
tator, from which (hey difl'cr (apart from their large]- size and flatter appearance) in

1872,] 13

having the sides of the thorax more evidently contracted in front, and the upper
surface more closely (the interstices of the elytra especially more finely) punctured,
and very evenly pubescent. — Gr. C. Champion, 274, Walworth Eoad, S. : May, 1872.

Note on the occurrence of Chalcididons larvcR in the imago of Ci/nips. — Last
summer, a correspondent sent me a mass of succulent root galls, on opening a few of
which, I found inside the large apterous Ci/nips in the perfect state.

In a spirit of carelessness and indifference, I placed the remainder in a pill-box,
and did not examine them until recently, when I found all the Cynlps dead, some out
of the cells, and some remaining in them. With some of the latter, whose remains
were rather mutilated, was, in each case, a Chalcididous larva, still alive, but in a
dying condition, from the dry state in which the insects had been kept. These had
evidently fed within the Cynips after its arrival at the perfect state ;- but all Chalci-
didous larvae previously found by me associated with Cynips, have left their hosts
whilst the latter were still in the larval condition. — T. Algernon Chapman, Here-
ford : April, 1872.

Note on the hahit of Acanthosoma griseum. — I had again the pleasure of watch-
ing the proceedings of the materfamilias of this species last summer, and now send
some dates to assist Hemipterists proper in looking for a similar sight.

On June 4th, 1871, I noticed a female A. griseum on my birch tree ; she re-
mained near the same part of the tree till the 6th, on which day I found her laying
eggs ; over these she brooded without moving till the 29th, when the yovmg bugs
were hatched ; on July 9th they moulted, and, on the 13th, began to move off their
native leaf ; I now sent them to Mr. Douglas — but the same ill luck which attended
the brood of 1870 pursued this second family also. — J. Hellins, Exeter : May 3rd!,
1872.

Thrips soiling framed engravings. — While recently staying at a quiet old-
fashioned inn nestling among the pleasant Surrey hills, I amused myself by in-
specting the motley array of engravings on the walls of the parlour, and, to my
astonishment, found that these rural treasures of art were speckled all over with
countless numbers of a black Thrips, which had got between the paper and the
glass, and had perished there in every imaginable posture, a discoloured spot
surrounding each individual. I cast my eyes about for other traces of this visita-
tion, but failed to detect any. In size, this Thrips varied between two and thi'ee
millimetres in length, but I believe only one species was represented. I regret to
be unable to give its trivial name, but my colleagues will understand that, like a
bishop " in partibus," I abstained from making known my vocation ; and, therefore,
did not like to ask to have one of the frames taken to pieces to obtain specimens.

In the " Stettiner ent. Zeitung," 1870, p. 325 et spq., Herr Cornelius has
given several instances of this kind as occurring in Germany (Bonn, Grevenbroicli,
Dortmund). His description of the insects would well apply to those I saw.
According to his statement, the insect stands near Thrips longipennis, Brm.,
and is the same as the one met with in swarms late in summer, and annoying to
man by tickling fa<'es and hands, &c. The author explains their appearance in
pictures by their habitually seeking shelter for the night in country houses, and
their endeavour to stow themselves away at the end of the better season. There

14 (June,

may be some truth in this, but why do they select transparent hiding places,
thus defeating the probability of security ? We know that they are moat active in
the bright sunshine : are they such lovers of light, that even their generally in-
eflBcient shelter from the winter's cold must be exposed to the broad daylight ? or
why this marked preference for transparent cover ? — Albeet Mullek, South Nor-
wood, S.E. : March 22nd, 1872.

On the forms of Zygana trifoUi. — Mr. Briggs' paper on the existence in England
of two forms (species ?) of this insect (Trans. Ent. Soc, 1871, pp. 417 — 440) has
been the subject of discussion at the meeting of the Belgian Entomological Society,
lield on the 6th of April last. In the Com'pte-rendn of that meeting (No. 73) Baron
De Selys-Lonchamps gives an abstracted analysis of the paper, and concludes with
the following remarks :• —

" In examining 40 individuals of Z. trifoUi in my collection (and in making a
" provisional separation of the two forms noticed by Mr. Briggs) , I find that the five
" red spots present five principal variations, and that this results from the manner in
" which the two median spots are modified, according to whether they are separate,
" united into one, confluent with the terminal spot, with the basal spots, or with
" both terminal and basal."

He goes on to say, that the disposition of the varieties and their synonymy, ac-
cording to Belgian specimens, somewhat modifies the arrangement as given in Staii-
dinger's catalogue, and enumerates the forms as under : —

a. (Type) trifoUi, Esper (partim), 34, fig. 5 ; Hiibner, 135.

The median spots united, isolated from the terminal and basal spots.
h. Aberi-ation orobi, Hiibner, 133.

The two median spots separated.

c. Aberration glycirrhizcB, Hiibner, 138 ; Freyer, 164, fig. 3.

The two median spots united, and confluent with, the terminal.

d. Aberration minoides, Selys (1845) ; confluens, Staudinger (1871) ; trifoUi, parthn,
Esper, 34, fig. 4 ; acldUem, Hiibner (wee Esper), 165.

All the spots united into a band. FiUjyendulcB, Hiibner, 166, is a sub-variety,
in which the band is less perfect, and forms a passage towards the aberration
glycirrliizce.

e. Aberration hasaUs, Selys (1872) ; trifoUi (partim), Hiibner, 134.

The median spots united and confluent with the basal. This last is less com-
mon than the others ; none of them are constant, but pass from one to the

other.
— Eds.

Natural History of Agrotis cursoria. — This is one of the many species I owe
to the kindness of Mr. C. Gr. Barrett, since he has turned his attention to the insect
fauna of the coast of Norfolk.

On September 4th, 1869, he sent me a dozen moths (mostly females) alive ; and.
in the course of a week some of them laid batches of eggs in little clustered groups
of about forly or fifty, and also a few single ones scattered amongst the sand in their-

1S72.1 15

prison. These eggs I soon aftei' conveyed to what seemed a promising spot for a
future colony at a sand-hill on the coast, with the intention of looking after their
larval produce in the following simimer : but my friend spared me all that trouble
by sending me a number of the larvae, in difPerent stages of growth, on Jmie 11th,
1870, and a fiu-ther supply on the 20th ; these all fed well on Arenaria peploides,
Viola Curtisii, Triticinn junceum, &c., and became full fed towards the end of June,
when they burrowed deep into the sand for pupation, and the perfect insects made
their appearance from the 1st to the 12th of August.

The egg of cursoria is rather small in proportion to the size of the moth, nearly
globidar, flattened a little at the base, veiy finely ribbed and reticulated, and of a
flesh colour.

The larva when young is long and slender for an Agrotis ; but, as it approaches
half growth, it becomes of tolerably stout proportions, and, when fidl grown, is very
decidedly plump. Its form is cylindrical, tapering a little at the first three segments,
the head being the smallest, though fidl and rounded in outline, it tapers also on
the two hinder segments ; the segmental divisions and sub-dividing wrinkles are very
well defined.

The coloiu'ing varies according to its size, but the head and the plate on the
second segment are invariably of a pale brownish-buff tint ; the general coloviring of
the body, up to more than half-growth, is a lively glaucous-green on the back, and
rather bluish or greenish-grey on the sides, with the following details : the dorsal
line is bkiish-grey, outlined with dark greenish-grey ; the sub-dorsal line is of a pale
or whitish- gi-ey, edged above with a strongly contrasting dark greenish-gTcy hne ;
midway between this and the spiracles, on the gi-eenish-grey, rather transparent,
ground colour of the side, there runs another line of pale whitish-grey, but undula-
tmg and interrupted in character ; beneath this again, as far as the spiracles, the
ground colom* is darker ; then follows a broad stripe of greyish-white, having a fine,
dark, gi'ey line running through it, the skin in this region being rather rugose : the
belly and legs are rather pale greenish-grey ; the spiracles are black, and the tuber-
cular dots dark brown ; the head and plate behind it are highly pohshed, and the
rest of the body smooth skinned and shining.

Soon after this period of half-growth, the larva comes to be parti-coloui-ed for a
time, the front segments remain green, whUst a patch of ochreous tinges the back of
the hinder segments ; by and by, this by degrees spreads below, and extends gi-adnally
forwards, keeping pace with the growth of the larva mitd it has attained its fidl size,
when the whole of the body is of the same buff colour as the head, relieved by the
whitish-grey lines before described, -which are edged with short streaks of darkish
grey just at the beginning of each segment ; the tubercular dark brown dots are now
very conspicuous.

The shape of the pupa is like that of many of its congeners, moderately
stout, smooth, and rather shining, and of a pale golden-bro^ra coloiu'. — William
BucKLEE, Emsworth : Mai/, 1872.

Description of the larva of Nola strigula. — I am indebted to tho unvarying
kindness of Mr. W. H. Harwood, of Colchester, for valuable information concerning
the habits of this pretty species, and for opportunities of studying and describing
its larva, examples of which I received from him on June 15th, 1869, and on
June 8tb, 1871.

10 l-T'ine,

Thego larvre fed on oak, pi iiicipally on the under cuticle of the leaves, and
when full-fed, spun up in small boat-shaped cocoons of silk, about -f-^ inch in length,
assimilating perfectly in colour to the surrounding surface of the bark on which
they were constructed, — a circumstance which rendered their detection vei y difficult
After the escape of the moths, which took place sometime about the middle of
July, the cocoons still retained their form and appearance.

For the sake of close examination, one individual was kept without bark until
too late for its spinning a perfect cocoon, and at last it attached itself to the under-
side of a leaf \j the tail amongst a few threads, and there pupated much after the
manner of an Ephyra.

The full-grown larva is but little more than three-eighths of an inch in length,
its body is rather stout in proportion, thickest at the third and fourth segments,
and tapered a little from the seventh to the anal extremity ; the head is full and
rounded, but of less bulk than the second segment ; the body is rounded on the
back and sides, and rather flattened beneath; it has three longitudinal rows- of
prominent wart-like tubercles on each side, i. e., six on each segment, bearing
fascicles of radiating hairs ; it has fourteen legs, the first ventral pair situated at
the eighth segment.

The colour of the body is pale buff, sometimes partaking of aflesh tint ; the dorsal
stripe is yellowish or whitish flesh colour, very broad, and well-defined by a fine border
line of brownish -grey ; the sub-dorsal line is brownish-grey, but interrupted at the
segmental divisions ; all the tubercles are broadly ringed with this colour ; a
conspicuous blackish-grey blotch covers the back of the seventh segment, and
extends from one sub-dorsal line to the other ; there are indications of other
blotches of the same colour on the tenth and eleventh segments, but these are cut
in twain by the broad, cleai-, pale dorsal stripe travelling through and separating
them into a narrow dark mark on each side of the back ; the sides are flesh colour,
the spiracles are entirely hidden from observation by the numerous hairs which
diverge near them from the tubercles ; the ventral surface is pale flesh colour and
naked ; the head blackish-grey, the lobes narrowly margined in front with pale
flesh colour ; the hairs of the tubercles on the anterior segments are pale bi'own
mixed with a few of dark grey, and some few of them in front of the second seg-
ment, and especially on the third, are very long ; the tubercles on the rest of the
body are furnished with hairs of a paler yellowish cohiur; on the back of the
anterior part of the anal segment, issuing from each side, are a few hairs of extra
length, which converge and taper on each side to a fine point directed outwards in a
slightly downward curve, so that these two fine points of hair resemble a forked tail.

The pupa is four lines long, including the cast larva skin adhering to its tail ;
it is not very stout, of ordinary shape, though the wing-cases are long in propor-
tion ; these last are reddish-brown in colour, the other parts very dark brown and
without much polish. — Id.

Description of the larva of Eupithecia sxihciliata. — In the month of August,
1871, Mr. Sang, of Darlington, kindly sent me two living females of Eup. subciliata.
One of them was " in artieulo mortis " when they arrived, the other, which was very
lively, I placed under a large bell-glass with some sprigs of maple {Acer campestre)
in a vial of water.

1872.] 17

In about a week's time, I found she had deposited about twenty eggs at the
junction of the footstalk of the k^af with the stem ; some were laid upon the next
year's bud, others upon the sheath-like covering of the footstalk. They were all
carefully pushed in and concealed from view, and could only be discovered by pulling
off the old leaf. They were at first whitish in colour, but turned red in a? few days.

Diu'ing tlie first week in April, thirteen young larvaj hatched out, and, for a
few days, fed well on the young leaves of the maple ; but, before the ejid of the
month, with one exception, the whole brood died off. I have no doubt that the
cold, changeable, ungenial weather was too much for their delicate frames.

The sole survivor has, I am happy to say, arrived at a healthy maturity, and,
after taking the descriptioii which I append, I have forwarded it to Mr. Buckler, of
Emsworth, who has promised to take its likeness in his usual life-like manner.

" Short, of uniform bulk. Rests with the head slightly incurved. Ground
colour pale yellowish-green. Central dorsal line dark green, somewhat elliptically
enlarged at the centre of each segmental division. On each segment, on either
side of the dorsal line, a small, dark green spot. Sub-dorsal and spiracular lines
yellowish-white, waved, and indistinct. Belly without markings. Segmental divi-
sions yellowish. Tip of dorsal caudal segment whitish. "Wliole body more or less
translucent, and sparsely strewed with short, whitish hairs.

"Hatched first week in April ; full-fed first week in May."

I hope some one will send me eggs of E. 'pygnicEata and togata this year.
E. pernolata, egenata, and afflnitata (whatever this may be) will then be the only
British species of the genus of which the larvae are not known to me. — H. Haepuk-
Ceewe, Drayton-Beauchamp Rectory, Tring : May 3rd, 1872.

[Our remarks concerning E. sitbciUata In the May No. {vide Vol. viii, p. 290)
were evidently prophetic, though we were scarcely prepared for so rapid a fulfilment
of the prophecy. — Eds.].

Description of the larva of Tephrosia consonaria. — On May 15th, 1871, I
received from Mr. H. W. Marsden, of Gloucester, a few eggs of this species ; they
were oval, and in colom* dull reddish-purple. In a fortnight, the young yellowish-
green larva3 emerged, and took readily to oak and birch. By June 23rd, a length of
about five-eighths of an inch had been attained, and the general colour was dark
brown, with a broad yellow double medio-dorsal stripe ; the head paler brown than
the gromid. On Jidy 25th, they were full-fed, and may be described as follows : —

Length, nearly 1^ inches, and very slender in proportion ; head a little wider
than the second segment, globidar, rather flattened on the face, and very slightly
notched on the crown. Body nearly cylindrical, but slightly flattened on the dorsal,
and still more so on the ventral, surface. The segments overlap each other, and thus
render the divisions conspicuous. The usual dots slightly raised, and on the twelfth
segment appear as two slight humps ; the skin has a wrinkled appearance.

The ground colour varies in different specimens from yellowish-green to yellowish-
brown ; head pale, thickly mottled with light or dark brown, according to the shade
of the ground of the body. A dark green pulsating vessel, bordered on each side
with yellowish-gi'een, forms the medio-dorsal stripe ; there are no perceptible sub-
dorsal or spiracular lines. The spiracles are white, encircled with black ; the slight

ly [June,

humps on the twelftli segment black. The ventral surface is yellow, tinged with
green; legs and prolegs brownish. — GrEO. T. Potieitt, Huddersficld : May
\Gth, 1872.

AspicPisca bred jrom jjoplar leaves. — On the 4th April, I began to breed the
AspicUsca from the cases formed in the leaves of poplars (see figure on cover of
Eut. Annual, 1872), which Lord Walsingham collected last autumn, near Fort
Klamath, in Oregon. I have now bred forty specimens, and hope to breed many
more. It so closely resembles the Aspidisca which feeds on the leaves of Cratcsgus
tonientosa (splendor if erella, Clemens), that I do not at present see how it is to bo
distinguished from that species.

At a first glance, one might almost fancy the insect was Cemiostoma scitella ;
the basal half of the anteinor wings is of the same leadcn-grey colour, and the
apical half is tawny, varied with black and white, with a black line projecting in
the cilia at the apex ; but the absence of eye-caps, the thicker antenuEe, and more
glossy head, shew at once it is no Cemiostoma, and the insect has the same curious
way of tumbling about on its head which we notice in Beliozela sericiella when
in the net ; and, clearly, from the habit of the larva, the relationship ought to be
rather with HeUozela and Antispila. — H. T. Stainton, Mountsfield, Lewisham :
May 11th, 1872.

On the Lepidoptera of the " Breck "-.laiid, Xorfolk. — During last season, I had
several opportunities of collecting on the celebrated " Breck "-sand of the Thetford
and Brandon district, and venture to offer some notes thereupon.

The first visit was in the middle of June when most of the special Brandon
insects are generally out, but from the backward season they did not aj)pear so
freely as usual. Heliothis dipsacea flew in the sunshine about the flowers of
Lycopsis arvensis, an occasional Agvophila sulphuraUs was disturbed from among
nettles or Convolvulus, Spilodes sticticalis flew up here and there fi'om its favourite
hiding place — the bare gi'ound, and a worn out Aspilates citraria seemed to show
that one interesting species was already over. Later in the afternoon, a few Acidalia
ruhricata turned up, and two or three Oxyptilus Ixttis. Tortrices were scarce, two
or three Dicrorampha plumhagana, with JSupeecilia atricapitana and anthemidana,
being the principal. The best haul of the day was at sunset, when I " happened upon "
a favourite spot for Tinea imella, exactly at its time of flight, and secured a good
number. Douylasia ociierostomella and Coleophora onosmella were on the wing at the
same time, and Gelechia marmorea was already out. At dusk, Dianthoecia carpophaga
flew about the flowers of Lychnis vespertina, and Silene conica at its usual reckless
pace ; and a careful search after dark among Sisymbrium sophia and cheiranthoides,
and on the patches of cidtivated sainfoin (Onobrychris sativa), produced a few
Lithostege griseata ; but a miserable, cold fog came on and put a stop to collecting.

Later in the month, my friend, the Eev. E. N. Bloomfield, being in the neigh-
bourhood, we arranged a trip together, but, as usual in pre-arranged excursions, the
weather was most unpropitions, and finally, just when our best time for collecting
ought to have come on, the rain came down in such style as completely settled the
matter. A hard afternoon's work had produced but two or three each of Aqrophila

1872.] 19

sniphiiralis, Spilodes sticticaUs, and Oxi/ptilus Iceius; but Platytes cerussellus swarmed
among short grass (the females requiring to be searched for at its roots). Coleophora
annulaf ella \vas pretty common among Chenopodiiim, and Ocnerostoma piniariella
among fir ; and single specimens of Qelecliia distinctella and Elachista paludum
occurred.

Being busily engaged elsewhere, a month passed before the next visit, which
was also in the company of the Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. This time the elements
played us a different trick, for a gale arose, and blew with such fury, that we must
have had a blank day, had we not, fortunately, hit upon a sheltered park fence, over-
hung by firs, larches, &c., and here we compensated ourselves. Eudorea crataegalis
literally swarmed, and we each obtained a fine series of the scarce and little known
Spilonota lariciana. Aventia Jlexula also occurred, with Acidalia inornata, Eupi-
thecia lariciata (worn), Dichelia Grotiana, and Stephensia Brunnichella. While I
kept to the fence, Mr. Bloomfield went into the fields to look for larvae of Lithostege
griseata, but with little success. Plenty of Slsymhrium was searched and swept, but
very few larvae were foimd. Previously, we had wearied ourselves by an unsuccessful
hunt for larva? of Agrophila siilphuraUs and Oxyptilus Icetus, the only result being
that, from among the low plants, along with swarms of Gelechia desertella, we
disturbed a few G. plctella.

We also had a search for larvse or pupae of EupcEcUia anthemidana in the seed
heads of Erlgeron acre, and obtained three pupae. Probably we should have obtained
a fair number, but that some one had been before us and cut the centre flower of
nearly every plant, that being the only blossom which was forward enough to receive
the egg at the time of the first brood. Certainly, hundi-eds of plants had been cut.
If anthemidana be not exterminated in that locality, it will not be the fault of this
industrious collector.

The larva eats out the seeds of the Erigeron, one flower, apparently, sei-ving it
for its whole life, and spins up within the pappus, leaving very little evidence of its
operations.

Wlien the wind abated, we found Gelechia dodeceUa common, and Batrachedra
pinicolella not scarce, among the yomig fir trees ; and, as it got dark, we met with
Crambus falsellus and pinetdllus, and Anerastia lotella, while Homxeosoma elumella
and nebulella were on the thistle blossoms, Hadena chenopodii and Agrotis aquilina
flying among Silene, and Agrotis tritici, Caradrina blanda, and other common
Noctuce, as common on the rag-wort flowers as though they were still at the sea-side,
or had received the habit as a tradition in iminterrupted succession from their
remote ancestors of the Post-glacial era, when the " Breck "-sand was a range of
coast sand-hills. At lamps, when returning, we found a carious red Clisiocampa
neustria (not a common species, apparently, in Norfolk), with Oncocera ahenella
and Acidalia immutata.

Being anxious to obtain some more Spilonota lariciana, I went again in the
beginning of August, but the fence was deserted, and I only succeeded in beating a
single specimen from the yomig firs. Apparently, the scarcity of this insect in
collections arises from the difiiculty of disturbing it from its haunts in the larch
trees. On this occasion but little was to be found in the day time. Eudorea
cratcegalis was still abundant on tree trunks, but getting worn ; E. truncicolella just

20 [June,

coming out. Some aspen trunks were alive with Gelechia popuMla and marmorea,
and Batrachedra prcsangusta ; and Thecla quercus had been tempted from his high
estate by the abundant blossoms of Knautia ari^ensis. Towards sunset, specimens of
the second broods of Acidalia rubricata and Oxyptilus Icvtiis appeared, with plenty
of Catoptria citrana (frequenting Achillea millefolium), and a very fine and beautiful
Oncocera aheneUa. At dusk, I wandered on to a heath where the whistling of the
stone curlews sounded wild and shrill. Here, among the young fir trees, Lithosia
complana made its appearance, and quite a little swarm of them hovered round one
low bush in which a $ was concealed. Near by, on some broken ground, thistles
were blooming in abundance, and on them, with Lithosia complana, were Somoeosoma
eluviella and nebulella. But the greatest attraction was the abundance of blooming
scabious {Knautia arvensis). On it, after dark, was complana again, with various
JVoctuce, and several specimens of the scarce Pempelia ahieteUa.

One day, a week later, was the gi-andest of the season. The heat was simply
intense, and insects felt it. There was no difficulty in stirring them up, but to keep
them in sight was not so easy. Noctuce — Agrutis valligera and tritici, Hadena
chenopodii, &c., excited by the hot sun, and unable to remain in their hiding places,
were tearing about from flower to flower, while the pretty httle Acontia luctuosa,
quite in its element, was taking matters more easily. Aspilates citraria (second
brood) and worn Catoptria citrana tumbled out in every direction, Oxgptihts Icetus
and Spilodes sticticalis were almost common, and Acidalia rubricata nearly wild
with the heat. They were gone like a flash. One specimen had to be turned out of
its favourite patch of weeds three different times before it would submit to be
caught. It became necessary to hide my bag in the cool shade of thick bushes, and
not to keep my captures long in my pocket, lest they should get roasted. By keep-
ing them cool, however, I saved many a specimen that would otherwise have got
beaten to fragments.

As evening advanced, insects became more composed, and more easily captured.
Sericoris cespitana appeared pretty commonly, and with it Coleophora saturateUa
and injlatce. As soon as it was dark, the scabious flowers became again the attraction.
Lithosia complana common, but worn, Eudorea truncicolella also common, Macaria
liturata, and a few more Pempelia abietella, — all upon them till the moon came out
brightly from behind the firs and drove them away. Several specimens of Gelechia
distinctella were also taken, flying over these flowers, and even a dissipated Acontia
luctuosa, sipping the sweets at 10 p.m. Returning home, a lovely specimen of
LJupoecilia Legreyana waited for me on a gas lamp.

A fortnight later, I made my last visit for the season. Most of the species last
named were still out, but worn ; even Qelechia desertella and marmorea were not
over, and I met with Crambus latistrius and Trifurcula immundella ; and at the
lamps, at night, found Paraponyx stratiotalis, Tinea imella (second brood), Elachista
cerussella, and Opostega salaciella ; but the noticeable circumstance of the day was
that Agrotis valligera was actually swarming, both by day and night, on the scabious
flowers, accompanied by abundance of A. tritici (not the dull brown tritici of other
inland districts, but the dark, variable, and richly coloured tritici of the coast sand-
hills), but of their constant eoa*^ companion, -.4^ro^«* cztrsoria, not one single speci-
men could be found, nor can I ascertain that it has ever been seen in that district.

1872.] 21

I did not notice when collecting that the Lithosia complana found so commonly
were not precisely like those of the south of England, but slightly smaller, with
rather straighter costa, and in some specimens a decided increase of the leaden
colour on the hind-wings — intermediate specimens, in fact, as I believe between
complana and molyhdeola of Guenee. Taking into consideration the fact that Lord
Walsingham took, three or four years ago, specimens in the west of Norfolk
much more closely resembling the typical molybdeola from Lancashire, I am com-
pelled to the belief that it is merely a variety or race of complana. I give my
opinion, however, for what it is worth, since my friend Mr. Doubleday holds a
different view, and considers my specimens to be true molyhdeola, and not complana ;
while the interesting notice of the larvae by the Rev. J. HeUins (E. M. M., vol. viii,
p. 174) is also clearly against me.- — Charles Gr. Barrett, Norwich : \^th May, 1872.

Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Lancashire and Cheshire sand-hills. — On the
15th inst. I returned home from a four days' collecting excursion, in company with
the Revs. J. W. and T. H. Daltry, of Madeley, to the sand-hills of the Lancashire
and Cheshire coast. With the exception of the first evening, the weather was every-
thing that coidd be desired, and we found the dwarf sand sallows in full golden
bloom, a sight long to be remembered. The pretty sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were
darting about in the sun, whilst aU the pools were alive, day and night, with the not
unmusical croaking of hundreds of the peculiar and curious natterjack toad. In
Lepidoptera we worked specially for Tceniocampa opim,a, and, in three nights, secured
106 specimens. Many of them were taken at the sallow bloom, but still more at
rest, and a great many were depositing their eggs, which we found not only on Rosa
spinosissima, which is said to be the food-plant, but on sallow, on old withered
shoots of ragwort and hounds-tongue, and even on the marram or sand grass. This
would give rise to a suspicion that the larva is a general feeder. When first laid, the
eggs, being pale yellow, are very conspicuous, 'even at a considerable distance ; but
they soon change to purplish-brown, and are then much less distinct. The species
seemed very local, and, perhaps, had it not been for the kindness of Mr. WiUiam
Greasley, of Wallasey, a local Lepidopterist, we might have missed it. Amongst the
other species taken were T. gracilis and rubrico.ia, Gonoptera lihatrix, JEupithecia
pumilata, Nyssia zonaria, Anticlea badiata, &c. Of larvae, Orgyia fascelina was
plentiful ; of Bombyx quercus and rubi, a few were picked up, the latter spinning up ;
a few young Satyrus Semele on the marram grass ; and imder the sand amongst the
same plant, those of Leucania littoralis ; of JEpunda lichenea, about 30 were found
on the common Seduni ; whilst hibernating Liparis salicis were obtained from the
crevices of a row of palings, along which were a lot of willow bushes. — George T.
PORRITT, Huddcrsfield : April 15th, 1872.

Captures during the vwnth nf March.— The following arc somo of my best
captures during the month of March, and are, I think, unusually early. Ocnerostoma
pinariella, 4th ; Andrena bicolor and cestiva, 5th ; Tcvniocanipa miniosa, 7th ;
Hensimene fimhriana, 11th ; Eriogaster lanestris, 15th; Necrophoru.'i humator, 25th ;
Cucxdlia verbasci, bred, 28th. — C. W. Dalk, Glanvilles Wootton : lOt/i April, 1872.

22 [June,

SlcuifUJS.

The Micrographic Dictionary, 3rd edition, edited by J. W. Griffith, the
Eev. M. J. Berkeley, and T. Eupert Jones. London : John Van Voorst.

At p. 1G7 of vol. viii we had occasion to notice the first two parts of the new
edition of this work. The succeeding parts up to pt. vii, commencing the letter C,
are now before us. To all of our readers who possess a microscope we heartily re-
commend this Dictionary, which is a perfect mine of information on every subject
connected with microscopic research, illustrated by many beautifully executed plates
of crowded figures, and by wood-cuts without end. The entomological portion is
carefully compiled, though perhaps scarcely brought sufficiently down to the present
date. The article " Chalcididce,^' selected by us at random, is a good example of the
manner in which exceedingly useful information may be condensed into smaU space.
Possibly the Bibliographical references are not always so complete as might be de-
sired ; but, at any rate, they are sufficient to enable the student to know where to
look for more extended information than could possibly be furnished by a Dictionary.
In the article " Arachnida " we notice a curious error in bibliography. Among the
books quoted is "Walker, British Spiders (Ray Society)." We could readdy have
believed that Mr. Walker had written such a. work, but the facts oppose the supposi-
tion, and there is evidently no confusion with the elaborate Monograph by Mr.
Blackwall, published by the Ray Society, for this is noticed in its proper place ; how
the error can have originated is a problem we will not attempt to solve.

Die Pflanzen Feinde aus der Classe der Insecten. Von J. H. Kal-
TENBAcli. I. Abtheilung. Stuttgart : JuLirs Hoffmann. 1872.

Sixteen years have elapsed since there first appeared in the " Verhaudlungeu des
natm-historischen Vereines der preussisehen Rheinlande imd Westphalens " a paper
by J. H. Kaltenbach entitled " Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der
Insekten, oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutsclilands Pflanzen
beobachteten Bewohner und ihrer Feinde," in which, under the successive genera of
plants, arranged alphabetically, were enumerated the various insects of all orders by
which they were infested. This first paper, extending to 100 pages, treated only of
the genera commencing with the letter A ; in 1858 appeared the letter B ; in 1859, C ;
in 1860, D, E, F ; in 1862 G, H, J, K, L ; in 1864, M, N, 0, P ; in 1866, Q, R.

Necessarily, the work is, to a great extent, a compilation ; aiul, as its materials
are collected from a variety of sources, all are not equally trustwoi-thy ; but, quite
independently of the compilations from other entomological publications, there is a
mass of notes from Herr Kaltenbach's o^^ti obseiwatious, and other valuable informa-
tion is extracted from the letters he had received from his numerous correspondents.

The periodical (published at Bonn) in which these j^apers appeared has but a
very limited circulation in this country, and hence it has happened that the labours
of Herr Kaltenbach had been continued from some time without attracting much
attention. Micro-Lepidopterists wdl not easily forget the sensation produced in the
year 1861 by the discovery of the larvae of the genus Micropteryx, and by oiu- finding,
moreover, that these larvae, which every Micro-Lepidopterist had been throwing away
for years, under the idea tliat they were Coleopterous, had actually been described by
Kaltenbach, and correctly referred to the genus Micropieryx, under Corylus, which
was published in 1859.

1872.] - 23

It was then seen that he who studied the vegetable feeders of all orders con-
ferred a great boon on specialists ; for that larvae neglected by them, as not apparently
belonging to their group of insects, might really belong thereto : and Kaltenbach's
papers have since then been eagerly studied by all who had access to them.

In 18G7, a French translation of Kaltenbach's papers was commenced in a Bel-
gian publication, " Archives Cosmologiques," but we do not know how far this has
pi'ogressed, having only seen the letter B.

In the same year, a proposition was made to the Ray Society by one of the
Editors of this Magazine for an English translation of Kaltenbach's Memoirs, to be
brought out collectively in one volume, under the auspices of that Society, which
the Council decided to accept ; as, however, many years must elapse (from the
numerous engagements of the Ray Sotsiety) before this translation can possibly
appear, we were very glad to learn some months ago that Herr Kaltenbach had
resolved to issue a collected edition of his scattered papers in G-erman.

Of this, the first portion, extending to 288 pages (8vo), is now before us, and to
all Entomologists who are masters of the German language will prove a great bo.on.
In bringing out this new edition, however, the author has entirely recast the work ;
it is no longer an alphabetical arrangement of the genera, but the arrangement is ac-
cording to the sequence of the natural orders of plants, and it is illustrated with
numerous wood-cuts of the. plants.

Commencing with the Ranunculacece, we have the Berberidce, the W^jnphceacece,
the PapaveracecB, the Fumariacece, the Cruciferce, the SesedacecB, the Clstineae, the
ViolareiB, the Polygalacece, the Caryophyllacece, the Tamaricineae, the Hi/per icinece,
the Linacece, the Malvacece, the Tiliaeem, the Cferaniacea;, the JRutacece, the Sapin-
dacece, the AmpelidecB, the TerebinthacecB, the Rhamnacece, the Papilionaceos, the Mo-
sacece, the Onagracece, the Lythrarem, the Cucurbitacece, the Crassulacem, the Ribe-
siaceae, the Saxifraga;, and the TJmbeUiferce, which are only partially included in the
part before us.

There is no doubt that this edition is a vast improvement on the original one
and the subsequent French translation ; and it may now, indeed, be a matter for
consideration with the Ray Society whether the proposed English translation, for
which illustrated wood-cuts, as in the new German edition, had never been contemp-
lated, will really be needed.

6bituariT.

George Robert Gray, F.R.S., S(c. — Visitors to the Officers' studies in the Zoo-
logical department of the British Museum will no longer have their dry researches
enlivened by the cheerfid chat and amiable jests of the coiu'teoxis assistant-keeper ;
who, though par excellence an Ornithologist, had always a regard for Entomology and
its students, and whose writings (nearly a score in number) upon insects of various
orders entitle liim to more than honorable mention here. Although not precisely the
first in date of his entomological publications, the descriptions of new genera and
species of insects by him in Griffiths' edition of Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 1832
(Vols, xiv and iv), are perhaps" best known to English readers, though scarcely
written in orthodox scientific fashion. The Phasmidm, especially those of Australia,
received considerable attention from him (including a monograph of the typical

24. [June, 187:'.

genus), aud two, at least, of the well-known Museum Catalogues oi Lepidopfera
(FapilionidcB) are his work : we may also mention a more interesting and now rare
volume from his pen, viz., Notices of Insects that form the bases of fungoid parasites.
Mr. Gray was the son of Mr. Samuel F. Gray, himself a writer on various
branches of natui-al science : he was born at Little Chelsea, near London, on the 8th
July, 1808, and was educated at the Merchant Tailors' School. Having become ac-
quainted with that well-known naturalist, Mr. J. Gr. Children, whose cabinet of
insects he arranged, Mr. Gray was, in 1831, appointed, through that gentleman's
influence, an assistant in the British Museum, in which Institution he remained until
his death, having risen through the usual grades to the position of assistant-keeper
under his brother, Dr. J. E. Gray, and having become a member of various scientific
societies, culminating in the Eoyal Society. ' After a sudden and shoi-t illness, during
which he was insensible for quite a week, Mr. Gray died from paralysis of the brain
on the night of Monday, the 6th ult. He leaves a widow, but no issue.

Entomological Society of London, 6th May, 1872. — H. T. Stainton, Esq.,
F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Lieut. H. Murray, 104th Fusiliers, was elected a Member, and J. E. Mason,
Esq., of Alford, a Subscriber.

Mr. E. Saunders exhibited a series of sijecies of Australian BuprestidcB, illus-
trating the sexual differences existing in insects of that group.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a large collection of Symenoptera, chiefly Aculeata,
sent from Japan by Mr. G. Lewis. Several of them appeared to be identical with
British species, and the genera were all represented in Eurbpe, save one genus of
ants. There were also six species of TenthredinidcB pertaining to the genus Hylo-
torna, and a species of Sirex closely allied to S. gigas, but apparently differing in
the constricted base of the abdomen.

Mr. Verrall exhibited an example of Syrphiis lasiopldhalmus with a peculiar
malformation of two of the tibiae, which appeared as though they had been broken
and badly vmited afterwards. He attributed this to some injury received when the
insect had just emerged from the puparium, and when the parts were of soft con-
sistence.

Mr. Stainton exhibited an aspen leaf sent by Lord Walsingham from Oregon
(see the cover of the ' Entomologist's Annual ' for 1872), pierced by a multitude of
small oval holes, caused by mining micro-lepidopterous larvae of the genus Aspidisca,
which cut out oval cases when fidly fed. He also exhibited living and dead
specimens of the moth, which gi-eatly resembled Cemiostoma sci fella, but differed
structually in wanting the eye-caps.

Mr. E. Saunders read ' Descriptions of twenty new species of Buprestida.'

Mr. H. W. Bates read a Memoir on the Longicorn Coleoptera of Chontales,
Nicaragua, embodying the results of the researches of Mr. Thomas Belt, in so far as
regarded the family under consideration. ■ Mr. Belt's collection contained about 250
species of Longicorns, of which 133 were peculiar to the district. Mr. Bates con-
sidered that an analysis of the collection elicited two general facts of much interest :
first, the homogeneity of the type of the insect-fauna of the forest region of tropical
America, extending probably over 45 degrees of latitude ; and, secondly, the existence
of a distinct northern element, the metropolis of which is Central America.

July, isr^i.i 25

OX THE BRITISH TORTRICES OF THE GEXERA BICRORAMFHA
AXD ENDOPISA, AS RESTRICTED BY WILKINSON.

BY CITAS. G. BARRETT.

Although widely separated in Wilkinson's work on the British
Tortrices, some of the species in these two genera are so intimately
allied in general appearance, that it is useless to attempt to clear up
the difHculty which envelopes them, without taking both together.
It is hardly necessary to add, that in Mr. Doubleday's list, and in that
of Dr. Wocke, in Staudinger's Catalogue, these species are arranged
quite differently.

Dicro-rampha Petlverella, L. — Sufficiently described by Wilkinson.
A well known and abundant species.

D.Jlavidorsana, Ivnaggs. — Described by Dr. Knaggs, E. M. M.,
January, 1867, and in the Ent. Annual for 1867, where it is also
figured. Of this species Professor Zeller writes that — " it is a variety
" of Petlverella, and flies with it." With great reluctance, I am com-
pelled to agree with him. A careful examination shows no distinctive
marking which is not partaken of by Petiverella, nor any line which
can be satisfactorily drawn between their variations ; neither does it
show any peculiar habits nor special habitats. The place in which I
took the original specimens produced no more, and the other captures
seem to be equally casual.

D. seqiiann, Hlib. — A very distinct species, sufficiently well de-
scribed.

D. poUtana, Hiib. — This species is sunk into a synonym of alpi-
nana, Tr., by Dr. Wocke, in Stand. Cat., — not even recorded as a
variety. Prof. Zeller suggests that both may be only forms of Peti-
verella ; he says — •" they all fly together, and are united by insensible
" passages." In this count-y this is not the case, Petiverella occurs
everywhere, and therefore accompanies the other species in their lo-
calities ; hut politana is local, and not to be found in many parts of
the country, but swarms wherever it occurs : moreover, its characters
are sufficiently distinctive — fore-wings long and narrow, dorsal blotch
very oblique, much more so than in Petiverella, its anterior margin
straight, consequently appearing to be produced along the dorsal mar-
gin of the wing. Costal streaks numerous and very short.

D. alpinana, Tr. — Pore-wings much broader than in politana, dull
olive-brown, costal streaks few and indistinct, dorsal blotch broad, only
slightly ob!i(|ue, with curved anterior margin.

26 [July,

The remaining species may be generally characterized as dark
brown, irrorated with yellow scales, having a more or less distinct dor-
sal blotch, beyond it lustrous lines proceeding from the costal streaks,
and a row of black dots before the hind margin.

D. sim])liciana, Haw. (cah'c/inosana, Tr.). — The largest species in
the genus, and easily separable by the h'eadth of its wings. Dorsal
blotch triangular, wdth its apex pointing towards the hind margin, di-
vided from base to apex by a dark line, and aiiteriorly distinctly dark
margined. Yellow scales large, not abundant. Lustrous lines leaden,
broad and distinct, especially in the female, which has but few of the
yellow scales.

D. tanaceti, Stn. {saturnana, Heinemann). — Nearly as large as
simpliciana. Yellow scales small, exceedingly alundant, placed in
short lines, and giving the wing a golden ajj^pearance. Leaden lines
narrow and dull. Dorsal blotch not triangular, but rather in the form
of a head and shoulders, or of a round loaf with a broad base, being
constricted above the middle of the wing. In the female this is nearly
obsolete.

The only British specimens I have seen were from Mr. McLachlan,
and were bred by Mr. D'Orville from tansy. These agree with con-
tinental specimens of Heinemann's saturnana. Zeller says — " It flies
"in May among tansy."

Dr. Wocke (in Stand. Cat.) sinks the name tanaceti into a synonym
of plumhagana, Tr., a smaller species, but he gives saturnana, Hein.,
as a distinct sj)ecies in another sub-genus, and synonymous with
another totally distinct species, saturnana, Gn., Wilk., Stn.

D. plumbagana, Tr. — Smaller, and having narrower fore-wings
than the two preceding species, readily recognisable by its hright lus-
trous lines. Yellow scales large, arranged in ii'regular lines. Blotch
nearly upright, very irregular inform, not triangular, hut dilated at the
apex, and divided by two delicate, dark, upright lines. Costal streaks
bright silvery, not crossing the wing, hut the pair over the blotch some-
times unite ivith an irregular silver-edged patch above the anal angle.

Dr. Wocke (in Stand. Cat.) seems to have got into a serious con-
fusion with regard to this species also : plumbagana, Tr., he quotes as
a good species (No. 12S3), making it, however, synonymous with tana-
ceti, Stn., but plumbagana of Wilkinson he quotes (with a ?) as a
synonym of the previous species, distlnctana, Hein., and again after-
wards (with another query) as synonymous with suhsequana, Haw. and

IS72.1 27

Wood! ! Haworth's subseipiuiia is now well known to liave been pyy-
mceana, Hiibnei" (No. 1210 of AVocke) ; while Wood's siihsequana is
Pamplusia ononticolana (wMcli is Wocke's INTo. 1243).

It seems, therefore, not improbable that these three supposed
species (Nos. 1282, -3, and -4) may all be referable to pJii,mbagana,
Treitschke, although some of the synonyms belong elsewhere.

M. Jourdheuille, in his Micro-Lepidopterist's Calendar, states
that the larva of this species feeds in roots of Achillea millefolium.

D. senectana, Grn. — Introduced in Mr. Doiibleday's list, but with-
out description. Called by Wilkinson the ? of his saturnana, from
which it is very distinct.

Described by Guenee — "Allied to ulicana {i. e. plumb ana), h\xt
" larger and paler, wings of the same foi'm as caliginosana (simpUciana),
" cinereous, irrorated with very numerous yellowish scales, in fact,
" almost covered with them, nearly immaculate. The dorsal patch and
" marginal sjDots scarcely visible. Costa wdth lead-coloured strigulae.
"Posterior wings cinereous. Palpi elongated as in ulicana.''''

This description is excellent. The insect appears to be light
bi'own, from the almost total absence of leaden lines and the abun-
dance of yellow scales. Alar. exp. 7 lines.

Apparently a scarce species in this country. I have seen but
two or three specimens, one of which is the type named by Guenee,
and kindly lent me by Mr. Doubleday.

D. herhosana, n. sp.

^. Head and antennae pale brown. Palpi whitish, tip brown.
Thorax pale brown. Pore-wings with the costa rather arched and the
apex pointed, rich brown, with numerous small bright yellow scales,
arranged in short irregular lines, not very close together, but allowing
the ground colour to appear. Dorsal blotch triangular, oblique
pointed at the apex, pale brow^n, darkly margined on hoth sides, and
enclosing several faint bi'own lines on its base. Costal streaks short
and indistinct, pale silvery. Above the anal angle, and parallel with
the hinder margin of the dorsal blotch, is a long, narrow, irregular
space, margined with a silvery line. Two or three of the usual blacJv
dots are barely visible at the hind margin. Cilia shining, pale yellowish.
Hind- wings whitish, tinged wdth grey.

? . Darker, especially on both sides of the sharply defined and
nointed blotch, and with fewer yellow scales. Hind-wings brown.

Alar. cxp. 7 lines.

28 i'^"'-'''

Readily distinguiislied from the allied species by its pointed wings
and distinct, oblique, pointed dorsal blotch, in which respects it is
closely allied to acumlnatana.

Five specimens have been kindly entrusted to me by the Eev. H.
Bui'ney and by Mr. J. Sang, who takes them on grassy slopes near
Darlington. Also taken on a canal bank near Saltwick, Lancashire,
by Mr. Hodgkinson.

D. acuminatana, Zeller. — Eeadily distinguished from the last-
named species by its purplish tinge, arising from the numei'ous jjurple
scales arranged in lines over the whole of the fore-wings, and from
the other allied species also by its acutely jtointed fore-wings and
oblique dorsal blotch. In continental examples the ground colour is
sometimes very pale, throwing up the purple scales to great advantage.

D. consortiimi, tSteph., AVilk. — AVilkins^on's description of this
species is excellent. It may be distinguished from the allied species
by its small size, very few yellow scales on a dark brown ground, nu-
merous black dashes on the fore-wings, especially along the fold, and
its very narrow, divided, and sinuatcd dorsal blotch, which is produced
towards the apex of the wing. Costal streaks bright, short, and nearly
perpendicular to the margin.

Singularly enough, this species occurs of two different sizes, one
nearly as large as the male of D. acuminatana, the other much smaller ;
and so constant are they as to suggest the idea of distinct species, but
a careful examination under a good magnifier of males of both forms,
seems to detect no other distinctions.

A small continental species, having the dorsal blotch whitish, has
been supposed to be identical with this, but I think it not distinct
from agilana, Tengstrom, Heinemann. It seems to me in form more
closely allied to sequana than to consortann. I have not as yet seen a
British specimen anything like it.

Endujyisa safunianr/, Gn., A\"ilk. — AVilkinson separates this and
the next species from the D/crorai/ij^J/cc on account of the absence of
the costal fold in the male. In other respects they are extremely
closely allied. This natne has been usually applied in cabinets, in this
country, to the next species, j;Z?fw?;r/;?rf (this being called itlicana), hut
Gruenee's and Wilkinson's descriptions, as well as Guenoe's labelled
types, kindly lent me by Mr. Doubleday, prove this to be an error.
They are exceedingly difficult to separate, unless very fine, and this
species in particular is most difficult to characterize. Its ground

1872.] 29

colour is brown, but aluiost entirely concealed by snudl pcde yeUoic
scuJea with icJiifidh bases, arranged in short, straight lines, very close
together, and with extreme neatness. Dorsal blotch hardly visible, in
fact, generally obsolete, and the wing is crossed in succession from near
the base to the hind margin, by obscure, silvery-grey, angulated lines,
originating in the costal streaks. The three apical streaks, however,
unite together near the costa, and do not cross the wing. ? very
similar, hind-wings rather darker.

Exceedingly local. Taken by Mr. Bond, I believe, on chalk downs,
but apparently in very few collections. Pi'of. Zeller, to whom speci-
mens have been submitted, says it is quite unknown to him.

E. phnnbana, 8eopoli (ulicana, Gn., AVilk.). — Fore-wings dark
brown. Yellow scales larger, more ochreous, and not arranged so
closely or regularly as in saturnana (consequently this is a darker
insect). Dorsal blotch rather paler than the ground colour, its ante-
rior edge oblique, posterior edge nearly upright. Wing crossed by
two or three leaden lines beyond the middle, but sometimes these are
nearly obsolete. ? darker (iron-grey with an olive tinge), very few
yellow scales, but the leaden lines broad and distinct. Costa rounded.
Very different to the male.

This is the commonest species of the group, and seems to occur
in grassy places almost everywhere. It may even be found flying in
the afternoon along grassy banks by road sides.

Dr. Wocke (in Stand. Cat.) correctly sinks nlicana, Gn., into a
synonym oi phnnbana, Scop. The Dierorampha plumbana recorded as
British in the Ent. Annual for 1870, and taken in the north by Mr.
Hodgkinson, is merely the female of this species. It is sluggish in its
habits, and most easily obtained by sw'eeping the grass in the afternoon
■« hen the male is flying.

From Mr. AVilkinson's remarks after his description of Endopisa
siiturmina (p. 228), it seems evident that he had not even then any
clear idea of the species, as distinguished from its allies, and therefore
I suspect that his localities for that species and his ulicana may not
all be reliable. It is, therefore, very desirable that a record should be
obtained of the localities in w^hich these and the more obscure Dicro-
ramphce are found, so as to get a better idea of their habits and distri-
bution in this country.

The remaining species of the genus Endopisa may readily be
recognized by their uniform glossy appearance, arising from the absence
of the yellow scales and of the dorsal blotch.

30 l''"'>''

E. roseticohma, Zeller. {Germarana, AVillv., Doubl., non ITilb.) —
Easily recognizable by its dark purple-brown, almost immaculate fore-
wings, and slightly rounded costa. Under a lens the ocellus above the
anal angle becomes sligbtly visible, containing four faint black streaks,
and edged behind with blue. The costa, also, has a few distant, faint
whitish streaks.

Found among wild rose, the larva feeding in the hips.

The name Germarann, Hiibner, has been applied by mistake to
this species. Atropurpurana andpro.vimrrua of Haworth and Stephens,
quoted in Mr. Doubleday's list as synonyms, do not seem to refer to it,
since the former is described as having wJ/ife cilia, whilst the latter
seems to agree best vcith pismia, Gru. Its identity with roseticolana is
affirmed by Prof. Zeller himself, and his description applies most ac-
curately to it. It is worthy of remark, however, that an allied species
with broader wings and costa nearly straight has been sent to Mr.
Doubleday by Dr. Staudinger under this name. It is dull, dark, pur-
plish-brown, w^ith a few yellowish scales and white costal streaks. It
does not seem to have been found in this country.

Dr.Wocke (in Stand. Cat.) seems to have overlooked Wilkinson's
description of this species entirely.

E. nigricana, Stcph. {tenehrosana, Dup., pisana, Gn., Doubl., proxi-
??zfl'??.r/, "Wilk., nehrifaiia, AVilk., Doubl., iion Treitschke). — The common
pea-feeding species, readily known by its glossy fore-wings, brownish
or drab with an olive tinge, and the distinct yellow or whitish costal
streaks. Specimens of the supposed two species {nigricana ixwdi proxi-
maiw, AVilk.) having been submitted to Prof. Zeller, he wrote — "That
"he considered them to belong to one variable species, tenehrosana,
" Dup." He also, with his usual kindness, sent specimens of the true
nelritana, Tr.,from Austria, a species which hardly occurs in northern
Germany. These are larger and rather darker, and have the third
costal gemination produced to the ocellus, where it makes a sudden
bend and forms a perpendicular, bright golden line down the inner
margin of the ocellus. A similar straight golden line bounds it ex-
teriorly, and the fifth costal streak is not continued to the cilia as in
our species.

I can find no evidence to contradict Prof. Zeller's opinion. Wil-
kinson's descriptions of the larvae of the two supposed species arc
practically identical, and Mr. Bond, Mr. Machin, and others, who have
taken and bred them, agree with me that they have no reliable point
of distinction, both forms being taken together. Mr. Doubleday,

1872.] 31

however, tells me that he onee saw thousands of 2^isana in a field in
which peas had been grown the year before, and that there was not
one so dark as Haworth's nigricana among them ; the question may,
therefore, still be considered open for further investigation.

One thing, however, is very certain, that so far from being scarce
in the perfect state, as Wilkinson affirms, they ai'e exceedingly abun-
dant on the sunny side of hedges adjoining the previous year's pea
fields, and at the edges of woods where Orohiis and other vetches are
common.

Dr, Wocke (in Stand. Cat.) sinks ^jroav'wff;m, Wilk., as a synonym
of tenehrosana, Dup., making nirjricana, Steph., ?L\\di pisana, Gn., syno-
nymous with the next species, nehritana, Tr. As this is an error,
pr'oximana, nigricann, andpisana being all synonymous with tenehromna,
Dup., this last name will have to be dropped in favour of nigricana,
Steph., which has the priority.

E. Oermarana, Hiib. (pnncticostana, Steph., "Wilk., Doubl.). — A
small species, recognizable at once by its yellow face and palpi, and by
the narrow, shining, blackish-brown fore-wings, with numerous short
yellow costal streaks.

Dr. "Wocke (in Stand. Cat.) calls this Germmana, quoting Hiib-
ner's first name, which seems to have been accidentally thus printed ;
but as Hilbner afterwards corrected it himself, it seems an abuse of
the law of priority to insist on retaining it instead of Germarana.
"Wocke quotes atropurpurana of Haworth and Stephens, as well as
immaculana, Gn., as synonyms of this species.

Before quitting this group, it may be as well to refer to one more
species which is exceedingly apt to be mistaken for a Dicroramplia, viz.,
GraphoUta nUcetann, of which, small dark examples are constantly to
be found mixed with them in collections. This may, however, nearly
always be distinguished by the large brownish-grey ocellus which oc-
cupies nearly the whole of the apical third of the fore-wing, and
contains several black lines.

Norwicli : 10th May, 1872.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA ALLIED TO 3IEL0E.
BT CHAS. O. WATERHOUSE.

MELOETTPHLUS, gen. kov.
Mentum small, transverse, rounded at the sides, bi-impressed ;
apical joint of the labial palpi short, ovate, that of the maxillary palpi
compressed, slightly acuminate, truncate at the apex ; mandibles bent

:V2 [J"'y.

almost at right angles in ilie middle, aeumiuate at tlie apex ; labrum
small, traiis\erse, rounded at the sides and in front, impressed in the
centre. Head very large, nearly as wide as the elytra at their greatest
width, transverse, rounded at the sides, emarginate posteriorly, with a
deep longitudinal impression from the neck to the anterior margin, al-
most dividing the head into two spheres. Antennae very short, about
three-quarters the length of the head, the basal joint largest ; the
second short, transverse ; the third to ninth joints very slightly trans-
Averse, sub-equal, the tenth joint a little longer, the eleventh a little
longer and acuminate.* Eyes none.

Thorax moderately convex, a little more than half the Avidth of
the head, slightly narrowed behind, obliquely truncate on each side in
front, faintly longitudinally impressed on the disc.

Scutellum moderate in size, triangular, rounded at the apex.

Elytra covering the abdomen only in part, overlapping each other
inner margin parabolically rounded, their epipleurae covering the meso-
and meta-thoracic parapleurie.

Legs strong, short ; intermediate and posterior coxae contiguous,
femora slightly compressed ; tibise much compressed, concave on both
surfaces, the apical spiirs to all the tibiae short and acuminate ; tarsi
short, thick, three-sided, each joint with a somewhat deep impression
on its two outer sides, the third or under-side of the basal four joints
(basal three to posterior tarsi) spongy ; the first to penultimate joints
decreasing in size, the claw-joint when seen from above appears con-
tracted at the base, when seen sideAvays is slightly acuminate and
obliquely truncate at the apex ; claAvs short, fissile nearly to the base,
the under and upper divisions of equal length.

MELOETTPHLrS FUSCATITS, sp. U.

Fusco-testaceus, nifidus, ore, anfennis, peclihtsqve fuscis, cnpite
maqno, cotivexo,in medio canaliculato, si(h1iliter p)t(7ietidafo, fronte trans-
versim imjjresso. Octilis nullis. Thornce capitefere dtiplo angustiori,
transversa, fere IcBvi. ScuteUo fitsco-nigro, siihtillter pnnctulato. Ely-
tris sat brevihus, convexis, singulis iiitrorsiim et ad apicem leviter rotun-
datis ; supra suhtiliter et irregulariter punctulatis, singulis lined ohsolefa
a hasi fere ad apicem notatis. Pedibus fuscis, subtilissime pubescent ibus
et punctulatis, tibiarum tarsorumque foveis Icevibus.

Long. 7 lin. (sine abdomine Q\ lin.) : capitis lat. 3^ lin.

Habitat : Pebas, E. Peru. In coll. E. W. Janson.

British Museum :

31ay 22nd, 1872.

* One of the antenna? has the apical joint apparently deformed, this joint being transverse
and rounded at the apex.— C. O, W.

1S72 ] 33

Notes on the Coleoptera of Slapton, irUli (Jesrriplion of a new upecies of Seopaus.
— Haring recently been deluded by !i sudden outburst of fine weather into visiting
>Sl:i]iton, a few notes on the very moderate amount of success which we obtained
during our fivi^ days' sojourn at the Sands Hotel may not be altogether uninterest-
ing ; and I have compiled them with the greater pleasure, inasmuch as the locality
(liowever haunted by fishermen) is but little known to Colcopterists, and it is now
exactly twenty years since I first made its acquaintance, — giving the result of my
then experience in the September number of the ' Zoologist ' for 1852. AUhough
I have on several occasions since that period re-visited Slapton, I must confess tliat
tlie low estimate which I originally formed (and placed upon record) of its produc-
tiveness has not been materially altered. Each time a few additional species have
undoubtedly presented themselves, which could not but tend to raise its character as
a collecting-station for the entomologist ; but, still, the list which it has gradually
supplied seems to me to fall very far short of what (to say the least) its exceedingly
promising appearance and remote southern position would have led one to anticipate.

Our late expedition was perhaps more successful than any of my previous ones ;
and yet, in reality, the reverse ought to have been the case, — for not only was the
time of our arrival there (May 2nd) full early for a region thus exceptionally bleak
and exposed, but (alas !) the weather, which appeared so full of hope on oiir depar-
ture from Teignmouth, commenced to change by the time that we had reached the
Ley, and became worse each day that we were there ; so that it was next to
impossible to do anything, and we were fairly driven home again at last by the
inhospitality of the elements. It was on this account that I failed almost to look
for the main species for which we went, — namely, the little Hydroporus minutissimus,
which was detected there by my wife three years ago {vide Ent. Mon. Mag., vi,
p. 57), and which we afterwards met with in considerable niunbers ; for the
waters of the lake were so cold and turbulent (having been lashed into a thick fringe
of white froth, along its edges, by a bitter ?f .W. wind) that there seemed literally no
place for a sun-loving diver, whose proper habitat is among the warm shingle of the
calm, shallow pools, which have been shaped-out by the inequalities of the shore.
Yet, in spite of this, I just managed to ascertain, though with some amount of real
difficulty, that it still tenants its old haunts, by captui-ing two individuals.

It would be waste of time to enumerate in extenso the common species of the
district : suffice it to remark that they would for the most part arrange themselves
under three tolerably distinct heads, — namely, those found in the water (which I
have reason to think are not numerous), those peculiar to the shingle (decidedly the
most characteristic members of the fauna), and those from the swampy lands and
edges of the lake {removed from the long, shingly side, or barrier, which separates
the latter from the sea), where mud (emphatically so called) and marsh-plants may
be said to constitute the prevailing featiu'c.

(1). Of the Hydradephac/a (and, still less, of the rhilhydrida) I will not now
speak, the species which I have ever been able to obtain being, with tlie exception of
Hydroporus minutissimus, of the very commonest description. Indeed, the two
which appear more particularly to abound, are the universal Noierus semipunctalus
and a Laccophilas ; whilst even such plebian insects as the Hyphydrus ferruyineus,
the Hydroporus incequalis, depressus, and palustris, and the Ilybius fuliyinosus,
although occurring, are not by any means the pests that one might, from analogy,
have been led to suppose.

(2). Tlio sliiiigle-collcethig is more interesting, — the long, gently sloping banks
of sea gi'avel which fringe the outer margin of the lake (parallel to the beach), for a
distance of at least three miles, at all times repaying a careful investigation. It is
tliere that the small and fragile Somalota longula congregates at the water's edge ;
though it runs with such amazing rapidity, and is so liable to be puffed off (when
captured) by every breath of wind, that it is more easily seen than secured. And in
spots only one degree less wet, that nimble little Elaterid the Cri/ptohypnus der-
mestoi.des (particularly the " var. tetrayraphus "), forms quite a lively feature in
nearly every handfid of stones. Darting quickly also about this long shingly slope,
or freshwater shore, the elegant Lionychus qiiadrillum is often extremely abundant,
but we were rather too early for it during our late trip ; and should a dead bird, or
a fish, be found lying in this precise locality, tliere, almost for certain, the handsome
Dennestes tmdulatus will be found to be keeping high festival in sui-prising numbei-s.
Adhei'ing to the under-sides of the larger and drier stones, further removed from the
Ley, and nearer to the road which leads to Torcross, we obtained, by much labour, a
tolerable series of the rare Si/dmcBnus pusillus (16 of which were males, and 34 females) ,
accompanied by the Coriicaria creiiiilaf a and a few examples of a Cepkennium, ^\hic\\
I at first thought mvist be altogether new, but which I now believe (in conjunction
with Mr. Rye) represents only a rather small and reddish state of the C. thoracicum.
Here, on a former occasion, I have taken Carcinops minimus and Apion conjlnens ;
and here I likewise met with a single specimen of the Lithocharis ripicola of Kraatz,
but we totally failed to obtain it again. And the same might be said of the Harpalus
tenehrosns, — though its companion and near ally, the universal S. attenuaiiis, was
quite as abundant this spring as is usually the case. However, by far the most im-
portant of our captures in this exact shingly spot remains yet to be noticed, and
consists of a very narrow and minute Scopceus which we found, very sparingly,
clinging, like the Scydmcemis, Cephennium, and Corticaria, to the under-sides of the
drier stones. While visiting Slapton three years ago, I met with four individuals of
this Scopceus ; but, having no leisure on our return home to examine my captures
critically, and as they were evidently not the common S. minutus (sulcicoUis, St.), 1
put them aside as probably referable to S. Erichsoni, the only other recorded British
species of the genus ; and it was not until we had sectired five more, during our
recent campaign, that I determined on looking at them with greater care, and com-
paring them with, types of the latter. The first inspection showed at once that they
were totally distinct ; and as they certainly do not quadrate with any species to the
description of which I have access, and since it is equally the opinion of Mr. Eye
that they may represent, in all probability, an undefined member of the genus, I have
compiled the following short diagnosis, — proposing for the species the title of Syei.

Scop^irs Etei, n. sp.

S. angustissiinus, linearis, subdepressus, suhopacus, pallide rufo-hruwAeus (ahdo-
mine vix ohscuriore), antennis, palpis pcdihusque infuscate testaceis, subtilissime
densissimeque punctulatus, et piibe minutd cinered crebre vestitus ; prothorace oblongo,
tenuissime vix canaliculato ; elytris prothorace vix longioribus ; pedibus subgracilibus
ac fprcEsertim tarsisj breviusculis. Long. corp. lin, vix. 1^.

Habitat sub lapidibus in aridis juxta marc ; ad Slapton in, agro Devoniensi
maritinio, Maio incunte A. D. 18G9 et 1872, parce lectus.

i,s:2.j 35

Readily known from the S. miiiutas not only by its smaller size and still nar-
rower outline, but likewise by its paler, or more reddish-brown, hue, and its moi'e
opaque surface, — which is more closely and finely punctulated, and more densely
clothed with a delicate cinereous pubescence. Its abdominal segments also arc less
divided inter se than is the case with those of S. minutus, and its legs arc thinner
and less developed, — the feet especially being somewhat shorter.

(3). I will now consider the third category to which I have called attention, —
namely, the species which inhabit the adjoining swampy lands, and the muddy edges
of the lake which are in the opposite direction from the sea (and which have a more
decidedly marshy character, not being composed of tliat thick bed of sloping shingle
which gives so unmistakeable a feature to the long narrow ridge which separates the
latter, on its south-eastern side, from the beach). Here sedge and bullrushes reign
siipreme, and various marsh plants grow in rank luxm-iance. Yet, despite the multi-
tudes of Coleoptera which tenant the decaying detritus, and which are chiefly to be
obtained by trcading-out the mud beneath, the species for the most part are of a
very ordinary description. Those which at once attract the eye, as more particidarly
conspicuous, are the common Elaplirus ciipreus, Blethisa inuUipiinctata, CMcenius
vestitus, and Anchomenus marginatus ; and less abundantly the A. viduus (with its
y&Yietj mcestus), 2inA the A. piceus. In far greater profusion, however, than any of
these, are the Bembidimn assimile and various ordinary Bracheli/tra, — such as the
Philonthtis micans iindi qidsqtdliarius {along with, its " ysxy. rubidus "), the P. nigri-
tulus, and the Stenus Juno, cicindeloides, plantaris, and canalicidatus. More spar-
ingly, three brightly-coloured Pcederi are very showy, — namely, the Uttoralis, ripariiis,
and fascipes ; and it is remarkable that the last of them, which Mr. Rye informs me
is usually looked upon as scarce, appears (though not exactly abundant) to be the
commonest of them at Slapton. The Tacliyusa atra and Homalota graminicola,
with the " var. pseudo-ccendea " of the labills, the Xantholinus longicentris, Lath-
rohium quadraium, and the Philonthus laminatus, though pretty general, are some-
what less obtrusive ; and beneath the occasional heaps of rotten sedge the little
Atomaria mesomelas and Bryaxis sanguinea may be seen oftentimes in swarms.
I may remark that only one $ of the latter was observed amongst countless females.
But what I regard as our best capture in this particular spot is the rare Philonthus
ptmctus, of which we obtained a fine series by treading the mud on the northern (or
perhaps, more strictly, the north-eastern) side of the Ley. During a former visit to
Slapton, I met with a single example only of this well-marked species, and it was
not until now that we succeeded in tracking it to its precise quai-ters.

I will not occupy space, however, by adding more, but will merely observe that
the various marsh plants behind, and adjoining, the Ley, harbour most of the ordi-
nary Coleoptera of such localities, — as, for instance, the Telmatophilus caricis, the
Phgtobius notula and leucogaster, and the Ceuthorhgnchus melanostictus. In an old
tree, scai'cely removed from the hinder margin of the lake, I observed, amongst the
ravages of Sgnodendron cylindricum and Phlceophagus mieopiceus, the dead remains
of Mesites Tardil, — an insect which is widely spread over, and eminently character-
istic of, the south-western districts of England and Ireland (in the former of which
it was first detected by myself, at Mount Edgecumbe, during May, 1844 : vide
'Zoologist,' ii, p. 702), but which has been met with likewise, more recently, in
other parts of the country. — T. V. Wollaston, Teignmouth : June 8th, 1872.

iVb/e.v oa British Coleoptera, Inchidlng three sjjecies new to our list. —

iLiBirs ^NESCExs, Tlioms., Opusc. Ent., 125. — According to Dr. Kraatz (Berlin,
ent. Zeitschr., xt, p. 166), there is an English example of this species in the late Dr.
Schaum's collection. It is closely allied to /. angustior, but is usually somewhat
smaller, with less metallic reflections, and has its antennse uniformly ferruginous,
instead of pitchy at the apex. I. gutiiger is distinguished from it by being decidedly
larger and blacker, with more erident rows of punctures on the elytra. All my sup-
posed aiigustior are to be referred to (xnescens.

IlYDRorours eloxgatultjs, Sturm. — My friend, Mr. T. J. Bold, in the ' Xatural
History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham,' vol. iv (1872), p. 376, de-
murs to my statement in Ent. Ann., 1872, p. 138, that this species, introduced by
him (Ent. Mo. Mag., iv, p. 283), was " erroneously identified ; " remarking that I
had not seen his specimen, nor had any description of it. Passing over the latter
Siix words, as irreconcilcable with the concise and accurate account of the insect given
by Mr. Bold himself (J. c), I wish most emphatically to apologise to him for my
wrong doing, and for which, the result of a misconception on my part, my sole excuse
is that n. elongatulus was omitted by Dr. Sharp (who was, according to my belief,
in communication with Mr. Bold) from his recent Catalogue.

ilr. Bold, however, informs me that Dr. Sharp did not see this specimen until
after the appearance of the ' Annual ' above mentioned, and that, in the opinion of
the latter, the insect is "half-way between tristis and eloiigatidus, and it would not
be safe to introduce the species on that specimen alone."

HoMALOTA HEPATICA, Er. — A note on the occurrence during the past spring of
various single specimens of this hitherto rare British species may not be altogether
uninteresting. Mr. E. A. Waterhouse (whom the insect would appear to follow,
judging from former records by him in this Magazine) , has recently twice caught indi-
viduals near Hampstead, in the public road, on the wing, and has swept up another
from grass under a tree in the same locality. Mr. Waterhouse has also taken another
example at Darentli, by sweeping blue-bells (this being the method by which he formerly
captured other specimens at Ripon). Mr. Champion has taken four sporadic exam-
ples at Caterham, Shirley (in moss), and Chatham ; I observed amongst some other
Brachelytra an enormous specimen of it, taken fortuitously by the Rev. T. Blackburn
near Grreenliithe ; and I have myself just "fluked" a fine ^ , when beating willows
for Erirhinus on Wimbledon Common. I have taken the species formerly by sifting
dead leaves at Coombe Wood, and some of Mr. E. A. Waterhouse's former captures
were made in birds'-nests in London : but the true habitat of the species seems yet
to be found. Mr. E. W. Janson used, I believe, occasionally to find it crawling on
fences near Highgate.

OcTPUS MOEIO, Auct. — The few British specimens (some 12 in number) which
I happen to have retained as representing this common species in my cabinet seem
divisible into two different races, of which, the larger has proportionably longer
antennse and tarsi (the latter members being also lighter in colour), a wider head,
and the thorax slightly narrowed behind. This appears to be the type of all authors.
A vague latitude as to width of head and other trifling characters (not, however, as
to those above mentioned) is allowed by the standard writers on Brachehjtra ; —

1S7--M * 37

none of whom, however, appear to have reeogiiised the union of so many divergencies
from the type iu a smaller race, though they admit a great variation in size by the
measurements given. My smaller individuals, in which the tarsi are shorter and
dark, the joints of the antenna; evidently shorter in proportion (the whole antenna
in some instances being very much abbreviated), the head is longer and not so wide
(not a $ character, as I have ^ showing this peculiarity), with a more evident smooth
medial longitudinal linear space, and the thorax is quite parallel-sided, appear in
some respects to come very close to 0. luganensis, Heer, dubiously considered as
distinct from morio by its author ; but Heer states the punctuation of the head of
this insect to be more delicate, and the thorax to have no medial longitudinal line,
characters uot appearing in my smaller race, of which, moreover, the Swiss author
omits the other and more important differences. Luganensis is now referred to
0. cerdo, Er., with which these smaller morio do not accord. In any of the smaller
Brachelytra, it seems to me that such discrepancies as those above mentioned would,
if constant, stand a very good chance of being accepted as of specific value. I make
the above remarks with the idea of directing attention to the subject, so as to dis-
cover if other Coleopterists find these differences in their specimens.

Meligethes markubii, Ch. Brisout. — Of this species, hitherto unique as British
in Mr. Gr. R. Crotch's collection, I was so fortimate at the end of last month as to
capture a single example, by casual sweeping, within a hundred yards of my owu
door. Further and diligent searchings for more have as yet been unsuccessful ; per-
haps because I fail to find any Marrubium vulgare. Sweeping the allied Laniium
album, in blossom, has produced many iltf. diffi-cilis, memnonius, and Jlavipes, — species
neyer before observed by me so near London, probably from insufficient attention to
their food-plant.

At the risk of being accused of undue repetition, but iu the hope of causing
other examples to be taken, I may observe that 31. marrubii is most nearly allied to
the somewhat rare M. serripes, but is more strongly and less closely punctm'cd, the
punctures being oblong, with a longer thorax, which is not nearly so strongly bi-
sinuate at the base, and with the anterior tibiae not evenly and rather finely serrate
externally, but exhibiting two large and sharp teeth near the base, then two or three
smaller, then a large tooth, and finally another small one at the apex.

Meli&ethes corvixus, Er. — I am glad to be able to fully corroborate this
species as British. M. Brisout has returned me an example (belonging to Dr.
Power) as certainly referable to it, and Mr. Champion has recently taken three
specimens of it by sweeping at Catcrham, and for one of which I am much indebted
to him.

Phalackus Humbektii, Touniier. — M. Kenri Tournier, of Geneva, who is
engaged upon a monograph of Olibrus and Phalacrus, has already recognised as a
good species under the above name the insect referred to in my recent description of
P. Brisoitti as a very smaU form of P. corruscus, and which appears to differ from
the latter, apart from its size, in the stronger piuu'tnation of its elytra and (lie club
of its antenna.

I have communicated my .specimen to IM. Touniier, witli my type of i'. Brisou.ti,
which he confirms as a good anel distinct sp.xves.

88 '-^"'y-

Olibktjs pakticeps, Mulsant, Opusc. Eiit. 61, 127. — M. Touniier refers to
this species an English insect communicated to him by me, and which was given
to me by Dr. Power as 0. ajjinis ; the latter is unknown to me as British, and
would appear, in spite of the constant references to it as a common species on the
continent, to be not abundant anywhere, as M. Touruier only possesses a very small
number of it.

Olibkits bicolor. Fab. — This species, rejected by me from the Catalogue an-
nexed to my ' British Beetles,' is again in our lists. As far as my own knowledge
goes, I may obserye that lai'ge and brightly-colored specimens, representing the
hicolor var. Jlavicornis of Mr. Waterhouse's Catalogue, as well as much smaller
and darker individuals, are (as anticipated) retm*ned to me by M. Tournier as
O. Jiquidus, Er.

CRYPTOPHAatrs ETTFicoBNis, Steph. — Among some beetles sent to me for
examination by that hard-working and successful collector, Mr. J. Bay Hardy, of
Manchester (shortly before his starting on an entomological expedition to California,
where he now is), were a few examples of the very rare Cri/ptophagns ruficornis,
taken by him last year out of fungus {PoJyporus) on dead birch trees, at Chat Moss.
As Dr. Sharp has well observed to me, this species should be placed in the same
section of its genus as pilosus, instead of being associated with dentatus, where it
now stands in our Catalogues.

As it is apparently not known to continental entomologists, it may not be
altogether iiseless if I were, from the material at my disposal, to give a brief diagnosis
of it here ; although, if only from its striking peculiarity of coloiu", Stephens' descrip-
tion seems sufficient for its recognition.

l_S'ectio '* Das Halsschild mit Schwiclenhockern,' Erichson.]

Cryptophagus ruficornis : elongatus, suhcylindricus, sat profunde minus dense
punctatus, rufo-piceus, elytris (prceter humeros maculamque apicalem in-
determinatam dilidiores) nigro-piceis, antennis pedibusgue rufo-ferrugineis ;
puhe fulvescenti sub-erectd sparsim vestitus ; capite minore, antennarum
clavd, ut in 0. setuloso, abruptius majore ; prothorace sub-quadrato-trans-
verso, basin versus vix angustaio, lateribus hidentatis, dente anteriore pro-
minulo posterius acuto, posteriore ohhisiusculo ad ^nedium sito, margine
laterali incrassato, evidenter crenulato ; elytris sat regulariter punctata-
striatis. Long. corp. 1 — ]| lin. (Anglic),

Stephens, lU. Mand., iii, p. 78 ; id., Manual, p. 137.

This insect is about the size and build of average specimens of C. dentatus,
from which it is at once removed by its thorax possessing four irregularly smooth
disco-lateral callosities and an evident (though very delicate) carina in the middle
of its transverse basal depression. These sectional characters, however, appear to
me to be but various degrees of development of a structure belonging to the whole
genus, and not to be trustworthy. But its-color (suggestive, perhaps, of a mixture
of that of C. serratus and C. scaiiicux), and its deep punctuation, which on the elytra
is about of the same degree as that of the former of those sjiecies, but rather more
disposed in stria?, which arc more closely packed, readily distinguish it from all of its
genus known lo me. The anterior dcnlicle of its thorax is a tridc more projectiim

1872 ] 39

and more acute behind than in C. pllostis, but the posterior denticle is broader and
not so sharp, and the lateral margins more evidently crenulated that in that species :
in general outline, this segment perhaps more resembles the thorax of C. umbratus.

Of species not as yet recorded as British, C. dorsalis, Sahib., of which a color
Tariety might possibly be supposed to resemble C. ruficornis, is readily distinguish-
able by its smaller size, finer and closer punctuation, more depressed build, sharper
thoracic posterior denticle, &c. ; and its ally, C. nlger, Bris., though more nearly
resembling C. ruficornis by being darker in color, with a stronger antennal club, and
with its thorax straighter at the sides, seems abundantly distinct through its close
and delicate punctuation, slight and obtuse anterior thoracic denticle, &c.

Baudi (Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., xiv, p. 56) has recorded a black yar. of C. pilosus
from Piedmont.

Aphodius NiaER, Panz. — Baron Yon Harold (Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., xt, p. 266),
noticing the universal confusion between the black forms of A. jplagiatus and this
species, which is much rarer than is supposed, only five specimens of it having come
to his possession, remarks that it may be known by the basal joint of its posterior
tarsi being longer than the upper apical spine (these are, when evenly flattened, of
the same length in plagiatus), its metasternum being smooth in both sexes, and its
invariably non-metallic color.

I think it probable that the insects on which this species has been recorded as
British, and declared to be " abundant at Deal," are only immaculate and non-
metallic forms of plagiatus ; but I have never yet seen a supposed British exponent
of A. niger.

ZErGOPHORA EUFOTESTACEA. — The insect recently described in Berlin, ent.
Zeitschr., xv, p. 162, under this name by Dr. Kraatz seems without doubt to be our
well-known Scotch Z. Turneri, described by Dr. Power in the ' Zoologist ' for 1863
(p. 8735), and subsequently more fully by myself in the ' Entomologist's Annual '
for 1864, p. 70, on the frontispiece of which it is figiired (f. 8). Tliis has erroneously
been considered a var. of Z. scuteUaris. — E. C. E.YE, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney,
S.W. : June, 1872.

Note on the food-plant of Magdalinus carhonarius. — When in Braemar last
year, I discovered what I had been unable previously to ascertain, viz., that 31.
carbonarius in the larval state feeds upon the common birch. I found a decayed
branch of this tree, about an inch and a-lialf in diameter, in which there were three
mines close together. At the termination of each of these was the beetle — dead.
The course of the larva had been between the bark and the wood, the latter of which
was very irregularly, and rather deeply, engraved. — Robt. Hislop, Blair Bank, Fal-
kirk : Mag, 1872. *

Natural History of Anchocelis litura. — I owe my acquaintance with this species,
as wey. as several others, to the great kindness of Mr. George Norman, of Forres,
who sent me a batch of eggs on October 2nd, 1869 ; they were mostly laid thickly
together in a flattish mass on a piece of paper, though there were some few loose and
separate from eacli other : they began to hatch with Mr. Hellins at Exefcr on the
5th of April, 1870 ; by the 22rd, the larva? were ^-iiich long ; by May 15th they had

40 f"^"^^'

attained twice that length, and about the end of the month they, hke mine, all went
to earth : the moths appeared September 2nd — 11th. "With me, however, the eggs
did not hatch before the 11th of April, 1870.

The shape of the egg is circular, but flattened, and greatly depressed in the
centre, slightly ribbed and reticulated, having withal a shrivelled, empty appearance,
as though its contents had been squeezed or dried out of it : the colour at first is
pale yellow, soon after turning to a slightly pinkish leaden hue, and the shell is very
glistening, in fact, the flat mass of eggs seemed smeared over with a coating of trans-
parent varnish or gum, which I fancy would in nature attach them to some cover on
the upper as well as the lower surface ; I think they would be laid in cracks, or
under loose bits of bark ; as the time of hatching approached the colour seemed but
Tery little heightened, and when the young larvae had emerged from them, the
empty shells looked brilliantly crystalline.

The newly-hatched larvae were pinkish-grey in colour, with the dorsal vessel ap-
pearing as a dark grey, leaden stripe, the pale brown head large in proportion ;
within a fortnight they became of a dull flesh colour, after the second moult they
were pale greyish-green, and soon turned darker, then showing the usual lines pale
and distinct, their length being now three-eighths of an inch, and their figure pro-
portionately stout ; by the 6th of May they were five-eighths of an inch long, of a
yellowish-green colour, the lines rather paler green, the tubercular dots exceedingly,
small and blackish ; by the loth, they were three-quarters of an inch long, of a pale
yellow-green, the lines all present but unobtrusive ; up to this time they had fed
almost entirely on the common garden montlily rose, which they preferred from the
first to all other food given them in great variety from time to time ; but at this
period they were tried with bramble, and, after tasting it, they no longer cared for
rose, and thenceforward fed up chiefly on brambles of different species.

The full-grown larva was one inch and a half in length, moderately stout, cylin-
drical, and unifoiTn in bidk, with tolerably well defined segmental divisions ; the
coloiu" on the back and sides, as far as the spiracles, green, somewhat inclining to
olive, and freckled with a little darker green, and, on this fi-eckled surface, the dorsal
and sub-dorsal lines could be distinctly traced, a little paler than the ground, but
edged with interrupted, freckly, almost blackish, lines, which, in some instances, es-
pecially with the dorsal line, seemed almost to obscure the pale line they enclosed :
the tubercular dots were also paler than the ground, and very finely ringed with
darker green ; the boundary of this green colouring along the side was completed by
a black line, interrupted only where the spiracles (white, outlined with black) were
placed upon it ; immediately beneath the spiracles the contrast of whitish-yellow
deepened a little by degrees into a pale yellowish- gi-een, which was the colour of the
belly and legs, these last were tipped with brownish : the head was brownish-green,
freckled with darker ; the second segment was not very different in texture from the
rest of the body, it was in most examples edged in front with very dark brown, and
the pale lines that appeared on it were without any dark edging : the whole brood
presented scarcely the least variety, either in colom-ing or detail, but were as constant
as possible in their uniformity.

Some of the larvae, which were kept in a flower-pot with sand for soil, formed
very neat, compact cocoons of silk, covei'cd thinly but uniformly with the sand,
rather more than five-eighths of an inch long, and about five-sixteenths broad ; pro-
bably, in a coarser soil, they would have been less regular in outline.

1872.1 41

The pupa was rather short and stout, smooth and cylmdrical, ending in a short
pair of blunt spikes, diverging from each other ; the colour a deep reddish-brown. —
Wm. Buckler, Emsworth : Jime, 1872.

Description of the larva of Brephos notha.- — I had no opportunity of becoming
acquainted with this species till 1869, when Mr. W. H. Harwood kindly sent me
several yoimg larvae ; these fed well, but as I did not know how to provide for their
pupation, my hopes of seeing the imago in 1870 were sadly blighted. However, in
that year Mr. W. R. Jeffrey sent me two larvae from Saffron Walden, and, as I
managed to accommodate them more suitably than my former stock, I succeeded in
rearing two fine moths.

As the insects appear early in April, the eggs must be laid some time during
that month ; the larvse feed on Aspen (Populiis tremulnj, spinning the leaves to-
gether flat-wise for concealment ; those I had in 1869, on June 2nd, were still small,
barely half-an-inch in length, but they grew fast after this, and retired to change by
the 29th. The dates I have for the appearance of the imago are April 8th and 9tb,
1870 (both cripples), and April 4th and 7th, 1871.

The larva, up to half-an-inch in length, is very dingy, nearly black, but bearing
some exceedingly fine, pale drab longitudinal lines ; after moulting, and when about
three-quarters of an inch in length, it becomes less like a Noctua in form than it was
before, and more like a Geometer, both in form and manner of progression ; its coloiu*
now is of a delicate green, inclining in some instances to glaucous, the longitu-
dinal lines become whitish-yellow ; the head and second segment spotted with black ;
the segmental folds whitish -yellow. The growth now is rapid, and, in some indivi-
duals, black spots appear on the sides, in a day or two developing into stripes ; but
in others, no more spots appear than those on the head and the second segment.

The larva, when full-grown, is about one inch in length, not very stout, cylindri-
cal, and diminishes so very slightly towards the extremities, that it appears of uiiiform
biilk throughout : the head "is full and rounded : the two front pairs of ventral legs
are much less developed than the next two pairs, and the liindmost pair are splayed
laterally : beneath the anal flap is a small point, with a tubercle on each side of it ;
the segments are plumj) and well defined : the mode of progression is an undulating,
half-looping, quick walk, changed to what may be called a run when the larva is ex-
posed to light.

The ground colour is now of a pale subdued tint of green, or else a briglit vel-
vety yellowish-green, the dorsal vessel rather a deeper tint of the same, edged with
fine lines of pale greenish-vellow, the sub-dorsal fine line is yellow, and between it
and the spiracles runs another such fine line — the side being now more or less black
is, by this pale line, divided into two broad black stripes, which, in some specimens,
are complete, in others only partly so ; the spLraeles are white, outlined delicately witli
black, and beneath them is a broadish stripe of pale yellow or whitish-yellow ; the
belly and legs paler green than the back : in one individual a short, tapering, black
streak, issued at the end of each segment for half its length forwards as an edge to the
sub-dorsal line, but these streaks began on the twelfth and ceased at the fifth segment.

I The black marks on the head and second segment appear to be constant, and charac-
teristic of this species, they may be more minutely described as follows : a broad

42 LJ"i.y,

irregular blotch down the I'rout of each lobe, forked at the side, and a round spot on
the face between them, and two pairs (sometimes more) of black dots on the second
segment ; the pale lines of the back are absent from the second segment and from
the anal flap ; the anterior legs generally dotted with black. One of Mr. Jeffrey's
larvse furnished a good variety ; its colour was a dingy, rather olive-brown, with the
lines of a pale pinkish-grey, with only the usual black marks on the head, second
segment, and anterior legs.

My first set of larvae I furnished with earth and moss for pupation, with the
result of causing the death of all but two, which produced crippled insects ; the se-
cond set were supplied with pieces of bai'k, into which they coidd bore, and I now
understand that a dead stick, or piece of dry, decaying wood would have been better
still ; for the habit of the larva is to excavate in the solid bark or wood a smooth,
cylindrical chamber (reminding one much of the work of some of the carpenter
bees) just big enough — without the least waste of space — to accommodate the pupa
with the shrivelled larva skin behind ; the circular entrance to the chamber is
stopped with the gnawed raspings of the wood mixed with silk, but there is no
silken lining to the chamber itself ; the pupa lies with its head towards the entrance,
and, after the exit of the moth, the empty pupa-skin remains in the chamber.

The pupa is about half-au-inch long, cylindrical and uniform, except a rapid ta-
pering at the tail end, and tolerably smooth, except at the abdominal divisions, where
there are rings of minute points ; the abdomen terminates in a thick, blunt, some-
what flattened knob, furnished with two spikes, which, instead of projecting as usual
in the same line with the body (or knob), turn off at right angles on either side;
the colour a shining, dark red-brown. — Id.

Laroce of Euplthecia jji/i/nicbala. — I have much pleasm-e in announcing that I
have two larvie of Eupithecia pygmcieata feeding on flowers of Stellaria holostea, and
I hope that before long they will be sufliciently grown to have their description taken
by my friend Mr. Crewe.

Mr. Hodgkinson most kindly sent me a female moth, the only one he has cap-
tured this year, but unfortunately she died after laying but three eggs. Mr. Hodg-
kinson tells me he cannot find Stellaria Jiolostea growing in the locality for the
moths ; but Herr Carl Plotz, to whose books of beautiful drawings reference has
been made before in these pages, had figured the larva on that plant, and I found
my larvae take to it quite readily, as if it were their natural food ; I shovdd say they
eat a little of the petals of the flowers, but seem to prefer the anthers and pollen. —
J. Hellins, Exeter: lltli June, 1872.

Captures uf Lepidoptera near Aljerdeen in 1871. — In the following list, I shall
merely mention the scarcer species of Lepidoptera which fell to my lot last summer,
as a complete list of those hitherto found in this district will be given in the list of
Scottish Lepidoptera now appearing in the ' Scottish Naturalist.'

The localities in which I collected last summer are all in Aberdeenshire and the
north of Kincardineshire, and, excluding Braemar (which is 50 miles from Aberdeen),
none of them is over 20 miles from that town. The chief localities, besides Aberdeen
itself and the immediate neighbourhood, were Muchalls, on the coast a few miles
south, Banchory in the valley of the Dee, and Inverury (where I collected with Mr.
Tail), about 12 miles from the sea.

1S72.] il)

Of A. cardamuies one male occurivd at Inverury on April 24tli ; S. Semele
swarmed between Aberdeen and Muchalls, along with L. Ahus and L. Artaxerxes,
neither of which species, however, is here confined to the coast, though both are local.

Oi Sesia phUanthiformis 1 got several larvae near Aberdeen in April, and one
moth at Muchalls in July ; and this year (1872) I have again taken larvae of this
species. Hepialas sylvitius, a very local species here, also occurred at Muchalls, and
H. velleda was common and widely distributed.

Of the NotodontidcB I got larvaj of several species, P. lucephala being very
common : a young brood of this species occurred at Banchory, on birch, on Septem-
ber 12th. Larvae of D. fascelina, and of Demas coryli were not very scarce, the
latter species at Fyvie ; but Lithosia complanula, besides being the only representa-
tive of its family, was very scarce, one specimen occurring at Muchalls. N. planta-
ginis was not uncommon, and larvae of S. fuliginosa were abundant ; while of
Liparis auriflua one specimen was taken in Aberdeen in July, and is now in my
possession : it must, surely, have been accidentally introduced. P. lacertinaria
occurred at Banchory, but was rather scarce.

Among the Noctuce, more of my captures were made at light than in any other
way, some of them being pretty good species : T. hatls was scarce in September as
larvae at Banchory. Of Bryopliila perla a pair came to light, the first time the
species has been taken in the district.

Among the Acroni/cta;, my best captures were larvae of A. menyantJiedls, pretty
commonly on heather, willow, kc. ; and of A. onyricce. Of this latter species, I
found several cocoons on stones near Aberdeen, from which the insects afterwards
emerged. I also got the moths themselves at rest ; and, in September, I found
several larvae, which seemed to be those of A. myricve on Hosa canina, Ruhus fruii-
cosus (bramble), and Viola canina ; they have spun up, so I hope to be able to make
sure on the point. Nonagriafidva-^fis, scarce at Banchory and Fyvie, and Gortyna
flai'ayo came, once to light (September 16th). Hydrcecia nictitans was very common
on ragwort, on the sand-hills. Mamestra farva occurred at Inverury, but was
scarce, and so also was Apatnea unanimis ; Miana arcuosa pretty common. Several
specimens of Caradrina blanda came to light ; all the species mentioned as having
come to light were taken in Old Aberdeen.

The genus Ayrotis is pretty well represented in this quarter, 13 species at least
occurring here ; including A. valliyera, very abundant on the links on ragwort ;
A. cnrsoria, rather common, at light, in August ; what seems to be A. obelisca, rare,
at light ; A. pracox, scarce, at light ; A. pyrophila, scarce ; and A. lucernea, at
Muchalls, not uncommonly. Triphcena mhsequa occurred at Inverury, and also
some fine specimens of T. orbona (var. Curtisii) ; Tmniocampa nibricosa and T.
stabilis were both common. D. conspersa was scarce and local ; and of Da/sypolia
TempU one or two were taken at light, and also larvae in stems of Herat-lex m sphon-
dylium. Epunda lutulenta occurred at Inverury, but was scarce, E. nigra being far
more plentiful.

Of Hadenidae, the best taken were Aplecia tiiicta at Braemar, very abundant ;
Hadena glauca at Inverury ; H. chenopodii, scarce, at Inverury and near Aberdeen ;
and H. rectilinea at Braemar.

The Geometrte I shall mention very briefly, liaving already occupied so much

44 [July,

space on the preceding groups. Gnuphos ohscurala was common at Muclialls, to
which locality it seems to be confined ; Dasydia obfttacata, scarce, but extending
from Muclialls to Braemar ; Psodos trepidaria, very common on nearly all the hills
in Braemar, over 2000 feet ; Ephyra pendularia, in .Braemar ; Acidalia fumata,
very common in Braemar ; Larentia salicata, common in Braemar ; L. olhmta,
common ; Emmelesia ericetata, common in Braemar and near Aberdeen ; Eupithecia
pumilata, common, at Inverury ; Thera juniperata, larvse, in Braemar ; Coremia
munitata, common, occurred at 2600 feet, in Braemar ; Cidaria psifiacata, rather
scarce ; C. m lata, common ; C. pyraliata, rather scarce, at Muchalls, Aberdeen, &c. ;
Chesias ooliquaria, common on the links. Old Aberdeen ; Tanagra chcerophyllata,
local, and rather scarce, at Muchalls.

All those from Braemar were taken during the month of July, fi'om the 10th
to the 25th ; in addition to those mentioned in this list as from that locality, is
ZygcBna exulans, which has been already well discussed by Entomologists, and of
which I need say no more.

Many of the most interesting of our native Eepidoptet'a have been omitted by
me from this list, not having been taken by me last summer. Among the SphingidcB
alone there have been taken here, Smerinthus ocellatus (once) ; *S^. populi, A. Atropos,
S. coiivoliiuli (every year almost) ; D. galii (rare) ; C. Celerio (twice) ; C. Elpenor
(once) ; C. porcellus, Macroglossa stellatarum, M. hombyliformis, S. philanthifonnis,
and S. culiciformis, at Braemar. — James W. H. Teaill, King's College, Old Aber-
deen : 3Iay, 1872.

Sare Lepidopiera taken in the Isle of Man. — Judging from what I saw in my
friend Mr. C. S. Gregson's collection, the Isle of Man seems to produce an unusual
number of rare Lepidoptera. I will mention only the following : — a Clostera
different from any of our known species, Acontia solans, Cramhus alpinellus, Agrotis
spinifera (much finer and larger than the continental specimens), Leucania Loreyi,
Caradrina exigua, Micra parva, Abraxas pantaria, Heliothis armigera (5), Sterrha
sacraria (9), and Chaerocampa Celerio, bred from a larva he found there.

Mr. Grregson has a series of Incurvaria canariella, Stainton (Ent. Ann., 1872),
under the name of Incurvaria spinosella, a name they have borne in his cabinet for
many years ; he had the specimens from the late Mr. Hague of Staleybridge, who
took them in 1856. Mr. Grregson tells me he sent a specimen to Lewisham, under
the name of Incurvaria spinosella, in 1870. — J. B. HocaKiNSOX, 15, Spring Bank,
Preston : April 2Qth, 1872.

[Dr. Staudinger now suggests that the Incurvaria may be the Jlavifrontella of
Heinemann. Yon Heinemann thought he recognised in his Jlavifrontella, the Jlavi-
frontella of the Wiener Vei-zeichniss, published in 1776. — Eds.].

Note 0)1 Eidophasia Messing iella and Catoptria aspidiscana. — I went to look
for this species ten days ago, though I knew beforehand that I must be too late, and
instead of finding any, I got wet through. I believe it has rained here incessantly
for six months. I have been twice after Catoptria aspidiscana, but only took two
specimens in six days. I collected a good many larvae of Rhodophma marmorella,
but thev are vcrv bad to get, and very local. — Id.

i87;j.l -45

Note on the relations Ijetween colour and cdihUlty in larvce. — It has often been
said that birds do not feed upon larvic which are gaily coloured. A dozen years
since I planted a quantity of Hounds-tongue in the garden, and placed larva; of •
Callimorpha dominida upon it, and the species completely established itself here. 1
This spring there were hundreds of caterpillars ; but, about three weeks since, I J
noticed that their numbers were decreasing, and could not account for it. At last I ,
found that a pair of large tits {Parus major), which had a nest in a hole in a tree
just outside the garden, fetched them away to feed their young ones. Now this is
one of the brightest-coloured larva; that I know of. The larvie of the Zygcenw are
also gaily-coloured, and they are the favourite food of Cuckoos. — H. Doubleday,
Epping : iOth May, 1872.

Practical hint for Lepidopterists.—Th&t popidar writer, Mr. Edmund Yates, in
a tale called " The Yellow Flag " now being published in " All the Year Round "
(8th Jime), enunciates a statement to the effect that one of his characters " woidd
" have found the winter evenings dull, had it not been for the excitement ol perpetu-
" ally re-arranging his large collection of moths and butterflies, renewing their corks
" and pins," &c. The italics are ours. — Eds.

On a fungoid epidemic among Xanthochlorus (tenellus, Wied. ?). — On the 13th
August, 1871, I happened to examine closely some oak bushes at Shirley, when I
was struck by the vast number of minute dead Diptera, all belonging to one species,
which were affixed in the posture of life to the under-side of the leaves. At first I
gave but little attention to the matter, being engaged in researches of another kind ;
but, when branch after branch on being turned up revealed the same ghostly assem-
blage, it struck me that I had come across the trail of a disease, like the one which
Empjisa muscce causes among domestic flies. Further examination proved this
surmise to be weU founded. The area infected comprised a triangular rising piece
of ground about an acre in extent, covered with a rank and mixed undergrowth,
principally oak, interspersed with scattered timber trees of different sorts. A dense
fir-wood formed the high back ground, while two roads, backed by steep banks, high
palings, and a row of oaks, shut in the remaining two sides of the triangle, and
were joined in one deep gully below.

A deserted half-overgrown gravel-pit, with large pools of rain water, occupied
the comer nearest the junctions of the roads, just below the infected area. At the
junction of the two roads below the gravel-pit, a considerable number of felled oaks
were piled up. The spots where they had been felled were still marked by the
discs of their roots, filled with the decaying chips, macei-ating in rain water. The
weather at the time was warm and showery. Aspect due South. The prevailing
local direction of the current of air, near the surface of the ground, was up the guUy,
across the gravel-pit, and over the infected area. I tested this repeatedly by setting
free some spiders' webs. Having made tliis preliminary survey, I descended into
the gully, and examined the oaks and all surroundings, but could not find a single
one of the flies either dead or alive. The interior of the gravel-pit and the palings
had their turn next, with a negative result, as not a fly was to be seen. I then
examined the lateral borders of the pit nearest the roads, and here, on the under-side

46 tJuiy,

of the ibliage of the oak-bushes, a few of the " duuimy " tlies turned up, all in life-like
attitudes. I tried hard to find specimens on other trees or low plants, but failed in
obtaining any. Skirting the upper-side of the pit, I found the dead flies in greater
luuubers, till at last I encountered the " gros de rarmee " on the spot where I
had started from, in a place which it appeared to me the.se Diptera coidd not well
have reached in such nixmbers, owing to the density of the surrounding bushes,
except by crossing the pit on the wing. Here their life-like remains were seen by
hundreds. Turning my back upon this upper end of the pit, I worked my way
through the dense undergrowth towards the fir-wood, watching the foliage as I went
along. But gradually the number of flies grew less, and at last, while still at a good
distance from the foremost row of pines, I found the bushes quite free of the bodies.
Clearly, therefore, the centre of the disease was near the border of the pit, a fact
of which I took good care to make sure by repeatedly starting off at different angles
from the spot where the flies were most numerous. Of live specimens I could
not find one, although I worked very hard for some houi's. The dead ones,
of which I secured a series, and wliicli have since been identified by my friend Mr.
Verrall, as belonging to the genus XanthocMorus (probably X. tenellus, Wied.),
presented a very characteristic appearance while fresh. Firmly attached by their
outstretched legs to the under-side of the oak leaves, with the beautifidly iridescent
wings spread out at right angles from the body, with porrected antennae and a fully
stuft'ed body and thorax, their outward appearance, in some instaiices, belied their
real state. But other specimens told the story only too plainly, their bodies being
surrounded by a silk -like, silvery halo of spores, while their thorax and abdomen
were closely fastened to the leaf by a felt-Uke, white fungoid mass ; a few specimens
were even covered with a close, white silvery shroud, rendering all parts of the body
indistinct, except the wings and legs. Several bodies which I examined were stuffed
with a white mass, undoubtedly the mycelium of the Emptisa.

So far I have stated what are facts, and I must leave it to more competent
minds to read them aright ; but, taking all circumstances into consideration, I cannot
help thinking that the vicinity of the rain water pools in the gravel-pit must have
had something to do with the outbreak of this disease just on the borders of the pit :
but why this congregation of dead just on the upper border? had the prevailing
current of air anything to do with this ? One other point must not be overlooked —
the flies were only on the oak, but why ? ; am I to suppose that they are attached to
that tree exclusively ; if not, why was no other foliage or object selected to settle
and die upon ? These are only a few of the questions arising ovit of the observation
before us, and concerning which I feel tempted to ask : " Quien sabe?"- — -Albert
MuLLEE, South Norwood, S.E. : May, 1872.

Extraordinary circumstance regarding a dipterous insect. — On the last day of
May, when I was collecting in one of our woods, I saw an extraordinary apparition
flying through the air. I caught it, and found it to consist of two males and one
female of a species of Molobriis simidtaneously connected. Has any one ever before
noticed a similar instance ? — C. W. Dale, Glanville's Wootton : bth June, 1872.

[We do not at this moment remember to have seen records of this anomaly con-
corning tlie Dipfera, hut it liiis several times been noticed in otlicr orders. — Eds. J.

Fourth A>nual Reppet on the Noxious, Beneficial, and othee insects
OF THE State of Missouri. By Charles V. Eiley, State Entomologist.
Jefferson City, Mo. 1872. p. 145.

It speaks Tolumos for the far-sightedness of our Transatlantic cousins that
thej are fullv alive to the necessity of having thoroughly sound and scientific infor-
mation on subjects connected with economic entomology ; and the State of Missouri
will, at any rate, never have cause to regret having, as its first entomological officer,
a gentleman of such ability as Mr. Riley, whom we had the pleasure of seeing in
England last summer. This fourth report is fully equal, if not superior, to the
. preceding ones, and we cannot but think that English horticultm-ists, farmers, &c.,
would do well to study the series ; they could not fail to acquire much valuable in-
formation thereby, for some of the species treated upon, e.g., Carj)ocapsa pomonella,
are well-known English pests. Europe has been blamed by Americans for the intro-
duction into their Continent of several noxious insects, of which the cabbage-
butterfly and gooseberry saw-fly may be cited as recent examples. On the other
hand, the terrible vine-aphis (Phylloxera vastatrix), now proved to have been im-
ported from the United States, threatens tlie ruin of the vineyards of Eiu'ope. The
European notion, when anything of this kind occurs, is to form a Commission of
enquiry on the subject ; in America, it is considered safer to have a regular official,
whose duty it is to examine into the evil when the first indications show themselves,
rather than wait until it is thoroughly developed.

Transactions of the Noefolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society,
1871—72.

We have again the pleasure of noticing the records of the work done by this
energetic local society. " Possibly there is less entomological matter than usual, but
all branches of Natural History are represented. Mr. Barrett publishes liis further
observations on coast insects found inland, and the President (Mr. Henry Steven-
sou, F.L.S.) in noticing the wholesale destruction of birds' eggs by dealers, casually
alludes to the fact that Papilio Mc haon has been all but exterminated by the same
ruthless individuals.

The British Species of Ceambus. By F. Buchanan White, M.D.

This pamphlet, the contents of which were originally pubhshed in the pages of
the ' Scottish Natui'alist,' will be foimd extremely useful for the determination of the
species of the difficult genus Cramhus. llie descriptions are lucid, and the notes on
the distribution of each species in Britain, and on the continent, are very valuable,
as are also the indications of species which, though not hitherto recorded as Bi'itish,
may be reasonably expected to occur here.

Entomological Society of London : 'ird June, 1872. — Prof. Westwood,
President, in the Chair.

Mr. Staintou exhibited a Iwig of cork-oak from Cannes, placed in his hands by
Mr. Moggridgc, bearing examples of a large, black, berry-like Coccus.

48 [July, 187'.'.

Prof. Westwood exhibited a large cotton-like mass enveloppiiig the cocooas of a
minute parasitic insect of the genus Microgaster. He had extracted 717 insects,
and, as many more remained, there were evidently about 1000 examples, all of which
had infested a single larva of some large species of Bomhyridce in Ceylon.

Mr. P. Moore had noticed a similar occurrence in the larva of a species of Odo-
nestis, from Bombay.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited an apple twig, the biids of which were destroyed
by some larva which he thought might be that of one of the Tortrickhr.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a drawing of a vine-leaf mined by the \ixvyxoi Antispila
Rivillei, found at Massa di Carrara by the Hon. Beatrice De Grrey, and a bred speci-
men of the perfect insect. He detailed the circumstances that led to the re-discovery
of this insect, which had not been observed since Eiville sent an account of it in a
letter to Reaumur in 1750, from observations made in the island of Malta.

Mr. Higgins exhibited a selection of beautiful species of Cetoniidce, principally
from Java, recently obtained fi-om Dr. Mohniki.

Mr. Jeuner Weir stated, that having recently planted a variegated form of
Rhamnus alaternus in his garden at Blackheath, it was at once discovered by Gonop-
teryx rhamni, which laid its eggs thereon. He had not observed this species in his
garden during sixteen years, and considered it remarkable that the plant should so
soon have attracted it, although, in outward appearance, it was so utterly different
from the two indigenous species of Rhamnus.

Mr. McLachlan read a note received from Prof. Newton concerning the habits
of Merope xyersicus, wliich bird lined its nest with the remains of dragon-tlies, on
which insects it apparently fed.

Mr. MiiUer called attention to a paragi-aph in the ' Times ' concerning a plague
of ants on the island of May to such an extent to render the land practically useless
to the lighthouse keepers, so far as cultivation was concerned, and which had oc-
casioned a visit to the island of the Northern Lighthouse Commissioners for the
purpose of investigating the matter.

The Secretary read au extract from the ' Petites NouvcUes Entomologiques ' of
the 1st June, concerning the discovery of large ;|iumbers of Calosoma aycophanta on
the dead body of a man who had hung himself in a forest near Eheims. As the
corpse was in a state of putrefaction, it was considered that the odour had attracted
the beetle ; and it was suggested that bodies of animals should be suspended in woods
for the same purpose.

Prof. Westwood alluded to a notice by M. Gucnee in the same journal concern-
ing a female of Spilosoma sordida, which showed no inclination to pair vrith a male
which, abnormally, was coloui-ed as in the opposite sex, though she instantly mated
with an ordinary male which emerged soon afterwards. M. Gruenee seemed to think
this a proof of the^provision made by nature to ensure purity of race ; but Mr.
Stainton thought that, more probablj^, the first male was neglected as being unable
to continue the species.

Mr. Briggs alluded to the infertility sometimes existing in insects, and mentioned
especially that he had once failed to obtain fertile eggs from three pairs of Clostera
curtula. He further remarked on the depraved sexual instincts exhibited in Noctuce
when intoxicated on ' sugar.'

Aut;ust, 187J.1 49

NOTES ON CICINDELIDM AND CARABID^, AND DESCKIPTIONS
OP NEW SPECIES (No. 16).

BY H. W. BATES, P.L.S.

Ctenostoma ebukatum, 11. sp.

Ni(/errimii7n, nitidum ; elytris hiimeris distinctis^ 2'^^^^^^^ ''^^^ dila-
tatis nee injlatis, usque ad apicem scahroso-punctatis, nullo viodo rugoHis ;
fasciola curvata prope hasin, alteraque pone medium, alb is, fere impunc-
tatis. Long. Q\ lin. $ .

Very similar in colours and form to Ct. luctuosuni ; body above
and legs clothed, as in that species, with very long, erect, black bairs.
Distinguished by its basal elytral fascia, which is narrow, and curves a
little from the shoulder towards the suture, which it does not reach.
The median white fascia is similar to that of Ct. luctuosum, but does
not touch the lateral margin, and is narrowed and hooked at its termi-
nation near the suture ; the apex of the elytra is narrowly bordered
wdth whitish. In form, the apex (in ? ) is rounded and dehiscent at
the suture ; the surface of the elytra is very coarsely scabrose-punctate
without transverse wrinkles, and the punctuation continues, but much
less strongly, to the apex. The antennse are tawny, with pitchy marks
on the first four joints. The forehead is coarsely punctured, and
clothed with hoary hairs.

Taken by Mr. Rogers in the interior of S. Brazil.

In Mr. W. AV. Saunders' collection, and my own.

CiCINDELA DITISSIMA, U. sp. ,

L(ste viridis, capite tlwraceque creherrione subtilifer scahroso-punc-
tatis, opacis ; elytris velutino-opacis, sutura Uneaque siih-marginali
nitidioribus, ut7'inque vitta mediana Jlavo-ochracea ; lahro Jlavo, nigro-
marginato, in utroque sexu elongato, antice truncato, valde tridentoto,
dente mediano robusto, apice bifido. Long. 7^ lin. ^ ? .

Approaches nearest C. aurofasciaia, but much more elongate and
narrower. The head and thorax are much more finely shagreened
than in that species, and the labrnm differs in form fi'om all the
species of the group, being only 5 -dentate, with the lateral tooth on each
side broad and scarcely prominent, and the three apical teeth project-
ing from a straight anterior truncature of the organ ; tliey are very
much dfflexed in the ? , and the middle one is long and bifid at its
apex. The head is broader behind the eyes, and more exserted than
in C. aurofasciaia. The thorax is very similar in form to the same
segment in that species, but is narrower than the head. The elytra are.

50 [August,

very elongate and j)a.rallel-Bidecl, obtusely rounded at the apex ; their
velvety surface appears rich dark blue in certain lights, and the yellow
vitta is continuous from the base (which is also yellow, including a
streak on the shoulder) to very near the apex, but it is slightly uneven
in width. The under-side of the body is blue-green, with the sides of
the metasternum (not the episterna) and of the abdomen clothed with ■
silvery pile. The trochanters are yellowish, and the femora tinged
with golden. The palpi are yellow, with two joints of the maxillary
and one of the labial black.
Hong Kong.

CiCINDELA VELATA, U. Sp.

C. aurulentce simillima ; dijfert capite et tliorace suprh cenco-nUjris.
hoc cmgustiori cylindrico ; elytris Icete nigro-velutinis^ pruinosis, sutura
cequaliter aureo-marcjinata, utriiuiue macidis 2 prope basin, S*** prope
apicem, fasciaque medlana hamata, Jlavis. Long. 8 Un. $ $ .

Deceptively similar to C aurulenta, but diffei'ing from all the
varieties of that species by the unicolorous head and thorax, and the
golden margin of the suture not dilated near the base. The labrum
also is different in both sexes, having vei'y short and scarcely promi-
nent teeth. The head is wider, with the eyes especially more
prominent. The thorax is very much narrower than the head, with
nearly straight sides ; its surface is not velvety, and the disc is
coarsely wrinkled transversely. The yellow spots of the elytra nearly
agree with those of the var. Jiavomaculata, the median forming a
transverse fascia, or, rather, two spots united by a slender line ; the
humeral spot, however, is much larger and rounder. The under-
surface, legs, and palpi ax'e dark blue, with green tinge.

Interior of Northern Borneo (Lieut. Do Crespigny).

AMAEOTYPUS, nov. gen.
Sub-family Mioadopinj^.
Corpore ovato Gen. Amaram simulans. AntenncB articulis 4 hasali-
iun glnhris. Caput postice crassum, rctractum, oculis hand 2J>"omimiJis.
llenfam hreve, leviter emarginatitm, denfe mediano hrevi, hijido. Palpi
hrercx, ruhusti, articulis uJtimis (dongato-ovatis, ad apicem sah-acuminatis,
leviter oblique truncatis. Prostcrnum obtusum, Jiaud porrectum. Epi-
mera metasterni nulla. Tarsorum maris articuli basales 4 pedum qua-
Inor anteriornm dilntati. s^ihtus sponqiosi, arficalo qiinrtu cequaliter
Iti-lohato.

'I'lic sii'jin^c little rai'abirl t'orjiiinsr tliis ^ciius is distiniriiished

1872,1 51

from the allied genera Migadops, Bmchycoelus, Loxomerus, &c., by the
four dilated tarsal joints of the anterior and middle legs, and by the
equality of the lobes of the fourth joint. The species resembles an
Amara to dece2)tiou, and forms an interesting addition to the An-
tarctic group Migadopincd, allied to our northern Nebriance, but differ-
ing from them in facies, and in the middle tarsi being generally
dilated. In form, Amarotypiis resembles Systolosoma, but the hind
coxiB do not reach the side of the body, as in that still more anomalous
genus.

Amarottpus Edwardsii, n. sp.

Ovatus, cupreo-fuscus, nitidus, antennis p)^dibiisque rnfo-piceis,
palpis fiavo-testaceis ; elytris seriato-jjunctatis. Long. 3 lin. ^ $ .

Of similar ovate form to Amara pleheja ; dark pitchy -brown, with
a uniform coppery-aeneous tinge above ; shining. The head is very
similar to that of Uliytidognntlius ovalis, being widened behind the
eyes ; the forehead is, however, a little dilated, and projects over the
base of the antennae. The palpi are short, as in JBrachycoelus ; the
terminal joints are thick and appear pointed, but the points are the
upper ends of an oblique truncature, visible only in certain positions.
The thorax widens from fi'ont to back, and at the base is quite as
wide' as the elytra : it is convex, slightly wrinkled and impunctate,
and has, near the hind angles, two oblong f oveae ; the exterior one very
narrow and scarcely visible, near the angle, and the interior one much
more conspicuous, at some distance from the other. The elytra are
rounded and entire behind ; they have each nine rows of short, linear,
sharply-cut punctures, the marginal row not much more impressed
than the others ; there is no trace of striae, and the interstices are
somewhat uneven. The anterior tibia3 have a deep notch before the
apex, with one spur above the notch and one at the apex. In the (J
the anterior tarsi are more widely dilated than the middle pair ; the
4th joint is nearly as wide as the others, and its lobes are short and
equal.

Found in New Zealand by Mr. H. Edwards (now of (St. Fran-
cisco), who kindly sent me three examples.

Nebuia majS'dibitlaeis, n. sp.

EJonf/ato-ohlonga , paraUela, nigra ; capite grossissimo, mandihulis
maxime elongatis; thorace magno, qimdrato; elytris elongntis, parallelis,
sub-punctato-striatis. Long. 9 lin. ^ .

Quite unlike any other known species ; the tliorax resembling

52 [August,

that of many Carahi in its square form and broadly -produced hind
angles. The whole body is nearly the same in breadth from the
middle of the head to near the apex of the elytra, and is of a shining
black colour throughout. The head, as in the group to which N.
MarscJiallii and Fischer i belong, is not narrowed behind the scarcely-
prominent eyes. The mandibles (especially the sinistral) are greatly
elongated and bent at the tip. The tooth of the mentum is strongly
bidentate. The thorax is quadrangular, broader than long, with
moderately prominent and acute anterior angles, and broadly-produced
but obtuse hind angles ; it is slightly narrowed behind the middle,
widening again before the base ; the middle of the base is broadly
sinuated ; the surface is very finely punctulate and wrinkled, and the
lateral margins moderately dilated and reflexed. The elytra are
elongate-oblong, nearly parallel-sided, with rectangular shoulders, and
sharp but fine striae, minutely j^unctulated. As in iV. intricatn, Mnis-
zechii, and allied species, the apex of the elytra has a short ridge
with groove on each side. The whole insect is of a deep, shining black.
One example, from a collection made in Northern Persia, Kur-
distan, and Mesopotamia.

Nebeia chinensis, n. sp.

Elongata, piceo-nigra, antennis, palpis fedibusque rufo-inceis ;
capite parvo, oculis valde prominentihvs ; thorace transi'ersim quadrato,
postice gradation leviter angiistato ; elgtris ohlongo-parallelis, acute
punctato-striatis, interstifiis omnino crehre punctiilatis, 3*" ^-punctato.

Long. 6^ lin. ^ .

A very distinct species, belonging to the JV. hrevicoUis group ;
more elongate than hrevicoUis, and distinguished by the punctulate
elytra. The head is sparsely punctulate^ with very projecting eyes.
The thorax resembles that of AT. hrevicoUis, except that the sides have
no trace of sinuation, and the hind angles are not at all produced ; they
form in fact an obtuse angle, with a small, sharp tooth at the apex ;
the surface is thickly rugose punctate, except on the convex disc,
which is very minutely strigose and glossy. The elytra are more
elongated, the striie sharp, like fine grooves, with minute, regular
punctures. The shoulders are rounded, and the basal fold docs not
project as a tooth. The legs are pitchy-red, becoming blackish on
tarsi and outside of tibise.

Taken on the Yang-tsze Kiang, in Sze-chuen, by Mr. Consul
Swinhoe.

Kentish Town; Jufy. 1872.

1872.] 53

ON A NEW SPECIES OF NEOLUCANUS FROM NOETHEEN INDIA.
BY CHAS. O. WATERIIOUSE.

Tlie insect which I am about to describe has been for a long time
standing in the British Museum Collection as a new species of Odon-
tolahls. M. Henri Deyrolle, on his last visit to England, pointed out
that it was a JVieolucanus ; of which genus it is apparently an unde-
scribed species, allied to iV. cingulatus, differing especially in being
more depressed, and scarcely visibly punctured on the thorax and
elytra.

* Neolucanus marginatus, sp. n.
9 . Piceo-niger, sat depressus ; capite thoraceque opacis ; elytris
siih-nifidis, suhtilissime punctulafis, nigro-piceis, singulis vittd magna
suh-marginaU Jlavd ornatis. Gida impunctata. Tihiis anticis tridenfi-
culafls ; tihiis post ids extus quadri-sidcatis (sioJcis fortiter pimctatis),
intus punctorum seriehus duahus impressis. Abdomine lateribus apiceque
punctidatis, medio Icevi. Long. 18 lin., lat. 8i lin.

Pitchy-black, with the sides of the thorax pitchy. Elytra pitchy-
black, each elytron with a broad ochraceous strijJe extending from the
shoulder almost to the apex ; this stripe is narrow at the shoulder,
then somewhat suddenly widens, and remains of an equal breadth for
about half of its whole length, and then gradually narrows to the
apex, thus leaving the elytra narrowly bordered with black, and with
a somewhat triangular patch of the same colour covering the disc ; the
suture is pitchy.

The anterior tibiae are furnished on the outer edge with three
sharp teeth, and the apex is bifurcate. The posterior tibiae are longi-
tudinally canaliculate, the channels are four in number on the outer
side, deeply and closely punctured ; on the inner or under-side there
are two longitudinal row^s of deep punctures, one of them forming
a slight channel at the base ; the space between this row and the chan-
nel next to it of the four above mentioned is very convex, and has
only four or five punctures ; in the second row the punctures are se-
parated from each other ; the space between these two rows is convex
and impunctate. The head is sparingly but deeply punctured on the
under-side between the eye and the gula, the gula itself is very
shining, with scarcely any visible punctures. The abdomen has the
sides and apical segment punctured, the central part smooth, with a
few minute punctures visible with a magnifying power.

Habitat : Northern India. British Museum.

54 [August,

This insect most nearly resembles N. cingulaius, from which it
may be distinguished by being less convex and proportionately longer.
The thorax is dull, without admixture of large punctures on the sur-
face, except a few indistinct ones on the disc ; whereas, the whole
surface of the thorax in N. cingulatus is thickly punctured on the dull
ground ; the elytra are also more distinctly but finely punctured in
N. cingulatus. The gula in N. cingulaius is moderately thickly but
strongly punctured, and the abdomen is visibly but finely punctured
in the central part. The anterior tibiae are furnished with four sharp
teeth ; the posterior tibiae in N. cingulatus are furnished with two lon-
gitudinal channels on the under or inner side, the space between them
being furnished with about five punctures at the apex, and the space
between the outer of these two channels and the innermost of the
four channels on the outer side of the tibiae is furnished ^\^th a row
of large oblong, semi-confluent punctures.

There is an insect in the British Museum Collection which may
prove to be the male {var. minor) of the above ; but there is little
more than the fact of their having come in the same collection (with
other Neolucani) to lead to this conclusion. It appears, however, to
be quite distinct from N. Baladeva, having nearly the whole of the
thorax and elytra castaneous. It is much less convex than N. Baladeva;
the canthus of the eye is more prominent and acutely angular, and
the head is more suddenly contracted behind the eyes. The thorax is
broader posteriorly, and the sides are less rounded, with the margins
more flattened.

British Mnscnmi : July 17th, 1872.

NOTES ON THE BEEEDING OF ANTISPILA RIVILLEI.
BY H. T. STAI^"TON, T.E.S.

From the larvse of this insect, collected on the vines at Ma«sa di
Carrara by the Hon. Beatrice de Grrey, last October, I have now
reared ten specimens of the perfect insect.

It will frequently happen that that to which we have looked
forward most eagerly, and from which we have anticipated a great
amount of pleasure, will be found, when actually attained, a source
rather of discoinfort than happiness ; and so it has certainly been
with me in the case of this Antisjjila.

Never before have I known what it was to dread to have to pin
and set a moth. All things are supposed to become easier with prac-

1872.] 55

tice, but cither that is not the case with the pinning and setting of
Antispila Bivillei, or the nine specimens already manipuhited have
• not afforded me a sufficient amount of practice.

In the first phace the insect is so small ; whereas my smallest
Antispila Treif chskiell a exi^&nds, fully three lines, my largest^. Bivillei
is little over two lines, and the smaller specimens are considerably
under two lines ; indeed, one specimen appears to be smaller than a
Nepticula microtherieUa, which I have placed beside it.

In the second i)lace the insect is so glossi/, that it has a tendency
to slip about, and the normal position of the wings render it far more
difficult to pin than a Nepticula, which lies flat, besides having the
advantage of being roughly scaled.

Hence, whereas I have always hitherto considered that the pin-
ning and setting out nicely of a small Nepticula was the ne plus ultra
of a Micro-Lepidopterist (how often have I used the phrase in speak-
ing of a Micro-Lepidopterist, " Oh! he can set NepticulcB !"), I have
to admit now that a far severer test is afforded by the small, glossy,
Antispila Rivillei.

When I stumbled over the first specimen, I thought the difficulty
arose from my own nervousness, at having before me an insect which
had not been seen for 120 years, and which might, perhajDS, be the
only specimen which I should breed ; but when, after breeding a few
more single specimens, three specimens appeared simultaneously, and
my difficulty in pinning the creature still continued, either my ner-
vousness was extremely obstinate, or the insect really did present
some unusual difficulties.

The head (where visible, for many of my specimens are pinned
tliroufjli the head) and face are silvery ; the antennae dark fuscous,
annulated with whitish, little more than one-third the length of the
anterior wings.

The anterior wdngs are glossy brown-black, with four bright
silvery spots, two on the inner margin, and two on the costa ; the
dorsal spots are placed anterior to the costal spots, and are both
nearly triangular, the second one being the largest ; the first costal
spot is triangular, but very small, being the smallest of the four spots
(I apprehend it extends little beyond the sub-costal nervure) ; the
second costal spot has its hinder margin rather hollowed or curved.
The tips of the cilia are whitish.

The position of the spots is well shown in fig. -i of the frontis-
piece to the ' Tineina of Southern Europe,' only there the relative
sizes of the two costal spots are transposed. This figure of course is

56 [August,

magnified, and is so stated to be by M. de Eiville ; but the cases were,
I believe, intended by him to represent the natural size of his cases,
and they are very much larger than those o£ the insect I have been
rearing — they are larger than my cases of Antispila Treitschkiella.
Hence I cannot help entertaining a somewhat uneasy feeling that
possibly there may be another vine-feeding species of this genus in
southern Italy. It is even possible that that might be the veritable
BiviUei, and the insect I have been now noticing a species totally
hitherto unknown, which has been found in the search for " the lost
Pleiad."

Did not Columbus by going westward in order to reach China
discover America ? The search for the known often results in the
finding of the unknown.

The first imago of A. Birillei appeared on the 23rd May ; another
appeared on the 2nd June, and another the following day ; another
specimen appeared on the 10th June ; on the 14th three appeared
(on the 21st June I left home for a fortnight, and put all my pupae
in a cool place till my return on the 5th July) ; another appeared on
the 6th and another on the 7th July (but strange to relate, loth these
were injured in boxing ; their remains, however, I have carefully
pinned) ; another specimen appeared on the 16th July and is still
living, waiting till I can screw up my courage again to grapple with
so great a difiiculty as the pinning and setting of Antispila Bivillei.
Mountsfield, Lewislmra : July ISth, 1872.

NATURAL HISTOEY OF TRIPSMNA SUB SE QUA.
BY WILLIAM BUCKLEE.

On September 6th, 1871, Mr. George Norman, of Foi-res, most
kindly sent me some eggs laid by a female of this species. The larvae
began to hatch on the evening of the 13th ; on the 23rd they moulted ;
by October 14th they were five-twelfths of in inch in length, and
growing fast, so that by the 20th they were five-eighths of an inch
long ; after this, most of them ceased feeding for hibernation, but
some went on till full growth, moulting for the last time during the
latter part of November, becoming full-fed from the 16th to 27th of
December, and pupating shortly after. The hibernating larvae did
well enough whilst the weather was mild, and fed a little, and got
through a moult in January, 1872 ; but, on the 29th of that mouth, a
severe frost killed most of them, and the survivors perished in a similar
wav on Februarv 21st.

1872.] ^ 57

I 8cut some eggs to Mr. Hellins, who mjinaged to bring three
larvae through hibernation, keeping them in a cucumber frame without
bottom heat ; but he bred only one moth (June 12th), the pupa state
having lasted four or five weeks.

The food the larvae chose at first was cowslip, garden riband
grass, and Ranunculus acris ; after a time they seemed to prefer Poten-
filln reptans and Ranunculus repens, and on this last they fed up ; Mr.
Hellins tells me his larvae stuck to the riband grass throughout.

The egg, as with other species of this genus, was small, somewhat
globular, but rather flattened above ; the shell glistening, with thirty
blunt ribs, and faint reticulations ; the colour at first dirty white, and
in four days there appeared a greyish-brown blotch on the apex, and
a zone of irregvilar blotches round the middle ; just before hatching,
the colour was pale grey.

The young larvae were at first of a semi-pellucid greenish-grey
colour, with a brown head, and an internal brownish-green vessel, all the
usual warts very conspicuous, and bearing each a bristle. In ten days
they had moulted into opaque, brownish-grey coats, having a stripe of
cream colour above the legs : at their next moult, when from three to
four lines long, they were of similar colour, the dorsal and sub-dorsal
lines becoming faintly visible, the former as a pale thi-ead running
down the centre of a brown stripe, the latter as a fine line rather paler
than the ground, and edged above with a thread of darker ; the lower
stripe above the legs much paler than the ground colour. In three
weeks more they were five lines in length, and stouter in proportion
than before, and now showed the dorsal stripe white running uninter-
ruptedly through oval shapes of brownish-grey, darker than the ground
colour, the sub-dorsal stripe as before, and the pale sub-spiracular
stripe having a fine line of white on its upper edge. These details,
even at this early stage, effectually distinguish this species from either
of its congeners. Another week of growth brought them up to five-
eighths of an inch in length, and they w^ere now generally of a little
deeper tint of greyish-brown, the dorsal white stripe still the distinct
character, running now through elongated diamond shapes, darker
than the ground colour ; the sub-dorsal stripe a little less white, with
a series of oblong black dashes along its upper margin ; just before
the last moult the whitish stripes assumed an ochreous-yellow tint,
and the whole ornamentation generally came very near to the appear-
alice of the full-grown stage — now to be described.

The full-grown larva is 1^ to If inches in length, of stout propor-
tions, cylindrical, and of tolerably uniform bulk thi'oughout, tapering

58 lAugust,

a little from tlie fifth segment to the head, which is a trifle the smallest ;
and the thirteenth segment tapers also a little, and is rounded off be-
hind ; the segmental divisions are slightly indented ; the smooth skin
has a velvety appearance. The ground colour is greyish-brown or pale
drab ; on the back of each segment is a much darker and rather olive-
tinted mark of a diamond shape, with the points truncated ; through
the middle of this row of diamonds runs the very conspicuously vade
dorsal stripe of bright ochreous-yellow, which, at each end of the body,
becomes narrower, and is relieved throughout by a very fine black
edging ; sometimes a faint cloud of greyish appears in the middle of
this dorsal stripe, but this is oftener met with in the earlier stages ;
the sub-dorsal stripe is almost as wide as the dorsal, but is rather
uiore of a greyish-yellow, and clouded faintly with greyish along the .
middle, and it is well relieved on its upper and lower edges by a thin
darker line ; close along the upper edge, in contact with it, is a series
of oblong, square black marks, each mark situated on the anterior
portion of a segment, those on the third and fourth segments being
narrower than the rest and rather wedge-shaped, that on the twelfth
extending the whole length of the segment ; the tubercular marks on
the back are black, and three on either side of the dorsal stripe in each
segment and in the post-thoracic segments are thus arranged : — the
middle one of each three is seen as a dot, sometimes faintly confluent
longitudinally, and the other two are merged within transverse
narrow bars of black, the one in front at the segmental division,
the other behind the square black mark previously mentioned, only the
slenderest interval of the pale ground colour separating them ; adja-
cent on the back, near the segmental divisions, are a few fine longitu-
dinal streaks of greyish yellow : the ground colour of the side, as far
as the spiracles, is the same as that of the back, with a darker longi-
tudinal stripe running midway through it, more strongly tinged with
darker brown at the beginning of each segment ; the very broad sub-
spiracular stripe is pale ochreous at its upper and lower edges, rather
greyish-ochreous along the middle, bearing a couple of brown freckles
on most of the segments ; the upper edge of this stripe is well defined
by a very finfe brown line, on which are the spii'acles, small and white,
either simply outlined with black, or placed in fusiform black blotches,
which gradually increase in size to the twelfth segment ; the belly has
a faint, indistinct, central, paler longitudinal line, and a few freckles
of the same paler tint, but its general colour, as well as that of the
legs, is a little deeper in tint than the sub-spiracular stripe ; the ven-
tral legs bear a couple of small brown dots, and are tipped with hooks

1872.] 59

of the same colour ; the head is brownish-grey, freckled with dai'k
brown, and marked down the front of eacli lobe with a black wedge-
shaped mark, pointing to each side of the mouth j the sides of the head
bear also a black streak.

It will thus be seen that this larva is a mucli handsomer creature
than either of its congeners in this country, and abundantly distinct
from them.

The pupa-state w^as assumed at a slight depth below tbe sui-face
of the soil, and there seemed to be little appearance of any cocoon or
chamber ; the pupa was full and rounded in figure, the skin being
thin and of a bright red colour.

Emsworth : Jidy, 1872.

Ravages of Anohiivm. — The floor of an upper room at Mr. Van Voorst's, our
worthy pubhshor, Paternoster Row, upon which part of his stock of works in sheets
has been placed for security, is riddled hj Anobiiim striatum, 01., which, in its efforts
to publish itself to the world, has penetrated a layer of half-an-ineh of paper (5 quires
deep, with strong outer wrapper). A good soaking with boiling water containing
carbolic acid may, perhaps, suppress fiu'ther editions of the beetle ; and the stock could
with benefit be placed on tin plates, though even the metallic intervention might not
prove effectual, as I have known A. tessellatum bore clean tlirough leaden roofing
under similar conditions. I remember finding A. striatum (which, in the present
instance, exhibits a great lack of esprit de corps in attacking a natural-history book
publisher) in multitudes, quietly converting into the resemblance of a cullender
bottom the superficies of an elegant sideboard in a friend's house, bought as solid
mahogany, but really made of British wood with a thin veneer, the white dust of
the native fibre pouring tlu'ough the neat driU holes on to the carpet. My friend
Dr. T. Algernon Chapman once sent me vast quantities of ivy stems from Aber-
gavenny, peopled with this beetle, among others of greater value : these stems I
kept in an unoccupied bed-room, collecting the last-mentioned species from day to
day on the windows and walls, and thoughtlessly leavuig the Anobium, the numbers
whereof were enormous. I have since moved from that house, and can only hope my
late landlord will not peruse these lines, lest the idea of an action for dilapidations
shoidd occur to liis mind. — E. C. Eye, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney, S.W. :
JuJtj, 1872.

Note on Lamprias {Lehia) chrysocephalus, Motsch. — Baron Chaudoir (Bxill. de
la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou, xliii, pt. 2, p. 137), who has just completed his
monograph of the Lebiades, sinks Motschoulsky's insect above named as a var. of
chlorocephalus, which he (Chaudoir) states to occur in the south and west of Erancc,
and to be smaller than the type, with the elytra proportionally more abbreviated,
and the thorax generally less transverse. This is evidently the same insect as that
refei-red by me to Motschoulsky's chrysocephaliis from Shirley, in Ent. Mo. Mag., iv
(1868), p. 190.— Id.

GO (August,

Note on Ih/hius (Btipscens, Thorns. — Like my friend, Mr. E. C. Rye (Ent. Mo.
Mag., ix, p. 36), I am inclined to refer my supposed specimens of J. angtistior to this
species. I have examples from the south of Scotland, the Cheviot district. East
Cumberland, and from the south of England. All have the antennae totally red, and
are evidently of one species ; but in no instance do I detect Hcrr Thomson's sexual
chararcter of " Mas. : pedum intermediorum unguicwlo postico basi subtus sinuate "
(Opusc. p. 125). — Thos. Jno. Bold, Long Benton, Nevrcastle-on-Tyne : July, 1872.

Note on Ocypus morio, Auct. — I have long had in my collection one of those
small specimens of Ocypus morio mentioned"by Mr. Eye on the above page, and
which was taken near Hartlepool, Co. Durham, in October. Placed alongside of
ordinary morio, of equal size, the difference in appearance is so gi-eat that it is very
difficult to believe them to be of one species ; but, having only one example of the
smaller race, I will content myself with pointing out how it differs from the typical
form. Agreeing generally with the characters pointed out by Mr. Eye, this indi-
vidual has its head nearly quadrate, the greatest width being behind (not nearly
orbiculate, with the greatest width immediately behind the eyes, as in morio) ; the
eye is much larger in proportion to the size of the head, and more upright ; the
elytra are proportionately larger, browner in colom*, with the apices less oblique
and more rounded ; the abdomen has its intermediate segments less dilated, whilst
the legs are more sparingly covered with pubescence, with the tibiae much less
strongly spinose. — Id.

The sound produced hy Pelohius Hermanni. — On this subject, a friend writes as
follows : — " Of the beetles, popularly known as ' screech-beetles,' I have several in
" my aqxiarium, which contains more than 20 gallons of water, and I have heard the
" peculiar noise from which the name is derived emitted when two beetles were
" quarrelling for a piece of worm. I think the noise came from two at the bottom,
" but as several couples were quarrelling at the time, it might have proceeded from a
" couple nearer the top." — J. W. Douglas, Lee : \Wi June, 1872.

Wofe on the ovvposition of Chrysopa. — A fortnight ago, at nine o'clock in the
evening, I saw a Chrysopa leave a broom tree in the garden here. After captiiring
and examining it to make sure of the genus, I gave it back its liberty, but thought
it strange at the time that Chrysopa was to be seen on the wing so late.

Yesterday, while examining the same tree again, I found several of the
branches thickly covered with hosts of mostly apterous slate-coloured Aphidce.
Between them, I noticed the well known eggs on long stalks of a Chrysopa, and it
strikes me now that I must have interrupted the $ insect while depositing her eggs-
In most cases, the pedunculate eggs were fixed by minute, white, fiat discs to the
stem of the plant, as could be ascertained by gently pulling them off ; biit,
finding some of the eggs moving rather suspiciously, I examined their j)osition
closely, when it appeared that several were fixed by their basis to the backs of fidl-
grown Axihidcc.

I have now two such creatures walking about before me, each carrying the
peduncidatcd egg of its enemy. In the eggs fixed to the stem of the broom the
stalks are of uniform thickness, and quite white ; but, in the case of those fixed to the

1872 ] 61

Aphidoe, the lower part of the stems is somewhat discoloiu-ed, and at the same time
thicker than the upper part of the peduncle. Perhaps the kicking of the Aphis
during the implanting of the egg has something to do with this inequality m its
thread-like stem.

Some of the eggs have already hatched, and it is very interesting to see the
voracious-looking larvae, with their enormous mandibles, slowly move among their
victims. I find these young Chrysopa larvae carry their heavy hind-body in an
upright crooked manner, that is to say, they use the last segment as a kind of rest
and propeller for the others. They make no attempt at present to leave the branches
on which they were born, although very active in their movements.

July 16tli, 9 p.m. — I have just watched another specimen of the same Chrysopa
depositing three eggs on the same plant. The insect, while laying, clings in an in-
verted position by her legs to a slender branch, with the abdomen along the branch
and the folded wings directed downwards. As it is getting too dark for out-of-door
observation, I have captured the insect, and, taking her in-doors, have Just confined her
in a glass-topped box, where she is now laying her eggs under my eyes, by attaching the
stalks to the top of the bos. With the aid of Mr. M'Lachlan's Monograph, I find
that it is Chrysopa septempunctata, Wesmael. A very disagreeable experience
indeed, enables me to bear out my friend's statement that this creature is " especially
entitled to the appellation of ' stink-fly.' " The smell is really so disgusting, that
were it not that I wanted to observe the oviposition closely, I shovdd have flung the
creatiu'e away immediately. If this odour be not protective agamst man and beast,
I shall cease to believe in the efficacy of smells altogether. ■ It is now a quarter-past
nme : the Chrysopa has laid fifteen eggs since I placed her in the box. Her proceed-
ing in egg-laying is as follows : — before the operation commences, a slight but very
distinctive twisting of the segments of the abdomen is perceptible, as if to get certain
internal organs and their contents into the most suitable position. Of course, this
is a mere supposition of mine, but I cannot help mentioning it. The insect then
slowly curves the hind-body upwards tdl the external part of the oviduct touches
the glass. At this moment, a small drop of viscid liquid appears at the outlet of
the oviduct ; this drop is brought into slight contact with the glass, the body is
then gently, but with extreme steadiness, withdrawn to a distance of exactly seven
millimetres, and remains connected by a semi-transparent thread of the gummy
liquid to the glass. One end of the oval pale green egg now appears to stop up
the oviduct, and is seen to join the end of the viscid thread. The abdomen is now
again gently moved to the distance of half a millimetre, by which movement the full
half of the egg becomes visible. At this juncture, all movement ceases for five or
six seconds, and the half of the egg is seen to be tightly held by the aperture of the
oviduct, whde the hind-body itself seems to stiffen in a most singular fashion. No
one who has not seen this sudden change from gentle movement into the most
absolute steadiness and repose, can have a correct idea of the process. It is as if all
the insect's will had been brought into play to maintain the utmost steadiness of the
whole body ; even the movements of the antennae and palpi have ceased, as if the
insect feared lest some mishap might disturb the consolidation of the thread and its
safe connection with the egg. After the time mentioned, the other half of the egg
gently slides out of the oviduct, and the Chnjsnpa finally gets rid of it with a slight
jerk. Die egg itself is a millimetre in length, and of an oral, elongate shape ; in

62 [August,

colour, it is of a lively pale gi*een. The pedicle is now stiff enough to support the
egg without mucli bending. After depositing one ovum, the ? simply moves forward
a few steps and repeats the operation. The ova in the box are fixed in four nearly
straight rows, but this arrangement is to be attributed to the artificial nature of the
surface presented ; on the broom they are ranged in one row along the twigs.
The insect is very neat in its ways, continually cleaning its antennse and feet, by
passing the former through the claws of the fore-feet and the three pairs of feet
through its palpi. Having accidentally hurt one of her hind legs, the Chrysopa has
brouglit it forward to her mouth and licked it, as a cat would lick its paw under
similar circumstances.

July 17th. 8.15 p.m.

A batch of Chrysopa eggs from the same bush is now hatching under my eyes.
The mature egg is pale fuscous ; the young larvse force their way out of the soft,
transparent, white egg-skin with the head foremost, till the whole body is liberated,
when they remain suspended by the last abdominal segment with the head down-
wards. Their bodies are now pale fuscous, their mandibles and legs transparent,
and they are covered with long, stiff, isolated, ciirved hairs. After a few minutes,
the last few abdominal segments are suddenly curved upwards, till the larva is able
to clasp the empty egg-skin with its legs. In this position, it rests again for a little
while with the last abdominal segment still in the egg-skin ; subsequently, the ter-
minal segment is withdrawn finally from the egg-skin, and the larva again rests.
The relative position of the resting larva to the deserted egg may be compared to
the letter O ; one side of the letter to represent the larva, and the other side the
egg-skin. The hind-body of the larva at this stage is very elongate, and in a resting
position is still kept bent round the basal part of the egg, without, however, touching
the latter, the larva being kept in position by clasping the circumference of the egg
with its limbs. After thus resting, it ascends the egg and begins to climb up tlie
stalk by holding on with the feet only, but using the hind-body occasionally both as
" balan9oire " and as propeller, as circumstances may require. Once on the plant,
it is as nimble and active as if it had been on its legs for a long time, instead of
just having quitted the egg. When fully stretched out, it is 2i millimetres in
length, the liead broader than the next segment, the remainder of the segments
gradually tapering towards the last. Colour of the head dark fuscous, nearly black
and polished ; body many shades lighter, of a dirty fuscous hue. It is singular that,
although the head itself is very dark, the formidable, crooked mandibles it carries
are still almost transparent. These young larva? are fidl of slow play, if I may use
such a paradoxical expression. They amuse themselves by ascending and climbing
down the deserted egg-stalks, and, in short, act exactly like so many little bears,
which mammal they also superficially resemble in theij' hairy coats, and their manner
of slow, deliberate climbing with outstretched limbs. — Albert Mullek, South Nor-
wood, S.E. : nth July, 1872.

Occurrence of Sixi/ra Dalii, McLacli., in ahundance. — -On the 5th inst. — one of
the hottest days this year — I proceeded to the banks of the Mole beyond Eeigate, at
the spot where, in 18G6, I took a few specimens of Sisyra Dalii, and found the insect
in great abundance, tliougli, owing to the intense heat, manv of (liem were dead and

1872.] 63

broken before I got liome. S. terminalis, which on my former visit was extremely
common, was present in only one example. The almost ubiquitous S. fascata was
not seen.

S. Dalii has not yet been found out of Britain ; but S. terminalis is recorded
as occurring in Sweden, and I have received indications that it is also found in
Germany. — E. M'Lachlan, Lewisham : Sth July, 1872.

An addition to the list of British Psocidm (Stenopsocus stigmaticus, Imhoff and
Lahram). — At the time and place mentioned in the preceding note, I captured 15
examples of Stenopsocus stigmaticus, described and figured by Imhoff and Labram
in their ' Insekten der Schweiz.' This was almost the only described European
siDccies of winged PsocidcB that had not occurred in Britain when I wrote my
Monograph of the British species of the family, and I was not then fidly acquainted
with it, and had not seen the original description and figure {cf. Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. iii, p. 245). Since then, I have received numerous examples from Herr Meyer-
Diir from Biirgdorf in Switzerland, and from Belgium, and I possess it also from
Germany, from an uncertain locality. Hagen considers the species identical with the
insect described by Fabricius in his ' Systema Entomologise ' as Hemerohius striatulus
(cf. Stettiner ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 170), but it seems to me that the description is by no
means sufficiently exact to identify the species, and I therefore have not adopted
Fabricius's name. The insect may be described as follows : —

Antenna slightly longer than the wings, black, the two basal joints yellow. The
whole body is of a beautiful pea-green, when alive, with black markings, chang-
ing to yellowish-gi'cen soon after death. Nasus fuscescent or blackish (less
decidedly so in the $ ), and generally with the ocelli surrounded by blackish.
Thorax almost entirely blackish above, the sutures between the lobes remaining
gi-een. Abdomen slightly blackish at base and apex ; towards the apex is a ring
of yellow, occupying a segment, scarcely evident in the living insect, but becoming
very conspicuous after death, especially in the $ . Legs greenish, the tarsi and
(in the $ ) the apical portion of the tibiae, fuscescent ; sometimes only the apical
joint of the tarsi is fuscescent. Wings hyaline ; veins strong, almost entirely
blackish ; the vein under the pterostigma in the anterior wings, from its apex to
the point where it emits the transverse veinlet, much thiclcened and conspicuously
black (especially in the $) , a character partaken of in a lesser degree by the
transverse veinlet itself: pterostigma bright yellow, much angidated at the point
where is emits the transverse veinlet. Expanse of wings 4 lin.

Closely allied to the common /S. immactdatns, Stephens. Distinguished there-
from by its slightly smaller size, the much brighter green of the body, the brighter
yellow of the pterostigma, the form of this latter (which in immaculatus is not at
all, or scarcely, angulate at the point where it emits the transverse veinlet), and
especially by the conspicuously thickened black nervure which bounds the pterostigma
at its lower edge.

My examples were taken from a mixed hedge consisting of hazel, hawtliorn, oak,
buckthorn, &c., and I was not able to satisfy myself that the species was attracted to
any one of these in particular. I had loug felt sure that ifc would occur in Britain,
and no doubt it exists in many localities. The Ceylonese S. uniformis, Hagen, ia a
vei'v closely allied species.

64 rAugust,

It may here be mentioned, that of Ccecilius Dalii, which had only occurred in
England (in Mr. Dale's garden at Sherborne), I possess an example found by Mr.
Stainton among leaves of Cratagus fyraeantha, mined by a micro -lepidopterous larva,
brought by him from Florence. Thus Dorsetshire and Florence are its only known
localities, exeejiting a doubtful specimen found in a hot-house in Belgium. — Id.

Description of the larva of Dianthoecia cmsia. — Towards the end of June, 1867,
I received two small larviE of this species, scarcely half-an-inch long, from Mr. C.
Gregson, who sent with them a couple of flowers and a leaf or two of Silene mari-
tiina, and instructions to feed them on the flowers and leaves of that plant. Perhaps
for want of sufiicient air in their small box during the journey in hot weather, one
arrived in a dying state, and though much attention was paid to the survivor, that
also soon sickened and died.

I noted that this little larva was of a grey colour, marked with a series of dorsal
diamonds of a darker brownish-grey, and the sides of the same brownish-grey, and
the tubercular dots distinct as dark rings.

The next and only subsequent opportunity for studying this larva was generously
afforded me by Mrs. Hutchinson of Leominster, who, knowing ccesia (at that time a
comparatively recent addition to our list) was still one of my desiderata, very kindly
sent me, on July 23rd, 1869, some examples of larvae which her son, Mr. Thomas
Hutcliinson, had recently found on Silene maritima in the Isle of Man, in the hope
that I might find that species amongst them ; nor, indeed, was this a forlorn hope,
for on looking over the larvse — mostly familiar enovigh — I detected one which at once
recalled to mind the ccesia of 1867- This I kept apart, and carefully tended with
seeds of both Silene maritima and inflata, and it appeared to feed very well on both,
without any apparent preference. At its arrival, it was about five-eighths of an inch
in length, by the 31st it had increased to an inch", and by August 9th to one inch
and a quarter, perhaps even a little more when thoroughly stretched out ; it con-
tinued to feed for a day or two longer, and retired into the soil on the 13th for
pupation.

Having but this one, I did not interfere with it to take notes of the pupa, lest I
might by some some accident destroy the chance of breeding the perfect insect, and
so lose the opportunity for proving the figures taken of the larva were rightly named.
Fortunately, the moth, a fine example, appeared on July lolli, 1870, evidently later
than its parents had flown in their native haunts.

In several of the Dianthoecice, we are familiar with variations of the chevron
pattern, but from all its congeners, ccBsia is strikingly distinguished by these diamond
shapes of freckles, as well as by the absence of positive outlines in the sub-dorsal and
spiracular regions. The description given above of the larva of 1867 suits every
subsequent stage up to fidl growth.

The fidl-grown larva was cyUndrical, of moderate stoutness and about equal
bulk throughout ; the head rounded, and the anal segment only slightly tapered,
and rounded off ; the segments and sub-divisions very well defined. The ground
colour on the back was pale greyish-ochreous, that of the sides, belly, and legs
similar, but a little more ochreous-brown, and deeper : on each segment, and co-
extensive with it in length and in breadth, extending to the sub-dorsal region, was a

1872.] 65

diamoiicl shaped mark, composed of dark grey-brown freckles thickly aggregated
together ; a broad band of similar freckling commenced along the sub-dorsal region
and terminated rather below the spiracles ; other freckles, fainter and farther apart,
were low on the sides, disappearing gradually towards the legs, which were tipped
with broad hooks ; the head shining reddish-brown, the plate on the second segment
was rather shining reddish grey-brown, and had a broad dark brown margin in front :
tlie tubercular dots were whitish centres in rings of dark grey-browTi, arranged in
threes on either side the back of each segment ; others, whose place was within the
side band of freckles, were of the gi'ound coloiu- ; the spiracles pale bro"5\m, outlined
with black : just at the last, when the larva was in its pkmipest condition, the last
three segments appeared to taper a little.

There was a faint indication at first of a dorsal line or thread of pale ground
colour enclosed within two dark grey-brown ones, but not very visible beyond the
thoracic segments, excepting just at the segmental divisions. — \Vm. Bfceler, Ems-
worth : July, 1872.

Description of the larva of Eupithecia pygmceata. — Long, very slender, and
tapering extremely on the capital segments. Ground colour pale, didl, ycUowish-
gi'cen. Central dorsal line pale olive, connecting a series of very distinct, well-
defined, urn-shaped blotches of the same colour, which become confluent on the
capital and anal segments. Sub-dorsal and spiracular lines pale olive, sinuous,
distinct, and I'ather broad. Belly without markings. Skin rough and rugose, freely
studded with short, whitish hairs. In form and general appearance comes next to
the larva of Eup. pulchellata. Feeds on petals and anthers of Stellaria holostea.
FuU-fed June 20th.

I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Hodgkinson of Preston, and Mr. Hellins
of Exeter, for the opportunity of describing this interesting and almost imknown
larva. The former gentleman took a ? moth on May 25th. She deposited three
eggs on a daisy flower, which, together with the parent insect, he fcffwarded to Mr.
Hellms. The eggs hatched June 2nd.

Mr. Hellins kindly sent me a larva on the eve of its last moult. I had no
Stellaria holostea within easy reach, but found it feed freely on petals and stamens
of Cerastiuvi toinentosum.

Mr. Buckler has secured several life-like portraits of the interesting little
stranger. — H. Harpur-Crewe, The Rectory, Drayton-Bcaucliamp, Tring : June
21st, 1872.

Note on the habits of Eupithecia suhciliata. — As a contribution to the history
of E. suhciliata, I send you my short experience of the larva. I took it abimdantly
in two or three localities in this neighbourhood, which forms part of what is termed
by Mr. Barrett the " Breck "-sand of Norfolk. It fell easily to the stroke, from
maple in full blossom ; so easily, that I judged it was feeding on the blossom. On
perusing Mr. Crewe's description of the lai-va, I thought it faidty in making it of
uniform bulk, for I readily distinguished it in the umbrella from other small green
larvae as well from its segmental divisions being somewhat darker as from it being
plumped out in the middle, and slightly tapering towards the extremities. This
alteration in bidk, Mr. Buckler informs me, does not take place till just pvcv'ous to

QQ [August,

changing, when the colour of some of its markings change to a pinkish-brown, and
this was just the stage in which I discovered it. I failed to beat it from any but
trees in blossom, and most abundantly from stunted sickly trees with spare foliage,
but abundant blossom, growing as underwood in a very poor, sandy soil. — H.
Williams, Croxton, Thetford : 4,th July, 1872.

Does Orthosia ypsilon hibernate as egg or larva 1 — A general conviction seems
to have settled on the minds of Lepidopterists that the eggs of this species hatch in
the summer or autumn, and that the larva? hibernate ; and, until the spring of last year,
scarcely a doubt of the correctness of this supposition had crossed my mind. I had
repeatedly found dozens of the larvaj half-an-inch to an inch in length under the
loose bark of old willows, where a week or two previously scarcely one could be
found ; and as they could not have grown to this size in so short a time, thought
they must hibernate, and when searched for before had not yet bestirred themselves,
lu the spring of last year, however, I found some very small larvre spun up in young
willow leaves, and this spring some similarly small larvae accidentally got into one
of my cages from poplar, brought in as food for another species. Does it not seem
that the eggs hatch in spring just when the willows and poplars come into leaf, and
that the larvfe, until they have attained some size, live in spun-up leaves, after-
wards hiding in the day-time under loose bark ? — Geo. T. Poreitt, Huddersfield :
Jvly Uh, 1872.

Habit of Laverna atra. — I have reared this from a larva which I found hanging
by a silken thread from a hawthorn tree, October 19th, 1871- I put the larva in a
glass cylinder with some leaves, and in a day or two it disappeared. There was a
quantity of very small grains of cork in the cylinder, as if the cork had been gnawed
by the larva. I concluded, therefore, it had gone into the cork, and I reserved the
cylinder to wait the resiilt. The moth emerged Jixne 21st. It seems possible from
this that it may be the habit of the full-fed larva to burrow into the hawthorn stem.
— Hfgh Colqtjhoun, Anchorage, Bothwell, N.B. : June 24,tli, 1872.

Captures at Witherslack. — In the middle of May, I made my first journey to look
for larvfe, and was tolerably successful. Owing to the weather being very imfavour-
able for collecting, only in some odd snug corner could I find any moths, and those
sparingly — Anchylopera obtusana (new to the district), Catoptria aspidiscana (2),
Bucculatrix frangulella and cristatella, and JEupithecia lariciata, being the best
captures. Of larvce, I got a fair lot of Rhodopheea marmorella, Ephippiphora signa-
tana, Teichobia T'erhuellella, Depressaria Dovglasella (two only, on wild carrot ;
emerged 7th July. This larva makes quite a large white silken gallery, and totally
different to any of the other Depressaria that I know of). I also found plenty of
Pterop. lithodactylus on Conyza squarrosa, as well as Ebulea crocealis on the same
plant, from which I have bred a fine series ; on the golden rod tephradactylus was
feeding (although so late), and I got four larva;. I found the larva of R. marmorella
on white-thorn as well as on the sloe, but only on the bushes that had lichen and I
sheeps'-wool on them : the specimens are fine and large, and so are the specimens of I
«^Hate«rt, owing no doubt to the very wet season; in fact, when collecting thein,'*"'
the sleet and snow came down fast. Of Thera coniferata, I only found a few, and
they were very small.

1872.1 67

My next journey was in the middle of June, and I came home with two days'
work (one of them being 14 hours) well laden, having filled over 300 boxes, includ-
ing 24 Etipithecia distinctata, a fine series of Coccyx vacciniccna, Phoxopteryx
siculana,biarcuana,uncana, Coleophora Wllkinsonella,gryphipennella, and virgaure-
ella, lillachista suhobscurella and suhochreella, Orac'daria hemidactylella and Coccyx
coniferana, Bucculatrix aurimaculella, Dicrorampha plumbana, a nice variety of
Emmelesia candidata, Aspilates strigillala and Nemoria viridata still out and fine
(two only, and I saw them at I'cst) ; and, strange to say, a fine aspidiscana out on
the open heath : I thought it was a small Pyratista by the flight, going along rapidly
with the wind.

My last excursion was on Friday evening last (July 2nd) . I went forward to
Grange after a hard day's work in Manchester, and took, on my way to Witherslack,
seven fine signatana, some Argyresthia mendicella, one tephradactylus, a few osteo-
dactylus, &c. I was rather too late in the evening to get a chance at Argyrolepia
luridiana. The next morning was glorious : before breakfast I took Diplodoma
marginefunctella and Glyphipterym equitella, and some Butalis fuscoanella and
Argyrolepia Baumayiniana. After breakfast, I set out for Mlana expolita on Whit-
barrow, but got among some Elachista triseriatella ; I spent two or three hours creeping
on my hands and knees, and secured a fine series. Tlie setting is one of the most
tedious jobs, as they are sucli delicate little things. Wliilst employed in this fashion,
I came across Pt. parvidactylus (very fine), Elachista adscitella, Butalis fusco-
ctiprella, and one solitary female expolita came and settled beside me (an outsider).
I hastened on to the head quarters whilst the sun was up ; no sooner had I got on
the spot than down came the rain with very little warning ; I hurriedly filled my
net with thistle leaves to have a job whilst sheltering, and from them I got a score
of larvae of Depressaria carduella. A large Sphinx came among the Seduin on the
rocks, but I could not make it out, as it would not let me get near enough ; it looked
like liiieata. The rain now made me hurry away, and I got to the Inn (about three
miles off) just in time, as the rain set in so heavily, and it blew such a wind, that
all collecting was at end, and my best time (the evening) was done for. The next
day rain, lightning, thunder, and no amendment to the hour I write. During an
hour's lull, I got a bag-full of wild carrot, and found some larvae of Depressaria
capreolella feeding. — J. B. Hodgkinson, 15, Spring Bank, Preston : Sth July, 1872.

Dicrorampha consortana and Retinia Buoliana at Preston. — I have been in the
habit of going 40 miles away to catch these insects. The former I took on the banks
of the Ribble close by here, and the latter when walking in our public park, not half-
a-mde away from my house. I got some shoots of Pinus austriaca and brought
them home, and see five fine moths out to-day. I have bred a fine series of D.
consortana from the shoots of the ox-eye daisy. — Id.

Eidophasia Messingiella near Wolverton. — On the 29th of June, being the only
fine night we have had for some time, I went to a small swamp to hunt for Tinea-,
and, amongst other species, I captured 20 Eidophasia Messingiella, several of them,
however, were much worn. — W. Thompson, 163, Stantonbury, Wolverton, Bucks :
July 1st, 1872.

6S [August,

Harli/ appearance of Colias Edusa. — Considering that most Lepidoptera are so
backward, it may be worth while noticing in the Magazine that I saw one very fresh
Colias Udusa yesterday, at Folkestone (a male, I think), oia the Eailway Bank, and
my friend, Mr. J. W. Q-ore, saw another on West Cliff. — Thos. H. Beiggs, Lincoln's
Inn : 24:th June, 1872.

marly appearance of TriphcBna suiseqiia. — In former years, T. subsequa has
invariably followed janthina, orhona, and fimbria, never occurring with me before
August.

None of the above three species have yet appeared, thongli, strange to say, I
took a female subsequa last night at sugar. It was in admirable condition, having
evidently just emerged.

I also noticed lately, hovering over Ononis, evidently depositing their eggs, many
H. marginata ; several taken with the net were, however, 'passe. A. nebulosa, N.
brunnea, ]£. hccipara, and A. ligustri rare, and this year unusually abundant at
sugar, and N. conflua is becoming common. — -G-EO. Nohman, Cluny Hill, Fon-es :
7th Julij, 1872.

'Note on the occurrence of rare Lepidoptera in the Isle of Man. — KefeiTing to
the annoimcement of the occuirence of rare Lepidoptera in the Isle of Man, in the
last number of this Magazine, page 44, I believe most entomologists will join with
me in desiring to know the details of their capture, especially as there are four
species mentioned which have not been jDreviously observed in the British islands ;
and I hope Mr. Hodgkinson will be kind enough to give yom- readers the benefit of
any information he may possess.

I have no desire to criticise the somewhat novel method which Mr. Gregson has
chosen for allowing a knowledge of the existence of these treasures to ooze out,
because so great is the suspicion and doubt through which a new species has to
make its way to public recognition, that a modest man may well shrink from facing
it ; biit the mere mention by Mr. Hodgkinson that he saw certain insects in his
friend's cabinet is not sufficient to justify their introduction into the list of native
species.

I regret to say that the prevalent disbelief of statements as to the occurrence
of new or even rare inse(?ts is more than justified by the frauds which have been
perpeti'ated through the introduction into England of large numbers of continental
Lepidoptera in the pupa state, which have been subsequently distributed as British,
doing no small damage to science by rendering the real facts of the distribution and
peculiarities of British insects almost impossible of attainment. — -Edw-in Biechall,
Airedale Cliff, Newlay, near Leeds : July 13th, 1 872.

The relationship between colour and edibility in larva. — The note on this sub-
ject by Mr. Doubleday in the last number of the Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 45, does not
appear to me to tell agaiiist Mr. Wallace's explanation of the bright colours of cater-
pillars. The law discovered a priori by Mr. Wallace, and verified experimentally
by Messrs. Jenner Weir and A. G. Butler, only amounts to the fact that brightly-
coloured, hairy, and spinous larvse are refused by a lar<ie number of insectivorous

1872.1 69

birds, and this is all that is required for natural selection. The experiments ol'
Mr. Weir, having been conducted on a certam number of species of birds, do not
proTO that the law holds good for all birds, any more than do the experiments
of Mr. Butler prove that the law is true of all other insect persecutors. The
larvae of Zygana were rejected by Mr. Weir's birds. — E.. Meldola, Brentford :
July %th, 1872.

Mimicry between spiders and Jiowers.— Yesterday, my wife noticed a lovely
spider in the blossom of a single oleander. It was ivhite, beautifully striped ivith
rose, and closely resembled the inner part of the oleander flower. I once recorded
(Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. ii, p. 14) a similar instance of resemblance between a spider
and the flower of the ox-eye daisy in Nova Scotia, in connection with an analogous
observation by a gentleman at the Cape of G-ood Hope. — B. Piffaed, Nismes :
2Qth June, 1872.

South London Entomological Society. — The Quarterly Meeting of this Society
was held on the 19th of June, to elect the Ofiicers and hear the Report read.

Mr. J. E. Wellman was elected President.

The Report stated that the list of Patrons is now complete. It contains the
names of Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., H. T. Staiuton, Esq., Henry Doubleday,
Esq., Edward Newman, Esq., R. M'Lachlan, Esq., and E. C. Rye, Esq.

Thanks were given to the Patrons for their support ; also to Messrs. Jarvis,
Newman, and Hardwicke for donations of books, to Mr. Norman for a loan to the
libraiy, and to several gentlemen who support the Society without deriving any
benefit from it.

The objects of the Society have been furthered by the purchase of a few books
for the library, and by the exliibition of numerous species of Coleoptera and Lepi-
doptera, also of preserved and living larvae ; and, in addition, three papers have been
read before the Society.

The following exhibitions have been made : Mr. Wellman — T. biundularia, N.
Lucina, and Ang. prunaria, a magnificent and varied series, bred from eggs. Mr.
Cowley — L. exigua, captured at light in the City, AprU, 1872. Mr. Rochfort — C.
obliquaria and C. chamomillcB, Wanstead, early in May. Mr. Boden — Eup. lariciata
(a variety of?), Leith Hill in May; and others. Mr. Barrett — B. roboraria, larvae
and bred imagos from Brocken hurst ; a curious bred variety of N. bella (?), larva
fovmd at Epsom in April ; A. rusticata, bred from eggs ; E. formosella and ■ II.
ntwieWa, Lewisham, June. Mr. Davis — D. Orion and A. urticce, bred; L. unita
and P. imguicula, Box Hill, May. Mr. Marsh — Monotonia ^-foveolata, Peckham,
and Emb. verbasci (recently added Hemipteron), Deal. Mr. Champion — numerous
rare and local Coleoptera. Mr. Hoey — Eup. debiliata, larvae found at Leith Hill in the
spring ; and many preserved lanrse. Mr. Chaney — B. consortaria, T. extersaria,
&e., Chatham, May. Mr. Williams — N. lucina and others, Tilgatc, June ; and
many others.

Entomological Society of London : \st July, 1872. — Prof. J. O. Westvfood,
M.A., P.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Lord Moretoii was elected a Member.

70 I August,

Ml'. Jenner Weir exhibited two examples of the rare Agrotera nemoralis, taken
bj him in Abbot's Wood, Sussex, on the 26th idt.

Mr. Meldola exhibited dwarf forms of Anthocaris cardamines, Forthesia aurlflua,
Abraxas grossvlariata, &c'. ; a variety of Venilia maculata in which the black spots
were entirely absent : and a specimen of Leucania vlteUina taken at Brighton
in 1869.

Prof. Westwood exhibited prettily banded cocoons of some species of Ichnea-
monidcB from Ceylon, each of which was attached to a silken peduncle more than two
inches in length. Also a tent-like covering formed by the larva of a lepidopterous
insect in Ceylon by cutting out a large oval piece from a leaf of Citrus, beneath
which it fed.

Mr. Miillcr exhibited pieces of the fronds of Pteris aquiUna from Weybridge,
illustrating the habits of the larvse of three species of Dij)tera. (1) folded edges of
the fronds produced by Cecidomi/ia pteridis (see Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. viii, p. 99) ;
(2) mines of some species of MuscidcB in the tips of the leaflets ; (3) rolls at the
apex of the fronds also produced by a species of Muscidce.

Mr. Dunning called attention to an article in ' Nature ' for June 20th, 1872, by
Mr. H. N. Moseley, respecting the sound produced by Acherontia Atropos. After
passing in review the opinions published by various writers since the time of Reaumur,
and stating that eleven different theories on the subject had been propounded, Mr.
Moseley detailed his own experiments which convinced him of the correctness of
Passerini's statement in 1828 as to the sound proceeding from the proboscis, and
caused by the sudden expiration of air from a cavity within the head acted upon by
elevating and depressing muscles, after the manner of bellows. Mr. Moseley
concluded by observing that " It is most extraordinary that the seat of sound should
" ever have been imagined to be any where but in the head. It would seem as if
" many writers on the subject had commenced their observations with a determina-
" tion to find some other seat for the cry."

Mr. Dunning further alluded to a letter by Dr. Leeonte in the same journal
for June 27th, respecting the parasite of the beaver upon which Prof Westwood had
founded his order Achreioptera (see Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. vi, p. 118), but which
Herr Ritsema considered as pertaining to the sub-order Aphaniptera. Dr. Leeonte
dissented from both views, and transferred the insect to the Cvleoptera as an aber-
rant family. Furthermore, he thought it probable that it was not a true parasite,
but rather an inquiline, perhaps feeding upon epidermal scales. Prof. Westwood
stated that he maintained his original opinion, and believed the creature had nothing
to do with the Coleoptera.

Mr. W. A. Lewis placed before the meeting a copy of a circular (with signa-
tures appended thereto) addressed to entomologists, urging them to ignore the re-
instatement of forgotten or obsolete names until such time as the mode of dealing
with these should be settled by a common agreement.

Prof Westwood stated that he had recently published an article in which he
suggested that a limitation of 20 years, such as regidates adverse claims to real
property in England, might with advantage be adopted in disputed eases in zoolo-
gical nomenclature.

The next Meeting, after the recess, will be on the 4th of November.

1872.

LIST OF BRITISH DOLICHOPODID^.
BY G. H. VEBEALL.

The DolichopodidcB in the first volume of Walker's " Insecta Bri-
tannica" are perhaps more carefully described than is any other
family in that work, owing principally to the attention which had been
paid to them by the late Mr. Haliday ; and, when revised by the
elaborate criticism of Loew, in his " Neue Beitrage," v, they become
very easy to name. The principal alterations in this list are the
adoption of Loew's genera and arrangement, as proposed in the Mono-
graphs of North American Diptera, and the addition of a few new
species. In Walker's work, 137 species and 15 genera w^ere described ;
I now enumerate 154 species and 34 genera. Those species marked
with an asterisk I require more information about, some of them
having been originally described from British specimens, but not
having been well distinguished.

HTaKOCELEUTHUS, Lw.

diadema, Hal.
latipennis, Fall.

DOLICHOPUS, Ltr.
atripes, Mg.
pha?opus, Wlk. (1851).

montanus, Lw. (1871).
vitripennis, Mg.
atratus, Mg.
picipes, Mg. (1824).

fastuosus, Hal. (1831).
lepidus, 8t(Bg.

picipes, Wlk. (1851).
campestris, Mg.

fulgidus, Zett.
Fallenii, Lw.

nigripes, Fall. pt.
melanopus, Mg.
planitarsis. Fall.
clavipes, Hal.

fuscipes, Hal. $ .
rupestris, Hal.
nubilus, Mg. (1824).

inquinatus, Hal. (1831).
var. Acfceus, Hal. (1831).

claviger, Sfann.
confusus, Zett.
discifer, Stann.
plumipes. Scop.

pennitarsis, Fall.
Wahlbergii, Zett.
pennatus, 3Ig.

signafus, Zett., Lto., Schin.
popularis, W.
signatus, 3Ig. (1824).

argent if er, Lw. (1859).
urbauus, Mg.
acuticornis, W.
longicornis, Stann.
lineatocornis, Zett.
linearis, Mg.
nitidus. Fall. (1823).

jucundus, Hal. (1833).
griseipennis, Stann. (1831).

nitidus, Hal. (1831).
siguifer, Hal.

punctvm, Wlk. [nee Mff.'\.

pictipennis, Whlbg. (1850).
sabinus, Hal.
simplex, Mg. (1824).

tlialassinus, Hal. (1831).

virgultorum, Wlk.
arbustorum, Stcmn.
festivus, Sal.
trivialis, Sal.
? agilis, Mff.
brevipeuuis, M^.
equestris, Sal.
seneus, J)e(/.

ungulntus, Auct.

GTMNOPTEENTTS, LtO.

nobilitatus, L.

joco, Snrris.

ludicrus, Sarris.
principalis, Lio. (1861).

civilis, Koto. (186S).
nigricornis, Mg. (182-i).

gracilis, Stann. (1831).
ebcerophylli, Mg.
germanus, W.
nigriplantis, Stann.
iiigripenuis, Fall.
atrovirens, Iao.
cupreus, Fall.
angustifrons, Stceg.
celer, Mg. (1824).

sarus, Sal. (1831).
metallicus, Stann.
serosus, Fall.

var. Dalilbomi, Zett.
assimilis, Stceg.
nauuB, Mcq.
parvilamellatus, Mcq.
*pr8etextatiis, Sal.

TACHTTRECHTJs, Stann.
notatus, Stann. (1831).

flumipes, Sal. (1831).

litoreus, Sal. (1833).
consobrinus, Wlk. (1851).

plumipes, Mg. (1821) [nee Fall.].
insignia, Stann.

ORTHOCHILE, Ltr.

nigrocaerulea, Jjtr.
WaUceri, Rond. ?.

HEECOSTOMUS, LlO.

fulncaudis, Wlk.

[August, 187:-'.
HTPOPIITLLTTS, Iao.

discipes, Ahr.
obscurellus, Mg.
cretifer, JF/X:. '(1819).
ahitifer, Wlk. (1851).

ANEPSIUS, LlO.

flaviventris, Mg.

AEGTRA, 3Icq.

diapliana, F. (1787).

versicolor, Mg. (1824).

hirtipes. Curt. (1835).
confinis, Zett.
argentina, Mg.

semiargentella, I>on.
argentata, Mcq.
leucocephala, Mg. (1824).

fulgens,Sal. (1831).
elongata, Zett.

STNTORMON, Lxc.

Zelleri, Lw.
denticulatnm, Zett.
pumilum, Mg.
tarsatum, FaU.

STNARTHRUS, Lw.
PLECTROPUS, Sal.

pallipes, F. (1794).

? decoratus, Sal. (1831).
monilis, Wlk.

RHAPHIUM, Mg.

longicorne. Fall.

XIPHANDRIUM, LlO.

fiesum, Lw.
caliginosum, Mg. (1824).

macrocerum, Mg. (1824).
monotrichum, Lw. (1850).

macrocerum, Zett. (1849).

caliginosum, Sal. (1831).
appendiculatum, Zett. (1849).

cupreicm, Wlk. (1851) [.^^ Mcq.].

macrocerum. Curt. (1835).
brevicorne, Curt. (1835).

dissectum, Lio. (1850).
faeciatum, Mg.

September, 1872.1

POUPIIYROPS, M(J.
PERITHINUS, Hal.

anteuiuitus, Carl.
spiuicoxus, Lw. (1S50).

communis, Wlk. (1851) [/ Mfj.]
fascipes, Mg. (1824).

insulsus, Hal. (1831).
nemorum, M^.
pectinatus, Lw.
consobriuus, Zeff. (1848).
fuhipes, Wlk. (1851) [_? Mg.'].

rujipes, Hal. (1833) ^f Mg.'\.

rijyarius, Hal. (1831) [nee Mg.
elegantulus, Mg. (1821).

Wilsoni, Curt. (1835).
crassipes, Mg.
gravipes, Wlk.

MACH^EIUM, Hal.

SMILIOTUS, Lw.

maritimse, Hal.

APHBOSYLUS, Wlk.

raptor, Wlk.
celtiber, Hal.
fcrox, Wlk.

THIXOPHILUS, JVhlbg.
flavipalpis, Zett.
ruiicoriiis, Hal.
versutus, Wlk.

LEUCOSTOLA, Lw.

vestita, W.

EUTAKSUS, Lw.
aulicus, Mg.

DIAPHOKUS, Mg.

nigricans, 3Ig. (1821).

obncurellus, Zett. (1843).
oculatus. Fall. (1823).

flavocinctus, Mg. (1824).
Winthemi, Mg.

CHKYSOTUS, Mg.
cupreu!?, Meq.

Xiviixi^, W.

ueglectus, W. (1817).

femoralis, Mg. (1824).

viridulus, Fall. (1823).
graniineus. Fall. (1823).

copiosus, Mg. (1824).

TEUCHOPHORUS, Lw.

spinigerellus, Zett. (1843).

ilavicoxa, Mg.? (1824).
calcaratus, Mcq.

STMPTCNUS, Lw.
cirrhipes, Wlk.
annulipes, Mg. (1824).
pulicarius, Wlk. (1851) [.'' Fall.'].

CAMPSICNEMUS, Wlk.
CAMPTOSCELES, Hal.

scambus. Fall. (1823).

prodromus, Mg. (1824).
curvipes. Fall.
loripes, Fall.
armatus, Zett.

prodromus, Hal. (1831) [iiec Mg. ] .
pvisillus, Mg.
alpiuus, Hal.

LIAKCALUS, Lw.

virens. Scop. (1763).

regius, F. (1805).

formosus, Hal. (1831)
laoustris, Scop'.

SCELLUS, Lw.

notatus, F.

HYDROPUORUS, Wlllbg.

uebulosus. Fall. (1823).

conspersus, Hal. (1831).
bipunctatus, Lelim.
borealis, Lw. (1857).

binotafus, Zett. (1849).
baltic'uy, Mg.
litoreus, Fidl.

rSepteniljer,

viridis, M^. (1824).

prcBcox, Wlk. (1851) \nec Lehn.'].
bisetus, Lio. (1857).
incBquaUpes,Wlk.{1851) [necllcq.] .

ACHALCITS, LlV.

ciuereus, Wlk. (1851).

jri/gmcFus, Zett. (1855).
flavicollis, Mg.

MEDETEBUS, Flsch.

Jaculus, Fall.
truiicorum, Mg.
diadeiua, L.
tristis, Zett.
*muralis, Mg.

THETPTicus, Gerst.
bellus, Lw.

CnRYSOTIMUS, Lw.
molliculus!, Fall.
conciunus, Zett.

XAJ^TIIOCULORUS, Lw.
LEPTOPUS, Sdl.

ornatiis, Hal.
tenelbis, W.
*bicolorellus, Zett.

NEURIGONA, Boild.
SAUCROPUS, Lw.

pallida, Fall.
sutii rails, Fall.
qiiadrifasciata, F.
*Ericlisonii, Zett.

psiLOPUS, Mg.
psiLOPODius, Rond.
platypterus, F.
"VViedemaiiui, Fall.
lougulus, Fall. (1823).

higens, Mg. (1824).
*obscuru8, Mg.
Isetus, Mg.
coutristaiis, W.

The Mulberries, Denmark Hill, S.E. : Juli/, 1872.

DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OP
EXOTIC PSOCID^.

BT R. m'lACHLAN, F.L.S.

This paper may be looked upon as a coiitiimation of one by me
published in the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. v, pp. 345 — 352
(1S6G). Having recent!)' had a number of species from Ceylon (sent
by Mr. Thwaites to Prof. AVei^twood) placed in my hands for deter-
mination, I decided upon describing some new forms among them, and
including, with these, others from my own collection. All the species
are from the Asiatic continent or islands. An outline figure of the |
neuration of the new genus is added ; and it is very desirable that the
whole of the described genera should be treated in this way, for I
know by experience how difficult it is for a student commencing an
investigation of the PsocidcB .to follow desc7"i])tions of the neural
characters wilhoul the aid of figures.

1872.1 75

One word of advice to collectors, — do not card Fsocidce ; such a
practice cntaik double labour upon liim wlio liaa to determine them,
as the neuration can only be traced with difficulty in carded speci-
m(^.us.

Psocua 5-PUNCTATUs, n. sp.

P. riffescens Z (Corporis colorcs Inccrtcje). Alee liyalincd : anticce
fascia Intcrrupfd ohUq^iid paullo ante medium, nebula in pterostigmatc et
in ceJluM discoidaJi, 2nc7ictisque quinque i7i cellulis apicaJihns, griseis ;
ptcrostifjmuts elongato-tria^igulare ; venis fuscis, discaJibus nonnulUs
paUidis : posticce h/alince, immaculatcc, venis fuscescentihits.

Exp. alar. 5 Un. (=10 mill.).

Hab. : Ceylon (Thwaifes). In Mus. Oxon.

The specimen is flattened and mounted in balsam, hence the
colours of the body, &c., are uncertain. The species is decidedly
allied to the European P. Q-punctatus, Linn. ; it may also, probably,
have some affinity with the Ceylouese P. circularis. Hag., which, how-
ever, is much smaller.

Psocrs cLAiirs, n. sp.

P. aJbidus. AntcnncB nirjrae, nigro-pilos(B ; articuUs duobus basali-
bus alhidis. Oculi nitjri, late nigro-cincti. Palpi pedcsq^ue albidi, lii
articulo ultimo tarsorum fuscesccnti. Thorax viacuUs qainquc nigris,
nitidis, ornatus. Abdomen vix fusccscens. Alee liyalince, immaculatce,
elongates : anticce pterostigmate valde elongato, lineari, vix flavido-tincto ;
venis marginibusque nigris.

Exp. alar. 5f Un. (=lli mill.).

Ilab. : Cejlon {Thwaites). In Mus. Oxon.

Evidently allied to P. elongatus, Hag., from the same island.
Differs in its paler colour, in its uniformly pale mouth and palpi, the
wholly pale legs (excepting the apical joint of the tarsi), the live
black spots (one on each lobe) of the thorax, &c. Owing lo the
elongate anterior wings, the discoidal cell appears to be placed very
near the base. The mai'gins and most of the veins aj)pear io bo
somewhat thickened, and lience cons^picuously blaclv. .

PSOCUS MALAYANUS, U. sp.

P. pallide flavo-griseus. Antennae alis longiores, nigrce, nigro-
pilosce ; articulis duobus basalibus omnino, 3" (^ad apicem exeepto),
4" — 6" ad basin, Jlavidis. Palpi articulo ultimo fuscesccnti. Caput
infra oculos macula triangulari fusca signatum. Thorax maculis

^Q [September,

quinque nigris ornntus. Pedes pnllide Jlavidi, tarsis ad apicem fusces-
centihus ; Jemoribus posticis extus obsolete fusco-llneatis. Alee liijaJintE,
immnculatcB, elongates : anticcB pterostigmate valde elongnto, lineare,
pallide fumato ; venis marginibusque fuscis.

Exp. alar. 6\ lin. (=11 mill.).

Hab. : Sula {Wallace). In Mus. auct.

Also allied to P. elongatus, but differing from it, as does P.
clarus, by the paler colour of tbe body, aud tlie distribution of tbe
dark markings of tbe legs, bead, &c. Apparently more cdoscly allied
to elongatus tban to clarus. I possess four examples.

Note 1 : — Psocus cosmopterns, McLacb., Trans. Ent. Soc. 3 ser., vol. v,
p. 350, can only be regarded as identical witb P. taprobanes.
Hag., of wliieb it is a slight local modification. I have it also
from Bengal, and it is probably distributed throughout the East.

Note 2: — Psocus longiconiis, Fab. Pour examples (1(^, 3 ?) taken
by Capt. Lang at Masuri, North India (7000 feet), in June, do
not appear to differ in any way from European specimens,
thus indicating a very wide range, which it is jirobable is the
rule with the majority of the species of Psocidce.

C^CILIUS PICTIPEJSTNIS, U. Sp.

C. nigcr. Ant ennce pallide Jlavidee, graciles. Caput rufescens ;
labro nigricante. Thorax nigcr, suturis albidis. Abdomen nigricans.
Pedes albidi ; tarsorum articulo ultimo fuscescenti. Alee anticae ad
apicem ellipticce ; dimidio fere basa^i nigro, nitido, albo-guttato, dimidio
apicall hyalino ; fascia sub-pterostigmaticali, limboque a2)icali fascia?
ad mnrgineni inferiorem conjuncto, testnceis ; pterostigmate elongato,
sublineare, intus nigro-notato ; celluld libera marginali se/iti-circulari ;
venis in dimidio basali nigris, apicali pallidis : posticce dimidio basali
fumato, apicali i/galino.

JExp. alar. 3i lin. (=6-i- mil!.).

Hab.: Ceylon (Thioaites). In Mus. Oxon.

Quite distinct from any species yet described.

AMPHIPSOCUtS, n. g.

Characteres fere nt in Cacilio; sed pterosfigmn venam abbreinatam,
haud vence furcates conjunctam, emittit.

The foregoing brief diagnosis indicates that the species upon
which 1 have founded ihis new geiuis is in some respects intermediate

1S7-2.J 77

between CcsciJiiis and Sfenopsociis. With tlae former of these it
agrees in its open discoidal cell, and the arrangement of the jiosterior
marginal cellules, but differs in the abbreviated transverse vein from
the lower angle of the pterostigma
(indicated by a in the figure) end-
ing abruptly in the membrane
about half-way towards the forked
vein beneath it, thus indicating
some affinity with Sfenopsocus, in
which this sub - pterostigmatical

vein is continuous ; but the latter genus has a closed discoidal cell.
The tarsi are 2-joiuted.

Psocus palliafits, Hagen, which is at present unknown to me, has
a similar abbreviated sub-pterostigmatical vein, but a closed discoidal
cell. It probably forms the type of another genus.

Amphipsocus pilosus, n. sp.

A. griseo-alMdus. Antenncs paUide jiavidce, valde ■piloses. Caput
plerumque rosaceo-siiffusum, macula intense rosacea pone oculos sig-
iiatiim. Oculi ^ modices, ^ p>arvi. Palp)i pallidi, articulo ultimo nigro-
terminato. JMesothorax hirsutus, maculis nigris magnis tribus ornatus.
Metatliorax ntrinque fusco-signatus. Abdomen griseo-flavidum, rosaceo
vel purpureo-maculatum (colores mufati). Pedes pallidi, valde pilosi ;
tibiis nigro-punctatis. Alee hyalincd : anticce elongato-ovales, ad apicem
dihitatce- ac fere semicirculares ; venis longe pilosis, plerumque Jlavidis,
nonnuJlis nigris, apicem versus paullo Jlexuosis ; celluld libera marginali
triangnlari; pterostigmate elongato-triangidare, rosaceo-suffuso, puncto
nigro interiori signato.

Exp. alar. 4^ lin. (=9 will.).

Hab. : — Northern India. In Mus. auct.

I have five examples of this pretty species, three of which were
taken by Capt. A. M. Lang at Masuri, in the month of June.

Note 3 : — A type specimen of Psocus cJiloroficus, Hag., shown to me
by Baron de Selys Longchamps, has a decidedly different
neuration to that of Psocus (as restricted), there being a
closed discoidal cell, but only three marginal cellules instead
of four : it will form a new genus. ( ^ e.wv' ? S^ C M 9 S-<AJ.^

Note 4 : — The type of the insect described by Rambur as Psocus
pedicularius is very curious, and has nothing whatever to do
with the Linnean species of that name {binotatus, Eambur).

~y [Seiitcinber,

It irt probably exotic, having been introduced with plants, or
by some other means. The tarsi are 3-jointed ; two complete
marginal sub-apical cellules, an elongate free cellule, and behind
this (nearer the base) a supernumeraiy cellule. Certainly
forms the type of another new genus, (f VjAA^^fxavt^A**. )^f>

Note 5 : — Psocns roseKs, Hageu, is placed by him, in his ' Psocinorum
• synopsis synonjanica,' in the restricted genus Psocns. This is
an error, according to a drawing sent by him to me in 18(50.
It should be placed in Ejiipsocus.

Lcnvisham : July, 1872.

MIMICEY IN THE COLORS OF INSECTS.*
BT DE. n. A. HAGEK.

Having observed that in treating of the interesting phenomena
of mimicry, writers have used indiscriminately very different factors,
I shall try to give some preliminary ideas which I do not find pub-
lished, and w^hich I believe will be useful in explaining this interesting
subject.

It will be best to consider the color and pattern separately.
There are three different kinds of colors : viz., colors produced
by interference of light, colors of the epidermis, and colors of the
hypodermis. All three may either be wanting, or all three, or two
of them may occur together in the same place.

Colors produced by interference are produced in two different
ways ; first by thin superposed lamella?, as in the wings of Diptera,
Neuroptera, &c., without any other color, as in hyaline wings, or
connected with other colors as in the scales of Eiiitmus and others.

There must be at least two sujDerposed lamella3 to bring out
colors by interference, and there cannot be more than four, as both
wings and scales consist only of four layers, two internal belonging to
the hvpodermis, two external belonging to the epidermis. In fact, if
scales taken from dry specimens of Entimus are observed under the
microscope, many partly injured can be found, which give different
colors according to the layers of the lamellae which remain.

Secondly, colors by interference are produced by many very fine
lines or striae in very near juxtaposition, as iu Apatura and other
color-changing insects. Colors by interference may perhaps be some-
times also produced iu the same way as in the feathers of the dove's
neck, by very small impressions situated near together.

*This article is reprinted from the 'American Naturalist' for Ji;ly, 1872, pp. 38S-S93. The
MS. copy was kindly sent to me by the aiithor for publication in this Magazine ; but the reprint
is here given, because the Auier. Nat. probably had the benefit of the author's personal coirections
for press.— R. McLachlan.

1S7-2.] • 79

The colors produced by the interference of light are only optical
phenomena, differing in this respect from the other colors of the
body, the epidermal and hypodermal colors.

The epidermal colors belong to the pigment deposited in the cells
of the chitinized external skin, the epidermis. These colors are
mostly paetallic blue, green, bronze, golden, silver, black, brown,
and perhaps more rarely red. The epidermal colors are very easily
recognized, because they are persistent, never becoming obliterated
or changed after death.

The hypodermal colors are situated in the non-chitinized and soft
layer, called hypodermis by Weismann. They are mostly brighter and
lighter, light blue or green, yellow, milk white, orange, and all the
shades between. The hypodermal colors in the body of the insect
fade or change, or are obliterated after the death of the insect. A
fresh or living insect w^hen opened may easily be deprived of the
hypodermal colors simply by the action of a little brush. I said
hypodermal colors in the body, because there are hypodermal colors
which are better protected, being encased nearly air-tight, and there-
fore are more easily preserved even after the death of the insect. I
refer to the colors in the elytra and wings, and in their appendages,
the scales. The elytra and the wings are, as is well known, at first
open sacs in communication with the body, of which they are only
the extension : of course they are formed of the epidermis and hjq^o-
dcrmis which become so strongly glued together after the transfor-
mation into the imago state -that a maceration of years tried by me
showed no effect at all on such wings. This fact is very interesting,
as it explains how wings, and even colored wings, can be found in
palaeontological layers in good preservation. The destruction of
insects, which is so peculiar to the secondary strata in England,
proves, as I believe, that the bodies of the insects must have floated
a very long time before they were deposited. It is quite a rarity to
find well preserved insects there, although many very well preserved
wings even of lace-winged flies have been described.

There is an interval after the transformation before the mem-
branes of the wings become inseparably glued together ; it is at this
time that the finishing of the colors takes place. For instance in an
JEsclina, a LihelJula depressa or trimaculata, if the wing is cut off at
the base, the two layers can be easily separated by manipulation
under water, and the wing can be inflated with a little tube by sepa-
rating the bordei's with a knife. T can show specimens so pre|)ai'('(l.

gQ [Septemtier,

But tliis is only possible as long as the wings possess the appearance
of having been dipped into mucilage, an aj^pearanee which is well
known in young Odonata.

The scales have just the same development as the wings. At
first they are little open sacs, communicating with the hollow of the
wing and the whole body, and at a later period are glued together
like the wings themselves.

In the wangs and in the scales the hypodermal colors are formed
and finished before the wings stick together, and by this means they
are well preserved and safely encased. They have no more communi-
cation in the glued parts with the interior of the animal, and are
preserved in the same way, as if hermetically inclosed in a glass tube.
There are even here in the wings and scales many epidermal colors,
chiefly the metallic ones ; but all the brighter colors (for instance
the somew^hat transparent spots in the elytra of the Lanqyi/ridce,
Cicindelidce, &c., and m the greater number of Lepidopiera) are, a^ I
believe, hypodermal colors.

Pinally, there sometimes occurs outside of the animal, that is, on
the epidermis, a kind of color which I consider as hypodermal color,
such as the pale blue on the abdomen of many Odonata, the white on
the outside of many Hemipfera, the jiale gray on the elytra and thorax
of the Goliathus beetle, the powder on Lixiis and others. Some of
these colors are very easily resolved in ether, and are apparently a
kind of wax. I believe that these colors are produced by the hypo-
dermis and are exuded through the little channels of the pores
( Poren Cancdle) .

The hypodermal colors are very often different in males and
females of the same species, the epidermal colors rarely differ so far
as I know ; but there are genera with prominent epidermal colors
which are nearly always different in different sexes, viz., Calopfen/x,
Lesfes, some Hymenoptera, &c.

It would be interesting to know the different colors of the
epidermis in such cases. So far as I know the change seems to be
between related and not between complementary colors. But my
observations are far from having any conclusive importance. The
same investigation would be necessary for the hypodermal colors.

The hypodermp.! colors may change or be altered in some way in
a male or female during its lifetime, by sexual or other influences.
The epidermal colors never change. By sexual influences yellow is
changed into orange, brown into red, and e^en sometimes more
clianged. By other influences, for iiistMiice liy cold in hibernation.

1872.] . ■ 81

pale yellow is changed into red {Chri/sopn). The hypodermal colors
can be changed even by a voluntary act of the animal, and the new
colors disappear again (Cassida). The hypodermal colours are the
only ones on which the animal has any influence either involuntarily
by the action of the nutritive fluid or voluntarily. The epidermal
cells are placed entirely outside of any influences of the animal, when
once established. It will perhaps be possible to prove that the so-
called mimetic colors are all hypodermal colors.

The hypodermal colors seem to be produced by a photographic
process (I know no better expression), the epidermal colors by a
chemical process of combustion or oxidation. Would it be possible to
prove that by a photographic process even the colors of the surround-
ing world could be transmitted, a great step towards an undertaking
of the phenomena would be given. The fact of course is very proba-
ble, at least in some instances.

In observing the mimicry, the pattern of an insect must be
clearly separated from the color. In fact the pattern is not the
product of an accidental circumstance, but apparently the product
of a certain law, or rather the consequence of certain actions or
events in the interior of the animal and in its development. The
proof is very easily afforded by the regularity of the pattern in a
genus, or a family of insects. If studied carefully and comparatively
the pattern in a genus is the same or is only more or less elaborated.
The number of such families is so exceedingly great that some example
wall readily occur to every one.

Moreover, a certain and constant pattern can be found for the
head, a different pattern for the segments of the thorax, and a
different pattern for the segments of the abdomen. This pattern is
in the different segments of the abdomen {Hymenopiera, Dipfera,
Neuroptera, Orthoptera) always the same, only more or less elaborated,
and less finished in the first and last segments. In some way, the
same is true for the thoracic segments.

In some few instances, I was able to observe how the pattern is
produced. In the Odonnta (Dragon flies), at the moment of trans-
formation, the thorax is transparent, and shows no colors at all. At
this time, the muscles are without importance, and in process of forma-
tion. The thoracic muscles, as is well known, are, in the Odonata, very
powerful, and also very extraordinary as regards the shape of their
.tendons. Just along outside the muscles are dark lines more or less
well finished, and resulting from the action of the mia spoi; Jlhi^
irritafio, {hi affjuxns. I believe that it would not be un at there is a

g2 ' [September

to conclude that a powerful action in the development o£ the muscles
is in such a case the cause of a greater combustion or oxidation in the
neighboring parts. In fact, on the head of a Cicada, on the abdomen
of an ^schna, we find similar patterns, in some way mostly represeait-
ing the underlying muscles. In the G-omph'ma, the fact is striking,
and far more, as the stronger species mostly possess a large dark
pattern. There are some very small species which are almost entirely
yellow ; there are no small species entirely black.

Should the fact, w^ith the explanation, be admitted, a step farther
in the explanation of the different patterns would be made. I know-
very well that in the Odonafa there are patterns which do not agree
with my explanations, even some contrary to it, but if some certain
facts be explained, there are perhaps more factors still unknown or
unobserved. The explanation given for certain facts would still be
admissible, or at least not entirely objectionable.*

The patterns on the wings and elytra could not be the product
of the action of muscles, but I believe it to be probable that the
sudden rush of blood or even air, by the accelerated circulation" and
respiration in the act of transformation may have the same effect.
In this way some patterns, otherwise not, explicable, could be under-
stood. The eye-spots in the caterpillars of some PapilionidcB have ■
been ascertained by Leydig to be epidermal colors, and I believe that
the various kinds of eye-spots in the wings of the imago are also
• epidermal colors. If a stream of blood meet a small obstacle just in
the centre, a funnel is formed ; if this obstacle be a ring, and behind
it another obstacle, we have two or more funnels, one in the other,
and the section of them will be circular or elliptical according to the
angle at which they reach the surfaces. Such j)atterns in the elytra
and wings are formed or preformed at the time when the wing is a
sac ; sometimes before the transformation, and here is another cii'cum-

* So far as I know the literature relating to the phentimena of mimicry, all these related
differences are often confused, and I believe that in separating them, and following the views
above given, many facts would be better understood, and this interesting subject more easily
advanced.

Besides all the difficulties which oppose a clear and correct view, there is one more which I
do not find mentioned, i. e. the so-called color-blindness and the different degrees of it. Prof.
B. A. Gould, in his excellent work ' Investigations on Anthropological Statistics of American
Soldiers,' has given attention to it in a very remarkable chapter. " Persons who cannot distin-
guish ripe cherries upon the tree, or strawberries on the vine, by their color are far more numerous
than would be suspected. Serious misunderstandings and even calamities have been reported in
the army, resulting from mistakes in the color of green and red light by officers of the signal
corps." He gives the statement that usually one in twenty, and m the soldiers examined one in
fifty, was subjected to color-blindness. But these numbers show only the extremes, and it is
easy to believe that a much gi-eater number are more or less affected with it. In fact, we have no
means of measuring this physiological difference : if two persons call something green, and even
compare the color with certain known objects, there is no proof at all that they see just the same
color. I th'*--' , at it would be prudent, in describing cases of mimicry, especially when they are
».»x+-".^>^<-<- mtt t; to forget that even the best observer may be unaware of this infirmity, and in
1 1 T-i irities on color-blindness always state that the greater number of persons have

changed. Ky-rmity.-ii. a. h.

1872.] 83

stance which explains some patterns. The walls of the sac are sud-
denly augmented and strongly dilated in the transformation. Small
patterns preformed in the sac will also be altered and enlarged by the
same process, and I know that many patterns of Lepidopterous wings
are in such a way very easily explained. All the w aved lines of the
wings and other marks belong here, and as the ribs or nervures seem
to grow faster in transformation, the waved appearance would be
explained. In fact the greater part of the patterns seem to be pro-
duced by expansions or distraction of the pattern preformed in the
wing at some period before the transformation.
Cambridge, Massachusetts.

DESCEIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW EXOTIC EROPALOCERA.
BY W. C. HEWITSOK, F.L.S.

(Seliconidce) .
Cltkas teanslucexs.

JJl>per-side. ^ : transparent white, tinted with yellow near the
base ; the nervures black, the margins dark brown, broad on the
outer margin of the j^osterior wdug. Anterior wing with a minute
w^hite spot on the costal margin at the end of the cell ; the second
median nervule thickened as it approaches the outer margin.

Under-side as above, except that there are some minute indistinct
white spots on the outer margin near the apex and anal angle of the
anterior wing, and a sub-marginal series of distinct white spots in
pairs on the posterior vdng. Antennge orange, wdth the base black.

Exp. 3| inch. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley).

This and the five following spp. are in my own collection.

Heliconia Choaeina.

Upper-side black. Anterior wing tinted with blue, with an irro-
rated ray of w^hite from the base ; crossed beyond the middle by a
curved irregular band of eight white spots, and by a sub-marginal
band of white spots. Posterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a
broad band of eight yellow and white spots, and by a sub-marginal
band of eight small white spots in pairs between the middle of the
wing and the anal angle.

Under-side as above, except that it is rufous-brown, that the ray
from the base of the wings is broader, and has below it a spot which
is attached to the last spot of the central band, and that there is a

84 [September,

marginal series o£ wliite spots in pairs ; also that the posterior wing
has the base of the costal margin white, and is crossed before the
middle by a transverse band of the same colour.

Exp. 3fo inch. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley).

This adds a third species to that small and very rare group repre-
sented by H. Hecuha and Cassandra which so much resemble Titliorea,
Humholdtii and Bonpla7idi. It is most nearly allied to Cassandra.

(NijinpliaJidcp) .
Diadem A Euhama.
Upper-side. ^ : dark brown. Anterior wing rufous at the base,
marked by eight black spots, six of which are within the cell ; crossed
from the costal margin beyond its middle to near the anal angle by an
irregular, narrow, oblique band of rufous-orange, broken into spots
below the median nervule. Posterior wing rufous, marked near the
base by nine or ten black spots : the nervures and lines between them
black : the outer margin dark brown.
Under-side as above.
Exp. 3tu inch. Hab. Angola.

Allied to D. Euri/fus and Dolomena : the anterior wings, how-
ever, are much narrower, with the outer margin sinuated ; — in fact,
more like an Acrcsa, and nearly resembling fig. 28 of A. Euri^ta in my
'Exotic Butterflies.'

(Satijridcs).
Debis Deliades.

Upper-side white. Anterior wing with the costal margin from
the base to the middle, the whole of the cell and a little beyond it, a
triangular spot between the first and second median nervures near
their base, the apex (where it is broad, and marked on the costal
margin by a small trifid w^hite spot and two small black ocelli, each
dotted with white) and the outer margin (where it is deeply sinuated
on the inner border) and a round spot near the anal angle, all dark
rufous-brown : a sub-marginal line of dark brown. Posterior wing
crossed beyond the middle by a series of seven blind ocelli : the first,
second, third and fourth large, the others small : a sub-marginal series
of lunular brown spots : the outer margin rufous-yellow, bordered on
both sides with black.

Under-side as above, except that the anterior wing is nearly
white, the spots on the upper-side being scarcely visible ; that the
posterior wing has perfect black ocelli, each with a white centre and
rufous iris, and that the sub-marginal lunular spots are also rufous.

1872. 85

Exp. 2to inch. Ilab. Darjeliug (Roberts).

This is a remarkable species, and cannot be compared in colonr
with any other butterfly.

Debis Dolopes.

Upper-side. $ : rufous-brown. Anterior wing crossed from the
costal margin beyond its middle to a little above the anal angle by a
band of paler colour, straight until it reaches the sub-median nervule,
where it makes an angle inwards. Posterior wing tailed : crossed by
a sub-marginal band of five blind black ocelli bordered with dull
yellow, the middle ocellus much smaller than the rest.

Under-side. Both wings rufous-brown to beyond the middle,
crossed by a continuous common band of dark brown bordered out-
wardly by Ulac-white, the margin of the brown sharp and well defined :
the wing beyond it rufous-white. Anterior wing with four scarcely
visible ocelli : posterior wing with seven ocelli, which are small and
black, each with a white centre and yellow iris bordered with brown,
the first and fifth largest.

Exp. 2i inch. Hab. Darjeling (Roberts).

Lasiommata Ltrnessa.

Upper-side. ^ : dark rufous-brown ; the ocelli of the under-side
very indistinctly visible.

Under-side dark rufous-brown, crossed beyond the middle by a
transverse band from the costal margin to near the anal angle, at first
narrow and white, afterwards broad and rufous ; a sub-apical ocellus
with white centre and rufous iris : a sub-marginal black line. Pos-
terior wing crossed from the apex to the anal angle by an indistinct
straight band of white with three ocelli above it, two (scarcely visible)
near the costal margin, one (larger) near the anal angle, all centred
with white and with rufous irides, the larger ocellus bordered with
dark brown and again with paler colour, and above it an arched baud
of brown.

Exp. 2 inches. Hab. New Caledonia.

(Lyccenidae) .

loLAUS Ingres.

Upper-side. ^ : body and wings of a brilliant cerulean blue.

Anterior wing with the space from the end of the cell to the apex

and costal margin and bounded below by the second median nervule,

black. Posterior Avin<r with two tails.

g(j [September,

Underside brown. Anterior wing cerulean bine from tlie second
median uervule to tlie inner margin, which has a fringe of long black
hairs. Posterior wing with a very indistinct sub-marginal band of
linear, lunular spots margined outwardly near the anal angle by paler
colour : a black spot crowned with orange near the base of the tails,
a similar black spot at the anal angle crowned with pale blue : the
sjiace between the spots irrorated with blue.

Exp. Ito inch. Hab. unknown.

This beautiful species has been kindly lent to me by Mr. Druce,
to be figured in the next part of the "' LyccBiiidcB.''''
Oatlands, Weybridge : August, 1872.

Change of Nomenclature. — ^The genus Phloeophilus (script. Phloiophilus in error)
of Stephens, of wliicli. the British Edvjardsii apparently remains the sole exponent,
having been published in lUustr. Mandib. iii, 1830, is three years anterior in date
to Phlreophilus (Anthribidce), characterized in Schonherr's Cure, i, p. 15G, 1833.
The latter must, therefore, be re-named, and I propose to call it Lemmophilus, —
a word of the same signification. — E. C. Rye, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney, S.W. :
August, 1872.

Notes on captures of Coleoptera in the New Forest. — At tlie risk of repetition, I
send a few notes on the Coleoptera observed, during a fortnight's stay at Brocken-
hurst, from the middle of June to the beginning of July, in company with my friend,
Mr. J. S. AUin, thinking that, although nothing very rare occurred to us, they might
prove interesting to some of the readers of the Magazine.

I again found most of the species recorded by me in E. M. M., vol. viii, p. 85,
but failed to obtain more Emus or Colydium (my principal quests), not for want of
looking ; but several other species occurred that I had not observed in my previous
visits.

I could not come across any oaks fit to work, in spite of tramping many miles ;
and, to this, I suppose must be attributed, the absence of the better oak feeding
species from my not very extensive list ; nor could I find any good Cossws-iufectcd
trees.

Stalking flowers, day after day, flxiled to produce Antliaxia .- I suj^pose we were
too late for it.

All the wood we could find to work at were two young dead beech trees (which
were very productive), a few logs occasionally, and the usual " moors " or stumps.

Felled trees are not left about for years on the gi-ound (the woodmen tell me)
as they used to be some years back, in Turner's time ; consequently beetles are
difficult to obtain ; in fact, two or three hard days' work in the forest produced
almost nil.

The better species we found I note below : —

Notiophilus rufipes ; Pterosticlius lepidus (rarely) and dimidiatus (pretty com-
monly) in sand-pits. Calosoma inquisitor, on old sugar ; Cychrus rostratus, swept
up ; Homalota elcgantula, Bris., one specimen swept off fern towards evening ;
Mycetoporus clavicornis, by evening sweeping ; Philnnihus splendidulus, tolerably
common under bark and in rollen wood ; Stenus lustrator, two or three specimens

187-2 ] 87

swept off fern ; Protinus atnmarius, by evening sTreoping ; Evplectus Devnyi, mrely,
under bark ; Scydmmius exilis, under bark ; S. denticornis imd angtdatus, by exening
sweeping ; Amphicylliis globus, with one specimen of a small pale unieolorous variety,
by evening sweeping : Liodes orhiculariK, two or three by evening sweeping ;
Anisotoma nigrita, usually somewhat rare (seen alive for the first time here by me)
seemed generally distributed over the forest, and not rare, as by sweeping from
sunset till dusk, in the rides of the plantations, we managed by hard work to secure
a good number, generally about a dozen in the two or three hours we worked for it
of an evening, and it was far commoner than calcarata. A. dvhia and litura and
Cyrtusa pauxilla (m-inuta, W. C.) also occurred sparingly. Colon hrunneum, a few,
in company with the ^?? 150^07)103 ; Phalacrus suhstriatus, one specimen, swept up;
Meligethes pedi''ularius, which seems to be the commonest species of the genus
(except, of course, ritfipes, ceneus and picipes) in the New Forest, as it occurred
freely by sweeping in the rides of the enclosures ; M. umbrosus, Ips femigineus,
Rhizophagus cribratus ; Thymalus, tolerably common in its usual habitats. Synchita
mediolanensis again occurred sparingly, under the bark of a small standing but
dead beech tree. LoeniophlcBus bimaculatus, two or three, Lathridius carbonarius,
a few, and Biploccelus fagi. The latter species (seen by me alive for the first time)
occurred in quantity, in company with the three preceding species, under beech bark,
apparently preferring the looser part, especially near the ground. Trachys troglo-
dytes, one specimen, by casual sweeping; Microrhagus pygmceus, a few specimens by
sweeping fern, &c. ; — one little patch of long grass invariably producing it. Elater
elongatulus ; I swept up, off fern, a single $ example, which sex is very much larger.
than (J , and apparently rare in British collections. Atlious rhombeus, two or three
specimens, dug out of a rotten oak log. Corymbites bipicstulatus, by sweeping.
Sericosomus brimneus ; rarely swept up. Malthodes dispar rarely, and M. atomus
commonly, by sweeping in plantations. Dasytes niger ; this scarce species, which
occurred to me very rarely last year, turned up in quantity one very hot day,
in flowers of Helianthemum vulgare, Pote')itilla reptans, Leontodon taraxacum and
Hieraciam, on the banks of a dry ditch, outside a young plantation of Scotch fir ;
it seemed very local, as I had been about the forest a week and had only picked up
two or three specimens previously. A second visit to the locality only produced a
few specimens, owing, perhaps, to it being very windy at the time. It also occurred
very rarely on stumps, in which I expect it breeds. Aspidophorus, swept up rarely.
Salpingus ater, by sweeping. Ahdera bfasciata, rarely, by sweeping. Phloeotrya
Stevensii ; we found about a dozen of this, with many more in the earlier stages,
in one rotten oak log. Connpalpus testace us ; I managed to secure a good set of
this by chipping away at the rotten, large broken-off oak boughs, and also in the
decayed part of the trunk, near the ground, of a standing oak ; I have also bred
two or three, since I have been back, from pupae taken. This species was not accom-
panied by Vigorsii. Tnmoxia bignJtata, tolerably common, as before, running about
in the hot sunshine, and settling on stumps and logs. Tychius 5-punctatus, tolerably
common, by sweeping two species of vetch in plantations ; one day I took about 40
specimens on one small patch of the plant ; but it is very difficult to secure in
good condition, more than half of the specimens taken being rubbed at the time of
capture ; it is also very wiry-legged, wanting to remain in laurel some time before
it will set easily. Of Rhinoncus denticollis I swept up three or four specimens,
in company with the Anisotomoe. Coeliodes subntfas, occasionally by sweeping.
Tomicus Saxesenii, by sweeping. Strangalia nigra, tolerably common in flowers, &c.
Leptura scrdellata, a number, dug out of the same stump as that in which I found
it last y«ir. Anoplodera sexguttata, rarely, in flowers. Chwtocnema confusa, by

§§ [September,

sweeping. Engis Immeralis, a few specimens under bark of beech, in company
with Synchita. — G. C. CnAMriON, 274, Walworth Eoad, London, S. : August 2nd,
1872.

Cicada anglica, Curtis. — I took two specimens of this rery conspicuous insect
in the open forest near Broekenhurst, flying about with a considerable whii-ring noise
in the hot sunshine, and settling on fern. — Id.

Capture of Lasiosomv,s enervis, H.-Schf., near Chatham. — In the middle of last
July, whilst sweeping for beetles on the chalk near Chatham, I captured a single
example of Lasiosomus enervis, recorded as British in E. M. M., viii, p. 26, on the
authority of a single specimen taken by Mr. Wollaston (locality unknown) . The
same day I brushed up two sporadic examples of CeutJiorhynchideus hepaticus, and
Choragus Shepherdi, Trachyphloeus spinimanus, &c. — Id.

Duration of the egg-state of Chrysopa septempunctata, Wesviael. — The fifteen
ova, laid between 9 and 9.15 p.m. on the 16th instant, mentioned ante, page 61,
hatched between 7.50 and 8 o'clock on the evening of the 24th instant. The larvae
spent the following night in one congregation ; in the morning they separated,
taking no further heed of each other. — Albert Mtjller, South Norwood, S.E. :
July 31st, 1872.

Hemerobius inconspicuus (McL.) at Rannoch. — Mr. W. C. Boyd, who made an
entomological excursion to Camachgouran early in July, had the kindness to pin for
me some miscellaneous Neuropterous insects. Among them was one example of this
very distinct, but little-known species. It is, unfortunately, no longer in existence,
having, with others, been destroyed by some unknown marauder in my setting-case.
— E. McLachlan, Lewisham : lOth August, 1872.

A new British Crambus. — I have pleasure in recording the capture by my friend,
Mr. C. A. Briggs, of an example of Crambus verellus, Zk., a species new to tlie lists
of this country, aud the place of which in its genus is immediately after C. falsellus.
It was taken on the 21st Jidy last, at Folkestone. The localities given by Staudinger
are Q-ermany, France, and Galicia. Mr. Briggs has kindly enriched my collection
by presenting me with the specimen. — Howard Vaughan, 54, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C. : August 1st, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Great Yarmouth. — ^A specimen of V. Antiopa was taken last
Friday evening on the Caistor Road, Yarmouth, by Mr. John Ilallett Wliite. A
strong easterly wind had been blowing in-shore for about 24 hours previously. —
A. G-. Butler, British Museum : 2dth July, 1872.

Plusia orichalcea at Glanville's Wootton, and other captures of Lcpidoptera. —
The following arc the best of my captures since April : — Eubolia lineolata, Theristis
ca^ldella and Gelechia brizelli in South Devon during May. Anchylopera diminutana
was absolutely the only thing to reward me during the wet and cold month of June.
In July, however, I took here on the 13th, a most beautiful specimen of the rare Plusia
orichalcea off the flowers of meadow-sweet ; the species had not occiuTed here for 20
years. I have also taken Aplota palpella, Teichobia Vcrhuellella, Gelechia subocellea,
&c., &c. — C. W. Dale, Glanville's Wootton, near Sherborne : Isl August, 1872.

18:2.1 S9

Notes on colleciing bi the fen-district. — Some spare evenings devoted to collect-
ing in tlie fens round Norwich last summer produced such satisfactory results, that
I am induced to think a few notes on them may not be uninteresting.

The spring being cold and the season late, my first visit was not till May 29tli,
■when I had the gratification for the first time of seeing Papilio Machaon at large in
its favourite haunts. It must be confessed, however, that its appearance when on
tlie wing is not equal to what might be expected of so fine an insect. It has much
of the fluttering liabit of the Pierides, and when fljang about and settling on the
flowers of Pedicularis paliistris—a, favourite plant — is hardly noticeable at a
moderate distance. On this occasion the wind was strong, and probably prevented
them from flying fi-eely. A female rising from some plants of Peucedanuni palustre
guided me to the discovery of a couple of eggs on the under-side of the leaflets.
Close by was a lovely larva of Orgyia gonostigma (wlaich produced as ugly a $ moth
in June), but, except a stvaj PJuclidia glt/phica, and a yellow $ Clef sis rusticana
which would keep down among the long grass, nothing more wfts to be obtained.
The wind was altogether too cold.

A week later, although the weather continued cold, a few Micros began to ven-
ture out whei'cver a few bushes afforded shelter from the north wind, and I took my
first specimens of the pretty little novelty, Phoxopteryx pahtdana, along with P.
siculana, Penthina marginana, Ckauliodus lUigerellus and Bucculatrix frangidella.
The Peucedaiium afforded half-a-dozen more eggs of Papilio Machaon, the rearing of
which has given no little pleasure to kind friends in distant parts of the country.

By the middle of June, insects were a little more plentifid. Phoxopteryx pahi-
dana was accompanied by P. suharcuana, both being almost confined to the wettest
open places among the shorter rough grasses, Pedicularis, Spliagmim, &c., and as
neither could be induced to show themselves till late in the afternoon, and even then
kept among the herbage, hiding at the roots when pursued, it was a difiicult task to
secure a decent series. At the same time, P^upceciUa griseana appeared pretty com-
monly, and, very rarely, E. notulana. Penthina marginana had become common ; a
very beautiful variety of Sericoris lacunana — blackish, with lustrous lines — which
seems peculiar to the fen district, was occasionally to be met with, and a few of the
larger species, such as Sydrelia unca and Acidalia immutata, had begun to appear.
Of the Tineina, Nemophora metaxella (which afterwards became very common),
Elachista cerussella and paludum, and Bucculatrix cidarella flew in the shelter of
the alder bushes, and Glyphipteryx cladiella, Gelechia acuminatella, Lithocolletis
quiuqueguttella, and the lovely little Cosmopleryx Lienigiella among the reeds, dwarf
sallows, &c., in the open parts of the fen. In the tops of the dwarf sallow {Salix
repens ?) were larva of Clostera reclusa and Semasia popnlana, and on the leaves of
Hupatoriuni cannahimun the cases and large white blotches of the larvae of Coleo-
phora troglodytella. On the same leaves was occasionally to be seen the lovely
longicorn beetle, Agapanthia lineatocollis, with its beautifully annulated antenna)
extended in front.

June 27th was a white letter day with me. As usual, the wind was cold, but
by good fortune I spied, on a blossom of Carduiis palustris, a small, neat, narrow
winged Glyphipteryx — not Fischerella ; and, by searching the flowers and sweeping
the rushes, I soon obtained a tolerable series. This proved to be G. schrenicolella,
originally found by Mr. Boyd at the Land's End, and, as far as I am aware, never

90 . [September,

taken since, until I met with it in this distant locality. Then then- was a great
treat — the first sight of a living Hyria auroraria, and a more lovely creature one
need not wish to see. But the most extraordinary part of the day's woi'k was after
the cold wind had fallen ; then, in a part of the fen ankle deep in water, creeping up
from the tufts of a small rush, and fluttering among the reeds, was Schaenohius
mucfonellus in swarms. There must have been hundreds of them, nearly all males,
and their flight lasted from 6 till 8 p.m. Their flight is fluttering and very weak,
they never seem to rise above the tops of the reeds, and at the least alarm, tumble
headlong into the thick tufts of rushes. At the same time, Chilo phragmifellus was
flying commonly in dryer parts of the fen.

On July 1st, Sericoris concliana made its appearance, and with it the first lovely
specimens of S. Douhledatiana (E. M. M., vol. viii, p. 246), but they were rare, and
little else was to be found except a specimen or two of Syria auroraria and Lobo-
phora sexalata ; and the afternoon being warm and enervating, I was glad to sit
down on a convenient tussock of Carex and enjoy the delicious perfume of the Fragrant
Orchis [Gymnadenia conopseci) growing around. Then was illustrated the proverbial
lack of lazy collectors, for a snowy atom which came lazily flying by, proved to be
Opostega auritella. As it grew dusk, Herminia cribralis flew up from the grass, and
Collix sparsata, Scotosia vetulata, and Pterophorus microdactylus among the alder
bushes, where also Dianthoecia cucuball and other Noctuee were attracted by the
flowers of Lychnis jlos-cucuH.

A fortnight later, Padisca oppiressana was to be found on the trunks of poplars ;
Ilyria auroraria showed a strong preference for certain spots where the herbage was
half choked with Sphaynam ; Sericoris Doubledayana and concliana weve not scarce,
Buccidatrixfrangidella was still out, and I saw (and lost) a specimen of the splendid
little Cosmopteryx orichalcea. It was sitting on a grass culm, and skipped from
blade to blade through the thickest tufts, but would by no means submit to capture.
Long and earnestly I searched, but never saw another. At dusk, the first specimens
of Lithosia miiscerda, stramineola and griseola appeared, with Niidaria senex ; and,
after dark, a lovely pair of Scotosia tindtdata (rare here), with S. rhamnata and
vetulata; Leucania straminea on reed, and Poedisca semifasciuna flying among the
alders.

The next day, the Norwich Naturalists' Society took boats for a row on the
broads (expansions of the river which extend into the fen), but Society excursions
are not favourable to hard work, and little turned up besides single specimens of
Lobophora sexalata and Cidaria sayittata. We saw, however, one of the remaining
stations of that rare Norfolk fern, Lastrea cristata, in a place so admirably concealed
that, without the assistance of the fen men, it would be next to impossible to find it.
The ground near by was covered with Lysimachia nummularia in fullest bloom, the
pretty marsh vetch {LatJiyrus palustris) blossomed among the rank herbage, and
the lesser reed mace (Typha angustifolia) fringed the shore.

On Jidy 19th, the second brood of Fhoxopteryx subarcuana began to appear,
and Oelechia rufescens, gerronella and ligulella, and Coleopliora vimineteUa were
out. Worn specimens of Sericoris Doubledayana were plentifid, with Crambus
uliginosellus and selasellus pretty common. All these were driven into hiding by a
violent storm of rain between 7 and 8 p.m., but directly it was over, Nonagna des-
pecta, 'Eudorea pallida, and Opostega crepusctdella flow in abundance. After rain,
■ however, collecting becomes exceedingly difiicult, as the reed leaves carry so much
water that the net requires wringing every few minutes.

1872.] 91

LaLor in July and in the beginning of August, Lithosia niuscerda became quite
common, %ing about the alder and sallow bushes at dusk ; L. slramineola and
griseola were much less plentiful, the latter being, curiously enough, the scarcest of
the three ; but Nudaria senex abounded so as to be a nuisance, and Acidalia emar-
ginata was pretty common. PericalUa syringaria also occurred, with Eiqnsteria
heparata and JSupithecia tenuiata and siibfulvata. Apamea fibrosa and Epunda
viminalis flew at night, and Senta ulvce came to the lantern at midnight. The light
also attracted various Toririces, such as Peronea hastlana, Dittda semifasciana, and
Pcedisca semifiiscana in considerable variety, as well as Pteropliorus microdaciylus.
At this time, the second broods of Phoxopteryx paludana and siculana appeared,
flying at sunset, as well as Peronea Shepherdana among its food-plant, the meadow-
sweet. By energetic and persevering sweeping of the alder bushes, a fine series of
the lovely little Bohemannia qiiadrimaculeUa was secured ; one specimen of Gelechia
suhdecurtella, and two more of Opostega auritella occurred, flying before dusk ; and
Elachista paludum (second brood), Lithocolletis stettinensis , Acrolepia pygmaana,
Laverna rhamniella and Depressaria conterminella all appeared. Crambus uligino-
sellus was still common, flying at sunset, but badly used by repeated storms of rain
and wind ; and in the beginning of August its congener, C. sylvellus, began to appear.
A couple of dragon-flies, carrying on rival collecting operations, fell victims to their
temerity, and proved to be a scarce species, ^schna rufescens.

At this time the fens are being mown, and the larvse of Papilio Macliaon being
fully grown, are constantly found by the mowers. These men say that they know
directly they have disturbed one by its strong scent, which they compare to rotten
apples. It is, however, much more like that of the pine-apple, and is given off very
powerfidly when the larva, by pressure between the thumb and finger, is induced to
protrude the forked tentacle from its second segment. It would seem as though
this perfume was voluntarily given off when it is alarmed by the sudden cutting of
its food-plant. At the same time, the handsome larva of iSiiiiyra veno.sa is occasion-
ally to be found feeding on reed {Aruiido phragmites).

On August 16th, I joined my j-oiuig friend Mr. Frank Wlieeler, at the fen. He
had been there all day, and had taken specimens of the (partial) second brood of
Papilio Machaon on the wing, and also the larva of Orgyia gonostigma. When we
had worked together for some time, he called my attention to a Noctiia sitting on a
reed stem, which I instantly recognised as a $ Nonagria brecilinea in decent condi-
tion. This might be called (in classic language) a sell for me, especially as wc both
worked long and fruitlessly for more. A few Crambus sylvellus occurred at sunset,
Nemotois mlnimellus and Glyphipferyx schcenicolella (second brood) on rushes, and
Gelechia muscosella and sororvuleUa flying. At night, worn specimens of Lithosia
niuscerda condescended to patronize our sugar, as did Noctua uinhrosa and Apamea.
fibrosa.

Later in the month, Semasia jiojjulana made its aj)pcarance, and I found one
specimen sitting in an open flower of the lovely grass of Parnassus {Pariiassia
pal list ris). A second or third brood of Penthina marginana was out, and I picked
up a specimen of Laverna phragmitella, fiying (a most unusual circumstance for
this lazy species) near some plants of Typha latifolia.

At tliis time, stray specimens of a second brood of Schxiiobius mucronellus made
their appearance, and plenty of Phibalapteryx ligiiata. — C'liAS. G. Baebett, Nor*
wieh ; VltJi 3Ia/i, 1872.

02 [September,

Description of the larva of Cloantha solidaginis. — For the opportunity of making
acquaintance -with thia long wanted larva, I am indebted to the kindness of Mr.
Q-eorge Norman, of Forres, who sent me two eggs on the 25th of April last. These
hatched in a day or two, and the newly-emerged laryte were of a dark slaty-green
colour, with the head dark brown. By May 4bh, they had attained to a quarter of
an inch in length, the ground colour being purple, with the dorsal and sub-dorsal
lines pale grey, the (rather broad) spiracular lines white, and the skin shining. By
May 24th, half an inch had been reached, and the ground colour had changed to a
very dark chocolate-brown, with broad, bright yellow, spiracvdar stripes, the narrow
dorsal line being then of a pale slaty-blue. Several days after this, one of the larva; died :
the remaining one, however, fed on satisfactorily, and by June 4th, its colour had
again considerably changed, the ground being dark purplish-brown (darker on the
sub-dorsal than the dorsal region, which had a faint pink tinge), the head dark
brown, smooth and shining, the dorsal stripe dark brown, with a distinct pale bluish-
grey central line, but no perceptible sub-dorsal lines, only a broad, clear, pale yellow
stripe along the spiracular region ; the spiracles and trapezoidal dots grey, and the
ventral surface, legs and prolegs of a unifoi-m dark pui-plish-brown. By the middle
of June, it was full-fed, and the adult larva* may be described as follows : — •

Length about 1^ inches, and of average bvdk in proportion. Head globular,
the same width as the second segment. Body cylindrical, and of nearly uniform
width throughout, being attenuated very slightly towards the head. Skin smooth
and soft.

The groimd colour dark olive-brown, strongly tinged with puq^le. Head
smooth and shining, pale brown ; the front of each lobe dark sienna-brown. Dorsal
line dull slaty-blue, edged with smoke-colour ; no perceptible sub-dorsal lines, but a
broad, clear pale yellow stripe along the region of the spiracles, edged on the upper
side with a very fine black line, on M'hich the reddish-brown spiracles were placed.
On the front of the second segment, a conspicuous black mark, and a transverse
black mark on the hinder part of tlie twelfth segment. Trapezoidal dots very
distinct, pale yellow. Ventral surface purplish-brown, tinged in the centre with
green, gradually becoming darker towards tlae pale spiracular band. Legs brown
and shining.

The larva, both in the adult and earlier stages, is very beautiful ; tlie single one
reared went down o:i June 19th.

At first, the larvae fed on whitethorn ; Init, on being supplied witli bilberry,
evidently preferred that plant, which is, in all probability, the natural pabulum of
the species. — GrEO. T. Porritt, Huddersfield : Ang'ist lOtli, 1872.

Natural history of Carsia iwhntata. — For eggs of tliis species I am indebted to
Mr. E. Birchall and Mr. G-. T. Porritt, who sent me a good supply in August, 1871.

These eggs were kept out of doors through the winter, and the larva> began to
hatch towards the end of April, 1872, — that is to say, some of them did so ; a great
many must have died in the egg, and many more soon after hatching, for in the first
week of May I found but two alive. The wintry time in April, succeeding tlie moi-e
open weather of the preceding months, was, I believe, the cause of this mortality,
a!id before long killed also one of the two survivors ; and yet it has so often happened

1872.1 93

of latotliat I liave had to caiTy on m\ investigations with a single larva out of a
numerous brood, that perliaps I ought not to blame the weather so much as some
fault of my own, — possibly my bungling may be one link in the chain of causes
wliich work together in the natural selection of the individuals, whose looks and
doings get chronicled in this Magazine.

My one larva oiimhutata grew slowly, feeding on Vaccinium vitis-idcBa at first,
and afterwards on V. oxycoccos, kindly sent me by Mr. Birks, until June 16th, when
it spun up ; the moth appeared July lOtli.

The egg is not remarkable ; it is of an obtuse oblong shape, flattened, with
scarcely any gloss on the shell, which is neither reticulated nor pitted ; the colour at
first pale yellow, afterwards deeper yellow, and not changing much again wheii the
larva is near hatching.

The young larva is dull yellowish or greenish, with a j^inkish head, and with fine
dorsal, and broader sub-dorsal brownish lines ; as it grows, it becomes of a tender
greenish-yellow, and the lines more reddish, assimilating in tints to the young leaves
of the food-plant, with their reddened edges and tips ; afterwards, by degrees, the
whole back of the larva becomes brownish, leaving the under side still yellowish.

The length of the full-grown larva is not quite five-eighths of an inch, the figure
somewhat stoutish, uniform in bulk throughout, but its habit of holding the head a
little downwards and folding all the anterior legs close up to it, gives a clubbed
appearance to the thoracic segments when seen sideways, the back of those segments
being arched or humped up ; the colour all over the back to near the spiracles is of
a rather deep browmish-red, with a very fine dorsal and sub-dorsal line of blackish-
red ; along the spiracular region is a broad, brilliant yellow stripe, separated on the
thoracic segments from the red above by a black edging, but this only appears faintly
! at the segmental folds for the rest of its length ; this broad yellow stripe is blotched
at the folds between segments 6 — 10 with beautifully softened blush-like spots of
red, the black spiracles standing in the clear yellow spaces ; below this, comes a line
of blackish-gi'ecn, very fine on the thoracic segments, undulating in its course, and
thickening at the folds, becoming gi-adually tinged with red, till at the tenth seg-
ment it is a red stripe ; the belly is pale greenish-yellow, with a central paler line,
bordered by darker lines ; tlie head is dull pinkish-red on the top, paler than the
colour of the back, becoming paler still near the moiith ; the ventral legs are
pinkish-red ; the anal legs brownish-red like the back, with a yellow line down
them ; the usual dots are small in size, yellow, ringed with brown.

From the look of the young larvaj, I was led to believe that, had I reared more
than one example, I should have seen some variety of coloviring.

When I foiuid my larva ready to change, I put it into a large chip box, with
about lialf-an-inch of fine loose soil, and it spun its cocoon under this, attaching it
to the bottom of the box ; the cocoon is very weak, being formed of particles of soil
spun together with not much silk ; the pupa is slender in form, three-eighths of an
an inch in length, the head-piece distinctly shaped, the antenna-cases ending in a
little bifid projecting knob or spike, the skin shining ; the colour of the head and
wing-case was probably somewhat olive-brown when the insect was within, the
abdomen of a moi'e reddish-brown.

The imago I bred was i"athcr small, but most beautifully coloured. — J. Hellins,
Exclcr: Aurjiist 8th, 1872.

94 ' [September.

Extract from Dr. Lahoulhene's opening address as President of the French Ento-
mological Society. — Let us re-commence our labours, confident in the future. Let
us insist upon working unexplored fields ; let us seek the best subjects for study ;
let us renounce devotion to doubtfid species estaljlished on simple varieties.

The orders of insects other than Coleoptera and Lepidorptera are too much
neglected. May our young colleagues adopt these neglected orders by preference ;
may their labours make known to us all the Orthoptcra, Neuroptera, Diptera, and
Hymenoptera of our country. Let us sincerely abstain from making descriptions of
all aberrant varieties, at the end of which one reads the stereotyped phrase — " This
is perhaps only a variety of such a species."

■The Micro- Lepidoptera are more S'^ught for than formerly, but how much have
we yet to do to make them well known ! I ask our lepidopterists to quit the beaten
track of the large species for the unknown, and so attractive, world of small ones.

That which we must have, especially among such of us as live in the country, is
patient observers of the manners of insects. On this, entomological science is estab-
lished. The best executed ' faunae ' are only descriptive catalogues, and means by
which to recognise species, of which the history is only rendered complete and
definite by statements of the earlier stages and habits. The description of larvse and
metamorphoses does as much for science as that of the perfect insects. Methodical
classifications will be finally established on life-history, and not on a single state of
the insect.

One word more, gentlemen, to tell you that we ought to aim at the progress of,
and seek to niaintain, the elevated rank we occupy in Zoology ; but let us remember
that sterile agitation is not veritahle progress.

(Printed in the bulletin of the French ' Annales ' for 1872, p. iv. Most of Dr.
Laboulbene's observations are equally applicable to entomologists of any nationality.
— Eds.).

New names for a long knovjn Lcpidoptcron. — In the last Number (August, 1872)
of the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' Mr. A. G. Butler describes and
figures a new genus and species of the family Nolodontidai. The genus is named
Tarsolepis ; the species T. remicauda.

The same insect, however, is already figured (in 1806) by J. Hiibner, in the
second volume of his ' Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlingc ' (plate 197) under the
name Crino Sommeri ; and, as belonging to the Noctuce genuince. Herrich-Schseffer
(Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter ausser-eurojjaischer Schmetterlinge, p. 11)
changed the generic name, as used before, to Crinodes, and placed the insect in the
family Notodontina. Walker, on the other hand, in his ' List of the Specimens of
Lopidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,' part xiv (1858),
p. 1346, brings the genus Crino, Hiibn., to the Noctuid family Ophiusidaj, which,
however, is rectified in the ' Stcttiner entomologische Zcitung ' for 1862, p. 477,
by K. Dietrich, who regards it, and most justly, as a Notodontid genus, nearly
allied to the genera Fhalera, H.-Sch., und Datana, Walk.

I have seen five specimens of Crinodes Sommeri, Hiibn. ; four females in the
collection of the Koyal Museum at Leyden (placed, under the name cilaminata, de
Haan, i. 1., in the genus Ngsialca, Gn., at present also a Notodontid gcnu^), and one

1872. 95

male in Mr. P. C. T. Snellen's collection at Eotterclam, all sent over from Java.
Walker (l. c. p. 1348) makes mention of a specimen from Eio Janeiro in Mr. Fry's
collection.— C. Eitsema, Leyden : August lOi/i, 1872.

Noies on a pa-per entitled 'Die schiveizerischcn Arten dor Bienen-gattung Antld-
dium,'* [issued^ by Walther Schmid, Oherfoerster. — "Heft" No. 9, vol. iii, of the
' Mittheil. der. Sehvveiz. entomol. Ges.' contains a paper imder the above title, of
wliich Herr Walther Schmid is given as the author, and upon -vrhieh I wish to make
some observations. In these I will endeavour to shew Herr Schmid every favour,
so far as is consistent with the obligations dvie to the memory of the late Dr. Imhoff,
who laid the foundations of what I know in entomology, which may not be very
great, but still is sufficient to recognise the literary performance of the hand that
built it up, even when, as in the present instance, that performance appears to have
been " improved upon " by others. Hymenopterists in general, and the writer in
particidar, would be glad to know if Herr Walther Schmid has vised MSS. notes in
the handwriting of Dr. Imhoff, or if he is prepared to assert that the above paper
from beginning to end is his own original work. If no answer be forthcoming to
these two queries, people will draw their own conclusions.

In the meantime, it is advisable to place the following facts on public record : —

(1). Herr Schmid paid a visit to the house of Dr. L. Imhoff after this gentleman's
death, and obtained permission to look over such of his literary remains as
concerned entomology.

(2). Herr Schmid had access to the types labelled and named by Dr. Imhoff, and
deposited in the Museum at Basle.

(3). Herr Selimid, previously to the publication of the paper in question, has not
published a single scrap on entomology.

Viewing the aforesaid paper in the light of these facts, what do we find ? — First
tokens of the most abstruse knowledge of a genus, the individual species of which are
not easy to determine ; and, secondly, plain signs that the veriest tyro in entomo-
logical matters has "had a finger in the pie." Tokens of special knowledge are also
displayed in parts of the introduction, while other parts, such as the enumeration of
the literature considted, shew an unskilled hand at every turn, unless, indeed, we
charitably call such slips as " Kirby, Monographje," "fabric?«s," "St. Feargeau,"
etc., errors of the press. f But for one thing the printers cannot be made answerable,
namely, for the absence of all reference to the works of Nylander, Eossi, Jurine, and
Linne, and of omissions like these no man of Dr. Imhoff 's attainments could have
been guilty. These and similar defective portions I willingly admit as being Herr
Schmid's own doing, while, on the other hand, I emphatically ask who has written
pp. 451 — 462 ? I shall be glad to learn that these pages represent the original
thoughts and composition of Herr Schmid, and not, as I fancy, in part posthvmious
notes by Dr. Imlioff.

On pp. 462 — 474 we have the descriptions of 14 species of Anthidium, and of
the allied Stelis nasuta, Latr. In reference to these descriptions, it will be well to
remember that they have probably been written out from the original types, as

* cf. a companion paper by Dr. L. Imhoff : ' Die schweiz. Arten der Gattung Andrena,
Mittheil. Schweiz. ent. G.' ii, p. 33. — A. M.

t The ' Mittheilungeii ' are, nevertheless, conspicuous for such mistakes. — Eds.

C)Q [September, 1875.

labelled by Dr. ImhofP ; indeed, in the case of A. curvipes, Imh., this is distinctly
mentioned, althongh any allusion to Dr. Imhoff's labelled types is studiously
avoided elsewhere. The question I put to Herr Schmid here is, has he named the
species he describes, or has he relied entirely upon the types labelled by Dr. Imhoff ?
A distinct answer to this query will save much trouble to future investigators. By
what appears on the surface, it seems as if the latter method had suited his con-
venience best ; or, if he has critically tested the descriptions of the various authors,
wh}' not give the synonymy ? Its absence in the majority of cases is a great draw-
back to the usefulness of the paper.

Dr. Imhoff's name is mentioned three times only in the whole paper; surely
he had a greater share in the collection of specimens than this figure shows. It
woidd have been scant justice to a Hymenopterist of great fame to have acknow-
ledged even such assistance.

Twice in the course of the paper " unsere Museum Sammlung " is mentioned,
but it nowhere appears ivldch of the (20 odd) Museums of Switzerland is meant. It
is, therefore, needfid to explain to strangers that Herr Schmid lives at present at
Basle, aijd that Dr. Imhoff's tj'pes are kept in the Museum of that town, as I have
said before.

At p. 470, we read imder A. ohlongatum, " Meine reichlich gelben Arten stammen
meistentheils aus dem Unterwallis, die dunklern aus der hiesigen Gregend, doch
fand ieh hier [where ?] schon dunkle und helle zusammen in copula." Surely,
instead of "Arten," Ilerr Schmid meant to say " Stiicke ;" else the phrase has no
sense in its present connexion. A species is not a specimen. The locality is, I pre-
sume, Basle.

The paper is accompanied by a folded double plate, owned to by Walther
Schmid, and the authorshiji of which nobody who sees it is likely to dispute with
him. — Albert Muller, South Norwood, S.E. : July, 1872.

Dbituiirn.

Coleman T. Eohinson. — The American entomological publications have lately
recorded the decease (the resvdt, we believe, of a carriage-accident) of Mr. Robinson,
the late President of the American Entomological Society. He was born in the
State of New York in 1838, and, after having finished his education, and made a
tour in Europe, &c., commenced business on the New York Stock Exchange, from
which he retired a year or two since, having already amassed, it is said, an immense
fortune. Notwithstanding his business engagements, he had acquired considerable
entomological reputation through his papers on North American Lepidoptera, pub-
lished chiefly in conjunction with his colleague Mr. Qrote (with whom he visited
this country about two years since), and he had recently turned his attention greatly
to the TortricidcB. A list of his separate writings, from the pen of Mr. Grote, is in
the ' Canadian Entomologist,' vol. iv, No. 7.

His prematiire death is a great loss to entomological science, and will be deeply
felt by his American colleagues. The Society of which he was President has of late,
we regret to say, shown signs of a want of that vitality which characterized its
commencement, — the result, probably, of limited funds. It is to be hoped that the
loss sustained by Mr. Robinson's death may not further depress its energies.

October, 1872 ] 97

NOTES ON HETEROMERA, AND DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW GENERA
AND SPECIES (No. 1).

BY F. BATES.

Aetenis, mibi, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1868, p. 309.

It was suggested to me Ipy Dr. Le Conto, wlien going through my
collection, that this genus should, by its elongate metasternum and
winged condition, be placed with the Epitragides of Lacordaire. Dr.
Miiklin, in the Stett. ent. Zeit., 1S72, p. 247, has also expressed the
same opinion, giving as its nearest ally the genus Sphenaria o£
Menetries. I still think, however, that this genus cannot be removed
from the vicinity o£ Evaniosomus, Gruerin. The narrow, elongate
head, with its supra-orbital carena ; the strongly produced epistoma,
uniformly continuous with the front ; the elongate and very prominent
antennary orbits, which are rigidly marked off from the rest of the
head by a deep sulcus ; the elongate palpi ; the prothorax, with its
pronotum continuous with its flanks ; the elongate, slender tarsi
(having the first joint of the two jjosterior pairs much larger than the
last) channelled beneath and ciliate with short, spiniform hairs ; are
strong characters j^ossessed by this genus in common with Evaniosomus.
The eyes are certainly much larger, and are approximate beneath.
The elongate metasternum and the wings are also exceptional ; but
even these characters are met half-way in the genus GJiorasmius (a
genus I have proposed— Trans. Ent. Soc, 1868, p. 310, note — to re-
ceive Evanioso7nus p'Tocerus, Er.), which has the metasternum nearly
double the length, as in Evaniosomus, and the wing-cases open (not
connate). I possess, moreover, a second species of Aryenis {A. Unagi,
niihi i. I.), which still more closely approximates this genus to Clio-
rasmius, and, through the latter, to Evaniosomus.

I think it will be found that Lacordaire throughout his work has
attached too much value to the relative length of the metasternum as
a character in classification ; certainly, to remove Argenis from close
proximity to Evaniosomus would be a violent severance of very natural
affinities.

Ancylopoma, Pascoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 354.

This genus must be referred to the Heterotarsides of Lacordaire ;
it should be placed after Ancedus, Blanch.

AcANTHOSTERNUS, Moutrouz., = Diphgrrhguchus, Eairmaire.

This opinion, however, is dependent on the genuineness of so-called
types I had fi-om the collection of Done.

98 [October,

Aniaba (Dej.) Lacorcl., = Cenoscelis, "Wollaston, Aniarits, Gemminger,
Ilolaniara, Fairmaire, = Eutochia, Le Conte.
This genus of JJlomides was first briefly characterized by Lacor-
daire (Genera, v, p. 336, note [1859]) under the name given by
Dejcan. This name being already in use, Le Conte, in his Classif.
CoL N. Amer., p. 238 (1862), substituted that of Eutochia. Wollaston,
in his Col. Hesp., p. 179 (1867), described his genus Cenoscelis,'^ which
he doubtfully referred to the tribe Pedinides (group Platyscelides) of
Lacordaire. Gemminger, in his great Catalogue, alters Lacordaire's
name into Aniarus : and, lastly, Fairmaire, in the Ann. Fr. 1871, p.
43, apparently not knowing what had been done before him, gives the
name of Ilolaniara to the genus.

On-qstereiius, Pascoe, Journ. Entom., ii, p. 451.

This genus, referred by its author to the Pedinides, must be re-
moved to the group Nyctozoilides of Lacordaii'e. I jDOSsess an unde-
scribed genus {Ilypocilihe, mihi i. I.) from Australia, which clearly
associates Pascoe's genus with Nijctozoilus, Guerin. This is another
of the many instances in which apparently peculiar and isolated forms
are brought into harmony by further discovery,

Teichosternum, AVollaston, = TricJiojjodiis, Mulsant.

ExEEESTUS, mihi, = BJiinandrus, Le Conte, teste Le Conte.

It is qviite possible also that PJ. Jansoni, mihi, := P. elongaius, ,
Horn.

Iphthimus cancellatus, Montrouz.

Belongs to the genus Dcdiius, Pascoe.

Ntctobates orcus, Pascoe.

Belongs to the genus PLypaulax, mihi.

Tenebeio Ceotchi, Wollaston.

This is not a Tenehrio, but belongs to the Ulomides, and will form
the tyj)e of a new genus (Pelleas, mihi i. I.), which should be placed, I
think, near Ulosonia. It is the Tenehrio parallelus of Dej. Cat., p. 226.

DoLiEMA, Pascoe, Journ. Entom., i, 1860, p. 50.

The Adelina pilana,^ Le Conte, of which I possess a type specimen,
belongs to this genus, which must be placed near SifopJwyus, Mulsaut.

* The singular form of the last joint of the labial palpi in this gen\is is peculiar to the 6 ; a
similar peculiarity iu this organ exists in th.e <J of the cognate genus Oiigocara, Sol.— F. B.

t If it should be proved that Fabricius' species of the same name (Harold and Gomminger's
Catalogue, yi. 1987) ia a true Dolicma, then Le Contc's name will require changing. — F. B.

1872] 99

SlTOPHAOUS SOLIEBI, Mills.

I have no doubt that this is identical with the Sypogena compla-
nata of Dej. Cat. p. 220 ; and it is more than probable that the
Adelina f armaria of WoUaston is also the same species.

Odontopus phtsodes and aspeeatus, Pascoe, Ann. Mag. of Nat. Hist.,
1871, p. 355.
Both these species belong to Dr. Miiklin's genus Aspidosternum,
a genus of Strongyliides. The O. pJ/i/sodes I more than suspect to be
the same thing as the Lngria cerugiiiea of Gerstacker, Peters' E-eise,
18G2, p. 295, t. 17, flg. 9.

Odontopus speciosus, Pascoe, I. c, p. 356, note, = Aspidosternum

cganewn, Maklin.

ScoTJEUS, Hope, and Euctetus, Pascoe.

Gemminger and v. Harold, in their Catalogue, have sunk the
latter genus under the former, although the two are as distinct as
well can be. It is difficult to conceive on what grounds these authors
have, in this and a multitude of other cases, proceeded ; it looks very
like mere guess-work.

Adelium teiste, Montrouz.

Is a species of Arcothymus, Pascoe.

Steongylium ^]srEUM and Mulsanti, Montrouz.

These will form a new genus very closely related to Tltcena,
Erichs. ; they have no relation with Strongylium.

Steongtlium vieidipenne, Montrouz.

Is very near to, if not identical with, Charlothvca, Pascoe.

15, Northampton Square, Leicester :
September 1th, 1872.

INSTEUCTIONS FOR THE COLLECTIOlSr AND PRESERVATION OF
NEUROPTEROUS INSECTS.

BY EOBEET m'lACHLAN, F.L.S.

The best aid and incentive to the study of any group of natural
objects is the possession of a well-ordered collection, and any hints
tendering to further this acquisition cannot but be of service. Taking
this for granted, I propose to give here general instructions to those
eiitomologists — few though they be — who turn their attention to that
hctero<fcueous ussemblatrc of insects known as the Liimeau order

100 [October,

Neuroptera, believing also tliat some who have neglected this order
for want of some general guide to the means of possessing the neces-
sary collection, may be induced to turn their attention thereto if they
learn something of the modus operandi. As the majority of these
insects are aquatic in their earlier stages, the very excursions ueces-
sary for their collection cannot fail to be a source of enjoyment to
all who can appreciate the beauties of natural sceuery, for they must
take the collector to the banks of i-ivers and lakes, reedy ponds and
rushing waterfalls, localities upon the beauties of which the author
of ' Rambles by Eivers ' would have eloquently discoursed.

As the utility of all instructions depends upon their conciseness,
I shall endeavour to concentrate these remarks as much as may be
consistent with their usefulness, by laying down general hints, leaving
the more minute particulars to be filled in by the accumulated ex-
perience of individual collectors ; for, after all, experience is the only
true guide, — that alone can help the entomologist to that correct
appreciation of cause, effect, and jH'obability, so essential to the suc-
cess of the object he has in view. And though I especially address
these notes to British entomologists, I shall embody therein more
general instructions to collectors abroad, those who cannot find time
for elaborate preparation of their specimens, and with whom the
acquirement of large numbers of specimens and species is really of
more consequence, both to themselves and to the entomologists who
may benefit by their labours, than beauty of condition of a few exam-
ples. Specimens cannot be too perfect, or in too good condition ;
this I look upon as an axiom : yet it seems to me that the rage for
* perfect ' specimens, so strongly marked in many entomologists of
the present day, savours more of the amateur than of the student ;
and I confess that, for my part, I would rather have 50 species per-
fect enough to admit of a correct appreciation of their structure and
peculiarities, than 10 so perfect that not a defect exists. I throw
out this last opinion not as recommending carelessness of preparation,
but as discouraging the craving for cabinet objects instead of materials
for study. The student-entomologist should try to believe that " half
a loaf is better than no bread," and not despise a specimen because a
joint or two of an antenna, or a leg, &c., be missing.

GENERAL OBSEEVATIONS.
Before proceeding to consider the different families of Neurop-
tera in detail, it may be as well to give a few general hints that will
apply to all.

72. . 101

Nets. — This subject may be dismissed iu very few words. An
ordinary butterfly ring-net is suflicient for almost every purpose ; for
colour I prefer white, and for material ordinary book-muslin, though
something stronger is sometimes advisable for sweeping. The ring of
the net should be of moderately large size to suit it to the capture of
Dragon-flies by giving sufficient spread.

PiiwiNG AND Setting. — Almost all these insects should be pinned
through the thorax between the anterior pair of wings, inclining the
head of the pin slightly forward. As I take it to be almost useless
to attempt to induce collectors of British insects to adopt other than
sJioi't pins, I urge here only that the pin should be run through the
body so far that at least one-third of an inch j^i'ojects on the under
side, and that the setting board be comparatively flat. By this means
the legs, &c., which are most important members in the study of
NeuroiDtera, and without which even the generic positions cannot in
many cases be ascertained, are left free, and less liable to be broken
off, and the wings touch the paper of the draw^er or box in no part.
I would earnestly beg all Neuropterists to eschew the plan adopted by
many of our Lepidopterists, who so pin and set their insects, tliat
when placed in the cabinet they look more like so many permanent
rows of postage-stamps neatly gummed in an album, than collections
of natural objects intended for purposes of study and hence liable to
repeated removals, the legs, &c., being so hidden as to give an idea
that these are absolutely of no consequence, and that everything
depends upon the pretty colours or markings of the wings. Setting-
boards with square grooves I hold to be infinitely preferable to those
with the ordinary rounded grooves. My own British collection is set
upon short pins, but if I had to re-commence to-morrow (which Heaven
forbid!), I would carefully avoid these, use longer ones, and set the
wings flat, after the method adopted by almost all except British
entomologists. The advantages are infinite. The Insects suffer little,
if at all, from mites and other depredators ; and, what is of paramount
importance, the notes of the locality, date, &c., can be placed in
neatly written labels upon the pin itself, and every specimen may
also bear a name-label, a point of much weight in typical collections ;
furthermore, the insect is easier to examine under the lens. But
some of our continental friends cany the use of lour/ pins to an excess,
beyond the bounds of reason or utility. A pin of about I2- inch in
length is quite sufficient, and it should be pushed through the insect
for fully two-thirds of its length. It should be not too fine (a point

102 [October,

upon which continental entomologists strongly err). Two sizes are
enough for all ordinary purposes, and for my re-set foreign insects
I use Nos. 2 or 3, and 16, manufactured by D. F. Tayler and Co.
A strong j^in renders the specimen much more durable, and I fancy
the absurdly fine pins iised on the continent have to some extent dis-
gusted English entomologists with the high-setting there adopted :
these can only be inserted in the cork by the use of the forceps under
the insect, and even then we often see them bent into all sorts of
zig-zags, to say nothing of the unavoidable jerking off of bodies, &c.
For very minute insects it is always advisable to use shoi"t pins, such
as Nos. 19 and 20, adopted by English Micro-Lepidopterists, and if the
collection be otherwise set on long pins, then these short pins bearing
the insects should each be stuck into a little oblong piece of white
pith neatly cut with a very sharp thin knife (a razor will not do
owing to its thick back), and this impaled on a long pin. The best
kind of pith is that obtained from dead and dry stems of Jerusalem
artichoke, which is of extreme whiteness, and does not change colour
by age, the latter being an especial defect of elder-pith. In setting,
the wings should be spread out with braces exactly as in butterflies
and moths ; but it is always desirable to leave a few of each species
unset, so that on the pin they retain the natural position in repose.
Setting-boards suitable for long pins are kept in stock by many
dealers in entomological apparatus, or would readily be made to
order ; the groove should be very deep, leaving only enough cork to
hold the pin firmly, so that the legs may suffer no injury. But I
am always glad to receive these insects unset. When the collector
occupies himself with other orders, and catches ISTeuroptera simply
to oblige friends, he cannot be expected to waste time in preparing ,
insects that are useless to him. The gi-eater part relax very readily
on ordinary damp sand, or in a zinc relaxing-box : Dragon-flies are
especially tractable in this respect, and, when treating on them, I
shall take occasion to point out, especially to foreign collectors, that
these are even better if sent home not pinned.

Caedin&. — On this point I shall say little, except to discourage,
to the utmost, the adojition of the system. I look upon its applica-
tion to almost any order as a modern innovation, which I would fain
hope is on the wane, even among those inveterate "carders," the
Coleopterists. To aj)ply it to Neuroptera, is to render them almost
absolutely useless. Nearly everything here depends upon the neurar
tion of the wings ; and this can, in most cases, only be properly traced

1872.] - 103

by holding tlie inBect to the liglit, the intricate veiuing being usually
more or less pale, or even transparent. Carding can only be tolerated
by tbe Neuropterist when applied to the preservation of minute apte-
rous forms, such as some Psocidae.*

Peeseeving IN" Alcohol, &c. — As so much depends in many
groups of Neuroptera upon the form of the genital organs and their
secondary appendages, it is of much service if some specimens be
placed in spirits of wine, or some analogous medium, so that these
forms can be more reliably ascertained, and safer descriptions and
drawings be made therefrom than can sometimes be had from dry
specimens. But I confess to having a prejudice against collections
consisting almost entirely of specimens in alcohol. The constant care
necessary for their preservation is a great drawback, and can be only
exercised in large museums, and, even in these, I think exj)erience will
prove that pinned specimens wdll stand a much better chance of a long
existence than will those in alcohol ; and this must not be lost sight
of when typical collections are concerned. There is no reason why a
pinned collection should not last for at least a couple of centuries,
and be then of use to the student, if ordinary care be taken ; but I
much fear that the myriads of glass tubes with alcohol, &c., necessary
for a large typical collection, would, with their contents, stand little
chance of an existence for half that period. Hence, I look upon this
mode of preparation as more adapted to temporary purposes. If the
necessary descriptions or figures be once made, much is done, for the
natural form of the parts can, in most cases, be traced in the dry
insect ; whereas, details drawn up from dry insects in the first instance,
are often difficult of application to the actual condition as exhibited
in moist preparations. Mr. Eaton strongly recommends using pure
glycerine and water, the former being added drop by drop to a tube
partly filled with water till it is full, and with the addition of a small
drop of acetic acid, the tube being finally corked. And here I would
urge my chief objection to moist preparations. If cork only be used,
the spirit or other substance will quickly evaporate, and. the insects
be destroyed ; and if hermetically sealed, the specimens are compara-
tively useless, for sufficient examination can seldom be made through

* In Coleoptera, " carding" has many serious disadvantages. Important characters are pre-
sent in the " cushions " of the under-side of the tarsi, in the insertion of the cf)Xfe, and in the
abdominal segments, to say nothing of the mouth-parts. Some argtie that all these difficulties
can be met by gumming certain indi%'iduals on the Ijack. But suppose the specimen rentri- d soleil
be not specifically identical with those ventre a ttrre ! and this is .an accident likely to occur to
the most expert Coleopterist. An esteemed colleague, to whom I have often .argued my objec-
tions to the carding system, suggests that the sijcciniens can easily be " floated off " in water,
and examined on all points. What unnecessary trouble ! what bother over giun-beclogged tarsi,
&c. ! I often see carded Carabi ; and, if the ijractice be not on the wane, aa I think it is, 1
expect to see a carded Goliath-beetle !— U. McL.

104 [Octol3er,

tho glass tube. Carefully prepared microscopic slides of the whole
insect, or of the particular part to be examined, in Canada-balsam or
glycerine, seem to me more likely to serve the purpose intended.*

BoxiNa, Killing, &c. — Most small species, when caught, may be
placed in ordinary pill-boxes till arriving home from a day's excursion;
but if the weather be hot, many of them are liable to die, dry, and get
broken in the course of a long day. This applies especially to water-
frequenting groups, for these part with their moisture very readily
and soon become dry (Botanists experience a similar thing in drying
water-2)lants for the herbarium). Therefore, it is often desirable to
kill the insects as soon as caught, and pin them in a zinc pocket-box
with damped cork. A quantity of small glass tubes with corks is a
xiseful adjunct to the other apparatus carried by the collector. For
killing, nothing is better than a " killing bottle " (such as is now sup-
j)lied by any dealer), consisting of a short, wide-mouthed pomatum-
bottle, into which is placed a small quantity of cyanide of potassium,
this being covered with about an inch of plaster of Paris made into a
thick paste, which soon hardens, through which the deadly cyanogen
gas slowly passes. Such a prepared bottle will maintain its effect for
several years, and the insects die almost instantaneously without
becoming stiff. In the case of insects in small pill-boxes, it is ad-
visable to place box and all into the bottle, having first made (for
more rapid effect) a small incision with the point of a penknife in
each lid. Those species that have no great amount of hairy clothing
may be bottled from the net, remaining in the bottle until the time
arrives for setting, but hairy species rub too much one against the
other if this plan be adopted for them.

In bringing these preliminary remarks to a close, I would re-
iterate that experientia docet is the best motto for the collector. I
have known men who have spent the greater part of a tolerably long
life in going from friend to friend asking advice, dying before they
could make up their mind which particular instructions to follow. I
cannot imagine a more unhappy or useless existence. Any honest
advice is w^orthy of consideration ; it is for the individual originality
of the recipient to apply or modify it to his best advantage.

The few remarks on breeding that may be hereafter made, will

be of necessity second-hand, my own experience on this subject not

being sufficient.

{To he continued).

* Foreign collectors often send home beetles and other hard-bodied insects in spirits. This
plan should not be applied to Neuroptera, unless on the before-mentioned principle, that " half j
a loaf is better than no bread." or /or special purposes. Those with hairy bodies or pubescent
wuig.9 are much injured in spirits. — R. McL.

1872.1

105

THE EECENT INVASION of GREAT BRITAIN BY VANESSA ANTIOPA.
BY II. T. STAINTON, T.E.S.

While the circiiinstance of such au influx amougst ua o£ Vanessa
Antiopa as has not occurred within the memory o£ the " oldest ento-
mologist " is still fresh in our recollections, I wish to call attention to
the quarter whence probahly these invaders have come.

When, 13 years ago, writing "On the Greographical Distribution of
the British But-
terflies " (Trans.
Ent. Soc. Lond.,
new series, vol. v,
p. 231), I noticed,
with reference to
" the three strag-
glers in this coun-
try," that Pieris
Daplidice and
Argynnis Latlio-
nia seemed con-
fined to the southern counties of England, not ranging north of
Peterborough, but that " Vanessa Antiopa is most plentiful between
the Humber and the Tyne, and has more than once been noticed on
the north side of the border."

The inference I had drawn from this, though not then expressed,
was, that if Daplidice and Latlwnia came to us from France, Antiopa
more probably came from Norway.

If the specimens of Antiopa (seen or caught) recorded in this
Magazine be arranged in the order of the latitude of their localities,
we get the following result : —

Folkestone 1, Dover 2, Tunbridge Wells 2, Copthorne 1, Box
Hill 1, Heme Bay 1, Eltham 1, Lewisham 1, Twickenham 1, Erith 1,
Hyde Park 1, Highgate 1, Southend, Essex 1, Totteridge 2, Hitchin 2,
Cambridge 4, Ramsey 1, Chatteris 2, Yarmouth 1, Norwich 6, Leices-
ter 1, Barnsley 3, Huddersfield 1, Cleckheaton 1, Hull 1, Bretton 1,
Leeds 1, York 1, Darlington 1, Snlthiorn 1, Forres, Morayshire 2.

The italics indicate localities on the coast, — and Dover, Heme
Bay, Southend, Essex, Yarmouth, Hull, Saltburn, and Forres arc all
on the East coast.

Many of the captors have noticed the whiteness of the borders,
and 1 should be very glad to hear whether any of the specimens lately
caught have pale yellow borders.

IQQ [October

Godart, -n-bo wrote in 1S20, speaks of " la bande jauBatre," and
indicates tbe insect as being common near Paris. It would appear,
bowever, from bis remarks, tbat spring-cangbt specimens bad wbite
borders ; and Berce, writing in 1867, says of tbe biberna,ted speci-
mens, tbat tbeir yellow margin bas become wbite, " leur bordure
jaune a passe au blanc."

In Belgium, tbe insect is descinbed as " common in tbe wooded
mountains of tbe Ardennes, at Spa, &c. Tolerably rare in tbe gar-
dens of tbe otber provinces of tbe country, wbere it is found on fruit
trees" (Annales de la Soc. Ent. Beige, I, p. 23) ; and we also read
tbere tbat tbe bibernated specimens wbicb appear in April, " ont alors
la bande terminale blancbe," implying tbat tbe aiitumual specimens
bave yellow borders.

In Holland, we read in Snellen's ' De Ylinders ran Nederland,'
p. 37, tbat tbe border of tbe wings is pale yellow or wbite, " licbtgeel
of wit," and tbat tbe insect occurs tbrougbout tbe country, and is
everywbere scarce.

, Linne, in bis ' Fauna Suecica,' speaks in tbe diagnosis of
" limbo alhido,'" but in tbe description given be says " margine albo."
Zetterstedt, in bis ' Insecta Lapponica,' also uses tbe adjective white
to express tbe colour of tbe margins, and mentions tbe insect as no
rarity in Lapland, tbougb lo and polycldoros do not extend so far
nortb. Wocke, in bis ' Notes on Norwegian Lepidoptera,' says
(Stett. ent. Zeit., lS6i, j). 173), "bibernated specimens of Vanessa
Antiopa were not scarce at Sigstadt and in Grudbrandsdal," but does
not mention tbe colour of tbe margins.

Tbe dates of tbe occurrence of tbe various specimens bave not
been always noticed ; but, from tbose recorded, I collect tbe follow-
ing :•— July 26tb ; August 21st, 22nd, 23rd (2), 21tb (8), 25tb (3),
20tb (2), 28tb (2), and 29tb ; September 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7tb, Utb,
and 15tb ; tbe numbers in parentbeses representing tbe number of
specimens captured or seen wben more tban one.

It would tbus appear tbat tbe solitary specimen recorded last
montb bas no connection witb tbe recent invasion, of wbicb tbe first
specimen was noticed on tbe 21st August, tbe maximum was attained
on tbe 2-ltb, and tben tbe specimens seem sj^eedily to diminisb in tbe
early days of September.

One tbeory is, tbat tbe specimens are already bibernatiug ; but
we are perbaps bardly sufficiently acquainted witb the babits of tbe
insect to say wbetber, like polychJoros, it bibernates early, or wbotber,

1872 ] 107

like Atalanta, it hibernates late : in the latter ease, we should expect
stragglers to be met with on ivy-bloom. But there can be very little
doubt that hiljcrnated specimens will be met with next spring.

In France and Belgium, we find that the borders of the wings
should now be "yellow;" and the insect is scarce in those parts of
Belgium nearest to us. In Holland, we find that the borders of the
\\ ings should be " pale yellow or white," and that the insect is every
where scarce ; but in Norway, Sweden, and Lapland, we find the
insect " no rarity," and " not scarce," and the borders of the wings
white.

That migrations of butterflies sometimes take place is indubitable.
In ' Kirby and Spence ' (7th edition, p. 29G), we are reminded that
" a migratory column of Vanessa cardni, of from ten to fifteen feet in
breadth, and the passage of which occupied two hours, was observed
in 1836, in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland ;" and, though the inter-
vening 300 miles of sea seems to place an impassable gulf between
Norway and our Eastern coast, I still incline to the opinion that the
recent invaders have come to us from Scandinavia.

The possibility of the insects now settling here is, however, still
a subject for contemplation, and I have already received enquiries as
to the actual food of the larva ; most authors agree in giving birch,
poplar and sallow, as well as willow, as the food of the larva ; but
more than one author mentions that the larvae feed at the very
summit of the trees. The larva I saw at Anclei'matt (Ent. Mo. Mag.;
vol. vii, p. 109) was on a little loilJoiv, and not at tlie very summit.

Mountsficld, Lewisbam : September \Gth, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Hitchin. — I observed a specimen of V. Antiopa last Satur-
day, tbe 24tb inst., aud, after a long ebase, it escaped. Mentioning the matter to an
entomologist here, I could not persuade bim tbat I bad not been mistaken, for he
thought I had been deceived by one of the day-flying moths. To-day, whilst walk-
ing over bis farm, be observed a very fine specimen of Antiopa, and gave ebase, but,
chancing to stumble in bis pursuit, tbe Antiopa escaped, aud will, I hope, breed in
this locality. I am no stranger to this insect, having reared numbers from tho
larvae, in Western Canada, on weeping willow. — Feakk Latchmoeb, Hitcliin, Herts :
August 28th, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Lewisham. — -My neighbour, Mr. P. H. Desvignes, brought
me a living Antiopa on tbe 25tb inst., which be bad caught in bis garden. Ho had
seen the insect two or three days previously, but bis first attempts at capture had
always been unsuccessful. The specimen has every appearance of having hibeiiiated.
— H. T. Staixton, Mouutsfield, Lewisham, S.E. : August 31st, 1872.

108 [October,

Vana^sa Antlopa near Erith.. — On Saturday last, AufriiRt 21th, a spppimcn of
F. Antioim was taken here by Master N. Budden. It is worthy of remark that last
year Deiopeii pulchelia, was taken by a httlc girl within a few hundred yards of the
same spot. — J. Gr. Wood, 9, Erith Eoad, Belvedere, S.E. : August 28th, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa near Heme. — This afternoon, whilst walking with my brother
tlirough the Blean Woods, at about 200 yards distance from the "Fox and Hounds,"
we camo suddenly upon a large dark butterfly, which, upon being distm-bed, flew
rapidly past us : for tlie moment I took it to be a large specimen of Limenitis
Sybilla, but my brother, who saw it more distinctly than I did, assured me that it
was a Camberwell Beauty ; we followed it up for a short distance, when I had a
second view of the insect, which flew past within easy reach of a net, had I but had
one with me ; there could be no mistake about it this time, for we both distinctly
saw the white border and deep chocolate tint of V. Antiopa : it appeared to bo in
very good condition. — A. Gr. Btjtler, Heme : August 29th, 1872.

Vanessa Antio2oa near Norwich. — It will doubtless prove of interest to my
brother entomologists to be informed that this scarce butterfly (Camberwell Beauty)
has again put in an appearance in this county, and that not singly. I had the good
fortune to capture, on the wing, a female example in good condition on the 21st
inst., and also made an unsuecessfid attempt to net another shortly afterwards. On
the 23rd, I again visited the same spot, and having read of the insects' partiality for
sweets, I also took my sugaring pot with me. After well dressing some of the trees
near at hand, I was rewarded by capturing two more beautiful specimens. On the
24th, I took a fourth example. They were all in such perfect condition, that
I imagine they could not long have emerged from the chrysalis. As far as I can
ascertain, the occurrence of so many of this rare insect at one time has not been
recorded since the year 1847. — Theodore H. Maesh, Cawston Kectory, Norwich :
August 26th, 1872.

P.S.— August 27th, 1872.

Since despatching my notice of the capture of four examples of Vaness% Antiopa,
two more have been taken in the same locality, — one by myself, and the other by my
friend, the Rev. G. Norris, who accompanied me. They were male and female, and
the latter has since ejected an egg, which is of a didl black colour, nearly round,
but with a slight indentation on the top, and adhering to it are a number of black
and grey hairs or scales. Should I be fortunate enough to get a larva from it, I
trust to be able to record its appearance and habits. — T. H. M.

Vanessa Antiopa in Morayshire. — After having given me many an agreeable
surprise in Noctuce, my favoiu'ite Cossus-birch to-day fairly stunned mc by yielding
a magnificent pair of V. Antiopa.

Passing the tree, I saw a large butterfly flitting about which I at once recog-
nized, and leaving a friend to " mark do\ra " in case it wandered, I ran into the
house for my net, when I soon had the beauty safe. Whilst engaged in showing the
insect to several people who were attracted to the spot by my movements, my eyes
wandered momentarily to the trunk of the birch again, and here another beauty sat
expanding and closing its wings. This one allowed me to touch it with the net

1872.1 100

before it would take wing. Both arc quite fresh specimens, and, as in all the Britisli
captm-ed specimens, have the margins of the wings white, and not yellow as in
continental ones I took upwards of thirty years ago.

Wlien I came into Morayshire in 1867, a youth described to mo a butterfly he
had seen so minutely, that I was sure it could bo no other than Antiopw ; but, uot
having seen the insect myself, I did not deem the circumstance worth recording : —
now, however, I have little doubt this species has occurred in Forres before. — Geo.
NOEMAN, Cluny Hill, Forres: 2Gth August, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Southend, Essex. — You may perhaps be glad to add South-
end to the other localities where the ' Camberwell Beauty ' has been seen this season.
On Wednesday, the 28th August, I saw one flying very slowly near the eastern end
of the cliffs. I was within 12 feet of it, and coidd not, thei'efore, be mistaken. —
E. J. IIiGGiNS, 24, Bloomsbm-y Street : 5th September, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa near Eltham. — A friend, residing a few miles from here, has
just given me a specimen of Vanessa Antiopa, which he captured in his garden on
the 1st instant. — -A. H. Jones, Eltham, Kent : bth September, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Tivickenham and at Hull. — My friend, Mr. E. Boscher, saw
a specimen of V. Antiopa settle on the lawn in front of his house at Twickenham :
it escaped before a net coidd be brought to bear upon it. Another specimen is
recorded from Hull, in ' Land and Water ' of Satiu-day, August 31st. From the
numerous records of this insect in contemporary entomological publications, it would
almost seem as though a swarm had crossed the channel, and was spreading over the
country. The supposed criterion of an English specimen — the colour of the border
— is, I am told, untrustworthy. — K. Meldola, Brentford : 3rd September, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Cambridge. — We caught two specimens on the banks of tlio
Cam, six miles below Cambridge, on the 24th August. We saw two more, but
coidd not capture them. — J. F. Scott, 37, Manor Park, Lee, S.E., and Gr. M. Reeves,
St. John's College, Cambridge : August 31st, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa near Leeds. — It may, perhaps, interest you to know that a fipe
specimen of Vanessa Antiopa was caught in the neighbourhood of tliis town a few
days ago. It was brought me by an unentomologieal friend, who had knocked it
down with his hat, — and it is now in my collection. It is, perhaps, rather under the
full size, and the border of the wing is pure white, not yellow, as was the case with
some specimens I saw in Switzerland, whilst on a tour in that country in June last.
— Alfred L. Jot, Ridge House, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds : 31st August, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa near Folkestone. — On my return from Japan, I was much
pleased yesterday to see Vanessa Antiopa on a tree affected by Cossus, and had five
cliances of getting it, as it did not fly far ; but I failed, having no net. — Or. Lewis,
West Terrace, Folkestone : 3rd September, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa in Hyde Park. — On my way to town this morning, I saw V.
Antiopa fluttering over the roadway, within a few yards of the end of Rotten Row,
close to Hyde Park Corner ; of course, I recognized it directly, and, at the second
attempt, succeeded in securing it with my fingers. The specimen was rather worn.
•J. E. Bentley, 12, Argyle Road, Kensington, W. : Sept. 7th, 1872.

110 [October,

Vanessa Antiopa in Leicester. — A fine specimen of this magniiicent butterfly
was flying about my brewery yard here to-day : it settled on a beer cask, but I
failed to secure it. — Frederice Bates, 15, Northampton Square, Leicester : 3ril
September, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Tunhridge Wells. — F. Antiopa has been captured by more
than one juvenile entomologist about here, and I have been fortimate enough to
secure tvro ; a male and female in fine condition : the latter I received alive. —
II. BuRNEY, Rosemont, Tunbridge WeUs : September 7th, 1872.

Vanessa. Antiopa in Surrey.^On the excursion of the HolmBdale Natural His-
tory Club to Copthorne on the 24th ult., Mr. Gilbert took a fine specimen of Vanessa
Antiopa. In the pi-evious week, Mr. Gilbert captm-ed another specimen at Box Hill,
but, in consequence of his net having been caught in a bramble, the insect escaped. —
Sydney Webb, Eed Hill : 2nd September, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa in Middlesex. — -On Saturday last (7th inst.), Mrs. E. W.
Janson, who is well acquainted with this insect, obsei-ved a specimen of it hovering
for some time over a sallow bush, as if for the purpose of ovipositing, in Higligate
Wood. A niece of Mrs. Janson's has also recently seen at least two specimens, near
Totteridge.— E. C. Eye, 10, Lower Park Fields, Putney, S.W. : Sept. Uth, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopia near York. — -A very fine specimen was seen near here by my
daughter, Mary Cornelia Morris, on August 22nd. — F. O. Morris, Nuubui'nholme
Rectory, Hayton, York : September 14th, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Ramsey, Hunts. — I have just heard from C. R. Bingham,
Esq., of Ramsey Yicarage, Himts., that he captured an Antiopa m his garden on
the 3rd of September. — Id.

Vanessa Antiopa at Chatteris. — Mr. Alfred Fryer, of Chatteris, took a beautiful
female in his garden on the 25th of August, and whilst he was killing it, his little
son, Dan, caught another, a male, not quite in such good condition, but still a beauty.

The female specimen is really so fine, with the fringes perfect, and the wings so
beautifully glossed, like " shot silk," that I should certainly say it was bred in this
locality. I do not believe in the " flying-over " theory.

Both were taken at sugar on a pear tree. — W. Faeren, Howe House, Hunting-
don Eoad, Cambridge : September 16th, 1872.

Vanessa Antio2')a in the West Riding. — I have to record the occurrence of six
specimens of Vanessa Antinpia in this part of Yorkshire. Three at Barnsley have
been secured by Mr. James Jackson, two of which I have had the pleasure of adding
to my own eoUection ; one at Spa Mill, near Huddersfield, now in the collection
of Mr. T. L. Moselcy, of this town ; one at Moor Bottom, Clecklieaton, in the
possession of Mr. John Firth ; and one at Bretton West has faUen to the lot of
Mr. Jackson.

These were all taken during August or beginning of September in the present
year ; and, vritli the exception of the third Barnsley example, I have seen all the
sj)eciuiens. — Geo. T. Poeritt, Huddersfield : September 16th, 1872.

1872. Ill

Vanessa Antiopa at Darlington, ^c. — On the 14th iiist., I had the great satisfac-
tion of securing a magnificent specimen of V. Antiopa. There having been daily
reports of its having been seen, I have looked closely after it, and received my reward.
After all, when I had it in the net, I was sorry to have to pin the lovely creature.
I took another example, but not quite so fine, on the following day.

A very fine one was taken at Saltburn the week before by a gentleman of this
town ; also, a worn one here a fortnight ago. — John Sang, Darlington : September
16th, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa, Pieris Daplidice, and Argynnis Lathonia near Folkestone. — A
very fine specimen of Pieris Daplidice was caught on the Wan-en here on August
18th, and is now in my possession. I believe other specimens have been taken.
Vaiiessa Antiopa was taken in the same locality on the 2oth : I saw it while still
alive. Argynnis Lathonia was captured in one of its old haunts (a clover field)
near Dover Castle, by Master Marcus Yunge, of Folkestone. — Henry Ulltett,
Folkestone : September, 1872,

Vanessa Antiojya, Argynnis Lathonia, and Pieris Daplidice at Dover. — It may
interest some of your readers to know that the neighbourhood of Dover has come in
for a good share of rarities this season : there have been no less than nine Argynnis
Lathonia, four Pieris Daplidice, and two Vanessa Antiopa taken in and near Dover
by different persons. One specimen of Antiopa was seen in the centre of the town,
but not captured ; another was seen near Folkestone last week. — Geoege Geat,
71, Castle Street, Dover : 2Gth August, 1872.

Argynnis Lathonia near Ramsgate. — It may interest yoiir readers to know that
this season I have taken no less than five Argijnnis Lathonia at a little distance from
Kamsgate. I took one on the 30th ult., two more on the 3rd inst., and two more on
the 6th inst. They were all taken within 100 yards of the same spot, and were,
with the exception of one, very good specimens. — Aethue H. Snowden, Grrants-
field, Leominster : August 24i/i, 1872.

Zygcena meliloti. — At the meeting of the South London Entomological Society,
held on Wednesday, August 7th, two specimens of this new Zygcena were exhibited
by Mr. Boden, of 127, Tooley Street. They were taken (with other specimens) in
the New Forest, during the present summer. Last year, when searching for A.
caliginosa in its particular locality, Stubby Coppice, I captured two specimens
which I took to be small trifolii ; but, upon examination, they prove to be meliloti.
I also found a cocoon of that species on the grass. The date of my captures is
June 29th, 1871. — J. P. Baeeett, Hon. Sec, South London Entomological Society :
August, 1872.

Acronycta alni, eye, at Lyndhurst. — It may be interesting to some of the readers
of the Ent. Mo. Magazine to know, that I took a full-fed larva of Acronycta alni on a
fence at Lyndhurst, on the 29th July last. The day before, I beat two larva; of
S. fagi; one off sallow, the other off oak. — J. Edtv. Wilbey, 49, Downshire Hill,
Hampstead, N.W. : I7th August, 1872.

l<!ote on Crinodes Sommeri and Tarsolepis remicauda. — In the last Numbers of
tlie Ent. Mo. Mag., and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., I find a note by C. Ritsema, of

112 [October,

Loyclen, accusing me of rc-iiaming an old and well-known species of moth, Crino
Sommeri, Iliibner, under the new generic and specific names of Tarsolepis remicavda.

C. Sommeri is figured by Iliibner in the second Tolume of his 'Sammlmig,' at
pi. 197 ; on pi. 196 is another species, C. Beschei, both sexes of which are correctly
figured, and this species must certainly be considered the type of the genus Crino,
subsequently altered to Crinodes.

Hiibner states his figure to be a representation of a male insect, which its
possession of a well-developed anal tuft of radiating scales goes a long way to prove.
My insect is also a male, and differs from the insect figured by Iliibner in the
following important characters, — some of them generic, others merely specific.

Generic differences. — 1. Antennre of J bearing about 43 well-developed pectina-
tions. (In C. Sommeri, as figured by Iliibner, and as exhibited by all the species of
Crino in the British Museum, the antenna? of the (J arc very feebly pectinated).

2. Two long tufts of carmine hairs springing from the base of the abdomen
beneath the wings. (No such character occurs in Criiio).

3. Palpi short and robust, scarcely projecting beyond the head. (In C. Sommeri,
as represented by Iliibner, the palpi are long, slender, and project considerably in
front of the head) .

4. Body robust, almost clumsy. (In C. Sommeri, the body appears to be com-
paratively slender, the abdomen, moreover, appears to bear spinous processes, as in
Chccupa fortissima, a Hadenid, figured by Moore, P. Z. S., 8, pi. vi, fig. 5, 1867).

Specific differences. — 1. Costal border of front wings continuous from base to
ajJcx. (In C. Sommeri, it is restricted to the centre of costa).

2. Basal pale patches well-defined. (In C. Sommeri, they seem to be merely
represented by the usual elongation of the basal scales).

3. Inner margin of front wings slightly convex. (In C. Sommeri, it appears to
be undulated as in C. ftilgurifera, a species evidently allied to it).

4. Hind-wings comparatively (to 0. Sommeri) long and oval, with ill-defined
central spot, and the central marginal line converted into spots ; none of the mar-
ginal lines continuous.

5. Under-side of wings considerably paler than in C. Sommeri, the markings
less defined.

G. Transverse band of front wings scarcely waved, and nearly parallel to the
outer margin. (In C. Sommeri, this band is strongly angulated, so as almost to
touch the discoidal cell).

7- Fringe of all the wings very short.

The conclusion at which I arrive from the above comparison is tliis : — inasmuch
as all the members of the genus Crinodes, so far as we know them, are from the
New World ; as the males of the typical species, and of other species more nearly
resembling the Javanese moth, are destitute of the abdominal tuft, and of the
strongly pectinated antenna? ; I consider myself fidly justified in retaining the generic
and specific names, Tarsolepis remicauda, for the moth so designated, and I should
recommend that that name be attached to the other Javanese specimens known to
Mr. Ritsema in place of the name Crinodes Somintri, the type of which, in my
opinion, will prove to be an American insect. — A. G. Butleb, British Museum :
September, 1872.

1872.] 113

Rare insects from the Isle of Man.~In reply to Mr. BircliaU's enquiries about
the insects I saw iu Mr. Gregson's collection, I may venture to suggest that the
latter gentleman is the one to whom application should be made as to the localities
of the species mentioned by me ; but possibly, as the Island is rather small, he
might hesitate to furnish the information desired. Mr. Gregson has already fur-
nished the history of A gratis spinifera; and I may add that Mr. Gregson sent this
species and L. exigua to Mr. Doubleday just as pinned, and unset, — in fact, both
were sent alive, and I have known this for years. Micra parva he took flying in the
hot sunshine, if I remember rightly ; however, I had all the particulars about each
species from his own lips, and he had nothing whatever to do iu deputing mc to
make known what treasures he possessed.

I wrote the article referred to on my retm-n home, and, before sending it for
publication, I sent it to Mr. Gregson to ask if he had any objections to my forward-
ing it, and also to correct me if I was wrong in any of the remarks. I did not keep
a copy of my original paper, but I think the Editors will bear me out that I said all
the specimens were taken by Mr. Gregson himself, except Cramhus alpinellus and
the new Clostera. In fact, the article was not inserted tiU I wrote to one of the
Editors that I had Mr. Gregsou's permission ; and then, even when published, the
communication was not exactly as I had written it, and my notice of Mr. Gregson
having collected the larvee of Cliairocampw Celerio was omitted. — J. B. HoDaKiNSON,
15, Spring Bank, Preston : Augiist 12th, 1872.

Depressaria Douglasella near Blackpool. — Early iu June, about six miles from
Blackpool, I met with the larva of D. Douglasella, and bred a dozen white-faced and
white-headed specimens. A later journey to the same locality furnished me with
two species I had never bred before, namely, D. purpurea, and (to-day) a fine D.
Yeatiana. — -Id.

Larva of Depressaria Teatiana. — Hearing that Mr. Hodgkinson had bred tliis
insect, I wrote to enquire on what plant he had found the larva. He says he foimd
it on wild carrot, and that it was of a yellowish-green, not imlikc the larva of D.
ciliella. He assures me that there is no mistake about the food-plant, as he kept
the larva ou each plant separately.

He says the imago of D. Yeatiana is abmidaut on the Lytham sand-hills, at the
roots of " the bent or star grass " as it is called. — H. T. Stainton, Mountsfield,
Lewisham : August 31st, 1872.

On the habits of the larva of Eiqjithecia togata. — On 5th July, 1871, I received
from Mr. A. H. Jones, five eggs of this species, which had been given him by a
friend who had taken the moth in Scotland. The larvae hatched on the 9th, and, as
I understood the moths were beaten from the spruce fir, I supplied them with twigs
of spruce, as well as some knot-grass, and a few flowers, such as those of ragwort
and golden rod. Two or three of the larva) nibbled a little at the flowers and knot-
grass, but soou dwindled and died. The other two attacked the spruce, burroiving
into the buds which studded the ends and sides of the young shoots, but, un-
fortunately, in my attemjit to watch their proceedings, I injured them so that they
both died. However, early iu July of the present year. Dr. F. Buchanan White, by

114 [October,

dint of hard work, obtained some eggs, some of which he kindly sent to Mr. Buckler,
from whom they passed into my hands. Eight eggs reached me safely, and the
larva; hatched on July 18th ; being now sure of the proper food, I gave them no
choice, putting in only bits cut off from spruce shoots, which were furnished with
buds. As before, three of the larvre failed to find out their food in time, and were
starved ; the other five fed away at once, but, instead of attacking the buds, com-
menced operations by tunnelling into the inner hark or liber at the cut ends of the
shoots; they never touched the oviter bark or the needle-like leaves, but ate their
way onwards,— in some cases for an inch or more, through the liber, until they
reached a bud, into which they then burrowed. They ate rapidly, and their frass
accumulated in proportion, some of it being extruded at the mouth of their tunnels,
but they gave no other sign of their presence. How they would act in nature, I
cannot say — whether they would ever open an outward passage, and so travel from
bud to bud, or whether they would remain quit« hidden after their first entrance ;
but I am sure each individual eats enough to destroy all the buds on a long, young
shoot by the time it becomes full-grown. I left my larvae undisturbed for some
time, but about the 6th of August I saw one of them come out of its tunnel, and
walk restlessly about ; I then carefidly examined all the other tunnels, but coidd
find only one other larva, and that apparently dead. I now put in a fresh supply
of spruce, placing both the living and the dead lax-va on it, and, when I next looked,
I found the former busily engaged in finishing up the remains of its defunct relative ;
I concluded, therefore, it liad also been the cause of the disappearance of the others,
owing, perhaps, to its being deprived of tender food by the drying iip of the juice of
the spruce buds. After this, it fed away steadily on spruce, and moulted thrice, and
on the 19th of August I sent it to my friend, Mr. Crewe ; from him it was sent to
Mr. Buckler, and fed away until 25th August, when it began to hide itself in some
peaty soil, with which it had been supplied ; on the 26th it disappeared totally, and
by this time is, I hope, in pupa. It was supplied with bits of spruce shoots and
bark, but it seemed to take naturally to the soil for pupation, so that it is probable
in nature it would eat its way out, and drop or crawl to the ground, and the pupae
should be looked for at the foot of the trees.

The egg is very broadly ovate, much wider, although but little longer, than
that of castigaia ; straw-coloured at first, afterwards becoming bright vermilion.
The young larva when first hatched is something of the colour of the bark of a
spruce slioot, being pale olive-brown ; the head, plate on second segment, and anal
tip being hard shining black ; imder a lens all the warts come out distinctly — black
and shining, and furnished with hairs. After a moult or two, the colouring becomes
much as it continues up to full growth, and the whole appearance of the larva
— both in figure and tint — makes one see at once that it is an internal feeder, and
at the same time very little like the larva of any other Eupithecia on our native list.
— J. Hellins, Exeter : 31st August, 1872.

Description of the larva nf Eupithecia tngata.— General colour dull pinkish-brown.
Central, dorsal, sub-dorsal and spiracular lines whitish, iiulistinct, especially the two
latter. Skin wrinkled ; body sparsely studded with black tubercles and short hairs.
Head and collar horny and glossy, dusky brown.

An odd, internal looking-animal, strongly resembling a miniature Cossu^ ligni-
perda.

1872.] 115

Feeds inside the buds and young shoots of spruce fir. Hatched July 18th.
Full-fed the last -week in August.

I am indebted to the kindness of ilr. Hellins, of Exeter, for the opportunity of
seeing and describing this hitherto, I believe, undescribed larva. Mr. K. reai'cd it
from the egg.

Mr. Buckler has succeeded in taking its portrait. — -H. Haepur-Crewe, The
Kectory, Drayton-Beauchamp, Tring : Septcmler 2nd, 1872.

Natural History of Acid alia degeneraria. — On the 8th of August, 1871, 1 had the
pleasure of receiving from Mr. Q-eorge Harding, of Bristol, the welcome gift of eight
young larvae of this species, hatched on the 29th July from eggs laid loose in a box,
on the 18th, by a much worn, captured female.

Mr. Harding also informed me that the eggs were pink in coloiir, and became
darker and more dingy just before hatching, and that the newly -hatched lai-vse
differed in no respect but that of size from their appearance when consigned to me,
having fed from the first on Polygonum aviculare. At this time, being ten days old,
they were about three lines long, slender, and of a greenish-brown colour, and, when
at rest, were generally in a looped position, but were remarkably timid, tucking tlieir
heads under and curling up into a close coil at the least alarm, and persistently
remaining in this posture for a long time ; their voluntary movements were very
slow and measured.

By the middle of September they had changed their colouring to a rich cinnamon-
brown above, and blackish beneath ; on a close sciiitiny for details at this time, they
presented exactly the same design as hereafter described in the adult state ; they
now began to be lethargic, and to show symptoms of hibernating, but, as the Poly-
gonum was still procurable, I often disturbed them with fresh food to incite them to
eat, in the hope of getting one or two to feed up before winter ; this at one time
seemed probable, though with a change of colder weather they baffled my design by
ceasing to feed and insisting on sleep.

In this state, and reduced to six in number, on October the 29th, they were
tratisferred to a pot with growing plants of Dandelion, Veronica j^olita, and Plantago
lanceolata, covered with coarse muslin and kept in a window seat facing west, in a
room without fire ; by this date, they had grown to eight lines in length, and were
rather darker than before.

By the middle of February, 1872, I observed the plants in a dying condition,
and a few indications of moidd genei-ating amongst the withered leaves, which,
however, had not attacked the larvae, resting as they were on the sides of the pot.
I now took them out, and placed them in a new abode ; and, the weather soon after
being severe, I put them in another room with a fire, in order to try them with
bramble, and soon had the pleasure of seeing them nibble at it, and also at CerasHum
and Veronica, though the bramble seemed to be preferred : satisfied with this experi-
ment, I then restored them to their former colder quarters, where they did very
well, feeding a little from time to time, whenever the severity of the weather relaxed
a little, and, by March 7th, two of them had quite outstripped their companions
in growth, and by the 13th had attained apparently their full size, still, however,
feeding a little untd April, on the loth of which month they assumed the pupa
state ; another followed their example on the 26th, one on May 8th, one more on
the 26th, the last on June 30th : the four carhcst appeared in the imago state from
Jime 14th to 21th, and a fifth moth appeared on the 11th of July.

116 [October,

When about to change, the larva drew around it with a few fine threads a leaf
of bramble or Veronica, or any withered bit of leaf or moss it found on the surface
of the soil, and changed therein.

After hibernation, they seemed to have lost the power of curling up when dis-
turbed, biit now seemed to feign death by extreme i-igidity, allowing themselves to
be turned over and rolled about without betraying hfe by any movement; their
natural postiire, too, in repose on their food plants was straight and stick-like.

I could not help noticing how closely, both in form and general appearance,
these larvae of degeneraria came to those of inornaia.

When full-grown, the larva of degeneraria is seven-eighths of an inch in length,
broadest at the ninth segment, and from thence tapering gradually to the head (the
smallest segment), the posterior segments taper but little to the rounded anal tip ;
the body is convex both above and below, and has a projecting rounded ridge along
the sides, so that it appears somewhat flattened ; the segmental divisions are well
defined by the end of each segment projecting at the side, in breadth, beyond the
beginning of the next ; the skin is rugose, with abou.t twelve sub-dividing wrinkles
in each segment ; the head indented on the crown.

In coloiu*, the head is chiefly blackish-brown, conspicuously marked on the
crown of each lobe with pale cinnamon or bright rust colour, which extends as a
stripe down its outer side ; a patch of the same coloiir is on the dorsal surface of the
three following segments, being rounded at the sides on the second segment, tri-
ang\jlar, and pomting backwards on the third and fourth ; with these exceptions,
the rest of the back, as far as the end of the eighth segment, is deeply suffused with
dark brpwm, the remainder being again of bright rust colom*, strongly contrasting
with the darker hue of the middle segments ; on the back of each segment, fi-om the
fifth to the ninth inchisive, are double darker brown markings, somewhat like Vs,
pointing backwards, and standing one a little in front of the other at the hinder part
of the segment, their limbs are curved outward soon after their commencement, and
by degrees finely attenuated as they reach the next segment in front, each arm of
a V being thus like a miniature wlUow leaf; in front of these, and embraced by their
arms, is rather an elliptic shape of similar dark brown, and then a black square
mark, close to the segmental division ; both of these shapes are distinctly divided
in halves by the thin pale greyish-ochreous dorsal line, which then vanishes, but
re-appears as a pale spot or two within the base of the hinder V mark : the sub-
dorsal line is of the same pale colour, and also appears only for a little just at each
end of a segment, where it intersects a dark brown streak at the side of the back,
slanting in a coxirse parallel to the limbs of the Vs ; on the hinder rust-coloured
segments the markings are more tender, and on the last three are but imperfect
diamond shapes of brown, the tubercidar blackish dots being visible on them ; a
faint thin line of ashy-grey separates the coloiiring of the back from the blackish
belly, which has on each segment three ashy-grey marks, together in form resembling
a lyi'c, and two dots of the same grey colour at each end ; the spiracles are black,
and the tubercular warts and their short bristles are ^^ery minute, and rather
minierous at each end of the body.

The only variations that occurred were, that one individual from first to last
continued to bo rust coloured, and that another became after hibernation wholly i
suffused with dark brown. ,

1«72.] 1X7

Tlie pupa is three-eighths of an inch in length, plump, and tapering rapidly near
to the anal tip, which ends in a blunt curved spike proceeding from a little flattened
knob ; its colour is chestnut brown. — William Buckler, Emsworth : Avgust, 1872.

Capture of a Scymniis new to the British list. — I was fortamato enough to meet
with a Scymniis new to the British list, on the 21-tli of last month, while staying at
my brotlicr's house in Leicestershire (Shenton Hall, near Market Bosworth),—
namely, the S. arcuatus of Eossi. I brushed it (along with Atomaria peltata, and a few
other rather scarce species) from out of a mass of very old ivy, which clothed a wall,
and it was so active with its wings that it well nigh eluded my grasp ; but, although
I visited the spot every day during the remainder of our sojourn, I could not secure
a second example. It being an insect with which I am very familiar in the Atlantic
islands (often abounding at Madeira), and one which I had always regarded as
somewhat southern in its range, I confess that I was a little surprised to stumble upon
it so far to the north as in Leicestershire ; but I imagine that it is distributed, more
or less, throughout central Europe likewise. I should have been less taken aback,
however, had it been in the Isle of Wiglit, or elsewliere along the soiithem coast,
in which it had made its appearance. — T. V. Wollaston, Teignmouth : September
10th, 1872.

Calosoma sycophanta at Fhjmnuth. — A fine specimen of Calosoma sycophanta
was taken by a friend of mine. Dr. Harper, last week. Ho saw it flying in Exeter
Street, Plymouth, and, on its alighting on a wall, he caught it in liis hand (receiving
a nip from the insect), and carried it home in his glove.

I have heard of no instance of the capture of sycophanta, in Devonshire since
Mr. Reading took, far inland, the mutilated specimen, now in my collection ; just
ten years since, Jidy, 1862. — J. BROOEIX& EoWE, 16, Lockyer Street, Plymouth :
31st August, 1872.

Note on further British examples of Baridius scolopaceua, Germ. — I have great
pleasure in being able to record, that I have at last discovered the head quarters
of Baridius scolopaceus in the Isle of Sheppy. Early in August last, I obtained
it somewhat freely, by continually sweeping a small piece of salt marsh, close to the
shore (and fully three miles from the original locality), the plants therein consisting
of Atriplex portulacoides, Suosda mariiima, Salicornia heriacea, and Artemisia mari-
tima. I am inclined to think the Atriplex is probably its food-plant here, as most
of my specimens were obtained when sweeping that alone. Aster tripoliuin and
Arenaria maritima (but no Glaux) grow sparingly in the locality ; but I do not
think the insect has any connection with these plants. It may be as well to' note,
that Chenopodium maritimum, the plant on which the Baridius was taken abundantly
in France, last year, though closely allied to Atriplex, is not a native of Britain.
B. scolopaceus seemed to prefer the hot sunshine, the sim probably bringing it up
from the wet marsh beneath, as it was much harder to obtain in dull weather. I
also noticed that it readily flew about, and copidatcd freely. I have spent a long
time searching the roots of the plants in the locality, in hopes of thus detennining,
for certain, its food plant ; but not a single specimen could I obtain in this way;
the wet ground beneath, or higlicr up where drier, the quantity of tidal refuse,

118 [October,

looking, certainly, anything but likely for it. I am sori-y the specimene obtained
are ajiparently all abraded, being nothing near so densely scaled as my original
specimen, from -which the siDecies was figured in the last ' Annual ' (there being
scarcely any signs of the ochreous scales). It also runs much smaller iu size than
I expected, averaging about that of Mecinus circulatus.

I expect I was too late to get it in its best condition. June (the time of capture
of the original specimen) is probably the time to get it fresh ; and it doubtless soon
gets abraded.— G-. C. Champion, 274, Walworth Eoad, Loudon, S. : Sept. 4th, 1872.

Captures of Coleoptera in Kent, Sfc. — The following notes on some rare Coleoptera
are partly supplemental to the last list published by me in this Magazine, and partly
the result of investigation in other localities subsequently visited.

That the actual soil of a locality is not of great importance, if its situation be
good, the fact that I have reaped a good hai-vest from the margins of a little sallow
pit near my house here may show ; for, thou.gh the clay is of the stiffest wealden,
yet the insects of the green sand of the north side, and of the Forest of St. Leonard's
on the south, find here, I conceive, a "half-way house" within reach. Thus, among
the first that greeted me here were Bemhidiuin quadripustulatum and Sturmii (but
two of the first, however, and one of the second). B. olliquum, foimd on the Forest,
round gravelly pools, has not penetrated as yet to Rusper. Anchomenus versutus
seemed also a visitor; — Anch. gracilis, Conurus immaculatns, Donacia bidens, and
Stenus exiguus are among the more distinguished of the company, while Stenvs morio
(liitherto almost unique as British) seems to have effected a settlement, as I have
secured a moderate series from the above-named pit. Of this species, Mr. Janson
(its original recorder as British) had two, there is one in Dr. Power's collection, and
one in my own : Mr. Rye also te],ls me he has long had a specimen identical with
Mr. Janson's. These, however, are all the specimens I am aware of.

Early iu the year, St. Leonard's Forest itself produced a few good things : viz.,
EpurcBa parvula, under birch bark, Agathidium seviinulum, Fhloaocharis, Bitoma,
in abundance, Homalium planum, Leptura nigra and Stenus contractus, in their
respective habitats.

A stay last summer at Eastry, near Sandwich, gave me an opportunity of cap-
turing many of the Deal sand-hill insects, of which I will only particularize the more
interesting, as the insects of that place have been so often recorded. Here I may
correct an error which has crept into the record of Omias pellucidus, in the Ent.
Annual, 1872, p. 45. The locality should be at Eastry. When I first foimd it, it
was in great numbers crawling in the sandy gravel by the side of the road. The
dead bodies of hundreds, and thoracic and femoral development of the males, testify-
ing to the severity of the struggle for existence.

Of the very rare Athous difformis, I here got three males and one female, and
also Saprinus virescens, vainly mimiciug Phoedon coclilearicB, the larvae of which it
feeds on, upon beds of water-cress, over which Stenus major not rarely ran. Sweep-
ing produced two of a Ceuthorhynchideus, easily distinguished by its thorax con-
tracted very much in front, its cinereous elytra, and reddish tarsi ; this Mr. Rye
tells me is the species known here as hepaticus, Gyll. TelmatopMlus sparganii and
hrevicollis, Telephorus figuratus, Sunius intermedins and I'cederus littoralis may con-
clude the list, though by no means exhausting the good things taken here.

18-2.] 119

I must now bring my notes to an end with a few odd mems. from my diary.

From Bearsted, I have Ste^ius palustris, and from Enfield, Cryptarcha imperialis,
Phlceophilus and Ptinus suhpilosus. At Southend, Myrmedonia Haworthi gladdened
my eyea ; but of two taken, one, alas ! alone reached liome, the other being entombed
in glass somewhere near rrittlewell Church (where I lost my bottle). — H. S. GrOEHAM,
Euspcr, Ilorsliam : August l-Uh, 1872.

Strange habitat of Licinus silphoides. — This Bos-Hill species is now in great
profusion on the beach near Ilythe. — Gr. Lewis, West Terrace, Folkestone : 3rd
September, 1872.

Saltatory power of Rhinoncus suhfasciatus. — Wlien sweeping by the side of a
ditch at Boguor, where Rhinoncus subfasciatus was tolerably abundant, I was not a
little surprised to see an individual of that species jump. At first I naturally
thought it must be some mistake ou my part ; but, on sweeping again, catching
more, and lifting up the bottom of the net carefully, I found I was not deceived, as
several specimens jumped, and many times when collecting where this species was
abundant, I witnessed this curious fact.

The leap is but a short one, varying from about half an inch to one and a-half
inches, and appeared to be effected by a sudden retraction of all the legs.

Any person who has seen this insect alive, and noticed its quick and sudden
movements, wiU not be surprised that the sudden shutting up of its legs should throw
the insect up into the air ; at any rate, this seemed to me the way in which the leap
was effected, the feat being, possibly, performed more by accident than design. —
Edwaed a. Wateehouse, British Museum, "W.C. : September 6th, 1872.

Unusual abundance ofNiptus hololeucus.- — This insect so abounds in the house
of my Vicar, the Rev. J. W. Sheringham, of Staudish, Grloucester, as to be a perfect
nuisance. The family thought it to be a spider, and accuse it of eating flannel,
cloth, &c. They tell me they have swept it from the floors in hundreds, and cannot
get rid of it, though they have somewhat thinned its mmibers by the use of carbolic
acid soap. Although one of the Ptinida;, its build evidently shews it to bo no
wood-borer ; still, occurring in such profusion, it may really be of harm to such
material as that above mentioned. It seems to follow man, never occurring, so far
as I know, in open country. — Alex. Nash, The Glebe House, Hardwicke, Glou-
cester : September, 1872.

Captures at Weybridge. — On the occasion of the excursion of the Entomological
Club on the 29th June last, among many other insects not deserving special notice,
I captured Ceuthorhynchideus pwniUo on Tcesdalia midicaulis ; Sybines potentillcB
under Spergula arvensis ; Dictyonota Fieberi, larvaj on broom bushes: all found
under the guidance of Dr. Power to their exact localities. Cardiostethus testaceiis,
by sweeping long grass ; Butalis cicadella, one, from a furze bush. — J. W. Douglas,
Lee : 5th August, 1872.

Note on Agrothereutes Hopei, Or. — -Every observation tending towards the dis-
covery of the dissimilar sexes of the smaller Cryptida: deserves careful atlontiou, as

120 [October, 187i.

only accidents, few and far between, can ever elucidate a difflciilty of this description.
One of these accidents occurred to-day. I took, in very close juxtaposition, Cryptus
pygoleucus, Gr. ( ^ only known) and Agrothereutes Hopei, Gr. ( $ only known). Both
are not uncommon here. That they are the opposite sexes of the same species I am
strongly inclined to believe, though absolute demonstration is impossible. They
resemble each other, and also differ, exactly in those points which are noticeable in
the sexes of other species. The ^ is, as usual, darker, and has the thorax black.
The 9 , with imperfect wings, has the red thorax so often associated with that feeble-
ness of structure. The hind legs (with the femora tipped with black, and a white
ring at the base of the tibiae) are the same iu both, and this character, which is inde-
peiident of sexual differences, appears to hare much weight, taken in conjunction
with the fact of the insects being iu company, and having apparently some attraction
for each other. — T. A. Maeshall, St. Albans : August 29th, 1872.

Formica Jusca : two $ in copulA with one $ . — This morning, at 8.50, during
bright sunsliine, what I at first took simply to be a united coviple of this ant, crossed
my road on the wing. But, as it struck me that there was something wrong, owing
to the drooping flight of the 9 > 'which seemed to be more than usually burdened,
I caught the travellers, when it appeared that the $ was in simultaneous copulation
with two (? aside of each other. I let the happy trio run over my hand, or, rather,
allowed the $ to drag her mates along with her, when, toppling over, she fell to the
ground, where she immediately parted with her wings, but continued to drag her
helpless winged partners along with her, right across a broad stony road. The (J <?
seemed utterly exhausted ; and made no attempt to use either wings or legs ; nor
did they fold the former or draw up the latter, but in the position in which they
dropped they were dragged away. The rest of my proceedings I shall keep to
myself ; suiSce it to state, that gentle pulling was not enough to sever the triple
alliance. — Albeet Mtillee, South Norwood, S.E. : August 18th, 1872.

Proposed revision of the Trichopterous family Hydroptilidce. — I am engaged upon
a revision of the Hydroptilida, and solicit the loan of specimens fi-om all parts of the
world, so that I may gather information respecting the geographical distribution of
the genera and species. In return for the privilege of inspecting them, I will under-
take the arrangement of collections sent to me, and defray half the expense of trans-
mission. Even a few specimens in good condition would be gladly received. Boxes
by post should be sent to my address as imder ; those by rail may be addressed to
me, at the Entomological Society, 12, Bedford Row, London. Up to the present
time, I have determined nine British species, and five genera, in the place of the four
species and two genera hitherto recognised. Some of these occur also on the conti-
nent, where a sixth genus is represented. Specimens from the Ehine, Sweden, and
Canada, would be especially welcome on the chance of their comprising examples of
some described forms of which I have seen few or no representatives. As a rule, I
would prefer to leave new species uu-named, milcss they be represented by series
of specimens iu good condition, from which trustworthy figm-es of the anal appendages
could be obtained. Colour characters are at a discount in most of the species of this
family. — A. E. Eaton, Pottesgrovc Rectory, Woburn : Scpteniber, 1872.

November, 1872.] 121

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW QENUS AND TWO NEW EXOTIC SPECIES
OF THE FAMILY LARRID2E (SYMENOPTERAJ.

BY C. E I T S E M A.
PlAGETIA, g. n.

Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax, truncated and
excavated behind ; face a little prominent ; eyes large, oval, their
inner orbit straight ; only one well developed ocellus ; antennae fili-
form, inserted at the base of the clypeus at a little distance from each
other, the scape fully as long as the two first joints of the flagellum ;
mandibles notched exteriorly near the base, not (?) toothed within.
Prothorax narrower than the mesothorax, produced into a neck, which
is received into the excavation of the head, posterior margin bowed
backwards in the middle ; metathorax elongate, of about equal length
to the mesothorax, truncated posteriorly, the sides a little wider at the
base. Intermediate tibiae with a single spine at the apex ; posterior
femora with a stout, curved tooth ( (^ ) or with a little tubercle ( $ )
at the base, flattened if not excavated beneath. Anterior wings with
one marginal cell truncated and appendiculated at its apex, and three
submarginal cells, the first longer than the two following, the second,
which receives both recurrent nervures before its centre, narrowed
towards the marginal cell, the third lunate. Abdomen a little shorter
than the thorax, heart-shaped, petiolate ; the first segment conical,
I and at the under-side (especially in the male) with a scale-shaped
transverse appendix ; the second segment the largest.

The genus here described agrees with Larrada and Larraxena,
Smith, principally in having only one well developed ocellus (the pos-
terior pair being obsolete), and in the elongated and truncated meta-
thorax ; but it differs from them in having the first submarginal cell
longer than the two following united, a character in which it agrees
with Morplwta, Smith ; the latter, however, has the second submarginal
cell triangular, and three distinct ocelH. The neck-shaped prothorax,
the petiolated heart-shaped abdomen, and the armed hind femora, re-
move it from all the hitherto described genera of this family with
three submarginal cells. The genus Aulacophilus, Smith, which has
only two submarginal cells, has also a petiolated heart-shaped abdo-
men, but the petiole is longer than in Piagetia.

P. WOEKDENI, sp. n.

$ . Length 8 mm. Head black, antenna;, clypeus, cheeks, and mandibles ferru-
ginous, the latter black at the tips ; clypeus, cheeks, base of mandibles, and of the
exterior orbit of the eyes, thinly covered with short silvery pubescence, and the face

122

[November,

with grey, the latter having three longitudinal grooves, one between the anteniifc,
and extending from the base of the clypeus to the ocellus, the two others, broader
and much shorter, on each side of the first ; clypeus with a longitudinal central
carina, the anterior margin produced and deeply curved in the middle, the angles a
little acute. Thorax ferruginous, the posterior margin of scutellum, the post-scu-
tellum, the mesothorax beneath, and the metathorax (except the sides and two large
triangular spots with their tops uniting between the disc and the truncation), black ;
the metathorax finely shagreened above, with a longitudinal central line, the trunca-
tion smooth and shining, with a longitudinal oval groove in the centre. Wings
hyaline, with a beautiful whitish-blue iridescence in certain lights, and with a fuscou i
cloud at the apex, beginning with the marginal cell, the second submarginal cell, &c. ;
the tegidae and the costal nervure before the black stigma pale ferruginous, the other
nervures dark fuscous. Legs ferruginous, except the upper-side of the intermediate
and posterior coxae and trochanters, and of the base of the intermediate femora and
metatarsi, which is black ; the inner-side of the posterior femora, the upper side of
the posterior tibiae, the posterior metatarsi, and the apical spines of the intermediate
and posterior tibite, are also black. Abdomen black and shining, the apical segment
dark fuscous ; the posterior margin of the segments very thinly covered with short
grey pubescence.

Sent from Congo (Soutli West Africa) by the late Mr. M. Gr. ran ^{
Woerden (in Dr. E. Piaget's collection).

P. ElTSEM^, sp. n.

^ . Length about 10 mm. Head and antennae black, the anterior half of the

clypeus, the scape of
the antennae in front
and the mandibles,
pale ferruginous, the
latter black at thei"
tips ; clypeus, scapo
in front, cheeks, base
of mandibles and of
the exterior orbit of
the eyes, densely co-
vered with silvery pu-
bescence, and the face
thinly with grey, the
latter having three
longitudinal grooves;
one between the an-
tennae and extending
from the base of the
clypcvis to the ocellus,
the two others,
broader and much shorter, on each side of the first ; the clypeus with a longitudinal
central carina, the anterior margin slightly curved in the middle, the angles rounded.
Thorax black, smooth, and (except the scutellum) not shining ; the mesothorax with
a little circular pale ferruginous spot beneath the anterior wings, the under-side, and

fig. a. — Piagetia RiUemw, niihi, $ .

6.— Head of ditto „ ? .

c. — Hind leg of ditto ,, §.

d. — Hind leg of P. Woenleni, niilii, <J.

e. — Clypeus of ditto ,, <J.

1872. 123

also the intermediate and posterior coxse and trochanters, covered with silvery pu-
bescence ; the disc of the mctathorax with a fine transverse striation, interrupted
1 the middle by a longitudinal line, which docs not run to the verge of the trunca-
i'on ; the truncation densely covered with silvery pubescence, and with a longitudinal
•■>val groove in its centre. "Wings hyaline, with a beautiful whitish-blue iridescence
m certain lights, and with an interrupted fuscous cloud at the apex, beginning with
the marginal cell, the second submarginal cell, &c. ; the tegulie pale ferniginous, the
stigma black, the nervures dark fuscous. Legs ferruginous, with the upper-side of
the anterior and intermediate coxas and trochanters, and of the apex of the posterior
femora, the posterior coxse and trochanters, and the apical apines of the intermediate
.lud posterior tibite, black ; and the posterior tibise and tarsi blackish. Abdomen
black and shining, the posterior margin of all the segments and the base of the
second very thinly covered with short grey pubescence ; the posterior margin of the
first segment, and also the apical segment, dark fuscous, the latter closely punctured,
iud terminated by a style which encloses the aculeus.

Sent from Soerabaya (East J^va) by my brother, M. L. llitsema
('iu tbe collection of tbe Eoyal Museum at Ley den) .
Leyden : Septemher 2Uh, 1872.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF APSIDIUS FROM BRITAIN.
BY TUE EET. T. A. MAESIIALL, M.A., F.L.S.

So few of tbe numerous species of this group have been described,
! that it is easy to detect a new form. The following has been compared
with every extant description : —

Aphidius geegaeius, sp. n.

AntenncB ? 20-, ^ circiter 25 -articulatce. Caput fransversum,
thorace latins. Palpi maxillares 4-, lahiales 3-artictolatce. Ilesothorax
sulculis orclinariis nullis. Metathorax non excavatus. Alarum cuhitalcs
tantum 2, quarum prima cum discoidali confusa. tegmentum primum
ahdominis medio coiistrictnmjjjostjjefiolo tumidiusculo,scabriculo. Terehra
lata, hand incurva, perhreviter exserta. Luteus ; ontennis (^articulo
1" excepto), capite, inesothoracis disco, et metathorace p>li(s minus, nifjris.
Stigma et nerci cuhitales {i)i vivo) riridia. ,^ $ Long. lin. 1\.

The abdomen is a paler testaceous than the rest, and the hinder edges of the
segments are tinged more or less with fuscous. The petiole is often black or brown.
Tercbra black. Nervures of the wings fuscous, except those forming the rudimentary
cubital cells, and the stigma, which, when the insect is alive, are pale green. The
areola is open behind, from which it results that there arc only two cubital cells,
and the first is not divided from the discoidal. The black colour on the mesothorax
is indistinctly trilobate, the middle lobe or spot shorter than the other two, leaving
a luteous space before the black scutellum. The hind coxse at the base, the liind
femora, and the hind tarsi, are more or less fuscescent.

124 [November,

This is a parasite of the Aphis of the poplar and willow, numbers
of which were found assembled at the base of the shoots of trees at
Kentish Town, by Dr. Knaggs, in the j)resent month. Aphidms salicis,
Hal., is found in the same situation, but is a different species ; see
Ent. Mag. ii, 102, and note. With A. grec/arius were several specimens
of another parasite. This is Ceraphron {Lij(jocerus) Carpenteri, Curtis.
I had often seen this species, but never traced its origin, though Curtis
says he bred it from ' female ' Aphides. Of course it attacks only
those Aphides which are already pierced by an Aphidius, having for its
object the larvae of the latter.

St. Albans : September 26th, 1872.

NOTES ON BRITISH TOR TRICES, WITH DESCEIPTIONS OP TWO

NEW SPECIES.

BT C. G. BARRETT.

The publication of Drs. Staudinger and Wocke's Catalogue of
the Lepidoptera of the European District in 1871 caused such a re-
volution in the existing nomenclature, that a good deal of confusion
is likely to be caused in some groups by the indiscriminate use of two
sets of names.

This is especially the case with the Tortrices, and as Mr. Wilkin-
son, in his ' British Tortrices,^ made no attempt to go into their
synonymy, I have thought that a few notes on changes of nomenclature,
with notices of uudescribed sj)ecies, and observations made since the
appearance of that work, may possess some interest, and perhaps con-
duce to a more thorough knowledge of our British species.

In preparing these notes, I have constantly received most valuable
assistance from Mr. Stainton and Professor Zeller ; while Messrs.
Doubleday, McLachlan, Howard Vaughan, Machin, Birchall, and Sang,
Hev. Henry Burney, Dr. Buchanan "White, and other friends, have
liberally entrusted me with their rarest and most interesting species
for examination, and have given me much valuable information upon
them.

As far as possible I jiurpose following the arrangement of Wilkin-
son's work, as it is more the basis upon which I must work than is
Doubleday's list. I am prevented from adopting the new arrange-
ment of Dr. Wocke by the difficulty I feel in adopting such a genus
as his Peiifhina, which, commencing with our Pcedisca profundana,
includes our Brachytainia, Pcnthina proj)er, Euchromia, Orthotcenia,
Jlixodid, lioxaiia, the larger species of Sericoris, and Sideria.

1872.] 125

Snrrothripa Bevayana, ScMff. — This species is removed by Dr.
Staudinger and other G-ermau authors from the Tortrices. In Staiidin-
ger's Catalogue it stands at the head of the Bomhyces, following im-
mediately after the Syntomidce {NacUa ancilla and its allies), and is
followed by Earias -vernana, insulana, and chlorana, and Hylojihila
prasinana and hicolorana (quercana), forming, with two more genera,
the family Nyctasolidoe. The name there adopted is tmdulana, Hiib.

Amphysa G-erningiana, Schiff. — Apparently a misprint in Wilkin-
son for Qerningana — the correct name. Professor Zeller says — " It
" occurs where there is no Yaccinium, but always Galluna, so that may
"be its principal food-plant."

Ampliysa prodromnna, Hiib. — Wocke quotes JValkerana, Curt., as
only a synonym. Wilkinson gives no time of appearance, Stainton's
Manual gives July, but Zeller says that he took it in April, and
believes it flies generally eaidy in the year. Probably there may be
two broods. Hiibner represents the larva on a species of willow.
Stainton's Manual gives as the food-plant "Sallow?" but M. Jourd-
heuille, in the ' Calendrier du Micro -Lepidopteriste,' Pofenfilla
anserina.

Sypermecia augustnna, Wilk. — This is cruciana, Linn., as pointed
out by Mr. Doubleday (Ent. Ann., 1870, p. 142). It is very variable
in size and colour, but the basal patch on the fore-wing seems always
to be dusky greyish. This colour frequently invades the other mark-
ings, and a specimen sent by Mr. Hodgkinson, and bred from dwarf
sallow at Lytham, Lancashire, is very small, and has all the markings
pale drab. Mr. Hodgkinson informs me that this is its usual character
in that locality.

Large and brightly marked southern specimens frequently show
faint traces of silvery lines bounding the fasciae, as in the next species.

Sypermecia angustana^ Hiib. — Recorded as British (Ent. Ann.,
1S70, p, 141). Taken at High Force, Durham, by Lord Walsingham.
One specimen taken in Scotland by Dr. Buchanan White. As it is
not described in any English work with which I am acquainted, I ap-
pend a description taken from the original specimens kindly lent by
both captors.

Alar. exp. 4 — 5 lines. Head and palpi pale ochreous. Antennaj grey. Thorax
chestnut-brown, paler at the sides. Fore-wings narrow, pale oehreous, with the
markings bright chestnut, well defined, and edged with delicate silvery lines. Basal
patch distinct, rounded posteriorly. Central fascia narrow, rising at the middle of
the costa and pi'ocecding to the anal angle, where it is slightly attenuated. Apical
blotch nearly round ; below it a small spot on the apical margin. Cilia pale
ochreous. Hind-wings dark greyish-brown.

126 [November,

Distinguished from cruciana by the chestnut-coloured basal patch,
which is not produced so obliquely to the inner margin as in that spe-
cies, the narrow fascia, the pale hind margin, and distinct apical spot,
but especially by the narrowness of the wings towards the apex.
Much like Pamplusia monticolana (mercuriana) , close to which both
species are placed by Wocke in the genus Stegnnoptyclia. As in that
species, the silvery lines seem uncertain and evanescent. I suspect
that this species has been overlooked. Mr. Stainton tells me that he
has a specimen taken at Kilmun, and Mr. Dunsmore that he has taken
it near Paisley.

Eulia ministrana, Linn. — Placed by Wocke in the genus Loj>lio-
derus with Tortrix ochreana and Cnephasia politana and cinctana.
Zeller says the var. ferrugnna seems to prefer the coast.

BracTiytcBnia semifasciana,TL?iV^ . — Included by Wocke in Pentliina.

SracJiytcBnia Sartmnnniana, Linn. — Changed by AYocke to scrip-
tana, Hiib., but it is difficult to understand why, as Linne's name is
long anterior (1761). He quotes nnhiferana, Stephens as a variety.
This also is hard to understand, as it is certainly a variety of variegana
(cgnoshafeUa).

Antitliesia eorticana, Hiib. — Wocke gives picnna only as a syno-
nym. It is certainly long posterior, and the existence of another
corticana in another gem;s {Pcsdisca^, although it would be a reason
for not giving the same name to a new species, does not seem to me
sufficient to warrant the suppression of a name already given.

Antithesia betuletana, Haw.

Antitliesia capreana, Hiib.

Antitliesia prceiongana, Grn. — Corrected by AYocke to sororculana,
Zetterstedt. This Professor Zeller confirms. It has been bred from
birch by Mr. Chapman, of G-lasgow.

Antithesia GreviUana, Curt. — A distinct species, well figured by
Curtis. Wilkinson's reference of this figure (p. 25) to prceiongana is
altogether erroneous, not to say absurd, as it does not at all resemble
that species.

Curtis describes it as follovv-s (Brit. Ent., fo. 567) :

" Greyish-black. Head and apex of abdomen sub-ochreouj, superior wings long
" and narrow, variegated with interrnpted blaek transverse lines and spots. A large
" space at the apex white, forming two claws on the internal margin, with a long, grey,
" oblique line arising at the posterior angle, and furcate at the extremity. The apex
" black, with white dots forming two oblique stripes. Cilia black. Inferior wings
'■yellowish-fuscous, palest at the base, cilia of the same colour.

1872 ] 127

" Distinguished from its congeners by the narrower wings, wliich give it a more
" elongated form, and the cilia of the upper wings are not so black in any of the
" other species.

" Captured in July in Sutherlandshire."

The only specimen which I have Been was taken by Dr. Buchanan
"White in Scotland. Its long, pointed fore- wings of a dull black for
fhree-foiirths of their length, and with the apex and cilia also almost
entirely black, and its comparatively narrow white band before the
apex, give it a character very distinct from the allied species.

Antithesia ochrolcMcana, Hiib.

Antithesia ci/nosha fella, Linn. — Wocke sinks this name in favor
of variegana, Hilb., quoting Linne's cynoshatella as a doubtful syno-
nym. Zeller says " Linne's cynoshatella is ill-characterized, and feeds
" in a Rosa, from which I never had this very common species."

AntitTiesia pruniana, Hiib.

Antithesia dimidiana, Treitschke, Sodof. — ochromelana, Grn., is a
much later synonym. M. Jourdheuille states that the larva feeds on
beech and lime : this is most likely an error. It has been bred in
plenty by Mr. Chapman, of Griasgow, from Myrica gale.

Antithesia marginana, Haw. — Wocke changes this to ohlongana.
Haw., because Haworth's description of ohlongana (the ? ) is placed
before that of marginana (the (J).

Wilkinson is mistaken in stating that this is "A rare species, and
not variable." It varies considerably in size and a little in colour,
and is far from scarce, occux'ring commonly in many woods, heaths,
and even fens. It most likely feeds on various CompositcB, as it is
found where no Dipsacios grows within many miles. Dr. White has
found it very large and fine on Scotch mountain heaths.

Antitliesia similana, Wilk. — Wocke sinks this (with a ?) into a
synonym of ohlongana : it certainly is nothing else. Mr. J. Jenner
Weir has kindly placed in my hands some of the original specimens,
and they differ in no respect from the ordinary small specimens of
ohlongana found always with the larger ones.

Antithesia sauciana, Hiib.

Antithesia Staintoniana, sp. n.

Alar. exp. 8 lines. Head, palpi, and antennae greyisli-brown, thorax blaokisli-
brown, dusted with pale ochreous. Fore-wing : costa arched, with sharply angulated
square apex and truncate hind margin. Grrouud colour pale cream, with the basal

228 [November,

two-thii'ds dark bluish-brown, the portion between the basal pateh and central fascia
being paler, and showing the ground colour near the costa. Basal patch, with its
outer margin, augulated near the costa, thence perpendicular to the dorsal margin.
Outer margin of central fascia indented with the usi^al pale hook in the middle.
In the pale apical third is a faint brown line, followed by a narrow brown cloud before
the apex. Cilia cream-coloured, spotted with brown, and with a dark hne at the
base.

Hind-wings grey, with paler cilia.

$ with the cream colour tinged with pink, and the outer margin of the basal
patch oblique and nearly straight.

Allied to sanciana. About twenty specimens were taken in 1869
by Mr. Eedle, on mountains in Perthshire, among Arcfosfapliylos
uva-ursi, and were distribvited into various collections under the name
o£ Grevillana.

The description is made from males in the collection of Mr.
Doubleday, and from a remarkably fine and perfect female in that of
Mr. Machin.

Professor Zeller says of this species " I think it distinct both
" from sauciana and Grrevillana, and do not know a name for it. So
" you may publish it as a new species: I never saw it before." It
gives me particular pleasure to have the opportunity of naming so
handsome a species in honour of my friend Mr. Stainton, to whose
kindness I am constantly indebted, and who has so well earned any
honour there may be in it by his labours among the Tmeina.

Antitliesia gentianana, Hllb. — Wocke alters this to gcntiana,
Hiib., referring to Hiibner's figure of the larva, which represents it
feeding on teazle. This deprives it of connection with the Gentians,
which was evidently aimed at by the name previously in use, as well
as by the more laboured (jentianceana of Hiibner and Wood, but this
is of slight importance, since the larva feeds in the heads of Dipsacus.
Professor Zeller says that the food certainly varies, since small speci-
mens occur where no Dipsacus grows. This species is best separated
from its allies by its broad wings and stout thorns.

Antithesia sellana, Hiib.- — Mr. Doubleday tells me that the larva
feeds in heads of Centaurea nigra : he also points out that this spe-
cies may readiV be separated from its nearest allies {gentiana and
ohlongann^ by the peculiar round apex of its short anterior wings.
This is very evident in specimens communicated by him.

Antithesia ustulana, Haw. — Wocke sinks this name (as does
Doubleday his Carhotmna) in favour of fuligana, Hiib., which is

1872] • 129

unquestionably tlie anterior. Some very fine and well-marked speci-
mens (one of them having even a pale apical space in the fore-^nng)
were reared, three years ago, by Lord "Walsingham, from larvse found
feeding in the stems of Stachijs paJitsfris in the Cambridgeshire fens.
A closely allied species (sent by Professor Zeller, though probably in
error, under the name of Eemyana), with straight fascia, seems to
frequent the StacJ/i/s in Germany.

Pentliina saUceJIa, Linn.

Sideria acliafana. Fab. — Professor Zeller tells me that this species
feeds on sloe. M. Jourdheuille states between leaves of hawthorn
and fruit trees. Mr. Stainton assures me the insect swarms sometimes
with him on a hawthorn hedge.

Dichella Grotiana, Pab.

Dichella gnomana, Linn. — Description :

Alar. exp. 9 lines. Head and antennae reddish-oclireons. Palpi oclircous
■within, brown exteriorly. Thorax ochreoiis. Fore-wings shining ochreous, faintly
reticulated with reddish- brown, and with the markings reddish-brown. Basal
patch faintly indicated on the costa and inner margin. Central fascia most distinct
on the costa, and running obliquely in a narrow line to the middle of the wing, where
it forms a sharp angle towards the base, retiu'uing again (m a parallel direction to
the upper portion) to the inner margin. The central angulated portion of this fascia
is, however, in most specimens obliterated, leaving the oblique streaks on the costa
and inner margin. Before the apex is a broad flattened spot on the costa. Cilia
oclireous, faintly spotted with grey. Hind-wings whitish, tinged posteriorly with
grey. Cilia whitish.

Some time ago the Eev. Henry Burney sent me for examination
three specimens under the name of Tortrix latiorana. These I at
once found to be gnomana. On enquiry, he told me that they had
been sent him, fourteen or fifteen years ago, as varieties of Tortrix
costana by Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson. On further enquiry of Mr. Hodg-
kinson, it appears that they were taken with other Tortrices by a local
collector, and sent to him as Tortrix costana ; but he cannot now re-
member where they were taken. Under these circumstances, I venture
to insert gnomana as an addition to the British list, as there can be
no doubt, I think, of their nativity. Gnomana is a common species
abroad, and very likely to occur here. It has already been in our
lists, but apparently a variety of Pcronea fcrriigana has been mistaken
for it.

(Enectra Pilleriana, Schiff. — Zeller says " I bred it from Dicfamnus

130 - [Novembea-,

" aJlus from Vienna. Its i)rincipal food is vine, but it will probably
" feed on any plant." M. ^owv^WievaWe ^a-jii StctcJiys germanica. Mr.
Stainton bred it this summer from larvae sent to him from the South
of France on Asclejjias vincetoxlciim.

Clepsis ricsticcma, Treitschke. — Grerman specimens of this species
are larger than ours.

Norwich : October 9th, 1872.

NOTE ON OUE EECENT INVASION BY VANESSA ANTIOPA.
BT F. BUCHA^'AN WHITE, M.D.

More than half inclined as I am to accept Mr. Stainton' s theory
of the Scandinavian origin of the numerous specimens of Vanessa
Antiopa that have been captured or seen in Great Britain diiring the
past autumn, yet it occurs to me that a word or two might be said
against the "flown-over" theory.

1st. — Although most of the specimens recorded were seen on the
east side of the country, yet this may only show that V. Antiopa, like
several insects and plants which there can be no doubt are indigenous,
has a greater preference for the east, than for the west, side of the
country.

2ud. — Mr. Stainton notices the relative distribution of the
white-bordered and the yellow-bordered forms, and shows that, if the
specimens in question are immigrants, they must have come, most
probably, from Norway.

On the other hand, might it not be argued, that (supposing
Antiopa were not known to have occurred in Britain) the similarity
between the ScandinaAdan and British Faunas would lead one to pre-
dict that the form which might be expected to occur (at least in the
north of England and Scotland) would be the white-bordered one.

Or again, seeing that the majority of the records (both j^ast and
present) of this species are from the north-eastern counties of Britain
(I have records from almost every eastern county of Scotland, from
Berwickshire to Morayshire), is it not more probable that the northern,
rather than the southern, form should be the occurring one.

3rd. — As to the irregularity in the periods of its appearance (at
least, in unusual numbers) in this country, several of the Vanessidce
are notorious for their irregularity. Pyrameis cardui is a notable^
instance, and Vanessa polychlows is also, I believe, subject to it. This
latter insect (V. polychloros) has been taken during the past autumn
in Aberdeenshire, in a locality where V. Antiopa has also appeared,

J872. 131

Is it, too, then a fellow- voyager with the alleged " Viking " Antio2)a ?
Is it not possible that, if we had I'ccords extending over a greater
period of time, it would be found that the appearances (in numbers)
of these irregular insects were in cycles of years ?

4th. — The fine condition of many of the specimens can only
show that they have not "suffered a sea-change."

5th. — That larvae have not been found does not go far to support
either side of the question ; for, though the larvae of many of our
common butterflies are so rarely seen, yet, from its habits, I imagine
the larva of Antiopa should not be difficult to find.
Eastferry, by Dunkeld : October, 1872.

THE EECENT INVASION BY VANESSA ANTIOPA.
BT D. SHARP, M.B.

I cannot see any way of accounting for the simultaneous appear-
ance of numbers of Yanessa Antiojya over the country except by
immigration ; but, if this be the case, the insect must possess great
power of rapidly distributing itself.

I once observed a number of the larvae of this species (in the
Asturias) feeding on a willow hush, and not near the top.

I much wish all the evidence as to condition of specimens, &c.,
could be collected and collated, as the questions involved appear to
me of considerable importance.

If a large portion of the specimens be in good condition, immi-
gration would seem doubtful ; while, if the immigration theory be
true, some light should be thrown on the question of the locality of
their origin, by a knowledge of the facts as to condition of speci-
mens. The district where most specimens were found (especially if
in good condition), would appear to indicate the point where they
landed, at any rate.

Thornhill, Dumfries :

September 30th, 1872.

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF BAMASTER FEOM JAPAN.
BT E. C. RYE.

Damaster Lewisii, sp. n.

D. hlaptoidi proxime affinis ; staturd minore, pedihus comparatim
Jrreviorihus, thoracis lined Jcevi mcJiand longitudinali nulld vel ohsoletd,
elytrorum ajyicihus multo minus product is, discedens.

Long. corp. (summis mandibuloriim elytrorumque apicihus inclusis)
42—48 mill i in.

132 [November,

Habitat " Hiogo," in insula "Nipon," et " Simabara," «Ji insula
" Kushiu " Japanomm.

In the present state of our knowledge of the members of the
genus Damaster, I believe myself justified in considering as a distinct
species the insect of which the diagnosis appears above, and which
was detected and brought to this country by my fi'iend, Mr. George
Lewis, from two widely separated (by some 400 miles) Japanese
localities, one at Hiogo, on the coast of JSTipon, the largest island of
the group, and the other on Simabara, a volcanic mountain on the
coast of the smaller island Kushiu, — both of which are sandy dis-
tricts. I have myself seen upwards of forty examples of this insect,
which, from its smaller size, and shorter legs and elytral mucro, seems
well separable from _D. hlaptoicles, to which, however, it is most
certainly closely allied, and which appears only to be found in deep
peaty woods on old granitic formations, and to be excessively restricted
as to locality, occurring on the hills at the back of Nagasaki.

In addition to the above-mentioned characters of smaller size
(varying from nearly 1\ inches to nearly 2 inches, whereas hlap-
toides is always considerably over the latter measurement), com-
paratively shorter legs, much shorter mucronated apex of the elytra
(in which respect it seems intermediate between blaptoides and For-
tunci, which is only known to occur at Yokohama), and obsolete or
absent thoracic smooth median line, I observe that, comparing these
insects in the bulk with hlaptoides, they are apjiarently rather more
convex, and have an apparently shorter thorax, which is rather more
contracted in the lower third befoi'e the posterior angles. But I can
find no other differences ; any fancied discrepancy in colour or punc-
tuation disappearing on the comparison of a number of specimens.
As regards the miicronated apex of the elytra, individual peculiarities,
and even unsymmetrical developments in the same specimen, occur
in all the species ; but, allowing every possible latitude in this respect,
the difference remains very marked between hlapitoides and Leivisii.

I do not know whether it has been observed before, but it seem
to me beyond doubt that the elytral mucro is longer in the male sex
of all the species.

D. Forfnnei differs widely from the insect now under considera-
tion in its merely rudimentary elytral mucro, much shorter, wider,
and laterally sinuous thorax, which is usually somewhat brightly
metallic, more oval elytra, shorter and stouter limbs, &c. ; and the
small size, brightly metallic thorax, and rough punctuation of the
elytra of D. o^ngipennis, Mots. {auricolUs, C. O. Waterhouse), whicl
occurs at Hakodate in the North-eastern island Yesso, render aii\
comparison -n-ith that species unnecessary.

1872.1

133

I have mucli pleasure iu dedicating this insect to Mr. Lewis
(who practically also discovered D. ^nigipennis, as he described it to
me in a letter from Japan before the publication of the late Colonel
Motschoulsky's description) ; for, supposing that future explorers
may detect satisfactory links between it and hlaptoides, it will still
apparently deserve recognition as a well marked race. It may, how-
ever, be observed, that during a period of nearly eight years Mr.
Lewis and his native collectors have especially sought for Damaster
iu any form in very many localities.

From Mr. Lewis's account, these insects are known by the native
name " Biwa-Mushi," or "banjo-beetle," derived from their fiddle-
shape ; and the majority of his specimens were caught by native
wood-cutters on the floors of their open dwellings on the hill-sides at
night, or immediately after early dawn.

10, Lower Park Field, Putney, S.W. :
l-Uh October, 1872.

NOTES ON RETEROMERA, AND DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA
AND SPECIES (No. 2).

BY F. BATES.

Epiphtsa ovata, sp. n.

Entirely black, more or less shining, and with only a trace of the villose hairs
that clothe the head, between the eyes, in E. JlavicoUis ; labrum not ciliate with
long hairs ; middle lobe of epistoma squarely triiucated in front ; sides of prothorax
much less thickened than in E. flavicoUis, and without the coarse, longitudinal
rugosities exhibited by that species ; anteriorly on each side, and within the margin,
are a few large well-defined punctures, the margin itself being studded with small
tubercles ; the elytra are much narrower behind the shoulders than in E. JlavicoUis,
which gives to the body a more regularly oval form ; the discs are distinctly but
irregularly punctured, and sprinkled with small, scattered granules, which become
larger and more numerous near the margin and apex ; the epipleuraj, or inflexed
portions of the elytra, are studded with large, well-defined, oblique tubercles, which
become smaller and more dispersed near the inner edge, or epipleural fold (in E.
JlavicoUis the tubercles on the epipleurse are smaller, flatter, more confused, and
thickly interspersed with granules) : the punctuation, &c., on the under surface, is
much lighter, the legs less asperate, slightly longer and more slender than in E.
Jiavicollis ; tlie prosternum is not channelled throughout its length, but the apical
two-thirds are depressed and longitudinally corrugated (in E. Jiavicollis the proster-
num is strongly grooved, or channelled, throughout its length, and this groove
gradually opens out as it approaches the front). Long. 9 — 85 lines.

Hah. : Benguela ; two examples.

My comparisons of these two species are based upon six examples
of flavicoUis and two of ovata ; in four of the examples of the former

134 [November,

(which I assume to be the typical form) the whole surface is densely
opaque, the prosternal groove, and the "pad" (or "bourrelet" of
Lacordaire) formed on each side by the widening out of this groove
anteriorly, is quite smooth and impunctate ; the meso- and metasterna
and the two first segments of the abdomen are moderately rugose and
punctured : in my fifth example, which I shall consider var. 5 (? a sex
of the type), the surface is not so opaque, the whole of the prosternum
between the coxae (both groove and pad) is very strongly corrugated,
and, on the pads, punctured ; the mesosternum is strongly and some-
what obliquely corrugated, the intervals between the corrugations being
coarsely punctured ; the metasternum is strongly reticulate-punctate ;
the first segment of the abdomen (and the second also, but in a less
degree), on the middle, is coarsely punctured and longitudinally
rugose : in my sixth example, which I shall consider var. c, the whole
surface is still less opaque than in var. 5, the markings on the under-
side are similar in character, but less strong in degree ; the head above
is glabrous, and the middle lobe of the ej)istoma is sub -truncated, and
without the three blunt teeth at the fore-margin: this var. would
seem to form a link connecting the two species, but there are, I think,
too many and important differences to permit of their being considered
as one species.

Epiputsa ciliata, sp. n.

In tliis species the form is more elongate and still more rcgnlarlj oval, and less
convex, than in the preceding ; the elytra are slighly opaque by their entire " gi'Oimd"
surface being very minutely granulated ; the head is more strongly villose above
than in i/. Jlavicollis, the hairs extending further down on each side, entirely filling
up the gi'ooves that mark off the lateral lobes of the epistoma ; the middle lobe of
the epistoma is squarely truncated in front ; the labrum is ciliate with long hairs
anteriorly ; the margins of the prothorax are rather coarsely punctured ; there are
also a few other punctures on each side, within the margin, both in front and at the
base, and from each of these punctures (as well as from those on the margin) arises
a long, pale-golden hair, those on the margin being sub-erect ; the discs of the elytra
(besides the "bottom" or "ground" character already mentioned) are vaguely
punctate, and are sprinkled with minute granules ; the sides, apex and epipleurre
are tuberculate as in the preceding species, but from each tubercle on the epipleiu-aj
arises a long, sub-erect, pale-golden hair, so that the elytra, when viewed from above,
appear ciliated ; the prosternum is not channelled throughout its length, but the
longitudinal depression is deeper and more marked than in the preceding species.

Long. W\ lines.
Sal). : Angola ; a single example.

ArTENIS HaAGI, sp. 11.

Differs from A. rufescens in being smaller ; the colour, especially of the head
and prothorax (which approaches castancous) much deeper ; the antenna? and legs,

1872.] 135

relatively, more robust ; the antennEe, especially, being stouter, the joints more
cylindrical, squarely truncated at the apex and tipped with black ; the last joint
is scarcely as long as the preceding and tapers to a fine point ; the eyes are smaller,
narrower, a little less approximate beneath and, relatively, more coarsely facetted ;
the punctuation of the head, prothorax and under-side is much stronger, coarser and
closer ; the hind tihice are straight. Long. 3^ lines.

Sab. : Peru ; a single example.

In the strong and close punctuation of the head and prothorax
this species assimilates itself to Chorasmius procerus ; but, whilst in
Gliorasmius the antennae are as in Aryenis rufescens — with the ma-
jority of the joints elongate-obconic and sub-nodose at the apex — in
the present species these organs more closely approach the form seen
in Evaniosomus, having the joints relatively stouter, shorter, sub-
cylindrical, and truncated at the apex.

The large, sub-prominent eyes, approximate beneath, the sub-
cyliudrical prothorax, and the presence of wings, clearly associate the
present species with A. rufescens.

CnoEASMiFS, mild.

To the characters already pointed out by me (Trans. Ent. Soc,
1868, p. 310, note) as separating this genus from Evaniosomus, it is
necessary to add, that the elytra are entirely margined at the base.
Leicester : October, 1872.

Hote on the occurrence in JEngland of Anisotoma brunnea (Sturm), Er., a
distinct species from A. obesa, Schmidt. — Among an enormous niunber (nearly 300 !)
of examples of various species of Anisotoma recently taken by my valued corres-
pondent, Mr. R. Lawson, out of flood refuse near Scarborough, and kindly sent to
me for examination, I find a few individuals, of both sexes, which are evidently to be
referred to a very distinct species, and one certainly not as yet recorded as British.
This I cannot think to be any other than Erichson's exposition (Ins. Deutschl. ill,
p. 72) of A. brunnea, Sturm, attributed by Dr. Kraatz (in Stettin, ent. Zeit. xiii,
p. 379) to obesa, Schmidt, as a small form ; an opinion in which he has hitherto
been followed by all writers. I feel sure, however, from the characters mentioned
by Erichson for A. brunnea, and from these specimens of Mr. Lawson's agreeing so
exactly in every respect therewith, that Dr. Kraatz must have been misled by some
confusion in Erichson's real or supposed exponents of A. brunnea. Dr. Kraatz's
opinion is apparently founded on the fact that the words of Erichson's descriptions
of the two insects are in some instances applicable to both. But, on Dr. Kraatz's own
shewing, the two are quite distinct, for he emphatically points out the strong and
somewhat distant punctuation of the stria? as a character for obesa ; whereas
Erichson states that in brunnea it is " meist ziemlich dicht und fein." Besides this
important discrepancy, Erichson's obesa is If lin. long, in the section with strongly
i dilated anterior tibiae, convex, with an ample thorax and the 3rd joint of its antennae

136 [November,

double as long as the secoud, and (in the $ ) with the anterior tarsi slightly dilated,
the posterior femora with an obsolete denticle beneath at the lower apex, and the
posterior tibiae Ji-arcuate (as in dubia, $ ) ; whereas his brurmea is from f to 1 lin.
long, in the section with linear anterior tibiae, only slightly convex, with thorax
rather narrower than its elytra, 3rd joint of antennae only somewhat longer than
the 2nd, and (in the $ ) with the anterior tarsi not at all dilated, the femora not
even obsoletely toothed beneath, but terminating in an obtuse angle, and the tibiaj
singly curved. These important differences are not mentioned by Dr. Kraatz.
A. ohesa, in fact, very strongly resembles large-sized dubia, but is of shorter and
broader, with a narrower club to its entirely ferruginous antennae, more acute
posterior angles to its less strongly punctured thorax, and coarser and more remote
punctures (especially towards the base) in the striae of its elytra. I am indebted to
Dr. Power for the sole British exponent I possess of this species.

A. brunnea, according to Erichson and Mr. Lawson's specimens above men-
tioned, averages rather less in size than calcai-ata : it is entirely ferruginous,
shining, with a narrow club to its concolorous antennae, of which the apical joint is
not narrower than the preceding ; its thorax is not sinuate at the base on each side,
and has its posterior angles almost as acute as in litura {prnata, Faiinn.) ; the striae
of its elyti"a are (for an Anisotoma) fine, with the punctures small and closely packed
(I obsei-ve, moreover, that the striae are rather irregular, the 3rd one especially being
slightly waved outwards about the middle). The hind legs of the fully developed (J
are much after the scheme of the same sex of A. litura, but the tibiae are not so
elongate or so much curved inwards at the apex, and are broader throughout (the
narrower and entirely ferruginous club, with comparatively wider apical joint, at
once separate this species from A. litura). — E. C. Rye, 10, Lower Park Field,
Putney, S.W. : October, 1872.

Note on Anisotoma lunicollis. Rye. — -The opportunity of examining a few more
specimens of this most distinct species enables me to add to my original description
the fact that its elytra are set with very short and scattered ciliae just above the
outer margins, somewhat after the fashion of A.furva and ciliaris, though in a much
less marked degi-ee. The outer edge of the anterior tibiae, also, is not so straight
as usual, being somewhat irregular between the roots of the spinose setae. — Id.

Note on " carding " beetles. — As I do not thmk it probable that the opportunely
introduced strictures of my esteemed colleague, Mr. McLachlan (note, p. 103 of the
present vol.), are founded upon any personal acquaintance with the system of mount-
ing Coleoptera on card, I can only presume that they are based upon inferences
erroneously deduced fi'om its apparent inapplicability to specimens of the Order
upon which he is now writing. But I can safely assert, in reply to his sweeping
condemnation of a practice employed by all British Coleopterists, that I have never
had the least difficulty in readily floating off and examining the under-sides of beetles
so mounted. If my colleague has tried the system, he must, I think, have used some
unfit medium for mounting ; at all events, the " gum beclogged tarsi," to which
he so pathetically alludes, have never come in my way, as I have always found a
moderate amount of tragacanth capable of almost instantaneous removal. If it were
worth while to defend the system of carding against mere random objections, it i
could be urged that this little trouble of floating off specimens to examine their

1872.] 137

lower sides is the sole semblance of a valid objection to it ; and that this objection
seems much more than counterbalanced by the infinitely better and safer condition
and capability of manipulation and transmission of carded specimens, the natural
facies of which (especially of Malacodermata, Brachelytra, &c.) can only be eo
preserved, by their freedom from the initial distortion and damage and subsequent
(often speedy) destruction by verdigris consequent on pinning, and by the much
better view that is thereby obtainable of the proportions and structure of limbs
(for it is quite a mistake to suppose that minute characters escape observation in
carded beetles : Mr. WoUaston, the introducer and constant employer of the system,
cannot well be accused of omitting to notice anything). As regards mere facies, I
hope my colleague will pardon a rash opinion, not founded on practical acquaintance,
that, in a series of each species, a smgle carded specimen of one of the smaller objects
of his study, mounted by a competent hand, seems to me more likely to preserve the
semblance of nature than the usual shrivelled and distorted pinned examples which
may more readily exliibit (when you can get to see them) minute structural details.

In this country, with its comparatively small amount of insect life, there seems
little doubt that carding is the best method for preserving beetles : in more prolific
regions, it might not be worth while to piu'sue it, on account of the slight extra
waste of time entailed by it. But, so far from the practice being on the wane, as
my colleague thinks, it is apparently on the increase. In the last two parts of
' L'AbeiUe,' M. de Marseul publishes copious directions by MM. Meyer-Diir and
Leprieur for mounting insects on card, accompanied by an able exposition of the
benefits thereby accruing ; though, ciu'iously enough, tragacanth does not appear to
be known to either of those gentlemen, nor do they seem to be aware of the long
space of time dm-ing which the system has been in use elsewhere.

I do not know where my colleague often sees carded Carabi. English Coleop-
terists generally draw the line at Sarpalus or thereabouts. — Id.

Vanessa Antiopa in Dumfries-shire. — On Satiirday afternoon, 31st August, when
turning the corner at the enti y of the grounds here, a large butterfly flew up from
the grass, almost from under my feet, causing me to start back, and the next moment
I recognised it as Antioj^a. It flew up and away very swiftly and strongly (indeed,
a strong wind was blowing at the time), yet I had time not only to see that it was
the Camberwell Beauty, but that it was worn and in bad condition. — D. Shaep,
Thoruhai, Dumfries : September ZOth, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa near Colchester. — About a dozen specimens of V. Antiopa
have been captiu-ed hereabouts, and several others have been seen. I captured two
imder pear trees, and four others were captured under other pear trees close by the
same spot. Two were taken on a fig tree attracted by the ripe fruit. Three or four
have been captured by boys and working men, who have maltreated them grievously.
One was brought me with a thorn thrust through the thorax ; another in a basket
with a log of wood upon it to keep it quiet ; and two were discovered nailed up on a
shoemaker's door by a man who works for me. Sleepy pears seem to possess especial
channs for them. — W. H. IIaeWood, St. Peter's, Colchester : September 19th, 1872.

Occurrence of Vanessa Antiopa again near Eltham. — My unentomological friend,
who captured the Vanessa Antiopa recorded in last month's Magazine, secured

][3g [November,

another epecimen on the 29th ultimo : this time in his dining room, into which it
flew through the open window about mid-day, resting on the table, and allowing a
tumbler to be placed over it. From its feeble flight, and from the sluggish state it
is now in (for it is still alive) , it was no doubt seeking a place wherein to hibernate.

With the exception of being slightly damaged at the edges of the hind-wings,
the specimen is in excellent condition, and hardly gives one the idea of having
migrated. The baud is of a pale cream colour, and the ground colour a richer
chocolate, and the blue spots brighter, than in the other example. — A. H. Jones,
Shrublands, Eltham : 2)jd October, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at Southsea.' — A very good specimen of Vanessa Antiopa was
captured at Southsea by my nephew, on September 3rd. — L. M. S. Paslet, Moor-
hill, Fareham, Hants : September 21st, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa. — There have been in all, three specimens of Antiopa taken
here ; one at Saltburn, three near Richmond, and one near Barnardcastle. Two or
three were also seen since the last captures. The first seen (by a collector) flew as if
the wings were soft, flappy and slowly, and was evidently quite fresh. It just managed
to escape by popping over a hedge. One seen three weeks after was also quite fresh
and perfect. I fancy many of those which are rubbed have become so through
handling, as the two I took had both been caught in the hand, by a lady, a few days
before, and let off again. This was in the same garden I took them in, and which
they had frequented every day tiU I caught them.— John Sang, Darlington : lith
October, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa at GuestUng, near Hastings ; and at SuffolJc. — A specimen of
tliis insect was taken here in the beginning of this month : I do not know the exact
date. I send also an extract from the ' Ipswich Joiu'ual ' of, I believe, August 31st :
"A fine specimen of the Camberwell Beauty {Vanessa Antiopa) was caught in the
" Rectory garden. Little G-lemham, by Master R. H. King, on Friday last [probably
"August 23rd]. This is the second within the last two seasons that has been caught
" here. On the following day, another specimen was taken by Master W. Long, at
" Tuddenham Vicarage, and another perfect specimen was taken on the 25th inst.,
"by Mr. W. Dounes, of Bungay."

I have since heard that they have caught two or three at Little Glemham. —
E. N. Bloomfield, Guestling Rectory : September 2\st, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa. — I cannot agree in the opinion suggested by my kind friend,
Mr. Stainton, that the specimens of Vanessa Antiopa which appeared in this country
in August and September were of continental origin. I believe every one of them
was bred in this country.

Moses Harris gives figiu'cs of this species in his ' Aurclian,' and does not say
that it was uncommon when he wrote, a century ago. He states that " the catcr-
" piUar feeds on willow, and is always found on the highest branches ; its manner
" of feeding, time of change, and all other parts of its history are exactly similar to
" those of the peacock, so that I think it will be quite unnecessary to say anything
" further. The fly appears at exactly the same time as the peacock."

1872.] 139

There does not appear to me to be anythiug more remarkable in the appearance
and disappearance of Tanessa Aiitiopa, than of many other species. Vanessa poly-
chloros was formerly one of oui- commonest butterflies here ; it then suddenly dis-
appeared, and for ten years I did not see a single specimen, but last year it again
appeared in tolerable plenty. Many of the NoctucB disappear and re-appear in the
same way, without any apparent cause.

There is a peculiarity in the appearance of British specimens of V. Antiopa
which at once distinguishes them from the continental ones, independently of the
difference in the colour of the border of the wings. — Henet Doubledat, Epping :
October 12th, 1872.

Eulepia cribrum at Wimbledon Common.—On the 26th of Jiily, I went to
Wimbledon Common in the liopes of catching Vanessa polycliloros, which I had
Been there two days previously. On my way to the spot, I foimd a colony of
Zygmna trifolli, a species I have never seen in this district before. Arrived at the
ground, I soon took a V. polychloros, and while vainly searching for more, took several
JEndotricha fiammealis in very fine condition. Thus engaged, I stumbled across a
fair specimen of Eulepia cribrum, to my great surprise. I shall be glad to learn if
this insect has been taken in this locality before. A second expedition with my
friend, Mr. J. B. Blackburn, was a failure. On my way home, I found in a spider's
web a wing of Leucania coniyera, which species I believe to be new to this locality ;
and in the middle of August, A. puta, also new to Wandsworth, occurred on lamps.
—a. B. LoNGSTAFF, Southfield, Wandsworth, S.W. : Uh October, 1872.

Sterrha sacraria at Manchester. — On the evening of September 5th last, I was
at the Freemasons' Hall, in Manchester, attending one of the Masonic Lodges held
there. After "Labour," we adjom-ned to " Eefreshment," and, on entering the
Banquetting Room, I saw a whitish-looking moth flying round a gas pendant ; just
as I took my seat it fell upou the table, on to the side of a plate opposite to me : to
my astonishment, it was Sterrha sacraria, a fine one. A more unlikely place for it
I could scarcely imagine. I attempted to box it, but before I could do so, it flew
up to tl^e gas, and came down wingless. — John T. Careington (late of York),
Manchester : October, 1872.

Zelleria saxifrages. — This species is no longer unique as British. I saw several
specimens, and captured one or two, when botauising in Glen Lyon, Perthsliire, last
August. The specimens were flying in the afternoon among Cystopteris montana
and (what is more to the point) Saxifraga hypnoides, aizoides, &c., on some rocks
at an elevation of about 2500 feet. This is about 1100 feet higher than the locality
in Braemar for this species.— F. Buchanan White, Dunkeld : October, 1872.

A slwrt account nf a four days' trip to Shprwood Forest. — On Tuesday, August
20th, Mr. Porritt, of Huddersfield, Mr. Mosely, of Almondbury Bank, Huddersfield,
and the writer of this, started for Worksop, en route for Sherwood Forest, for the
purpose of collecting larvae and moths. We arrived at the quiet village of Edwin-
stowe, where we settled oiir head quarters at the " Royal Oak." Our whole time
during the day was spent in searching for larvra, pupo", &c., and at night in sugaring,
— and a most successfid time of it we had. We met a son of Mr. Birchall, of Leeds

240 [November,

engaged in the same work, who joined our party. The beating for larvee was not a
great success, as we only took a few good things : — five larvae of N. dodoncEa, two of
N. dromedarius, two of A. leporina. Amongst the others were plenty of E- punc-
taria, A. hetularia, C. prasinana, &o. The pupsB of A. aprilina seemed very scarce,
as we only got half-a-dozen between us. The sugaring at night was a great success,
although the variety of captures was not large. The following is a list of the cap-
tures : — C. diluta, X. polyodon, C. Cytheria, L ccespitis (flying over the heath),
T. janthina, fimbria, orhona and pronuha, N. glareosa, Dahlii, bella, neglecta (I got a
fine specimen of the grey variety), xantliographa (in hundreds), 0. sui^pecta, E. ful-
vago (of this pretty moth, we took about 500 specimens between us), C. trapezina,
A. occulta (one specimen of this fell to my lot), G. libatriw ; and each of us was so
fortunate as to procm-e specimens of the scarce S. anomala. We took several speci-
mens of the beautiful Crambus pinetellus, one worn T. querc&s, and one A. Adippe.
At ragwort, we found many C. graminis throughout the day. The numbers of E.
fulvago taken this year must have been very large, as there were other collectors
there who were equally successfid.

Such is a short account and list of caj^tures d\iring about four pleasant days ;
and we all returned to our several destinations well pleased with our success. —
G. C. B. Madden, Ahnondbmy, Huddersfield : August 26th, 1872.

Captures of Lepidoptera in Sherwood Forest. — I captured a splendid albino
variety of Polyommatus phlceas in this locality on the 18th of August last. The
usual copper colour is replaced on all the wings by a beautiful creamy-white. The
specimen is a female, and in good condition.

Noctu(B came to sugar in extraordinary numbers ; oak-feeding species being the
most abiindant. Etiperia fulvago was unusually common, as many as 157 having
been taken in one night. This moth occurred in almost every conceivable situation,
— at sugar, flying in the sunshine, on tree trunks, on ilowers, and by beating from
oaks. Noctua glareosa, neglecta and Dahlii, Stilbia anomala, and Crambus inquini-
telltis and pinetelhis were well represented ; and other entomologists during the
same week captured Luperina cespitis, Neuria saponarice, and Aplecta occulta.
A specimen of Vanessa Antio2oa was seen but not captured, and others were heard
of from residents at Edwinstowc.

As the conditions under which sugar proves attractive to Noctua are still some-
what uncertain, I think it may be of interest to mention that on the 17th August
(the day I started for Sherwood), the wind changed from W. to E., and remained
E. and N.E, during the week of my visit. There was also a sudden rise in temper-
ature coincident with the change of wind. On August 16th, the highest marked by
the thermometer was 63. On August 17th it rose to 85, and remained high during
the week, the highest daily reading never sinking below 75. No rain fell to the
22nd, and on that day the numbers of NoctucB diminished ; the 23rd was a ' real
bad ' night. I may also mention that during tlie whole time we wore favoiu'cd with
a clear sky, and the full light of a harvest moon.

Larva; were scai-ce, though a considerable number of Notodonta dodonea were
taken.

A fuU-fed larva of Cossus ligniperda was brought to me at the Inn by a laboiu-er.
He had found it walking across a path, and had put it carefully into a tobacco box.
He informed me that he had " got a fearful brute," and proceeded to open the box

1872.] 141

at arms length on the floor, the landlady standing by with her apron in her mouth.
As soon as I saw it, I took it up : " Lord," says he, " I darnt ha' done that for a
" week's wage. I niver seed such an a beast afore i' all my puff." — IIowabd
BiBCHALL, Kirkstall Q-rove : October Gth, 1872.

Captures at Wlthcrslach : Argyrolepia luridana and other species — On the 18th
of July, I went 40 miles north from Manchester, in hopes of again meeting with A.
hiridana. Although the day had been fine, the rain came down in torrents before
I reached Grange, and from there I had four miles to walk, so that it was nearly
dark by the time I reached the locality for A. luridana. I only boxed one Ptero-
phorus Bertrami and a few Argyrolepia hadiana ; nothing else was stirring, except
Cramhus culmellus and a few common OeometridcB.

The next morning, on the bank opposite the Inn, I found a specimen of Catop-
tria, Westwoodiana {expallidana) , but could not find a second. An odd specimen of
Cramhus falsellus, Lithosia cnmplanula, and worn specimens of Eupithecia distinctata,,
were all I could beat out of the dripping wet yews and hollies. So I resolved to go
over Whitbarrow : on the moss I had to pass, I saw Hyria auroraria, Cnephasia
lepidana, and larvae of Hadena glauca ; on Whitbarrow itself, I saw nothing worth
boxing, only Elachista Oleichenella and Argyresthia dilectella, and an odd specimen
of E. triseriatella. As I returned, I took a fine Argynnis Aglaia settled on some
wild thyme : it is the Charlotta variety.

In the evening I was joined by a young friend, Mr. H. Threlfall, and we took
one Coleophora fuscociliella, 72 Hypenodes humidalis, together with sundry Ebulea
crocealis, sericealis, Dicrorampha consortana, Catoptria ScopoUana, Pterophorus
Bertrayni, osteodactylus, plagiodactylus, bipunctidactylus, Parasia Metzneriella,
Coleophora limosipennella, pyrrhulipennella, viminetella, &c.

The next morning we went on to the moss to look for Elachista serricornis, but
could not find a single one, nor even E. rhynchosporella ; the only thing worth pin-
ning was Coleophora juncicolella. In a dark shady place, we took a fine Cnephasia,
Penziana. We then turned to larva hunting, and I got what I expect will prove to
be larva3 of Dep. pallorella, and found a fine larva of Calocanipa exoleta feeding on
the hawkweed. Then we collected a number of Nemotois minimellus, Qelechia senec-
tella, Oracilaria auroguttella, &c. It was now nearly nine o'clock, and I was quite
giving up all hopes of A. luridana, when a moth flew past me and settled on a twig
in the hedge, and I saw it was A. hiridana, and made a dash at it, and secured it :
a rather worn male specimen (the first week in July is the proper time for this
insect) ; this is the seventh specimen I have taken.

On our way home on the following morning, we met with a fine Pterophorus
Bertrami by the road side, and boxed a score of Euchromia rujana. — J. B. HoDGKlN-
SON, 15, Spring Bank, Preston : August \2th, 1872.

Morayshire NoctucB in 1872. — -When, in December last, I made up my yearly
return of captures in Morayshire, I imagined we had experienced as bad a season
as possible. The result of the past season, however, has been infinitely worse.
Indeed, from the almost constant rain and low temperature, most of the Noctuce
usually common here have been either very scarce, or entirely wanting.

For comparison with other localities, more than to record rarities, I ventui'c to
give the result of my doings here.

February 20th — Found many laiTa; of S. anomala ; they are best found by the
aid of a lantern, for they feed quite exposed at night on grass : the moth afterwards
in the autumn, sparingly. I also bred Anarta myrtilU. March 14th — On the

}^-j,2 [November,

willow and sallow catkins, T. satellitia, C. exoleta, C. vaccinii, T. gothica, stahilis
and instahilis, and T. piniperda ; contrary to my usual experience, the female catkins
seemed the most attractive. 15th — C. Jlavicornis at rest on a white wall, afterwards
common in similar places. 18th — T. rubricosa, rare, at palms. April 9th — After
heayy snow and frost, took my first pair of T. gothicina on sallow blooms on high
heather-clad laud. This is the same locality that has in previous years yielded me
gothicina, which I never saw in the low country, where gothica swarms : this fact
seems worth recording. 10th — Saw fine Tl. versicolor and many JB. parthenias in the
Altyre Woods. 17th — Bred the first of a fine series of S. rectilinea from Aberdeen-
shu'e larvse. 25th — -Bred A. ligustri ; the moth afterwards was more plentiful at
sugar than I ever knew it before. Swept 27 laiwae of A. agathina, and afterwards
hundreds more : I can, however, never succeed in getting this species into pupa-
The moth in August was veiy scarce. May 4th — Swept 45 larvso of A. agathina,
and one N. neglecta. 7th — Larvas of E. nigra very abundant on plantain. 12th —
Bred C. umhratica ; the moth later on occurred over flowers and at rest. 24th —
Dug out of tufts of Salix repens in the Culbin Sands, 156 larvae of A. j^rcecox, and
one A. valUgera. 27th — First Q. libatrix at sugar, afterwards common. 2Stli —
C. cubic idar is &i ve&t : very eai4y .'' 29th — X. rurea and H. thalassina, both com-
mon at sugar. 30th — Swept a larva from heather which could be no other than
P. interrogationis. June 4th — S. adusta, common at sugar. 6th — T. batis and
A. rumicis, both common at sugar. 7th — D. coryli at rest ; bi-ed C. Cytherea.
9th — D. capsincola over Lychnis. 11th — H. dentina at sugar. 13th — P. gamma
over flowers ; many larvae on nettles in August : JV. plecta at sugar. 14th — M.
anceps and R. tenebrosa at sugar. 18th — M. brassicas at rest ; M. fasciimcula very
abundant at sugar. 19th — j^''. rtibi abundant ; E. lucipara and N. brunnea, both
common at sugar (the former much more so than usual) ; A. basilinea and A.
suffiisa also at sugar. 22nd — Larvae of A. tritici swarming in the garden. I had
hundreds turned to pupae, which, however, yielded me only one moth, the others
being all infested with Ichneumon sarcitorius. I only took one specimen of tritici
afterwards at rest, instead of hundreds as in former years. First X. polyodon at
sugar ; very abundant later on ; both the dark and ordinary forms. 24th — Many
H. oleracea at sugar, with M. strigilis, H. adusta, and X. conjlua ; the latter im-
usually abundant. 26th — N. augur at sugar ; also A. nebulosa, which has occurred
here far more abundantly this year than before. 27th — L. lithargyria at sugar,
with A. gemina, A. segetum, N. c-nigrtim, and T. prouuba. 29th — A. exclamationis
and N. festiva at sugar. 30th — A. porphyrea with net. July 1st — A. ligustri
at sugar ; very common. 3rd— ^i. corticea at siigar ; II. contigua, rare, at Cossus-
birch. 4tli — Cossus Ugniperda at rest. Took with net three II. marginata over
Ononis; they were plentiful, but past their prime. 6th — T. subsequa at sugar; a
month earlier than usual. I only took five or six afterwards, one specimen shewing
a remarkable tendency to melanism. C. blanda, rare, at sugar. 9th — X. triangulum
was micommon at sugar ; L. conigera. 10th — M. typica at sugar. 11th — A.
oculea at sugar. 12th — First dark orbona at rest ; afterwards many at sugar, but
not so abundant as last year, although I got some varieties I never saw before.
13th — X. baja, common at sugar. 18th — L. impura at sugar, rare. 21st — P.
v-aureum over Lychnis, much less common than usual. 22nd — T. fimbria at sugar ;
also M. literosa. 25th — A. valligera on Cossus-birch and at sugar; X. xantho-
grapha, rare, at sugar. 28th — A. nigricans bred ; larvse of D. cucubali from Silene.
29th — First L. pallens at sugar. August 1st— Took P. bractea over knap-weed,
but lost it again. 6th — X. depuncta at sugar. 8th — X. cerago at sugar. 10th —
X. Dahlii, fii-st at sugar, afterwards plentifid. 13th — E.fulcago, only one at sugar.

1872.1 143

14th — S. anomala, rare, at rest and at sugar. 15th — A. tragopogonis at rest. 23rd
— E. nigra not uncommon ; H. micacea at sugar. 29th — R. protea at rest and at
sugar. September 4th — First A. lltura and C. trapezina, both very scarce this year.
7th — H. urticce, larvse abundant on nettles. 9th — First A. agathina and N. neglecta,
both very scarce. 12th — P. chi at rest. This moth usually swarms here ; this year
I only observed one specimen. C. vettista at sugar. 13th — C. exoleta rare. 23rd
— First A. aprilina and P. meticulosa. — Geo. Normax, Clmiy Hill, Forres, N.B. :
October, 1872.

Description of the larva, ^c, of Ephestia artemisiella. — My friend, Mr. D'Orville,
has for some years cultivated various plants in his garden with the sole object of
attracting Lepidoptera, either in the imago or in the larva state, and with some
considerable success. Amongst other species, E. artemisiella has been a more or less
constant visitor, inducing at last the belief that it was bred in the garden, and lately,
Mr. D'Orville has been able to prove this to be the fact, and now desires me to put
together some account of his investigations.

The egg-state has not been observed, — but probably, the eggs are laid low down
near the ground, on the tough woody stalks near the roots of Artemisia absinthium,
as it is here generally, in old plants, that the larvae are found to have made their
entrance, and excavated mines or chambers for themselves, while feeding on the
central substance of the root-stalks, much after the manner of some of the Sesiidce.

In such situations, one might naturally suppose these larvse would be more than
usually free from molestation, but experience proves this not to be the case, as it
happens that very few larvae are so lucky as to escape an attack by a small prying
ichneumon, their inveterate foe, Lissonota hortorum, Grav., specimens of which have
been kindly identified by the Rev. T. A. Marshall.

On the 7th of December, 1871, many of the larvse were found to be quite small,
others more than half-grown, while some pf the ichneumons had already formed
their cocoons in the mines of their victims ; indeed, towards the end of the month,
one female ichneumon was bred, and during the months of March and the first week
of April, 1872, Mr. D'Orville bred as many as seventeen of both sexes, and, had these
been at large, no doubt they would have sought out a number of the remaining larvse
of artemisiella, in which to deposit their eggs, thus causing their destruction both in
autiunn and in spring. In fact, both artemisiella and its parasite become full-fed in
the larva state over a period of some latitude ; but, while the ichueu.mon has also the
same range for the appearance of the imago, artemisiella is, in that respect, more
restricted, all the moths we bred (some fourteen in number) appearing between
June 23rd and July 18th.

That we bred any moths seemed strange, for, although the root-stalks of worm,
wood were traversed in many directions by the mines of the larvse, yet, on cutting
some of them open, I found biit one living larva amongst a host of ichneumon piipse.

As the young larva of this species differs only in size from the adult, it will bo
sufficient to describe it when fvdl-grown. At that time, when extended, its length is
half an inch, veiy plump and fat-looking, cylindrical, and tapering from the third
segment just a little towards the head, which is a trifle the smallest, the anal seg-
ment tapers suddenly and considerably, all the legs are short ; the skin is smooth
and without much gloss, excepting the head, the plate behind it, and one on the
anal tip, which are very shining ; the segments arc tolerably well-defined at the
divisions, the sub-divisions much more delicately ; the sides are dimpled, and the
spiracular region a little inflated.

In colour, it appears almost white, but in reality is a very pale faintly greyish
flesh colouv, with the slightest dorsal line of pale greyish-brown ; the head is dark

X44 [NoTember,'1872.

brownish-red, with the moiith blackish, the plate on the second segment is brownish-
red in front, and very dark brown at the back, and is dorsally divided by a line of the
pale flesh colour of the body ; the ocellated spot on the sides of the third and of the
twelfth segments is a ring of pale gi-eyish-brown, with the whitish ground colour in
the centre ; the very minute tubercular dots are pale grey-brown, and a fine pointed
hair of the same colour proceeds from each of them ; the plate on the anal tip is of
the same greyish-brown tint as the anterior legs, the ventral legs being tipped with
dark brown hooks.

The pupa is about three-eighths of an inch in length and somewhat slender, the
wing cases long in proportion ; it is of a light reddish-brown coloiu", sometimes
rather dark brown, and shining ; it is enclosed in a whitish silken cocoon, and
attached by the tail to a little pad of silk ; the cocoon is spun amongst gnawings and
frass held together with a mixture of silk of a tough consistence, and quite filling the
mine above and below ; the head of the pupa is from a quarter to half an inch from
the entrance, and the extent of the mine oi' chamber below the pupa is generally
about five-eighths of an inch in length.

The ichneumon case or cocoon is found in a part of the excavation not far from
the entrance, where it seems exactly to fit the hollow in which it reposes ; it is five
lines long, slender and cylindrical, and rounded at each end. Soon after its forma-
tion, it is of a pale mahogany-brown colour, highly polished and semi-transparent,
so that the unchanged whitish grub within can be partially seen through ; but after a
few days its occupant becomes invisible, as the case either loses its transparency, or
the colour of the pupa then assimilates with the case, which retains its colour to the
last : the perfect ichneumon makes a circular hole oil the side of the case, near the
top, for its exit. — William BrcKLER, Emswoi-th : Scptemher, 1872.

On the larva of Depressaria depressella. — During the last few days I have been
breeding D. depressella from larvse obtained the beginning of August from the
umbels of wild-can-ot. The umbels seldom contained less than two and never more
than five larvae, biit, though they feed close together, they covild scarcely be called
gregarious, as each spun its own web or tubular chamber.

Though all had the raised enamelled spots, they difi^ered much in the ground
colour, and I described three distinct forms : — 1st, a pale transparent green ; 2nd, a
yellowish red-brown (as the figure in Nat. Hist. Tin., vol. vi) ; 3rd, a deep green (as
deep as the larva of Somoeosoma senecionis) .

These three varieties were kept apart, and spun their cocoons withoiit appreciably
altering their respective colours.

In the perfect state I see no difference in the specimens. I did not at the time
notice whether the different coloured larvae frequented the same individual plants. —
Sydney Webb, Eedstone Manor, Eed Hill : August 29tk, 1872.

On the oviposition of Pternphorus pentadactylus, L., in confinement. — At eleven
o'clock in the evening of the 18th July last, a " Plume," which Mr. Stainton has
kindly determined as above, came to my lamp, and at last settled on the book I was
reading. After being confined for a few minutes under a glass bell on the mantel-
piece, it laid, at intervals of a few seconds, eleven minute, oval, white, semi-opaque
ova. The next morning I found it lying dead on the eggs, which were loosely
scattered about. Mr. Stainton having informed me that the larva eats leaves of
Convolvulus arvensis in May, I conclude that the " Plume " was attracted by two
pots planted with an exotic Convohmbis, and standing in the immediate vicinity of
the window through which it made its entrance. — Albekt Mulleb, Norwood :
August, 1872.

December, 1872 ]

145

NOTES ON TWO NEW GENEEA OF FSOCIDJE.
BY BARON E. de SELYS-LONGCHAMPS.

Last year, in preparing for the ' Societe entomologique de Bel-
giqne ' a revision of the ' Psocides ' described by E-ambur (a paper not
yet pxiblislied), I noticed two genera (or sub-genera) Avhicb were not
included among the twenty-one genera characterized by Dr. Hagen in
his ' Psocinorum Synopsis synonymica ' in 1866. I communicated
the types of these to my friend, Mr. McLachlan, not having absolute
confidence in my own eyes concerning the existence, or non-existence,
of the third tarsal joint in some Psocides. He agreed mth my opinion,
and, in an article published in the ' Entom. Monthly Magazine ' for
September last, he notices (Notes 3 and 4, p. 77) the two new forms
which I had sent to him, but, from motives of delicacy, refrained from
giving them names. However, the few words he gave suffice to estab-
lish their diagnosis. It remains then to make known the names which
I assign to these new forms, and to give drawings of the neuration of
the wings ; for, as Mr. McLachlan has said, it is very desirable that
such drawings should be published, because we know by experience
how difficult it is for a student, commencing his studies of the JPsocidce,
to follow descriptions of the peculiarities presented by neuration,
without the aid of figures.

PSTLLIPSOCUS, n. g.

Alarum anticarum characteres fere ut in Ccecilio EJipscocoqiie ;

sed vena furcata
ramulam (" a " in
Jig.), cellidam mar-
' Ji ginalem super-
additam, cellulce
elJipficali ad mar-
ginem interiorem
basin propius con-
juncfam forman-
tem, ante furcam
primariam inferne
emittit. Tarsi, ut

A. Fore-w-ing of Hemipsocus; 1, 2, 3, the marginal cells. in JEHpscoCO, tri-

B. Fore-wing of rsijllixisoms; a.thcadditioniUbrancb of the vena furcat;i. articuhlti

146 [December,

P. Eambueii, Selys.
PsoGus pedicularius, Eamb., Nevrop., p. 323 {excl. syn.).

Dr. Rambur indicates this insect as found at Paris in bonses.
The type, now in my collection, is in bad condition, which renders it
Btill more necessary that a drawing of the neuratiou should be given.
Eambur was mistaken in considering this species identical with the
pedicularius of Linne, &c. (= hinotatus, Eambur). It is therefore
necessary to give it a new name, and I cannot do better than dedicate
it to that observant entomologist. It is probable that P. Bamhurii
ia exotic, imported into Paris with plants or merchandize. Eambur
having no doubt described the insect from living or fresh examples,
it is useful to reproduce his description in order to facilitate new
researches : —

" De la grandeur du hinotatus, mais ayant les ailes beaucoup plus
" grandes. Corps d'un vei'datre obscur, surtout en dessus. Bouche
" tres-pale ; antennes beaucoup moins longues que I'insecte avee
" ses ailes, pales, legerement velues ; yeux saillaints, noirs. Pieds
" pales. Ailes grandes, tout a fait transparentes, ayant Ics nervurcs
" fines." (The description of the neuration is not here reproduced,
because the terminology does not accord with that now in use. It
suffices to say that Eambur was perfectly aware that the nervures are
disposed differently to those of other species, and that his description
of them agrees entirely with the type in his collection) .

HEMIPSOCUS, n. g.

Alarum anticarum cliaracteres ut in Psoco (sensu sfricto), scd
cellulcB marginales tres solum (nee qiuituor) adsunt. Tarsi, ut in Psoco
Perij)socoque, hi-articulati.

A Peripsoco celluld discoidali occlusd, ceUulis(j[ue trihus marr/inaliius,
discedit.

II. cHLOEOTicus, Hageu,
Psocus cldoroticus, Hag., Verb, zool-bot. Gescllschaft Wien, 1858,
p. 474 ; 1859, p, 200.

Sent from Ceylon by Nietner.

Liege : October, 1872.

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OE PAPILIO FEOM LAGOS.

BY W, C. UEWITSOK, F.L.S.

PaPILIO KiRBTI, sp. 11.

Upper-side dark brown. Both wings crossed by a central narrow
ccpial band of white, commencing near the apex of the anterior wing.

1872.] 147

where it is straight, by an isolated spot and ending near the middle of
the inner margin of the posterior wing, where it is curved. Posterior
wing with a long tail, white at the point : a sub-marginal series of
indistinct white linear spots.

Under-side as above, except that there is a small carmine spot
marked with black within the cell, a second spot of the same colour
below this, and a lunular carmine spot bordered above with white at
thej^end of ^the'central band of white.

Exp. 3i inches.

Sah. : Lagos.

This species has been kindly presented to my collection by
Mr. Semper, of Altona. It cannot be compared to any known species.
Although dissenting altogether from much of the detail of his book,
I have named it after Mr. Kirby, the author of a "Synonymic
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera," in admii'ation of the great accuracy
which is displayed in its production, and in gratitude for the many
weary hours of research he has spared to me by the labour he has
bestowed upon it.

Oatlands, "VVeybridge : Novemher, 1872.

DESCEIPTIONS OP NEW SPECIES OP APEICAN DIUENAL
LEPIDOPTERA.

BY CHEISTOPnEE AVAED, F.L.S.

Dr. Boisduval, in his ' Faune Entomologique de Madagascar,' de-
scribes (page 30) and figures (plate 6) what he considers to be the male
and female of Acrcea Banavolana. I have recently received specimens
taken in copula of the species figured as the (J with a ? in no way dif-
fering, a7id of the $ with a (^ only differing in being rather smaller ;
the latter must therefore bo considered as a distinct species, which I
propose to name

AcEiEA Manandaza, n. s.
S . U2^per-side : fore--wing transparent, suffused with carmine, darkest at tlie base
and outer margin : hind- wing powdered with white, the outer margin bordered
with carmine, with six clearly defined oval black spots, edged outwardly with
red, the upper and lowest the smallest ; curving from the centre of the anterior
margin to the centre of hind margin, an irregular band of nine black spots ; near
the base a cluster of six small black spots.
Under-side : the same as upper-side, but wanting the white powdering.
? . Colouring and markings the same as c? ■

Expanse, J" 2 inches, $ 2^ inches. Habitat, Madagascar.

148 [December,

EUETTELA NaEINDA, n. S.

S ■ Upper-side : rich dark brown, with a red band coinmencing narrowly below the
apical angle of fore-wing, broadening downwards to anal angle, crossing and
covering posterior half of hind-wing ; the outer margin of the latter edged
with dark brown, and within a narrow clear band of same colour.

Underside : rufous-brown, with a narrow, irregular band of small, triangular, silver
spots, connected by a line of darker brown, and following the outer margin of
both wings ; on the fore-wing, within this band, is a clear cui'ved line of silver,
continued nearly to the anal angle, the latter shaded Tvith orange-yellow ; the
cell of the upper, and base and centre of lower, wing marked with numerous
lunular and oval spots and strise edged with silver.

Expanse, 2 inches. Habitat, Madagascar.
Allied to Eurytela Dnjope.

Mtcalesis Ais^tahala, n. s.

Upper-side : fore-wing brown, darkest at the anterior margin, a black ocellus sur-
rounded with lighter brown, narrowly bordered with yellow, and with a small
white eye. Hind-wing brown, outer margin slightly dentated and edged with
dark brow^l, within three small ocelli, black bordered with yellow, and white
eye.

Underside : white, mingled with numerous small waved markings of brown : fore-
wing with a small ocellus near apex, below a larger one surrounded with wliite :
hind-wing with a broad band at outer margin, edged inwardly by a narrow line
of brown, and containing six ocelli, one separate and touching the apex, below
a sei'ies of five, which are confluent and continued to the anal angle, the upper
and two lowest the smallest, all yellow with black centre and white eye, and
bordered with brown ; hind margin edged with a double line of browii.

Expanse, 2 inches. Habitat, Madagascar,

DiADEMA USAMBARA, n. S.

Upper-side : fore- wing black, near the apex a broad oblique patch of white almost
crossing the wing, below this a small white spot ; from the cell to the hinder
margin broadly marked with white sulf used with greyish-blue, darkest towards
the outer margin, the nervures crossing are strongly marked with black : hind '
wmg wliite, clouded with grey at inner margin, outer margin with a clear band
of black continued round to anal angle, and there containing a double red spot
nervures black.

Underside : as above, but apex of fore-wing broadly marked with red, and outei
margin of hind-wing bordered with red, edged outwardly by a black hue con
taining numerous small white spots.

Expanse, 4 inches. Habitat, E-ibe, East Africa.
This fine Diadema is allied to D. Anthedon.
{To he contint'ed).

1872.] 149

EXTEAOEDINAEY MIGEATION OF PYEAMEIS CARBUI.
BY F. BUCHANAJSr WHITE, M.D.

My friend, Colonel Drummond Hay, of Seggieden, Pertlishire, has
furnished me with, tlie following account of a great fliglit of Pyrameis
cardui that tie once witnessed, which I think should be recorded.

" It was, as far as I recollect, in the early part of the summer of
" 1842, while stationed in Vido, a small island in the harbour of Corfu,
" that an extraordinary flight of the Painted Lady Biitterfly took
" place. The first part of the column reached the island about 9
" o'clock in the morning, and continued steadily to advance in rolling
" masses of many thousands for upwards of three hours. Though the
" density of the column was at no time very great, yet it appeared to
" extend in breadth as far as one could see, having the appearance
" of black drifting snow, if I may so call it. By one o'clock the
" flight had completely passed : the wind at the time was blowing fresh
" from the south-east. In the afternoon, on sailing uj) the channel of
" Corfu, the traces of the passage of the flight were very evident, from
" the quantities of dead butterflies which floated on the surface of the
" water ; and, for days afterwards, they were to be seen drifting into
" the various bays in the island of Corfu. I did not hear whether
" this flight had been observed on the Continent ; but, as they ap-
" peared to be taking the direction of the coast of Italy, they would,
"in all probability, strike the land in the vicinity of Otranto."
Perth : October, 1872.

NOTES ON HETEEOMERA, AND DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW GENEEA
AND SPECIES (No. 3).

BY F. BATES.

POLPOGENIA EIMOSA, Sp. %.

Oblong-ovate, bro'sni, -with a slightly russet tinge ; entirely encrusted with a
gi'anulous exudation, protruding through which may, under a strong power, be seen
short, erect, stiff hairs, which at the sides of the prothorax and on the legs assume the
character of pubescence ; mandibles dilated, strongly keeled at the sides aud exca-
vated on each side of the keel, the upper excavation deep and broad ; mentum
broad, sub-angular at the sides, widely and angularly notched in front ; labnim
prominent, emarginate in front and ciliate, finely tubei'culate, hairy ; epistoma
short, broadly emarginate in front, the suture separating it from the front re-
presented by a linear depression- which also extends backwards to the eyes,
rapidly widenhig from the front backwards to the antennary orbits ; the latter
somewhat depressed above, very gradually rounded (from the point of junction with
the epistoma) to the eyes, so that they appear almost continuous with the epistoma,

250 [Deacmbor,

the point of junction of the two forming a rery widely open angle ; antennae short,
compact, 3rd joint sub-cylindrical or slightly obconical, joints 4 — 8 sub-equal, sub-
moniliform, 9 a little larger aud sub-obconical, 10 longer than 9, cylindrical, trun-
cated at apex, 11 very short, transversely conical (or triangular), apex pointed ;
head imbedded in the prothorax iip to the hind margin of the eyes, less gradually
sloping in front than in P. asidioides, very finely tuberculated (the tubercles nearly
•hidden by the incrustation above mentioned) ; prothorax of the same form as in
F. asidioides, the aiaterior angles distinct, finely tubercidated in the middle, much
more strongly on the sides ; elytra oblong-oval, squarely truncated aud scarcely
wider at the base than the base of the prothorax, humeral angles indistinct, rcgidarly
convex {i. e., not perceptibly depressed on the back), the epipleurse rounded {i. e.,
not marked off from the sides by a keel-like costa), abruptly declivous behind,
entirely and more or less strongly covered with irregidar, transverse flexuous eleva-
tions, which ai'e much broken up, giving an irregidarly nodose or tubercidated appear-
ance, the spaces between these elevations appearing irregularly foveated or slightly
rimose ; there are also apparent on each elytra four slightly elevated, interrupted
costffi ; situate on the top of these elevations (Ijut more especially on those forming
the costffi) are clusters of small, black, conical tubercles, and from each of these, as
well as from those on the head and prothorax, arises a strong, pitchy, bristle-like
hair, directed backwards ; legs comparatively short, pubescent, bristly ; anterior
tibisB slightly more triangular than in P. asidioides, the apex at the outer side
sub-dentiform, the spurs very long and stout; the four hind tibiae quadrangxdar ;
prosternal process more prominent than in P. asidioides, the mesosternum sub-
horizontal and abutting to the prosternal process ; epipleural fold somewhat broader
behind than in P. asidioides ; tarsi short, robust, the joints contracted.

Long. 5 1 lin.
Sab. : Niger ; one example.

Taking the typical species, Folpogenia appears to differ from
Fterolasia in having the mentum much broader, sub-angular at the
sides, and strongly angularly notched in front ; the labrum larger,
more prominent, emarginate in front and without the transverse
elevated line near the anterior border ; the anterior angle of the pro-
thorax distinct ; the anterior tibiae basally more robust, the outer
apical angle more dentiform and the spurs longer and more robust ;
the prosternal process narrower, less expanded near the mesosternum,
and curved round the coxae ; the outer joints (especially) of the
antenna? differently formed ; and the antennary orbits less prominent,
less distinctly marked off from the epistoma and appearing almost
continuous willi it. The figures given by Solier (Tome 5, pi. iii,
D, 17, and pi. iv. A, 4) are incorrect in this latter respect. In Ptero-^
lasia it will be found — when the head is looked at from the front —
that the antennary orbits are prominent and abruptly rounded in
front, so that the angle formed at the point of junction with the
epistoma is considerably less open than in Folpogenia.

1872.1 151

In the present Bpecics, the space between the sides of the mentum
and the mandibles is somewhat wider, and the apical notch shallower,
than in asidioides ; the antenna? more nearly approach those of JPtero-
lasia than Polpogenia, but joints 4 — 9, being shorter and stouter,
appear siib-moniliform, and joint 9 is shorter instead of (as in Ptero-
lasia) longer than 10. In the short, compact, cylindrical tarsi it
differs from both Polypogenia and Pterolasia, agreeing, in this respect,
more nearly with Pachyscelis.

MESOTEETIS, nov. gen. {Ulomides,Jj?,Q.).

Mentum trapezoidal, convex down the median line ; last joint of labial palpi
elongate-oval ; the apex slightly obliquely truncated ; that of the maxillary large,
moderately securiform ; mandibles bifid at the extremity ; labrum transverse, emar-
ginate in front ; epistoma bent dovra in front, rapidly widened behind, arcuate-
emarginate anteriorly, the fore angles rounded, the suture indistinct ; antennary
orbits small, not prominent, oblique ; eyes large, prominent, free, lateral, entire,
slightly transverse ; antennae longer than in Tribolium or PMora, having a tri-
articidate club, joint 3 longer than 2 or 4, 4 — 8 sub-equal or very gradually wider,
9 and 10 much larger and wider, sub -triangular, 11 large, sub-globidar ; prothoi-ax
wider than long, widest before the middle, thence slightly contracted to the base,
anterior angles rounded, slightly arcuately emarginate at apex, the base slightly
sinuously rounded, hind angles forming obtuse angles, finely margined at the base
and for one-third at each side of the apex, the sides more strongly margined ; scu-
tellum large, rounded behind ; elytra elongate, very gradually widened to beyond
the middle, apex rounded, base slightly arcuately emarginate, wider than the pro-
thorax at its base, shoulders somewhat prominent, humeral angle roimded, sides
margined, cpipleural fold complete behind, nearly as broad at apex as at the middle ;
prosternal process gradually expanding behind, the end broadly truncated : meso-
sternum strongly declivous ; middle coxa? closely enclosed by the meso- and metas-
terna, the latter normal ; femora compressed, elongate-oval, attenuate at base ;
tibiae sub-linear, outer margin entire, outer apical angle not prominent ; tarsi
dilated, pulvillate beneath, the penultimate joint suh-hilohed ^ inter-coxal process
narrowly rounded at apex.

A remarkable species, which, by the form, &c., of its tarsi, stands
in the same relation to the Triboliides that AJegoria does to the tr^ue
Tllomides, and should form a new " groupe " in the tribe ; but, as these
secondary groups are already numerous, I propose placing the present
genus with the Triholiides, and Alegoria with the " Ulomides vraies ;^'
the form of the head, mentum, antennae, tibiae, &c., will lend themselves
to this arrangement ; and, really, Mcsotretls only differs from the
Triboliides, and Alegoria from the true Tllomides, by the structure of
the tarsi.

M. FEKRUaiNEA, s/>. n.

Elongate, moderately convex; subiiitid, yellowish ferruginous, with Ihe sulurc

252 [Doeembcr, ]

and extremities of thorax dusky, and two spots on the head, at each side the front,
black ; entirely and ratlicr evenly, but not closely, punctured ; prosternal process
strongly rugose-punctate, the punctures between the coxa; very elongate ; flanks of
prothorax and sterna closely and somewhat coarsely punctured, rest of the under-
side finely and sparsely punctate ; abdominal joints rugulose at the base.

Long. IJ — 2 lin.

Hah. : Australia (King George's vSound) ; two examples.
Leicester : November, 1872.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SYDBOPniLID^
FEOM NEW ZEALAND, and of a NEW SPECIES OF PHILHYDRUS
FEOM GREAT BRITAIN.

BY D. SHARP, M.B.

Ctloma,* nov. gen. Hydropliilidarum.
Corpus ovatum, convexum ; protliorace antrorsum aiifjusfaio.
Antenncv S-articulatce.
Palpi inaxillares articulo 2" incrassato.
Tarsi posteriores articulo primo qiiam 2" hreviore.

Of the general form and appearance of a small Cyclonotiim, hut differing from
that genus by the short basal joint of the hind tarsus. Maxillary palpi formed as
in Cerei/on. Antennse 8-jointed ; 1st joint elongate and slender, 2nd about as stout
as first, but less than half as long, 3rd thinner than 2nd, and not quite so long, 4th
joint small, scarcely broader than 3rd, about as long as broad, 5th joint yery short
and transverse, intermediate in width between the 4th and 6tli ; joints 6 — 8 form an
elongate club. Hind tarsi short, about half as long as the tibiaj, basal joint shorter
than 2nd, 3rd also shorter than 2ud, about as long as the 1st, 4th shorter than 3rd'
5th joint rather longer than 2nd. Claws small. Mesosternum visible between the
middle legs as a small quadrangular or diamond-shaped plate, the front angle of
which is prominent, and forms the lower part of a perpendicidar carina.

Tte insect for which this genius is founded is of considerable in-
terest, as it completes the connection between the Sphoeridiini {Geo-
pliilides, Muls.) and the HydropMlini. Though certainly belonging
to the Sphceridiini, it possesses the short basal joint of the hind tarsus
characteristic of the Hydropliilini. Its place is at the commencement
of the SphcEridiini.

C. Lawsoin'US, sp. 11. Niger, nUidiis, anfennariim stipiie palpisque
testaceis,pedihus piceis ; corpore supra crebre evidenter punctato, elytris
sfriato-punctatis, striis internis hasi desinentihus.

Hah. : Nov. Zeal. Long. corp. If lin.; laf. 1 lin.

* A word without any classical derivation.— D. S.

1872.] 153

I have received a single specimen of tliis very interesting insect
from Mr. E. Lawsou, of Scarborougli ; his brother captured it in the
Beighboiirhood of Auckland, New Zealand.

Some two or three years ago, at a time when I was studying my
British Phillujdrida, I separated my specimens of PJiilJ/i/dms mnrgi-
nellus into two apparently distinct species (besides P. ovalis, Th.).
I did not, however, venture to call attention to this at the time, the
material in my possession not being sufficient to justify me in coming
to any positive conclusion. I have since, however, paid attention to
the point, and hope I am right in announcing that the common
Pliilltydnis viargineUus of our collections must be considered as an
undescribed species. I give below a description of it. I shall not
here attempt to enter into the synonymy of P. marginellus and its
allies, for it is of the most complicated and difficult character, and it
must be left to a monograjiher of the genus to deal with it in a
complete and satisfactory manner. I may, nevertheless, state that I
think it will probably be found, that P. ovalis, Th., must bear the name
of mnrginellus ; and that onarginellios, Th., is pretty certainly the
H. affinis of Gyllenhal, and probably of Paykull, and will have to
bear that name. I have also a fourth closely allied species, which I
captured in abundance in the Asturias, and which I propose to describe
under the name of P. nigritus.

Philhtdetjs sutuealis, sp. n:

Ohlonqo-ovalis, crehre punctatas, niger, protliorace elyf risque Jvvide

testaceis, iUo disco infuscato, Ids suturd nigra ; clypeo tifrinque macula

laterali, palpis, antennarmnhasi tarsisque testaceis ; tihiis piceis.

Long. If lin.

Yar. palpis maxillarihus articulo secundo (interdumque quarto

medio), levifer infuscato.

Palpi yellow (occasionally with the second joint and the middle of the last one
a little clouded)'. Head black, with a distinct yellow spot on each side of the clypcus
in front of the eye. Thorax yellowish, with the central part always much infuscate.
Elytra yellowish, with the suture distinctly black. Tibiae pitchy, tarsi yellowish.

Closely allied to P. marginellus, Th., but larger, the palpi yellow, the clypeus
spotted and the piuictuation of the upper surface slightly less marked.

Common both in England and Scotland.

Obs. In P. marginellus, Th., the elytra are of a browner colour,
the thorax is darker, the head black and unspotted, and the last joint
of the palpi black. P. ovalis, Th., is black, with the sides of the thorax
and elytra yellowish, the palpi yellow, and the head unspotted.

Thornhill, Dumfries : October, 1872.

154 [December,

Ohserrations on some Brit'tsh species of Dascillicliv, with description of a ne^v
species of Cyphon. — For some years past, I have diligently collected the species of
Cyphon and the allied genera, and have thus accumulated a large mass of material in
this very difficult and little attractive group. I have lately submitted this material
to examination, and I give these observations as the result. The works that I have
made use of for the purpose are chiefly those of Kiesenwetter, Thomson, and Tournier

1. IlELODEa BoHEMANNi, Mann. It has been suggested by Miilsant and Crotch

that this is not a good species ; biit, on the other hand, Tournier accepts and
maintains it, in whicli view I feel convinced that ho is wrong. I have two
specimens whicli I have no doubt are to be referred to Bohemanni, and I am
quite convinced they are only a variety of livida. The characters given by
Tournier do not accord very satisfactorily with those given by Thomson. The
Swedish author, after mentioning one or two slight characters to differentiate
Sohematini from livida, adds the words " tantum distincta ;" so that it would
appear he has not much confidence in the species. Tournier maintains the
species chiefly because of a difference in the thorax, and of the abdominal fovese
in the male. The development and form of the thorax I find, however, to be
remarkably inconstant in both H. livida and H. minuta ; and, as regards the
abdominal fovea, one has only to look at the plate in which these are repre-
sented by Tournier to be astonished that he shoidd have attached much impor-
tance to so slight a difference in insects with such soft and pliable covering.
I may add that my specimens of H. livida do not agree with the figure of either
livida or Bohemanni as given by Toiirnier ; so that if Bohemanni be main-
tained, our British specimens would have to be manufactured probably into a
new species.

2. Cyphon kitidulfs, Thoms. This species has been discriminated by Thomson

from the coarctatus of the older authors, chiefly on account of a coarser and
more distant punctuation of the elytra ; but many specimens come very close
to C. coarctatus. According to my experience, C. nitidulus is much commoner
than coarctatus.

3. C. FTTSCicoENis, Thoms. Kiesenwetter has recorded that he has observed this

insect coupled with coarctatus, and considers it the female of that species ;
though I have not obsei-ved the insects in cop., I have, from the distribution
and resemblance of the two, no doubt that his deduction is as correct as his
observation.

4. C. PALLiDiTENTRis, Thoms. The only characters of importance that distinguish

this insect from C. nitidulus are just those that distinguish fuscicornis from
coarctatus ; and it, therefore, becomes highly probable, that, as fuscicornis ^=
? coarctatus, BO pallidiventris ^ $ nitidulus. I have met with the two latter
very often, and have reason to believe that this probability is a certainty.

5. C. VABiABiLis, Thoms. This is a most variable species in size, colour, form, and

sculpture ; and the nijriceps of Thomson and Kiesenwetter are, I believe, only
varieties of it. I have distributed among my correspondents (under the M. S.
name oi pallidiceps) an insect appearing very different from ovd.mvt.vj varialilis.

1972.] > 155

but I am now conrincccl that this also is only a variety of that species. Small
specimens of varialiUs ajiproach exti'emely closely to large padi, but I believe,
nevertheless, the latter is really a distinct species.

6. C. PALLiDTTLUS, Boli. This insect comes so close to certain varieties of variabilis,

that it is sometimes only to be distinguished by an examination of the under-
side ; it is then to be remarked, that, whereas variabilis has a very dense and
fine punctuation and pubescence on the under-side of the hind-body, these arc
so much more scanty in pallidulus as to leave little doubt of its specific distinct-
ness. This character to distmguish the two species can scarcely be considered
as expressed by Tournier, who says of variabilis, " under-side of the body finely
and densely punctured," and of pallidulus, " abdomen densely punctured."
I cannot therefore feel certain that Tournier's pallidulus is really distinct from
variabilis. In conclusion, I may mention that Mr. Waterhouse has proposed
to call this insect C. ochraceus, Steph. Stephens' few words of description
under this head contain nothing inapplicable to pallidulus, but he adds, " much
less than either of the other species," whereas, the very common C. padi,
described by Stephens immediately above ochraceus, is always smaller than
paUididiis. It will be well, therefore, to abandon the ochraceus of Stephens,
as well as the six other species proposed by him in the genus.

7. C. PTJNCTIPENNIS, ti. sp. Ovalis, convexus, sat nitidus, parcius brevissimeque

pubescens ; niger, prothorace, elytris pedibusque rufo-testaceis, antennis basi
obscure rufescentibus : elytris basi fortiter minus crebre punctatis, suturd hand
infuscatd ; abdomine dense subtilissime punctidato. Long. 1 j lin,

Var. elytris infuscatis, apice qtcam basin dilutioribus.

Allied to C variabilis, but shorter, broader, and more convex, and distin-
guished from all tlie varieties of that most variable species by its extremely
short, fine and scanty pubescence ; its elytra also are more sparingly punctured,
with the punctuation at the base coarser than in any C. variabilis. The third
joint of the antennce is also rather shorter than is usual in variabilis. The
sculpture and pubescence of the elyti-a are so markedly different from what
obtains in any other of our species, that if attention be paid to them no mistake
will be made in determining this insect.

This is the species intended to be referred to in my Catalogue by the name
nigriceps, Th. ; it appears, however, to be not the nigricep)s either of Kicsen-
wetter or Thomson. Tournier (who received types from Kiesenwetter) states
that the nigriceps of that author is only variabilis ; and the nigriceps of
Thomson is certainly not the species I am now describing, as Thomson says
" sutura postice infuscata," this being never the case in punctipennis.

C. punctipennis is rare, and has, I believe, been found only in Scotland, in
two or three localities ; I have taken it at Eannoch, and on the Keir Hills,
Thoruhill. It lives in moss in wet places on the moors, and is especially to be
found among moss growing thickly with heather, and mixed with reindeer
lichen. I have obtained a fine scries by repeated scarchings in the second of the
above mentioned localities. — D. Shaep, Thornhill, Dumfries : Oct. 2bth, 1872.

15G [December,

Additions to the list of British Coleoptera, Sfc, including description of a new
species of Thyamis.

LiTHOCHARis PICEA, Kraatz, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1858, Bull. p. cxci. —
Among some Coleoptera submitted to me for examination by Mr. Gr. C. Champion
are a few examples of tliis well marked sjiecies, originally stated to occur near Paris,
and of whicli I do not remember any subsequent record. These examples were taken
late in the present autumn by Mr. Champion, when sifting dead leaves in Bexley
Wood, Kent. The species, on account of its colour (dark pitchy, with rather
lighter elytra, and ferruginous legs and antenna?, the latter of which have the six
basal joints slightly infuscated), is readily distinguishable from all our recorded
species ; and, indeed, can only be compared with L. rufiventris, Nordm., not yet
observed in this country, and from which it differs materially in the punctuation of
the head. It is in the same section as L. fiiscula and hninnea, being of the average
size of the latter, from which it may be known, apart from the above mentioned
characters, by its broader build, more slender antennae, more finely and closely
punctured head, more obsoletely punctured thorax, and much longer elytra. The <?
appears to have the hind margin of the penultimate ventral segment entire.

Meligethes ochropus, (Sturm) Erichson, Ins. Deutscld., iii, p. 180. — It may
be remembered that this species has already been registered as British, but erro-
neously, as the specimens so recorded proved to be 31. brunnicornis. I have now the
satisfaction of adding M. ochropus to our list, without a doubt of its correctness, on
the authority of two examples recently detected by myself amongst M. difficilis in
Dr. Power's collection, taken by him in June and Augiist, 1862, in the New Forest,
Hants. I have also recently found a specimen among some unexamined beetles taken
by myself during the past autumn : this one was from Claygate, Esher, where I
found it with brunnicornis in September. The species is readily separable from its
yellow-legged allies by its very broad and short oval form, strong convexity, and
very widely and at the same time coarsely punctured elytra, on which the pubescence
is extremely short, and by the outer margin of its posterior tibiae not being rounded
outwards, but dilated in a straight line until the lower third, where they are sud-
denly and obliquely contracted. The armature of the anterior tibiae is as in difficilis,
only not nearly so long or sharp.

It appears to occur on Lamium album.

Meligethes Kunzei, Er., according to Eeitter (Rev. der europ. Mclig. Arten, p.
8G), is only a var. of c?i^ei/J5 ; but in this opinion I cannot agree, having taken
(always on Lamium album) great numbers of the latter, exhibiting the usual degrees
of small diffei'ence likely to occur in any species, but without ever finding amongst
them anything approaching to M. Kunzei, which has only occurred to me by sporadic
individuals, and which, from Mr. Champion's observations (p. 159), seems to occur
on Agraphis or Melampyrum. Herr Reittcr notices the greyish-white and extremely
fine pubescence, very dark (almost purplish) black and shining surface (never with
greenish metallic reflections on the thorax), lighter coloured legs and antennae, and
less strongly developed teeth at the apex of the anterior tibiae of M. Kunzei ; but he
says nothing of its considerably wider punctuation (mentioned by Erichson). I
observe, also, that it is comparatively a narrower insect than difficilis, with the outer
edge of the posterior tibiae, as in ochropus, not roxmded outwards for its iipper two-

1872. 157

thirds, and the sctoc of the middle and posterior tibiae much thinner, shorter and
lighter in colour. From a superficial view, it is easier to detect M. Ktinzei than any
of its aUies.

Meligethes marrubii, Brisout, = nanus, Er., according to Reitter, I. c. p. 53,
and is recorded as occurring on Erysimum alliaria and Salix aurita, as well as
Ifarnibium. I have detected a third British specimen of this insect, in Dr. Power's
collection, taken at Horsell, near Woking, and which is remarkable for its almost
wholly bright yellow antennae and legs.

Meligethes mutabilis, Eosenh., with which M. Brisout has identified my M.
pictus, is itself, according to Herr Reitter, I. c. p. 121, a var. of hrevis, Stm-m, with
which, however, I fail satisfactorily to reconcile my species.

Nanophyes geacilis, Redtenbacher, Faun. Austr. p. 370 (2nd ed. p. 819).

I have much and unexpected pleasure in adding a companion to our hitherto
solitary exponent of this genus, having taken a single example of the above named
species near Eslier in September last. It is of the size of mediiun specimens of the
common N. lythri, from which it is instantly separable by all its femora having two
small sharp spines on the under-side, between the middle and the apex, and of which
the one nearer the apex is much the smallest. It is also readily distinguishable
from lythri by its longer and thinner legs, antenna? and rostrum, its less evident
pubescence, and broader and much less acxmiinate elytra, of which the interstices are
fiat. Although lythri is so variable in colour, I can find none to match this speci-
men, which has yellow legs, with the tips of the femora narrowly black, the club and
most of the fanicidus of the antennae, the head, thorax, and an irregular basal patch
(somewhat triangular in shape, and produced m the middle below the scutellum for
quite the upper third of the elytra), also black. The rest of the elytra is reddish-
yellow, with two very faintly indicated small darker spots on the 5th interstice, and
another on the 3rd, near the apex. Beneath it is entirely black.

I know of no other but Redtenbacher's original record (1849), — only once taken
near Vienna. De Marseid only quotes it from Germany ; and Bach (Kaf. Faima,
p. 386) vaguely says it is rare, and as yet only known in the South.

TiITAMIS DISTINGUENDA, S]}. n.

Ohlongus, apterus, capite cum thorace nitidis, elytris propter superficiem minvfe
alutaceam nitidiusculis ; ferrugineus,subttis ohscurior,feniorihusposticis ad
apicem late, tarsorum articiilo apicali, antennarumqiie articidis sex ajiicalihus
plus minusve, nigro-piceis ; thorace vel concolore vel rufo-fuscescente, crebre
leviter, scepe fere obsolete, punctulato ; antennis validioribus, longitudine
corpori fere cBqualibus ; elytris ad basin quam thorax evidenter latioribus,
humeris sub-prominulis, suturd anguste rufescente, sat profunde piinctatis,
punctis prope basin fere seriatim dispositis, angulo suturali obtusiusculo.

(J abdominis segmento ventrali medio longitudinaliter Icevigato-impresso,
margine postico incrassato ; tarsorum anticorum artieulo basalt intus apicem
versus triangulariter dilatato-producto. Long. corp. 1 — 1^ lin. {Anglic).

T. atricillce, Gyll., affinis, maximisque ejus exemplis staturd cequalis, at minus
regulariter ovalis ; antennis validioribus, ad basin evidenter sat abnipte dilutioribus,

158 [December,

eapite dilutiore cum thorace hand mneo-micaniibus, elytrorum Jmmeris comparatim
sat promihulis, punctis plerumque {ao prmcipue basin versus) seriatim dispositis,
angulo suturali minus ohtxiso, tibiarum posticarum calcari multo longiori, tarsisque
posticis longioribus, optime distinguenda.

I have for some time had an example of this species, taken by myself at Mickle-
ham, undetermined in my collection, as allied to atricilla ; but it was not until
recently, on seeing several specimens of it (taken by Mr. Champion, according to
his recollection on Senecio jacohcta, at Box Hill, during September last), that I felt
convinced of its separate specific value.

Of European species not recorded as British, it would seem in many characters
to approach T. crassicornis, Toudras ; but the entirely obsolete or absent thoracic
punctuation of that insect, and the fact of Allard stating the joints of its antennae
to be more slender and longer than in melanocephala, render further comparison
needless.

It seems nearest to atricilla, Gyll., differing from that common species, as above
noted, in being of average rather larger size, without a dark brassy head and thorax,
of less regularly oval outline, the greatest width being nearer the apex, with more per-
ceptible shoulders to the elytra (of which the punctuation is rather stronger and in
most of the specimens evidently disposed in strite, especially towai'ds the base, and
the apical angle is not so rounded off, being scarcely more obtuse than in melano-
cephala), and with longer posterior tarsi, and a longer and stronger spur to the
posterior tibia?. The principal character, however, seems to be in the antennas, which,
for a Thgamis, are unusually stout, being in both sexes more so than in atricilla, and,
indeed, than in any other of the genus known to me. The basal joint is as long as
joints 2 and 3 together, and is considerably thickened and curved outwards towards
the apex, joints 2 and 3 are short, 3 being rather the longer, 4 and 5 are sub-equal,
each much longer than 3, and from thence to the apex the joints become gradually
rather shorter and wider. The punctuation of the thorax, though very shallow and
not clearly defined, is tolerably close, and in some examples almost confluent, the
surface thereby becoming apparently slightly roughened, but there is a great latitude
in this respect, as in others only traces of similar punctuation can be seen ; in like
manner the punctuation of the elytra is in some specimens more confused than in
others, the tendency to striiE becoming thereby less perceptible. — E. C. Bye, 10,
Lower Park Field, Putney, S.W. : November, 1872.

Note on a recent capture of Lyniexylon navale in Cheshire. — I have been so
fortunate as to capture five examples of the above species, hitherto somewhat doubt-
ful as British, during the past season, at rest on the root end of a felled oak which
was struck with lightning about four years ago, one side being destroyed. I found
them all within a radius of eight inches, at foiu* different times, — one on the 20th
and two on the 27tli of July, one on the 3rd and another in the latter end of August ;
this last specimen my friend, Mr. Sidebotham, had the pleasure of seeing alive.

Mr. Sidebotham and I visited the tree about the middle of August, and foimd
what we believed to be the burrows of the Lymexylon, as we observed in them the
exuviae of beetle pupae. Mr. Sidebotham has since, by digging into the wood of the
tree, found a dead specimen, and also larvae that are no doubt those of Lymexylon. —
JosEPU CuAri'ELL, 1, Naylar Street, Hulme, Manchester: 2(ith October, 1872.

1873 ] 159

Capture of Tachinus rufipennis in Yorkshire. — On the 9t}i of April last, I beat
out of a dead grouse, on a moor near Kettlewell, in Yorksliire, a single specimen of
Tachinus rufipennis. It was named by Mr. Crotcli, who has compared it for me
with the first specimen recorded as British, from Mr. WoUaston's collection. —
W. C. Marshall, Trinity College, Cambridge : 2.hth October, 1872.

Notes on Coleoptera at Caterham, Swrrey. — Having during the past year had
occasional opportunities for an hour or two's collecting, on the chalk hills, &c., in
the neighbourhood of Caterham, Surrey, I thought a few notes on the Coleoptera
observed there by me would not be uninteresting to the readers of this Magazine.
Several of the species taken, were for the first time seen alive by me, and a few new
to my collection. The following list does not, I believe, by any means exliaust the
locality, as most of my collecting, has been over the same ground, and even there
each successive visit has invariably produced some species not previously seen. The
majority of the better species only occurred singly, and several of my captures were
evidently " flukes."

The following list include the better species met with, viz. : — Panagceus 4<-pustu-
latus, in moss. Oxypoda nigrina, by sweeping. Somalota hepatica, once brushed
from herbage at the side of a shady lane ; S. scapularis, intermedia and vali-
diiiscula, by sweeping. Mycetoporus brunneus, clavicornis and lotigulus, by eweeping
towards evening ; M. Planus, in moss on a chalky bank, in winter. Ocypus morio
(small form) and similis, in moss. Staphyliniis latebricola, once in moss in a chalky
hollow, in April ; S. stercorarius, running about in the sunshine. Stenics ater and
fuscipes, in moss. Somalium pygmceum, on the wing. Pseudopsis, brushed up.
Colon Zebei, a fine <? , brushed up towards evening, August 6th. C. briinneum,
Huthia plicata, Scydmanus denticornis, elongatulus, and Sparshalli, by evening
sweeping. S. prceteritus, Eye, one specimen in moss with ants, April, and a second
swept up in July. Sydnobius strigosus, a few specimens, by evening sweeping in Jidy
and August. Anisotoma cinnamomea, rarely, by evening sweeping ; A. grandis (?),
one very large $ specimen, swept towards evening from long gi'ass and Merciirialis
under some old beech trees, in August ; A. badia (in moss), dubia, ovalis, parvula
(occasionally), and, of coiu'se, calcarata, by evening sweeping. Agaricophagus
cephalotes, a ^ and $ swept up towards evening on two different occasions in Sep-
tember. Cyrtusa pauxilla (minuta, Wat. Cat.) and Colenis dentipes, by evening
.. .. eeping. Saprinus virescens, by sweeping on chalk downs. Meligethes is well repre-
sented in this district, as I have here found 23 of our 32 British species, the most
noteworthy being M. corvinus, three specimens (Ent. Mo. Mag., ix, p. 37), taken by
sweeping Agraphis nutans (wUd hyacinth), Mela/inpyrwm pratense, &c., in a wood, in
company with a few specimens each of symphyti and Kunzei, at the end of May ;
M. dijpcilis, memnonius, brunnicornis, pedicular ius, umbrosus, ovatus, and distinctus,
by promiscuous sweeping ; bidens, off Teucrium, as usual ; serripes, rarely, on
JEchium vulgare ; lugubris (the larger form rare, the smaller tolerably common), by
sweeping, also in moss in winter ; and a ? specimen of a species probably distinct
from erythropus, and in that case most likely bidentatus, Bris., by sweeping on the
chalk. Lamophlceus ferrugineus, under bark of elm : this generally occurs with me
in haystack refuse. Phalacrus Humberti, Toum. Olibrus millefolii, Antherophagus
silaceus (once) and nigricornis, by promiscuous sweeping. Cryptophagus pubescens

160 [December,

and setalosus, Atomariaferruginea andfuscipes, occasionally, by sweeping in a sluuly
lane. Syncalypta spinosa, common in moss on the chalk in winter. Aphodius
ohliteratus, on the wing. Drilus fiavescens, rarely. Aspidophorus orhiculatus,
occasionally by sweeping. Salpingus ceratus, Muls., a single specunen, by sweeping
towards evening, in August. Platytarsus setulosus (" Strophosomus hirtus "), one
specimen in moss (amongst primroses), in a hollow on the chalk hills, in April.
OrthochcBtes setiger, in moss. One specimen of a Smicronyx (possibly true pygmcBus),
and TycMus squamulatus, tomentosus, and curtus, by sweeping on the chalk downs ;
T. lineatulus, Bris., common, on Anthyllis vtdneraria, in June. Gymnetron melana-
rium, Miarus ca/inpaimla (common), and Orohitis cyaneus, by promiscuoixs sweeping.
Ceuthorhynchus punetiger, two or three specimens, in moss, and flowers, and by
sweeping ; C. wrticcB, a dozen examples by continually working at the nettles (as at
Micklcham, in company with swarms of Coeliodes didymus, but easily recognized in
the net by its longer form, and when, feigning death, by its longer and more project-
ing rostrum), in May and June; C. alUaricE, on Erysimum, and terminatus by
sweeping. Baridius picicornis, at its visual food plant. Apion subulatiim, on
Lathyrus pratensis ; A. atomariiim, annulipes, Wenck. (?), probably swept off
Thymus or Origanum ; A. Jilirostre not rare, occurring sometimes in moss during
winter. Hylesinus oleiperda, Lamprosoma concolor and Cryptocephalus morcei, by
sweeping. Crepidodera atropce, swarming, in early summer, on Atropa belladonna,
the leaves of which it riddles to a large extent. Cassida hemisplicerica and nohilis
by sweejjing.

Before concluding, I think it as well to mention, that there is one insect very
common here on the chalk in August and September, and which I devoutcdly wish
was wholly absent, viz., Leptus aiitumnalis (too well known in the vernacular as
"the harvest bug"). — Gc. C. Champion, 274, Walworth Eoad, London, S. : Uh
October, 1872.

Occurrence near Dover of Syntomis Phegea, L., a genus and species new to
Britain. — A specimen of this insect was taken on the 24th June last near Dover
by Mr. J. G. Batchelor. When first seen, it was Hying very leisurely in the sunshine,
and was easily captured.

I have great hopes that this conspicuous addition to oiu- fauna will occur again
in the same neighbourhood ; having no doubt whatever, from the freshness of this
specimen, which appeared to have just emerged from the pupa, that it had existed
there in the larval state ; indeed, I cannot conceive that it could have reached this
country from the Continent in so perfect a condition, if at all, — and more especially
so, as (according to continental authors) it does not appear to be found in any
localities nearer to Britain than those departments of France which are nearest to
Italy ; and even there it seems to be quite local, though abundant where it is found.

The moth may be briefly characterized as follows : — Expanse of wings, 1^ in. :
deep glossy blue-black, tips of antennte white, abdomen with a crescent-shaped spot
at base and band on 5tli segment golden-yellow. Fore-wings with six white semi-
hyaline spots, one basal, two (lai'gcr) sub-median, and three (smaller) sub-apical.
Hind-wing with two similar spots, one basal, the other central. — N. E. Brown,
Brighton Road, Red Hill, Surrey, Surrey : November, 1872.

\_8. Phegea occurs at Louvaiii, in Belgium, flying on the old ramparts in the
hottest sunshine (Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg. I, p. 44) .--Eds.].

1872.] iQi

Argynnis Latkonia at Dover. — On a slope of the downs near the Coastguard
Station at the Zig-zag, Dover, on the 16th September, a young friend and I captured
five perfect specimens of A. Lathonia in about two hours. Three days later we took
a sixth on the same spot, but it was much damaged by the weather. — Edith C.
FooKD, Allinum Lodge, Bcxley Heath, Kent : November, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa in Leicestershire. — Since my notice of this insect occurring in
Leicester, I have seen another specimen of it, caught in this county. The margins
of the wings were chalky-white ; and it was not in worse condition than might be
expected from its having been knocked down and caught with a hat.- — F. Bates,
15, Northampton Square, Leicester : 31s^ October, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa in Morayshire. — It may be as well to record the occurrence of
another specimen in this county. I received one yesterday from my friend, Dr.
Gordon, of Burgie Castle. It was sent to me to be set, being still alive, and had
been taken some time ago in the grounds at Bm'gie.

I am strongly of opinion that my friend, Mr. Doubleday, is correct in maintain-
ing that the whole of the specimens recently taken in this country are native bred.
The perfect lustre of their wings and the uninjured state of the body hairs are
sti'ong points of evidence against the " flown-over " theory.

I would, however, suggest the following as a solution of the mystery, supposing
the insect is not permanently established in Britain : —

Hibernated specimens might easily be blown over from Scandinavia during the
prevailing N.E. winds of the spring months : the females would lay their eggs on
the sallows, and the perfect insects appear in August, without question, " true-born
Britons."— G. Noeman, Cluny Hill, Forres, N.B. : October 2Mh, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa in November.— I shall, I dare say, add the last in date to the
long list of captures of V. Antiopa. I have been watching-for it here all the summer,
but without success ; and was, therefore, surprised to see and take one last Friday,
November 1st, seated upon a piece of bare earth where some heath had been cut
down. I must also add one more to the number of those who entirely disbelieve
that this butterfly comes to us as a stranger ; although, once when Mr. Hancock
and I were crossing from Boulogne, we saw a specimen of it midway in the channel.
— W. C. Hewitson, Oatlands, Weybridge : 4th November, 1872.

Crambus Verellus. — When recently naming my Crambites for me, Mr. Howard
Vauglian discovered an example of this species, which I find by my journal was
caught by Master Melville A. Addison, in Beachborough Wood, Folkestone, during
August, 1865. He was then quite a beginner ; and, not caring for small tilings,
allowed me to box the specimen from his net. It was flying on an oak-tree, and is
in fine condition ; and has escaped record before this time as it was named a few
years ago by a well known entomologist as a variety of prateUus. — H. Ramsay Cox,
West Dulwich : November, 1872.

Cucullia absynihii in Somersetshire. — My brother has just brought me some
lai-vse of this species, which he found on the coast of the Bristol Channel, near Mine-
head. I do not think they have been previously met with in the county. — Alfred
E. HuDD, Eedland : October 8th, 1872.

1()2 [December,

Neir locality for Cucullia asteris, ^c. — Having, accidentally, brought home a
larva vrhil:?t collecting amongst golden-rod at Witherslack, which turns out to
be C. asteris, Mr. Threlfall and I re-visited the locality in search of more, aud
broiight home about 20 of them. Amongst them, I am in hopes (from the descrip-
tion Mr. Buckler gave me of the larva of C. gnaj)halii) I have also fallen in with
that. We also met with several larvre of Botys terrealis, which, as well as the
C. asteris, I have sent to Mr. Buckler for figuring. Moths were very scarce, the
only things we cared to box were Zelhria insignipennella, Graeilaria stigmatella
and poimletorum, and Thera Jirmata.- — J. B. HooaKiNSON, 15, Spring Bank, Pres-
ton : September IQth, 1872.

Captures of Lepidopitera tiear Fleetwood. — My eager young friend, Mr. H.
Threlfall, and I paid a visit to the banks of the Wyre, above Fleetwood, early
in August. On the way from Clevelcys Station we took 3£elanippe unangulata and
Euplthecia stibfulvata, and, amongst some alder on the river bank, Melanthia
ruliginata and var. pltombata ; from an old hedge we dislodged Fmmelesia uni-
fasciata and two Depressaria Douglasella ; on an extensive salt-marsh we took
more than 100 JEupcecilia Yectisana, aud some of H. affinitana, which look as if
they were large pale females of IS. Vectisana. Amongst Aster tripoliiim, Bucculatrix
maritima abounded, both in the larva and pupa states, but, though I collected some
hundreds, I have only bred about half-a-dozen specimens, though lots of ichneiunons ;
we also took two or three specimens of a Coleophora, which I do not know : it may
bo hinotapennella.

Re-visiting the locality a few days ago, we got a number of Eupithecia laiwre,
Uiwd about 20 \a,VYS0 oi Emmelesia unifasciata ; these drop off the plant very easily,
and it requires some care to collect them. The only moth we got worth boxing was
Depressaria rhodochrella ; the wind was so high that it blew everything away. — Id.

Captures of Lepidoptera in the Isle of Sheppy in 1872. — A few interesting species
of Lepidoptera have fallen to my share during the past unfavourable season, of which
the following are perhaps worthy of a short notice: — Colias Hyale ; fairly common
in lucerne fields, towards the end of Aixgust ; it was much more plentiful than its
congener Edusa, of which I only saw three or four specimens. Aclierontia Atropos ;
a good many pupaj, foimd in digging up potatoes, and brought to me by labourers,
&c. Sphinx convolviili ; two pupae, brought along with those of Atropos, and found
under similar circumstances. Trochilium ichneiimoniforme ; a pair on the cliffs.
CEnistis quadra ; a fine $ beaten out of an ash tree. Spilosoma papyratia ; two
or tlu'ce at rest on hedge-banks, &c. JEnnomos fuscantaria ; one bred from larva
found on ash, another at a gas-lamp. Tephrosia laricaria ; one on a fence, in July.
Acidalia rusticata ; another solitary example, at rest, within twenty yards of the
spot where one occurred last year : I searched in vain for more. A. emutaria ;
rather late in its appearance this season, none appearing until July 3rd, after which
it was, liickily, by no means rare, and I secured a considerable number, by dint of
hard work. Nearly all that I took occurred on the banks of one ditch near the
shore, about 400 yards long ; they began to fly aboiit half an hour after sunset, and
settled down on the grass and herbage as soon as it was quite dark, being then easily
found with the aid of a lantern. This species is really very difficult to obtain in

1872.] 163

good condition, and is more active on the wing than any other Acidalia with which
I am acquainted. Eupithecia succenturiata ; one specimen, flying in the evenmg
sunshine. E. siihiimbrata ; this pretty little "pvig" occurred very freely on rough,
broken groimd on the cliffs, flying actively in the afternoon and evening. E. deno-
tata, abb reviata, and coroiiaf a; one of each at rest, in April. Anticlea rubidata;
not rare, flying at dusk. Leiicania comma ; rare, at sugar. Nonagria crassicornis ;
a very hght-coloured S , bred from a piipa found in a stem of Ti/pha latifoUa.
Hydrvecia nictitans and micacea ; settled on flowers of Statice limonium after dark,
the former being very plentiful. Xylophasia polyodon ; one. black variety at sugar.
Mamestra abjecta ; a nice series at sugar, also rarely at rest. Agrotis corticea ;
common at sugar. A. ravida ; rather common, by beating thatch, as before ; also
occasionally at sugar. Xylina semibninnea ; in spring and autumn, but very scarce
this year. Aglossa cvprealis; rare, in outhouses. Endotricha Jlammealis ; not
uncommon in hedges. Spilodes palealis ; one ou the cliffs, in July, among Daucus
carota ; another very fine specimen in a lucerne field, at the end of August. Scopula
ferrugalis ; common, on ivy-bloom. Eudorea aiigustea ; rare, at rest. E. pallida ;
common among grass on the cliffs. Ephestia elntella ; freely, by beating a hay-stack.
Homacosoma senecioiiis ; a few on the cliffs : I saw traces of the larviB in the flower-
heads of the ragwort, but failed to rear any. S. siiiuella ; common in dry, grassy
places. Oncocera ahenella ; one on a lighted window. Mhodophaa fonno sella ;
rare, by beating, and at light. R. tumidella ; one specimen on the cliffs. Crambiis
inquinatellus and selasellus ; not rare in a salt-marsh. Xylopoda pariaim ; abun-
dant, by beating thatch. Agdides Bennettii ; this curious insect was pretty common
at the end of July, flying at dusk over Statice limonium. Pterophonis ochrodactylus
and acanthodactylus ; common among their respective food-plants, Achillea mille-
folium and Ononis arvensis : I was rather surprised to see a good many specimens
of acanthodactylus on ivy-bloom in October.

I picked up a beautifully fresh and perfect fore-wing of Geometra smaragdaria
in the dockyard ; but, in spite of a long search, failed to find the remainder of the
insect, whose career had no doubt been cut short by some hungry bat. — James J.
Walker, 7, West Street, Blue Town, Sheerness : November 6th, 1872.

A case of mimetic analogy among the British Geometrce. — With the exception of
the clear- winged moths of the genera Macroglossa and Sesia, the only case of mimicry
hitherto recorded among the British Lepidoptera, is that of Diaphora mendica, ^ ,
wliich Mr. Wallace regards as a probable mimic of Spilosoma menthrastri. I am
convinced that another case of mimicry occurs among oiu* native Geometra, the
imitated form being Asthena candidata, and the mimic Acidalia snbsericeata. The
mimic will be found to fulfil all the necessary conditions. It is undistinguishable
from A. candidata when on the wing : it is rarer than tliis insect, and flies at the
same period of the year and in the same localities. That the two species are almost
co-extensive in range may be seen by referring to Mr. H. Jeuner-Fust's ' Tables of
the Distribution of the British Lepidoptera.'

Finally, A. candidata has all the characteristics of a protected race, being of a
most conspicuous white colour, and so abundant in individuals as to quite enliven our
woods on evenings towards the end of May and beginning of June. — R. Meluola,
Brentford : October, 1872.

^gjj. [Deccmbca-,

Rare Lepidoptera in the Isle of Man. — Mr. Ilodgkinson having, in tlie Oct.
number of ' The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' mentioned my name in con-
nection with certain Lepidoptera said to have been taken in the Isle of Man, I am
reluctantly compelled to send a few lines in reply to his statement.

Unfortunately, I cannot find Mr. Gregsou's letter in which he mentions the
capture of Agrotis spinifera, but I feel conTinced that he did not say he took it
himself. I believe he said that it was captured by a resident in the Isle of Man in
the autumn, after the collectors, who aimually visit the island, had left. Mr. Hodg-
kinson says it was sent to me alive : this is certainly a mistake. I have no recol-
lection of ever having seen the specimen, but Mr. G-regson said he did send it to
me unset, and that I returned it to him without any remark. I never received this
species from any of my continental friends ; and, till very lately, it has been extremely
rare. It inhabits Sicily and the South of Spain, and the larva has recently been
found near Barcelona.

I remember seeing the specimen of L. exigua, but it was not alive ; it was dry,
and the thorax crushed.

I wiU give Mr. Gregson's own words about the capture of llicra parva, con-
tained in a letter received from him last spring, but with no date : —

" The Micra was taken and pinned by my late friend, Mr. Potter, at Growdale,
" Isle of Man. He never set an insect, but as I gave him pms, and shewed him how
" I liked to have them pinned, he took great pleasure in capturing anything he saw
" for me, tliis among the number ; and I thought you would like to see it as it came
" from his hands, rather than when it had been set after being dry. It was taken in
" 1870, after the end of June and before the end of August." — Hkney Doubledat,
Epping : Octoler 12tk, 1872.

N^ote on Crinodes Sommeri and Tarsolepis remicauda. — In the Ent. Mo. Mag.,
and Ann. Nat. Hist., of last October, Mr. Butler rejects my opinion concerning the
synonymy of the above named moths. It is, however, clear that, when he made the
description of Mr. Coruthwaite's insect, Mr. Butler was totally unacquainted with
Hiibner's Crino Sommeri, and that it was only after the publication of my synonymi-
cal note that he compared his new (?) species with Hiibner's figures, and endeavoured
to find some differences to justify him in retaining his names. If this be not so,
why did he not mention this (to say the least) very similar moth, and add the sup-
posed generic and specific diif erenccs to the description of his supposed new species ?

Mr. Butler considers Crino BescJeei as the type of the genus Crino, because that
species is figured before C. Sommeri. But, if attention be given to the characters
ascribed by Hiibner (" Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge," p. 216) to this genus
(" Die Schwingen blasssenig, dunkelstriemig, und mit glanzend weissen Fleckcn
geziert "), it is evident that he really had in view the species called by him C. Sommeri,
and that these characters apply, without any modification, to Tarsolepis remicauda,
Butler. As regards C. Besckel, it is clear that Hiibner was not attached to the
so-called " type-system ; " and, consequently, we have nothing to do here with the
last-named species. I am, therefore, still of opinion that Tarsolepis remicauda,
Butler, ought without doubt to be transferred to the genus Crino, Hiibner, = Cri-
nodes, Ilerrich-Sehiijfei".

1872.] 165

Although Mr. Butler believes that Iliibner's figure is iratcncled to represent a male
insect, as possessing a well developed anal tuft of radiating scales (this character,
however, oeeiu's also in the Javanese females, and is, therefore, without value), I
rather believe it to be meant for a female, on account of the feebly pectinated
antennae. The anal tiift, as it entirely covers the sexual organs, may have been the
cause of Hiibner's mistake. In such cases, only an examination of the retinaculum
can furnish positive evidence of the sex of the individual.

The want of the two long tufts of carmine hairs at the base of the abdomen
most probably must be ascribed to the sex, such tufts being apparently confined (at
this moment I do not recollect an instance to the contrary) to the male insect.
They are often totally hidden ; and this, probably, is the case with the male in Mr.
Snellen's collection.

As for the length of the palpi, I )iotice that the females examined by me agi-ee
in tliis respect with Hiibner's figures, and that Mr. Snellen's specimen ( <J ) holds an
intermediate position between Hiibner's and Butler's insects.

I think, also, no value can be attached to the size of the abdomen or to its
spinous processes as figured by Hiibner ; — the former depending chiefly upon sex or
desiccation, and the latter, formed by some diverging long scales on the sides of the
abdomen, occurring also in Mr. Snellen's male. Moreover, I fail to understand how
Mr. Butler can regard these processes as a generic difference, seeing that there is
nothing visible of this character in the representation of Crino BescJcei, the species
which, according to him, should be the type of the genus Crino.

The specific differences summed up by Mr. Butler must certainly be ascribed
for the most part to inaccuracies of the draughtsman. In order to prove this, it
may be sufiicient to fix the attention upon the inner margin of the front wings in
both of Hiibner's figures, which is waved only in fig. 1, and also upon the hind-
wings in the same figure, which are unlike one another. Moreover, Hiibner's figures
are entirely too dark in colour, and have almost all the markings (the pale basal
patches excepted) too sharply defined, instead of the under-side of the wings only,
as Mr. Butler states (as for the latter character, I rather incline to the contrary
opinion) .

In the specimens examiiied by me, the pale costal band does not totally extend
to the apex and is broader than in Mr. Butler's figure, especially at the base of the
wings ; the central marginal line of the hind-wings is continued round the margin,
but, on both the upper and under-sides, is converted into spots, as in Hiibner's fig. 2 ;
the transverse band of the front wings is strongly waved and not nearly parallel to
the outer margin, and the fringe of all the wings is tolerably long.

For these reasons, I persist in my assertion that Tarsolepis remicauda, Butler,
is identical, generically as well as specifically, with Hiibner's Crinodes Summeri.

I think it not impossible that C. Sommeri occurs also in the New World,*
although I rather believe it to be so considered in eiTor, as seems to be the ease with
Hemerollemma peropaca, which, according to Hiibner (" Zutriige zur Sammlung
exotischer Schmetterlinge," No. 271, fig- 541 and 542), is found at Monte Video,

* I am informed (October 14th, 1872) by Jlr. F. Walker, that at present he has no opportimity
of inspecting the sijccimen from Rio J;ineu-o, mentioned in the " Li.st of the Specimens of Lupi-
dopterons Insects in the Collection of the Biitish Museum," which is uii longer in Mr. Fry's
collection. — C. R.

\Q(j [December,

but since that time has been sent orer from Smuatra, Java, Tcrnate (coll. Eoyal
Mus. Leyden), and Celebes (Mr. Snellen's coll.), and also with OjMusa magica,
received by Dr. Boisduval from Madagascar and Bengal (" Faune entomologique de
Madagascar, Bourbon et Maurice : Lepidopteres," p. 100), and by the Leyden
Museiun, from Java, and not from Monte Yideo as stated by Hiibucr (" Zutriige, &c.,"
No. 268, figs. 535 and 53G).— C. Eitsema, Leyden : November, 1872.

The larva of the Trichopterous genus Uracliycentrus, and its case. — For a long
time we have been aware of the existence of curious quadrangular caddis-lly cases
manufactured out of vegetable matters. A detailed account of several forms of these
cases (with notes on the dead larva; therein contained) was given by Hagen in the
Stettiner entomologische Zeitung for 1864, pp. 113 — 115, and he concludes by
hinting that they may belong to the genus Brachycentnis, the earlier stages of which
were unknown. In 1865, in my ' Trichoptera Britannica,' I figured (pi. ii, fig. 3 i) a
case of this kind, fovmd by Mr. Parfitt near Exeter, in deep running water. In the
No. of the Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, for June, 1867, Mr. Eaton gave a description,
with figures, of the empty pupa-skin of Brachycentrus subnubilus, but he possessed
no information as to larva and case. I am now able to confirm Dr. Hagen's sus-
picions, that some, at least, of the quadi'angular cases are the work of the larva of
Brachycentrus. Mr. W. C Boyd finds B. suhmihilus abundantly at Cheshunt, and
this spring he placed several batches of eggs, laid by captured females, in an aquarium.
A few weeks afterwards he found numerous little caddis-worms crawling up the sides
of the aquarium, apparently feeding upon Conferva, and already there were indica-
tions that the cases they inhabited were quadrangular tubes. As time wore on, the
cases became more decidedly four-sided, and he then siipplied me with several
examples, though they were still very small. The association of these cases with
Brachycentrus is thus settled ; but the matter ends here for the present, for during
Mr. Boyd's temporary absence from home all disappeared, so that a description of
the full-grown larva has yet to be made.

I have said that Dr. Hagen gives descriptions of several varieties of these cases,
and I am cognizant of the fact that two forms exist in Britain, yet I only know of
one British species of Brachycentrus. The case found by Mr. Parfitt no doubt per-
tains to B. subnuiilus, for he took the insect commonly near Exeter. But, in August,
1866, 1 found in a wood near Scarborough, at a trickling spring sopped up by a thick
growth of moss, several small coarsely-constructed 4-8ided cases (amongst the moss),
which I can scarcely believe to be made by the same species that formed the larger
and more delicate Exeter case : neither was the locality one in which I should expect
to find B. subnubilus. The history of these has therefore yet to be solved ; and it
may be possible that quadrangular cases are not confined to Bi-achycentrus.

There also remains a case in my collection found by Mr. Albert MiiUcr in the
Bhine at Basle, which is neither quadrangular nor cylindrical, a transverse section
of it shewing two angular, and a third semi-circular, sides, though the materials and
texture are similar to those of the Exeter case, and, I think, to Mr. Boyd's cases,
allowing for the immature condition of these latter. — E. McLachlan, Lewisham :
October 8th, 1872.

18V2. 1G7

ittiarn.

Frof. Wesmael. — Constantin Wesmael was born at Bruf?sel9 in 1708, and died at
St. Josse-ten-Noodc (in Belgium) on the 25th October last. In him, Belgium has
lost one of the most honoured of her now extensive band of Entomologists. His
attention was principally devoted to Hymenoptera, and especially to the neglected
parasitic families of that Order ; but he also enriched entomological literature by
memoirs on Neuroptera, Coleoptera, &c. Old age and infirmity had for some years
prevented him from following his studies with the same energy as formerly, but there
are few who have so disinterestedly devoted their lives to entomological pursuits,
and to whose memory greater respect is due.

Robert Smith Edleston. — We have received information of the death, on 31st
October last, of this gentleman, at his residence, Bowdon, Cheshire, at the age of 53
years, for the last 35 of which he had devoted his leisure to British Insects of all
orders. His collection of British Lepidoptera is very extensive, and in fine pre-
servation, and some time suice he occupied himself almost entirely with the genus
Nepticula, in which he made very valuable discoveries, having probably the best
collection of its species in existence. Latterly he attended more to Coleoptera.

Entomological Society op London, Mh November, 1872. — Prof Westwood,
M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a Fieris Daplidice and six examples of Argynnis
Lathonia captured by himself near Dover, last September ; also Sesia asiliformis,
Choerocampa Celerio, and Deilophila livornica from Brighton, and varieties of several
other British Lepidoptera.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a large collection of Formicidce sent from Calcutta by
Mr. Eothney, interesting, as shewing, in many cases, all the forms of each species.
He also exhibited, and presented to the Society, the Minute-book of the Meetings of
the Entomological Society existing in London from 1806 to 1822, in which were
copied the Minutes of the pre-existing Am-elian Society. For this, a donation to
Mr. Smith by Dr. J. E. Grray, the meeting passed a special vote of thanks.

Mr. Butler exhibited a remarkably perfect impression of the whig of a fossil
butterfly (allied to the existing genus Caligo) in the Stoncsfield slate.

Mr. Davis exhibited a large number of finely preserved larvae of various insects.

Prof. Westwood remarked on the manner in which the common gnat (all females)
had infested certain rooms in his house during the autumn. Although carefully
destroyed each day, they were always replaced by others, notwithstanding that both
doors and windows were shut.

Mr. Miiller read notes on the habits of Ozognathus cornutus, Lee, a beetle allied
to Anobium, which he had bred in numbers from a large woody Californian oak-gall,
sent to him by Mr. Riley.

The Rev. R. P. Murray sent notes on variations of neuration in FaplUonidm.

Mr. Dunning read notes on Atropos and ClothiUa with reference to Mr. W. A.
Lewis's strictures on Dr. Hagen, pointing out that the English critic had himself
been guilty of most egregious blunders.

A further portion of the proposed general Catalogue of British Insects compris-
ing the IcJineumonidcB, Braconidce, &c., compiled by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, was
announced as published, and notes thereon by Mr. Marshall were read.

168 [December,

INSTRUCTIONS FOE THE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF

NEUROPTEROUS INSECTS.

BY ROBERT m'lACHLAN, F. L. S.

{continued from jiage 104).

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.

Dragon-jiies {TiiheTlulidaB) .

I commence the special portion o£ these ' Instructions ' by a
consideration of the LiheUulidce (using the term in its broad sense),
partly because they are the most familiar Neuropterous insects, and
also because this division of the subject requires to be rather more
detailed than will be necessary in most of those that follow ; the
sequence of the groups being a matter of little consequence.

The larger species (Libellula, j^schna, Anax, &c.) force them-
selves upon one's notice by their bold and fearless flight when engaged
in 'hawking' in the bright sunshine. Some also (e.g. jS^schna graoulis)
delight in the long twilight of a fine autiimn evening ; but it is useless
to expect to see dragon-flies at large in dull weather ; they may then be
occasionally found at rest, and j)icked up with the fingers. As water-
loving insects par excellence, the vicinity of that element is of course
the most likely situation in which to seek them. But many carry on
their collecting operations far from water, and broad heathy commons,
or shady lanes (according to the species), are often enlivened by the
presence of these tyrants of the insect-race. Boggy moors, treacherous
to the footsteps of the too bold entomologist, and rocky mountain-
sides, are peculiarly favourable localities. Never chase a large dragon-
fly ; such a proceeding is useless ' waste of tissue,' to say nothing of
the chance of sinking to the middle in a bog, or coming violently to
grief over herbage-hidden rocks and cavities. "When one is seen
fi'equenting a certain spot, wait till some tempting prey bring the
pursuer to within reach, then, by a dexterous stroke of the net, secure
it. Many species shew especial predilection for even a particular
twig, and although they may make long and varied excursions, they
will return again and again : so be not too precipitate, remembering
that if one be struck but not captured, or sufiiciently scared, it -vvdll
go away at a pace defying pursuit, and not again put in an appearance.
Mr. Wallace, in his ' Malay Archipelago,' relates that at one of the
islands (Lombock) visited, and where large insects are used as food,
the natives catch dragon-flies by means of limed twigs, the habit of
haunting particular spots being no doubt taken advantage of. I have
frequently, when out walking without a net, knocked down the large
species with my stick, and specimens so caught often sustain little or

1873] 169

no injury. The smaller slender-bodied species {Agrion, Galopteryx,
&c.) can be captured witb comparative ease, thougb even with them
one must not rely upon obtaining a second stroke if the first miss its
object. These frequent the sides of running brooks, reedy ponds
(especially those formed by the ' backwaters ' of rivers, which are
often isolated in summer, though connected with the stream in the
floods of winter), and weedy ditches. If there be a hedge-row in the
A-icinity, so much the better, as they will leave the margins of the
pond or ditch for the sheltered side of the hedge, where they may
be seen flying in swarms. Even the open expanse of a flowery
meadow far from water, and the rides in woods, are often haunted
by myriads of Agrions. Scarcely anything more beautiful exists in
nature than a stream over which are flying our native species of
Galopteryx ; but the sight of a forest rivulet frequented by some of
the brilliant exotic species must be a treat never to be forgotten.

It must be borne in mind that dragon-flies are long-lived insects,
and, in some cases, several days elapse after hatching before the
colours are fully matured : thus the male of Lihellula depressa only
obtains its j^ulverulent blue colour by slow degrees ; for some days it
is yellow, like the female ; in a collection, it is always desirable to
have specimens thus comparatively immature. Very recently developed
examples are detected by the limp consistency of all their parts, and
especially by the wings, which, when the insect is feebly flying, look
as if (to use the apt expression of another observer) they had been
dipped in mucilage ; for the sake of understanding a species in all its
conditions, it is even advisable to retain some of these.

With regard to the best means of conveying the insects home

when caught, I can scarcely do better than quote the words of Dr.

Hagen in the Entom. Weekly Intellig., vol. iv, p. 88. He says : —

" In collecting the LihellidcB, I take a number of strips of paper doubled in two,
" and place the wings of a caught specimen between the folds, and, with a pin at each
" side of the wings, fasten it into my collecting box, without pinning the insect
" itself : thus, in a small box, you may pack many in a small compass, taking care
"not to put them within reach of each other's jaws."

Or the insects may be killed or stupified by a sharp pinch, and then be
temporarily pinned in the box through the side of the thorax, the wings
being kept down by a simple paper brace pinned at each end. A more
elaborate plan is that explained by M. Blisson in the ' Annales dc la
Soc. Ent. de France' for 1840, who recommended that the insect
when caught be placed in a sort of paper shroud, covering almost the
whole insect excepting the head. With the slender-bodied small spe-
cies it is, I think, better to pin at once in the ordinary manner between

270 [December,

the wings : but, in all cases, emphatically regard the instructions
not to put them within reach of each other's jaws ; even specimens
thought to be dead may revive, and then, upon arriving home, the
results of a day's labour present no better appearance than jagged
wings and mutilated bodies. Though, apparently, so insensible to
pain, and tenacious of life, they are, in reality, easily killed, and Dr.
Hagen even asserts that they die rapidly by simply placing the box
close to a window in the hot sunshine : this I have not tried.

I now come to the most important joarts of the subject : firstly,
the preservation of them in collections without breakage ; secondly,
the preservation of the colours. On these points much has been
■RTitten ; and I will endeavour to combine the advice of previous
writers with my own experience. The body of a dry dragon-fly is
extremely liable to dislocation at any segmental division, the compound
consolidated thorax being in reality the only part that will remain en-
tire with any degree of certainty. The head is attached very slightly,
yet this will often move round, almost as if on a pivot, withoiit be-
coming detached : however, if it come off, it can easily be re-attached
by a strong solution of shell-lac in spirits of wine ; and some may even
prefer to voluntarily behead all their specimens, and unite again with
this or some similar liquid cement. Taking the smaller species {Agrio-
iiidce, &c.) first, I do not recommend, with them, any system of dis-
embowelling, believing, from experience, that the preservation of the
colours is not furthered thereby. Dr. Hagen (' Intelligencer,' vol. ii,
p. S2, and vol. iv, p. 88) advises that a needle with thread be intro-
duced into the under-side of the thorax, and brought out before the
termination of the body (mark especially, before the termination, so
as not to injure the appendages of the apex), the thread being drawn
backwards and forwards to remove some portion of the viscera, and a
clean thread then inserted and cut off at each end. Baron de Selys-
Longehamps, whose experience is probably greater than that of any
other living entomologist in these matters, prefers (' Revue des Odo-
nates,' p. 378) to use no endeavours to extract the viscera in the
slender species. In this I agree with him, and explain here the plan
I adopt. Having provided myself with some stout horse-hairs, I cut
them up into short lengths ; one of these lengths is inserted in the
under portion of the thorax of the insect, and is gently pushed down
until it reaches the extremity of the abdomen, but it is not pushed
through, and, by this means, the anal organs can suffer no injury ; the
thoracic end is then cut off, and the specimen is thus rendered incapa-
ble of breakage. I conceive horsehair, when it can be obtained, to be

1872.] 171

infinitely preferable to any otlier substance, if only on account of its
elasticity. Tbe larger species require a more elaborate treatment, and,
as a rule, it is certainly desirable to eviscerate at least tbe abdominal
portion of the body. To do tbis, take a fine-pointed pair of scissors,
and cut an incision along tbe membranous longitudinal suture of tbe
under surface ; tbe inside can tben be extracted witb a pen-knife, and
a little brusb-pad of cotton wool may be used to wipe out tbe remain-
ing moisture. Tben fill in tbe interior witb clean cotton wool, a small
quantity will sufiice ; and it is better to err on tbe side of too little
tbau of too mucb ; for, in tbe latter case, tbe body assumes an un-
naturally dro^Jsical appearance wben dry. I j)refer loJtite wool in all
cases. Many elaborate plans of using differently coloured paper,
made into little rolls, or coloured wools adapted to tbe natural colour
of tbe body, bave been proposed, and some bave gone so far as to
attempt to imitate tbe markings by designs painted on tbe inserted
paper (!). All tbis I look upon as unnecessary and, to a considerable
extent, more tban useless, trouble. It is in vain to attempt to re-
produce tbe natural tints by artificial means ; if tbe eviscerating
process be performed witb suflicient care, some, at least, of tbe original
beauty will remain ; more tban tbis cannot be obtained, and sbould
not be exj)ected. Species of medium size may be partially cleansed
by means of a piece of dry grass-stem drawn backwards and forwards
(after tbe manner before noticed wben S2)eaking of tbe AgrionidcB),
and breakage prevented by a clean piece of tbe same stem (or some
similar substance) inserted permanently : decidedly tbe best material
is tbe straight wire-like vegetable substance so extensively used in
making mud-brooms ; tbis possesses almost tbe elasticity of borse-bair,
and is stout enougb for even tbe largest species.*

In tbe 'Intelligencer,' vol. ii, p. 82 (see also vol. iv, p. 87), Dr.
Hagen very justly remarks tbat: — "If a species be sufiiciently common
" to allow of many specimens being taken, we are sure to find tbat some
"of them keep tbeir colours well without any preparation." Tbis I
can empbatically confirm : I bave, inter alia, large Britisb ^schnce
wbicb now, after several years, bave tbeir colours and intricate markings
almost as fresb as wben first caugbt, and tbis witbout tbe slightest
preparation. But he goes on to say :— " These are specimens which
" bad not long escaped from the pupa state, and had not yet commenced
" their ravenous career ; their empty intestinal canal containing no
"foul matter." The last part of tbis sentence is perfectly correct,
for it is the decomposition of the partially-digested food (assisted in

* This material is known in commerce as 'Bass' or 'Piassaba.' Mr. Jackson, of the Kew
Museum, iiifoims me that it is the produce of two species of Brazilian plants — Altalea /^mi/era
and Leo2}olclinia Piassaba. — R. McL.

]^^2 [December, 1872.

the ? also by the ova) that destroys the beauty of the specimens, and,
at first, I accepted the explanation in all its details. Further con-
sideration, however, induces me now to differ from him as to these
specimens being recently developed. All dragon-flies take from two
days to a fortnight (according to the species) to become fully mature ;
yet they eat in the meantime, and the individuals that do not change
are usually fully mature. I look, therefore, to another explanation.
Dr. Hagen hints that specimens taken very early in the morning are
the most likely to retain their colours ; this I consider not o-^dng to
the fact that they are recently developed, and have not fed at all,
but that the food of the preceding day has been digested and passed
away : and I should look to even more certain results in the case of
specimens taken during the first incoming of fine weather after an
uninterrupted series of gloomy and wet days.

I conclude the already too lengthy remarks in this chapter by a
few hints to foreign collectors. If the specimens be pinned when
caught, each should have a grass stem, or some analogous substance,
run into the body as mentioned above, taking especial care that one
end be in the tliorax ; otherwise it is impossible to send over a col-
lection which shall arrive in good condition, and one large body
becoming detached will play havoc with the others. But almost all
can be sent in squares of paper folded into triangular envelopes, one
in each : if the body then become broken, the pieces can be fitted
together with certainty. They should not be placed in these enve-
lopes until dry, that is, until after they have been for some time
braced down as recommended for the field collecting box, otherwise
the pressure alters the form, and decomposition sets in under very
unfavourable conditions, so far as the colours are concerned.

Dry dragon-flies relax very easily, and need not remain upon the
setting-board for anything like the time required for smaller and more
delicate insects. When the bodies are broken, they can easily be re-
united by using horsehair (or something stouter for large species),
inserted into the dislocated portions, taking the precaution to smear'
the substance with the shell-lac cement, and the pin will also require
some of this cement on the portion that will remain in the thorax, to
keep it secure. Pins with the heads cut off, and wire, are not
desirable mediums wherewith to connect broken fragments, as they
become rusty, and eventually destroy the specimen. Baron De Selys
even advises that the abdomens of all dry specimens should be volun-
tarily detached, and then re-connected. A solution of phenic (carbolic)
acid in alcohol should be applied to each specimen to destroy mites or
mould, and as a future preservative. The wool used for stuffing fresh
specimens should also be saturated with some of this solution.

January, 1873. 173

White-Ants (Termitidce) .

Excepting in the extreme south, Europe is happily free from these
pests, and I have never yet seen any species aKve. Their habits are,
of course, gregarious ; and Mr. Bates' ' Naturalist on the Amazons '
gives a general idea that will apply to any part of the world where
they occur. Each species is well known to have many separate forms
(soldier, worker, &c.), and all these should be obtained from one
' termitarium.' Possibly the best plan is to send home all the forms
in spirits ; or, if the winged examples be pinned, they should certainly
not be expanded, for the following reasons. At certain seasons these
shed their wings voluntarily, and this is done by these organs becoming
detached at a transverse suture close to the thorax ; and specimens at
all times are liable to become thus dislocated, and more especially
when the wings are expanded. If anything could induce me to relax
my opposition to ' carding,' it would be in the case of winged white
ants, for I know not how to keep them intact. The gravid female,
with her enormously distended abdomen, must be placed in spirits.

The small allied family Mmbidce is rare, and the species are not
numerous. It appears to be certain that the varied conditions existing
in Termes are not found here, but of some species the larvaa only are
yet known ; these occur under stones in sandy districts. M. Lucas
states that the winged (or perfect) form of an Algerian species was
seen running up and down the stems of low herbage, without at-
tempting to fly when taken. The wings are not deciduous, and may
be expanded in the usual way.

Psocidcd.
These, for the most part minute, insects are to be met with on
the trunks of trees, old palings, &c., as well as by beating the boughs
over the net ; and, for this latter operation, firs, larches, yews, and, in
fact, all conifers, are particularly favourable. Where a species occurs
it is usually abundant, for they are more or less gregarious : a few
exotic species are of comparatively large size, but very few exceed
half-an-inch in expanse of wings, and the majority are very much
smaller. They are often imported with merchandize in ships ; some
small species (I speak here of the winged genera) naturally inhabit
houses and warehouses. All run with extreme rapidity, and seldom
use their wings : when captured, they should be placed in small pill-
boxes, or (better still) in small glass tubes. Owing to their small
size, only few will satisfactorily bear a long pin sufficiently strong,
aaid for most it is necessary (if the long-pin system be adopted) to use

174 [January,

the oblong pieces of pith, noticed in my general observations, for the
purpose of mounting them. The wings should be expanded in the
usual way on small setting-boards ; but in the case of very small
forms, the action of pinning will oj)en the wings sufficiently to admit
of the requisite examination. Very little is yet known of them, ex-
cepting European forms, though the exotic species are certainly very
numerous, and are much needed : some are of extreme beauty, and
sometimes even furnished with semi-metallic scales as in small moths.
This is possibly the most neglected family of that neglected order
Neuroptera, and the known species probably scarcely represent one
hundredth part of those that exist : — verhuni sap. !

Of the apterous (or semi-apterous) sjiecies (Atropos, CJotJiiUai
&c.) it may be truly said that most entomologists need instructions
as to how to get peimanently rid of, rather than how to procure, them.
They are everywhere, and always making themselves obnoxious by
destroying the peace of mind— and the collections — of the Naturalist.
One species, at least, is known to inhabit ants' nests, and many more
may yet be discovered as ant-guests. Any permanent mode of
preserving them as specimens is difficult. They may be carded —
unsatisfactory ! ; mounted on mica — also unsatisfactory ! ; or mounted
as microscopic slides— perhaps the most satisfactory. Collectors
should try to get rid of the notion (still fostered by some) that
these little pests are only larval forms of winged insects. Two
species (one Atropos, one Clothilla) are common in all houses, and
with them, no doubt, the larvas of minute winged sj)ecies that frequent
human habitations ; but the structure of these latter would detect
them. It may here be well to remark, that there is a suspicion, not
yet sufficiently grounded, that some winged tree-frequenting species
have apterous conditions allied to what is found in Termes ; it is
certain there are forms with imperfectly developed wings, and I think
these are always females.

May -files (J^pJiemeridai) .

Insects more attended to by the angler than by the entomologist,
and upon which much poetry has been written on the taken-for-
granted supposition that the romance of their few hours' existence is
founded on fact. Possibly, however, some few live only a day or two
as perfect insects ; but these are exceptions. The neighbourhood of
water, especially running water, is sure to produce multitudes of
May-flies. The males of some large species (Ephemei^a) dance in
swarms o\er the stream ; whereas, the females are only to be fouud

)

/ 1873.] 175

! among the herbage, or taking short flights. The smaller species fly in
calm weather more steadily and very slowly. Some are so abundant
as to be used for manui'e, and even for feeding pigs (!), on continental
^ rivers ; and we are even told of shrubs being bent down by the multi-
tudes of an American species. Mr. Eaton has done good service by his
recent Monograph of the family, but very little is yet known of extra-
European forms. The sexes generally differ much in appearance, and,
owing to the fact of the final moulting being performed after the
winged condition has been assumed, it is thus necessary to have four
distinct series of each species, as Dr. Hagen observed in the ' Ento-
mologist's Annual' (1863, p. 6). When pinned, it is a matter of
indifference as to whether they be ' set ' or not ; the caudal setae are
very difiicult to retain entire, but this is best facilitated by pinning
A high, and not allowing these setae to come in contact with the drawer
gx or bos when dry. The true forms cannot be properly retained in dry
V specimens, and Mr. Eaton (see p. 5) advises that all be preserved
moist : altogether they are unsatisfactory insects from a collector's
point of view, and none suffer bo much from the attacks of the
apterous Psocidce.

Stone-flies (Perlidce).

Always found in the vicinity of water, and, as a rule, running

\ water, the more rapid the better. Mountain streams are especially

favourable ; and the larger s^jecies may be found among the herbage

\ on the banks, or more readily under the large stones (sometimes par-

J tially in the water) that lie on the edges of the burns. The species

of the genus Pteronarcys (which is almost peculiar to North America)

frequent the spray of waterfalls, and are furnished in the perfect

state with external respiratory filaments, showing that their habits are

even then so aquatic as to necessitate the extraction of air from water.

The large species fly but little, yet are difiicult to capture, o"nang to

their rapid sliding motion when alarmed ; the smaller forms (Leuctra,

Ncmourn, &c.) fly in calm weather slowly, but moderately high, over

the water. Some species (Nemoura) inhabit muddy ditches containing

very little water, but the majority arc emphatically torrent-loving

insects. All may be pinned and set out in the usual way, care being

J taken not to break the caudal seta? of those larger forms that possess

these organs ; and it is also necessary to be careful in spreading out

the folded and delicate anal portion of the hind-wings : in re-setting

i SWaxed specimens, this portion of the wing is extremely liable to get

'■"mm. The whole family has no great amount of beauty to recommend

it, but many of the forms are exti-emely curious, and comparatively

176 [Jmuary, '^

little is yet known of them, the separation of the species being very *
difficult ; and, indeed, it is almost imperative that for this purpose
some of each should be placed in spirits or glycerine. They are no .
doubt most numerous in northern latitudes ; but the streams of tro- i
pica] mountains are certain to produce them in numbers. Pew are
known from the Southern Hemisphere, yet there are some curious g
forms in Australia and New Zealand.

With this family I conclude what is termed the Pseudo-Neurop-
terous division, viz., those which undergo an imperfect metamorphosis. /

{To be continued). .

EEMAEKS ON ME. BAEEETT'S "NOTES ON BEITISH TOSTEICES"
(Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. ix, pp. 124—130).

BY C. S. GEEGSOIS-.

Amphysa Gerningana, S. V. — This species is abundant at the end
of June and in July, at Risley Moss, but local there on dry corners
where the turf has been taken away ; it is also plentiful at Bidston
Hill, but again local : in both places, Potentilla tor7nentilla grows
freely (where we take it) amongst the heather. I have bred it from <
flower-heads of sea-pink {Sfafice armeria) collected on the rocks at
Isle of Man, away from heather, and append description of its larva —

Length half an inch, slender, slightly wi-iokled ; head and neck reddish orange-
yellow, with a few darkish markings thereon ; the next five or six segments are dull
darkish pea-green, the last four or five segments dull ochreous-olive, anal segment
having a distinct black oval ring upon it, out of which spring three or four long
white spines, the segmental spots small and indistinct.

Larvae collected at the end of May and early in June on the
coast at the Isle of Man, feeding in the flower-heads of the sea-pink
(^Statics armeria^, drawing two heads together. In confinement making
up therein, and appearing in the perfect state early in July. I have
also bred it (July 9th) from larvae collected in June on Potentilla
tormentilla.

Amphysa prodromana, Hiib. — Doubleday gives Walkeri (Curtis)
as his synonym for this species, not WaJlcerana. The species is
plentiful on the edges of moors and in lanes leading to mosses and
heaths, in Lancashire and Westmoreland, but I never knew it to
extend far from the edges thereof. It certainly does not feed upon
either sallow or willow ; it is a low-growing plant feeder, and appear "^
in April. I have only taken it where Potentilla tormentilla grows.*

* SuUx fui^ca is a. low-growing plant, — Eds. \

1S73. 177

Ilypermecia augustana, Wilk., the H. augustana, Hiib., cruciana.
Haw., Linn. (?), viminana, Guen. var. (of Doubleday's Synonymic
Catalogue) .■ — It is, indeed, a most variable species ; but tbat tbe
"basal patcb " seems always to be dusky greyish is unintelligible to
me, with a series of over 40 specimens before me, all bred from sallow
and willow growing on our coast : there are not two alike ; commencing
with light drab unicolorous specimens, they run down to dark rich
reds of various shades, — some specimens having acute, some rounded
wings ; some with a decided round dark patch or spot near the apex ;
some having the outer ordinary dark markings hardly developed ;
whilst others have a streaky dark mark beyond the triangular light
costal mark ; and in one or two, the rich red of the upper- wings
extends across the thorax. I breed great numbers of this species :
collecting the larvae in May and June in the terminal shoots of dwarf
sallow and willows, when I am in want of the larvae of Epliippipliora
epTiippana, &c. ; ill-fed specimens are very small, well-fed ones lai"ge,
but every degree of colour and markings pervades the broods bred here.

Si/permecia augustana, Hiib. — Of this I know not anything ; but,
if so disposed, I should have little difficulty in picking out from my
series of specimens of cruciana, Linn., some which accord wonderfully
well with the description of this species.

Antithesia (kSteph.) prcslongana, Gn. = sororculana, Zett. — We
shall have to adopt Zetterstedt's name for this species. I bred it
from larvae collected early in June, the perfect insect appearing at
the end of June ; the larvae fed on young birch trees growing on the
banks of Lake Windermere.

Antithesia cynoshatella, Linn.- — This species feeds in the buds and
between united leaves of cherry trees, often defoliating the trees, in
May.

Antithesia dimidiana, Sodoffsky, Bull. Moscou, 1830, I shall
adopt. — Like Mr. Chapman, I have bred this from Myrica gale; I
gathered the larvae in May and June (first week), and the moths
appeared at the end of the month. Eisley Moss, Formby Moss, Belle
Grange, Windermere. Bred specimens are always of a rich rosy.
colour.

Antithesia marginana. Haw. — Wilkinson is not far A\Tong when

he says " a rare species, and not variable ;" down here it is rare.

1 When prospecting across from Belle Grange to Hawkshead in July,

p870, 1 met with this species in plenty, flying with scores of Mmmelesia

i<!iricetaria, Curtis ; I may say I took hundreds of both species, yet I

178 [Januai> ,

hardly think anybody will call the latter a plentiful species. No
species is really rare if you know when and where and hoiv to look for it.
My specimens were taken on a swampy part of the open forest land,
hitherto untrodden by the feet of entomologists, where little else than
tufts of cotton grass (Eriophoriim) and small stunted heather and the
asphodel grew ; it did not occur on the drier parts of the moor,
neither did it vary at all, except as all moths are liable to do in
quality and size or sexually. All my specimens were tinged with
pink when alive. I never before took it, except singly.

Sideria achafatia, S. V. — Touching rarity or abundance, Mr.
Barrett tells us that this species " swarms sometimes " near Mr.
Stainton's residence : T have collected insects regularly in all sorts of
places, principally north of Stafford, since 1826, but never saw a good
or living specimen in the north ; on the other hand, Mr. Stainton
assures me he never had the pleasure of taking half-a-dozen Antithesla
marginalia.

Dichelia Grotlana, Fab. — Of this variable species, I have bred
many forms, some of them being so like Mr. Barrett's description of
D. gnomana, Linn., that they have stood named var. D. Intiorana ; but
as these were bred from what I took to be Grotiana larv?p, I only
supposed, and only still suppose, them to be varieties of that species.
Some years ago, Mr. S. Stevens wished me to think them different.
but I was too dull to see it.

Rose Bank, Fletcher Grove, Liverpool :
November 2nd, 1872.

NOTES ON TRICEOPTERYGIA, WITH DESCEIPTIONS OF TWO
NEW SPECIES.

BY THE KEY. A. MATTHEWS, M.A.
MiLLIDIUM TRISULCATUM, Aube.

Examples of this species sometimes occur, in which the lateral
sulci of the thorax are almost parallel to the medial. When I first
observed specimens presenting this variation, I supposed that they
would belong to M. triramosuvi, Mots., but a subsequent and very
careful examination of a largo series has convinced me that they are
only a variety of 31. tn'sitlcafmn. The type of M. inramosum which
I received from the late Col. Motschoulsky is a mtich smaller and;
narrower insect, with the general surface of its head and thorax
perfectly smooth, haviiig no trace of the tubercular or rathei
alutaceous sculpture which is evident under a very high magnifying
power in all specimens of M. trisulcahnn.

1873.] 179

Ptilium cj:sum, Ericlis.

In 1870, Mr. Gr. E. Crotch took six specimens of a PtiUum in
the Cambridgeshire fens, and which he kindly sent to me shortly after
their capture ; as he and I had previously taken P. affine in the same
neighboui'hood, and as at that time I had more work than I could
well get through, I placed these insects among our reserves. In the
spring of the present year, while examining these hoards, I came
across the specimens in question, and was much pleased to discover
that they all belonged to the Pt. ccBsum of Erichson.

Teichoptertx carboxakia, n. s.

L. c. -ra lin. Ohlonga, convexa, saturata, nigra, pills hrevihis
flavis sat dense vesfita, capite permag)io, ocidis modicis ; pronoto capite
latiori, vix longiori, p)07ie medium latissimo, laterihus valde rotundatis
et ad hasim contractis, tuberculis oninutis, ordinihus sinuatis dispositis,
interstitiisque reficulatis confertim ornato, marcjine hasali valde de-
pressa et fortiter sinuata, angulis valde prodactis, acutis ; elytris
irevibus, quadratis, capite atque pronoto hand longiorihus aut latioribus,
ad media latissimis, laterihus leviter rotundatis, apicihus latis, fere
rectis, confertissime distincte et profmide asperatis ; ahdomine sat longe
exserto ; pedihus atque antennis rohustis, sat ohscure flavis.

Mead very large and broacT, covered with minute tubercles in straight rows, with the
mterstices finely reticulated ; eyes large, not prominent ; antenna moderate,
slender, obscure yellow.

Thorax moderate, wider but scarcely longer than the head, widest behind the middle,
with its sides much rounded and slightly margined, contracted towards the base,
covered with minute, but distinct, tubercles arranged in wavy rows, with the
interstices reticulate and shining, the basal margin much depressed and rather
strongly smuated, the posterior angles much produced and acute.

Scutellum rather large, triangular, closely and deeply asperate.

Elytra short, quadrate, narrower but not longer than the head and thorax, widest
near the middle, with the sides slightly rounded, deeply and very closely aspe-
rate, with their apex paler, very broad and straight, the extreme edge white.

Abdomen considerably exserted, rather obtuse, with its apex obsoletely tridentate.

Legs robust, dark yellow, with the femora obscui'C.

Under-parts black, with the mouth and coxfB piceous.

This insect is allied to T. p)icicornis, Mann., but differs from that
species in its paler and more slender autenna>, of which the Sth joint
is linear, and not incrassate, and also in the totally different sculpture
of its thorax and elytra. The only example which I have seen, I found

X80 [January,

in Thoresby Park, in Nottinghamshire, in August, 1868 ; since then
I have waited in vain for the occiu'rence of other specimens, but
have now determined to separate and describe it as a distinct species
on the strength of the very essential characters which I have pointed
out.

Teichopteeyx L^titi^, n. s.

L. c. T5 lin. Ohlongo-ovalis, modice coniiexa, nigra, Timid nitida,
pilis pallidis dense vestita, capite modico ; pronoto sat parvo, posfice
dilatato, ad hasim latissimo, tiiberculis minutis, ordinibus transversis
irregulariter dispositis, interstitiisque profiinde et confertim reticnlatis
sat dense ornato, margine hasali sitmata, angiiUs acutis vaJde productis ;
elytris plus minusve attenuatis, capite atque pronoto vix Jongio'rihus aut
latiorihus, confertim asperatis, laterihus fere rectis, apicihus rotundatis,
dilutiorihus ; pedihus ohsoureflavis, antennis piceo-nigris.

Head moderate, triangularly produced in front, sparingly covered with minute tuber-
cles, the interstices shining ; eyes large and prominent ; antennfe short and
slender, pitchy-black ; palpi pitchy-black.

Thorax rather short, not very convex, rather longer than the head, dilated poste-
riorly, widest at the base, with the sides moderately rounded and margined,
covered with miniite tubercles closely arranged in transverse wavy rows, with
the interstices closely and rather deeply reticulate, the basal margin rather
strongly sinuated, with its angles acute and much produced, the extreme edge
of the sides and base pale.

Scutellum large, triangular, rather acuminate, closely, but not deeply, asperate.

Elytra oblong, more or less strongly attenuated towards the apex, scarcely longer
or wider than the head and thorax, moderately but closely asperate in trans-
verse rows, with the sides nearly straight, the apex much rounded, paler, with
its extreme edge white.

Abdomen much exserted, obtusely conic, with the posterior margin of each segment
paler, and the apical segment distinctly but obtusely tridentate.

Legs moderate, dusky yellow, with the basal joint of the anterior tarsi slightly

dilated.
Under-parts black, with the mouth and coxse piceous ; femora dusky.

Allied to T. fascicularis, Herbst, but differs from that species in
its smaller and more depressed thorax, shorter and pitchy-black an-
tennae, and in its conspicuously smaller size. It was found in large
numbers, unmixed with any other form, by my sister, Miss L.
Matthews (after whom I have named the species), in Belgium, near
Spa, in August last.

Gumley : November, 1872.

1873.] 181

NOTES ON HETEROMERA, AND DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW GENEEA
AND SPECIES (No. 4).

BY r. BATES.

Alegoria Sallei, sp. n.

Glossy black ; palpi pitchy-red, the labials sometimes brighter red : mentum
with the front angles strongly rounded, punctured (but not closely), an oblong
depression at each side near the margin ; last joint of maxillary palpi moderately
securiform ; antennae of the same form as in A. dilatata, black, the outer joints
dusky (sometimes slightly rufescent) ; labrum sparingly and minutely punctured,
the anterior angles strongly rounded, the apex broadly notched in the middle ; head
with a broad transverse depression on the front, the epistomal suture well marked at
each side by a very fine deep line ; a few well marked punctures on the front and
neck, rest of head sparingly and minutely punctured ; the antennary orbits are
prominent in front of the eyes, giving to the head, at the sides, the square angular
appearance seen in A. dilatata ; prothorax one-fifth wider than long, sides gra-
dually (and slightly sinuously) roimded to five-sixths their length, thence somewhat
abruptly contracted and sub-parallel to the hiiid angles, which are slightly out-
wardly directed ; apex sinuous, the fore angles prominent ; base sinuous ; base
and sides somewhat strongly margined and grooved, apex margined only to one-
third the width at each side ; laterally, at each side the disc, are two or three shallow
rounded foveae, and there is also an impression at each side the middle of the base ;
minutely punctured at the sides and angles, the punctuation at the front angles the
strongest ; scutellum with a transverse depression on the disc, impunctate ; elytra
elongate, sub-parallel ; base shghtly sinuous, humeral angles prominent, rounded ;
punctate-striate, intervals fl[at on the disc, convex at the sides and apex, impunctate ;
under-side deep black, less shining than the upper ; flanks of the prothorax faintly
rugose, impunctate ; prosternal process longitudinally convex, scarcely margined,
faintly punctate, the extremity obtuse ; legs shining black, feebly punctate ; anterior
femora rather strongly arched, scarcely more robust (but less compressed) than the
four posterior ; anterior tibiffi elongate, sinuous, apically inwardly curved and pro-
duced, keeled on the upper-face, the apical half outwardly ciirvedly expanded and
hollowed out superiorly for the reception of the tarsi in repose, the under-side of this
expansion is thickly beset with short conical teeth j middle and hind tibisB shorter, sub-
equal, thickened at the extremity (which is also closely denticulate at the outer edge
and on the under-side), the apex inwardly produced: tarsi short, massive; first
joint of the posterior not longer than the last ; mesostemum somewhat abruptly
declivous in front ; intercoxal process broadly triangidar at apex.

Long. Corp. 7i lin.
Hah. : Mexico ; three examples.

In this and the following two Bpecies of Alegoria there is a con-
siderable departure from the generic type ; indeed, some of the
characters (those of the form of the anterior tibiae more especially in
the present species, and of the last joint of the maxillary palpi, form
of prothorax, antennae, meeosternum, and intercoxal process, in the

182 [January,

two following) are so strong, that, in a group less subject to extra-
ordinary variation ttan this to whicli Alegoria belongs (JJlomides*),
they would necessitate the creation of two new genera.

Alegobia quadraticollis, sp. n.

Oblong, sub-parallel, depressed ; glossy black, the antenna;, tarsi, labruna and
maxillary palpi dark reddisli-brown, the labials bright red ; mentum strongly trans-
verse, broadly emarginate in front, nearly as broad at base as at apex, sides strongly
and sub-angularly rounded, coarsely (but not closely) punctured, sulcate down the
median line ; last joint of maxillary palpi elongate, ovoid, and truncate at tip ;
labrum broadly (almost arcuately) rounded in front, the anterior margin entire,
rather coarsely but sparingly punctured ; head •with a large transversely oval de-
pression on the front (but more posteriorly placed, and more nearly between the
eyes, than the similar depression in A. Sallei), with another, somewhat angular, on
the epistoma, at each side of its emargination ; antennary orbits much less pro-
minent in front of the eyes, and more oblique, than in A. dilatata, so that the
head, at the sides, is less parallel and angular ; epistoma more contracted in front,
and the emargination (or notch) naiTower and deeper than in A. dilatata or Sallei ;
epistomal suture obsolete ; sparingly and finely punctured ; the rest of the head — ■
except the neck which is strongly rugose-punctate — moderately and not closely punc-
tured ; antennae with joint 2 large, sub-globular, 3 a little longer than 4, 5, or 6, and
all {i.e. 3 — 6) sub-cylindrical, 7 — 10 gi-adually broader, sub-triangular, moderately
perfoliate, 11 large, ovoidf ; prothorax sub-quadrate, depressed, wider than long, a little
narrowed anteriorly, slightly sinuously rounded at the sides, sinuously emarginate in
front, rather strongly sinuate at the base ; anterior angles somewhat prominent,
rounded ; hind angles obtuse ; sides and base margined (but not gi'ooved as in A.
Sallei), anteriorly the border is only faintly margined for one-third the width at
each side ; finely and not closely- — especially on the disc — punctured ; there are
three impressions at the base ; scutellum rather large and having three or four trans-
verse punctures on the disc ; elytra oblong, slightly widest behind the middle,
strongly depressed, sides somewhat sinuously and broadly margined ; base strongly
sinuous, humeral angle prominent ; rather finely punctate-striate, the pimctures
regidar and rounded ; intervals flat, sparingly and finely punctured, and slightly
(when viewed obliquely) transversely riigiUose ; legs shining black ; anterior femora
strongly compressed, sub-claviform, slightly more robust than the four posterior ;
the tibife are similar in form to those of A. dilatata, but less robust, and the denticu-
lations at the outer edge of the four anterior are inuch feebler and more regularly
formed in this species ; flanks of prothorax faintly longitudinally wrinkled ; meso-

* In the genus Uloma. the palpi, mentum, &c., are well known to vary considerably in form,
&c., not only m the different species, but also in the sexes of the same species, and the character
offered by the epipleural fold, which may ordinarily be relied upon, is here inconstant, it being
(so far as my experience goes; more or less abruptly terminated before the apex of the elytra in all
the species h'om the Old World and froni North America, whUst in all those from Central and 1
South America it is more or less broadly continued to the apical extremity : the hind tarsi also
follow the same rule, all those species coming from Central and South America have the 1st joint
constantly shorter than the last, and all those from the Old World and from North America have j
the Ist joint constantly equal to— in some species longer than — the last. — F. B.

tin A. dilatata the transverse joints are strongly perfoliate, and more or less obliquely!
truncated at each side the antennal axis, and the last joint is not ovoid ; in some examples the]
antenna; are slightly distorted, with joints 6, 7, or G, 7, 8 produced within, and somewhat pointed ; |
one sees a similar thing in 3 of Uluma orientali$, &c. — F. B.

1873.] 183

sternum rertical in front, profoundly and clearly excavated into form of V ; pro-
sternal process prominent, lanciform, longitudinally convex, not margined, iinely
punctured ; intercoxal process naiTOTv, tapering, the apex pointed ; first joint of
posterior tarsi longer than the last. Long. corp. 4j lin.

Hab. : Venezuela ; one examj^le.

AlEGOEIA PAEALLELA, sp. 11.

Smaller, naiTower, much less depressed, and less glossy than the preceding ;
antcnnse, palpi and tarsi clear red, legs and labrum chestnut-red ; the mentum is
less transverse than in the preceding species, the middle of the fore margin is
notched, the fore angles are strongly rounded, and the sides more narrowed to the
base, the punctuation is coarser and sparser, and it is not furrovred (or sulcate)
down the median line ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is of the same form as
in the preceding, i. e., elongate, ovoid, and truncate at tip ; the labrum is broadly,
and almost squarely, truncated in front ; the epistoma and antennary orbits are of
the same form as in the preceding ; the outer (terminal) five joints of the antennro
are of the same form as in A. quadraticollis, but joint 6 is much larger and wider,*
joint 3 longer and somewhat obconic, and joint 2 smaller and cylindrical ; the ele-
vated ridge between the eyes (on the crovm) is miich less marked than in the pre-
ceding species, consequently the depression on the front is faint or almost obsolete,
that at each side the epistoma is equally strongly marked ; the neck is much less
coarsely rugose-punctate ; the prothorax in the present species is a little squarer,
consequent on the sides anteriorly being somewhat less contracted, the emargination
in front is shallow and less sinuous, and the antei'ior angles less prominent and more
depressed, the base is equally strongly sinuous, and has the three impressions as in
the preceding ; the punctuation — especially at the sides — is sparser ; the elytra are
more parallel (i. e., not, or scarcely perceptibly, expanded behind the middle), some-
what convex (the lateral margins not being visible when the insect is looked at
from above), the punctures in the strise are less rounded and regular ; the legs, pro-
and mesosternum, and intercoxal process are all formed as in the preceding species.

Long. Corp. 3f lin.
Sah. : Brazils ; one example.

It is possible this may be the " second species " mentioned by
Lacordaire (Cxen. Col., v, p. 326), and it is more than probable that it
will eventually be linked to the preceding as but an extreme variety.

Corrections. — In No. 2, p. 133, in my description of Epiphysa ovata,
&c., I have written o£ the prosternum it has " the apical two-
thirds," &c., it should be the posterior two-thirds, &c. On
page 134, I have written the prosternal groove anteriorly is
quite smooth, &c., it should be the prosternal groove pos-
teriorly is quite smooth, <fec. I shall always describe as the
hind or posterior portion of the prosternum and prosternal
process that portion nearest to, and facing, the mesosternum.

* The present species may be said to have a gradually widening club of six joints, and
quadraticollis one of five jointtj. — F. B.

184 [January,

In No. 3,

On p. 150, line 8, for " in ", read " on ".

„ 16, " " elytra ", refft? " elytron ".

„ 25, „ " contracted ", read " compacted ".

„ 35, „ " near the mesosternum ", read " behind ".

„ „ 151, „ 33, „ " species ", read " genus ".
Leicester : December, 1872.

A DESCRIPTIYE LIST of EROTYLID^ Collected by GEO. LEWIS, Esq.,

IN JAPAN.

BY G. R. CROTCH, M. A.

[with addenda to the genus langueia by e. w. janson and 0. o. waterhouse].

Tam. EEOTYLID^.
Sub-fam. I. LAJVGUBIIBUS.

Grenus Lakouria, Latr.
L. Lewisii, sp. n.

Elongata, postice paulo attenuata, cenea, nitidissima ; capiite pares
evidenter punctata ; thorace parcissime obsolete punctata, latitudine di-
midia langiore, angulis anticis defiexis, ratundatis, posticis praductis,
acutis, bast tenue marginato, ante scutellum sat prafunde impresso, utrinque
stria obliqud divergenti impresso; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis
leviter cariaceis ; corpore suhtus rufo-ferrugineo. L. c. 4 — 5 lin.

Kawachi, in Nipon ; rather abundant by beating.

Eyes finely granulated, antennae with the 3rd joint longer than
4th, apparently 4-jointed club, elytra without an epipleural fold ; su-
tural stria not punctate, obsolete near the base.

L. UNicoLOR, Mots., Bull. Mosc., xxxix, p. 178 (1866).

Statura L. Menetrlesii sed dupla latior. Elongata, antiee pas-
ticeque attenuata, convexa, nitida, sub-viridicsnea, corpore suhtus ore
pedibusque plus minusve brunneis, antennis nigris ; capite punctulato ;
thorace sub-transverso-trapezoidale, subtiliter punctata, marginato, dorso
utrinque foveolato ; elytris thorace paula latioribus, punctato-striatis,
interstitiis fere planis. L. c. 1\ lin.

L. NiGRiPEs, sp. n.

Elongata, postice angustata, Icete ferruginea, nitida ; antennis {ar-
ticulis 1 — 2 rufis) pedibusque nigris, femorihus basi anguste rujts; capite
parce punctata ; tharace antiee dilatato, parce fortiter punctata, lateribus

1873.1 185

rotundatis, marginatis, hasi crasse marginato, transversim impj'esso,

utrinque striold profunde irnpresso, angulisposticis acutis ; elytris fortiter

punctato-striatis, stria siiturali punctata, interstitiis Icevibus.

L. c. 3i lin.

Nagasaki in Kushiu, Hiogo in Nipon. Kiukiang and Foocliow,

China.

Eyes convex, finely granulated, antennae with a 5-jointed club.

L. PB^USTA, S]J. 11.

Elongata, postice angustata, rufo-ferruginea, antennarum clava,
farsis, femorum elytrorumque apicibus nigris ; capite parce punctata ;
thorace latitudine long lore, ohsoletius parce punctato, ant ice convexo,
dilatato, hasi marginato, transversim impresso, profunde punctato, striola
utrinque ohliqud impresso ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis Icevibus,
stria suturaJi punctata, integrd. L. c. 3| lin.

Distributed as the last species in Japan and China.

Antennae with a 3- jointed club.

L. ATRICEPS, sp. n.

Elongata, suh-parallela, nigra, thorace, prosterno femoritmque hasi
riifis, elytris cyaneis ; tliorace latitudine longiore, antice convexo, dilatato,
hasi tenue marginato, transversim impresso, profunde punctato, striold
utrinque hrevi impresso ; scutello niqro ; elytris pmictato-striatis, hasi
marginatis, interstitiis Icevibus. L. c. 2 — 2i lin.

Nagasaki, very local.

Antennae with a 5-jointed club ; eyes finely granulated, convex.

L. EuncEPS, sp. n.

Elongata, suh-parallela, ferruginea, antennis (hasi ecccepta) abdo-
mine pectoreque nigris, elytris cyaneis capite parce punctato ; thorace
latitudine longiore, parce ohsoletius punctato, utrinque striold hrevi im-
presso ; scutello nfo ; elytris hasi marginatis, punctato-striatis, strid
suturali punctata, integrd. L. c. 2\ lin.

Abundant in Kushiu, and occurs in China in the same latitude. ^

Antennae with an apparently 4-jointed club.

(L. ?) Jais'sojh^i, sp. n. .

Elongata, postice antennuata, tota rifo-ferruginea, nitida ; capite
thoraceque parce punctatis, hoc suh-elongato, lateribus parallel is, antice
convexo, hasi tenuissime marginato, late transversim impresso, utrinque
vix striolato ; elytris hasi marginatis, obsolete striato-punctatis, inter-
stitiis Icevibus. i_ c. n lin.

18G [January,

A common species througliout Nipon and Kushiu.

Forms the tyj^e of a distinct genus with coarsely granulated eyes^

elongate antennae, a S-jointed club, and short tarsi.

G. 11. Cbotch.

An apparently non-descript species of Langiiria, overlooked by
Mr. Lewis when submitting his Japanese Erotylidce to Mr. Crotch,
having been just j)laced in my hands by the former gentleman for de-
scription, in oi'der to render the above paper as complete as possible,
I have drawn up the following characters from the solitary example
hitherto found by him : —

L. PEJETERMISSA, sp. n.

EJongnta, suh-^yarallela, rufo-testacea, antennis extrorsum, scii-
fello, ahdominlsque apice nigro-picels, elytris cyaneis ; tliorace elon-
yafo, postice anyustato ; pedihus yracilihus. L. c. 2 liii.

AntenncB capitis tlioracisqiie prope longitudine, tenuiores, clavd tri-
articulatd, rufo-testacece, articidis 5 uUimis nigro-piceis. Caput vertice
fortiter farcius punctatum. Thorax apice coleopterorum latitudine
untied pa ulo longior, hasin versus angusf at us, sat convexus, parce punc-
tatus, postice marginatus, transversim impressits^ et utrinque striold hrevi
notatus. Scufellum Iceve. Elytra tliorace 2)1 us duplo longiora, punctato-
striata, inter st it iis planus, strid sutiirali integrd, punctatd. Pedes
elongati, riifo-testacei, tarsis apice picescentibiis.

Hiogo, one example on Maiyasan.

This species is most nearly allied to L. ruficeps. Crotch, but is
readily distinguished by its narrower form, slender antennae and legs,
coarsely punctured head, the proportions and sculpture of the thorax,
and its rufo-testaceous meso- and meta-thorax and basal segments of
abdomen.

E. W. jAKSOJf.

28, Museum Street, London, W.C. : Nov. 22Hd, 1872.

The three following apparently new species of Languria from
Japan have been detected since the above descriptions were written.

LajS'gtjeia nigeitarsis, sp. n.

Elongata, nitida, supra cupreo-csnescens ; corpore siihtiis, ore, fe-
morihus tibiisque riifo-piceis, metasterno csneo-macidato, antennis tar-
sisqice nigris. Capite sat dense punctato. Thorace longitudine vix
latiori, ant ice paulo angustato, ante angulos posticos paido constricfo,
parum convexo, postice iransversim imp?-esso, parce suhtiJius picnctulato ;

1873.] 187

lateribus leviter rotundatis ; anguUs anticis vix promimilis,rti/fis,posticis
acutiiiscuJis ; scutello Icei'i ; eli/fris apicem versus angusfatis, apice
rotundatis, striato-punctatis, interstltiis stibtilissime suh-seriatim punctu-
Jatis. L. c. 4 lin. ; Int. 1 lin.

Very closely allied to Z. Letuisii, Crotch, but, besides the colour-
ation, it differs from that species in the thorax being shorter, and the
anterior angles being very slightly prominent, whereas in i. Leioisil they
are rounded. The punctures of the strife on the elytra are continued
to the base, but in L. Leicisli they are almost obliterated in the region
of the seutellum.

The thorax is distinctly narrower than the base of the elytra,
slightly convex, slightly narrowed in front, gently rounded at the
sides, slightly narrowed before the posterior angles, and not quite as
broad at the posterior angles as across the middle of the thorax.

The punctuation is sparse and delicate, almost obliterated towards
the sides.

Awomori Bay, extreme north of Nipou. One example. Coll.
Gr. Lewis.

Langueia pectoealis, sp. n.

Elougata, nitida, siipra (Bnea ; corpore subtus et ore riifo-piceis ;
metasterno, aldominis segmentis 1 Sf 2 apicequ,e cEneo-maculatis, antennis
nigris, pedibus fuscis, geniculis tarsisque nigro-piceis. Gapite dense
punctato. Thorace longitudine paulo latiori, antice vix angiistato, ante
angiilos posticos vix constricto, parum convexo, postice transversim im-
presso, parce sat distincte punctato, lateribus leviter rotundatis, angulis
anticis prominulis, obtusis, rufis, posticis acutiusculis. Scutello Icevi.
Elytris apicem versus angustatis, apice rotundatis, striato-piMictatis, in-
terstitiis subtilissime sub-seriatim punctulatis.

L. c. 4i^ lin. ; lat. li lin.

Extremely close to L. nigritarsis, but distinguished from it by the
colour, by the (still very slightly) prominent anterior angles of the
thorax, which is slightly less convex. The thorax is slightly narrower
than the base of the elytra, very little convex, very slightly narrowed
before the posterior angles, as broad at the posterior angles as across
the middle of the thorax. The punctuation is distinct, but not very
close, less distinct towards the sides.

Hakodate, in Tesso. Three examples. Colls. B. M. and Gr.
Le'o'is.

Langueia coitvexicollis, sp. n.

Elongata, nitida, supra cenea ; corpore subtus rufo-piceo ; meta-

188 [January,

sterno, abdominisque segmentis \ Sf 2 teneo-maculatis ; pedihus rufo-piceis,
geniculis tarsisque nigro-aeneis. Gapite sat dense piinctato. Thorace
lo7igitudine latitudine ceqitante, antice angustato, ante angulos posticos
constricto, per-convexo, postice transvet'sim impresso, sat dense et distincte
punctata, laterihus rotundatis, angulis anticis prominulis, ritjis, posticis
acutiusculis. ScutelJo Icevi. JEJytris apicem versus angustatis, apice
rotundatis, striato-punctatis, interstitiis suhtilius seriatim punctulatis.

L. c. 4| lin. ; lat. 1\ lin.

Closely allied to the preceding, but at once distinguislied by its
convex thorax, which is the same width as the base of the elytra, dis-
tinctly narrowed in front and before the posterior angles, the sides
much and evenly rounded, distinctly narrower at the posterior angles
than across the middle ; the anterior angles also are a trifle more pro-
minent than in either of the preceding.

Hakodate. One example. Coll. Gr. Lewis.

C. O. Wateriiouse.
British Museum : December \lth, 1872.

Suh-fam. II. EBOTTLIDES.

Trih. I. Dacnini.

Genus Dacne, Latr.
D. JAPONicA, sp. n.

Oblonga, rufo-Jerriiginea, elytris nigris, fascia communi fulvci, hu-
meris maculdque denticulatd scuteUari nigris ; capite tdioraceque fortius
punctafis ; scutello rufo, punctulato ; elytris siob-seriatim, lateribus con-
fuse sat crehre punctatis. L. c. If — 2 lin.

Nagasaki, in fungi on trees.

D. PicTA, sp. n.

D. jnponiccB p)roxima, sed minor, antennis hreviorihus, clavd valde
transversa, tarsis hreviorihus, thoracis disco late nigro, elytris fascia
prope basin fulvd utrinque interruptd notatis. L. c. \\ lin.

Distributed throughout the islands.

Genus Episcapha, Lac.

E. FoETUNii, sp. n.

Nigra, oblonga, tenuissime pubescens, sparse haud prof unde punctata,
thorace sub-transverso, lateribus marginato, basi bisinuato ; elytris haud
seriatim jjunctatis, singulis annulo humerali cum processu hamato suturam
versus, fascidque multidentatd et sub-arcuatd infra medium, rufo-san-
guineis. L. c. 8 lin.

Hiogo, in fungi on firs, in great profusion. China (Fortune).

1873.] ^^^

Trib. II. Triplacini.
Genus Triplax, Hbst.

T. JAPONICA, sp. n.

Oblonga, IcBte ferrugi7iea, antennis {hasi excepfa) pecfore elytrisque
nigris ; cnpite tlioraceque fortiter parce punctatis, lioc vaJde transverso ;
scuteUo nigro^punctis raris impressis ; elytris punctato-siriatis (sfriis 9)
interst it Us fortiter sed parcius ptaictatis.

Yar. antennis ferrugineis. L. c. 2 — 2i li)i.

Nagasaki aud Hiogo.

Resembles T. rwftpes, but is less ovate, the antenna? are mucli lon-
gei" and with only three joints red, the 3rd joint is longer than the
others, joints 4 and 5 are also elongate ; the maxillary palpi are
broadly dilated, the elytra immarginate.

Grenus Cxktotriplax.
Tritoma, Fab. [nee Greoff.] : type, bipustulata.
C. Lewisii, sp. n.

Ooata, tota ferriiginea, clypeo, antennis piedibusque nigris ; capite
tlioraceque parce punctatis, hoc basi sinuato, tenuissime marginato ; scu-
teUo magno, siib-Icevi ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis evidenter
punctuJatis ; abdomine pimctulato, lined, coxali vix ulld, metasterno la-
terihus fortius punctatis, mesosterno transverso, piano, prosteriio truncato.

L. c. 22 lin.

Ipongi, Nagasaki, in fungoid growth on rails.

Antennae with the 3rd joint sub-elongate.

Trib. IV. Erotylini.

Genus Aulacochilus, Lac.
A. JAPONicus, sp. n.

Ovatus, supra nigro-cyaneus, antennis pedibusque nigris; capite
tlioraceque fortiter parce punctatis ; scutello Icevi ; elytris seriatim
punctatis (seriebus 8), interstitiis evidenter parce punctatis, subtilissime
vix visibiliter pubescentibus, singulo vittd obliqud hasali (a basi prope
scutellum fere ad marginem pone hmnerum) , fascidque communi (antice
concavd) sub-apicali marginem hand attingenti, rufo-ferrugineis.

L. c. 3i lin.

On Maiyasan, Hiogo ; two examples.

This is the first species from Japan.

G. R. CuoTcu.

Cambridge : Ocioher, 1872.

190 [January,

Note on Acidota cruentata, Mann., var. ferruginea, Erichson, Gen. et Spec.
Staph., p. 862 ; Kraatz.—This interesting and very rare form of a somewhat scarce
species was not known to me as British, imtil Mr. R. Lawson took five specimens
of it, unaccompanied by the type, in flood refuse, during the past autumn, near
Scarborough ; in the neighbourhood of which town he also took in October last
many examples of ordinary cruentata, out of moss, without finding one of the above
mentioned race. I think, also, that there is one of the latter in the collection of
the Marquis of Ripon, taken by Mr. E. A. Waterhouse near Studley, Yorkshire ;
and I am quite certain that out of the numerous specimens of cruentata found by
myself some years ago (under peculiar circuiastances) at Chelsea, not one departed
in the least from the normal condition of the species.

Both Erichson and Kraatz, though attributing a diiferent value to the insect
now under consideration, agree in referring it with doubt to Lacordaire's description
oi ferruginea ; in which doubt I think they were more than justified, as, from the
latter author attributing the same length of elytra to it and to crenata, it iS clear
he could not have meant anything but type cruentata, to which both Fairmaire
(Faune, &c., p. 634) and Fauvel (Faune Gallo-Rhenane, iii, p. 89) refer Lacordaire's
insect, — without, however, mentioning any variety ; Fairmaire simply quoting the
reference to it (Favme Ent. Par. I, p. 4V7, erroneously 447) without even the
synonymic name, and Fauvel intimating an examination of the type. De Marseid,
in his Catalogues, follows Erichson, considering ferruginea to be a good species, and
attributing quadratum, Zett. {quadrum, Zett., oliin, nee Arpedium id., Qrav.) to it
as a synonym ; but there is nothing whatever in Zetterstedt's description to justify
this, and Thomson (Skand. Col. iii, p. 205) considers the latter to be another species
altogether (though how he reconciles Zetterstedt's " elytra thorace vix dimidio
longiora" with his own " prothorace pariun longiora " is not exactly clear). Kraatz
gwes ferruginea as " var. ? " of cruentata ; and from only knowing of two specimens
of it (including Erichson's one), is evidently unable to form a decided opinion on
the point. But Mr. Lawson's captures enables me to state positively ihat ferruginea,
Er., is only a form of cruentata ; — compared with which it is smaller, narrower, and
with markedly shorter elytra, of wluch the punctuation seems more confused, as the
abbreviation naturally diminishes the middle portion, where it is less irregular. In
all other respects, there is not a particle of difference to be found.

It may not be uninteresting to note that, judging from a single specimen in my
collection (given to me long ago by the Rev. T. A. Marshall), A. rufa, Grav., holds
a precisely analogous position with regard to A. crenata, having shorter elytra,
which are therefore somewhat less strongly and regularly punotate-striatc. Of this
character, however, I do not see any mention in the authors above quoted.

Thomson adopts rufa, Gyll. (1810), for cruentata, Mann. (1830) ; considering,
as I presume, that rufa, Grav. (1802), being sunk as a colom*- variety of crenata,
does not interfere with Gyllenhal's insect of the same name. — E. C. Rye, 10, Lower
Park Field, Putney, S.W. : December, 1872.

Note on AgapantMa micans, Paykull. — As our Longicorn beetles are so few in
number, and (as one would think) so well known, it very seldom becomes necessary
to refer to one's specimens: but I was, nevertheless, recently greatly siu-prised tc
find among my neglected series of Stenostola ferrea, an individual of the abo\r
meutioiied species (not hitherto reputed British), which has certainly been in that
position ever since I had a collection. I have never once taken S. ferrea, and I

1873.] 191

have no note of the locality of this specimen, -n-hich, according to my remembrance,
■was given to me by an old correspondent in one of the midland counties. The
species occurs in France and G-ermany (also in Italy, Dalmatia, the Caucasus,
Russia, and elsewhere), so that it may really be indigenous, and this note will, at
all events, serve to direct attention to the subject. The insect is of the size and
facies of S. ferrea, but of a purple or dark violet colour, with comparatively shorter
elytra, longer (12-jointed) antennse, and simple claws to the tarsi (not cleft at the
base). — Id.

On the superficial sexual characters of the British species of Bruchus. — The
male characters of the Bruchi have scarcely been noticed by English writers, yet
they are so useful in determining the species, that I am induced to offer a few notes
on those species I have been able to see. Walton notices the male characters of
B. atomarius and luteicornis ; Thomson, in addition, points out those of loti.

Section a [Hind femora toothed].

B. pisi, L., seems to present no appreciable external sexual differences, beyond,
perhaps, having the posterior tibiae and tarsi a trifle broader in the ^ .

B. pectinicornis, L. Antennae of S darker than in 2 , and with joints 4 — 11
triangularly developed internally ; antennae of $ simple. Middle tibiaj simple in
both sexes.

B. riifimanus, Sch. A' -^ynnae of g joints 6 — 11 wider than in ? , especially
joints 6 and 7 ; middle tibiae of S much bent and furnished with a hook at the apex.

B. atomarius, L., Thoms.* {seminarius, "Walton, nee Gryll.). Middle tibiae of $
slightly bent and armed with a small tooth on the inner marghi, about a quarter of
their length hefore the apex.

B. luteicornis, lUig. Antennae clear red in $, sometimes the five terminal
joints a httle darker ; middle tibiae of S (red) bent and armed at the apex with a
bifid and blunt black hook.

B. loti,f Pk. Middle tibise of S with the apex incurved and armed with a
bifid hook.

Sec. 6 [Hind femora not toothed].

B. ater, Marsh., nee Thoms. (villosus, F.). The males seem to have the hind
tarsi shorter and broader, with the basal joint thicker and more curved.

B. canus. Germ. Antennae of c? longer than in $ , joints 5 — 10 a little developed
triangularly internally ; tibiae simj)le in both sexes.

B. cisti, F. (ater, Thom., nee Marsh.). Antennae of c? longer and much stouter
than in $ ; joints 5 — 10 triangularly developed internally.

Of Bruchus mihilus, Boh., there is one, and of B. lentis, Boh., two, in Dr.
Power's collection ; these belong to Sec. a. These specimens are, I think, $ ; at all
events, they present no appreciable sexual characters.

Bnichus ajfflnis and vicice {nigripes, Gyll.) I have not seen. — H. S. GoRUAM,
Eusper : November 12th, 1872.

* Thomson, without assigning any reason, proposes to adopt this name for the iiisect known
to us as seminarius. There are two distinct European species of the latter name, one of Linn^us,
the other of Gyllenhal. Our insect is Linnitus's (as proved by Walton's examination of that
author's types) ; and it would seem that Gyllenhal's species, bemg posterior in date, is the one that
would require re naming. Possibly, Thomson has con.-iidered that the adoption of atomarius,
under which name Linna?us appears from t)iis to have again described his species, will avoid the
coining of a new name for that of Gj'lleahal's. — E. 0. R.

t According to AUard {'Etude sur le groupe des Bruchites,' supplemented in 'Petites
Nouvelles Entomologiques,' No. 6, and Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., xiii, p. 326 et seq.), the true IS. ioti
does not exist in any collection that he has seen ; the inference from his remarks being that
S. oxytropis, Schon., usually represents it. B. hti is stated to be distinguished _ from the latter
by its punctiform scutellum being covered with very dense pubescence, which is continued on
the suture, and by its general pubescence being more sparse. — E. C. R.

192 [January.

On the spinning of the larva of Balaninus Irassicce, Fab. — On a previous
occasion (Ent. Mo. Mag., vi, p. 137), I gave some particulars of the life-liistory of
this beetle, mentioning ititer alia, that tlie full-fed larva usually droj^s to the ground
to form there its earthen cocoon, coated inside with silk, but that in some instances
the larvse contented themselves with fabricating an umbrella-shaped silken roof,
underneath which the sculptured pupse rested without the additional protection of
an earthen cocoon. I had over and over again observed these full-fed beetle-larvae
quitting the galls of Nematus ValHsnierii, Hart., and simply falling to the ground.
They are very plentiful on some old trees of Salix fragilis in the gai'den here, and
having often watched their proceedings, I concluded tliat a " culbute " was their
only way of reaching their end. In this I find I am mistaken ; as, a little before
eight o'clock in the morning of the 25th October last, I found the amber-coloured
grub of this weevil suspended by an almost invisible silken thread, seven feet in length,
and attached to the leaf of an overhanging bough. A slight breeze kept the curved
larva swinging to and fro, which motion first directed my attention towards it. It
was then about three feet from the ground, but, while I kept watching, it descended
that distance, and then cut the cable. It had, however, given me time enough to trace
the thread with my lens from its buccal organs up to the leaf whence it had started,
and which, as I expected, showed its freshly gnawed'^ exit-hole in the Saw-fly gall.
I was most unwilling to credit this minute curculionidous larva with the extra-
ordinary feat of spinning which it accomplished before my eyes. Suspicious of a
possible error on my part, I took the trouble, as already stated, of tracing the whole
length of the thread ; subsequently, I measured the distance, and found it to agree
with my original estimate. The branch in question stands far out by itself and
overhangs a lawn ; so there was no possibility of a nearer point of attacliment for
the silken cord. The larva itself I have since carefully compared witli my descrip-
tion drawn iip in 1869, with which it tallies in every respect. — Albeet Muller,
South Norwood, S.E. : November \st, 1872.

Notes on captures of Semiptera and Coleoptera at Deal. —

Hemipteea. — -From the 4'th to 14th September, I devoted many hours to a
diligent search of the sand-hills between Sandown Castle and the "Chequers," for
insects of this Order ; and, passing over an enumeration of tlic commoner species, the
following seem worthy of record. Except where otherwise noted, all were found at
the tops of the hillocks, among the roots of the grasses growing thickly under and
among the procumbent branches of the oldest dwarf sallows or under bushes of
Hippophae rhamnoides, these positions being the best that could be obtained for
shelter during hibernation.

Strachia oleracea, Lin. (4), and Corizus parumpunctatus, Schill. (3), by sweep-
ing the flowers of Plmpinella saxifraga, abundant in the hollows.

Eurygaster nigra, Fab. A single specimen of the pale variety (var. a, communis
[of E. hottentotta'], Fieb.), exactly the coloxir of the sand.

Pseudophlaeus niibilus, Fall. A single specimen.

Ceraleptus squalidus, Costa. I got a fine series of this species, hitherto very
rare, only two British examples being known, and both from this locality. It is a very
sluggish creature, for, while one individual was turning himself over, a Verlusia
rhombea turned out at the same time, and ran up my arm to the shoulder. Coreus
dijjicilis, VoUenh. (Tijdschr. v. Entomol. 2 ser., iv, 56, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1869), must be
quoted as a synonym of this species.

1873.] 103

Neides parallelus, Fieb. Occasional among dead grass stems imder bushes.
These skeleton-insccta so closely resemble broken bits of grass that they would have
had every chance of being overlooked if they could have restrained their feelings or
had the sense to be quiet ; but they began to use their spider-legs immediately, and
so betrayed the presence of their bodies.

Calyjptonotus lynceus, Fab. Occasional among the dead leaves under the bushes.

EmbletJns verbasci, Fab. By the most assiduous searching, I could get only
three of this rarity, of which the first native specimen was taken at this place last
March (vide ante p. 4). The species is said by Frei-G-essner (Mitth. d. Schweiz.
ent. Gcsells. i, 308) to be found in Swiss collections under the name of Pachymems
marginepunctatus, Wolff, following, probably, Herrich-Schaffer's erroneous citation
of the name to his figure of JF. verbasci in the ' Fauna Germanica.' Wolff's species
is quoted by Walker in his ' List ' as British, but I know of no authentic example,
nor record of its capture.

Plinthisus bidentuliis, H.-S. Occasional.

Teratocoris Saundersi, D. and S. A single example among rushes.

CoLEOPTEEA. — CeuthorhyncMdeus Chevrolatii. Four specimens under the leaves
oi Achillea millefolium. (I also took two at Folkestone under similar conditions).

Aphodins sus, Fab. About twenty flew to the light of the table lamp on one
evening, and at no other time. — J. W. Douglas, Lee : October 8tk, 1872.

Captures of Hemiptera. — Mr. Or. C. Champion has just sent for my inspection
the following species captured by him : —

Neides parallelus, Fieb., taken by "grubbing," at Deal, in the middle of May;
evidently hibernated.
I Ceraleptus squalidus, Costa, one taken by sweeping, in a wood near Strood, in

the middle of September ; a new locality for this rare species. — J. W. DorGLAB,
Lee : 10th October, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa. — The great invasion of o\xr East Coast by Vanessa Antiopa
is a very uncommon event, and is to be accounted for, I think, by the very uncommon
weather which prevailed at the time. I consider the inference drawn by Mr. Stainton
that the invaders are natives of Norway to be true.

A very strong north-easterly wind prevailed during Avigust and the first six
days of September, quite sufficient to carry these strong and large-winged Butterflies
across the North Sea in about fifteen ho^irs.

Rosel, of Nuremberg, who reared this species 130 years ago, mentions only
willow as the food. — T. Chapman, Glasgow : October IQth, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa. — With reference to Mr. Stainton's remarks on V. Antiopa in
the Ent. Mo. Mag. for October last, I may mention that the insect was taken at
Uckfield, in this county, by a gentleman, under circumstances which lead me to
suppose hibernation was in contemplation.

On Friday last, the 11th October, my friend was standing in a timber-yard
about 12 at noon. The day was clear, the sun shining, and the air, although not
cold, was crisp and autumnal. In the yard there was a lump of oak-chips, three
or four feet high, placed under an oak tree. The gentleman noticed a butterfly.

194 [January,

which did not seem familiar to him, hover two or three times in a sluggish manner
about, or fly round, this lump of chips, and as many times settle on it. Then
he saw the insect crawl between the chips into the lump, on the side on which
the sun was shining. He carefully removed the chips and found Vanessa Antiopa,
apparently in a state of repose, on a small chip about a foot inside the lump. It
was a good specimen, but seemed in a semi-dormant state, and was secured without
difficulty.

The border certainly is not white, but has a yellowish tendency. At the tip of
each hind-wing the margin is decidedly yellow. — A. J. Hay, Steyning, Sussex :
October \Sth, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa. — The following additions to the record of appearances of
Vanessa Antiopa this year, contained in last month's " Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine," may be welcome, and would seem to corroborate the hypothesis you
have broached as to the origin of the numerous examples observed.

On 29th Aiigust, my friend, Mr. Eobert Hind, of this city, took one off the
summit of one of the palisades in front of the County Lmiatic Asylum in Bootham
here. Not being at all prepared for introduction to so distinguished an individual
at such a place and time, he had to trust to finger and thumb for securing it, and
succeeded, though with some detriment to its beauty.

On 17th September, being at Muston Lodge (about IJ miles West of Filey), I
saw one in the bright sunshine, about nine a.m., sailing gi-acefidly along the summit
of a belt of rather lofty trees, which enclose the lawn and garden in front. Its
peculiarly stately, gliding motion first attracted my attention. I took it for a bird
unknown to me. I lost sight of it for a few moments amongst the foliage ; it
presently re-appeared, and I then saw it was a butterfly. In its pi'ogress round, it
descended low enough to enable me to identify, but, to my regret, not to capture
it ; and I saw it glide away not without some admixture of pleasure in the dis-
appointment at its evasion of the fate to which I would have liked to consign it.

On the 19th September, our venerable friend, Mr. Thomas Allis, more fortunate
than myself, captured one in his garden at Osbaldwick (1^ or 2 miles from York),
which he has appropriately added to the rich collection of his late lamented son
(T. H. Allis), so munificently presented by him to the Museum of the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society. Mr. Allis had to improvise a net, — Vanessa Antiopa loitered
long enough for this, and its capture was accomplished. This, for a veteran natura-
list in his 85th year, is a noteworthy performance.

One lias also been captured at Selby, another was seen by a lady at Bridlington,
and Mr. Mclnnis, of Beverley, informs me that several (5 or 6) have been seen or
taken at and near that town.

Thus eight or ten examples at least, all occurring on or near the East Coast ot
Yorkshire, may be added to your list.

Mr. Allis' specimen has the white border. It is rather smaller than the average
of some foreign examples in my possession. The one I saw appeared to me to have
the border white.

Young collectors may derive encouragement from our venerable friend's expe-
rience, and indeed from my own. Having followed the pursuit for a period of 42
years or thereabouts, without once seeing an individual at large or alive, I had
ceased to hope that the pleasure of seeing one woidd be vouchsafed to me.

1873.] 195

Notices of some of the above may reach you from other sources, but lest they
should not, I thought it worth while to send you a record of them. — J. Bieks,
York : 18/A October, 1872.

Vanessa Ant iopa.— This was the first insect I ever bred in America, as far back
as 1861. It is quite common here during some j'ears, and I have known the worn and
faded spring specimens, which had hibernated, to congregate in considerable numbers
(m one instance round a barn). Its favourite food-plant here is willow, and I have
xisually found it within arms' reach. It is also found here on elm, birch, Lombardy-
poplar, and silver-leaved poplar.

It is double-brooded ; the first brood of larvae appearing late in May and early
hi June, and the second brood in August. We have them with the border of the
hnago of all shades, from white to deep yellow. I was always under the impression
that the white was merely a fading, as I have never noticed it on newly bred speci-
mens. I could hardly believe that an imago taken in August had hibernated.

In 1870, the larvae were very numerous around Boston, Mass., during the
month of July, stripping the elms and willows. — C. V. Riley, St. Louis, Missouri :
October, 1872.

Syntomis Phegea. — Several years ago, my late fi-iend, Thomas Henry AUis, sent
me a specimen of this insect for examination, which he fovmd in the possession of a
collector in the North of England, who assured him he captm-ed it in Yorkshire,
but I do not recoUect the exact locality. It had evidently been on the wing for
some time before it was captiired, and it is not very probable that such a worn
specimen would have been sent as a type from the continent. — Henby Dotjbieday,
Epping : December 13ih, 1872.

Note on the larva of Acronycta alni. — I found a larva of this species in Dunham
Park on the 20th of July last ; it was about three-eighths of an inch in length,
destitute of clavate hairs, with about three of the front segments of a cream colour
mixed with chocolate, the next six all chocolate, and the remainder chocolate
and cream colour. After its first and second moults, it had six clavate hairs just
behind the head, and the colour remained much as before. The third cast was
to a gayer attire, as it then became black, with thirteen yellow transverse bands,
one on the middle of each segment extending almost to the spiracular lines ; the
first segment had six clavate hairs placed transversely behind the head, the second
and third segments were destitute of clavate hairs, the fourth to the thirteenth had
each two clavate hairs, sub-dorsal in position. It was about one inch and a half in
length, when it again cast its skin, and exposed six parasitic Dipterous pupae, instead
of the wished for single Lepidopterous one.— Joseph Chappell, 1, Naylar Street,
Hulme, Manchester : 2Qth October, 1872.

Natural History of Celcena Saivorthii. — Beyond the very brief note by the late
Mr. R. S. Edleston of Manchester, in tlie ' Zoologist,' No. clxxii, I am not awaro of
any published account of the larva of this species ; and, having had a great desire to
become acquainted with it ever since I read that note, and having corresponded with
Mr. Edleston on the subject, I at last found a friend who could help me to my

196 rJaniuiiy,

object in Mr. James Batty of ShefEeld. From him I received on the 2l8t of last
July four larvffl, which he had taken from Eriophorum vaginatum. They were
found feeding a little above the root-stocks growing in a damp soil on wild moor-
land ; and Mr. Batty kindly sent a large tuft of the growing grass, which sufSced
for bringing the larvae to full growth.

Of the four larvee, one was evidently diseased, as it died on the evening after its
arrival, but the remaining three were lively and fed well ; and, as one of them seemed
to be full-fed by the 25th of the month, I then kept it apart from the rest, and saw
it was beginning to spin up on the same evening : on the 31st, I made an examination,
and was glad to observe it in the pupa state, reposing in a perpendicular position
within a slight cocoon composed of a few silken threads of rather open work, holding
around it some gnawings of grass and a little frass, and situated amid the sheaths
of the grass shoots. The perfect insect (a (?) came forth on August 15th; but,
unfortunately, the tuft of grass grew mouldy, and thus the other two never reached
the imago state.

The full-grown larva was three-quarters of an inch in length, and of moderate
stoutness, cylindrical in character, except that the thickest segments were the third
and fourth, the body tapering from them to the head, which was the smallest, and
again behind most gradually and slightly to the rounded anal tip, the plate on which
was flattened, and rather depressed in the middle, having a slight marginal ridge
behind.

The colour of the head, the plate next to it, as well as that on the liinder seg-
ment, was pale reddish-brown, and highly polished, while the plate on the second
segment was margined in front with dark brown ; the mouth and ocelli dark brown ;
the body of a middle tint of purplish brown above, and paler below the spiracles,
including the belly and legs, the skin though smooth, quite without gloss ; a dorsal
fainter paler line was visible chiefly at the end of each segment ; the sub-dorsal
stripe a little more distinct and paler ; the round tubercular warty spots were all
very dark brown and shining, each being furnished with an excessively fine short
brown hair ; the usual trapezoidal series on the back, gradually decreasing in size
from the fourth to the eleventh segment, were more conspicuous on the thoracic
segments, for there they were transversely oval in form, as they also were on the
twelfth and on the front sub-division of tlie thii'teenth, and considerably enlarged on
these last ; most of the spots along the sides were round, a small one a little above
and a large one a little behind each black spiracle, while lower down towards the
belly were two more in a line with each other parallel to the line of spiracles ; those
on the sides of the third and fourth segments were larger and somewhat of a drop
shape, the largest being behind, below them were three others, smaller, forming a
triangle on each of those segments ; the side spots were also enlarged on the twelfth
and thirteenth ; the hind ridge of the anal plate and the tips of the ventral legs
were dark ochreous-brown.

The above description exactly suited to the three healthy larva?, and also to the
sickly one as far as details went, but the colour of the skin of that larva was pale
greyish.

The pupa was half an inch in length, moderately thick in proportion, widest
across the thorax, and from thence diminishing a little towards the blunt and
rounded anal extremity, which was furnished with two sharp bristle-like spikes

1873.1 197

meeting near their points ; the wing-cases were well defined, but not very projecting :
its colour at first was a light reddish-brown which changed gradually afterwards
to darker brown, the abdominal divisions a little paler than the rest and with little
gloss, the other parts being highly polished. — William Bucklee, Emsworth :
October, 1872.

Description of the larva of Euholia lineolata. — A specimen of this insect which
I captured on the Cheshire sand-hills in the early part of April last deposited a few
eggs. They were in httle clusters, each batch containing eight or ten eggs ; their
colour was at first pale yellow, but soon changed to bright ochreous-brown. On April
30th, they had become slaty-brown, and on the following day the young larvae
emerged, their colour orange, tinged with green. They fed readily on Qalium
saxatile, though Qalium verum is probably their natural food, as it grows abundantly
on the sand-hills. On June 8th, I took down a description as follows : — -Length
about seven-eighths of an inch, slender, and of nearly uniform width throughout.
Head a little broader than the second segment and slightly notched on the crown ;
the face rather flat. Body cylindrical and very slightly attenuated from the 11th
to the anal segment. Skin tough, along the sides and at the segmental divisions
rather wrinkled.

Ground colour pale olive-green, at and on each side the segmental divisions
pink ; head greenish-yellow, spotted with black. Dorsal line dark green, and there
is a still darker and much broader smoky stripe above the spiracles ; between this
stripe and the dorsal line are two faint waved ohve-brown lines. The ventral surface
is bright yellowish-green, with paler central stripe ; the segmental divisions sulphur-
yellow. The larvae went underground and changed to pupa about the middle of
June ; the latter is about a quarter of an inch in length, smooth and shining ;
very dark brown, with the abdominal divisions pale brown. — Geo. T. Poeeitt,
Huddersfield : October 17th, 1872.

Notes on forcing Acidalia larvcB. — Last year, having succeeded in forcing the
larvffi of Acidalia strigilata by placing them in a greenhouse, I was induced this
season to try the experiment with other larvae of that genus ; and, as it has proved
a success, I venture to send a few notes as to the mode of treatment.

I feed the larvae up in the usual glass cylinders, placing calico round them tD
exclude the sun's rays, which, reflecting through the glass, would no doubt quickly
kill the larva and wither the food-plant. As soon as the larvae are about to assimie
the pupa state, I place mould in a saucer, and, to prevent it becoming saturated with
moisture from the evaporation of the water beneath, I slightly raise it to admit a
current of ah' passing beneath, and also place a block of wood in the centre, with a
hole through it to admit a plant. It is essential to do this, for, if the plant come in
contact with the mould, dampness is diffused through it in a very short time.

The following are the particulars of the species bred : — Acidalia strigilata ;
from twenty larvae reared seven moths, which appeared from 21st September to 20th
October, 1871, the remaining larvae hibernated. A. trigeminata ; bred a number of
moths from 26th August to 20th September, no larva hibernating. A. emutaria ;
faom twelve larvae bred ten moths, which appeared from 27th August to 1st Septem-

198 [January,

ber, the two remaining larvae hibernated. A. Tiolosericata ; bred several moths
from 7th to 20th September, no larva hibernating. All the above were fed upon
Polygonum aviculare, which, fortunately, stands the heat well.

I may add that I have tried the experiment with several of the hibernating
larvae of the liutterflies, and also of the Bomhyces, but have failed in every instance.
—A. H. Jones, Shrublands, Eltham : 2nd Octoher, 1872.

Note on Endopisa nigricana. — At the end of July last, I collected a number of
pea-pods containing nearly full-fed larvae of Endopisa nigricana (pisana), and looked
to breed moths from them next summer. I was, therefore, much surprised to breed
six specimens last month (August), two $ and one? on the 19th, and three? (one
each day) on the 20th — 22nd. They were not artificially forced forward, but were
kept in a fireless room facing the north, and with the window always open.

I have failed to find any record of this insect attaining the imago state within
three weeks from its larval condition, as it did in this instance. — J. E. Fletchee,
9, Pitmaston Road, Worcester : September IQth, 1872.

Answer to Mr. Ritsema's " Note on Crinodes Sommeri," i^c. — Before answering
the more revelant remarks in Mr. Eitsema's notice, I would {apropos of the first
paragi-aph) remind him of a common proverb, which in Grermany runs somewhat as
follows : — " Der in einem Crystal-palast wohnt, darf keine Steine werfen." A
simultaneous attack upon a new genus, in two different Magazines, is calculated to
impress one with the idea that the discoverer of the supposed error must have been
anxious that his acumen should be widely recognised : as an answer to the entirely
unwarranted supposition contained in the said paragraph, I need merely inform
Mr. Ritsema of one or two facts, which, had he studied my writings, he might
have discovered for himself. Hiibner's ' Sammlung ' has been almost constantly on
my table for the last seven years, and I know his figures as well as I know my own.

I do not make a practice of hunting up every conceivable resemblance in pattern
between a new genus and those previously figured in works known to me ; I content
myself, at most, with a structural comparison between closely allied forms.

I did refer in my paper to the genus Dudusa (inadvertently written Dudund),
a group to which C. Sommeri probably belongs* ; I had examined two species of this
genus, and therefore could speak with confidence of its relationship to Tarsolepis.

If Hxibner was not attached to the "type system," there is no reason why C.
clara of Cramer should not stand as the type of the genus Crino quite as much as
C. Sommeri.

The remainder of Mr. Ritsema's remarks being to a great extent based upon
suppositions, I shall content myself with answering his direct statements. He says
that the anal tuft entirely covers the sexual organs ; this is not the case with any ol
the specimens which I have examined, whether of Crinodes, Dudusa, or Tarsolepis.

As to the probability of a long cui-ved brush of carmine hairs being concealed
about the body of a Crinodes, it is to my mind more preposterous than it would be,
were our discussion respecting the identity of the Phillippine Eiisemia bambucina and

* The females of Dudusa have a zone of spatulated scales round the tail, but of only half the
length of those in the males ; the antennas are moderately pectinated, but there are no tufts of
long hairs at the base of the abdomen in either sex. — A.G. B.

1873] 199

the South American Limnas zoega, to suggest that the difference consisted in the
Eusemia having concealed the red spots towards the base of the wings.*

If the size of the body is dependent upon sex, it is evident that C. Sommeri
must be a male ; but, as Mr. Eitsema is avowedly working principally with Mr.
Snellen's male, which agrees in all the most important characters with Hubner's
figure, it does not signify to what sex the type of C. Sommeri belongs : it now seems
highly probable that Mr. Eitsema has the Hiibnerian species, and it is more evident
than ever that I have not.

The inaccuracies stated to exist in Hiibner's figures are easily explicable when
we know that figs. 1 and 2 represent the opposite surfaces of C. Sommeri, and that
in fig. 2, hardly any of the inner margin is visible, so that it is impossible to decide
whether it is waved or not.

I have now no more to say on this subject until I have seen Hiibner's type : if
the two genera come from Java, they will probably add another to the numerous
illustrations of mimetic analogy ah-eady on record. I shall not, therefore, until I
have proof of some such interesting fact, by a comparison of the actual type with
Javanese specimens, encroach further upon the patience and good humour of the
readers of this Magazine. — A. Gr. Btjtlee, 17, Oxford Eoad, Ealing : Dec. 5th, 1872.

[This controversy must now cease. — Eds.].

New sugaring lamp. — It may interest those who do much in sugaring to hear
that I have lately had a new lamp constructed, which has answered admirably. It
is easily trimmed without soihng the fingers, bums with a bright white light, and is
in every way far more cleanly than an oil lamp.

It was made for me by Messrs. Hinks and Son, Birmingham, the lamp being a
" sponge spirit " one, burning benzoline. The wick is round, and is lengthened or
shortened by means of a rack and pinion with a milled head. Altogether it is a great
success. — Geo. Noeman, Cluny HiU, Forres, N.B. : November, 1872.

Saggerstone Entomological Society. — The fifth Annual Exhibition of the above
Society took place at the Society's Eooms, 10, Brownlow Street, Haggerstone, on the
evenings of Thursday and Friday, November 14th and 15th, when, in spite of
the extremely inclement weather, there was a very fair attendance of visitors : the
exhibition, if not exceUing, being in no respects inferior to those of preceding years.

Amongst the many rarities exhibited, were specimens of Vanessa Antiopa (eight,
taken this season), A. Latlionia, C fraxini, Z. meliloti, N. albulalis, C. erythro-
cephala (var. fulva), D. galii, A. Selene (remarkable var.), C. dominula (black var.),
C. caja (black var.), &c., &c. A novel feature in the exhibition was contributed by
Mr. E. Gr. lileH'k, and consisted of a complete set of entomological apparatus. Mr. F.
Bond also very kindly lent several cases of extraordinary varieties from his extensive
Ornithological collection ; Dr. Knaggs exhibited several interesting microscopic
objects, illustrative of the difference on the scales of various genera of Butterflies ;
and Mr. Cooke, with his usual kindness, contributed several large cases of magnifi-
cent exotic Lepidoptera, which excited great admiration.

Entomological Society of London, ISth November, 1872. — H. W. Bates,
Esq., F.L.S., &c., m the Chair.

N. G^reening, Esq., of Warrington, was elected a Subscriber.

* In other respects, these two insects are as much alike as in most cases of actual mimicry
—A. G. B.

200 [January, 1S73.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited the specimen of Vanessa Antiopa captiired by Mr.
Hewitson near Weybridge on the let November, as recorded by Mr. Hewitson in
this Magazine.

Mr. Howard Vaughan exhibited the example of Cramhus verellus captured by
Mr. C. A. Briggs at Folkestone, also recorded in this Magazine.

Mr. Meek exhibited Nephopteryx argyrella, a species of Phycida new to
Britain, said to have been captured by Mr. Button near Gravesend. He also
exhibited varieties of several species of British Lepidoptera.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. A. R. Wallace concerning the ravages
committed in Dr. Spence's collection of South American mosses and hchens by some
small insect, which, according to the exuviae, was probably some species of Tineina.

Mr. Meldola exhibited a beautiful drawing of the dark variety of the larva of
Aeherontia Atropos.

Mr. Miiller read notes on the entomological papers contained in the ' Abhand-
lungen der schweizerischen naturforschenden G-esellschaft ' from 1823 to 1864.

Mr. W. A. Lewis read a paper intended as (in part) a reply to that read by
Mr. Dunning at the previous meeting, in which he stated that the difference between
Mr. Dunning and him was entirely one of words, and repeated his charges against
Dr. Hagen.

2nd Beceniher, 1872. — Prof. Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

The following gentlemen were elected : — M. Henri de Saussure as Honorary
Member ; M. E. Pictet as Foreign Member ; and Messrs. A. Phipson and G-. W.
Bird as Ordinary Members.

Prof. Westwood exhibited a drawing of a variety of Pyrameis cardui captured
many years since by the late Mr. Desvignes on Margate sands. Also drawings of
Strepsiptera intended to illustrate Mr. S. S. Saunders' recently published work on
those insects.

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Lyccena Mgon having the right-hand wings
plain brown, and those on the left-hand blue ; at first sight it had the appearance of
a hermaphrodite, but was, in reality, a female combining the two forms of that sex :
also varieties of Notodonta dodonea, Acronycta megace'phala (black), and MiseUa\
oxyacanthce. He further exhibited a fine new British species of Ichnemnonidee
{Anomalon fascial 11.111) bred by Mr. Mitford from the larva of the supposed variety
of Lasiocampa trifolii from Pjomsey.

Mr. F. Smith, in answer to a question put to him by Major Munn as to
" whether Queen-Bees ever sting," stated that he had never been stung by one, and
Prof. Westwood said this was also his experience.

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Thy amis distinguenda, Eye, and Litho-
caris picea, Kraatz, recently described and noticed in this Magazine.

Mr. Miiller read notes on the manner in which the ravages of a Nematus on Salix
cinerea are checked by Picromerus hidens, L.

Mr. Dunning read supplementary notes on the genus Acentropus.

Mr. F. Bates communicated Descriptions of new species of Heteromera belong'
ing to the family Tenebrionidm.

Mr. Baly communicated the first portion of a Catalogue of the Phytophaga of
Japan, in part drawn up from the materials collected by Mr. George Lewis.

Mr. Trimen communicated a paper on new species of South African Butterflies ;
tlie insects were exhibited.

February, IRTS.] 201

j
NOTES ON HETEROMERA, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA
AND SPECIES (No. 5).

BY F. BATES.

ULOMIMIMUS, nov. gen.
At once to be distinguisliecl from Aiitlmachus and Ulovia by tlie
anterior tarsi being dilated and clotbed beneath with a brush of dense,
short hairs, the penultimate joint much smaller than the preceding ; and
by the anterior tibise being strongly triangularly dilated, and furrowed
above for the reception of the tarsi in repose. Mentum cordiform,
densely pilose ; last joint of labial palpi elongate-oval, slightly
attenuate at apex, that of the maxillary elongate-triangular, and
obliquely truncate at apex ; antennge short, joint 3 longer than the
following, 5 — 10 more or less transverse, perfoliate, equal at each side
of the antennal axis, the 11th very large, rounded; head immersed in the
prothorax to the hind margin of the eyes, nearly concealing the neck ;
labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate in front, the angles
rounded ; epistoma produced beyond the level of the insertion of the
antennae, emarginate in front, the angles rounded, the suture well
marked by an impressed line angular at the sides ; prothorax a little
wider than long, moderately convex, sides rather sharply contracted
in front, widest before the middle, thence gradually narrowed to the
base, apex rather strongly (and slightly sinuously) emarginate, front
angles prominent, base almost squarely truncated, the hind angles
forming obtuse angles, faintly margined at the base and apex (obso-
letely so at the middle of the latter), more strongly at the sides,
without pit or excavation anteriorly ; scutellum large, triangular,
the sides sinuous ; elytra but little wider at the base than the base of
the prothorax, moderately convex, sub-parallel, base slightly emargi-
nate, humeral angle distinct ; epipleural fold entire, but very narrow
behind ; legs robust, the four posterior femora compressed ; tibias
strongly compressed, the anterior strongly and sinuously dilated from
near the base to the apex — which is four times the width of the base ;
superiorly, at the inner side, channelled for the reception of the tarsi
in repose, the apical half densely pilose within, the outer margin
entire {i. e., neither dentate nor serrate), longitudinally keeled on the
under face, the keel raised up in the middle into a broad pointed
tooth, exterior to this keel the under-surfaee is studded with short,
spine-like teeth, which, close beneath the margin — both lateral and
apical — are equidistantly ranged in line ; the four hind tibia; are
triangular, the outer apical angle produced ; excepting at base and
apex, they ai'e closely and coarsely punctured and hispid, inner margin

202 [February,

ciliate with long hairs ; spurs robust, the inner one nearly double the
length of the outer : anterior tarsi expanded, pulvillate beneath,
pilose at the sides and more sparingly so above, v the penultimate
joint much smaller than the preceding ; the four posterior somewhat
elongate, slender, pilose, the penultimate joint smaller than the pre-
ceding, the 1st joint equal to the last in the intermediate, longer than
the last in the posterior ; mesosternum strongly declivous ; prosternal
process declivous behind, the apes slightly recurved : intercoxal pro-
sees sub-truncate at the apex.

This genus would seem, in a measure, to form the passage between
Alegoria and the true Ulomides : it should, I think, be placed between
Alegoria and Antimachus ; this would necessitate a slight modification
of Lacordaire's arrangement of the genera.

U. INDICA, sp. n.

Oblong, sub-parallel, moderately convex ; brownish-blaet, shining, the mentum,
antenna?, palpi, tarsi, labrum, and margins of epistoma fei'ruginous, the legs chestnut-
red : head coarsely and closely rcticulate-pimctate ; prothorax punctured — sparsely on
the disc — the punctures large, deep, roimded, and partly filled in with an apparent
exudation of an ashy tint ; scutellum smooth : elytra witli nine (including the
extreme marginal one) fine but deep striae, and a short scutellar one, the stria; punc-
tured (the punctures being much wider than the striae, the elytra appear crenulate-
Btriate), the 4th and 5th stria shortest and united at some distance from the apex ;
intervals convex posteriorly, very minutely and sparsely punctured ; pro- and meso-
Bterna, flanks of pro- and mesothorax, and base of epipleural fold, strongly and
closely puuctiu-ed ; metasternimi, abdomen, and femora sparingly punctured, ab-
dominal joints rugulose at the base. Long. corp. 4 lin.

Hah. : East India ; one example.

The peculiar punctuation of the prothorax, as described, con-
trasting with the rich shining brown-black of the surface, imparts
quite a marked character to this species.

Note. — AlpJiitohius {Seterophaga) lateralis, Bohem., belongs to the
genus Eutochia, Le Conte.

SPILOSCAPHA, nov. gen.
Near Scaphidema : differs in having the head longer, sub-trape-
zoidal (not rounded) in front ; the eyes narrower, laterally more
prominent ; labium shorter ; mentum much shorter, transverse ; last
joint of maxillary palpi stouter, sub-securiform ; antennae much
stouter, joint 3 decidedly longer than 4, 5 to 10 strongly transverse,
more compact, less triangular ; prothorax rounded at the sides, less
contracted in front, anteriorly compressed, the fore angles less jiromi-
nent, more depressed ; the sterna more prominent and convex ; the
presternum compressed in front before the coxae ; prosternal process
more prominent behind, the lateral edge not reflexed or thickened ;

1873] 203

mesosternuni more vertical, and more clearly and deeply excavated in
front, more closely receiving the prosternal process ; intercoxal pro-
cess not quite so broad, the apex less broadly truncated, situated on a
lower plane than the metasteruum.

The above differential characters will amply suffice to distinguish
this genus from Scaphidema ; and from all the other genera of the
sub-family it may be at once distinguished by its broad, truncated
intercoxal process.

S. CEASSICORNIS, sp. It.

Oval, Bub-depressed, testaceous-red, shining ; antennae, save tlie basal joints,
shining black ; head entirely red, a slight impression at each side the front, rather
strongly punctured, slightly rugosely so behind ; prothorax finely punctured, with
four large black spots, two at front, at each side the middle, somewhat triangular,
and two squarer, at each side tlie middle of the base, — these are more or less broadly
united two by two, leaving a somewhat triangular space at the sides anteriorly, and
enclosing a discal space of a pentagonal form, its apex directed to the front ; tho
reflexed margins entirely testaceous-red ; elytra rather strongly seriate-punctate, tho
intervals very finely and sparsely punctulate, having a large black patch at each side
the scutellum, another, smaller, on the shoulder, and two broad, transverse bands,
one median, the other sub-apical, neither of which extend to the suture ; reflexed
margins entirely testaceous-red ; imder-side, mouth organs, and legs shining reddish-
brown ; ordinarily, the sterna are entirely deep black, but in one of my examples
the prosternum is reddish-brown. Long. corp. £5 lin.

Hah. : Sydney, New South Wales ; four examples.
Platydema thalUoides, Pascoe, from the description, should be
very near to, if not identical with, this species.

HOPLOCEPHALA AMAZONICA, Sp. 71.

? . Shining reddish-brown, epistoma (entirely) , head in front, and legs ferru-
ginous ; antennae and mouth organs ferruginous-yellow ; head rounded in front,
rather strongly and very closely punctured, front with a well-marked triangular
depression, a small tubercle within, and close to, each eye ; prothorax angidar at
the sides, i. e., rapidly expanded to the middle, or very slightly beyond, thence
abruptly, but rather more curvedly, contracted to the hind angles, which are
rounded ; elytra distinctly transversely rugulose. Long. corp. 2i lin.

Hah. : Santarem, Lower Amazons ; one example, $ .

Differs from H. artnata (Cast, and Brulle) by the lighter colour,
the stronger and much closer punctuation on the head, the well-
marked triangular frontal depression, the somewhat differently formed
prothorax,* and the more decidedly transversely rugulose elytra.

I have not seen H. Hoffmansegi, C. and B., but, as its describers
state the head to be finely punctured, and the colour entirely brown,
it should be a different species from the present one.

* In H. armata the sides of the prothorax are expanded from the apex to decidedly beyond
the middle, and from thence arc broadly rounded to the base, almost completely effacing the
hlud angles. — F. 13.

204 ' [Febniary,

H. CASTANEA, S]). 71.

S ■ Entirely glossy castaneous, the prothorax more or less dappled with dusty-
black ; anteniiEe, legs, and organs of the mouth yellowish-ferruginous ; head finely
and sparsely punctured, horned (and epistoma tubereled in front) as in S. armata ;
protliLirax very minutely and distantly punetulate ; the piuictuation on the elytra is
similar to that on S. armata, but much fainter and more dispersed ; pro- and meso-
sterna as in H. armata.

In the ? the horns are represented by two large broad tubercles, there is also
a strong foveate depression on the middle of the crown, and the epistoma is simple.

Long. Corp. 3| lin.

Hah. : New G-ranada ; two examples, (J aud $ .

Differs from S. armata by its larger size, ligMer colour, aud
mueh fiuer aud more sparse puuctuatiou.

H. LATERALIS, SJp. 01.

S ■ Grlossy, prothorax and seutellum rufo-castaneous, the former dappled with
dusky-black, having the appearance of polished mahogany ; elytra pitchy-black, with
the margins, base, and for one-third the length of the suture, rather broadly rufous ;
head rounded in front ; antennary orbits slightly reflexed ; epistoma not reflexed —
and with two conical tubercles — at the front ; horns rather slender, sub-cylindric,
distant at the base, directed forwards, slightly arched, slightly convergent ; the head,
between the horns, is slightly concave, the usual deep, rounded excavation on the
middle, behind the horns, is in this species wanting, or is only slightly represented
by a faint, rounded depression ; the eyes are less prominent than iisually obtains in
this genus, and are somewhat narrowed posteriorly, above, by a slight expansion of
the cheeks, — they are thus intermediate in form between typical Hoplocephala and
Evoplus ; prothorax moderately convex, arcuate-emarginate in front, fore angles
distinct, sides almost regularly rounded, more contracted at apex than at base,
indistinctly, minutely, and distantly punetulate, a foveate, punctui-ed, sub-marginal
depression at each side, near the middle ; elytra seriate-punctate, intervals rather
broad, flat, smooth, indistinctly punetulate ; under-side dull red, mouth organs and
legs clear red, antennae darker ; prosternal process lanciform, terminating behind in
a slightly recurved point ; mesosternum iu front sub-horizontal, sub-vertical, deeply
and clearly excavated.

$ . Epistoma simple, horns I'cpresented by tubercles, eyes (above) broader,
not contracted behind by an expansion of the cheeks, the punctured fovea at each
side the prothorax obsolete. Long. corp. 4 lin.

Hah. : "Colombia;" two examples, ^ and $ .

A very distinct and handsome species, and remarkable by the
cJ not having the usual deep excavation on the vertex.

Note. — Jloplocepliala (Neomida) haladica, elongcda (== sulcata), and
striata, Montrouzier. These three species, as represented
in the Collection Done, belong : — the 1st to the Helopides,
and is identical with Strong ylium viridipenne, Mont. ; the
2nd also belongs to the HeJopides, near (I think) Isopus ;
and the 3rd is a Platydema. Judging from description,
Platydema oriticiim, Pascoe, = P. striatum, Montrouz. I
have received this species from New South Wales, as well as
from New Caledonia.

Leicester : December, 1872.

1873.] 205

A LIST OF ENDOMTCEII)^ COLLECTED IN JAPAN by GEO. LEWIS, Esq.
WITH DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW GENEEA AND SPECIES.

BY THE BEV. H. S. GOEHAM.

Among the insects collected by Mr. Gr. Lewis in the Japan islands
are a few EndomychidcB, of which six species appear to be new, and
not very close to anything known, and two, as I apprehend, pei'tain to
now genera.

The following is a complete list of the species observed.

ENDOMTCHID^.
Trih. 11.— Bapsini.
Anctlopus, Costa.
Anctlopus melanocephalus, Oliv.

This widely spread species extends from Sicily, through Africa,
the East Indies, and Malay Isles, to Japan.

" In rubbish heaps, common in all the islands ; generally in great
profusion."

CoNiopODA, g. n.
Gen. Lycoperdinam simulans, sed antennarum clava triarticu-
lata, coxcB anticcB a prosterno separatee, et elytra pilosa.

CONIOPODA OEIENTALIS, Sp. n.

Ovata,ferruginea, parce pubescens antennis pedibusque nigris ; his
femorum hasi, tarsisque rwfis : scutello transversa, triangulari.

Long. Corp. lin. 1\ — If.

Caput parvum, oculifortiter granulati,antennce et tuherculis inter ocidos et
ad corum marginem contiguis exortce ; articulo tertlo secmido pauIo longiore,
4 — 8 stib-cBqualibus, quadratis, 9, 10, 11 his dvplo latiores. Thorax fere trans-
versus, angulis anticis dejlexis, 2}osteriorihus acutis, stria marginali integrd, sulcis
iasalibusbrevibusfortiterimpressis; medio leviter punctatus. lElytro apicem
versus attenuata, piibe brevi concolore parce vestita, leviter crebius punctata,
apice stria suturali medio haud attingente. Pedes nigri, femorum basi tarsisque
rujis, tibiis piceis, basi apiceqtie dilutioribus.

Two specimens ; Hiogo. " Distributed in Nipon and Kushiu."
I have a specimen differing but slightly from the above insect,

labelled (as from North America), " Upipocus ferrtigineus," which is,

however, neither an Epi])ocus nor a Lycoperdina.

Ltcoperdina, Lat.

Ltcopebdina dux, sp. n.

Ohlongo-ovata, picea, nitida, omnium parcius suitiliter punctata,

thoracis elytrorumque marginibus dilutioribus, scutello transverso, an-

tenaritm articulo penultimo intus triangular iter dilatato.

Long. Corp. lin. 2| — 3.

206 t February,

" Frequent in puff balls under trees ; Maizaeau hills, Hiogo."
The largest species in the genus known to me.

Ltcopeedina mandaeinea, Grerst.

Two specimens, (^ ? , with the above, and one from Nagasaki.

Satjla, Gerst.

Saula ni&bipes (?).

Nagasaki. " Distributed in Nipon and Kushiu."

This differs a little from a specimen from Ceylon, the base of the

antennro are black, and the whole insect rather more shining ; but I

see no structural difference.

Mtcetina, Muls.

Mtcetina amabilis, sp. n.

Ohlongo-ovata, nigerriina, nitida, eJyiris macula scutellum versus

hmiiatd, duabits alteris parvis ante apicem, tarsisque rujis.

Long. corp. 2| lin.

Caput crebre subtiUssime punctatum, tuberculis antenniferis ad antennarum
insertionem testaceis. AntenncB nigrce, articulo secundo piceo, tertio permulto
hreviore, 3 — -5 inter se sub-cEqualibus, 6 — 8 brevioribus, latitudine Tiaud longi-
oribiis, ultimo testaceo. Thorax fere glaber, margine rejlexo, angulis posticis
acutis, basi siilcis obliqids utrinqne sat fortiter impressis, marginato ac depresso.
Elytra creberrime, suhtilissime punctata ; punctis ad apicem fortioribus. Pedes
femoribiis leviter incrassatis nigris, apice summd, tibiarum basi, tarsisque rufis.

Nagasaki, in agarics rare : three examples from Ipongi ; in one
of these the apical spots are wanting.

Mtcetk^a ancoeiger, sj). n.

Breviter ovata, nigro-picea, nitida. Elytris vittd humerali prope

suturam productd, margine tenui, apiceque indeterminate castaneis,

parcius sat profunde punctatis. Antennis crassiusculis.

Long. Corp. 1\ lin.

Caput tuberculis antenniferis et antennarum basi piceis, his articulo 2<^<'
tertio dimidio breviore, 3 — 5 latitudine paido longioribus, 6 — 8 sensim crassi-
oribus, 9 — 11 fortiter transversis, aptice summd ferrugined. Thorax longitudine
duplo brevior, marginatus, sulcis basalibus arcuatis. Scutellum piceum. Elytra
thorace parum latiora. Pedibus piceis, genuius tarsisque dilutioribus.

Nagasaki, with the preceding, and also at Hiogo and Yokohama.

Stexotarsus, Perty.
Stexotarsus nigeiclavis, sp. n.

Ovatus, rufo-ferrugineus, pube hrevi concolore vestitus, crehre punc-
tatiis, antennis (hasi excepta) piedihusque nigris; illis clavd hrevi, articulis
9 et 10 transversis, ultimo ovato ; Ids tarsis rtifis. Long. corp. \\ lin.

1373.] 207

Near S. claviger, Gerst., in the section without punctured Btriao ;
but the antennae have the club with joints very short for a Stenotarsus,
. and the punctuation is finer and closer than in 8. claviger.

In rubbish heaps : probably occurs throughout the islands.

Trih. IV. — Endomychid^ adsciti.
Pajstamomus, g. n.
Antennarum clava triarticulata, articulo nono decimo suh-
(Bquali. Pronotum ampJtim, basi hisulcatd. Coxae anticcB contigucB.
Tarsi visihiliter -i-articulati.

Genus Leiesti pt'oximus, at tJiorace ampliore et corpore convexiore,
forma magis Sylaiw, distinctum videtur.

Panamomtjs Lewisi, sp. n.

Ohlongus, piceiis, nitidus, thorace amplo, parce punctata, elytrisque
apicem versus dilutiorihus, pedihus antennisque testaceis.

Long. carp. 1 Un,

Caput parvum, epistoinate a lined transversa marginato. Thorax sub-
quadratus, margine laterali sinuata, angulis anticis acutis dejlexis, posteriorihus
fere rectis, sulcis duohus profundls, extus plied recta determinatis. Elytra
stria suturali leviter impressd, integrd, et seriebus sex punctorum haud conspicuis.
Scutellum magnum, semicirculare.

Nagasaki ; a single example in fungoid growth on a Spanish
chestnut : 1866.

Rusper, Horsham : January, 1873.

DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF COLEOFTEBA FROM CHILI.
BY EDWXN C. EEED.

GrXEIOSOMUS KlNGI, Sp. 71.

Niger, nitidwlus, sub-parallelus, suh-planatus ; pronoto transversa,
antice arcuatitn emarginato, marginihus lateralihus reflexis,postice prope
hasim sulco arcuata impresso, anguJis p)osticis productis ; prosterna in
medio piostice producto ; eJytris basi punctis magnis irreguluribus im-
pressis, sulcisque latis, cinereo-pubescentibus, obliquis, omatis.

Long. carp. 16 — 19, lat. 7 — 9 mill.

Hab. : North Chile.

I have compared this insect with the fourteen species of Gyrioso-
mus in the National Collection, and with the descriptions of five or six
other species supposed to be Chilian, and I find it differs from them

208 fFebniary,

all. It was taken by Mr. Tliomaa King, in the dry district of Carrizal
Bajo, in the province of Atacama, on the r^outhern border of the
desert.

- Gteiosomus affinis, sp. n.

A prcecedente staturd my'ore, corpore ovato, convexo, pronoto antice
parum angustato, post ice Jatiore, angu'is o?nnibits productis, tantum
differt.

Long. Corp. 20, lat. elytrorum ad hasim d, pone medimn 13 mill.

Hab. : North Chile.

One specimen, from the same locality as G. Kingi. •

CAJfTHAEIS (?) PhILIPPII, Sp. U.

Ulceus vel menmonms, cap)ite punctato, in medio macula ruhrd no-

tato ; pronoto sparse punctata, rugoso, antice sulco trasverso sat profunde

impresso ; elytris liiieis elevatis irregulariter reticulatis, areolas sat

magnas includentihus, instructis ; ahdomine pedibusque nigris.

Long. Corp. 18 — 28 mill.
Hab. : North Chile. •

This fine insect was also taken by Mr. King in the above men-
tioned district. It doubtless may be placed in the genus Gantharis as
defined by Lacordaire (Gen. des Col. v, p. 676), although there are
sufficient differences to separate it generically from G. {Epicauta')
femoralis, Sol., the other known Chilian species.

Nacebdes Saundeesi, sp. n.

Nigra, coeruleo-micans,puiescens ; capite nigro, ore rufo ; pronoto

rujb, maculis duahus nigris notato, postice attenuato ; elytris elongatis,

sutwrd et utrinque vittd marginali luteis ; ventre nigro ; prosterno

femoribusque rvfis ; geniculis, tibiis, tarsis antennisque fiiscis.

Long. corp. 8 — 9 mill.
Hab. :* North Chile.

This appears to be the same species as that described by Tair-
maire and Grermain (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1863, p. 268) as N. Ser-
villei, Sol. (in G-ay, Zool. v, p. 259), and, if so, it is an instance of
the numerous cases in which these authors have rendered " confusion
worse confounded " by trying to improve Gay's descriptions ; for here
they have taken an insect which cannot be of the same species as that
which Solier had in view when he wrote the description alluded to.

The writings of these authors abound in errors of this description ;
one of the worst may be found I. c. 1858, p. 733, where an elaborate
description of a Stigmodera, supposed to be S. chilensis, Guer.,is given.
This description was, however, taken from a very dissimilar species.

1873.1 200

as they themselrcs admit /. c. 18G7, p. G27. I could (if it were neces-
sary) quote more than a dozen of similar errors committed by them
I in their few papers on the Chilian insects.

LiSTEODEEES SUPEEBUS, Sp. %.

Mngmis, ater, squamuUs minimis aureis vestifus ; rostro tricarinato ;
pronoto aniice latiore, supra piano, rugis ohliquis, confusis, radiantibus,
et antice carinuld mediand sciolpto ; elytris vix quam thorax lafiorihus,
obsolete sulcatis, supra plants, marginihus lateralibus parallelis, sulcis
ante partem declivam utringue in dentes desinentibus, elytrorum apice
emarginato, sub-quadridentato.

Long. Corp. absque rostro 22, lat. pronoti 5, elytrorum 6 mill.

Hab. : South Chile.

A single example was taken some years ago by Dr. E. A. Philippi,
in the province of Yaklivia, and presented by him to the National
Museum, with the above M.S. name ; but no description of it has, to
my knowledge, been yet published. Another specimen was taken by
Capt. F. Vidal, of the Chilian Navy, in the province of Llanquihue, in
January, 1872.

Stenoceeus Vidali, sp. n.

Ovatus,pube corticind dense tectus; pronoti tergo tridentato, linedque
transversali elevatd instructo ; elytris incequalibus, ad hasim utrinque
tuberculosis, tubereulis in medio excavatis, nigra ornatis, ad apicem ma-
cula triangulari nigrd ornatis ; prosterno nigro.

Long, cor p. 7 mill.

Hab. : South Chile.

One specimen, from Llanquihue.

National Museum, Santiago de Chile :
July, 1872.

DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF AFEICAN LEPIBOPTERA.

BY CHEISTOPHER WAED, E.L.S.

{continued from page 148) .

Chaeaxes Akdaea, n. s.

$ . Upper-side : botli wings deep black, crossed midway vertically by a wliite band,
broadly suffused on both sides with bluish-grey ; beyond the third median ncr-
vule in fore-wing this band breaks into foui' distinct wliite spots, the two upper
ones curving upwards and much smaller ; outer margin of fore-wing with small
red spots placed between the nerviires. Hind-wing with three tails, narrow and
rather long, black, with bluish-whito streak down tlie centre.

210 [February,

Under-side : resembles C. Brutus, but the markings generally darker, and the white
band narrower and more clearly defined.

? . U_p2}er-side : as male, but with the white band broader, and beyond the third
median ncrvule of fore-wing changuig to ochreous-red ; touching and beyond
the extremity of cell an elongated marking, above this a triangular group of five
spots, all ochreous-red, the costa edged with the same colour.

Under-side : resembles that of the male.

Expanse, 3 inches. Habitat, Madagascar.

Chakaxes Andbiba, n. s.

<J . Size and foi'm of C. Zoolina. Upper-side : ochreous-red, with apex and outer
margin of both wings broadly bordered with brown, a brown spot crossing the
cell of fore-wing, hind-wing with one tail.

Under-side : light reddish-brown, lustrous at outer margin, both wings crossed by a
narrow band of darker brown, edged inwardly with silver, several small silvery
markings at the anal angle.

Expanse, 2i inches. Habitat, Madagascar.

Tlie upper-side of this species rather resembles that of C. Zoolina,
whilst the under-side is near C. Neanthes. I have recently received
C. Zoolina and G. Candiope from Madagascar, the former does not
differ from the Natal examples, the latter has the apical half of fore-
wing much darker than the Natal specimens, and will probably be the
species recently described by M. Lucas as G. Antaviboulou, and his G.
Antanala is the same as G. Gacuthis, Hewitson.

Halifax : December, 1872.

{To he continued).

BEITISH SEMIPTEEA: NEW ^V^CIE^—SOMOPTEEA.
BY J. W. DOUGLAS AND JOHN SCOTT.

Ydimilj.—JASSIDA, Stal.
Genus.— ATHYSANUS, Burm.
Species 1. — canescens, -D. and S.
Pale ochreous. Elytra ashy-grey, farinose, mostly with inter-
rupted fuscous streaks on the nerves.

Head short ; above, sometimes, round and on the anterior margin a faint fuscous
line ; beneath, always, a strong, somewhat broken black line round, but not on,
the anterior margin. Rostrum, apex black.

Thorax : pronotum transversely crenulate, with three short, longitudinal, fuscous
lines not reaching the anterior or posterior margin, one in the middle and

1S73 1 211

one on each side of it slightly divergent posteriorly, equidistant from the
middle line and the side margin. IScutellmn, posteriorly, with a dusky
spot. Elytra ashy-grey, farinose, the nerves interruptedly brown or fuscous,
the streaks more continuous and darker outwardly than inwardly, being
very short next the inner margin, disc almost, and the anterior margin
wholly and broadly, clear. Prosternwm, at the outer side, with two confluent
black spots. Legs pale oclireous : above, thighs, 1st and 2nd pairs with two
black spots near the apex, smaller and fainter on the 2nd pair ; tihicB with a
black dotted line on the inner side, and distant, spinose hairs on the outer mar-
gin ; 3rd pair, thighs with a black line on anterior edge, and a large black spot
on the inner edge at the apex (or sometimes two, the upper one less distinct),
the apex itself having a strong projecting spine ; tibia, inner margin with a
strong black line, and thickly set with short, fine, spinose, ochreous hairs ;
outer margin with more distant, somewhat curved, ochreous spines, each arising
from a black dot ; tarsi all ochreous, 3rd pair fuscous beneath ; claius all black.
Under-side : 1st ^^air, fulcra, a large black spot near the base ; thighs, a longitu-
dinal fuscous line near the anterior margin ; 2nd pair, thighs with a transverse,
geminate spot beyond the middle, and a round one near the apex, black ; 3rd
pair, as on the upper- side.

Abdomen beneath clear pale ochreous, the lower edge of each segment, next the

clear connexivum, with a large, triangular black spot.

Length, 2— 2i lines, ^ ? .

Note. — The dark markings on tte upper surface are frequently in
part or wholly wanting, and the fariuosity extends on to the
pronotum as well as the elytra.
Apparently related to Cicada argentata, Fab., E. S. iv, 38, 47.
A few examples taken, in July, among short grass on the Downs,
Ventnor, Isle of Wight ; also in August, at Birch Wood, and Seven-
oaks, Kent.

Species 2. — cognatfs, B. and S.
Yellowish, or with a faint brownish tinge, slightly shining. Elytra
pitchy -brown, with pale nerves.

Sead : above, a little before the anterior margin a bow-shaped, brown streak, and
behind it, in a line with the anterior margin of the eyes (which it does not
reach) , a broadish, transverse brown streak ; near the basal angles a more or
less distinct brown spot, enclosed by a curved line, exteriorly ; beneath, face
black ; anterior margin, a central Une, the apex and about seven fine transverse
undulatory lines on each side, yellow. AntenncB black, or pitchy-black ; Ist
joint, base, and apex, pale. Rostrum brownish-yellow ; apex black.

Thorax : pronotum very finely wrinkled transversely ; anterior margin in the middle
with a small, somewhat lunate, brown patch ; from beyond the middle, and
extending to the posterior margin, four brown streaks, the two exterior ones
slightly diverging and terminating at the basal angles of the scutellum, the two
interior are placed on either side of the centre, and are 1 T-shaped. Scutellum
slightly depressed in the centre, in which is a hrown Jleur-de-lis shaped character.

212 [February

having the central shaft divided by an extremely fine yellow line. JSlyira
pitchy-brown, nerves yellow ; corium — area, adjoining the clavus, pitchy-brown ;
in the other areas the colouring is more or less interrupted in the middle ;
apical* areas with a spot at tlie base, and the margin narrowly brown. Sternum
black ; prosternum, lateral and posterior margins yellowish-white. Legs sordid
yellow ; thighs — 2nd pair with a row of black spots on the upper edge ; 3rd
with three or four spots on the upper-side, next the apex, and on the inside, a
short black streak ; tibice — inner margin black, except the base ; upper and lower
edges of the outer margin with a row of black spots ; spines stout, long, brown ;
apex narrowly black ; tay-si — 3rd pair yellow ; Ist and 2nd joints at the apex
broadly black ; 3rd joint black ; apex very narrowly yellow.

Abdomen above black, with a line down the centre, broadest at the apex ; beneath
entirely black ; genital plates, towards the apex, brownish ; connex'wum above
white ; jimctions of the segments narrowly black. Length, \\ — 2 lines.

Scarce. It has occurred in Scotland and Devonsliire.

{To be continued).

NOTES ON BEITISH TORTEICJES.
BT C. G. BARRETT.

(continued from p. 130).

Tortrix icterana. — Altered by Wocke to paleana, Hiibn. (1790),
a much earlier name. This Professor Zeller confirms. But paleana
is an evident misj)rint for paJleana,; and Hiibner subsequently
sunk the name altogether. Mr. Doubleday thinks it identical with
the yellow variety of viridana {Suttneriana, Schiff.). I have received
from him a cimous variety of this species, having loliitish hind icings.
It is found, not uncommonly, in the South of Germany.

Tortrix vihurnana, W.V., Pab. — Wocke alters this to vihurniana,
Eab. ('Mantissa Insectorum,' 1787),' but this change seems altogether
unnecessary, since vihurniana is evidently a misj)rint ; and Pabricius
himself corrected it to vihurnana in his ' Entomologia Systematica *
(1793).

The larva is sufficiently polyphagous. In addition to the food
plants mentioned by "Wilkinson, M. Jourdheuille gives joined shoots
of Alisma plantago, Hanuneulus acris, Caltha palustris, and Ononis
sjyinosa ; and Professor Zeller tells me that he has bred it from one
of the Umbelliferce.

Tortrix viridana, Linn.

Tortrix ochreana, Hiibn. — Introduced into the British list on the
authority of a specimen in the collection of Mr. P. H. Harper, which
is said to have been taken in the New Forest.

1873.] ^ 213

This gj^ecimcn 1 have not seen, but the description and figure
of it in the ' Entomologist's Annual ' for 1867 agree perfectly with
German specimens sent by Professor Zeller.

If I am correctly informed, this specimen was not captured hy
Mr. Harper ; and its nativity seems exceedingly doubtful, especially
as Professor Zeller refers to it as a South European species. He says :
-" I never saw it alive ; the specimens I send are from Vienna."

Tortrix Forsterana, Fab. {adjiinctana, Treitschke, and of Dou-
bleday's List, is a name of later date). — According to Professor
Zeller, this species occurs in Germany, in fir woods, among Vaccinium
myrtiUiis, on which it seems to feed. With us, it especially favours
ivy and privet. It is liable to great variation in size, far beyond
AV^ilkinson's measurements. My Eannoch specimens (cJ) are not
more than eight lines in expanse, while a ? from Dublin measures
an inch and a quarter.

Tortrix dumetana, Treitschke. — Professor Zeller tells me that this
species is very rare in Germany, and that he stirred his specimens
out of a thicket, at Glogau, in which was no oak.

Tortrix lieparana, W.Y.

Tortrix riheana, Hiibn. — In Staudinger and Wocke's Catalogue,
the variety cerasana, Hiibn., is considered as a distinct sj^ecies, and
Professor Zeller appears to hold the same opinion, as, indeed, any one
would, looking only at the general appearance of the variety — its
peculiar dull brown colour, broad fascia, and apparently broader
anterior wings ; but the proof of its identity with ribeana seems per-
fectly satisfactory. Guenee says " nearly all authors have given this
" {ccrasana) as a distinct species. I have seen and received many,
" but they have always been varieties of ribeana, more or less clouded
" on the disc of the wing. I have obtained both fi'om the same
"larvK :" and Mr. Doubleday writes — "I have seen the two varieties
" in copulation ; these and other varieties swarm on a cherry tree in
"my yard."

Tortrix cinnamomeana, Treitschke. — All my specimens of this
species occurred among oak, and not beech, but this was in a district
in which beech is rare. In Epping Eorest it seems to frequent
beech only.

Tortrix corylana, Eab.

Tortrix transitana, Gn. — This is diversana, Hiibn., as corrected by
Mr. Doubleday in the supplement to his List. On the Continent a

214 [February,

miicli paler and clearer variety occurs, but is rare. It is dull pale
ochreous with a slight olive tinge, and the markings pale olive-brown.
I am not aware that this variety has been found in Britain.

Wilkinson is certainly in error in saying that this species occurs
generally throughout the country, and is not uncommon. It is usually
rare in this country, but Mr. Stainton tells me that in July, 1851,
he found it in abundance under elm. Mr. Machin tells me that he
has collected hundreds of Tortrix larvas in one of its few localities,
but has bred only three or four of this species from them. These
fed on birch and willow. I think that Wilkinson's mistake has
arisen from the fact that fine males of T. rosana have sometimes been
mistaken for this species : rosana may always be known by the yellow
or reddish colour of the apex of its hind- wings, which in difersana
are entirely fuscous.

Xiozotcenia sorhiana, Hlibn. — Wocke divides Tortrix and Lozofwnia
into five or six genera, mixing with them some suificiently startling
species from other groups, but he does not do violence to our judg-
ment so far as to separate them into ^iiiiinct families.

Lozotcenia mtisculana, Hlibn. — From the habits and general
appearance of this species, I think it far more appi'opriately placed
here than in the genus G)iephasia.

LozotcBfiia latiorana, Stainton. — Mr. Doubleday sinks this, in his
List, as a variety of costana, Pab., and in this I am convinced that he
is correct. In the few specimens which I have been able to examine,
the form of wings is exactly as in costana, and precisely the markings
of that species may be faintly traced in the male. I cannot see any
difference in the satiny gloss of the two forms.

Lozotcenia semialbana, Gn. — Professor Zeller tells mo that he
finds this species on beech.

Lozotcenia costana, Fab. — In some parts of the country specimens
are found, not uncommonly, in which the whole of the fore-wings is
sviffused with the fuscous or reddish colour of the fascia. In the
Norfolk fens, however, where the insect is exceedingly abundant,
this variety seems very rare. I have received it from Birmingham
and York.

Lozotcenia unifasciana, Dup.

Lozotcsnia fulvana, ^ohi^.? , Wilk. — Mr. Doubleday, in his List,
correctly substitutes pyrasirana, Hiibn., but this is superseded by Dr.
Wocke in favour of Podana, Scopoli (' Entomologia Carniolica,' 17G3),
a far earlier name. Professor Zeller confirms this correction.

1873.] 215

LozotoGnia picenna, Liuu. — Wilkinson merely mentions this spe-
cies incidentally at tlie end of tlie genus (p. 65), but Mr. Doubleday,
liaving faith in the one known British specimen, retained it in his
List ; and in July, 1868, I had the good fortune to confirm it by the
capture of a specimen on the borders of Hants, as recorded in ' Ent.
Mo. Mag.,' vol. viii, p. 272.

As it does not appear to be described in any English work, I
append a description made (as my own specimen is also a female, and
not very fine) from specimens kindly sent me by Professor Zeller : —

Head, antennae, and palpi brown. Thorax pnrjjlc-brown.

c? . Fore-wings pale pinkish-brown, with a rich purple flush ; markings choco-
late-brown. Basal patch distinct on the dorsal margin, but interrupted in the
middle of the wing by a patch of raised pale fuscous scales, which occupies all the
basal portion of the costal margin for one-third of its length. Central fascia oblique,
narrowest at the costa, and emitting from its external margin a narrow crooked
streak towards the apex of the wing. Above this is a slight cloud on the costa.
Parallel with the hind margin is a second fascia, dilated at its upper extremity, but
toot attaining the costal margin. Near the anal angle is a narrow oblique streak.
pilia and hind-wings pale fuscous, with a golden flush.

? . Altogether paler, the purple flush very faint. Markings similar to those
of the male, but much broken up, and confused by streaks and dots emitted from
their margins. The streak from the central fascia towards the apex is nearly obso-
lete, but the costal blotch above it is distinct, forming a flat triangle. The streak
from near the anal angle is perpendicular, and, as well as a parallel one given off
from the base of the central fascia, nearly crosses the wing, which has altogether a
Curious reticulated appearance from the number of faint perpendicular lines crossing
the nervures. Hind- wings yellowish-fuscous, yellower towards the apex.

According to Zeller, it feeds on Pinus sylvestris.

Lozotcenia rohorana, Hlibn. — Corrected in Doubleday's List to
cratcegana, Hiibu., under which name Hiibner figured the ? earlier in
his work than the (^ (rohorana) .

I used to find this handsome species rather commonly in oak and
fir woods on the borders of Hants.

Lozotcenia xylosteana, Linn.

Lozotcenia rosana, Linn.

N^orwich : December 12th, 1872.

Note on the occurrence in England oj" Clijtns ert/throcephalns, Fah. — Among some
British Coleoptera recently sent to me for names by Mr. J. Chappell, of Manchester,
is an example of the above-named North American species, accompanied by the
following note : — " The Longicom was taken by Mr. Thorpe of Middleton, a Lc-
pidopterist, about a mile or two out of Middleton, in a grassy place, at rest on the
grass." That severe scrutiny of the claims of all wood-feeders to our list is required,
fUl, of course, be conceded by all : but I cannot refrain from observing that, sup-

216 [February,

posing this species were indigenous to the European instead of the American
Continent, the above evidence vrould certainly have warranted us in supposing it ■
British. The species is less bulky than C. arietis, with longer and much thinner legs,
and entirely ferruginous in colour, with the exception of four yellow bands on the
elytra, which are more or less darkened apically. — E. C. Rye, 10, Lower Park Field,
Putney, S.W. : January, 1873.

Cajdures of Coleoptera in the Isle of Sheppy, cfe. — Although especially devoted
to the study of Lepidoptera, I have for some time been in the habit of bottling any
Coleoptera that I have met with, and which I have from time to time consigned
to my friend, Mr. Champion ; and, although, as might be expected, the greater
number have proved to be of universal distribution, a few rarer species have occurred,
of which I add a list, which may not be altogether uninteresting. Nearly all the
species mentioned have been found during the past season.

In the Isle of Sheppy, I have found Polystichus vittatus, occasionally under
stones, clods, &c., and once or twice at the roots of trees, when digging for pupae ;
Lionychus quadrillum, rarely, in a salt-marsh ; Licinus sllphoides, several under
stones on the beach, just above high-water mark ; Zabrus piiger, plentiful, running
up grass-stems at dusk ; Aleoeliara sanguinea, lata and iilineafa, Oxypoda Water-
housii, Romalota pulchra and cinnamoptera, Sunins intermedius (very common),
Stenus ater (not rare), Cryptophagus ajffinis (common), punctipennis, and cellaris,
Atomaria peltata and fuscipes, Saprinus rotundatiis, Throscus ohtusus, Apion pxihes-
cens, &c., in stack-refuse ; Qxytelus insecatus, Phalacrus brumiipes and Sumberti,
Syncalypta Mrsuta, Scirtes orbicularis, Dolichosoma lineare (not rare, especially
towards evening), Hylades obscurtis, Litodactylus leucogaster, Sibynes primitus,
Apion conflueiis, Bagoiis inceratus, Erirhinus pillumus, Donacia dentata, &c., by
promiscuous sweeping on the tops of the cliffs, in salt marshes, on ditch sides, &c. ;
Choleva morio and nigrita, Cryptophagus setulosns (common, with swarms of ordi-
nary species), Triphyllits suturalis (plentiful), Tetratoma fangorum and Engis
humeralis (4) in fungi on elm trees ; Bledius spectabilis, common, burrowing in the
clay banks of brackish pools, and accompanied by dozens of Dyschirius saliuus and
a, tew politiis ; Ochthetius rufimarginatus &tiA Bayous j-etrosus (Walton) in refuse
on ditch-banks, rarely; Niiidula 4:-pustulata, common in a dead and desiccated gull,
hung up to scare small birds, and which repaid examination for weeks, until I had
quite beaten it to pieces ; JJermestes undulatus, not rare in carcases on the beach ;
Mycetophag us 4-guttatus and Phlaophag as sjiadix, each singly, crawling on stones
in the hot sunshine ; Opilus mollis and Cleriis fonnicaritis, also singly, under bark;
Telmatophiliis typhre, common between leaves of Typha latifolia, preferring those ■
withered plants which had been attacked by Konagria typhm, and accompanied by
a few T. Schonherri and Homalota incana ; Lucanus cervus, a remarkably fine ^,
with enormously developed head and mandibles ; Sibynes arenarice, common in
sandy places on the beach, under Arenaria maritima ; Apion limonii, abundant at
roots of Statics limonium, in a salt-marsh, the ravages which it commits on its
food-plant being very obvious ; A. Schodnherri ; Ceuthorhynchideiis frontalis, com-
mon on Artemisia maritima, along with swarms of Thyamis absinthii, and, very
rarely, Mordellistena pusiLla; Ischnomera melanura, abundant in tlie Dockyard,
running about on wooden pavement in the sunshine ; Crepidodera chlorls, abuiulaut
on willows ; Bryaxis Waterhoiisii, rare, under stones on the shore.

1873. 217

Near Chatham, during the past summer, I met with the following, along with
many commoner species, in a " trap " formed by a wheel-rut full of water, by the
side of a wood path, viz. : — Homalota hepatica (1), Anisotoma dubia and badia,
Cyrtusa pauxilla, Amphicyllis globus, Orobitis cyaneus, Chrysomela varians, Psyl-
liodes dulcamara!, and Mniophlla mu.icorum. By casual sweeping, I have taken
MeUgethes timbrosus, Aphodius arenariiis, Dasytes oculatus (one <?), Ceutliorhynchus
coMearice, Miarus graminis, Phylaecia cylindrica, Pachyta collaris, Mordellistena
hrunnea, &c. Baridius picicornis was common, at roots of Meseda lutea, as usual ;
TrachyploRus sptiiimanus (not rare) and squaimdatus, and Syncalypta spinosa (com-
mon), at roots of SeUanthemum vulgare in chalky places; Eledona agaricola,
plentiful in fungus, and Mordella fasciata occurred freely on umbels of Daucus
carota, &c., one very hot day in July ; I also found a few under bark of a fallen and
very much decayed tree (apparently a chestnut) in company with Cerylon histeroides.

At Swale, Kent, by cutting tufts, &c., I)inopsis erosus, Stenus ater, and
Throscus obtusus have occurred to me. — James J. Walkee, 7, West Street, Blue
Town, Sheerness : December 12th, 1872.

Note on stvarms of Pruchus. — A ship came ashore here a few days since, laden
with beans, which the people said were uifested with "bugs:" so I went down
to see, and found Bruclms rufimanus in much larger quantities than I ever saw
beetles before. I was only there about a quarter of an hour, and I got over two
quarts of them ; they were running all over me, and when I got home and lighted
the gas, numbers of them took wing, making a bu^zzing noise like the house-fly, and
seeming to take a delight in settling on my head. — Kobeet Lawson, 28, Trafalgar
Square, Scarborough : November 25t7/,, 1872.

Occurrence of Apatura Ilia in Plngland. — Mr. W. O. Hammond (of St. Alban's
Court, near Wingham, Sandwich) brought to the Museum for determination, quite
recently, a slight variety of Apatura Ilia, taken in the larval state by a young friend of
his : finding, however, tliat A. Ilia was not a recorded British species, Mr. Hammond
promised to make further enquiries, and send me precise data as to the time and place
of capture ; he accordingly writes (December Slst, 1872), as follows : — " I told you
" that I would let you know the particulars of the specimen of A. Ilia, which I
" brought for your inspection. It was caught in August, 1869, by Mr. Arthur
' Tritton, the son of the Rector of Otford, in Kent, at Aldermaston, in Berkshire, in
" the larva state, upon the oak ; changed, remained a long time in pupa (how long is
" not stated) , and finally produced the imago which you saw. The larva is described
" as pale green with yellow spots ; appearance of the pupa, not remembered. If Ilia
" is a well-determined continental species, then here is a British occurrence. But is
" it not possible after all that Ilia may be simply a variety of Iris, oak-fed, while the
" type is sallow-fed — why is Iris always about the oak -tops ? I merely suggest this :
" no doubt there is conclusive evidence the other way."

I think the suggestion thrown out by Mr. Hammond is worth following up ; it
has often struck me as a curious fact that examples of intermediate forms, apparently
hybrids, between A. Iris and A. Ilia, slioidd be so common ; it has not yet been con-
clusively proved that Lepidopterous insects are never affected by their food-plant. —
A. Gr. Butler, British Museum : Ist January, 1873.

Vanessa Antiopa in January. — Many of your readers will be interested to hear

21g [February, i

that a specimen of the Oamberwell Beauty (Vanessa Anfiopa) -was taken here yester-
day. A young lady was passing under some trees on her way home from church
after morning serrice, when a large butterfly, which proves to be a Camberwell
Beauty, fell in a torpid state, though still living, upon her hat. You have recorded
many instances last summer of the appearance of this rare butterfly, whose annus
mirahilis in England has been 1872 : but that it shoidd have favoured us with its
presence in January is a most extraordinary fact. — J. N. Simpkinson, North Creake
Eectory : January Qth, 1873. (Extracted from the 'Norfolk Chronicle,' Jan. Wth).

Lepidoptera at Guestling in 1872. — Bad as the past season has been, I have met
with a few species worth recording, most of them, however, taken near the sea at Pett,
a locality which, although it is but two miles distant, I have not as yet properly
explored. June 10th — Ci/matophora fluctuosa : this specimen was worn, but I took
a beauty five or six weeks afterwards. July 8th — Lithosia quadra, S ; I took at
different times two specimens at sugar, and missed two more. Cucullia asteris ;
took one specimen on the wing, and later in the season found a few larvae. 11th —
Odontia dentalis, Anerastia lotella, Somceosoma eluviella ; these were all taken at
Pett, the last in good quantity at dusk, on the flowers of Carduus lanceolatus : I
also took Pteropliorus lithodactylus among the flea-bane. 13th — Acronycta auricoma, ■
one, at sugar ; Sodophcea tumideUa, not uncommon. 19th — Stenia punctalis ; took
two specimens at Pett flying with Cledeohia angustalis ; I could not distinguish
between them until tliey were in the net. JSupithecia siihnotata, several worn
specimens. August 3rd — Acidalia rubricata came to light, to my surprise, as I
should not have thought this a likely locality for it. September 1st— F". Antiopa
about this date, as recorded last month (November), p. 138.

I am sorry to have to make the following corrections in former records : —
Phycis carbonariella (Ent. Mo. Mag., May, 1871, p. 277) should be P. betulella ;
I had quite overlooked the small indistinct tufts of raised scales on the fore-wings.
Etipithecia virgaureata and Pteropliorus microdactylus (Ent. Mo. Mag., June, 1868,
p. 23) were only E. cafttigata and P. tephradactylus ; they were worn specimens
about which I had felt doubtful, and were returned from London with the names I
recorded. I am sure now that they were wrongly named.- — E. N. Bloomfield,
Guestling Rectory : November ^th, 1872.

On reversed motion of the limbs of Arthronomalus longicornis, Leach (electricus,
Gervais). — A few weeks ago, I had occasion to watch the proceedings of this Centi-
pede, while dealing with its living prey, the large fuscous Podura so abundant
among decaying vegetable matter.

Happening to disturb a flower-pot, I observed the creature rapidly sallying out
of the interstice between the pot and saucer. It carried the caudal segment ahead
and slightly raised, while the last pair of feet were acting as antennae, their tips being
directed forward, and occupied with alternatively feeling their way. As each suc-
ceeding segment appeared, I found the attached pair of legs moving forward in the
direction of the caudal segment, till at last the head itself made its appearaiice,
carrying in its mandibles a struggling and vigorous Podura, which, from its liveli-
ness, I judged to have been seized the moment before.

Desirous of witnessing whether this reversed movement of the Myriapod was
momentary, and caused solely by the feeling of insecurity to which the shaking of

H73.] 219

the flower-pot must have given rise, or whetlier it was an action to which the
creature resorted in order to overcome the resistance offered by its living burden,
and as affording the easiest mode of conveyance, I kept a close watch over the
creature while it continued its reverse march over the rim of the saucer, down on
: the opposite side, across a broad path, and up the rough wall of a cottage. For
all this distance, the caudal segment was leading and kept slightly raised, the pair
of elongated feet attached to it acting as antennae, while all tlie other pairs performed
their reversed motion in rythmical succession.

Except in so far as the holding tight of the load was concerned, the head had,
so to speak, abdicated its functions for the time, and was simply carried along like
any ordinary segment, no external guiding movement of any kind being perceptible
to me. When the convoy had gone as far up as I could conveniently reach, I was
obliged to secure the Myriapod, but even while I held it between my fingers, it
would not part with its prey. On being transferred to a box with a glass cover, it
speedily coiled itself up round the Podwa, and remained in this position, giving
me time to ascertain its name.

No interference of mine could afterwards induce the creature to resume its
peculiar march : the more I tried to make it shift its position, the closer it drew its
coUs around its victim.

The preceding observation clearly shows that this Myriapod has the option of
reversing the normally progressive action of its limbs into an equally effective, and
just as regular, prolonged, retrograde movement, accompanied by the temporary
transfer of some of the guiding functions of the anterior parts of the head to the
caudal segment.

The bearing of these facts on Mr. Herbert Spencer's theory of compound indi-
viduals is self-evident. Mr. Alfred E. Wallace, in his last Presidential Address to
the Entomological Society of London, has given a plain summary of this theory, and
I cannot do better than repeat this gentleman's remarks that " if the facts and argu-
" ments adduced by its learned and philosophical author do make out even a prima
"facie case in its favour, it must deserve the careful and unbiassed consideration of
" all who endeavour to solve the problem of the origin of insects." — Albert Mulleb,
South Norwood, S.E. : November llth, 1872.

Note on the " carding" and pinning of insects. — As an old collector, I may bo
allowed to say a few words on this subject. When I first took up my net — now
fully thirty years ago, a friend and I sought advice of the late Mr. J. F. Stephens,
and we were by him recommended to ^nn everything. This advice we literally fol-
lowed, spoiling hundreds of rare things, and entailing upon ourselves the enormous
labour of replacing thousands of commoners. Fidly thinking that "carding " is by
far the best process for our Coleoptera, in which nearlyall the species maybe determined
by the upper surface alone, I also think it perfectly indispensable for Semiptera and
Eomoptera, and that it might even be extended to other orders with advantage.
Nor do I see that size need be any drawback, in so far as native insects are concerned :
even a Carabus, vjhen properly mounted on card, is, in my opinion, quite as neat as,
and certainly much safer than, when pinned. I find also a gi'eat advantage in the
" carding " system, in the greater ease with which moiddy or greasy specimens may
be cleaned, and, if necessary, remounted ; operations nearly impossible to perform
on pinned examples without serious damage.

220 [February,

Latterly, I have even tried " carding " Saw-flies, Iclineumons, Aculeate Kymen-
optera, and Diptera, with results which I think are encouraging, as it leaves free for
examination the sculptm-e of the thorax, which is often of the greatest importance in
determining the species. It is by no means absolutely necessary that all the speci-
mens shoizld have their wings fully expanded ; they answer every scientific purpose,
and look very neat, if mounted on narrow slips of card with the feet and antennoB
placed in their natural position. Such species as have important characters on the
under-side, can be mounted sideways ; that is, the insect laid on its side on the card,
the lower antennae, legs and wings brought out and gummed down : so treated, all
parts can be examined, and with greater safety to the specimen than when it is on a
pin. Great care, however, must be taken not to use too much gum, or the specimens
will be utterly ruined. My way of mounting (say a saw-fly) is as follows : — taking a
slip of card, somewhat larger than necessary, I lay a thin line of gum down its centre,
on which I lay the fly, having first brushed out the antennae, palpi, and legs ; then,
bringing out the tarsi, I secure such with a small pellet of gum, doing the same with
the auteimse and palpi, and taking care to bring the mouth well forward : should I wish
to expand the wings, I now leave the insect until the guni has set, which will be in
about twenty minutes, when I bring them forward, securing each by a small drop of
gum. With large species, however, it is better not to gum down the wings, but to keep
them in place with braces until dry, as they can then be more easily cleaned and
re-momated. — Thos. Jno. Bold, Long Benton, Newcastle-on-Tyne : Nov. 5th, 1872.

The " neio " sugaring lamp. — Any tin-smith can make this lamp out of a com-
mon " sponge-lamp," as I mentioned when recommending it for the first time, in
AprU, 1871 (" Sc. Nat." i. 33), so that any one wishing to try it, need not send to
Birmingham for it. I have been using one for two seasons, and find that it works
weU. — F. Buchanan White, Eastferry, by Dunkeld : January, 1873.

South London Entomological Society. — The members of this Society gave
their first Exhibition on Thursday, December 12th, 1872, and the result was highly
creditable to their energy and perseverance. Above thirty members contributed
cases of insects.

The chief features of the Exhibition were : 1 — the cases of Lepidoptera, which
contained many rarities (far too numerous to specify), a large number of remarkable
varieties, and long series of bred specimens, amongst which, Mr. Wellman's collection
of Acidalice was especially remarkable ; 2 — some very interesting cases of Coleoptera,
Diptera, Symenoptera, and Hemiptera, and we hope, on a future occasion, to see
these orders even more largely illustrated ; and 3 — a collection of PhryganidcB,
Hemerohiidce, &c., kindly lent by E. McLachlan, Esq.

The half-yearly meeting of the Society took place on December 18th, when it was
announced that for the future the meetings would be held on each Thursday, from
8 to 10 p.m., at the Assembly Eooms, 104, Westminster Bridge Eoad, S.W. During
the past half-year, the number of members has increased from 35 to 70 ; and valuable
donations have been received from Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., and W. A. Lewis,
Esq. Mr. Wellman was re-elected President of the Society, and Mr. Earn was
elected Vice-President.

1873.] 221

Entomological Society of London, Gth January, 1873. — Prof. Westwood,
M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Gr. C. Champion (formerly a subscriber) was elected a member, and Mr. Cole
a subscriber.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited (on behalf of Mr. George Lewis) a magnificent
collection of coloured drawings of the transformations of twenty-four species of
Japanese Sphiiigidce, executed by a native artist employed by Mr. Lewis.

Prof. Westwood exhibited the beautiful net-work cocoon of a species of small
moth from New Granada ; it was suspended from a leaf, to which was also attached
one of the Sesperiidce, strongly attacked by fungoid growth.

Mr. E. Saunders exhibited two species of BuprestidcB, from the Pelew and
Caroline Islands respectively, apparently pertaining to a new genus, but having all the
external characters of species of Chrysodema from the East Indian Islands.

Mr. Champion exhibited two rare British species of Coleoptera, viz., Nanophyes
gracilis and Apion sanguineum, the former recently noticed as new to Britain in this
Magazine.

Mr. Miiller called attention to a recently issued government report respecting
the ravages of the vine-scourge {Phylloxera vastatrix) on the continent of Europe.
Professor "Westwood remarked that this insect was noticed by himself in a paper
read before the Ashmolean Society, at Oxford, in 1862, concerning its occurrence
in England.

Dr. Sharp communicated a paper on the Water-Beetles of Japan, chiefly drawn
up frona materials collected by Mr. George Lewis.

Mr. Wollaston commmiicated a description of a new genus (PseudotarpJiiusJ
of ColydiidcB from Japan ; and also a paper on the Cossonidca of the same islands,
in which he described eighteen species (all new) contained in fifteen genera.
Mr. Wollaston stated that, so far as regards the group under consideration, he felt
convinced that the ordinary Europcaii types do not prevail in that part of Japan
investigated by Mr. Lewis, but are replaced by kindred or representative forms. A
discussion took place, in which Messrs. Bates, Pascoe, Westwood, &c., took part.
Mr. Pascoe thought the Japanese fauna might be regarded as " satellite," like that of
Madagascar. Mr. Bates asked that judgment be suspended until further evidence be
afforded, and said that, although many European species are also found in Japan, the
collective faunas of the two regions are totally different.

A Catalogue of British Hymenopteea ; Part 2, compUed by the Rev. T. A.
Marshall. Published by the Entomological Society of London (1872. Pp. viii.
and 136. Price 2/-).

The readers of this Magazine are aware that a General Catalogue of the Insects
of the British Isles is in course of publication by the Entomological Society. The
Neuroptera, by Mr. McLachlan, appeared in 1870 ; the Aculeate Hymenoptera, by
Mr. P. Smith, in 1871 ; and these have been followed, in 1872, by a second instalment
of the Hymenoptera, includmg the Chrysididce, IchneumonidcB, BracoiiidcB and
Evaniidce. Of Chrysididce we have 22 species, arranged in six genera, and of EvaniidcB
only 7 species, distributed among four genera ; but these families form a very small por-
tion of the Catalogue now under consideration, for the Uraconidce number 125 genera

222 [February,

and 439 species, whilst the Ichneumonidce are 136 genera and 1186 species. Thus the
List specifies and gives the synonymy of no less than 1654. species, a considerable
proportion of which are now for the first time indicated as British. Such works as
those of Dahlbom, Grayenhorst, Nees von Escnbeck, and Wesmael, of Forster,
Holmgren and Thomson, shew that tliis group of insects has been far more extensively
and thoroughly studied on the Continent than in this country ; but the names of
Ilaliday and Desvignes deserve to be remembered, and their mantle appears to have
fallen on the Eev. T. A. Marshall.

In the 4th part of Trans. Ent. Soc. 1872, pp. 259—264, published in December,
will be found some notes on this Catalogue by Mr. Marshall himself ; and the limited
space at the disposal of the present writer suggests to him the propriety of confining
his remarks to a running commentary on the compiler's notes.

Mr. Marshall is able to make the satisfactory statement that, with the single
exception of a misprint, centaura for centatirecB on p. 112, " it is believed that no
erratum exists of a kind likely to mislead the reader." When the nature of the
work is considered, this is marvellous, but to a great ex .ent it is attributable to the
author's caligraphy. Having seen the MS., I can only regi'et that it could not be
published in fac simile.

With regard to the names adopted and their orthography, the general correctness
of the received names has been found to compare favourably with other Orders.
Few changes of nomenclature have been introduced ; the law of priority has been
observed, but the observance has been tempered with discretion ; " priority has been
a hobby with the compiler, but the hobby has not been ridden to death ; " cases of
mis-spelling have been corrected, but the identity of the name has been preserved ;
where the faulty construction of compound names was found to admit of no simple
remedy, the incorrectly-formed compounds hfive been retained, without attempting
to improve what is radically wrong, or what, if touched at all, must be improved away ;
adjectival specific names have been made to agree in gender with the generic name.
In short, the principles upon which the Catalogue has been prepared appear to the
present writer to be sound principles, though naturally there may be room for doubt
as to their correct application in particular cases.

On glancing over the pages, the following queries have occurred to mc. On
p. 2, Panzer's Oinalus is properly changed to Homalits ; why, then, on p. 50, is
Stephen's Enicospilus not changed to Seiiicospiius, hut left without the initial M?
On p. 8, Ichneumon periscelis is retained ; why, then, on p. 11, is /. caloscelis changed
to caloscelus 1 On p. 50, Ophion is made of neuter gender, and, to agree therewith,
Mr. Marshall has altered obscurus, luteus, &c., into obscnnim, luteum, &c. ; but why
this change ? Surely Ophion is masculine, as much as Tri/phon (p. 73) or Bracon
(p. 96) ; the fabulous Ophion of Sardinia was made masculine both by Greeks and
Latins, and, as the proper name of one of the giants, or of the father of the centaur
Amycus, Ophion is a masculine name: moreover, if the word were Ophion (neut.),
not Ophion (masc), the genitive case would be Ophii,not Ophionis, and there would
be didlculty in arriving at the name Ophionides, which Mr. Marshall adopts for this
sub-family of Ichneumonidm. On p. 132, are the specific names leptogaster and
appendigaster substantives or adjectives ? If the latter, should we not read Bacnusa
U'pto<iasira and Evania appendigastra ! Or should the mongrel hybrid appe:idi_>,<i>.ter
be kicked out with his tail drooping F Again, on p. 51, is xaidhopun a substantive,

I 1873.]

223

or an adjective agi-eeiug in geiider -with the neuter AnomaJon ? If an adjective, and
Anomalon xanthopus be right, ought we not, on p. 65, to find the group Homalopodes
instead of Homalopi ; or, if Homalopi be right, ought we not to have Anomalon
xanthopiim ? Generic names like Desmiostoma (p. 123) or Schizoloma (p. 51) we
know from a former vohune of the Magazine to be regarded by Mr. Marshall as
adjectives and to be properly made feminine ; accordingly, the S. amictum of Wesmael
becomes S. amicta. On p. 119, the name Zele is made masculine ; but Z.
chlorophthalma seems preferable to Z. chlorophthalmus. On p. 121, was the change
of Haliday's Biosteres Jiceniorrhwus into hcBmorrhous necessary ? And the introduc-
tion of Haliday's name leads to the enquiry whether Salidayus or Salidaius is the
proper latinized form ? To the present writer, " Halidayus " seems impossible, and he
woidd therefore write Apanteles Halidail in place of Mr. Marshall's A. Ualidayi
(p. 105). In many other cases of these possessive personal names, do not nomen-
clators frequently introduce an i too many? thus, in Chrysis Etiddii (p. 3), Cteniscus
Curtisii (p. 77), Biosteres Wesmaelii* (p. 121), why the second i ? If required in
these cases, why not in EUampus Panzeri (p. 1), Ichneumon Coqueberti and Bohe-
mani (p. 6), and Euryproctus Waltoni (p. 68) ? Upon wliat principle have we
Pezomachus Matzehurgi and Kiesenwetteri (p. 47) coupled with F. Neesii and
Hojfmanseggii ? It is submitted that " Marshall's Ichneumon " will be rightly
dubbed Ichneumon Marshalli, the genitive case of " Marshallus," not " Marshallius ; "
and that the termination -ius sliould be reserved for names ending in e, i, or y. Thus
Stlbeutes BonelUi (p. 45) is right ; but 8. Gravenhorstii is one jot too long ; whilst
Phygadeuoti Sopei (p. 34), Agrothereutes Sopei (p. 45), and Adelognathus Ruthei
(p. 76) might advantageoixsly be spelt Sopii and Ruthii. Lastly, it is presumed that
the specific name of Aphidius pseudoplatamis (p. 110) is to be regarded as the
genitive case ; the genitive platanus in lieu of the familiar platani, does once occur
in a poem entitled " Culex," which is sufiicient authority for any Entomologist.

But let us pass beyond the husk of nomenclature to the Entomological kernel.
The compiler " would gladly have placed the typical species of each genus first, and
the rest in the order of their affinity to that type." But would this have been
right ? What is wanted is a linear sequence of species, the species at the tail of one
genus leading gradually up to those at the head of the next genus, the species at the
head of the latter being those which have most affinity with those at the tail of the
former, so that the typical species of each genus (or of each genus except the first
one of all) would not be the first in the list, but would gravitate towards the centre ;
the natural order is a gradual progression, a continuous sequence throughout, an
unbroken series of steps, not an irregular succession of steps and jumps ; by placing
the typical species of each genus at its head, a chasm of greater or less width and
depth would be placed between every two consecutive genera, which by a different
arrangement of the species of both may be entirely or almost bridged over. The
species of any genus should be arranged inter se on the same principle as the genera
of the same family are arranged inter se : if the typical species of Chrysis is to bo
placed first in the genus, Chrysis as the typical genus of the ChrysididcB ought to be
placed first in the family. The cataloguer however confesses that, owing to the
imperfect condition of the literature relating to this group, and the absence of
definite ty^^es, he has been unable to follow any uniform principle throughout, but

* By the way, in Wesmaelii, and the genus Wesniaelia (p. 113), why the diuresis ? Why not
Wetm<elia, or Vesmcelia ? — J, W. D.

224 [February,

hns been guided by what he conceived to be the highest principle applicable to each
particular ca'?e. This is good practical common sense, and we agree that, in the
present state of the science, this is all that could be done. Such is the deficiency of
our knowledge tliat in some of the larger genera Mr. Marshall has been driven as a
last resource to an alphabetical arrangement of many of the species ; for instance, out
of twelve dozen species of Ichneumon, the last three dozen are given alphabetically,
and out of 61 species of Tryplion only 13 are classified, which it is presumed must
be taken as an indication that little or nothing is known of the residuum than that
somebody has published certain names with descriptions, or has announced in some
periodical or other the capture in Britain of certain continental species ; they remain
to be re-discovered by the Hymenopterist of the future, or perhaps to be shewai up
as only old friends under different names.

In the selection of citations and references to authors, Mr. Marshall had a
difficult task to know where to draw the line, in order to keep the Catalogue within
reasonable bounds. In this portion of his work, Gravenhorst would probably be at
once his greatest aid and his greatest difficulty. So far as the reviewer can judge, he
has acquitted himself of this task with admirable discrimination, his aim havhig
been to " exclude all matter so doubtful as to be useless, and to render the references
complete in all cases of certainty." In some cases, perhaps, exclusion might
advantageously have been carried further; but, on the whole, inclusiveness, if a
failing, is a failing on virtue's side.

The disproportion between the number of genera, as compared with the number
of species, in the Braconidce and Ichneumonidce, can scarcely have failed to be obseiwed
on reading the first paragraph of these remarks. The 439 species of Braconidce have
been divided into 125 genera, only 11 fewer than the number which suffice for the
1186 species of Ichneumonidce. As Mr. Marshall points out, this disproportion is the
result of a totally different idea of Genus in different minds, and is mainly due to
the labours of Forster. If the Ichneunionidcs were handled by a Forster as the
Braconidce have been, the 136 genera of our List would become 336 at least. To
the specialist or student who limits his range of observation to a single group of
comparatively small extent, this multiplication of so-called genera is attractive and
convenient ; but it may well be doubted whether it is an advantage to the general
student, whilst many will think that it is a degradation of the genus, and that the
characters upon which the minute sub -division is based are not generic characters at
all. But this is too wide a subject to pursue on the present occasion.

In conclusion, I have to congratulate Mr. Marshall on the completion of his
tedious task, tlie Society on having found so able and willing a workman, and British
Entomologists generally on the f^ict that the Society by Mr. Marshall's aid has been
enabled to place within their reach a Catalogue of this extremely interesting group
of insects. This List ought to be a starting-point for many discoveries, for new
species may be found everywhere, if collectors will only take the trouble to capture
them. Entomologists who care not for Hymenoptera may do good service ; too
freqiiently for the realization of their hopes, our Lepidopterists make the acquaintance
of parasitic Hymenoptera ; and, if it be too much to expect that they should them-
selves devote a little attention to their persecutors, they might at least transfer them
to Mr. Marshall, who would not consider them beneath his notice.

One word as to the futm-e. It was understood some time ago that the Ten-
ihredinidcB stood in the way of an early completion of this Order ; but after the splen-
did instalment that last year has produced, may it not be hoped that arrangements
have been made to finish the Catalogue of Hymenoptera in 1873 ? — J. W. Dunning,
Lincoln's Inn : January, 1873.

I, 1873.] 225

lie

INSTEUCTIONS FOE THE COLLECTION AND PEESEEVATION OF
NEUEOPTEEOUS INSECTS.

BY ROBERT M LACHLAN, F. L. S.
{continued from p. 176).

Planipennia.
In this division are groiiped all the species witli complete meta-
morphoses, excepting the Triclioptera, and as the groups are not so
sharply differentiated as those previously treated upon, they will be
severally considered in separate paragraphs. Several of the families
are not represented in Britain. All insects of this division should be
pinned and set in the ordinary way. The larger species may be pinned
jinto the collecting box when caught ; the smaller can be placed in
pill-boxes or glass tubes, and many may be confined in one receptacle,
for they seldom damage each other, and have no scales to I'ub off.

SlalidcB. — The most familiar representative of this family is the
abundant Sialis lutaria (well known to the angler), which swarms
on palings, walls, trees, &c., near water in early summer, and may be
picked up with the fingers ; its flight is slow and steady, but sufficient
examples can always be obtained without the use of a net. It is fre-
quently mistaken for a caddis-fly. Only this genus exists in Europe ;
but there are other exotic genera, and some of the species of CorydaUs
(a genus peculiar to America) are among the largest insects known,
some being nearly six inches in expanse of wings, and the males
usually provided with enormously elongated mandibles, the use of
which is not clearly evident,* as they are harmless insects of nocturnal
habits. Another genus, Clmuliodes, is found both in the old and new
worlds ; some of the species are very pretty, and many remarkable for
the diversified structure of the antennae of the males. All the genera
are aquatic in their early stages.

Baphidiidce {SnaJce-Jlies) .—A. small group, peculiar to temperate
climates, remarkable for the greatly elongated prothorax. The larvfe
live under the bark of trees, feeding upon other larvae, &c. The per-
fect insects may be taken by beating the boughs over the net, and
fir trees are the most favourable for this operation ; they may also be
occasionally found on the ti-unks. Their flight is probably nocturnal,
for they seldom show any inclination to use their wings when captured
in the day-time. Up to the present time they have only been found
in Europe, Northern Asia, and Western North America.

* A very interesting account of the metamorphoses and habits of Corydaiis is to be found in
the ' American Entomologist,' vol. i, pp. Gl — fi'2. It is there stated that one use of these enor-
mous mandibles is to seize the female. — R. McL.

226 [February,

We now come to a series of families or groups remarkable for
the beautifully close network of tlieir wings, wbicli, however, gives
them no jDowers of flight equal to that of the dragon-fly, and they are,
for the most part, feeble insects easily captured.

MynneleonidcB {Ant-lions). — A very extensive family, tolerably
well represented in Europe, but absent from Britain ; furnished with
sliort clubbed antennsB. The peculiar habit of the larvae of many species,
viz., that of making pit-falls in sand, wherein to entrap ants and other
insects upon which they feed, is familiar to all entomologists. All
appear to frequent sandy districts, and some are of very large size and
great beauty. Most of them are nocturnal in their habits in the perfect
state, and are seldom seen even in localities in which the myriads of
pits in the sand formed by their larvae prove them to be abundant.
Their flight is slow and feeble, and they are frequently attracted by
light. In preserving them, it is often advisable to run something into
the body, as recommended for Dragon-flies, for, although they are not
so liable to breakage as are those insects, yet their durability is ren-
dered much more certain if the body be strengthened by artificial
means : the point of dislocation most to be feared is between the
abdomen and the meta-thorax. Some 300 species are already known,
but many of them are diflUcult to determine, or even to describe, with
any degree of satisfaction, and the generic differentiation of the
various groups has yet to be undertaken, all done hitherto being only
preliminary.

AscalapJiidce. — Closely allied to the Ant-lions, but distinguished
by their lonff clubbed antennae, which are like those of butterflies ;
and, in fact, this peculiarity, combined with the gay colours of the
restricted genus Ascalaphus (which is peculiar to the European fauna),
so far deceived some of the earlier entomologists, that — overlooking
all other characters — they described them as Papilios. They frequent
dry and sandy districts, but the larvae never make pit-falls. The spe-
cies of Ascalaphus have a habit of ' dancing ' in the air in the bright
sunshine, and their powers of flight are greater than are those of any
other Planipennia. Most of the less gaily coloured exotic genera are
nocturnal or crepuscular, and one species has been noticed as having
the habit of hawking after insects round the branches of trees in the
evening, much after the manner of Dragon-flies, retiring into the
crevices of the bark during the day. All of them rest with the wings
closed longitudinally and roof-shaped in repose, with the exception of
one American genus, in which they are extended horizontally. With

1873.1 227

the long slender-bodied species it is best to insert something in the
body. Both these and Mi/rmeleonidos may be sent home in paper en-
velopes, as noticed for Dragon-flies, though it is not here so advisable ;
but if this be done, it is especially desirable not to place them in the
envelojies until fully dry.

Nemopteridoe. — One of the most extraordinary groups, the under-
mngs being extremely long and narrow, whereas the fore-wings are
short and broad. The species are not numerous, and next to nothing
has yet been recorded concerning their habits : they are peculiar to
the old world, and frequent hot and arid situations. The most hand-
some species are found in the South of Europe. Care must be taken
not to injure the long tail-like hind-wings, which are sometimes so
slender as to be reduced to mere long threads ; but several of them
have these wings oddly dilated immediately before the tips.

Mantisjyidce. — Yet another group not found in Britain, and even
feebly represented in Europe. Noticeable for the elongated prothorax
(as in Bapliidia, only that the legs are attached to the anterior in-
stead of the posterior end), and for the remarkably constructed
anterior legs, which have very long coxae, and strongly dilated rap-
torial femora, the tibise and tarsi being much aborted. The exotic
species are very numerous. The larva of the European Mantispa
styriaca has the peculiar habit of living in the nests of spiders, feeding
upon their eggs and young ; and an allied genus, TricTioscelia, found
in South America, infests the large papyratious arboreal nests of
Hymenopterous insects. This clue may be of service to collectors,
especially as most species seem to be rather abundant where they
occur, frequenting herbage and undergrowth. Their preservation
calls for no particular remark, unless it be to exercise care in dealing
with the legs.

NympliidaB. — A small (chiefly Australian) family, concerning the
habits of which we have no information. The typical Kymphes myr-
meleonides is a large handsome insect, much resembling an Ant-lion.

OsmylidcB. — Represented in Bi-itain (and Europe) by two genera,
Os7nylus and Sisyra, both aquatic in their larva-states, and frequenting
rather swiftly-flowing streams. The handsome Osmylus is seldom seen
on the wing, but may be easily brushed or beaten out of trees over-
hanging streams. The small Sisyrce are often abundant among the
herbage bordering streams, and the larva of the common species has

228 [February, 1873.

been found in the intei'ior of tlie fresh-water sponge, but no doubt is
not confined to this situation, as the insect is often abundant where
there is no sjDonge. The discovery of the habits of some of the
exotic genera must decide the question as to whether they really
belong to this family : among these may be noticed the curious
Australian genus Psycliopsis.

Semerohiidce and Ohrysopides. (Known as ^Aphis-lions' ' Golden-
eyes,'' '' Lace-ioimjs^ and ' Stinh-Jlies'). — Two families, which, in their
larva-states, feed upon Aphides, often covering themselves with the
empty skins of their prey. They may all be beaten out of trees, and
are easily captured. Certain species affect particular kinds of trees.
Fir-trees are always productive, both because they have species pecu-
liar to them, and afford convenient shelter for others. The species of
Hemerohius mostly sham death when in the net. The Ghrysopidce
frequently come to gas-lamps : they are very numerous in species,
and mostly of a delicate green colour, the eyes brilliantly golden or
coppery when alive. Though amongst the most beautifully delicate
of all insects, they are notorious for the power which some species
possess of emitting an intolei'ably disgusting smell of ordure when
handled, almost sufficient to cause the most enthusiastic entomologist
to fling them away at once, and seek for means whereby to free him-
self from what may be likened to a concentrated essence of cesspools.
Many of them, however, are perfectly inodorous. Some few (e. g.,
Chrysopa vulgaris) corrode the pins very rapidly, and become almost
destroyed in the coui'se of a few years. C. vulgaris hibernates, and,
in winter, assumes a reddish colour. Their cocoons, like small white
peas, may be found on the plants where the larvae have been assisting
the horticulturist, and it is a matter of no little astonishment to the
uninitiated to observe so large an insect emerge from so tiny a
cocoon. Ee-set specimens should remain upon the setting boards for
a considerable time, much longer than is requisite for the powerful
dragon-flies ; and care should be taken in relaxing not to allow the
water to actually reach the wings, or these members become matted
together, and are sure to get torn in endeavours to spread them out.

ConiopterygidcB. — Minute insects, wholly covered vdth a white,
waxy, pulverulent secretion, and which may be beaten from trees,
especially firs. Their treatment sliould be precisely similar to that
adopted for winged Psocidce. Some are so small that it is almost
impossible to spread the wings, unless the manipulator has already
had experience as a Micro-Lepidopteri^t.

March, 1873.] 229

Panorpidce {Scorpion-flies, &c.). — Common amongst terbage, and
easily captured on tlie wing, or swept up witli the net. The males of
Panorpa have the peculiar forcipate dilated terminal segment from
which their vulgar name is derived. In setting, some of these males
should have the three terminal segments forcibly extended until dry,
as otherwise they are curved over the back, and not so easy to
examine, — an important point, taken into consideration with the fact
that the specific characters mostly lie in these segments. They are
highly predacious, feeding upon other insects, and can inflict a
momentarily painful wound in the fingers by means of their mandi-
bulate rostrum. Bittacus (not represented in Britain) is extremely
like a TipuJa, only with four wings instead of two, and this disguise
probably has a purpose, for, in the case of a recently discovered
apterous sjjecies, it was found that semi-apterous TipiiUdce existed in
the same locality ; they may thus be likened to wolves in sheeps'
clothing. The legs are of extraordinary length, and, in setting,
must be arranged one by one with pins, otherwise they become en-
tangled and easily break. Boreus is a genus of small and virtually
apterous insects, found only in winter amongst moss, &c., and even
sometimes on the surface of the snow. They mostly fall in the way
of the Coleopterist when hunting for moss-frequenting beetles, and
are no doubt often cast aside as Acari, or similar 'rubbish.' Though I
cannot explain by what means they jump, it is nevertheless certain that
they possess some amount of saltatory powers. The specific characters
exist chiefly in the ventral segments of the males, a sufiicient reason
why they should not be ' carded ; ' simple pinning is sufiicient, or, if
time is no object, the legs may be neatly spread out vdth small pins.

The PctnorpiclcB are aberrant PJanipennia, and by some are thought
to form a passage to the next division.

Trichoptera (" Caddis-flies'").
In no group of insects have I acquired so much practical know-
ledge of the habits and private lives, as in the Trichoptera. Although
my attention has been gradually directed to the order Neuroptera as
a whole, yet the Caddis-flies were my earliest favourites, and still
constitute my pet division of the order. The days and hours spent
in the pursuit of our native species have been — I can safely say — the
happiest moments of my life, and I still look back with unalloyed
gratification to the year 1859, when, as an enthusiastic pupil of Dr.
Hagen, I commenced to collect and study them. Would that I had
more companions in the field !

230 [March,

"Wherever there is fresh water, either Btanding or running (so
long as it be not habitually dried up by the heat of summer, or
poisoned by the refuse of mines and factories, or the sewage of large
cities), there caddis-flies will be found. But the immediate vicinity
of water is not absolutely necessary, for many of the more powerfully
organised species evidently take long nocturnal flights, and are often
dislodged during the day in localities very far from water. I remember
once finding numbers of a species of Limnopliilus in a sheltered hollow
on the summit of a bare chalk-cliff, where there was no fresh-water
for two or three miles. I have several times before had occasion to
refer to fir-trees as particularly productive to the Neuropterist ; to
the collector of Triclioptera they are pre-eminently favourable. The
best way is to beat the branches over the net, and the caddis-flies
that tumble into it must be boxed or bottled speedily, for they are
wonderfully nimble, and by their peculiar zig-zag motions, often
escape ; and this habit renders their pursuit when on the wing some-
what perplexing, for although they do not fly far when disturbed,
they often bafile the collector, and are even difHcult to detect when
settled, though probably under one's very nose. Some species (e. g.,
Colpotaulius) may be " trodden out " from the herbage on the margins
of ponds, and the longer the same spot is disturbed, the more abundant
the insects become. Another good plan is to separate the reeds or flags
with the hand, and examine closely near the roots or at the surface of
the water, for this is the favourite diurnal hiding-place of many. The
copings of bridges and walls should not be neglected. I have, on
more than one occasion, found good species under the coping of the
bridge over the Serpentine in Hyde Park. Some species of the
beautiful long-horned IjeptocerxdcB fly briskly in the hot sunshine close
to the water in calm weather ; but, if an air of wind disturb the sur-
face, or the sun become obscured for a moment by a passing cloud,
they mount rapidly into the air and disappear. Some again (species
of Hydrops]] die for instance) dance in swarms over streams, esj^ecially
towards dusk. Although (with only one or two exceptions) they are
all aquatic in their earlier stages, yet their habits are as varied as are
those of the terrestrial Lepidoptera. Many genera can only exist as
larvfe in water that is always in a placid condition (such as that of
ponds), whereas others require the element to be highly aerated (e. g.,
Wiyacopliila) and constantly cold, and there are lovers of every inter-
mediate state, so that a few miles walk along the banks of a small
stream sufiiciently varied in its character, will furnish a large number
of species. Even the mechanical contrivances by which man alters

1873.] 231

the natural state of a stream for liis own benefit are of use to the col-
lector, for if the placid course of a slowly flowing stream be changed
to a foaming waterfall by a weir or water-wheel, the congenial condi-
tions are at once seized upon by species which othermse might be
sought in vain. In fact, it is probable that more species frequent
running than standing water, and it is this that makes the torrents of
alpine regions so particulai'ly productive ; the cold is no hindrance,
they may be found up to the snow-limit, and delighting in the vicinity
of a glacier. So marked is the necessity of certain aquatic conditions
for the well-being of particular genera or species, that the water-
system of a particular district or countiy can often be understood by
an inspection of a collection of caddis-flies from it. Thus, I once
examined a large collection of species from Holland, which told as
plainly of a low-lying flat country "without mountains or torrents aa
could the most elaborate map. A certain amount of shelter in the
perfect state is absolutely necessary to TricJwptera, and for this
reason streams flowing over barren rocks are not productive. The
acme of success may be obtained when the stream is fringed with low
overhanging bushes ; the net should be placed as far under the bush
as possible, and the latter beaten vigourously over it, taking care that
the net itself do not come off its handle, or it may go sailing away
down the stream at a rate anything but agreable to the astonished
collector : such a contretemps has more than once happened to the
writer. In moorland districts there are often streams which have cut
their way through the peat, fringed with heather and other herbage ;
these are localities that should never be neglected. Light powerfully
attracts some species, and unique or rare forms have more than once
been found on gas lamps in the suburbs of London. It has also been
recommended to hang a white sheet near water, the insects being
attracted by it after dark, and settling on it. Tree trunks and walls
near water should always be examined ; on such positions the minute
and excessively rapid species of HydroptilidcB often absolutely swarm.
But, after all, experience — that " hardest of all schools," as I have seen
it termed — is the one thing to be gained and acted upon.

Triclioptera should be set exactly as are Lepkloptera (premising
that the excessively low setting mentioned at the beginning of this
paper be eschewed), but must remain upon the setting boards longer
than is necessary for insects of the latter order. Relaxed and re-set
specimens take an especially long time before it is certain that the
wings will not ultimately fall back. Much care should be exercised
in re-setting with regard to the management of the hind-wings, which

232 [March, \

are very troublesome and liable to get torn ; occasionally a specimen
will remain so long in tlie damping box tbat it falls to pieces, and yet
tbese wings will not sufficiently relax tbe muscles at tlie point of
attachment to tbe metathorax. If a specimen be quite intractable,
then all one can do is to so far expand the wings by means of pins
that an examination of the apex of the abdomen is possible.

No collection of TricJi02)fe7'a can be considered complete without
the cases manufactured by the larvae of the various species. These
are marvellous, alike from the beauty and variety of foi^m exhibited
in them, as from the great ingenuity disjjlayed in their fabrication.
The larva) or pupsB should be extracted, and the cases may then be
pinned, or gummed neatly on card. Cases made out of all sorts of
fanciful materials may be obtained by forcing larvfe confined in
aquaria to use such materials in default of being able to find anything
else ; but such cases should be looked upon in the light of curiosities
only ; there is always sufficient variety in natural conditions to satisfy
the most fastidious collector.

CONCLUSION. f

My purpose will be served, if the foregoing sketch of the ways j
and means best adapted to the acquirement of a collection of Neiirop-
tera induces some of our young entomologists, who are tired of j
forming part of the crowd that can see no beauty in any insects other '
than Lepidoptera, to strike out a path for themselves, by bestowing :i
favourable glance upon my favourite order. It will be doubly served
if they become not only collectors but students of that order. The
field is enormous, and the land almost untilled : the settler in it may
have (speaking metaphorically) to hew his own timber and build hia
own hut, but the result will be an abundant harvest.

Xotes concerning the breeding of the various families from the
egg, or larva, must be deferred to another oj)portunity.

39, Limes Grove, Lewisham, Loudou, S.E. :
January, 1873.

DESCEIPTIONS OF TWO NEW BUTTERFLIES FROM THE WEST
COAST OF AFRICA.

BY W. C. HEWITSOIS', F.L.S.

Papilio illyeis, sp. n.
Upper-side : male, dark brown ; both wings crossed from the
costal margin of the anterior wing beyond the cell to near' the inner
margin of the posterior wing before its middle by an equal, continuous,

1873 ] 233

pale yellow band, divided by the nervures, which are scarcely seen ;
posterior wiug with a loug tail, deutated and traversed by a sub-
marginal series of five green-yellow spots, the two spots nearest the
base of the tails large.

Under-side : as above, except that it is paler, with the base of the
anterior wing and the inner margin of the posterior wing ochreous-
yellow ; that the posterior wing has a black spot, bordered above with
carmine, near the costal margin above the central band ; that there is
a carmine spot, marked with black, at the end of the cell, and two
linear carmine spots between it and the inner margin ; and that it is
crossed by a series of large black spots beyond the midde, and by a
sub-marginal series of linear black spots irrorated with lilac-white.

Expan. 3i inches. Hab : Gold Coast.

Nearly allied to P. Kirlyi, and, like it, remarkably different from
any other African butterfly which we have seen before. It was taken
by Mr. Henry Rogers, on his way to St. Paulo de Loanda, where he
has gone on a collecting expedition. Mr. Sogers, making a long and
tedious voyage profitable, contrived to collect and send home nearly
700 insects taken during his passage.

DiADEMA Chapmajs'i, sp. n.

Upper-side : rufous-brown, with the margins broadly dark brown ;
the nervures black, the fringe marked by small white spots between
the nervures.

Under-side : as above, except that the base of the anterior wiug
and the costal margin of the posterior wing are brightly ferruginous ;
that both wings have a sub-marginal series of very minute spots, in
pairs ; and that the anterior wing has a large bifid white spot between
the median nervures.

Expan. 3to inch. Hab : Calabar.

I have given myself the pleasure of naming this species after Mr.
Chapman, of Glasgow, an ardent admirer of the Lepidoptera, who has
kindly added it to my collection. It is quite unlike any other species.
Oatlauds, Weybridge : February, 1873.

NOTES ON SETEROMERA, AND DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW GENERA
AND SPECIES (No. 6).

BY F. BATES.

Etoplus Lecontit, sp. n.

(J . Elongate-oval, pitcliy-brown, glossy ; legs, mouth, and base of antennae clear
ferruginous ; head finely and sparingly punctured, anterior border reflexed, front

234 [March,

concave, epistoma -with two rather large triangular teeth in front, the sutural line
arched ; antennary orbits prominent and somewhat angularly roimded ; the two
horns, placed as in E. ferrugineus, are elongate, tapering and somewhat dirergeiil
from the base, curred backwardly, and slightly inwardly at their summits, rather
broadly connected at the base by a transverse elevated ridge ; behind the horns, the
head is somewhat prolonged, and it is seen to be decidedly convex, the deep rounded
excavation behind the upper portion of each eye in E. ferrugineus is in this species but
faintly indicated ; prothorax minutely and not closely punctulate, strongly trans-
verse, sub-quadrate, very convex (almost gibbous), sides regularly and moderately
rounded, base rather strongly bi-sinuate ; elytra strongly sinuate at the base, scarcely
80 wide as the prothorax at its widest part, seriate-punctate, the punctures rather ■
close together, the usual short scutellar row obsolete, intervals finely punctured, the
punctures arranged somewhat in lines ; anterior tibiae rather strongly serrate at
their outer edge from near the base, the intermediate serrate at their apical third
only. Long. corp. 3 lin.

$ . Unknown.

Sal). : "Colombia ;" one example.

I refer this species to EiwjjJus, iiotwitlistandiiig the excavation
behind the eye (characteristic of the type species) is but feebly indi-
cated rather than existent ; but the position and character of the horns,
the form of the eyes, which (more especially in the^^) are narrowed
in their upper portion behind by an expansion of the cheeks, the
more regularly rounded sides of the prothorax, with its apex decidedly
sinuous and the angles strongly rounded, ai-e alike in both species,
and different from the great majority of the species in the very
closely related genus Jloplocejjhala (the members of which have
usually the vertex and occiput deeply excavated in the (J), the only
other genus to which the present species could possibly be referred..
It is, nevertheless, a question whether, having regard to the weakening
of certain characters as perceived in JE. Lecontii and in H. lateralis,
the two genera had not better be considered as but one.

Dr. Horn, in his recently published work (' Revision of the
Tenebrionida) of America, North of Mexico '), places Evoplus with
the Ulomicles ; and Dr. Le Conte, in his description of the genus
('New Species of North American Coleoptera,' p. 128), says '^ costs
" mcdiis ejnsfemis arete inclusis, trochantino milloy In the four
examples of E. fcrrucjineus before me, I find the mesocoxal cavities
open externally, and the trochautin distinctly visible ; the genus is
therefore undoubtedly referable to the Diaferides, and must, if main
tained as distinct from, be placed close to, Hojilocepliala, with which
genus and its allies it also agrees in having the presternum very short,
compressed, and convex, and the head somewhat loosely fitting in
its cavity (apparent when viewed on the under-side).

1873.] 235

The mandibles in the $ of E. ferrugineus are strongly angulated at
their outer side, and project beyond the lateral margins of the apex
of the'epistoma and base of the labrum. It would be interesting to
discover the $ of the species just described, to see if a like peculiarity
exists.

LIODEMA, Horn.

(Eev. Tenebr. Amer. N. of Mexico, p. 385).

In addition to the character drawn from the peculiar form of the
mesosternum (very accurately defined by Dr. Horn), it is necessary
to add, at least for the species described below, that the antenna) are
more or less serrate at their inner side, and the epipleural fold is
rather broadly continued to the apex of the elytra.

LlODEMA KlESCHI, sp. %.

Broadly ovate, convex, blact, opaque ; head, margins of protliorax, and scu-
tellmn, dull red ; head and prothoras indistinctly and very minutely punctulate,
the latter with two shallow, obliquely-placed fovere at each side the middle of the
disc ; on each elytron, a dull red crescent-shaped baud, curving backwardly from
the base, at the scutellum, to the shoulders (but not nearly reaching the margin) ;
the apex with a large, dull red patch, extending to the sides, suture and apex, and
having on its centre an oblique blotch, black ; the reflexed margins dull red ; very
finely seriate-punctate, the intervals rather broad ; under-side reddish-bro^vn,
shining, legs and mouth organs shining testaceous ; antennae wanting ; mesosternal
process elongate, sides parallel, sub-truncated in front ; abdomen glabrous, bi-foveate
at each side, and longitudinally strigose. Long. corp. 2f lin.

Hah. : Bogota ; one example.

LlODEMA OBTDENSE, Sp. n.

Broadly oval, sub-depressed, black, elytra opaque, head and prothorax slightly
shining ; the former entirely, the latter at the margins, rufescent ; scutellum slightly
rufescent ; on each elytron, a dull red crescent-shaped band near the base, as in the
preceding, but more obscure and with its lower margin crenulated ; there is also a
dull red band near the apex, but it does not reach the suture, and its upper edge is
sinuous, its lower crenulate, or sub-dentate ; the extreme apex is also dull red ;
apparently impunctate, but, when viewed under a high power, the surface is seen to be
very minutely seriate-punctate ; the reflexed margins black as far as the pre-apical
band ; under-side reddish-brown, somewhat shining ; legs, mouth organs, and an-
tenna;, shining testaceous ; abdomen pubescent, finely punctured ; mesosternal pro-
cess short, broad, rounded iu front. Long. corp. 2^ lin.

Hah. : Obydos, Lower Amazons ; one example.

Very near the preceding, but quite distinct by the characters
indicated.

236 [March,

LlODEMA HORNI, sp. n.

Broadly oral, depressed, brownish-black, sub-nitid ; head in front, and margins
of prothorax, reddisli-luteous, the latter with a slight oblique depression at each side of
the median basal lobe ; scutellum luteous ; on each elytron, a broad, oblique, reddish-
luteous fascia near the base, which does not extend to either the side or the suture,
its upper margin (at the inner side) with a deep semi-circular notch, the lower
margin with two similar but (especially the inner one) smaller notches ; the apex —
except near the suture — broadly pale luteous, the rcflexed margins entirely reddisli-
luteous ; minutely seriate-punctate ; under-side eastaneous ; epipleural fold, legs,
organs of mouth, and basal joints of antennse, shining testaceous ; joints 4 to 9 of
antennse rather strongly serrate within ; mesostemal process short, broad, rounded
in front; abdomen very finely punctured. Long. corp. 1% lin.

Hah. : Santarem, Lower Amazons.

LlODEMA rULVTJM, sp. 11.

Eroadly oval, depressed, fulvous, sub-nitid ; lateral margins of jjrothorax paler ;
on each elytron, an obscurely defined, pale luteous, oblique baiid near the base,
extending from the shoulder to near the suture, its upper edge with a deep emargi-
nation ; and another, sub-apical, pale testaceous, slightly oblique, expanding out-
wardly and reaching the margin of the elytron but not the suture ; under-side,
legs, antennae, &c., shining testaceous ; joints 5 to 9 of antennae serrate within ;
mesosternal process short, broad, the end strongly rounded ; abdomen finely and
rather closely punctured. Long. corp. 2 5 lin.

Hah. : Cumana ; one example.

LlODEMA CONNEXUM, SJ). n.

Broadly ovate, convex, sub-nitid ; head and prothorax deep black, the former
in front, and the reflexed margins of the latter, red ; on each elytron, two doi^p
black bands (one basal, and extending only half across the elytra, the other median,
and extending two-thirds across), their inner margins expanding in a curve and
uniting at the side of the elytron ; distinctly seriate-punctate, almost punctate-striate
at the sides ; the reflexed margins entirely red ; under-side shining reddish-brown ;
epiplem-al fold, legs, mouth organs, and basal joints of antennse, shining testaceous ;
joints 5 to 9 of antennse rather strongly serrate within ; mesosternal process
elongate, sides parallel, end rounded ; abdomen impunctate, the 4th segment broadly
and deeply emarginate. Long. corp. 21 lin.

Hah. : " Colombia." A single example out of the Uejeanian
collection, labelled " Platydema connexa, Dej."

LlODEMA SERRICORNE, Sp. 71.

Oval, testaceous, sub-nitid, sub-depressed : prothorax with six irregidarly formed
black spots ; two central, rounded, and joined at their inner edges, two larger, oblong,
and slightly oblique, at each side, and two triangular, situate at each side of the cen-
tre of the basal margin, close to the scutellum ; on each elytron, three strongly toothed
black fasciae : the first sub-basal, incomplete, the outer half being represented by a

1873.] 237

humeral spot, and another spot near the margin, the second median, extending from
the margin to the suture, and united to tlie first by a sutural extension, the third near
the apex, sliorter, extending neither to the suture nor the margin ; reflexed margins
entirely testaceous ; indistinctly and very minutely seriate-punctate, the punctuation
scarcely visible except at the sides ; under-side dark reddish-brown ; legs, epipleural
fold, sides of abdomen, and antennee, shining yellow ; the latter with joints 4 to 9
strongly seiTate within ; mesosternal process short, broad, rounded in front ; abdo-
men finely longitudinally strigose. Long. corp. 2j liu.

Hah. : Cayenne ; one example.

STENOSCAPHA, g. n.

Differs from Liodeina in having the form narrowly oval, the
outer edge of the anterior tibiae finely pectinate, and with two unequal
spines at the apex outwardly; the four posterior tibiae setose at their
outer edge, and bi-spinose at the apex outwardly ; the tibial sj)urs
much longer ; the eyes narrower at the sides and above, less approxi-
mate above, not obliquely prolonged on the front ; and the middle
joints of the antennae triangular, but not serrate within. Mesoster-
num, &c., as in Liodema.

A genus remarkable by the peculiar armature of its tibiae.

Stejs'Oscapha tibialis, sp. n.

Elongate-oval, black, sub-nitid ; head in front, and margins (more especially the
basal) of prothorax, rufescent ; head and thorax minutely punctured ; scutellum
slightly rufescent ; elytra obsoletely seriate-punctate, the intervals finely punctured ;
the reflexed margins entirely, and the suture obscurely, red ; the apical half of each
red ; under-side reddish-brown ; abdomen pubescent, finely punctured ; mesosternal
process elongate, sides parallel, end rounded ; legs and antennae reddish-testaceous.

Long. Corp. \\ lin.
Hab. : Ega, Upper Amazons ; one example.

Allophasia* Maeseuli, s]). n.

Oblong-oval, smooth, shining ; bright reddish-fernigineous, except the outer
eight joints of the antennae, which are dull reddish-brown ; head finely and not
closely punctured, strongly depressed between the eyes, front edge of cpistoma
elevated, slightly reflexed, rather strongly bi-emarginate, the middle lobe scarcely
forming a horn or tooth ; prothorax moderately rounded at the sides, very finely
and rather closely punctured, the anterior margin armed at the middle with two
rather short conical pointed horns, curved slightly backwardly and outwardly,
broadly connected at the base by an elevated ridge, and having behind them a
broad and rather deep excavation ; elytra finely punctate-striate, the stria? very faint,
the intervals finely and rather closely punctured, and sub-convex behind.

Long. Corp. 2g lin.

* Pascoe, Auu. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., November, 1871, p. 351, pi. xiv., fig. 11.

238 ' [March,

A single (^) example out of the 'Collection Done,' labelled
" JVieomida foveicoUis, Biiquet."

At once to be distinguisbed from A. Friji, Pasc, by tbe more

elongate and parallel form, the entirely reddish ferruginous colour,

the differently formed horns at the fore-margin of the prothorax, &c.

15, Nortliampton Square, Leicester :
January, 1872.

ON CERTAIN BRITISH SEMIPTEEASOMOFTERA.
BY JOHN SCOTT,
(continued from Yol. vii, p. 196).
For the first time in their lives, European Homopterists are in
possession of a complete list of the species. The late Dr. Fieber's
" Katalog der europaischen Cicadinen "* shews that about 850 species
is their sum total ; but I fear we shall not be able to produce British
representatives for a fourth of that number. Although the list occupies
only some 16 pages, yet the labour required in coustructing it must
have been very great ; for, except amongst some of the more common
species, the descript.'ons by older authors of a very large number are
so vague and unsatisfactory, that it was absolutely necessary that
originals types should be obtained for comparison and identification.
Now that we have a definite starting point, I pui'pose, from time to
time, to give a revision of various genera, so as to enable those who
are at work upon them to have an idea of what species we possess,
and to describe such as may be new to Britain, so as to lead others
to trace their identity, Fieber's list is cheap, and will serve well
for labelling.

{_Itevision of the Family DELPHACiDiE, and descriptions of several new species
of the genus Delphax of Authors.']

Species 8a. — Libtjenia iCMULATOE, n. sp.
"Undeveloped form, ^ .

Keels of the head and face white ; pronotum greyish-white.
Scutellum pale brownish-yellow.

Head longer tlian broad, pale brownish-yellow ; crown — keels white, not prominent,
channels black as far as the apex of the long, narrow triangle formed by the
middle keels. Face yellowish, keels white, margins of the keels black. Antenna
yellowish. Fyes fuscous-grey.

Thorax : 2^>'onotum greyish-white, keels distinct ; beyond the side keels, and under-
neath the eyes, somewhat pale brownish-yellow. Scutellum pale brownish-yellow,
margins and keels greyish-white. Elytra pale fuscous, scarcely half the length

* To be obtained through Mr. Janson, 38, Museum Street, W.C. — J. M.

isra] 239

of tlie abdomen, rounded posteriorly ; nerves not prominent nor granulated.
Sternum yellowish. I/effs pale yellowisli-wliite ; tarsi — 1st and 2nd pairs, with
the apex of the 3rd joint, narrowly black.
Abdomen above brownish-yellow, with a narrow, pale dorsal line ; 3rd, 4th, and 5th
segments on each cide with three dark spots, the intermediate spaces pale as in the
dorsal line, 6th with a dark spot in a line with the middle row of the foregoing ;
genital segment yellow, black from the middle to the apex ; appendix black at
the base, apex yellow, styloid processes pitchy-black, somewhat T sliaped.

Undeveloped form, 5 .

Similar to the $ in all respects, except the following, viz. : — keels of the face
broadly black ; apex of the inner margin of the elytra with an indication of a fuscous
streak. Abdomen slightly pale fuscous towards the base, middle row of spots on the
sides large and black. Length, f — | line.

Developed form unknown to me.

Nearly related to L. elegaoitula, but it has not a black scutellum,
nor a black patcb, almost concealed by the eyes, on tbe pronotum,
as in that species. Viewed from the side, the similarity in appearance
of such portions of the genitalia of these two species as are visible is
remarkable, but their styloid processes are entirely different in form.

I possess a ^ and $ taken by myself on Dartford Heath, in
August, 1867.

Species 11a. — Libtjenia coNSANGUiisrEA, n. sp.
Undeveloped form, ^ .

Keels of the head and face white, the latter narrowly margined
with black ; pronotum and scutellum pale luteous or yellowish- white.
AMovien black.

Head longer than broad, pale luteous or yellowish ; crown — the two basal fovese
deep and distinct, keels white, channels black as far as the apex of the triangle
formed by the two middle keels. Face luteous or yellowish, keels white, nar-
rowly margined with black ; adjoining the side keels are (apparently) two pale
pustules, the upper one almost in a Ime with the lower margin of the eye.
AntenncB yellow. Uyes dark brown or piceous.

Thorax : pronotum pale luteous or yellowish. Scutellum pale luteous or vcllowish,
darker between the keels, which have a greyish appearance. Hlgtra grey,
almost transparent, scarcely covering half the abdomen, rounded posteriorly ;
nerves distinct, not granulated. Sternum yellow ; metasternum with a large,
somewhat oval, black spot on the sides. Legs pale yellow or yellowish-white ;
tarsi — apex of the 3rd joint of the 1st ^nd 2nd pairs narrowly black.

Abdomen black, with a very narrow, orange-yellow, dorsal line, and a marginal spot
of the same colour at the posterior angle of each segment ; genital segment
black ; styloid processes pitchy-black. Length, 1 line.

$ unknown to me.

240 [March,

In appearance, Bomewliat like X. distincta, but the pale liead,
pronotum, scutellum, and elytra will at once lead to its separation.

Two males are all the examples I have seen ; and these were taken
by Mr. Douglas, at Bournemouth, in September.

Species 13a. — LiBUEifiA similis, Kirschh.

Liburnia similis, Kii'schb., Cicadinen, p. 30, 22 (1868).

Undeveloped form, ? .

Keels of the head, face, pronotum, and scutellum concolorous.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum brown, the two latter somewhat reddish-brown.
Elytra clear brownish-yellow, covering more than half the abdomen, obtusely
rounded posteriorly, nerves finely granulated, marginal nerve slightly pale.
Legs yellow ; tarsi — 1st and 2nd pairs fuscous.

Abdomen dusky fulvous or brownish, posterior margin of the segments paler.

Length, 1 line.

This species will come immediately after L. Boldi in our list, as
it at present stands.

I possess two females fiom Scotland, but have no record as to
precise locality or date of capture.

{To be continued).

DESCEIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMONID^
(ANOMALON AND MESOSTENUS) FROM GREAT BRITAIN.

BY THE EEV. T. A. MAESHALL, M.A., F.L.S.

AjfOMALOJf FASCiATUM (Smith, M.S.), sp. n.

A. nir/nim, ore, vuindlhulis frceier apicem, chjpeo, fctcie, orljiiis
internis et externis, antennarum articido ])rimo siibtxis,j)rotlioracis inacuJis
duabiis triangularihus, duahus suh aJis, aliaq^ue supra coxas posticus,
scutello, trochanteribus, segmenti2)rimi apice, secundi et sec[uentiu,m diini-
dia fere parte, flavis : antennis pedihusque riifo-flavis, illarum articuJo
hasali supra nigro, articulis apicalihas supra fuscis, liorum femorihus
posticis suhtus nigro lineatis, tihiisque posticis apice nigris.

S ? • Long. 8—9 Jin.

Head buccated, not wider beliind the eyes ; front with two blackish fovesB
under each antenna, and, between these fovese, a protuberance with a central black
tubercle. Clypeus indiscrete, faintly but widely emarginate at the apex. Mandibles
with two sub-equal teeth. Antennas longer than half the body, filiform ; first joint
of the flagellum twice as long as the second. Eyes naked, not emarginate at the
base of the antennse. Thorax almost as broad as the head and, with the pleurae,
thickly punctured, sub-obscure ; scutellum convex, shining yellow, punctured ; meta-
thorax not excavated in the middle, sub-rugulose, obscure, with a shining carina,
curved outwards, on each side near the base. Abdomen smooth, shining ; first seg-
ment two-thirds of the length of the hind femora, its sides parallel to just before

1873.] 241

the tubercles, then slightly widciiecl, and again parallel to the apex ; the second
and following segments strongly compressed, giving the abdomen (viewed laterally)
an elongate-pyriform appearance. Terebra hardly exscrted. Hind tibife and tarsi
incrassated, but less so than in other species of the genus ; ungues simple. Fore-
wings with the discoidal transverse vein continuous with the dividing nervtire of
the two cubital cells, and hardly geniculated close to its base ; the transverse anal
nervure of the hind-wings genticulated in the middle. Both sexes are similarly
coloui'ed. The yellow fasciae of the abdomen are paler after the second segment ;
continued, but narrower, under the belly. Coxae shining black ; trochanters yellow ;
femora and tibiae reddish-yellow ; the hiud femora with an apical black streak beneath.

The abdomen is sliorter, stouter, and more pyriform than in other
large species. The black and yellow coloration are suggestive of Ban-
clius, but the absence of the areolet corrects the impression. The neu-
ratiou of the wings, as indicated above, is peculiar, and might be taken
as constituting a new genus, of the same value as Agrypon and others.
The specimen above described, which Mr. Smith has kindly given to me,
is a $ , but I have seen one or more males of it in the British Museum.
They were bred by Mr. Mitford, from a supposed permanent variety of
Lasiocampa frifolii, and are not only new to Britain, but hitherto
unknown anywhere.

I am also favoured by Mr. Smith with the following information
respecting a fine Mesostenus, hitherto undescribed, in the British
Museum. Perhaps this notice may serve as a guide to any collector
who may be fortunate enough to meet with the same species in the
north of England. Five specimens were purchased by the Museum
at the sale of the late Mr. Hey sham's collection. They attracted the
notice of the late Mr. Desvignes, who intended to describe them, but
unfortunately did not. They were taken in the neighbourhood of
Carlisle, as were also four specimens of Trigonalys angUcana, one of
which was sent to Mr. Smith for identification. The following is that
gentleman's description of the Mesostenus, which I propose to name

Mesostenus MArRUs, sp. n.

" Totally black, excepting the scutellum, which is yellow, as well as six joints
" of the middle portion of the antennae. The anterior tibiae, and the apical portion
" of the femora, are ferruginous ; the anterior tarsi obscurely so. The extreme apical
" margin of the fii-st segment of the abdomen is sometimes obscurely ferruginous.
" Metathorax truncate, armed laterally with two acute spines. Long. 5 lines."

I have seen, but never examined, the specimens, and my impression
is that they are of large size for the genus.

St. Albans : February, 1873.

242 [March,

Note on a second British species of Liosomus. — I have had in my collection for
a long time, but have accidently hitherto neglected to examine and record, a single
example of a species very distinct from our common ovatidus, not taken by myself,
but given to me as a variety of that insect, and for which I cannot publish the pre-
cise locality, as I had no note of it with the specimen. It is, from description,
evidently the Liosomus ohlongulus of Boheman, in Schonherr's Gren. et Spec. Cure. vi.
(Suppl.), p. 316 ; but I have had no opportunity of comparing it with any type of
that species, as the only supposed exponent of it to which I have access is that in the
general collection of the British Museum (an-anged by M. Jekel), and wliich is
distinctly only ovatuliis. Compared with typical ovatulus, my insect (an immature
(?) is rather smaller, very decidedly longer and narrower, with a longer and more
coarsely and deeply punctured rostrum, which is not quite so stout or so curved
downwards, longer antennae (the scape being especially long), straighter sides to the
thorax, and un-toothed femora. Beneath, it is rather more strongly and remotely
punctm-ed, and the ( J ) metasternal depression is wider and better defined.

As regards ovatulus, I think the not imcommon lighter coloured race deserves at
least some recognition, and therefore propose the name collaris for it, as it seems by
no means improbable that specific rank may eventually be attributed to it. As far
as my experience goes, I find this race to be smaller than the type, and to have
fuscous or rufo-testaceous legs with darker tips to the femora, the legs themselves
being rather longer and of more feeble build (the femoral tooth being also not S'
much developed), rather longer antennse, and very often a clear red thorax, of whicli
the punctuation is apparently always not quite so close. Colouration does not seem
to be the residt of immaturity in this form, which my friend Mr. John Scott tells
me he used to find in moss at Renfrew, where it was the commoner of the two.
I do not happen to have taken any individuals of the ordinary larger and deep black
form varying at all in size ; but I am indebted to that indefatigable obseiTer, Mr. H.
Moncreaff, for one rather smaller than the smallest of my rufescent individuals {i. e.,
about half the ordinary size of the black race), and which was taken, with others
like it, by him out of moss, in a very restricted locality, unaccompanied by any large
specimens, near Portsdown Hill. The black common form has never occurred to me
in moss ; but always in or about wet debris at the water's edge. As regards pmic-
tuation, I find that the males often have the thorax less closely punctm-ed than the
females ; some of the latter sex also having the thoracic punctuation much closer
than others. Both sexes have the femora distinctly denticulated beneath ; Boheman's
doubt as to the correctness of Clairville's reference of femoral teeth to the ? and
none to the ^ being well founded : but certain lately described species are stated to
present sexual differences in this respect. I observe that in ordinary black ovatulus
the protuberance above the middle of the inner side of the front tibiae is more
evident in the <J than in the $ . This protuberance is very slightly indicated in my
individuals of the race collaris ; and it is wholly absent in my ^ ohlongulus, of which
the anterior tibiae are slightly but evenly curved inwards for their whole length
until quite close to the inner apex. — E. C. Eye, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney, S.W. :
Fehruary, 1873.

Note on a species of Bagous neio to Britain. — I am indebted to Mr. Champion
for a Bagotis (of which some half-dozen specimens were, I believe, given to him by

1873.] 24'3

Dr. Power, ■who took tliem during the past year) new to our list, and which I refer
to B. breris, Schon. and Thomson. Superficially somewhat resembhng B. frit,
wlileh it rather exceeds in size, this insect is readily distinguishable by its thorax
being very strongly constricted before the apex, and having a dorsal channel ending
in the middle one of three fovesG, situated in the anterior constriction. The inter-
stices of its elytra are slightly elevated, the 5th exhibiting the usual callus ; and the
tibiffi are stout, much cui-ved inwardly, and thickened above the middle. — Id.

I^ote on 2J0ssihJe effects of isolation. — Among some beetles sent to me for names
by Mr. J. ChappeU, are a few from the Isle of Man, of which the following exhibit
some peculiarity.

Notiophilus palustris, two examples ; one much narrower and with the punc-
tuation much coarser than iisual, the interstices being elevated, and the whole insect
symmetrically abnormal ; the other of the usual facies, but with two large well-marked
and evenly-balanced punctures on the front of the disc of the thorax, — a chai-acter
which a,t aU events deserves record, as (upon the elytra) materially assisting to
establish specific rank for N. As-punctatus.

Amara trivialis ; smaller and darker than usual, of entirely dull surface.

Harpalus eeneus ; also n:iuch smaller, and with the emargination at the apex of
the elytra' (an unstable character) less deep than usual ; the male exceedingly bright
green, with coppery suture to the elytra and dark legs, and the female very dark and
dull, with subdued green silky reflections ; in both, the thorax is more than usually
contracted behind, with the basal fovese very distinctly marked : and this is particularly
conspicuous in the female, in which the usual irregular basal punctiu-es are entirely
wanting. I can almost exactly match this female with an example from the
Shetland Isles.

Aleochara ctiniculoruni ; wanting the usual red spots on the elytra.

Kemembering the eccentricities of Manx Meloe proscarabceus recorded in this
Magazine, I cannot but think that the occurrence in one small box of tliese diver-
gencies from the normal condition is not merely accidental. Mr. ChappeU tells me,
also, that Cori/mbites qitercils abounds on rocks in the Isle of Man ; and, as it appears
to find a footing in such a very unlikely place, I can only suppose that it is affected
by the motto ( " Quocunque jeceris adsto " ) of the Island. — Id.

Note on the Cossomis linearis of British collections. — Being occupied just now
on a revision of the genera of the Cossonidce, I have had occasion to compare a few
ordinary specific forms, and it has greatly surprised me to find that English examples
which I had been accustomed to regard as the Cossonus linearis, do not, in reality,
pertain to that species at all, but to the ferrugineus, Clairv. The particular indivi-
duals now before me were taken several years ago by Mr. E. W. Janson, in an old
willow-tree close to Kentish Town ; but I believe them to be conspecific with what I
used formerly to obtain near Cambridge, and elsewliere, and I should be thankful,
therefore, if Colcoptcrists would look to their examples of so-called " C. linearis," in
order to ascertain whether they are correctly identified, and do not belong rather (as
I suspect) to the C. ferrugineus. There is not the slightest difficulty in distinguishing
the two species, — the true C. linearis (which may, perhaps, prove, after all, not to be
British) being very much flatter, and more deeply and coarsely sculptured, with its

244 [March,

rostrum a little shorter, thicker, and more dilated towards the tip, with its scutellum
appreciably larger, and with its tibite (at any rate, the four hinder ones) less sinuated
internally. There are many other characters, which wlU at once be seen on inspection j
but these will sufBce for my present purpose. — T. V. Wollaston, Teignmouth :
February, 1873.

Note on the synonymif of Cryptophagus crenaftis, Oyll. — -When at Macugnaga
last summer, I captured a very remarkable and interesting Crj/^j^o^/tff^H* in a boletus
Ou attempting to name the specimens, I find the species to agree accurately with
Erichson's description of C. crenulatus, except that my specimens are considerably
smaller than the size he gives (1^ lin.), the largest of my specimens being scarcely
a line in length. I consider, however, this discrepancy not to be of importance, and
accordingly indentify my species as the very rare C. crenulatus, Er. After his de
scription, Erichson adds a note, saying that Gyllenhal's description of C. crenatus
applies accurately to crenulatus, except in the size, — G-yllenhal saying that crenatus
is more than twice as small as scanicus. Now, as this is really the case with my
specimens of crenulatus, it would appear that Erichson's crenulatus is really synony-
mical with the crenatus of Gyllenhal. Thomson, however, has identified the de-
scription of Gyllenhal with a totally different insect, viz., the C. hicolor of Sturm
and of our collections, and he replaces the name bicolor with that of crenatus,
Gyll. On consulting Gyllenhal's description, however, I cannot agree with Thomson
in assigning it as applicable to hicolor; whde, on the contrary, it seems to me
really applicable to my small specimens of crenulatus, as it was thought by Erichson
it might be. Tliere is, however, yet another difiiculty. Gyllenhal quotes with ai
query his C. crenatus as being the Dermestes crenatus of Fabricius. On turning i
Eabricius, I find that his Dermestes crenatus (first described, by the way, inEnt. Sy>i
Supp., 72, 41) may or may not be this insect, his description being quite worthlesrr
It is prohably neither crenulatus, Er., nor bicolor, Sturm ; but appears particularly J
inapplicable to bicolor. I think it may be left out of the question altogether, until '
its type be forthcoming for its identification. It remains then to be decided whetlii
Gyllenhal's name shall be adopted for crenulatus, Er., or for bicolor, Sturm, or ]'i
neither. I am myself in favour of this latter course ; for I do not think Gyllenhal
name should be adopted for bicolor, because his description is not applicable there(i>.
and I do not think we should be justified in substitiiting the name croiatus, GyU., for
crenulatus, Er., because, though the desci'iption would appear to warrant this, yet wc
have no corroborative evidence of the occurrence of crenulatus in Sweden. I ma\
add, that my specimens were found in a boletus adhering to a dead and decaying
pine, in company with J?pitr<3a variegate and Gyrophcenaboleti. These circumstances J
render its occurrence in Sweden probable ; but, until this be proved, I think crenatus. '
Gyll., must remain a doubtful name, more especially as he says of his insect, "Hal
in quisquiliis." I will merely add, that Thomson gives no reason for his adoption
of the name crenatus, Gyll., for bicolor, Sturm, beyond quoting Gyllenhal's description. .
— D. Sharp, Eccles, Thornhill : January, 1873.

071 the reported occurrence of Apatura Ilia in England. — Mr. W. Oxenden
Hammond kindly sent me for examination the supposed British specimen of Apatursi
Ilia, which is mentioned by Mr. Butler in a communication to ' The Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine,' published in the last number, p. 219.

1873.] 245

I think some mistake must have been made with regard to this butterfly, which
appears to be a rather remarkable aberration of the Asiatic form of Ilia = Metis of
Kindermann, -wliich differs from the European type iu the much more fulvous
ground colour of its wings, and the absence of the ocellus at the anal por-
tion of the posterior wings, which is very conspicuous in the ordinary European
specimens.

The larva; of A. Iris and A. Ilia feed upon sallows and aspens, and never upon
oak. Iris is almost entirely confined to woods in which the large wood sallow (Salix
caprcBa) grows ; but Ilia is quite as often found in meadows in which sallows and
various kinds of poplars are growing. A friend of mine took Ilia in plenty in some
meadows a few miles south of Paris, flying round the sallows on the borders of a
stream. Both species are single brooded, and the young lai-vse hibernate when very
small, stretched out along the branches of sallows and aspens on which they have
previously spun a web to which they are attached by their feet. I have found the
young larvae of Iris in March on the catkins of the sallow shaken from the trees
in Ongar Park Woods. They feed upon them till the young leaves appear, when
they eat the leaves and are often more than half-grown before an oak leaf is to be
seen. My late friend Dr. Maclean, of Colchester, often had young larvae hibernating
on a sallow iu his garden under a covering of muslin. The larvae of Iris change to
pupse in June, and the butterflies always emerge in twenty-one days, and are on
the wing the beginning of July. The same remarks apply to Ilia, except the time
of appearance which is rather earlier : it is a more southern species than Iris.

I very much doubt the occurrence of hybrids between Iris and Ilia : the former
scarcely varies at all except in the occasional absence of the white fascia across the
wings, while the latter is perhaps the most variable of European butterflies.

I do not think the colours of Lepidopterous insects are ever affected in con-
sequence of the larvte having fed upon different plants growing in the same soil ;
but difference of soil decidedly affects the colours of some species, of which Gnophos
olscurata is a familiar example. — Henry Dotjbledat, Epping : February 12th, 1872.

Vanessa Antiopa in Yorkshire. — From the large number of specimens of this
fine insect captured or seen in Yorkshire during the past year, it would seem that
the Lepidopterists of that County have been especially favoured.

To those already named in the Magazine, I can add the following : Sept. 13th,
a very fine example sent by a gardener from Warthill, about four miles east of York,
to Mr. I. Robinson, and now in my cabinet. On the same day, a boy took one whilst
gathering blackberries ; and a few days after one was taken in the window of a coach
factory, close to the Cathedral, and another by Mr. Dutton of York.

It appears to have been very abundant near the east coast. I have a letter before
me from a friend at Beverley, who states that over twenty have been taken there,
though only two of these were good specimens ; and that Mr. Boyes knocked down
four with his stick, when walking in the garden. I saw one in November that had
been taken in Malton Railway Station ; and the gentleman who had it told me that
several had been seen and captured near Drifiield. — Wm. Peest, 13, Holgate Road,
York : January, 1873.

Vanessa Antiopa in Northumherland and Durham.— In common with other
parts of the Kingdom, we were last year visited by this very fine insect in unwonted

246 [March,

numbers. I have notices of about t-wenty specimens having been captured, and fully
as many more seen on the wing, within the two counties. Most of them were taken
or noticed between the 20th and 31st of August. All have white bordered wings,
except one, which being a very fine specimen, is, I think, worthy of a little more
notice from its having the wing borders decidedly yellow, and not white or yellowish-
white. "When placed amongst a series from Central Europe, it is found to be per-
fectly identical in coloiir, and can only be sepai-ated therefrom by the different
pinning and setting. This specimen, which is now in the cabinet of my friend, Wm.
Maling, Esq., was taken in Jesmond Dene, near Newcastle, on the 23rd of August,
about 11 a.m., and, from its absolutely perfect condition, and sluggish flight, had
evidently only very recently left the chrysalis. When first noticed, it was sitting
amongst low herbage near some willows, and when approached flew heavily up to the
branch of a tree, fi-om where, on being dislodged by clods of earth, it fell to the
ground, and was taken by the captor with his finger and thumb. — Thomas John
Bold, Long Benton, Newcastle-on-Tyne : January 2oth, 1873.

Butterflies at sea. — In the " Abhandlungen vom naturwissenchaftlichen Vereine
zu Bremen," Band 2, Heft 2, pp. 297—298 (1872), Herr F. Buchenau notices the
occurrence of swarms of Pieris IrassiccB at sea, off the mouth of the Weser. In the
middle of July, 1872, he made a sea-excursion on board a fishing boat from Bremer-
haven. So long as the boat was in the river, or at its mouth, only an occasional
' cabbage-white ' was to be seen crossing the river, and soon disappearing. But, when
once out at sea, the boat was enveloped in a swarm of these butterflies, so thick as to
resemble a snow-storm. The weather was hot, and the surface of the sea undisturbed
by any wind. Many of the insects were to be seen posing themselves with erect
wings on the surface, others were lying flat on it, as if dead, but flew away rapidly
if disturbed. They were accompauied by Dragon-flies {^Eschna sp.) which evidently
preyed upon them, and also by small flies and ichneumons. Herr L. Hiipke (in a
foot-note) mentions a similar occurrence in a neighbouring locality in July, 1868. —
Eds.

Natural History of Acidalia incanaria. — I am indebted to Mr. J. E. Fletcher,
of Worcester, for the opportunity of renewing my acquaintance with the larva of
this species ; some eggs kindly sent by whom, loose in a quill, on the 26th of July,
1872, hatched on the 2ud of August following.

The young larvae fed from the first on Polygomim avicuJare, tliriving so fast that
one had changed to a pupa by the 31st of August, several others by the 5th of
September, and more by the 14th ; the remainder being attacked and killed by
mildew when approaching pupation. The first moth appeared on the 14th of
September, the others between the 26th of that month and the 3rd of October.

The egg is of a rather long oval shape, a little depressed on part of its surface,
with the shell very finely reticulated, and of a deep flesh colour, turning to brown
two days before hatching.

The young larvae at first, and for some time, were of a pale ashy grey tint above,
and darker grey beneath; resting often with their front segments curled imder;
at the end of a fortnight they were sufficiently grown to show their distinctive
characters very well : at the end of another week, varieties in their colom-ing began
to appear, and from this time they were generally in straight postures on their food-
plant, and, even when disturbed from it, they remained rigid, as if feigning death.

1873.] 247

When full-grown, the larva is nearly three-quarters of an inch in length ; though
convex hoth above and below, yet its shape appears a little flattened ; the broadest
segment is the ninth, from which those in front taper very slightly towards the
head, which is the smallest segment, and is indented on the crown ; the last four
segments are also very little tapered until near the anal tip ; all along the sides, the
inflated spiracular ridge is interrupted at each segmental division, and there are four
sub-dividing wrinkles at unequal distances on the back, and twelve at equal
distances on the belly, of each segment. The ground colour, according to the in-
dividual, is either brownish grey or reddish or ochreous brown : the head, dark in the
centre, is brown, and freckled with darker at the sides ; the sub-dorsal line begins a
little below the crown of each lobe, and continues very distinct to the end of the fifth
segment, the dorsal line beginning on the second segment, and continuing distinct for
the same distance, both being pale ashy or ochreous in colour ; from thence to the tenth
segment both dorsal and sub-dorsal lines generally become so suffused in their course
as to be but partially visible, and, in some instances, hardly to be traced through the
brown bands which cross each of those segments, namely, a narrow band in front,
and a broad one ou the hinder part, leaving between them but a small space of the
ground colour ; on the last four segments, however, the lines are more distinct. At
the end of the fifth segment on either side is a conspicuous round bkck spot near the
sub-dorsal region, followed in some instances by another, a trifle smaller, on the end
of the sixth. In segments five to nine, inclusive, the back of each bears the following
detads, composed chiefly of brown freckles, moi'e or less confluent, viz. : on the
dorsal region in front of each, two simple leaf-like shapes of darkish brown, pointing
backwards, united at their base but diverging near their tips, which end at the
anterior pair of tubercidar black dots ; on the hinder part of each of these segments
are equally wide dorsal shapes of brown, merged together at their base, but soon
separating into Vs with double side strokes, the outer stroke of each pair being
longer than the inner, and reaching to the side, the central space between the inner
strokes mostly filled up with the same brown colour until near the anterior pair of
dots, where it fades away ; the posterior pair of black dots just within the outer
strokes, and not far from the segmental division. Instances occur where these outer
oblique dark strokes are margined a little way on their course by pale ashy or
ochreous. The ninth segment is paler than the others, and the tenth paler still ; and
on the back of the three hinder segments, the markings are very simple rudiments of
the preceding detads. The sides are throughout clouded and streaked with darkish
brown, and on the thoracic portion a strong dark brown line borders the pale sub-
dorsal below ; the spiracles are of the ground colour, ringed with darker brown. The
belly of each segment is darkish grey-brown at the sides, with a paler ashy-tinted pear-
shape in the middle, outlined with dark brown, and on the narrowest part of tliis
pear-like outline, is placed on each side a conspicuous blackish spot ; a whitish ashy
stripe runs down the centre, widening at the end of each segment, and inteiTuptedly
outhncd with blackish, most strongly at its widest part.

The most noticeable variety among the lai-vce I had, was of a pale grey groUnd
colour, in which the dorsal line could be distinctly ti'aced throughout, though but
little paler than the ground, and (as in many other species of Acidalia) was strongly
bordered at the beginning of each segment with a short black mark (and this again,
in one instance, with a white mark), these black marks, becoming more and more de-

248 [March,

velopod towards the twelfth segment ; the dorsal markings down the back but thin
and slight imitations of those described aboTC, and none of them clouded or merged
together ; the anterior pairs of tubercular dots black, and the hinder pairs white,
finely ringed with black.

The pupa is ^g inch in length, rather stout in proportion, broad at the thorax,
the abdomen tapering rather suddenly to a point which terminates in six minute
bristles, curved at their extremities ; its colour, ochreous-brown, broadly marked with
black on the thorax and back of the abdomen, the wing covers being delicately
striated with dark brown. — William Bttckler, Emsworth : December, 1872.

Captures of Lepidoptera in 1872. — The following is a list of a few of the
Lepidopterous insects I observed in this district, or reared, during the wretched
season of 1872. " Sugaring " was a complete failure nearly the whole of the year,
and, for the most part, collecting of any kind was so much wasted time. — Vanessa
cardui, Clare Hill ; Lyccena Arion, Mr. Merrin again sent me eggs from Gloucester,
but I had no more success with them than in former years, — the economy of this
species still seems as great a mystery as ever ; Sesia lemhectformis, common on poplar
trunks at Birkby ; Arctia mendica, not uncommon at Grimescar ; Amphydasis
prodromaria, produced from larvse obtained by beating in Sherwood Forest during
the previous year; A. hetularia, one of the black variety, reared; Boarmia
rohoraria, one ? specimen from eggs sent me by Mr. J. P. Barrett, from New
Forest moths ; Acidalia trigeminata and holoserlceata, also bred from larvse sent by
Mr. Barrett ; A. emutaria, seven specimens emerged in August from eggs sent from
Sheerness, early in July, by Mr. J. J. Walker, — the remainder of the larvae are now
hibernating (when fresh, the pink bloom on the wings of this species is most beautiful) ;
Scodiona helgiaria, in the larval state, Crosland Moor ; Larentia ccBsiata, common on
Norland Moor; Hmmelesia decolorata and Melanipp)e gaUata,not so common as usual;
Hypsipetes impluviata, bred, larva from alder the previous autumn ; Cidaria immanata
and Pelurga comitata ; Ftilophora plumigera, reared several specimens from eggs sent
by the Eev. T. W. Daltry, of Madeley, the larvse fed on sycamore ; Notodonta car-
melifa, Mr. W. C. Marshall sent eggs from Cumberland moths, but the young larvse
died off miserably, though constantly supplied with fresh birch leaves ; N. drome-
darius, bred, larvte from birch in Black Fir Wood the previous autumn ; Cymatopliora
Jlavicornis, common on birch trunks in March, Black Fir Wood ; Leticania littoralis,
bred, larvse from Wallasey sand-hills, fed readily on common field grasses ; Miana
literosa, Grimescar ; M. arcuosa, very abundant amongst Aira ccBspitosa, at Grimes-
car ; Agrotis agatJdna, Mr. Norman sent larvse from Forres, but, although some
seemed to go down all right, no moths appeared, — does anyone succeed with this
species ? Triphcena oriona, var. Curtisii, reared a beautiful series from eggs sent by
Mr. Norman, the majority of the specimens turning out to be the dark form ; Orthosia
ypsilon, larvfe from poplars at Clare HiU ; Xanthia citrago, reared a nice series from
larvse sent from Barnslcy ; Tethea suhtusa, larvaj common on poplars at Clare Hill
and Birkby ; Hecatera dysodea, a nice series froni larvse sent me from Cambridge ;
Fol ia fiavocincta, larva; common on " Everlasting pea," in the garden at Clare Hill,
moths in the aiitumn ; Dasypolia Templi, one specimen in the stone quarries aj
Denby Dale ; JEbulea sambucalis ; Scopnla lutealis, in profusion at Grimescar ; J7z<-
dorea cembralis ; Phycis carboiiariella, Norland Moor. — Geo. T. Poheitt, Hudders-
field : January 8th, 1873.

1873. 249

Lepidoptera observed in Sussex during 1872. — During the whole of the year,
Lepidoptera were exceediuglj scarce. Most of tlie insects mentioned in the following
notes occurred singly. Sugar was, in many instances, a complete failure. Leucophasia
sinapis, near Hailsham, not uncommon. Colias Hyale, only one specimen, near
Lewes. Melitcea Athalia, a specimen near Battle, new locality. Syricthus* alveolus,
a specimen of the variety lavatercB, near Battle. Chcerocampa porcellus, a specimen
near Lewes. JProcris G^ryon and fflobularicB, near Jjcwea, June. Calligeniaminiata,
Lithosia mesoinella, and complana, not uncommon, near Battle. Lithosia aureola,
one at sugar, Battle, June 15th. Lithosia griseola and stramineola, Lewes, in the
same spot, the latter scarce. Epione advenaria, near Hailsham, sparingly. Boarmia
consortaria, Battle, one at dusk, May 25th. Tephrosia extersaria, Battle, May 25th
to June 15th, not uncommon, on sugar and at dusk, flying high up over birches ; also
occurred near Lewes. Geometra papilionaria, Battle, a few specimens. Asthena
sylvata, Battle, rare this year. Macaria notata, Battle, one specimen. May 5th.
Melanthia aliicillata, near Lewes, at dusk, a few specimens. Melanippe hastata,
near Hailsham, not uncommon. Platypteryx lacertula, Battle. P. Jiamula, near
Hailsham, one specimen. Cymatophora fluctuosa, Battle, one on sugar. C. or, near
Lewes and Battle, singly. Diphthera Orion, Battle, a few at sugar. Acronycta
leporina, Battle, one at sugar. Aporophila australis, near Lewes, very scarce this
year. Liiperina cespitis, near Lewes, very scarce this year. Noctua Dahlii, Battle,
on flowers of Teucrium, &c. Cerastis erythrocephala, one or two specimens occurred
in the autumn. Hoporina croceago, near Lewes, on sugar, October. Epunda
lutulenta, near Lewes, one on ivy bloom. Fhlogopliora empyrea, near Lewes, not
uncommon, October. Aplecta tincta, Battle, a few at sugar and bramble blossom.
Hadena genistce, Battle, on sugar. CuculUa asteris, one specimen at Battle. C.
chamomillce, Battle, one specimen. May 20th. JErastria fusciila, Battle, one at sugar.
Serminia derivalis. Battle. Ennychia octoniaculalis , near Battle, &c. Agrotera
nemoralis, a specimen in my collection taken by a friend, near Hailsham, on May 20th.
Crambus falsellus, near Lewes, over an old thatch, July. C. piiietellus, Battle,
singly. Fhycis betulella, Battle, one specimen, July. Achroia grisella, Battle, in an
old hive ; I have some larva now feeding. Sarrothripa Revayana, near Lewes, one
at sugar. Tortrix dumetana, near Lewes, July, not uncommon. — J. H. A. Jenneh,
Lewes : January 23/'c/, 1873.

TortricidcB at Guestling. — I have done little in this group, but the following
are the best I have hitherto met with : — Halias prasinana, quercana and chlorana ;
these all occur here, but only the first in any quantity : Sarrothripa Revayana,
scarce ; Tortrix cratcegana, one specimen ; T. sorbiana, very abundant, flies in a
frantic manner at dusk ; Dichelia Qrotiana, not micommon, sometimes comes freely
to sugar ; Leptogramnia literana, Ditula semifasciatia, Penthina salicana, all these
are scarce ; Sericoris littorana, a few at Pett. Euchromia purpurana, Sciaphila
sinuana ; I met with single specimens of these this summer, the former at Pett.
Stigmonota redimitana, scarce. Lobesia reUquana ; I meet with a few specimens
of this pretty species every spring. EupcBcilia udana and E. rupicolana ; I have
taken single specimens of both these species, the latter, which I took this autumn,
was flying in a wood glade, where hemp-agrimony {Eupatorium cannabinum)
was growing pretty freely. Eupaecilia curvistrigana ; I was fortunate enough to

* Syricthus, Hope, 1837 {Dynast iihv) ; Boisd., 1840.— E. C. R.

250 [March,

take three specimens this year in wood paths (August 6th) ; I took a single speci-
men some years ago. Cocliylis stramineana and C. inopiana ; I have only met with
single specimens of these two species.

The above is but a meagre list of species, and the more so as so many are repre-
sented by single specimens ; I doubt not, however, that a want of perseverance in
searching for them may account for this, although I believe the TortricidcB are
generally scarce here. — E. N. Bloomfield, G-uestling Rectory : November 'Jth, 1872.

The New Sugaring Lamp. — In recommending the new Sugaring Lamp in the
January No. of this Magazine, I quite unintentionally omitted saymg that the idea
originated with Dr. White. I must apologize for this omission.

It may be quite true that an ordinary tinsmith can adapt the shilling " sponge
lamp " to a sugaring lantern, but the circular form is too clumsy, and cannot be made
to fit a flat lamp for the pocket. The reservoir in my lamp is quite shallow, flat,
with square sides, and slides into a groove just above the match drawer; the ordinary
shilling lamp, moreover, has no rack and pinion to raise or lower the tviclc, but is
merely furnished with a slide to regulate the flame.

Finally, my burner, owing to this improvement, gives a larger light than the
other, and is exceedingly cleanly to manipulate.^ — Geo. Noeman, Cluny Hill, Forres,
N.B. : February, 1873.

Entomological Society of London. — Annual Meeting, 27th January,
1873. — Prof. Westwood, President, in the Chair.

Tlie following gentlemen were balloted for and elected Members of Council for
1873 : Messrs. H. W. Bates, Butler, Grut, McLachlan, Miiller, S. S. Saunders,
F. Smith, Stainton, S. Stevens, Verrall, C. O. Waterhouse, "Weir, and Westwood.

The following Officers for 1873 were subsequently elected, viz. : Prof. Westwood,
President ; Mr. R. McLachlan, Treasurer ; Messrs. F. Grut and G. H. Verrall,
Secretaries ; and Mr. Janson, Librarian.

The President read an address on the progress of Entomology during the past
year, and the business of the meeting concluded with the usual votes of thanks to
the outgoing officers.

^rd February, 1873. — Heney W. Bates, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. William Cole was elected a Member.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited some Indian Hymenoptera, collected at Nuddea, in the
district of Minchindipore (about 80 miles from Calcutta). Amongst them were a
new species of Astata, and four or five beautiful species of Nomia.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited the quadrangidar case of the larva of a Trichopterous
insect, together with the larva itself preserved in glycerine. These had been placed
in his hands by the Rev. A. E. Eaton (who found them in the Dove, a swiftly running
stream in Derbyshire), and were supposed to belong to Brachycentrus subnubilus, as
the larvae of that species are known to manufacture quadrangular cases ; but some
doubt was expressed as to the species.

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of a large species of Pulex, found by
Mr. J. J. Walker in a mouse's nest in the Isle of Shoppy. Mr. Bird exhibited a
specimen of Cerastis erythrocephala, from Dareuth Wood.

1873.] 251

Mr. Meldola exhibited a living Myriopod fSpirololusJ from San Francisco, and
eggs of PhyUium pulchrifolmm from Java.

Mr. Pascoe, referring to an observation by Mr. F. Walker in " The Entomolo-
gist," that the Fire-flies (Luciola italica) seen in abundance in Italy, had probably
entered that country from the East, and were hindered by the Maritime Alps from
occupying the Mediterranean coast of France, remarked that he had seen the insect
in abundance in France between Cannes and the Var, and wished to ascertain if any
Entomologist had noticed it farther westward in France.

Mr. A. Miiller made some further remarks respecting certain pouch-galls found
on the leaves of cinnamon from Bombay, exhibited to the Society in March last,
which shewed that the question as to the originators of the pouch-galls could not be
settled satisfactorily without further evidence.

The Rev. Mr. Eaton stated that he possessed a specimen of a Tromhidium
which had been taken by Mr. Benjamin Lee Smith in September last, in Spitz-
bergen ; and also read a paper on the Trichopterous Family HydroptilideB.

Mr. A. Gr. Butler communicated a Monograpliic List of the species of the genus
Gasteracantha, or Crab Spiders, with descriptions of new Bpecies.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS to the LIST OF BRITISH STRPHIDJE.
BY G. H. YEERALL.

Since my last communication to this Magazine (February, 1871)
on the British species of SyrpJiidcB, I have observed several additional
species, including four new to science, and have a few notes on others
for publication.

1. AsciA QUADEiPUNCTATA, Meigeu. — I am convinced that this is only

a variety of the species generally cdXlGxlfloralis, Mg., as I have
captured the females on several occasions in company with ordi-
nary A.floralis in marshy lands.

2. Stephus cokpusus, Egger. — This species, which I originally added

to the British list from a specimen caught in this neighbourhood,
I now believe to be only a variety of S. aJhostriatus, Fallen ; but,
while the typical alhostriatus abounds in some large woods, where
the males are most indefatigable hoverers, the typical confusus is
more confined to gardens and meadows.

3. Stbphus nigbicornis. — When at Loch Rannoch in June, 1870, 1

captured six specimens (4 (J, 2 $ ) of a species which is, without
much doubt, the ^S*. obscurus of Zetterstedt's Insecta Lapponica
(1838), but as the name obscurus was pre-occupied by Say (1824)
for an American species, a new name is required, and I therefore
propose that of nigricornis. The species is allied to S. lunulatus,

252 [March, 1873.

but is blacker and rather narrower, the legs being much blacker,
and the antennae quite black instead o£ yellowish-black, the pu-
bescence on the scutelluin is all black, instead of all yellow, and
the yellow spots on the abdomen never extend to the edge.

4. Strphus aiwulatus, Zett. — I am now able to describe both sexes
of this species for the first time, as it was originally described
from the female, and only that sex has hitherto been recognised
in connection with the name. I can, however, find no satisfactory
distinction in the description of the male of ;S'. vittiger, but the
female is readily distinguished by the pale base of the hind
femora. The species belongs to the " ribesii'' group, from which
I omitted it before, as Zetterstedt places it next to S. cinctus and
cinctelJus, which have the abdomen very nai'row. It need only be
compared with S. lineola and vittiger, as it has a black line down
the middle of the epistoma ; but, while the male annulatiis has the
legs luteous, with the basal half of the anterior femora black, and
the hind legs all black excejDt the knees, and the female has the
legs nearly all luteous, except a broad black ring on the hind
femora, which leaves the basal two-fifths of the femora luteous,
the male lineola has the legs black, with the anterior knees and
base of tibise luteous, and the female has them luteous, with the
basal third of the femora black, and the hind legs all black except
the reddish knees. Vittiger is especially stated by Zetterstedt to
have the hind femora black, with only the tip yellow, and he
knew the female of vittiger from several specimens, though he
did once (Dipt. Skan. ii, 715) refer to it a specimen having the
hind femora pale at the base, which he subsequently (Z. c. viii,
3138) considered ati7iulatus. Vittiger has been described by
Schiuer in his Pauna Austriaca, and he speaks of the hind femora
being black, except at the tip, without any refei'ence to sex. I
can, however, find no character by which I am able to separate
the males, nor have I seen any males which I believe to be distinct,
though I have seen some females answering to the description of
vittiger. In case the two names should be synonymous, annulatus
has the priority by some years. I found it in some abundance on
Shirley Common, on May 5th, 1872, about some furze bushes ; I
fancy, from the fragility of the specimens, that they had only re-
cently come to maturity. I caught one female at Eannoch in
June, 1870, and I have seen eight specimens (2 (J, 6 ? ) caught
by Dr. Buchanan White at Braemar, in 1871.

April, 1873.] 253

5. Stephus tittigee, Zett. — If distinct from the last species, is also

British, as I refer to it two females caught by Dr. Bucliauan
White at Braemar in 1871, and a female by myself at Eannoch
in 1870.

6. iSTEPHUS LATiFASCiATUS, Mcq.—Abbretiafus, Zett., must be added

to the synonyms of this species?, but excisus, Zett., may be with-
drawn ; as, according to Loew, it is a distinct species. Under no
circumstances can the name affinis stand, as there is a prior
affinis of Say.

7. Stephus baebipeons. Fall. — In my previous notes, 1 added to the

British list Melanostoma harhifrons, on the authority of two ( (J )
specimens belonging to Mr. B. Cooke; since then I have examined
a series of a Syrphus that I caught at Eannoch in 1870, w^hich I
considered to represent the Scceva arctica {$) and nitidula (?)
of Zetterstedt. I am, how^ever, informed by Loew that it is the
species known on the continent as Melanostoma harlifrons, Fall.,
and that the species I had formerly thought harhifrons is new to
science. The species I caught at Eannoch is a true Si/rpJius, but
the epistoma of the male is very much darkened, so that some
specimens might readily be thought to belong to Melanostoma. It
belongs to the " umhellatarinji'' group, in which it is distinguished
by its darkened epistoma, which, however, is always luteous be-
tween the antennse, by its dark legs, and by the very small pair
of spots on the second abdominal segment. It is most allied to
Si/rjjJnis lasiophtJialmus and Melanostoma quadrimaculatiim (the
species I had previously considered M. harhifrons) ; but S. lasiopli-
thalmus has the eyes slightly hairy, the epistoma distinctly luteous
on the sides, the abdominal spots all larger, and the pubescence
on the breast-sides yellow instead of black, while M. quadri-
maculatuni has the eyes distinctly hairy, the epistoma quite black,
and the abdomen marked with only four spots in the male, and
unmarked in the female. Zetterstedt himself admits that his
S. nitidula is the female of his 8. harhifrons, and I think his S.
arctica must represent the form of the male that I have caught,
while his S. harhifrons would represent the more common form
on the continent, in which the basal pair of abdominal spots are
wanting. In opposition to this, however, Bonsdorff professes to
have caught both sexes of S. arcticus and harhifrons. The
species was one of the commonest at Eannoch.

254 [April,

8. Stephus pukctulatus, sp. n.

$ ? . Oculis sub-hirtulis, epistomate Jlavo, linea media nigra, genis nigrescentihus,
fronts cBneo-nigra, tomentosa ; antennis nigrescentihus, articulo tertio subtiis hasi
luteo ; thorace eeneo, nitidulo, punctato, sciitello Jlavido, pilis omnibus nigris ; abdo-
mine lineari, maculis transversis semi-circularihus luteis ; pedibus nigrescentibus,
genubus anterioribus ("scBpissime tibiis totis, femorumque dimidio apicaUJ luteis ; alis
suh-hyalinis, stigmate cinereo. Long. 4\ — 4-f lin.

S ■ Very closely allied to S. lasiophthalmus, Zett., but the eyes are slightly less
hairy, the epistoma is always covered with yellow tomentum, except on the well-
defined, rather shortened middle line, the middle knob seems rather more defined,
the cheeks are darker and apparently more descending, the long black hairs on the
occiput curred forward OTcr the eyes are more numerous, and on the vertex nearly
all the hairs are black ; the antennse have the thii'd joint luteous at the base beneath,
and also rather more pointed and angtdated ; the frons is more covei'ed with tomen-
tum; the thorax is not quite so shining, the punctuation being larger and coarser,
the pubescence is all luteous, and not quite so abundant and rather shorter ; the
scutellum is yellower, its pubescence less abundant, shorter, and all black. The abdo-
domen is less pubescent ; the first pair of spots is larger and more triangular, running
almost lip the edge towards the basal corners ; the spots on the third and foiu'th
segments show a similar tendency, and are almost semi-circular, their iipper-side
being straight, with the hinder angles rounded off, and they run quite up to the
basal corners of the segments ; as these spots curve off so much before reaching the
edge, the yellow hairs standing out from the edge at the basal corners of the segments
are much fewer than in S. lasiopMhalmus, since they follow the groiind colour. Tlie
anterior legs are generally yellow, with only the basal half of the femora and the
tarsi black, and the hind legs black, with the knees and base of tibise luteous, but
they vary up to being almost as black as in S. lasiopMhalmus.

? . Differs from S. lasiopMhalmus like the male, in the antennse, epistoma,
cheeks, pubescence, punctuation of thorax, &c., and on the scutellum the pubescence
is entirely black, while in S. lasiophfhalmus it is usually entirely yellow ; in many
of the specimens I possess, instead of the usual coppery longitudinal lines on the
thorax, there appears a most peculiar coppery filagree work on the disc, arising, I
presume, from the drying of the internal juices ; the abdominal spots curve upwards
considerably as they approach the edge, the second and third pairs being more
rounded behind, and nearer the fore-margin.

Tliis species has hitherto been confounded with S. Jasioplttliahnus,
from which I consider it perfectly distinct ; I have captured it in
abundance near Shirley Common in May, and have also taken it at the
Plashett Wood, near Lewes, at Boxhill and here (Denmark Hill).

9. Sthphus compositaetjm, sp. n.

$ $. Oculis nudis ; epistomate flavido-albo,peristomate lineaque media nigris ;
antennis nigrescentibus ; fronte Jlavido-pollinosa, macula super antennas nigricante ;
thorace sub-nitente ( $),aut ccBrulescenti-aineo nitldo ( $ ), scutelloflavo, nigro-piloso ;
abdomine lineari, maculis bis tribus transversis, linearibus, sub-quadrangulis, strami-
neis ; pedibus nigrescentibus, gen icul is anterioribus testaceis ; alis sub-vitreis, stig-
mate palHdo. Long. 4:\ — 5 lin.

1873.1 255

(^ ? . This species belongs to the group containing ;S^. umbellafarum,
F., lasiophthalmus, Zett., punctulatus, Verr., decorus, Mg., guttatus,
ISig^Jlav/frons, Verr., nigritihiis, Eond., harhifrons. Fall., and auricoUis,
Mg. From umlellatarum (its nearest ally) it is distinguished by its
smaller, sub-quadrate basal pair of abdominal spots, which do not
reach the edge ; by the almost entirely black-haired scutellum ; by the
blackish-browTi anterior tibia? and tarsi, and blacker femora ; by the
duller thorax of the male ; by the broader epistomatal line ; by the more
free second and third pairs of abdominal spots ; by the black, instead
of yellow, genitalia ; by the broader dark middle line on the frons of
the female, and smaller black spot above the antennae ; and by the
thinner hind metatarsus, &c. : from lasioplitliahmis and punctulatus,
the bare eyes, paler epistoma, yellow cheeks, yellower scutellum, paler
abdominal spots, and slight pubescence, at once distinguish it : decorus
has the antennae entirely, and the legs nearly all, yellow, &c. : guttatus
scn^L flavifrons are smaller, and have the epistoma and frons all yellow,
the scutellum pale-haired, and have traces of a pale line down each
side of the thorax : nigrifibiis and harhifrons have the epistoma and
front nearly all black, and the basal pair of abdominal spots, either
very small or altogether wanting : and auricollis in the variety ma-
culicornis, Zett., has the antennae pale beneath the third joint, and has
the abdominal spots trapezoidal or triangular, and much larger and
yellow ; its legs are also considerably more yellow.

As far as any previous notice of this species is concerned, I think
it must be the Sccsva umbellafarum of Zetterstedt, as he says (Dipt.
Skan. ii, 734) "thorace sub-opaco (j" — pedibus nigris, geniculis au-
"terioribus testaceis, — scutellum f usco-pilosum ; " subsequently (Z. a.
viii, 3142) he says "thorax etiam in ^J, potius nitidus quam opacus
" dicitur," which is exactly the case with my specimen ; afterwards (/. c.
xiii. 5098), he appea,rs to have noticed the true umbellafarum, as he
records some specimens from Gothburg and Holland, with the thorax
shining in both sexes. Loevv informs me that specimens sent him as
types by Zetterstedt were true umbellatarum. The original description
of Fabricius (Ent. Sys. iv, 307) proves his species to have been the
one I have considered umbellatarum, as he says " Pedes antici testacei,
"femoribus basi nigris, postici nigri." Schiuer (Faun. Austr. i. 308)
probably \i3bdLComposifarumhQiove him, when he refers to the specimen
separated in Schummel's collection as 8. alhoguttafus.

This species was abundant at Rannoch, in June, 1870, v.here I
also caught one melanoid female : I have never seen S. umbellafarum
from the north, but have caught it rarely at Lyudhurst, Penzance, and
here (Denmark Hill).

250 [April,

10. Syephus plavifrons, sj). n.

S. Ocidis nudis ; epistomate toto Jlavo-albo ; antennis nigrescentibus ; fronte
flava, angulo superiore anguste nigrescente ; thorace ceneo, nitido, scutello pallida,
pilis Jlavo-alhis ; abdomine lineari, maculis bis tribusjlavis, liberis ; pedihus nigris,
genubus luteis, tibiis tarsisque anteriorihus obscuris ; alis sub-liyalinis, stigmatefusco.

Long. 3} — 4 lin.

<? . Smaller than S. umbellatarum and considerably resembling Platychinis
scufatus S ) eyes bare, epistoma yellowish-white, yellower on the knob, and some-
what obscurely darkened on the sides of the mouth, there are several mostly pale hairs
on the sides of the disc and close to the lower part of the eyes, the upper angle of the
mouth is blackish ; the cheeks are clear pale yellow, with pale pubescence ; the frons
is yellow, with just the upper angle blackish, it is clothed with a tolerable number of
longish black hairs, which, however, do not spread over its middle ; the vertex is
rather elongate-triangular, seneous, with longish hairs, generally black, but sometimes
those behind are luteous ; antennse dull blackish, third joint short ovate.

Thorax shining seneous, finely and verj^ sparingly punctate, with faint indications,
especially in front, of two dull dark lines down the middle of the disc, the pubescence
all silky whitish-yellow ; a yellow line along the sides fomis a distinct spot on the
shoulders, and a less distinct one on the upper corner of the hinder angles ; the breast-
sides have a whitish pubescence ; the scutellum is bright yellow, with a slight seneous
tinge, and the extreme corners seueous, it is clothed with not very abundant long
silky whitish-yellow hau-s ; alulse and their fringes yellowish-white ; halteres yellow,
obscure at the base. Abdomen linear, dull velvety-black, faintly transversely rugose ;
about the middle of the rather long second segment near the edge on each side is a
very small distinct yellow spot ; near each basal corner of the third segment, but not
touching the margin at all, is a larger irregidarly quadrate yellow spot ; these spots
are distant from each other rather less than their own breadth ; on the same part of
the fourth segment are similar but rather narrower spots, and the basal corners of the
fifth segment are entirely yellow ; the pubescence down the edge of the abdomen is
whitish-yellow, rather long, decreasing in length to half way down the fourth segment,
after which it is short and black ; on the disc, the pubescence is slight and obscure,
but the longer hairs seem pale, and the others rusty-black ; the belly has only the ends
and edges blackish, all the disc being whitish, with obscui-e markings on the sides of
the second and third segments ; the genitalia are very small and blackish. Legs didl
black, the tips of the anterior femora dull luteous, the knees brighter, the hind
knees very narrowly dull luteous, the anterior tibiae and tarsi brownish, with a ten-
dency to yellow at their tips, the hind trochanters somewhat luteous ; there is a
moderate whitish-yellow pubescence behind the anterior femora ; the hind metatarsus
is long, scarcely thickened. Wings slightly greyish, stigma distinct, brownish.

I caught three males of this species at Rannoch in June, 1870.
It is, apparently, most allied to S. gutfatus, Meigen, but I am informed
by Loew that there are several distinctive characters ; according to
descriptions, ;S^.yz«^^rt^»s has a much more conspicuous, sharply-defined
line down the sides of the thorax, and a pair of conspicuous whitish
spots before tlie scutellum, and paler legs than Jlatifrom.

{To he couii.tued).

!873.] - 257

DESCEIPTIONS OF A >fEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF
COLEOPTERA FROM JAPAN.

BY THE EEV. H. S. GORHAM.

Since the publicjitiou of my paper on the Enchmycliichp of Japan
in the February No. of this Magazine, I have seen, in Mr. George
Lewis's collection, two or three forms which either belong to this family,
or, like Si/mbiotes and Mi/ccfcea, may be associated with it. I now offer
a description of a genus belonging to the true Endomychidce. Another
interesting genus allied to the genera mentioned must wait for closer
investigation, and will probably require to be dissected.

Family ENDOMTCHID^.
Tribe Dapsini.

E-HABDUCHUS, genus novum.
Aniennarum clava articulo primo incrassato et interne dentnto, se-
qnentibus duobus multo latiore. Palpormn articulus ultimus fusiformis.
Prosternum retrorsum angustatum, coxas superans, medio concavum,
apice rotundatum. Mesosteryium oblongo-quadratuni. Pronotum lafe-
ribics margliiatis ut in Sfe7iotarso, bast lined transversa ivipresso, anguJis
posticis productis. Pedes lonqi, tarsi graciles, posteriores elongaii.
Corpus oblongum. Type R. denticornis, sp). n.

The singular insect for which I propose the above genus w^ould
seem, by the structure of its antennae, allied to CEdiartJirus, G-erst.,
and also to have a general affinity wdth Mycetina and Stenotarsus. The
remarkable form of the ninth joint of the antennae, however, and the
form of the thorax, combined with its long thin legs, are an associa-
tion of characters dissimilar to anything yet described in this group.
I regret having been unable to give the form of each part of the
mouth, there being but a single specimen, which is apparently a female,
the abdomen cons'sting of five segments.

RiiABDucirrs denticornis, sp. n.

Testaceus, sub-nitidus, puhe brevi puree vestitus, crebre at obsolete
punctatus, anfennis nigris, capite thorace pedibusque infuscatis.

Long. 2 lin.
Oblong, head fuscous, crown smooth. Antennas more than half as long as the
body, entirely fuscous black, basal joint ovate, second short, about as long as wide,
3 a little longer and equal to 7 ; 4, 5 and 6 equal to each other, and shorter than 3 ;
joint 8 short, equal to 2 ; 9 equal in length to the two preceding, triangular, the
inner side with an acuminate tooth ; 10 smaller, triangular, internally acuminate at
the apex ; 11 elongate, rounded externally, the mner edge straight. Thorax widest
at the base, the posterior angles being produced outwards into an acn<o angle; the

258 rApHi,

sides sinuate ; anterior angles rectangular, deflexcd, from these the sides are rounded
rather suddenly, becoming almost parallel again before the base ; margined with a
strongly impressed line, which does not meet the front margin, — the space between this
line and the side being flattened and widest in front ; base with an impressed trans-
verse line, and the usual sulci very short ; disc fusco-piceous. Elytra a little wider
at the shoidder than the thorax, thence widened evenly to beyond the middle, riar-
rowed gradually to the apex, of a uniform testaceous colour, clothed with a very fine
pubescence of the same tint, very obsoletely punctured. Legs pitchy-red ; apex of
the femora and tibiae darker.

Of this ciirioiis species I haxe seen but a single specimen, wliicli
is iu Mr. G. Lewis's collection from Naarasaki.

Family CUCUJID.E.
Genus Ino, Castelnau.*
Ino quadeinotata, sp. n.

Nicjro-picea, niticla; capite, tlwrace, ahdominecpie crehre, elytris par-
cins,pu7ictatis ; liis maculis duabiis cdbidis, anteriore ohJongd; antcnnarutn
hasi, tihiis tarsisque rujis. Long. 2 Jin.

Tlie species now described adds anotlier to the tropical forms
already known to exist iu Japan. Of tlie four species of Ino described,
two are from New Guinea, one from IMadagascar, one from Guadeloupe.
Ino quadrinotf/fa would seem allied to /. frepidi, Pascoe.

Head as wide as the thorax, eyes i-ather prominent. Sides of the thorax a very
little widened from the base to about one-third of their length, thence narrowed
strongly, and iu a straight line to the base, the angle at which they would meet being
rounded off, so that the width of the base is equal to that of the straight portion
from the anterior to the middle angle. Antennae a little longer than the head and
thorax, their basal joint moderately swollen and red, the third half as long again as
second, both of which are rufo-piceous ; 4, 5 and 6 bead-shaped, a little longer than
wide ; 7 — 10 widest at apex ; 11 oblong. Elytra covering more than half the abdo-
men, but leaving the two last segments and part of the third from the apex exposed,
widened from the base for two-thirds their length, thence rounded into the suture ;
each with two pale spots, the anterior on the shoidder and oblong, the posterior
near the apex and rounded, but both are ill-defined. The abdomen is widest where
it quits the elytra, which it there equals in width, and its margin is rather
elevated. Femora stout, pitchy-black, tibiae pitchy-red, tarsi red.

Six individuals taken by Mr. G. Lewis are before mo.

Generally distributed in Kiusbiu ; taken by Ideating old faggots,
and once in great profusion, in May, under bark of the vegetable- wax
tree.

Eusper : March llth, 1873.

• 1835 : Ino, Leach, in Lepkloptcra, 1819. — Eds.

1873.] 259

NOTES ON EETEROMEBA, AND DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW GENERA
AND SPECIES (No. 7).

BY F. BATES.

METABOLOCERTJS, KOI). ^^;i. (Sub-family Ulomince).

$. Near Ulosonia (Casteln.), differing in having the epistoma
more broadly and someAvhat more squarely truncated in front (the
labrum being consequently more exposed), armed at or near the
middle of the anterior border with a slender horn, more or less elon-
gate and erect, and another, usually smaller and more pointed, or
spine-like, at the inner corner of each eye ; head not concave between
the eyes ; antennae various, but usually shorter, and with the outer
joints more or less strongly triangular and transverse ; prothorax
produced in front with two or three more or less elongate horn-like
processes, which are directed forwards over the head, the two outer
lougest and stoutest, and continuous with the lateral margins of the
prothorax or not ; the central one (where it exists) usually smaller and
much more slender ; tarsi relatively somewhat shorter and stouter ;
body generally narrower, more parallel, a little less depressed, pilose
or not.

? . Head and prothorax unarmed, the latter rather deeply arcuate-
emarginate in front.

This genus cannot be confounded with Antimnchus, Gristl, on
account of its differently formed head (especially the epistoma),
antennae, mentum, &c., whilst the peculiar armature of the prothorax
will readily separate it from all the other genera of its sub-family.

M. PILOSUS, sp. 11.

Oblong, sub-parallel, pitchy-brown, shining, sparsely clothed with rather long,
erect, simple hairs ; epistoma armed in the centre of its fore margin with an elongate,
nearly erect, slender, cylindrical horn, obtusely pointed at the apex ; a short, sloping,
conical, pointed tooth arises from the inner corner of each eye j antenna; moderate,
sparsely spilose, joints 6 — 10 triangular, perfoliate ; prothorax depressed, sub-
quadrate, a little wider than long, sides a little narrowed in front, a distinct median
furrow, and an impression at each side the middle of the base, sparingly and irregu-
larly punctured, the punctures large and much scattered near the sides ; the anterior
processes (or horns), two in number, arising within, and distinct from, the lateral
margin, elongate — extending beyond the anterior margin of the head — moderately
stout, sub-cylindric, slightly curved, slightly converging, obliquely truncated, and
faintly notched at the apex ; the space between the bases of these processes is
moderately excavated, or concave ; elytra seriate-punctate, intei-vals faintly and not
closely punctured : the Ist, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th costiform for about one-fourth to one-
third their length from the apex ; the 7th, 8th, and 9th costiform thi'onghout their

260 [April.

length ; the 8th extending to the hvimeral angle, where it iinitcs with the 7th and
9th ; apically, the 3rd, 7th, and 9th are united, the 5th (which is the shortest of
all) being enclosed by the 3rd and 7th, and the 8th by the 7th and 9th ; under-side
sparsely pilose, flanks of prothoi-ax and sterna sparingly and rather coarsely punc-
tured ; legs shining chestnut-red.

Length, from apex of thoracic process to apex of elytra, 5 lin. ; width of elytra
IJ lin.

9 . Smaller and sliorter (long. 4i lin.), head and prothorax simple, the latter
rather deeply arcuate-emarginate in front, and with the median furrow apparent
only at the base ; elytra with the 7th, 8th, and 9th intervals only faintly costiform.

Hob. : 'Nevf Grrauada ; two examples, (^ and ? .

M. CLTPEATUS, Sp. n.

Smaller than the preceding, the epistomatal horn situated on the disc (not at the
middle of the fore margin), and, together with the horn arising from the inner
corner of each eye, moderately elongate, semi-erect, sub-cylindric, obtuse at apex ;
antennae short, joints 7 — 10 rather strongly transverse, very moderately perfoliate ;
prothorax decidedly transverse, a little convex, moderately punctured, the punctures
largest near the sides, an impression at each side the middle at the base, but without
any trace of a median furrow, the anterior processes three in number, two at the
sides — arising within, and distinct from, the lateral margin — robust, moderately
long (extending over the head to a little beyond the level of the insertion of the
autennse), slightly converging, obliquely truncated, and distinctly notched at the
apex ; the 3rd is central, about one-third the length of the two others, cyliudric,
strongly compressed, rounded at apex ; elytra seriate-punctate, almost obsoletely so
at the apex, intervals (except the 7th, which is slightly elevated) flat, very minutely
and very sparsely punctulate ; flanks of prothorax with a few small, scattered punc-
tures ; legs shining chestnut-red ; body hairh^ss.

Length, 3| lin. ; width of elytra, 1^ lin.

Sab. : Cumana ; a single ( ^J ) example.

Var. ? BRETICOKNIS.

Ib this, whicli I doubtfully coiipidcr as a variety o£ the preceding,
or one in which the full development of the armature of the head and
the prothorax has been arrested, — the three horns on the head are
faintly represented by small conical tubercles ; the three thoracic
processes are much shorter, the two outer (which do not nearly extend
to the level of the insertion of the antenna?) are stout, conical, and
not at all convergent ; the central one is reduced to a short, com-
pressed, conical tooth ; the rest entirely as in the typical form, save
that it is smaller and shorter. Long. 3 lin.

Sab. : Cumana ; a single ((^) example.
M. Frti, sp. 11.

Entirely shining rufous, with the legs and palpi yellowish ; antenna' with joints

1S73.] 2G1

6 — 10 slightly produced (sub-scrratc) within ; epistoma armed in front with a
short, sloping, strongly compressed, conical tooth, or horn ; at the inner corner of
each eye a short, spine-like horn, sloping towards the front ; prothorax depressed,
transverse, finely and not closely punctm-ed, with several shallow impressions along
the base, the median furrow famtly (except at the base) impressed ; the processes
in front three in number, the two lateral robiist, continuous -with the lateral mar-
gins of the prothorax, extending over the head to a level of the insertion of the
antennse, obliquely truncated at the apes, their inner side concave ; the 3rd is
central, compressed, sub-cylindric, of nearly equal length to the two outer ; elytra
seriate-punctate, obsoletely so at the apex, intervals very minutely and sparingly
punctulate ; flanks of prothorax rugosely punctured, but not closely so.

Length, SJ lin. ; width of elyti-a, If lin.

Sal.: "Colombia;" a single {^) example in tlie Collection
Laferte.

This species differs sub-geuerically from those preceding in
having the two outer thoracic processes continuous with the lateral
margin of the prothorax.

METULOSONIA, gen. nov.

Near Peltoides, and having quite a similar f acies, but readily sepa-
rable by the eyes being larger, wider, more prominent, and but slightly
narrowed in the middle by a prolongation of the antennary orbits in
front, or by an expansion of the cheeks behind ; the head smaller and
narrower ; the antennary orbits smaller, narrower, less prominent,
not angular, and not projecting laterally beyond the eyes ; the pro-
sternal process horizontal, acutely prolonged behind, and penetrating
deeply into the mesosternum, which is vertical in front, and cleanly
and deeply excavated in the form of a V. As secondary characters, the
form is more elongate-oval, or elliptical ; the median basal lobe of
prothorax narrower, more prolonged, so that a straight line drawn
from its lower edge would neai'ly include the hind angles ; the 3rd
joint of antennpe relatively shorter ; and the prothorax has, near the
sides, the larger scattered punctures characteristic of TJlosonia and
the allied South American genera of this section of the sub-family.

The form of the head in this genus very closely approaches that
in Ulosonia, but the epistoma is shorter, more broadly truncated in
front, and not at all reflexed at the lateral borders ; it is not concave
between the eyes ; it is unarmed, but there is a decided tuberculiform
elevation near the inner margin of each eye. The form of the head
in Peltoides more closely resembles that in Alphitohius than in either
the present genus or in Ulosonia.

262 [April,

Metulosonia Hoeni, sj). n.

Elongate-oval, pitchy-brown, glossy ; head sparingly but rather coarsely punc-
tured ; epistoma finely and rather closely punctured ; prothorax finely and not
closely punctured, near the sides are some scattered, large, coarse punctures ; a well-
marked oblique impression at each side the median basal lobe, which has also an
ill-defined, shallow depression on its middle ; scutellum sparsely but distinctly
punctured ; elytra seriate-punctate, the punctures rather large, especially at the
sides ; intervals flat, faintly punctulate ; under-side and legs dark reddish-brown,
glossy, almost impunctate ; flanks of prothorax faintly longitudinally wrinkled ;
abdomen a little coarsely (but not closely) punctured, and reticulate-rugose at
the sides ; prosternal process with a well-marked impressed line dovra the centre,
between the coxaj, the end acutely pointed ; intercoxal process somewhat rounded
at apex. Length, 3 1 lin. ; -v^idth of elytra. If lin.

Hah. : Panama ; a single example.
Metulosonia egaensis, sp. n.

Much smaller and relatively broader than the preceding, entirely reddish-
castaneous, glossy, the entire punctuation finer ; the prothorax a little less narrowed
at the sides anteriorly, the front angles a little less prominent, and somewhat de-
pressed, the median basal lobe not depressed on the middle ; elytra wider behind
the middle, the apex being consequently more broadly rounded ; prosternal process a
little more compressed behind the coxa;, the point less acute, the longitudinal central
depressed line obsolete ; intercoxal process narrowly rounded at the apex.

Length, 2,\ lin. ; width of elytra, 1^ lin.

JIab. : Ega, Upper Amazons ; one example.

Peltoides capensis (Dej. Cat., p. 230 — Odjjlestus).

Size and general aspect of P. senegalensis, Cast. ; the only
differences I can detect are (in cajyensis) tlic stronger punctuation
of tlie entire surface, both above and beneath, the rows of punctures
on the elytra especially being larger ; the presternum longitudinally
rugose, or finely plicate, before the coxae, and the prosternal processes
plain, not convex or sub-carinate down its length, and rather strongly
and closely punctured. The antenuse appear somewhat shorter and
stouter, but these organs vary in this respect in different individuals
of P. senegalensis.

It will require the comparison of a number of examples to deter-
mine whether these slight differences are 'sufficiently constant to give
them a specific value. At present, I possess but a single example
of P. capensis, from Port Natal.

15, Northampton Square, Leicester :
Fehntary, 1873.

1873] 2()3

DESCEIPTION OF LYC^NA ARTHURUS, A NEW EUEOPEAN
BUTTERFLY.

BY J. COSMO MELTILL, B.A., F.L.S.
LTCiENA AeTHUKUS, Sp. 11.

(^ . Alee supra violacece, suhtics cinereo-fusccB, ah L. Arione differentes
oceJlis omnibus ahsentihus, Us circa onarginem exteriorem exceptis, nigris,
macuUs quoque discocellularibus bene utrinque definitis ; corpus cceruleo-
alhescens.

Habitat, Cliamoiinix, Switzerland ; one specimen alone captured,
June 28th, 1872, by Miss Evelyn Melvill.

Expanse of wings, about 1" 4'".

The wings are violet-blue, with rather broad blackish hind-margins.
The under- wings beneath are greenish at the base ; fringe white ; an-
teunsa similar to those of L. Arion. Mr. A. Gr. Butler has examined
the insect, and states his opinion that it is a " typical species," as it
differs very much from all the known forms of Arion, its nearest con-
gener. My sister, who captured it, informs me that its manner of
flight was markedly more wild and irregular.

Manchester : MarcTi, 1873.

[We presume that the above insect is what systematic writers
would call an aberration of L. Arion. — Eds.].

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BUTTERFLY FROM JAVA.
BY THOMAS CHAPMAN.

EUPLOCA LOREAINI, Sp. U.

Upper-side : $ . Both wings deep black. Eore-wing : three
small white spots near the costa beyond the middle ; a transverse band
of six white spots near the apex ; the second, third, and fourth from
the costa much larger than the rest ; within the outer margin an ir-
regular row of fourteen white spots ; a white dot just beyond the
cell. Hind- wing : a line of twelve white spots within the hind margin,
and within a few smaller white dots towards the apex.

Under-side : Brown, marked as the upper-side, with the addition
of a white dot near the extremity of the cell in the fore-wiug.

Expanse, 3to inches.
Glasgow : 31arcli 1st, 1873.

26 i [April,

ON CEETAIN BEITISH EEMIPTERA-nOMOPTERA.

BT J0H:N^ SCOTT.

Revision of the genus AcocephAlus, and descriptions of two species not hitherto
recorded as British.

In the ' Entomologist's Monthly Magazine ' for 1865—1866, the
Rev. T. A. Marshall gives descriptions of the British species of
Acocephnlus as known to him, but the synonymy of some of them
requires transferring, and I simply proceed to show the changes
necessary.

(Sub.) Family lASSINA, Stal.
Genus ACOGEFHALUS, Germ.

1. A. rusticus, Fab., as described by Marshall is correct. It is ex-

tremely variable in colour and size, so that innumerable varieties
have been described as species. Fieber cites 18 ; and probably
does not exhaust the list.

2. A. hifasciatus, Lin. The references and description in this case

are also correct. Fieber mentions five varieties of this insect which
have been described as species.

3. A. aJhifi'ons, Lin. Marshall refers alhiger. Germ., to this spe-

cies, but Fieber gives it as a variety of his pohjstolus, a description
of which will follow.

4. A.rivuJaris,Gevvii. Yieher refers hisfrioniciis, Fall., to this species,

and not to histrionicus, Fab., as stated by Marshall.

5. A. Jiisfrionicus, Fab. AYith the above alteration, Marshall's de-

scrijitiou and i-eferences are correct.

6. A. arenicola, Marshall. Fieber, to whom I submitted one of Mar-

shall's examples, returned it to me as only a var. of albifi'ons :
and with this opinion I confess I must agree.

7. A. agrestis, Fab. Removed from this genus by Flor (followed by

Fieber) to his genus Sfroiigglocqjhaltfs. There can be no doubt
about the correctness of the removal, as the most cursory glance at
the shape of the head will at once determine. The head in
Acocephalus is generally pointed, shovel-shaped and hollow on the
upper surface ; while that of S. agresfls is convex.

Acocephalus intebeuptus, Fieb.

NiGRiTUS, Kirschb. var.

Dark pitchy-brown, not shining.
Head : pitchy-brown, deeply concave, with a central and two elevated side lines,
posterior margin yellow, anterior margin above finely spotted with yellow, be-

187:!.] 2G5

neath bi-ovni. Face yellow, on each side of the ceuti-e of the anterior margin a
blackish fovea. Clypeus brown. Cheeks : apex brown, enclosing a yellow spot
next the base of the clypeus. JE^es black. Rostrum piceous.

Thorax : pronotum black anteriorly, and with five longitudinal depressions ; lateral
margins narrowly M'hitish ; posteriorly soi'did yellowish-white. Scutellum dark
brown, apical half paler. Elt/tra dark pitchy -brown ; clavtis — Ist nerve whitish
at the apex ; cerium — anterior margin with a longish wliite streak beyond the
middle, joined to a transverse wavy white streak, sometimes intei-rupted, and
reaching the inner margin ; before the centre of the disc a somewhat reniform
white spot ; inner margin and apex narrowly white. Sternum pale yellow.
Lecfs brownish-yellow ; thighs — 1st pair brown, with one or two short, pale,
longitudinal streaks and spots, extending from the base to beyond the middle ;
2nd and 3rd pairs pale, apex brown ; tib'icB — 1st pair dark brown or pitchy ;
2nd pale, base brown, apex dark brown ; 3rd pitchy-brown, darkest at the apex,
spines brown ; tami of all the pairs pitchy, base of the 1st joint nari'owly
clear brown.

Abdomen beneath black, sides of the 5tli segment with a short, transverse whitish

streak ; posterior margin of the 6th yellow. Connexivum beneath black, outer

and inner margins narrowly yellow ; genital plates of the ^ brown.

Length, If lines.

This species is somewliat broad for its size, has a ' squat ' appear-
ance, and is unlike any of the varieties of A. rusticus (which it I'esem-
bles only in its dullness) known to me.

I possess a single (^ example, taken by myself either at Eltham
or Bexley on 26th July, 1863.

AcocEPHALiJS POLTSTOLTJS, Fieb.

Dark or pitchy-brown, slightly shining.

Head yellow ; in front spotted with brown, the spots minute and more or less united ;
down the centre, from the base to about the middle, is a slightly elevated, very
fine brown line. Face and cheeks yellow, the former with an extremely nari'ow
dark brown or pitchy margin. Antennm : two basal joints white. Eyes
pitchy-black.

Thorax : pronotum yellow, very finely wrinkled transversely ; posterior half dark
brown. Scutellum brownish-yellow, basal angles and a central line dark brown.
Elytra dark or pitchy-brown ; corium — finely shagreened between the nerves ;
anterior margin at the base yellowish, and with two white spots of irregular
shape, placed one before and one beyond the middle ; 4th nerve with two white
spots in a line with those on the anterior margin ; apex white. Sternum yellow.
Leffs yellow ; tiiicB — 1st and 2nd pairs at the apex broadly black, 3rd brownish,
apex black ; tarsi pitchy.

Abdomen beneath pitchy-brown ; genital plates of the S pitchy-brown.

Length, 1| lines.

The white spots on tlic elytra more resemble those on A. inter-
ri/pti/s than any of the varieties of A. alhifrons, to which last insect

2GG . ['^1^'*'-

it is allied, and from whicli it may at once be separated by the gradual
tapering of its elytra from tbe base to tbe apex. In A. poJystolus
also the elytra are not so shining or transparent in appearance.

I have a single ^ , evidently taken some years ago, but unfortu-
nately without reference as to time or place of capture.

Fieber enumerates six other species, none of which seem likely to
occur here, except it be A. granulatus, Eieb., taken at Crefeld, or
A. ohtusifrons, Kirschb., from Rippoldau.
Lee : January, 1873,

NOTES ON BEITISH TORTRICES.

BY C. a. BAREETT.

(continued from p. 215.)

Ditida aifp(.stiorana,lIaw. — Professor Zeller states that this species,

which is so abundant with us, is not found in Grermany, except in the

south.

Ptycholoma Lecheana, Linn. — The very dark form of the female,
which sometimes occurs with us, seems to be unknown in Germany.

Notocelia JJdmanniana, Linn.

Pardia tripunctana, Fab.

Spilonota rohorana (Schiff.) Treitschlce. — This name is superseded
by Ur. Wocke in favor of cynoshana. Fab. (Systema Entom. 1775).

It seems, however, difficult to understand why cynoshana, Fab.,
should be adopted. Fabricius says simply " upper wings grey,
tipped with white," which would apply to twenty different species.
He also makes it synonymicwithc^nosZ*afeZ/a, Linn., which is described
as having a crested thorax, and therefore cannot be a Spilonota. The
only clue to Wocke's reason for this determination is, that cynoshatella
(ci/nosbana) is desci'ibed as feeding in rose buds, which is undoubtedly
(and unhappily) the habit of the present species.

Treitschke (1830) describes it as rohorana, and this name it seems
advisable to retain.

Spilonota roscecolana, Dbld. — Wocke admits this species into his
catalogue with (prcec. var. ?) . It certainly [s not, however, a variety
of suffusana {trimaculana, Haw.), but perfectly distinct. Hei'e, at
Norwich, where snffusana is abundant, roscecolana seems totally absent.
Indeed, I think that Wilkinson is wrong in saying that it is pretty
generally distributed over the country. I Lave only seen it from tlie
soixth of England. It always frequents rose trees, while suffusana is
most partial to hawthorn.

1873. 267

Professor Zeller writes : " I must agree to its being a good species,
" which I never saw alive, and whicli lias not yet been observed in
" Grermany."

Spilonota trimaculana, Haw. — This is snffusana of Zeller and of
Doubleday's list, and this name is also adopted by Wocke, apparently
because, although Haworth's name is much the oldest, this species is
considered to be too nearly related to Grapliolita (Steganoptyclia) tri-
maculana, Denovan, to bear the same name. I confess that this does
not appear to me sufficient reason for sinking Haworth's name.

Spilonota amoRiiana, Hiib. (248), Tr., Dup. — Wocke sinks this
name in favor of incarnatana, Hiib. (191) ; and, as that name was
adopted by Heinemann, it is probably correct ; but Hiibner's plates
appear to bear no dates. This species appears to vary according to
soil. On the rocks of the Hill of Howth, where it was common, the
sjiecimens were quite different in colour from those of the neighbouring
sand-hills and the opposite English coast ; and inland specimens appear
to be larger and more rosy.

Lithographia campoliliana (Schiff.), Tr. — Wocke corrects this to
siibocellana, Donovan (1806), this name being long anterior to that of
Treitschke, while Schiffermiiller's name is without sufficient description.

According to M. Jourdheuille, the larva feeds under leaves of
sallows, in October.

Lithographia cinerana, Haw. — Mr. Doubleday, in his list, sinks
this into a variety of the following species, as does Wocke also ; and
Professor Zeller says "I do not believe in its being distinct from
" nisella. Nisella, L., is a rarer variety connected with cinerana by
"passages." In this country we find cinerana by far the rarer
variety, but I think that it cannot be retained as a distinct species.

Lithographia nisella, Clerck. — M. Jourdheuille says that the young
larvae, after leaving the catkins of poplar and sallow, are polyphagous.

Lithographia Penhleriana, F. v. E. — According to M. Jourdheuille,
the larva of this species feeds in the catkins of alder, in March.

Phloeodes tetraquetrana, Haw.

Fhlosodes immundaiia, Y. v. E. — I once found this species swarm-
ing among some alders, in August, in a marsh. With this exception,
I always found it scarce, as Wilkinson says.

Phloeodes Demarniana, F. v. R. — According to M. Jourdheuille,
the larva of this species feeds in catkins of birch and poplar, in April.

Phloeodes crenana, Hiib.

Norwich : March, 1873.

26S C^^i'"'-

Note on Tribolium confiisnm, Duv., and Fiinns testaceus, 01. — Though these two
species have not yet been inserted in the catalogue of British Coleoptera, they have,
I think, a good claim to a place there. Duval, in describing T. cortfusum, says that it
exists in several of the French collections, but is confounded with ferriigineum, and
is, in fact, the species described by Mulsant as ferriigineum. Of Ptinus testaceus,
Boieldieu says that it inhabits temperate Em-ope, and is rather common in wheat
granaries. I have specimens of each of these species in my British collection ; but
I do not think that I captured any of them myself, so that I can give no clue to
their locality.— D. Sharp, Ecdes, Thornhill : March 11th, 1873.

[Dr. Sharp some time ago called my attention to these species, pointing out the
gradual dilatation of the antennfe towards the apex in the Tribolium, of which I
find an example mixed -viith. ferriigineum in my own collection. It is rather larger,
broader and flatter than the latter species, with the thorax more rounded at the sides
in front. The Ftinus is, I believe, the 5 sp. — ? of Mr. Waterhouse's catalogue, readily
distinguishable from P. fur by its want of any tufts of white hair in the middle of
the back of the thorax. — E. C. E.]

Curious localltg for Homalium Allardi. — To the insects mentioned at p. 8 of
the Ent. Ann. for 1873, as having occurred in association with birds, may be added
the above-named somewhat rare beetle, which (with others) I have taken in my
parrot cage, when hung outside the house in warm weather. — T. Moelet, 57, John
Street, Pendleton, Manchester : March, 1873.

[This Staphylinid seems of nomadic habits. If I remember rightly. Dr. Sharp
has taken it in the heart of London — I think in the precincts of Guy's Hospital, —
about old bones. — E. C. R.]

Clytus erythrocephalus in J£ngland. — Mr. Rye's recent note reminds me that I
took a specimen of this insect in my garden here, many years ago. As I had received
some large boxes containing skins of birds and insects from North America dm-ing
the previous winter, I thought the beetle had probably been brought over in the pupa
state in the wood of which the boxes were made. I think I gave the specimen to
the late John Curtis.— Henry Dottbleday, Epping : March 3rd, 1873.

Xote on Elater porno nce. — I thmk it desirable to note for the information of
others whose supposed exponents of this species may have been derived from the
same source as my own, that all the specimens (4 in number) bought by me of the
late Charles Turner as representing E. pomonce, and stated to have been taken by
him in the New Forest, are merely small examples of -B. Igthropterus (wliieh appears
to vary from 6j-lin. to 4i-lin.), with fulvous thoracic pubescence. The precept
" Caveat emptor" should, of course, have been borne in mind by me.

As regards the species supposed by me to be intended by the name of IS. pomonce,
I have just seen an example, dug, with others, out of a dead birch tree in Sherwood
Forest, by Mr. J. Ray Hardy. This one, a $ , agrees with another $ example,
obtained by me through Mr. E. W. Janson, in differing at once from the immaculate
form of sanguinolentus by its lesser bulk, rather less convex thorax (which is more
straightly contracted towards the front, mora finely punctured, and clothed with

.873.] 209

long and thin Hack hairs), the longer joints of its antennce, its thinner tarsi, and
somewhat flatter and more acuminate elytra. In fact, it rather more recals elon-
gatulus ; from which its slightly larger size, unicolorous and brighter red elytra, of
which the interstices are more convex, longer antennae, &c., will serre to distinguish
it. Mr. G. R. Waterhouse (Trans. Ent. Soc. 5, n.s., p. 90) originally pointed out the
\ongblack thoracic hairs of Stephen's specimen oi pomonce, and of others of his own
from the New Forest taken by Tiirner (which I have seen, and of which the males
agree with the two above mentioned), as the distinguishing character between that
species and sanguinolenttis ; and Dr. Candeze (Mon. Elat. ii, p. 445), merely referring
to a single specimen of Mr. Waterhouse's from the New Forest, is evidently somewhat
sceptical as to its specific value, and also mentions only the black hairs as separating
it from sanguinolentus. He quotes Stephen's " Man. of Brit. Coleopt. p. 179 ;"
referring to which work, I find the following description, &c. : — " Eather narrow ;
black, clothed y^'iih. fuscous pile (Stephens refers to black hairs in describing other
species) ; thorax slightly convex ; elytra blood-red, tip black, punctate-striate ;
tarsi pitchy (L. 4j — oi 1.). Darenth Wood ; Barmouth." How this is to be recon-
ciled with Candeze's " longitis nigro-pubescens, elytris immaculatis," passes my com-
prehension : nor does it appear to me safe to refer Stephens's specimen above men-
tioned to the species described in the ' Manual.' — E. C. Rye, Park Field, Putney,
S.W. : March, 1873.

JVo^e on Otiorhynchus tenebricosus.—l should be glad if any correspondent could
send me a British type ( c? if possible) of this species. None of my own somewhat
long series can, I think, be correctly referred to it. They all seem to quadrate better
with 0. lugdunensis, Boh., Schdn., Stierlin (De Marseul, Mon. Otiorhynch., L'Ab. x,
p. 147), in which there is no frontal foveola, and the male has the anal segment of
the abdomen somewhat deeply foveolate at the tip as well as rather coarsely striated.
In tenebrlcosus there appears to be a frontal foveola, and the <J has the anal segment
strongly striated, but with no fovea at the apex. De Marseul states that it is common
in the Jura, fails in Austria, and is replaced in France by lugdunensis.

It would be somewhat curious if it turn out that we have neither tenebricosus
nor fuscipes in Britain. — Id.

Notes on winter captures of Coleoptera. — An occasional spare hour or two has,
since Christmas, produced the following species, among many others, within less than
a mile and a half of Sheerness. As I do not keep a collection of Coleoptera, the
insects have been sent to my friend Mr. Champion, to whom I am indebted for the
names of most of the species.

In stack-refuse : — Falagria sulcatula, Callicerus ohscurus, Homalota orphana,
Bryaxis Waterhoiisii, Hister neglectus, Atomaria munda (by hundreds) and guita
(common), Anommatus 12-striatus, Monotonia spinicollis, rufa, and longicollis, Cor-
ticaria Wollastoni, Throscus obtiistis (not very rare), ^p/o» Schoenherri (about.twenty
specimens, many of which, unfortunately, were badly broken, possibly through having
hibernated), A. confiuens and Iceincolle, and Phyllotreta sinuata (one ^ specimen).
Trogoplilceus foveolattis, about eight specimens, in company with T. halophilus : Bagotts
JaticoUts and incevatus, in flood refuse on the banks of a brackish ditch. Syncalypta

270 f'^p"!'

Airsuta, Sharp ; a few specimens, along with Sarpahis parallelus, by shaking moss
gi'owing on a heap of sea gravel. Polystichus in abundance, by digging in the loose
clayey earth, at the bottoms of posts by the road-side.

Three days' collecting in the Chatham district, in January, February, and March
respectively, also produced a fair number of beetles, the best being as follows : —
Tracliys troglodytes, one specimen, shaken out of moss on a chalky hill-side ; the
moss from simdar places producing Mycetoporus nanus (several), and splendens,
SyncaJypta liirsuta (rarely), spinosa (in profusion), TrachypJiloeus alternans (not
rare), squamulatus and spinimamis (abundant), Tychius lineatulus, Mantura Mat-
thetvsi, &c. PediacKS dermestoides, one specimen under bark of a felled oak ; AbreBtts
fflohosus, not rare in the wet rotten wood of an old ash, in which I also found Quedins
hifuscatus ; Paromalus fiavicornis, Cerylon histeroides and J'erruyineum (both in
considerable numbers, the latter being the commoner), and Orchesia undulata, under
the loose bark of a prostrate and very rotten beech ; Asclera ccerulea, in quantity, in
a very large old decayed stem of ivy ; Tomictis Saxeseni, a few in a sound oak log ;
Platynaspis villosa, two or three hibernating in a fungoid growth on a small dead
beech tree.

At Iwade, at the end of January, I met with Crepidodera puhescens in some
numbers, in a very limited quantity of flood-refuse on the banks of a small stream.
— James J. Walkee, 7, West Street, Blue Town, Sheerness : March Wth, 1873.

Notes on rare British Coleoptera from the Manchester district. — I have obtained
the following species from the neighbourhood of Manchester : —

Monohammus sartor ; one, bred by me from a larva found feeding in American
spruce. M. sutor ; one, given to me alive by Mr. M. Ward, by a friend of whom it
was taken at rest on one of the pine supports of a coal mine near Dukinfield. M.
dentator ; an example of this North American species, which has on several occasions
been taken in England, was given to me by a friend, who took it amongst American
pine logs in the wharf of the Bridgewater Trust. Donacia olscura and crassipes,
Athous rho7nbeus, JEuglenes oculattis, Dorcatoma chrysoinelina and Phloeotrya
Stephensi, Cheshire ; Otiorhynchus maurus and Aphodius foetidus, Staly brushes. —
Joseph Chappell, 1, Naylor Street, Hulme, Manchester : February, 1873. ■

Note on Apatura Iris and A. Ilia. — I am not surprised to see Mr. Doubleday
again in the field in defence of the European "species" of Lepidoptera ; but I am
surprised that he should speak of " the Asiatic form of A. Ilia," seeing there are
two very difPerent forms in Japan alone, one of them exactly like the European type,
the other, A. Sere, Felder, more like Mr. Tritton's insect.

Wlien Mr. Doubleday says that A. Ilia never feeds on oak, he of course makes
a mental reservation in favour of Mr. Tritton's specimen, found " in the larva state,
upon the oak." That an unusual food-plant does in some circumstances affect the
character of the imago seems pretty evident. Darwin says (Variation of animals
and plants, vol. ii, p. 280) : " it is well known that caterpillars fed on different food,
sometimes either themselves acquire a different colour or produce moths different in
colour." That this is not mere assertion, may be seen by Michely's experiments
(Bull. Soc. Imp. d'Acclimat. viii, p. 563), as also by those of Mr. Qregson in the
cvisu oi Abraxas grossulariata {¥voc. lS.Mi. &00., January 6th, 1862), confii*med by

1373.] 271

Mr. Greening (Proc. Northern Ent. Soo., July 28th, 1862). For analogous facts in
Symenoptera, see Westwood (Modern Class. Ins., vol. ii, p. 98) ; also Dr. L. Moller
(Die Abliangigkeit der Insecten, 1867, p. 70).

That difference of food-plants, and not the soil these grow in, is the cause of
some of these variations, I have myself proved in the case of Odonestis potatoria ;
young larvae of which were sent to me from Brighton by my friend Mr. Herbert
Cross, and produced the same varieties when similarly fed both at Brighton and
South Kensington.

I still think Sir. Hammond's suggestion worth following up ; let young larvoe
or eggs of A. Iris be placed upon oak leaves, and if the caterpillars refuse them, this
one fact will be worth a host of suppositions. I have known some caterpillars in
straits to eat almost anything. — A. G-. Butleb, 17, Oxford Eoad, Ealing : March
3rd, 1873.

[The following passages occur in the account given by the supposed breeder of
the specimen of A. Ilia : —

" I have no recollection what the chrysalis was like."

" The butterfly did not come out of the chrysalis for so long that I thought it
was dead."

Now, the writer of the above quoted remarks looked daily at his Ilia chrysalis
for several weeks, wondering why the butterfly did not emerge, and yet has no
recollection what the chrysalis was like. One would have thought that any one
who had such a curious chrysalis under such circumstances, could have made a
sketch of it from memory, even after an interval of twenty years. Spiritualists and
others, ready to accept any statement, however improbable, may believe the tale ;
we candidly confess that we do not. — Eds.].

list of the species of Lepidoptera first discovered in Britain hy the late Mr.
J. C. Dale. — He.^yeria Actceon, Esp. ; August 15th, 1832 ; Lulworth. Lcelia ccenosa,
Hb. ; July 26th, 1819 ; Whittlesea Mere. Psyche nigricans, Curtis ; June 18th,
1824 ; West Parley. Celcena Eatoorthi, Curtis ; July 23rd, 1819 ; Trundle Mere.
Leucania littoralis, Curtis ; July 8th, 1824 ; Mount Misery. Boarmia cinctaria,
W.Y. ; June 2nd, 1823 ; Brockenhurst. Fidonia brunneata, Steph. ; July 8th, 1825 ;
Dunkeld. Carsia imltitata, Hiibn. ; August 8th, 1825 ; Loch Katrine. Acidalia
straminafa,Tv.; July 81st, 1820 ; Parley Heath. Stenia punctalis, W.Y.; July 6th,
1822 ; Weymouth. Scoparia Daleana ; August 8th, 1825 ; Rannoch. S. alpina,
Dale ; July 11th, 1825 ; SchehaUion. S. ulmella. Dale ; July 13th, 1844 ; Bordean.
Crambus latistrins. Haw. ; July 3rd, 1821 ; Parley Heath. C. furcatellus, Zett. ;
July 19th, 1825 ; Ben Lawers. C. Warringtonellus, Staint. ; July 3rd, 1835 ; Bear
Wood. C. nliyinoselluSfZ.; June 25th, 1815 ; Grianvilles' Wootton. Retinia sylves-
trana, Cuvtis ; August 12th, 1845; Parley Heath. Cerostoma asperella, L. ; Sep-
tember 8th, 1815 ; G-lanvilles' Wootton. Acrolepia betuletella, Curtis ; August 4th,
1837 ; Castle Eden Dene. Gracilaria imperialella, Mann ; May 25th, 1840 ;
GlanviUes' Wootton. Coleophora Frischella, L. : July 11th, 1831 ; Portland.
Asychna terminella, Westw. ; June 8th, 1836 ; GlanviUes' Wootton. Pterophorut
similidactylus. Dale ; Jidy 26th, 1830 ; G-lanvilles' Wootton. 24 species in all. —
C. W. Dale, Glanvilles' Wootton : February 5th, 1873.

272 • [^^r"!'

Chcerocampa Celerio at Cromer. — A few days ago, some insects captured last
autumn, by a lady, at Cromer, were brought to me for names ; among them were
four specimens of C. Celerio, but in wretched condition. The same lady took, also
at Cromer, a specimen of Vanessa Antiopa. — W. H. Haewood, Colchest«r :
January, 1873.

Descrij)tlon of the larva of Anisopteryx cescularia. — On the 3rd of April last,
I received from Mr. W. J. Skelton, of Faversham, eggs of this species. Some of
the young larvae had emerged on the way, and the remainder of the eggs hatched
immediately. The larvse grew rapidly on hawthorn, and by the middle of May
were going down. The fidl-gi-own caterpillar may be described as follows : — Length
about an inch, slender, cylindrical, and of uniform width throughout ; head glo-
bular, shghtly broader than the second segment ; skin soft and smooth. Ground
colour bright green, strongly tinged with yellow ; head uniformly green. A dark
green line, very narrowly edged with grey, forms the dorsal stripe ; the sub-dorsal
and spiracular lines greyish-white ; and between the sub-dorsal and spiracular lines
is a very fine pale grey line. The segmental divisions yellow, and the spiracles black.
Ventral surface uniformly bright green, with the segmental divisions yellow.

By the end of May all the larvae had gone down, and the imagos from them are
now emerging ; nineteen males had emerged when the first female put in an appear-
ance.— Geo. T. PoEEiTT, Huddersfield : March Wth, 1873.

Occurrence in Britain of Halonota grandcevana, Zeller.- — The fortunate captor
of this fine species is Mr. C. Bales, of South Shields, who took a single specimen on
July 6th, 1872, flying over " ballast heaps " near that place. It is a small, pale
variety of the species, being only one inch in expanse, and having the markings
obsolete, except a faint indication of the outer edge of the basal blotch. The brown
dots along the costal and hind margins are, however, rather distinct. Mr. Bales
tells me that when flying it bore a close resemblance to Tortrix icterana, for which
he at first took it. I have submitted it to Professor Zeller, to whom I am indebted
for its name, and also for fine and well-marked specimens from the Alps, from which
the following description has been taken : —

Halonota geand^vana, Zeller. — Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen pale
browuish-gtey, antennfe brown, eyes black ; fore-wings broad, ashy, miich irrorated
with minute, pale brown streaks and "dots ; markings, when present, very pale brown,
consisting of the strongly angulated outer edge of the usual basal blotch, and a
narrow, broken, oblique central fascia, interrupted above the inner margin ; costal
and hinder margins spotted with pale brown, cilia ashy ; hind-wings pale grey,
darker at the apex, cilia whitish. Alar. exp. 1 — 1^ in.

It seems to be a widely distributed species, occurring in Northern and Western
Germany, and on the shores of the Baltic. Its larva feeds in the roots of Fetasitis
albus and Tiissilago farfara, and probably also in those of Fetasitis vulgaris.

Wocke places this species in a separate section of his genus Grapholitha, the
nearest British species being Mixodia Hawkerana on one hand, and Catoptria
expallidana on the other. It is, however, in spite of its broad wings, closely allied
to Halonota turhidana and inopiana, near which it is placed by Heinemann. —
Chas. G. Baerett, Norwich : March, 1873.

1873.] 273

Dragon-flies at sea. — The very wide distribution of many species of Dragon-{lie8
is well known to all who hare given their attention to those insects, and is hardly
to be wondered at, considering the great development of the wing-muscles and the
strength of the nervures. Yet, on the other hand, many species with all the external
attributes of physical strength, appear to be extremely local ; and one is tempted to
believe that an imperious migratory instinct has often more to do with the geogra-
phical range of some species, than mere power of wing. The species with the widest
distribution is undoubtedly Paniala flavescens, Fab., which is found over the greater
part of the globe, excepting in Europe (for we cannot but regard its reported occur-
rence in England* otherwise than as accidental, or based on mistaken evidence). The
next most widely spread species is TJiolymis Tillarga, Fab., which is found in all
tropical and siib-tropical Asia, Australia, and Africa, in the islands of the Pacific,
and even in Chili. In part of April and May, 1856, I observed numbers of these at
sea during a protracted calm in the lower part of the China Sea. They did not
settle on the ship, but flew leisurely at some little height over the surface of the
water, apparently as much at home as if hawking over the paddy-flelds of the adja-
cent islands. One specimen then caught is still in my collection. No doubt they
were taking advantage of a (to them) congenial atmospheric condition, in order to
make an over-sea journey. It would not be unnatural to suppose that the rivers of
the country where they had been bred were dried up by the excessive heat, and that
they were seeking localities favoiu-able for the development of their future progeny ;
but this must not be taken for granted, because the familiar Libellula quadrimaculata
of the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere is a notorious wanderer, with-
out the excuse of a drought. — E.. McLachlan, Lewisham : March, 1873.

On mounting small insects for microscopic ohservation. — Something has lately
been said upon the subject of mounting insects ; the following plan will prove
a good one for the smaller Diptera : — Take an ordinary microscope slide and fasten
to it three vulcanite rings for cells (these are cheap, and easily procured), in each of
which a Dipteron shoxild be set out ; as soon as it is killed, fasten its body to the
glass in the centre of the cell, by gum or cement, then put out the legs, and when
these are dry, set the wings, taking care to use as little gum as possible ; then fasten
a circular talc or very fine glass lid to the cell, label it, and the specimen is complete.
Each slide should represent one sex of a species ; one with the back upwards, a
second with the legs towards you, and a third dissected. Such a collection is
cheaply preserved, takes little space, and is at once available for the microscope.
I have tried the plan with Aphides and minute Diptera, and it seems to me that
the lesser StaphylinidcB might also be advantageously mounted in the same manner.
— E. C. R. Jordan, 35, Harborne Eoad, Edgbaston, Birmingham : Feb. IQth, 1873.

The Zoological Record. — The appearance of the volume for 1872 has been
vexatiously delayed, owing to the Eecorder of the lower animals having failed to
fulfil his engagements. We are happy to announce, however, that the Committee
have resolved not to wait for him, but to bring out the other parts at once ; and
before this number of the Magazine is published, these wUl be in the hands of the

* A specimen (described as Libellula Sparshalli) is supposed to have been taken in Horning
Fen.— R. McL.

274 [April,

Members and Subscribers of the Zoological Eecord Association. The Insecta, as
usual, occupy much space, and the recorded notes on the publications on that division
of Zoology in 1871 amount to 234 pages. Entomological students are certainly not
diminishing in number. New Subscribers shoiild at once forward their Subscription
(£1) to Mr. H. T. Stainton, Mountsfield, Lewisham, London, S.E.— Eds.

Entomological Society of London, \*7th February, 1873. — Prof. Westwood,
President, in the Chair.

A. E. Hudd, Esq. (formerly a Subscriber) was elected an Ordinary Member,
and Dr. H. Burmeistcr a Foreign Member.

Mr. Bond exhibited long series of bred specimens of Acronycta psi and tridens,
with preserved larvae of the two species. The tridens had all been reared from pear.
He remarked that the dark specimens so often occurring in A. psi were never repre-
sented in tridens, and that the latter always possessed a pinkish tint in fine fresh
bred specimens, which, however, was very evanescent.

Mr. Miiller exhibited the egg-case of some species of Mantidce, and a case of a
species of PsychidcB formed of pieces of twig arranged spirally ; these had been sent
from India by Mr. Eothney.

Prof. Westwood exliibited two dipterous larvse discharged by a woman in a clot
of phlegm. They appeared to belong to Psila rosce, which is known to feed upon
carrots, and he suggested, when they were submitted to him, that the person had
possibly been eating raw carrots, which, upon enquiry, was found to be probably
the case. These larvae had lived for three days in alcohol. He also exhibited
tubercles on vine-stems, probably formed by a beetle of the genus Otiorhynchus.
Mr. Miiller remarked that Mr. Eiley had recorded a similar habit in an American
beetle {Baridius Sesostris, Lee). Prof Westwood further exhibited roots of vine
dilated and constricted in a joint-like manner, which he thought was probably owing
to former attacks of Phylloxera.

Mr. Briggs exhibited parallel series of the large and small form of Anaitis
plagiata ; both had been taken in Tilgate Forest in June in separate years, which
proved that the small form was not a second brood as commonly supposed.

Mr. H. W. Bates read a paper on the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Ho
described or enumerated 241 species, whereof 118 were new and chiefly collected by
Mr. Greorge Lewis. Nine genera were peculiar to Japan ; 44 genera were common
to Japan and Western Europe ; 52 European genera were not found in Japan, and
38 from Japan were not found in Europe. One genus had only previously been
known from North America.

Mr. Miiller read a list of entomological works and papers published up to the
year 1862, no notice of which was to be found in Dr. Hagen's ' Bibliotheca Entomo-
logica ; ' he expressed a wish that other Entomologists would, in like manner, make
known any similar omissions that might be detected by them.

Mr. Smith read a translation of Prof. Siebold's paper on the salivary glands of
the Honey-Bee. Prof. Siebold had obtained honey by feeding bees upon malt. Mr.
Smith further read a list of the T'espidcB and A2ndee occurring in Japan, chiefly
from materials collected by Mr. G. Lewis and his native assistant ; of 73 species, 49
were previously unknown. He remarked that the distinctness of his Apis nigro-
cincta troin A. mellijica, recently questioned by Dr. Gerstiicker, had been abundantly
confirmed by the discovery of a queen of A. nigrocincta.

1373.] 275

3rd March, 1873. — Prof. Westvvood, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Noah Greening and Mr. Edward Charles Buxton -were elected Ordinary
r^Iembers.

Mr. Howard Vaughan exhibited a box containing about 200 specimens of Japanese
Lepidoptera, collected by Mr. Henry Pryer near Yokohama. Several appeared to be
new species and some very closely resembled common British species.

The President remarked that Mr. Higgins had shown him a specimen of a
Cremastochilus from Japan, which was identical with a species taken by Mr. Lord
on the West Coast of North America.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited some insects bearing a striking resemblance to each
other, although belonging to different Orders. Thus, ^xiglossa dimidiata and
another Euglossa, a genus of bees, had a striking resemblance to two species of the
dipterous genus Asilus from South America ; also Abispa splendida, one of the
VespidcB, and an insect of the dipterous genus Laphria, both from New Holland ;
also a bee of the genus Megacliile and one of the Asilidce. With regard to the
last-mentioned insects, Mr. Smith noticed that the Asilus not only resembled the
bee in general appearance, but also was furnished on the under-side with a brush,
in the same manner as in MegacMle, although it was not apparent for what purpose
the insect required it. The President remarked that, when he was at Casa Brucciata,
near Ancona, he observed several insects of the genus Osmia extracting the black
pollen from poppies ; and on the sandy shore he noticed the same insects collecting
sand on their ventral brushes. He therefore concluded that the brushes were used,
not only for collecting pollen, but also for collecting grains of sand to carry to the
nests which he observed them in the act of constructing on walls.

Mr. Champion exhibited Bagous hrevis, Schon., an insect new to the British
fauna, taken by Dr. Power (see p. 242 of the present Vol.) .

Mr. Miiller directed attention to an article in the ' Potites Nouvelles,' explaining
a method of obtaining the silk from cocoons which had been broken through by the
insects, and that the silk so obtained from the damaged cocoons was equal in quality
to that obtained from the perfect cocoons, and did not require to be carded.

The President remarked that the library at Oxford had lately been much in-
fested with Anthreni ; and he was glad to observe that there was a paper by Dr.
Emery, in the ' Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana,' on a new method of
preserving collections from their ravages.

\^th March, 1873. — Prof. Westwood, President, hi the Chau\

M. Ernest Olivier, of Moiihns (France), grandson of the old Froncli entomolo-
gist of the same name, was elected a Foreign Member.

Prof. Westwood exhibited an exceedingly rare species of Pa ((mms, from Abys-
sinia.

Mr. Smith exhibited a fiu-ther collection of Formicidce collected by Mr. Eothney,
chiefly in the immediate vicinity of Culcutta. The collection was in beautiful con-
dition, and Mr. Smith paid a high compliment to the industry and intelligence ex-
hibited by Mr. Eothney in his researches in this department of entomology.
Connected with Mr. Rothney's collection, Mr. Smith made another exhibition of
what were apparently three examples of the Ant Sima rufogriseum placed side by

276 f April, 1873.

side, but the middle specimen was in reality a spider of the genus Salticus, having
its anterior legs purposely removed, and then presenting a -wonderful resemblance to
the Ant, wliieh, like it, inhabits trees.

Mr. Cole exhibited a series of magnificent species of Bomhycidce sent from
Natal by Dr. Seaman.

Mr. Bates said that Mr. Darwin had put to him a question affecting the theory
of sexual differences in the eye-like spots on butterflies. Mr. Weir considered that
the number of these spots on the under-side of Pararge Hyperanthus were more nu-
merous in the $ than in the $ , and Mr. Butler thought that differences of this kind
existed in the genus Drusillus.

Mr. Bates read a paper on the Greodephaga of China, complementary to that re-
cently read by him on the Japanese species of the group. Many of the species were
collected by Mr. G-eorge Lewis at Kewkiang, in North China, and five-sixths of these
occurred also in Japan.

Mr. Dunning read a further note on Ati-opos pulsatoria, with reference to Dr.
Ilagen and Mr. W. Arnold Lewis. Mr. Dunning said that he had been sanguine
enough to expect that when he had pointed out Mr. Lewis' mis-statement in the charge
made by him against Dr. Hagen, it would have been at once withdrawn. However,
instead of this having been done, Mr. Lewis had repeated his charge, and stated that
the difference between Mr. Dunning and him was only one of words. Mr. Diu\ning
said, as this was Mr. Lewis' understanding of what he had written, he was not sur-
prised that Mr. Lewis had misrepresented Dr. Ilagen, and that Mr. Lewis must enter-
tain a very low estimate of the intelligence of entomologists, if he thought they would
be convinced by such a verbal quibble. Mr. Lewis had brought fresh charges
against Dr. Ilagen with reference to Tennes fatidicum, but Mr. Dunning said he had
not previously alluded to this ease, and that it was as if Mr. Lewis, in prosecuting
a man for bigamy, had said in reply to the defence, that at any rate he had been
guilty of forgery. Mr. Dunning declined to go into this matter, and concluded by
paying a high compliment to the laboui's of the distinguished entomologist who
had been thus maligned by Mr. Lewis.

Prof. Westwood, in asking the Meeting to return a vote of thanks to Mr.
Dunning, said it was like breaking a fly upon the wheel, and he was sure that Dr.
Ilagen wovdd have the good sense not to feel serious annoyance at the silly attack
Mr. Lewis had thought proper to make upon him.

Mr. Miiller made some remarks with reference to a beetle {ArcBOcerus coffete),
which he had taken alive in 1862, at Basle, while watching the unpacking of a bale
of coffee from Java. He had lately received a letter from a friend at Basle, stating
that he could now take any quantity of the species in that town. He thought this
fact showed how insects living on merchandize are spread along the main trade
routes, and become gradually acclimatized — Basle being one of the chief continental
markets for storing foreign merchandize.

Mr. Miiller also stated that a case of ground nuts (Arachis hypogaa) arrived
in London in the summer of 1863, from Sierra Leone, and that the husks were
riddled, and the kernels half eaten, by myriads of larvae and perfect insects of
Tribolium femgineum, accompanied by the corresponding stages of a species of
Rhizophagus, preying on the former. The cargo was allowed to remain during
the months of August, September, and October, the whole being rendered worthless
through the delay and ignorance of the owner.

May, 18730 277

On the PECTINICORN COLEOPTERA OF JAPAN, with DESCRIPTIONS
OF THREE NEW SPECIES.

BT CHAS. O. WATEEHOTJSE.

The following species have already been recorded from Japan : —
Litcanus maculifemoratus, Motsch., Cladognathus inclinatus, Motsch.,
Clad. Motschidshyi, C. "Waterh., Eurytrachelus platymelus, Saund.,
Macrodorcas niponensis, VoU. (M. rectus and M. rugipennls,? Mots.),
M. crihellatus, Motsch., M. striatipennis, Motsch., M. opacus, C. Waterh.

To these must be added the following new species of ^yus, of
which several specimens were brought from Japan by Mr. G-. Lewis.

^GUS STJBNITIDUS, Sp. nOV.

^ (var. minor ?). Niger, suhiiitidus, suh-depressus, mandibulis
arcuatis, cylindricis, ad basin dente acufo ahrupte armatis ; capite fere
ut in j3S. IcBvicoUe ; thorace iiitido, supra parcius (Jatera versus dense et
fortiter) punctato ; elytris nitidis, fortiter crenato-striatis, interstitiis 3,
5, 7 sat dense pitnctatis, suturd interstitiisque 1, 2, 4, 6 parcius et sub-
tiliter punctulatis ; later ibus dense et fortiter punctatis.

Long, cum mandib. 8 lin.

Closely allied to M. Formoscd, Bates, but distinguished by the lesser
punctuation (when comparing specimens of about the same size), and
cylindrical mandibles, which are not gradually dilated into a triangular
tooth at the base, but have an abrupt, sharp tooth.

I can find no satisfactory character whereby to distinguish the
$ from that of u3S. Icevicollis.

The two following species of Figulus also appear to be unde-
scribed :

Figulus binodulus, sp. nov.

Elongate, parallel, slightly convex, black. Head slightly concave above ; an-
terior margin nearly straight, gently emarginate at the base of each mandible ; the
clypeus obtusely bidentate. The side of the head between the outer base of the
mandible and the canthus of the eye is in the direction of an angle of 45° with the
anterior margin, and is slightly emarginate ; canthus rounded, depressed ; the head
broadest in a line with the front of the eyes, contracted behind ; the upper surface
with a few punctures on the forehead, moderately closely and strongly punctured on
the canthus and about the eyes. The mandibles are short and strong, when closed
they interlock for about half their length. Thorax a little broader than long, rather
broader than the head, the sides parallel, anteriorly cut out to receive the head, the
anterior angles rather prominent and rounded, the posterior angle broadly rounded ;
the siu'face impunctate, with the exception of a strongly punctured furrow in the
middle, and some irregular larger punctures towards the sides, the sides very deli-
cately and sparingly punctured ; the anterior margin is furnished in the middle with

278 [May,

a single tubercle directed forwards. Elytra scarcely as broad as the thorax, a little
longer than the thorax, head and mandibles together ; the five dorsal strise are deep,
and not visibly punctured, the sixth is slightly punctured, and the seventh more
distinctly, the eighth and ninth are composed of not very deep punctures ; the dorsal
interstices are gently convex. Length, 6^ lin. (13 mill.) ; width, 2 lin.

Sah. : S. Japau. CoU. Lewis and BritisTi Museum.

Variety, immature. A Bpecimeu Las the three outer strise of the
elytra composed only of punctures. Length, 6f lin.

FlGULUS PUNCTATUS, Sp. nOV.
Head concave above, thickly and strongly punctured, the anterior margin is
emarginate between the mandibles, the clypeus is almost imperceptibly bidentate ;
the side between the outer base of the mandible and the canthus of the eye is slightly
oblique and very slightly emarginate (not nearly so oblique as in the former species);
the canthus is narrow, with a very slightly prominent obtuse angle (nearly a rectangle)
in front ; vei-y gently curved, terminating posteriorly in an obtuse angle, longitudi-
nally canaliculate between the eye and the outer margin, which is thickened. The
head is broadest in a line with the back of the eyes. The mandibles are curved and
acuminate, with a smgle tooth in the middle on the inner side. The thorax is
broader than the head, rather broader than long, with a broad, strongly punctured
furrow in the middle, on each side of which the sui-face is sparingly and thickly pimc-
tured, towards the sides it is strongly and thickly punctured ; there is a distinct
tubercle on the anterior margin ; this margin is gently emarginate to receive the
head, the anterior angles are evenly rounded, the sides are sub-parallel, the posterior
angles are broadly rounded. The elytra are the same width as the thorax, and have
the five dorsal striae deep and only the fifth scarcely visibly punctured, the sixth to
the ninth are distinctly and strongly punctured, becoming less deep towards the
margins ; the dorsal interstices are scarcely convex, and are impunctate. The sides
of the thorax and the shoidders of the elytra are minutely crenulate.

Length, 5 lin. ; width, 1| lin.

Sab. : S. Japan. Coll. Lewis and Brit. Mus.

British Museum : March 21st, 1873.

ON A NEW COLEOPTEROUS GENUS FROM JAPAN.
by t. veenon wollastojf, m.a., p.l.s.

Fam. COEYLOPHIDtE ?.

Genus Aphakocephalus.

Corpus Bub-rotundatum, hemisphaericum, convexum, nitidum, supra calvum,
Bubtus remote et parce sericatum : prothorace sub-semicirculari, postice latitudine
elytrorum ad basin, angTilis posticis leviter productis acutis, antice vix excavato sed
truncato et paidulum elevato (caput parvum sub-perpendiculare fere tegente), ad
latcra anguste sed distincte marginato ; ecutello magno, triaiigulari : elytris apice

1878.] 279

integi'is, pygidium tegentibus, ad latera grosse inoraasato-marginatis : alia araplis :
prosterno inter coxas anticas obtuse declivi ; mcsosterno autice in medio rotundate
producto sed vix lobato ; metasterno magno, convexo, antice recto sed postice arcua-
tini truncato ; abdomine e scgmentia 5 composite, 1''^° magno, 2^0^ 3tio^ 4toque bre-
TibuSjtransversiSjaequalibus. Antennoe (prothorace hand longiores) lO-articulatse, valde
et subito clavatfE, articulo 1™° magno elongate clavato, 2^0 miilto minore subovali,
3tio (elongato) #0 et 5to gracilibus, longitudine decrescentibus, 6*° 7™° et S'^o gra-
datim subglobosis, 9no et lO^iio clavam magnam abruptam solidisslmam (vix pcrspicue
divisam) ovalem sed antice truncatam efficientibus. Labrum coriaceum, sub-qua-
dratum, antice integrum ac breviter parceque ciliatum. Mandibula; sub-triangulares,
apicem versus valde incurvse acutissima; et profunde bifidae, atque mox intra apicem
denticulo minuto brevi instructs, dein (longe infi-a hoc) denticulo altero elongato
gracili incurvo (apice bifido) auctse, et inde (in emarginatione interna) mem-
brana densissime ac minutissime pectinato-fimbriata repletfe. Maxillae bilobae,
inarmatse ; lobo externo elongato, subrecto, apice dense pilose ; interno breviore
sed subrecto, anguste, dense barbate. Palpi maxillares articulo 1™° minuto, 2^0 max-
irao inflate, 3tio paulo angustiore brevissimo transverse, ultimo elongato fusiform!
basi truncate (antice sub-attenuate) ; labiales articulo 1™° minute, 2do magno inflate,
ultimo fusiformi basi truncate. Ligula sub-quadrata, apice membranacea Integra et
ctiam sub-rotundata (nullo mode emarginata), postice magis coriacea. Mentum
(nisi fallor) valde membranaceum. Pedes sub-contractiles, sub-graciles, antici parum
late, intermedii latius, postici latissime distantes ; tibiis elengatis, gracilibus, inar-
matis ; tarsis (ut mihi videtur) vere 3-articulatis, articulis 1™° et 2do sub-sequalibus
subtus paulo productis ac longe pubescentibus, sed baud bilobis, 3tio elongate, un-
guiculis maguis simplicibus munite.

Ab "Aphaiies," e visu absconditus, et " Cephale," caput.

The aiEnities of this curious genus, which is founded on a
email insect captured by Mr. Gr. Lewis in the Japanese Archi-
pelago, are extremely difficult ; for, whilst it possesses some of the
characters of the Coccinellidce and others of the Endomychidce, its
freedom, from a securiform last joint to its maxillary palpi would (even
alone) seem to remove it from the former, whikt the fact of its feet
being composed (as it appears to me) of only three articulations (for
I can detect no trace of a minute third one in the central region of
the second), debars it equally from them both. On the whole, taking
into account the reduced number of its antennal joints (which, at the
utmost, cannot be regarded as more than ten), its hemispherical out-
line, and the significant shape of its peculiarly coloured prothorax,
which is nearly entire in front, almost concealing from view the small
and sub-perpendicular, or dependent, head, and has the posterior angles
rather acutely produced, as well as the proportions of its uuder-
segments audits largely-developed scutellum and wings, I am inclined
to believe that it will be more natural to treat it as a gigantic and
aberrant member of the Corylophidcd ; though at the same time I am

2S0 [M'ly.

fully aware that in its maxillae being distinctly bilobed, and its feet
(as I cannot but tbink) strictly trimerous, it is removed in two very
important particulars from tbe members of tbat family. Still, tarsal
joints are so apt to be difficult, occasionally, of precise determination,
tbat it is not impossible tbat I may be mistaken in defining them in
this instance as positively only tbree in number, and tbat an exces-
sively diminutive articulation may be concealed at tbe base of tbe
elongated terminal one ; in wbicb case one at all events of tbe points
in wbicb it disagrees witb tbe Corylophidce would be taken away.

In many of its secondary details, Aphanocephalus is sufficiently
in barmony witb certain of tbe types around Coryloplms, — sucb, for
instance, as tbe somewhat inflated second joint, and the fusiform
ultimate one, of its maxillary and labial palpi, as well as its uue-
marginated ligula and upper lip ; but in tbe vinusually abbreviated
third joint of its maxillary palpi it is singular ; and its mandibles
(which are deeply bifid at their tip, and have a minute denticle im-
mediately within the apex) are remarkable for being furnished with a
eharj), incurved, and minutely cleft additional tooth, considerably
below the denticle to which I have just alluded, and at the commence-
ment of the membranaceous portion which fills up the large internal
cavity. In its antennae, only nine articulations can be distinctly
counted (a number which, no less than that of ten, is quite in keeping
with certain groups of the Corylophidce) ; but it is evident that their
extremely solid and abrupt club is in reality made up of (at all
events) two, and that they should more properly therefore be defined
as 10-jointed ; and the coarse margin of its elytra, in conjunction
with the narrower one of its prothorax, gives the genus an additional
feature which ought not to be overlooked.

The only family (witb the exception of the TrichopterygidcB) in
which, so far as I am aware, the feet are strictly 3-articulate is tbe
Lathridiadce ; but it would be almost preposterous to suppose that
Aphanocephalus can have anything in common, beyond the abnormal
number of its tarsi joints, with the members of that department : and
yet a few of its other peculiarities Kkewise, moi'e particularly as re-
gards the construction of its antennae and capitulum, are by no means
distantly paralleled in (for instance) the genus Cholovocera.

Aphanocephalus hemisphjekicus, n. sp.

A. sub-rotundatu8, hemisphiEricus, niticlus, supra convcxus calvus et seneo-viridi-
thictus, sed subtus minutiBsinie parceque sericatus ac rufo-piceus ; capite parvo, sub-
perpendieulari (fere c visu absoondito), piceo-ferruginco ; prolhorace elytrisque ad

is:3.] 281

juncturam latitiidine sequalibus, subtilissime leviBsimeque punctulatis, illo sub-
semicirciilari angulis posticis acute leviter productis, ad latera (anguste marginata)
et autice gradatim suffuse fevrugineo, liis ad latera crassins marginatis ; antennis
pedibusque infuscate testaceis. Long. corp. lin. circa IJ.

Hahitat insulas Japouicas, prjEcipue sub foliis dejectis a Dora. G. Lewis repertue.

Teignmouth : April, 1873.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE LIST OF BRITISH
SYRPHID^.

("concluded from p. 256.)

BY G. U. VEEEALL.

11. MELANOSTOilA QTTADEmACULATrM, Sp. U.

(J $ . Xigra, ociilis hirtulis ; fronte epistomateqne latis ; antennis nigro-piceis ;
scutello hriDineo, abdomine vel maculis quatuor Jlavis {$) ornato vel toto nigro ($) ;
pedibiis nigro-piceis. Jjoyig. 85 — 4i lin.

$ . Eyes rather hairy ; the black pimctulate frons and epistoma are wide, the
middle knob of the latter shining, they are clothed with abundant erect black hairs,
slightly longest on the frons, and leaving the middle of the epistoma bare ; the face
is rather descending, the eyes extending downwards much less than usual, leaving
the cheeks imusaUy broad ; in profile, the frons appears inflated, the epistoma
descending straight to the slight, but distinct middle knob ; the wide cheeks are
clothed with black hairs, but the cilia round the back of the head are pale yellow ;
thers is a bare-looking space on the lower half between the back of the head and the
eyes, which, however, in another light, is seen to be clothed with numerous short
black hairs ; the vertex is clothed with rather long black hairs, yellow behind on
the occiput ; the antennaj are pitchy-black, the third joint often with a brownish
reflection, the arista bare.

Thorax dull black, faintly punctate, clothed with a long, tolerably abundant
pubescence, except on the fore part (this pubescence is generally all pale yellowish
except just about the base of the wings, but smaller specimens frequently have the
pubescence nearly all black ; on the breast-sides it is long, shaggy, and black) ; the
Bcutelliun is brownish, rather dull, with an extra long yellow pubescence round the
edge, more whitish on the disc ; alulffl pale yellow, their edges and the knob of the
halteres yellow. Abdomeia rather dull bluish-black, rough but scarcely punctate ;
near the basal corners of the third and fourth segments are elongate yellow spots
not touching the fore margin, and only indistinctly, if at all, connected with the
edge ; the hind margins of the fourth and fifth segments are obscurely reddish ;
the pubescence round the edge is all long, black, except at the base of the third,
fourth, and fifth segments, where it is yellow, on the disc are scattered yellowish
hairs ; the genitalia are black and rounded, with black pubescence ; belly dull
blackish, the spots shining through obsciu-ely. Legs pitchy-black, front tibice very
slightly brownish ; pubescence on the front femora long, abundant, black at the tip,
yellowish about the base, on the middle pair not quite so abundant, and on the hind
pair there is a slighter yellowish pubescence in front near the base, and a short.

282 [May,

inconspicuous, mostly black pubescence on the rest ; the short pubescence on the
front tibine is often conspicuously yellowish down the inside and on the basal joints
of the tarsi ; the hind tibise are thin at the base and rather bent just below the
middle, hind tarsi long and thin. Wings distinctly tinged with grey, stigma
brownish, conspicuous.

? . All black ; frons broad, its pubescence short, black and abundant, the
extreme margins of tlie antennal space are luteous ; cheeks with grey tomentum
and pubescence, the cilia on the back of the head grey, almost whitish above and at
tlie back of the vertex ; thorax and scutellum with rather abundant pale greyish-
yellow pubescence, the tuft on the breast-sides also greyish-yellow ; the scutellum
with a distinct yellowish hue on the disc ; alulae and haltercs paler than on the
male. Abdomen shining black, or blackish-brown, rather coarsely but sparingly
punctate, the hind margin of the fourth and fifth segments slightly reddish ; the
pubescence not scarce, but fine, all pale, except at the end of the third segment, on
the hinder half of the fourth, and on all the fifth except the basal corners ; in some
lights thei'e appears a trace of pale tomentum near the basal corners of the third
and fourth segments, where the yellow spots are in the male, and I have found in
one case these spots faintly visible ; the legs are coloured as in the male, their
pubescence is almost as abundant, but all the long hairs are pale ; the ovipositor is
somewhat conspicuous.

This species must be ratlicr common in Scotland, as I have seen
a large series captured by Dr. Buchanan AVhite (whom I have to
thank for my specimens) at Kinuoull on March 25th, 1871, and
another large series caught by him at Braemar in May, 1871. The
two specimens belonging to Mr. B. Cooke which I originally called M.
harbifi'ons, are, I expect, from one of the northern English counties.
I originally considered this species to represent Fallen's Scceva barbi-
frons, and I think it is still open to doubt, as in Fallen's description
the only point distinctly opposed to this species is " oculi tamen nudi,"
and on the other hand " macula in segmento 3 et 4 utrinque laterali
flava " applies strictly to no other species I am acquainted with. Loew,
however, informs me that the species I have introduced in this j^aper as
Si/rjjhus barhifrons (No. 7) occurs on the continent without the basal
spots, and states that he has seen no continental species with hairy
eyes. It is also only natural that Zetterstedt should thoroughly
recognise Fallen's species, and he admits that his S. nitidida is the
female of S. barbifrons, and as S. nitidida is a true Syrphus, it would
follow that S. barbifrons could not be a Melanostoma. This species
i|)roves the purely artificial nature of the genus Melanostoma, as
SyrpTius barhifrons, ^ (though to my eyes a true Syrphus), so far
troubled Schiner, the author of the genus Melanostoma, that he would
not believe it to be the male of S. nitidula, and even separated the
Bexes generically ; M. quadrimaculatum also differs from all the other

1873.1 283

Bpecies of the genus in its hairy eyes and brown Bcutellum (approach-
ing Sjjrplius in both these respects), but falls without hesitation into
the genus from the peculiarity of the immaculate female.

12. Plattchieus latimaiojs, Whlbg. — In my remarks on the British
species of Platychirus in this Magazine (November, 1870), I said
that any further addition to our indigenous species was hardly to
be expected. I have, however, another to add, which I suppose
must be Wahlberg's PI. latimanus, of which I have seen a series
captured by Dr. Buchanan "White at Dunkeld, a male from Scot-
land, in my own collection, and a male bred by Mr. T. N. Hoey
(who has kindly given me the specimen) from a pupa swept up
from heather in Tilgate Forest. The species superficially resembles
P, alhimanus, but is smaller and broader in front, in shape being
similar to Melanostoma amhiguum, ^ , but the peculiar front tarsi
of the male at once distinguish it. In the specimens I have seen,
the male has the frons broad and inflated, bearing a conspicuous
depressed lunule above the antennae, the inflation extends from
the frons to more than half way down the sides of the epistoma,
and the frons and all the inflated part are clothed with moderately
long, rather abundant black hairs ; the back of the head is rather
inflated ; the antennae are rather short, blackish-brown. The
thorax is shining seneous-black, faintly punctate ; the abdomen
dull black, with three pairs of hoary or whitish spots ; the basal
pair near the middle of the second segment, has the inner side
of each spot rounded, and the outer side touching the edge of
abdomen ; the second pair of spots are nearly similar, but rather
narrower, and are quite clear of the fore margin, but reach the
edge ; the pair on the fourth segment are rather nearer the fore-
margin, and about the basal corners of the fifth segment are
traces of another pair of spots. The legs are blackish, the front
pair with the knees brown, the femora with a tolerably abundant,
slightly waved, black pubescence behind, long near the base ; the
tibiae slightly curved, slightly larger towards the tip than at the
base, but not dilated, bearing outside a rather long and wavy
but not conspicuous fringe of black hairs, and inside being
obscurely yellowish on the apical third ; the tarsi with the two
basal joints pale yellow, very considerably dilated, forming an
oval disc. The first joint at its base is not at all broader than the
tip of the tibia, but rapidly dilates, being at its broadest part
(just before its end) more than three times as broad ; it is about

2S4 [May,

one and a-half times as long as broad, and is five or six times as
long as the very sliglitly narrower second joint ; beneath these
joints isa large blackish blotch running across diagonally near
the base of the first joint, and about the tip of this joint are some
dark spots ; the other three joints are dull blackish and simple.
The middle legs have the knees dull yello-n^sh, the tibiae slightly
curved, and the two basal joints of the tarsi clear luteous, the
pubescence behind the femora is much less than that on the front
pair, and the tibiae bear outside, about the middle, a slight fringe
of longish hairs ; the hind tibiae are slightly bent before the tip,
and the basal joint of the hind tarsi is considerably dilated and
lengthened. The wings have a greyish tinge, the stigma is
brownish.

The female is smaller and blackei', the abdominal spots being
more indistinct, the frons extra broad, the abdomen more shining,
the knees more distinctly yellowish, the front tarsi all brownish
and simple, the basal joints of the hind tarsi large and long, but
not at all conspicuously dilated.

I am thus exact in describing this species, as my insects
differ from Wahlberg's and Zetterstedt's description, sufficiently
to raise doubts as to their identity. "Wahlberg, in his original
description (Ofv. k. vet.-akad. Forh. i, 6G), says " abdomine —
"maculis flavidis — geuiculis anterioribus latins posticis anguste
" testaceis ; metatarsis posticis 2)(tntm incrassatis — Mas, maculis
" abdominis obtuse sub-trigonis ; tibiis anticis simplicibus ; meta-
" tarsis anticis modice ohliq^iie dilntatis, latitudine duplo longi-
" oribus, cum articulo secundo qiiadrato, dilatato, albidis ; femoribus
" anterioribus lateri posteriori, posticis anteriori, longius ciliatis.
" Femina — metatarsis f usco-testaceis — Mas, pedes iiitermedii arti-
" culis tarsorum 2 primis hasi apiceque angustissime testaceis.
" Femina, pedes anteriores femoribus hasi angustissime apice fere
"ad dimidium, tibiis basi ad dimidium et apice angustissime
" testaceis.'' Zetterstedt further says " Mas — pedes antici, tibiis
" albidis pone medium late nigricantibus, tarsormn articulis Imo
" oblique, 2doque sub-qitadrafim, dilatatis. Fern. — abdomen multo
^^latius quam in ^, maculis sex transversis, elongatis, fascias
"3rectas interruptas, albo-flavidas constituentibus." Where I
have italicized in these quotations, the descriptions differ con-
siderably from my species, yet in opposition to this, I place the
strong probability of the same species occurring in considerable
numbers (as it does) in North Europe and Scotland.

1873. 285

13. Chilosia olitacea, Zett. — Amongst some British. SyrpMda; of
Mr. r. "Walker's, I found a male specimen which I am inclined
to refer to this species, of which the following diagnosis gives
the principal characters. ^■. olivacea, oculis Tiirtis ; epist ornate
hlrto, descendente ; antennis f usco-uigris, seta sub-nuda ; sciofello
pilis vaJidis nigris ; ahdomine oblongo, seneo, luteo liirto ; pedihus
nigris, tibiis anterioribus basi fidvis ; aluJis flavidis ; alls inf us-
catis. Long. 4| lin.

It resembles pigra, but is distinguished by its smaller, more
defined epistomal knob, on the sides of which the erect hairs are
paler ; by the shorter and blacker pubescence of the thorax and
scutellum ; by the pale yellow alulae, with luteous edges and
fringes, which, in pigra, are reddish-brown with brownish fringes ;
by the luteous, instead of black, pubescence at the end of the
third and fourth abdominal segments ; and by the absence of any
chestnut hue on the second joint of the antennae.

From melanopa, according to Loew's description, it would
differ by its larger size, less prominent front, and by the absence
of any black hairs on the hinder half of the fourth abdominal
segment, and on the genitalia. Zetterstedt describes the kneea
in his diagnosis as whitish, but in his description testaceous.
This species has hitherto only been recorded fi'om Scandinavia.

14. Chrtsochlamts EmcoKNis. — Among some Diptera collected by
the late Mr. Dossetor, and given to me by Mr. E. W. Janson,
was a pair of this species, which has been found over most of
Europe north of the Alps, and therefore might be expected to
occur in England. It is very similar to G. cuprea, but is
usually rather smaller and narrower, with redder antennae, and
more especially with a red or reddish arista ; the dull fasciae on
the abdomen are broader, especially in the middle, and placed
just before the hind margin of the segments, leaving the hind
margin itself shining ; the scutellum is more yellow-haired, and
the tibiae bear no short black setae, as in C cuprea.

15. Xylota confinis, Zett. — This species is allied to the common
X. srgnis, L., but is usually smaller, the red portion of the abdo-
men is more yellowish, with more or less black about the junction
of the second and third segments, and on the disc of the second
segment, and it also bear traces of whitish reflections about the
sides near the base of the abdomen, and on the sides of the

286 [May,

fourth eegment. The liind femora in confinis have, on the under-
side, only a slight cilia of short spines, while in segiiis the spines
are long and conspicuous, and in segnis, ^ , the hind trochanters
bear a much longer spine. In conjinis, the black on the tibioe is
more conspicuous, and occiipies the end rather than the middle.
I caught one male near Three Bridges in August, 1872.

16. Paeagtjs albifeons, Fall. — Among Mr. '¥. Walker's JDipfera,
was a male of this little species, which he thinks was caught in
the Isle of "Wight. As it is found all over Europe, it is sure to
occur on the coasts of England, and I therefore introduce it
without hesitation. It is easily distinguished from all other
species by the entirely yellow epistoma of the male (the female
having a black middle line in all species), the yellow tip to the
scutellum, and the interrupted arcs of whitish tomentum on the
abdomen. The abdomen varies in often bearing some red spots,
and the legs often bear dark rings on the hind tibiae, &c.

With these additions and corrections, the number of British
SjjrphidcB will be 190, as I have here added 12 and withdrawn
one ; we are therefore rapidly approaching the 200 species, which
I anticipated when my list was published in January, 1870.

The Mulberries, Denmark Hill, London, S.E. :
Felruary, 1873.

ON THE LAKVA OP SPHINX CONVOLVULI AND ITS HABITS.
BY WILLIAM BTJCKLEE.

My warm thanks are due to Mr. H. Laver of Colchester, for the
loan of a larva, and to Mr. James J. Walker of Sheerness, for the
pupa of this grand species, during the past autumn. Previously, I
had seen but the dead specimen of the larva, recorded at E. M. M.,
vol. V, p. 161 ; and it may be supposed how elated I was to have the
opportunity of depicting a living example, and of noting its move-
ments and behaviour.

The larva, which had been found in a field at Mersea, Essex,
reached me on September 24th, 1872, and continued to feed until
noon of the 28th, and on the evening of the 29th, it retired to earth ;
I had, therefore, the pleasure of watching it for five days.

From the time of its arrival it showed no aversion to strong day-
light, nor any disposition to wander away from the food supplied to
it, but remaiaed attached to the Convolvulus arvensis, although exposed

18T3.1 287

openly eacli day for eigM or nine hours on a table near a window, with
the afternoon sun frequently shining on it during that time : in all
those hours its position was but little changed, merely adranced
farther along the stem by slow degrees, with perhaps a turn to the
right or left in order to get at the leaves in their order on the stem ;
so that three or four inches would represent adequately the extent of its
day's progress ; another proof of its very lethargic demeanour at this
stage, at least, of its growth is given by the fact, that each morning I
found it almost invariably on the same part of the food plant, and in
a similar posture as when placed in its cage the previous evening ; nor
did it seem to be a nocturnal feeder, of which, I had fair presumptive
evidence by finding usually in the morning only one pellet of frass :
throughout the day it fed frequently, taking rest in the intervals, and
its meals were deliberate, never made ravenously or hurriedly, nor did
it consume much at a time ; the number of pellets ejected during the
day-time averaged about five ; and they were large in proportion.
"With a view of testing if it had any inclination to hide or burrow,
I placed the larva once during the day-time, and once also at night, on
some fine mould, but it seemed unwilling to stay on the earth, and
soon crawled up through the Convolvulus which had been placed over
it, and took up its position as usual on the stem of the plant.

Such were the habits of this individual on its approach to
maturity, and they perfectly coincide with the account given by
Mr. J. Boswell Syme, of those which he once reared (see E. M. M.,
vii, p. 139) : the opinion therefore expressed at pp. 161-2 of vol. v,
that this species may hide itself by day under the soil is proved to be
erroneous, and my friend Mr. Hellins is very glad to be so clearly
set right on this point. Why, however, the moth should in some
seasons swarm in this country to such a prodigious extent as it does,
and yet the large-sized open-feeding larva be so seldom found, seems
strange ; Boisduval says, in France the larva " is sufiiciently common,"
feeding especially on Convolvulus arvensis in fields of potatoes and
kidney beans, sometimes also on C. sepium, and in gardens on
C. tricolor and IpomcBa coccinea ; and, in a letter to Mr. Gr. C. Bignell,
Mr. Gr. P. Mathew, R.N., mentions that in Madeira it is said to be com-
mon in gardens, feeding on all sorts of Convolvulus, on lettuce, and
other garden plants.

Potato fields in soils which Convolvulus arvensis affects, would
seem to be the most likely hunting grounds in England ; July ?
August, and September, would be the proper months in which to look
for it ; and, if any of the readers of this Magazine should be lucky

288 [^^^y-

enoiigli to find any variety of the larva, differing from that which I
shall presently describe, I shall be most thankful for the loan of it,
and will make the best return in my power. Boisduval, after making
two grand varieties, the green and the brown, proceeds to enumerate
no less than three sub-varieties under each of these heads, and then
says, beside these six there are to be found yet others.

To complete my history of the individual I had the pleasure of
watching, I may say that it increased slightly, though percej)tibly in
length and bulk, till on the fourth day it ceased to eat, became ex
tremely restless and active, and on being supplied with soil, entered it
for pupation on the evening of the fifth ; unfortunately, however, it
died without completing the change, the earth proving too drj and
friable, I found it had not been able to make a chamber for itself,
after having gone down to a dej)th of two inches.

The pupa, which as mentioned by Mr. "Walker at p. 162 of this
vol., had been found in a 2)otafo field, in the Isle of 8heppy, reached
me on December 11th, in lively condition, and, I am glad to say, it bore
the journey hither and back, as well as the ordeal of sitting for its
portrait, without any detriment.

The larva, wlien full-grown, measured exactly fom* inches, and m diameter
five-eighths of an inch : it was cylindrical, though tapering gradually from the
fifth segment to the head, wliich was decidedly the smallest segment, and flattened
in front ; the thirteenth also tapered a little at the end ; the twelfth bore a
smoothish. dorsal pointed horn, arching backwards over the anal flap ; the segmental
divisions were deeply defined, as were also the intermediate wrinkles, which sub-
divided each segment of the body above into eight distinct rings, the first ring wider
than the others, but none of them extending beyond the spiracles ; the ventral legs
full and stout ; the anal pair large and of a squarish form ; the texture of the skin
was smooth, but for the most part without gloss.

The colour of the head was bright ochreous, and shining, the sutiu'cs finely out-
lined with black, and with two black stripes on each lobe down the side of the face ;
the general ground colour of the back, belly, and part of the side, was a deep
blackish-brown ; the sub-dorsal bright ochreous stripe was quite perfect on the
thoracic segments, but, beyond them, showed only as a squarish spot on the first ring
of each segment until the twelfth, where it faintly continued to the base of the
caudal horn ; however, its entire course was indicated plainly enough by a double
row of deep brownish-ochreous longitudinal little streaks showing on the darker
ground ; similar streaks of brownish-ochreous covered the rest of the back, but with
a regular order and design : there were none on the first of the eight siib-divisions
of each segment, but on the other seven there was a double series converging
forwards to a point near the second ring, other rows forming a bi'oad bordering to the
inconspicuous narrow black dorsal line — this line, indeed, would not be very notice-
able, were it not better defined on the first ring of each segment ; but it was there

1873.] 289

well relieved between two larger and paler double ochreous streaks often confluent ;
the side on each segment between the sub-dorsal and spiracular regions was divided
into two triangular portions, the upper having its base on the front of the segment,
and its apex pointing backwards on the sub-dorsal stripe, and being altogether of
the dark ground, the lower triangle having its base on the hinder part of the
segment, and its apex pointing forwards on the spiracular region, and being covered
with regular transverse lines of whitish-grey dots on a brownish-grey ground ; the
black oval spiracles were deeply sunk each within a large rounded shining spot of
blackish ; the broad, whitish, inflated, sub-spiracular stripe was tolerably regular
along the thoracic segments, but from the fifth segment it was festooned along in a
puckered and tortuous course to the anal flap, followed beneath on most segments by
a group of blotches and dots of a similar whiteness ; the back of the second segment
was glossy ; the anterior legs were black and shining, also the caudal horn,* the
anal flap greyish-ochreous ; the ventral and posterior legs of the ground colour were
ringed with dull orange-red near their extremities, which were tipped with dark
brown hooks ; the belly had a fine ventral line rather darker than the ground, which
was thickly freckled over with a paler tint of the same.

The pupa measured 2ii inches in length, and five-eighths of an inch in diameter ;
its stout proboscis projected a quarter of an inch out from the body, bent downwards
at a slight angle for little more than half-an-inch, and then ciirved round upwards
for half the distance towards the underside of the thorax, with which it was in con-
tact near its blunt, rounded extremity : the various parts of the imago within were
all remarkably well shown, yet gently rounded off at the prominences, the wing-
covers long in proportion, the anal spike short, blunt, and roughish, the proboscis
delicately corrugated or ringed ; each segment of the abdomen had on the back a
narrow transverse band of roughness at its beginning, the rest of the surface smooth
and shining ; the colour was a light rich mahogany-brown, darker on the head,
thorax, and proboscis, and on the last two segments ; the legs, antennae, and wing-
CDvers being the palest portions.

Emsworth : April, 1873.

Xote on Xylotrttpes dichotomus, L. — The lai-va of this insect has been a familiar
object to me for soma time in Japan : it generally occurs in the friable portions of
rubbish-heaps and gardcu refuse, or in light soils, where there is an abundant gi'owth
of rank vegetation. The last larva I remember seeing was in a manure heap at
Osaka, where it was snugly lodged under a broken tile. I once had a pupa from a
similar situation, in which the horn of the male was well developed. The species is
called " Kabuta-mushi " by the Japanese, and its larvaj are known to agriculturists,
occun-ing, as I describe, in the earth, after the manner of those of our Meloloniha
vulgaris.

Phileurus ckinensix I suspect is of a similar habit in its earlier stages, as I have
always found the imago near heaps of refuse under planks or tiles ; but this species
appears late in September, while the larger one is abundant by the middle of
July. — George Lewis, Acton Lodge, Bcckcnham : March 21si, 1873.

* The horn varies in colour ; Boisduval says, " it is either fawn above and black beneath, or
ferruginous, or of a rusty-red."— W. B.

290 [May,

Note on TracJiyphlosus alternans. — I observe that Mr. J. J. Walker has recorded
(p. 217 of the present Tol.) the alhed T. spinimanus and squarmdatus as occurring
at the roots of Helianthemiim vulgare in chalky places ; and I may remark that I
have found T. alternans not uncommonly near here on the same yellow cistus, when
in blossom, growing on banks by the road-side under chalk hills.— W. Tylden,
Stanford, Hythe : April, 1873.

Note on Otiorhynchus mojiticola, Germ. — As the nomenclature of our Otiorhynchi
seems again to be coming under discussion, it may be worth while to inform readers
of the Magazine that we have not Otiorhynchus monticola as an inhabitant of
Britain, all our Scotch specimens so named being 0. hlandus, Sch. It is to this
species that Gyllenhal's description of 0. Icevigatus is to be referred f^ife^^e Thomson) ;
and, on tracing back the question, I find our mistake has arisen from Germar
having given IcEvigatus, Gryll., as a synonym of monticola, when describing that
species. Walton identified his specimens of our species as the Icevigatus of
Gyllenhal, by specimens sent from the Swede himself, and pretty clearly adopted
Grermar'a statement of the identity of Icevigatus, Gryll., with monticola. Stierlin,
too, has perpetuated the error, by having failed to distinguish the two insects,
and at the same time giving them as distinct. In his monograph, he reproduces
the description of blandus, stating that it is a species unknown to him, while
at the same time, from the localities he gives for monticola, and a remai'k he
makes as to Swedish examples he supposed to belong to that species, it is clear he
had the two species (or races) before him. The characters distinguishing the two
are briefly but lucidly given by Thomson ; and I find our Scotch specimens differ
from (Pyi'cncan) monticola, just in the same manner as Thomson says Swedish
individuals differ therefrom. — D. Sharp, Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfries : April, 1873.

On the supposed new spiecies of European Butterjly. — There can be no doubt that
the Lyccena Arthurus, Melvill, described at p. 263 of this Magazine, is an aberration
of Lyccuna Avion, L. ; such aberrations are indeed not so very scarce on the
Continent. I have in my own collection four such specimens, all differing, it is
true, a little from each other, but all almost destitute of black spots on the upper- side ;
in one specimen, even the black marginal spots are absent. The disappearance of
the spots, especially on the under-side, occurs in all the Lyccenidce ; and also the occa-
sional appearance of black spots in species that are usually destitute of them. Thus, in
the variety Miegii of P. virgaiirece, a nimiber of large black spots appear on the
upper-side : this also occurs in P. Hippothoe, L. (chryseis, Brk.), and in the Lyccena
orhitulus from the mountains of the North of Persia.

It is my firm conviction that, within the true limits of Europe (certainly not in
Central Europe), no new species of Rhopalocera remains to be discovered — O. Stau-
DINOER, Dresden : April 4:t?i, 1873.

Vanessa Antiopa hibernated at Folkestone. — A hibernated specimen of V. An-
tiopa was taken by my friend Mr. Arthur Gore in a niu'seiy garden at Folkestone,
on the 2nd April. Mr. Gore has kindly placed the specimen in my cabinet. — C. A.
Beiggs, 55, Lincoln's Inn Fields : April, 1873.

Natural History of Folia chi. — ^On September 14th, 1869, Mr. Longstaff, then
at Forres, kindly sent me a few eggs laid by a female of this species ; these began to
hatch on April 11th, 1870, and continued at the rate of about one or two per diem
until the 22nd. The larva;, when young, fed chiefly on Rumex crispus, and oc-
casionally on some other low plants, they at that time were not particular in their
diet, for they seemed to welcome any change given them ; but after two or three
moults they began to show a decided preference for sallow and osier, and on this

187S.] 291

food, towards the last, they were entirely kept, until they became mature one after
the other, from May 20th to June 5th; the perfect insects appeared from
August 10th to 21st.

The egg of chi is semi-spherical in form, or rather elliptical at top and flattened
beneath at its greatest diameter ; deeply ribbed and reticulated ; when first laid it is
yellowish, and in a few days turns gi'eyish-brown, and, about a week before hatching,
a broad zone of flesh colour appears below, while the upper part is a rich crimson-
brown ; at this time, in respect of colour, variations occur ; some of the eggs have
a narrow zone of blackish at a distance of two-thirds from the base, while the top
is irregularly blotched with this colour.

The young larvae, when first hatched, were pale olive-greenish, the large head
pale brownish with distinct black dots and hairs ; but they became in a couple of
days rather bluish-green. By April 23rd, the most forward had become half-au-inch
in length, very slender, and of a full, deep green colour, with the lines and also the
dots paler green : by May 15th, the biggest had grown one inch in length, still
slender in proportion, and rather less deep in coloui*, which, by the 19th, had changed
to a yellow-green, and then the fine lines were whitish : by the 27th, the larvae were
in their last coats, and presented but little variation in details ; their attitudes were
graceful amongst the twigs of sallow and willow, as they bent and elongated them-
selves when feeding near the extremities of the leaves.

The full-grown larva is one and five-eighths of an inch in length, veiy slender in
proportion, cylindrical, though tapering a little at either end, the head rounded, and
the antennal papillae well developed, the segmental divisions very delicately defined,
as well as the intermediate wrinkles, so that the skin appears very smooth and soft.
The colour on the head and back is a delicate bluish-green, quite opaque on the back,
the dorsal line very thin, a mere pale thread and edged with darker green than
the ground colour ; the sub-dorsal line is whitish, better defined, and also edged with
darker, indeed, this line on the thoracic segments is white ; beneath it, as far as the
spiracles, the colour is a ti-ansparent yellowish, or else a full green, so clear as to
show the branchial vessels through it, this colour deepens gi'adually below till it
terminates in a fine blackish-green line, along the lower edge of which are the white
spiracles outlined with black ; a brilliant pure white stripe follows, very broad along
the middle segments, and a little attenu.ated at each end, often extending along the
side of the head towards the mouth, and ending behind at the extremity of the
posterior leg ; all the legs and belly are rather paler and more yellowish-green than
the back ; after the thoracic segments the tubercular dots are ranged in threes on
either side of the dorsal line, they are paler than the ground, and sometimes ringed
with a little darker colour.

The variations seem to be in the depth of the general ground colour, more or
less blueness of the green, and the presence or absence of a small blackish oval ring
with whitish centre, or false spiracle on the side of the third and fourth segments.

When full-fed, the larva makes a decided cocoon under the surface of the soil, of
bits of earth, somewhat toughly spun together ; the pupa is nearly six-eighths of an
inch long, smooth and regular in outline, tapering gently to each and, the last seg-
ment of the abdomen terminating rather bluntly, and furnished with a knob, from
which is emitted a pair of very fine (quite bristle-like) hooked spines ; the colour of
the pupa is reddish-brown, and the sm-face glossy. — -Wm. Buckler, Emsworth :
March, 1873.

292 tMay, 1873.

Note on the capture of Pentatomajuniperina. — On the 26th instant, a fine, clear,
and warm clay, I made an excursion with my wife to Caterham Valley, for the pur-
pose of grubbing for. this insect under the bushes growing within about 300 yards of
the Junction Station. For an hour and a half I worked hard and assiduously, hut,
although the bushes bore fruit, my exertions were barren. Suddenly, something
moved on a branch of the bush at which I was at work. It was the veritable
creature ; and, immediately after, a second put in an appearance. I then folded
up my traps and took to searching the junipers. My wife, who had gone away and
sat down beneath a bush to eat her lunch, now joined me. I showed her what to
look for and gave her a bottle, and it became now, so to speak, a domestic hunt
(without a candle). When we left off to return to the train, I found that I had
taken seven specimens, while she had taken seventeen. I feel convinced that the
Order comprising Pentatoma affords a fine scope for study by woman, as the above
experience proves her knowingncss iii these matters. — John Scott, 37, Manor Park,
Lee, S.E. : 29^ March, 1873.

(Dbituari).

Thomas Parry. — British Entomologists (in the west country especially) will
regret to hear of the death of this gentleman on the 4th idt., at Mertliyr, S. Wales,
in the 81st year of his age. He had been engaged for a gi-eat number of years in
entomological pursuits, and, in addition to a large general collection of British
Insects, had acquired a considerable knowledge of their habits and pecidiarities.

Entomological Society of London, ^th March, 1873. — H. T. Stainton,
Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

E. C. Lefroy, Esq,, was elected a Member.

Mr. Chamjjion exhibited Triboliumconfusum and Ptinus testaceits, recorded as
British by Dr. Sharp in the last No. of this Magazine.

Mr. Verrall exhibited Laphriaflava from Aberdeen, and rare or new species of
'British SyrphidcB.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a species of bug allied to Pentatoma, sent by Mr. Eothney
from Calcutta, where it is found on the bark of trees, which it so greatly resembles
in colour as only to be detected when moving. Mr. Meldola suggested that this
mimicry might allow it to capture its prey with greater facility. Mr. Bates thought,
on the other hand, it might protect it from lizards. A discussion ensued as to whether
the division of Hemiptera to which the insect belongs is carnivorous or phytophagous.

Major Parry communicated a supplemental paper on Lucanoid Coleoptera.

Mr. F. Bates sent descriptions of new genera and species of Teneirioiiidce from
Australia, New Caledonia, &c.

Mr. Miiller read a commimication from Mr. Bassett, of Waterbiu-y, Connec-
ticut relative to the sexes of Cynips. After detailing observations made, Mr. Bassett
considered it settled that most American species are double-brooded, and that one
generation consists of females only, and is perhaps structurally different from the
other generation, and that all apparently unisexual forms are only dimorphic con-
ditions. Mr. Smith repeated the account he had previously given of the manner
in which, some years ago, he introduced the now abundant C. Kollari in the vicinity
of London from Devonshire galls ; all the insects were, of course, females.

END OF VOL. IX.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

CONDUCTED BY

H. a. KNAGGS, M.D., F.L.S. E. C. RYE, F.Z.S. .

R. McLACHLAN, F.L.S. H. T. STAINTON, F.R.S.

VOL. X.

'^Entomology is a science, not a pastime.^'

Westwood.

LONDON:
JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATEENOSTER ROW.

18 73-4.

LONDON :

NAPIER, PKINTEK, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W.

INDEX.

General Index i.

Entomological Society x.

Special Index —

Coleoptera xii.

Diptera xiv.

Hemiptera-IIeteroptera xiv.

„ -Homoptera xiv.

Hymenoptera xiv.

Lepidoptera xv.

Neuroptera . xvii.

PAOK

List of Contributor.s xvii.

Genera AND Species NEW TO Science ... xix.

,, ,, ,, ,. ., Britain ... xxi.

Larv^ of British Species described ... xxii.

Reviews xxii.

Obituary xxiii.

Wood-cuts xxiii.

Errata xxiii.

INDEX TO GENERAL SUBJECTS.

PAGE

Abundance of Halesus auricoUis, Pict., in Wliarfedale.. ... ... ... 140

Acanthaclisis americana, Drmy, Note concerning .. .. ... ... 210

Addition of two species to the British list of Tenthredinidce ... ... IGO

Additional notes on the egg, &c., of Phytomctra fenea .. ... ... ... 139

Additions of three species to the British list of Tenthredinidaj ... ... 278

„ to the recorded captures of Lepidoptera in the Isle of Sheppy, A few ISO

African Lepidoptera, Desci'iptions of new species of ... ... ... .. 59

Agrion, Mode of egg-laying of ... ... ... ..■ ••■ •■• 163

Andricus amenti, Griraud, new to Britain, Oak-galls at Ballater, in -Tunc,

including ... ... ... ... ... . . ... 85

,, quadrilineatus, Hartig, near Aberdeen, Occurrence of galls of ... 39

Anisotomida^, Notes on, with description of three new species (two from

Japan and one from Great Britain) .. ... ... ... ... 131

Anoplognathus, Description of a new species of the Coleopterous genus ... 75

Answer to the " Notes on a British bug " .. ... ... ... ... 119

Anthribidse from New Zealand, Description of two new genera and three new

species of ... ... . . . . ... 29

Apanteles placidus, Hal., Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 211

Apamea gcmina, Desci'iption of the larva of ... ... ... ... 275

Aphanocephalus, WoUaston, from Japan, Description of a second species of... 1G7

Argynnis Niobe, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 253

Asychna profugella bred .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 00

Australian beetle near London, An ... ... ... ... ... ... 83

Aventia flexula. On the natural history and position of ... ... ... 42

Baridius (Coleoptera : Rhynchophora) from Singapore, which destroys Orchids,

Description of a new species of .. ... ... ... ... ... 22(1

Batrachedra prseangusta ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118, IKi

„ „ , Note concering the metamorphoses of ... ... 90

Bethylides, Description of a new European species of (Hymenoptera : Oxyura) 222

Black variety of Dianthcccia conspersa in Morayshire ... ... ... ... 2i>

Blind Coleoptera from Italy, Description of a new genus and species of ... 1

Bostrichus Bulmerincqii, Kolen., Note on .. ... ... ... 229

Brachycentrus subnubilus, Curtis, Description of the larva and case of ... 257

PAGE

Brahmsea, in the collection of Ihe British Museum, Description of a new

species of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 5G

British bug, Notes on a 91,105,183

„ Hemiptera — an additional genus and species ... ... ... ... G3

„ „ -Homoptera, On certain 22,80,126,189,235,270

Tortrices, Notes on 2,31,65,95,143,243

Bjrrhidas from Japan, On a genus of the ... ... ... ... ... 33

Bythoscopida), Revision of the, &c 22,80,126,189,235

Campbell, Death of Charles 183

Camponiscus Healffii, Newman, Note on... ... ... ... ... ... 84

Capture and habits of Loxops coccineus. Note on ... ... ... ... 92

,, in Northumberland of a Saw-fly new to Britain ... ... ... 69

„ of Halonota grandcevana near Hartlepool in 1864 ... ... ... 257

„ „ Lymexylon navale. Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 83

„ „ Ophiodes lunaris at Lewes ... ... ... ... ... ... 70

Captures near Glanrille's Wootton ... ... ... ... ••• 118,140

„ of Coleoptera, Stray ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 112

„ „ „ at Chatham, Recent ... ... ... ... ... 252

„ „ „ in North Kent 83

„ „ Lepidoptera at G-range-over-Sands, North Lancasli ire .. ... 39

„ „ ,, in the Isle of Sheppy, A few Additions to the

recorded ... ... ... ... ... 180

Carabideous genus, Maraga, Walker, Note on the ... ... ... ... 17

Caradrina Morpheus, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 254

Cathormiocerus from Great Britain, Description of a second species of ... 176

Cecidomyia salicis, Schrancli, on Salix purpurea, L., Galls of ... ... ... 39

Ceraleptus lividus. Stein., Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 277

Cerambyx heros entitled to a place in the British list ? Is ... ... ... Ill

Cetonia aurata. Unusually late appearance of ... ... ... ... ... 178

Charaxes from Africa, Description of a new species of .. . ... ... 13,247

„ Jasius, Notes on the larva, &c., of ... ... ... ... ... 113

Cicindelidse, New species of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 261

Cleonus nebulosus near London, Occurrence of . . . ... ... ... ... 19

CoccinellidsB, Notes on Japanese .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... 54

Csenoneura Dahlbomi, Thoms., a genus and species of Tentliredinidie new to

Britain, Occurrence of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 85

Coleoptera, Notes on certain Bi'itish ... ... ... ... ... ... 137

„ Stray captures of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 112

„ at Braemar, Notes on .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 158

„ „ Chatham, Recent captures of .. ... ... ... ... 252

„ „ Esher, Notes on .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 159

„ „ Holy Island and Deal ... ... .. ... ... ... 159

„ common to Europe and Japan, Notes on ... ... ... ... 172

„ from Italy, Description of a new genus and species of blind ... 1

„ „ Japan, Descriptions of new species of ... ... ... 224

„ „ „ On new 167,200

„ in Nortli Kent, Captures of ... ... .. ... ... ... 83

„ observed this season, Notes on a few species of ... ... ... 39

111.

l-ATrE

178

60,75

1G2

183

100

223

222

126
1

204

226

Collecting at Forres

Ckjlydiidse from New Zealand, On two new genera of ..

Corixa, Notes on

Crambus pinetellus, Natural history of ...

Cryptogamic Botany, Some entomological errors in

Curculionidse, Notes on certain British ...

Cymindis lineata, Dej., Note on ...

Cynips fen'uginea, Hartig, Occurrence of the galls of . . .

Deltoid Lepidoptera of the genus Herminia, Natural history of the Bx-itish

species of ...
Description of a new African species of the genus Ischiodontus, Cand,
(Coleoptera : Fam. Elateridse) ...

European species of Bethylides (Hymenoptera:

Oxyura) ...
Japanese species of Lycsena, and change of name of

L. cassioides, Murray

genus and species of blind Coleoptera from Italy . .

„ „ „ „ Satyridiau Butterflies...

species of Baridius (Coleoptera : Ehynchophora)
from Singapore, which destroys Orchids ..

„ „ Brahmtea, in the collection of the British

Museum ... ... ... ... ... 56

„ „ Charaxes from Africa ... ... ...13,247

„ „ Dromius from England ... ... ... 73

„ „ Helicon ia from Central America . . ... 224

„ ,, Isonychus (Fam. Melolonthidse) from

Granada 203

„ „ Liosomus from Great Britain .. ... 136

„ „ Lucanidaj ... .. ... ... 110

„ „ Silis from Angola ... ... ... ... 157

„ „ the Coleopterous genus Anoplognathus... 75

„ second species of Aphanocephalus,WollastoD, from Japan 167

„ ,, ,, ,, Cathormioccrus from Great Britain ... 176

nine new species of Lycseuidse from the West Coast of Africa 122

six new species of Epitola from the West Coast of Africa ... 149

the larva and case of Brachycentrus subnubilus, Curtis . . . 257

„ pvtpa of Hesperia Actseon ... ... ... 86

, &c., of Ephestia elutella ... ... ... ... 213

„ „ Nonagria geminipuncta ... ... ... 230

„ „ Ehodophaea marmorea ... ... ... 214

of Aparaea gemina ... ... ... ... ... 275

„ Caradrina Morpheus ... ... ... ... 254

„ Ephyra pendularia ... ... ... ... 71

„ Limacodes asellus ... ... ... ... ... 70

„ Miana literosa ... ... ... ... ... 88

„ Nonagria neurica ... ... ... ... ... 275

„ Phycis (?) Davisellua 89

three new continental and one British species of Liburnia . . . 104

two new genera and three new species of Anthribidae from

New Zealand 29

Description of two new West Al'rican butterflies from the collection of

Henley G. Smith 274

Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of European Oxyura ... 207

„ ,, four new African Butterflies ... ... ... ... ... 205

„ „ new species of African Diurnal Lepidoptera ... ... ... 151

„ „ „ „ „ „ Lepidoptei-a ... ... ... ... 59

„ „ „ „ „ Coleoptera from Japan ... ... . . 22 1

„ „ „ „ „ exotic Rhopalocera ... ... ... ... 107

„ „ three new species of Rhopalocera from Angola ... ... 57

,, „ „ „ „ „ Scarabajidte from Australia and Japan .. 175

„ ,, ,, ,, „ ,, Water-beetles from Central America ... 53

,, „ two species of Tenthredinidre, new to science, from Scotland 220

Dianthoccia conspersa in Morayshire, Black variety of ... ... ... ... 20

Diurnal Lepidoptera, Descriptions of new species of ... .. .. ... 151

„ „ at Galena, Illinois 1871-73, Occurrence of 248

Drilus, Note on habits of ? 68

Dromius from England, Description of a new species of ... ... ... 73

„ quadrimaculatus. Interesting variety of ... ... ... ... 251

Egg, &c., of Phytometra aenea. Additional notes on the ... ... ... 189

„ -laying of Agrion, Mode of ... ... ... ... .. ... 163

" Endomycici recitati ; a Catalogue of the Coleopterous group Endomycici,
with descriptions of new species and notes ;" by H. S. Gorham,

Yicar of Shipley : Review ... ... ... ... ... ... 141

Entomological Societies of London, The local ... ... ... ... ... 185

„ Society „ „ Proceedings of the .. 21, 71, 183, 234, 259, 279

„ „ „ Haggerston ... ... ... ... ... 216

„ „ „ Newcastle-on-Tyne ... ... ... ... ... 234

„ „ „ Eochester ... .. ... ... ... ... 259

Entomology of our Novel Writers, The .. . ... ... ... ... ... 93

Ephemeridaj from New Zealand, Oniscigaster Wakefield!, A new genus and

species of... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108

Ephestia elutella. Description of the larva, &c., of ... ... ... ... 213

Ephyra pendularia, Description of the larva of... ... .. ... ... 71

Epitola from the West Coast of Africa, Description of a new species of ... 149

Erroneous food-plant assigned to a larva ... ... ... ... ... 44

Errors in Cryptogamic Botany, Some Entomological ... ,. ... ... 183

Eubolia lineolata, Notes on the larva of ... ... ... ... ... 255

Eupithecia dodoneata two years in the pupa state ... ... ... ... 277

„ expallidata and succenturiata. Bred .. ... ... ... .. 118

Fedtschenko, Death of Alexis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 141

Few words on Vanessa Antiopa, A ... ... ... ... ... ... 40

*' Fifth Annual Report of the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the

State of Missouri ; by C. V. Riley, State Entomologist:" Review... 94

Four species of Nematus new to Britain ... ... ... ... ... 211

Frauenfeld, Death of Gorge Ritter von ... ... ... ... ... 166

Galls of Andricus quadrilineatus, Hartig, near Aberdeen, Occurrence of ... 39

„ „ Cecidomyia salicis, Schranck, on Salix purpurea, L. .. ... ... 39

„ „ Cynips feiTuginea, Hartig, Occurrence of the .. ... .. ... 85

„ „ Spathegaster vesicatrix, Schlechtendal, at Banchory, Occurrence of... 85

PAGE

20
233
160
140
257
229

68
224
162

(.Tcniis of the Byrrliiclfe i'rom Japan, On a
Gronepterjx rhamni at fault, Perception of

Guerin-Meneville, Death of F. E

Habits, &c., of the British species of Sesia, Hints as to the ...
Halesus auricolHs, Pict., in Wharfedale, Abundance of ..
Halonota grandrcrana near Hartlepool in 1861, Capture of
Harpalus luteicornis, Dufts., Note on

,, new to Britain, A species of ...
Heliconia from Central America, Description of a new species of
Heliothis dipsacea at Sherwood Forest ...
Hemiptera, British ; an additional genus and species ...

„ enumerated by Herr Thomson in the Fourth Fasciculus of his
Opuscula Entomologica, Remarks on some of the
-Horaoptera, On certain British 22,80,126,189,235,270

llerminia, Natural History of the British species of Deltoid Lepidoptera of
the genus ..

Hesperia Actseon, Description of the larva and pupa of

Heteromera, Notes on, and descriptions of new genera and species

Hints as to the habits, &c., of the British species of Sesia

Idiocerus H-album, Fieb., Note on

Interesting variety of Dromius quadrimaculatus

Is Cerambyx heros entitled to a place in the British list ?

Ischiodontus, Cand., Description of a new African species of the genus
(Coleoptera : Fam. Elatcridse) ...

Isonychus (Fam. Melolouthidfe) from Granada, Description of a new species of

Japanese Goecinellidae, Notes on ...

Kaup, Death of J. J.

Lai'va and case of Brachycentrus subnubilus, Curtis, Description of the

„ „ pupa of Hesperia Actseon, Description of the

,, , &c., of Charaxes Jasius, Notes on the

„ „ „ Ephestia elutella, Description of the

„ „ „ Nonagria geminipuncta, Description of the

„ „ „ Ehodophsea marmorea, „ „ „

„ of Apamea gemina .

„ „ Caradrina Morpheus, Description of the

,, ,, Ephyra pendularia, „ „ »

„ „ Eubolia lineolata, Notes on the

,, ,, Limacodes asellus. Description of the...

,, ,, Miana literosa, „ „ „ ...

„ „ Nematus ribesii. Note on the ...

„ „ Nonagria neurica

„ „ Phycis (?) Davisellus, Description of the ... ... ... ... 89

„ „ Polia nigi'ocincta, Note on the . . ... ... ... ... ... 89

,, „ Zygrena meliloti, „ ,, ,, ... ... ... ... ... . 116

Late appearance of Cetonia aurata, Unusually ... ... ... ... ... 178

Lepidoptera at Grange-over-Sands, North Lancashire, Captures of 39

from South Wales, Notes on 276

in North Wales 1/9

187

100

14, 45

160
92

251

111

223

203

166

257

113

213

230

214

275

254

255

Lepidoptera in the Isle of Sheppy, A few additions to the recorded cap-
tures of ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 180

of Ireland, The 153

„ „ ,, (Notodonta bicolora) ... ... ... ... ... 180

" Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic ;" by

Herman Strecker : Review ... ... ... ... ... ... 233

Lepidopterous Fauna of St. Vincente, with description of a new species of

Grelechia, Note on the 121

" Les Papillons Diurnes de Belgique ; Manuel du Jeune Lcpidoptcrologiste,"

Par Louis Quaedvlieg : Review ... ... . . ... . . 44

Leucania albipuncta atFolkstone... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118

Libui'nia, Description of three new continental and one British species of ... 104

Limacodes asellus, Description of the larva of . . . ... ... ... ... 70

Linnean Society, Proceedings of the ... ... ... ... ... ... 278

Liosomus from Great Britain, Description of a new species of ... ... 136

Lithosia griseola and stramineola... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117

„ quadra, Natural history of ... ... ... ... ... ... 217

„ stramineola and griseola proved to be only varieties of one species ... 69

Local Entomological Societies in London, The ... ... ... ... ... 185

Loxops coccineus, Meyer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 92

Lucanidae, Description of a new species of ... .. ... ... ... 110

Lyceena, Description of a new Japanese species of, and change of name of

L. cassioides, Murray ... ... ... ... ... ... 126

„ Alsus, Supplementary notes on the natural history of ... ... 43

Lycsenidse from the West Coast of Africa, Description of nine new species of 122

Lymexylon navale, Note on capture of ... ... ... ... ... ... 83

Magdalinus carbonarius in Northumberland ... ... ... ... ... 83

Megalomus hirtuB near Aberdeen, Occurrence of ... ... ... ... 90

Metamorphoses of Batrachedra prseangusta. Note concerning the ... ... 90

Miana literosa. Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... ... 88

Minifeseoptilus aridus, Natural history of ... ... ... ... ... 182

Mode of egg-laying of Agrion ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 163

" Monograph of the CoUembola and Thysanura ;" by Sir John Lubbock, Bart.,

M.P. : Review 120

Natural history and position of Aventia flexida. On the ... ... ... 42

„ „ of Cranibus pinetellus ... ... ... ... ... ... 162

„ „ „ Lithosia quadra ... ... .. ... ... ... 217

„ „ „ Lycajna Alsus, Supplementary notes on the ... ... 43

„ „ „ Mimseseoptilus aridus .. ... ... ... 182

„ „ „ the British species of Deltoid Lepidoptera of the genus

Herminia .. ... ... ... ... ... 100

Nematus new to Britain, Four species of ... ... ... ... ... 211

„ ribesii. Note on the larva of ... ... ... ... ... ... 21

Neuroptera at Weybridge... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 91

New Coleoptera from Japan, On ... ... ... ... ... ... 167,200

„ species of Charaxes from Africa, Description of a... ... ... ...13,247

„ „ Cicindelidffi 261

Noctua glareosa, Variety of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 181

Nomenclature, Zoological ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 232

Nonagria geminipuncta, Description of the larva, &c., of ... ... ... 230

„ neurica, Description of the larva of ... ... .. ... ... 275

Vll.
PAGE

Note concerning Acanthaclisis americaiia, Dniry ... ... ... ... 210

„ „ the metamorplioses of Batrachedra prseangusta .,. ... 90

„ on Apanteles placidus, Hal. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 211

Argynnis Niobe ... ... ... .. . . ... ... ... 253

Bostrichus Bulmerincqii, Kolen. ... ... ... .,, ... 229

Camponiscus Healsoi, Newman .. ... ... ... ... ... 84

capture and habits of Loxops coccineus ... ... ... ... 92

„ of Lymexylon navale .. ... ... ... ... ... 83

Ceraleptus lividus, Stein. ... ... ... ... ... ... 277

Cymindis lineata, Dej. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 83

habits of ? Drilus ... ' 68

Harpalus luteicornis, Dufts. ... ... ... ... ... ... 229

Idiocerus H-album, Fieb. ... ... ... ... ... ... 92

Lepidoptera from South Wales .. . ... ... ... ... ... 276

Pamphila sylvanus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 230

preserving insects in collections... ... ... ... ... ... 166

Pulex obtusiceps, Ritsema ... ... ... ... ... ... 228

Sesia apiformis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 181

Thalpocliares parva ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 40

the Carabideous genus Maraga, Walker ... ... ... ... 17

„ larva of Nematus ribesii ... ... ... ... ... ... 21

„ „ „ Polia nigrocincta ... ... ... ... ... ... 89

„ „ „ Zygtena meliloti .. .. ... ... ... ... 116

„ Lepidopterous Fauna of St. Vincente, with description of a new

species of Gelechia ... ... ... ... ... ... 121

„ occurrence in the North of England of Cixius contaminatus,

Germ., and Issus coleoptratus, Fab ... ... 211

„ „ near Manchester of Hylurgus piniperda, Tomicus

stenographus and T. nigritus ... ... ... 209

travelled pupae ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 256

Tychius heematocephalus ... ... ... ... ... ... 157

Notes on a British bug 91,165,183

„ „ „ , Answer to the .. . ... ... ... ... ... 119

„ few species of Coleoptera observed this season ... ... ... 39

Anisotomidse, with description of three new species (two from

Japan and one from Great Britain)... ... ... ... ... 131

British Tortrices 2,34,65,95,143,243

certain British Coleoptera ... .. ... ... ... ... 137

„ „ Curculionidse ... ... ... ... ... ... 18

„ species of the genus Orthostira, Fieb., with reference to Mr.

Douglas's remarks ... ... ... ... ... ... 242

Coleoptera at Braemar ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 158

„ „ Esher 159

„ common to Europe and Japan ... ... ... ... 172

Corixa ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...60, 75

Ileteromera, and descriptions of new genera and species ... ... 14, 45

Japanese Coecinellidte ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 54

some Odonata, &c., in the Collection of the Eoyal Dublin Society... 227

„ Tineina observed in 1873 232

Notes on tlie development of Volucella bcjmbylans, parasitical in the nests of
Carder-bees ; with observations on the development of the

tubnlar head and appendages of its pupa ... ... ... 196

„ „ „ larva, &c., of Charaxes Jasius ... ... ... ... ... 113

„ „ „ „ of Eubolia lineolata . . .. ... ... ... ... 255

„ ,, Vanessa Antiopa in IloUand ... ... ... ... ... .. 20

(Notodonta bieolora), Lepidoptera of Ireland ... ... ... ... ... 180

in England 253

„ Ireland .. 212, 213, 230

Oakgalls at Ballater, in June, including Andricus amcnti, Griraud, new to

Britain 85

Occurrence in Britain of Thalpoehares paula, Iliibn. ... ... ... 19

„ „ the North of England of Cixius contaminatus, Germ., and

Issus eoleoptratus, Fab., Note on the ... ... ... 211

„ near Manchester of Hylurgus piniperda, Tomicus stenographus

and T. nigritus, Note on the . . ... ... ... ... 209

„ of Cleonus nebulosus near London .. . ... ... ... ... 19

„ „ Ccenoneura Dahlbomi, Thorns., a genus and species of Tenthre-

dinidse new to Britain .. ... ... .. 85

„ „ Diurnal Lepidoptera at Galena, Illinois, 1871 — 73 ... ... 248

„ „ galls of Andricus quadrilineatus, Hartig, near Aberdeen ... 39

„ „ „ „ Spathegaster vesicatrix, Schleclitendal, at Banchory . . 85

„ „ Megalomus hirtus near Aberdeen ... .. ... .. 90

„ „ Pceciloso ma pulverata, Ratz., a saw-fly new to Britain ... 69

„ „ the galls of Cynips ferruginea, Hartig ... ... ... ... 85

Odonata, &c., in the Collection of the Royal Dublin Society, Notes on some... 227

" On the Ancestry of Insects, ' printed in advance ' from chap, xiii of ' Our

Common Insects ;" by A. S. Packard, Jun. : Review ... ... 93

" „ „ Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects;" by Sir John Lubbock,

Bart., M.P., F.R.S. : Review 2I5

Oniscigaster Wakefieldi, a new genus and species of Ephemeridse from New

Zealand 108

Ophiodes lunaris at Lewes, Capture of ... ... ... ... ... 70

Orthostira, Fieb., Notes on certain species of the genus, with reference to Mr.

Douglas's remarks .. ... ... ... ... ... 242

Oxyura, Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of European ... 207

Pachnobia alpina, bred ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 88

Pamphila sylvanus, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 230

Pediacus near London .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 19

Perception of Gonepteryx rhamni at fault ... ... ... ... ... 20

Phycis (?) Davisellus, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 89

Phytometra senea, Additional notes on the egg, &c., of... ... ... ... 139

Pcecilosoma pulverata, Ratz., a saw-fly new to Britain, Occurrence of ... 69

Polia nigrocincta, Note on the larva of ... ... .. ... ... ... 89

Preserving Insects in Collections, Note on ... ... ... ... ... 1G6

Pterostichus nigrita, Scotch form of ... ... ... ... ... ... 252

Pulex obtusiceps, Ritsema, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 228

Recent captures of Coleoptera at Chatham ... ... ... ... ... 252

Rejoinder to the ' Notes on a British Bug ' ... ... ... ... .. 183

Remarks on some of the Ilemiptera enumerated by Herr Thomson in the 4tli

Fasciculus of his Opuscula Entomologica ... ... ... ... 187

" Researclics in Zoology, illustrative of the structure, habits and economy of
animals;" by John Elackwall, F.L.S. Second Edition. Review...

Revision of the By thoscopidae, &c 22,80,126,189,

RhodophiBa marmorea, Description of the lai'va, &c., of

Rhopalocera, Descriptions of new species of exotic

„ from Angola, Descriptions of three new species of

Saw-fly new to Britain, Capture in Northumberland of a

Scarabfeidfc from Australia and Japan, Descriptions of three new species of...

Schiner, Death of J. Rudolf

Scotch form of Pterostichus nigrita

Second note on the Trichoptera of Zettcrstedt's ' Insecta Lapponica,' accord-
ing to Wallengren's determinations

Sericoris irriguana and Daleana ...

Sesia, Hints as to the habits, &c., of the British species of ... _ ...

,, apiformis, Notes on .
Silis from Angola, Description of a new species of
Some entomological errors in Cryptogamic Botany

Spathegaster vesicatrix, Schlechtendal, at Banchory, Occurrence of galls of. . .
Species of Harpalus new to Britain, A ...
Sphinx convolvuli at Huddersfield
Stray captures of Coleoptera

Supplementary notes on the Natural History of Lycaena Alsus
Toeniocampa gothica, var. gothicina, in Yorkshire
Tenthredinidae, Addition of two species to the British list of . .
„ Additions of three species to the British list of

„ new to Britain, Three species of

„ „ „ science, fi'om Scotland, Descriptions of two species of...

Thalpochares parva. Note on

„ paula, Hiibn., Occurrence in Britain of

" The object and method of Zoological Nomenclature;'
Three species of Tenthredinidae new to Britain...
Tineina observed in 1873, Notes on some
Toi'trices, Notes on British
Travelled pupse, Note on . . .
Trichoptera of Zettcrstedt's ' Insecta Lapponica,' accor(

determinations. Second note on the
Two new genera of Colydiidse from New Zealand, On ...
Tychius haematocephalus. Note on
Unusually late appearance of Cetonia aurata ...
Vanessa Antiopa, A few words on

„ „ in Holland, Notes on ...

,, ,, near Brighton ...

,, „ ,, London

Variety of Dianthoecia conspersa, in Morayshire, Black
„ ,, Dromius quadrimaculatus. Interesting
,, ,, Noctua glareosa
Volucclla bombylans, Notes on the development of, parasitical in the nests of
Carder-bees ; with observations on the development of the tubular
head appendages of the pupa ...
Zoological Nomenclature ...
Zygsena mcliloti, Note on the larva of

D. Sharp: Review

2, 34, 65, 95, 143,

ding to Wallengren's

IX.

'.\(}E

142
235
214
107
57
G9
175
IGG
252

163

276

160

181

157

183

139

112

277

160

278

113

220

215

113

232

243

256

163

157

178

139

251

181

196
232
116

INDEX OF SUBJECTS NOTICED IN THE PROCEEDINGS
OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

PAGE

Acclimation of certain species of insects in New Zealand, Proposed .. ... 184

Acontia Solaris said to have been taken at Dover ... ... ... 183

Agrotcra nemoralis from Lewes ... ... ... ... ... 72

Anniversary Meeting ... ... ... ... ... ... 234

Ant, the grain-storing, of Mentone ... ... ... ... ... 259

Apatura, On the synonymy of certain American species of ... ... 216,235

Biorrhiza aptera on roots of Deodar ... ... ... ... ... 184

Blind Articnlata in the Jurassian Alps ... ... ... ... 234

Bombycida;, A supposed aquatic species of ... ... ... 216, 260

Brachycentrus subnubilus. Larva and case of ... ... ... 184

Bramble-stems, Hymenoptera inhabiting ... ... ... ... 72

Bruchus, Species of, infesting Gleditscliia ... ... ... ... 71, 72

Buprestidm from the Philippines, &c. ... ... ... ... ... 279

Cassida vittata from Chatham ... ... ... ... • ... 260

Cetoniidse from the Philippines ... ... ... ... ... 259

Chilo gigantellus from Horning Fen ... ... ... ... 184

Chontales, Longicorn Coleoptera of ... ... ... ... ... 184

Clemens, an old Swiss entomologist ... ... ... .. 22

Clostera curtula and C. reclusa. Hybrid between... .. ... ... 184

Coffee plantations in Natal, Injury to, by a longicorn beetle ... 234, 260, 280

Coleoptera, Rare British ... ... ... ... ... ... 183

Cclias Nastes from Turkestan ... ... ... ... ... 21

Colorado potato-beetle. Notes on the ... ... ... ... ... 259

Cossonidse, Revision of the ... ... ... ... ... 72

Cricket, Species of, kejit for its song, in Turkey ... ... ... .. 260

Deilcphila euphorbiae said to have been taken near Harwich ... ... 183

Diaphonia from Queensland, A new species of ... ... ... ... 259

Diurnal Lepidoptera, New species of ... ... ... ... 235

Ephemeridfe, Eaton and Hageu's Notes on ... ... ... ... 22

Galeodes, New species of... ... ... ... .. ... 72

Grails on oak from Morocco ... ... ... ... ... ... 72

Gleditschia, Species of Bruchus infesting ... ... ... ... 71, 72

Goliathus albosignatus (Kirki) from the Limpopo ... ... ... 21

Hybrid between Clostera curtula and C. rechisa ... ... ... 184

Hymenoptera inhabiting bramble-stems from Albania ... ... ... 72

„ , Part of Catalogue of British . . ... ... ... 184

Japan, Phytophaga of ... ... ... ... ... ... 184

„ , Pselaphidee and Scydmfcnida? of ... ... ... ... 216

„ , Staphylinida; of ... ... ... ... ... ... 22

„ , Tenthredinidse and Ichneumonida; of ... ... ... 280

Langia zeuzeroidcs, Moore, from the Himalayas ... ... ... ... 21

Lepidoptera, Chinese ... ... ... ... ... ... 72

„ , New species of Diurnal ... ... ... ... ... 235

PAGE

Lepidoptera, Variations in ncuratioii of Diurnal ... ... 72

„ , Varieties of British ... ... ... ... ... 183

Locustidifi fi*om Shanghai, A species of, kept by the Chinese in wieker-work

cages ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2G0

Locusts, Karages of, in Greece ... ... ... ... ... 280

Longicorn Coleoptera of Chontales ... ... ... ... ... 184

Lucanidse, New species of .. ... ... ... ... 280

Ljca3na Phoebe from Australia .. ... ... ... ... 235

Lycsenida? from South Africa, New species of ... ... . . 260

„ , New species of ... ... ... ... ... ... 260

Meetings, Eeports of ... 21, 71, 72, 183, 184, 216, 234, 259, 260, 279, 280

Morocco, Galls on oak from ... ... ... ... ... ... 72

Mynas Guerini and M. Geoff royi. Note on ... ... ... ... 184

Myriopod from the Jurassian Alps, A blind ... ... .. ... 234

Myrmica Isevinodis with characters of male, female, and worker combined

in one individual ... ... .. ... ... 259

Natal, Injury to Coffee plantations in, by a longicorn beetle . . . 234, 260, 280

New Zealand, Proposed acclimation of certain species of insects in ... ... 184

Oligoneuria, Transformations of ... ... ... ... ... 72

Olivier, Types of Coleoptera described by ... ... ... ... 216

Oniscigaster Wakefieldi, Stages of... ... ... ... ... 260

Palustra Laboulbenei ; a supposed aquatic species of Bombycidse ... 216, 260

Papilio Merope, Forms of ... ... ... ... ... ... 184

Parnassius Apollo, Distribution of, in respect to glaciers ... ... 21

Photographs of insects ... ... .., ... ... ... 216

Phytophaga of Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... 184

Pselaphidse and Scydmsenidffi of Japan... ... ... ... ... 216

Psen, Species of congregating ... ... ... ... .. 184

Psychidse from Calcutta, Case of species of ... ... ... ... 72

Rhaphiglossa, Attitude of, when at rest ... ... ... ... 72

Satyrus Ziphia from Madeira .. ... ... ... ... ... 235

Sitophilus infesting wheat from Japan and Australia... ... ... 259

Sphinx pinastri said to have been taken near Harwich ... ... ... 183

Spitzbergen, Insects from ... ... ... ... ... 260

Staphylinidse of Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... 22

Stylops, Habits of ... ... ... ... ... ... 280

Tenthredinidse and Ichneumonidaj of Japan ... ... ... ... 280

' Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis ' ... ... ... ... 72

Trap-door spiders, Kemarks on ... ... ... ... ... 259

Turkestan, Projected work on the natural history of ... ... ... 21

Varieties of British Lepidoptera .. ... ... ... ... JSS

Wlieat from Japan and Australia infested by Sitophilus ... ... 259

Xylocopa, Monograph of the genus ... ... ... ... ,.. 2I6

SPECIAL INDEX.

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE
.. 138

.. 50
.. 51
.. 39

Actocliaris marina ...

^thalides (g. n.), F. Bates

punctiponnis (sp. n.), F- B.

Aetophorus imperialis near Ilford

Agabus sexualis and Solieri, Synon3'my of 138

55
135
132
132
135
133
133
131
135
136
136

Auisocalvia (g. n.), Crotch
Anisotoma anglica, Bye ...

circinipes (sp. n.), Rye

convexa

grandis...

lateritia

macropus (sp. n.), Rye

multipunctata (sp. n.), Rj'e

pallens ...

puncticollis

Russian spp. of

Anoplogiiathus parvulus (sp. ii.), C. 0.

Waterhouse ... ... ... ... 75

Antherophagus silaceus ... ... ... 84

Anthribidae from Ne\\f Zealand 29

Aphanocepbalus Wollastoni(sp.n.), Rye... 167
Apion sanguineum .. ... ... ... 159

Apsida, Lac, characterized ... ... 15

jeneomicans (sp. n.), F. Bates ... 16

Belti (sp. n.), F. Bates 16

Boucardi (sp. n.), F. Bates ... 17
clirysoinelina (sp. n.), F. Bates ... 15
purpureomicans (sp. n.), F. Bates 16

Atomaria badia 159

Bagous sp. ? near frit 84

Baridius aterrimus (sp. n.), C. 0. Water-
house ... ... ■■ ■.. ■■■ 226

Bembidium 14-striatum 137

Blind Coleoptera from Italy 1

Bostrichus Bulraerincqii, Kolen 229

Bryoporus rugipennis, var. ... ... 158

Byrrhidae from Japan, Genus of 33

Calathus nubigena ... .. ■. ■■■ 137

Cathormiocerus maritimus (sp. n.), Rye .. 176

socius ... ■■. ... 177

Catops colonoides in Dorset 112

Cerambj'x heros, ? British Ill

Cetonia aurata in October 178

Ceuthorhynchideus Chevrolati 18

" Ceuthorhynchus crassidentatus, Mar-
shall " 18

viduatus near Ilford .. 39

Chiasognathus pubescens (sp. n.), C. O.

Waterhouse 110

Cicindela cathaica (sp. n.), H. W. Bates 265

chontalensis (sp. n.), „ 264

delicata (sp. n.), „ 265

granulipeunis (sp. n.), ,, 265

hilariola (sp. n.), „ 263

igneicollis (sp. n.), „ 262

immanis (sp. n.), ,, 266

nebulosa (sp. n.), „ 263

Wallace! (sp. n.), „ 264

Cis punctulatus ... ... ... ... 158

Cleonus uebulosus near London ... ... 19

Coccinellidae from Japan 54

Coenopsis fissirostris in Devon ... ... 112

Coleoptera common to Europe and Japan 172

, Notes on capture of 39, 83, 112, 118,
158, 159, 252

Colon rufescens ... ... ... ... 39

Colydiidoe from New Zealand 9

Copelatus signatus (sp. n.), Sharp ... 53

Corylophidie from Japan 167

Cryptamorpha fasciata (sp. n.), Wollaston 169

Cryptophagus parallelus 158

CurculionidEE, Notes on British 18

Cymindis lineata, Dej. ... ... ... 83

Dendrodipnis (g. n.), Wollaston ... .. 33

coenosus (sp. n.), Well. ... 34

Delognatha brevicornis (sp. n.), F. Bates... 48

Buckleyi (sp. n.), „ ... 49

Lacordairii, Lac, types ... 49

puncticollis (sp. n.), F. Bates 49

Diaperis Lewisi (sp. n.), F. Bates ... 14

sanguineipennis (sp. n.), F. Bates 14

Dineutes truncatus (sp. n.). Sharp ... 54

Drilus, Habits of ? 68

Dromius oblitus ... ... ... . • • 74

quadrimaculatus, var 251

vectensis (sp. n.), Rye 73

Drypta deutata inland 253

Elater prajustus, Schiodte, Synonymy of.. 138

Epitoxicum (g. n.), F. Bates 46

haplandroides (sp. n.), F. B .. 46

Erirhinus tremuke in Dorset 112

Etnalis (g. u.). Sharp 32

spinicollis (sp. n.), Sharp 32

Euryporus picipes at Chatham 253

Gymnetron rostellum 84,112

Gyrophsena pulchella
Harpalus luteicornis not British
quadripunctatus...

... 159
... 229
68, 158

PAGE

Hcteromera, Notes on ... ... 14,45

Holoparamecus, Table of species of ... 201

capitatus (sp. n.), Woll... 202

contractus (sp. n.), „ ... 203

ellipticus (sp. n.), „ ... 201

signatus (sp. n.), „ ... 202

Homalota elegantula ... .. 84,112

fungicola and ignobilis. Sharp,
Synonymy of ... ... 138

londinensis. Slip., Synonymy of 138

rufotestacea (?)... ... ... 39

sj'lvicola ... ... ... 112

testaceipes ... ... ... 253

Hylurgus piniperda ... ... ... 209

Ischiodontus Candezei (sp. n.\ Ritsema ... 223

Isouychus maculatus (sp, n.), C. 0. Water-
house 203

Laccophilus apicalis (sp. n.), Sharp ... 53

Lawsonia (g. n.), Sharp 30

longicornis (sp. n.), Sharp ... 30

variabilis (sp. n.), Sharp ... 31

Leptinustestaceus in numbers at entrance

of nest of Bombus ... ... ... 84

Leucohimatium breve (sp. n.), WoUaston 170

Liosomus oblongulus ... 84, 138, 253

troglodytes (sp. n.), Rye 136, 253

Lyme.xylon navale in Cheshire ... ... 83

Magdalinus carbonarius in Northumberland 83

duplicatus 158

Maraga, Walker ... ... ... ... 17

Megacephala excelsa (sp. n.), H. W. Bates 261

Megalophrys Watcrhousii (sp. n.), F. Bates 47

Melasis buprestoides near Chatham . . . 252

Meligethes morosus ... ... ... 138

symphyti on Agraphis nutans 39

Menthophilus tuberculatus (sp. n.), C. 0.

Waterhouse ... ... ... ... 170

Monotonia 4- foveolata in Shepp3^ 84

Mj'cetiEa and Sj'nibiotes, Relations of ... 224

Nanophyes gracilis... ... ... ... 159

Odontocheila nicaraguensis (sp. n.),

H. W. Bates 268
rufiscapis (sp. n.), „ 268

Salvini (sp. n.), „ 267

Olistherus 138

Onosterrhus pun'ctulatus (sp. n.), F. Bates 61
Orchestes melanocephalus... ... ... 18

semirufus ... ... 18

Orthogonius ... ... ... ... 17

Oxychila gratiosa (sp. n.), H. W. Bates... 262

Oxypoda rupicola. Rye 158

Oxytclus clypeonitens 84

Pediacus dcrmestoidcs near London 19, 39

Xlll.
PAHIO

Peneta cervus (sp. n.), F. Bates .. .. 50

Pha?nocephalus (g. u.), Wollaston ... 167

castanous (sp. n.), Woll.... 168

Platytarsus sctulosus ... ... ... 253

Podabrus alpinus, var. ... ... ... 158

Polpogcnia Laglaizii (sp. n.), F. Bates ... 47

Pron.yssa nodicoUi.s (sp. n.), !I. W. Bates 268

Ptenidium turgidum ... ... 39, 252

Pterostichus nigrita, Mountain form of... 252

Salpingus seratus in Devon ... ... 112

Saula japonica (sp. n.), Gorham ... ... 224

Scarabseidse from Australia and Japan . . . 175

Scopaeus subcj'lindricus ... ... ... 138

Scj'dmaenus Godarti at Loughton ... 39

prajteritus, Rye ... ... 84

Silis apicalis (sp. n.), C. 0. Waterli. ... 157

Silvanus similis ... ... ... ... 159

Stenus opacus near Ilford... ... ... 39

Stilbus 138

Stilicus fragilis in Dorset... ... ... 112

Symbiotes niponensis (sp. n.), Gorham ... 225

Tarphiomimetes (g. n.), Wollaston ... 9

Lawsoni (sp. n.), Woll.... 11

viridipicta (sp. n.), Woll. 11

Tarphiomimus (g. n.), Wollaston ... 12

indentatus (sp. n.), Woll... 13

Temnoplectron lasve (sp. n.), C. 0. Waterh. 175

parvulum(sp.n.), „ 175

Tetracha fuliginosa (sp. n.), H. W. Bates 261

Thallestus rufopictus(sp.n.), Wollaston... 172

sufFusus (sp. n.), „ ... 171

throscoides (sp. n.), „ ... 171

Therates Erinnys, (sp. n.), H. W. Bates... 269

Throscus carinifrons in Dorset 112

obtusus in profusion ... ... 84

near Ilford 39

Tomicus nigritus 209

.stenographus 209

Toxicura Chcvrolati, Montr 52

picticolle (sp. n.), F. Bates ... 45

Trachj'plihfus myrmecophilus corroborated
as British 138

Trichonyx Majrkeli 112

Triphyllus Lewisianus (sp. n.), Wollaston 170

Trogophkuus foveolatus 84

Tropis dimidiata (Australian) in London... 83

Tychius ha;matoceplialus 157

Typhlodes (g. n.), Sharp 1

italicus (sp. n.), Sharp 2

Water-beetles from Central America 53

DIPTERA.

Cecidomyia salicis, Galls of
Pulex obtusiceps and talpae
Volucella bombjians, Development of

PAGE

.. 39

.. 228
.. 196

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

Amblytylus affinis ...

Bug, Notes on a British ... 91, 119, 165,

Callicorixa (sul)g. n.), P. B. White

Cevaleptus lividus, Note on

Corixa, Notes on the " strigil " in the <J of
British species of, &c. ... 60,

Cymatia

Emesa corsicensis (sp. n.), Scott ..

Emesodema Huttoni (sp. n.), Scott

Hemiptera : Thomson, Opusc. Eut. 187,

91, 119,
F. B. White ...

91, 119,

Loxops coccineus . . .

Macrocoleus sordidus

Macrocorixa (subg. n.

Oncotylus pilosus ...
tanaceti ..

Oreinocorixa (subg. n.), F. B. White

Orthostira biseriata ... ... ... 189,

cassidea ... ... ... 187,

cj'lindricornis ... ... 188,

iiigrina 188,

parvula ... 188,

platychila 187,

recticosta ... . . ... 189,

Plagiotylus (g. n.) maculatus (sp. n.), Scott

Tinicephalus hortuhinus ... 91, 119,

278

183

277

, 75
63
271
271
242
, 92
165
62
278
165
63
243
242
243
243
243
243
243
273
165

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.

Agallia brachyptera 238

puncticeps ... ... ... ... 236

venosa ... ... ... ... 237

Bythoscopidffi, Revision of British 22, 80, 126,

189, 235

Bythoscopus alui ...
fruticola
rufusculus ...
Cixius containinatiis in Cheshire...
Idiocorus adustus ...

coufusus ...

fulgidus ...

H-album...

laminatus

lituratus ...

populi

tremuloe ...

venustus ...

126

241

211

26, 92

239

Issufl coleoptratu.s in the Midland counties 211

Liburnia guaranianensis (sp. n.), Scott

Lethierryi (sp. n.), „

Marshalli, (sp. n.), „

perspicillata

scutellata (sp. n.), Scott
Macropsis lanio

raicrocephala ...
Pediopsis cereus

distinctus (sp. n.), Scott

f uscinervis

impurus ...

nanus

nassatus...

scutellatus

tibialis (sp. n.), Scott ...

tiliae

ulmi (sp. u.), Scott

virescens

PAGE

... 106

... 105

... 104

... 270

... 107

... 23

... 22

... 130

... 191

... 192

... 190

... 235

... 193

... 194

... 195

... 128

... 129

... 189

HYMENOPTERA.

Aleria (g. n.), flavibarbis (sp. n.), Marshall 208

Andricus amenti ... ... ... ... 85

curvator ... ... ... ... 39

inflator ... ... ... .. 85

quadrilineatus ... ... 39, 85

ramuli ... ... ... ... 39

Apanteles placidus 211

Biorrhiza renum ... ... ... ... 39

Blennocampa pusilla .. 113

Camponiscus " Heahei," Newin. (=;Ten-

thredo luridiventris. Fall.) ... ... 84

Cienoneura Dahlbomi ... ... 85

Cynips ferruginea ... ... ... ... 85

marginalis ... ... ... ... 85

Dolerus gibbosus ... ... ... 278

Dryinus corsicus (sp. n.), Marshall ... 207

Hoplocampa pectoralis ... ... ... 273

rutilicornis ... ... ... 113

Isobrachium maculipenne (sp. n.), Marshall 222

Leptocercus, Hartig (=Hemichroa, Steph.) 84

Nematus ciuereae

... 278

croceus

... 211

graminis (sp. n.), Cameron ... 221

Kirbyi

... 278

mollis ... ... •

... 212

obductus

... 211

pallipes

.. 211

quercus

... 160

ribesii, larva of ...

... 21

viridis ...

... 211

Pa?cilosoma obtusum

... 278

pulveratum ...

.. 69

Spatbogastcr vesicatrix

Strongylogaster filicis

mixtus

Taxonus coxalis

glottianus (sp. u.). Cameron
sticticus ...
Tenthredo carinata. . .
moniliata

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acra>a Cj'donia (sp. u.), Ward ...
RabbaiiB „ „

Rogersi „ Hewitsou
Sambavaj „ Ward ...
Agrotis agathina ...
Auchylopera biarcuaua
comptana
derasana
diminutana ...
inornatana ...
Luudana

PAGE

.. 85

.. 69

.. 278

.. 113

.. 220

. 113

. 69

.. 160

59
152
57
59
178
90
96
96
96
95

Mitterbacheriana ...

.. 95

mj'rtillana

.. 96

obtusana

.. 96

paludana

.. 96

ramella

.. 95

siculana

... 96

subarcuana ...

... 95

uncaua

... 96

unguicella

... 96

upupana

... 95

AnisotKiiia ulmana

... 144

Apainea gemina, Larva of...

... 275

Apatura Cleocbares (sp. u.), Hewits.

... 58

Arg3'nni8 Apbrodite

... 250

Bellona

... 250

Cybele

... 250

Idalia

... 250

Mj-riua

... 250

Niobe

... 253

Argyrotoza Conwayana

... 97

Astheuia cognatana (sp. n.), Barrett

... 244

coniferana

... 244

cosmopborana

... 245

pygma'ana

... 245

splendidulana

... 245

strobilella

... 245

Asycbna profugella bred ...

... 90

Avcntia flexula. Larva of

... 42

Bactra furfurana

... 97

lanceolana .

... 97

uligiuosaua ..

... 97

Batracbedra pneangusta ... 90,

Brahmiea japoiiica (sj). n.), Butler

Calamia pbragniitidia

Capua ocbraceana ...

Caradrina Morpbeus, Larva of ...

Cartella bilunana ...

Catoptria aspidiscana

caecimaculana ...

cana

conterminana

expallidaua

fulvana ...

Hohenwartbiana

modestaua

parvulana

Scopoliana

Cbaraxes Cedreatis (sp. n.), Hewits.
Jasius, Larva of
nobilis (sp. n.), Druce...
Pythodoris „ Hewits.
Chimatopbila mixtana
Coccyx distinctana...
finitimana ...
Hyrciniana

Coleophora fuscociliella

Colias Cffisonia

cbrysotheme

Philodice

Crambus pinetellus, Larva of
CrcEsia Bergmanniana
Forskaleana
Holmiana ...
Danais Arcbippus ...

Debis Portlandia

Diauthcecia conspersa, Black variety
Dicrorampba berbosana ...
Dictyopteryx contamiuaua
Lcjcflingiana...
Sbepherdana
Emmelesia blaudiata
Ennycbia octomaculalis ...
Epbestia elutella, Larva of
Ephippipbora argyrana

nigricostana
regiana
Trauniana ...
vernana
Ephyra pendularia, Larva of
Epitola Carcina (sp. n.), Hewitsou
Cophena „ „

Ceraunia ,, „

Corcene „ „

XV.

PAGE

118, 140
... 56
... 180
... 65
... 254
... 65
7, 39
... 9
... 4
... 9
... 9
... 5
... 5

i, 7

247

113

, 98

. 65

. 40

. 249

. 162

. 98

250

251

179

213

146

150

151

149

150

of.

p.\f;E

Epitola Hyetta (sp. n.),

Hevvits...

... 150

Zelza

„

... 151

Eroiiia Zelinda „

Ward .

... 59

Eubolia lineolata, Larva

... 255

Eucelis auratia

... 146

Eupitliecia dodoneata

... 277

expallidata bred

... 118

siiccenturiata bred

... 118

Eupoecilia ciliella ...

... 40

Eurj'pheue Pluto (sp. n

), Ward .

.. 59

Gelechia Benedenii „

Weyenl

). ... 122

morosa

... 44

Geometra smaragdaria

... 180

Godartia Wakefieldii (sp

. n.), Wai

d ... 152

Gouepteryx rliamni

... 20

Goniloba Tityrus ...

... 251

Gracilaria onouidis . . .

... 232

Grapta comma

... 250

interrogationis

... 250

Halonota biiaaculana

.. 34

Brunnichiana

... 37

cirsiaiia ...

... 35

costipunctana

... 37

foenella . . .

.. 37

graiidaivana

37, 259

inopiana ...

.. 37

novana ...

.. 37

Piiugiana

ravulaiia ...

.. 37

scutulaua

... 35

tetragonaua

... 37

trigemiuana

... 34

turbidana

... 37

Hanna Harmilla (sp. n.

, Hewits.

... 274

Heliada „

„

... 274

Hedya aceriana

. 67

dealljana

.. 66

lariciana

... 66

miiiutaiia ...

.. 67

neglectaiia ...

... 67

ocellaiia

... 66

pauperaiia ...

... 67

Paykulliana

... 66

Servilliaiia ...

... 67

simplaua

... 66

trimaculana

... 67

Heliconia Theudela (sp.

u.), llevvit

s. ... 224

Heliotbis dipsacea ...

... 162

marginata

... 178

Hemerosia Rhediella

... 08

Hermiuia barbalis

100

cribralis ...

... 103

PAGE

Hermiuia derivalis ... ... ... .. 102

tarsipennalis ... ... .. 101

Hesperia Actiuoii, Larva of 86

Abatou 251

Wansutta ... ... ... 251

Heusimene fimbriana ... ... ... 247

Hypolyca?na Armiia (sp. u.), Hewits. ... 124

Buxtoni „ „ ... 206

Mera ... „ „ ... 124

Naara... „ „ ... 124

lolaus Bolissus „ „ ... 123

Canissus „ „ ... 123

carina ,, „ ... 122

Lampides cassioidos ,, Murray 108, 120

pseudocassius „ „ ... 126

Lampronia Luzella ... ... ... 40

Leucauia albipuncta ... ... 118,180

Limacodes asellus, Larva of ... ... 70

Liptena Tera (sp. n.), Hevvits 125

Litbosia griseola ... .. ., 69,117

quadra. Larva of... ... ... 217

stramiiieola ... ... 69, 117

Lycfeiia Alsus, Larva of .. 43

Phcebe (sp. n.), Murray 107

Pryeri „ „ 126

Melitaja Artemis, var. ii. bibeniiea, Murray 154

Pbaeton ...
Miana literosa, Larva of ...
Micropteryx Thuubergella
Mimieseoptilus aridus, Larva of ...
Mycalesis Ibitina (sp. n.), Ward...
Neptis Nebrodes „ Hewits.
Nicomedes „ „

Nicoteles „ „

Noctua glareosa, Variety of
Nouagria gemiiiipuncta, Larva of

neurica, Larva of
Notodonta bicolora
Nymphalis Artbemis
Disippus
Eurytris
Ursula ...
Ophiodes lunaris ...
Oxygrapba Boscana
literana
scab ran a
scotaua
Pacbnobia alpina bred
Pasdisca opbtbalmicana
piceana
Solandriana
stabilaiia ...

,. 250

.. 88

. 40

,. 182

.. 60

,. 206

.. 205

,. 206

.. 181

.. 230

. 275

180, 212, 213, 230, 253

251

tlS

Pampliila Sylvanus
Pamplusia inonticolana
Papiiio Asterias

Colonna (sp. n.), Ward
Philonoe „ „

Thoas

Troilus

Turuus
Paramesia aspersana
caledoniana
ferrugana
Pentila Caniuta (sp. n.), Hewits.

Tirza „ .,

Peronea comparana
cristana
favillaceana
Hastiana ...
Lipsiaua ...
Maccana ...
permutana
potentillana
proteana ...
nxfana
Sclialleriana
tristana
umbrana ...

variegana

Pliibalopterj'x lapidata

Phyciodes Tharos

Phycis (?) Davisellus, Larva of
Ph3i;ometra oenea, Egg, &c., of
Pieris oleracea

Protodice
Pcecilochroma Boucliardana
corticana . . .
Hawkerana
oppressana . . .
profundana
signatana . . .
tenerana . . .
Polia nigrocincta, Larva of
Polyomiuatus Thoe
Pterophorus lithodactylus...
Pyrameis Atalanta.
cardui
Huntera .
Retinia Buoliana .
duplana
occultana .
pinicolana .
pinivorana .
resinella

PAGE
. 230

Retinia sylvestrana

XVll.
PAGE

... 246

. 247

Turionella

... 246

. 248

Rhodopliaja marmorea, Larva of . .

... 214

. 151

Roxana arcuana

... 144

. 152

Satyrus Alope

... 251

. 248
. 248

Semasia gallicolana

Jauthiiiana

... 144
... 145

. 248

nanana

... 145

. 143

obscurana

144, 244

. 143
. 143

populana

rufillana

... 144
... 145

. 125

spiniana

... 144

. 125

vacciniana

... 146

.. 98

Wceberana

... 145

. 143

Sericoris irriguana and Daleana .

.. 276

. 100

Sesia andrajniformis

... 161

.. 100

apiformis

162, 181

.. 100

asiliformis

... 161

. 100

bembeciformis

... 162

.. 143
.. 99

chrysidiformis
culiciformis

... 160
... 160

.. 99

.. 98

cynipiformis

foi-micifonnis

... 160
... 160

.. 100

ichneumoniformis ...

... 160

.. 100
.. 100

philantliiformis
scoliiformis ... ...

... 160
161

.. 143

spbegiformis

... 161

.. 155

Sphinx convolviili

139

.. 250

Steganoptycha geminana ...

.. 89

nsevana

.. 139

ustomaculana

.. 249
.. 249
.. 143

Stibomorpha (g. n.) decorata (sp. n
Stigmonota compositella ...
dorsana

), Butler 205

147

148

.. 143

Heegerana

147

.. 143

internana

148

.. 144

interruptana ...

148

.. 143

Leplastriana ...

148

.. 144

nitidana

146

.. 143

orobana

148,244

.. 89
.. 251

perlepidana . . .
Weirana

148

146,244

.. 40

Stilbia anomala

179

.. 250
.. 250

Tceniocampa gothica, var. gothicina . . . 277
Teras caudana 143

.. 250
.. 245
.. 246

.. 247
.. 245
.. 246

Terias Delia

Thalpocliares parva
paula

Vanessa Antiopa 20

Xylina conformis

Zygasna meliloti, Larva of...

249

, 40, 139, 250
276

lie

.. 246

NEUROPTERA {in the Lhinean senxe).

PARE

Acanthaclisis americana ... ... ... 210

Agrion, Mode of egg-laying of 163

Anax longipes ... ... .. ... 227

Brachycentrus subnubilus, Larva of ... 257

Cfficilius Dalii 118

Cordulia cyncsura . . . ... ... ... 228

Halesus auiicoUis ... ... ... ... 140

Hemerobina inconspicuus... ... ... 91

pellucidus 118

Hetajvina Titia 210

Megalomus hirtus near Aberdeen ... 90

PAGE

Micromus ai)hidivoru3 118

Neuroptera at Weybridge... ... ... 91

Nothochrysa capitata ... ... ... 91

Oniscigaster (g. n.), McLachlan 109

Wakefieldi (sp. n.), McL. . llQ

Ptynx appendiculatus . 228

Pyrrbo.soma tenellum 91

Semblis ecaudata 228

Sisyra terminalis ... ... ... ... 91

Sylphis angustipennis 227

Tachopteryx Thoreyi 227

Zetterstedt's Trichoptera, Notes on 163

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Allin, J. S

Bates, F

Bates, H. W., P.L.S

Barrett, C. G. ... 2, 19, 34, 65, 95,

Bean, Thomas E

Birchall, Edwin

Blackburn, J. B

Blackburn, Rev. T

Bold, T.J 6c

Briggg, T. H., M.A

Buckler, W. ... 42, 70, 86, 89, 100,
213, 214, 217, 230,

Butler, A. G., F.L.S

Cameron, Peter, Jun. . 21, 69, 84, 85,

Champion, G. C 39,

Cooke, Benjamin

Cowper, Richard

Dale, C. W

Doubleday, Henry

Douglas, J. W 92,

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S

Farn, A. B

Fenn, Charles

Fletcher, J. E

Gardner, J

Gill, R. Battershell, M.D

Gorham, Rev. H. S

Goss, Herbert

Hardy, J. Ray

Healy, Charles

Hellins, Rev. J., M.A. ... 43, 69, 100,
Hewitson, W. C, F.L.S. ... 57,122,

Hodgkinson, J. B.

Hodgson, A

Hutchinson, E. S. ...

Jenner, J. H. A

Jenner-Fust, H., M.A.

Jones, A. H

Jordan, R. C. R., M.D.

39," 90, 118

PAGE

19,88

14,45

.. 261

143, 243

... 248

153, 230

... 178

68, 252

», 83, 228

... 116

162, 182.

254, 275

56, 204

160, 211,

220, 278

158, 159

... 211

... 83

118, 140

... 253

187, 277

... 13

... 117

... 40

... 232

... 257

... 213

... 224

... 193

... 212

... 118

139, 255

149, 205,

247, 274

. 212, 276

... 181

... 277

... 70

.. 179

... 118

... 40

Lewis, George

Llewelyn, J. T. D., F.L.S.

McLachlan, R., F.L.S. ...90, 91,
183,

Marshall, Rev. T. A., M.A., F.L

Marshall, W. C

Meek, E. G

Moncreaff, H.

Miiller, A., F.L.S ...
Murray, Rev. R. P., M.A

Norman, George

Ormerod, Eleanor A

Pearson, J. H

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S. ... 71, 88, 89^

Ritsema, C

Rye, E. C, F.Z.S.

18, 73, 83,
167

Sahlberg, Dr. John

Sang, John

Saunders, E., F.L.S

Scott, John 22, 63, 80, 92, 104,
183, 187, 235,

Sharp, D.,M.B

Sidebothara, J. E

Smith, Rev. B

Smith, Frederick
Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S.
Stainton, H. T., F.R.S.
Traill, J. W. H., M.A.

Varley, J

Walker, J. J

Ward, A. O

Ward, Christopher, F.L.S
Waterhouse, C. O. ...17, 75, 157^
Waterhouse, E. A.

Wellman, J. R

Weyenbergh, Professor

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L

Wollaston, T. V., M.A., F.L.S

PAGE

54, 68, 172

270

109, 140, 163,
210, 227, 257

,.S. ...106, 207,

222

... 181

... 160

... 157

19,20

108, 126

... 21

... 196

... 113

I, 162, 181,

277

223

131, 136, 137,
176, 209, 229

242

140

... 91, 165

119, 126, 178,

27u, 271, 272

1, 29, 53, 232

... 83,253

256

Ill

180

... 39, 85

139

83, 159, 253

230

... 59, 151
175, 203, 226

261

139

121

,S. ... 60,75
,9,33,167,200

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCEIBED
IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

aENERA.

PAGE

. 50

^THALIDES, F. Bates

Desdkodipnis, WoUaston 33

'Eivmos.icvu, F. Bates 46

Etnalis, Sharp 32

LAvrsoNiA, Sharp 30

Phjenocephalus, WoUaston 167

Peontssa, S. W. Bates 267

TAEPniOMiMUS, WoUaston 12

TARPmoiiiMETES, WoUaston 9

Ttphlodes, S/iar/) 1

SPECIES.

^Etlialides punctipemiis, F. Bates, W.

Australia 51

Anisotoma circinipes, Ri/e, Japan 132

macropus, „ Fnc/land ... 133
multipunctata, „ Japan 131

Anoplognathus parvulus, C. O. Water-
house, F. Australia 75
AphaiiocL'pIiHlus Wollastoiii, Rye, Japan.. 167
Apsida xucomicsm.s, F. Bates, 3Iexico ... 16
Belti, „ Nicaragua 16
Boucardi, „ Mexico ... 17
chr3'Somelina, „ Nicaragua 15
purpureomicans, „ N.Granada 16

Baridius aterrimus, C. O. Waterhouse,

Singapore 226

Cathonniocerus maritimus, Rye, England 176

Cicindela cathaica, S. W. Bates, TI.Kong 265

chontaleusis, „ Nicaragua 264

delicata, „ N. Guinea 265

grauulipeiinis, „ Ecuador... 265

hilariola, „ Persia ... 263

igneicollis, „ W. Aus-

tralia 263

immauis, „ Yemeni ... 266

uebulosa, „ Nicaragua 263

Wallacei, „ Celebes ... 264

Chiasognathus pubescens, C. O. IJ'atcr-

house, Venezuela 110

Copelatus signatus, Sharp, Nicaragua ... 53

Cryptamoi-pha fasciata, Woll., Japan . . . 169

Delognatha brevicornis, F. Bates, Esp.

Santo 48

Buckleyi, „ Ecuador 49

puncticoUis, „ Brazil 49

Dendrodipnis ccenosus, Woll., Japan 34

Diaperis Lewisi, F. Bates, Japan 14

sanguinipennis, „ Ceylon 14

Dineutes truncatus, Sharp, Nicaragua ... 54

Dromiu3 vectensis, Rye, England 73

Epitoxicumhaplandroides, P. i?afes, Jw'^^ia 46

Etnalis spinicoUis, Sharp, N. Zealand ... 32

Holoparamecus capitatus, Woll., Japan... 202

contractus, „ „ ■•• 203

ellipticus, „ „ ■•■ 201

signatus, „ „ ■•■ 202

Ischiodontus Candezei, Ritsema, Congo... 223

Isonychus maculatus, C. O. Waterhouse,

Granada 203

Laccopbilus apicalis, Sharp, Nicaragua... 53

Lawsonia longicornis, „ N. Zealand.. 30

variabilis, „ „ ... 31

Leucohimatium breve, Wall., Japan 170

Liosomus troglodytes, Rye, England 136

Megacephala excelsa, S. W. Bates, Ribe 261

Megalophrys Waterbousii, F. Bates,

Valdivia 47

Menthophilus tuberculatus, C. O. Water-
house, N. Holl. 176

Odoutocheila nicaraguensis, S. W. Bates,

Nicaragua 268

rufiscapis, S. W. Bates,

Ecuador 268

Salvini,

Panama 267

Onosterrhus punctulatus, F. Bates, W.
Australia

Oxyclieila gratiosa, S. W. Bates, N.

Granada 262

Peneta cervus, F. Bates, Peru 50

Pbaenocepbalus castaneus, Woll., Japan... 168

Polpogenia Laglaizii, F. Bates, W. Africa 47

Pronyssa nodicollis, S. W. Bates, Dar-

jeeling 267

Saula japonica, Gorham, Japan 224

Silis apicalis, C. O. Waterhouse, Angola.. 157

Symbiotes niponensis. Gar Iiam, Japan ... 225

Tarphiomimetes Lawsoni, Woll., N.

Zealand

11
11
13

Tcamoplectron loeve, C. O. Walirhousc,

Queensland 176

parvuluni, „ Japan 176

viridipicta,
Tarpbioininius indentatus.

XX.

PAGE

Tetracha fuliginosa, M. W. Bates,

Nicaragua 261

Thallestus nifopictus, Woll., Japan 172

suffusus, „ „ 171

throscoides, „ „ 171

Therates 'E.rmnyi,II.W.Bates, N.Borneo 269
Toxicuin picticolle, TP. Bates, Neio

Crmnea..Ab, 52
Triphyllus Lewisianus, Woll., Japan ... 170
Typhlodes italicus, Sharp, Florence 2

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

GENUS.
Plagiottlus (Fieber), Scott 272

SUB-GEISTERA.

Callicoeisa, White 62

Maceocokixa, „ 62

Oeeinocoeixa, „ 63

SPECIES.

Emesa corsicensis, Scott, Corsica 271

Emesodema Huttoni, „ N.Zealand... 271

Plagiotylus maculatus, „ Torla 273

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.

Idiocerus venustus, Scott, England 240

Liburnia guaramaneusis, „ Spain... 106

Letbierryi, „ Corsica.. 105

Marsballi, „ „ lOJl

snutellata, „ England 107

Pediopsis distinctus, ,, „ 192

tibialis, „ „ 195

ulmi, „ „ 129

HYMENOPTERA.

GENUS.

Aleeia, ilfars/iaZZ 208

SPECIES.

Aleria flavibarbis, Marshall, Corsica... 208

Dryinus covsicus, „ „ ... 2o7

Isobracbimn maculipenne, „ „ ... 222

Nematus graminis, Cameron, Britain ... 221

Taxonus glottiaims, „ Scotland . . . 220

LEPIDOPTERA.
GENUS.

SiiBOMOEPnA. Butler 204

SPECIES.

Acrica Cydonia, Ward, Camaroons and.

Acrxa. Rogersi, Hewits., Angola 57

sambavae, Ward, Madagascar ... 59

ATpstvLi-a. C\eocha.res, Heivits., Angola ... 58

Asthenia cognataua, Barrett, Scotland... 244

Brahma;a Japonica, Butler, Japan ... 56

Charaxes Cedreatis, Setvits., W. Africa.. . 247

nobilis, Driice, Old Calabar ... 13

Pytbodoris, Hewits., Angola ... 57

Epitola Carcina, Hewits., Old Calabar... 150

Cephena, „ Gaboon...-. 151

Ceraunia, „ W.Africa 149

Cercene, „ Angola 150

Hjretta, „ „ 150

Zelza „ Old Calabar... 151

Eronia Zelinda, Ward, Ribe and Angola 59

Eurj'pbene Pluto, ,, Camaroons 59

Gelecbia Benedeiiii, Wei/enb., St. Vincent 122

Godartia Wakefieldii, Ward, Ribe 152

Harma Harmilla, Hewits., Cameroons 274

Heliada, „ „ 274

Helicouia Tbeudela, „ Fanama ... 224

Hj'polj^Cffina Aruma, „ Gaboon ... 124

Buxtoni, „ S. Africa... 206

Mera, „ Angola ... 124

Naara, „ „ ... 124

lolaus Bolissus, Hewits., Congo 123

Canissus, „ S.Africa 123

Carina, „ W.Africa 122

Lampides pseudocassius, Murray,

Brisbane... 108, 126

Liptena Tera, Hewits., Gaboon 125

Lycseua Phcebe, Miirray, Australia... 108

Piyeri, „ Japan 126

Melitaja Artemis, var. bibernica, Birchall,

Ireland 154

Mycalesis Ibitina, Ward, Madagascar ... 60

Neptis Nebrodes, Hewits., Angola 206

Nicomedos, „ „ 205

Nicoteles, „ „ 206

Papilio Colomia, Ward, Ribe 151

Philonoe, „ „ 152

Pentila Carnuta, Hewits., Gaboon 125

Tiiza, „ „ 125

Stibomorplia decorata, i?«</cr. Chili 205

NEUROPTERA.

GENUS.
OuisciGASTEE, McLacli 109

Rabbaiif.

Ribe

SPECIES.

Angola 59 i Oiiisci-astcr Wakclieldi, McLnch..

152 " N. Zealand 110

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT
FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.
GENUS.
Hyluegus, Latr

PAGE

.. 209

SPECIES.

Anisotoma macropus (sp. n.), Rye 133

pallens, Sturm 135

Cathormiocerus maritimus (sp. n.), Bye... 176

Dromius vectensis (sp. n.), Rye 73

Harpalus quadripuiictatus, DeJ 68, 158

Hylurgus piniperda, Fab 209

Liosomus troglodytes (sp. n.), Rye 136

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.
GENUS.

hos.ovs, Fieb 62

SPECIES.
Loxops coccineus, Meyer 64

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.

Agallia brachyptera, Boh 238

By thoscopus alni, Schrank 82

rufusculus, Fieb 241

Idiocerus confusus, Flor 81

fulgidus, J'a^ 80

n-aWmm, Fieb 26,92

venustus (sp. n.), Scott 239

Liburnia perspicillata, Boh 270

scutellata (sp. u.), Scott 107

Pediopsis cereus, fferw 130

distinctus (sp. n.), Scott 191

fuscinervis, i?o/i 192

impuius, Boh 190

nanus, H.-Seh 235

tibialis (sp. n.), Sco^f 195

tiliiB, Germ 128

ulmi (sp. n.), Sco« 129

HEMENOPTERA.
GENUS.

CcENONEUEA, Thoms 85

[N.B. — Thomson writes this genus
Casnoneura ; but, from his diag-
nosis, evidently in error.]

SPECIES.

Andricus amenti, Gir

quadriliueatus, Stff 39,

Blennocampa pusilla, Stff

C3aiips ferruginea, Htff

Hoplocompa pectoralis, Thoms

rutilicornis, Khig

Nematus croceus, Fall

graminis (sp. n.), Cameron

rKollis, Mart

obductus, Sart

pallipes, Fall

quercus, Sart

Poecilosoma obtusum, Thoms

pulveratum, Retz

Spatbogaster vesicatrix, Schlecht

Strongylogaster filicis, Klug

mixtus, „

Tasonus coxalis, Stg

glottianus (sp. n.), Cameron ...

? sticticus, JLlug

Teutbredo mouiliata, Klug

85
, 85
113
85
278
113
211
221
212
211
211
160
278
69
85
69
278
113
220
113
160

LEPIDOPTERA,

Ancbylopera inornatana, if.-Sc/j 95

Astbenia cognatana (sp. n.), Barrett 244

Tlialpocliares paula, Hilbu 19

LARV.E OF BRITISH SPECIES DESCRIBED IN THIS

VOLUME.

LEPIDOPTEEA.

Apamea gemina, W. Buckler ■

Aventia flesula, ,, ...

Caradrina morpheus, „ - - ■

Crambus pinetellus, ,,

Ephestia elutcUa, ,, " " "

Ephyra pendularia, G. T. Porritt - -

Eubolia lineolata, Rev. J. Hellins

Hurminia barbalis, W. Buckler

„ cribralis, Rev. J. Hellins

„ ■ derivalis, W. Buckler

„ tarsipennalis, „ - -

Hesperia Actaeon, „ ...

Limacodes asellus, „

Lithosia quadra, „ . . .

Lycsena Alsus, Rev. J. Hellins -
Miana literosa, G. T. Porritt
Noiiagria gerainipuncta, If". Buckler

„ neurica, „

Phycis (?) Davisellus, „

Zygajiia meliloti, T. H. Briggs . . .

NEUROPTERA.
Bracliycentrus subnubilus, R. McLachlan

42
254
162
213

71
255
100
103
102
101

8(!

70
217

81)
230
275

89
116

REVIEWS.

" Lcs Papillo'is Diurnes de Belgique." — L. Quaedvlieg - - - 44

" On the Ancostry of Insects." — -A. S. Packard, Jan. - - - 03

" Fifth Annual Report of the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the

State of Missouri."— C. V. Riley - - - - - 94

" Monograph of the Collenibola aud Thysanura." — Sir J. Lubbock - - 120

" Eudoraycici recitati." — H. S. Gorham . . . . . 141

" Researches in Zoology." — J. Blackwall ..... 141

"The Object and Method of Zoological Nomenclature." — D. Sharp - 215

" On the Origin aud Metamorphoses of Insects." — Sir J. Lubbock - - 215

" Lepidoptera — Rhopaloceres and Hetcroccrcs — indigenous and exotic." —

H. Strcckcr ----.-.. 233

OBITUARY

Alexis Fedtschenko
G. R. V. Frauenfeld
J. J, Kaup
J. R. Schiner
Charles Campbell
F. E. Gue'rin-Meneville

PAGE
141

166

183

233

W D - C U T S.

Oniscigaster Wakefield i, McLach. (sp. n.)
Volucella bombylans (7 figs.)

- 110
197—199

ERRATA.

Page 69, cancel lines 14 to 19 (inclusive) from bottom.
„ 156, line 8 from top, for " angulalis " read " cingulalis.
„ 175, „ 5 „ „ „ "undulata" „ " sinuafa."
„ 212, bottom line, „ " unability " „ " inahility.'"

THE

^SJ^ VOLUME X. ^/^

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF BLIND
COLEOPTERA FROM ITALY.

BY D. SHARP, M.B.

Ttphlodes : gen. noiK Xantholinorum, inter genera Leptacimim et
LeptoUnum locandum.

AntenncB geniculatce.

Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo prcecedente multo minore.

Oculi fere nidJi.

Thorax linea marginali sup>erio7'e dejiciente.

Coxis intermediis distantibus.

Labrum deeply divided in the middle, eacli of the two lobes rounded : labial
palpi very short, the terminal joint mnch more slender than the preceding joint, but
nearly as long as it. Maxillary palpi short, their terminal joint not more than half
the length or half the breadth of tlie preceding joint. Mandibles short, very stout.
Antennae rather long, the first joint elongate, and the second and third articulations
much longer than the following joints. Head with four obsolete furrows in front,
the lateral ones very oblique. Eyes apparently absent, but, on a minute examination
being made, traces of them are to be seen in the form of a very small and almost
ungranulated spot on each side of the head, close to the base of the mandible. Tho-
rax with the side piece broad in the middle but narrow at the base, the upper mar-
ginal line absent, except at the extreme base, where it is present, although very fine.
Anterior tarsi not dilated, but stouter than those of the other legs. Intermediate
coxae moderately separated ; breast very short. The four hinder tarsi slender. The
suture of the elytra imbricate.

The place of this genus appears to me to be between Leptacinus
and Leptolinus. It differs from Leptacinus by the elongate basal
joints of the antennae, by the indistinct frontal grooves, and by the
absence of the upper side-line of the prothorax. It is more nearly
allied to Leptolimis, from which it differs by the absence of eyes, by
its undilated anterior tarsi, by its shorter palpi, and by its distinctly
indicated frontal furrows. It has much of the form and size of a
slenderly built individual of Xantholimts tricolor.

1873.

2 [.Tune,

Typhlodes italicus, n. sp.

Linearis, sub-depressus, ferruqineus, sat nifidus ; protliorace
irregulariter minus dense punctato, area lata longitudinali
impunctatd ; eli/tris thorace hreviorihiis.

Long. Corp. (aldomine extenso) 5 tin.
Antennae ivdJisli, thickened towards the extremity, the basal joint a little curved,
about as long as the five following joints, 3rd joint longer than 2nd, 4th joint slightly
transverse, from this to the 10th each joint is a little broader than its predecessor,
tlie 10th being rather strongly transverse, the 11th joint is obtusely pointed, scarcely
twice as long as the 10th. Head a little darker in colour than the other parts,
broader than the thorax, a little narrowed towards the front, the hind angles rounded,
the upper surface rather finely punctured, the punctures at the back not so close but
more distinct than at the front. Thorax much longer than broad, narrowed towards
the base, its width near the front slightly greater than that of the elytra, the sides
irregularly punctured ; a broad space along the middle smooth. Scutellum almost
impunctate. Elytra shorter than the thorax, rather sparingly and irregularly punc-
tured. Hind-body sparingly punctured, rather broader towards the extremity than
at the base.

This very interesting insect was captured by Signor Bargagli in
tlie neiglibourliood of Florence, in the presence of Dr. C. A. Dolirn
of Stettin ; and it is to the liberality of the latter gentleman that I
am indebted for its communication. Full particulars of its capture
may be found in the Stett. ent. Zeit. 1871, p. 2/5, where, however,
the creature is alluded to under the name of Gh/ptomerus ctrnscus, to
which it bears a considerable resemblance in size and colour, though
very distinct therefrom structurally. I believe it has not yet been
found a second time.

Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfries :
bth May, 1873.

NOTES ON BRITISH TORTMICES.
BT C. G. BAREETT.

{continued from Vol. ix, ^. 267).

Peedisca piceana. Haw.— It is impossible to say with any cer-
tainty what Haworth's piceana is. " Wings all shining ; anterior
" pitchy, spotless ; posterior very pale fuscous," can hardly be con-
sidered a description of this species (Wood's figure 1030 is not recog-
nisable — indeed, Wocke quotes it as avar. of >S'o/<'r«(/rjV??irt), and, accor-
dingly, Doubleday, Wocke, and Zeller substitute semifuscana, Steph.,
the name of a striking variety of this species, about which there can
be no question, as it is figui'ed by both Stephens and Wood ; and this
name must be retained. Unfortunately, Wilkinson's description of

1872.] 3

piceana is also unsatisfactory, referring to but one variety, and that
by no means the commonest, and he also includes sordidana as a variety
of it, although this is actually synonymous with the next species.

The beautiful and rather uncommon form which originally bore
the name semifuscana is of a deep purple-brown along the costa, and
creamy-white along the inner margin, with three projections of the
dark colour into the white, one before the middle obtusely angulated,
one much more acute from beyond the middle, projecting towards the
anal angle, and a third pointing inwards from the apex of the wing.
Another variety has the costa and inner margin fuscous, wdth a bronzy-
brown streak down the middle, widening regularly from the base.
But the more ordinary forms are dark brown, fuscous, purplish-fuscous,
ochreous-brown, or reddish-brown, all \\dth more or less distinct darker
markings, consisting of an oblique sJighthj indented streak from near
the base of the inner margin, meeting another from near the anal
angle, and thus enclosing a dorsal blotch hardly paler than the ground
colour. In the reddish and ochreous-brown specimens these streaks
form the margins of fascise which reach the costa, and towards the
apex there are some dark blotches. A very curious dwarf variety is
found in Lancashire, of a pale fuscous or cinereous colour, with only
a faint indication of the apex of the second dorsal streak, and has been
placed in some collections as sordidana : it is certainly a variety of
semifuscana. This species may be readily distinguished from both
Solandriana and sordidana by its more shining appearance, slightly
narrower fore-wings, and the pale or whitish-grey colour of its hind-
v.ings.

The larva feeds on sallow, and the perfect insect may be found
among sallows from the end of July to the beginning of October.
Its haibit is to fly for about half-an-hour at dusk ; and it is rather easily
detected by an energetic collector through its pale hind-wings. Some-
times it flies again after dark, and is strongly attracted by a lantern.

Pcedisca stahilana, Steph.^ — Wilkinson's description of this species
is also unsatisfactory, and, indeed, appears more applicable to the
reddish varieties of semifuscana ; yet, from his observations in larger
print, it is evident that sordidana, Hiib., is the species referred to, and
this correction has accordingly been made by Mr. Doiibleday in his
list, as well as by Dr. Woeke.

This species is far m.ore constant in colour than Solandriana and
semifuscana, being of a dull, pale brown, covered with a reticulation
of minute dark brown scales, upon the depth and abundance of which.
its shade of darker or lighter colour depends. Its markings are very

^ [June,

indiatinct, consisting of an oblique, regularly curved streak from near
tlie base of the inner margin, meeting a very faint central fascia, and
tbereby enclosing a slightly paler blotch, which, from an indentation in
the central fascia, has a double apex.

It may best be distinguished from the allied species by its dull
brown colour ^nA. j>f^ile greyisli-hroion hind-wings. It flies in September
and October among alder, upon which its larva feeds, and is not un-
common in fenny and marshy districts.

'Pcedisca Solandriana, Linn. — This abundant species is so well
known, that a desci'iptiou of its numerous and striking varieties seems
unnecessary. It may generally be distinguished from the two pre-
ceding s]3ecies by its grey hind-wings with darker apex, and from
semifuscana also by the greater breadth of its fore-wings.

The larva feeds on birch and hazel, and the perfect insect flies,
like its congeners, at dusk, and is also readily beaten out of hedges in
the afternoon during July and August.

Pcedisca oplithalmicana, Hiib. — A very distinct species, said to
feed upon aspen (^Popiilus tremula).

Ciitoptria Scopoliana, Wilk. {non Haw.). — Professor Zeller tells
me that this is HolienwartJiiana of G-erman authors, but of this I must
say more presently, as there is great confusion in the names of this
and the two next species.

Haworth's description of Tortrix cnna (p. 456) — " "Wings greyish-
" white, somewhat clouded ivith fulvous, with oblique costal streaks
" silvered over toicards the tips'^ * * * "Very like the preceding
" (pupiUana =fidvana, Steph.) but different in colour, costal strigce
" more silvery, ocellus more silvery and continuous " — certainly refers to
this species : it can be no other. Stephens' description is a copy of
this, and Wood's fig. 987, though not very good, is evidently intended
for it — witness the longitudinal streaks.

Gruenee's carduana — " Head and thorax fulvous, anterior winga
" whitish, fulvous at the base, with longitudinal lines and clouds, and
" a silvery speculum with black lines. Posterior wings cinereous,
"paler in the middle in both sexes " — is also this species, and a far
better description of it ; but Haworth's description being fully recog-
nisable, I think it only just to restore his name. The synonymy of
this species will therefore be

{Catoptria, Gn.) cana, Haw., Steph., "Wood (987).
carduana, Gn.
Scopoliana, Wilk.
.'' Sohenwartliiana, Schiff., Tr., H.-S.

This species seems to be exclusively attached to thistles.

1873.] 5

Catoptria fulvana, Steph., Wilk. — Hawortli's description of. pupil-
lana — "Fore-wings inclined to fulvous, the costa having numerous
" short, oblique, white and fulvous streaks * * * the apex acute
" * * * an ocellus near the anal angle with an interrupted iris,"
&c., is clearly this species. Stephens' description oifulvana (pupillana
being a name already occupied in the genus) is a copy of Haworth's,
and Wood's fig. 986 agrees well with a specimen which I have received
from Mr. Doubleday — that is, one rather more uuicolorous than those
which I take near Norwich. Professor Zeller tells me that this is
jaceuna of Herrich-Schafer, but, as Stephens' name is long anterior, it
must be retained. Its synonymy will therefore be

{Catoptria, Gn.) fuhana, Steph., Wood (986), Wilk.
pupillana, Haw. (non Lin.).
jaceana, H.-S., Hein. (teste Zeller).

Wocke sinks it into a var. of Hohe nwarfliiana , making it synonym
mous with pupillana, Hiib., but not with fidvatia, Steph. : a curious
error.

This species is certainly very local, occurring principally on the
chalk. It is rather common in June near IS^orwich and at Brandon,
among Centaurea scabiosa, upon which its larva doubtless feeds. It
is unquestionably a distinct species, and may be readily known by the
pointed apex of its fore-wings, as well as by its delicate fulvous colour.

Catoptria Holienwarthia7ia,'WiW. — This name has been applied to
the species which Wilkinson described, upon the authority of Guenee,
who says it is certainly the Soliemcartliiana of Grerman authors. Pro-
fessor Zeller, however, assures me that it is quite new to him, while
he regards the common thistle species (cana) as Jloliemoarthiana.

With regard to this last name, Treitschke writes (vol. A-iii, p. 204),*
"Under the name of IIolienicartliiana,i\ie authors of the Vienna cata-
" logue, and all subsequent collectors at Vienna, have always under-
" stood simply Hiibner's ^?c_/)i77ffn«. The size is that of hamana,jei
" just as variable. Head and palpi are whitish-brown, thorax leather-
" brown, abdomen and legs silvery-grey, antennae dark brown. The
" anterior wings have a petrified-wood-like veined mixture of pale
" cinnamon colour and yellow and whitish-brown. From the second
" half of the costa arise about four pairs of white double lines, which,
" with the exception of the last straight pair, are all curved towards
" the apex of the wing. At the hinder margin under these streaks is
" a ivhite shield filled up tvith gold, and three black streaks. Before
" the cilia, which are of the ground colour, is a lohite line, and a row of
" very dark cinnamon-brown dots. * * *

* For this extract I am indebted to Mr. Stainton.— C. G. B.

Q [June,

" One finds varieties of this, as of the following specic=3 (hi/peri-
" cmta), in which the ground colour of the anterior wings is of a golden
"colour, others in which it is of a dark brown-grey. Sometimes also
" the shield and the white streaks are absent. These specimens can
" hardly he distinguished from hypericana. * * *

" The rather scarce imago should fly in July ; its larva should
" occur on Hypericum quadranrjulum " (I !).

Vol. X, part 3, p. 110, he adds the following note on Holienwar-
thiana — "It runs through, in a number of varieties, eveiy modification
" from light cinnamon-brown and red-brown to pale whitish yellow-
" grey. It is often confounded with hypericana, and the cinnamon
" coloured varieties of Hohemoarthiana are referred to that specie^.
" * * * A closer acquaintance with the true ^o7^e?»6','?r/7?i'«?w has
" shown me that the white marginal shield contains not ihree longitu-
" dinal streaks, but at most only ttoo, composed of spots, and rarely the
"traces of a third."

Of hypericana he says — " Specimens which I previously had re-
" ferred to this belong to the previous species {Hohemoarthiana^ :
" hypericana has in the marginal shield three, not composed of dots,
" distinct black longitudinal streaks. This character separates it most
" certainly from Hohenwarthiana.'"

Now, from all this it seems evident that Treitschke's Holienwar-
thiana was either a jumble of distinct species (possibly including the
present and its allies), or else a species not known in this country at
all, and very distinct from ours, and to this the passages in his descrip-
tion which I have italicised seem to point. There can be very little
risk of confusing either of the species of this group with liypericana,
neither does either of them show any preference for Hypericum qua-
drangulum ; indeed, they nearly always occur in chalky or sandy fields,
rather than in the marshy places and ditch pides in which the Hyperi-
cum loves to grow. Moreover, JLxxb'iiev'' ^ pupillana is of a dull yellowish-
brown, paler at the base, with leaden-silveiy markings, but far too
broad in the iving for either of the present species. Therefore, it
appears clear that we may safely drop the name Hohcnwartldana
altogether.

But Haworth's diagnosis of Tort. ScopoJiana (p. 45G) — "Wings
" reddish-fuscous, with the ordinary median spot ashy, and another
" 7nore ohscure in the anal angle " alone suffices absolutely to indicate
this species, and the descriptions of its vai'ieties which follow confirms
it. Stephens copies the name and the description with very little al-
teration, while Wood (fig. 988) gives a most accurate representation of

1873.] 7

this species uDdcr the same uame, and, therefore, even supposing
Griienee to be correct in saying that this \» Sohenwartluana oi Grerman
authors, Haworth's name would take precedence (1812), Ti'eitschke's
description not being published till 1830, while Schiffermiiller's name
(1776) was published without a detailed description, and therefore
cannot well be identified.

The synonymy of this species will therefore be

{Cato])tria, Gu.) Scopoliana, Haw., Steph., Wood (988).

Hohenwarthiana, Gn., Wilk. («o» Tr.,&c.).

It occurs commonly among Centaurea nigra, upon the seeds of
which the larva appears to feed, and not especially among thistles, as
stated by Wilkinson.

I suspect that much of the confusion in which these three species
have been involved has arisen from the fact that cana is variable, and
both the others rather local — falcana very so, and ScopoUana ap-
parently unknown in Germany, although it certainly occurs in France.

Haworth collected in Norfolk, where all three species are common,
and no doubt was well acquainted with them ; but Stephens mixed the
names, making carduana, Gn. (cana) synonymous with ScopoUana,
Wood, although they are obviously distinct. Dr. Wocke also has
mixed them hopelessly ; but he marks carduana, Gn., as unknown to
him, and had not therefore a fair chance of quoting correctly.

Catoptria aspidiscana, Hiib. — Recorded as British in the Entomo-
logist's Annual for 1868, p. 110, but without description. Stephens
(Illust. 4, p. 120) describes an insect under this name, which may be
this species, but in his Museum Catalogue he removes it to his list of
reputed British species. Wood's fig. 978 (aspidiscana) seems to be a
male Carpocapsa grossana ; therefore, I think it best to append a
description.

(J . Head, antennae, and palpi dark grey, face whitish, thorax dark brown, pa-
tagia paler. Ground colour of fore-wings pale grey, nuich streaked longitudinally
with darker, basal patch reddish-brown (with a tinge of olive at the base), acutely
angulated exteriorly. Central fascia also reddish-brown and angulated, the colour
being produced from the angle above the ocellus. From the costa, beyond the fascia,
arise eight short silvery streaks, the first and last being the longest. Ocellus silvery,
enclosing three black lines, the outer ones thick and distinct. Cilia mixed reddish-
brown and pale grey. Hind-wings grey with paler cilia.

$ . Darker in colour. Fore-wings shorter and more truncate.

This species has a general appearance of being pervaded with
longitudinal dark streaks.

According to M. Jourdheuille's Calendar, the larva feeds in silken
tubes in the midst of flowers of Solidago virgaurea and Chrysocuma
Unosgris.

8 [June,

Taken rather freely in the north of England by Mr. J. B. Hodg-
kinsou in May and June.

Oafojjfria(GraphoUfa,Wi\k.)modestana,ltI.-y^. — I find it advisable
to notice this species here, removing it from its unsuitable position in
another family, because of its near relationship with species in this
genus. It is a variable and local species, and much confusion has
arisen in consequence respecting its correct name. Mr. Doubleday
sent specimens some years ago to the late Herr Lederer, of Vienna,
who returned them named conterminana, H.-S., while Dr. AVocke makes
this species synonymic with modicana, Zeller, and Prof. Zeller himself
thought it might be a variety of that species.

For an opportunity of working it out I am indebted to my friend
Mr. Howard Vaughan, who, in July and August, 1872, collected a
large number of specimens at Southend, and sent me a long and most
variable series, ranging from pale fulvous almost without markings to
blackish with all the markings (except the silvery ocellus) obscured.
Between these were well marked specimens agreeing with Wilkinson's
description, others agreeing with those named conterminana by Lederer,
and some (the central and apparently typical form) being identical
with a type of cemidana, Schlager, sent by Zeller. None, however, ap-
proach at all to the larger and plainer conterminana, nor to modicana,
Zeller, which is a delicate looking species with a shorter basal blotch,
a less angulated fascia, and a far broader and differently shaped ocellus,
and which has not yet been noticed in this country. It therefore be-
comes evident that eemulana, 8chl., as already substituted by Mr.
Doubleday in his list, is correct. I find also that the blackish varieties
of this species are, in some collections, incorrectly named parvulajia.
Mr. Yaughan tells me that all the varieties fly together among mixed
herbage, but appear to prefer swampy places.

Catoptriaparvulana,yf\\k. — As I have already said, dark specimens
of C. eemulana are sometimes mistaken for this species. It may be
distinguished from them by the fore-wings being much narrower at
the base, and the costa more rounded, especially towards the tip. It
has not the mottled appearance of (cmidana, and seems constant in size
and colour. Mr. Bond tells me that he takes it on the cliffs in the
Isle of Wight, where eemulana does not seem to occur, and that he
thinks it is attached to the dwarf thistle (Cnicus acaulis). This seems
to be its only discovered locality, as it is quite unknown upon the con-
tinent. Wocke marks it unknown to him, and places it between
albersana and tenehrosana {nigricana).

Cntoptria coecimaculana, Hiib. — This epecies seems to be common
upon the continent. It surely cannot be scarce on the chalk hills of
the south of England. If, as Wilkinson says, it occurs rather com-
monly there, I shall feel much obliged to any Entomologist residing
near the chalk who will procure me a few specimens. Zeller says it
occurs among Ononis in July.

Catoptria conterminana, H.-S. — Eecorded and figured (uncoloured)
in the Entom. Annual for 1S64<, but not described. A short descrip-
tion may be useful.

Head, thorax, and palpi pale drab, antenuse brown. The fore-wings of a smooth,
delicate fawn colour ; basal patch darker, becoming pale brown at its angulated outer
edge. Beyond this is an ill-defined pale blotch on the dorsal margin, followed by a
darker cloud, which bounds the ocellus. The latter, a little paler than the ground
colour, encloses two or three indistinct black lines. The usual costal streaks are
hardly visible. Hind-wings pale grey.

Zeller says " Larva in seed-heads of Lactuca sativa, often very
" injurious, difficult to rear." M. Jourdheuille says "In flowers of
" Lactuca virosa and scariola, garden lettuce, &c."

It flies in July and August.

Catoptria expallidana, Haw. — Better known in Germany under
the name of ihiceana, H.-S., Hein., but Haworth's name has priority,
and is adopted by Dr. Wocke in his Catalogue. Prof. Zeller tells me
that his ohumlratana, described from a specimen from Livonia, is also
this species.

{To be continuedj .

ON TWO NEW GENERA OF COLTDIIBM FEOM NEW ZEALAND.
by t. vernon wollaston, m.a., p.l.s.

Fam. COLTDIID^.

Genus TARPHIOMIMETES, nov. gen.
Corpus oblongum, convexuni, rugosum, setulosum ac squamoso-subvariegatum,
nccnon plus minus nodulosum ; capite in prothoracis excavatione valde profunda
usque ad oculos magnos prominentes nudos immcrso ; prothorace plus minus setoso-
noduloso, angulis anticis valde porrectis ac plus minus acutis, ad latera plus minus
eubrecurvo-explicato necnon plus minus eroso ; scutello distincto, rotimdato ; pros-
terno postice (inter coxas anticas) et mesosterno postice (inter coxas intermedias) in
lobos brevissimos productis ; mctasterno postice in medio (inter coxas posticas) bre-
viter et minute bifido, lobum triaiigularem segmenti abdominalis primi recipicnte ;
abdomine e segmentis 5 composito, segmentis (Imo sub-longiore excepto) longitudine
8ub-aequalibus. Antennae prothorace paulo longiores, distantes, ante oculos sub
margine capitis