Full text of "Этнографическое обозрение, кн. XXVII, 1895"

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roAT» 7-R. 



Kh. XXVII. 



3TH0rPA0MHEGK0E 

OE03P-BHIE 

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HMIIEPATOPGKArO OteCTBS MflM EGTeCTB03HaHifl,' 

AffiponoioriH h Braoijaft 

cocTonmaro npn Mockobckomt> yHHBepcirrerfe. 



1895, Ns 4. 

CeKpemapn BmnozpacfiuHecKazo OmdtbAa 



MOOKB A. 

Tuoppa^Li „Pt9crfcTk*-, yron Bosxbmwebh ■ Kicjobei, Inn. 

1895. 



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(154) . — Ape. M apioiHii. Taurica. Oonn yaaaaTeia co- 
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tiona ethuologiqnes. (Travaux glografiques executes en 
Finlande). Eio-ace. (159). — T py IX ApxeoiorBTOcaaro 
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h C. 0. Caynaaro Exo-xce. (161). — B. C. Cb*tiobi. 
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1896 f. E%o-o*e. (171).— 

2. 0630P-L raaert h aypHajiOB'L . 172—179. 

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Mock bj (190). * 

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9 3aaaBaa8caifi B4ctbbbi* 1838 — 1847. ^RaBaaaeaaa CTapaaa*. 
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s ) Iagic. Archiv fttr Slawische Philologie I. B. 8. 330 (Dunav — 
Dunaj in der slawischen Volkspoeaie). 

0BOIP*HIK. XXVII. 1 



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Rittn.ax'b h hxt> 6paqHuxT> oSpaAaxi. cb^a*^ HamH oienb H6- 

MHOrO^HCJieHHbJ. repOffOT'b rOBOpHTT> O HHXT> TOXbRO, WO 

„ohh He CMOTparb 3a cbohmh AoiepbMH h npeAOCTasjflioTb hmt> 
CBoSoAy OTAaBaTBCfl RantAOMy, rto hm'b nonpaBHTCH, ho aceH- 
h^hht> cbohxt> ohh CTporo oxpaHfliorb h noRynaK>TT> hxt> ce6* 
y hxt> poAHTejieft 3a Goxbinifl AeHbrH tt t ). 3arfeMT> een> 6ojrfce 
HHTepecHoe h 6oJn*e noApo6Hoe HSBfecrie II o m n o h i a Mem: 
yflfiBKWb, xcejtaion^HX'b Button 3aMyan>, poAHTera OTAaiorb are- 

HHXaifb HJH 3a AeHtrH, HJH TaRHMT> o6pa30MT>, qTO hxt> bh- 

CTaBXfltOTb ny6jH4Ho Ha ocMOTpt. /J/bxaioTb h to h Apyroe, cMOTps 
no M*craoMy oSuiaK). Xopomia h RpacHBua AfcaymRH ufi- 
HfiTcfl o^eHB Aoporo a *). TaRHMi> o6pa30MT>, moxho npeAno 
jaraTb, hto y ap^bhhxt* epaRiftijeB'b npoH3ome.rb ywe nepe- 
xoat> orb noxnn^eHifl a*bhut> kt> BMRyny hxt>. 

0 cjaBHaax'b, cif^HHBmHX'b epaKitin,eBi> h, b^pohtho, ct> 

HHMHCM*maBinHXCfl, flCHOTb CB*A*Hifl, CROJUbRO HaiTb HSBfeCTHO, 
BOBCe He HMfteTCH. IIoOblTRH OTOflT ACCTBJ&Hi fl 9THXT> MHSifiCBHX'b 

*) TepoxoTi. Lib. V. cap. 6, 

a ) Nupturae yiigines non a parentibas viris tradantar, sed publico aat locan- 
tur ducendae, aut veneant. Utram fiat ex specie et moribus causa est. Probae 
formo8aeque in pretio sunt: caeteres qui haboant, mercede quaeruntur. (Pom- 
poniu8 Mela. De situ or bis,, lib. II, rap. 2). 



Digitized by 




4 



8THOITA0H1KCKOB 0B03F&HIB. 



cjaBflBT> c*b epaaiftnaiiH He Moryrb noaa 6htb npasHaabi Bayiao 
AOEaaauHhiMM, a nocj^ABaa h3t> 9thxt> nomiTOK'b, npaBaAxe- 
samafl r. UapTan,KOMy ocaoaaaa i^&URoirb uoith aa 
cpaBaeHiH cBaAefinbix'b h noxopoaauxi* o6biqaeBt, ecjni hb 
OAHHaHOBux'b, to BCCBMa 6w3bhxt> ue TOJibRO y BC'fex'b apift- 
ckhxt>, ho h enje jmsbine oTCToamax'b Apyn> orb apyra Hapo- 
AObi>, a saTtMb na KpaMue caoAbSKoft h HeoapejcfeieaHoft noiBfe 
Mneoxoria. 

Toace caMoe aoakbo 6biTb cxasaHO h o reTaxi> h o Aasaxi*, 
KOTopbixT> X h 3t a e y c4HTaeTT> npHHa^ie«aBmHHU kt> OABony 
epaKiflcKo-HJJiHpiftcKOMy njeueBu *), a afcaoTopbie uHcaTeaH 
(Mtillenhoff) — rt> caaBaacKOMy 

HacKOJbKO cHJibHO 6hjio puMCKoe BJUHsie, ocoSeHHo Ha 
Haceieaie npaAyaaiicRHX'b MicTHOCTeft Madia, csasaTb noKa 
TpyAHo, ho, bo BcflKOMT> cayqafc, obo aojubbo 6buio bt> 6oumeft 
uh MeHbmefl cTeneHH cyn^ecTBOBaTb. Xota pHucaie jierioaepbi, 
saHHMaBoiie AyHaftcaia npoBHHn,iH, h He moi-jh veHBTbca, b6o 
pHMcsifl A*BHiiu B*b Jiarepb se AonycR&nacb, a c*b neperpa- 
aaMH pHMCKie rpa»AHBe ae hm*jh npaBa 3aRJiio<iaTb aacToamax-b 
6paKOBT> (connubium), ho 3aTO — a rfearb 6ojfce y hhxt>— aoxwhij 
6mjih 6uTb MBoroHBCjeBBua CB&3H BesaRoaaaro xapaRTepa-, Jiaija 
se, cjiyscHBinifl bt> scnoMoraTejbflbix'b eoftcRax'b, KaR*b He paii- 
CKie rpaaAane, a neperpaai*, HMfcara, pasyMfeeTca, npaso are- 

BHTbCfl H Ha M*CTHblX , b A*ByiUKaXT> 4 ), a CJliAOBaTeXbHO, MOrJH 

BHOCHTb a cboh o6paAw Bit m*cthuh caaAeoBbia rjepeMoaia. 
B b AaJibH-bfluieMb asjoaeeaia mu yBHAaarb, hto B3B*CTHbia lepra 
paMCKHxi> Opanabixii oSunaeB'b, A*#cTBHTe.ibBO, yAepataaacb a 
AO cax*b nopi> bt> oojirapcROM'b CBaaeoHoirb paTyaji*, ho npo- 
BHRaja-JH oh* bo Bpena rocaoACTBa pHMJHH'b aa fljaato axa 
H*cKOJibKO ao3se qepes-b BHsaaTiio — bto, paayMfeeTca, cb toh- 
HOCTbio onpeA'bJtHTb, HaHteTca, OyAerb oieab TpyAao. 

4to RacaeTca aaT-hM^ BOJURCsax'b So.arap'b, to o bbxt* mh 
HMfcearb no BHTepecyiomeMy aacb Bonpocy tojlbro yRaaaaia 

1 ) On. IlapTHi^Kifi: Re 6yja esponei ctaa npaB6raraa cuun? A*jo 
1891 -VJ4 127-189. 

% HaBdeu: iBtoria critica a Romaniloru. Bacur. 1874, I, p. 292. 
') A b. Hovelacque: La Linguistique, p. 894. 

4 ) Mam. Goiojoii. Ha* xpeBHefi HcropiH Boirapi. Cn6. 1879, ctp. 12. 




CBAflEBHME OBPfl^bl BT> BOJirAPIM. 



5 



HliKOTopbixT> apa6cRHxi> nHcaTejieft, yKasama onenh OTpbiBoq- 
hmh h npHTOMTb OTHOcflmiacn kt> TOMy yae BpeMeHH, Kor^a 
qacTb BojimcKHX'b 6oJ!rapT> ycn*Jia OTA*JiHTbCfl h nepeceaHTbCH 
bt> MH3iio. H6HT>-Oon,JiaHT>, 6MBmift y Cojirapi* yase nocjrfc 
Toro, Ram> ohh npHHHJiH MaroMeTaHCTBO, roBopnrb o hhxt>, 
q-ro „y hhxt> MynqHHu h nenmHUBi nynaiOTCfl bm*ct* bt> p*K* 
bt> o6HaseHHOMi> bra* h He 38KpbiBaacb HHq*M r b flpyr* OTb 
Apyra", ho npn6aBJiHerb npH btomt>, qTO bto He Beaerb y buxt> 
kt> KaKHMi> HH6y Rb npe«ocyffHTejibHbiM , b nocji*ffCTBiflM , b. Ilpe- 
jH)6oA*flHie, no ero cjioBaMT>, HaKaswBajroct y 6ojirapT> oneHb 
CTporo: „ecjiH kto BH6yAt fiy^eT-b wb 9tomt> yjraqeH'b, to ero, 

KTO 6bl OHb HH 6MJD[T>, apHBfl3MBaK)rb sa pyKH n 3a HOrH K*b 

qeTbipeirb cTOJiCaarb, bGhthmT) bt> aeaurio, h 3arfeiirb TonopoMT> 
npoafeKarorb ero t*jo orb aaTwjKa &o 6effpi>; nocift a-roro 
06* nojioBHHbi T*jia BfcmaiOT'b aa «epeBo tt . TaKan me cyAbfia 
nocTHraerb h bhhobhyk) raeHmHHy. ynoTpe6Hjn> mhoto 
TpyAa a , roBopHTi> OHb Aajrfee, „qTo6bi y6*AHTb BtyacqnH'b h aeH- 
mHHT> aaKpMBaTbCfl Apyr* orb Apyra, ho He HMtjrb 6oabmoro 
ycrrfexa 1 ). Ha ocHOBaHin BToro CBHA*TeJibCTBa H6HT>-Oon;jiaHa 
h ApyrnxT> *aKTOB , b OpeHi> npnmejrb kt> saKJUoqemio, hto y 
ApeBHHxi> npeBOJ»CKHXT> Sojirap'b seHnwHbi nojibsosajracb cpa- 
BHHTejubHo 6ojbinofi cbo6oao8 *). Ha bto are yKaauBaerb h 
CBHA*TejibCTBo Apyroro, xoth h 6oj*e no3AHflro apa6cKaro 
□HcaTejfl AHAajiy3H, eooCmaiomaro Hain> oneHb ijbHHoe h 



>) „Um sich zu baden steigen Manner und Weiber zusammen in einen Fluss, 
nackend, ohne sich gegenseitig mit irgend etwas zu bedecken. Doch treiben sie 
dabei auf keinerlei Weise unerlaubten Urn gang mit einander. Hat aber Jemand 
diesen getrieben, sey er, wer er auch wolle, sie binden ihn mit H&nden and 
Fussen an vier Pflflcke, die sie in die Erde geschlagen, und spalten mit einem 
Beile seinen Leib vom Genicke bis an die Lende. Ebenso rerfahren sie mit 
dem schuldigen Weibe. Darauf h&ngen sic von beiden die Stucke an einen 
Baum auf... Jch habe mir viele Mtthe gegeben sie dahin zu bringen, dass sich die 
Weiber beim Baden vor den Mannern verschleierten, habe jedoch nichts bei 
ihnen ausgerichtet" . Fraehn: Die aeltesten arabischen Nachrichten, ueber die 
Wolga-Bulgaren. Jbn-Foszlan's Nachricht von den Bulgaren (Mlmoires de 
rAcade*mie Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. 6 ser. t. I, p. 576). 

*) „Letzterer Umstand. . . zeugt zugleich yon einer weit grdssern Freiheit 
des weiblichen Geschlechtes 1>ei den alten Bulgaren, als demselben bei dem 
gieiehzeitigen Russen Zustand". Fraehn. Op. cit. p. 536. 




6 



9TH0rPA*H<IBCK0R OBOSPfeHIfi. 



e^Ba jeh He e«HHCTB6HHoe H3B*cTie o 6paHH£ix > b oCuiaflx'b npH- 
BOJacCKHX'b 6ojrapT>. „Hxt> gfeBymfiH, roBopHrb oht>, CyAy^H 

ftfeBCTBeHHblMH, BUXOAflTb H3T> AOMy Cb OTRpblTOfi rOJOBOfl, 
THKT> 4T0 KaWAMfi MOXeTb HXT> BHA*Tb; TOTT>, KTO qyBCTByerb 

CRXOHHocTb Rib oaho& H8i> HHx'b, Ha6pacbiBaen> efl Ha rojOBy 
noKpuBaxo (ro^OBHoft yfiop*), h OHa CTaHOBHTCfl ero cynpyroM, 
6e3o BCflRaro ct> en CTopoHbi oTKaaa. TaRMMi> oSpasoirb ae- 
HRTCfl Ha ABaAAaTH h name eme 6ojr6e oco6axi> tt 1 ). HaHOHeirb, 
eme oahhi> Toace apa6cKift nncaTejib H6HT>-/JacT , b cooSmaerb 

HaMT>, HTO ^OTb BCflKftrO H3T> HHX'B (t. e. 60JTTap f b), RTO Ke- 

hhtcr, hxt> uapb Ceperb ce6* no BepxoBofl JiomaAH* *). 

Oo6paTb CBHA^TejbCTBa a J* x apaRTcp h cthrh nepBOHaiaab- 
Haro ceneiiHaro CTpoa tk>pkcrhxt> 6ojirap , b, nepecejraBmHxcfl 

BT> MH3ilO, Tarae AOBOJIbHO TpyAHO^ TaRT> RaR*b TJiaBHbie hctoi- 

hhrh nx*b — otb*tt> nanbi HaKOJaa I Ha Bonpocp 6ojirapi> h 

H*KOTOpbIfl 3aM*TKH BHSaHTLttCKHX'b HHCaTeJieft npH ODHCaHiH 

6ojrapcKHxi> HanaaeHift — roBopRTb o Sojirapax'b, Roraa bth 
oocjrbAHie xbjih yse bm*ct* cb cjiaBRHaMH 8 ). Bee, <rro mbi 
Moseirb nonepnHyTb H3'b bthxt> cbh A'bTe jibctbi) , cboahtcr ri> 
to My , ito y 6ojrapi> cymecTBOBaaa iiojuirauifl, npn qeMT> ohh 
hm&iih Ra»Abifl He MeH*e AByxi» seHi> BojrapcRie xnj&bfi 
HMtJiH o6biRHOBeHie B03HTB cb co6oft ivfejuft rapeirb, HeB-feCTW 
nojyqaJiH bt> bha* npHAaHaro sojoto, cepeSpo, 6mrobt>, oto- 
maAeft h npos. *). 

Borb h Bee, *to QRWh h3b*ctho o 6paHHbixT> ofibinaflXTb 
co6cTBeHHO-TK>pRCRHxi> 6ojrapi>. 9Toro, pasyMfeeTCH, cMmKOurb 

MaJO, HTOSbl npifiTH OTHOCHTeJIbHO HXT> Rl> RaRHM f b-HH6yAB 0Op6- 

A*JieHHbiM'b 3aKJnoqeHiflMT>, bo Bce-TaKH npHBeAeHBbifl HaMH 
AaHHbiR saRJuoqaiorb bt> ce6* HfcKOTopbw yKaaamfl, A&tomiR 



1) . .^eurs filles, encore vierges, sortent de leurs maisons la tfite dScouverte, 
de sorte que chacun peut lea voir: celui qui se sent de l'inclination pour Tune 
d'elles lui jette une cofiffe sur la tete et elle devient son Spouse sans qu'il Sprouve 
aucun refus. II en Spouse yingt et m§me d'ayantage". Charmois: Relation de 
Mas'oudy, dans les Memoires de FAcadSmie Imp. de Sc. de St.-PStersb. 6ser. 
t. II, p. 47. 

2 ) Xroucohi: H3bbctm EWm-^acra h *p. m. Ill, nap. 6. 
*) GoaojOBi: Hai xpesHeft HCTopii Bojrapi, dp. 91. 

*) Jirecek. Qeschichte der Bulgaren. Prag, 1876, crp. 131-132. 




CBAABBBHB OBPHflbl BT> BOJirAPlH. 



7 



npaBo Ha hsb^cthua npeAnoaoweHia. <t>aRTT> coBM*CTBaro Ry- 
naHbfl MyacHHBT> n x6hii^hhi> bt> o6Ha*eHHOirb bha*, dphboah- 
tfuft H6HT>-<X>omaHOMT> ? cbmt> do ce&h He Aaen> eme HHKaRoro 
noBOAa A*^&Tb aaHJioqeme o cboGoa* npaBOBt y boj5kcehxt> 
6oxrap'b, TftKT> KaKi> oaRTb btopb BCTpfcqaeTca h ao chxt> nopT> 

BT> 0H6HB MHOrHXT> M'feCTHOCTflX'b BeXHHOpOCCiH, PyMUHUI H Apy- 

rax'b cTpaH-b, HHnyTB Be oSycxOBJHBaa cofioft cbo6oah hojio- 
B£ixi» OTHomemft name ao 6paRa. IIo sceft BlipoflTHOCTH, h caan> 

OpeH*b rOBOpHTb BT» 9T0M*b CJyqa* 0 CBO6OA* TOJIBKO BT> CMHCJli 

OTcyTCTBia saTBopaHnecTBa. TopaaAO 6oai*e roBopnrb bt> 8tomi> 
OTHomeHiH cBH/vfrre j bCTBo AflAajiysH. IIoKpHBaBie roxoBbi seH- 
in,HHhi y 6ojibiiiHHCTBa BapoAOBT> osHaiaxo h 03Haqaerb hoa- 
queaie ea MyacqHH'fe h BCTynxeaie bt> 6paR?>; ho aa nepBMX*b 
CTyneHHX'b o6mecTBeHHaro paaBHTia, n oco6eBHo y BOCTOHHbix'b 
HapoffOBTj, oho Morjo oaHaqara npocTO Bbi6op f b hjih npeAno- 
HTeme, oKasuBaeMoe h3b*cthoA KeHmHH*. „Y apa6oB , b a , roBO- 
pHTb KOMneTeHTH*Moiift H3i> H3cx&A<>BaTejieft 6paHHUxi> o6pa- 
AObt> Edelstand Du Meril, ^ocTaToqHO eme A»Tb noRpbiBaxo 
pa6wH*, qTo6u BOSBecTb ee bt> ssame KOBKyCHBbij npHBBBBa- 
eiioe aaKOHoifb, h njiaTOKT>, KOTopwft cyjiTaH-b Spocaerb cbohmt> 
xeHairb, hto6h noRasaTb TaKHarb o6pa3oan> cboS Bu6op < b, no Bcett 
BfepoflTHOCTH, — HM*erb T0-K6 npoHcxosAenie" *). 3aflBJ&enbitt 
TaRHMb o6pa3om>, KaK*b pascRasbiBaerb AaA&iydH, Bbi6opi> Mon> 

t) Ed. Du Meril. Des formes da mariage et des usages populaires qui 
8 f y rattachaient dans les Etudes surquelques points d'Arcn^o 
logie. P. 1862. CTp. 18. Ecjh He noBpHBaaie roiOBH, to „cpHaaBie nana 
111 xojma ci pyKH x*BByniKR y opeH6yprc»axi xa3aaoBi paBaocajiao npexxo- 
x6Bio bhIth bt» sanyxecTio, b xiByataa, y soTopof otbjith bth Bema, cTOxaerca 
3acBaTaHflofi b mien csaTOBt bi poxBTeuciia aom?. HoBoaapeai: 06*paxo- 
bub o6nqafi. (CiBepHufl BicTaaai, 1890, i»Hi», CTp 71). IIo uwhBW M. M. Ko- 
lueBctaro, bth o6aqaH bbjjidtcji cojHxapHHHH ci t*hb npHBimnaMH, xaxHxi 
BpBxepsBBaDTca MycyjmaHCKie aaKOBObixH birojh Illafaa, sanpemaDflue docto- 
poBBHBr& MyxiBHam noABHicaTL DOKpoBt ci ibub seBni.BBH b opapaBBBBaDnUe npB- 
KOCHOBeeie ai ea pyaft hjh rbiy a% »»BCjy BexosBOJeflBBxi ^ftctsifi, a ffovoay 
cnTBDBue xiftcTBijiMH pasBocubBHMB Baca ibCTBOB Boay yBosy t% cjy^aH, xorxa 
aojoiofi Hejosisi nosBOJHTi ce6-B ciBaTHTk Aisyfliay aa pyay hjh upuoasn 
cboh najbn,H k% en rpyxn... Cjy«iaeTCji } mo DHoma, BacaBmifi aa x^Bymay, otbh- 
mqtl y Hex nxaTOK'b, cxaaTHTi ee sa pyay bjx sa rpyxfc a hotom^ yxauTca. 
8to BasHBaeTCx n BoftvaTb xisyoiKy 9 b aaieTi paBBOCBX&Hoe SHaveaie c* ooxame- 
aieai. Maxc. KoBaieBcaifl: 3axoHi h o$RHai aa KaBxasi, II, ctp. 168. 




8 



8TH0rPA$H<IECK0E 0 BO 3 P* HIE. 



npoHcxoffHTB y 6ojrapT> toju>ro bt> Tpex*b cjryqaax'b: ecJH a*JO 
inio o 3R6HiD(HHSLx < b saBoeBaHHaro Hapo^a, hjeh— apn cymecTBOBa- 
bih KOMMy HaJbHaro fipana, Kor^a RawAHfi MyaciHHa oflHoro RJiaaa 
moit> HM*Tb npaBO Ha Rasnyio seBiiuiHy Apyroro, ejus, hsbo- 
neivb, npH rocnoffCTB* noJOBoft cboOoam A'fcBymeR'b ao BCTy- 

MeHifl HXT> BT> SpaK'b, KRKt 8TO HM'beT'b M*CTO y O^eHb MHO- 

rHxi> npMMHTHBHbixi) Hapo^fOB'B. Hdi> bc*xt> 8thxi> cjiyqaeBT* 
nepBuft RaseTCfl nam* AOCTaTO<mo BfcpoaTBHM'b a** npeAno- 
•BOHcefiifl, TaKT> e8kt> komm y h a jibh wfi 6paKi» BpflA^ «&h mopl «ep- 
HcaTbca eme y Oojirapt, npn cyn^ecTBOBaaiH naTpiapxaJbBoft 
ceMbH, AORasbiBaeMOifb ctponjmh HaRaaamflMH sa HapymeHie 
cyapysecRofi b*phocth h <&aRTOM«b nojiHraMiir. bo mm Be sna- 
eBn>, BacROJbRo oht> npHJoacBifb rt> 6ojrapaM r b bt> to Bpeua, 
Ror^a hxi> bha^jli> AHflajiyaH. Hto ate Racaexca nocjfeAHHro 
cjiyqan, to h oht> HMfcerb cboio aojiio BipoaTia, T*M r b Cojrfce 
too CTporocTb HpaBOBi* bt> cy npyHtecTB* BOBce He HCRjiOHaerB 
nojiOBOfl CB060AN y A^BymeR'b, RaRT> bto, Hanp., mh MO»em> 

BHA*Tb y H'BKOTOpblX'b aopHHa H CRHX'b HapOAOBl>, y HOTOpHX'b 

A'BBymHH ao sauysecTBa xoahtt> coBepmeaHO oSHaxeHHbiHH h 
noJibayioTca nojHOft CBo6oAofi l ), mh RaRT> bto 6bioio y Rapa- 
h6obt>, BapTHBa 6paiHUxi> OTHOmeBifl y Rotopux'b bt> r.aaBBWXT> 
HepTaxT> oqeHi, Cjihsro HanoMnsaerb to, htomh Moaeeifb HSBJie^b 

H3T> npHB6AeHHhIX r b HBMH JfrUUhlX'b OTHOCHTeJIbHO SOJirap'b, OCO- 

6eHH0 ao OROHMaTejibHaro yTBepatAema MewAy bhmh MaroMe- 
TaHCTBa: ^uiJOMyApie A*ByraeRi> y hex^ (RapaH6oBT>) He oco- 
6ghho co6jnoAaJiocb- oh* He hochjh onemjuu ao BbixoAa bt> 3a- 
MyjKecTBo; MHoroaceHCTBO 6buio Bceo6mHM-b, npn newb RaxAMfi 
nyffiHHHa Morb HteHHTbca Ha BCbxi* cecTpax*, npHBaAJeataB- 
mHxi> rt> oAHOMy h Tony we ceMe&CTBy, bo napymeBie cy- 
npyacecRoit b*phocth y HHxnb oqeHb cTporo HaRa3biBajiocb tt *). 

He HM*a, TaRHMrb o6pa30M*b ? bt> HameMT> pacnopaaceHiH 
ho^th HHqero, hto momo 6h BaMT> yRasuBaTb Ha nepeacHBaaia 
ApeBHHXT> fiojrapcKo-TiopRCRHX'b o6biqaeBT> bi» CBaAe6Hux r b o6pa- 
Aaxi> coBpeMeBHhixT> Haurb Sojirapii, Mbl MOSeM^ ao H*R0T0p0fi 
CTeneHH oopan^aTbca sa hoaoShiiimu -yRaaaBiaMH ri> b^roto- 



] ) Gay a. C&rSmonies nuptiales. cip. 108. 

J ) A. Re Til le. Les Religions des peuples non civilises. P. 1883, 1.crp.336. 



Digitized by 



CBAftBBHBIB OBPflffU B'b BOJirAPIH. 



9 



DM Ml) BHpOAaMT., »HBymHMl> H ffO CHXT> DOp'b, O^eHb falH3R0e 
pOACTBO KOTOpLIXT. CT> ffpeBHHMH TIOpKCKHMH SOJirapRHH MOffiHO 

C4HTaTb 6ojrfce hjih MeH'fee ftOBasaHBiJM'b. TaRosu, Hanp., qy- 
BaniH) o KOTopux'b H p e q e k i> roBopHrh: „Die Tschouwaschen bei 
Kazan sollen die Ueberreste der Wolga-Bolgaren sein a , ). 3aTtMT>, 
yn.-feji'bBmHM'b MeMeHOMTb 6ojfrap*i> rr. Be. 6. Majuiep'b h 
M. M. KoBajieBcxift cqaTaiorb TaRxe HaBRHBCKHX'b 6 a j- 
Kapi, SHByn^Hxrb Ha ctBepHOM'b cbjioh* RBBRascRHxi) ropi>, 
Mes^y npHTOKOMT> Tepeica YpyxoM^ m 9jb6opycoMT>, no Bep- 
xoBbHWb ptoT> Hepeea, *IeHMa h BoKcaaa. Enje B'b cTaTb* 
cBoefi: ^B* ropcRHxi> oSnjecTBax'b Ka6apAH a ') bth yqeawe bbi- 
pasBJiH npe/inoAoaceHie, ^to, Moarerb 6utb, BasBaaie 6 a j k a p t> 

eCTB OflHH'b H3T> BHffOB'b HMeHH 6 O J rap*, KOTOpOe, K8K1> BBA" 

ho H3i> reorpaaia, npHnncJUBaeMoft MoHceio XopeHCKOMy, 
6buo bt> pasHbix'b oopMai'b hsb^ctho aa c*BepHOMT> KaBKaa-fc- 

B'b *0pMt SoiXapiJ apHBO^HTCfl 9TO HBffl pyCCKHMH nOCJHIMH 

HaRH«opoirb TojLoraHOBbiu'b HABflROM-b AjieRC*eM*b IesjieBbiirb, 
ROTopue bi» 1650 r. fe3A«H orb ijapa AjeRcfea MaxaftjioBHqa 
ri> HMepeTHHCROMy ijapio AjieRcaHffpy h npofrasraiH qepes'b 
6aJsapcRia 36mjh (B p o h e b c k i ft, HsBfecTia o KaBRasfe a np., 
II CTp. 211). 3aTticb, bi> HexaBHO BhimeAmeft KHHr* M. M. 
KoBaieBGRaro mu qiTaeMi o rfaxt we 6ajiKapaxT>: ^Ilpo*. 
Maxiep'b (OceTHHCRie anoflu, ^. II, CTp. 60, 61, 104) roBo- 
pnrb, ito, no cjiOBaMi* IIpoRonia, loacHyio rpaHHijy 6ojrrapi> co- 
CTasjifljio ycTbe KyfiaHH, q-ro coBpeMeaHHRi DpoRoma, lopBaHA'b, 
roBopHTb o TKHJiHmax'b 6oirapi> aaA* IIohtomt>, h hto 0eo<&aHT> 
noM*n^aeTi, apeBHioio iih aejiHRyio Bojtrapiio Me«Ay Meoiiit- 
ckhmt> o3epoMi> h p*rok> Ky«Hci» (Ky6aHbio). y KoHCTaHTHH a 
BarpflHopoAHaro h bt> floroBop* Hropa cb rpeRaMH Bojrapifl 
HOCHTb HaHM6H0BaHie ^LepHoft. rr. JIaM6HHi> h HjiOBattcKifi, 
OTxasuBaacb orb B3i\aflAOB b npe»HHxi> hctophrobi> h, bt> qacjrb 
hxt>, KapaMSHHB^ noM^n^aiorb 9Ty HepHyio Bojirapiio se Ha 
6eperaxi> Ayaaa, a Ha 6eperaxT> AaoBCKaro Mopa bmotb ao 

Ky6aHH. B'b H6A&BH0 OTKpbITOMl> HOBO Ml> cnacKt apVHHCROtt 

reorpaoin Mohcbh XopeHCRaro (ROHn,a Vll ctoje.) pasHbia ro- 



i) Iirecek. Op. cit. CTp. 180. 

f ) BicTBist EsponH. 1894. Anp., cip. 564. 



Digitized by 




10 



9TH0rPA4»HqBCK0E OBOBPftHIE. 



j*Ha 6ojrrapT> TaRace OTHeceim kt> cfeaepy orb KySasn. Bc*xt> 

8THXT> KOJI*HT> MoHCeft XopOHCKift HaC4HTU BReTb qOTbipe. Ha- 

3BRHiH Gojrapnb RaeRascRHxi* BCTpfcqaiOTCx y cocTaBirreJH 
reorpaoiH bt> pa3HbiXT> aopicax'b: 6yjrapi», SyjKapt, Suapi, 
6ojifiapi». Bt> bha* npeffnoJoaceHifl npo*. Mujeprb BucRasbi- 
BaeTi> mucib. qTO bt> HaaaaHin TiopRCBaro oSmecTBa, KHBymaro 
B r b ffoJEHH^ ^opeRa, 6 aiKapn- coxpaHuocb oaho h3t> 060- 
3HaqeHifl saBRa3CRtixi> 6ojtrapi>. „TtopRCRaa HapoflHOCTb 6aa- 
Kapi;eBT> n Cjoebsoctb hxt> hmghh r* oaho# wb <&opMT> hmchh 
6oArapi> (CojiRap-b), npHBOAHMoft apMHHCRoft reorpatiefi YII b., 
HeBOJbHO uaBOAHrb Ha npegnoioxeHie, roBopsrrb npo*. Mhj- 
Jiep'b, He CKpunaiOTCfl jih bt> SaJiRapijax'b nocjrbffnie hotomrh 
o^Hoft H3i> Bfrraeft RaBRascRHX'b 6ojirap'b ai ). 

HaROHei^'b, bt> CBA3H cb BsruAaMH Ha qysanrb, rrkt* Ha 
qotomkobt> ApeBHHxi> 6ojrapT>, oRasbiBaiOTCfl qpesBuqaftno hhtb- 
pecHbiMH, ct> Harnett toieh ap^Hia, 8THorpa»HqecRi& akhhuji o 
Hapo#b, ROTopbifi nojiyqHJi'b bcio cboh> Ryxwrypy orb bojbc- 
crhxt> ace Gojrapnb h hxt> noTOMROB'b-qyBaiiieft, a hmohho o 
qepeMHcax^b. ^FoBopHTb 0 RyjbTypHoirb BjiamH qyaameft Ha 
qepeMHCT> a , asmerb aBTopi> npeBocxofleoti MOHorpaain 0 ?epe* 
MHcax-b, npo*. KaaaHcnaro yHHBepcHTeTa H. H. .Cmhphobt», 
^B'b HacToam,ee Bpena Moxerb aoRasaTbca CTpaHHbiMi>: qysaniH 
HHqfeirb He KyjitTypate qepeKHCb, ropHbie qepevHCu aaae pas- 
BHTfee hxt> h CMOTparb Ha hhxt> cb npeHe6 peace Hieiri>. Ho qy- 
BauiH He Bcer^a 6bun TaKHirb nmmwb HapoAOBfb, Ram> Tenepb. 
Cyn^ecTByen> BecbMa ocaoBaTeJEbHaa ranoTesa, qTO bto nieMR 
npeACTaBjiaerb co6ok> noTOMROB-b Sojrap-b, co3AaBinHXT> ijh- 
BHJuisaniio cpe^iuiro IIoBOJrabfl. PascMorp-bHie saHMCTBOsaH- 
nbix'b qepeMHcaMH y qyBann> cjob**, npoAOxaraeTb oht> A&nnie, 
noRasbiBaerb, qTO RyjtbTypHoe B03A*ftcTBie th)prcrhxi> Hapo- 
AObt> Ha lepeHHCb 6hjio rpoiiaffHO. Uoat> tiopkckhmtj Bjriam- 
em> cosAa^cH y qepeMHci> nepexoAT> on> oxbTHRqbeft jbhshh 

KT> CROTOBOffCTBy H 36MJieAlUliK>, CIOKHJCH OCifliblft OhlTb, ao- 

ManiHjjfl oocTaHOBKa, koctiomt>, BOSHHRJia ToproBJH h CBflaaHHaa 
cb Heft BROHoacnqecRaa AH^epeHi^ian.iR, hbhjuhcl sapoAumn 
oSmecTBeHHofi opraHHsai^in, aojyqHJH ^s^hwb&mee pasBwrie 



Mate. KoBaaeBcsift: 3aKoai h o6aqa§ ua Kasitaai. I, cxp. 190—191 • 



Digitized by 



CBAftRBHME OBPflflW Wb BOJirAFIH. 



11 



B'&poBaHia... IIoa'b 6ojirapcKHirb BjriaHieM-b npoiuja HCTopia 
paaBHTia nepeMHCKaro aca-iama, noaBHiacb ns6a ct> oiaroMi> 

H AblMOBUflTb OKHOlfb; OCBBHlifi HH ORBOWb IffeCTB lepeMHCb 

odsaBejccfl AOMamHHM'b crotomt>; aa crotoboactbomt> oht> o6y- 
HHJica y 6oJirapi> h seiueA^Jriio... noffi> SoxrapcRHM-b BjiameM-b 
okoxo qepeMHccKaro ABopa noaBuca oropoA'b (nax<ia), qepes-b 
6ojirapi> oht> nosHaROMUca ct> Teatirofi (opa6a); iioa* 6oarap- 
citHM'b BjdflHieifb cjiosHJiacB h AOMamHaa oficTaeoBRa qepeMH- 
CHaa; «HBa praomt> ct> SairapaMH, rt> ROTopuirb npi*3»aJiH 

KJUUfil mi> AU6RHX1> E3iaTCRHXT> CTpaHT>, qepeMHCM nOJiy^HJEH 

noHfliie o ToproBj*, o MftCTax**, rA* jhoah mAhbiotcb BemaMH 
(nasap-b), o AeHbraxi>, o RpeAHiii, o xo8aeBaxi> m pa6oqHxi>, 
o AOHainHeifb KOM^opT*, oa«3ra*, yRpameHiax-b, y hh3Rh hm xt> 
MOHeTaMH, o 601Tb, aarejiaxT> h op. Coc*ah sbuh 9th jfrxa. 
Jtyqme hxt>... apaScRie MHGcioHepu i*pocb*thjih hx*b u Ha- 
yqHJis... OrHomeflia ri> seamnB^ y cocfcAeft Toae cjaraJHCb 
HHaqe... BeanopaAoiHMa cHoineHia MesAY nojaMH npusBaBa- 

JHCb 3A*CB DOpOROMl> H RJte&MHJIHCb HM6H6M1* paSBpaTB, KBMflfiLB 

napa co cbohmh jfrrbm cocTHBiaja oco6y» rpynny, ROTopaa 
HasuBaJiacB ceMbeft (flem^), Kerala, CBasaBmaa cbok> sh3bb 

CT> SH3HBK) MyjKHHHLI, BaSUBaiaCB 6r0 TOBapHn^M'b, cnyrBH- 

romt> (floJAaun>); coscht6J[bctbo MysiHSM n senn^HBU ycTa- 
h &BJEHBUOCB cb coiuacia poAHTexeft nocjrfeAHefi, ROTopue no- 
jyqaiH sa Hee BMRyirb (r4jiumt>), jResn^HHa, y ROTopoft yMepi> 
Myact, BasBiBBJiacB baoboA (Tyjiyirb). Be* bth hobmb aBJieaia 
BonuiH nooreneaHO h bt> qepeMHccRiit ceMefiauft cTpofi a 1 ). Ta- 
rhmt> oopasoM^, h bt> o6MqaaxT> qepeMHCb mm, Moserb 6uTb, 
6yAeMi> bt> cocTOAHiH HaflTH o6i>acHeHifl toto, hto nacb 
ORaseroa HenoHflTHtiMT> b*b CBaAe6BMxi> o6paAaxi> coBpeMen- 
hjuxi> 6ojirapT>, no ahhhhbhihxcr , naRT> mm yBHAHM'b A^^^ie, 
BnoJiHi caaBariCROMy BJuaaiio, ho Bce-TaRH yAepxaBmnx-b y 
ce6a Koe KaKifl qepTM H3i> CBoero A^JieRaro nponuiaro. 

XpncTi a h ctb o ) BBeACHHoe wb BoJirapiH bt> IX b*r*, iiobh- 
AHMOMy, Be cpasy BHecjo cymecTBeBHHa H3M*HeHia bt> cTpoft 
ceMBH CMtmaBmnxca Messy co6ok> 6ojirapi> h cjaBaHi>. Y ca- 
mhxt> BH3aHTifln;eB'b 6paRi> ao VI BBKa eme 6mjh>, RaRi> H3b*ct- 

i) GupBOBi: HepewicH. Kaaaes. 1889, CTp. 24—29. 



Digitized by 




12 



9TH0rPA*H<lfiCK0E 0B03P*H1E. 



ho, ycTaHOBJieHieMT> qncro rpawAaHCRHBTh, n tojbko npu K)cth- 
HiaHfe npoBAJirb xapaxTep7» n,epKOBHaro TanHCTBa h oApn^a 1 ). 
Bt> nepBoe BpeMA nocjrfe npHHATifl xpncriaHCTBa ne tojibko 
rpeqecRia AyxoBHUfl BjacTH, ho h cemh BMaHTiftcnie HMnepa- 
Topu CMOTpfejiH CKB03b najn>m>i Ha nojieraMiio, a HHOrfta aa»e 
ee h npoTexHpoBajH *), bt> oco6eHHOCTH, ecjH OBa BBjisitacb 
bt> CManeHHoft *opM* jeraaro paaBoaa. T*mt> He MeHfce Ooiift 
bt> cBoein* nocjaaiH kt> ijapio BopHcy jtaerb y»e oqeHb enep- 
rHiecicifl HacTaBJieHifl nsdftraTb MHoroseHCTfia, KOTopoe y 6oje- 
rap* (KaKi> h y BC'fex'b, Bupoqcirb, ApyraxT* HapoAOBi») npaRTH- 

KOBaJIOCb, KaKT> H3B*CTH0, TOJIbKO Bit BblCIHHX'b COCJIOBiflXT*. 
^IIpaBHTeili, QHCaJTb OH1>, He AOJIffieHT, nOflqHHflTbCfl BJliflHlH) 

seHn;HHi> h 6hiTb pa6oMT> noxoTeft; tott> He rptnrarb, no 

HCHBeTb CT> OffHOft 3aK0HH0fi XeHOfi, HO MHOrOSeHCTBO CpftMHO 
H r H y C H 0 H CBOdCTBeHHO Heo6y3AaHHOCTH H HeHHCTOT* 6e3- 

cjiOBecHux-b"" 8 ). O^eHb Moacerb 6biTb, hto hsb^cthuo Bonpocu 
n,apn Bopnca nan* HasoJiafo I, 6mjh BbiSBHHbi orqacTH, xaKi> 
bto ffyM aero r.CoRoioBT>, HaAea&floft Ha RaRia-HHdyAb ycTynxH 

CO CTOpOHM pHMCKOft I*epRBH OTHOCHTPJIbHO MHOTOffiCHCTBai 

„Bonpoci> o tomt>, roBopHTT> BTorb yqeHMft, Raxoro nana mb*- 
Hix o rpeqecROMi* oowqa* 6paqHaro cosHTeucTBa, Mon> bob- 
HHKHyTb y 6oJtrapi> h caMOCTOflxejbHO, h6o hh'b TpyAHO 6hjo 

OTRa3aTbCfl OTb MHOrOWeHCTBa, H OHH MOIMtH OffiHffaTb orb FHMa 

MeH*e cTporaro saxoHa" *). Bonpocu 9th h SHaMeHBTbie otb*th 
na hhxt> aanu HHKOjafl I, rt> ROTopbim> Haira He pasi> npn- 
AeTCH o6pamaTbca b*b Hactoxn^efi CTa-rb*, noRasbiBarorb Me»Ay 
npo^HMt, qTo TorftaniHie 6ojirapw 6 aim oqenb saHHTepecoBanbi 
He TOJbKO, TaRi> cxa3axb, lopHARqecRoft CTopoHoft 6paRa, ho h 
BonpocaMH o 6paqBbixT> o6pHAaxT> qTo h BecbMa ecTecTBCHHO, 
Tam> RaRi> xpncriaHCTBO, oqeBHABO, He Mono oCHapysHBaTb, wh 

KOHU.'fe KOHIJOBb, OC06eHHOfi TepOHMOCTH Wb BSbiqeCRHlTb 06pfl- 



J ) CameeBi: CryxHa sipxy uaraeTO iiepcoaaiHo ctflpyxecTBCHBO npaio 

(C6opBHKl 8a HapOAHH yMOTBOp. IY. CTp. 160). 

*) ibid. CTp. 175. 

3) Gokojobi: Op. cit. CTp. 181 
*) Cokoiobi: Op. cit. CTp. 183. 

8 ) Responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum (Migne Patrologiae cur- 
sus compl. S. II, t. CXIX. p. 979, 980). 




CBAAEBHUE OBPflflM BT> BOJirAPIH. 



18 



Hhwb 6ojirapi> h cJWBflHT>. „Khhkhhrh Toro BpeMeHH, roBopHTb 

T. IIunHH'b, CMOTpfcjlH CBBlCORa BE HeRHHSfiOCTb HapOffBOft 

Maccw v .. nponoB^AHHKH acKeTHqecKofi HpaBCTBeHHoexn cmhtsjh 
BOo6me HpaBu h oStiqan HapoAa 6*cobckhmh h rp'fexoBHMMH u l )« 
Tftvb He MeHie HapoAHHH B033p*Hia h o6uqaH Aep»ajncb 
Kp*oKO, ii fta»e bi> ijapcTBOBame CsiteoHa BRsapxy IoaBBy npH- 
xoffMOCb sajosaTBCH Ha npoAOJUKaBmax-b eme cymecTBOBa-rb 

epeTHKOBT> H fl3IJqflHKOBl,, KOTOpblMH 6WJIH, B*pOflTHO, 

rjiaBHUM'b o6paaoM'b cjiaBane: „Aa ca cpamiflTCfl yfio, nncajrb 
oht>, bc* noinn6eHH h CKBepnin MaHHxen h bch n o ran h (t. e. 

A3MHHHRH) C JDL O B e H H H BCH fi3bf I*bl 3JU>B*pHm tt ■). „0«HMmiaJIb- 

Hbifl rpeqecRifi RjHpi>, OTHocHBinificx ci> npeBe6peseBiein> h 
BpasffOHi kt> HapoflHoft jkhbhh h ea aaTpiapxaibHo-CwroBOMy 
oSbiqaio, KaKT» bto 6hjio h y do.srap'b, h y cep6oBi>, h y pyc- 
ckhxt>, He Morb, KOHeqHO, HCTpe6HTb 9) 6tcoBCRHx , b whcewb"; 
no&THqecRaa noTpeSHocTb HapoAa He Morxa 6utb HCTpeSaeBa, 
h HapoA'b... coxpaHHJi'b h coBAaBaj'b cbok) ocoSyio ofixacTb 
nodTHiecRHX'b npeffaflift u 8 ). Ob ffpyroft cTopoHhi, aapoAy npn- 
xoAHJocb OTCTanBaTb 6paRi> ct> ero aauqecRoit oSpnAHOCTbio 

H OT"b OOrOMHJbCTBa. OflHHlTb B&h CyH^eCTBeHfe&IIIHX'b nyHRTOBl> 

Toro yqemM 6bixo^ HaRi> h3b*ctho, noisoe OTpHijaBie 6paRa. 
BftpoflTHo, bt» cbash c*b npeAaflieirb O TOMT>, 1TO AAaMT> H EBa 
6wjh Hayieau MOTCRoaiy rpfcxy AiaBOJiOM'b. KocMa npecBH- 
Tep*b roBopHTb, hto, no MHtHiio 6oroMMOBT>, ^Toro (t. e. Aia- 
BOJia) noBejr&Hie — xeHbi uoHMaxH HceBflmaaca qejroB'bKH h 
aHBymia bt> Mip* MauoHHHbi cjiyrn 30ByTT> tt ; 4 ) A*Teft 6oro- 

MHJW HeHaBHA*JIH H 3BBJIH HX*b MaMOHHHHU^a M A i a B O JI H- 

q h m a. 9tott> nocafcAHifi npeApascyAOK'b, npH6aBJifleT7> r. Ilbi- 

i) Uhhuhi b CnacoBHHi: HcTopia ojaB*Hca. jBTepaiypt, H3i. 1879. I, 
CTp. 60. 

*) ibid. CTp. 66. 
3 ) ibid. CTp. 76. 

*) Bnpoiem, no juisii) r.flpaHOBa, oorowuH bobcc He 6hjb tbkbmb acae- 
TaMH no OTHomeBii) ai xeamBBam, aaai axi o6hkhob6hbo upeicTaBijiDTi.^pH- 
hobi- K)edh6 cjaMae a BflaauTiii v% X Biat. M. 1876. CTp. 76). Ho Tin* He 
aeaie bt. namiTBHaaxi axi, xonie|mBxi 10 aaoi b HanesaTaauHXi, Hanp. upo$. 
£meii, roBopBTca: 9 Topbao 6o ecTb 6oroMWcsoe yieHie, 6paTie! Meca Be- 
jeTB ae 4ctb, Baaa ae bbth, xeaa ae bobmbti... rjaroj»me *ao bbbo h seaa 
on liaBoia ecn* (ib. crp. 76). 



Digitized by 




14 



9TH0rPAOH<IBCK0B OBOBPfeHIB. 



HHH'b, AO CHXT> HOpT> JKHBCTb BT> Cep6CK01Tb HapOfft, DO DOHfl- 
TlflMT> ROTOparO BT> 6pRVb eCTB rpfeX**, — H BT> BHHHeCROM'b fl8BIir& 

euirb o6wKHOBeeHO HaabiBaerb OTija cbohmt> ponuTeieMrb no 
rpnjexy, t. e. Hepea'b rp*xi> l ). Bt> nhxhwb&meu^ HSJoate- 

fliu Haw* npHAeTCfl BCTpfcTHTbCB Cb OCTftTKftMH nOAOfiHIJX'b 

H«eS h bt> Bojirapia. 

Ho, HecMOTpa oahbro Ha bc* nepeiHCAeHHua HaMHBJiiaHia 

H 06CT0flT6JIbCTBa, KOTOpUfl AOXJKHhl 6bIJIH CrXBAHTb BT> BOJ- 

rapiH HapoAHbifl Bosap'buis aa 6paKT> h cTapHHHBie CBaAe6Hbie 
o6pflAM 1 ohh Bce-TRKH yAepsaucb, ecjiH He bt> nciHofi qHCTorb 
h HenpHKOcHOBeHHOCTH, KaKT> y naJopyccoBi>,TO ct> He MeHbraefi, 

BaiTb y HHXT>, CHXOfi H CTO&ROCTBK), DpH HeWb CJiaBHH drift BJie- 

MeHTb, Kain> mbi yBHAHMt ffajrfee, B9hjh» pfemHTejbHbift nepe- 

BfcCb HaA1» TK>pKCRHMT> H DpO^HMH, OCTaBHBIDHMH DO Ce6* 
TOJIBRO He OCOOeHHO flCHUfl HepTbl . KaR*b H CJI*Ay6TT> OXHAaTb 

orb BCHKofi ropHott cTpaHM, bt. KOTopoft coo6meHia MesAy 

KHTejflMH pa3JHqHblXl> AOJHH'b OHeBh TpyAHU H p^AKM, Kb RO- 

Topoft itoith Ka«AHft ORpyrb HM-feerb cboh p*3Ria OTJiHqHTejrb- 

HLlfl qepTM, BbipaffiaiOU^iflCfl BT> OTT*HKaXT> fl3b]Rft, BT> pa3HHII,1i 
ROCTIOMa H BCeB08HO)RHUXl> o6bI 1 ia6B f b ) BT> p83JIHMHblX r b MftCTHO* 

cTflib BojrapiH — bt> boctoihoH h sanaAHoft npHAyHaficRoft 
BojrapiH, bt> ymejibflx'b BajiKaHt, bo MHornxT> qacTflxi> paB- 
hhhh GpaniH, Ha tosHhixT> CKJiOHax'b Poaodcrhxt* ropi>, bt> 
KMRHott h sanaAHofl ManeAOHiH *) — CBaAe6Hbie o6paAi* oneHB 

pa&IHIHbl, HO BT> OCHOBHblX'b HepTaXT> OHH HMilOTb BflOJIH* 

poACTBeHHwfl, cosepmeHHO ofinjift xapaRTepi h Hocarb, RaRi> 
Mbi cxaaajiH y»e, OTneiaTOR'b onenb rxy6oRoft CTapHHbi. 

Me»A7 bthmh paaGpocaHHUMH Tairb h cam* ocTaTRaHH 
CTapHHbi nepsoe m&cto aojikho npHHaAJieaaTb, paayMfceTca, npn • 
MHTHBHbiM'b aopMamb 6paRa, yAepacaBinHMCfl ao Hamero Bpe- 
MenH— 3aBJiHq an iio, hjh aacypHy BaHiio, h noRynR-fe 
Ateymerb. 

06bmaft 306AHH<lHUl, COOTB*TCTByK)mift yHHKHBlK) AP^B- 

He pyccRott j*TonncH h otmhu,* y Cep6oBi>, no cxosairh 
r. BoeBa, cymecTByerb em,e qohth Beapfb bt> Bojirapm: bt> 



IT u d h Ht: Op cit. CTp. 77—78. 

Boeai: K* 6paiaoMy np&By 6ojrapi, CTp. 2 — 8. 



Digitized by 



CBAABBHLIE OBPflftfcl BT» BOJirAPIH. 



15 



vb OKpyrarb Bojirpa«a, Pycqyra, KoTjra, Cuhbhr, flpaMM, 
Hpufena., h ecJiH HaiBHaerb HcnesaTB bt> IIpHRyHaftcKofi Boj- 
rapin, to AepatHTca enje bo Bcefi cm* bt> MaxeAOHiH. IIoxh- 
meHie A*BymeKi> npoHcxoAHTb oqem> qacTO gase bt> trkhxt> 
cnyiaflx'b, Korxa bt> h6mi> He npeACTasiifleTca HHKaKoti Haao- 
6hocth, Eor^a He cymecTByerb HHi&aRHX'b npenjiTCTBift m> 6paKy 

UH CO CTOpOHbl HeBtCTbl^ HH CO CTOpOHH pOffHTejefl 1 ). B*h 

TftKOMii bha* noxHnjeme bto npocTO npeffCTaBjiflerL co6oft 
oaKirb nepeaHBaHifl, tott> are o6pflgi>, HOToputt mm bhabmt> 

KHSTb BT> SOJirapCKOfi, TaKT> H BT> npOq«XT> CJtaBflHCRHXrb CBaffB- 

6axi>, ho tojlmco bt> ero HaHSojrfce coxpaHHBmeftca 0opn&. 
Sarfearb, qanje Bcero A*ByuiHy noxen^aiorb, bt> ciyqa* neco- 
rjiacifl Ha 6pairb co cropoHu en poAnxejieft; TorAa onenh qacTo 
A*jio ae oSxoahtch 6e3T> HenpiaraocTefi, noronH (noTepa) 
h Aaae RpoBonpoMTi* *). Bnpoqearh, onenh bo3MOkho, hto 
TaKoe Hecorjiacie co cropoBH poAHTejieft 6hiBaen> HHorAa 

TOJIbKO npHTBOpHMWb, H QOXHH^eHie HpOHCXOAHTT>, Cb HX*b Bi- 

AOMa, a^h H36*waHia cBaAc6HBixi> pacxoAOB?> *), icain> bto 
A&iaeTCfl bt> IIoboascrhx'b ry6epHiflxi» BejiHKopoccin 4 ). Ha- 
KOHe^, HaH6ojt*e npHMHTHBHtifi xapaKTepi> BM*erb noxnmeHie 
AfeByineK?* bdojib* BacHJBCTBeHHoe, npoTBBT> hxt> bom. Ecjih 
MOJioAoft qejEOB*Ri> aejiaerb OBjaA&Tb /vfeBymKoti, Koxopaa ae 
OTB^qaeTt na ero qyBCTBa h He xoqerb buxoahtb 8a Hero 
Banyan*, oht> npHnamaerb h^ckouko ApyaeS, noACTeperaerb 
Vb hhmh A*ByniKy h, Bu6paBiDH yAofiHuft MOMeflrb, noxHmaerb 



*) ibid. cip. 6 — 7. 

a ) B o 6 1 e b X — Hays a. Ill eh. II cxp. 34. 

») Do MHiaiD p. n. P. GiaiefliOBa, BiipameHooiiy bt> CTa-rvfe ero Burap- 
csiTi uocjoBim (IlepHoxaqecKO CnicaHBe II, 1888), Toa npeiima e, *e 
HOMmrb He mouii *o s&dj&th 6a6a-xaKft (o6Xma) h npoi. Bo6ieai. 
Op. cit. CTp. 84. 

*) „Bpaaa y&knm% coBepoaDTca bo BafoxaHie cBaAe6iraxi pacxojOBi, xjh 

BBJ.HMOCTB, 1TO aV^6Tl> MiCTO f BpaBOCJaBB BX1> KpeCTMH* BC*X% BBpOlHOCTefi. 

Taaie se 6paan coBepmaDTca h y pacxonHBXOBii, aoria oei oT^aDTi cbohxi xo- 
Mepei aa npaBocjaBHHx*, c* m^mud ee aoxasan xojoahocth k% cbohmi B*po- 
BaHun. Emit Cojobiobi — Ovepaa aapoaaaro Dpaxavecaaro 6ma. 
KaaaHi>. 1888 (otticbi nil KasaH. ry6epaca. B-fe^oiiocTefl, xoBeieHBHfi toj&eo xo 
72 CTp., Taai aan xauBiftmee le^aTaaie 6hjo vpeapaaieBO no pacaopaseBin 
MicTHaro rytfepaaTopa). CTp. 27. 



Digitized by 




16 



8TH0rPA«HHB0KOE 0B03F6HIB. 



ee cHJioft, npn h6mt> eft 3awHMaK>rb poTb, qTofo He 6bijio 
ojmuiho ea Kpina, h yTacRHBaiorb Ky«a - HHfiyAb bt> ropu m 
Aepwarb t&mt> HfeCROJbRo Aneft, noxa Be sacTaBarb ee, vb 

ROBUfb EOHIJOB'b, OTftaTbCfl CBOeMy BOXHTHTeJK), ROTOpblft, He- 

MeffjeHBO *pa3BfaH a*bctboto h u l ). 3aTfeirb hbjuik>tc« k*b 
AyxoBHOMy HaqancTBy, aoxopoe, erei> roBopflrb r. BoeBi>, 
HHKorga uosth He OTsaauBaerB bt> 6jrarocJiOBeHiH 6paRa, xoth 
6m h cosepmaeMaro npoTHBi> bojih poAHTejieft. CoBepmeHHO 
noffoSHwe we HpaBH mh HaxoAHifb h y qepemicb EaaaHCEoft 
ry6epHiH. Bt> XY1II b*k* y hhxt> xesHrb ct> TOBapunjaNH 
BpuBajrcfl chjeok) bi> flOMT> HeB&cTu, saxsaTUB&i'b ee H cn*- 
mHjn> BCTynHTb ci> Heft *aKTnqecEH bt> 6paxi> enje na Aopor* 

B'b ROWb H npH CBHA'feTeJflX'b. B'b MaJMbI WCROM'b yfc3R* H Te- 

nepb enje HeB*cry noxHn^atorb h3t> xopoBO^a hjh bt> jrfecy... 
h ecjiH oaa ne coiuamaeTca Ao6poBOjbHO c**AOBRTb sa noxn- 
THTeiflMH, ee 6bk)ti> h, HecMOTpa Ha oxqaaHHoe conporaBJe- 
Hie. yB03flTT> BT> aomt> weHnxa *). 

OnncHBaa nojoSHbie we HpaBbi AarecTaHCKnxi> ropueBi*, y 
KOTopwx'b toiho TaKi* we ^OTBepweHHbift seHHxi» noARapayan- 
BaeTi> xioSaiiyio hhi> A*BymEy, b* oSn^ecTBfe HfecROiibRHX'b 
TOBapHmeft OBjaAfeBaeTb ex> chjoB, TanjHrb bt> Hanepe/n* npn- 
roTOBjeHHoe y6fcwHme h HeaieAxeHHO eeaqecrarb ee% M. M. 
KoBajieBCBift npHSaBJiaerb, q-ro t bto A**aeTca ct> i;*jibio, hto6h 
he A^BymRa, hh ea poACTBeHHHRH He moimth OTRasaTb hoxh- 
THTejrto bt> ea pya* 8 ) a . „Qo yqeniio saxoHOBiiAOB'b MycyjbMaH- 
CRoft uiROJibi IIIaoaH u , roBopHTb A&Jitme tot* we aBTop'b, 
^OTeA'b BnpaBt pacnopawaxbca pyaoK) CBoeft AO^epn juiinb bt> 
Tom> TOJibRo ciyqa*, ecjra OHa tojibko A*BCTBeHHHija; noTepa 
ijfejiOMyApia npeRpamaerb CBodoAy oma bt> Bu6op* Myxa a*« 
Aoqepn" *). Mm He AyMaeafb, qTo6u bosmowho 6ujio npeAQOJia- 
raTb B'b SoJirapcROM'b o6biqa* BJiiafiie IIIapiaTa; HecoMH&HHO, 
qTo 9to o6biqafi ropasAO 6ojrfee ApeBHift h DpHTOMt o6n^eqejiOB i b- 
qecaifl, h, no Bceft b^pohthocth, y nycyjbMaHCRMXT> aapoAOB* 

l ) JD^eioBt. Ba6a-Era crp. 74; Bo^en Op. dt. 1. e. Bogisic: 
Sbornik sadosnijh pravnih obicala a juznih sloven*, crp. 193. 
s ) Ompiioit: ^epeHRCB, CTp. 129. 

3 ) Mate. KoBftjeBCRifi: 3aitom» h o6u4Ai Ha Kaetaai. I, crp. 176. 

*) ibid. CTp. 175. 




CBAgEBHUE OBPHRH Wb BOirAPIH. 



17 



owb 6hun> tojbko ocBtn^eH'b IIIapiaTOirb, bi» CMy AaBBeft 
npHBbiHKH, nepemeAmefi bt> 3aKom>. 

Pmaomt> vb paBHWMH BHflaMH noxHmenia bc* hctohhhrh, 
E3*b KOTopbin> HJbi qepnaeirb CB*ff*Hin o npasAHHqHHX'b o6bi- 
qaaxi> 6oirapi>, CTasarb o6wkhob6hho THKse h npHciaHKH, 
opnrHHarbHbifi bhat> 6paRa, saRJuoqaionu&ca bt> tomt> ? hto 
AfcBymRa, croBopHBinHcb HHorga npe/isapHTeJiBHO ct> vtemxowb 
h 3a6paBfflH bt> He6ojibuioMT> ysxfe cbok> OAesAy h BooSnje, qxo 

MOSerb S&XBBTHTb H3T> CBOHX*b HO'RHTROB'b, CSMa npHXOffHTT> 

kt> seHHxy bt> nowb ero poAHTejieft. Ilpnfla, ona npHfijosaeTca 
kt> orBH> Ha oiarfe h M^maerb ero, noRaBHBaa Tfeirb, sairb 
roBopHTb r. BorHfflHqi, too npumjia hoat> samHTy ofiHTejiH. 
3aTfeMi> OHa A*jryeTi> pyxn y AOnamBHxt oto8a* bt> yroin*, 

CTOHTb TaMl), B*b OKHAaHiH OTB*Ta OTb IMaBbl CeMBH — ROMa- 

BHHa. IIpuBBTie ea Bbipa»aeTca, no cjiosairb KaHHn,a h 
HojiaROBa, t*mt>, hto ee npHrjamaDTb c*ctb rt> oraio. DpH 
saRjnoqesiH tipana treem^ o6pa80irb, mennx'b He njiararb 
arapiHKa poAHTejiflMt HeB^cTu h He na,em> nOAapROBi> ea 
poflCTBeHHHKaM'b; caMa OHa He nojryqaeTTb npHA&B&ro; Ha 
CBaffbSfe He duBaerb hhrto h3t> ea poahh, ho aaTO, ecM nocxfe 
nepBoit hohh HeBfecTa ORaseTca He coxpaHHBmefi a*bctbch- 
hocth, OHa He Moseirb yae 6mH» OTnpaBjreBa o6parao kt> 

CBOHlfb pOAHTeJRM'b, RaR'b 8T0 6blBae«Tb B«b nOA06HbJXT> cay- 

qaaxTb npn o6urhob6hho& CBa«b6* 1 ). 

IIo o6i>HCHeHiK) aBTopoBi>, coo6n^aioii^Hx i b naarb bth noApo6- 
hocth, STorb bha^ 6paRa npaRTHKyeTca bt> t*xt> cjiyqaaxt, Ror^a 
poAHTejiH HeB^CTH hh 3a hto He coraamaioTca aa 6paKi> ea 
cb HdopaHHHM'b eio ffieHHxoM'b, a noxnnjeme ea He MoaceTb 
6uTb ycTpoeno hjhh no HeyAo6cxBy, hjih noTOMy, hto o6biiafi 
btott> BMBeJica H3T> ynoTpeSjieHia (BoeBT>), hjih ace npocTO 

H31> BROHOMiH, ROl'Aa JKCHHX'b H ero CeMbH He HM'blOT'b AOCTa- 

tohho cpeACTBi>, HTo6bi 3anjiaTHTL arapjbiR'b h KynwTb uoAapRH 

>) J[»6eHoti: Ba6a-Era. crp. 73; Hojiiobi. Op. cit. CTp. 27; Bogi- 
Sic, Op. cit. CTp. 193; Boeit. Op. cit. CTp. 9. 06maft, no KOTopoMy cam 
XiBymu upixoim a* *eaaxy, BCTptsaeTCH, noBHAHMony, h y Biaoropiixi npa- 
mhthbhhxi HapoAOM. Taai, vh raiaH*, one fille apporte son hamac a cote de 
celui de l^poux qu'elle a accepte, l'attache et tout est fini (Laumie r. Cere- 
monies nnptiales. p. 328. 

9THnrpA«iiqBCKOR oBoanniR. XXVll. 2 



Digitized by 




18 



dTHOrPAQHIECROB OB03PAHIB. 



(JlK)6eHOBT>, ^OJiaKt)BT>, C*aBellKOBT>). U0CJ^b]l,UEB H81> BTHXTb 

npa4HHi> HMfeeTO, B^poflTHO, yae nosAHfeftmee npoHexosAeHie. 
rtepsafl HMterb xapaKrep'b Sojrfee ecTecTBeHHuft h dojfee Apes- 
Hift, cyAfl no toA pojih, KaKyio arpaerB bt> Heft oroHb AOMam- 
Hflro onara h npHROCBOBeHie kt> Heiiy upHmeAmeft bt> qysoft 

pOffT* A*ByiDKH. CoBepUiaB BTOTTb HOCJrfeAHift aKTb, A*ByuiKa, CT> 
OAHOfi CTOpOHU, CTaBHTb pOffHTCJieti CBOerO SeHBXa Bl> H€B03- 

moshoctb nporaaTB ee *), a t*mt> caMuarb h cBHMaerb cb 
hhxi> h ci> neHHxa, paBHO naKT> h co Bcero ero pofla, BCflRyio 
OTB*TCTBeHBOCTb nepeA^ cBOHMb poaomx, ct> ffpyrofi se CTO- 
poHH, nocTaBHBmH ce6a noff'b samHTy onara hoboA cenbH, 
OHa paapwBaeT'b cbhbb ct> CBoeft ceMbeft h jramaerb ee npaaa 
aafipaTb ee caioft. Bt> btomt» oTHOineniH HHTepecHO to, hto 
B*KOTopwe asTopbi, kslvb Hanp. r. Bo6qeBi>, naahiBaiOTL n p h- 
CTEHKftMH BOoSnje BCflKifi bhat> noxnmeHiH A*ByniKH ci ei 
corjiacifl h aaiorb hmh np hctahy mH bchkoA jrfcBymfffc, 
corjacHBmeftcfl 6wTb noxHmeHHoft uh Boofime bmSth sajfysrb 

HOMHMO BOJIH CBOHXT> pOffHTexett H He C06.HOA* XOTb 6u a^ko- 

pyMa conpoTHBJieHifl HceHHxy*). Ho b osmose ho TaKHte, hto bt> 
npOHCXOSAeaiH btojpo oSbiqan nip a jo pojb h to npaBO, koto- 
poe npHBHaeTca npaKTHKofi AarecTaBcrax'b cyAOBi> sa sasAofi 
ofieaqemeHBoft h 3a6epeMeH*Bineft A&Byinsoft hah Aaae baoboS, — 

OpaBO BOpBaTBCfl CHJIofi B*b AOMT> 8fl Co6jia3HHTeM, pOAHTB 

TaMi> peSeHKa h rfean> npHByAHTb ero B3HTb ee ceS'b bt> aceHH *). 
Ha 8to rae HaMeKaeTi> OTqacra noAoSHbift xe yKpaHHCKift oShmaft, 
o KOTopoMi> Mbi hm&bh yae cjyiaft ynoMHBaTb bt» npeatHHxi* 
cbohxt> pa6oTaxi> no BTOMy Bonpocy. Ho cioBairb BonjaHa, B*b 
CTapHHHoft YKpaHB* A^ByuiKa TaRi> me npHxoAMja wb aomi> se- 
HHxa h TpeSoBajia, «ito6u oht> Ha Heft aeHuiicfl, npH newb poah- 



i) BoeBi roBopHTi, Bnpoiem, tto eon poxHreia xeasxa aecoriacBH Ha 
TatyD CBax*6y cioero chha uh Boo6ioe Be meiam* 6pa» aa cefa otb^tct b6h- 
hocth nepexi poxnejivi aeBicTH, to xtBymsa men bi xomt. Eoro-HH6yxb m 
poxcTBeiHiROBi xeeixa h Him ocTaexcfl tiki, nosa HoxiixBmaacji bcxbactbiq 
•Toro ccopa ee craxHen (ibid. cip. 9). Ho ■ bi otom* cjyiat AtsyniiA ace 
t&kh ocTaeTca nox* oxpaeoft cexefiHaro owi n xon* poxcTBOBBHia soaixa, r*% 
ee Bpeciixoian an B&m o6paTHO, oibbbxho, bbjilbji. 

») Bo6ieBi.- Hayxa III, cTp. 34. 

3) M . Koiajeicili' 3aaoei a o6aiaft, II ctp. 168. 




CBAABBHhIB OBPHffBI BT> BOJTAPIH. 



19 



Tera ero He carfejH BTOMy np6n jitctbob&tb , 6oacB rHfeBa Eoacia 
uh saRoro-Hfl6yAB HecqacTia, tari> Kasi> BBir-HaTB orb ce6a 
yfeByniKy 6bijo 6m bt> doaoGhoitb cjyiab ocKop6jieHieMi> Bcero 
ea po*a n moimto 6u noBJieiB pasHua HenpiaTHOCTH, a cb «py- 
roS ctopohu, SoacL rataa n HaxaaaHia co CTopoHBi ijepKBH, 
BOTOpaa, oynyHH oiera CTporoi bt> TaKHXT> cjyqax'B, upeA- 
OHCUBajca noicaaHie h H&iaraJia 6ojBmia HaRasaaia, nospuBaa 
bccb ffOMi> eeaqecTieMTb *). Uo Bceft b*poathocth, bto Birfenia- 

T6JBCTB0 U,epKBH BT> YKpaHH* H Rpa&He CHHCXOffHTe^bHOe 6B 

OTHoineeie rt> noAo6HBiMT> cjyqaflMi> bt> BojirapiH MOserB 
Hlf&TB toabro TaKoe O&BflCHeme. 

Hto KacaeTCfl, aarbMb, ^pyroro npHMHTHBHaro BH^a 6pai?a — 
Eymui Hes'bcTBi, to h oht> coxpaHMCfl Ha BajxaHCROifB nojry- 
ocrpoB*, hoaoCho yMMKaaiio, HecpaBHeHHO 6ojbine, h*btb y 
bc*xt> npoHHH» cji&BflHCRHX'b HapoAOBi^ a bt> BojirapiH npe*- 
CTaBJcaeTB co6ok) qpeaBbinaftHO 6ojBinoft TeopeTimecRifi HHTe- 
peci>, coxpaHHBmH bt> ce6* qepTu Kam> BBiKyna hcbIjcth, 
bt> cMucjb yAOBJieTBopeHia ea poAa 3a HaHeceeHBitt hm?> no- 
xHn^emeiTB ffbBymsH MopajBHbift h BROHOMHnecRift ymep6T>, 
Tamb h B03HarpaRA6Hii poAa, b*b jam* ea npeACTaBirrejia— 
AOMaRHHa hih 0Tn;a HeBfeCTi* 3a npaBO, npHHagJieHcaBinee eiiy, 
RaRi» TaROMy npeACTaBHT&ifo, Ha A*BC?BeHH0CTb aeBftcTBi. 9th 
ABa SHaiema tuaTbi aa A*ByoiRy, Bupasaioiaiaca bt> AByxi> 
poAax*B njnaTBHca — o6ymTa h arapj&R'B, SyAy^n oqeHB 
qacTO cosepmeHHO pasAfcJeHBi MewAy co6ok> h lopHAHiecRH 
Apyn> otb Apyra pauHiaeiiu, a^aytb Hann* bosmotkhoctb npo- 



») ...et voila de quelle facon lee filles amoureuBes ne peuvent manquer 
d'estre bien tost pourvues, car elles controignent (dans la perseverance) le 
pere, la mere et leurs serviteurs a ce qu'elles desirent et eomme je disois 
cydessus crointe d'encourir le courroux de Dieu, etqu'il leur en arrivast quelque 
sinistra mainour: car de mettre hors la fiUe ce serait offencer toute sa race, 
qai en aarait dn ressentiment, et anssi meame its n'ont pas pour ce suiet le pou- 
Yoir cPuser la voye de fait et de violence, sans encourir comma je disois l'ire 
et la punition de 1'EgliBe qui est rigoureuse en ce cas ordonnant qnand cela 
arrive des penitences et des grandes amendes et notant leurs maisons d'infa- 
mie, tellement qu'estans intimidez de ces fausses superstitions, ils evitent tant 
qu'ils peuvent lea infortunes qu'ils croyent comma articles de foy leur devoir 
arriver par le refus de leurs enfants aux filles qui les demandent. Beau- 
plan: Description de l l Ukraine, p. 118, 119. 



Digitized by 




20 



STHOrPAftHHBCKOB OB03P*HIB. 



cjtbhhtb h noHHTB ocTaTKH noRo6Hbix r b we o6wqaeBT> h y npo- 
hhxt> cjiaBHHb, a Taicne buhchhtb HfcROTopbifl oieHb aanyTae- 

HNH CTOpOHU npHMHTHBHO OpaHHNX'b OTHOmeHift. TaiTb KaKT> 
OHH He CTOflTb OTfl'BJIbHO OT*b COBpeneHHWXT> CBafle6HhlXT> 06- 
pHflOB'b, a HanpOTHBT>, TBCHO CT> HHMH CBJIgaHbl, H TftKl* KaiTb 

Kb 9thxt> oSpflAaxi* mm ria/rfteMCff HaftTH oieHb MHoroe a-ih hxt> 
o6-bffCHeHia, to mm ocTaBjjieMT> pascMOTpfeme hxt> ffo Toro 
MOMeHTa, Kor^a ohh noaBMioTCH bt> HopMaJibHOirb xofffe nepe- 
roBopoBTi, npeAmecTByion^Hxi> OBa^e*, h ca*ii*xi> CBaaeCHHX'b 
mepeMOHiit. 

TaKHMi> o6pa30»n>, mm bhahm-b, ^to 6ojirapcKift Hapog?> yffep- 
acajn> bt> ymejn>flxT> KaJTKBHT> bt> cocToaBin nojHoit TRHSHeHHO- 

CTH T* npHMHTHBHblfl fcOpMH 6paKH, KOTOpHH y npO^HXT* CJia- 
BflHT> OCTaJtHCB TOJIbKO BT> BHfl* nepeHHBamft BT» CBaAe6HBIXl> 

o6pHffaxT>. Bjiarogapfl reorpa*H*recKOBiy nojoaceHiio CTpaHN, 

«0pMfaI 9TH He HCqe3JEH, HeCMOTpH Ha MHOJKeCTBO CJtOSHUXl> 9 

KyjbTypHux'b BJiiHHift h aaate HecMOTpa Ha jojiro kMctbo- 
BaBmee bi> Bojraphr BHaairrificKoe (oco66hho gyxoBHoe) aaBOHO - 
ffaTejrLCTBo, npecjt^AOBaBmee bth aopMH, ocotieHHO se iioxh- 
meme »eHmHHT», ct> canoft ahkoA acecroKocTbio, Ha KOTopyio 
TaK'b cnoco6Ha 6wjia BroaHTia 1 ). 

Ho, MOseTb SbiTb, Han6oj[*e apRoe AOKasaTeJib ctbo saiife- 
qaTaibHofi ctoHrocth gpeBHExi* o6biHaeBi> y Sojirapt iu hb- 



t) 0 CTporocra 9THZI 3anoHOBT» i Bootfnje 0 xecroKOCTH npeciftiOBaBiji yxHxa- 
Bia, iase bi <|>opiii hhcto pHTyaibuoft, mu moblgmi coct&bbtl ceti* noBHTie no 

BHSftHTifiCKHM'B SaKOHatfl, I«BHCTBOBaBnfHMl jaxe B* ipeBBefi PyCH. Tftftl, 24 CT. 

t&ki» H&8UBaeiun» „8axoHHHxi> HH. r i tf nacHT* cjtiy»mee: 

„BicxHTHBmefi aceaoy, bxb odpoywooyi), bjm Heotipoyieaoyi), bib BiOBoy ame 
6jaropoxBa 6oyie-rt bjb patfa, hjh ocio6oxeuaia,. . . ante me eto b cbod o6poy^- 
hisx) bicxhtbti, ame oyfo cb opoy*ien* b new a naiflnaMB BicxHBteaie ctbo- 
put ooyieTb, TasoBuft KewMt nasaes* ooyieT&j a c%moco6iHDmfiv eMoy h cBixoy- 
mea xoTtBien npieMmea ce, ase xaKOBoe jh6o noTmaaie CTsopnaie o cen, 
6b6MB a ocTpiateHB, boch Hxi oyptaaTH. Ame ji ate 6es* Bcaxaro opoysia ncza- 
meHie CTBopima, axe oy<5o BtcxHrneaie CTBopaBBft, poyxa ero oyciveai xa 6oy- 
xoyn, coocniiDbCTBOBaBmeB blo b TaaoBoai ncxsmeaiB bjb rbxoymeB b nocjoy- 
sHBmefl b bo BOJ* upacTaBmeB b TOMoy, ase BasoBoe jb6o BOTBiaaie o ran 
cTBopBBBceB, 6hen\ ■ ocrpBseini, noToienH xa 6oyioyrB a . A. II a b j o b *. B KsHm 
saKOHUBw" (C6opsm OTitjeaia pyon&aro B8. b cjob6gb. Hun. AKaieniH Haymi. . 
t. XXXVni, >& 3, CTp. 67). 




CBAAKBHUE OBPBAH BT> BOJirAPIH. 



21 



xoftHMT> bt> oSmesrb ochobhomt> noHflTiH 6ojirapcKaro Hapo^a 
o cBaffb6* co bcbmh efl o6paAaMH, e&ri> rjiaBHOMt h e/uiH- 
ctb6hho p'bmaion^eMrb aRrfc, ycTanaBJiUBaioii^eH'b 6paHBoe co- 
»HTejibCTBO, domhmo 6paRa i^epKOBHaro, cocTaBjiaiomaro h y 
6ojirapi> TOJbKO Tpe6yeMyH> saROHoarb <DopMajbHocTfc. I1oao6ho 
yKpaHHi^aMb *), BejiHRopyccaarb *), pyMbiBairb 3 ) h npoHHMt Ha- 
poflaMT> 4 ), 6ojrrapu cMOTparb Ha oSpaA'b HapoAHoft CBaffbSti, 
Ram> Ha anrb, eAHHCTBeHHo ^aiomifi npaBO cqHTarrbca cynpy- 
raMH h BCTynaTb Me»Ay co6ok> bt> cynpyaecnia oTHoniema: 
^CsaffGaTa e ffpyro, a BfcHqaHHeTO Apyro", roBopHTb oahht» 
H3b jiyqinHXT> HBCJiiffOBaTeieft 6ojirapcRoft CBafft6bi r. Bo6- 
qeBi>: „ToBa Hfenjo co6HpaTe.iHTb aa HapoffHH-rt oSH^an He 
Tp*6Ba Aa nsrySaarb H3*b np&Ai> o«ra, Kora pacnHTsarb. Bt> 
CTapo Bp&Me Sea-b CBaa6a (coBORynHocxbTa Ha o6paAHT*), 
B'BHqaHHeTo e 6hjio h«b^o hcmhcjihmo. CfiaACaTa e 6ua no 
rjaBHOTO h ti ce e npoAi»SBaaa h'bkojko nena; vjtiwb Hea cee 
paarjiaraasajio aa cb6HTHeTO, Hpfc3i> Hea c& ce npaBora AOMa- 
oihhth BecejiSn; qpteb Hea ce e AasaJio &a ce posCepe, qe co- 
SHTHeTo HMa rojrfeMa BaacHOCTb". — „Cera", npoAOji»aeTb 0H«b, 
fl CBaA6a e H3ry6nja~CTapaTa en o6pbahoctb h chmbojhsm'b 4 '). 
Ho He CMOTpa Ha ocjiafijieHie CTapHHHWb o6f*qaeBi> noAi» 
BJiiameM-b o6njeeBponeftcKott KyjibTypu, ochobhoA BarMA* ua 
SHaneHie cbrabGiii sce-TaRH npoAOjaraerb, noBHAHMOary, ocTa- 
BaTbcn npeiKHifi- bt> nojbsy 9Toro, no KpaftHeft ni-Bpfe, roBopHrb 

i) G6opHHKi sa Hapo3H yMOTBopema, aay&a h bbb*h., t. Ill, cTp. 149. 

*) „BiaqaHie He Aijaen hs% Hen (HeBtcTu) menu h xeamjiBii— oBa no npeat- 
bom j npHBHaeTCJ ADBymaoft. . . ona ho meaa— - oh» jcBBymsa... tipani aiuaeTca 06- 
meapH3HaBaeMBm tojmo aa BTOpoA xeab Bocji BiBHaaia*. UoiOMapeit: 
06pa*0Bnfi otoaA (C*BepHHH B*bctbhki 1890, mn 9 otp. 71). 

3 ) „Bkfl?aBie, no bohhtIiimi HBornxi mojaobehi, aecMOTpa aa to, ito obh 
HcnoBt>jyK>TT> npaBocjaBie, ae cqHraeTca TajtHCTBom, a tojbeo oopaAom, anoTOMy 
ciyqaeTCH, *to, cnpasaB* CBajetiBHa <J>opna.imocTH, a HHorja ■ oesi 8Toro, He 
HcnojBJiji oopaja Binaaur, Mynuaaa a ateBHWBa atBByTi bbtbct*, aasHBaacB 
Hyson* a xeBoft. 3amyai: Beccapa6ciaji o6jbctb (MaTepiajn xjb reorpa<J>ia 
a craTHCTHBH Poccia, co(5p. o<{)Buepaiia Teaep. UlTa6a) Ci 6. 1862, 1, crp. 482. 

*) qepeMBcH aexaBBO eve „xot4 a BiaqaJBCB bi uepaBa, bo aioro Biauaia 
ae cMHTajH aa bo hto a neperfee^HBajH mojoxhzi aombl no cBoeny a . CupBOBi: 
HepeMBCH. crp. 182. 

*) Bo 6 1 e b i. MaTepaaja sa 6urapcaoTO o6asaaao apano (Xacapcaii onpyn) 
bt, atypB. Hay a a & II 1882, CTp. 35. 



Digitized by 




22 



OTHOrPAGHHBCKOE 0B03PMIB. 



aoJiHOTa CBa^eSHaro o6pflga, BHAHaa mt> bc*xt> ero coBpeiteH- 
Hbix'b onHcaHifi. 

HeoSxo^HMO, BnponeMi>, cRasaTb, hto iioaoShoc OTHomeflie 
kt> cBaflefiHOMy o6paAy, cpaBHBTejibHO ct> o6phaomt> i^epKOBHbiarb, 
BOBce He cocTaBJifleT'b RaRoft-HH6yAB oco6eHHOCTB cjaBAHCKuxi, 
njreMBH'b hjdeh mieMeH'b rt> hhmtj 6ju3KHxt> reorpaM^ecra. Ot- 
HomeHie sto BHTeajio joraiecRH h3t> caitoft cymHoc™ 6pana 
h bt» cBoe BpeMn cymecTBOBajio Bezpfi bt> EBpont, 6yAy*iH 
npHSHaBaeaio ^aace caMofi xpncTiaHCKofi i^epROBBK). 9 BpaBi» 
6biJi p b yse 6jrarocJOBJifleM'b bt> asbiqecRHX'b xpajfax*", roBopHTb 
ynoMBHyTbift h8mh. Bume Edelstand da Meril, peraria 
Sojrfee CTporafl, KOTopaa npoB03raacHJia iioctobhctbo 6panHUx ( b 
o6fl3aTejibCTB , b ? HyBCTBOsaJia ce6a babo&b* o6asaHHoft o^hcthtb 

TO ,1TO BT> HHXT> OblJDLO MOTCKarO, TaHHCTBGHHUlfb B03fffeftCTBieM'b 

CBameHBaro o6pflAa u . w Ho 6paKi> nojiyqajn* cHJiyTOJUbKO 6ypyw 
oaKTimecKH coBepmeHHbiM'b% npoAOiaraerb oht> canine, ccw- 
jaflCb Ha MHtme Gratianus'a „h caMa n;epROBb He Morjua 
ocBflmaTb ero HanepeA'b, nona oht> eme Be cymecTBoaajrb bt> 

A r bfiCTBHTeJIbHOCTH a . „T0JlbK0 B'b XV B*K* I^epROBb noqyBCTBo- 

Bajia HeoGxoftHMOCTb oTJosHTb Jioraxy wh cropoHy, h aajibn,- 
6yprcRift co6opi> bt> 1420 r. nocTaHOBHXb oSasaTejbHbiM'b npa- 
bhjiomt> coBepmaTb i^epROBHufi o6paAT» B*HiaHia He nocifc 
o>aRTHiecRaro BCTynjieHia Spaqymuxca bt> nojioBoe coacHTejCb- 
ctbo, k a k t> toto Tpe6oBajn> oSuqafi, a ao Hero aa ). 
n Ho Bce-TaRM, bo H36fcwaHie HenocjrfeAOBaTe-ibHocTH, Heo6xo- 
AHmo 6ujio HaflTH aopaiy, KOTopan, He saTporHBaa ij^jioMyApia, 
6bi.ia-6bi Bee TaKH MaTepiajbHHM'b coeAHHeHiewnb, h bt> KaiecTB* 
TaKofl «opuyjibi 6bun> BBeAem. ijgpKOBbio pHTyajibHbifl noEtftayfi. *) 
Ho o6t> 9tomt> CyAerb cRasaHO 6ojrfee— bt> CBoearb m*ct*. 



1) „Non est dubium illam mulierem non pertinere ad matrimonium, cum qua 
commiztio sexus non docetur tuisse". Grationus: De bigami* nou ordinandis. ch. 
V. (Ed. Du-Meril, op. cit., p. 86), 

2 ) ,Matrimonia quoqne quae benedicenda fuerint, non post, ut moria 
e x t i t i t, sed ante ipsorum carnalem consummationem ac solemnitatis nnptiarnm 
celebrationem, pro benedictionis ipsius reverentia benedicantur. n Hartzheim Coa- 
silia Germaniae. t. V, p. 190. (Edelst. Du-Meril, op. cit. p. 36). 

3 ) Ed. Du-Meril. Op. cit. p. 36, 37. 




CBAflBBHHE OBPHAH BT> BOJl TAPIR. 



23 



ECJIH HftMT> npHXOffHJIOCB JKRJIOBaTbCH Ha HeffOCTaTOKT* MRTe- 

piajoB'b ffjfl Haynefiifl yRpaHBCKoft cBaAbOw, to othochtcjibho 
Bojirapia btotb He^ocTaTOirb eme omyTHTejbHte. HecMOTpa 
Ha rjySoRift naTpioTuaifB, nocTaBHsmift rayqeme cBoeti Ha- 
POahocth bt> hhcjio caifuxii rjaBHMXT> saaaqt o6n^ecTBeHHofl 
A'baTejbBocTH, HecMOTpa na saicliqaTejibHyH) Beeprii), o6flapy- 
aHBinyiocfl bt> 6ojrapcRoft JiHTepaTyplj h HayRfc co BpeMesH 
Haqajia nojiHTHqecRaro BOspoargeHifl btoA CTpaHti, HecMOTpa 
Aawe Ha to, too rayqenie SojrrapcRaro riapoaa cAfrsajocB 
offHofl bbi rocyxapcTBeHHBixi> saAaq* ero npaBHTencTBa, — 
MaTepiajiOBT> Bce-Tann oqeHB Majro, h t*, xaxie hm*i>tch, 

CJIMHIKOMTb M8JT0 yflOBJreTBOpHTeJBHM. To 1TO 6WJIO CA*JiaHO 
EpeSHHMH H3CJrfeAOBaTeJHMH, PaKOBCRHM^BepKOBHieMl) 

HoiaKOfiUMi, 6p. MHJiaAHHOBUHH, JI K) 6. K a p a b e- 

JOBbUfb H ApyrHMH, KpOlfb KpftTKOCTH H Hpe3M'fepH0ft CTblflJIH- 

bocth, sacTaBJABinefi hxt> yuajpiHBaTb 060 Bceifb, qTo CKOJbKo 
HH6yAB Morao noRasaTBca HenpncToftHbiMT>, OTJtnqaeTca eme 
Tbwb^ qTO BHHMame aBTopoBt 6wjo o6pampno Ma hcrjho- 
qHTejBHo na o6pflffM, nps qem> onycRaracB rrfecHH, hjih Ha 
abCHH, npHqeifb noqra Bosce He ynoMHHaiDTCH oSpaAu- Bo> 
pesyjibTarb osaauBaeTCfl oTcyrcxBie xoth-6bi offHoro oaacaHia 
cbbabSh, KOTopoe 6m aaBajio secb nocj*AOBaTejn>Hwfi xoat> ea, 
ea ApaMaTHqecxoe scenario, #aBajio 6bi bobmojkhoctb iiojib- 

SOBaTBCfl nfeCHHMH flJfl OfrbflCHeHlfl oSpflAOBTb H T. a* Pa6oThi HO- 

B*ftniHx f b H3cjrfeAOBaTejie&, SyAyiH Taai&e cjhidrom , b RpaTRHMH, 
HM*iorb 6ojvbe sayqHbifl xapaKTept, ho HHorga noHeBOjrfe CTpa- 

AaiOTb H'&ROTOpofi OAHOCTOpOHHOCTBK), KaRT>, Hanp., BBCBMa 

noqTeHHue TpyAM rr. BoeBa, BofiqeBa, Kaacyxapoaa 

XpHCTOBa H AP HJIH OHflTb-TaKH H^ROTOpoft OTpBIBOqHOCTBH) 

h HSJiHniHefi CKpoMHocTbio, KaKi>, Hanp., jiyqmiii m*b HOB'feftnmx'b 
c6opHHROBi>, H3AaBaetf Bift r. nianRapeBHMT.. Hbi> hho- 
CTpaHHuxB yqeHbixt, nncaBinHx r b o 6ojirapcRHX'b CBa#b6axT>, 
6ojiBme Bcero cA*JiaHo npo*eccopoirb B. B.BorHmuHeui> h 
rr. KpayccoMT) h ^030homt>, ho MOHy MeHTajibHbifi TpyAi> 
nepBaro h3t> hhxt> RacaeTca tojibro AByxT> SoJirapcRHxt oRpyroBi> 
BocToq. PyiceJiiH, a oqeHB cTapaTe jibh 0 cocTaBjreHHaa rjiaBa o 
OoJirapcKHXTb CBaflb6axi> bt> rhhf& r. Kpaycca npeACTasjuerb 
tojibro Haqajio HayqHoft o6pa6oTRH npe»A^ H3AaHHBixi» MaTe- 




24 



8THOrPA*HWCffO* OBOSPfeBIX. 



piaiovb; Basra me flfizoua, nften xapasTepi 6oj*c +uo*o- 
raiecxiiL, h*mt> 9THorpa#Hqecnft. h Be ecerjia onraeici ao- 
craToHHO CTporofi sparaKoi. HaxoHen,*, bhmm ibibo Sua 
CA&iaBU BiiBOTopuui nonuTiH noxyqjiTb oracaaifl CBagefrb, ca*- 
iftBRUf no Harnett cnenjaxbHofi nporpaimlk Ki> co*aj'feHj», 
9to 6uio sarb paai» bo apeMfl boAbu ct> CepSieS h crtjoBaB- 
nnix'b sa aeio coowxifi, icoTopiu Maio cnoco6cTBOBajH coo- 
KoftHOM y aaajTiio TaRHMH npeAMeraMH, Kan> 8TBorpa#i*, h Han 
yxaxocb noiyiBTb tojbeo Aaa onHcasifl 6ojrapcKHx-b CBaaefrb: 
oabo, xora h oieab KpaxBoe, ho aaxxioqaiomee bt> ce5* b* 
KOTopiu oneBb AparoifbaflUfl AexaiH, on> r. HeTpa Paja- 
b ob a H3i> Bap flu, h Apyroe— H3i> Paaioxcsaro o«pyra Mase- 
xoaia, npeBocxoflBo cocTaBjeaaoe no Harnett nporpaim* Be- 
HaafecTHbiirb aaMi jLHuoifb, nepecaaHO bbmi> r-HOMT> /JaHa- 
AsieBUMi>. 06a oth onHcaaifi, aa KOTopua us* cms.ewb csoett 
odaaaBBOCTbH) npaaecTb hxt> aBTopaMi* aamy i\iy6oKyio 6*aro- 
AapBocTB, x ) 6yxyrb nepeAaau Sana bt> ne^aTB. Bee aro oieab 
ntHflo, paBHO KaKi> u^hhh a t* naTepiajbi, KOTopue 6hjh 
aaneqaT&Hbi y»e h doctobbbo npoAOJ[waion> neqaTaTbca, ho 
vbwb Be Mea^e acero BToro eme cjnunsoM'b aeAocTaToiHO. 

9tott>-to flHeBBO HeA0CTaT0Ki> cffbAfenift irhmaerb Ham 
npesffe Bcero onpeA'kiHTb h to, cymecTByerb « Meacjy mo- 
Jioaeatbio 6o*rapcKaro aapo^a KaBafl-Ba6yAB nocToaHHaa opra- 
BHsaiua, noAodHaa to&, KaKyio mu bhjIjxh bi> YKpaHH-b bt> 
bha* napyfioABoft h ahboakoA rpoMafli? Ho ecjra 
oaa h ae cymecTByerb bt> nocTOBBaoirb bha*, to, bo bcbkom*b 
ciyia*, H3t» onHcaaifi, KOTopua y aacb HM*K)TCfl, m&i Mowein. 
aasjaoiHTb, hto kba* Mojoaue jioah, TaK*b h A^ay id kb see 
TasH rpynnBpyioTca pi cbohxi> co6paaifi a npoiHX'b o6m,e- 
CTBeHHbixi> yBeceaeBitt n Brpi>. Taxifl coGpaaifl mojoabjkh, jyi- 
mee onHcaBie KOTopux?> sua mrbeirb B^IloKasajibn* PaKoa- 
cKaro, n3B*cTHbi boat* nueuewb c*AeHOKT>, noct^eHORi) 



i) He xoiem tasse He ynonaHVTB c% 6ou>mofi 6jaroxapHOCTBD o tom* jd- 

668BOMI COXlftCTBiH, KOTOpOB 6uiO 0K&8&H0 HftMl T, T. H B a H 0 M I A p C 6 H T h 6- 

bimi AaBaxaieBHMi, XapiamiieMi AHreiOBHMi, Xpacto- 
bhmi, Gtooobumi h xp. v coo6maBnra«H Han* pa3HHe neiaTHae ■ nacbueBBHe 
naTepUuH, yiaaafiiB a t. h. 




CBAftBBHblB OBPflffU Vb BOJTAPIH. 



25 



aonpeJioRi h np. 4 ) YcTpaHBaiOTCfl ohh o6mkhob6hho oceabio 
Ha xpaio AepeBHH Boxpyr* 6ojn>moro xocxpa, a 3hm oft bi> hs6^. 
Bck> Hoib pasAaiOTca nfeCHH bo scefi AepeBHft, h TOibKo noAT> 
yTpo pacxoAHTca. ^OceHbH> a , roBOpHTCx B*b ODHeamH Paxo- 
BCKaro *), KorAa eme noroaa ctoht'b xopoman, AfeBymxH a 
MOJOAwa seH^HHu, 8 ) bt> HapflAHbixT> njaTbax 1 *, cb 6y- 

BBTaifH HS 1 * JKHBhlXT) UB*TOBT> Ha rOJlOB*, OTDpaBJXIOTCfl 06blK- 

hob6hho h^ ryMHO hah ace Ha cejibcxyio njoma^b (hjhh Ha 
Aopory sa ceoEOM-b, kskt> roBopnrb HoiaiOBt, *) rA* npea^e 
ohh pac k jaffHBaioT'b oroflb, noToirb, doctbbhbidh bo- 
Kpyri> o r h a phhhua AepeBaHHHH jhbkh, caAXTca 
Ha hhxt> n HaHEHaiorb Bet bm*ct* pa6oTBTb, t. e. npacTb 
jLewb h t. n. Pa6oTa 9Ta conpoBosrA&eTca SeanpepuBHUnH 
n'bCHHMH. C-b Apyrofi CTopoHH, cejbCKie napHH Toace co6h- 

paiOTCH BM*CTfe H, paSAfeAHBIHUCfc Ha H&CKOJtbKO APyRHH'b, BO- 

opyacaioTCfi HoacaM h, najxaini hbtj onaceHia, hto6bi He caynnjiocb 
KaKoro-HH6yAB Hecqacria (b$pohtho, bto hm£jo cvucJFb bt> 
oco66hhocth bo speMH Typei^Karo rocnoACTxa), h sartBTb ot- 
upaB MioTCfl kt> A^ByjnKawb, hm*h ct> co6oft BcerAa xoro-HHCyAb,, 
yM^iomaro nrpaTB Ha KaKom> *HH6y a& HapoxHomb HyBusajub- 

HOaTb HHCTpy M6HT f fe . UpHAX Ha M*CTO, TA^ COOpaHbl yS6 A*Byffl- 

kh 5 napHH npHBiTCTByiorb hxt>, a A^BymKH^ oTBtnax na oto 
npHB*TCTBie, BCTaiOT'b h CToarb ao T*x«b nop-b, noxa bc* nap- 
HH ho ycHAyTcx Ha oahoS cropoH* xpyrooGpasaaro ciAainma 

H He npHTJtaCHTb C*CTb H HXT>, npOCfl BM$CTfe CT> TkWb n*Tb. 

^ByraxH caAHTca nojiyxpyroifb Ha Apyroft CTopoa* xpyra, 
o6pa3yenaro CKaMBflMH, bt> cpeAHH* xoToparo 6eanpepuBH0 ro« 
pHTi> oroHb, ocB-bmafl oojLinoe npocTpaHCTBO h npeACTaBJaa 

*) B* Bip6ini co6paBu Moioiexi Ha yiHn/B, iipoHcxoxamj* ooHRfloeeHHo 
on BejiMeu *o CnacoB*e«, hocjti BasBaeiji BeiepHnm, noTra co- 
BepmeHHO Taa* *e, aaai bt» YapaHHi (Be a pa 1689, Dhhh, Ji 1. CTp. 69). 

2 ) OraTba JRHB3H(j)OBa, cocTaBjeBHa* no ehbi"b PaaoBcaaro 1 noxi- 
meHHaa bi> H3BicTiaxi H. 06m. J»6HTejeft EcTecTB03Hayia, AaTpoDOiorin x 
3rHorpafiH. (Tpy^a dTBorpa^Hi. Orrfja, kh III, bub. I M. 1874 r. CTp. 51—58). 

3 ) Hto KacaeTCa ynacTia bthxi co6paHijtxi mojoxhxi z e b m h h 1, to 
oho Ham aaseTca oneH& coMHHTejBHHM*, Tim 6oiie hto He yooMHHaeTca hi b* 

OAHOM'Jb H31 npOHHXT* HCT0HHHK0BT> (B06Bl, Op . cit . CT}). 5; ^OJAXOfil, 

wp. 8, etc). 

*) ^oi&kobi, op. cit. CTp. 8. 



Digitized by 




26 



9TH0rPA<l>UqECK0K 0B03P&HIB. 



Becejoe 3p*jHme. *) fttBymKH HaHBHaiorb pa6oTaTb h h*tl 
nfeCHH, Tor^a Kant napHH chart* cmhpho n caymaiorb n*Hie, 
Bbipanafl npn btomi> yAOBOJibCTBie. Ilocjrh BToro napHH, cb 

CBOefi CTOpOHU, BC* BCTBIOTb Cb M*CTb H jmiHHaiOT'b BeCTH 

kojuo: KawAbift H3T» ehxi Sepera 3a pyRy Ty /rfcBymKy, ro- 
Topafl eMy apaBHTCH, Tara hto xopoboat> cocTaBjaeTca hb* 
K*BymeK r b h napHefi bm*ct*. [Io oROHiamH cuhckh, a*- 
syniRH ffaiorb icaacgafl cBoeMy jhoSobhbrj bx 3HaRi> npHBfl- 

3AHHOCTH KHTKy, T. 6. 6yR6THRT> H3T> IJB*TOB , b, 06BHThlft 

RpacHOio meJiROBOio HHTKoft. IlapHH, npHHflBmH 6yK6Tw h no- 
6jaroAapHBfflH sa bhxt» A*BymeK'b, paBHO Ran-b h sa nfcctni, 
npom;aiOTCfl cb hhmh h oTnpaBJiHioTCfl Ha ffpyryio ctfleHRy... 
Ha 3ap* RasAbiit m% napHefi HAerb Ha Ty cfeAeHKy, rff* na- 
xoffHTCfl ero cecTpa kjh ace ero OyAymaH HeBtcra, He HMtiomaa 
6paTa, h conpoBosAaeT'b ee &o AOMy. 

BHAOH3Bff*HeHie C&A6HRH cocTaBJifleTb y 6ojfrapT> TjfbRa. 
9to to ace hto tojok4 B"b YRpafiH* h n6MOHb bt> BeJH- 

ROpOCCiH, T. e. 06bliaft COSfclBaTb pOACTBeHHHROB'b H 3HaRO- 

mlixt> AJiff HcnoneHifl KaKoft-HHfiyAb pafioTM, TpeCyiomeft cpasy 
6oju»moro rojihhbctbb pa6oiHrb pyRi>, npH qeMt pa6oTa 8Ta 
HcnoAHfleTCfl bt> bha* BsaHMHaro OAOnreemH h 6esi> njaTH, a 
TOJEbRO 3a OAHoyromeHie r conpoBo»AaeMoe My3UROK> h nfeCHHMH. 
Bt> YKpaHHt, ocofieHHO bt> nocjrfeAHee BpeMH, 9thmt> qacTo nojb- 
3yH>TCfl h Aawe 3JioynoTpe6jrflK) , rb Rpynaue xosaeBa, oco6eHHO 
CBflH^eHHHRH h MeaKie noMfcmnRH. ^hh sa abb, sa Tpn no cejiy 
hah Aa»e no HfecRojbRHirb coc*ahhmt> cejaifb *3ahtt> npn- 
Kam,BKT> cb H*cROJibRHMH My3HKaHT8MH h n par* am a era na 

0 Hejbsa He otbtbthte aaiifaaTejBHoe cxojctbo Bcefi btob kbptkhh, npeicraB- 
juomoh (foirapcHoft cfcjeHEoft, do omcasiD PaftoicBaro, c% t-bmi, tto picym 
Ham HaitcTHaa BeiHiopycciaa sojajKa, noiiimaeiiaa bo wAx% xpecroMaTuxv. 



Bnpo?eirb, bi nocjfcjwee Bpevx itojwhhhoctl 3to3 komim nojBepraeTCH 

COMHiHiB. 



„Iftca ctohti ipeMyiie, 
B% rb» jricaxi orsn ropan, 
Ophh Toptm BejHBie; 
BoKpyn oraef cbbmbi ctoht-b, 

CiaMMI CTOBTB XJ^OBHB. 

Ha Tin cbamebx* xotfpa no jojwh, 



^06pH MOIOWB, BpaCHH l^BEO.H, 

IIodtl iAchb KOjrioxyDKB... 

Bt CpeXXBt HXl CTapHKl CHART*, 
Oh* TOHHTl CBOft 6yjaTHHfl HOXl. 
KOTeJl KHBHTl POpDHifl, 

Bosjtb KOTiaKOseji ctohti, 
Xotbti Eosia BapiaaTH... a 




CBAJP3BHHB OBPflflH BT> BOOTAPIH. 



27 



TOJOKy B*b BasHaieHHbift achb, o6hkhobobho bt> BOCBpeceBte. 
Ob yTpa bbjbiotch napHH h AfcBymKB, h pa6oTa after* rvfeauft 
fleHt, npepuBancb orb speMeaH ao BpeMeaH yromemeirb h 
TaHAaMH noAi> 3ByKH MysuKH. IIohth to ace cantoe npoHcxoAurb 
n bt> Bojrapin, ho TOJibso npHM*HHTejibHO kt> 3hmhbmt> pa6o 
t&jh>) h npHTOBTb coxpaHBH xapaKTepb Sojrfce nepBo6biTBO& 
saaHHHoft noMomH, ct> npHcoe^HHeflieifb kt> BTOMy scbxTb xa- 

paKTepHbIXT> OC06eHHOCTeft C*AGHRH. II 0 BCeft BipOflTHOCTH, BTO 

He hto HHoe, KaKb cjiiflHie bm^ct* AByxi» oSwqaeB b, npoHcmeA- 
mee, Moacerb 6utb, name caiio cofioio ecTecTB€HHo 9 bt> cnjiy 
o6uRnoBeHHUxi> ycjiOBifl cencRoft sh3hh. Bt» BejiHRopoccin, 
Hanp., no CAOBairb r. CymjOBa, jk>ah sasHTO^Hbic Be Aonyc- 
Raiorb ydpoftcTBa BeiepHHOR*b bt> CBOHXb ftOMaxi) H3T> ona- 
ceHia noABeprayTb csoe mmmmje BjiiuHiio neiHCTOft chjtu Ha 
ij'fejihix'b Tpn roffa. 1 ) OieHb Moaerb 6biTb, hto, scjiiffCTBie 
noAo5Hbixi> me oocroflTejibCTB'b hjeh name BOo6nje do npHiHBfe 
HeaejiaBin xosaeBTb ycTpansaTb y ce6a myMHOe c6opHme mo- 
JojiesH, . coGpaHiuM'b bthmi bt> BoJirapia npHnuocb HCxaTb 
npiiOTa h BOcnojbSOBaTbCH niKoft, RaK*b HaH6oxfee yAofiHtiirb 

CnOC060MT> COeAHHHTb C*ffeHhy Cb HHCTO BROHOMHieCRHlfb o6m- 

iaeMi> BsaHHHofi domoh^h bt» pa6orb. 

Be*iepoirb, bt> AeHb HasHaieHHiaft A*fl tji>kh, r/»a»h H3t> 
upHrjanieHHbixi) /vfeBymeK'b, oftbsmHCb b*b caMoe jiynmee h 
MCToe njaTbe, cb ije'feTaMH Ha rojOB* h npnroTOBHBniH k h t- 
. iy, t. e. 6yKeTHKT> ipfcTOBi*, fieperb cboio paayRpameHHyio 
npxjusy h, bt> conpoBOSAeHiH CBoero 6paTa hjh Koro-HHoyAb 
H3T> AonainHHXT>, OTopaBjifleTCH btj Rom*, KyA& ee oparjiacMH. 
KorAa BCfc A^BymKH co6epyrcH, oh* HanHBaiOTb HcnoJEHHTb npeA- 
jiaraeMyio mmt> aomoxosahhomt* paSoTy, name scero 6HTbe By- 
Kypysu hjh qTo-HH6yAb noAoSnoe, h bo Bee BpeHH saHflTin 
no4TH HenpepbiBHO nofOTb H3B*cTHaro poAa nfecHH. Ob Apyroft 

CTOpOHbl, napHH COCTaBJIflK)TT> H*CKOJIbKO Apy»HHT> HM*fl BO 

rcaBfe CBHp^Jibin.uROB'b, OTnpaBJflioTCfl bi> aomi>, rA* nponcxoAHTb 
Tjn>Ka. Ha BCTpfcHy hmt> bbixoahti* xo3flHHT> h npHrjramaeTb hxt> 
boAth bt> KOMHaTy, rA* naxoAflTCfl A^symRH. BoftA« bi» 8Ty 
ROMHaTy, napHH npesAe Bcero SAopoBaiOTca ci> A^BymHaMH, 



i) H. CyimoBi: ^ocsiTsa a doch^4jeh. K. 1886. erp. 6—6 




28 



OTflOrPAftHUSGKOB OB08P&HIE. 



KOTopwa bt> 3HaKi> yBaareiiifl TOTqacb BcraiOTB cb m*ci-b h 

CTORTB AO T*XT> HOpT>, HOKa DO HXT> npOCb6* napHH Be CSfiJTb 
Ha npOTHBOnOJIOSHOtt CTOpOH*. 

Hoc** Toro napHH, bt> cboh> oqepeffb, npHrxamaiorb A*BymeR , B 

C*CTb H npOCATb HXT> H*Tb IT&CHH HaiHHaeTCfl OHHTb pa60TH, 

conpoBOacffaeMaa ntaieirb h nrpofl Ha cBHptjiH hjhh Ha RaRomb- 
HH6y«b ApyrOMb HHCTpy M6HTb . IIopa6oTaBUiH TaKHMt oGpaaoMi* 
H*KOTopoe Bpenfl,HHorAa aoboxbho AOJiro, bc* BCTaiorb bm*ct* 
h, Bbififfji Ha ABop*b hjih, ecjH OToro He nosBOJiaerb norofta, 
ocTaBaflCb bt> Tofi are ROMHaT*, HaiHHaiOT'b bbcth xopo, npa 
qeifb HasAuft napeHb CTaHOBHTca phaomt> cb xofi ffbBymRoi, 
KOTopaa eiiy 6oju»me ApyrHxi> HpaBHTC*. Bt> cpeAHH* ae npyra 

CTOHTB Caifb XOSflHH'B H CO CB*HaMH HAH jyiHHOft Wb pyRaX«B 

ocB'tmaeTb TaHuyioin.HX'b . IIocje* BToro bc* ohrtb npH hhm aiOTCfl 
3a pa6oTy. Xopo BoaoSHOBXjieTCfl TaKHMb o6pa30M r b h*crojebro 
pa»T>. ^IIo nojyHoqH xo3hhht> HaxpbiBaeTb Ha ctoji Bbicra- 

BHBIOH, CMOTpfl HO COCTOHHilO, paBlHIHHJI RymaHB* H BHHO 

AtjMMH BeApaMH, yromaerb paSoTHH^. IlapHH *art*b bm*ct* 
Cb A^BymBaMH, yroman Apyn> Apyra, ho A*ByniKH BeAyrb 
ce6* ckpomho, BHHa me oh* hjh bobco He nbiorb, hjch oqeHb 
Majio. Hmt> npHCJEysHBaeT'b can* xo3ahhi> h bc* ero AOMaineie. 
Ilo OROB^aHin ysHHa bc* bbixoahtb Ha abop*b h cHOBa Taa- 
uyioTB xopo. Qocj* SToro, oTHpaBaemHCB bt> KOMHaTy, napHH 
npocfiTB npHHBCTH hmt> p*mexo cb mepcTBK) h BepeTenaifH. 
KOTopoe HeneAaeHHO hphhocatb h RjiaAyrb ero b-b cepeAHH* 
KOMHHTU. TorAa Ha»ABift nm napHefi 6eperB H3i> ptmera He- 
MHoro mepcTH h BepeTeno, ROTopufl nepeAaeTB CBoeft B03Jno6- 
jieHHofi, npocfl ee nonasaTB eMy, naxTb npnAyrB. Orb aroro 
npeAJKOsenifl hh oAHa A*BymKa He no»erB oTRasaTBCfl, h6o, bt> 

npOTHBHOMT) CJiyqat, 8T0 6bJ JO 6h CHJIbHBlM'B OCROp6jeHieiCB AJCfl 

MOJiOAoro HejiOB*Ba. IIodTOMy A*ByiuKH cb paAOCTBio h totob- 
hoctbh) 6epyrB npeAJiaraeMBifl hmt> sepeTena h, HaMOTaBnm 

Ha HHX1> HCMHOrO OpflHtH, CHOBa B03Bp anjaiOTB HXT> HSpHfllfB. 

IlocjrBAHie, aejiafl CA*JnaTb A*BymKairB yAOBOJtbCTBie h noKa- 

3aTB HlfB, HTO H OHH yHaCTByWTB BT> SeHCROlfB TpyA* H HO- 

TOraiOTB ero, npaAyrB HesiHoro, hocjt* qero ohh ohhtb MaAyrb 
BepeTeHo wb p*meTO. 3to osHa^aerB, ito HacTynHJia nopa pac- 
xoAHTbCfl. Ho, npe»Ae q*Mi» paaofrrHCb, A^ayniKH BejwqaK>Tb 




CBARBBHllB OBPH^N Wb BCiTAPIH. 



29 



nfeCHHMK Kasgaro est* napHeft ct> toA A*BymKoft. ROTopaa npit- 
Hfljsa on> napHs sepeTeHo h 9thmt> ^aia SHairb, <ito h ohb He 
npoiB juo6htb ero. Bt> bto BpeMH AfesyniRa, KOTopyio Bera- 
qaKWb, ne noerb, ho, xona RpacHfta, rmK&vb bhhbi> ao t*xt> 
nop*b, noxa He HanHyrb BeraqaTb apyryio A*BymHy. IlfcCHH bth 
saKJuo^aiOTb bt> ce<5* o6biKuoBeBHO HameKH Ha 6y*ymee cobah- 
Heme «*ByuiKH h aapHa: 

Kipma, Toxopo, juiii, Uap* ■ ijapma, Toxopo; 

IIpaiH, T<uopo, MocToie, He mhhs napfc h ippma, 

Hi me xa vine, Toxopo, He Mm Ctcmhi h Paxa. . . 

IIo oKOHMaHiH noAo6Hofi ntcHH ocTajbHbia Kbnymnn h napHH 
noaApaBJiHiorb BejiHqaeMbix'b, roBopa hmt»: ^a 6yAeTi> ohb 
Te6t cqacTJHBOK), Ctohhi hie ^paraHt! #a 6y- 
Aefb oht> Te6* cMacTJTHBUM^, Pa^a hah 3jaTKal* 
Ilocjrfe BToro A*ByniKH pasftaiorb napHairb, KaacAaa CBoeMy, 
bhtrh h HairaaioTb pacxoAHTbca no AoicaMt bt> conpoBora- 
AeHiH 6paTa hah poACTBeHBHRa; a rfcx*, y xoTopmb h*tt> 
6paTa, conpoBOKAaiorb hxt> jioSobhhrh. Ecjih ace qncjo npn- 
cyTCTByiomnx'b A^Bymerb npeBbiwaerb hhcjio napfiett, H— Ha- 
oooporb, to m&cto HeAOCTatoumxi^ jhu,t> BaMftHJUOTB iiajoifrr- 
Hia a*th, KOTopbia He npHHHMaiorb HHRaRoro yqacria bi> urbrfe; 
bto A*JtaeTCfl toabro ajw Toro, HTo6bi mhcjio napHefi paBHajocb 
HHCjy A*ByraeRT> h Hao6oporb. tt 

IlepecM aTpHBaa HeMHoria aanncaHHwa ao chxt> aopi> u*chh, 
noionjiaca Ha bthxt> coCpaHiaxi, MOAOAeacH, mbi He HaxoAHMi> 
bt> hhxt> hh qeprb oco6eHHO apxaHqecHHXT>, hh yxasamft Ha 
nepBofiuTHoe SHaieHie 9thxt> coopamfl. RbCHH BaHJUoqafOTb bt> 
ceSfc TOJibRO qepm hhcto omtobmh, doapo6hocth, HMtionija 
xapaRTepi> qncTO onncaTejiBHuft h oneHB qacTo BecbMa hobth- 
qecaifi. OAna H3i> bthxt> ntcefirb Aaerb nawh npejiecTHyio Rap- 
THHEy, HBoCpaaeaiomyio AByxi* OBqapoBi>, co6paBinHxca ysn- 
HaTb h ycjibiuiaBiiiHx r b BHHsy bt> AOJiHH'b n*Hie A'hBynieH'b: OBqapu 
drhmaTb koh^htb CBoe „neqeHe arHfc% htoGu coMth bbh3t> u 
npBHHTB yqaarie bt> ctAGHRt l ). ^pyran nliCHfl pncyerb Hani> 
A^BymRy, poAHTeJin ROTopoft npnRaabiBaiOTb npnSpaTb ROMHaTy, 
nocTJiaTb nocTejb h joshtlch cnaTb; ona HcnoJiHflerb Bee bto 

0 C6opHiKiaa napoxHM ynoTiopeHiui, nayaa h auBXHRHa, II, CTp 36 y % 11. 




80 



OTHOrPAftHIBCKOE OBOBPfeHIE. 



h ae cnHT-b, a AO&A&BniHCb , noKa ycHyrb en po^HTe^H, hoth- 
xoHbKy yxoAHTi> kt> CBOHM*b noApyraarb Ha yjomy, ta* y»e o 
Heft cnpaBJfieTCfl ea mojoaoS Apyn> TpeTba n$CHa, oqeHb 
HBTepecHaa, npeACTaBjaerb Ha&rb AfcflRa-aajiyrepa, ycjumaB- 
maro B03jrb MOHacTbipa a*aie AfeByinRH h npoKJHHaiomaro cbom> 
cyA*6y: ecJtH 6u oht> ycAunuurb paHbme ea nfeaie, 



^Bymaa Beaa He CMymaerca, Biiponeirb, o6*TaMH, npona 
HeceHHUMH hojioaumii MOHaxoirb, h coB*TyeTb eiiy: 



IIo cjioBaMT> CTapHHHiax'b onncuBaTejieft fiojrrapcKHXt npa- 
bobT), A*BymKH h conpoBO»Aaiomie hxt> ct> efeAeHOR'b NOJOAue 
jioah pacxoAaTca no AOMairb, h9thmi> Bee ORaHiHBaeTca. Ho y 
hobMiiihxi» n3CJi*AOBaTej[[e8 mu HaxoAHMt ynoMHaaHie o tomt», 

HTO ^Bt H*KOTOpMX'b M*CTaXT> Ha nOC*AeHRaXT> MOMie H MO- 

mhijm HoqyK)TT> bm*ct* napaMH, ito, noBHAHMOMy, wrfcAyeTb 
noHHMaTB wb cMbicxi Aonymeaia m noJOBoro co»HTejn>CTBa, 
TaKi> KaKi» bcjtJ&at> 3aT*MT> cooSnjaiomifi o6t> btomt> aBTopi 
(r. BoeBT>) roBopHTb: „Bo MHorHxt M*CTaxi>, BnpoqeaM>, nooio- 
Bbifl CHomema yace He AonycaaiOTca*. TaKT>, Hanp., bo MHorax f b 
AepeBHaxT> okojio Pycqyaa cymecTByerb o6biqaft AonycKaTb 
Toro H3*b napHeft, KOTopuft noJibsyeTca pacnojroseHieifb a*bhi^m, 
HOHesaTb ct> Heft, ho tojkko c r b ycjiOBiearb secTH ce6a cRpoMHo; 
bt> npoTHBHOMX anyqafc, Hapymffrejieft npaBHJta o ij-fejroMyApeH- 

HOCTH SaCTaBJiaiOTb CROp'be BCTyHHTb bt> 6paKT» *). 

BoTb H BCfc A&HHblH, Kaflia MOrJIH Mhl OTMCRaTb Bl> JHHTe- 

paTypt BToro sonpoca o6t> o6mecTB6HHofl opraeH3ai£H mojio- 
AesH o6oero nojia y 6ojfrapi> h o nocHA*HRax r b. Ecjih mm He 
HaxoAHifb bt> hhxt> noApoOHbix'b ynasaHift Ha cymecTBOBaHie 
bi> BojirapiH TaKoft ace npaBHJbHoft opraHHsaiuH MoaoAeaH, Ra- 



ti ibid. cxp. 35, M 10. 
i) ibid. crp. 86, ft 12. 
3 ) Boesi. Ki 6paiHony npasy Bojrapi, crp 5. 



9 JtflM.6 Be 6ex ce woaajyr^pHi, 

nowuyrSpHJ, Hue opeMtaiu, 

ApeH opeipe«Hj, xyma noT6nnj...« 



». . . . (J>KpjH TjRt&B na 8 *JTa xynua, 

H UUHMOBKa B BOBft sxiHia 

Ta na ch xoUh kox MOMa Baia! tf *) 




CBAAXBBUB OBPHJM Wb BOJTAFIH. 



31 



Ryio Mil BHff-kra Ha ynpaHHCKHXT> napy (JoijbRoft h pBoi^b- 
Kofi rpoMHAax'b, to mju Bce-raHH aaM^qaescb acHue ca&ah 
cyn^ecTuoBaHia noAofieofi opraa&3aiUH npe*Ae. TaKHMH <yi*AaMH 
CHHTaeMi> Mbi apewAe acero echo BbipaseHuyi) rpynnnpoBKy 
napaefi h A*ByuieKT> ota^jibuo npjvb on Apyra, noEBJieflie 

TfcXT> H ApyrHXl> BT> BHA* OTff*JIbHHX'b KOMIiaHifi, ROJUeKTHBHblit 

npie*n>, A*JiaeiiMft A^BymxaMH napHflMt h t. a* Bo aceMb btobtb, 
KaKi> napHH, TaRi» h A^syuiKH hbjihiotch, Raffb rpynna, a He 
KaKT> cjiyiaftHoe co6pame mojoaux^ juoAefi, xota y hhxt>, no* 

BHAHMOMy, H*Tb, KaK*b BT> YRpaHflfc, HH CKJiaA^HHW, HH DOCTOflH- 

huxt> b3hocobt> bo> o 6m,e ctb6 h Hy io Baccy, hh oco6bix?> npeACTa- 
BHTejieit, KaKi> yspasHCBie o t a m a h i> h ot&m&hb^ h t. a* 
Enje bt> Sojrfee crpynnHpoBaHHoarb bha* h bi» 6oj*e bchoA, 

H'bWb BT> yKpaHH^^OpM* HBAflDTCH 9TH TpyUHfcl M0JE0A6SH, HpH» 

HEBiaa yiacTie bt> cBaAe6Hwxi» ijepeiioHiHX'b, rA* ohh oieHb 
qacTO HOCflTb qpesBbinafiHO xapaRTepabia aaaBaHia no6pa- 
THMOB'b h nocecTpHMT>, npaMo nepeHOca nacb BT> TOTb 
nepioA*b, KorAa bc* MOJiOAbie juoah siafla 6jujh ne»Ay cofioio 
SpaTbHMH, a AfeBymKH — cecTpaMH. Ho o6t> stout, mbi 6yA6M?» 
roBopHTb Acurite) Tenepb me oSpaTHirb Hame BHHManie aa APy* 
ryio, BfcpoflTHo, enje 6oji4e apxanqecsyio h 6ojrbe aasHyio, ct> 
toirh 3p*Hia HCTopiH KyjibTypw, oco6eBHocTb 6ojrapcBHXi» cfc- 
A6hori> — AonymeHie noJiOBhix^ cHomemft KexAy napMMH h 
A*BymBaMH, KOTopoe bt> YHpaHH*, xarb h bt> 6ojbmeft nacTH 
MiCTHOCTefl Bojirapin, ycirfejio npeBpamrbCJi y«e b% npocTofl 
o6biiaft nepeaHBaHifl — bt> coBifbcTHoe enaHbe 6ez r b bcs rhx% 
HHTHMHOCTeft, ^aRTHHecRH HapymaioinHX'b nfcJioiiyApie. 

„06biiafi CBo6oAHMXb nojOBbixi* OTHomeflifi aaMtieH* Obu* 
H3CJn*A0BaTejiflMii u — rbri> mbi CRasajra y»e co cjiobT) r. Boesa— 
H Ha nocHA*HKax r b 1 rfffe napHH h A^symRH HoqyiOTb BM&CTfe 
napaMH 44 . Ecjih mbi npHnoMHHMi> npn 8tomt> ynoBtflByTuft yxe 
hbmh Bbime *aRTb, ^to B'b to Bpenfl, KorAa nocj* TJTbRH nap- 
HH h A^BymRH pacxoAaTca no AOMaM**, oSpamaeTca ocooeHuoe 
BHEMasie Ha to, iTo6bi hhcjio napaefl paBHRjioob incjty a*- 
ByuieRT>, TaKi> htoGu RasAuft h RasAan hm4jih cbok> napy, h 
ito, bi> cjiyqa* aenapaocTH, HeAOCTaioii^HX'b jihi^t* aaM^HaiOTh 
MajiojrbTHie, He npHHimaiomie a He Moryn^ie npHHUMaxb yqa- 
CTie B r b Hrpaxi>, to Hain> Raaeica, hto hbi> bthlx* ^brtob'b 



Digitized by 



82 



9TH0rPA#HHBCK0B 0B03P*fflB. 



# 



mu uontewb BUBecTn saKjnoqeirie, qro otfuqan era npe«- 
CTaBjfl K)T*b co6ott Gojbinee, qfeMB o6biKHOBeHHwa co- 

SpuHifl MOJOffeTKH ffjfl yBecejeHifl, h HyarAaiOTCfl bb 6ojfee 

06CTOHTeJbHOMT> H3CJ&AOBaHiH, T*MT> 6oJTbe 1TO OHH, nOBHffH- 
MOMy, MOXO BflSyTCH CT> 06mepaCnp0CTpaH6HHHMH nOHffTiflMH 

o nojOBoit HpaBCTseHHOCTH y BojrapB. 

Knb coacajrbHiio, HaKB npejKHie, TaRT> h HOBMmie nncaTexH, 
roBopfl o itftaoMygpiii SoarapcRax-b veHiiwH'b, HRBor^a Be npo- 
BOffHTb CROJii>RO-HH6yAB p*3Koft nepTbi Meatfly noBeffenieirb 
areHD^HH'b ao sanywecTBa a bt> aaMywecTB*. He hm*h bb m- 
Teparyph pfemaTenHO hh o*Horo *aRTa, ROTopwft 6h npaMo 
yRaswBajrb Ha jierKoe noBeAeme saMyjRHHXB areHmHH'b, bth 
ckxohhij nyuRTb) hto oon^epacnpocTpaHenBoe MH*Hie o HXT> 
saM^qareJibHott b*phocth MyatBHMB «e MoareTB 6litb ocnapn- 
BaeMO. OTHoevrejfbHO ate DrfejioMyApia /vkBymeKB mbi HM^eirB 
OT3HBhi ffocTaToqHO npoTHBoptiHBbie. He roBopa yxe o tom*b, 
«ito T*-we nHcaTejH, ROTopHe yTBepstAatoTB, qxo Hapymeaie 
i^*jOMy/tpia fftByinRott ecTb Benjb bt> Bucraefl CTeneHH pfeffRaa 
h HCRJUOiftTeJbHaa, ^aiorb BM-feerfc cb rhm> yRasama Ha 
paaHaro poAa oSwnaH h o6paABi, cymecTBy»mie Ha cjyqatt, ecjiH 
HestbOTa ORaweTCfl He ffbBCTBeHHoft; bt> cB'feA'bHiax'b ate hob*S- 
mHXTj H3C4tffOBaTeieft mm aaxo/jHMB yate npaMwa yRaaaein Ha 

TO, TOO B*B H*KOTOpUXT>, DO RpaftHefl M*pt, MfeCTHOCTHXB EOJT- 

rapin ff*BCTBeHHocTb OH6HB Mdio ^hhtcx h HapymeHifl ea npo- 
hcxoartb aoboibho tocto. Tarn,, no cJOBaifb r. BoeBa, cBo6o«a 
hojobbixb oTHomeHift ao saiiysecTBa BCTp*<iaeTCH bb 6*jirpaA- 
qHRCROMB onpyrfe h 3arfeMB bt> MeRe^oHiH, bt> onpecTHOCTAx'B 
IIpHjrbna, rpjb oua npHKpBiBaeTca BCTytuteHiev b napHH cb a*- 

ByjUKO* BB TBRTb Ha3H& HOSpaTHMCTBO h nocecTpHM- 
CTBO. IlapeHB CB A*BymKOft OTHpaBJTfllOTCH BT> TipaSAHHRB KB 

o64ah*, bo BpeMfl MTesifl EBaHrejria ctoatt> bmIjct* orojo cbh- 
njeHHinta, 3aT*MB nocjfc o6*ahh ijfcjiyfOTCH h «1)jraK)TB Apyn> 
Apyry no^apRH. IIocji* dToro oSpa^a ofiiueHie hoaoShbixb no- 
6paTHM0BT> c«b cbohmh nocecTpHMHHH npoHcxoAHTb, RaRB y My w a 
cb weHoft, paBHHua tojibko s r b tomt>, hto ohh atHByrB BposB 
h bt> i^epROBHbia 6paKB MearAy co6ok) ue BCTynaiOTB. U,*jto- 

MyApeHHOCTB BB BTHXB WfeCTaXB He COCTaBJAeTb am A^BymRH 

Heo6xoAHMaro ycjiOBia npu BCTynjreHiH bi> 6paRi>, ho B*b sanyare- 




CBAflBBHblE OBPflflbl BT> BOJITAPIH. 



33 



ctb4 bth »e nocecTpuMM CTporo coCJUOAaiOTb cynpyraecRyioBfcp- 
HocTb 1 ). TaK7>-2se toiho bt> 6^Jnrpa^MHRCROM r b oRpyrb, no cjOBairb 
Toro ace aBTopa, Heu^JiOMyApeHHocTb HesicTw Baeqerb sa co6oio 
tojibko to, hto ee Rynaiorb bt» 6jH2Kaftiueft pfcR* Ha Apyroft a^hl 
nocjrfe o6i>flBjeHiir en bhhbi. Enje Sojrfee HHTepecHU bt> btomt> ot- 
Hoineflin, xom h He ourcmaiOTCfl aeaaTejibHoft onpe/rfejeHHocTbio, 
CB^A^Hifl, coo6n^aeMHH BepBOBHHesfb, o KHTeAflX'b Maxe- 
AOflin — KonaHOBijaxT> h IliHBijax'b. 0 nepBiwb, atHBymnx'b bt. 
M'bCTHOCTJix'b CRoncia, KyuaHOBCRa h BpaHCKa, oht> 
roBopHTb npflMo, hto „»eHCRifi nojn» y hhxt> pa3BpaTHLifl u , h 
qTO passparb y hext* n c4HTaeTCfl npeHMymecTBOM*b tt *). 0 bto- 
pwxT>, HacejiflK)n^HXT> npoorpaHCTBO iiejKAy ropaMH Cmort>, Ko- 
raHOBCKa, MejeniOBcna — ao Bhtomckhxt* h PnjibCHHX'b ropi>, 
roBopHTCfl TaRse no noBOAy o6biiafl nosadbiBaTb A°*a3aTejib- 

CTBa A*BCTBeHHOCTH HeB&CTbl, HTO BTOTb 06bIHaft HpOHBOmeJTb, 

BiipoflTHO, ^OTb HeptAKoft pasapaTHOCTH aceHCRaro nojia" (3Ha- 
qHTb ao saiiysecTBa). ^niflHeifb, roBopHTb BepROBHVb, 
jerRO cHOCHTb CesnecTie aceHmHHhj... Tpe6oBanifl HpaBCTBen- 

HOCTH H6 HMfefOTb HHRaROrO BjriflHJfl Ha HHX«b, OOBTOMy OHH 

Bosce He oOawaioTCfl, bhah lacro 6e3iecTie (HeBtcrb), xoth h 
qpesBWHafleo MCTHTejbHbi 8 ) tt . 9th oieHb HHTepecHUA caMH 
no ce6* arhblih, ycTaHaBJMBaiomitf BMiicrfe ct> BumenpHBeAeH- 

HHMH CB*A*HiflMH I\ BoeBH OttRTb CymeCTBOBflHifl B*b H*RO- 

Topwxb nrfeeiHOCTHx-b BojrapiH cbo6oabi no.soBbix'b oTHOiueHifi 
AO 6pana, AonojiHfliOTCfl y BepROBH^a abymh eme 6ojrfee bhjr- 
hume, aereHAaMH, ROTopwH, Moarerb 6biTb, bt> cocTOflHiH GpocHTi* 
H^ROTopuft cb*tt> Ha cymecTBOBame BToro poAa HpaBOBi y 
6oj[rapi> — njieMeHH, HMtemaro yse HHAHBHAyatfbHbift 6pain>, no 
Bcefi B*poflTHocTH, ropasAO paHbme cBoero uepecejeinH Ha 
fljH&ft. JlereHAa o npoHcxowAeHin KonaHOBii.eB'b roBopnrb, hto 



i) Boesi, op. cit. crp. 3—4. 

*) TypXH 9 t h o r p a 0 t *. H. OtimecTsa JId6bt. EcrecTBOBHamj!, AHtpono- 
joriH h 0TBorpa(J)ii kb. Ill, ran. I. M. 1874. ctp. 8, 9. Cwha B e pro- 
be h a BepeBexeBa h B8*aiia oiwbj&bo bo - oojirapcu ooai aarjasieMi Onaca- 
ii6 6htiti hi MasexoBCKBTi Burapi. K»CTeBAUi (roji bo 
o5o3Ba«ien). 

a) ibid. erp. 9. 




34 



BTHOrPAfclRECKOE OB03PHHIE. 



9TO DJieHfl, pa3MHOWHBIDHCB. „ffOCTHrJO rpaHHIfb HG^HCTBIXT) 

jioffefi, orb CHoniema ct> ROTOpUM h ohh HapymHJH noBexfeeie 
Bora", KOTopuS npoRJiaxB hx*b B qTo6u ohh 6bijh cjyraMH pas- 
BpaTHocTH h HCTpe6jeHiH tt . /Jpyrafl JEeree^a— o niflHUiax-b — 3a- 
MfoqaeTb bt> ce6* ho^th To-»e canoe: „Bon»... HanycTHJTb 
Ha hhxt> Rgxoe-TO CBHptnoe noKOJf*Hie aio^eA... 

H COBC'feM'b nOKHHyJTb HXT>...' BT> 6e3qHCJeHHHX r B fiHTB&X'b CT> 

Ahkhmh HapoAami h Me&B*bnnm ohh... pascfeajiHCB no pasHUMi 

M'feCTaM'b H C T a JH H W H T B, K a K T> C R 0 T H tt *). 

Ecjih Mbi npnnoMHHM'b ce6* npHBe^eHHUH h&mh Bbime xa- 
jo6h 8H3apxa IoaHHa no nosoAy cymecTBOBaniH bt> Eojrrapin 
^noraHMX'b cjiOBeH'b", to, no Bceft B*poHTHOCTH,Cb Harnett cto- 
poHbi He 6yAerb cjHmRoirb pHCKosaHbiM'b CA*JiaTb npeAno- 
jioaeHie, hto ^HenHCTbie h CBHpfcnHe jhoah" bthxt> * ereHA*B, ct» 
KOTopwMH npnxoAHJiocB ctbji khbrtb cfl 6ojrrapaMT> h,> 6.iaroAapfl 
CTOJiKHOBemio Cb KOTopwMH, 9th nocjr&AHie CAfeJaJracb „paa- 
BpaTHbiMH", t. e. CTaJH paBHOAymHO CMOTp*Tb Ha yBjeneHin 
A^BymeKTi ao 6pana, — hto bth jeioah— He kto hho8, RaRT> cia- 
BHHCKifl njeMeHa, HacejiHBniifl ApeBHioro Mnaiio ao npsxofta 
6oxrapi> h, nyTeirb CMfcraemH cb hhmh, noToarb nepeAaBmie 
hmi» rfe HpaBu, Kanie mbi HaxoAHirb bt> Ty-7Re anoxy h y ah*- 
npoBCKHxi> cjiaBflHij npnmeAHiHX'B, Kairb roBoparb jrbTonncB, 
Toae ct> AyHafl. 

IlpocMaTpHBaa HajoaceHHBie Bunie aaRTbi, HHTaTejrB o6pa- 
thjb, B^poflTHO, BHHManie na to cTpaHBoe cb nepBaro B3rj*AA 
o6cTOATej[BCTBO, hto KHBymje Me»Ay C06010 bt> CBA3H napeHB 
h A*ByniKa hocht-b HHorAa HaasaHie no 6p&thmobi> h no- 

CeCTpHMOBt H C0B6pHiaH)T f B Aawe B*b IjepRBH H*HTO BT» 

poA* o6paAft, 6jtH3Raro rt> TOMy ^HHy 6paTOTBopemH tt , koto- 
pbift h ao chxt» nopi> enje He BBunejb h3t» ynoTpegjiemH bt> 
Cep6in npn saHjnoqeHUi no6paTHMCTBa. Xoth coo6maH)mift 
9tott> aaKTb r. BoeBT> h npaBT>, rosopa, hto „Hejn>3H cmotp*tb 
Ha BTOTb o6bnaft, nam* Ha cosHaTeibHyio BRcnjyaTauiio 
pacnpocTpaHeHHaro Me»Ay ioxhmmh cjiaBflHEMH o6niafl no- 
SpaTHMCTBa h nocecTpHMCTBa bt> nousy pasBpaTa u *), t*mt> ae 



J ) ibid. CTp. 10. 

*) Eoee-h. Op. cit. CTp. 4. 




CBAABBHbltf OBPflAbl Wb BOJtfAPlH. 



MeH*e, ecjiH He npoHcxomAeHie, to, do KpafiHeft Mfcp* v 6jHi3Raji 
CB83b.9Toro o6hiqaa cb no6paTHMCTBOMT> bbmi> RaseTCfl He noA-ie- 
aameft coMHtHiio. <IIoRa aepKHTCH MaTpiapxarb*, roBopHrb 
M. M. KoBaaeBCKifi: cpoACTBeHHoe oTHomeme 6paTa h cecTpu 

ABJUeTCfl 0C06eHH0 rfeCHblMT^ eCJH Ha JIHIJO H6 HM*eTCfl GH3H- 

^ecKHro 6paTCTBa, to ero CTapaiOTca saMiHHTb 6paTCTBOMT> 
HCKyccTBeHHUMt h ct> BTofi ivfejbio oCpamaiOTca RT> TaR*b Ha- 

3bIBH6MOMy DOCeCTpHMCTBy > . <TaKOe HOCeCTpHMCTBOi, npOffOJU- 

saerb oht> a a ate: cnpeACTaBjiflerb hbmT) o6uqafi, bt> cHay 
KOToparo nmaBCRafl AfeBynnsa Bbi6Hpaen> ce6t Roro-HH6yAb 
H3i> HesceHaTbix'b nysHHH% bt> ,>i*aijajibi% hah HapeqeHBwe 
CpaT^fl. 8tott> uau,aia He tojlbko conpoBOKA^erb noBciOAy 
cboh) Hape^eHHyK) cecTpy, ho ct> B^Aoaia poAHTeaeft h cnnrh 
ct> Heio Ha OAHoft nocTejH. BecbMa p*ako, BnponeMi>, bth ot- 

HOJDieHifl HCKf CCTB6HH0 HOpOAHHBQIHXCfl MeSRAy C060H> MOJIOAHX'b 

JitOAett BbipasAaroTCB bt> OTHomemfl jek)6obhhka h Jno6oBHHi^bi ttl ). 
3to coBepmeHHO ecTecTBeHHO, TaEi RaEi> bhito ao TaRofi (vre- 
neHH He npoTHBopfciHTb cynpysecROMy coacHTejrbCTBy, Ran 
oraomeHifl opaTa h cecTpw, xoth 6t> h HCRyccTBeHHbifl . Ho 
ecjH aarbM'b, BCJifeACTBie HciesHOBeHia itaipiapxaTa, SHaieHie 
bthxt. oTHoraeHift yveHbinaeTCH, to t*mi> 6ojrhe yMeHbmacTCfl, 
pasyM^eTCH, h saaieHie HCRyccTBeHHaro poACTBa, npoAcnraaio- 
m,aro HHorAa aepaeaTbCfl bt> bha* TpaAHiun. OieHb HHTepecHO, 
hto noAoCnoe nocecTpHMCTBo bt> Cep6in, se nepefiA* eme bt» 
JHo6oBHbifl OTHomeHia, upHHRJO cb o6paAOBoil CTopoabi Toace 
topjty 6pana, xoth ROMMyHaxbHO-asbiqecRaro. Ilo cxoBaarb Byna 
KapaAauraa, bt> HeroTHH* h PmaB* bo BTopofi noHeA*xbHHR , b 
nocxfc QacxH— AeHb, Hocamifi xapanTepHoe HasBame druzi- 
calo — oapHH % H A*ByniEH eoOnpaiOTCfl bm£ct£, oSpasyiorb 
nap w, njieTyi^ b^hrh h3t» hbobuxi Bfrroirb, itfbxyiOTCH CRBOSb 

9TH B'bHRH H, 06M*HHBaflCb npH BTOMTj IiaCXaXbHblMH afiljaMH, 
3aRJtfOiaH)T'b MeSAy C060fi HOSpaTHMCTBO H HOCeCTpHMCTBO, 

ROTopoe ajhtch Becb roA^, ao cx*AyK>maro druiical'a, h hoto- 
poe TaR-b are, RaRi> h y nmaBOB'b, He nepexoAHTb o6urhob6hho 



i) Mokc. KoeoAtecKiu: 3aKOHi a oGmai Ha KaBKasi. M. 1S90. I. crp. 21. 



8* 




36 



BTHOrPAWTCECKOE OB03P*HTE. 



rpaHHui> HHCTO-6paTCKHX'B OTHomemlt 1 ). IJoAo6Hoe ase nepesH- 
Bame, ho bt> eme 6ojrbe HSMfeHeHHoirb sua**, mbi BCTp-fe^aeirb 
bt> BeJHBopocciH, rat, Hanp., bt> ATKapcxoirb y. CapaTOBCKoft 
ry6. AOCTHrraia 6paqearo BoapacTa A*ByniKH coSnpaiOTC* bt» 

npa3AHHKT> IIflTHffeCHTHHIi;H, BOffflTT* XOpOBOAU, fffeJiaiOTb HS'b 

3ejieHbixi> bAtok'b B'feHKH, itfuryiOTCfl qepe3i> HHX'b h saitJioqaiorb 
Meac^y co6oio H*qTO bt> poA* coioaa ApywSu, KOTopony aaiorb 
HMfl Ry MOBCTBft. B4hkh aarfeirb Gpocaiorb bt> BOAy*). 3axo 
bt> Apynixi. M*cjax'b Pocciir, a hmchho bt> IIcKOBCKoft ryG. n 
bt> Chohph, nocecTpHMCTBo BbipoAMOCb, KaKi> h bt> BoarapiH, 
bt> oTHomemji ropaaAO Cojrfee Oraairifl, Kan* bto mosho BHA*Tb 
avh Toro, hto bt> IIcKOBCKoft ry6. caosa no6paTHHi> h no- 
fipaTHM Ka ofioaHaqaiorb jno6oBHHKa h jno6oBH0ijy, a B*b 
Ch6hph cjiobo 6paTaHHuqT> osflaqaerb qejroB*Ka, poAHTera 
KOToparo npHHaAxewajH kt> paajmqHbiM'b HapoAHOCTflVb, Hanp. 
oTenrb pyccrifi, a Mara TaTapna h HaoSoporb *). 

IToBHAHMOMy, coBepmeHHO bt> cTopon* orb bc*xt> ohhch- 
BaeMux'b npoaBjemfi nojiOBoft cboSoam hrxoahtch ynoMHHae- 
Mhift r. BoeBUSfb (ib. CTp. 3) o6uqaft, H3BfecTHbi& noA* HMeneirb 
napaTCKo, cynjecTBOBaBmiit HeAaBHo, a MOwen> Clitb, h 
Tenepb eme He coBcfcirb HsqeBHyBmiit vh jsfijx'b cejeHiaxT*, 
rafipoB* h HoBOcejrb, bt> kmkhoB qacra /JocnaTCKHxi* ropi>, h 
3aKJnoHaiomiftcfl bte> tomi>, qTO ^momij.w h A*BoftKH Bbi6npaK>rb 
ffpyr'b Apyra, rto ct> K*in> Hcejiaerb, h napaMH OTQpaBM iotcs 

BT> JltCb, ME, eCJH BTO HpOHCXOAHTb 3HMOfl, TO Ha C*HHHK r b H 

TaMT> BCTynaiorb Apyn> ct> ApyroMi> bt> npoTHBoecTecTBeHBHH 
OTHomeHifl (per anum) . . . cTapHRH n cTapyxn CMOTpfli-b Ha bto, 
KaKi> Ha Benjb He npoTHBoaaEOHHyio, HeaanpemeHHyio: obh 
TOJibKo yjurfaiOTca, RorAa o6t> btomt* saroBopnnfb ct>hhm0; b4ab 
bt» csoe Bpevfl h ohh noBBOJHJiH ce6* gjramHee". OaRTb nporaBO- 



t) Vuk: Zivot i obycaji 274 mrr. y Bog&ka „PraYni obycaji > Slovena*. 
Zagr. 1867 CTp. 150, ■ KraMmtax Sitte and Brauch der Sttdslaven, b. 613. 

*) Munx-b: Hapojume oohtoh, o6paiH h op. y apecTuim GapaToscaofi ry6. 
1890. CTp . 104. 

*) Aom. ToiaoBHft CioaapB SHBaro Bejmopyccaaro usaaa I. 127. Boo6me 
o&k 9TOMI, aaai h paamat raxaxi no6paTHMCTBa, cm. Hamy CTann: La Fra- 
ternisation en Ukraine (M&usine, V, Mars-Ayril 1890. )4 8>. 




CBAAHBHhIE OBPRAU B*B BOJirAPIH. 3 7 

ecTecTBeHHbix'B cHouiemfi caur* no ceC* cctl flBJieme cjhih- 
ROirb o6bikhob6hho6 h BCTpfcqaiomeecH hohth y bc4xt> AHKapefi, 
a Tax»e 6biBinee oieHb pacnpocTpaHeHHWMi> y Bcbxt dohth 
ApeBHHX'b, ocofieHHO boctotohxt> (eABa jh He 6<wrfce Bcero y cbbih- 
THiecRHX'b) HapoAOBi* 1 ). Bi> ^aHHOMi> cjnyqa* oht> o6pamaeTb 
Ha ce6fl oco6eHHoe BHHMaaie rbirb, wo obt> npoHcxoAHi-b iiea^y 
oco6aMH pasHaro noja h npeacTaBjaerb nairb 6yA T o Hcsyc- 

CTBGHHyK) 3aM*Hy T*X*b eCTeCTBeHHbiX'b OTHOffleHifi, KOTOpUfl, 

KaKi> vu TOJibBO hto CRasajH, npeacffe AonycRaucb, a Koe-rffb 
coxpaHHJiHCB eme h ao chxt> nop-b. Kt> cosajrbHiio, hemi> pfcmH- 

T6JIbH0 HHierO He H3B*CTHO 0 TOMt, 6bIJI0 <IH BTO 06bIRH0Be- 

Hie pacopocTpaHeHO bt> EoarapiH npeatA^, h mm, TaKHMt o6pa- 

30M1>, AHmeHbl B03M0JKH0CTH CKOJIbKO-HH6yAb AORJMeHTaJIbHO 
COHOCTaBHTb BTOTb <&aKT"b Cb H3B*CTHMM r b SHaHemeMTi CJtOBa 

bougre, T.-e. bulgare, bo <&paHn;y3CK0irb ASbiRfe. Cjiobo 
bulgare, nepeA*JiaHHoe b no c Jri* ACTBi h bt» boulgre h, HaRo- 
Henp>, bougre, npHjarasmeeca CHaqajaKt ajibSHroflijaBMb f ), 
noTOM-b Ha^ajio osnaiaTb epeTHKOBi* Boo6me, a bm*ct* ct> 
t4mt> ynoTpeSjtflJiocb h y aoTpe&iaeicfl bt> cmbicjtb c o a o m h t t> $ ). 
Ho CAOfiairb III m hat a, HasBame bto jvlsl o6o3HaqeHifl epecH 
KaTapoB-b HanaJto ynoTpeSiHTbca bo OpaBuin tojbro ct> XIII 



i) Kh. Cyjeft, XIX, 22; IIocj. I n KopHHe. VI, 10; BiiTia XIX, 
4 — U. Demetmier : L 'Esprit des usages et des coutumes des difftrents peuples. 
Lond. 1776, II, 309-313); A. Beville: Les Religions des peuples non civilises. 
I. 318—314; Goya: Ce>6monies nuptiales p. 97 etc. 

*) Bougre- nom d'hSr^tiques. On les appelait Bulgare s. C l 6tait de 
la Bulgarie qulls Staient rtpandns dans le pays des Albigeois, de Bulgare 
on fit Bougre „(La Curne (fe Sainte-Pc&aye Diction, historique de Pane, 
lang. francaise. P. 1877); ,Dans le moy en-age des doctrines religieuses semblab- 
les rfgnaient parmi les Bulgares et les Albigeois, de la le nom des b o u g r e s 
donne* a ces hlrltiques" (Littord, Diction.). 

3 ) „B u 1 g a r i -Dicti praeterea Bulgari puerorum corruptores, unde Bouge* 
ronner— cum pueris rem habere. Hispan. Bujarron — masculorum concu- 
bitor. Interdum Bulgari seu Bougres dicti xTqvofiaxai (Dt* Conge: 
Glossarium ad script, me d. etinf. la ti nit is, v. Bulgari); 
Bougre— vient de Bulgare, parce que certains h6r6tiques bulgares 6taient 
accused de se livrer a la sodomie,— Sodomite. (Larrousse: Gr. Diet. Univ); 
Bougre, Bo ul gre — sodomite (Diet. Richelet, P. 1728 h Diet, de 
Trdvaux 1771). 



Digitized by 



38 



3THOrPA*H<USCKOK 0BO3PBBIB. 



B*ca h He ynoTpeCxwocB &o t*xt> nop* HHr#fe Connie. Oho 
6huo npHHeceHo bo OpaHnjio, no ero mh^hih), HeconB*HHo 
specTOHOcuaiui, ooTopue bo ©panda n Bo*rapiH Bcrpftqani 
6p6THK0B*b HcnoB^AUBaBmHX'b jyajHCTHqecnie aornara, a Ba- 
rt mt» Ha q a jo npuaraTBCfl si» epeTBKaMi> BOo6m,e, npn newh, 
mawb 6&mo crb cjiobomt> Ketzer bt> repMamH, vandois bo 
<X>paH£ciii, e*y npBftaB&M Heorja cmicrb enje 6oj*e raycHuft, 
ynorpefijiBfi ero jura o6o3BaieBi* yaracHaro h npoTHBoecrecTBeH- 
Haro npecTyajeHiB^ 1 ). Do mh^bih) r. lesre, cflenaBHCTB varo- 
MEEOWb npoTBB* 6oroMMOBT» 6hua npHHHHOfl 06BHHeBia, CBH- 
saHHaro b*b cpeame B*Ka co cjobomt, Boulgre 1 ). Ho npo- 

THBT> 9T0T0 MB*BHi*, KftlTb H OpOTHBl> MWhulB HlMB^Ta, MOKBO 

BOspasHTB, ito o6BHBeaie 6ojirapi> bt> epecs b coaomckom-b 
rpfexli, Barb roBopHTb caifb HTmh^tl, He cyn^ecxsoBaJO nnrjfr, 

BpOMfe <I>paHIUH, H npHTOVb OTHOCHTCfl nOieiiy-TO HCKJnO<lHTeXb- 

bo rt> SojirapaMT*, 6e3i> BCflearo npHJoarema Vb ^pyrawb epe- 

CfllTb, KOTOpid*, XOTH H 6bIXH o6BHBfle*H BO MBOrOlfb, BO HM6BB 
HX*b BCe-TaKH Be C^JtaiBCB CHHOHMMaMH HSBfeCTHblX'b rpfeXOBl*. 

CoffOMiB Be MorJia Be 6htb H3B*CTB0it bo ^paeiyH, Tas-b Km 
oaa cyn^ecTBOBaja eme y xpeBBHxi> raxioB*b •) &n h BooSn^e 
fitixa AOCTaTOiHo pacnpocTpaHesa B63A* h Bcerja, toto 
HTo6*i eft Be oco6eBHO yAHBjHTbCH. Ecjth me mm o6paTHm> 
BBHMaaie sa to, hto CojfrapcKie 6oroMB*bi, RaRi> mm ynoMH- 
HdJiH y»e, 0TpHD,ajni Spain* h BOoSnje CHomeBifl ct> weBmHBami 
h CTapaJiMCb Be hm4tb A*Teft, c^HTan hxt> „AiaBOJiH<iHmaMH% 

H eCJLH COnOCTaBBM'b CT> 9THM1» TOTT> ttaBTb, HTO y TypOK*b 

h npoiHX'b bocto^hmxt> HapoAOBT* „apr6s avoir commis btotb 
rp*xi> avec les hommes, on le commet avec Ies femmes et 
chez la plupart des Mahometans un abus secre ^oppose a la pro- 

i) „Ce nom n'a 6t6 employe* ni avant le XIII 8. ni ailleurs, qu'en France. 
II fat apporte* en ce pays sans doute par des croista qui en Thrace et en Bul- 
garie avaient rencontre" des he>6tiques professant les dogmes dnalistes . . . De 
meme que Patarin en Italie, Bougre finit par designer les he>6tiques en general 
et de meme qu'au mot Ketzer en Allemagne et au mot Yaudois en France on 
lui donna quelquefois an sens plus detestable encore, en s'en servant pour 
qualifier an crime horrible et contre nature* (Schmidt Histoire et doctrine de 
la secte des Cathares ou Albigeois. Paris-Geneve. 1848. II, 282. 

*) L. Liger, cjmn „Bogomiles a bt» La Grande Encyclopedic 

3 ) Diod. Sicul. lib. V, cap. 21. 




CBA/lKBHhlE OBPflflhl BT> BOJrAPIH. 



39 



pagation de Tespece" 1 ), a Tasace, hto no yqeHifo MaTOHHKOBi> 

MOJKHO 6UJEO npHMHpflTB IlOTpeCHOCTH jhoCbh ct> TpeCdBaHiflMH 

Ao6poA$TeJiH, h qTo y hhxt> <)es femmes qui faisaient profession 
de chastet£ ne rougissaient point d'habiter avec les hommes et 
demandaient la visite des matrones pour prouver qu'il ne se pas- 
sait rien d'ind6cent, npoTHBi* qero B03CTaBaJii> h hto oSxaqajTb 
bo» cbohx'b nponoB*ffaxi> cb. KHnpiaHt *), to, Hoaserb 6tiTb, 
ORaseTCA npaB^onoAo6HHMT> npeAnojroaceHie, qTo HUHfeniHee 
SojirapcKoe napaTCKO np e^c tub jia era co6oft ocTaTOK'b Ranoro- 
HHoyAb noAoSHaro, cymecTBOBaBmaro H^Bor^a bi> BoJirapin 
peJinriodHaro yBJeqemfl, sairbqeHHaro RpecTOHocn,aMH, roto- 
pue h pacopocTpaHHJiH CB'fyfeHifl o6t> 9tomt> bo OpaHi^H, 
r^*, KOHeqHo, noAoGHoe H3B*CTie He Morjo He 6utb noAXBaqeH- 

HblMT> H oSpameHHIJM'b Bt CBOK) II0JIB3y RdTO JIHq eCRHlTb HyXO- 

BeHCTBOMi*, ne pa36HpaBmHMT> cpeACTBi> bt> 6opb6* ct> epera- 
KaMH. Bt> ROHitfb rohuobt>, o6t> btomt* o6wqa* HejiBSfl noRa 
CRasaTB HHqero 6ojrfee onpeAfcaeHHaro, a& h Hame npeanojio- 
seme OTHOCHTeJibHO cjioBa bougre ecTb He Cojrfee, RaRi> npeA- 
nojioaseHie, ROTopoe oqeHB jrerao Moarerb saitfeHHTbCfl coBep- 
meHHO ApyrHMi oS'bflCHemeM'b, TaR^-ace RaRTb, HanpiiMfcp'b, bto 
cjKyqHJEOCB ct ^paHniyscRHMT* are BbipaaeHieit'b grec. Kain> 

H3B*CTH0, CAOBO greC B*b HBlH'fefflHeM'b *paHDty3CR0MT> B3BJR4 

Rpoarfe cBoero npaMoro 3HaqeHifl o6o3HaqaeTB eme noHaiie 
myjiepa, qejiOB^Ra oSaiaHhiBaiomaro bt> RapToqHoft arp*. E<yre- 
CTBeHHte ncero Cbijio 6bi ayaiaTb, qTo noBOAOMt ri> npBAaBiio 
BTOMy cJiOBy TaRoro CMLicjia arorjia cjiyjKHTB penyTan;ifl, npi- 
o6p*TeHHafl bo $paHn,in RaRHMH-HH6yAB jiHn;aMH, npHHaAJiesa- 
hi,hmh rt> rpeqecRoft Hau,ioHa.iibHOCTH. Bt> pjfA ctb HTeJi bh o cth se, 
Rant HaMt JiK)6e3H0 coo6mnjn> r. E. Rolland, bto ecTb He 
6ojiBme RaRt ocTaTORt CTapHHHaro *paHny3CRaro BwpaaceHifl 
BpBMCB'b nceBAOHJiaccHn,H3Ma: 6tre grec dans l'art, dans le metier 
h T.n.,ynoTpe6jiflBraarocfl ajth BupaateHia npeBoexoACTBa bt> qeMi> 

J ) Demewnier, Op. cit, II, CTp. 818. 

*) „Nec aliqua putet se hac excusatione defendi quod inspici et probari 
possit an virgo sit. . . et si incorrapta inyenta fuerit ex parte sui, qua mulier 
potest esse, potuerit tamen ex alia corporis parte pecasse, qua violari potest et 
tamen inspici non potest". (St. GypriamtB. Op. ijht. y Dememier. Op. cit. 
II, ct. 324—325. 



Digitized by 



40 



9TH0rPA«HqECK0£ OB03P*BIR. 



6m to hh 6ujeo; 6tre grec dans le jeu saMfcHEJiocb npocTo 
cjiobomt* grec, ROTopoe t£lrhmi> oSpasoifb He EMfcerb he 
Majrfeftmaro OTHOinemfl rt» jiobrocth hxh sJioynoTpeojieHiflM-b 
rpeKOBi> bt> KapTOHHofi arp*. 

BosBpamaacb rt> Bonpocy o cboCoa* Hp&BOBit y 6oairap- 
CKHXb fl*BymeK!> ao saityaecTBa h, bt> lacTHOcrn, o noJOBoft 
cboSoa*, AonycKaeiiofi noairfe noc*AeHOKi>, bt> cbash Cb bo- 
npocoMi> o SHaqemH 9text> nocjrfeAHHX'b Boo6in,e, mm aojukhh 

6yA6MT> 06paTHTbCfl KT> MH*HiH) 06l> 8T0MT>, BLICK&BaBHOMy 

bt> nepBofl qacra HacroHmeft paSoTM, h HaAfceitCH, hto oaRTbi, 
npeACTaBJifleMue SojirapcKHMH ofibiqaaMH, AaAyi"b Basra bos- 
MOfflHocTb BucnasaTbCfl Sojrfee yTBepAHT&nbHO. OSbiqafl co- 
BMtcTHaro cnaHbfl nocxfe BeqepHEn,b bt* YKpanH-fe, HaRT> mu 
CRasajin, HBJifleTCfl, BfcpoflTHO, nepeatHBUHieM'b Sojite Ap^BBjaro 
e ropasAO MeB*e irfiJiOMyApeHHaro npEMHTHBBaro o6wqafl. Bt> 
BoJirapiB, rA* He coxpaHBJiocb ao TaRofi CTeneRH hcho, RaRi> 
bt> YRpaHH*, oSmecTBeHHafl opraHH3ai;ifl MOJiOAewH, ho ta* 
Bce-TaRE coxpaHHJECb HBHbie cji^aij en, mu naxoAHMi* btotb 
ofiuqaft bt> <&opM* 6ojrfee apxaaqecRofi, AonycHaromefi He TOJbRo 
coBM'beTHoe cuaHbe, bo e dojiobmh OTHomeflifl. 9to o6ctoh- 
TejbCTBO Ha pflAy ct> oaRTaME nojiOBoft cboSoaw ao saMysecTBa 
BOoCm.e Aaerb HaMi> npaBo AyMaTb ct> Sojibinefi yBtpeHHocrbio, 
hto noc^AGHRH h BeqepHHnjw npeACTaBjfliOT'b co6ofi octa-tort* 

OAHOft E3T> npHMHTHBHHX'b *OpMT> 6paHa, TfeMT* 6oji*e 4T0 

SojirapcRie o6uqaH SToro poAa yRasuBaiOTb Basra Ha e3b*ct- 
Hyio peAHriosHyio TopwecTBeHHocTb bthxt> cofipamfi, Bbipa 
waiomyiocfl bt> pacnojioraemH yqacTByiom.HX'b BORpyrb orBH, 
bi> xopOBOMT> irfemE, ROTopoe, RaRi> mu yae He pa8i> roBopHjra, 
MoweTTj cjiy»HTb aobojibho HaAeKHbura npHSHaRoira pejiHiios- 
Haro CMbicjia n,epeMOHiH. Bi> CBoeHi> cnen.iajibHOM'b EacjrfeAOBa- 
Hin o AOCBHTRaxi> h BeqepHEn.ax'b npo<&. CyamoBT> Btipawaerb 
MH*Hie, qTO BeqepHHn,H He aaRjHOqaiorb bt> ce6* HHqero pera- 
rio3HO-ME6EqecRaro, He 6yAyqn CBasaHbi he ct> RaREMB-Hfl6yAi> 
ApeBHEME, ca> A3biqecHoft oRpacKofi, nicHAME, he cb ynoTpefi- 
jemeira ofipHAOBaro RymaBba, e cqETaeTb hxt> DepeaKEBaaieira 
TaKT> HasbiBaeMaro npo6Haro 6pana hjib, npaBEJiBH'be CRasaTb, 
HSB&CTHoft cbo6oam nojioBbix'b oTHoraeHift, npeAmecTByiomefl 
opaRy ci> i^*Jibio y6*AHTi>cfl bi> cuoco6hocte A*BymRH rt> a*to- 





CBAAEBHUE OBPflftbl BT> BOJirAPIH. 



41 



powaeiiiK) *). Mu no3BOJHM'b cetffe BBiCRasaTB npeAnojioaceHie, 
qTO r. CyMii.OB'b He npoBejn> AOCTaToqHO pa3HHn,M Meatfly o6m- 
qaeMT> AonycRaTB aceHHxa npoBOAHTb hohh ct> HeB*CTofi nepeAT* 
CBaAi>6oft h coBM*CTHLiM f b cnaHbeirb mojioaux'b JHOAefa nocirfe 
BeqepHHn,T>. IlepBuft H3i> 9thxt> ofiuqaeBt, A'^ft ctbhtcjcbh o , npeA- 
CTaBjflerb cofiofi ocTaTOK'b 7) npo6HBix f b Hoqeft tt , ho oht> otho- 
CHTQfl ki anox* h hah b HAy a jib Ha ro 6paRa, t. e. kt> 9nox* 3Ha- 
HHTejBHO no3AH*firaeft, TorAa jsaEi> BeqepHHijBi, oRaHqHBaromiflca 

COBM*CTHBIMT> CDaHBeMT>, HHRaRT> BB MOryTB SaKJIIOHaTb B*b 

ce&h 9JieMeHT0BT> 6pana HHAHBHAyajn>Haro h, hm*a xapaRTepi> 
HecpaBHeHHo 6ojrfee ApeBHift, othocatch necoMHtHHO m> bhox* 
o6m,HHHaro Cpana hjih, TOiHfee BwpaacaHCb, KOMCKTHBHaro 6pana 
no rpynnaarb. BescnopHo, bt> yKpanHCEHxi> o6uqaBxi> apxanqe- 

CKH-06pHA0BBlft 9JeMeHTT> HOHTH BOBCe OTCyTCTByeTB, HO, KHKTj 

mm GEasajH y»e, bt> ora*, BOKpyrt Koioparo co6HpaeTca 
6ojirapcKaa mojioackb, bt> xopoBOMT> nfemn h npoq. HejB3* He 

npH3HaTb HSB^CTHOft OSpflAHOCTH; HaROHeifb, COBM*CTHafl *Aa 

cymecTByeTb bt> YRpaHH*, a, mo»cti> 6htb, TaE»e h bt> Boji- 
rapin, h ecJUH OHa He coctohtb hst* KaK hxt> - h h 6y ab pHTyajiB- 
hbix'b KyraaHBeB'b, to hhao saarfeTHTB, hto b*ab h Kpyr\mft 

CBaAeSHMfl XJI'feG'B (KopOBafi), O ROTOpOMTb rOBOpHTT> T. CyMI^OB'b, 

yKasbiBas Ha Hero, RaRi> Ha xapaKTepHwft npn3HaKT> peJinrios- 
Haro SHaqema CBaAB6u, ycnfejra yace coBepnieHHO hohth ncqea- 
HyrB bt> BeJiHRopocciH h IIojiBm* h ocTajiCfl BTb bha* eABa sa- 

M'bTHHX'b TOJIBKO CJllAOfi'b y K)5KHh]X r b H SanaflHhIX'b CJiaBflHl>, 
3aM*HHBmHCB *AOfl CaMOfi 06HKH0BeHH0ft. TaRHMT> o6pa3o&n>, no 

Hameiiy MHfcHiio, OTcyTCTBie bt> BeqepHimax'b h noctReHKax'b 
qeprb HHCTo-apxaHqecKH-pejiHrio3HbixT> Hejrt3fl enje cqmaTB cy- 
n^ecTBeHHHM'b OTJiKqiearb 9thxt> co6paHi* otb cBaAe6i>, Hanp., — 
h sa hhmh HejiB3fl He npH3HaTB H3B*CTHaro h Aaare oqeHb 
KpynHaro HCTopmecKH-RyjiBTypHaro 3Haqenifl, ho tojh>ko, pasy- 
M*eTCH, He bt> CMBicjrfe npo6HbixT> SpaKOBt, KairB 9to Ay^aerb 
r. CyMmoBTj, a bi» cmhcji* opeAmecTBOsaBniaro HHAHBHAyajtB- 
HOMy 6p$Ky— fipana KOMMyHajiBHaro. 

i) H. 9. GyMWM*: ^ocBtiKH h aocaA%»B. Kie»i 1886 (otthck* m Kies- 

CKOfi ClftpiHH 1886. KB. Ill) CTp. 10 — 11. Mtftflie 3TO IIOBTOpH6TCfl saT^Mi 

bi, nosAHiHfflefi KHHri toi-o xe aBTopa: n RyjbTypBHA nepesBBaHu u . KieBi 1890. 
dp. 188—189. 



Digitized by 



42 



dTHOrPAOHSBCKOB OB03PHBIB. 



Bt> nepBofl qacTH HacTOflm,eft pa6oTbt, roaopa o6t> yRpaaa- 
CRHX'b ftOQBHTKaxi>, Mbi ynoMaaajra yree o6*b opraaa3ai*iB aesce- 
HaToft MOJioffeatH y hphmhthbhuxtj aapoAOBii, o6t> ota^Jbehxi. 
aKHJiHii^ax'b AJ» AocTHrmaxT* Gpaqaaro BOspacTa mojioawxi> jk>- 
Aeft h AfefiymeKik, o bxt> co6paaiax*b a-npoq., ito Taai* aano- 
MHHaerb b ofi-bacaaerb Hama yapaaBCEia napy66i*bRy a 
A hb6 i^i> e y r p o m a ^ hi. Ho Tain* mu ae caasajB noqTH 
aaqero q6t> peryxapasania y 3thxt> npaMBTBBHbix'b aapogoBii 
CpaHHMX'b oTHomeBift, otaoshbibh bto ao asjioweaia hrmb 
CojirapcKHX'b ofiuHaeB'b, wa.iowjiLX'b bm£ct* ct> yRpaaacRBMH 
noqTH nojBtift MaTepiajra a*h bo3mo»bocth conocTaBjieBifl h 
cpaBHHTej&Haro ascAfeAoaaaia. Y aBCTpajriftcRax'b njieMea'b, 
r8et> h y 6oumHBCTBa AHKapeft Boofime, yAepsajca eme 
ooith bt> nojHofl hhctot* icaTpiapxarb h npoHCTeRaion^afl aa* 
Hero MaTepHBCRaa oajriania. TaRT>, y CTOJb asBfecTaaro, nocxb 
TpyAOBi> Fison'a h Howitt'a, njeMeaa Kamilaroi, RasRA&ff uvb 
AByxi> ero qacTeft pasAkaaeTca Ha ABa RJiaaa, noApa3A*Mio- 
nyeca qacro B'b cbok) oqepeab aa BTopocTeneBaua rpynnw, otjlh- 
qaionuaca cbohmh tot6M8mh. Coo6pa3HO csoeKy npoacxoatAeaiio 
no MaTepa r oabh mi> 8thxt> bjibbob'b hjih hxt> noApa3A**eaitt 

pOACTBeBBH KeSAy COGOH)^ H HJI6HBI HXT>, CHHTBHCB BSaHMHO 

6paTi>aMH a cecTpaMH^ He hm*k>ti> npaBa BCTynaxb Apyrb ct> 
Apyrowb bt» nojroBwa cHomeaia; ueau se Apyraxi> uaaoBfe 
iuh rpyrrai*, aaofioporb, cqaTaioTca, TaRi> CRagaTb, ecTecTBeH- 
HbiMH cynpyraMa: bc* Mysqaau oaboto Rxaaa cqaTaiOTca MyatL- 
bmh Bcbxi> »ean^HBT> Apyroro a oSpaTao. To-ae canoe mbi 
aaxoAHMi y nJieMeaa D i e r i a np. Ho 6oji*e bjh ueafee y bc&x?> 
bthxt> oieMeanb npoasonuio yace aaqajio aa AHBHAy axasania 
6paaa, xoTa 6paKb no rpynnam> Bce-Taaa npoAOjusaerb cy- 
mecTBOBaTB bt> yKasaHawx'b npeA*Jiaxi> poACTBa, noAqnaaacb 
bt> 6ojn>nieft hjh MeaBmeft CTeneaa b3b*ctbmmi>, peryjiapyio- 
n^HMi> noxoBBifl OTaomeaia oSbiqaaMi*. OShiRBOBeaao mojioawb 
juoah bi> Bospacri 14—15 jrbTT>, a A^Bymsa orojo JQ-th jrfcrb 
nojiynaiorb yace npaBO hojioboio coacaTejibCTBa nearAy co6obo. 
9to BCTynxeaie B'b npaBa Bspooiaro qejioBtoa npoacxoAHn» 
6ojrbe hjih Mea*e TopacecTBeaHo: B'b H3B*CTHhie ahb, jvlz BToro 
aaaaaqeaaHe, ycTpaaBaiOTca nojroBwa opria, npaqeMi moxo- 

AMMb JIK)AflM r b OSOUXT* flOJOB^ A^TCa A^K6 CHraaJTb, B03B*- 



Digitized by 



GBAABBHBIB OBPfl*M Wb BOJfAPIH. 



43 



maiomtfl cBo6o«y OTHomemfl; cjryqaeTCH ops btoitb, too a*- 
BymxH ocnapHBaiorb apyn> y ffpyra KaKoro- Hn6y ab napH* h 
oqeHb qacTO BCTynaion> no oroMy noBOAy Me*Ay coCojd bt> 
Apaxy. y ueiieBH ftiBpn bto enje 6oj*e peryjmpoBaHo: 6yAy- 
mie cynpyra— piraflrA — BbrfapaiOTca coB'feTOM'B CTapfeftmiifl'b 
njieiieHH, h sarbMi» hm6h& hx* TopaecraeHBO npoBosrjiainaiOTca 
bt> aapOAHOMi co6paHiH Beqepoirb bo BpeMJi uepeMOHia o6pfc- 
aama. 3aT*m>, bt> Haaaa^eHBoe am CBaAe6aaro npaaAHua 
BpeMff, ycxpaHBaeTca ^opria, h mojioahm'b jmnnwb npeAOCTa- 
BjflftTCfl cBo6oAa BcrynHTB Me»Ay cofioio bt> cbsbb. TaxHiTB 
o6pa80MT>, KasAufi Myanma, noABeprmifioa onepacuH ofip&aama — 
ijepeMOHiH, cb KOTopofi co6cTseBHo BaqHHaeTCfl 6pa^flufi ce- 
3oht» h Bocflm.eft oiemb xapa BTepHoe Ha&Baaie Mindrai, r. e. 
m Hp ft ( r raKT> k&kt>, B*poaTH0, bt> BHAy BToro TopsecTBa npe- 
KpamaioTCfl BCXRifl BpaaAeSHBia oTBomeBia Meaay coc^ahhmh 
ujeiieHaMH) — Moaerb hm*ti» piraftrtL Bo BpeMfl xaaAoft h3t> 
cj*AyK>in,HXT> 3aT*MT> boao6bhxi> ae ijepeMomit oht> MoaerB 
npio6p*cTB enje OAHy oynpyry ht, a.h hm*tb hxt> h4ckojbbo. 
A'bBymKH bt> cbok) oqepeAB Moryi-b BuftTB b*ckojib«hxt> My- 
aeft. Ecu ABoe iiyaqHHi> hh^iotb OAay h Ty-ae cynpyry, to 
b*b cjryqafc, ecu He oxameTca wb AaBHom> M'bci* Apyrott aeH- 
mHHM Toro-ae RjiaHa, osa AOCTaeTca no npaBy CTapmeny 
Boapacrowb *) Bi> HSCjfcftoBaHiH o6*b yKp&HHCXoft CBaAfc6i* mm 
BHAfrRH yae hotoh cosepmeHHO aHaiorHiecxie 9thmt> apaau 
y a4>pHBaHCKiix f B ByiycoB-b h t. n. Be* bth npHMipu noxa- 

BBlBaiOTb BaMT>, TOO y UpHMHTHBHBUPb HapOAOBT> Ha H3B*CTH0ft 

cTeueflH paaBHTia xyxbTypij h npu HaBfecTBOMi* CTpeMjemH 
peryiHpoBaTB hojobbih OTBomeHifl, cofipaaia MOtfOAean, octb- 

TOK*b KOTOpblXT> MM BHAHMT> BT> HMHtUDHHX'b Be«iepHBI^aXl H 

nocHA*Jwaxi>, HMtioi-b xapaxTepi* ofiiqHBHO-Cpaiflaro ycTaao- 
BxeHia. TaKoe ae saaieHie aojuhhm 6mjih hm&tb, crfbAOBaTeJiBHO, 
CJfaBBHCBia bocha^hkh h BenepHHi^u; oh* MirbJiH ero em;e Ht- 
croibro cTOJi*Tifi TOMy BasaA'B h name ewfi BT> DpOHlXOlCB CTO- 
ji*TiH, Kor^a npoTHB* hhxi> BoopywajHCb np 6 act&bhtqjeh xpn- 
<5TiaHcaofi ixepKBH, xaK* npoTHBi> ^Bory h hcjiob*kom^ aeaa- 



0 Georges Raynaud: La femme, h mariage et la famille en Australie (Bulletin 
de la 0oc. d'Ethnographie, Aout, 1890, Ji 42, p. 145, 147). 




44 



9TH0rPA*H1£CK0B OBOSPftHIB. 



BHCTHaro 6*cHOBamH a r „Mep3Raro 6e33axoHia a , o nearb mm 
ynoMHHtuH ywe Bume. XapaKTepeua Hepra 6oxrapcKHXT> no- 

CHA*HOKT», 3aMK)HaH)iniHCa BT> TOMT>, HTO BT> HHXTj MOryTT* yna- 

CTBOBaTL tojbro Mojioffbie JUOAH h AfesyniRH, AOCTBrmie 6pan- 
Haro BospacTa h He BCTynHBmie eiu,e bt> Span*, hto H3i» hhxt> 
HCKJuo^aiOTCfl bobcc bc* cocToanjie bt> 6paR$, HTO A*ayniKH 
Ka»Aoft Ha era cejua mh ropo^a coCnpaioTca Ha OTAfeiBHyK) 
nocHA*HKy, hto napHH, co6paBmHCB ota*jbho, xoahtb ch 
OAHott nocHffbHKH Ha «pyryio, hto co6pama bth npoHCxoARTb 

CT> H3B*CTHOft T0p3R6CTB6H fl OCTBK) JrfeTOMT> BH* flepeBHH BO- 

npyn» orHfi h conpoBOKflaiOTca irfeHieMT>, hto ORaHHHBaiOTCfl 

OH*, no KpafiHeft M*p* BT» HfeROTOpblX'B MTbCTHOCMXt, COBMfcCT- 

humi> cnaHbem> h hto, HRKOHen^ npn ygajeHiH ct» hhxi> o6pa- 
m;aeTca oco6oe BHHMame Ha to, hto6bi hhrto ne ocTaBtuca 
6e3i> napw, npHHeirB HeAocTaiomia a** ofipaBOBama napi> 

JfHD,a 8aM*HflK)TCfl nOACTaBHUMH, H3*b Hero BHAHa pHTyaAHOCTB 

dToro ofiHHaa, — bc* bth nepTBi, nepTbi, HecoMH*HHo, ohbhb ap- 
xaBHecRifl flaiorb Hain>, RaseTca, npaBo npeAnojiosHTB, hto 
bth co6paHifl MOJEOAesH npeACTaBMiorb co6ott He hto raoe, 
Ran nepesHBaHia h name ocTaTOKi> onHcaHHUX'B jslsmvl npn- 

MHTHBHUX'B 06UHaeB7>, Cyn^eCTBOBBBIHHX'B BT» CBOe BpeMfl h y 

cjiaB*HT>, ROTopue no cxobbitb jrbTOiiHCH „6pan,a He HM*axy, ho 
nrpHH^a Mesio cexu* — h hmshho m ewio cejuu, Tasi* Ran» 
ceia Torja npejCTaBjuura co6oft He6ojn>mia eme nocejeuH 
ota^jebhuxi* poAOBi), ecjH He npocTO 6ojn>niHx r b MaTpiapxan- 
HO-ceiieliHHx'b oChihh'b. 8to He 6bijih cofipama mojloacjrh am 
oAHoro tojibko BpeManpoBoac^eaia h Bti6opa Apyr** ffpyra aih 
BcrynJieHia bt> 6paRT>— bto 6uxe upHMO 6paHHua TopaecTBa, 
ROueRTHBHbia cBaAbfiw, — arpnma bth 6mjih HMeHHo 6paHHuin» 
ycraHOBJieHieM'b, ROTopoe 3aM*HHJ0CB dotoitb 6paRom> hhah- 
BHAyajfbHBiBfb h B03HHKraeft H3i> Hero naTpiapxaiBHoft cexbefi. 

OnHCbiBaa BCTynjueHie aBCTpajiificRHxi* h a®pHRa hcrhxt> 
AHKapeft B r b 6paHHBia OTHomeeia, mu cTapamcB otm*thtb to 
o6cToaTejBCTBO, hto BCTynjteHie Aospbsmefl MOJioffeacH bt> en 
HOBhifl npaBa h «yHRi^H conpoBoarAaeTca y hhxt> hsb^cthoU 

TOpateCTBeHHOCTBK) H COBepmaeTCH Bl> H3B*CTHOe BpeHa. Qo 

aHajorin cji*AOBaJio-6Bi npeAnojiaraTB, hto nepTBi noAo6HO&-sce 
onpeA*JeHHOCTH aojurhbi 6bi 6mjih coxpaHHTbca h bt> o6BiHa-fe 




CBAJBBHHE OBPXflbl B*b BOXTAFIH. 



46 



nocfcjteiHOK'B h Beqepmnvb. T*M*b ne MeHfce mm BToro hc sbm*- 
qaeMT> bt> cKoabKO- HH6yn,b acHOfi *opMt hh B'b Bojrapin, hh 

B^bYKpaHH*, HH BT> npOqHXT> CiaBflHCEHXl> CTpaflaXb. 06WKH0- 

B6HH0 bth cotfpaaiu uojogesH npoflOJiaraiOTCfl Cojrfee mm MeH&e 
Kpyrjiuft roA*b: HaqHHaxcb cb oceHH, t. e. co BpeMenH okoh- 
hAhih nojEesux'b pa6orc>, npepwBaacb hb HfcKOTopoe Bpeufl, 
bt> TeneHie doctobt*, ohh uoaofiHOBJUMOTCfl noTOMt bbchok) m> 
bha* c6opHncb Ha yjraivfe hjih aa cejoirb h npoAomaiOTCH 
oojte hjh MeHfce see jt&to *). Tojbko bt> ohqhb HeMHoraxi* 
M*cTHocTflXT> sairbqaiOTCfl H*KOTopue npH8naKH onpeA*JieH- 
hocth. Taicb, Han p., Barb mm cxasaxH y«e, bt> BpSm;* seqep- 
HHn,u npoxojKvaiOTCfl on BejiHKOAHHAO CnacoBAeHb, fi b YKpan 
h* BeqepHimbi RaquHaiOTCfl co aha cb. CsMeoHa JlfcTonpo- 
BOflwa, b*b Opefi6yprcRoft ry6.— on YcneHia, b* OjioaeijKofi— 
ott> PosRgecTBa h t. n. *). Hh aaqaao 3hmhhxt> coGpaaitt, bh 

jfeTHHX'b, HH KOHei^b HX*b H6 O3HaM6HOBblBai0TCfl HHKajRHtfH 
0C06eHHbIMH TOpSBCTBaMH H B006Qie, KBJKT> Mhl I'OfiOpHM'b, H6 

npiypoqeHu hh kt> xanoMy npasgHHKy, a o6yc*OB4HBajOTCfl 
»aBHUM f b oSpasoM'b npnqHHaMU qacTO BKOHOMHqecKHMH h 

OhlTOBWMH. QpOHCXOAHTb 9TO, HO BCefi BfcpOflTHOCTH, OOT> TOrO, 

qTo, noTBpflBHiH BCflRoe SHaqeBie GpaqHaro ycTBHOBJieBi*, bth 
codpaHifl MOiOAesH npeBpamincb bt> c6opHffi,a, jameaHbifl bcj- 
xaro pHTyajbHaro xapaxrepa h hhcto yBecejHTenflJUfl, coxpa- 
HHBfflH bt> ce6fe TOJibKO cjtbaij CTapHBHaro CBoero duaqeHia, 
no KOTopuirb Mbi eABa mohc^mtj BoacTaHOBHTb hxt> npesHiit 

CHHCTb. 

CoBepmeHHO hhob bhahmt> mu, nepexoA* co6ctb6hho kt> 
CBaffb6aMT> h ofipaman Hame BHHMasie hb o6biqHoe BpeMa hx-b 
coBBpmeHifl. Yse bt» yspaHHCHofi CBaAb6fe mbi bbmAthjih h*ko- 
TopbiH qepTH, yRa8biBaK>mia Ha to, qTO 6paqHua TopsecTBa bt> 
ApeBHOCTH coBepmajHCb, no sceii b*pohtbocth, bt> hsb^gtbha 
Bp6M6H& roAa, na too yse paHbme 6hjo oGpameeo BHHMame 
K a BejH hij mt> h r. Cy mijob uicb, h, ocHOBUBaacb Ha 
hhcto cojiapfiOM'b xapaKTepfe cBofiOAHbix'b peJuuioBHbix'b u,epe- 

MOHifi H CXOgCTBfc HX*b Cb 06pflA0B0& CTOpOHOfi BeC6HHHXT> H 



t) H. Cymuoe%: Aocb%tii ■ Be^epHiHH, crp. 2, 3 ■ cjfcx. 
*) ibid Op. et loc eit. 



Digitized by 




461 



8THOrPA<DHHB0BOB OB03P*HIB, 



KyiraiBCKHXi nrpnb, mm BHCRasaiH B03M0SH0CTb npeffnoJioseHifl 9 
tto TasHicn speueHaMH ro^a moiuh 6mtb hm6hho cojaeiBue 
npas^HHRH. TaRix nepTu, yKa3MBaK)in 1 ifl Ha cymecTBnBaHie 
npesAe onpeA'kaeHHHX'b 6paiHbixi> QesoHOBi>, co6ctb6hho bt» 
yspaHHCRHrb cBaAeoHux'b o6Hianx , b, o6pflAaxi> h ir&CHax'b 
OH6HL HeMHoro^HCJeaHbi h saKJioiaiOTCfl rja3Hbiin> ofipaaoirb 
wb coxpaHHBmeifca bt» HtaOTopux'b cBaAe6HwxT> nfeCHHX'b yno- 
MHHaBiH o flpMapKaxi> HeBfecrb h b» *aKrfc cyniecTBOsaHia 
noAoSHux'b flpMapoKT> bt> oieHb eme HeAaraee BpeMfl bt> Kap- 
naTCRoft PycH; bc* se oTHOcHnueca cH>«a buboah hjh, Jiyiioe 
CRasaTB, AoraARH h npeAnoioseHifl 6ujlhl cA^Jtaau RaR-b hemh, 
TaKT> h Sojrfee paHHHWH HacjrbAOBaTejtaMH^ npeHMymecTBeHHo Ha 
ocHOBamH p*3KO 6pacaiomarocfl bt> rjiasa 6paiHaro cmmcjr 

BCfeXT* HOHTH B6C6HHHX l b H J&THHX'b HrpTb H npa3J,HHKOBT^ CO- 

BDaflaiomHX'b cb npasAHHRaiiH cojraeifiaro nyjubTa. Mesgy rfeM* 
oHeHb 6oJibmaH TeopeTH^ecKaji saiRHOCTb axHxi> npeAnojOKemii 
o cyn^ecTBOBaHiH y ap^bahxi caaBam, onpeAfeAOHHaro BpeMBHH 
AM aaiunoqeHia 6paBOB% HyaAaeTcn bt> Sojrfee oaRTHiecROM'b 
noATBepwAeflin, KOTopoe Mbi h HaxoAHirb bt> 9THorpa*ra 60 j rap*. 

OtibtRHoseHHo bt> pacToamee BpeMfl cBaAfcGu bt> Bojirapia, 
HaRi> h Bib npoHHX'b CTpaHaxi>, 6ojrbe un MeH*e yse z*hbh- 
jH30BaHHbixT>, npoHcxoffHTb bt> Teieme Bcero roAa, aa hchjuo- 
qemeirb, padyBrbeTCfl, hoctobt*, RorAa BfeHqame h6bobmo ah o no 
npHHHHaifb qncTO peuriosHbiMi. BucoROCB&ie roAw, Bnpo- 
qeirb, no cJOBaMT, r. IIIanRapeBa, He cqHTaioTca oiacuHBUMii 
Au saRJHoqema 6paROBi>: *a bt> BbicoROcaa roAHHa ae ce ate- 

HHTb 3a mO TO BtpBaTb, He ROB TO C6 SeBRTb fit TaBBa 10- 

AHHa, HeTpamiH, t. e. yMHpajrb eABHHft hah Apyrfltt ueHi 
ott» TOBa ci>npysecTBa a 1 ). SaTfeMi* bt> pacnpeAfeJeaui cBaAe6i> 
no BpeMeHaMi> roAa bt> Bojrapiu, Rain, h noHTH bo actob 
npoHHXT> CTpauaxi>, Hrpaio-rb pojnb Sojrfee Bcero npHHHflju bro- 

HOMHHeCRifl, BCtffeflCTBie ROTOpbIXl> HaHSoJIbfflee ROJIHTOCTBO CBa- 

Ae6*b npHxoAHTca Ha ocenb. Bt> HfeKOTopmra MfccTax'b Bojirapin 
oh* HanHHaiOTCfl orb rojrbMa BoropoAHaa (15 asrycTa) *) 



i) mannapen: C6opmt% on Boirapcxi BapoxHH ynoTBop8HM i, m. ir. 
VU, Cfp. 87. 

J ) KapaeeM>e%: IlaifjiTHBKi eapox. 6hte Boirap% 1 ctp. 251 




CBAREBHttK OBPflRlk BT> BOJrAPtH. 



47' 



mh, HanaBinHCb ct> KOHnia iiojiE, tibiBatorb Bib' asiycWb h cen- 
TflCpfc; o^eHB qacTo Tajsae cnpaBJifliorb esaAbSbi orb Boro- 
flBJueHia h ao Hanajna BeuRaro nocTa *). Ho Bb oahoB hst* 

M^CTHOCTeft, AOBdJIBHO BUpOqeifb 06lHHpH0ft, a HVeHBO BT> AG" 

fopcROirb OEpysiH bt> MaKeAOHin, mh BCTpfcqaeMCH ci> o6n- 
qaeMT> oqeab opHrnHajbHbiirb n dobhahmomy coBepmeHHO hcrjio- 
qHTejibHHMTb — coBepmaTb CBa&b6bi tojtlko bt> oaho onpeA&ieB- 
Boe BpeMH roAa, ecjin Aase He bt> onpeA*JieHBbift A^Hb. IIo 
cJOBaarb r. flcTpe6CBa, ^bt* cejraxi> Ae6i>pcBaro onpyra cBa- 
tobctbo coBepinaeTctf bt> aeHb IleTpa * IlaBJia (29 iiOHii), toiho 
TaB»e Kain> h CBaAbGbt Cusaiorb bi> btoti ace jn&nh. Cocsa- 
TaBtnift A*ByuiKy 29 i»Hfl AOJraceHT> wAaTb ivfejrbift roAT>, qTofibi 
aceHHTbca bt> BTort se jifiBh^ *). HftcROJUbRo 6oji*e noApoSHoe 
pa3i>HCHeHie B-roro oGuqan HaxoAHBTb mm bi> „CBaAf>ap- 
cbhxi oSbiqaax'b h ntcfiax'B ott» fteS^pcRO-TO 
aanHcaHHbixT> r. I^tneHKOBHBTb. CBXpmyaqRHTe bt> /Je6*pcRHTe 
cejua Pexa h CBaA^HTe ce npaarb bo 6nen ueceu, Ha CaeAeHo 
(cBerb nest) inTO ch ro HMaaT* UjHrgeH, HeTpoBAen hah 
Boroponija, qyHBH PeRaraiTe ceT nocRe no TyraHa, no pa- 
6oTa, no MaicTopjiyn, Aa Torai ch HAaT no AOMa. Tne iqto ce 
aa cBgpuiyaHbe, Re ce cB*pmaT, h roe mro eeT aa attaeabe, 
Re ce jrAu&t'i a» ROJRy <Wa6h idto Re ce npaaT bo 6aho 
cejuo, CHTe bo eAen a^h Re h npaaT. Koi bo Roi pen ro ce 
CBiRpinHT, nxpBHO ao nocjieacBHO, nono co peA Re ch h aann- 
ihht h ao roAHHaTa Rora Re h BeHqaa cenoro nas cnopeA 
CB&pmyaHRa-Ta: Roi noHanpeA ce CBapurajni, h Toi nonanpeA 
Re ce seHqaT* 8 ). HaROHen,^, aaHSojrfce noApoGHoe onncame 
dToro bi> Bwcineli CTeneBH HBTepecHaro o6biqari mm mtben 

BT> H3B*CTHOfi CTaTb* BepKOBHqa. „OaHHT> H3*b rJiaBH^ftfflHX'b 

o6uqaeBT>, no ROTopoiiy ohh (Mbijrh) p*3Ro oTjraqaiOTCff orb 
npoqiixTj MaHeAOHCKHXT> 6ojirap'b, saRJioqaeTCfl Bt tomt>, qxo 
y hhxt> o6pyqesie h nteHHTb6a CbiBaiorb bt> H3B*CTfloe Bpetta 
h AeHb roAa a** bc*xi» 6e3i> HCRJiioqeBifl; Bb APyi*oe Bpetffl, 
a T&K3K6 h bt> ACHb roAa, 6e icoserb 6iirb HHRaRoro o6pyqe- 



BepKoewn. Op. cit. erp. 12. 
s ) Xctnpe6oe%: Odmwn h d*chh Typ^wixi Cep6on, crp. 408. 
3 ) C6opH ai't> sa aapox. yvoraop., uaysa h ebhxh. t. Ill CTp. 66 




48 



9TH0rPA®H1KCK0B 0B03PSHJB. 



Hi£, BH S6BHTB6u: TOrO H3*B MhJTKOBI*, EOTOpuft OCMfcXHJCff 

6m oOpy^HTbCfl bjkh me aceBHTBCfl bt> RaRoe-jra6o ssoe BpeMfl 
roja, ofimHHa CTporo HaKaahiBaerb h cqHTaen> ero Benecr- 

HUMT> HeJIOBiKOMt. TaKHlfb CpoqHHMT> Bp6MeH6Ml> BaSB&HeHbl 

h o6H4aeMT> ocBameBii bc* abh ct> 20 iiojifl M£can;a (nenb 
npopoKa Hjiin) no 15 aBrycTa (neuh YcoeBifl EoropoAHn,H). 
Bt> Teieaie dToro MfcCHija BCHKifi, kto noHejiaeTb, noxmewb 

06py^HTBCH, HJIH S6HHTBCfl; BT> npOTHBHOBTb CJiyia* OWb ftOJI- 

mewb AOSHAaTBca Toro me BpeMesn cjrbAyiomaro roAa. „Ot- 
KpuTie BToro CBaAeSaaro nepioAa npoHcxoaurb cji*AyH>mHin> 
o6pa30MT>. 6% Aefib npopona Hjrin, nocjit oROBHaaifl jnrryp- 
ris, caMufi CTaptftmift h3t> nocejiflBi* buxoahtb b-b cpeAHHy 
ceja, OKpyacbBBbifl HapoAOirb h HMfea no npaBoft cxopoafe cbh- 
meBBHKa, a no j*Boft cejfcCRaro CTapmHfly (hbjihhk'l xoAwa- 
Samn), 3a kotopwmh ct> od^Hxi* CTopoab wbnyiDTb Apyrie <yra- 
Phrh; CTaBt nocpeAHB* ceaa, btotb cfeAorjiaBuft noqTeBButt 
CTapeui* npHrjamaeTb kt> ce6* mojioaa6bt> ) oa*tmxt> b% npasA- 
HHHBoe naaTbe, h oS'BHBjfle'rb hmt*, qTO „no BoatBefi bo** 
cbbabCbi BaHHHaiOTCfl a . MojuoAeHCB KjaBaeTCH eMy, CTaaoBHTCfl 
Ha KojrtBa nepeA'B CBameBBHROin> noAt ero GjiarocjOBeaie h 
uttuLjeTb eiiy pyKy, uoTOirb bc*, BCTaBmn, CTpfejiHioT'B BtcKOJibRo 
pa3T> H3i> pyrceft bt> sbbki*, hto CBaAbSa yace HaiaHaiOTCfl. 
CnycTH BfccKOJiBKo MHsyrb, BanHBaiorb pa3BfeBaTBCH saaiiefla 
(npenype) aaAt KpuraaMH t*xte> aomobt^ bt> EOTopbixT> aojihchbi 
6mtb CBa^b6a mh ofipyieflie: 3tiaMfl 6uBaeTT> Kpacaoe, inHToe 
sojotom'b u ct> noaoJiO'ieHHtiMb flSioKOM'b aa BepmHfl^ ero, ecjin 

XOSflHB'b BBOAHTb BT> CBOfi AOMt CBOXy, eCJDLB Hte 0BT> TOJIbKO 

o6pyHaerb CBoero cuaa, to nosojioqeBaaro a6ji0Ea ae GuBaerB 
aa SHaMeHH a 1 ). 

?HTaTeJib H3BHBHTb flaifb BTy AOBOJIBBO A*HHByK> BBlBHCKy, 

ROTopaa oRasufiaeTCfl Beo6xoAHMofi, trrt> rbrt* oaa cocTaBjaerb 

eAHBCTBeBHLlft A0RyM6HTl> 0TB0CHT6JIBB0 BTOrO BTBOrpa^HReC- 

Raro flBJieaifl, TaR'b Majio enje H3Cjr&AOBaHHaro, bo HirBion^aro 
B*b BHcmefi CTeneaH Basaoe TeopeTHHecRoe 3Baqeaie. flfln o6t>- 
RCBeHia BToro RBJieflia h cbhsh ero ct npoHHMH aBJieaiflMH dBO- 



J ) BepKoeum Op. cit. CTp. 5. 0 cea^Hom sBaieuiH n6jORa 6y^eTi ca»- 
saao juurfee. 




CBAAHBHMB OBPfl^H BT» BOJirAPIH. 



49 



jhoiuh 6paKa h ceMbH, Bonpocb o hsmt* Aooteirb 6&m> nocTas- 
jieui> Ha T04Ky spfcHia, rjaBHUMt o6pa30Mi»,aHTponoJiorH<iecRyio. 
KaKt Shjto TOJTbKo hto CKaaaHO, Ha6j»AaeMoe bt> Hac-roamee 

BpeMfl IIOHTH y BCfeXT> CROJIbRO-HHfiyAb KyjIBTypHHX'b HapOAOB*b 

pacnpeA*JeHie 6paKOBi> no BpeMeHaMi> ro^a saBHCHTb HecoMHfcH- 
ho orb oneHB 6ojn>moro ROjmqecTBa npHHHBT>, MesAy ROTopuMH 
rjiaBHyio pojb Hrpaiorb npuHHHii pe«rio3HMH h brohomh- 
qecKifl bt> o6idhphomi» cmmcjh* BToro cjioBa. Ho bo BpeMeHa 
Sojrfee OT«ajieHHUfl Ha bto moimh BjiflTt npHiHHbE 6oji*e ecTe- 
CTB6HHUfl h npejK/je Bcero, pasyarbeTCH, rfe, ROTopwa Bjafliorb Ha 
nepiojpj coBOKynjeHifl y mchbothmxi*. Ct> btoS to^kh 3p*Hia 
Bonpoct o CBafle6HuxT> nepioAaxi> hjih ceaoHaxi 6bun> bt> 
nepBufl pa3i> nocTaBJieH'b h bt> SHaiHTejbHofi CTenesH paspfe- 
mewb *hhjhhackhmt> yqeHUH'b r. BecTepMapROirb bt> ero 3a- 
M*HaTeJbHOMi> coHHHeHiH The history of human marria- 
g e. IIocBfln^afl 9TOMy sonpocy ufbxjv} rjaBy CBoero o6nrapHaro 
Tpy^a (chapt. 11. A human pairing season in primitive times), 
aBTopnb npe?KAe Bcero pascMaTpHBaera HM*K>miflCfl bt> AayRfe 

flaHHHH OTHOCHTeibHO TeiRH y XHBOTHblXT> H, B*b laCTHOCTH, y 

aHTponoHAHuxTb oSesbflH'b h, npuHHMaa bo BHHMame cynjecTBO- 
saHie H3B*craaro saKOHa, ofimaro am Bcero atHBoraaro n,apcTBa, 
h T&cHoe 6iojorHHecKoe cxoactbo Me»A7 nejioBfcKOM'b h aHTpo- 
noHAHWMH o6e3bflHaMH, npaxoAHTb kt> saRjuoiefliio, wo nepioA*b 
cnapHBamfl y ApeBHMmnx'b JiOAefl hjth hxt> qejroB*KonoAo6Hbixi> 
npeAROBb AOJimeHi* 6bijn> 6biTb npiypoqeHHMMTb rt> HdBfcCTHOMy 

BpeMeHH rOAa 1 ). /JMCTBHTeJTbHO, MW HaXOAHMt OCTaTRH 8T0TO 

h ao HacToamaro BpeMeHH y HanSojrbe ahkhxt> njieMeHi>. Y 
KajrH*opmficKHX'b HHAifin;eBT>, y TyseMn;eB'b aanaAHofi ABCTpajrin, 
y H*KOTopbix r b ApaBHAificRHxi* HJieMeH'b Hhtuh, y MHorHxt aopn- 
RRHCRHX'b njieMeHb, no Bupaaemio Oldfield'a o6*b aBCTpajriitijax'b: 

„#HRapb, nOAOSflO IlOJieBhlM'b SB'fcpHM'b, HM*eTT> TOJTbRO OAHO 

Bpeaifl coBOKynjieHis bt> roAy Y Mnorax^ hsi» bthxt* Hapo- 
^OB , b,RaR'b Hanp. y syjiycoBi*, RaRb mu pascRaaiJBajui bt> nep- 



t) Westermarck: The history of human marriage. L. 1891, ctp. 27. 
*) „Like the beasts of the field the savage has but one time for copulation 
in the year" (ib. p. 28.) 



aTHorpAwrecsoB OBOsnnx. XXVH. 



4 



Digitized by 




50 



9TH0rPAftHHBCK0B OBOSPftHIE. 



bomt> OTffftjrb HacToameft pa6oTM J ), BpeMH bto npasAByeTca 
ci> oco6ofi TopsecTBeHHOCTBK) u upeflCTaBjifl evh co6oft yate 
AOboju>ho MHoro o6maro ct> HamnHH „HrpHm,aMH Memo cejibi tt . 
y MHAiflcKaro njieMeHH rocoBT>, no cJOBaM^ liojkobhhkr ftaab 
TOHa, ShiBaerb bt> AHBap-fc, „KorAa kbthhuh BanojrHeHW xji*- 
6omt>, h HapoAi> a , no ero co6ctb6hhomy BbipaweHifo, „npeMcno.a- 
HHeTca qepTOBn;HHoit tt , Cojibinoft npasAHHK'b, oneBh nanoMHBa- 
lomift caTypHajiiH, bo BpeMH KOToparo npoacxoAHrb noJiaoe 
nojiOBoe CMtmeBie, He B3Hpafl name Ha poACTBeHHiin OTHome- 



Bl> HpaBaXT* Ap6BHHX r b MOHapxift AMepHKH H AsiH Mbl Ha- 
xoahmt* H^CKOJibKO yKa3aHift Ha cymecTBOBame ooao6huxi> 
are o6uHaeBi> h, bo bchkomT) cayqa*, Ha to, hto 6paBrb hm^a^ 
CBoe onpeA'bJeHHoe BpeMfl bt> roAy. Bt> Ilepy, Hanp., 6paKi> 
6bijrc> coBepmeHHO rocyAapcTBeHHuifb ycTaHOBJieHieifb h Tanace 
Hirbjrb CBoe onpeA*JieHHoe BpeMH. KastAbitt roA'b bo BceMi> 
rocygapcTfife bc* mojioamc jiioah h AfcayniKH, AOCTHruiie 6paq- 
Haro BoapacTa, aojiwhh 6wjiii . hbjehtbch Ha njomagb CBoero 
ropoAancejia bt> ycTaBOBjeuHiad a«m stoto abhb. Bb Kycno caMt 
MnKa coneTajTb 6paKOMi> qjieHOBi> CBoero ceMeiicTBa Ha ny6- 
jinqHofi njoniaAH. Bt> Apyrnxi> ropoAax^ HanaJtbHHKH onpyroB'b, 
H'bHTO bt> poA* HMH'bmHHX'b ry6epHaTopoBT> hjih npeoeETOB'b^ 
A*JiajiH TO-«e caMoe oth 0 CHTe «n» h o jihht> Bucinaro h hhbidhxtj 
KjraccoB-b. BcHKift 6paKi> bh* CBoefi aAMHHucTpaTHBHoft rpynnu 
6biJTb cTporo 3anpemeHi>. OSnjHHa Kaataaro ropoAa hjih cejia 

AOJHKHa 6bUa BblCTpOHTb AOMT> AJfl HOB()6paiHblXl>, a poACTBen- 

hhkh h npoiie rpasAaHe CHa6»ajiH ero bc*mt> Heo6xoAHMUM r b 
AJH xoanficTBa 3 ). MeBAoaa, nyTeiuecTBOBaBinift bt> CpeAHeft 
AsiH h KuTaB, pa3CKa3UBaeT r b, hto bt> □pobhhi^hxi> Khtbh, 
rpaHHqamax'b ct> MaHAacypiefi, bt> HSBfeCTHbie onpeA*JieHiibie 
A*fl dToro ahh bc*, aceJiaBniie aceHHTbCH h bmAth saMynrb, co- 
SnpaiHCb wb HasHaneHHue ajih BToro ropoAa bt> KawAoft npo- 



1) C(5opH. a a h a p 0 a. yioiBop , Hayaa h kbu. t. V, CTp. 222, 
npmii. 

*) ibid, cxp. 28—29. 

') QarciloMo: Histoire des Ynkas. L. IV chap. 8. Letowmeau: L'Evolution 
du niariagc et do la famille. p. 216. Laumier: C6r6monies nuptialea. p 33G, 



Hifl a ). 




CBARBBHME OBPfl^M BT> BOJBTAPIH . 



BHHlriH H T&MT> 3anHCUBaJIIICb OCO6WMH HHHOBHHRaMH. EcJIH 

My »4HHb oKa3biBajiocb 6oJbme, q1»Mi> A'kByineK'b hjih Hao6opo r rb, 
to OpocajiH wpeSifi, h ocTaBmieca aojmkhbi 6um ««aTb ao airfe- 
Ayiomaro roxa, Bor^a hxt> noiwfemaJiH bt> nepByio oqepe^B. 
3arbM f b ynoMAHyTBie hhhobhhkh aIulhjih bc*xi> reeHHxoB'b h 
aeBtcrb Ha Tpn KaTeropin, cMOTps do hxt> cocTOHHiio h icpa- 
corfe, h seHHJiu Soji-fee 6oraTuxT> lOHomefl Ha 6oji*e KpacHBiix'b 
«*By inKaxT>, BSHMafl ct> nepBHXTb 6ojrie BHCOKyio naaTy, koto- 
paa mja Ha npHAaHoe MeHfee KpaciiBWMT> A*BHn;aM'b. 3a bthmh 
Spa^HhiMH n,epeMOHiflMH catAOBaiiH Gojibmia npasAHecTBa wb 
oco6hxt> ffoaiax'b, HapoqHO am Toro nocTpoeHHwx'b bt> khtkhomtj 

ropOA* H CHa6weHHWX r b BT> AOCTaTOHHOM'b AJfl BCfeXTb KOJIH^eCTB* 

nocTeJiflMH, 6y*eTaMH h npo^HMTb xosaftcTBOM'b, HeoSxoAHMMM'b 

ffJIfl H0B06paHHWX r b BT> Te^eHie BCbX^b 9THXT> npa3AHHKOBT>, 

KOTopwe npoAOJSHJiHCb 50 AHeft. 3arfeMT>, bc* OTnpaBjriuiHCb no 
CBOHMii AOMaMi l ). IIo cjcosaifb IIjaHO-KapnHHH, MOHrojbcmft 
xaHi> r ecitH noTpefiyerb y Koro aeaaMywHioio aohb hjih cecTpy, — 
ee SeanpeKOCJiOBHO OTffaiorb eMy. EaeeroAHO hjih qepe3*b h*- 
CKOJbKO jLtTb, cofinpaerb oht> a^bh^ hbo bc*xt> BjraA*Hift Ta- 

TapCKHXT>, H3T> HHX'b OCTaBJUfleTb OHTb Ce6«fe TtX'b, KOTOpWX'b 

xoneTb, a Apyraxi> paaAaerb cbohm'b jnowwh, Kan* eMy B3Ay- 
MaeTca Bt> AP6BHeMi> Phm* KawAuft roAt bi> anp*jii npo- 
hcxoamh npasAHHRH Beaepw, a y MaHHrapATa h Kyjunmepa 8 ) 
mohcho HafiTn ijftjibift pflA'B yKasaHifl Ha to, hto bt» repMamn, 
AHrjiin, 9cTjflHAiH h npoH. coxpaHHJiocb MHoro oSbiqaeBi, cbh- 
A*TejbCTByioiHHX'k o npiypoHEBaHia 6paxoBi> k*b HSBfecTHOMy 
BpeMOHH roAa, qanje Bcero ri> BeCH* h Han any jtbtr. Bt> ap^b- 
Heft PycH CBaAfc6bi hm-bjih, nouHAHMOMy, Toate CBoft onpeA*JieH- 
Hwfi nepioAi>, no KpaitHefi M*p*, mn> AByxi> MtcT'b TeKCTa IIckob- 

CKOfl JltTOnHCH Mbl MOffieMl> 3aKJ[!0HaTb, HTO H3B*CTH0e BpeMfl BTb 
rOAy, a HM6HH0 KOHei^T> flHBapfl H HHMaJIO «eBpaJtfl, CblJO H3- 

B'bcTHO noAT> ifMeHeM'b cBa«e6T>, h bto Bbipaseme ynoTpe6« 



i) Gaya: C6r6monies nuptiales de toutes les nations 1580, reimpr. p. 100—102. 
*) Becmyace<rb-PwMUHT>; PyccKan HcTopifl I CTp. 280. 

3 ) Mannhardt: Waldund Feldkulte I. CTp. 449, 450, 469 et seq . ; Kulischer. 
Die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl bei den Menschen in der Urzeit (Zeitschrift far 
Ethnologie t. VIII CTp. 152-156), wrr. y WestermGrcV* . Op. cit. p. 29. 




52 



9TH0rPA&H*IRCK0R OBOBPfcHIR. 



juuocb, 0HeBH«H0, wb astiRfe, KaKi> coBepmeHHo onpeAftieHHutt 

TGpMHBL'b, ffJIfl 0603Ha?6HLfl 9T0F0 JiepiOfla Bp6M6HH l ). 

TaKt HaawBaeMwe 6aaapu hjh apaiapHH h6b^cti> othoch- 
nuecfl, oieBHAHO, rt> btoHl we RaTeropin HBJienifi, npeACTaBMOTb 
co6ok) He MeHte BasHuft <paKrb bt> stomt> oTHomeHin. EaeeroA- 
HUfl SpaHBWfl co6paHifl mojioachh — bth ^Hrpnnja Meaio cejibi" — 
6bijhi, no Bceft b*pohthocth, ae tojibxo npasAHHRaiai, BLisuBaB- 
inuHH npeKpameme bchrhxt> bo6hhijxt> A*ftcTBifi Me»Ay njne- 
MeHaMti, qacTO Haxo ahbihhm hch bo BsaHMHoft Bpa»A**), ho Aa- 

BBJIH TaRRCe B03U0KH0CTB npOH3BOAHTB BlffeCT* Cb rJ&M'fa o6ntflhi 
CBOHXT> npOH3B6AeHift H SaRAEOiaTb TOprOBMfl CA*JRH, HTO 

BM&CTfc ct> BaRJuoHeHieafb opaKOBt, npHHABinHX'b co Bpenie- 
Heifb xapaRTepi* Kynjm hjih BhiKyna HeBfccrb, h hoamo no- 
boat> rt> BToro poja Haasamio. TaRie 6asapbi blh apMapRH 
HeB-fecTb cymecTBOBajH BORpyrb Bcett ctoepHofl oropoHbi Bail- 
RaHcnaro noayocTpoBa h hcbojibho sacTasjifliOTb bcoomhhtb o6i> 
H3B*cxiu IIoMaoflifl Mew oTHOCHTejubHO BpaRifti^eBTb, npHseAeH- 

HOMT> HaHH Bfaime. Y CTapHH HBIXB HHCaTeJiefl Mhl HaXOAHlfb H3- 

B&crifl, qTO bt> BeHeiUH A*By hikh, AOCTHrrain coBepmeHHOifrrifl, 
6iuh co6npaeMM h bbiboahmbi Ha pwHoirb, rA* hxt» ORpysajia 
TifriHR TOjna MyatHHHT>, h nyGiH^Hhifi KpHRyin* npoAaBajrb hxt» 
ct> ayKiyoHa s ). Bt> pyMURCKoft TpaHCHJiBBaHis cymecTBOBas- 
raiff npe»Ae flpMapRH HeBtcrb bhaohsm^hujihcb bt» cencRie 
apasAHHRH, npoAOJiacaiomiecfl h ao chxt> nopi> Ha bobbbiiubhhocth 
Gal a a, h hxt» HteepecHOMy onncaHiio nocBan^eHa nfbian rjiasa 
bt> HeAaBHO b hi me Aniens noApo6HOHi> coiHHeani r. MapiaHy o 
pyMMHCRHxi> cBaAb6ax?> 4 ). B"b ApyroM m*cthocth — Halm&gy— 
cyn^ecTsyerb h ao cHx*b nopT>, thrt) HaauB. 6a3ap?> nouixyeBTi: 

0 Bi DcKOBCKoft Jiion. boa* roAOM* 6910 (1402): 9 &b*c* 8b*3W xbo- 
CTftTfui Ha 3ana^HOH cipaH* h Biexosame ci> npoqHMH sBtawmi orb c b a a e 6 1 
(4>6Bpaj« Hie.) ao Bep6aofi cy66oTH a , h xaite uoai 1460 r: „reHBapji 22 o 
cift Xb6axi 6hctl noxapi bo IIcKOBt . * (/Copa*3uf». HcTopw TocyA. Pocciftcs. 
npmifri. n t. Y. 222 ■ 386). 

*) y aBCTpaiiftctaro nieiieHH D i e r i uepeiioHia o6p*3aHiii, sa aoTopoft cjtb* 
Ayem exeroAHHft o6nuiHBO-(5pa^HHH npasAHHBi, aaai caasaHO BHme, bochti uasna- 
aie Mindral, T.e. nap*. G. Raynod op. cit. p. 147. 

3) Be Coheres. Laforeste nuptialeP. 1600, reimp. Bmxelles 1863. p. 27* 

«) S. H. Marian*. Nunta la Roman i. Bucuresci 1890. naBa X: Tar- 
gulft de fete. CTp. 70—80. 




CBAAEBHHB OBPflAhl B*b BOJirAPIH. 



53 



Bc-fc BumeAinia bt> Teqeaie roAa 3aMys r b mojoama seHiuHHu 
coSapaiOTCfl bt> HSBftcTHuii aghb Ha flpMapny, oa*tmh bt> cboh 
B*Hiajii>Hue koctk)mw,h A*JiyK)Tb Bctxi> MyK t iHHi>, KaKie Hlfb no- 
naAyTCfl Ha BCTpfcqy, sa qTO nojiyqaiorb ct> Hanaro He6ojrbinoft 

nOAapOKT) UH HfeCBOJbKO M*AHMXT> MOHerb 1 ). 3aTtMTby pyCHfl- 

KOBi> bt> YropcKofi PycH ao KOHija uponutaro, a Moacerb 6biTb 
h ao Haqaja HUHtmHaro cTOxfrriji cymecTBOBa-nH apMapra He- 

B*CTT> B*b KpaCHOBfb BpOA*, OHHCame KOTOpHXb KOSHO HaflTH 

bt> Ann ale s des Voyages Malte-Brun'a bt> H3BjeqemH nat 
craTBH Rohrer'a, noM*meHHoft b*b Vaterlaendishe Blaetter 1810 — 
1811 roAa a ), a Taxse bt> Casopis Ceskeho Musea (1859, 
I, 101 *). UaxoHeE^b, bt> uepBott qacwi Hacroanjeft paSoTM mh 
ynoMHHajiH yse o6t> yKa3aHiHXT>, Kama hm*k>tch bt> yKpaHH- 
ckhxt> cBaAe6HMXT> n*cHBXT> OTHOCHTejiLHO cymecTBOBaHiff no- 
Ao6hhxt> are 6a3apoBT> HeBtcrb bi> MeAwnSoac* h KpynHH* 4 ). 

TaKHirb o6paaoMT>, mm bhahmi> ? hto cymecTBOBaHie onpe- 
A^JieHHaro pa3T> bt> roAy BpeMeHH a^h BajsjuoqeHia 6paR0Bi> y 
MaK6AOHCKHx < b 6o*rapT> BOBce He npeACTaBJiHeTi> co6oh> HBjre- 
Hifl cjyqaftHaro hjth HCKjnoqnTeibHaro. Phat> npHBeA6HHbix'b 
h&mh <DaRTOB*b noRBSUBaeTb ct> AocTaTOHHoft, saaceTCfl, flC- 
HocTbio, hto flBJieme 8to ecTb ocTaToirb qpesBbiqaftHO ApeBHaro 
m, BtpoaTHO, noBceMtcraaro oSbiqaa, HM*K>maro CBoe Haqaao bt> 
qMCTO '^HsiojiorHHecRHX'b ocHOBaxi> cymecTBOBama h paaMHO- 
sema npHMHTHBHaro qejiOBftsa, nepemeAmHX'b noTOMi> srb o6h- 
qafi, AOJtro coxpaHaBiniftca, ho QOTOirb HSMfeHHamifica hah Aa&e 



i) R. CMlard. La Hongrie contemporaine P. 1891. p. 66. 

*) Annales des ? oyages. t. XVI (1811) p. 109—111. Cam Rohrer 
H3Bjen cboh csixiBui H3i Szirmai; Notitia topographica inclyti Comitatus Zem- 
pleniensis h Bartholormi: Memorabilia proyinciae Czetneck, Neasold. 1799. 

9 J GB-bxtHM H3T> Cag. Ces. Musea 6hjh coo6meHH bt> co&pameBHom, 
Bnpoiem., bbx4i bi KBBrB r. Cyjmnoea: „0 CBaxetifliixi otfpaxaxi", h bo omfl6afc, 
KaxoTCJi , OTBeceHH ai Hexia (cTp. 22). — floiate ohh BpHBexean b* eamefi cxaTb* 
.Rites et Usages nuptiaux en Ukraine 41 (L'Anthr opologie, 1892). 

4 ) C6opH. sa Hap ox. y m o t b o p. IV, CTp. 197. yaasaHie na noxoCaae 
se 6asapn hjh apuapaH x*»ynieai mh HaxoiBMi, Moseri 6HTb,Taaxe h bi oxhoh 
H3i ooxrapcKHxi B^ceai: 

xoftxerai, Heno, xa xoftxenii, On xesen cexa momh-tc 

Ua xy6aBH xeHb Bejaxeei Recero ceio— earn e- to a . 

roxBMi ca co6opi co^apa,— ( loMHtom. CTp. 103). 




54 



9TH0rPA«H1BCK0B 0B03P*H1E. 



noHTMHCHe3HyBmift,BCJi'bflCTBie aoflBjemfl HOBbixb y cjoBift wh3hh 

H HXT> OCJOaHeHifl. 

BosBpanjaacb sarfeirb rt> caHOMy o6pfl/iy Ha^aria cBane6i» 
Bb ( 2Je6T>pcKOM'b ORpyscin MaKeAOHie, mm aojukhh o6paTHTb bhh- 
MaHie qHTaTejifl enje Ha to, noBHflHMOMy, oneHb BasHoe o6cto- 

ATeJIfaCTBO, HTO BT> TOTTb 3K6 CaMHfi A6Hb^ KOl^a OTKpMBHBTCfl 
CBflAeOHhlft Ce30H1>, a nM6HH0 P,eUh CB. HjUH, BT> H'feKOTOpblX'b 
M*CTHOCTflXT>, a HMeHHO BT> BeJiefflKO, XOTfl H H6 BXOffflmeMT> 

bt> cocTaBi> ^e6T>pcKaro oRpysia, ho BacejeHHOMi MhiAKaMH- 
»e, BbixoffuaMH H3T> ^eS'bpw *), no cjioBaan> r. IIIanBapeBa 
„CTOBaeffHHT>o6mecejicKHHJiH o6m,HHCKH KypfiaBij cjiyac6a. Bnq- 
kht* cejffHH h3jih 3 aTb B'bH'b ott> eejioTO ua 6aho onpeA*<neHO 

BTfeCTO, (BtpOflTHO Ha oSpOHHIIje). TaM«b ROJflTb e^BB'b BOJTb, Ba- 

pHTb ro bt> o6njH RasaHi*. Orb csapeHOTO m*co pacnoA*MTb 
no qacTb Ha Bcenoe ceMeftcTBo., ncnoc&AHajH BceKoe, Ha oco6hh 
rbpnesH. Kyp6aH r b ctobh ct> h4koh o6p£RH h mojihtbh orb cTpaHa 
Ha ceJECRuit cbabd(6hhhri> *) u flo^oSHbie are Kyp6aHbi h npasgHe- 
cTBa ycTpaHBaiOTCfl bo MHorHxi> Apyrax-b M*CTaxT> MaReAoniH 
h ciBepHofi BoarapiH. Bi> HeBpoRoncnoM'b ORpywiH (ceao CRpe- 
oaTHo) „Ha HjiHH'b AeHb cHxa eAHa Roma ch 3aBa.ua ejs,m r b 
6paBi> (oBeHi>) 3a RypOaHT*. KypSame to o6wkhob6fho b*b Apyra 
Aeme Tpa6yBa Aa ca roTBHTT> HHApo6eHH B*b xapaem, a Ha toh 
AeHb ca neKOTi> Ha mniub OBHH-rfe bt> nemo tt8 ). Kyp6aHi> bo- 
o6me coBepmaion> bt> HacToau^ee speHfl B r b BojrapiH bt> bha* 
AOMauiHflro, ceJbCKaro hah o6m,HHHaro npasAHHRa. o6biKHOBeH- 
ho bt> AeHb naTpoHa ceMbH hjih toto cbatoto, soTopoMy hocbr- 
meHa Mfccraaff u,epKOBb. Ho Bpjwb an bo3Mojrbo coMEcfeuaTtcn 
bt» tomtj^ hto npasAHecTBa bth hh^iotb xapaRrep^ bhojih* ao- 
xpHCTiaHCKifi 6yAyiH nepBOHaqajibHO n p as ahhk3 mh AOMani- 

HHX*b H MliCTHHXTj 6o»eCTBT>, TOJbKO BHOCJTfeACTBiH 6bIJIH Hpi- 

ypoqeHbi rt> npa3AHOBamK> naMBTH xpncTiaHCRHX'b cBHTbix'b, 

COXpaHHBfflH, EnpOHeMT), BHOJIH* BCH) CBOK) H3bmecRy» o6pflA- 

HocTb, HaHHHaa ct> npBHecemfl RposaBofi arepTBbi, rbri> hs 
b*ctho, BOBce He AonycRaeMoS xpH cTiaB ctbomtj . Bt> KiocTeH- 
AHJibCROBfb oKpyaia, RorAa aepTBeHHoe aKHBOTHoe yme CBapeHO 

1) BepKoetm, op. cit. dp. 4. 

2 ) IUanKapeei. C6opHHn-B oti 6wrapcKH Hapox. yitOTBop. q. III,m. VII, CTp. 185. 
3> ) tloMKoei: HapoAOHi C6opHHii, CTp. 110. 




CBAflBBRHE OBPHAM BT» BOJuTAPIH. 55 

h pasjonceno bt> naHHi^u ^jla *aw, hhkto He Ha4HHaerb tcTb, 
noKa Tpaneaa He Sy^eTb SaarocjiOBJieHa. Ho „nona cera He 
Moace Aa 6jarocjiOBH; Tyk«b Bb tqh cayqaft, me 
OjiarocJiaBfi Ha&-CTapnft ott> ceJieriH-T* tt , a cbh- 

JHeHHHK'b SjiarOCJIOBJiaeTb TOJIbRO HOTOMTb X ). HfcROTOpblfl o6cto- 

ATejibCTBa yKa3MBaioT r b Kara 6yAxo 6u Ha cojiHenHuft xapaic- 

Tept BTHXT> npa3AHMKOBl> H H&IOTb flOBOA'b KT> cSjUHKeHilO HXT» 
Cl> OAHHMb H3T> rjaBHJUX'b peJIHriOSHblX'b OOpflAOB'b CBaAb6bl, a 

HM6HH0 ci> npnroTOBJieHieM'b h TopjKecTBeHHUM'b BKymeHiearb 
RopoBafl. Ha BTopofi AeHb qaeTHo-ceBiefiHaro BypSaHa y Ma- 
KeAOHCKHxi> oojirap'b, ROTopufi npoAOJiacaeTCfl „ii,*jih Tpn ahh, 
KaTO Ha caaAoa", npiiroTOBJUfliorb ocoSbift xjrfc6T> (npocawpy), h 
^CBemeHHHK'b aoclmjaBa Bcenoe ott> Dpa3AHyioni,HT r b AOMaKHHCTBa 
HnpoMeTBa hh rbpneaaTa cahh* npHHocb (npoc«>opa),Rofi-To, paa- 
P*3hhi» HOCJi*HaMaJiRHKiRCHeTa,pa3AaBa ro Ha HCHT*npHc*rcTBy- 
iod^h, AOMaraHH n iocth. . . TOBa ce Hapnqa : „RpeBaHbexjifc6 
a noHerA* „npecB*Ta U2 ). Bee bto, paayMfceTCH, cjiHinRoarb 
aeAOCTaTOHHO eme am OKOHiaTeJibHaro c6.mmemn Ryp6anoBi> 

Cb COJHeqHMMH, a 3aT*MT> H Cb CBaACOHblMH TOAOBblHH DpaSA" 
HHRaMH, HO MU CHHTaeMT> BCe - TaRPI yMLCTHblM'b ynOMHHyTb 

o6-b 8tomt>, xoth 6w AJia Toro TOJbKO, hto6m oSpaTHTb BHHMaHie 

Ha 8TH <Z>aKTbl Cb H3B4CTH0fi TOHKH 3p*Hifl S ). 

») fflamcapee-b, op. cit. c-p. 187. 9 ) ibid. wp. 183. 

8 ) TpyAHO,aoHeiHo,npeAno*araTb, *to6"h aypoaH*, aaat oahbi h ji bhaobi xep- 
TBonpHBomeiJMt, BpexcTaBjuji co6o» oco6eHHocTb aaiioH - aatiyAb oT^'fejbBofi pacu 
hjh napoxa,— Btpute Bcero, mto btoti o(5H*iafi ecrb oahb H3*s (f>op*rb oo'iaeiejOB'B- 
lecaaxi. Ho no oco6eiiHocTJiMi cbobmi 6ojrapcicifi ayp6aHx hm'&gt'l HaH6ojfBe 
cxoactbb ct> noxo^HUMi ze o6p*Aoirb y lepeMHct (o nepeMHcaxi h hxi otho- 
meHiH kt> tiojrapam mh roBopuiH BHine) c% tod tojbko pasHHuea, ito lepeMHc- 
enfi otfpaix, 6yxy?H eme BnojiH* bsuhockhmt*, coxpaHoii bi ceo** ropasAO 6orle 
lepn npHMHTHBHO-apxaHqecKHxi. h pa3Haro poAa AeTaiefi, rotophxi yxe ho cy- 
mecmyeTt bi 6ojrapcsoifi. Taai, y qepenacx aepTBonpHHoraeHie npoecxoxHTi 

06HKHOB6HHO Bl JIBCy, B% CBAUlOHHOfi pOm.'fe, 3aifBHJIDiaeft Xpaifl (K 6 p 6 N 6 T b), H 

aApecyeTC/i a* aaioMy-HH6yAi wpeBy, nasi kt. 6o«ecTBy. (C7mujpho0i: Hepe- 
mhch CTp. 199—202), o6pflA'B cosepraaeTCH ai^mfb o6m;ecTBOH% (ib. CTp. 205)TjaB- 
hhmi 6oxecTBom, KOTOpOMy npBHOcarb«epTBy , *BuieTCB 6orx He6a, 6on ypoxaeB* ; mo- 
jbtgs, o6paniaacb Ha boctori at cojHuy; dpohcxoabti imackh napaMH, opa ien 
npHHATo 3a upaBHio, tto6h nyz% ne niacajii ci atenofi; uasoHem, oti hmcbh 
6oroBt 6jarocjioB^»TCii MOJOiyuiKH, BHraexraia saMysi* co BpeMeHn npomjo- 
roAHaro npa3HHHsa. TopsecTBOHBoe npHiiomeaie Coraai HanorAa He coBep- 
maerb cajii xepTBOBaieib (xotb 6h ohi 6hit. h oahhi): oui Bbi6BpaeT% nocpeA- 



Digitized by 



56 



dTHOrPAOHIBCKOK 0BO3PUHIK. 



Bo bchkomt> ciyqa*, oaKTb cyn^ecTBOBaHifl ao HWH*raHaro 
BpeaseHH ocoSaro CpaqHaro BpeMeHH roaa y fio.arap'b aaerb naM'b 
HOBoe h bt> Bucmeft cTeneHH BasHoe noffTBep«AeBie Tofi Teopin 
onpeffbJieHHKX'b 6paqHMXT> nepioAOB'B, ROTOpofi Haqaao nojo- 
seHO 6blko npeAnojoaceHiflMH KasejiHHa h r. CyMijoBa, h OTRpu- 
saerb 3aTfeMT> ffopory RaRt kt> Bnojmi HayqnoMy ycTaHOBJEemio 
CBaAefiHaro SHaqema ^HrpHnyb Meacio cejnu a y flpeBHHx*b cjra- 
bhht>, TaKi> h kt> Soafce aeTaJiBHOMy h ^aKTeqecKOMy nsyqeHiio 
Bonpoca o npoHCxoacA^HiH cBafle6HHXT> o6pflAOBi» BOoSnje mh, 
no Kpaftnefi n*p*, rfexT> H3t> hhxt>, ROTopue oCHapyacHBarorb 
TaRoe Cpocaromeeca bt> rjiasa cxoactbo ct> bsb^cthwmh h3U- 

qeCRHMH B6C6HHHMK H JI'feTHHMH C0JIH6HHL1MH npR3AHHK&MH. 3a*CB 

Mbi He mo3K6mt>, pasyMfceTCH, OTAaTtcfl BTOMy Hsyqeaiio n ocTa- 
Bxaewb bto, RaR*b npeRuerb ogHofi H3i> Hamnxi cafcayiomHX'b 
paSoTb. 6. Bojkobv 



HHK& — cxapaxa, yii4»maro xopotno mm mojhtbh. (ib. crp. 202). To*bo xax%- 
xe, xax* h y 6oxrap%, y qepeiaci xpoBaBHJi xepxBH aaxiiutDTcx yse *acxo 
xj-b6omt,, HBorxa opexcTaBjJDnuixi no $opn* cBoefi noxoGie mepTBeaaaro xhbot- 
aaro (mwaawix jomaxxB (ib. CTp. 196.) b x. x. 0?ea& aaoro cxoxcxBa ci sthmb 
HepeMBCCRflMB b 6"oirapcKBMB otipjtiaiiB BpexcxajuwDTi, noio6HHe xe bojbbo- 
pyccxie otfpaxn, coBepinaeMHe, Mexxy npoqam, xoxe bi xeet cb. Hjhb, to?bo 
xaxixe aaxi bi HexpoBt xohb h xpyrie. Bi BoioroicKod ry6. em.e Be oco6eaflo 
xasao bi HeTpoBi xea* npBBoxajiB uepxBB 6aaa, koiojh ero, aapBJB Tyro xe 
vk xoxxaxi. b bcbm-b MHpoMi pasroBJ&racB ero mjicomt. Ha KxaxoBDVB. Bet cejeaiji 
npaxoia aa* roxa bi fox* CTporo co6j»iaiB nexxy co6ofl o^epeu xocxasxa b 
apBBOxa xi KepxBB o6peieimaro aa xepxBy xaBOTaaro, *acx* aoToparo oxxiiiuac* 
i Bi BOJbsy uepaoBHaro opaiTa, xaxi. i b* Bojrapia. (H a b a 1883, & 18 CTp. 410). 
HsBicTHuft ByTemecTBeuBBBi nponuaro cxoiixix JlenexBBi BBxixi bi HepMcxoft 
ry6. } hto nocejAae aa Mipcxyi) cuaxxy npBBOABJB ci co6od bi ieai> cb. Hiix 
6axa, xpyrie - Tejeaxa a ciiiaxa Bce» xepeBHex>. (Caxapoei: Caasaaix pyecxaro 
aapoxa, bbx. 1885 r. II, cxp. 101). B% Tyitcxofl ry6. bi cxapaay aocejaae nex- 
ib aa xipcxyi) cxiaxHaay xj46x as* bobob psa, npaaocaia xj« tiiarociOBeaix n 
KepiOBb b paaxaBBja ibbxbmi oti Bceft xepeBaa (ib. CTp. 101). Bi ApxaarejbcxoH 
ry6.,BixeaB cb. Hjiiapisyn doxo6bumi se o6pa30M*b tiapaaoxi (CyMuom 0 cxax. 
o6p., CTp. 107). Cxoictbo Mezxy onacaHBiiMB o6p«xaMB BiaxiTpexi aapoiOBi 00 
Bcea b4poxtboctb, xajexo ae cxy^afiHoe, a o^MCHeHu ero Haxo hckatl wb ax* 
BCTopaiecxHxi oTuomeHijixi. Bi Yxpaaai oieab OTiaJieaaiifi aaueai aa b-bito 
flojotiaoe npexcTaBJixen co6od o6H?afi 3axBraTb cBiia ua poraxi 6hkobi bo bdcmx 
i^epxoBBaro opa3XBixa n KpaaBi^i (3anacxa Dro3an. Oixiia U. Pyc 
Teorpa4>B«i. 06m. II, cxp. 130 a cj£x.)> ao sto opaBaxjeuTi., o*eBBXBO, e% co- 
Bctm xpyrofi Kaxeropia 00x0680x1 se XBieaiA. 




CAYPT> BAHMAOBMHV 



B. 0. Mmuiep'b HanenaTajTb bt> „JKypH. Mhh. Hap. IIpocB* 
cTaTBio: ^BujiHHao Cayp* h cpoABBia ct> hhmh". MaTepia-noM'B 
eiiy nocjiyacHJEH raecTb CujihhT), KOTopua, noBH^HMOMy, bc* 
pa3CKa3biBaioTT> o6*b oaboitb h tom*b «e Jiniifi. Bt> oaho! 6h- 
jihh* SoraTLipb, o noABHraxi> ROToparo noerca, HasuBaeTca 

KOHCTaHTHBOMT>, BT» Apyroft OHT> CTOHTB 6e3Tb HM6HH, BTb 

ocTajubHiaxi) hochtb HM6Ha CypoBeHi*, CypasfccTb, CypoBei^b. 
9th nocJi*AHiH B. 6. MHuep** ciHTaerb 3a HCRaseaifl npo- 
3BHma CypoBHHi>, t. e. CaypoBHqT>, cbiht> Caypa; bt> Toil 
GkumbI*, bt> KOTopoft 6oraTupi> Ha3Bam> KoHCTaHTHHOirB, OTeni'b 
ero BaaBaa-B CaypoarB. 

CBOflHoe H3i> raecra BapiaHTOBi> coAepsame Cbmhhbi 6yAerB 
TaKoe: Bo BpeMa oTcyTCTBia n,apa (Caypa) n;apHii;a poAHTb 
cwHa, KOTopufi, noApocmn, OTnpaBjtaeTca hcrbtb OTija, bctp*- 
qaerb Ha nyra Bopoaa, CHAamaro Ha Ay6y, xonerB CTpfejiaTB 
bt> Hero, ho bopoht> yRasbisaerB einy aa 6oji*e una aero c*afi- 
Hyio aaAaqy; qepesi) p-feny CitopoAHHy nepenpaB-iaeTca (huh 
hb-b TpeneTOBBixrb ropi> noAHHMaeTca) TaTapcRifi hjih copoiHH- 
CRifi n,apb. U,apeBMqi> AepeTca ct> TaTapaMH; copouHCRifi napB 

BeJIMTT, pHTB flMbl H BT> HMaX*B CTBBRT'B DOTOpHHBBI. KOHB 

Aapesma ocTynMca h ynajn> bt> asiy^ ijapeBiiqa cxBarajra, 

CBflSaJEH H BeAy^B Ha RaSHB, HO OHTb JOMaeTB OROBBI, xBaTaerB 

TaTapHHa, MamerB hmt>, a noToarB ocbk> TejrfexHoto no6HBaerB 
TaTap*B h Ao6npaeTC£ ao caaioro i^apa. HtKOTopue BapiaHTBi 

Ha 8T0MT> ROHiaiOTCa, HO 6feIJIHfla H6C0MH4HH0 HMftta HpOAOJHRe- 

Hie. Mbi AOCRaxeifB ero hocji*. 

r. Mnxiep'B npHHHCBiBaeTi> btoA Cujim/h BOCTOHHoe nponcxo- 
SA6Hie. „H 6oraTBipB h ero Bparn hochtb eme TiopRCRia 
HMBuai hm« SoraTBipa ao chxt> nopi> eme npnapfenjieHO h*b 

3THOrpA*raCXOB obo«p*hib. XXVII. / 




58 



9THOrPA4H<IBCKOE OB03P6HIK. 



K>SHO-pyccKHMi> CTeoHhJMi> KypraHam> MorHjairb. Be* sa- 
piaunj sanHcaHU bt> boctoihoA Poccm, bt> noBojan/b, h ae 
npoHHRJH bt> pafioHi> HtHBoft auHqecKoft TpagHiuH Ham ero c*- 
sepa, BTb OjiOHe^yK) ry6epniio tt . Bt» to spear*, nam* jpyrie 
6m*hhu npiypoieabi kt> gBopy KiescBaro BiaAHiripa, 3A*cb 
OTei^b-ijapb ABjaeTCfl uapeirb KaRoro-TO 6ycypnaHCRaro ua- 
AfcHia, acTpaxaBcxaro hjih ajiu6epcKaro. 

IIocxb TaKoro peayjbTaTa HSCJfeAOBBHifl pyccRofi 6buiHHi* 
6CTecTB6HH0 poHA^TCfl aejiame o6paTHTBCH rt> cTeoBony auocy 
h noHCRaTB, He HatiAeTca jih bt> Hem> cxoAHaro cioseTa cb 

CXOAHWMH HMCHaMH. 

y KajMUKOBT> cymecTByen> 6biJUHa doat> flassaBievb 
^saHrap'b, ROTopafl noeTCfl doat» aRROnnaHeiieHrb 6a*ajatiRH 
hjh ryejiefi. Ohe 6bLia nepeseAeHa Ha HfeMeiucifi aauirb Bepr- 
m a h o mt. h HanenaTaHa bt> ero Nomadische Streifereien unter d. 
Kalmuken, Riga, 1805, Th. IV; noTOMb aa pyeemft B o 6 p o b h h- 
kobumT) bt> 1854 r. (B*cthhri> Hmh. PyccR. Teorp. 06m. 1854, 
rh. 12); TBRcrb ea BaneiaTaH'b r. Fa jcTy hckhmt^ . Bo6poBHH- 
robt» bt» npeAHCJiOBiH ht> cBoeaty nepeBOAy roBopni-b, hto 9K3(?m- 
njcflpi), ct> ROToparo oht> nepeBOAHJH>, saimcaH'b bt> Baraijo- 
xypoBCROHi yjiyc*; ho wb ero pyKaxi 6ujn> u Apyrofi 9R3en- 
njflp'b, sanHcaBHbifl &&a 0. KoBajrescKaro bt» XomyTOBCROM*b 
yjiyc*. Ohh bo MHorovb. Be cxoahu; TpeTba aanncb, nepe- 
BeAeHHHfl BeprMaHOMi*, uwbeTb cobc*mt> Apyroe coAepjvame, 
q*MT> AB'b npeAHAymin, xoth HMCHa A*ftcTByiom;HX'b jraij-b 
Tb-se. 

BaraKoxypoBCRiit BKseMnjiRp'b /JacaHrapiaflu HaiH- 
HaeTca onucaaieifb CTaBKH xaHa /JaraHrapa h ero cbhth. Xaai- 
^saHrapi BHBerb y ropbi ApcoaHT> Ajrraft, y Mopa 9pA»H 
mapTaKT>; y Hero 6000 h 12 fioraTwpefi. IIo npaByio CTopoHy ero 
CHAHTb flaJiafi-ajiTaH'b npAKH, „Mope BOJiOTaa rpyA* u , nacTyxi> 
rposaaro Oora Maxarajiw; oht> 3Haen> Ha 99 jrfen> BnepeA'b h 
MoacftT-b 6e3oiDH6o4HO pascRaaaTb aa 70 Jifcrb HaaaA'b. Ho jtb- 
Byio pyny chahtt> 6oraTbipb SpryTyiifio', KpoM* Toro emfi 
ynoMHHaiOTCfl ooraTbipH Ca6ap*b, Y.saH'b-XoHrop'b n AP* Bt> 
bto onHcaaie BCTaBjeH'b pa3CRa3i> o tomt>, KaKi> YjiaH'b-XoH- 
rop'b njL*HHjn> CaSapa h npHBe3i> kt> flwaHrapy. fta-rbe oujiHHa 
pa3CKaabiBaeT*b, hto SoraTbipn RHAaioirb aKpeSifi, KOMy 4xaTb 




CAyFb BAHHAOBHTb. 



59 



Ha Kapayjrb ui Ha aacTasy Ha rop* 9pKejyKi>. 3Kpe6i8 
naaaerb Ha YjiaH'b-XoHropa, ootobtb sa AjTaHT>-IJ,9A»H, ho 
xam> He oxnycKaerb hxi>; nocj* Toro »pe6ifi BUDa^aerb 
Ca6apy. Ca6api> orapaBBJca Ha ropy 9pRejiyin> h noAHJiJica 
Ha en BepiuHHy. Cb ropw OHb yBHAlurb, hto ceuh Karax-b-TO 
Sorarapcii yrOHHiorb xaHCKifi Ta6yHi>; bto 6hjim ceMb 6ora- 
Tbipefi 3aM6aa'b-xaHa. Xoth rjiaBHbifi H3*b hhxt> 6wjn> y6HTT> 
Ca6apoMT>, oahrko oCTajcbHbie mecTb CoraTupeft Bornara 
Ta6yH*b B'b Hope h oht> nonjiburb qepeai> Mope. Ca6api> He 
cBrfeerb no*xaTb n cnycEy kt> nopio; t&mt> ero »flyrb mecTb 
3ajtf6aiOBbixb ooraTbipefi; ocTaatHoft ace 6epen> HeAOCTyneHi>: 
^cTpamHbitt KpacHbifi 6epen» bt> 7000 casein, ycaaceirb fio»e- 
bumh ocTpiflMH, KaKTb inHJibflMH tt . Koraa inecTb 6oraTupefl 
CTajiH HacTynaTb na Hero, oht» cTOJKHyjrb cboh) join a a* h caifb 
cnpbirayjrb ct> 6epera. JLomaA* aaBaajia bt> qepHofi rpaau, h 
Ca6api> He Morb ea BbiTanjHTb. BoraTbipH pySann fieperb mb» 
qaMH h cTBJiKHBajiH RpacHyio 3eMjno Ha Ca6apa. Ca6ap*b, itoOt* 
He 6biTb aasaJieHHbiM'b, uoojiburb no Mopio. Gnyx* o6t> yroH* 
Ta6yHa aoxoahtt* ao xaHa ftacaHrapa. AMaHT>-^8A»H raAaerb 
h roBopHTb, hto Ta6yHbi oToraaHbi SoraTupaMH 3aM6ajn>-xaHa. 
BoraTupb YjiaHb-XoHrop'b nojiyqaen> xoinaab ApaHsyjia h 
noaoJioqeHHbifl caHAaJbHuft MHniHJEb (khkob-to opyAie) h ot- 
npaBJiaeTca AoroHHTb Ta6yH*b. Ca6api> y cobra yare aaBoporaTb 
Ta6yHT> HaaaAt; Ta6yHi> Burnera Ha 6epen>., h, ae CMOTpa Ha 
CTapaHifl mecTH 6oraTupefl noMfeiuaTb, nycmica b«b ropu. 
KoHb Ca6apa, ysaainiit bt> rpaan, paaurajra rpaab h bucbo- 
6oAHJica. Ca6ap*b c4jh» hh Hero h noftxajrb bcju^a^ 3& Ta6y- 
homt>. Tyrb npHcoeAHHaeTCH rt> Heaiy YjiaH'b-XoHrop'b. Ohm 
y6MH 3aM6aj£OBuxT> SoraTupetf , 0Tpy6miH hmt> roaoBbi h npn- 
sasajiH hxt> B*b Topoxa hxt> JoiiiaAeft, aarbM'b 9thxti JiomaAeft 
aacTaBHJiH boSth bt> Mope h DWTb Ha Apyry 10 ciopony. 
roJEOB'b, npHBa3aHHbixT> bt> TopoRa HacqHTbiBaeTCfl He mecTb, 
a ceMb, cji^AOBaTeJibHo Tyrb npnciHTaHa Tanace rojiosa h Toro 
6oraTbipa, ROTopuft 6hurb paHbme ydHTb. Caoapnb h YjiaH'b- 
XoHrop'b B08Bpamai0TCH bt> cTaBKy /(acaHrapa 

XomyTOBCKifi cnncoR'b HaqHHaeTca rbwb, hto MyApeip* 
Ajituhi>-I^8A«h 3aAyMbiBaeTca h yaHaePb, hto rA*-TO Ha aa- 
na/vk ecTb Kuaab Xapa-/I l 7Riu8H f b, KOTopbift oSpamaeTca bt> 



Digitized by 




taaummjw tmstsj. wm> cv&> wanmjn npiim n mm u 

Wr*ym**nrz Mjagtm j6auoMD Jxaanpa; Ymvl ouy 
t/Atnw* ny****m Xap^Janupaa cuamm m cumeiu 

(Ap&pMAMie ^ManrapiajM n aepesox* fiepnoia rBfj—fw 

Kef arm A*. $*wA'i*tke 8traferei?a nvttr den Kaimikea fcx icm 
J*i»re» J>//2 ar*4 1 Ki», l*>5.IVThriLS. 183— 2Ujrramo:Eer- 
jo ntprnjen npa IIIapa-Axra*, toart rponpwo 

*//p* lIlapry-MiaJL lips Jacaarap* 6oran*pa: Anaivllsa. 
Caaap*, Xonrtfffh a MpJT- CToport, rj* anrnera 
rA>Mut&, mm noseta-ren 70000 sexen Ulapa-rypro- On 
ooei&ittTO ^aaarapy nocxa fiypca-Easd-qaraju. c* Tpc6o- 
MHHtnuH, moGu /fcaaHrapb ra^an xoaa Apaaaaia ■ 6ormi- 
pefi Xoaropa apaeaaro a AjTaa'b-I^ran. /(xanrapb oruau- 
aaerb ai» opocy&h. Xoaropt BCJrbjr* aa arm, Sen xaacaaro 
paapftweaitf, aa caott crpax* aea^ueaHo ornpaBxaerca bo 
nA&#hmn lllapa-Pypro, joteacaerb ao nxfemHBaro ossapa^ ao- 
TopMft aa xpoaofi necrpoft joioaga nacb 500 OBem>, npaaaj- 
Jtftfaausax'b AjTaay -U^nara; naeryxT* paacxaaHBaerb Xoaropy 
o Aoporft rb Ulapa^rypro: ayarao nepeBaxHTb xpe6en> Kobo- 
uiuxb, aarbat nepe*xan> eeyrpairayio CTenb, xairb 6u cossea- 
ayio nowapoat; aa nepe*3*i> noTpe6yeTCH ceiib *Hefi a cen 
aowJI; AflJite nonaiyTca BoxoAesb TamyriHH'b-IIIapa h p*xa 
DoTyra; otcioab 6yAerb bbaho Bepuiaay 6*xoft ropu, y boto- 
pott wnaerb Illapa-rypro. Xoaropb Aotearaerb go ctbbeb 
Illapa-rypro, bxoahtt> bt> aee no^bio nox3KOM'b sa box*- 
BflXTi, ryinarb xaAOHbD ropxmyio xaicny, Ceperb cnx- 
nyiro Ha aoxoToft noAyina* Hlapa-rypro npasoft pyxofi hoa* 
ro/ioay, 4*Bott noA^b Bory, BbiBOcarb ero a caAHTcx Ha cBoero 
mohh' no BOHb ho ^BMraeTCfl Cb M-bCTa. XoHropt ocTaBJiaerb 
lllapa-Typro he Mfecrfe h xoierb yAaxHTbcx, ho ero oapyaraioTb 
jk>ah; oh* cpaataeTCH c% hhmb, ho HaHOMoraerb bt> btoA 
6hth*. Y A»aHrapa 6wb noAapox'b orb BexHKaro xaMiJ, 
oOHTaiomaro 3y (t. e. Aaxatt-xaiibi, xrHBymaro bt> Mbkbo- 
uay hah bt» Jlaccfc), hmchho aoxo-roft opaxyjrb (Golde Wahrmit- 
tol); ohjioio BToro Bfcujaro cpeACTBa ( fl,«aHrapT> yaaajn., hto 
Xoiiropi> aaxoAHTca b^ onacHocTH. Ohi* aacTBBJiaerb raAaTb 



Digitized by 



CAYFb BAHHAOBHI'b. 



61 



SoraTijpH ryM6o Ha JionaTRfe; totb ra/iaerb h onncHBaerb, 
Bb KanoM-b 3aTpyAHHTeju»HOMi> nojoxemH oqyTHaca XoHropi>. 
f 3,H?aHrap r b OTupaBjineTCfl bt» hoxoat^ upon cxo ahtb 6htbr ct> 
jk>abmh Ulapa-rypro; bt> cepeAHH* obeTCfl AjrraHT>-Il 1 9qjKH, 
^naHrapi> Ha npaBoft pyR*, XoHrop** Ha j*Boft (ROHija no- 
B'beTH y BeprMaaa He 6bUio). 

BeprMaHOBCKifi Bumofh ecTb oieBHgHO BapiaHrb xomyroB- 
cKaro CTHia, 6uBiuaro wb pyKan> BoSpoBHHROsa; bm*cto 
Xapa-^SHji9Ha y EepraaHa Iflapa-rypro; mscto aojoToro opa- 
Kyja, Golde Wahrmittel, noBHffHMOBfy, saHHMaerb AjrraH'b- 

Be* 8TH TpH CQHCKa SailHCaHBI y aCTpaxaHCKHXT> KaJMM- 
KOBT>, HO MH* H3BfcCTHO, HTO /I | WaHrap T b eCTB H y RHTaftCRHXl> 

KajiMiaKOB r b, t. e. y ToproyTOBi>, KoqyK)mexi> Ha xpeSrfe Tap- 
6araTaft, h y ToproyTOBt, sHByn^Hx^ Ha p. dftdHH'b-rojrb, a 
TaKffie, BfepoRTHO, ero sHaiorb h o<yrajibHbie copoftHqu acTpa- 
xaHCRHxi* KajMMKOBT>, ojhoth AjiamaHH h Xy xyHopa (bt> cfeBepo- 
BocToqHOirb Th66t4). Ecjih HeSoJibinoft OTpbiBORT> RaJiMbizpcaro 
IU6M6HH aajrb Tpn paexoAamnxca caHCRa, to njeiffl bt> itftaoirb 
ero cocTaBfe, paacbflHHoe Ha npocTpaHCTBfe orb Bojirn ao n;eHT~ 
pajibHbixi> nacTett ThSctr, HyxHO AyMaTb, Aacrb enje h^crojbro 
BapiaHTOBi*. 

KajM uniKaH ffujiHHa Hufeerb cb pyccRofi fibiJHHoit o CypoBij* 

HtaOTOpUfl CXOAHblfl HepTiJ Bl> CiOaeT* H CXOflHbia HM6Ha. Bb 

pyccRofi 6biJiHH'B onHCbiaaeTCfl no6oHme ca> copo^HHaMH mm 
TaTapaMH, h bt> o about* sapiaHTfe bto no6oHme npiyponeHO kt> 
nepenpae* qepe3T> p*Ry CiiopoAHHy; b*b RaJMbiijRoii tiHTBa 
6oraTbipefl TaRne cBflsaHa ci> nepenpaBofi qepesi „qepHoe 
Mope". &b pyccKofi 6ujihh* yroHa TaSyHa h*tt., ho, Mosera 
6uTb, 9T0 onymeme- mojkho CA*xaTb npeAnojoaceHie, hto iiapb 
copoqHHCRift nepenpaBjfljcfl qepe3T> CMopoAHHy yae hocji* aa- 
6*ra, BOBBpan^aHCb a^moS ct> Harpa6jieHHofi Ao6uqeft. B*ctb 
o6*b BTovb cooSn^aerb Bb pyccRoft 6bMiurb BopoHi>; bt> Saraijo- 
xypoBCROirb cuhck* R&iiMbii^oft 6buiHHbi echo He cRaaaHO, 
rto npsHecb nepayio b^ctb o6i> yroH* Ta6yHa; Kor^a nepBoe 
H3B*CTie yse nojyqeHo, Ajtuhi>-IJ,9A3KH saAyMbiBaeTca h ot- 



AkVAWb-v*Hoicu noHiOHTOJbCKV — n 30JiOT&ji rpyib". 



Digitized by 




62 



dTHOfPAOHIKOHOB 0B03P*BIE. 



KphiBaeTt, kto yra&rb Ta6yHi»; xomyroBCKift me cnHcoirb Ha- 
qHHaercfl npaito ct> Toro, hto AxTBiH < b-I^9AacH saftyMaxcfl h 
yBHaj'b, hto Xapa-flffiHJi9HT> xonerb OBjaAfrn* Koaeirb /Jnran- 
rapa. BfcpoaTHo h bt> oarauoxypoBCKoarb nepsyfo b^ctb «a- 

B&Tb AXTIJH'b-I^dftKH. TyTb H6A3A He 06paTHTB BHHMame Ha 

to, hto AjiTHHT>-IJ,9Aacn, CTO«mift Ha m^ct* B-fem,aro Bopoaa 
pyccKofi Suxhhbi, HassaHi* nacTyxoMt 6ora Maxaraja h hto 
BopoHi> cqaTaeTCfl xaiiaHCTaMH cann^eHHOH) nTHD,eio 6ora Maxa- 
rajia. BoraTtipa CypoBiia (KoHCTaHTHHa) mojkho bha4tb b* 
Ca6ap£ RaxMumsofi 6mxhhm; no Rpafiaeft Mftp-b, bhesoa** o 
CypoBm-fe, ynafiiuesfh bm*ct* ct> roh6mi> bi> BUKonaHHyio xaTa- 

paMH HMy MOJKHO CpaBHHTB CT> CaSapOMT*, KOTOpBlft yBHSHX'b 

CBoero KOHfl bt> rpa3n. BurfeCTO HaRonaHHBix'b TaT&pami amis 
ct> b6htbimh bt> hhxt> „ nOTOpHHHaM b u — m> RaxMbii^Roii 6uxhh& 
„CTpaniHufi KpacHhifi: 6epen> bi> ceMt tbichh'b caneHi> cb ho- 

SeBBIHH OCTpiflMH a , O HOTOpOlTB HfcCHOJIBRO CTpOR'b BHffie enje 

pa3T> cRaaaHo: „6eperb bt> ccmb THcnq-b caweH-B yc*aHi> oct- 

piflMH, CXOBHO OIHXBflMH a . MyAP6I?b AxTBIH'b-I^BKXKH CBOHM'B 

B*mHM*B spiaieH'B BH^HTb bc* 8TH nogpo6HOCTH nepenpaBbi 
Ta6yHa h paacRaauBaeT-b xaHy ^saarapy; wb pyccRoft 6bixhh* 
BopoHi* TaK»e npoBftmiuicfl 6oraTupio bt> momchtb nepenpaBBi 
Hepe3i> p*Ky, ho TyTi> sairbHaeTCfl HecooTB*TCTBie bt> tomt>, 
hto AxTBiHT>-D,aff»H o6pam,aeTCfl cb p$hbk> rt> xaHy ftwaH- 
rapy, a He rt» Ca6apy, RaKi> 6bi cx*AOBaxo rjlb. napaxnexB- 
hocth, h noTOvy bt> ero pa3CRa3fe onncBiBaeTca h noaeAeaie 
caMoro Ca6apa Ha nepenpaB*. Taaoe HecoBnaAeme He aojurho 
npeACTaBXHTBca HeoaHAaHHMM'B npH Tofi xoMRfc cioateTa, ROTO- 
pofl obt> Mon> noABepraTBca npa nepeca#Rfe Ha Apyi^ofi kuku . 
H bt> BapiaHTax<b pyccRoft 6bixhbbi pojB OTija h CBina hobh- 
AHMOMy CM*iDHBaK)TCH, KaKi> Ha 8T0 yKasuBaeTb BT* CBoeft 
CTaTBB B. O.Mnuep'b. Bt> pyccxoft' 6bwhh* rohb caifb ocbo- 
6o7RAaeTca h3t> hmbi h HBxaeTCfl kt> CBoesiy xoaaHHy; TaRse 
h bt> RaxHui^aoii: oh'b paMflraxb rpasB, h npao^»axi> kt» 
CaCapy. Bt> pyccRofi CuxHH'b 6oraTwpB roBopHTi> cbohmt* 

npOTHBHHRaMV. „KTO XOD^BTB 2RHTB HOAOJBine, TOTT> 6*RH 

noAax*, a kto xon^eTb khtb nowfeHBrae, totb uoabrhbch 

n06xHSe tt ^ BTj RaXMBII^ROfi OAHHl» Hail C6MH 3aM6aX0BBIX<B 

6oraTBipeft roBopnirB cBoeMy npoTHBHHRy: ^ecjin th Apyri> 




CAYPb BAHHROBHTb. 



63 



7KH3HH CBoeit. cioil tt ! (/JwaHrap'b, cxp. 21). KajiMKin.KOMy Xoh- 
ropy B'h pyccRoft Clumh* H*rb cooTBtTCTByiomaro raaa, 
ho B. 6. MHJJiepi> cfijinsaerb 6ujHsy o CypoBn,* ct> 6ujih- 
Hofi o MaxaHJi* ceMHjrfeTR* KieBCKOMt, rohb ROTOparo TaHwe 
BBajHJica bt> poBi>, BUKonaRHwfl TaTapaMH; Ha BbipyqRy 
MMxaftj* *Aen> ero OTei*T> ftaHHJio HrHaTBeBH^b- cji*AOBa- 
T6JIBHO XoHropy, *AymeMy cnacaTB Ca6apa, oTBiqaerb OTeirb 
Mnxaitabi. KaJiHBii^afl 6buniHa He CTaBHTt Ca6apa bt> Raxifl 
jih6o pOACTBeeHMB OTHomeHia r*b XoHropy, ho bt> Heft ecTB 
saraAoqHbifi bdhsoa^ o Oa6ap*. 9toti> SoraTupL TpexT> jifcrb 
nmHJiCfl poffffrejiefl; Manrycw OBJtaA'feJiH ero hoaa^hhbimh. 
^ocTnrmn naTHJtTBflro BOspacTa, ohi> co6wpaeTCfl BoesaTb ct> 
MaHrycaMH. B*mift Ajitbih'b-I^bahh odpamaerb BHHMAHie 
/^ffiaerapa Ha Ca6apa h npeaynpeHfAaerb, ito, noSfcAHBt MaH- 
rycoBTi, Ca6apT> He «acrb noBOK> h noAAaHHbiMTb /JacaHrapa. 
/JataHrap-b, c*bt> Ha rohh, Bbi^asaerb ct> cbohmh SoraTupjiMH 
jiobhtb Ca6apa, ho Ca6ap*b cnraGaerb SoraTupeft ct> &bnejn> 
h He AttCTCfl hmt> bt> pyRy. JKeaa /JacaHrapa 6yAHrb cnnmaro 
6oraTbipA YjiaH'b-XoHropa, h Tony ygaeTc* AoraaTb Ca6apa, 
ycTORTB orb ero yAapos**, cxBaTHTb Ca6apa h npHBesTH ero 
bt> cTaBRy AsaHrapa. Bt> o6ohxt> 9nH30AaxT> o Ca6ap4 HBjrfleTOi 
oaho h TO-ae jhijo — yjaHT>-XoHropT>; bt> oahomt* oht> feAerb 
BbipyqaTb CaSapa h3t> 6*ah, bt> ApyroMi> oht> jiobhti> ero, 
noayqaa ot*b Hero yAapu^ Tyrb H6AoroBopeHHan^ MoaceTt 6utb, 
napajuiejib rt> ^aHMJit HraaTbeBHqy, ROTopuft *bp,eTb Bbipy- 
qaTb cbiHa Maxaftia h BCTynaerb bt> 6ofl ci> cbihomi> (no- 
cjrfeAHee npHDHCMBaeTCfl h Caypy BaeHAOBHqy). 

KajMbia^afl 6biJiQHa aurberb B'b ce6* He Majro HMeai*, cxoa- 
huxt> ct> HMeHauH pyccKofi Cbuibhu. Cayp* pyccKoft Gbluhhij 
HanoMHHaeTb SoraTbipa Ca6apa hjih CaBapa RajMui^Koft. Co- 
poHHHCRifi (TaTapcRifi) ijapb bt> pyccRoft SbUHH-h hochtt> HMeHa 
KyHrypi>, KypraHi* CMopogoBHYb, KysiGajrb CaMopoAOBHq'b, 
Kyp6aHT> Kyp6aH0BHVb. KypraHT> cxoaho ct> rypRo bt> cuhcr* 
Beprmaea, KyM6ajn> ci> 3aM6ajioM'b GaraijoxypoBCRaro cnncKa*, 
KyHryp-b cb YjiaHi>-XoHropoM , b Toro «e cnncRa, a Tanase h 
ct> ^«aHrapoMi». Kyp6aHi> HaaoMHHaeirb MOHroju»CRoe eypOan, 

^TpH tt . HaMT> H3B*CTeH'b TOAbRO OAHH'b CJ^qaft; B'b ROTOpOMli 

8to cjobo BCTpfeqaeTCfl B'b cocTaB* jiHiaaro HMenH, bto B'b 



Digitized by 



64 



9TH0rPA*H1BCK0B 0B03P*HIE. 



UM6HH 6osecTBa ryqHH r b-ryp(5a-XopMycTeH , B-xaH'B, KOTopoe 
TpyAHO npHBjeqb rt> aaHHMaiomefl HacB CKaaK*. Bt> ^pyrom> 
cjyiafc eyp6an bxoahtb bt> cocTaBT> HasBasifl npeflMeTa, ko- 
Topufl wh CKasamKTb moit> 6m CTaHOBHTBCH i^toio HCKaHia; 
HHorAa b«b cRasRaz'b 9to e 6biBaen>; mbi HM*eMi> bi> BH^y 6yA- 
ffiitcKiit TepMHHt eypeaH-opdenu, „TpH «paro^flHOCTH a ; TpyAno, 
KOHeqo, npHffyiiaTB nyTB, xoTopuMnb btotb TepMHira Mon> ne- 
peftTH bt> JHHHoe hmh, XOTH BTopoft HJieHi* h BCTp-fcqaeTca Mea^y 
HMeaaMH MOHroJBCRHx?> 6oraTupeS (9 pabb H-Mepre B*b , 9p«eHH- 
XapajLHR'b); pass* Morjio cjyqgTBCH bto TaRHirb poflOMi», mo 
bt> cioxeTb Gbmhhbi sauioqaeTCfl BnH80Ai> o ao6m Basin h npn- 
Boaft «paron,*HHocTH, 7) ryp6aHi>-BpAeBH tt , h qacTB hm£hh ao- 
6hiBaeMaro npeAMeTa 6ujia o6pameaa bt> hmh SoraTBipa. A 
qTO TaRafl TeMa BRjioqaAacB bt> RaxMm^yio fiujiHHy, bto 
npejinojiaraTb bosmokho. Bt> chhcr* BeprMaHa YjiaHT>-XoHrop , b 
xoierb yBeBTH noxun^eHHaro rypRO; ho kobb He ABBraeTCH, 
TaKT> qTO YjiaHTi-XoHropTb AOi»eHi> ocTaBHTb rypno na 
irfccrfe— TeMa, He p*«KO coeAHHaiomaHca <vb TeMofi o noxHme- 
eiH cbhtijIhh. Bt> BeprMaHOBCROBTb cnHCFb H h,*jb spawecRaro 
Hafifcra He Ta6yHT», a 6oraTupB Ajtbih'b-I^bash, h „3ojiOToft 
TopcB tt , hmh ROToparo TO»e BBi3BiBaeTT> cxoAHBia coofipawe- 
Hifl. Mia npHnoMEHaeifB no BTOMy oiyqaio MonroJEBCRyio je- 
reHAy 06% A6aTa*, KOTopBiS Bea'b bt> MoHrojiro cTaTyio 6ora 
TaH6orypy (hjih Maxarajia) h Ha Aoporfc CTaTya /taibme He 
saxoTtJia ABHraTBca: ASaTaft oTCfeRT* BepxHioio qacTB rfeja h 
tojbko ee yBe3i> bt> Monrojiio (cm. noTaHHH«b, OqepHH c*b. 
san. MoHrojin, IV, 333). 9Ta BepxHa* qacTB MO»eTi> 6htb 
h ecTB Ajptuhb — A8a»h, „3ojioTofl Topcb tt 1 ). Moserb 6bitb, 
Ha CBH3B cb jereHAoft o6t> ASaTa* ynaBUBaerb h to, qTo 
Ajetuh , b-I^ba»h bt> SaraniOxypoBCROMTb yjyofe HasBaHi* nacry- 
xomt> 6ora Maxarajia. QpHBeseHHaa A6aTaeMi> CTaTya noABep- 
raeTCH noTOM<b HanaAeniio xana rajiAaHa; xoth pascKasi* 06% 
btom*b co6utui Majio HanoMHHaeTT> KaJiMBin^yio 6bijiHHy, ho bt» 

1) Ajthhi-b^ami cp. ci AjTiiHi-ie^efi; ?m> Ha3HBaeTca <5iioa* bi ciaep- 
HOft MoHroaiH; bi nepeBoj* sto shshhti n 30JOTaa qama". Bi ciasKi MHHycia- 
cun TaTap* AjTHBi*TaTa aapayjHTi „30JOTy» i&my" c% xhbotbophoS boaoA y 
„30ioroft tiepeen" (no-coftoTCKH cumun naduu; bo-mobtoj. ajman xocyu; cp. 
ojeTCKoe A JTHBi-racyHi , UoiapHa* 3Biaxa). 




OAYn BAHEftOBHI'b. 



65 



Hett Tavare ynoMHHaeTCH nepenpasa lepet'B p*Ky OpxoHT>. boabi 
koto pott nonHHMamcH h TOMrb spaacecKoe boAcko. Ecjth p*Ka 
CMopoAHHa, croamaa m> 6wjchh* o Cay** JleBaHHAOBHH'fc He 
aaaoMHHaerb 8toti> cepAHTtift paaaHBiniflcH OpxoHt, to ero 
MOHieTB HanoMBHTB Apyraa CiiopoAHHa, BOTOpan paajHBaeTCfl 
h todhtb Corarapa flfl6pnnm HutHTHia. rajmairb — xaHT> 
ojiotob'b UH ojeTOBT>; oaeraiiH, ya&raMH HasiiiBaiorb ce6a aai- 
mmkh, HtHBymie wb npeA*Jiax'B KaTaficRoft HMnepia; bmb bto 
bt» MoerojbCBoft nHCBMeHHOCTH aBjaeTca b«b' oopirt yeejted. 
He OTcro^a jih MysnEH yraniiKie bi> Gbuhh* o Cayjrfe Jfasa- 
hhaobhi*? Ojhotbi cHHTaioTb ce6n noTOMxaMH HtKoero I^opoca; 
h TenepB orho KajMhin,Koe noKOjrfeeie HaBHBaerb ce6a n;opocaini, 
ho MorAH 6u ce6fl Tara HBBBiBaxB h bc* ojhoxu; bt> TaKoirB 
cjiy^a* uiii MorjiH 6bi HanageHie raigaHa aa cTaTyio, npHBe* 
aeBHyio AGaTaeifB, aasBaTB HamecTBiemb i^opocoBi>. A ecu 

OJUOTM HHBOrffa BO* H6 HaSBIBBJIBCB B,OpOCaMH HJDH lOpOCaMH, 

to, no KpaftHeft nip*, mohcho AonycxnxB, qTo b*b apgbhocxh 
6hwa 6oju>maa b£xbb aieTcaaro nxeiceHH, KOTopaa HaBBiBaxa 
ce6a 9THMTb HMeHearb, GojiBme, vbwb TenepB, h xoxopaa bho- 
cj'bffCTBiH ncqeajia^ ohh Morjia .npiitxH bt> lOscHyio Pocciio, 

GA^SVTBCfl 3#f»CB H3B&CXHOK) «a CBOH) CHiy H MHOrOHHCJeHHOCTB H 
nOTOKTB CJKHTBCB CB flpyrHMH HOapiMCKHMH DJieMeHaMH, HOTepflB-B 
CBOft fl3MKl>, yCBOHBT> lyatoft, HO COXpaHHB'b B*B H&MHTH CBOH 

qopoccaia npegaHia. Bt> oaho& pyccaofi Ouxhh* Ooraxupb Koh- 
CTaHTHHrb, cbihi> Cayaa JleBaHHAOBnqa, oiyTHJca bt» mrfeHy h bt> 
xiopBM* y MyatHH0BT> yrjiHURHX'B; bt> ffpyrofi n;apB CaypT> BaHH- 

AOBHYB Bl> DX*Hy H 6% XfOpBMfe y MySfflKOB'B COpOHHHCKRX'b; 

yrjffln,Kie MysHRS KaKb 6yATO oaho h xo-se ct copohhhckhmh, 
aaKT> h B'BKaaMBmaoft TepMHeoJorin yrejeffu TO-se, hxo nppocu. 

B> 6. MaiiJiep'B c6jmsaeTB GujiHHy o CypoBij* cb meB- 
cKoft ONJHHofl o Mnxaitttft ^aHBJioBHq*; BpasKAe6HBift n,apB Ha- 
SBiBaeTca YjiaHHn^e (ito HanoHHHaeTi> nepBBift qjieHT> bt> nap- 
homt» YaaHii-XoHropB) x ) naa BaxMerB TaBpyeBHqi>. CypoBixy 

COOTBftTCTByeTB MhXOHJ^ ^RHHdOBHTB^ TaKHBTb 06pa30M*b ffjia 

Gorawpa, KOToptift HaauBaeTca qacTO npocTO Cypos^M'B, mm 
HMfcearb abb xpHCTiaHCRHxrb HMeHH: Rohctbhthh'b b MHxaHJH>. 

i) Gp. raise Xapa ,HaHjeH* bi» XomyTOBCKom cbhck*. Yz&ui-Jbmewb mo- 
sen 6tm icaaxeHie Heaoaavaaro Hoaroiaas TDpaeaaro uaoh, jujmw, ,,8b&i". 

morPA«mcBov obabmru. XXYTT. 6 



Digitized by 




66 



9TH0rPAOHqBCK0K OBOBPfeHIB. 



B. 6. Meuepi* CTapaercfl otkpbitb, OTxyxa nonajui bt» 9Ty, 
emfi He yTpaTHamyio cjrkAOBT> CBoero BOCToqnaro npoHCxoarje- 
nifl, GhiJiHHy ^ea 9th xpncTiaHCRifl hmohh h oht> Haxoflirrb 
bt> j*TonHCHMXi> npejiaHiflx'b noflxoAflmia JiHija. Mm ceft- 
qaci> ynasesfb Ha 6miHHy, sanacaHHyio y A*op6iOTOB'b okoxo 
ob. y 6ca; ecjra OHa He bt> coctoahIh otkjiohhtl nocorbAHix co- 
oSpaaeHifl B. 6. Mxuepa, to, no RpaftHeft Brfep*, Moarerb nps- 
secTH kt> Bonpocy, He n o atotob u jia jeh OHa cbohbth opxhh- 
crhmh HMenaMH noqsy ajih npEBJieqeHia bt> pyccRyio 6ujHHy 
HCTopnqecRHX'b hmcht* Mnxanjia h KoHCTaHTHHa. 

fliopfiiOTCKaH 6iUHHa coffepsHTb b*b ce6* enHBO/rb o&b yroH* 
n;apcKaroTa6yHa. D,apcKifl cum* HpHHT>-CaftHf>-ryHhiH*b-HacTafi- 
MHReae, TpexAfeTOKi), co6npaeTca fexaTb bt> noroHio sa Ta6y- 
homt>. IIoao6ho Tony, Kara BjaffHMipT> OTroBapHBaerb ceMH- 
jrfwRa Mnxaoia, h roBopurb, qTO oh*b eme uoao^ am 6o- 

raTHpCKHXT> A*JTb, TaR*b H BT> ff»p6lOTCKOfi 6bUIHHt OTei^b-I^apb 

h MaTb-i^apHn.a He oTnycRaiorb HpHH<b-CafiHa. Ohh roBoparb 
eify, qTO oht> poci> bt> H*rb, hto oht> xioAett xopomo He BHaerb, 
hto OH*b He nirberb hh 6paTbeB«b, hh cecTept h oahhokt>, xan 
Btoep-b m> no **, h yrosapHBaiorb ero hohchtb jtoiia eme roffb. 

TaSyHbi oToraaHU 6oraTupeMi> Xap'b-XypxyRiHHOirb 1 ): bto- 
pott HJiewb BToro niieHH HanoxHHaerb hxh MOHrojbCRaro 6osecTBa 
XopMy cxeHTi- xaHa uh ryqHH«b-ryp6a-ryp6ycTeH , b-xaHa, roto- 
poe y coc*ahhxi> tk>pkobt> npoH3HOCHTca KypSycTeH'b-xaH'b *). 
B*b tomt> qHCjrb oToraaH'b h SoraTupcKifl kohl HpHHTb-Caft- 
Ha, TaR*b qTO btotb 6oraThipi> npecifcAyen* Ta6ym> nfemRoirb; 
bto nanowiHHaerb Cafiapa RanMbmRoft 6mjhhu, ho He b*b bhh- 
soa* 06* yroH* Ta6yHa. a bt> Bnadogb o jiobjc* CaCapa YjiaH'b- 
XoHropoirb; Ca6ap«b, y ROToparo /JacaiirapoBhi Coram pH ot- 
6hjth JOfflaAb, y6*raen> ott> YjraH'b-XoHropa, CHAflmaro Ha 
jiomap, nfemift. 8nx30ffa o noAKonaxi* h ynaBmearb bt> HHy 

1) HpHHi-Caftei noxHHMaeTca Ha licTHHny ■ c% Bea ocMaTpHBaert, tyxa oto- 
rH&HH Ta6yHH. 9toh doapo<5hocti n 6hjbb* 0 Mixanii AaHHjOBMTk h*ti, hoou 
ecn bi lajMHmoft: Ga6ap% Bsiix&ii Ha Bepnmoy bhcokoh ropn 1 c% hoji j*wjn>, 
hto tb6jb% HecercB no HaapauemD %% MopD h ero csmh roun eeu 6orarapeft. 
3ra hoxpo6hoctb ecn. taase h bt> rpeiecEoft 6&ihh < b 061 Apuypi. Hicjo 6oraTa- 
pet, OTroHiiDmHxi Ta6yHi, bt» BaiMHE(Koft 6iuiHi comb; tos6yhcio bi racapiax^ 
bi pyccKoft 6muHi 0 ceMH 6oraTnp«x% 9 OTrouDnuixi Ta6yHi m I^aperpaxa. 

a ) Ob BTHBPB ryp6a-ryp6ycT6H* cp. pyccaoe napHoe Kypfiaa* KypoaHOBHU. 




CAyPT> BAHHftOBHTfc. 



67 



ROH* B*B AH>p6H>TCKOft 6B1XHH* H*TT>; OHT> 3AM*&H6H < B TfcM7>, qTO 

HpHH'b-CattB'b HaxoAHTb CBoero kohh ct> o6py6xeHHHMH HoraMH; 
HpHHT>-CattHT> HcnJ JiaeTb kohh. Orobhbiiihcb^ oh«b BupuBaeTb 
Aepeso h cb HHMTb npoAOxaeaeTB npecjrbffOBame yraaHHaro Ta- 
6yHa. Bi» pyccRHX?> 6hiXHHan> bt> pyRaxi> 6oraTwpa CypoBiw 
hjeh Maxaiua TaTapumb, a noTOMi> ocb hxh ocxhab TexfescHax; 
bt> KajiMwuKofl Ca6api> hochtb Ha nxeq* atexTBift Tonop'b, 
yjiaHT>-XoHropT» KaKoft-TO nosoxoqeHHBifi caHAaxBHwfl mhhihxb. 
Ta6yHU, HaxoHeifB, BOSBpanjeHii, RaR*b h bt> RaxMhmRofi 6k* 
xhh*; Xap'b-XypicyKHHH'b ySmrb. HpsH'B-CaftH'B fyjerb Aaxfee; 
eMy Ha BCTpfcqy *agtb Apyroft 6oran>ipB; ohh CBfessaiOTCfl ppa 
noeAHHRa, ho Tyn> nponcxoAHTb cnosHame. EoraTBipB, BCTpi- 
qeHHufi HpHHt-CafiH omt> , ORasaxcx KoROxesfB, nxenHHHHROin> 
HpHH<B-CaitHa. Oecxpa HpHH'b-Ca&Ha 6uxa 3aMy»eMT> aa 60- 
raTBipeirB Khtbi h t>-3 e6 h ^ XopT>-XypMyRqHHT> yfiut Khtbihi>- 
3e6n h ero 6epeneHHyio «eny yBex*B bi> nxtai. 9totb bhh- 
30at> no lrbCTy csoero noxoseHix bt> 6bixhh1i OTBfcqaerB BCTpfcqfe 
Caypa BaHHAOBHqa cb cbihoitb hjh BBifeSAy Ha paraoe noxe 
^aHHxu HraaTBeBHia. TaRi> KaRr> HpHH'b-CaftH'B Tanofi se Ma- 

X0J4T0R1>, R8RT> MHXaHJT>, TO B*b BU^XaBmOlTB H*b HeMy Ha 

BCTpfcqy SoraThip* cjr&AOBaio 6u npHseaTB ^aHHxy HraaTBe- 

BHia, HO OHT> 0603Ha^eHT> B*B AK>pf>K>TCROfl 6l*XHH* HX6MRHHH- 
KOMT> H TaRHBfB 06pa30ITb flBXHGTCX MXaAIIIHMTb, a He 'CTapniHMTb 

SoraTBipeafb. TaRi» Kamb Koroxb BBrbsKaerB hb'b BpaatAeSHaro 
xarepa, rA* ohi> HaxoAHxex b*b nx*Hy, to oht> cooTB*TCTByeTT> 
Caypy BaHHAOBHqy, KOTopwfi HaxoAHxcfl bt> nxfcay y copoqn- 

HOBl>. T*MT> Se 06CT0flTeXBCTB0Ml>, qjTO OHT> pOAHXCfl Wb OT- 

cyTCTBin oma, oh«b HanoMHHaert KoHCTaHTHHa, cuHa Cayxa 
JleBaHHAOBHHa. IIoaoSho TOMy, KaRT> metb CHapasaerB Koh- 
craHTHHa OTucRHBaTB OTHja, TaRrb MaxB KoROXfi nocuxaerb CHHa 
OTbiCKHsaTL AflAK). Mm AyMaeBn>, qTo nepsoHaqaxLHO bt» A*op- 

SlOTCKOft SBIXHH'b A*XO DpOHCXOAHXO TaRTb-»e, K&RT> H BT> pyc- 

cRoft CKa3K* 0 EpycxaH*, hto OTein» BCTynaxi B<b 60ft cb cm- 
Hom>, h Moseirb 6mtb Aaace oahht> H3i> n oe ahhupirob'b HasBi- 

BaXCR ApCXBHOBTb. Bl> TOfi-XCe AK)p6K)TCH0ft fiHXHH* HHTKe eCTB 

Apyrofl 9hh3oat>: HpHH^-CaftHt BCTynae-rB b-b Soft cb box- 
komt>, KOTopBifl oxasBiBaeTcx qexoBtRoM-b bt> oSpan^eHHOMt bha*, 
6paTOMi> MpHHt-CafiHa, no HMeHH ApcxaHi>-3e6H. Mosho npeA- 



Digitized by 




68 



BTHOrPAQHIECKOS OB03P*HIE. 



nojoacHTL, <ito BHaiaff* HCTopia q6t> yroH* TaCjHa bt> fliop- 

6lOTCKOft 6&1J[HH^ HM*Jia TaROft BH^T>: HpHHTk-CaflHTb OT6HBaen> 

Ta6yaT>, y6nBaerb Xap'b-XypMyRqnHa h HafcssKaerb Ha HesHa- 
ROMaro SoraTwpa, KOTopuft ORasbisaeTca ero cwhoiit> Apcia- 
homti. Bnooi^ACTBin poffCTBeHHUH OTHomeHifl aaMtBeHbi &py- 
rami; B<b He3HaROMOMi> 6oraTwp* peRaRnja CTSJia bh^tb bib 
njeMiiHHHRa hjth 6paTa, upHqein> hmh ApoiaHi> npn nxejfsiH- 
hhr* He yaepacajtocb, ho coxpaeajiocb npn 6parfc. Ilpn cboar£ 
BapiaHTOB<b bt> OffHy 6ojn>myK) Sbunray 06a bth BapiaHTa bovjh 
bt> cBOffHMft cocTaBi* — h Soft mh, no Rpafaeft M^p*, BCTpfcTO Cb 

OJeMflHHHROirb H OOfi Cb 6paTOM1». HO TaKT> RaiTb HpHHT> GafiH*b 

MajojrfeTOBT>, to bt> raaaTexbHoarb ApcaaHfe cRopfce HywHO bh- 
a*tb OTn,a, a He ciua. Poahtcjhi HpHH<b-CaftBa 6buh yBe^eHw 
bt> nxbwb MaHThicaMH- bto cjny^HJiocb noci* yrcma Ta6yaa, 
Ror^a HpHH'b-CaSH'b yraejrb BOSBpamaT* ero. Ho yaos'b n 
njrbH p b Morb ctoatb panbine; cxeifa omjlhhh Morjsa 6mTb TaRa*: 
yB03T> poffHTejeft; HpHH'b-CaflB'b BbipocTaer* Sesi* hhxi>; iih 
yB03i> ovi^a, h HpnH<b-Caftin> po/qjTca Sea-b Hero orb ocTasjieH- 
Hoft 6epeH6HHOH> MaTepH-, Kor^a oht> aocthfb TpexafcTHaro Bospa- 
CTa, y ero MaTepn OToraaHH TaSyHu; ohi *flerb B03BpamaTr> 
TafiyHbi h mcthtb ManrHCajrb, hoaoGho CaSapy, Roxopwfi Tpext 
jt*tt> JHmHJicfl poffHTejeft, JiHmHJicfl noffftaHHWX'b, yBeAeHHbix'b 
MaHrbicaMH, h Ha naTHXiTHeM'b Bospacrb oTnpaBjmeTca mcthtb 
MaerMcaMi*- Aajrfre Hpaffb-CaftHt Aocrarajrb po MfecTa nafcHeHia 
ero oipa; Bpara buchjuh OTija Ha Soft ct> ciiHoarb. 

/JiopStoTCHaa fiwjiHHa HM&erb TaRoe ace npaBO Ha c6«rare- 
Hie c% SuxHHaMH o CypoBij*, KaHT> h RieBCRafl o MaxaHfffe. 
Bt> Heft ecTb bc* rb TeMbi, East h bt> nocjrfeAHefi: 1) 6ora- 
Twpb MaJOjrbTOK'b, 2) OTroBapHBame poAHTeaeft, 3) rohb *h- 
ineHHbitt ABHseaia, 4) pj6ma, bm*cto opysiii, 5) BCTpfcia ct» 
HeysHaHHbiM'b MJiaAiDHMb poffCTBeHHHKOM'b h cnoBHanie. He 
xBBTaerb tojibro cha*hbh no Harosopy bt> uorpefi*. 9xa no- 
cjribffHflfl Tenia B*b opamhcromtb ^ojibKxop* pa3CRa3UBaeTca ot- 
A*JibHO o Sorarbip* UlyHO. IIo HameHy MH'bmio, oto hocj*a- 
Hee CRaaaHie npeacffe ho ctohjio TaRi> oco6o orb Sbixhhbk o6t» 
HpHHi>-Ca&Hfe, KaR'b Tenepb. Bi> cTaTb* „Arhpb hob^cth h 
ARHpb xereHABi tt (9th. 06o3p., rh. XXV) a yRasuBaio Ha 
OTHomeHix HpHH^-CafiHa ri> HlyHo; Tairb h cTapaica ycra- 




CAyPT> BAHHftOBHI'B. 



69 



HOBHTb TOS6CTBO MeXffy TIOpKCKHBTb Illy HO, TH66TCRHBfb TapH 
H TIOpKCSnfb EpCHB-TOieHOMl) , npHBHaBafl BO BOfeXTi HXT> 

•arypy MyAparo cofifrrHHKa i^apa; kt> btomy ate cnHOBy HMeHt 

MM OTHeCJIH H HHfl HpHH'h-CaftH'B, ROTOpUBTB HOI*b Ha3MBa?bCfl 

MyApuft n;apB, 3aM*maBmift HHor^a Mygparo cob^thhrb. IIIyHO 
chahtl b-b hm4 no KJieBeTt, KaRi> MnxaHJit bt> KieBCKofi Jie- 
reHA*; ero noAHBMaiorb h3t> hmh; oht> ocBofioarAaeTb ijapcTBO 

OTB HJI*HeHiH HHOCTpaBHHMT> U.apBM'B, HO, pa306H»eBHBlft H6- 

cnpaBeA^HBooTLK) 0Tii,a, H6 xonevb 6oji*e ocTaBaTBcn bt> ero 
ijapcTB*, y^ajifleTCfl bt> HHOCTpaHHoe n;apcTBO (bi> PycB). Mu 
c6jmHsaeu'B ero ct> nepcoHasreirb ApyrnxT> jiereHAT*, KOToptifi 
yHocHTt y HuHrHCB-xaBa SHaMfl, MyTOBRy (hjh sojiotoA npn- 
ROJTb) h HHor/ia Taxxce bt> PycB. 9th noxumaeMhie npeAMeTM 
poAi> Hapo^Haro najuiaAiyMa; Cb hhmh coeAHHeHO c^acTbe 
Hapoga. 9to-to npegaHie o cha*hlh bt> am* IHyHO, AonoiHeH- 
Hoe TeMoft o noxHmeHHOMt npeAMerb h BxoAHBmee, MoxcerB 
6htb, bt> cocTaBi. Shjihbm o 6oraTHp*, B03Bpam,aBmearb yr- 
HaHHBifi Ta6yHT» h nporoBBBmeifb Ha6fc«aBmHX'b HenpiHTejiett, 
Borneo no KieBa h npespaTHJiocB BAfeCB bt> npe^anie o6t> yHec- 
mearb ^sojiotmh BopoTa tt MHxajHrt, CTOflnjee pflAOM«B cb 6m- 

JDfHHOfi O MHXaHJ* flaHHJIOBHq*, BT> COCTaBT> ROTOpoft OHO, B*- 

poHTHO, bxoaeuo. yroHi> Ta6yHa h nepeapaBa nepevb Mope bt> 
pyccKHxt 6ujiHHax'B HcqeajH-, bth hhi^haghtli 6mjh bt> Heft, 
ho Tenept, tojibro RaKi> 6jrBAHMfi cjrfeAi> npeaceeft peAaHujH, 
ocraJiacB Biv o ah oft, Haii 6hxhhi> nepenpaBa qepe3i> CifopoAHBy. 
Mm npegcTaBJifleM'B ce6* npewHift bhat> btoB 6mjlhhh tekhmtj! 
mapB KyHryp-B Haaajn> Ha u,apcTBo AjBi6epcRoe *) h yraarb 
Ta6yHi>; ho ooraTBipB KoHCTaHTHHi> HaraajTB ero bt> to BpeMfl, 
KairB owh nepenpaBJiucfl qepe3T> CMopojHHy. 

Bt> pyccRoft 6MJHH'b 6oraTBipB CypoBei^b hochtb xpHcriaH- 
CRoe HMfl KoHCTaHTHHt* bt> RieBCRoft 6 bi jiKHt oTB'feqaioinia nep- 
coHaarB HasuBaeTCfl MaxaHJioMT>* bt* AiopfiiOTCRoft HpHHT>-CaftH r b- 
ryHbiHi-HacTaft-MeKejie. Bi> bhay cxoxcxBa cioateTOB'B h bi» 

J ) Hmh AjH6epc*oe Hyateo hck&tl bi spyry cKa30Ki o Hatext aapj. Ecn 
m OHrojBctda CKA3KH o Aapt, Hana^acmeMt ci BoftcKom Ha HejOBita, MBymaro y 

pdBKH. OAVHl H31 BapiaHTOBl 8TOH T6MH CTaBHTt 66 Bt CBASb Cb XepeBOMl tttJl- 

6**pcen, npHHOcamHMi b6jokh, xocTaBiADmia ciacTBe (cm. mod neHry „TaHr. — tr6. 
osp. KflTaa a , II, ctp. 258). He ocmhcjuoci jh dro uu xepeBa, bakimmji j^apctBa? 




70 



9THOrPA<DH4ECKOB OB03PUHIE. 



BHAy npe«nojio»eHia, rto cioaerb btotb saseceirb ct> BOCTORa, 
H3T> op ah, mosho yraAraaTb, hto xpncTiaBCKoe hmh KoHcraH- 
thht> flBiuocb Ha m4ct* ryHHH'b-HacTait, a Mnxawb, Mnxa- 
mvb Ha m*ct* Mexejie. 

Hmh KoHCTaHTHHii BCTpfciaeTca bt> pyccRoin> 6hjihhhokt> 
anoc4 enje bt> SbutHHfe o BacHjn>* BycJiaesfe. Bt> 6jujhh* 
oht> HaauBaeTCfl o6likhob6hho Kocth HoBOTopseBHHi>. H. H. 
2K A & h o b *b wb CBoeft CTaTt*: „Baciuiifi Bycjaesaqt h Bojtxt> 
BcecJiaBfceBHH r b a (PyccR. 6uje6B. bhocb, cTp. 208) hphboahti 

OTpMBOKl) H3*b HOBTOpOACROft 6bIJIHHH, BT> KOTOpOMT) He By- 

cJiaeBi xBajiHTCH htth Ha B6CB HoBropoA'b, a Kocth HoBOTop- 

«eHHHl>. He 3HaHETB-IH 9TD, TOO KoCTfl HHOrffa SaM&njaj'b 

Bycjaesa? Kor/ja 6i> TaKaa saufeHa HBjrajiacb h bt> annsoAfe o 
IlHJiHrpHMHn^*, nojynajiocB 6w HiROTopoe coBnaAeme cb 6h- 
jHHofi o KoHCTaHTHHt CayjioBHi*; BycjiaeBt AepeTca ct> cbo- 
hbtb KpecTHBiirb oti^omi> h ySHBaerb ero; 6e3bHMeHHbifi cuht> 
Caypa bt> ROTopoirb mu uomewb bh^tb RoHCTaHTHHa Cayjio- 
Buia, BCTyuaert B*b 6oft ct> poAHBiirb OTn,OMT> *). 

^Atctbo RoHCTaHTHHa CayjiOBHia noxoate Ha a*tctbo Ba- 
CHXLfl BycjiaeBa. CeMH sbvb KoHCTaHTHBT> OTflaH-b Maxepbio 
yHHTtca: bt> HoBropoACRoft Sbuhh*: w ByAerb BaceHbRa comb 
roAOBi>, oTAaBajia MaTymxa poAHMaa, siaTepB BAOBa Aiuejwa 
THMo«eeBHa yqHTb ero bo rpaMOT* tt . (JKAaHOBi*, „PyccRift 
dHJieBoft enocb", CTp. 199). flecHTH ji4tb KoHCTaHTHHymRa 
yae boojih* Gor&rbipb, h orb ero myro^eR* CTpaAaiorb a*th 
RHHaeHen^in, CoapcRia, ABopaHCRia h RynenecRia. Co Bcfexfe 
CTopoH'b sajyiOTCfl Ha Hero M&Tepn (B. 6. MnjutepT*, Bujeehu 
o Cayp4, CTp. 375). Bt> HOBropoACRoft 6mjlhh*: „bt> nflTHaA- 
n^aTb jifcrb cTajrb oht* (BacHJiitf) Ha jjluj^u noxaacHBafb, co 
poSflTMM myTRH nomyiHBaTb: Roro 3a Hory— Hora-Ta npo%, 
Roro 3a pysy — pyna-Ta npo*ib tt (Fhib*., 153). 

PoacAeme Cbraa Caypa HeoSbiKHoseHHoe- MaTb ero xoAHJca no 
caAy, ct> RaifeHH CTynHJia Ha juoTaro 3Mfca, oSbhach 3M*ft orojio 
HorH h ottoto KHflrHHH noHOCb noHecJia. HeoSbiRHOBeHsoe po»- 
AeHie 6biJ[0 h y Bacnjiba BycxaeBa no AoraARaicb H. H. SfraHOBa 
(-PyccKift CbuieBoft 9nocb tt , CTp. 198). 



J ) Koaeuo, saaiHa BacaiMi KocTeft leraoaoseTi 6urb o6tacaeaa oma6Bofi nium. 



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Google 



POAMHfal H HPECTMHbl, 



yXOAT> 3a pOAN/lbMNUeil N HOBOpomAeHHUMIi. 

(Do MaTepiaiam, co6paHBHm bi TyjiCKom, BeHescKOMi h KamipcKom yisjax*, 

Tyifcctofi ry6.) 

Karb b% cpeafc ffpyrnxi uaccoB'b, Tarn* bt» RpecTBflHCROMi* 

6UT7 BT» OCO66HBOCTH , pO«M o6blKHOB6HHO npeACTaBAAIOT'b CO- 
60X> OftHHT> H3T> CaMUXT* TflKfelBIX'B, CaMMX/b HaiipJHReHHBlX'b 

mom6htobi> bt> SCH3HU KasAOft c6mbh. Em,e AO HacTymeHiji po- 
robt> onaceHifl sa hxt> OJiaronojiyqtfijft hcxoat* h seJiaaie 3a- 
paafee ysHaTB nojn> h xoth OTqacra cyAB6y MJiafleHna sacTaB- 

JUHOTl* BOXHOBaTBCA H 6e3H0K0HTBCJI B6 TOJBKO 6epeneHHyK) 

sefln^HHy, ho h 6jh3khxt> efl poactb6hhhkob , b. ^obojibho iioji- 
Hoe H8o6paneme nepesHsaeM&ix'b hmh 3a bto BpeMfl AymeB- 

HUXl BOJHeHift Mbl HaXO*HMT> BT> rfcXt 06pflAaXT>, BOpO«6* H 

pasHaro poAa cyeBfcpiflxt. HaRHMH en npoBoac AaiOTca poahhh h 

KpeCTHHM. 

Ilojrb pe5eHKa HMtert 6ojibmoe SHaqeme bt> 6yAynjeMi> am 
MaTepiauHaro 6*arococTOflHifl ccmbh: o6likhob6hho ? Manura 
o6fcmaeTT> KpecTbHHCKofl cent* noMonjHHRa, a A^Boqisa paso- 
pHTejEBHHi^y. *Ito(5bi ysHaTb, RaRoro noora ahth nomjerb Toe* 
DOAb bt> h3b*cthomi> cjiyna*, HaxoAHTb hb bto yRasanifl bt> 
Ha6jfK>A6Hiflxi> hsa'b caMoio poAHJbHHijeio bo BpeMfl efl 6epeM6H- 

HOCTH, HaAT> HOCJI*AHHMT> H31» efl A*Tefl H HaA*B COSblTiHMH, 

cjyqarom,HMHCfl bt> to BpeMfl. Tam>, roBoparb, ecu 6epeM6H- 
Hafl aceHiE(HHa nojH*en>, to poahtb AtBoqKy; TO-ae aojjkho 
6bitb, ecjra oaa npn Bonpocfc: „Roro poAHmB? tt CROHoysHTCfl, 
hjih ecjun efl jrhbotb bo BpeMfl SepeMeHHOCTH He MMfcHHerb 
CBoeft ORpyuoft oopMbi. Haofioporb, ecjiH OHa He roh $y shtca 9 
Kor/^a ee cnpamHBaiorb 0 tomt*, Roro ona poahtb, h ecra sh- 



Digitized by 



72 



8TH0rPA<X>HHECK0E 0B03P*HIE. 



Borb y HeB npHHHM&6TT> oSocTpaiomyiocfl (^THqKOM-b") oopiny, 
to orb Hen poAHTCfl Majib^Hjrb. MajrbiHKa are cjrfeAyerb af^an>, 
Kor«a y nocjrfeflHflro peSeHRa Ha met boiocm He saaaHqHBaiOT- 
Cfl RocnqRoft, Kor^a OTei^b oatHAaeMaro ahthth bo speMfl ny- 
th HaftAerb KHyn>, Borga kto-hh6yab nvb ceifeftHbix'b, bh- 
6fc«aBi> ct> TKau,KHMT, npyTRoirb, yBH«HTT> npe«fle Bc&x'b 
KaKoro-HH6yAb My«HHHy, Kor^a nocaaeHHhift aa ctojtb pe6e- 
hokt> H3T> pasjioffleHHMX'b npeAi> HHirb Bennett Bugepen, KaKyio 
HHfiyAB npHHaAJresHocTb MyatqHHbi, a He aceHmHHH, HanpH- 
M*pi>, KoieTBirb, ho He HaaepcTORi*, Tpyfay, a He njaTOKt, 

H T. H T. A- 

IIpH HacTynjreHiH poaobi>, RorAa Cojrfee Bcero coseaeTCfl 
onacHOCTB, ROTopoft noABepraeTCfl hhbhb po ah jbhhii.bi , bc& Ha- 
xoAHmiecfl TorAa bt> aom* npomaiOTca cb nocjr&AReft h yxo- 
Ahtb bt> Apyryio Hs6y hjih hhoo if*CTo, f ocTeperaacb npn qtou% 
paacRasuBaTB o npoHCxoAHmeM*b nocTopoHHHM*b, bt» Toft yB*- 
peHHOCTH, ito poAH 6hiBaioT f L t*mt> TpyAHie, qfeirb 6ojfce 
jihh> o Burnt 3HaeTT>. Ct> poAHjrbHHijeft oct& botch ea iiyarb h 
npHseaHHafl 6a6aa — aoBHryxa; ohh CTapaiOTca, HacROJbRO bob* 
mokho, o6jierqHTb, no Hx*b aoHaTiaftrb, CTpaaaHia pOAHJbHKH£l. 
R&h BToro yKjaAWBaioT-b ee orojio pyaoMoftHHRa. o6boa*to 
Tpn paaa orojio CTOJia, aacTaBJuiorb AepacaTBCR aa npHsaaaH- 
HBifi rt> 6pycy nojtaTeft RymaR'b, Kor^a coqTyrb uywauwh, 
qTo6u OHa poxajia ctoh; Myarb TpnatAbi nepejrfeaaerb MesAy 

Horb. Ecjih poAHJbHHi^a He Moacerb Jierno pacnpocTaTbca 

Cb A*TCKHMO» M*CT0M-b, TO eft RHIQTb CHOpUHbH HJIH COJOAy, 

hah rymn RBacHoft, hjlh ate, saRaTaB'b bt> xjcb6 f b Tpexi> Bmeft 

CT> TpeXT> rOJOBT> H BaCTaBHBTb pOAHJIbHHI^y CbfeCTb fflapHKTi, 

roBOpaTT> eft, it6 OHa cbfcjia 1 ). BfepHTb, qTO 6ojbinoe ofijier- 
qeme poahjibbhii^ 6uBaerb Tanate orb pacnpocTpaHeHHaro bt> 
HapoA* npoH3BeAeHia: ^Cohi* IIpecBaTbia EoropoAHD,bi% ecjui 

OHa HOCTOHHHO HOCHTb erO Cb COfioft, HJIH BO BpeMfl pOAOBT, 

nojioxHTb fb rojiOBaxT*, hjih npoqTerb jero cama, uh xacrb 
npoqHTaTb R0My-HH6yAB ApyroMy, nxnace, HaROHeivb, apoasHecerb 



1 ) Rocikwee cpexcTBO yuoTpeo'.iJiDT'B iamb bt» RanrapcKOMi. ytaAi; bi Tyib- 
czou% h BeHeBCKOMi y*8xaxi, u£6i c*s 3 Bmami xacrb 4ctb aopoBairi *% do- 
Ao6ho«i xe noioseHU. 




POflHHN H BPECTimU BTb TYJbCKOfi ITE. 



73 



ca^Ayiomyio MOMTBy, noM*m^eiiyio bt> HfcKOTopwx'b caucRaxT» 
OTorocHa: „rocaoAbcoMHOK>,rocnoAb ooeperaen>MeHii,pa6y tbok) 

HUB peKTb, BO flHH, H BTb HOHUI, H Ha BCflKlfi iaCT»! IlpOmy H MOJK) 

Ta, ToonoAH, sepe3i> nyny Tboio cBHTy», ROTopyio npeTeprrfca'b 
Haci> p*AH rpkmHhin>, h icpoBb cBATyio npaBBAHyH), ware h»- 
aiaxb! CBflTMft Ilpopoie IlpeATeie TocaoAeHb Ioanffb u bch 
gbatih! mojht6 o mh* rp-fenmoft MHJiocTHBaro Bora AftTH MH 
AHTa nopoAHTb! a KorAH ateHnmHfc poAaMH npHxoAwrctf MyqHTb- 
ch ABoe-rpoe cyTOKi*, to npoearb CBan^eHHinsa otbophtb bt» 
xpairb uapcffifl ABepH, a HHorja cjyararb MOJieSeH'b cb. bm^. 
EKaTepHH* (24 hoh6.), hjui DpecB. EoropoAmfc GefloposcKoft 
(16 aBi\), ejh TpoepyHHA* (28 iioHa h 12 iioia), uh YcneHiio 
IIpecB. BoropoAHAu (15 asr.), hjih see, HaKOBeEfb, sanpecTon- 
Hoft Bo»iei MaTepn, t. e. Toft ea hkoh*, xoTopaa hbxoahtch 
aa npecTojioMT> bt> m*cthomt> xpawb. Bo Bee BpeMfl poAOB* 
npe*b HKoaaMH 6*iBaerb saacseHa BfeHqaJbHaa hjih KpenjeHCKaa 
CBfria. 

Ilocxfc 6iaronojyqHaro oKOHHama poAOBi nosHBaiBHaa 6a6- 
Ka saKaa^LBaerb AfrrcKoe m$cto bt> KaK0Mi>-HH6yAb yroiy hb6u; 
2wrbMi>, o6MhiBaeTb HOBoposAeHHaro, oSpfesaerb h sasasbiBaerb 
y Hero aynosHHy h, ecjin efi noKaaceTca HyacHUM'b, ncnpafi- 
xaerb ero rojioay. floiaraiOTb, <ito TaKi» saRii rojiona y pe6eH- 
sa oepBoe BpeMfl 6uBaen> Marsa, Kam> bockt^ to Bnojufe 3a- 

BHCHTb OTb QOBHTyXH, CA**aTb JH erO KpyrjOJlHKHMt HJIH ftJLBH- 
HOnmUJTb, HJIH Aa«6 RaRHMl»- HHfiyAB ypOAOMT>. MoiOTb MJiaAeH- 

ua, H3T> 6oa3HH o&acesb ero, eflBa Harp*TOio boaoA h Bib Hee, 
KorAa HOBoposAeHHaro oSMbiBaiorb bt> nepBHft past, oSjukho- 
b6hho uaayrb cepetipaHua A^BiirH, Biapasaa t*mt> acejame 
aaiy wb SyAymem* Sorarcwa. 

VnpaBHBmHCb TaKHMi* ofipasoM'b cb pe6eHK0MT>, 6a6na x*o- 
noqeTb okojio poAHJbHHma: n apart ee bt> 6aH& hjeh bt> neiH, 
npaBHTb arHBorb h CAaHBaerb 6H rpyAH, hto6u yAauTb nep- 
Boe njioxoe mojloro. Ho HHoraa Cusaiorb cjiyqan, Korffa okojio 
poAHJbHHma He npnxoAHTCH xjnonoTaTb hh 6a6K*, hh Myacy: 
HiKOTopua acemi^HHbi poAaTb oneHb jenco. KorAa npHAerb 
BpeMfl poAHTb THKofl 6a6*, OHa BbifiAe'Tb Ha ABop*b, pasprbmHT- 
cb oti> CepeiieBHOCTH 6e3i> BcaKott nocropoBHefi homoh^h, no- 
tomt> caica ace npHHecerb HOBopoatAeHHaro bi> ns6y 9 CA^xaepb 



Digitized by 




9TH0rPA*HqBCK0B 0B03PBBIB. 



Axa nero h km cefia Bce^HysHoe, h toxbko nocjrfe, 6oscb 
„crxa3y tf , nprouBaerb Ha neHB hii Ha Asa 6a6sy. 

^toSm pe6eHorb 6bixi» noRoeH'b, a** woro, no poar^eHUi, 
ero o6epTbiBaiOTb otijobmmh nopTEMH hxh, xorja nexeHaiorb, 

TO BMfcCTO CBHBCUTbHHKa ynOTpe6xHK)Tb npHrOTOBX6HH£lfl H3T> 
XJfODROBl> ffJfl HOXOBHROBl) HXH ffepiOfb TOXCTBlfl HHTH, H3B4CT- 

huh noAi» HMeHeMt „Bep*H a ; a am Toro, hto6h oht> 6hxt> 
KpacHBi* h npHBJexaTejieH'b^ ero noKpwBaiorb MaTepieft aexe- 
Haro up'bTH. 

Bt> KyiiOBbfl npHTJiamaiOTB Roro-HH6y*B H3i> 6xh3rhxi> poA- 
Hfiix'b hjih xopomnx'b SHaKOMMxt; ho Korja npeacAe poxAaBmiflca 
A*th yainpaxH, h Rorga sKexaiorb, hto6bi HOBopoacAeHHuft 6&un> 
xhbi>, to npnrxaraaiOTca nepBwe BCTp*qHbie i ). 

— „noS«H, BBe^H MxaAeaija bt> npaBoexaBHyio B*py% — 
oSuRHoaeHHo cb tbkhmh cjoBaMfl ofipamaeTc* OTem> pe6eHKa 
rt> MysqHH^ hxh seHH^HH^, KOTopbixi* oHt arexaerb npnrxa- 
chtb kt> ce6* RyMoin> hxh RyMoft. H npHrxamaeifbie, bt» be&j 
Toro pacnoxoseHia, KOTopoe BucRaawBaeTca R'b hhitb co 
CTopoHbi poAHTexett HOBoposAeHHaro bt» btomt* npHrxameniH, 
oTRadbiBaiOTCfl p^ako, xoth ssame RyMa h Ryma coeAHHeHo 
cb Koe-KaRHMH TpaTaMH. Kyarb, HanpHM*pi>, noRynaerb hi* 
MxaAeHn;a RpecTHRT>, npHHoenrb Ha RpecTHHH cBofi xxifrb h 
HHor^a caM'B pacnxaiHBaeTca cb ffyxoseHCTBoirb; RyMa are ct> 
CBoeft CTopoHu o6fl3aHa npeACTBBHTB r na pu3RH w apmHHa TpH- 
neTbipe CHTi^y, pytfanray au pe6eHRa h uxaTORt hxh noxoreH- 
ue cBfln^eHHHRy yTeperb pyRH no ex* norpyseaifl KpemaeMaro 

BT> BOAy. 

Othocht6Xbho TaHHCTBa Rpemema noxaraiorb, «ito oho ne 
BcerAa SusaerB A**tcTBeHH0. flxa ero A*ftcTBeHHOCTH, no 
MH-bHiio HapoAa, orb xhivb, n p h hh m aion^H xt> yiaarie bt> coBep- 
memH Rpentema, t. e. He ToxbRo orb cBxnjeHHHRa, ho h orb 
ABfliRa, TpeSyeTca noxHoe cosHame cbhtocth h sasHOCTH co- 



i) 3uHie tpecrraxi orufi, m m&toph jaeTi nociijiHEin» npaio oa yaaseBie co 

CTOpOHH KpeCTHHKa Ul BpeCTHHUH, BOTOp06 OCOtiOHHO J1CHO BHpaUBTCJI Ha CB&Ab- 

tfaxi, Korxa seHsxa h HeiicTy En specTHHe 6iarociOBjuiDn nepBUMH nocj* 
poxHisn oma ci MaTep&D, a na cBa*e6Hiirfc yromeHiaxi* saiiaiiaDn sa ctoxom 




P0AHHB1 H RPBCTHRhl B'b TVJIbCKOfl VYB. 



75 



sepmaiomaroca tahhctba. Bon> paacxaro, BBipasaion^ifi bto 
HapoAHoe Boaap&aie. 

B*b oAHoft flepeBH* sHJia semiWHa 6eai> Mysa. Kt> neft 
hbamcr bt> o6paa4 qeJOBtaa agmoht*, h ona orb aero aa6e- 
peMea^Jia. BepeMOHHofl OHa xoahm Tpn ro^a, nocjifc Hero on* 
Heft poAHJicfl peSeHorb, yAHURBinifi bc*xt> cbobmt> 6ojbmHM r b 

pOCTOMt H T*MT>, HTO Repeat HOCJI* Kp6CTHHT> OHT> 

CTaJi'b yse roBopHTt. Coc*ah CTau BbinbiTbiBaTb poahjbhh- 
ijy: OTb Koro Taxoft peGeHOR'b? JIio6oni4TCTBO cnpamHBasniBX'b 
6buio yAOBJBTBopeHO caMHMT>-are pe6eHKOMT>; oht> cRaaajn>: „Bu 
uoiHTaeTe MeH£ aa xpHcriaHHHa, a a caarb qeprb! a — „A Kain> 
se Te6a RpecTHra-TO? a enparnHBaiOTb ero. — „MeHn Rpecrajra He 
no qepefty: uowb 6burb nbflHuft h noraahifi, a nhmeK'h, xotb 
6ujit> TpeaB'b, a» AywajTb bt> bto BpeMfl o Apyrous, TaRT> <n?o 
a Tenepb He aaRpemeHT* h Mory Bcer^a orb sacb yfcrH tt . 
CRasafb oht> bto, noxfeai* noAi> aaBRy — h cKpujicfl- oojbme ero 

He MOrJIH H BaflTH. 

Ilocjrb RpecTHHi> HaiHHaioTCfl noBApaBJieHiH OTn,a h MBTepu — 

Cb CWHKOMT> HJIH AOHROK), RyMOBbeBt — Cb RpeCTHHROMT* HJIH 
KpeCTHHII,efl, 6a6RH«nOBHTyXH — Cb HOBbllTb BHyKOMT> HJIH BHy4- 

Roft h t. a* KyMa cb Hymofl casaiorb aa ctojtb h yromaiorb 
npHroTOBJieaaofi yace &je hhxt» aaRycKofi h Haeirb, a caMoro 
BHHOBHHRa npoHcxoAflmaro TOparecTBa cBBBaiorb h HJiaAyrb 
kt> poAUbHHi^b na paacTeJieHHyio mepcrbio BBepx'b my6y, <i*Mb 
BhipaacaeTca eity nosejame SoraTCTBa. 

MeatAy rbwh xo8ahht> AOMa ham* npnrjEamaTb, Roro coqTerb 

Hy»HUirb ? H3T> CBOHX*b pO/JHMXTi H 3HaKOMbIXt „KT> MJiaAeHIjy 

hh xjrt6i> Ha cojib, Karay 4cTt a , h, RorAa npurjameHHbie co- 
6epyTCR, ycTpaHBaeTca KpecTHJbHufl o6*a^ KymaHtn, h3t> ko- 

T0pblXT> COCTOHTb nOCJrfeftHiti, OTJ[H<iaK)TCH CpaBHHTeJEbHblM'b 

H3o6HJuen'b h pa8Hoo6paaieM<b, rbri CuBaerb tojibro no caMum* 
6ojttmHMT> npaaAHHRairb. TaRi>, CHaiaJia noAaeTca xojioahoc: 

B'b nOCTHBlfl A^Hb— 06bIRH0B6HH0 CeJbAH H KB ft Cb Cb RHCJEOft 

RanycTofi, a bt> cRopoMHbift — cryAeab h Rsacb cb flnijaMH h 
MHCOWTb-, aaT*MT> cjrbAyiorb 6jnoaa; bt> nocTHbift a^hl — npnnpaB- 

JieHHblfl KOHOnJIflHblM'b MaCJIOMli mH Cb CHfeARaMH, KapTO*eJIb- 

hmII cyn'b cb rpn6aMH h jianma; bi> cRopoMHuft 3Re — do;h cb 

RaRHJfb -H H 6y Ab MflCOBTb, yfflHHRT,, t. e. cyn^ Hai» nOTpOXOBTi) 




76' 



8TflOrPA*H1BOKOE OBOSPtHlE. 



aanina ct> nypRTHHoS hjih cbhhhhoA, Janma MOJOHHafl, h, Ha- 
KOHen,T>, KaROBi>-6u cocTRB'b Ryinamfi hh 6burb, na RpecTHJb- 
hom-b 06* a* Heo6xoffHMOK> cqirraeTCfl rpeHHeBafl Rama, npe/^b 
KoxopoK) bt> 6ojtLmHHCTB* cay^aeB'b no^aeTCH Rama nineHHan. 
Bt> aaKJioqeeie ofrfetfa, Ror^a no*AHTb nocjrfc/jHee 6juoao, tia&ta 
RM&nerb Ha ctojn» nnporb, cTaBHTb bt> manR* ropmoR* c* 
Rameft h Ha TapeaK* mro*T> cb boaroU; npn btoitb OHa ro- 
BopHn>: 

mania naiazafi, 
A tb, poiHnHvoa, 
B% ro&% eme aaTpjixafi! 

Hjih: 

Kamay noxHOcm 
Ha KopucTB} Ha paxocn, 

Ha Bomd MHIOCTB, 
Ha TOICTHJ OJOHLtf, 

Ha BiMoiie cupxH. 
Kamay Ha iosbh, 
Maamy aa ho&kh! 

6a6Ra HaiBHaerb yronjaTb npHcyrcTByioiipirb, ho rfr, no 
o6Mqaio, nepByio piOMRy npeAJaraxyrb yronjaiomefi: 

— w IIonpo6yfi-Ra caiia, 6a6ymnal a myTATb bt» OTB*T*b Ha 
ea yromeHin xobhhh'b ct» rocTAMH. „Bon> SHaerb, RaRyx) tml 
BOARy-TO HaMi» no^aemb: Moserb OHa HaroBopHaal" 

ELepBuifb nocirb 6a6RH nberb OTei^b HOBopoacgeBHaro. 
sasycRH eaty ona noAaerb bt> xosr£ nepecoxeHyio Ramy, 
npHqeirb roBoparb: 

— ^hib, OTenrb-poAHTejub, *mb, fla OyA* nosajraHHftft n 
CBoeMy cbiHRy (hie CBoefi aohb* 1 )!* 

— cKajrb Te6t cojt(o)ho, TaR*b h kbh* tbobS 6hjio cox(o)ho 
poaaTbl" 

Ha TaKLfl cjtosa yromaemafi poahtoab HHorAa (bt> KamHpcx. y .) 
OTB*qaerb: 

— w Cojr(o)Ha Ranraa, h coji(o)ho 6iuo mem& poAHTb, a eme 
coji(o)h4S OTH,y ct> MaTepbK> AOCTanyTCH a*trh nocji* tt ... 

1) 9tot* o6pflxi h AaBaeMoe emy sxict ofoacHeHie hm*»t* cxoxctbo c* cy- 
mecTByDmHMt b% onncHBaeicoft m'bcthocth o6H*aem> — cojht* oKOTHBmaroca jiraeHKa 
h xaB&TB oocunaHHyD coil BtuiHSBBaTi ero MatepH, w>6h oh* 6oi4e jtrfaia CBoe 
aim. 



Hjth: Tocth hoe ixrfamie, 
rocTH moh xoporie! 
Ki iam oatiyma xxm, 
Bam aanay Heoer*. 
Batiymaa MoioxeHtaa, 
Hecen, Kamay cjaxeHiay. 
Ham He oapHDiH nojyiaTi, 
A tojko Hapox* npiynaxB, 
Itooh tialynuty snajH , 
Hane bi rocTH &BajHl 



Digitized by 



POAHHM H KPHCTHHH BT> TFJBCBOft ITTB. 77 



3aTfein>, 6pocajtt RBepxy ocTanniyiocfl bt» jokr£ Ramy, npo- 

H3HOCJHTT>: 

— nflpA TOJibKo Eon>, htoCm ^trsmti HamHM'b Becejro 
KHsocb m ohh TftjRT> se npwrajm 6u tt ... 

3a ora,OM«b iwaAeHua yromaiOTca KyuioBba: 

— „Bi*KyaiaftTe, RyMaabRH Aoporie!" roBoparb hmt> 6a6sa. 
„Ob KpecTHHn;efi (hjh RpecTHHROirb) sacbl Karb bm bea^jih ee 
(hah ero) noAT> KpecTom*, TaBi> 6bi bha&tb Basra ee (hjh ero) 

H OOA'B B'6HAOirbI a 

Ilocjrfe KyMOBbeBii m»K>rb noAHOCHityio BOARy h ocTajrbHbie, 
CHAHmie aa ctojiom*. Ilpa 9x011% RasAuft, He HCRjuoiaa h ca- 
Moro poAHTejcfl, Kjaaert CROJBRO-HH6yAb Aenenb Ha Tapejuty — 
bi» nojibdy 6a6sH^ h aa HHporr>— bi» noJibay poAH jBHHma . 

HaKOHeij'b, rocra fijiaroAaparb xosfles'b h, noatejiaB-b hmt> Bcero 
xopomaro, a HOBoposAeHHOii y goSparo BAopoBba h MHoraxT> jrferb, 
apomaiOTca. OcTaiOTca tojbko KyMT> cb gyMoft; hmt> Benepourb 
Toro-we aha 01H yTpoifb cjrfeAyiomaro, hto6u „oaoxM&jHTbCfl a 
no&ife oS^Aa, apeAJiaraeTcn sasycBa 3a btoB saRycRoft RyM*b 
nojiyqaerb qtt> xyHU „Ha naifHTb" uiaTOR'b, sa hto oht>, npaA- 
BapETejibHo yTepinH noJiyqeHHUirb noAapnoirb ce6* ry6bi, ufc- 
jiyeTb nyicy h oTAapHsaerb AeHbraMH otb 10 ao 15 bob. Ilpn 
npomaHbH KyMOBbfl orb pOAHJbHHm* nojiyqaiOTb no nnpory, 
sa KOTopwM bt> cbok) oqepeAB a^iotb eft rod. do 15 — 20 hah 
Ha TftRyk) se cyMMy RaRHXT>-M6yAi> Bemeft, HanpHMfep'b: 
njaTORi>, iaio, caxapy, MbiJia h t. n. 

Thrt> BaRaHHHBaeTca npaBAHOBaHie no noBOAy posA^BiB h 
KpemeHia MjaAeBn,a. 

Ooith bc* coSwrifl, cJiynaiomiflCfl npn poAaxi* h Rpecra- 
Haxi»^ a TaRse paajHinbia o6cTOflTeju> cTBa^ HMfciontffi RaRoe- 
HHfiyAb OTHomeHie vb HOBopojKAGHHOMy, cjiywaT"b t*mt> bih 
ApyruMi* yRasaHieirb aa ero 6yAymyro cyAb6y. Ciaci.iHB'b, hh- 
npHM&pi», pe6eHOR f b 1 ecjia poahjich bt> ^copoqR* a , mh ecjin 
oht>, SyAy^H seHcnaro noaa, noxoart na OTU,a, a MysecRaro 
noxoarb Ha Mara; paaao xoponiHarb npeABHaMeHOBaHieifb n&a 
Hero cqHTaeTca, RorAa bi> a^hb ero poahh* bi> aom* HaRaa- 
HH6yAb npHSuJKL. HeaHBymk totb NjaAeHeivb, ROTopuft po- 
AHJca HOA*b hcxoa2> Micai^a, y Roro roJOBa pasABoeHHaa, y 
Roro poTb ne iiBfeTeri*, t. e. y Roro He fiwBaerb Soji^shh 



Digitized by 



78 



9TBOITA*] 




■OAMunmij wh xoropof ha Bonn* nun, ryfian h we6k 
uoMBMiercn ftfcxoe TBopowicToe BemecTBo. bto cb nepBaroxe 
Bpexeaa yxnuen oxpyma»mB«> cBoea> emmeiociuD; 
caopaa are eiiepn npegBftataerea BoaopoxxeBBoay, soma » 
gen ero poxaa* ciywTca Baaaa-mrfyxB noTepa, yfiuron, 
Borga /tfnyn> » ipyrott jom. BAsya>-BH6y](B aemb cobc*» 

Ul BSatMH BJB HA nOjepKAHie, BOrjIA BM*CT* CB CTO BpC- 
CTHHAHH Wh OepRBfl 6hBAK>TB BOXOpOBU. I HOT^A CTO BOXOCH, 

cptoaBHue CBanteaaaxoirB h saaaraaHbie bb bocbi> Bynora, 
ne uabaiotb no box* b% aynen, a Toayn. 

Docjrt Bpeennrb 6a6xa-noBBryxa ocrae-rca bb n/omh pojouB- 
hhku cb Bejfftxio mm jb* 06bsahboctb en bt> bto Bpeiu co- 
ctohtb B*b tomb, ito6h 3a6othtbcb o pe6emrfe, eacexaeBao 
o6hubatb h nejieHATb ero, a Tame xopn ba po^uBBmel 
a, ecxa nocxftftaaa ojaaoRa, uonoTan bm*cto ne* no xo- 
arfcTBy, PojuuBBBity OHa napaTB bb 6aa* bxh nen^nom 

paSJOTHlUHH ABapCTBeflBBlHH TpBBAMH I npABHTB OnyCTHBmil- 

cb nocjfe pogOBB ea htbbotb, pacTapaa ero npa btomb xepe- 
mbhuhb aacxoab. Hsb jrfeKapcTBb, ynorpe6xaenix'B poxan- 

BBltflMB, B3B*CTBH: BBCTOM BOftBH Ba BOXTaaft, AHHCB, 6oiX>- 

POacbab xpasa, posamxa b xynnum. Hacroi bo*bh ha Komrt 
ynoTpeSjAOTb aaaB cpegCTBO, cdoco6cTBya>njee nogBeiry an- 
botb; aaacB b CoropoACKyio Tpasy miorb ku Toro, <wo6bi 
b3t> rpyxeft CBo6oflH*e nuo moxobo; poM amay are h gynnmy — 
hto6u BH3Ban> „KpacKH tt , axa on* npocTyju. Haqero BBCJiaro 
h coxeaaro poxaxbaai;* ae gaiOTB. CqacTxasa pojaxbHBija, 
KOTopafl Bu6epcrb ce6t 6a6xy onuTayio h pacToponayio. Ta- 
aaa 6a6aa MO»en> co bc*mb ynpaBBTBca h sa BcfeMB ycMO- 
xp*TB. Ho ae to 6uBaen> npa 6a6afe aaiaaaioiijei axa ae- 
pacToponHofi. Orb ea BecooCpasaTexbaocTa Hep*/uso npoacxo- 
Abtb a aecqacTaue cxyiaa: xa6o poxaxbaaiia npocTy/urrca hxm 
oCKbicTCH qero-BH6yAB RHcxaro axa coxeaaro, «6o MxageaeiFB 
yma6eTCfl hjih BCTenerb apoBbio, Rorga pasBaserca uynoBiHa, 
a t. «. a t. a. 

Korga poABXBHai^a aoctbtohho onpaBHTCH, a Ror^a 6a6sa 
coHTen> BOSMosHbiM'b yxoffHTb, nponcxoftarB oqan^eaie BC*x*b 
npacyTCTBOBaBmax'b a npaaBMABniBX'b aaRoe-Ba6yAB yqacrie 
npa poAaxb. Sanaraiorb npe^i> BRoaaaa cB*qy, moxbtcb m 




PORHHbl H RPBCTHHU B* TYJbCROft ITB. 79 



noTOirb boaoh>, bo> Koxopyio Ma^yn xifftib, Hflijo h OBecb, 
yMusaiOTCfl cftMH h MOiorb MJUueHna. Bo speMfl yHbiBaHBfl po- 
Ahjbhhuu, 6a6xa HHorga roaopurb eft: ^Kaki* xm&jb jeroin> 
Aa Kp*noKT>, TaK* h th 6y«B Tana* are; Ran rhhro no«oe, 
Tam» h tu noraftft; xarb osecb 6*jli>, Tavb h tu 6yAb 6*Jia! tt 
A Rorffa mok>tt> pe6eHKa, to npHroBapHBaiorb: „Pocth c*b 
6pyci> BuuiHHhi, a& neib mu^HHu a ! Stott* o6pfijp» H3B*cTeHT> 

BT> ODHCUBaeiCOft M&CTHOCTH HOffb HM6H6M , b v pa3MUBaHifl 



Ba6Ka aa cboh xjohotu, npoirt fleaerb, cofipaHHuxt en 
Ha KpecTHJbHOMi> o6*a*, nojiy^aerb enje oahh* xrh6i>, Muja 
Cb *yHTb, uaTOK'b h ACHbraHH ott> rpBB6HHHKa no py6*R. 

IIo yxoj* 6a6RH, bc* xiodotw h aa6oTu o peCeHRfc jeo- 
saTCfl rjiaBHHirb o6pa3om» Ha ero nan. Qpexjie Bcero, wo 
oha ftojiaea 6uBaerb gfcjaTb, eciH He ajm 6<iara peCenxa, to 
A** CBoero co6cTBeHHaro cnoKoftcTBifl,— bto BunounTb no ot- 
HomeHiio Kb pe6eucy bc* TpeSoBam*, npeAMBueMu* ell mho* 
roB*KOBofl HapoAHoft npaRTHRoft. Taxi, htoSu miaAeHeivb no- 
Roftflo cnajn>, He aoisbo Hanaro AKMibRy nycToft; qro6u oh* 
6eanpenflTCTBeHHo poc*b, He HysHO euj o6pfcaaTb Horrel h 
ctphhb BOJiocb paHfce roAa; hto6u oh* ho aanoaAajrb paaro- 
BopHoft pfeibio, ho HysHO A&BaTB eiiy cnoTp*TbCfl bt> aepxaio; 
htoSu He cAfeiajcn chahkoM, t. e., ito6h oht> Hayiuc* xo- 
AHTb ho noBAHte caoaxt cfiepcTHuoarb, He aojhcho mocth orojo 
Hero, RorAa oht> chahtb Ha nojiy; itoCu ee yMep* cRopo, He 
cJcfeAyerb ero uoRaausaTb cnamHirb Tony, rto ao Toro Bpe- 
HeHH ero He bhau*, h, hto6u pacTyntf ft pe6eH0Ri» 6ujn> onpfl- 
T€Hi>, MaTepn ero h6o6xoahmo nepeA* aaTonoM* ne?H ciieTaTb 
crb aarfl^TRH aoay. MaTb bt> nopy MjaAeHqecTBa CBoero ahtath 
AOJiSHa ocoSohho BHHMaraibHo cjrbAHTb aa co6oft, qTo6u He 
pyraTb, a rtm 6ojrbe He npoRJiHHaTb ero h bt> aocbaI* He ro- 
BopHTb eMy: „nponaAH tu nponaAoirbl" Orb 6paHH h npoRjiH- 
Tia a*th AtxaiOTCH rxynuMH, uh He pacxyrb, hxh nponaAaiorb, 
mh vpyrb He CBoeio CMepriio m tbrhmi* o6paaoMi> Hx*b ^aH- 



') B* Bisoropiizi nicTaxi omiciiBaeMBXi yisxosi oiBmeaie coBepmaerca h 
■W lOBain, aorxa oh* obothtoi; Boasy-Man ■ ex toim ejoadti n ptrt 



Digitized by 




80 



d*HOTPA*H«*BCROB 0B08PftHtE. 



renccifl «ymKH rt6&y*b tt . Brt npexynpewaeHie Moryn^HXt cay- 
ihtbcii ct> peSeHROM'b HeciacTift, ero nepea* ohox* rojbrho 
orpawaaTb RpecTHbiirb 3HaMeHiean> h, Ror/ja oht* HHxae-rb, ro- 
BopHTb cafcayiomee, npeAoxpafl*K)mee KJra^eHi^a orb naryfoaro 
A^ftcTBifl 6*coB , b, npHB*TCTBie:^3SpaBCTByft,aHrejBCKafl Hymnal" 
KaKi. BpeftHbt b-w ffbT^t tfpanb h npoKJirrie, h, Hao6opon>, 
itant cnacHteJbHhi a** hexi* npuBe^eHHUH npeAOxpaHHTexbHbw 

CJEOBa, MOWHO BHA*Tb H3T> MBOSeCTBH HapOAHHXl» pa3«fta80B%. 

HanpH&rfep'b, pa3CKa3MBaiOT r L, 6iui> Tanoft cxyqaft. O^na 6a6a 
ci> Beiepa aofipanua ob eiceueftHbiMH, paacepAHJiaeb * Bbi6pa- 
Hiua hh sa hto, hh npo wo cBoero rpy^Horo pe6enRa. 3acHy- 

Jia OHa H BHAHTT* BO CH* — rOBOpBTb eft KTO-TO: „B08bMH H3*b 

jnojibBH pe6eHRa tt . npocHyxacb 6a6a, noTRHyxacb 6hxo sa pe- 
deHKOM'b, a bt> xioxbRfe-TO ero fitrbl OHa BCKO^nwa , Bsxya 
otohe, mhahtt*: pe6eH0B*i» Meprrsufl, jTom m> qyryH*, *rro 

OKOJIO XfOXbRH CTOflJFb.*. „A KaKT> OlTb MOT* OOimCTb*, AOtiaBJTfl- 

Km paacKa^HKH, „ecxH He 6*c*b ero cboxoh*: wbRh ob*b cbhte 
6iui>? a Hjih BOTb eme Raxafl HCTOpi* npoHBOmxa b% oahoitb 
ceMeftcTB*, KOTopoe cocvomo im» CTapHKa— xosflHHa, ero c?a- 
pyxH a hxi> HeKfeCTKH ci» rpyAHbiirb pe6efiK0in>. ^Pa3i> xarb- 
w pe6eH0Ki> btott> pacnxaRmcfl. Man* ctsm ero yrtmaTb, 
ho vro hh A*xaxa, ohi» see RpHwrb. OHa pascepAMac* h c?wa 
ero pyraTt. y&y, thP roBopHTb ona: „ieprn, tb6s Boebnu! 
on* io6ott HHiero He no«tJ[aerab! tt Ycxbixajrb bth cxosaieprb 

H CT> TOTO BpeM6HH BCe XOTfejTb B3HTb p&teflRa, HO TOJftKO HH- 

Rarb HejubSfl 6uxo, noTOMy mo CTapnirb 6bin oieHb OoroMO- 
ierb h HacTo roBopHXb: B FocnoflH iHcyce XpHCTe! tt ftyafaxt, 
^yuarb qeprb, Rani* SbiTb? HaROHei^b h yffyaca jtb. CoCpaxctt y 
BToro CTapHKa oahht> HysHR*b 6&iRa RpacTb. Enje ctb seiepa 
owh no/utpaxcfl ro ffBopy x crajn> AOAHAaracfl, xorga nee yrHx- 
Herb. TojibRO cjibimHrb Bop*b, hto rto-to B^pyrb saroBopHjrb 
ct> BHBfb: w 3aopobo TOBapHm , bl ^— Kio th? cDpauiHBaepb ity- 
khrt>. Heprb nasBajTb ce6n, a hotomt* h roBopirr* Bopy: „h 
B*ftb 3Haio, sa^M'b Tbi npnmejrb: 6uxa xo^iemb yaectf b y BToro 
xosflHHa. SL Te6* noMory, ecxn 3a bto h tbi mh* noMO«emB a . 
B*cb paBCRasaxii, saq'bH'b oht> caM7> npHmexfe: sa MxaxeHoceirb. 
MyacHKT> ^ojiaeH-b 6burb npoBecxn nepTa bt» aomt*, aaroeopHTb 
CTapHKa h, Ror^a MxaAeHem> GyAerb qnxaxb, He roBopHTb: 




/ 



POflHHBl H KPBOT0HH Vb TYJBCKOfi TYB. 



^3ffpaBCTByfi, HHrejbCKaa ffymKa! a Bop-B corjiacHJca. KorAa 
OH*b nocTyqaicn, to ero BtiycTJMn bt> nowb h nonpocHJH cIjctb. 
Ohahtb oht> h pasroBapHBaerfc cb xosrhhoicb^ BApyn> Bwa^e- 

BeH r b CTBJTB qHXaTL. CTapHKl»-X03flHB r b He CA&imHTb. *lHXHyJTB 

pe6eHOBi> pasi>, gpyroft... H vajoto craao sopy MjafteHija, 4to 
MJia^eHen.'b Hs^-sa aero A0JHB6H'b nponaaaTB, h Ha TpeTBein> 
pas* Bopi> CKa3ajn>: „3ApaBCTByft, aareucKafl AyniRa! a Tyrb 
6*ct> BauonajTb bt> jhaoidh h saRpniajTb: n axT> tbi, 6u<iaT- 
HKKt!* . CeiieftHue bc* yAHBHJHCB h ctajeh cnpanuiBaTB ny sen- 
na, hto bto 3BaqHTi>. Torb npH3Hajrcn bo Bceirb h CTaji'b npo- 
chtb ce6* npom;eHBfl. 

TIoHflTHo, ycjrhjHTB a a BbinoJiHeHieM'b onHCBiBaeMux'B Tpe- 
6oBaHift AJifl poAHJKBHHii.il oh6hb TpyAHO. Ho Be aeraH TaRwe H 
oCm^hwa oSaaaHHOcTH, HajiaraeMBiH Ha Hee npocTBiifb MaTe- 

pHHCRHMfb HyBCTBOMl* H COCTOHUPH BTb QpHrOTOBJieHiH pe6eHRy 

nocTeoiH, bt> 3a6orB o ero- hhctot^ h dh^, jtbhchih orb pas- 
jehhhbixi 6ojrfe3Hefl, H3ucRamH paaBJieqeHifl, KorAa oht» RanpHs- 
HHHaerb h njaierB, bt> y6ai0RHBaHim ero Ha coh-b rpflay- 
ma h t. a- 

KorAa aa pe6eHR0Ki» cMorpHr* caiia m&tb, to OHa, rohohho, 
nocrapaeTCfl^ htoSbi oht> Shut* cmtl, hhctb, noRoeHi>. Uo He 
to SBisaeTb, RorAa MaTepiiirb, 3a HeAOcxaTBOM-B BpeaieHH,— 
tto ocoSeHHo aojhkho cRasaTB o paSoqeft nop*, — npaxoAHTCH 
nopynaTB cbohxt> peCan* naASopy CTapyxT>, oraHBaiomHX'b y»e 

CBOft B*KT», HJEH H6 MaiOCMBICJieHHlIX'B IlOApOCTROB'B, HiTBIOIU.HX'b 

otb poAy nacTO He Sojifce n&TH-ceMH xbTb. JQpH TaROMi> naA- 
3op* nep^A^o cjryqaeTca, hto csmb are hbhbkh, chhtra Hy»- 

HBlftTB yAOBJieTBOpHTB IipeJKfle BCerO CBOH H0Tpe6H0CTH, no- 

£a&h>t* nnn^y, npHrorosjieHHyio pn ahthth, h hocjtb sarjiy- 
maiOTb ero roxoA?* qfevb nonajo, hjhh ace, coBepmeHHO 3a- 
6tAB r b o pe6eHR*fe, ocraBJAiorb ero Ha npon3B0Jn> QyA*6M. Bt> 
nocjrfeAHeMTb c&ywb HHorAa aoSpobojibhbimh noMon^HkRaHH He- 

HCnpaBHBIX'B HflH6KT> flBMIOTCfl TeJflTa, ROTOpbie BiJJLH3BlBaK)T r b 

BOJiocbi Ha roJioB* SesnoMomHaro HJiaAeHi^a, co6aRH h AOMamHBB 
nTHitfL, KOTopwfl choroAho JiajKOMflTCfl ocTaBineficR na ry6axi> 
pe6eHRa nnmeft, MyxH h t. n. 

^TCKafl HOCTejIB 06BIKH0BeHB0 COCTOHrb H31> jyOoHHofl 

hih Ha AepeBHHHoft paMK'B xojm^eBoti jeidxbrh, HaSwTott nepBRMH 

yTROPPA^HIKCKOE OB03P*niR. XXVII. 6 




82 



&raorPA*HHBOROB OB08PSHIB. 



hjih qame c*homt> nepHHM, treoPl me noAyniKB, xo*w l eBhix r b 

npOCTMHb, CIPrateBWXT* HJIH COOpaHHWX^b H3T> ptt3HOIlB , feTHHXT> 

MajreHbKHxi> jrocRyTROBi> 0A*Hjn> h HajfcBaeMMX'b Ha iwjb«y, gjui 
aamHTH cnamaro pe6eHRa on uyxi> h CBixa, ub^thwx'l cht- 
n;eBMXT> hjih 6*jlixT) ro JieHRopoB u xt> nojoroBi>. 

Hto 3R6 KacaeTCfl «o TyajieTa pefieHRa, to b% cocTaB* ero, 
KpoM* xojmjeBwx'b naieHOKT>, mepcTHHHX'b hjh CHTiieBMX'b cbh- 

BaJTBHefi H CHTKfeBUX'L HJIH ROJieHROpOBblX'b pHBOKl> $ BXOflflT'b: CO- 

po^KH, noflCKH, Harja3HHKH,HarpyffHmKH h qenwKH. CopoiKH xb- 
jraK)TCH no Sojibmeft qacra hjtb maTepift hjui (feiaro i^a^Ta, nairb, 

HanpHM'fep'b,H3'b RHCeH^ ROJeHKOpa H MHTKaJTS i HJIH 2K6 — HStRaROrO- 

HHfiyAB cHTn;a, npeHMymecxBeHHO posoBbixi* UBfcTOB-b. Kncefifnafl, 
ROjreHKopoBwa h MHTRajieBUH pyfiauiRH oSiuhbiliotch jieHxo^Ra 

MH— rOJiytfHMH AJfl MaJtBHHKOB'b U pOSOBBIMH fl,Jfl, A*B04eK1»— H 

ynoTpeSjraioTCfl bo epeaffl Rpentenifl MjaAeBflta h bs> ffpyria Top- 
mecTBeBHUR MHayTw, Rorga, HanpHMfep'b, ero aecyrb bt> u,ep- 
robb npHiamtaTb, Rorja cb hhmt> tayrb Ryaa-HH6yAb bt> rooTH hjih 
npHHHHaH>T r b rocTeft; cHTD^eBHs me ynoTpeOjiflioTCH no 6yAHHMi>. 
IIoflcaMH hjlk wbreft cjryacaTb oSbiKBOBeBHbia, noKynHua 8a 
2—5 RoufeeR'b, TeceHRH hjch caMOA*JBHMe, cnjiexeHbie H8i> Kpac- 
hmx'b raepcTRHHX'b hhtoicb, raHypw:; hohcb ynoTj>e6jiaeTca 
tojibro nocjrft HonojiHenia ahthth mecxH nexbih. HarpyftHHiRH, 

HJIH CJHOHHBKH, flfcJiaiOTCH H3T> ROJieHROpa HJIH CHTJ^a h HaA*- 

BaiOTCH Ha rfbTeft RJia Toro, hto6w nepeAHaa hsctb hx^ py- 
6amKH ne CMaiHBajiacb npHHraaeiioft huh nnmeft h cjiohhmh. 
HarjiaBHHRH^ ROTopwe HMtuorb oopaiy npocToro, npoftojrosa- 
Taro (innpHBOD qeTBepTH ab* h a*hhoio bt> aprnHHt) JtocnyTa, 
a Tairare qeniHRH— cocTaBJUHorb co6oh> He ito HHoe, r&rt> cpe*- 
ctbo ynpuBaTB peCenRa on Myxo> h cojrae<raaro sapa. Hart* 
HarjrasHHRH^ Tarn* h Hem^u A&jiaiOTca m% RHcen, multbmh h t. n. 

*Ito6m coffepsraTB rhtb 6oj*e hjh Menfte bt> qncTOTt, 3a- 
6oTjrHBaa MaTB qacTO drbfiflerb Ha seM r b 6'fejiBe, npocymHeaerb 
nocTejTB h ecjrH He eaceAHeBHo, to eaeaeA^JiBHO h p*A«o exe- 
m*ch«iho ero o6afHBaeTT». 

flifmeio AJfl MjaAeHna cjiywHTh rjaBHbiMi> oGpasoMi mojoko 
MaTepn, a ecjin ero H'brb, RopoBbe mojioro hjih npocTO ace- 
BanwH 6apaHRH ct> caxapoMi». Ho npn otomt* He ciHTaeTca 
jnmrHHMT* h Bp«ffHUM«b Ala pe6eHRa noRopMHTb ero RapTOoe- 




POflHHM H RPBOTHHH B*b TyjlbGJKOfl ITS. 



83 



jreirb, Kumefi, maMH mm nouoHTb HBacKOMT*. GpoBi> nopM-nema 
pe6eHKa rpy^Bio npocTjapaerca o6wkhob6hho oi"b oahoio ffo 
noayTQpa roAa, a nsceHHO TpH nocTa: A&a BeJiHHHX'b 0 oahht> 
ycneHCKift, hah ^Ba ycneHCKHXT> h oahht> BejiHKifi. Ct> btovo 
BpeiieHH owb HanHHaerb yqacTBonaTb 3a o6h^hmt> ctojeom'b, 
a mojioko h 6apaHKH npn3HaiOTCfl 3a Sbjiobctbo. AOSBoaaeMoe 
He no BcsHoe Bpeitfl, h 3a pocRQinb, ffocTynHyio Be Ka»AOMy 
ceveficTBy. 

HZI* MHOrOHHCJieHHMX'b A*TCKHXT> 60Jt$3Heft, H3B*CTHHX f b 

Wb onnchiBaeMofi m*cthocth, yKaateirb — bt> ajr*aBHTHOMT> nopflA* 
fffe~cjr&Ay*>nua- aarjuftcRafl 6oj*3hb, 6e3C0HHHH,a, rjncTW, rpu- 
sa, AOJuroe HeyBfBBbe roBopuTb h xoahtb, 3oaoTyxa, KOKJHom'b, 

ROEOTBe B^ GoRaX 1 *, KpHKT>, HeAyFb, HeHOpMMBBafl BeJHHHHa 

jkhbots, eenpoHSBOJiBHoe MoqencnycRame bo speMA CHa, oroe- 
hhk'b, onp*JiocTH, npocTyAa, crjia8T>, cyxan ctbhl h co6aqbH 
CTapocTB. JI ft q e h i e oohth bc*xt> nepeqnMeHHHX'b 6ojrB3Hett 

QCHOBhlBaeTCfl raaBHbJMT> OOpaSOflfB Ha A&ftCTBin JI^KapCTBeH- 

hhxt> TpaB7> u Ha B*p* b'b MaraqecKyio CHay 3aroBopoBi>, Ha- 
roBopoBi* h paamaro pofla A*ftcTBift, coBepuiaeMBtx-B npn bs- 
b6cthuxi> ycjiOBinx'b. , . 

Bt> anejii&cKQi* 6qm*3hu ahth sacTaBJiaiorb cha£tb bt> necK* 
h yjiyqmaicm> ero HHTaHie. 

II pn 6e3coHHuw> h BOoSnje npn nJEOxoan* SAOpoBB* pe6eHRy 

AAH>TT> Wh JMO JQK* HAH B'b MO£04HO& Hani* MaK'B, KMAJ^TTb J 

aero B'b roAOBaxit qepTonoJiox r b h npaGsraiorb Kb saroBopy: 
„3apa — 3apHHn;a, KpacHaa a*bhw! Bosbmh 6e3COHHuny, a Aaft 
iwaAeHi^y (xaROity-To) coht* h Ao6poe 3ApaBie a . 

ToBopHTb btot'b aaroBopt Tpn 3apH: ab* ae i iepHHX < b H 0A»y 

yTpeHHIOH), HJIH AB* yTpCHHHX'b H OAHy Be^epHIOH). 

Oti ejiucmoet 6oju>HOMy aukktb uwTBapHoe chaw hxh roho- 
MAHaro Macjia no *obk£ bt> achl. 

HtoSh peQeeoK'b He 6ojtbjtc> epwofcm^ ero nocjrfe poacAGHifl 

ROpMflTb CBCKJIOfO, HJIH KOHO II JIfl B bIMT> C'BMeHeM'b, HJIH ctpHUMt 
n,B'BTOM r b. A HtaOTOpUfl pOAHJCbHHI^BI HJIH JIHI^a, pOAHBHliflCfl 

nepBWMH hih nocji*AHHMH, „^pH^pM3aK) , rt> 4<, B-ry 6ojt*3hb y po- 
AHBniarocfl CRB03B BeTOinKy; ajih BToro y A*BoqeKT> SepyTTb B r b 
3y6w nynoBHHy, a y HaJibqnROB'b A*TopoAHuft qjieH-b. Bo BpeMfl 
npHrpbisaHia y JiHaa, coBepmaiomaro 8Ty onepai^iio, 6a6Ba 

6' 



Digitized by 




84 



eTHOrPAttlTCKCKOB OBOSPfeHIB. 



cnpainHBaeTT>: ^Hto th xftjaemb?* — ^TpusB npnrpHsaro*.— 
„rpu3H, rpw3H 6oJiBH*e, qTo6H rpu3B He 3aBOguacb. tt — „Y 
Haraeft rpuacKH Be CuBaerb otphhcrh." BecB btotb pasroBopi 
noBTopneTCfl «o Tpexi* pas*. 

OudfiKb MOIOTb OTBapOMTb H3T> COJOMbl, HaCpaHHOfl H OUTBID 

H3t> Tpexi* nejieHi* qyanxTb aomob^b, a Tanse BecHOio, RorAa 
bt> nepBwft pa8T> BbifcRyrh c*htb, Biraocarb Ha nojie h, noca- 
Ahbt> nocpeAH naniHH, oScfeBaforb RpyroHi> h roBopsrb: ,Tia, 
OBecb, pocth, a tu, hmh perb, xoah!" TaKnxi>-we caaaiorb 

B*b M*mOKT> H B*b H6H1> 6%TOWh oOflOCflTb OKOJIO CBOerO ABOpa 

TpH pasa. KajKRhift pa3i> 6*rymaro ct» MrfemROM'b BCTp-feqaerb 
KTo-HH6y/ib H3i> AOMamHHxt h cnpamHBaerb: ^Ito Hecemb?* — 
„CiiflHKy tt , OTB*qaerb Torb. — „HaAO eiiy xoAHTb*. Tairb o6ho- 

CHTb CHflflK'b MOJKHO BO BCHK06 BpeMH. 

KorAa pe6eHOKi> ffojiro we eoeopumt h *6 aawfcima, to, RaR*b 
neKyrb xjrfrfbi, ero cassaiorb noAT> fffeacy, Ror^a Bbmyrb orb 
Hea rbcro, h hotomi*, BbiMbiBan Ha^T> btoio A*5Koti ce6* pyra 
boaok), KOTopofi CMa3UBajiH CBepxy noff*JiaHHbie x**6bi, tobo- 

pflTb: n KaRl> MOH XAfeCbl RHCJH, TaKT> H TM, MOe AHTHTKO, RHC- 
HH (nOJIHifi)' RaJTb MOH XJ$6bI BCXOgHAH, TaKt H TBI XOftH; 
RaKT> fl, HOe ffHTHTRO, rOBOpK), TaK*b H TH rOBOpH*. 

KorAa pe6eHOKi> bt» nepBwfi pasi* CTaHert Ha Horn h nai- 
Herb hxt> nepecTaBJiHTB, to npocTpaHCTBO nojta Me»Ay ero 
HoraMH nepepyOaiorb Hpecirb-Ha-Rpecrb Tonopoan> hjelh hojkomt>: 
9to 3HaMHTb nepepfcsaTb t* HeBHAHMHH nyTa, ROTopbiH ao 

CHXl* HOpi> CBH3MBSUIH HOPH peSeBRa. 

BojitHoro 30Aomyxou noan> jihctomt* ksuthhw, coGpaHnnr* 
bo BpeMH efl D;B*Ta, a TaK«e jihctomt> cMopoAHHOBHMt, 0TBa~ 
peHHMM'b bt> MOJORfe: mh 30JioTymHHfl Cojmhkh Maaryrb 
R03bHMi>, a 3a HeHM*HieM'b ero, KopoBbHMTb MacjoMTb-, hjh are 
9Ty 6ojrt3Hb jrhHaT-b TpH 3opn cjrfeAyion^HM'b aaroBopoMi*: 

Ha nop* OaeaHfc, Cwm xtrana, 

Ha octpob* ByjiBt Upixyiaen eoiorpty: 

Crown Boim ^6plOBb; 3ojOTyxa-*pacoTyxal 

A y aloft nepm Te6t tjt% He 6an f 

JLemHT% KaiiCHB Te64 tjtl ho *htb, 



Goposa caxen; 

A Ha 9TOM% K&MBTB 



Koctefl He xoxan, 
CycraBt ne thortl! 




POffHHW M KPBCTMHbl Bl> TVttCKOft TYB. 85 



Ilocjrfe npoHSHeceaifl bthxt> cjobt> aojihbo njiiOHyTb h AyayTb. 

Orb KOKJimua pe6eHKy aaam* cocaTb jegeaeifb, npuaa- 
m&tb paaa Aaa bt> &eab no qaSHoft jiokr* npoBaHCRaro Hacjia 
ci> caxapoMi> h poaoabncb nacJioMT> ejkh ace bt» Taaoirb ace 
KOJfflqecTB'b gepeBaaaaro Macja ct> caxapauirb necaoirb. 

Ott> noxoMbji eb 6vmxb npasajiBiBaiDTB rpoMOBUMH CTpfcjiaMH 
ct> npoH3aeceaieMT> CJrfeAyK)maxT> cjiobt>: 

TocnoxH Incyce Xpacxe! lIoiyAeHHHxi h noiyHOiBHx* 

CnacH h noMHjyfi Aereitctyi) xymiy 

On bcbbbx* aexyroB* MjaxeHaa (nua pen). 

A6BHHX* H HOIBHIl, (3-B«h). 

Ecjth pe6eaoKT> oqeHb Hacro Kpunuim, to ct> aawcb Buxoaarb 
Ha yjraiiy Tpa sapa a, o6pamaacb no Benepairb Ha 3anaAi> a 
no yxpairb Ha boctokt>, roBoparb: 



B*b BTowb c*y4afc SoJibHoro Taa»e Bbiaocarb bt> hoaoji* Tpa 
paaa no 3apjun> hoat* aypaayio aamecTb a nparoBapueaiorb: 



(Aajie Moawo nepe*BCJBTb sauxi yroiao lypx, ae nonHHaa tojiko sepaaxi). 

Hto6h. HdSasBTb peSeHaa ott> nedyea hjih, HHaqe, ou> 
MjaAeHnecKofi 6oj*3hh, h3b*ctho& bt> mcahuhh^ hoat> HMeHearb 
poduMHum (eclampsia), npa nepsoirb npanaffK*, aorga saSojrbB- 
mitt nepecTaaerb 6aTbca, y aero pByT»b cnepega pyGamay 
orb pasptaa %o aaay, hjlh HaapuBaiorb ero nojOTeai^eirb, 
KOTopuMT> 6biJia noaptiTa HeBfccTa bo Bpeiia BfeHiaHia, jih6o 
CKATepTbio, aoTopyio CMajra aa cBaAeSaoirb 06^* hjih npa 
MOAeSafe B*b aaaoft-aaCyAb npa3flUHK*b. flja Toft ace h$jh 
SojbHoro iioiorb BORoft, KOTopyio ct» roch, ynoTpeSaaeMofl rjih 
KomeHbfl TpaBbi a pasaaro xjrfe6a, cnycaaiorb bt> 6jhoao aa 
nojtoaseHBbifl bt> Hero jojkkh. 

PeSeaaa ct> HeHopHajibBO CoAbtuuMb oicusomoM KopMarb aq- 
MeHHofi aameft hjlh noarb, Aaaaa no ctojioboA johk* bt> A^ab, 
aoHOnjuabHfb Macao Mt. 



3*pB-8ApHBKa, 

RpacHAB A*BBna! 
Bobbmh orb wajeima 



(Taaoro-ro) ipw, 
A xaft eMy Heipm. 

(3-aun). 



KypH 6&JHB, 
Kypn cipuB, 
KypH aecTpHB, 



B03bBHT6 OTfc MJIM6HI^a 

(TAsoro-To) spro, 

A xaftie euy yroMOflil (S^ama). 




86 



9THOrPA«H<lBCROH 0B03P-&H1B. 



Kto MOHumcji eo epeMH cna hoat> ce6a, Toro cbBjTb Ha 
aacjioHK* canoaKHbiMi) roxeHHmeMB Tpn yTpa 1 ). 

QpoTHBi> oeonnuKa hjih Mmynaeo omn (MORHynjaro jrainaa 
jum,a — eczema faciei), no MHfcmio napoAa, noMoraKm>Sj paa- 
* jUHqHWfl cpeflcraa. Mojkho jt^hhtb axy fioJritaHB, TpnsA** bbi- 
6hbhh orHHBO npeA'B snuowb SojBHoro TaRi>, 4to6u HCKpujie 
TfejiH Ha nocji^AHflro; hjih npn saTonfc neqa, ao TpexB pa3T>, 
aaacHraa nyqoRi> h3t> jiyqHHOK'B, SpusraTB Ha aero H30 pTa 
BOAoft, <ito6m npn 9tomt> ammt> ott> TyxHymaro nyqna JieT*jn> 
bt> jran,o cHflamaro Ha ctoji* hjih Ha JiaBRfe peSeHKa; hjih »e 

npHRJDtaAHBaTB KT> 60JIBH0My MtCTy o6blKH0BeHHOe, TpannHHoe 

hjih MonajibBoe, noineJio, KOTopnarB saMeTaiorB bb neqn nocjrfc 
TonKM. OroHHHKT) jrhqarB Tanae saroBopoMB: „OroHB, otohb! 
r& Te6* MOKpw&, tfaft mh* cyxoft!". CjiOBa 9th npoHSHOcarB 
TpH»Au, Ror^a ^npnnajiHBaiOT'B oroHB% Maxaa Ha CHganjaro 
peSeHRa HoqeBKaMH hjih jiotromt>, bt> ROTopufi afeKVTB Myny, 
MHRorAa ^OTMHRaiorb oroHB 44 no TpeM*B 3apflMT> qepe3T> p*Ky 
hjih npy/n>, ecjH tojibro bt> tott> mom6htt> CBfcTHTCfl OrOHB BB 
AByxi> hjih Cojrfce H36ax*B o6b*x r b CTopoHTb AepeBHH. 

IIpH nOHOOtb flOflTB RpaCHBWB BHHOMB HJIH ROpMflTB CHBO 
pOTRoft. 

Ecjih y peSeHKa nptberm ho/tb MtimRaMH, bt> naxaxB hjih 
bt> cKJiaARaxi> rojkh Ha mei, to onpfejocTH 3acBinaiOTT> Rpax- 
MajiOMT>, qeqeBHHHoft MyRoS, ApeBecnofi qepBOToqHHOft, no- 
poniROWB, nojiyqeHHBiMT> ott> CRo6jieHifl ho»omt> „iepi0Ba 
najiBn,a a hjih npocToro ay6oBaro oSfcAGHHaro CTOjia, neqHBiMi» 
necROMi> h t. n. 

Ilpocmydueiuaeoc* RJiaAyrB pas/rfcTUMB Ha pacnapeenoe c*ho, 
paajioaeHHoe Ha acapRoft neqn, h hoatb MaTB-Maqexoft, sjiese- 

pOBfB, qepHOSBlJIOMT), a TaR«e COCTaBOBTB H3Tb KaRHXB-JLHfiO ab*- 

HaAUaTH pa3JiHqHBixT> jrfeKapcTBeHHBix'B pacTemfi, co6HpaeMBixT> 
Ha HBaHa Kynajiy (24 iiOHa) ne»Ay yTpeHefi h o6*AHeft. 

Otb csAc&y ouiaA&Hi^a yMBisaiOTB npeanymecTBeHHO Ha 
Tpex-B noporaxii csfcHceft boaoS, cnyo^eHHoft cb HaxoffHaro 
jihSo npHHeceHHaro H3B cbatbixt> Micro Rpecxa, bih cb sa* 



t) Cps. II o t 6 6 h h. 06xjtcueHie Majop. b cpoA*. nap. aio. I, c»p.9. P<d, 




POAHHLi H KPECTHHU BT> TYJbCKOft TYB. 



87 



MemKOBi> m*b <yraparo lepycajHica, bjih ctb hkohi», KOTopua 
y DOTpe6jifl JtHCb RorAa-HH6yA* Ha CBaAtfi* ajla (uiarocjiOBeHifl me- 
HHxa ct> H6B*CToft, hjih c*b yraoB-b o6*AeHHaro CTOJia, HJEH CT> 

rpOMOBBIX'B CTp-BUl*, HJIH 2R6, HaKOH6I^'B, CT> TpeX*b yrOJlBKOB'b. 

H3T> cpeACTBi> npoTHBT> oyano^ cw»m>mw (atrophia infantium) 
HSB^CTHta cjt^Ayion^ifl: a) Bepyr* sgmjih ct> Tpexi> nojeft u 
ABBflTb KpyweKi> boaw, noiepmiyToft Ha nrfectrfe ciiflHia ^Byxt 

pftKl*, H npHTOM'b TpH KpySKH DO T€MeHilO OAHOft p*KH, TpH 

npoTHBi> TeieHifl Apyroft h TpH npoTHBT* cefin, bt> tomt> m*ct*, 

TA* CXOAHTCfl CTpyH B0AT> 06%*%* pfcRTb. Cl> BTOft BOMJiefi, 

BOAofi h 6ojibBbiMT> pefteHKOM'E ho«ibk), wo6m hhkto as'b no- 
cropoHHHx^b He BHAaarb, HAyt"b Ha py6earb AByx«b 'CMe»HHXi» 
Me»Ay co6ok) senejiL paaHbix'b Bjra/rfcjibijeB'b h npHHec6HHMitn 

BOAOH) H 36MJiett, H pe ABapBTeXBHO CM*maBT> HXT> BIltCTfe, MOM)TT> 

CoJibHoro. BuMMTaro nepeKaTUBaio , rb cb 8emiH oahoto BJia- 
A*iM& Ha BeMjrio Apyroro. PySamRy aae, 6biBmyio ao BTOro 
Ha peSeHK*, ocTaBjufliorb Ha pySeac*. 6) Hotbid co6HpaKm> 
Tptt ropcTH 36MJH HB'b-noA'b Bepeft Tpexi> capaeBi) h «iepnaK>TT> 
boam H3i> Tpexi> ROJiOAueB'b. BoAy Harp*BaiOTb Ha sarHtTK-fe, 
ho He bt> cans oft neqn, h MfcinaiOTb ct> aeiHJiefi, a noTom> bw- 
jH3aK>Ti> crbosb pfcmeTo Ha roJiOBy ahthth, nocaaceHHaro bt> 
m&b no At MaTHijeio. b) PacRaabiBaforb orb Kopna *eTBepTH 
Ha Tpe MOJOAofl pacrymift Ay6oR*b h bt> o6pa30BaBmeecfl ot- 
Bepcrie npoTacKHBaiorb pefieHKa TpH»Aw bt» OAHy h tphhcah 
bt> Apyryio CTopoHy h BbiTacRHBaiorb ero OTTyAa roxitm, a 
HaA*Tyio Ha Heirb pyfiaiuRy ocTaBitaiOT'b bt> OTBepcriH Ay6a. 
r) Mjia#eHija KJiaAyrb Ha nocTeaeHHyio raepcTbio BBepx'b uiy6y 
h, OTpfedaBiHH MLVh Hen no MOHKy mepcTH y oojbHoro Bi>rojio- 
saxT>, Horax-b h noAi> cnHHoft, wfepaiOT'b cypoBoft bhtkoS 06* 
ero pyKH, ORpyatHocTb roJiOBw, Tojin^HBy h ct> 06'feHX'b cto^ 
poHi> A^HHy TyjoBHina. 3aTlwb, peSenKa moioti* toctoio boaoS;^ 
cb nOtSosReHHbiMH Ha Hee TpeMa yrojibBaHH. HHray KJiaAyTb B*b 
neqypKy, a nocjrb hxt» cpaBHUBaiorb Me»Ay co6ofl: ecjrH cm*- 
poKi> OAHoft pyKH ORaBUBaeTCH paBHHMT) cM'bpRy Apyroft H 
CM*poRT> npaBOft cTopoHbi TyjioBHma CM*pRy Ji*BOft, to pe6e- 
hokt> 6yAeTb «HB*b; ecM »e cm*prh ORaacyTca HepaBHUMH, TO 
oht> yjfpeTbt. PySaniKa, SbiBmaa ao BpeMeaH Ji^qeHia na 
MJiaAeHi;*, CHOBa H0«eTb roAHTbca kt> ynoTpeSjoceHiio junmb 



Digitized by 




88 



8TflOrPA*H<I£CKOE OB03P&HIB. 



Tor^a, Koraa ee BbinoiocRaioTb bt> pix* tphsau apoTiwb Te- 
Hema h TpH«Abi no TeqeHiio. a) CiaBHi-b peSeaxa Ha xaaxy 
oroxo crtHbi, pacTflrHBaicrb eicy pyra ropHsoHTaxbHO h Mfc- 
pfliorb ero cypoBoS hhtkoA. 3arbm>, otm*thbt> hokomt> Ha 
crfeH* BejHHHHy ero pocTa h A*HHy pym>, osypHBaiorb 6oju>- 
hoto, csnraa a*h BToro ct> xaAOHOifb hhthhmb ciifcpRH. 

/Jjifl cbneHifl AftTflTH bt> co6anbeU cmapocmu (tor* KpecTb- 
hh6 HasbiBaiorb to -me aTpoftHiecxoe cocToame Atoeft bt» 
nocjrfcRHeirb nepioA* ero pasBHTia) xh6o naparb ero bm*ct* 
ct> n^eHKOHi* bt> nena h, yaapafl BfeaHROirb to ORHoro, to Apy- 
roro, roBopHTb: „meHOKT>! bosbmh cbok> CTapocTb! tt (3-sau); 
m6o BaTaiorb no tbxy 6o*bHoro Ryconeirb xjrfe6Haro MflBHma 
a oTAaion> cb*CTb oAHoraepcTHot co6ax*fe. 

Be* H3J0«eHHBie cnoco6bi xfcqema cyxoi ctAhh h coCanbett 

CTapOCTH npHM^HHIOTCfl JIHfflb HO CpeAaiTB H nflTHHD.aM'b. 

KorAa peCeHKy bt> RaRofi-HHtiyA* 6ox*3hh He noMoraerb hh- 
RaRoe rtRapcTBO, to ero HHorAa „nepepa*HBaK)Tb u . MaTb 

CtaHOBHTCfl Ha M*CTO HpOHCXOffHBHIHX'b pOAOBT>, 6epeTb 

peSeHKa h vt noMombio npH3BaHHoft 6a6RH ao Tpexi> paa% 
nporacRHBaerb ero iepe3*b Boporb CBoefi copo^RH csepxy 

BHHSli. 

3a6aBaMH axh jxfbrelk cxyxarb to npocToe osHaxoiueHie 
ch HaaGoxfee HHTepecyionptMH hxt> npeAMeTaMH hxh xerao ao- 
CTynHUMH hxt» noHHMaaiio HBxeBiaMH, to pasxHiaue, cneijiaxbHO 
, HaaHaieHHue axh hhxt> arpu h cthxh. HanpHM*pT>, CTapa- 
lorcfl paaBxeHb peSeraa apxHicb ipftTOirb orHa, paay6paHH0it 
bt> pa3HoaB*THbie xocRyTRH Ryaxoft, nocTyRHBaHbeirb acexfea- 
Hoft norpeMyniKoft, Maccoft 3ByROBT>, spuBaion^Hxca BApyn>B*b 
yma opu saxpuBaHiH a oTKpuBamH nocxfeABHX'b xaAOHHMH, 
h t. n. /Jajrfce, MxaAeHija noA^pacuBatorb BBepxi>, meaoqyrb, 
3a6aBXHiOTb ero ,,copoRofl u , M xaAynncaMH u h ApyniMH o6n*e- 

H3BfeCTHbIMH H OHHCaHHblMH l ) HrpaMH. HtO Se KBCaeTCfl 

ynoMOHyTbix'b cthxobt>, to ohh, xotr HHorAa npeACTaBxaion» 

C060K> 6e3CMbICJIHU,y, HO 3a TO pHOMOBaHM H HpHBHTCfl a*- 

THirb HCHBOCTbio h CbiCTpoTOH) CBoero npoHsaomeHix, a TaK»e 



I) Cm. ,9th. 06. u ib. VI: ,Po*xeni6 i Bocnmude rti«t n nonezoecKon 
yiaxi, flpocj ry6.* 9 A. Bajoba. 




POJHHbl U KPBGTHHU Wb TYAbCRofi I7B. 89 



T4M1>, TOO BT> H&BOTOpUXl> HS'b HHXT> yM&JO SftTpOTil B&6TCA 

jkhiboctb peSeuKa: to euy nsejuca yposua bi» porb Me^ny, 
to KaKaa-TO 6a(fca, OflfcJMa pefiarb rpH6ann, eMy nana, 6oai»me 
rtpyrHXT> h t. n. Bott>, HanpHMfep'b, RaxoBu bth cthxh: 



Kor#a He HHRanifl noffo6HHH pasBje^eeia He A^ScTByiorb 
Ha naaqymee ahth, to MaTepa h hhhbkh npH6feraKm> rt> 3a- 
nyrHBaHiio ero paanbiMH pascRasaHH npo cTapHROBi>, nonoBt, 
ROTopue 6y^TO 6u xoffarb ci> cyMott h co6HpaK)Tb bt> Hee 
pe6an>, npo boxrobt> cb orHeHHHMH rjasasni h t. n., hjih »e 
ycnoKOHBaiorb peOeHRa ROJibifieJibHUMH h^chahh. H nocjrfcABia 
ABjiaiOTCfl qanje Bcero gpyroro jrbftcTBHTejiBBbiM'B cpeACTBom> 
He TOJibKO ycaoROHTb, ho h ycHHHTb pe6eHRa. 9to BDOJIH* 
ycirbfflHo AocTHraerc*, Sjiaro^apa rjaBHbiifb o6pa8om> THxoaiy 
h OAHoo6pa3HOMy Han*By RoxbiSejibHbix'b n*cem>, Roropuft 
ycnoROHTejibHo rt^ScTByerb Ha yTOMJieHHiae hobumh sneTOT- 
jritaiflMH hjih pascTpoeHHue t&mt* HH6yAb uepBhi ahthth h 
napaxnayerb ero Mosroayio flfcaTe jibho ctb . Ho, o6pamaa Ha 
ce6a BHHMHHie esonirb Han&BOirb, bth nfcCHH npeACxaBJUiOTb 



1. 

Hieaaa jerkja, 

ypOVBJa 

IIpJiMO AHTflTXi Bt pOTOXl. 

Mex* box* roxosaiiH, 
Caxapt box* Horaiul 

2. 



HyniBH-6ymu 
He najeHH, 

He cbo6j6hh. 



Ryxa KaTHn&ca? 
On Mopi XQ aopa. 
Taxi cbxbt* cosa, 
Ce6t CHHft poijua: 
Hbabey— CreBaauy, 
noBa-aoporamay, 
AypHyD aoxasay. 
C*ja 6a6a aa oapaaa, 
nocKaaaaa bo ropaa*. 



Ilopa naiHTb, 
Hopa cbooibt*! 

By6ea*, tiyoea*! 
Cnxb Ha 6ouy, 
Ilpoxafi cbod xowy 
3a aoero chh&. 
y aoero chba cbhb bock*, 
Cotiaaa tfopsm. 
Bioxa Boxcxovua, 
Obhh aaaamal 
4. 

KysbBa-RysDTKa! 



rajKB-xoxiymaH, 
ToiKan-npopoBB 
ma bo xopoxai, 
HaBfn aaaatay. 

B* woft Biunwi Bopooei cbxbt*, 
HaoH roaopan. 



mia 6a6aa c* saxopui, 

Hecja aysoBoa*. 

B* tom* ayaoBOvai 

Jeman rpaCoua: 

Koay — rpati*, *ony — x*a t 

A ?e6ft, xbtjtbo, Becb aysosoail 



6. 



Digitized by 




90 



8THOrPA*U<!BCKOK OB03PUHIE. 



ropasAo 6ojn»mift HHTepecb co cropoHM neAarorireecKHX'b h 
noBTHqecKux-h aoctohhctb , l . Bt> noATBepacffeHie cnpaBe/yiHBOCTH 

BUCRaSaHHUXli CJOBT* npHBOAHM1> HtCKOJIBKO C06paHHHXT> HRMH 

9tuxt> n*ceHT>. 



KOTHKt — KOTOKl, 
CtpHfl XB0CT0XI, 

HJefisa TBOfl 
BijoropjHCT&Ji! 

II|)HJkH, KOTBK7>, HOMeBatb, 

Moe ahtatro KanaTb, 
HpaoavKflBaTb, 

HpUJDIDKBIiaTft! 

Ba»iuM-6aD, 
Ba» xbionKj mod! 

A Te64 KOTy 

3a pa6o?y aania^y: 

Aam KOH6HT, napora, 

J[SL KyBBIBB'b MOJlORa, 

Ha BejiHaii nocrb. 

Bananta — 6a» h npoi. 
QomeAi kothsi bo jtbcok*, 

HpHHeCl EOTHKS BOBCOKt, 

IIpHBJisaji 8a jDjeiay 
noaavaji (huh pe<5eBKa) 

BaDmsK — 6ax> a npo*. 
Moi AHT^T&a! chh, 
A KOTa AOHofi nycM. 



Cipoay lOTy 
Eny AOMa Hexocyri: 
KoTy cHHa ateHBTb, 
Eay iihbo BapHTt. 
Hac% ao DMHa nanoHTt! 

Ba»mM— 6a» a np. 
2. 

y ELOTH&a, y KOTa (UAU BOpKOTa) 

KoiHoejbxa xopoma, 
A y (bna pe6e0aa) 
Eme lysine ero. 

Ban, 6a», 6a», 6al! 

Eme lyvme ero. 
y BOTHaa, y «ora 
noAymevxa Biicoaa, 
A y MMiaro aoero 
Eme jynme ero. 

Ba», 6*a», 6a», 6a8! 

Eme jy*me ero. 
y xoTaxa, y KOTa 
OAfajsa xopoma, 
A y Mwaro xoero 
Eme jy^me ero. 

Ea», 6a», 6a», <5aa! 

Eme jyime ero. 



TaKHMi> o6paaoMT> nepe^HCjunorb h Apyrin npjOHaAJieaHOCTH 

A'feTCKOft QOCTeJIH. 



8. 

Kothki 6*jeBLKifi, 
Xbocthri c-BpeHbKifi! 

XOAHT-B KOTH&l HO CD D DDI KAMI, 

A Ape Ma ero cnpamBBaert: 

— n rA* (ax* pe6euaa) cabti, 
TAi AiToua je*HTi? a 

Ea»iDRH-6a», 
Ban a'btkj modI 

— Obi h cbbti h lexHTt 
Ha bucokomt, CTOj6y; 

Iia bscokob* ctoj6y, 



Ha Toieiiomb opycy, 
Ha cepi6pjtBom xpi>xy, 
Ha ineiKOBHxi. hoboabxi,; 
UIhth 6paHH noxora, 
HoAymeiita bbcorb. 

Ba»iBJtH-6ai) a np. 
Maaymu, babdbirb, 
Cxoahtoc* aoieBaTb, 
Moe abtjitko xa^aTo, 
A bh, cbbbhb xiBymBB, 

IIpB6ai)KBBaTb. 

Eauatx*-<5aio a up. 



Digitized by 



Google 



POffHHM H KPKCTHHbl BTb TTJIBORO& TVB. 91 



KUIVAilflilMl AAILBTaA / a m\ 

OupOCTeOlb DOJbnOH 


— DO BHCOBOMli TcpeMy, 


ByX6HB C?aCTABBH&, TajaHIlBllft 


II OA* KpaCBIBMli OKHOMl, 




3a mHTHMi, 6paHEmi> bojojkkobi, 


DjACuIb B1» oOMQTd XOAHTb, 


O Q WIY7S***BB Ct Bit BtffT AVAB) r»S>M«l • 

ua XpyCTUDHUlll CTeKJOJtt>j 


OOJOTH SOJbl^a HOCHTb, ^ZJ 


Lf /\ * * tl BB AAf\AAn flltUB 

iwJbua CrpeopflHUJI, 


KaMsy boio^hw, 


Upotfofiiiu BOJoneBBie, 


A oGhocoikh 6yiemb jutpvTb 


nojmtnovH mejiOBBB, 


MaMymaajfi, HaBDiasaMil 


0*4*1 wie MHBiypeBbBoet 


BaDi0KH-6ftD h np. 


Gra 1 yens, yrovoBi t66b BoabMn! 


HilBDOIKaMl Ha leflTOIICB, 


Cbb no Hp^aMx, 


OIJB Blurb JUByBJK&Ml nil fp&pTj 4&H j 


POOTH BO ULCBJIS), 


IYL040A**>1> MOJOJK*M» Ha RUSUIU- 


£>HpOCTBBlb BfiUBl , 


HH7EB, 


ByAemb bi> bojotb xoahti, 


KpacBum x'BB&aii'b sa hobobhb^kh, 


Bt> OBpetip'B BOBHBaTbt 


A CTapBun OT&py ha bo - 


" 0* 


RASA VI tf 




Ba»niui-6aJD a np. 


Biua Mama iHxa; 


4. 


Oaa 6flja BOTa, 


Com £a Jipeaa, 


IIpHroBapBfiajia: 


IIpBAB Jit (md>i pe6eH&a) bt» rojoaa! 


He xoab, aorb, bo *Bopaii», 


Coh* xo^bti no ctuajii, 


He aaiaft ^ya^ax'b pe6aTi. 


ApeiUl-TQ BO HOBUM-b. 


6. 


Cohb ijpeMy cflpamHBaiTO, 


y»b th, Apenymaa-Apeiia, 


A Apexa caasHBaeTi: 


UpaxH ki (ana peoeBaa) bi> roioBat 


— Tjii (bxa peoeaaa) cnnrb, 


ApeMymaa-ApeMA 


KoJMi^eiwia r*i bhcbti? 


Ho apoyj.oi*y tfpeia... 



/Jajiie y6aK)KHBaioiuafl ahth, HasuBan no EM6Haifi> aomo- 
xo3fleBi> CBoefi aepeBHH, ■ HaA*JifleTT> otb juma hxi> flpeniy 
ujaTqaine^KOM'b, aoBoflHH^KOMb, K)6qeH0^iKofi^ nyjioqKaMH h 
t. n., hjih «e 0TKa3HBaeTi> eft bt> btomt> 

— Ha 3xopoBbe retf*, ABAOTbDmaa! 
Illja aama Apeaa, 
Bxoib bo yjHut nponua, 
3anua Hama jcpeira 
fii Aje&ciD Ha abou*. 

AieKcAeaa seaa, 
Obb DoraT&B 6 ma: 
Ona Bjanme i&m. 

— Hy, cnacaoo Te6i, ABBymaa! 

— Ha sxopoBie Tetift ipeMymaa! 
7. 

Kvm, bbv, aava! 
npHieTftu K&.BBjim tpara. 



y» th, xpeirymBa xpena, 
3aftj|B rt. CeMeay aa A0op%. 
GeseHOBa aeaa 
niatiBBiew) xaja. 

— Hy cnacH6o Te6i, MapbDoiaa! 

— Ha siopoBie fete, ipeMyioKal 
lilia sama ipeiia, 

Bxoxb bo yjfltii nponua; 
3anua aama jrpena 
Ki HsaHy Ha wop*. 

Kaai Ebbhobb ateHa 

Hntro ae aa**. 

— Hy, cnaci6o re&h, xpeMynKa! 



Digitized by 



BTflOrPAWWCKOK OB03PfcHlK. 



Howuumcb bb neiB. 
Th, xuuama, ae uau: 
Hco6H6mi Te04 uuan, 
HaTepTBt apyToft, 
C* Bocepetipeaoft xyrofi! 

8. 

Ba»m*i-6a»! 

Sabot* Oexopi ua span. 
0e% bb 6ixeB%, bb 60 ran, 
Boxaa xaTa pe6m. 
Be* bo xaaoixajia cum, 
Kamxy ci Haciaaen iwr*. 

Be* b& oepesai bbcjto. 
Bepeaxa-To cxpaoi, cxpani! 
A th (bbj petfeaaa) cob, cbbI 
0. 

Ea»miB><5a»! 
He joxbci aa Kpar: 
Tetfa Miuua ctkn, 
A EopoBaa non 6o?xa, 
He xacT* Hoiovaa. 
10. 

Hy, 6a»-6aD! 
Ba© xBmxy hod! 
Ilpaxen CTaprf cTapatea*, 
XBopocTBBXol Bocfaen; 
Oh* 8a to nocfaera, 

ItO TH HMO BOYbX) CBBDIB, 

Ho floian Bcerja apraaal , 

11. 

BaDmKB-6ai)! 
KoiOTjineKt Baxax>. 
Baft 1a jdjbI 

XOTb BHBB yapa. 

y aaci rpeuxa aa Toay, 

H 6jBHOB«b Haneay, 

A Te6a, XBTJTsy, 

Ha aorocn noi(o)ioay. 

BaaTpa Moposa, 

A Tefa aa norocri. 

A cojobh Baoixy, 

fl 6ibbob* Banesy. 

Iloflxy XBTBTBy DOHMflaTb, 

nosy UpDxo BatiBiaTB. 



BaiDBUH-OBDl 

He xoataca aa xpax), 
3ayTpo aopoaa, 
A Te6a aa hopocti! 
Aixynaa npHierw, 
rpotioa* flpaaecen; 
Ba6yaua npaxera, 
Xojctbbbb Bpaaecen; 
Marymxa npaxen, 
rojocoiex* upoaexera; 
BaTDBoa npaierb, 
Ha norocrt oTaecen. 
Baa>BULB-6aa>t 
KojOTyawRi bmbdI 
IS. 

Uomei* aosexa aa xaxavB, 
Ilomia aoaa aa opixaxa. 

npBmeii aoeeA ex ihx&mb, 

Kobh ioaa aln. 

H*t* aoBH c% oprBxaaa, 

H*t* kobh c% xaxeaHBB! 

— IIoroxB xce th, aosa: 
Haoymy aa to6x boxbobx! 

Hefixyro B0JKB kobh Bcaan>. 
Rbti ko8h ca opftxaxB, 
H-bti B03H ca xajeaHHB. 

— IIoroiB ate bm, boxxb: 
Hanymy aa Baca iDxefl! 

Jbub BeftxynBOxxoBiroBBTb, 
Bojxb Beftxyn bobh Bcaara, 
H4t* K03H c* opaxavB, 
H*t% bobh ca xaxeaHMB. 

— IIoroxB se bh 9 jk>xb: 
HaauD aa aac* aexaixa! 

Metaax* Betxer* xi>xeft jo- 

HBTa. 

Jdxb aeftxyn bojkobi ro- 

BBTfc B Bpoi. 

— HoroxB se th, Hexaixa: 
HaauD bb to6x oroatl 

Oroaa aeftxen xexaaxx aa- 

XBTBf 

Meiaix* Beftxen x»xeft xo- 
hbtb b apoi. 



Digitized by 



POftHHU H KPECTHHM BT> TyjBCKOft ITB. 93 



— Iloroxa ate. th, oroflb: 
Hanux> he Tefa a aoxy! 

Boxa aeaxen oroab im, 
Oroab aefixen aexBixa aa- 
JBTk i apo*i. 

— Aotipo ate th, Boxa: 
Hamix) Ha re6a 6moni\ 

Bhbb Beftxyn Boxy mm, 
Boxa aelxerb oroab im, 

■ B|)OH. 

— flotfpo se bh, 6heb: 
Haaujo Ha aaci xyfoa! 

Xytiba Befixyn Ghkobi 6htb 9 
Bhbb aefixyti Boxy nan., 
b apoi. 

— Xetfpo me ra t xytfu: 
Rami» Ha b*ci Toaop*! 

Toaopi aefixen xyfoa py- 
6htb, 

£ j6h* Beixyn 6hkobi 6ht& 
b npoi. 

— IIoroxH ae th, roaopv 
Hanux> aa tb6j aaaem.! 

Kaaeiib Heflxerb Tonopi sy- 

6pBTb, 

Toaop* aefixm xyGba py- 

6btl B VpOY. 

— Iloroxa me aajieBb: 
Haaix) aa ts<Sji ropy! 

r©pa Heixen- aaa eab xbbbtb, 
KaM6H& neflxen Toaopi sy- 

6pRTb H HpOI. 

— Boroxa ate th, ropa: 
Ham© be Tetia lepaeft! 

Hepaa BeaxyT* ropyTOWb, 
Topa Beftxerb Kajfenb xa- 

BBTb H npOH. 

— flotfpo ate bh, iepBa: 
Hanoi) be sac* ryceft! 

Tyca BOfixyrb lepiefl ue* 



HepaH HefixyTi ropy Tomb, 
■ spot. 

— Ao6po me bh, ryca: 
HaauD aa sac* opial 



Opei-s aeftxera ryceft Bep- 
TaTb, 

ryca Beftiyr* lepBeft axe- 
Ban a npoi. 

— IIoroxH so th, opeji: 
HanuD Ha re6a coioia! 

Goaoji noierfcji opxa mn- 
naTb, 

Open craas ryceft BepTarb, 
ryca crajH qepaeft uesaTb, 
Hepaa ctbjh ropy tototb, 
Topa CTaxa aaaeab xaaarb, 
KaaeHb CTaii> Tonopi sy- 

tipBTb, 

Toaop* crai* Kj6hn pyfaTb, 

Ajfoa CTMB 6HBOBI <$BTb, 

Bataa craja aoxy Barb, 
Boxa CTaia oroab jbtl, 
OroHbCTaj* aexBixa najarb, 
MexB3ib ctwi iDjeft 10- 
aaTb, 

JfoftB CTaJM BOJBOBl rOBBTb, 

Boxaa CTaxa aoay aexaTb. 
Haaua icoy c% opiaaaa, 
Haaua aoey ci BaieaHaa. 

— Bon* Te64, hoboji, aoaa ci 

opfccaaa, 
Bot* Te6i soda ct» aajeBHaa! 
M. 

— Ba6ynaa BapBapymsa! 
rx* th 6hjb? 

— Roaefi trreperja. 

— H rxfc m% bohh? _ 

— 3a BopoTa ynua 

— Txi me Bopora? 

— Boxofi caecjo. 

— Tx* *e Boxa? 

— Bhsb bobhib. 

— Txi ate 6aaa? 

— 8a 6yrpH yaua. 

— Tx* *e 6yrpH? 

— HepBa BHTOWB. 

— rx* xe lepaa? 

— ryca BHuesajiH. 

— Txb me ryca? 



Digitized by 



Google 



94 



9TH0rPA*HHPQS0B OB03P&HIB. 



— Bi TpocTHBKi yjajiH. — T^i xe uyxuL? 

— Fa* xe TpocTHBKi? — Ha Bofiay ynua. 

A-BB&H BHJOMaJH. — Xe BOHHa? 

— Ta* xe a*bkh? — UocepeA* r,..a, 

— 3a Myxwi yawn. 

Pa3CMRTpHBafl BOJTBlCeJIBHBIH nfcCHH, HIiI BHAHBTb, HTO OHt 

npeACTaBjaiOT'b codoft HefiojiBniie, ho 6oju>ineio qacTiio npe- 
KpacHue pascsaabi^ bdojih* npacaocoSJieHBue kt> A*TCBo*iy 
noHHMaHiio m aobojebho apBO BBipaasaiomie nyBCTBa seHn^HHid 
KTb CBoeaiy peSemcy 1 ). 

IIpeAMeTH, npeAJaraeniwe bt> btuxt> n*fecnflXT> BHHMaHiio 

AHTHTH, B3HTBI H3T> O&HaCTH ThXJ> HBJieHifl, CT> KOTOpblMH pe6e 
HOBl> 3HUKOMHTCA paHfce npOHarO. TaK1>, 3A*CB MM BCTp*THlTb 
H Ct SfcaBlflTB XBOCTliKOMT> Cfepai'O KOT», KOTOpBlfi DOITH BCerfta 
HpaBHTCfl AtTflflTb, R CTapHKa CT> BOJEKOBTb, KOTOpWMH HXT> TRKT> 

nyraiOT-b hhhbkh, h AP^My bt> o6paa* nonpomaftKH, HanoMH- 
Haioiijefi co6oio hhh^hxi^ BOTopux'B npHxoAHxca hmb bmla^tb 
nyTL He KawAuft ashb, h t. a* TOMy »e, bc* bth apeAHeTU 
HapoAHaii *aHxa3ifl sacTaBJiflerB hchtb. jiamB toio «m«hbh), koto- 
pafl ftunraa pe6eHKy h Moserb ero sariHTepecoBaTB. Kotb, Ha- 
npHMtp'B, xoamtt> h KaHaera pe6aTi>: ApeMa 6poAHrB no abo- 
paMT>, coSnpaerB ce6fc HapaA'B a& paacnpaniHBaerB, r^b kto 
H3i> A^Teft cdhtb; CTapHKi> HaKaauBaerB GajOBaHHBixi* h aa- 

npflSHfalX'b peSHTB, H T. H. Ub BTOfl CTOpOHBl B0£Bl6e£bHBIfl 
OtCHH npeACTaBUIOT'B C06oft MOAT* MHOrOB'fcfiOBOft HapoAHOft 

A*flTejiBHOCTH no BocnHTaHiio A*Tett, h, bt> OTHomemH BBi6opa 
coAepacaHia h ywr&Hbfl hsjiojkhtb ero b*b cthxotbophoS *opif* 
BecBMa npocTO, HarjiHAHO h aapTHHHo, owh aBuiOTCfl npe- 
KpacHbiMi) co3AaHi6M r B neAarorHHecBaro HapoAHaro renin. 

ftajorfee, pe6eHOBT>, Baa* h3b*ctho, Bo»6ywAAerB bt> Aym* 
ateHm,nHbi paajraqHBifl lyBCTBa: to oht> cocTaB-iaerb am nen 
OTpaAy bt> HacTonmeMB h HaReatffy bt> 6yAymem>, to npej- 
CTaBjraeT'B cofiofi ne wo HHoe, BaicB ooyay. CooGpaaHO ct> 

9THBTB BT> BOJBlSeJlBHMX'B nfeCHJIX'B Mbl BHAHfifb TO 06pa3T> 

H*»Hoft h jnoSnmei CBoe ahth MBTepn, to rpySoft HeHaBRAfl- 
meft CBoero peSeHBa aceHmHHH. OrpaCTHafl j«o6obb nepaofi 



Cm. o(Ji prom* ct&tbk) i!. Bemyxoea „3THorp. Q6o3p. tt XIII— XV. Fed. 



Digitized by 



Google 



POflHHH H RPECTHHBI B1> TYJBCRO& ITB. 



95 



aacTaBjiHerb eft H3i> CBoero penepTyapa BbifiiipaTB tojtbro 
caMMfl npiflTHLifl flja pe6eaKa d^chh, HanpHM'fep'b, npo 6ea- 
o6HAHyio ApeMy, npo jracROBaro jcothrb h t. n., pncosaTB 
npeAi> HHwrb b b npHBJieRaTejii>HBixi» qepTarb HeH3B*cTHoe 6yAy- 
mee h ffaace npHRpamnBaTh nacTo HenpnriiHAHoe Hacroamee. 
HejiioSoBB se BTopoft sacTasJuaerB ee TaroraTBCH cbohhtb 
pe6eHKOMT» h bt> ero CMepra bha^tb ajih ce6a oahht* tojibko 
bhxoa'b H3i> CBoero HenpiaTiraro nojosemfl, eAHHCTBeBayio 

B03MOHCHOCTB OCBOSojIHTBCfl OT0> MHOrOIHCJieHHBIX'b 06peMeHH- 
TejrBHMXT> XJOnOTB. BOTB n09TOHy-TO MM BT> H'feKOTOpMX'b H3T> 

npHBe AeHBBi xt> naMH nfcceH* bhahmt>, wo cMepxB peCeHKa 
npeACTaBJHfleTT> co6oio hA^to jKeaaeMoe, botb nonejiy OHa 
onncMBaeTCfl sa^cb ct> TaKHMi> yAHBHTeJBHBiBTB eescepAeqieMi^ 
co Bceio peajib hoctbio h cBTaKOio BosMyraTejiBHOio rpyriocxBio!.. 

06cT&HOBKa ct> BuuieonncaHHBiMH cyeB^piflMH^ 3a6aBaMH, 
KOjnafiejBHbiMH d*chhmh oKpyataerb peGeHKa jthhib bt> nopy 
ero MJiaAeHqecTBa, ho OHa H3M*HHexcfi, KorAa ahth buxoabtb 
HS'b-noA'B HaA3opa hrhbrh h HaqHHaerB jkhtb Sojrfee hjh Meirfee 
caHOCTOflTeJBHO. OoacaHie 9Toro nepioAa pfrTCxoft jkhshh Mo- 
wer* cocTaaHTb ocoShift 8THorpa*Hqec«ifl oiepRi>. 



A. Mb. ycneHCNiR. 



Digitized by 




M3T> 3AnAAH0-EBP0nEfiCK0R 3TH0rPA<t>HHECK0fl ilHTE- 

PATyPU. 



Hob wit nr/MAi Ha NCTopin npoHcxowAeHia centbit. 

(Dr. Ioh. Richard Mucke: Horde tmd FamUie in ihrer wrgachiektU- 
chen Mntwickehmg . Eine neue Theorie aaf statistischer Grundlage. (Stuttgart. 
1895, 8«, CTp. XIX+308). 

Ha CTpaHHn,axT> „9THorpa*HiecEaro OSospfcHta" mm npn- 
xoffiuocb He pa3i> KacaTBCfl fiOBbixi> bbimhiaob'b sa Bonpocu o 
npoHexoHCAemH ccmlh, pa3BHTifi 6paxa h poACTBa. DoflBjieHie 
bt> jiHTepaTyp* aa nocjr*AHee BpeBia cpaBHHT&iBHO onenb 3Ha- 
iHTeABHaro KoanqecTBa TpyAOBT>, nocBflmeHBuxt paapaGoTK* 
ynoMHHyTMXT> BonpocOBi*, He voserb ue CTHTaTBc* xapanep- 

HBUfb BT> HCTOpiH dTHOrpattiH! effBa-JIH MOXeTB 6UTB COMH*Hie 
BT> TOMT>, HTO npHHHHOft BTOrO flBJiemfl CJ&fry QTb CHHTaTB flpe«- 

Ae Bcero H&KOTopyio ney AOB«ieTBopeH h o ctb coBpeMeHBBixi> yne- 
HLixt noJOHcemaMH, BBiCTaBjeHHBiMH rocD OACTByiomefi Teopiefl; 
HecoMHtHHO, hto 3a nepioAi>, HCTeKmift orb Haiajta nocTaHOB- 
hh bthxt>, HaH6oAe HHTepecHbixi> h noatajyti h HanSojrbe 
cjEosHBix'b BonpocoBi> Hameii HayxH, Ha cepbe«Hyio, HayHHyio 
nonsy — ao HacTOHmaro BpeiieHH sanacb 8TBorpa»HHecKHXi> 

CB'BA'feHifi 3HRMHT6JIbBO B03pOCT>, HTO BM*CT* CT> pOCTOMT> erO, 

pfcmeHie Bonpoca o npoHCxo»AeHiH ceHLH He toibko He 
ynpocTHJtocB, ho CKopte, HaoSoporb, boihjio bt> Gojrbe cjojk- 
Hyio CTaAiio. BeecTH HcnpasJieHifl bt> rocnoACTByiomyio Teopiio 
Ha ocHOBaBUH HM*K>marocH naynHaro MaTepiaaa, ocb^thtb ee 

EIH Aa»e BHAOH3M*HHTb Ha OCHOBamH nOCJltAHflrO — HBJfleTCfl 

CTpeMJteHieM'b pasHBix'b aBTopoBi>, nocBflmaiomHXT> hobuh moho- 
rpaoiH HCTopin pasBHiifl ceiteftHaro h o6m,ecTBeHHaro 6wTa y He- 
Kyjn>TypHMXT> HapoAHOCTeft. HacTb aBTopoBT> npHHHja, he Ham-b 
Bsr^flA'b cosepmeHHO npaBMbHwS MeroA*: npHBHaBa* HeyAO- 
b j[6tb op HTe jebh octb MaTepiaaa axh pfememfl nocTaueHHUX'b 
BonpocoBT*, bth aBTopu cTapaiOTCH npe»A6 acero RpHTHqecn 
ocbibthtb HMfoonjiftcfl y»e BiaTepiajn>, aar&irb aodojhhtb ero 
H3yqeHieMT> 6brra HeKyjbTypHHXT> HapoAHOCTeft, CB*A*HiH o6t> 




H3T> 3 A n AflHO-EBPOIIEflCK . BTHQrPAfc. JIHTEP ATY PH . 97 



o6mecTBeHHOMT> h ceMeflHOM'b CTpo* KOTopwxT> cjiy WHJH npeHMy- 
mecTBeHHO ocHOBarnHMH fljra noATBepacffeHifl hjih onpoBepweHia 
•roil hjih HHoft HayqHoft TeopiH. dTvuvb nyxeMi) mejn> Mewffy npo- 
5hmi» h KyHOBT>, h HacKOJiBKO HHTepecHbie h BawHue pesyjibTaTu 

MOTKHO flOSblTb, DOJIBSyflCb 8THMT> MeTOflOlTb, flJia HCTOpiH paSBHTifl 

ceMtH BOo6me,Mbi cTapaoracb noKa3aTb bt> aaM*TK*, nocBameH- 
Hofi i^*HHoft pa6oi"b KyHOBa o6t> aBCTpajriftijax'b (cm. „9THorpa- 
*nqecKoe 06o3p*Hie a , kh. XXVII). frpyrie &BTopbi npeffnow- 
TaiOTi ,H36npaTb HecoMHfcHHO Sojrfee jierRitt nyTb TOJtROBaiiiH h 
ocB*meHifl cymecTByiomaro MaTepiaaa, npHqearb bt> s&bhch- 

HOCTH OTb OCHOBHOft TO^KH 3p*nifl, Ha KOTOpyK) CTaHOBHTCfl 

aaHHbift aBTopT>, TOTb-ae MaTepiajra cjysanb mh ocBtmeHia 
6biTa HeKyjibTypHHxil tureMeH-b to co cTopoHM BKOHOMHqecKoft, 
to ct» o6ii^ecTBeHHo npaBOBofi. Mm He xothmt> cicasaTb, qTO 

9THMT> HyTeifb ffOCTHraiOTCfl flJlfl HayKH HCK«IK)qHTeJIbHO JIHIDb 

OTpHn;aTejibHbie pe3yjn>TaTN, qTO KOMOHHHpyeMbitt to t*mi> to 
HHbiBfb nyTeM r b MaTepiajrb He shocks'* qacTHbix^ AonojiHemft bt> 
rocnoACTByiomie bsimihaiiI, He orapuBajTb jua HayKH no^qacb 
HOBbixT> nepcpeKTHB b; ho cOBpeMeHHbie yqeHbie, HieAraie BTHM'b 
nyreMT>, KaKT> mh cTapajiHCb ynasaTb Bb npeAmecTByiomHx'b 
oqepKaxii, He 6bijH bt> cocTOHHin, ao nacToamaro speMeHH no 
KpaftHeft M*p*, nomaTHyTB BbipaGoTaHHhix-b npeamecTByiomiiMH 
Tpy^aMH ochobhmxt> no-aoweHifl HayKH no yKa3aBHUMi> Bonpo- 
cumt,, BCJi*ffCTBie qero h caMO noaujieHie ijoao6hlixt> paGort 
bt» HCTopin nayRH 3HaMeHyerb CKopte CTpemieHie oracKaTb 

HCTHHy, q*M'b OaKTB OTKpblTifl en. 

Ki> qncjy aBToposi nocirfeflHeft KaTeropin cjrfeflyerb npw- 
qncjHTb h npooeccopa CTaraciMKH npn lOpbeBCKoarb yHHBep- 
CHTeT* r. Myne, HecoMHtHHO He Maoio noTpyflHBmaroca Ha«b 
BHpa6oTKofi CBoeft HOBott TeopiH. 

Bi npe^HCJiOBiHr. MyKesaaBjaerb, qTO oht> 03ai\iiaBHjrb cBofe 
Tpy^t Teopieft, nocTpoeHHofi Ha ocHOBaniH cththcthkh oTToro, 
qTO pesyjibTaTw ero Tpy«a ocHOBaHH He ur anpiopBMxi> bsmh- 
Aaxi>, ho B03BefleHbi bt> cncTesiy Ha ocHOBamH aHarasa h chh- 
Te3a, qTO Boo6m,e jran;a, saHHMaiomiHca BTHorpa&aqecKHMH H3H- 
cKaHiflMH, nocTynHJiH 6bi xoporao, eciH-6hi Combine osHaKOMH- 
jiHCb ci> MeTOAOJiornqecKofi HayKofi o6t> HBaeHiaxT.. Ynpeirb, 
qTo 9TH0rpaa>M Bt nocTpoeHin cbohxt* nojioweHiti noJibayiOTCJi 

*aKTRMH, BUXBaqeHHblMH T CK. H3T> 6bITa BapOAHOCTefl 6e3T> 

oOpameHia BHHMamfl Ha oSmyio KyjibTypy 3thxt> nocJifcflHHX'b, — 
cjbiinHTCH 3a nocjrbAHee Bpemi He bi> nepBbift pa3T>, h Hejibsa 
He co3HaTBCfl^ qTo ohii ABJiaeTca ^0 H3BliCTHofi cTeneHH o6ocho- 

BaHHWM'b, XOTH CT> OAHOfi CTOpOHbl 0H1> ffaJieKO He MOKeTb 6blTB 

CA^JiaHb SojibniHHCTBy yqeHHXTj, HanpaBjnaion^HX'b cboh chjibi 
Ha HSucKaHia ochobhlixt> 3aR0H0Bi> pa3BHTia qejOBLqecTBa, a 

morpA^nscKOi ono3P*nni. XXYTI. 7 




98 



BTHOrPAOHHKCKOE 0E03PUHUS. 



ct> ffpyroft — btottj ynpeirb, ffawe bt> rhx'b cjyqaax'b, Kor^a oht> 
cnpaBeAJiHB*, yKa3UBaerb cKopiie na HenpaunjibHocib yBae<ie- 

Hifi npHHflTMHT> BT> 9TH0rp*L$iH MeTOftOM-b, H*M'b Ha HenpHBHJLb- 

Hocxb caMaro MeTOffa no cymecTBy. KaKHMT>-ace mctoaom b non»- 
syeTca r. Myne a-m nocTpoeHia cBoeft Teopin o iipoHcxoHfAemii 

CeMbH? „ECJBH Mbl XOTHMT> DpHCTyDHTb KT> H3CJL^OBaHilO 6e2 f b 

npeAB3flTbix f b BsrjiHAOBTb, nHiuerb r. MyKe, mm aojukhw npn- 
HflTb, ito noHHTia o rpynnt, ceMbfc, 6paKfe h t. n. humi* ae- 

H3BfcCTHM" 6CTCCTB6HH0 flBHTCH BODpOCb, npOAOJHKaeT'b OHT>, 

*ito ace bt> cymuocTH Ha»n> hsb^ctho, TaKi> KaKb HaM-b Heo6xo- 

ffHMO HMfcTb HCXOffHyiO TOHKy. Bl> BHffy TOrO, HTO HSCJK^AOBBHie 

KacaeTCH hchshh nepBoSbiTHaro HejroB^MecTBa, to hcxoahoB 
TOHKofi MoryTT* cJiywHTb npoBBJieHia btoA «h3hh; bth noc^t/i- 

Hifl CKa3WBaK)TCfl BO BSaHMOA'feftCTBiH <DH3HHecKaro opraHHSHH 
h snfenraaro Jiipa, h nocKOJbKy sto ssauMOAfeftcTBie mm HMe- 
HyeMi> AynioK),— Hame nscj^AOBame BodbMerb sa ncxoAHyio 
TOHKy HejioB*MecKyio Aymy a . IlpoaBjieBia nejiOB-feqecKofi 
AymH AOJi»HM AaTb aBxopy bosmohchoctb BoacTaaoBBTb KapTHHy 
nepBoSMTaaro cocToama HejioBfcHecTBa, Tbm> SoJifee, mo wbvb 
ocHOBaHia npeAnojraraTb, saM-kqaeTTb r. MyKe, hto ncnxuHecKifi 
nip* Bcero qejOBtnecTBa AOJUKeHTi 6mjh> npoxoAHTb Apyria <yra- 
Ain pa3BHTia, q^Mb ncHXHiecKift Mipi> OTAfcJibHaro JHija. Ilcn- 
xojorflqecKifi aHaiiHSTb flBjiemit hchshh AHKapeft h cocTaBJiaeirb 
coAep/KaHie rhhih aBTopa. Mm He MoaceM-b He yKaaaTb, ito 
aBTopT> H36paji> KpafiBe pncKOBaHHMfi, xoth h Aajeieo He hobmS, 
MeTOAi> ofi'bacHeHia aBJiemfi hchshh, BCTpfcnaeMMXb y Mtfuo Kyjb- 
TypHMXb HapoAHOCTett: B*b caMOM'b A^afe, ta* rapaHTia, hto 
HscJitAOBaTejib, nojn>3yroin,iftca hmt>, npeAnojiaraa OTMCKaxb mo- 

THBM, BM3BaBHlie KT> 2CH3HH TOT'b HJIH HHOfr HHCTHTyTb y AH- 

Kapeii, He HaBaaceT'b hmt> co6cTBeHHMXT> B3rjraAOBi> KyjibTypHaro 
qejroB'feKa. Ecjih ncnxH^ecKifi Mipi> peSeHKa ct> SojibniHMb Tpy- 
AOmt> noAA^eTca aHa*iH3y, to 0TH0CHTejii»H0 ^Ayum" AHKapa 
mohcho ct> oco6eHHMMT> ocnoBaHienfb CKasaTbj ^to n ^yacaa Ayiua 
noTeMKH**-, saKJuo^aTb-rae no npoaBJieHiaM'b ncnxH^ecKaro Mipa 
peSeHKa kt> AHaapio, KaKb 3to cKJioHeH'b A*JiaTb r. Myne, Gojiie 
H'hM'b ona.CHo, noTOMy mto, He CMOTpa Ha cxoactbo bt> hIskoto- 
pMxi> npoaBJieHiax'b pefieHKa h A H ^apa, pa3HHii;a Mea»Ay hhmh 
HacTOJibKo SHa^HTejibHa, hto o towa^ctbIj eABa-jin Moaterb 

6MTb p'feHb. 

Bo BcaKOMT> cjiynal) r. MyKe npaBT>, CHHTaa, ^ito nepBo- 
SuTHMft neJiOBliK'b HtHJ-b rpynuaMH, ii hto 9th rpynnM oSijeAH- 
HajHCb He noHHTieMTj o poactb*, a oonj,HOCTbio TeppHTopiw. — 
cnpaBeAJiHB'be, ^to caaio noHaTie o poactb*, o B3aiiMuo& Ojiii- 
3octh 3H»AHJiocb nepBOHaH«Jibno He Ha np c ACTa b ji e h i h o KpoB- 
n Mxi) y3axi>, coeAHHaiomHX'b rpyuny hhahbhaobii, a aa o6n^- 




H3T> 3AnAflB0-EBP0IIEftCK. 9TH0rPAfl>. JHTEPATyPH . 99 



hocth noJiB30BaHia TeppHTopieft. Bnpoqeii'b, bt> 9tom'b OTHOine- 
Hia r. Myne He bhochtt> eiue HHnero HOBaro, Tam> KaKT> 9to 
6hjio yaee h3b*ctho Ha ocHOBaHia HOBtftinaro myneuia. 6biTa 
HapoffHOCTeft, Hanoojrhe hhsko CTOamnxT> bt> KyjbTypHoarb ot- 
HOUJ6H1H. Tpynn* hhahbmaobt^ o6 f beflHHeHHUx r b TeppHTopieft 
aBTopij Aaerb HfecKOjbKO HenpaBHJbHoe HaHMeHOBaHie op«a, 
KOTopaH T&KHM r b oopasoarb npeACTaujiHeT'b co6oft rpynny paB- 

H W X T> JHITb, IJpeCJFfeflyiOIUHX'b HOA'b pyKOBOACTBOMT* OAHOrO HJIH 
H'feCKOJIbKHX'h BO»aKOBb O^HHRKOBblfl I^JIH. 

Hjienbi BTHx-b rpynm* hm^iottj jolhiub KpaftHe orpaHHHeHHHH 
npeRCTaBJiemH", eAHHCTBeHHoe AOCTynaoe mxt> noHHMaHiio — bto 
npe^CTaBJieHie o npocTpaHCTBte, TaKi* KaKT> nnqero OTBjieqeHHaro 
hmt> enje HeAOCTynHo: HHiero He Morjro 6bitl AocTynHbiarb 
Aynrfe qejtoB'bMecKoft, qero He cymecTBOBajio-6bi bo BH'feinHeM'h 
Mip*. Jl,aae npe^CTaBJieHifl o B03pacT* janfb h BMTeKaiomia h3t> 
hhxt> HaHMeHOsaHifl qjieHOBT* rpynnbi no BoapacTy hbjuhotca 

60JT&e H03AHHMH. IlepBOHaHBJDLbHO BTH HaHMeflOBftHin HMfeJIH 3Ha- 

qenie yaasama nrfeCTa,* pa*. HaxoAHTca ARHHoe jimi^o no otho- 
memio kt> roBopanjeMy: ecra npe^cTaBHTb ce6fc »HJiHme, cjy- 
wamee ySfeacHmeiirb ajw noAoSHoft rpynnu, to BcafcACTBie cTpeM- 
jenia map OAHHaKOBbix-b no BospacTy h nojiy rpynnnpoBaTbca 

BM*CTli, Hanp. CTapHKOBT> KT> CTapHKHMTb, A* T fcft CT> A*TbMH H 

np., to Bee Hacejieme noAo6Haro KHJiHma pacnaAeTca Ha cji*- 
Ayionjia rpynnbi: oah& nojiOBHHa GyAerb saHATa aceHmnHaMH, 
Apyraa MyjKHHHaMH. IlpeAnojiaraa, <ito uenrpaJibHoe m*cto 
saHHMaeTb jihi^o roBopanjee, HaxoAameeca bt> rpynn* jihii,t>, ko- 
Toptifl no oTHomemK) kt> HeMy SyAyrb cnHTarbca fipaTbaMH, 
(hjih cecTpaMH, ecjra roBopanjee jhu,o aeHn^HHa) He bt> sea- 
qeHin KpoBHbixT> poactb6hhhkobt> <) a junmb bt> cmwcxB SraHcaft- 
niHX'b coc*Aefi, coqjieHO^'b, — to no OAHy CTopoHy ott> roBopa- 
njaro pacnojioacHTca rpynna, bt> KOTopofi HaxoAHTCa ero OTei^b, 
MaTb, AHJi*e rpynna otuobt> qjieHOB'b btoS nocjrfcAHeft (a^AM, 
6a6KH), no Apyryio CTopoHy pacnojioatHTca rpynna, ta* Haxo- 
AaTca ero a*th, h HaKOHei^T> Ta, ia* HaxoAaTca ero BHy kh . 
TanoBa HAeaJibnaa KapTHHa pa3M*meHia HjeHOBi> opAu: OTciOAa 
npoHCTeKaiorb HaHMeHOBaHia MjieHOBi* OTA*JibHbix r b noArpynu'b, 

CO06pa3HO C*b T^MT*, TA* OHH HaXOIHTCH HO OTHOUieHilO K*b TO- 

BopaiueMy. TbkwmT) o6pa30MT> r, Myne npHXOAHTb kt> BWBOAy 
MopraHa h KyHOBa, hto nepBOHa^ajbHUM'b AfcaemeBirb rpynnu 
CJ[*Ay^TT> ciHTaTb to A^Ji^Hie, KorAa pasJiaqaeTca jianib rpynnn- 
poBRa BoexoAamnxb h HHCxoAamnx'b, a He OTAtJbHbia JiHn,a, t. e. 
cHCTeaiy ^raBaftcKyio^; ho oht* 0TJH4aeTca ott> oCohxt* aBTo- 
pOBT> T*M'b, 4to bt> to BpeMa, KaKb MopraBTb ouihSohho bmbo- 
AHTb 9to A&neme rpynnu h3t> B03HHKaiora,HX'b npeACTaBjreeiit 

O KpOBHOMT* pOAOTB*, a KyHOBt COBepmeHHO OCHOBaTeJTbHO H3T> 




100 



9THOrPA0>nqKCKOE OB03P£HIB. 



noHHTifl o B03pacT* jram>.— r. Myne 6e3«b bchrhxt> <d&kth*j ecRHxi> 
«OKa3aTejibCTB'b, TOXbHO Ha ocfloBaHin npeAnojiOHeiiia, hto nep- 
BoSwTHOMy qejoB^Ky dohathm xHm£ npeACTaBxeHia o npo- 
CTpaHCTB*, oS'bflCHHerb Hx r b oSbi^HUifb pacnoxoacemeirb qxe- 
hout> TeppHTopiaJiBHoft rpynnti nojrb offHoft RpoBxeft; npnBH- 
Mafl, hto nepBo6MiHwfl aomt> HMfejrb beat* male no CBoeiiy 
KOHTypy. aBTop-b urne CHaOaraerb cboh AORasaTencTBa cxe- 

MaTHMeCKHMT> pHCyHKOMT>, O^eBHAHO, ynyCKHH npH 9TOMT> H3T» 
BHAy, HTO Ha TOft CTaAiH pa3BHTifl, BOTOpyK) OH7> 06pHC0BH- 

Baerb, eABajin uomevb 6htb pfeib o iipoHHMxnb araxHmax'b, se 
roBopa yate o cpasHHTexbHO 6oxbmHX'b, bt> rotopmxt> naxo- 

AflT'b Ce6* MfeCTO H*CROXbKO AeCflTKOBt qeXOBtob — KOJHqeCTBO 

hhahbhaobt>, cocraBjiflK)iD,Hx r b TeppHTopiaxbiiyio rpynny. Bnpo- 
qeirb BTOMy nocjr*AHeMy Bonpocy nocBameHa OTAluibHaa rxaBa. 

Bospaacaa npoTHB'b cymecTBOBama KorAa-xn6o CTaAin 6e3no- 
pflAOHHaro coacHTejibCTBa, r. Myne CTapaeTCH AOKasaTb^qTO nep- 
BoCuTHbifi nejEOB'bK'b a o x ac e h t> Obion, yace HM'bTb npeACTaaxe- 
nifl o 6paK*, ^to Spa^Hbifl OTHomeHia aoxjkhm 6mxh Harferb 
Sojibmyio npoAOJiacHTeJibHOCTb. Mm He SyAem* ocTaHaaxHBaTb- 
Cfl Ha BTott nacTH Tpy*a aBTopa, Tairb RaRi> bmboam ero Ha- 

XOAHTCfl B*b npflMOMT> HpOTHBOp*<riH Cb <MiKTaMH, Ha6XK)AaeMMMH 

cpeAH HeKyxb^ypubixTb HapoAHOCTeft, y KOTopuxb, no Rpaitaeft 

M*pfc CpeAH HHSHIHX'b Wb KyjTbTypHOMT> OTHOmeHiH y COK)3hI, RaR*b 

8T0 6mjio yace yRasaHo Aasno pasHUMW Hscxb AOBaTe juimh , HMijioTb 

H3B*CTByK) npOAOXHHTeJTbHOCTb, HO, BO BCflKOMT> CJy HaCTO 

h JierRo HapyiuaiOTCfl, h He HMinorb xapaRTepa nocroaHHaro, 
BCXtACTfiie nero BToft CTaAin pa3BHTifl h npHAaHO xapaKTepHoe 
Ha3saHie „6e3nopaAOHHaro coatHTexbCTBa a . 3aBi*Hame aiiTopa, 
hto bo> HacTOHmee Bpeiifl mm yace He HwfeeM-b nepeA r b coooft 
buoxh* nepBoSMTHMX'b xiOAeft, h hto Aa»e Haa6ox4e nepBo6biT- 
HMA HapoAHOCTH, BCX-feACTnie cCxHseHifl cb eBponeflmaMH, no- 
Tepn*jm HapymeHie bl ecTecTBeHHoarb xoj^h cBoero pa3BHTia, 
HeAocTaTOHHO, htoSm yCTpaHHTb Bospawemfl, ROTOpMH MOSHO 
cA'bxaTb na ocHOBaniH oaRTHHecRHXTj ahhhmx'l npoTHB'b B3rxa- 
Aobt» r. MyRe, h 9to t*mt> 6ox*e, hto oht> bt* CTpeMxem« 06- 
pHcoBaTb nepBo6MTHoe cocTO^Hie qexostRa He HaxoAHTb nyac- 

HMMTb CHHTaTbCfl CO B3rXflA«MH AHKRpeft Ha HBXeHifl HXTj C06- 

cTBeHHaro 6MTa: tott> Chjx-Sm moxhmi» ncExoxoroMi^saH^qaeTb 
r. Myne, rto nun ofrbflCHeHia cooxHomeHifl aBxemfi noacexax^ 
6m HaftTH yRa3aHifl y iiepBo6r»iTHaro nexoB'bRa; dTora nocxtA- 
Hift cRop*e 3anyTaeT^, HfcMb ocb*teti> ero MMCJib; cpeAH nep- 
boSmthmxi xioAeft aoxkho xwuib coOapaTb MaTepiaxb, a rpyn- 
nnpoBaTb ero cxfeAyeTb 6e3T» hxt> noMon^n. Ho aBTopT>, bcx*a- 
CTBie h eAOCTaTOH h aro BHHMama rt> *aHTaMi> A^ficTBHiexbHocTH, 
HeBoxbHO BnaAaerb wb npoTHBonoxoaciiyio KpaftHOCTb k, npeA- 




HBTb 3AIIAAH0-EBP0llBflCK. BTHOrPAO. JIHTEPATYPH. 101 

noaaraa, hto oht> 0TKpwBaeTT> nepeAi> iHTaTejeirb xapTHHy 
ncHxuqecEaro Hipa AHRapa, to JHmaerb nocji'bffHflro caMbix'b 
9jieM6HTapHbixi> noHATift, to, Hao6oporb, npHnHCMBaerb eMy 
npoTHBi> coScTBeHHaro weJiaHia BsrjiaAbi, CBoftcTaeHHtie jihiob 
3Ha4HTejbHO SojrBe BucoROMy RyabTypHOMy ypoBHio. 

BnpoqeMT>, bt» nepio^ rocnoACTBa yKaaaHHofl CTaaiH pasBH- 
Tifl, rA* bc* qjieHM paBHW MeatAy co6oB, r^* aceHin.HBa He 
OKa3MBaeTCH enje nopaoonjeHHoft MyraqHHOK), — ceMbH, no mh^bIeo 
aBTopa, enje ne cymecTByerb, tbki> khki. a*th hbjehiotch npn- 
Ha«Jie»HOCTbio rpynnw. CeMba B03HHKaerb BnocjrhACTBin, u 

UpHHHHaMH, BM3BaBIDHMH ee KT> 7KH3HH, CJr*AyeTT> CHHTaTb 

dROHOMH^ecRifl coo6paaceHifl nepBoGbiTHaro qeJOBliKa. BcjrfcA- 
CTBie pasA^Jema Tpy^a, cymecTByiomaro bt> nepBoSwTHoft rpyn- 
nfc, Tflfb fftflTejibHOCTb MyatHHH'b HanpaBJieHa bo bh*, a A*aTejib- 
HOCTb 5KeHm t HH r b RacaeTca BHyTpeHHaro pacnopaARa,— npa newb 
06* rpynnw HanpasjajLH cboh chjih Ha H3MCKanie cpeACTBi> et> 
noAAepacaHiio CBoero cymecTBOBama, — cjiyqajiocb, hto Mymmi- 
Hairb ne AOCTaBajio HceHCKHxi, pyKT>, a aceHin l HHaMT> — MyxccKHxi>. 
Hocji'bACTBieM'b 9Toro aajiaeTca noxHnjeme ce6* pa6o4HXT> chjh> 
H3i> cocJbAHHX'b rpynm>. IIoxHiijeHie OTHiOAb He hm'&jio u*.ibio 
yAOBJiOTBopeflie nojiOBbix'b CTpemieHifl, tbrt> RaRi> BToaiy CTpeai- 
jreuiio, no mifeHiD aBTopa, aojukho 6mjio 6u npeAmecTBOBaTb 
yae SHaKOMCTBO n oxhthtc jih ct> o6*beRTOMT> noxHnjema; nfi&b 

HOXHE^eHia SblJia HCRJUOHHTCJIbHO X03aftCTBCHHaH — HOAIHHHTb A-ia 

cjiyaema ce6* Apyroe jihu.0. 9thmi> nyreM-b B03HHRaeTb otho- 
uieHie Me»Ay A^yMa HepaBHonpaBBbiMH jiHn,aMH, h3t> ROTopwx-b 
oaho aBJiaeTca rocnoAHHoarb, Apyroe — cjyroio (famel)' 3to ot- 
HomeHie aBTopi> HasbiBaeTii nepBOHanaJibHoft ceMbeft (familie); 
neo6xoAHMOCTb pa3A*JieHia TpyAa npHBOAHrb kx TOMy, qTO bto 
OTHOuieHie hojijkho B03HHKHyTb sie«Ay JHi^aMH pa3Haro noaa. 
TaKi> KaKi> paSoqaa CHjra Morja ORasaTbca Hyasnofi RaRi> rpyn- 
nfe MyKHBHTj, TaRi> h rpynn* «eHm,HHT>, ROTopwa, RaRT> 6ujlo 
yse yRa3aHO, aBJiaj[HCb,~uo MurfeHiio r. Myae, bi> nepBOOMTHOM'b 
nepioA* paBHonpaBHbiiMn, cbo6oahumh TOBapnmaMH MyjRHHH-b 
bt> o6u;eMTi xosaflcTB*, paBHo h oSaaaTejibHo aceHaMH hxt>, — to 
yate ct> caMux-b nepBuxi. cryneHeft pasBHTia. mm HaxoAHM r b, 
no cjiOBaBn> aBTopa, ABoah-yio oopaiy ceMefiHbix'b oTHomeoiit: c r b 
rjiaBeHCTBOMT> MyjKHHuu, RorAa noxHTHTejieM r b 6uju> MyacqHHa, 
u ct> rjiaBeHCTBOMi> »eHH^HHu, RorAa MyacqHHa aBJtajica o6T>eR- 
tomti noxnn^eHia. IlepBaa <DopMa BOSHHRaJia ojiaroAapa npocTOMy 
noxumeHiio HfeHqaHti, ROTopaa OAHaRO He aBjiajracb BHaqaj* 
Aa h He MorJia ABJiaTbca OAHOBpeofeHHo h cjiyroft h aceHofi: 
oG'beRTb noxHn^eHia— qy»aa, HasHaiaeMaa Jinoib rjlr (xo3aft- 
CTBeHHbixTb) ycjryrb, aceHn^HHa, nnmerb r. MyRe, He Morjia 
BUSBaTb bt> noBejiHTejib CBoearb aiejaHia HM^Tb ee cynpyroS* 




102 



9TH0rPA*HqECK0B OBOSPfcHIE. 



A<aa BToro MHCJib AHKapn enje He cq3p*jra, tort* rrri> ct> drnwb 
atejiaHieM'b coe#HHeHO omymeme paseHCTBa, KOTopoe He mo- 

TKBTb BOSHHRHyTB MemjtJ AByMfl DepBOHa^aJIBHO HepaBH£lMH 

Apyn> Apyry HHAHBHAaMH nyTeM'b aScTpaKTHMM'b, Kor^a Bbiiue 
CTOflm,ift noffaBjmeT'b CBoe qyBCTBO npeBoexoACTsa: a He cqHTaw 
nepBo6MTnaro qeaoBiKa cnocoSHMMt rt* BTOMy paBMUiDJieHiio. 
iKeHmnka bt> 9tomi> cnyqafc Mowerb cjiyatHTb seHoft ffpyrHMt, 
ho He BJiaA'bJibii.y ea. 9to pascyacAeHie njcjnocTpHpyeT r b cnoco6i> 
ffOKaaaTejibCTBa aBTopoMT> cbohxt> nojiOKeHifi, TaKt Kairb nocjri 
9thxt> cjiOB'b owb npHBOftHTb npHMfepbi paBHOAymia MyKeft KT> 
HeoipHOCTH hxt> »eHT>, rocTenpiHMHOMy reTepasMy h np., ocb* 
njaa, ho He AOKa3MBaa 9thmt> BbLCRaaaHHoe nojioaceme. 

IlonuTKa kt> noxHmem© aceHmHHbi Morjra, KOHe^HO^OKOHqHTb- 
ea HeyAaqefi} MyaeqHHa-rioxHTHTejib Mon> 6htb HacrarHyrb u 
npHBeAeHij bt> RaqecTB* njr&HHHKa bt> qyasyio rpynny. Bt> Ta- 
komt> cjyqa* oht> A'kaaeTca paSora neHii^HHu^ KOTopyio oht> 
6burb HaarfepeH'b noxHTHTb (noneMy He ^Jtoft rpynnu?), h Ta- 
khmt> oSpaaoM'b B03HHKaeTi> aapoAbinrb Apyroro poAa CeMBH, 
rA* rjiaBeHCTBO HaxoAMocb bt> pyRaxT> ateHnjHHbi: 6yAyqn njr&H- 
hhkomt>, pafioMT*, HyatHMt bt> 3axBaTHBineft ero rpynnfc, oh'b 
Mon> tojibro TaftKOftTb nocfenjaTb jKeHmHHy, chhtbhcb ea 
cyupyroMi*, h He Mon> HasuBaTbea oti^owcb cbohxt> A*Tefi,TaRT> 
krkt> ero rocnoaca 6ujia ooa3aTejiBHO cynpyrofi CBoero „6paTa a 
no rpynn*, KOTopbift h CHHTaJca oTijoirb. 9thmt> r. Myae CTa- 
paeTca o6T>acfcniTB BbiAaiomeeea 3Haqeme, KOTopoe HMfcerb aaah 
ao MaTepH bt> MaTpiapxajibHoft ceMb*. 

TaKHM-b 06pa30M7>, OAPOBpeMeHHO B03HHKaK)TT> ab* <K>pMbl 

ceMbH: liHApoKpaTHqecRaa h rnaeKORpaTHqecRaa. Bt> nocjcbAneft 
rjiaBoit ceMBH aBjraeTca ateBmnHa, ho BJiacTB ea pacnpocTpa- 
HaeTca He na BCfcx'b MyaqMHi* Boofinje, a jthiub Ha qyacoro, 
nji-feHHaro Myae^HHy ; OHa CTBHOBHTca bt> hsbIscthmh OTHomeHia rt> 
AnyMi, MyacqaHaMt: rt> cBoeaiy, Tairc> CKaaaTb, saROHHOMy Myaty- 
6paTy h kt> He3aKOHHOMy^ HaxoAan^eMyca bt> ea BJiacTH njrfeH- 
HHKy. Bb 9tomi> GaRT* 3aKJH)qaeTCfl, no MH*mio aBTOpa, ocho- 
Ba npoHCxowAema nojiiaHApie. IIo aHa-iorin ct> bthm'b o6pa- 
3yeTca h nojHratfnqecKaa ceMBa: bt> nocji^AHefi MyatqaHa, hm*h 
saKOHHyio meny — cecTpy, BjiaA*Ji'b h*chojtbrhmh ateHmHHaMH — 
oayaeaHKaMH, aoShtbimu uoxHm.emeM'b, 6paqnua y3M ct> roto- 
pHMH BHaqaj* Shjih HeA03BOJieHbi, a Bnocji*ACTBiH, xotb h 6bijih 

TepHHMM, HO He CqHTaJIHCb 3aROHHBIMH. 

llS'b 9THXT> AByXT> BHAOB'B CeMbH BOSHHRaiOTB H paBJIHqHbie 

cnocoobi cqeTa poACTBa. B-b aHApoRparaqecKoft ceMB* noxn- 
meHHaa aceHiuHHa npoAOJiatajra cqHTaTBca qyacoft h, RaRi> Ta- 
ROBaa, ne HM^jia M'bcTa cpeAH qjieHOBT* rpynnw h AOJiacHa 6biJra 

nOM^Il^aTBCa OTA'bJIbHO OTTb HHXT>. ^TH ea CqHTaJIHCb TftKHMH- 




H3T> 3 AD Aff HO-BBPO nfifiOK . BTHOfPA*. JIHTKPATYPU . 103 



3Ke 4yafHMH h, KaKT> TaKOBUfl, He MorjiH bo&th bt> cocTaBT> rpyn- 
nu, cj&AOBaTejibHO rojikhli 6ujih ocTaBaTbca npn* CBoefi mh- 
TepH. TaKT> Rrycb A'fcaTeJibHocTb rpynnu HanpaBJieHa Ha ao6u- 
«aHie ce6* nwmH, u rpynna, ejrfegoBaTe.iibHO, He saCorajiacb o 
qyacHX'b, to saooTa o noxHmeuHoft aceHiiuiH'k, paBHO h o npo- 
QUTaHiu ea A^Tefi, ecTecTBCHHO AOJtWHa 6u.ua na^aTb Ha en 
noBejiHTejia — MyacnuHy, noxiiTUBmaro ee; TaRHMT> oSpasoMi* 
BosHHKaerb naTpiapxajbHaa ceMba. IlHaqe a*Jio o'Sctohto bt> 
mHeKOKpaTHHecKofi ceMbfc. 3;vfccb aeumHHa aBjajacb rocno- 
aeefi OAHoro hjih H*CKOJibKiix r b My»HHHT>, ROTopue, SyAyHH ny- 
jEUmh bt> rpynnlj, aojhkhu 6jujlh noMfcmaTbca bh* ea, bt> to 
BpeMH, KaK^b hxt> rocno«a ocTaBajiacb bt> csoeifb npereHearb 
nonffemeHin bt> KaHecTBfc paBHonpaBHaro MjieHa rpynnu. ft&TH, 

pOHCAeHHblH eK) OTb OAHOrO HJIH H'&CKOJbKHX'b nOAHaHH-ttbHUXt 
My3KMHHT>, CMHTaJIHCb 0<M>HIUa JbHO A*TbMH, pO?h*A6HHbJMH 0Tb 

en saKOHHaro Myaca— 6paTa^ ROTopuit (t. e. ahaa no MaTepn) h 
npHSHaBajrcH hxt> OTiioirb. BcjitACTBie toto, hto aaRTHiecRie 
OTn;bi He Sujih npH3HaBaeMu, a*th c*iHT(iJiHCb qjeHaMH 
rpynnu, h TaRi> Rani> no MfcCTy HaxojKAenia B'b oSnje&rb hom*- 
mema ohm CToaJiH 6jmme Bcero kt> MaTepn, to c^erb poACTBa 

AOJHKeHT> 6hLJU> BeCTHCb HO M8T6pWHCKoft JIHH1H. EcTeCTBeHHO, 

4T0 Ha nepBbix^-ace CTyneHaxi) pasBHTia noasjiaiOTca OAHOBpe- 
hghho 06b oopMw ce&ibH, npHHearb OAHaKO aBTopT> nojaraerb 
hto oTn,oBCKoe npaBo cKopte npeflmecTBOBajio MaTepHHCHOMy, 
TaKib KaK'b cayman noxnmeHia acenn^HHU My»HHHofl aojikhu 
6bijiH npeAuiecTBOBaTb nopaOometfiio MyaenHHw KeHmHHoft. 

8Ta nacTb Teopiw r. MyKe npeACTaBjaeTT> HaHOojiBuiift hh- 
Tepecb CBoeft opnrHHajibHoCTbio, ho bm^ct* -cb Tfein> hmghho 
OHa h aBJiaeTca HaaMeHte yfitAHTeJibHoft. OcTaeTca cosepmeH- 
ho HeacHbiMi), noqeiwy bt> aHAponpaTHiecKott ceMi/fc Myararaa, 
ocTaBaBmiHcfl qjieHOM'b rpynnu, AOJiaceH'b 6ujn> sa6oTHTbca o 
nponHTaaiii noxHnjeHHoft hmt> aceHmnabi h ea A*Tefl. ^Mctbh- 
TejbHO, r. Myae OTM'bHaeTb, hto a*th aBJiajHCb jihuib noMixofi 
AJia MyareHHbi yTHJKH3Hp0BaTb nopaSon^eHHyio wenu^HHy bt> 
KanecTBfe paSonefi chju, nona 3a6oTbi ea ecTecTBeHHO aojuhthbi 
6biJiH HanpaBJiaTbca «a RopaueHie A*Tefl, h hto BCjrbACTBie we- 
jiaHia ycTpaHHTb 9to npenaTCiBie bo3hhri> oSbmaft A^ToySiftcTBa, 
KOTopufi, no MHtmio aBTopa, BnpoHeMT>, coBepmeHHO tojiocjiob- 
HOMy, npHM*Hajica HCKJiioqHTejrbHO rt> TaRiwb HesaROHHbiM'b 
A*TaMT>. Ho npeACTaBHMi> ce6*, mo My»HHHa Smji^ o6a3am> 
aaooTHTbca o npoAOBOJibCTBin CBoefl ne3aKOHHofi ceMbH, Bee 3Re 
A*th ero, corjacHO npeACTaBjemio aBTopa, He nojiyqajiH Mt- 
CTa cpeA« ocTajibHbix'b A*Teft rpynnu, ocTasajHCb nyjRHMH bt> 

OTHOIIiefliH KT> Heft, CJI^AOBRTeJIbHO SjlHHfe BCerO HaxOAHJIHCb RT> 

MaTepn, a»3K6 6jH»e, h*mt> BT> rHHeKORpaTimecKoit ceM*ii, Tah"b 




104 



dTHOrPAftHHBCKOB OBOSPlifllH. 



KaKT> bt> nocjr&AHeft o<p<i>Hii,iajibHbiMT> no Rpaftaefi Mfepft oir^oirb 
npHSuasajicfl a a^a no MaTepn, Tor^a kekt* bt> aHApoRpanwecKoft 
ceMb* a*th lopHAHnecKH c^HTajiHCb ue HirfeiomHM* OTn;a, noqeMy 
npn TaKHxi> ycjiosiiix'b, npn 6jh30cth kt> MaTepn, ct> KOTopoft Hesa- 

KOHHMH ft*TH aCHByTb BM-feCrfc, OTA*JieHHBia OTT> npOHHX'b HJHeHOBl> 

rpyanbi, He pasBHBaeTCfl bt> OTHomeeiH rt> hhmt> cqerb poACTsa no 
seHCEofi JHHin? /Jajrfee r. Myxe OTMfcqaen^ ito ecrb HapoA- 

HOCTH, CTOflmiH O^eBB HH3K0 B'b KyjIBTypHOM'b OTHOfflemH, EO- 

TopuH He snaiorb MaTepHHCRaro npaBa, a npH3HaiOTT> mnn> 

OTI^OBCKOe, H 06T»flCHfleTb 8T0 T*MT>, „<1T0 BCK>Ay, He 6bIJO 

bosmo&hocth nopafioTHTb MyaqHHy, He cynjecTBOBajo h Ma- 
TepHHCRaro npaBa, Tairb HaRi> He AocTasajio *opMbi ceMbH, b'b 
KOTopott aeen^HHa 6ujia-6w rocnoaeft*. IIoBHAHMOMy, aaTopy 
npeACTaBMeTCfl, hto oaho njeMfl coBepmaao yaaHHbie hjih He- 
yAaiHbie Ha6*rH Ha Apyroe, a nocrbAHee hjh tojibro Tepnfcao 
ott> BTHXTb HanaAemft, hjih orpaHHHBBaJiocb saxBaTOBfb h no- 
paSomemearb noxmHTeja: npn Taraxt ycjroBiaxT> ecTecTseHHO, 
CJrfcAya Teopin r. Myne, xojurho npoH3oftTH. hto nepsoe mcmh 
BiapaSaTUBajro naTpiapxajibHyio , BTopoe MaTpiapxaxbHy© 

CeMbK). HO B'b A*fiCTBHTeJlbHOCTiI eABa-JIH MOWeTT* 6hlTb AOCTft- 

to^ho oceonaHitt npeAnojiaraTb, hto6h BsanMHbifl OTHomeHia 
AByxi> coc*ahhxt> njeMeHi> cje^aobbah upaBHJiaM'b, HaHepTSH- 
HbiM'h r. Myice. Bt> cpeA* OAHoro h Toro-ae noieMeHH, npn 
B3anMHbixT> Ha6*rax'b, aojukhh 6mjih OAHOBpeMeHHO onasaTbCfl 
h nopa6on^eHHUH aeHmHHbi h nopaSomeHHbie MyanHHu; wfe- 
AOBaTejbHO bi> Toft-ae rpynnfc o^HOBpeMeHHo ^ojukhh Smjih 
o6pa30FbiBaTbCH h 06* oopMM ceMbH. Kanie pesyjibTaTbi aojukhu 
nojiywHTbca rjlb ppynnu BejrfeACTBie oRHOBpeMeHHaro cymecTBO- 
BaHia o6ohxt> THaoBTb? KaKaa h3t> AByxi> AOJiaHa aBHTbca ro- 
CQOACTByion^efi h npu rhrhxt> ycjiOBiax'b, h nonesiy oahh nae- 
MeHa BbipaSaTWBaiOT'b MaTpiapxai"b, a Apyria — naTpiapxarb? 
OTB'bTOB'b Ha 9th Bonpocu mm He HaftAearb BT> TpyA* v. Myse^ 
oht> BOo6n^e ciHTaerb BupajKeHia „OTu,oBCHoe h MaTepHHcnoe 
npaBo* HenoAxoAflmHMH, TaRi> RaRi> bt> HacToamee speifA mu 
coeAHHHeM'b ct> cjOBaMH ^OTei^ f b a h „MaTb tt 3HaieHie 0 RpoB- 
homt* poactb*. Bt> to BpeMfl, npoAOJUKaerb aBTopi>, ROrAa TaKT* 
Has. OTi^oBCKoe h MaTepHHCKoe npaBo hm^jto npaKTHiecKoe 
3HaneHie, „OTei^'b a h n MaTb u Sujih rpynnoBWMH noHHTiaMH- 
BCJi-bACTBie BToro oht> npeAJaraeTi> saMliHHTb BupaateHiH ^oti;ob- 
cRoe h MaTepHHCRoe npaBO B — aHApo-H rHHeKORpaTunecRoft 
ceMbett. Ho ohcbhaho aBTopi* ynycRaerb h3t> BHAy, hto roc- 

nOACTBO MyJKHHHbl HdA'b 5K6HIU,HHOft npOflBJIfleTCH AaHCe B'b TbXTb 

cayHaaxTj, RorAa c^erb poACTBa BeAeTCfl no »eHCRofi jmmH, 
TaRi> 4to supaseHie ff aHApoRpaTHiecKaa ceMba a He MoxeTb 
cHHTaTbCfl yAaHHUMii. ^aj'be aBtopi* He Moaerb oxpHiviTb, qro 



• 




H3T> 3AnA«H0-KBP0nfifiCK. 8TH0rPA<D. JKHTSPATY FBI . 105 



pflAi> HapoAHOCTefi h AO Hacroamaro BpeMemi npo^ojiKaiorb 
coxpaHJiTB cqerb poACTBa no aceHCRofi mhui m apyrie npn3Ha- 
kh, xapaKTepHiae ajia MaTpiapxaTa, xoth yace a»bho He npe«- 
cTaBJiiiorb H3i> ce6a rpynm>, 06'beAHHeHHbix'b HCRJUOiwrejibHO 
OAHofi TeppHTopiefi. I\ Myne He ofi'bacHaerb HaM r b, RaKi> moivlh 

paBBHTbCfl H DOAA^pHfaTbCfl §TH HHCTHTyTH cpeAH DJCeMeH'b, 

ByjtbTypa KOTopuxTb ABJieRO He Moacerb 6uTb HadBaHa nepBo- 

SblTHOft, B'b TOM'b CMblCXfe, KOTOphlfi aBTOp'b npH^aeTT) BTOMy 

cJOBy. Il,*Jibift pflA'b flBJiemtt o6mecTBeHHofi jkh3hh ocTaiOTca 

aBTOpOBTb He BblflClieHHblMH, H eCJIH ( OHl> H DpHBOAHTb npHMfepU 
H3*b JKH3HH HapOAHOCTefi, TO JffbJLH&Tb 9TO HCRJHO^HTejlbHO A«5fl. HJIJIK)- 

CTpan,ia cbohxtj coBepineHHO TeopeTHqecRHXT> paacyatAemfl; cemh 
npHMfcpw: 3aHMCTBy»TCfl He H3T> 6biTa HaHMeHte RyjibfypHMX'b 
HapoAHOCTefi, a 6e3i> OTHomema rt> cTaAiu pasBHTin hxT), ecjui 
TOJibKO Ta hjdlh HHaa qepTa hxt> SbJTa sasceTCfl aBTopy doaxoah- 
meft A£ fl BbiflCHemfl ero nojiosKema, Ao6uTaro He aHa«aH30M'b n 
CHHTe30MT», a ocHOsaHHaro mmb Ha yTBepwAemii, hto Mbicjib 
AHKapa cnocoSHa hjih HecnocoSHa ycBOHTb ce6*.TO hjth lmoe 
npeACTaBjieHie. Haira coBepineHHO HeacHO, noMeaiy r. MyKe chh- 

TaeTt, HTO aKTTb pOffCAGHifl He Bl> COCTOflHiH BbI3BaTb B'b MblCJH 

AHsapH npeACTaBJenifl o6t> ecTecTBeHHofi cbh3h, cymecTByiomefl 
Me»Ay MaTepbio n pe6eHROM*b, h OAHOBpeneHHO nojiaraerb, hto 
AHKapio PoJifce noHaTHa HAea o ghkthbhom'b 0TH,'fe-6paT* no rpyn- 
n-b bt> rHHeKOKpaTHHecKofi ceMb*, TpeSyionjaa HecoMHtHHo 6oji*e 
cjiofflaaro npouecca MumjieHifl, h*mt> nepBaa mucju>; noAoGHoe 
npnnHCbiBaHie AHKapio cnocoSHOcra TOJiKOBaTb to hjih HHoe 
aBjreuie mu nocToaHHO BCTpfcHaeirb y r. Myne. 

^aJibH-feftraee H3Jio»eHie bt> Tpya* r. MyRe nocBanjeHO o6i>- 

flCHeHiK) CT> npHHflTOfl HMT> TOHKH 3p4*HJfl H'&HOTOpbJX'b ofibliaeB'b 

yl o6paAOBi> HeRyjibTypHMxii HapoAHOCTefi (RyBaAbi, aeBHpaTa, 
Hifiora h np.) h onHCaniK) rfexT* BHAOH3MbHeHift, KOTopua npo- 
HexoAarb bt> CTpoenin rpynnw, 6jaroAapa B03HHRHOBemH) bt> 
hxt> cpeA* ceMbu* Mu He 6yAem> cjrkflOBaTb 3a pa3BHTieMT> 
mklcih aBTopa, TaKi> KaKi) npeAnpHHBTbifl ct> upeAB3aTofi TO^RH 
3ptma h MaJio o6ocHOBaHHua ^aRTH^ecRUM'b MaTepiajroMi> o6i>- 
acHema ero He npeACTaBJiaiOT'b nayHHaro HHTepeca. 

Bbime hbmh 6wjio yRa3ano 5 *ito aBTopy npeAnoJiaraerb, 
^to rpynna nepBOHaqajbHO sifHJia bt> AOMax-b, npeACTaBJiaio- 
njHXTb no CBoeMy ROHTypy cxoactbo ct> jiaAtefi: HCHjiHiij.y nep- 
BoSbiTHaro qeJOBfeRa r. My Re nocBan^a eTb OTA*JbHyio lvnaBy, 
TaRi> HaR"b oneuHAHO, hto, v ecjra HfHJiHni.e nepBo6wTHaro nejio- 
Btsa He cooTB*TCTBOBajn[o-6w Toft a>opM*, ROTopyio npeano- 
jaraeTi> r. MyRe, — MjeHu rpynnbi aojihchm 6h.ih-6u pacnojia- 
raTbca HHane, a cJi^AOBaTejibHO h noHaTia o-poACTB* nemGlMR' 
ho nojiyHHJiH-6bi Apyroft xapaRTep*b. Hcxoah hst* nojioaceHia, 



Digitized by 




106 



STHOrPAQHIECKOK OBOSPftHlB. 



uHH*M r b Bnpo4eMi> cepbeauo He noAKptnjiaeMaro, 4To nepBo6i*r- 

Hblft HeJKOB^R'b HOJTffefl'b 6bUTb TKHTb BT> TenJTOM'b KJIUMHTb, rA* 

npnpo^a ^ocTaBJiajia eMy roTOByio numy, 11 HenpeM-feHHO Ha 
opomi m * c t — aBTopi* oTBepraerb mwcjub, hto nemepti, 
He3Ha4HTejibHMa cbohmh pa3MfcpaMH, cjiymmn KorAa-HH6yAB 
HCHJinn^eM-b nepBo6biTHOMy qejuoB^Ky: oh* aBJiaioTca Jinmb Bpe- 
MeHHbiftrb ydlHKHmearb ero, h hmh HaiHHaiOT'b nojbsoBaTbca 
yace no B03HHKHOBeHin ceMbH, Kor^a rpynna Tepaerb CBoe 
eAHHCTBO. Bojbmia nemepw cjiyjKHjra SHJinin,aMH tojtbko Ha 
60 j&e bucokhx^ cTaffiflXT> pasBHTia. ^Pa3i> nepBbie jiioah hshjth 
bt> TponnqecROBfb KjfHMarfe, ohh nepBOHaqaJibHO AOBOJibCTBOBa- 
racb npnpoAofi, n, doaoSho TOMy kbktj bto bosmowho cpegH 
Mipa acHBOTHbix'i. ycTpannaTb ce6* jioroBHma bt> Beau* <5e3T> 
ocofiaro TpyAa, TaK* h jhoah MorjiH coeAHHeHHWMH ycujriflMH 
ycTpaHBaTb cefrfc noAo6Hua hmh. Ho rpynna npeACTaBJiajia 
co6oft ix'fejioe, pacMJieHeHHoe Ha iiOArpynnw, n Ka»Aafl H3i> 
nocj'bAHHX'b pa6oTa.ua a-** ce6a. Ecjih OHa BbipbiBaja ce6* 

flMM, TO 9TO AOJ»HO 6hIJIO DpOHBOftTH TaKT>, 4T0 KaSA^fl 

noArpynna ycTpaHBaja yraySjieHie a** ce6a, TaKT» qTO bch 
rpynna He uojMOBajiacb oahoA o6meft aMofi, ho nojiyqajocb 
H3B*CTHoe icojiimecTBo yrjiyfijieHifi, cocTaBJiaiomHX'b oaho 
jioe a . fljia KaafAoft noArpynnu OTA*Jiajiacb orb Apyroft ct*h- 
kok) (BaJiOMi)). TaKOBo 6mjio »HJiHme nepBo6biTHaro ne- 
jioBfcKa, KOTopoe, ycTpaHBaenoe ' npaBHJbHO, acijkho 6ujio 

AHTb JIOAK006pH3HWft KOHTypTb. Mbl He CTOTaeMl> HyiKBblM'b B03- 

pawaTb r. MyKe no Bonpocy o uepBo6uTHOM r b jKHjHm* nejio- 
irfcKa, TaKi> Kasi> MH^Hie ero ctohtt> bt> TaKOMTb p*3komt> 
upoTHBop^qin cb 4»aKTaMH, HaxoAflmHMHca bt> pacnopaacefliH 
Hay km, 4to HecocTOHxejibHocTb ero cjhuikomt* oqesnAHa. Mm 
npHBejH B3jflA r b r. MyKe no yKaaaHHOMy Bonpocy HCKJiioqH- 
TejibHO bt> Ka^ecTBlj npHM*pa, HacRojLbKO mctoat* CTporaro 
aHajiHsa h CHHTe3a, KOTopufi aBTopi> cHHTaerb Heo6xoAHMUM*L 
AJiH BTHorpa<tH4ecKHx r b HSCjrfeAOBamft h bt> OTcyTCTBiH koto- 
paro oht> ynpeKaeTi* cbohxt> npeAraecTBenHHKOB'b, OTcyTCTByerb 
bi> coScTBeHHOM-b TpyA* r. Myne. 

„Bi> 9tomt> TpyA* nnmerb aBTopi> bt> CBoeM'h „3aKjiK)HeHia a , 

H HM r fcJTb BT> BHAy ffllTb HOBOe OCHOBaHie HCTOpiH nepBoSbiTHofi 

KyjbTypM, nocKOJibKy OHa KacaeTCH Moeit cnei^iajibHoft c^epH 
3HaHia... Pe3yjibTaTbi, A^6hiTbie HaMH a^^ onpeA^JieHia nOHHTift 
rpynna h ceMbfl, KacaioTCfl TOJibKo nepBo6wTHofl rpynnw 
u nepBOHaqajibHofi ceMbH. MsyqeHie Toro, hto npoH3onuro hst* 
pa3BHTin oo*hxt> oopMi*, Tpe6yeTT> HOBoft CTaTHCTHqecKoft pa- 
doTbi, KOTopaa xoth h noAroTOBJieHa, ho eme He AoaeAeHa ao 
KOHu;a. Cji-bAyeT-b otkh^htb, hto tot^r naAeTb He oahht* jyTb 
cb^tu Ha iiepeoobiTHbLa OTuouieHia, h MHoroe ocb^thtT) apqe, 




Hffb SADAAHO-KBPOIlBfiCK. 8TH0rPA*. JHTEPATY PM . 107 



HfeftTb 8TO CflfeJiaHO BT> 9TOMT> Tpyfl*. Ho CaMhlft 3aB3flTIjfl 

neccHMHCTb , KoTopoaiy TeniHafl nepBo6tiTHaa KyjibTypa ^ejio- 
BinecKaro po&a npeflCTaBjrfljiacb bi> BH/vb xaoca h3t> npoMHC- 
KyHTexa, rpyniiOBaro 6paKa h reiepH3Ma, o^hhmtj onoBOMb 
nepiOffOMTb OTcyTCTBia nopHAKa — earn mh* h He y^acTCfl ero 
y6*AHTb — no KpaftHeft arbp* cTaBerb bt> Tyirain> tt . nocjrfeAHefi 
ivfejra aBTopi> BnojH'fe flociHrb yace HajiaHieM'b nepBoft nacTH 
CBoero TpyAa, Taira KaRi> coBepmeHHO HenoHflTHO, KaKi> mofb 
yqeHMft, xoTa-6bi h 61ujo 3HaKOMhift ct> AaHHHMH BTHorpa- 
<&in, BSflTb Ha ce6fl pfcineme eaojKHbix'b BonpocoBTb o nponc- 
xo»AeHiH ceMbH h nepBo6HTHOMi> cocTOflHin qejroB*Ka, pas- 
CMaTpHBafl nocjrfymflro bh* BpeMeHH h arfcCTa, coBepmeHHO 
H30jrnpoBaHHo, He npHHHMaa bo bhhmrbIc BjriflHia pa3JinH« 
HbixTb joipyrnxTb oaKTopoBT*, KOTopiae, KaKi* Hanp. pejrariosHbie, He 
roBopfl ysee o flpyrHX'bjOKasajrH ctojdlb Sojibinoe BJiinHie Ha o6pa- 
30Baaie h h HCTHTyTo bt> ceMdihmro h ofinjecTBeHHaro 6uTa 



H. XapyaMHU. 




C M "h C h. 



3AM-BTKH 



o pa3Hwx"b MeTOA&x*b M3y4eHia HapoAHuxi MsuiopyccKNXi Aywb. 

#o HeAaBHflro BpeMean cymecTBOBajrb oahbt> TOJbKO MeTOA'b 
Hsyqemfl HapoAHbix'b MajiopyccKMXT> Aywi>. JS pa3yMl»» MeTOA'b 
HCTopaqecKift. Kairb bt> JiymiJHX'b*n3flaHiflx , b AyMi> — MaKcmto- 

BH^a, AHTOHOBHHa H ^parOMaHOBH, TaK7> H BT> J[y4inHXT> H3- 

cjitAOBaHiflxt h AyMaxt — KocTOMapoBa h ^paroMaHOBa^ mm 
HMfcearb TOJibKo HcropimecKift KOMMeBTapift kt> AyMaMT>. flyMbi 
ceMefiuaro coAepraama, KOTopuxt Heab3fl npiypomiTb kt> t6mi> 

HJH HHblMT> HCTOpHqeCKHMt C06blTiflM r b, ne DpHBJieRaJIIi BBHMa- 

ma yieHBixt hctophkobt>. A Me»Ay t*mt> bto cahhctbo oopaiw 
npn pasHocTH coAep»aaifl ecTb aBjeme bt> HcropHKO-JiHTepa- 
TypHOM'b oTHOineHiH o^eHb BaacHoe. Oho aojijkho 6wjio 6m npe- 

AOXpaHHTb AyMbl OTb CMfcmeHifl HXT> C/h n^CHHMH HCTOpHie- 

CKaro coAepreaHia, nero He bhahmt> mu bt> H3CJi*A0BaHiHXT> 

HCTOpHKOBT*, KOTOpiie 0H6Hb HaCTO HaSUBaDT'b DfeCHH AyUaMH. 

Mto6m ycTpaHHTb 8Ty nyraHimy bt> noHHTin o AyaiaxT>, fl p*- 
nrnjcfl saHHTbCfl H3CjrfeA0BaHieM f b noaTHHecKoft *opMbi Ayni>, 
T0HH*e roBopa, H3CJi , feA0BaHieM'b npoHCxowAemfl aTOfi oopMH bt> 

CBH3H Cb 6blT0BMMH H KyJbTypHblMH yCJLOBiflMH HapOAHOtt JKH3HH. 

Coo6pa»eHifl cboh o6t> dTOM'b npeAMerfe a imoKHJrb bt> khht1> 
CBoeft uoAt 3arjraBieMT>: „Mhcjih o HapoABbix'b MajiopyccKHXT* 



(JmqecKaro 06o3p*feHia tt r.Cyira.OB'b HaneqaTaJTb^SautTKHO mbjio- 

pyCCKHX'b AyMaXT* H AyXOBBbIXT> BHpmaX'b Ci . 9TH n 3aM*TKH tt , B*b 

cbok) onepeAb, Aaiorb Mut doboa^ cKasaTb BicKOJbRO cjobi> o 
pasHbixb MeT0Aaxi> HsyqeHia BapoAHwxT> MaJopyccKnx«b Aywb *). 

HaHHy cb 3aM*hHaHiH r. CyMU,OBa o tomt>, 6yAT0 y Mena B Htrb 
nayqHaro H3CjrhA0BaHia oTA'feibHbix'b AyMT> g (102). CmIho ysipHTb 



l ) Xoth dTROrpa^HHecKavb Ota"Bjomt» bi npHBUHui pimeeo, aa HejocTaTKOXi 
xicTa, He neqaTaTb BoapaxeHift Ha noirfemaeMbia b* xypHaji CTa*n>H, oiuaao Ha- 
cTOfliuHMi 0 3aM < BTRaMii a 1 He b% upHuipi ApjrBMi aBTopam, do DOCTaHOBjeHin 
OTjiijia, xaeTcji si-bcto bi BHiy Toro, hto oh* xa»rb HiaoTopun cymecTBeHuu* 
Aonojueuia h pasincHeHiji uo 3aTpoHTTOiiy, Becma BasuoMy, aonpocy. Ped. 



AyMax*b 





O MRTORAXt H3YHEHI8 MAJlOPyCCKHX'b AYM'b. 109 



Moero pei^eii3reHTa,HTO bt> Moeft KHurfc ecrb HSCJi'feffOBaHia orndibAb- 
nvixb AyMt, h HCKaTb Hx*b Hyatao Bt VI rjraB*, Vjvb HanenaTanbi 
TpHHajmaTb AyMt no pyRonncn Havana Hacroamaro B*Ka. Oontfe 
Bonpocu, Kacaromiecfl ecn>xi AyM*b, pa3tacHeHH mhoio b-b nep- 
buxi> DflTH rjtaBaxi), cneujaJiLHwa are ocoSchhocth naotcdou U3T> 

3THXB TpHHa^maTH HJWh, HOM'&meHHUX'b BB pyKODHCH, orae- 

ceHH kt> iioejrfcAHeft, t. e. Kb VI naBt. 063opy 9thxt> ocofien- 
HOCTefl a npeAnociajn. HicKOJibKo saMfctmHift, Kacaiomuxca ca- 
Moft pyKonHCH u npaBonacaHia en, A-aa oijiHRH KOToparo ca*- 

JiaHbl HCTOpHHeCKlJI CnpaBRH 0 BJliflHiH TpHMMaTHKH JIOMOHOCOBa 

na CTapHHHoe MajiopyccKoe npaBonHcame bt> XVIII b. npn 
MHTponoJHTaxi TaBpinj!* KpeMeneijKOM'b h CaMynji* Mnciiau- 
CKOMi, a TaKHce npHBeAeHM BbiAepafKH H3*b CTapHHHbix*b rpaM- 
MaTHK'b KOHita XVIII B., npeAHa3HaHeHHHXb am ycTpaHeHiH 
MajiopyccKaro Buroeopa H3t> npaBonacaHia. Be* 9th saMiHaHia 
HanpaBJieHW kt> TOiiy, ^to6h BwacHHTb BHyTpeHHioK) i^HHOCTb 

pyKODHCH, HOJIOHCeHHOft MHOIO BT> OCHOBy ash cpaBHHTejbHaro 

o63opa BapiaeTOBii kt» AyMaan>. H bott> ofi'b btoA AOBOjibHO 
KponoTJiHBoft paoorfe a Haxoray bt> „3aMiTKax'b a TaKoft otshbt.: 
^BCTynHTeJibHbifl k% AyMaBTb 3aM*TKH no KpaTKocTH h oSmewiy 
xapaKTepy He HarfeiOT'b nayHHaro 3HaHeaia a (107). TaKTb jih bto? 
Mh* Kasajocb, q-ro Ha BOCbMH CTpaHHii,ax r b ct> jhuihhmx a ct> 
AOCTaTOHHOD hojihotok) BbicKasajit Bee HeoSxoAHMoe, a noApo6- 
hocth, Kacaromiaca op4>orpao>iH pyKooncH BOBce He yKasbiBaiOTb 
Ha ofimifi xapaKTep*b mohxt> 3aM*T0KT>. Hto KacaeTca HayqHaro 
SHaneHifl hxt>, to HeywejiH a AOJHKeffb pasMCHHTb, hto bt> o>fuo- 
jiorHHecKoft HayK* KpHTH^ecKaa ou,4HKa pyKonncn, Bt KOTopofi 
aaMiOMaeTCfl nsy^aeMoe npoH3BeAeHie, ecTb iftjio oqeHb Baaraoe, 
6e3T> KOToparo caMO bto npoH3BeAeme Tepaerb SHaieHie aocto- 
B*pHaro 4t»aKTa, Harferomaro npaao Ha BHHMaHie Haynn? Bt> a& h ~ 
homt> cjyqaft A Jfl mchh jhhho 9Ta oivfeHKa 6bua 6e3ycjiOBH0 He- 
oSxoAHMa h o6fl3aTejibHa, Tairb Kairb a hm*jh> bt> BH^y socnojib- 

30BHTbCfl CT^pHHHOft sanHCbio AyM7> ji&n HSCJI^AOBaHia TeKCTa HX1> 

no pa3HLiMT> BapiaHTaifb . Bt> caMOMi> H3CJr*AOBaHiH a CTapa^ca 
npn6jiH3HTej[bHoonpeA*™Tb nepBOOCHOBy KaHAoft aymm, bu^bh- 
raa tott> HJiH^pyrofi BapiaHTb en, KaKT> HaHGojrfee 0jiH3KiS kt> 
nepBOocHOB*, KOTopaa no CBoftcTBy ycTHaro noBTHnecKaro TBop- 
necTBa HHKorAa He MoaceTTb 6wtb OTKpMTa bt> ea HenpHKOCHO-. 
BeHHocTH. PyKOBOAHjeca a npu 8tomi> padHbiMH coo6pa»eHiaMH, 

KOTOpbia ^OpMyJIMpOBaHW MHOK) BT> BHA* A&BHTH UOJIOHfeHitt, 

npHJioaeHHwx'b bt> kohi^* KHHrn. Pa6oTa BTa — hcbh ah aa h AJia 
saypaAHaro HHTaTejia cKy<raaa, ho OTb jiiOAefi Haysn a oacHAajrb 
HbKOToparo BHHMama ki> Heft. Mb* caMOMy JnoSonuTHo 6ujlo 
3HaTb, npaBHjbHo jih a ycTaHOBHjn> KpHTBHecKiS aieTOA^ AJta 
HsyneHia TeKCTa AyMT», He CA*Jiajn> jih h KaKoft-nnSyAb no- 



Digitized by 



110 



9TH0rPA<£H*lECK0fi OB03P*HIB. 



rp^mHOCTH bt> npHMfcHeHM 9Toro MeTOffa. Rt> coMuftniio, vb 
„3aM*TKax'b tt r. CyMUosa a He Hainejn> HHqero, KpoM* o6mnxT> 
opa3-b: ^Bb Haqajrfe ^yMT> (cjr&A<>BaJio 6bi cKa3aTb: naoicdou dyMwi) 
r.~ JKnTeuKifl, roBopHrb oh*, noMfccTH-rb neSojibinia saMfcTRH, 
3aRJK>qaH)in,ifl hjih KpaTKift nepecRa3T> coAepraaHia, hjth npaTEoe 
cpaBHeHie BapiaHTOBT>, a bt> no^cTpo^Hwxnb npHarfeqaHiax'b no- 
M*CTHjn> yKa3aHifl Ha neqaTHMe BapiaHTbi* (107). Bora h Bee. 
Ho Bee jlsi to, qTo aojkkho 6mtb?... 

3aT*MT>, He COBCfclfb TOHHO, XOTfl H 6JDLH3KO Kb HCTHHll, T. 
CyMH,OBT> rOBOpHT'b, qTO OCHOBHOe HOJIOWeHie MOerO C0HHHeHL8 — 

„o BjriflHin nacbMeHHOCTH Ha nfccHOTBopqecTBO HapoAHoe a (80). 
il 6bi 0Ka3ajflnh— «e od«0w nucbMeHHOcmu, ho h mROJbi bt> 6utobmxi> 
en npoflBJieHiHX'b, ne na ece ntbCHomeopnecmeo napodnoe^ a Ha 
AyMbi. KaKi> 6bi to! hh 6mjio, 3aAaBmHCb TaicoH) mucjilio, a 
ocTaHOBHJicfl bt> nepBofi rjaBft Moero coqHHema Ha cuHTaKCH- 
HecKHXT) oco6eHHocTax-b pfc^H bt> Aywaxb, nojaraa ne 6e3T> 
ocHOBania, hto 3/rkCb rjiaBHMM'b o6pa30MT> h HyatHO Hcaaib 
oiKOJTbHbix'b BJiiaHifi. 3aT*MT> y»e Ha 9tomt> npoqHOirb rpyHT* 
n BbiABHHyjrb ocoSeHHocTb noBTHqecKaro ctilm Ay Mb, h pfcqb 
BeAy o cHHOHHMax'b, 9nHTeTaxT>, cpaBHemax'b h t. n. smmb 
HacTOJibKO, HacKOjbKo Bee bto xapaKTepnsyerb ncnxuqecKoe 
HacTpoeme nfcBii;a aYmt*, pa3yM*a noA'b 9THM r b nfcBii.OBi'b TBop- 
qecKyio cnjiy HapoAa, oSHapyacHBaiomyiocH bt> ayMax-h. Paay- 
MteTca, A^a 9toio a AOJ»em> 6hun> npHBOAHTb otpmbkh h3t> 
AyMi», bt> KOTOpbixi* BHpa»aiOTca MpHqecKia HSjiama qyBCTBT>, 
to 9jerHqecKoe, to caTHpnqecKoe HacTpoeme nljBiia, yRaati- 
Baioujee Ha tott> mctoat* Mucin h qyBCTBa, ROTopuft Bwpa6a- 
TbiBaeTca oSwKHOBeHHO noAi> BjiiameMTb KyjibTypHofi npHBbiqRH 
rt» caM0Ha6jiH)AeHiK), rt> aHajiH3y nepejKHTaro h nepeAyMaHHaro. 

Kt> 9THMT> BHyTpeHBHM'b HpH3HakaM r b HIKOJIbHblX'b BJiiaHifi Ha 

no9THqecKift cthjb Aywb bt> kohh,* rjaBbi a npHcoeAHHHjrb yna- 
saaia Ha BHfciiiHie npusHftKH — u,epKOBHOCJiaBaHCRie apxaH3Mbi, 
m*cto rjarojibHaro CKa3yeMaro bt> HpeAJioaKCHiH h t. n. EIocj* 
Bcero 9Toro mh* cTpaHHHM'bKaHfeTca saasjieHie Moe"ro peueH3eH- 
Ta, qTO ff coqHHeHie Moe HHqero He noTepajo 6bi, ecjH 6u nepeaa 
i\naBa coBCfeMT> OTcyTCTBOBajia a (80). IlepejuicTbiBaa CHOBa fl 3a- 
Ml3TRH a r. CyMi^OBa, a cjiyqaftHO ocTaHOBHJca Ha OAHofi *pa3fc, 
Koiopaa pa3p*mnjia Moe HeAoyMtme. Bott> OHa: „h bt» ape- 
A'bJiax'b 38 cTpaHHi^'b aBTopT> (t. e. a) He ctohtb TBepAO Ha 
*opMajbHofi CTopoH* AyMi>, p cb 25 CTpaHHuu nepexoAHn* bt> 
c*epy oaKTuqecRaro coAepwaHia a (80). TorAa CTajo j{Jka MeHa 
acHO, qTO r. CyMu;oB f b HenpaBHJibHO nonajn* BTopyto nojOBHHy 
oTpwi^aeMoft hmt> nepBofi rjiaBbi, h npHTOMi> He cb 25, a cb 10 
CTpaHHj^bi, OTKyAa HaqmmeTca xapaRTepn CTHKa no9THqecRaro 

CTHJia AyMT> Cb COOTBtTCTByiOn^HMM npHM'fcpaMH, KRKOBbie 0HT> 




O MBTO^AXTi H3yHBHIfl MAJOPYCCKKX h JWWb. 



Ill 



npHHAJTb sa nepeAa'iy <&aKTH<iecKaro coAepmaflia Ay* 1 ^. 9to 
noaasajocb mh* t^mt* 6oa*e cTpaHHWMTb, hto ko bci>mi> rja- 

BHM'b CBOerO COHHHeflifl fl npHJIOWHJIT> nOffpoOHblfi KOHCneKTT>, 

H3T> KOToparo bhrho, b»kt> eoAeprcaHie rfa»aoft raaBH, TaKi> h 
jiornqecKoe cooTHOiueflie nepBoft rjaBM bo bc1smt» ocTajBHuwh. 

HeROBOJIBBLlfl BTOfl TJiaBOfl MOft p6I^6B36BTl> 3aM*HaeTT>: „ A»TOpT>, 

roBopHT-b obt> 060 mb*, cne^aiCHCTb-fcHJOJorB, h OTh Hero MH 
MorjiH oacHffaTb oOmupuaeo h n.'buBaro H3CJi , fcAOBaBia 0 jimmi Ayarb*. 
IIpn 9T0M-b ohi> yRasbiBaeT'ipBacoMHBefliH MEKJiomH^a, IloTeOHH 
h 3hmm, KaKT> Ba noco6ia no BTOMy Bonpocy, npeAnoJiaraa, hto 

OHM MHli „BU01LWb He H3B*CTHbl U (80). Ho M3b SarJiafiifl 9TOit 

rjiaBu: „<yrpoft pfc^H h no9THHecKiit cthjib bi> BapoABbixT> Mauio- 
pyccKHxi> Aywaxi* 1 ', BOBce Be bbrho, hto a oSfcmajnb AaTb 06- 
tuupnoe h i^feHHoe H3ca*A<> BaH i e o A3t*iub ffyMT>, 11 Ba3BaHHbiMM 
coMHHefliflMH a Be Mon> BOcno«ab30BaTbCH npocTO noTOMy, hto 
bto He cooTB'bTCTBOBajio Moeft ^jua— ynasaTb B'b CTpOfe p*HH H 

BT> n09THHeCK0MT> CTHJTfc MBJIOpyCCKHX'b AyM r b IBKOJIbBUa BJlia- 

ma; no9TOMy a CAfcJiajrb tojibko to, hto Rasajiocb MHfc Heoo- 

XOAHMblMl) A^fl MOeft B.'fejIH. 

Ho AonycTHMT*, hto a (cjrfeAyfl yRa3afliaMi> r. CyamoBa), 

3aBBJICa 6U BCeCTOpOHBHMTa H3CJltAOBaBieMT> a3HKa AyMT>. He 
3Baio, hto bhiujo 6u Hsi) 9Toro, ho npeAnoararaio, MTO BbimJIO 
6hL Be oaho, a ABa conHBema. /IjMaio Tanace, hto ofauupnoc 
coHHHeme, nocBanjeHHoe a3UKy AyMT>, 6wjio 6m BeyAanao — 
Mowe-rb 6biTb, no cja6ocra MOHX'b cHJTb, MOKerb GbiTb, no 
CBoficTBy nporpaMMw, npeAJiaraeMoft peijeseBTOM'b. Oflb Hrejajn> 
6m, HTo6u B'b B3biK*b AyM r b a yKa3ajn> Be oahh TojibKo n,ep- 
KouHOOffaBaBCKie apxaH3Mw, hto6m a c6jiH3Fjn> BTOTb a3MKb 
cb a3biKOM*b Cjiosa 0 nojKy MropeBfc h Apyrnx'b ApeBBtitiHHX'b 

naMflTHHKOBT>, HTOfibI a CpHBHHJTb n09THH6CKyiO TCXBUKy Ay^t 

(9aeTeTbi, cpaBBeaia h np.) ct> bdhh^ckhmh npieiiaMH TBop- 
qecTBa Apyrnx-b cjiaBaBcrax'b HapoAOBi). Mory CKa3aTb Ba 
9to, hto ^nyTH bth mb* b*aomh u , bo h ^apyrw saaeMu^* 
XoAflJTb h a KorAa-TO bthmh nyTBMH, c6JiHHcajn>, nanp., a3biKi> 
AyMb ct> a3biKOM'i> CjiOBa o nojiKy IlropeB-fe h ApeBBiftrnHx-b 
ji*Tonnceft (bt> jieKn.iax'b, qHTaBHhix'b B r b neTepOyprcKowcb yBH- 
BepcHTeT*, h BT> A^chiv , * fur slavische Philologie jlrMHa), ho 
HHKaKi> ae Morb npoBecTH bchmxt* reBeTHiecKHx'b BHTeft MeacAy 
KOBAOMb XII h KOHi^OM'b XVI B^Ka. H He TojibKo a Be mopi. 
Hnq*Mi> sanojiHHTb 9Toft HeTupexB-bKOBofi w apyrbi u , ho h Apy- 
rie jk)ah, 6oji r fee MeHa cHJbabie bt> BayK*, BHnero Be moimh 
BbiAyMaTb, KpoM* npeAnoJioaceflift h raAaHift. BOBce Be ot- 

pHD,aH) B03MOSCHOCTH HpOHUKHyTb B'b 3a MRH H H By K) A^JIb AOKO- 

3auKofi CTapHHbi, ho 9Toro Hy»HO npeacAe Bcero ycTaao* 

BHTb TBepAyK) noqBy B'b CaMOfl 8T0ft CTapHB*, 009TOMy, He 



Digitized by 




112 



dTHOrPA0H<IECKOE 0B03P&HIB. 



mejLSLE ^CTpaHCTBOBaTB no TyMaHHUM'b oftiracTHBrb MeqTaHia a , 
a orpaHHqHJCfl HscifcAOBaHieATb ojrHKafimefi jiHTepaTypHoft 06- 

CTaHOBRH,cpeffH KOTOpofl DOflBHJIHCb AyMhl .Y rfeinaK)Ce6fl MblCJtbK), 

hto 9TO He 6e3noJie3HO h ajtr t*xt> yqeHMXT>, KOTopue aaxo- 
t&jih 6w noftTH A«J">ine m6ha Bb HsyqeaiH asbnca aYmt*. Ho 
cqtrraio HeoSxoAHMWM'b npeAynpeffHTb hxt> ott> yBJieqemiL npn- 

BOAHIU.HX'BR h COMHHTe^bHBIMB BblBOAaAfb H SaKJfOieHiflM'I). TaiTb, 
BTb n 3aM*TKaXT> a CBOHXT>, SaHflBIHHCb nOA6opOMT> BlIHTeTOB'b, 

BCTp^qaiomnxcfl BTb AyMax'b, r. CyamoB'B no noBOAy BnHTeTa 
^woBTa KOca a , ynoTpeS-naeMaro bt> raJHURHxi* n'fecBax'b am 
o6o3Ha«ieHifl KpacaBHiua, npegnpHHHJLi> BRCRypciro bt> 3anaAHyH> 
EBpony h, onnpaacb Ha mh^hIh aBTopHTeTHbixT* yqeHHx*b, 
CA*Jiajr , b bbiboai> „o poactb* ncnxia MCuiopyccoBi> ct> 3anaA- 
Ho-eBpone&CKHMH HapoAaMH tt (86). Oho, Mowerb 6biTb, h Tarb, 
ho npn MeM*b ace Tyrb Ay mm, t6mt> 6ojr*e, qTO anHTerb Bzavh 
He hst* AyMi>, a H3*b HBceHT*? Bnpoqe&rb, cairb r. CyBmoBT*, no 
BHAHMOMy, He paaJiBqaerb AyMi> ott> nJbceHi>. 3aKJiK>qaio o6t> 
btomi> H3 r b Toro, mo oht> CBajrHBaerb bt> OAHy Kyqy npaM^pu 
HS'b •rfex'b h ApyrHXT>. Ma jo Toro: p,nme bt> raJTHnin oht* Ha- 
uiejn> AyMu, HasbiBafl nfcceHHhie nepecKaaw AyMi> eapiaH- 
TaMH HXb (88), a HSBtcrayio ntCHio 0 BaftA* cqHTaerb Towe 
AyMofi (39), He oSpanjan HHKaKoro BHHMama Ha to, qTO OBa 
He HM*erb CTHxoTBopHaro pasariipa AyMT>, ROTopwii, Rani* a 
o6*bflCHHJn> 9to bt> nepBoft rjiaB*, cocTaBjiaerb ne cjiyqaftayio 
npHHaAJiewHocTb hxt>. OSpanjaiocb sarfewrb Kb n 3an*TRaMT> tt 
r. CyMuoBa no nosoAy Bnpnrb, KOTopuMt nocBflmenbi bt> 
KHHrfe Moefl ab* rjaBH — BTopan h TpeTbH. 

<H Mon> 6m 6e3i> ocoSeHHard TpyAa, noJib3yflCb paspaSo- 
TaHHbminb MaTepiajiOBTb 0 jiaTHHCKoft cpeAHeB*ROBofl noasiH, co- 
oCnjuTb bt> cBoeft rhhp& CB*A*HiE o TfexTb poAax r b ea, KOTopwe 
6 mm co3AaHbi cTpaHCTByion^HMH mROJibHHKaMH, TaRt HaabiBae- 
mmmh, BaraHTaMH h roaiapAaMH. He cocTaBJUfleTTb ceRpexa bt> 
HayR*b, qTO ct> 9thmh BaraHTaMH h roaiapAaMH MHoro cxoa- 
cTBa» npeACTaBJiHiorb HaniH ^MaHApoBaHHbie nbaM/i* h ff nHBO- 
p*3bi tf , ROTopwe coqHHSJiH h pacnpocTpaHfljiH bt> HapoA* BHpmH 
HpaBoyqHTejbHaro, HpaBOonncaTejibHaro h HCTopHqecRaro co- 
AepwaHia. 6e3T> coMH*Hin, MHoria h3t> bthxt> BHpnn> cjlohth- 
jihci> noAT> 3aaaAHO-eBponeftcKHMH BjiiaHiaMH, ROTopwa pasHbiMH 
nyTHMH npoHHRajiH b-b K)acHyK) Pycb. JIio6onbiTHO Oujlo 6m 
OTMiiTHTb 9tm nyTH co bc*mh nepeAaToqHWMH nyHKTaMH, C*b 

AORyMeHTaJIbHHMH CJTfeAaMH CymeCTBOBaHifl 9THXT> nyHKTOB'b^ 
HO 9T0 He BXOAHOEO BT» UAHWh MOerO COqHHefliH, TfeM'b 6oJi*e, 

qTO He Bee b^ BHpraaxi> mo»ho o6i>flCHHTb Teopieft saHMCTBo- 

BaHifl, HOMHMO GblTOBblX'b yCJIOBift WH3HH, KOTOpblH CJiyffiHJLH 
n()BOAOMT> KTj CaMNMl> 3aHMCTBOBHuiflM r b. He UOTOMy JIH>AH TSJCb 



Digitized by 



0 METOflAXTb H3yHBHIfl MAXOPyCCHHXT> ffYMT>. 



uk HHaqe jsju&m h HyBCTBOBaxH, hto yBireKajracb jnrrepa- 

TypHMHH SaHMCTBOBaHiflMH, HO UOTOMy SaHMCTBOBaJIH T* HJH 
HHhlfl JIHTepaTypHBIA OOpMbl, HTO OH* XOpOHIO BUpasaJH HX1» 

mbicjh h qyscTBa. Bott> Honesty, mh* RaaceTca, HywHo HCKaTt 
npess^o Bcero 3aposrAeHia hxt> Mbicxefi h HyBCTBi> bt> peaJXB- 
Hoif'b coAepacaHin hxt> khshh, h noTOM^b yae cj*Aarb 3a cjo- 
BecHoft oopsfott hxt> BhipaaceHia bt> npoH3BeAeHiax , b noeain, sa 

HCTOpHKO-XHTepaTypHblMH BXiflHLHMH Ha 9TH npOMBCAeHifl M*- 
CTHJblMH H HH036MHBIMH . OTCTynJIdHie OTT> 9TO& nOCJI*AOBaTe*b- 

hocth HeMHHyeMo BJieqen* sa co6ok> c6hbhhbmh npeACTaBJie- 
nia o6t> OTHOinemn no93in kt> khbhh, o caMofi cynjHOCTH no- 
93m. ]S<JLfi BMACHeHifl mejcjeh Moeft 6epy npHBrbprb y r. Cyii- 
u,oBa, KOTOpjuft, noBHAHMOMy, He Aaerb ocoSeHHoft n,*Hbi 6h- 

TOBLIMT> yCJOBiflMT* KB3HH, OTb ROTOpblXl* H^eTb nepBblft TOJL- 

qeRrb kt> cosAamio noBTHHecRHXTb npoHSseAemfi. Oht* Aynaerb, 

HTO H*CHH 0 BOJIORHTCTB* ffbflKa 3a ffieHH^HHOft MOIMH SblTb 

saRMCTBOBaHu ct> 3anaAa. H a aonycuaio bto. Oht> yTBep- 
2CAaeTT>, hto ram* BjnoSqasaro gbflKa hbt* HapoAHoft cxoBecHo- 
cth nepemexb bt> connHema Kbhtkh h KoTdapeBCRaro h aohuh* 
BOcnpoH3BOAHTCfl MCuiopyccRHMH ApamaTypraMH . H fl He npo- 
thbt> BToro. Ho H3T> Bcero npeAUAynj,aro oht> A^aerb bmbo/vl: 
9 cyacAeHie, roBopHTb oht>, o Hpasax'b coBpeMeHHbix'b ffbaqKOBT> 
no BHpmaurb XvIII b. hah no nepcoHasairb bt> KOMeffunrb 
KponHBHHn^aro 6wjio 6u HeocHOBaTexbHo" (98). 8Toro a He 
noHHMaio. HeyscejiH cocTaBHTeaH BHpnn> XVIII b. He hm*jih 
npe/jcb co6ok) acHBuxT> coBpeMeHHbix'b hmt> abhhrob'b? H pass* 
KponnBHHD.Kifl noBTopaeTb oaho h TO-ace, H3o6pa«afl TOJTbKO 

BeTXOSaB'BTHhIX'b ABHHKOBI>? 3ai*ftrb, HaROHen.'b, HCKJTIOHaTb OT- 

cioffa C04HHeHifl Kbhtkh h KoTxapeBCRaro, a. TaKse HapoAHbia 

H*CHH O BJEK)6HHBbJLXT> AbSHKaXTj? JtorHHeCRH H606X0AHM0 AO- 

nycTHTb, hto h bt> sanaAHO-eBpoueiicRHX'b n*CHax'b Toro ace 
poAa, Bt oa6jdo 9 HOBejuax'b h t. n.— to 3Ke HeB*pHoe H3o6pa- 
seHie acH3HH, Ta-«e HenpaBAa? 3HaHHT?> — no93ia ecTb ssyK'b 
nycTofi, ecTb CRasRa, He HMt^n^aa cepbeaHaro oTHomenia m> 

HCH3HH. Si H6 AyMaK), ^TOSbl Cb 9THMT> BWBOAOMb COrJiaCHJICfl 

caMi> r. CyMu,0Bi> h bc* oxothhrh JiHTepaTypHAix r b cSjinseHifi, 
KOTopua HMtK>Ti» BasHoe SHaieme tojebro TorAa, Kor^a bbo- 
AHTca CT> HaAJexcaiqeK) Hay^Hoio ocMOTpHTejibHOCTbio. CTpaH- 
CTByiOT'b no JiHn;y aeMHOMy roTOBHa nodTnqecRia TeMH, toto- 

Bbie THQH, KaKTb „TyiRH HefieCHbia, B-BqHO XOJIOAHbia. B'BHHO 

6e3njtOAHbia tt . Mo3KeTT> 6utb 9 oh* TaRi> h ocTajincb 6u 6e3- 

MOAHblMH, eCJIH 6bl RT) HHBTb paBHOAyUieH'b 6bIJTb OOBTb. Ho 

OHt cSjinacaerb cb hhmh BHyTp^HHifi Mip*b CBofi, OH'b Hanoji- 
HaeTi> nxnb SH3HbH) AyHH cBoeft. He 6esnjLOAHbi oh* h TorAa, 
RorAa naAaiorb Ha napoAHyfo HHBy, xoth, Koae4HO, MHoroe 

BTVoi*PA*racBOs oiomni. XXVII. 8 



Digitized by 



114 



9TH0rPA*H<nBCR0B 0B03P*HHB. 



3ftBHCHT r b OTT> CBOftCTBR CaMOft DOHBbl. B*b OffHOVb M*CT* OH* 

posAaiorb AHBUbia npoH3BeAeHia IIIeRcnnpa, bt> ffpyrom — y6o- 

Ilfl BHpmfl nUBOp*30Bl>, ROTOpblfl BT> CBOK) Oqepeftb Bhl3bIBaK>T"b 

h3t> AyuiB HapoAHoft 6oj*e rjyfioKie tohu, hbctbohho SByia- 

Wiie BT> AyMaX-b. JlBJfllOTCfl T6LKHM1> OOpa30MT> HOBHH HOBTHie- 

CRifl 00pm* ajih BHpaaeHifl 6poAflHHXT> xeMTb. H bottj aaAaqa 
HCTopHRa JiHTepaxypLi sauioqaeTCH, no MoeMy MH*HiK), bt> tout*, 
hto6m cj^AHTb sa nepejrHBaMH shshh b* noBTHqecRom> TBop- 
ibctb*, a ecjiH oht> orpaHEHHTCfl oShjhmh JHTepaTypHhiMH 
T6MaMH, He o6pam;afl BHHuania Ha to, RaRi> h noqeiiy bhaohs- 
MiBHJiHCb oh* noAt BiriflHieMi) KH3HH, to ocyAHrc> cam ce6n 
Ha OesnJOAHyio noroHio 3a B*TpoM«b bt> no**, h HHiero se 

HOftMeTb OHT> BT> HapOAHOft HOB31H, BT> HHAHBHAyUbHblX'b OCO- 

6eHHOCTflXT> HapoAHaro n*CHOTBopqecTsa. Oco6eHHO onacHO 
bto caMoorpaHH^eHie npn HsynemH AyM*, caMoft opnrHHajtb- 
Hoft ®opME* HapoAHaro ManopyccRaro TBopqeeTBa, ROTopaa, 

CKOJbKO MB* H3B*CTHO, HH OTKyAa He SaHMCTBOBaHa. BblXOJJ 

H8*b Toro nojQaceHifl, qTo oh* co3ahhh do nosoAy peaJbHUx*b 
ABieHifi 3KH3HH, A pasjraqaK) MeacAy bthmh BBjieHifiMH o6meie- 

JIOB*qeCRifl Orb M*CTHbIXT>, HCTOpHieCRHX'b, H MeSAy BTHMH 

noc«*AHHHH— syjbTypHO-SuTOBbifl orb no ji hthh ecRH xt>. Koh b^ho , 

CO BC*MH 9THMH HBJeHLflMH BT> 6 0 Jib III eft HJttf M6H bill eft CTCOeHH 

coBnaAawrb saHocHbia tomm, h a diary sa t*mt>, xarb Hpa- 

CTaJUHSHpyiOTCR OH* Ha HOHB* M*CTHOft BapOAHOft HCH3HH, a 

qTo6w He y r JOMTb ch orb CBoeft saAaqn, He Bxoaty bt> caMbift 
reHesHCb bthxt> Tein>. ^SL He nepexoARJTb, CRasaao bt> Moeft 
RHHr* ? sa qepTy T*x r b A&HHbixi>, KOTopbifl Aaera naifb (unmaft- 
raaa, co6ctb6hho nosanpaa cTapHHa, npeAOCTaBjaa apyrHirb, 

60JI*e ROBS Q6TeHTHMM r b CHJiaJTb, HCRaTb B*b AyMaXT> 0T3ByR0Bl> 
CTapHHbl OTAaJteHHOft tt . 

Tenepb nocMOTpnarb, RaKT> oraecca RTb MeTOAy Moero H3- 
cji*AOBaHjfl r. CynmoB'b. H3b*ctho, ito ocKopSaeme oTua 
h MaTepn CHHTaeTca bt> HapoAHoft MajnopyccRoM noasin Be- 
jHqafimHifb npecrynjieHieM'b. Oco6eHHO bmcoro nocTaBjeaa 
bt> Heit MaTb, RaR*b chmbojh> scero CBHToro Ha seMJi*. Besrb 

C0MH*Hitf, JK)60Bb R-b HBTepH eCTb MOTHBTb, p83BHTblfi B*b 
H083iH BC*X'b XpHCTiaHCRHXTb HapOffOBTS, H CCJIH 6bl OHT> 

BCTp*qaJiCfl Hairb bt> oahhxt> TOJbRo MajopyccRflXTb BnpmaxT>, 
to MOHfHO 6hjio 6h noAynaTb, mto bto RBjeme noApawaTejib- 

HOe. HO 0BT> Cb OCOgeHHoft HftCTOftqHBOCTbK) HOBTOpaeTCfl H 

B r b n*CHflxi> h bt» AynaxTi. 3aM*qaTeJibH0 npn BTOMT*, ITO B*b 
AyMax'b nocTOflmo HsoSpaHtaejca CTpaAaion^arf MaTB. H 9to 
He TOJibRO bt> AyMax'b ceMefinaro coAep»aHiH, ho h bt> h*ro- 

T0pUX7> AyMaXT>, H306paHMOn^HXl> 6oeByK) WH3Hb R038R0B < b. 
KRVTb BT> TbXTb, TaHT> H BT> ApyrHXT>, p*Mb HAeTb 06URHOBeHH0 




O METOflAXt H3YHBHIH MAJOPyCCKHXT> AYlTb. 115 



o jittimepw-tfdowb, KOTopaa coRpymaeTca o cbohxt* A*TaxT>, ho 
He o donepxxb^ a o cunovbsxb. OneBHAHO, bto ca^ht* Toil bhoxh, 
Korfla ^3T> ffeHB roAbiHhi, KaKt roBoparb ffyMa, SHMHaiiHea se- 

JIUKH BOfiHH Ha BKpaHHH**, KOrffR KeHD^HHW BT> 9THXT> BO&HaXl> 

' nacTO TepnjLH Myaei h c who b eft. Ay Ma ctohtt> Ha CTopoH* 
desaamHTHofl MaTepH-BAOBU h pacTOHaeTT> ropbnia yaopasHH 
HenocjiyfflHhiMi> cbihobbami*. To- ate A*jiaeTi> h Bapnia, h Ay- 
xoBHHft cthxt>, HasuBaKinjift MaTb npaedoio eupnon, a npaBAy — 
jcamepwo pudnm. GaOBa bth, b 3 at bin h3t> ffyxoBHaro CTHxa o 
npaBAfe h BpaBAfe, 6e3i> coMHfeHia, oTpasaiorb A'bftcTBHTeJb- 
hoctb, ecjin mm 6yaeMi> paayMfcTb noAT> AificTBHTejibaocTbio 
6jiaroroB*ftHoe ysaseme rt> MaTepa, paaBHBmeeca hoat> BJiia- 
HieMi HCTopHnecKaro momchtr h BoenpoasseAeHHoe bt> hobth- 
necRoft «opMJb. r. CyMii;oB'b HaxoAHrb, hto bt> Boupocfe o Ma- 
Tepa, o ea noBTunecROM'b o6pa3$, a comera „ci> acTopaKO- 
jiHTepaTypBofl hohbu Ha HcropHKO-CbiTOByio 6e&b AOCTaTOHHaro 
*aRTHHecaaro ocHOBaHia". t II*chh o npaBA* a KpaBA*, roBo- 

pHTT* OHT>, HM*K)Tb AJHHHyK) HCTOpiiO; OH* BOCXOAHTb HT> AP^B- 

uBfluiefl anoRpa®HHecKoft aHTeparyp*, o newb hoapoShocth 
cm. bt> AHCcepTai^iH r. MoqyucRaro o FojiyOiiHoft KHarfc. 0 aa- 
romt>-j[h6o OTHoraeHiH A^Teft kt> OTUfrWb Ha MaJiopyccaoft noHBfc 
HejiBBa cyAHTb no cthxotbo peHiaMt o npaBA* a apHBA* tt (101). 
H Haxoaty, hpo HeyAo6HO supBaTb to hjih Apyroe nojioHceme 
h3t> itfkiaro paAa fcaRTHHecRHXTb AaHHbixi>, ct> KOTopuMH oho 
CBaaano, h aaaBHTb o HeAOCTaTOHHOCTH ♦aKTHHecaax'b AaHaux'b, 
a 3aTbMT> cAfcjaTb cchurh Ha yneHuft HCTopaao-JiHTepatyp- 
huS annaparb, bt> ROTopoMi> crpynaHposaHbi AaHHHa, npeA- 
mecTByK>n^ia no BpeHeHH aaynaeMOMy MaTepiajiy... 4to we? 
Jivb auoKpH«H«iecRofi jHTepaTypw a AyxoBHaro CTHxa o Tojiy- 
6hhoS KHHPfe acate cAluiaiOTca ^oTHomeaia A*Tefi R*b OTijaMT> 
Ha MaJopyccRoft noHBfc?* H mosho jih noHHTb 6esi> btoS dohbu 
to, hto BupocJio Ha Heft, xoth 6bi h noAT> qyacHMH BjiamaMH? 
H HeyaejiH HCTopHRO-JiHTepaTypHutt MeTOAi» bt> tom* to jib kg 
aaKJtoqaeTCfl, hto6u BABHHyTb nsyqaeMoe npoHBBeAeflie Bb ro- 
TOBbiH paMRH, o KOTopuxT> caMi> ace r. CyamoBb roBoparb^ 

HTO OH* ^COBepmeHHO 6e3DJ[OAHbI B-b HayTOOM'b OTHOffleHitt* 

(102). flfixbe, ecjia pei^3H3eHTb bt> oahomi> m^ct* rosopHTb, 
hto a, y, H6 ao bo Jib ctb y a c b pojbio HCTOpHRa AHTepaTypbi, BTOp- 
raiocb bi> HCTopiw 6biT^ a (104), a AByMa CTpaHnaaMH same 
CTHBHTb mh* Ha BHA'b) too a AoaycRaio B o6o6n^eHia HO BH'fem- 
HHM'b, cayqaftHUBTb npH3Haaairb tt (102), npn newb pasyM'berb 
OH'b noA* oooSmemaMH to, hto a „a^h ofi-beAHHema wbcewb 
6epy cjhiiikomt> o6n^ia paMRH a (102), — to bi> OTBfrrb 
Ha bth 3aH*HaHia a AOJmeHi> caa3aTi>, hto r. CyMi^OBi* 
A*ficTBHTejn«Ho Hameai> ai> nocTpoeain MoaxTb Mucjeft to, hto 




116 



BTHOrPAftHqECROB OBOSPttHIB. 



6CTB H AOJUKHO 6bITB BO BCHROBTB HHy^HOBTB HSCJTfeAOBaHiH— 

qacTHbifl nojioaeHia h o6mie bbiboai*, ho tojibro oht> He o6pa- 
thji» BHHMamH Ha to, rfffc ctohtti nepBbifl h r«* nocji*RHie. 
OoMKHOBeHHO fl Hffy hh flyKTH bhmmtj nyT6Mi> orb nacTHaro 1Tb 
oSnjeMy, mh se orb nacTeft ki> itfuiOMy, h AYMaio, hto m> 

HCTOpHKO-MTepaTypHOM'b COTOHefliH HHCTO A^AyHTHBHhlfi nyTB 

noKa eme HeB03M03seH7> hjih, no MeHBmefi Mfepfe, HenaAeseH'B. 

fli&a OROHHaTejiBHaro BBiacHemfl HeAopasyirbHifi no noBogy 
MeTOAOBi> a ocTanoBJtiocb Ha IV h V rjiasaxt Moero coiHHeHifl. 

Bt> IY rjiaB-b a pa3BHBaio mhcjb, <rro MHoria aymh 6ojrfee 
paHHflro cjiowemfl npe^CTaejiflioTB AaJTbHiftmee pasBHTie n*fe- 

CeBHHX'B MOTHBOBT>. S Ha<IHHaK> Cb yRasama Ha SblTOBBIfl ycjio- 

bih, ROTopufl noAAepacMBaJiH bb HapoA* HHTepecb m> coAepaca- 
mm n-bceH'B o njrfeHHHuax'B, nonaBtHHx'B bt> TypeijRyio HeBOJuo, 
o TaacejiHX'B nocjr*ACTBiflXT>pa3opeHift h norponoB-B TaTapCRHxnb. 
BarfeM^ aepexoKy kt> caMbi&rB nrbcnzwb o n jt6h hhi# <xb h no- 
ApoSHO ocTaHaBjHBaiocB Ha tomt> thh* njrfeHHHn;T>, KOTopwa 
Ao6poBOJiBHO, OTRa3BiB&K>Tc# otb CBoero po Aa- n JieMeHH . Caepsa 
HAyTB ntCHH, tojbko HaMeicaiomia Ha npHqHHy btoto oTRasa, 

OOTOSfB T* nliCHH, B'B R0T0pUXT> npHHHHH BTa BBiCTynaen* 
flCHbe H OTHeTJIHBfte. TOJCBRO nOCJI* 8THXT> 6BIT0BBIX f B h nfc- 
CeHHBIXli qaCTHOCTeft a CHHTaH) BOSMOSHBIM'B rOBOpHTB 06l> H3- 

B*CTHoit Ay«* npo Mapycio — nonHBHy BoryciaBRy. Ectb h*- 
ROTopBie BapiaHTBi n*ceHT>, bt> eotopbixt* njrfeHHHija TOHte Haabi- 
BaeTca nonoBHOK) hsb BorycjaBa, ho MeHH He yAOBjeTBoparorb 
9th BfffcmHia MepTU cxoACTBa efl ct> Mapyceio, boch*toio b-b Ay- 

MaXB. SI CMHTaFO rOpaS^O 60Jtbe BaJRHBlVb TO oCCTOHTeJIBCTBO, 

hto bt> AyM* h iMySzse, H m Hp 6 paSBHBaeTCfl tott> caMbifi Apa- 
MaTtiqecKiS mothbb, rotophS OTMfeneHb bt> n4cHaxi>, a rjas- 
aoe — Ay^a nepeHocHTB btotb mothbb cb ceMettHofi hohbh na 
o6n;ecTBeHHyio. OTCioAa h fltjiaio 3aKJioqeHie, hto Ay*a o 
Mapyc* BorycjaBR* npeACTaBMerB hhhtO HHoe, KaK* nodTH- 

HeCRyiO ROMHOSHI^H) GOJE'be CJIOKHyK), MiBTB n^CHH, KOTopua 

ABjih MaTepiajn> A^a 9T0ft romuoshuIh; a TaRi> KaKT> MaTepi&t-b 
Aojaem* cymecTBOBBTB paHBme KOMnosai^iH, to mh* KaxreTCfl 

BeCbMa B03M03KHEJMT,, HTO TBOpn,M HtKOTOpblXTS AYMT> H0JIB30Ba- 
JIHCB rOTO BBIDfB y»e HfeceHHLiM'B MaT6piaJ0MT> AJIH CBOHXT> OpOHB- 

ueAeHifi. TaRT» me tohho & 6epy i^'feJBifi pflAi> n^ceHHux'B moth- 

BOBT> 0 CBaaaHHUXTj CO CMepTBH) R03aRH bt> CTenH, BAaiH orb 
pOAHMXTb H pOAHHBI, H U OCTene B HO BOCXOHty OTb MaCTefl Kb 

u$&omy— cnepBa rt» rbwb AyMairb, ROTopua He bbixoabtb H8«b 
c<pepbi ceMefiHbix'B oTHomeHift, noTOMi> r*b AyMaarb o 0eAop* 
BespojiHOiTB h Hfiac* KoHOBqeaK*, mo6p&7R&K>m t m'b Sojirbe 
CJioxcHbia oTHoineHia R03an;Kofi shshh, rA* OTA^JiBHbie irbceH* 
Hue mothbei nepepaSoTanu b^ oaho cTpottHoe n;*jioe. TaxoBU 




O MBTOAAX'b H3yHKHIfl M A J OPVGGRHX'B AVMT). 



117 



o6o6m;eHifl, CAftsaBBU* ■ ueoh> aa ocHOBaaia doKyMeumaAhuaeo 
aaaJHda irfeceB'b h conocTaBJieBia hxt» cb aym&mh cootb*tct- 
Byionjaro coAepraaaia. 

T. CyMi^oBi* HaxoAHTT> npe»Ae Bcero ^CTpaHHMMi** aarjia- 
Bie IV rjiaBu: ^OTpaareaie n*bceHHMx f b mothbobt> bt> BapoABBix'b 
MajropyccKHXT> RyMaxT>% xotb bt> bcmt* wbrb BHHero cTpaa- 
naro. ^a-irfee obtj roBoparb, hto w OAal* jhibb rojiharh pa30- 

6paHW nOKOfiHWBfb Il0Te6B6R) no MOTHBaWB U , H HTO „Bpflai> JH 
MOHTHO CyffHTL 0 H'feceBRHX'B MOTHBaXT), R&R1> O HeM'b-JIBGo A<>- 
CT8T0HB0 H3B'feCTB0M , b H Onpefl'feJteBBOM'b' 1 (105). Ho BtftB, MO- 
THBBI-TO, Ba KOTOpue yRa3MBaK) fl BT> n*CBBXT>, rfe C&Mbie. aa 

KOTopHe IloTefiBH yKa3ajn> bt» RojiaARax'B: bto — noAonHnna (cm. 
IIoTe6Bfl, CTp. 288), CMeprnt MOAodua, eope Mamepu (ibid CTp. /24 
h cjt&a )• T'feM'b Cojrfee CTpaBBO Baaffeqaaie: 9 mu Be aaxoAHMi* bt> 

9T0ft(lV)rJiaB* HHRaRHXT> M0TBB0B1>, eCJH BOBHMaTb MOTHBT> TaHT>, 

RaRi> noHHMaJTB ero IloTe6Ba a (105). HeyacejiH nuKamaz, ecM bto 
t* caMue mothbli^ hto h y IIotcSbh, t. e. npocrfeftmie aieMeaTBi 
irbCBH, H3i> ROTopuxT* cjaraeTca Go&'be hjlh Meafee n,*jibHbifi 
no9iH4ecRitt o6pasi>? /Jajrfee pei^6H3eBTi> roBoparB, hto a „orpa- 
BHHHBaiocb nepecRasoii'b h^crojebrhxii ffyarb", h npa btomt> 
saMfcqaerb, hto am Aoaa3aTeju>CTBa conoAHBaeaBaro OTBOine- 
aia n*ceB , b h nywb (B'fepoaTBO, nfcceB'B B7> nyuawb) a flcuaceBTj 
6bun> npHBecTH Bbi^epsRH Hsrb t*xt) h ffpyrnxt, bo „TaKHx-b 
BUAepiKeR'b, npOAOJHRaerb obT), bt> KHHrfe JKuTemtaro nmrtb u 
dumb we Mootcemb, hto npHdaaerb caMi> asTopib, saMfcHaionjift, 
hto n&n 9THXTb ffyMi* (o CaMofijrfe KomRfc, o6t>-Hb. BorycjuaBu,*) 
noHTH Beso3MO«uo noAofipaTb napajuejeft bt> ntCBJixTb" (105). 
Bo-nepBhixTj, mofb jib a roBopwTB o nfcceaBbix'B MOTBBaxrb, Be 
npaBOAfl BBiAepaKeiPb hb'b irfeceB'b (cm. CTp. 139 — 144)? Bo-bto- 

pbUTB, a rOBOpK), HTO 6CTB AyMbI, RT> ROTOpblMT* BeJB3fl BOAO- 

6paTb n^ceBBBixi) motbbobi», b Ba3BiBaH) bth AyMH. 8to MB*- 
Bie woe r. CyMWB , b nepeaocHrb ri> AyMaM*, bt> rotopuxt> 
a yRa3aJKi» □'bceaHue motbbh, h 3aT*MT> npHBBcuBaeTi mb* 
MB*Bie, hto rt> %yM&M r b BejiB3a yRasaTb n^CeHHhlXTj MOTHBOB*B. 
B'B-TpeTBHx'b, BBiAepaceR'B H3T> AyM'B^ noA«ii63Kain t HX'b cpaBHe- 
aiio ct> n*CBHMH, no ero MOBaMT*, b*tt> h 6bitb ae Moserb 

BTb MOeft KHHPfe; Ba CaMOMT> Se A*J1* HX*B OHeflB Mfloro (CM. 

CTp. 145 — 150),— Aa h caM-b r. CyMi^OB^ b*crojibrhmb cTpo- 
aaMB Bume sasBHJL'B, hto a orpaaMHMca nepecaasoMii b*- 
cROJiBRHX'b AyMi>, a ate npnSaBJiK) ott> ce6a: nepecaasoM^, ho- 
Topbifi conpoBowAaeTca BUA^patRaMH hst* a7mi>. HaROBem>, 
r. CyMD,0B r b yAHBjaeTCfl, RaKT> mosbo tobopbtb o&b OTpaaceaiH 
ntceHHbixT> mothbob'b bt> AyMaxi>, aorAa niceHBbiti penepTyapi> 
MaJiopyccoBTb CTaparo BpeMeaa coBciMT> HeHSBicTeHt (105). 
nocji-fe 9Toro SHflBJieHia ocTaeTca AonycTHTB oaho b3t> AByxi>, 



Digitized by 




118 



BTHOrPAQHIBOEOB OfiOSPfcBIB. 



hto hjih trfeCHH o ni*HHHD,axT>, o py6aHhixT> K03aKaxi>, do- 
rH6inHXT> bi> 6opB64 a* TypBSMH h TaTapaMH, oCpaaoBaiHCb 
H3T> nywb) hjih 3se hto OH* cosaaaM Bt Hame BpeMfl, nocifc 
Toro, BaKi> caMaa 6opjb6a 9Ta cA^JiaJiacb DpeAaaieMnb cTapaau 
iuy6oRoft. IIpBXOAflTca npsnoHBHTL to, hto CRasajn> IIoTe6flfl 
bt> CBoefi RBarfe: „06i>acBeBifl MajopyccBHxt h cpoAauxnb flap. 
ntceBTb 44 : „$yMaio, roBoparb DotcShb, mto TaRoro poAa nfecsB 
(o py6aHBixi> RosaRax^) npednoAaeawmcA AyMaaa „o CMepTB 
TpexTb 6paTfceBi> tt h „o CMepTB Oe^opa EespOAaaro", EOTopoMy 
poAT> 3aM*BBeTT> A*yp& a cfcqeBoe TOBapH ctb o u (II, CTp. 734). 
Bt> BHffy Bcero cRasaasaro se chhtbio bosmoshumx AynaTb, 
qTO o6o6meaia, CAftraaaHa mboio, BenpaBBJbBM. 

He OTBaauBaeTCH, BnpoqeMT>, orb ofiodmeaifi h caM?» r. CyM- 
uobt>, xotb btb o6o6meflifl ae Bcer^a yflaqau, xaRi> bto mm 

OTHaCTH BHA^JIH, OT^aCTH yBBABMl* B3*b MB^flifl ero 0 TOM*b, RTO 

6mjtb TBopma AyMt, BMcaasaaaaro hmt> no noBOAy V rjaBH 
Moero coqaaeaia. 

C^HTaio Heo6xoAHMiiM'B HanoMBHTB qHTaTejiio, qto nocxfe 
o6o3p£sifl BHpmeBMX'b h n*ceaBMX , b mothbobt>, passman- 
mnxcfl bt> AyMaxTb, Bt V rjasfc a CTaBJio Bonpoct: kto 6mjh 
TBOpi^a h nfcBijM Aym>? IlyTeMi c6jra»eaia ncaibvb cb jry- 
mbmb co ctopobh CTHxoTBopBaro nocTpoeaia T*X»b HffpyrHXT> 

fl npHXOSy RT> BBIBOAy, qTO CTHXOTBOpflaS OOpMa ffyiTb B03- 

BHRja aa noqBfc ncajBiro sapmeaoro npoacxosffeais. ftjia Meaa 
aeyftfiABTejEbfliJM'b RaHceTca saMfeqaaie r. CyMijOBa. qTO AyMU, 
CKQjvbKo u3efbemHo, cyn^ecTBOBajia yace bt> kohh^ XVI Bfcaa, a 
aaa6ojrbe CTapaaabie o6paan;M Bapmi> npHBoasy a, no ero 
MB*aiio, B3«b naMflTaaaoai> nojroBBBM XYII b. (92). Bo nep- 
bmxi>, H saaa), qTO bto ABJieKO BeH3B*cTH0, vhwb 6ojfee, qTO 
vb ApyroifB M-fccrfe caMi> r. CyamoB-b ae tbrt* pfemaTeJbao Bhipa- 
saeTCfl o6t> btomt* npeAMerfc (cm. CTp. 98). Bo BTopuxib, aa** 
RaRoft nojOBHHM XYII BfcRa — nepBofi a jib BTopoft? IlepBaa Bap- 
ma, 0TpuB0KT> B3i> ROTopoft npBBeAeai> y Meaa, otbocetcb stb 
1616 roffy, o qeirt a cjrtgOB&io 6m caasaTb pei^eaaeaTy, a qTO 
npoinio mbmo ero BaaMaaia. Torga CTaxo 6m acao 7 qTO xpo- 
aojioraqecRaa pasaai^a Mea«y noflBJieaieirb njwb a Bapnrb, 
ecjra «aae aonycTBTb noaBjeaie nepBofi Bapma B*b 1616 ro^y, 
ae TBR'b B6«iaRa, aaat bto eMy sejaTenao. ^a npaTOMt, 
roBopa o nnsojibBMxnb Bjnaaiax , b aa Ay mm, ayarao hm^tb bt> 
BBAy, qTO ao aacb aohijih Ay mm bti no3Aa%ihnax f b ycTBHXT> pe- 
AaKijiflxt, RorAa BapmeBaa JHTepaTypa mapoao pacaaayjracb 
no aapoABMMii mROJraM'b. Ho a*^o ae bi> btomt*. Bt> Bonpocfc 
o TBopmax'b a n*Bn;ax'b jijvb au Meaa Baacao to o6cTOSTexb- 

CTBO, qTO OBB A*8CTBBTeJbBO MOrJIH HOflBHTBCfl BO BTOpoM UO- 

jOBBBt XYI B*Ra. rjtaBBoe AORaaaTeJibCTBo saRJitoqaeTcsr ae 




I 



© METOflAXt HBYHBHIfl MAAOPyCCKHX'b JSJWb. 



119 



B'b TOBTb, HTO B'b AyM* o6t> "AjieBCfc* IlonoBHH* ynOMHHaiOTCfl 

jHija, sHBmifl bo BTopofl nojoBHHt XYI B*Ka, a bt> tomt», 
hto B'b bto BpeMA cymecTBOBajia y»e oOcTaHOBKa, hm£b- 
mafl CeacnopHoe Bjiiame Ha TBopnecTBO Ay* 1 - XapaRTepHiia 

OCOSeHHOCTH BTOft 06CTaH0BKH COXpaHHJH HftMT> IIHCBM(iHflhl6 

AORyMeHTu. Bi> bhhi*6 Moefl OTM'feneH'b oahhi> h3t> bthxtb AOKy- 

MeHTOB'b, H3T> KOTOparO HBCTByeTb, HTO BO BTOpofi DOJOBHH'h 

XVI B*Ka cyn^ecTBOBajn> oCunati ycTpaHBaTb npn n.epRBax'b 
He TOJbKO iukoju, ho h mnHTaiiH, a kt> caMMMt nepBbiM'b ro- 
Aasfb XYII B*Ka othochtcr AORyMeHTaabHUH yBasaaifl Ha mnn- 
TaJH „am JiiOAeii pm;epcbKHX'b otb HenpiaTejeft bt> pasnuxii 
OHTBaxTb noKajr-feHeHHwrb 44 . Maxepiaxb /uifl AyMi> A^sajia caMan 

2KH3HB BTHXT> ^pUI^epCbKHX'b JK)Aeft tt , HCD0JIH6HHafl OOaCHOCTefi 

m npHKJiiOHeHiB, a noBraqecRaa <aopMa AyMi> BwpaoaThiBajiacB 
hoa^ BJiiflHieMi) mKOJiw, KOTopaa, k8Kt> noRasano bo MHoraxi> 
MtcTax'b Moefl HHHra, coBMfcmaja bt> ceSfc caMtae pasHooCpas- 



6bi oSjienb SbiJioe bt> AyMy, TBopuu Ay*H> OTOBCiOAy 6p&iH Bpa- 
ckh — to H3i> HapoAHbix'b ntceH'b, to M'b BHpmi> pasHaro co- 
AepjRamfl, to h3t> CTapsHHbixi> HapoAHbix'b BeaHiaHifi, hoa- 
apasjieHHMX'b niROJibHbiMH RaHTaMH. CyAH no npeoSjiaAamio 
xpHCTiaHCRofi MopajiH B'b ApeBHtfimHX'b AyMax'b, BTO 6bIJH 
cmapuu, »HBmie B'b mnHTajiaxT), oneHb hbcto jhoah 6biBaju>ie, 
n OTi> HenpiflTejieft bt> paaeuxij 6aTaJiiax'b noHaJifcHeHHbie". Ho 

H BOBCe He OTpHIl,aK), HTO H3T> Cpeftbl B mDHTaJIBHbIX'b cTapn;HB'b tt 

moimh BbiABHHyTbCfl BoftcROBue Rodsapn, ROTopue, nojbsyacb 

Bbipa60TaHHOK) OOpMOK) AyMTj, CTOflJUH fiOJTfee HeaaBHCHMO, KaKT> 

o-rb niceHHaro, TaHT> h ott> BHpmeBaro MaTepiaaa, nfeirb nep- 
BOHanajibHbie TBopiju AyMi>. 9Ty hocji*ahk)K) mbicjib b Bbipa- 

3HJTb H B'b aaRJUOHHTeJTbHblX'b CTpORaXT> MOerO HSCJlfcAOBaHifl. 

Taan> cRasaHO, hto, cyAR no H3Bl*CTho ott> 1711 roAa, Ha 3a- 
nopoachH cjE^Dbixi> MyawRaHTOB'bnpHHHMajiHB'bnojiROByiocJiyatCy 
h BHA&Bajra EWb acajroBaHbe napaBH* ct> sphhhmh. Bt> cocTaBi> 
BToft nojROBofl My3URH MorjiH Dona^aTB jioah, oAapeHHbie hc- 
Rpoft noBTHqecRaro oraa h bi> TO-are BpeMfl coBMto^aBmie bt> 
ce64 KHHjKHoe HacTpoeHie ct> HapoAHUM'b: noTOMy HeyAHBH- 
TeabHO, ecjH Taarb-jKe, Bb 3anopo»CRoft C*hh, ct> canaro ocho- 
Bamfl efl B03HHBajH mothbh mhothxtj aymt>, H3o6njiOBaBmie 
peaJtbHbififb coAepacaHieMT> h, Moserb 6uTb A^^e, BoenpoHSBe* 

AeHHblfl BT> HOBTHHeCKOft OOpM* AyMT>, ROTOpblfl paSHOCHJIHCb 

hotomi> no Bceft YRpaHH*, nojiynaa Aajn»H*ftiHyio o6pa6oTRy bt> 
nojiyHapoAHofi, nojryRHHHCHott cpeA*, doctoahho noAA6p»HBae- 

MOft mnHTaJEHMH H HapOAHblMH HIKOJiaMH. 

Hto ace AyMaerb o6i> btomt> npeAMeo* r. Cyici^oB^? Oh* 
nooBfln^aeT'b Y rjiaBfe Moero Hscx^AOBaHia Bcero HtcKOJbKO 



Hue cjroBecHbie BJieaieHTw 





120 



9TH0rPA<DH1BCK0B 0BO3PftBlB. 



CTpORT> H, OCTaBJHfl BT> CTOpOH* IjiHTblft pARTi nOCblJORnb, npeft- 

mecTByiomHX'b MoeMy BHBOfly, orpaHHHHBaeTca saaBjenieirB, 
hto CTapn;u, „RaRT> jhoah oH3H<iecRH HeMomHiae, RaafcRH h npe- 
CTap*Jiwe, KaKt jhoah ^yOoraro <iHHa tt , He moimh co3^an> Taxis 
CH-onbHbifl xyAoacecTBeHHMH npoHBBeffeHia, r&ri> ay mm* (106). 
He ffyMaio a, hto6h „y6orift «raH«B tt HecoBMfccTHMT> 6bjjtb cb 
no9THHecKHMi> RapoBaHieMt, KOTopoe, aaKT> h3b*ctho, He ra- 
CHeTt h bt> HeMonjaxt CTap^ecRaro BoapacTa. BsaMfeHi* noero 
o6o6memfl r. CyMijOB'b npe^yraraeTTb CBoe: ^Bosmooicho, roBOpHTB 
oht>, hto h ^CTapH,d a 6bijih TBopi^aMH ayMT>, ho He TaKie yfiorie, a 
npedtwAoo/cumeAhuo TaKie. Kara 6oraTBipH BejiHROpyccRoft 6hjhhn 
o copoKa KaJiHKai'b ct> rbjihrok). Mootcemz ffwmb, /fbficTBHTejBHafl 
aH3Hb cTapoft PycH Rasa-aa TaKHxt Corarapeft, cTapijeKB-nt- 
CHOTBopn;eB f b^ 9to M08A0 6vmh npn cymecTBOBaHbi bt> ^peBHefi 
PycH hhh^bhckhxtj TOBapHmecTBt n 6paTCTBt. H3T> flpeBHHXT> 
jrfeToiraceft h noynemfi bhaho, h^o najroMHHKH xorhjih TOJinaMH, 
too npeAnojtaraerb npoHHyio opraHH3an;iK) B (106). Bt> KieB* 
eaceronHO mojkho bh^tb tojidh 6oroMOJiBijeBT>, ROTopbix* ofteaRo 
ate hhkto He cqHTaero 6oraTupaMH-n*cHOTBopn;aMH, cocTaB- 
jiaiomHMH ^npo^Hyio opraHH3an;iio a . H ecJH CTapijBi-irfcCHo- 

TBOpUM B03MOJKHBI filJJIH BT> ffpeBHeft PyCH, OOTOMy HTO BT> 

Heft cyn^ecTBOBajH HHnjeHCKia TOBapHmecTBa h 6paTCTBa, to, 

KOHeHHO, OHH B03M0JRHBI CblJIH H BT> K)JKH0fi PyCH, rfllj, RaKT> 

noffpodno pascnasaHO bt> Moeft RHHrfe, uinHTaJin bxoahjh bt> 
cocTaBi> TaKTb HasuBaeMBix'b ^cTapenHXT* 6paTCTBT> tt , ra* hikojih 
h mnHTajiH 6mjih ynpe»AeHiHMH ijepEOBHHX'b 6paTCTBi>. Tojibko 

BTH QTapmJ-H'feCHOTBOpnibl BB I03KH0& PyCH HftffeJIH fiOJlfee npO- 

CToft BHffi>, h*mt> Bejin^aBBie 6oraTBipH* n$CHOTBopn;Ei , noxosrie 
Ha copoKi> EajuHRi* cb KajHKoio. IIo MoeMy mhIsbho, H*rb na- 
Ao6hocth npn6*raTL rt> npeffnojro»eHiaMi>, Ror^a nsy^iaeMoe 
HaMH aBjeme o6i>acHaeTCfl HajoraBHMn h bhoih* AOCTOBtp- 
humh *aRTaMH. CyMHjOB'B saRanqmaerb CBOH goraflRH O TBOp- 
n;axT> /ryan* cjrfcAyiomnMH anoBaBor: ^cpe^H Tannxt CTapi^eB-b 

MOrJIH 6MTL 6oraTBipH-II*CHOTBOpBiia, HaCJTfe^HHKH ApeBHHXT> 

BaaHOBT>, npiflTejiH 3anaffHMXT> BaraHTOBTb h rojiiapffOBT*" (106). 

He Mory cjr*AOBaTb no BTOMy CROJB3ROMy nyra b*b OTKpH- 
Tin noflraHHuxt TBopn;oB , B HapoffHux-b MajEopyccRHxi> ayMi bt> 
ofijracTH fflHpoRHxi> ^ajibRjropHHX'b o6o6memft. ^to h roBopHTB? 

9T0 CHJIBHuft H IJJIOflOTBOpHHft MeTO^, HO T0JTBK0 BT> pyRaXTb 

ocTopowHaro h onHTHaro H3CJ*ffOBaTeJifl, oojia^aion^aro HyB r 
ctbomi> M*pH h npoB*paiOBa[aro MeTOfl^ cxo^cTBa mctoaomti 
pasjHqia. TenepB ate h hcho Bnacy orho, qTo ffM mchh 0606- 
meHie ecTB h^^to ncROMoe^ a ^jia Moero peu,eH3eHTa — h*hto 
roTOBoe. /(jth TaRHX'b o6o6n^eHitt mosho HfiHHsaTB n^Jtuit paffi 
napajuiejieft h cSjiHaeHift, BHCflmnxt Ha BOSAyx*, ho TaRoe 



Digitized by 



O MBTOAAXTb HBYHRBlfl MAJlOPyCCHHX'B HYWb. 121 



nocTpoeHie Synem bm*tb bc* npnsHaRH BpyAHnjH, a se 
Hayxn. 

3aKaHHHBafl cboh saMfcTHH, He Mory He BBipasHTB (taaro- 
AapHocTH r. CyiiijoBy sa to. wo oht> Rajrb mh& hoboa^ kt> 
nepecMOTpy mohxt> ^MBicjeit*. Bt> CBoe BpeMB a He BanncajrB 
npeAHCJOBia kt* hhmt>, npHmjocB TenepB BanncaTB bocji*cjio- 
Bie. CBOffiy Bee cnasaBBoe wb HeMHOiuirB nojoaseBiflM'B." TjiaB- 
Hoe, Raicb b3b£ctho, bt> HayK* — MeTOfl^. Best MeTO^a b*tb 
HayKH. Ho BOBMoseH'B b*b Heft He oahht» MeroR*. CaMa aayRa 
mnpe mctoaobi>. Dio Mfepfe ycBoeHia Bsyqaeiiaro MaTepiaja oaa 
BiiABHraeTi oahht> KeTOAfc 3a apyrHMt Tara, ssyieBie nywb 
BusBaJio upe»Ae Bcero BCTopeiecRift MeTOA*, BHHCBHBmifi 
Taftifl noApodHocTH b»b co^epsafliH nym, 6eaT> kotophxt> ae- 
B03M09CH0 6hjo 6bi AaJ«>B*fcnee ABHseHie bt> says* no bo- 
npocy o Aynaxii, o nt>OHCxo»flfcBiH h oco6eHHOCTBxi do&th- 
MecKofi oopiuj hx*b. %jle AonojraeBifl HCTopH^ecKaro MeTOAa 
noTpe6oBajiCfl HCTopHKO-JTHxepaTypHBifi MeTOAi>, ROTopufi, ot- 
npaBJtBfiCB oi*b fiojifte hah neH*e paspaGoTaaflaro HCTopHne- 
cxaro h BOo6nje GuTOBoro MaTepiaaa, CTpeif htca nocTasHTB 

erO BTb CBB3B CT> M&CTBBIMH HyJBTypHUMH BBjefiiflMH BDROJBI H 

AHTepaTypu julh Toro, htoSbi hohbtb ycjOBia, cpe^H KOTopHX* 

B08M03KH0 6BUIO HOflBJieHie TBBOft OpHrHHaJftBOfi OOpMBI flOB3iH, 

KaKt HapoAHUB MaJiopyccKifl Ay^Bi. 3Toro iiexoAa, no M*p4 
curb h yM^HBH, AepsajicH a. Ho caiio co6ok) paByM&eTCfl, hto 
a ae CHHTaio BonpocB 0 nyva.x'h HcnepnaBBBiMi* name bt> npe- 
Afcjaxi> Hoero MeTOAa, noaTOMy a nam* cBoeiiy coqBHeHiio 3a- 
rjiaBie: „Mbicjih o aapoABBix'B M&nopyccKBX'B AyMax-B". Enje 
6oxfee nsjiewb b orb ^bmnemR, htq rt> nyuawb aenpHM'bBHirB 
MeroA'B cpaBBHTeiBHO-HCTopHqecRift, npaKTHByeMBifi bt> oojibe- 
jiopHBixrB HSCJi^AOBamBX'B^ Tjsjb wb cpaBsesii) npHBJteRaiOTCB) 
rbe'b Chtobbib, TaBi> h JiHTepaTypHBiB HopMM, cymecTByiomia 
y APyrax-B HapoAOBi. 51 sejajra 6u tojibko, wo6bi npeACTa- 
BHTejH BToro MeTOAa H3i> yBasesifl m> HayKt o6jiaAaJiH Tep- 
nHMOCTiio no OTBomeuuo wt ApyrHH7> MeTOAaMi* ea, KOTopue 
Tose mrbiorb HeaiaioBaacHoe 3HaneBie. 



II. HlNTauKifi. 



Digitized by 



HtKOTopue o6wsaM m BtpoeaHifl KpecTbflHi HepenoecKaro 
ytaAa, HoBropoACHOH ry6epHiN *). 



CennwHHUH foctbdtA — CKAodnuuu. — B*b HHKOio-PaMeHCKom> npH- 

XOR*, ropCKOfi BOJOCTH, CBOTRH HaqHHaiOTCfl paHO, a HH6BB0 

ct> HhkojthhcI ffHff, 6 A€Ra6pn, a ycTpaHBaeMun B*b bto apeiM 
SojTbmia Cecfeflbi hm£k>tt> xapaRTepi> cws^hut Ha apTejibBbirb 
HaqaJiaxT>, Bt> h3b^cthomi> cejeaia napan corjamaiOTCfl Mearjy 
co6ok) C03B&TB Ba ryjiHBie cbohxtj AtBymeKt h mi> Apyrax* 
cejeBifi, B*b 3apaa*e onpeAfeJieBBbilt robb, npBBHMafl bc* pac- 
xoabi, conpHsesBBie c% 9thmi>, aa ce6a. K*b 9TOMy rbk) Ha- 
HHMaeTca npocTopaafl H36a am 6ecfeAU, npioop*TaeTca Repo- 
chht> bjh CB'feqH h rocTHfli^u ^jifl A'feBymeKT>. DpHrjraineHHiJfl 
A*BymKH cxoahtch aa ryjaaie, aaxBaTHBt ci> co6oio xynmie 
BapflAM, h ycTpanBaiOTCfl no poABMirb a saaRoiiBiirb. Ch> aa- 
CTynjeBieMT> abh Beceaifl /rfeByiDKH xon&vb no bc$mi> AOMairb 
cb ntcHAMH, noRadbiBafl cboh aapflAH, a ct> aacrynjeHieurb 
Benepa coSapaiOTCH bt> aanflTyio asfiy, ta& y»e aojrha&h>tc* 
hxt> napBH cb rapMOBHRaMH h nponie spaTeaa. 3aBOAflTCfl 
n-bCBH h arpu; aasBaaifl arpi>, cjyataiAHX'b npenpofioatAeaieirb 
BpeMenH, cjrfeAyiomifl: „aceaaxaBbe% „coc*ah% „6apa u h „i*a- 
peBsa a . BecejffTCfl aa 6ec*A* bmotb ao yTpa. Kaxflaa a*- 
ByinRa oOasaTejiBBO nepeMfeBarb cboh capaoaau afccROXbRO 
pasTb, cb u*jibio noRadaTbca spHTejiflMT. bo bc*xt> cbobxt> aa- 
fflAaxT*. Taaifl 6ec*AH bt> AaaHOMi> cejesia GhiBaiorb seiepa 
no Tpa; sarfeM'b ycTpaHBatorb rA*-BH6yAB bte> Apyroirc* ceje- 

BiH. Oco6eHHhIlTb MHOrOJHOflCTBOMT> H nopEAROlfb OTJHMaiOTCK 

SecfeAM bt> c. HaRoxo-PaMeHte a rt» noxBajifc napaeft 06x0- 
AflTca 6e3i> boarh, a noTOMy h h^tt* oShiqnux'b 6ecfeflBhixT> 6e3- 
o6pa3itt. Bt> ApyrnxTb ORpecTHbix'b npaxoAaxii TaKHit 6ecfca/b — 
CRJiaAHHB'b He ycTpaaBaioirb **). 

IIpuHotueHiH oKteAtwoMb . M^CTBoe aacejreaie saBHMaeTca we- 
jE'bSBfaiM'b npoH3BOACTBOMT>. H bott>, npH nepeB03R* Kejrfcsa H 
rB03Aefl, bt> ceJieHiflxii, rjtf& BCTptqaK)Tca qacOBBH a npa bhxt> 
KpyacKH ajh ABaen, RpecTbaae RJia^yTb okojio RpyaeKT> RycRH 

•) Cm. ,8THorpa<lHnecKoe 06osp4Hie a XX, 121. 

••) He ecTb ah 3to ocTaTOKi cTapHHBofl ,6paTHHHB-HHKOJbmHHH 8 ? Ped. 



Digitized by 



0BB1HAH B7> HKPBIIOBCKOM'b y., HOBrOPOACBOft TOB. 123 

acejfesa, rBOSffs, a HBOi^a h iyfeahie * seJitSBiae npyTBH. CaMO 
co6oio paayM-feeTCfl, hto bth npHHOineflia 2&rbm> npoAaiOTca h 
cocTaBxawrb aoxoat*. hacobhh. 

JIoHumanie tuwinwb. — Bt> BayuKOMt npnxoAfc, TopcEofi bo- 

JEOCTH, Ha^HHRfl Cl> 8-fi DflTHHII^X HO IlaCXfc H AO CaMarO ELttB- 

HHa aha (20 ijoja), BaceJieHie no nflTHm^awB Be npHKacaeTca 
bh kt> KaKofl paSorfe, A&2te bi» ropaiee BpeMfl cfeHOKOca; sa 
HapymflBniHX'B btotb oCbi^aft HajiaraeTca mTpaat 3 py6jia, 
BOTopue npaiaraiOTca kt> MipcKHM'b cyiwMaMi), 6ojn>meK> qacTbio 
nponHBaeMbiMT> spa. Orporo npHAepHHBaacb BToro oSbrqaa, bt> 
ochob* KOTOparo jiearBrb iuy6oEoe nowraBie npopoEa Hjiin h 
nflTHHn.hi HjbHBCKofl, bth cejieBia, no dOBaMt Bayiasi^flKO-Cbi 
Meate CTpaAaiOTb orb rpaAoCBTin, ypoacaH Jiy<nne, ydopsa c*aa 
h xjrfe6oBT> coBepmaeTCH 6e3T> dom*xh co CToposu noropu, <ito 
p*«e GusaerB bt> ApyrnxT* npnxoAaxi>, ae npHAepsHsaion^Bxcfl 
BTOro oGbliaa. (Ot* i-Ha x. Cpew. Abo pa, Aaeicki Byperauia). 

ApMU3(mckiH Hepo3MmiwAs dem>eu. — ^ajieKO aa MOpHMH HfHBerb 
HapoA*b ApMusonu (^apMaaoBM — epaHE'b-MaccoBBi?). HapoATb 
9toti> o6jiaAaeTT> BepaaM'bBBiaMH A^BBraMH, HOTopuH, nonaAafl 
bt> Apyrifl CTpaBM, cjiMByrb hoa'b hm6B6mi> w apMH30BCKHxi> py6- 
jieft a . 3aB*TBaa iienTa npocToro ^ejOBtKa AocTaTt 8thxt> ag- 
Herb, TaKi> KaHi>, hm*b TaKofi pyfijb, motkho skhtb npHni- 
BaiOMH^ nocjrfe KasKAofi noEynRH py6jo> BopoTHTca Bt KapMaHt 
npeacHaro BJiaA*JBii,a. Out Tepaerb cnoco6HOCTb BpsBpanjaTbca 
jfflmb bt> TaKoft jtaBEii, Tjib Ha noporfe npndHTa JioinaAHBaa 
noAKOBa, EOTopyio ToproBHH npHdHBaiorb a^h ycniunBoii Top- 
roBjH h 66ju>raaro npHBjreHeBia noEynaTejeft. 

noHtmanie pow?b, depeeteeb u Kcmneti. — OKpyaraiomaa npn- 
pOAa HM*Jia Boo6m;e Ha nejEOB-feRa bt> asbiqecRia BpeMena 
3HaqHTeJibHoe BjriflHie, h Mip*b pacTHreJLHbifi nojbsoBaJca 
b*b to BpeMH 3HaqHTejLBHMi> noq HTaHieMTj h o6osaHieMi>. 
Ci> TeqeHieirb BpeMean, noffb BjriaHieMi> xpncTiaHCTBa, Apes- 

Hftftmifl BtpOBaHia ROpeHHMM-b 06pa30M'b H8MfeHHJHCB, ho 3a- 

b*tbi CTapHHM, nepeAaBaeMMe h3t> poAa bt> poat>, sceraEH 
AomjEH ao Hamero BpeMeHH bt» bha* cMyTHbix'b cyeB*pift hjih 
B<b ©opirb oahhx'b ofipflAOBi), 6ez r b noHHMaaifl cymHOcra nxT>, 

TaR*b BaBT> npHqHHM B 03H HR H 0 B6BQ ff TOTO HJIH AP7 ror O 06- 

pflAa saTepfljincb vb paA* noKOj*Hift, h casfb Hapognb npo- 
A*JbiBaerb see bto Tenep* 6e3C03HaTejn>H0, bi> CMy npeAaHia 
h npwBbiqKH, o6fl3aTejtHo npiypo^HBaa HcaojcHenie bthx'b 06- 
pflAOB'b vb xpncTiaHCTBy. noATBepKAemeirb BTOMy cjryBCHTb 
Meat Ay npo^Hirb coxpaHHBmeecfl ao cero BpeMera B , bpa3Hbixi> 
M*CTaxi> Poccin HBHoe pexnriosHoe no^HTaHie pasraqHux'b npeA- 
m6tob^ oKpy«aion;eft npHpoAH, Hanp. A^P^BbeB'b n n,*Jibixi> 



Digitized by 




124 



dTHOIYAOHIECKOB 0B08F4B1K. 



pomi>, KaMHeft, HCTO^HHKOB'b h T. a. TIo DTOMy Bonpocy MB* 
npfruuiocB oCpaTHTt BHHMasie bt> K>KHoft nacTH HepenoBeij- 
Karo y*3ffa, Hoeropo/iCKoft ry6 , na o6HJiie ponvB, rrmaTejaao 
oxpaHfleMHit. TaKia pomn coctohtb (SojrtmeH) qacTbio h3t> 
cocbobmx , b 6ojbmHX , b ffepeBBeBT> BejHHecTBeBHaro bhrb h ciy- 
warb bt> HacToanjee BpeMa Aaate b*kotopmmt> yKpameflieirb 

MfcCTBOCTH; npH MBOrHXT> H3T> HHXT> BBICTD06BIJ laCOBHH. Cy- 

mecTByioT'b TaKia ponjH bj> YaoMCRofi, ^MHTpieBCKoS h Top- 
CKoft BOJrocTaxnb h bt> cj&fljiomBX r b cejteHiax'B: Ejiexoetb («m- 
cobbh, a bt> AynJ* OABoro nepeBa pomn HaxoAHTca HBJieHHbift 
KpecTT>), Civupoefb) (qacoBHa), Cmenanom (qacoBHa), Konopem, 
AOHdauMb (qacoBBfl), Eopy (qacOBBfl), Ocmpoey, 3aepaotcbfb^ Kap- 
noetb, 3adnin ^ydu (nacoBHa), ttenumh (qacoBBfl), flmntb (qacoBHa), 

EOAhWOMb PflOptb (laCOBBH), FAUHCKOMb MwUKUHtb (nacoBBH). IIpH- 

3HaKaMH noquTama 9thxt> pomfb cayman*: bo 1-xt», hxt> He- 
npHKOCBOBeBHocTb, t. e. oh* no oSn^eny corjtaciio ofimecTBa 
^3anoBiAaHbi tt doao6ho cbs njeB h li mt> pomaM^ ApeBHHXT> aapo- 

AOBT>*, BO 2-XTb, OKOJIO MHOTHXTj ponyB, KaKT> fl CBUBaJTb, BBICTpOCHU 

bt> HOBMuiee BpeMH qacoBHH, npHnesfb se nyarao RyMaTb, 
qTO pomH HacaareHU bocji* ycTpoficTBa cejieBia n nojyRHJH 

CBOK) CBBTOCTB OTTb HaCOBBH, TaKT> HaRT> 9TH pOHJH COCTOHrB 
MT* BfeKOBHX'B BeJTHKaHOB'B, BT> CpaBHefliH CB KOTOpBIMH Ha- 

CToanjie jrfcca KawyTca mojioabmh; bt> 3-xt^ cymecTByeTB 
mhoto pascKasoBii o tomt>, ito rto noKymaJiCH cpyfiHTb xotb 

OffHO AepeBO H3T> 9THX7> pOH^Ti, TO CT> HHMT> BCKOp* »e CJiyna- 

jocb KaKoe-BHdyAB HecqacTBe: jih6o ocjrfenHerB, jihOo 3axBo- 
paeTi> h yMperB; bt> 4-xt>, nojoAewb, h3t> yBaxeHia rt> bthmtj 
pon^aMii, HHKorAa ho co6npaeTca noAt hhmh secejutTBca h bo- 
Aktb xopoBOgu bt> BeceHHee BpeMH. 

IIo^HTaHie se otaImbhbix'b AepeBbeBi> BbipasaeTca b*b 60- 
cja6ofi CTeneHH. TaKi>, Hanp. : Bimaiorb na A^peBBfl Tpa- 

QOHKH HJIH nOJOTOHn^L CB HaiBHTBlMH Ha HHX1> HepBUMH HJH 
RpaCHBIMH KpeCTHKaMH, KOTOpbie 6bIJLH nepeA^B T*MT> DpHfiHTBI 

rt> HapyaHoft crtH* AOMa bt> Teqeme inecTH h6a^ib, Ha oc- 
HOBaeiH noBtpba, hto Ayma yMepmaro bt> npoxoAsesie 40 
AHeft npHJieTaerB bt> CBoe SbiBraee sHJiHii^e^ yMUBaeTca BOAoft 
h yrapaeTca BBiBfcineHHBiM'B noaoTeai;eMi>. Tanoe A^peBo ira% 
nopoAM MOssceBeJBHHKa p*akhxt> pa3M4ppBT> HaxoAHTca, Hanp., 
bt> a- fizHuwb; oho ace yB^maHO nojOTeHn,aMH. ^pyrie, no 
HCTeqeniz yRasaHHaro cpoKa, b uB'feiuHBaiorb btr TpaaoHKH ea 
upnAopoacHue RpecTBi. Jiflwbe, A*ByujRH bt> «eHb BeceHHflro 
Eropifl npHBHSBiBaiorB RpacBBie JEOCRyTU Ha SepesBi, BBfcpaa 
hm*b cboh) cyAB6y h saraAWBaa o CBoeft SyAymeft aoji*, a bt> 

TpOHH.blH'B AOHB QyCRaiOTb BTH JOCRyTRH Ha BOAy. 

H3B*CTeH'B OOhlHaft npOTaCRHBHTB OOJKBHUX'b CRB08B AYMH- 



Digitized by 



0BH1AH B7» HEPBOOBCROVB Y., HOBrOPO^CKOtt FTB. 125 



CTUfl AepeBBs; xoth 3A*cb oht> He coxpaHHJrcn, ho saTO Ha- 
6jnH)ffaeTCH TaKofl cnoco6i> fbiem* oojbHbix^ Afrreft: hmchho, 
hxt> npoTacRHBaioTB Mewffy CTyneHHMH crboshoS ji*cthhi^u 
(a. Bopi>, YjioMCKOft boji.). flajrfce, itftae6Haii cnjia npHAaeTCfl 
AepeBy enje bt> HfeKOTopux-b cjiyiaflx'b, Hanp. npn 6ojih bt> 
noflCHHi;*: mtoou nojiyiHTb oSierqeme, (JojBHoft AOJraceH'b 
noTepeTBca oSeaaceHHoft cnHHoft o AepeBflHHbifl noAnopra, cto- 

flll^ifl OKOJIO 3a6opOBT>, HJEH «e O CpeAHIOK) CT*HKy OBHHa (a* 

KjionyaoBO, Yjom. boj.). M&neHbBHXT> A*Teft npn GeacoHHHitfb 

CTyRaiOTb DflTKaMH O CTfeHKy BT> HeiKHJIOtt XOpOMBH* (c. Mo- 

pou,Koe, MopoaRofi boji.)* Xotb bi> bthxt> cjiyqaflxi* nrpaerb 
pojb He croflmee ha KopHK) a^P^bo, a tojibro coopysenifl h3t> 
aero, ho B*pa bt> KaKyio to cMy, npoHcxoAHmyio HMeHHo ott> 
AepeBa, hcho BupaaaeTCfl bt> Bume npHBeAeHHbix'b $aKTaxT>. 

IIoHflTaaie KauHefi h Bfcpa bb Hx f b HyAOAfcficTBeHByio CHJuy 
HafijiioAaeTCH bt> oahomt> hsbIicthomT) mh* cjiyqafc, a hmghhoi 
npa 6oji*3hh „03biRT>% nponcxoAameft ott> n AypHoro raasy* 
(npH3HaRH: HeAoatoraHie. h jrerKoe JiHxopaAOHHoe cooroflHie), 
coSnpaiOTi, bt> nojrfe n RaaceniKH-6pHKyHKH a h3T> MejiKHxt sa- 
jryHOBT>, ROTopue oSMUBaiorb bb KaKoft-HHdyAB nocyAHH* bo- 
AOfl H 9T0K) BOAOK) ORaiHBaiOT'b 6ojibHoro ct> npoHSHeceHieM'b 

MOJlHTBTb (A- KopOTHeBO, IleTpHHeBCROfi BOJOCTH). 



Coo6n^HJi> M. K. rep€icuM(m m 




YKpaMHCKifl iiereHAU m BtpoBamfl, cBH3aHHUH ct> MMeHaMN 

HtKOTOpUXl> CBflTblXV 

1) IIopoKb Ham (20 iiou). Yean 3Tb Sro ciriflBCfl: 9 mp fi 
Hjn>fl qojioBHRi>! BHHt TyMa! bhht> He sna nKhA h achb!" Bhht> 
6jtbi> njoxeabKuft, HHKOMy HHHoro — 9 CMiftcfl, Bon* 3Tb T060H) tf . 
Ct&bt> Bory mojhjtbch, CTaB'b nHCHBiRaTB, y nsxHiamo n ce- 
pe^y pas'b y a^hb &hbi> art* coHn;e safiAe. A TocnoAB aHroia 
cocjiaBii. „ILibfl tf ,Rase, 9 UpopoRa, xoienib ao TocnoAa Bora* 4 ? — 
Xoiy, Ta «kt> to M6hh focnoAb jacTb? — y) Sbi r b xo^enib, Tairt 
to6h Bon> h AacTb-, tu 3Haemb UoHeAiuioR'B? 44 — A ARi>-se He 

3HaiO? Mbl 3T> HBIMT) y OffHblM'b MHHaCTBipH CHOBHflaJIblCb H 

npuqamajrucb, h Bemwb npeocBflmeHHbift He ftncTbi. CRopoM- 

Horo a TocnoAb £ro, hrt> bhht> safiojins-b, ysABi* Ha He- 

6eca; abb ysAB?> Ha Hefieca, OTRpbiBTb, mo6i> 6yB*B bhht> cba- 
TbiMii: n Tu, CBHTbift Hibfl, 6yjb CB&TbiM?> h UpopoKOK); XTO 
to6h 6y«e MOJUUTbCA, tbok> MOjrwTBy no^MTaTbi, — HacbiThi cbh- 
tok) nwmeio a . Kibfl IIpopoKT> saBHgye OTije mo xjihSt* poABiTbi 
qoJiOBHKT> posBie Tafi no&Hae , a bhh-b no csoeMy Harjra^ae^ 

skt> qoJOBHKT> Bora MOJieTa ero, BLibio, npoce, to! Hh- 

^bitt Rase: „xn6a Hjiba HpopoKT> Borbl u Haouoga orb To- 
cno/ja Bora, TocnoAB hhmt> saMbinua (nochiJia): „0TTaKi> h 

TaR-B U , H CBHTUft* IIOHeAHJIOR'B (BMiCrt CB HXBeft) *). 

Hjibr 3aBtAyeTb rpoMOirb. „Ba6ycH), aja qoroarb boho rpe- 

MbiTb?*— /Jjia Horo rpeiiuTB? xa toto rpeubiTB 

nero jiHTa ceMHan,ATi> hojiobhrt> y6biBT>, RasyTB. M n,mrb 3a- 
BHAye Hjibh IIpopoKa. KasyTB, mo to Ayma CBHTa (y6HTa rpo- 
mdmT)) — Borb ero saae, hu go Toro He aoxoabimo. Y hbct* cba- 
meHHRi> 6yBi>, a n^e ahbhbihoio 6yjia, Tafi Rase 6yjio: „art> 
6m MeHe rpoMii y6biBT> 9 a moh lionaRA H3"b poahbi yiiepja, to 
mu-Cti npocBHTMJiMCb 6u y aboxb c*b nonaABeio a . A eaty Una 
IIpopoRa npucHMBCfl — sacHyB'B (SaTioinKa), rrb oti^m pe*m npo- 
roBopbiB'b: — w He 6yAe, SaTioiuRo, Toro, mo6*B Te6e rpoirB 
y 6biBT>^ — TBi He nowraemb CBHToro Hjibio IIpopoRa; yxpeuiB 



*) Cm. n AHTponoMop<(iraeciiA npexcTaBieHU u di-oorp. 06osp. II, V, 161 erp. 





YKPAHHCKIfl nrBHffl R BfePOBAHIH. 



127 



th nwb boakh* Bmwb (6aTH)mRa) *kt> ycTaBT>: „MaTymEO, mo 
M6HH CHMjroca! tt — „<H-» to6h crhabrbi pasfiupb nasajia, mod* 
Tu tbi He iibib'b BOffKH, a tu He cayxaeniBl tt 3aaBiB7>; oaho 
ifae, 0^ ho fifle Ta.nBe BOARy,- art* cxhjebibca Ha cTyjH, TaRi> 
h 3acHyBT> (yMepnb). Y Shx-l xpecTBHBe 6yjibi — 3a nonaaeio 

B3flBT> — H #0 4KH TpU^ DJO BOHB1 #3MT> He D06BUH (KpeCTBflH&MT>) — 

h 6och, h rojtn, h rojiOAHH xoaujbi. DEWb hrt> yMept, nonage 
OAHy ffo«iRy oTA&ita, xto ero 3Hae Ryaw h sbbhs'b; ffpyry sa 
o6T>ftH3waqoro— TaRi> MynBiBi*, Tairw uynwb hokbi He iiobh- 

CBuracB y jthch (8th oaRTH, oiobhaho, npHsmaiOTCfl Ram> 

HaRaaaHie sa rpfexH GaTioniRH). 

3a pafioTy wb aeHB Hjibh MowerB nocjrfeAOBaT* HaRasaaie, 
HanpHMip'b: „Tejw 3A0XHe*. 

IIoHap'B, npoHcmeffinift ott> rpoMOBoro yAapa, TymHTB He 
cjrfeflyerb. .TyniBiTB hcjibbr— ffyxe 6yAe ropHTb h ae aaTy- 
inBiniB. Cthsorti y cycHAa 6jwb HeyRpuTBift, Aonv* bhiiiob'b. 
„I],eft Hjibh xoht» kojiu Hapo6e thujulbI* (tobophtb coc*at>)— 
h gaBaft npuRpBiBaTb^ art* HBiHys-b nepBO Ha cthfb, bkt> yga- 

pblBT) rpOMHb, a CTHJRORT> flRT> CBHIRa TOpBITB. A BOHO CZHJtJ Hffe 

qoJiOBHB'b, cuepeAy (y Hero OAe»Aa) art* pw3Bi: n no6j>uii ho- 
jiOBHne, He Tyinu, He TpeBoarc>, aropuTt Toft cthi"b, mo tu 
npuTpycHBi>, Taft noTyxHe" .. Bort MBijyB&Bi> (ocTajBHoe 
yu*ji*jio). 

HenacTafl ^ HJia opaieTCfl b% rpoay bt> Tpy6u. ^Bhh'b TyAH 
xoBaeTbop, art> Bepxi) HeaaKpwTHft, JiyKaBwft xoBaeTBua u . 

Art* HaxoAe rpoaa, Tpe6a hbitbtb: „bu aarojiH cbath, h 
tbi, Hjibh IIpopoKa, h Bojtb — Ca.iiaBoxT>, hchojihb He6o h 

36MJH, H TBI, CBATBlft Bo«e, CfiflTbltt RpHDKBlfi, HOMblJiyft HaCT> 

rpHmHBixT) a , a to bhht> (jiyRaBbift) hhaxoa** hha'b nojiOBHRa. 
IIhcja Hjtbh HeJD»8ff RynaTBi^H — 6yAe rojosa 6ojhtb — y 

BO AY HaMOTOBT>. 

(Cm. IlporpaMMy ajia coSnpyaHiff araorp. CB*A*Hifi, hsa. H. 



2) CbatoB BaocM (11 «eBp.). — „ Ob htm ft Bjiacift HaBHAye po- 
raTOK) crotbihoh). Hanrb nbiCBiteHHBiS AHAycB 6yjo 3i> Beqepa 
npuRaaye: ambhtbch, mojoabiuh, modi* saBTpa npHHecjiBi pa- 
HeHBRo BOfluuH 3i> EpuHfiiniH, HaJuitTe y numRy a6o mo 
TaMT>, nocTaBTe Ha noRyTH, dhai> cbrtbim'b, Ta BRHHBTe CTpa- 

CTOBOH CBHHKbi; Hexafi CTOfiHTB AO TpOXTb jeHB, IlOKhl CBflTBlfi 

Bjiacifi He HarjiRHe; Ha Tpera cyTRM bhht> AhAh ocbhtmtb h or- 

pOHBITb. tt aR«b BUCTOfiHTB (BOga) Tpoe CyTOR*b, yBHJBlOTB y RO- 

jroAesH, cROTBiHy no xahbrmti noRponjiflTB • H i^e 6a6ycn 6yjo: 

^MOJOABmH, BHeCBTB RCMeBBRy npflABIBa u ; BH3BM6 TpBI MB1- 

qe^KH sMBi^e; BHSBMe h nojo^ce Ha noKym; Bon> AhAh cbat wfl 




757—789). 



Digitized by 




128 



dTHOrPA4>H<IB0KOE OBOBPftHIB. 



3Hae, ag Bona #hxt> xHHe. Si 6yao nbrraio: ,6a6ycio, a** qoro 
boho?"— y^KopoBy nHAKypuTB, Taw, mo npuKbiaeTbCJi" (Cm. 
IIporpaMMy, 578 — 586 bood.). 

3) CBHToft EeenuMpvu C2o nana). — HeHSBfcCTHO, qeuy noKpo- 
BHTejibCTByeT'b. „Ero thhb jeacHTb (bt* B'fejiropoA'fe), a cain» 
iihiuobT) y KHftHBfa ajih Toro, mo BCHKbifi (6631* pasSopy) npn- 
MaAyBaBCfl; MWjyBaBT> h cjinnoro h Hpusoro:, y cTapa ro;i;u 
CBflTuft TocnoAb h IleTpo xoauju Ta BSHaBa-nu jiioAefi-, Te- 
nep'B He 6yAyTi> xoautb qepesi* OAHy BOARy, Ta noraBH cjosa; 
h 40J0BHR0BH cayxaTu He xoqeTbija, Hepe3 r b OAHy jiaftRy Cbh- 
Tbift He nHACTyQe tt . (Cm. Ilporp., Bonp. 798). 

4) Heam Boum (30 hou).— FascRasiniia CMfeniHBaex7> HsaHa 
BoMHa cb HsaHOM'b Tojiobochkok) (KpecTHTeJieM'b, 29 aBr.) 
— Ha Cyxoro HsaHa Mara B7> npa3AHbiKi> CTajia KpumuTb Ka- 
n y CT y. fluxHHa njiaqe— AWTHHA^e ahjio: „y»e th m&hh bbh- 
pbiBCfl!" MaxHyja pynoio. Taft SHfljta roJiOBy- cmeniija pyKM, 
cnjiecHyja pyKaMbi Taft ORaneHMa; TocnoAb aarojia SHCJraB'b— 
B3ajiu Ha He6o a . Bt> 8tott> npa3AHHRi> ^HejbSH RpumbiTB Ka- 



5) Cb. AnmoHuda. — „Pocy cb. Ahtohbia& A&e; XT0 Buita no- 
qnxae, MOJre6HH cjryace, TOMy Bona Aae xopomy pocy^ hrte> pa- 
HOKt xojioAHbift, a6o Tenibift — cb. AHTOHbiAa TbiMTb) saBHAye a . 

6) Ba6a 6yjro EaJKyxb: „yqbiHHTb, mojoabiii.h^ nmeHhiqHOH 
MyRbi; saBTpa zpectm nemiw". CaeqyTb ooMOTarojb n jaTOHKOMt , 
Taft ycTpoMJiHTb y nmeHbimo, y 6oHRy, h ctoRhtb Taurb, noKbi 
ciaTb; toah xpecTb 6epyTb Ha noje, poaciioTb nureHHiuo, no- 
jaMaioTb, Sn^flTb. Byjia nmeHHii;H!... Tenepi» tbkoh He6yaa!... 
(Cm. riporp., 1007 Bonp.). 

(3aracaH0 on cTapyzn Cotowh vb c. mtfesHiri, BixropogcEaro y., Kyp- 
csofi ry6., b* 1892 r ). 




Coo6n4iurb M. K. BacuAtevb. 




Mttxawi-b (l6TpOBMHi» AporoMaHOBi> 



(HeRpojorb) # ). 



Poahjich bt> ceBTfl6pt 1841 roAa bt> r. Taimb nojixaBCKoM ry6. 
flBopaHCKifi fowb flparoMaHOBuxi npoHcxoprt orb yBpanHCRoM Roaaij- 

KOfl CTapiUHHBI, H oOHXOpHMTb, pa3r0B0pHMMT> H3HROM'b Bl CBMettCTBt 

oma MHxaHJia HeipoBHHa Gun MajiopyccRii, ho no cbohmt> uneawb 
JparoMaHOBU Cmjih o6mepyccanH; 0Tem>, BOciiHTaBiuifica bi IIeTep6yprfc, 
npHHHMaJix yqadie bt> pyccRofl JurrepaTypi. MHxaHjn> HeTpoBHH'b bn- 
pocb nojn> rjiySoKHMi, HeoTpasHMbWb Biiflmero cBoero oma h, mosho 
fKa3aTb, cl nejieHORx ycBOHirb ce6t cbok> Jno6Hnyio mhcjib o Ba*HOin> 
3HaieHiH o6mepyccKofl jMTepaiypu n RyjbTypti AJia Majiopyccnaro oG- 
mecTBa; a najitHtfluiia oocioATeaLCTBa caarajuicb Tain> 9 mo Bee Ooate 
$ 6oji>e OTHHMajH ero orb MaJiopyceKoM uonm h nepeHOCHJiH Ha ofime- 
pyccKyio. Bb 1849- 1853 rr. ApanmaHOBT, yuuca B'b raAJWCRoarb ytoA- 
HOM't yiHAHmt, odaBaflCB noAi> npoAOJUKaiomHMCfl BjuameH^ oma. TorA& 
ze Majii>HHKT> ofiHapyMJTb 6oju>njyio h3ejiohhocti> ri HCTOpH^ecROMy me- 
Hiio. Bt> 1853—1859 rr. oht* y^HJica bt> HojiTaBCRofl THMHa3iH. Bi 1859 
roAy flparoMaHOBt nocTynHjm> Ha HCTopHRO-<j>H4iojioniHecRifl (J)aRyju>Teri> 
KieBCKaro y— Ta, bo BpeMH noneiHTejbCTBa DnporoBa. Ho OROHiaHiHyHH- 
BepcHTeTa, bt> 1864 r. oht> 3an{HTHji> AHCcepTauiio pro venia legendi: 
<HMnepaTopi» THGepifi* (nanes. B'b «Yhhb. H3b>. 1864 r.) h bi 1865 
r. CTajit unaTHUMt npHBart-AOueHTOMi, ho aaipyAHHTejibHbifl Maiepiajib- 

Hblfl 06cT0flTeJibCTBa (BOCHHTaHie CeMbH H CeCTpM, Tenepb H3BtCTH0fi 

MajopyccKofl nHcaiejibHHUH «0jieHH Uhuirh*) Chjih npiiHHOfi Toro, wo 
tojibro bt> 1869 r. oht> HanucajTb h 3amHTHjn> cboio MarHdepcRyio 
AHccepTaniio: «Bonpocb 06b HciopHqecROirb 3HaqeHui PhmcroA HMnepia 
h TauHTXi ^BieBi 1870 r.). Me»Ay t*mt> pa3ju«HHH neAaronwecKin 
cooCpaaeHia ycntjin npuBecru ero rt> mmcjih 0 h6o6xoahmocth Majiopyc- 
cRaro H3UKa B'b HasajibHWxi uiROjaxi., a saHHTifl MaJiopyccRofl btho- 
rpa$iett hm^jih rjitACTBieMt yBJieieHie flpanmaHOBa MaaopyccRofi HapoA- 
hoB cjOBecHOCTtK) Ho ero co6cTBeHHHm> cjuraairb, cCTyjui HaAi> 60- 
raiofi h npeRpacHofi HapoAHofl cjioBecHocTtio, a ocofieHHO HaAt nojm- 
TiiqecRHMH (t. e. hctophhgcrhhh ) irfeCHflMH, ROTopua noRaauBaiorb no- 
BTDMecRyio HCTopiio yRpaHHCRaro HapoAa, pa3CRa3aHiiyio m% caMHMi», 
3acTaBiuH ero RptnRO nojno6HTb stotl HapoATk h nepeaHTb BctMH ch- 
jaMH AyiHH Bet 4aciH0CTH MajiopyccRaro A*Jia wh Poccia h ABdpo-BeH- 
rpin>. B^ 1870 r. ^paroMaHOBi 6uj^ ROsiaHAHpoBaHi> 3a rpaHHuy, rAt 
h npo6u-n. ao 1873 r. Bt> BepjiHHt oht> yeepAHO cayman MoimceHa 
h roTOBHjrb cboh naTbH o TeoRpaTiH, Hane^aTaHHHfl noTOMt bi <3Ha- 
Hiii- h tOreHecTBeHHuxi 3anHrRaxT>, ho He MeHte yeepAHO HHTepeco- 

•) Cm. ,3Tiorp. 06oap. a XXV. 



Digitized by 




130 



9TH0rPA<X>H4BCK0K 0B03P*HIE. 



BaJica o6mecTBeHHMMH sanaaHUMH TeqeHiflMH Haiam 70 roAOBt. Tose 
6ujo ci> hhmt> h bt> Apynjxi> ropoAax* EBponu (cpB. ero reiUejb- 
CeprcRyio daTbio: tBocTOiHaa noJWTHKa TepMaHui h o6pjceme> bi> cBtd- 
HHRt EBponu* 1872 r., $eBp.— Ma g) Bt> g^Ht (a bt> 1873 r. h bo 
JIbBOBt) AparoHaHOBi xopouio no3HaKOMiuicfl vb MajopyccKHMH ram- 
qaHaMH, y6*feflHJicfl bt> RpafiHevB neBtaecTBt u OTnajiocTH ramuRO-pyc- 
cKOft HHTejiJHreHuiH (cPyccue bt> ramiyH*, B. E. 1873 r., hub. 
$eBp., «JlHTepaTypHOe' ABH»eHie bt> ramuin> B. E. 1873., aBr. — 
C6HT. ), 4pe3BtnaftH0 yBJieRca rajHi|RHMi> Bonpocom* (bx KieBt ero no- 
tomt> npo3BajiH cMHxaiurL rajrHi|Riti») h CTajii niicaTB fljfl rajflnaHi 
pflAi> daTefi Ha Ty Temy, ROTopofi yarb ao Romja rh3hh He h3M^hajii>i 
c HHTe juiHreHTHbiari) ramqaHarb, Aa h Boo6nje MajiopoccaM'b, cjrfcAyerb 

BT> HHCbMeHHOCTH H OOlIjeCTBeHHOS J8H3HH AepKSTbCH A3bIRa HenpeH^HHO 

HapoAHaro, t. e. MajopyccRaro, oAnaRO no HAeairb cjitAyen npHMRHyrb 
ri o6mepyccRoft mTepaTypt h H3yqaTb 9Ty mTepaTypy RaRi> mosho 
TmaTeJU>Hte> . 3a 8Ty mncjil MajiopoccM H3B*cTHaro orrfcHRa h -rorAa, 
bt> 70-xt> roAaxt, h BcerAa BnocjitACTBin Ha3HBam flparoiiaHOBa *moc- 
RaJie^HJiOMti h <o6pycHTejieM r L> . 3a CTaTbio «11 movimento letterario 
ruteno (t. e. MajiopyccRoej in Russia e Galizia* (Rivista Europea 
1873 r., Jfo 1—2) nojibCRie aypHajw nam Ha3HBaTb flparraaHOBa 
cmocrobcrhmt> areHT0in>». He Jiyqme OTHecjiacb rt> HeMy h H3BtcTBaa 
qacTb BemRopyccoBi: bt> I^jopHxt bx 1873 roAy ffparoaaHOB'b no3Ha- 
rommjich ct> pyccxHMH peBOJiiouioHepaMH-coaiajiHCTaMH, H 3a CBOH flpRLfl 
MaJiopyccRia yStSKAema ohx- 6am npH3Hairb hmm 3a neJOBtRa OTivrajiaro 
h y3Raro nanioHajiHCTa... Bo3BpaTHBnmcb m> 1873 r. bt> KieB-b, flpa- 
roMaiiOB'b ciajrb bt> MajiopyccROirb o6mecTBt npoBOAHTb uuc*b o <eB- 

p0neH3M*> H 0 «TaROBTb C0UiaJIH3Mt H K0CM0II0JlHTH3M r fe, ROTopwe He 

OTBepraiorb qacmix'b HaijioHajibHbiX'b Bapiauitt o6mHXT> Hueft h $opirb> 
nocatAHioio Mbicjib (o RocnonomTH3Mt Ha HauioHaJbHoft MajiopyccRoM 
nowb) owl npOBOAHJTb h bt» yH — tcrhtb jieRuiaxi. 9to, Bnponeirb, He 
BHaHHJio, mo om> HaMtpeHi HanpaBmTb CTyj(eHTOB r b ri nojHTinecROit 
AtflTejbHOCTH: HanpoTHBt, — no ero mrfcfiiio, MHoro pa3i> BHCRa3aHH0»y, 
cCTyAeHTb AOJimeffb ynHTbca, y^HTbcn h yMHTbca, a He npHHHMaTb He- 
CBoeBpeMeHHaro yiacTiff bx nojumurb; noJiHTiiROirb Moxerb 6uTb tojh>ro 
ie^0B , feR , b BnojiHt o6pa30BaHHHfl h noAroTOBjieHHHft>. BcTynHTejbHafl 
lexum: ^IIojojReHie h aaAau Haynn AP^BHeft HCTopin*, HaneMaTaHa vb 
'JR. M. H. Hp.» 1873, h. CLXXV. Bt> OTRpHBUieMCH okojio Toro Bpe- 
MeHH RieBCROBfb cR)ro-3anaAHOiffb (hyvfejrfc Hmh. P. Teorp. 06mecTBa> 
flparoMaHOB'b npnHHMajix acnBoe yqacrie, npnen Tpe6oBajn> jifin stho- 
rpa^RiecKHX'b btioaobt, MeTOAa cpaBHHTejibHaro. CpaBHHTejibHHMX MeTO- 
AOMi Offb 6un 3aHHTepecoBaffb eme bi> 1869 r. («HobhM tiormA Ha 
BejHRopycbRHif 6oraTHpcbRH» enoc, BjiaA. CTacoBa>, ubobck. <IIpaBAa> 
X? 25—31); OAHaRO bt> KieB* He TOJibRO CTacoBCRyio Teopiio, ho h 
Boofiiqe cpaBHHTejibHtrif m6toai> bx 9THorpa$iH HaxoAHJiH cnJiaBameirt 
no OReaHy 6es6pexH0My». K% aTOMy BpeMeHH omocHTca TpyAU flparo- 
MaHOBa: 'OirojiocoR'b puuapcRoM noa3iH bi> pyccRHX^ HapoAHbixi irfcc- 




M. n. APArOMABOBb. 



131 



Hflxi>> (3airacKH I0.-3. 0r«. M. P. 1\ 0., t. II, KieBT, 1874); 3n*Cb 
noKaaaHO, r3kt> 3ananHbia ntceHHMa Terna, nepexofla Ha Pycb, nojiy- 
qajorb HacjioeHia rfcxt CTfhwb, qepeai ROTopwa oh* npoxopjiw; «n*CHH 
h CKasama o KpoBOCM*ineHiH>,— pesioiie »Toro Tpyja qirraHO Ha KieB- 
ckomi ApxeojiorHiecKOMi Ob^t 1874 r., a ivfcjoe H3CJi*H0BaHie Hane- 
qaTaHO 6mjo yse bt> 1891 r. wb V h VI tt. cC6opHHKa 3a HapojjHH 
y MOTBOpeHna * ,nojn> aar j . : cCjiaBflHCinrrfe npfcnpaBRH HaEpnoBaTa HCTopna » 
(bi 1892 r. Tpa6oBCKijl bt> cWislo noirfccTHjrb RaRi 6h caMOdOflTeJib- 
Hyio ciaTBH) <Podania o zwi^zkach mi^dzy najblif szem rodzenstwem> , 1 
rpcfe BOcnojfbdOBajiCfl BctMHMaTepiajiaMH,co6paHHHMH /JparoMaHOBborb, h 
tojibko bt» Mejoqaxt cafciiiajrb eMy HtROTopua Bospaxeiiia); «Rt> Bon- 
pocy o cjitpxi BejiHRopyccRaro 6oraTHpcKaro anoca bi> MaJiopocciH*, 
iiHCBHO rt> Op. Mmuiepy (flpeBH; h Hob. Poccia, 1875, X§9); apxeojio- 
mecRafl CTaTba: „IIajaTHHCRifl xowh h% fmt no pacRonKam* (3K. 
JI. H. Up. 1874, q. CLXXIX, CTp. 221-259). IIORa 9th Tpyjju no- 
HBJifljiMCb bt> neqara, roTOBHJocB RanHTajibHtflinee coqwreme: t Hcto- 
pHqecRia ntcHH MaJopyccRaro Hapojja Ct> o6MCHeHiHMirBji. AHTOHOBma 
h M. ftparoiiaHOBa». Tomt> I, BHmeflmiit bt> KieB* bt> 1874 r., coflep- 
ffiHTb ntcHH BfcRa RpyKHHHaro h RHamecRaro h ntcHH BtKa R03amtaro 
o 6opb6t vb TaTdpaMH h TypRaMH; II tom* (KieBi, 1875) — ii*chh o 
6opb6t ct> nojiaRBMH npn Eornant Xmojikhhiiromx. — yBjreqeHHUit hcto- 
pjnerRHMH h BTHorpa^HqecRHMH pa6oT8MH, AparoMaHOBi cnepBa CTopo- 

HHJICfl 0T1> BCflROft nOAHTHRH n nyftjIHlJHCTHKH , 3arfeMl ORHaRO BCTynHJUl 

bt> nojeMHRy ct> <KieBjflHHHOnrb u IIIyjibraHa h noM*CTHJi r b bt> «Rien- 
crobtb Tejrerpa<jrfe» h ^BtCTHHRt EBponu> pan^ cTaTeS bt> 3amirry m«v 
JiopyccRHXT> cTpeMJieHiS (oco6tifl 9THorpa$HqecRiii HHTepecb npeflCTaBJMi- 
eTT>' cTaTba: «HoBORejBbTCRoe h HpoBaHcajibCRoe pHKenie bo fl>paHuin.v 
B. E. 1875 aBr. — coat.) JltTOin* 1875 rojja flparoMaHOBi* C0BepmHjn> 
nyTemecTBie no rajraqmrfc, ByROBHHt h yropcRoft PycH; onHcaaae nyTe- 
mecTBia cm. tABCTpo-pyRi cnoMHHH> bt> <Haponi> 1892 r. Bt, 1876 r. 
HparoiiaHOB'b OROHqEJui b^ KieB* neqaTame «ManopyccKHxi Hapopuxi 
npeffamit h pa3CHa30Bi>> h <IIoBicTeft Ocnna OepROBnqa, c nepeAHix 
cjiobom npo raJHUbRe iracbMeHCTso.* OceHbK) Toro 3Re ro«a oht> BMtxajn* 
nvb Poccin n Combine yae He B03Bpamajicfl. CnepBa oht> nocejiRJica bt> 
BtHt, sartMi bcrop* nepetaaii'b bi> SKeHeBy h 3fl*cb Jipownji'b jio 
1889 rop, Rorp 6oJnrapcRoe .npaBRTejibCTBo npnrjiacHJio ero saHHib 
Raeej^py Bceo6mefl HCTopiH bt> Co^iflcROBfb yHRBepcHTert (qHTaTb Ha 

pyCCR0MT>fl3HRt); TaHTb 0HT> H npo«HJH> AO CMepTH. 

3a rpaHimeM 3paro»raHOBi Hanncajn* MHOxecTBO RHnrt h CTaTeti, 
nepeqacjieHie ROTOpwxi 3aHfljo 6u HtCROJibRo aecaTROBi cTpaHHUi: ne- 
peqeHb, hb^hhuB M. IlaBjraRoii'b, coaepairrb bt> ce6t 34 <vrp. MejRoit 
neqara h nptfTOMb pjieRO h nanem m nojioni.. Oflira H3T> ero coqnHe- 
Hift h HSffaHict Hocarb xapaRTepi noJUHTHqecRifl h ny6jiimifctHqecRiit. 
3aMtoHTb nyzHO, qTo flparowaHOBii noJioKHjn, ce6t 3a npaBHJio hh bt> 
RaRHXi> nojiHTHqe crhxi» aaroBopaxt He yqacTBOBaTb n orpaHHqHBajica 
BCRjiHjqiTeJibHo JiHTepaTypHoio A*aTejK>HOCTbio Om> 6ujrb ropaqnirb Bpa- 




132 



9TH0rPA*MqECK0B 0B03P*HIE. 



iom'l TeppopH3Ma: no HfleajiaMT> oht> 6ujl% Bparom BfflRaro ysRaio aok- 
TpHHepcTBa, 6ujn> aHTHMapKCHCTOMi, TepntTb He moit> nanpacfiuxi, 
TeopeTHHecKHXi* cnopoBi o MaRCHMaju>Huxi> nporpamiaxT*, t3aBTpainHHXT> 
hhhxt> peBOJH)iiiH> h t. a ; ra36TH0fi nOJieMHRH oht> H36trajrc>, h iota 
eMy HHoraa h npHXOAHJOCb BbicTynaTb ct> noaeMHRofi bt> neqaTH, ho, no 
ero co3Hamio, <nocjt bcakoM nojieMnqecKOfl ct3Tlh oht> ce6a qyBCTBO- 
Bajn> pn pa oneHt naoxo* (axopoBbe ero 6biao BOo6me >Moe). Cio- 
bomt>, yieHufi 6bijn» bi> mwb HecpaBueHHO cuwbe, qtirb nojimHirb. 
Ero cTaTkH o nauioHaJiH3Mt HMtiorb rfcCHoe OTHomenie r% araorpa^iH, 
h noTOMy npHxoAHTcn o hhxt> CRasaTB h*croju>ro noxpo6H*e. AparoMa- 
uobt> ropflHOB03CTaBajn>npoTflBi> oGnsaTejibHaro npeRJCHeHifl npeAiHaiu- 
onajiLHMMH lepTaMH, B03CTafiajrL, no ero BHpaseHiio, «npoTHBi> Ryavra 
HauioHajbHUXi. gbatuhl^: no ero y6tKAeHix), tojbro t* nauioHajbPHfl 
oTJianiH sacjiyiKHBaioT'B noweHia, ROTopua pasyvHU h cminaTMHu. A6- 
cojhotumxt> HaoionaJbHuxt xapaKTepoBi, h aOcoJUOTHaro cnauioHaibHaro 
Ayxa> oht> He npH3HaBajn> h xoRa3HBajn>, mo ct> HSMtHeHieMi. HcropH- 
MecRHXi ycjiOBifi shshh MtHHeicH xapaRTepi h Ayxi> HapoAa; HaponHyio 
ciOBecHOCTB Ra»Aaro Hapcp oht> npndHaBajii BHTepHauiona jlhoS ; na- 
cnerB 6oa%e MejiRnxi <HauiOHaibHUX'b cfiflTUHb> , Hanp., roctk>mobt>— 
oht> AORasuBaat, hto h ohh 6esnpecTaHHO sanMCTBymcn oahhmi. Hapo- 
AOMi> y APF oro H MeHte Bcero hm*iotl pesona nonacTt Bt wcjo Haiti- 
OHaJibHBixi cBHTMHb. HaHfiojite cymecTBeHHufl npHsnaRx HauionajbHOCTH, 
H3biRT>, AparoHaHOBT) yBaaaJTb, ho onmb tskh He RaRi cbrthhto, a 
RaRi> opyAie mhcm; <nmwb ate HHTejurareHium , noBTopaJit oht» Bcer^a 
h MHoro pasi, cAOJiseHi 6htl BcerAa h o6a3aiejibHO tott> ate, hto h 
y npocToro HapoAa, HHane Heimcjmirb shaocmocb h 9R30cmoct>> . Xotb 
TaRHni> oOpasoM'b AparoManoB'b bbicoro noAHMajrt 3Haieme MajiopyccRaro 
BSbiRa h Bcefl cBoefi AtflTejibHOCTHO noRa3ajn> ce6a, Kairc» MCTaro Majio- 
pocca, ho OAna nacTb MajopyccKoit HHTCJuiHroHuin, sa HenpH3Hanie Hanio- 
HajbHMXT> cBHTHHb h oco6eHHO sa BOcxBaaeHie pyccRoS jiiiTepaTypH, 
OTKasuBajiacb Aaxe CMHTaTb ero 3a Moaopocca; 3aT0 Apyraa iacTb, t. 
h. <pycbRO- (t. e. rajiHURO) yRpaiiiHbCbRa paAiRajibna napTHB> (oprami: 
<CbBiT> , «ToBapHHi> , <HapOA,» «Xjii6opu6>, <-StHTbe i Cjiobo> , *PaAiRai>, 
♦TpoMaACbRHiirojioo) nua flparoiiaHOBa, 6en npeyBeaHqemfl cRasaTb, 
KaKi> 6ora.— Bet 9th CBtA^Hin neoCxopMO coo6mHTb noTOMy, ^to ohi 
bt> 3HaMHTejnbH0ft CTeneHH yncHBioTb h Hay^Hue TpyAU h HHTepecu Jpa- 
roiiaHOBa: hmchho, yacHBiorb Bu6opi> SparoMaHOBMMi, rfcx*, a He hhuxi 
HayqnHXT> Tean*. Bott> 6oJite Baacuufl hsi* 3arpaHOTHHx , b coiBHeniS ero: 
1) <La Russie d'Europei — wb *3eMJifl h jioah> 9. PeRJiro 1880 r., 
ct. 277- 918; SparoManoBy 3A*cb npHHajvesvrB noqTH bch cTanm- 
HecRaa, BTHorpa^HqecRaH h noJiHTHnecRaH qac.Tb, a no cioBam PeRJiro 
(dp. 919) <3paronaHOBa bbaho na RaxAoff CTpanimfo .—2) <Hctoph- 
qecRan llojibnia h BejrHRopyccRan AeM0RpaTiB> , ffieH. 1882 r., ct. 511.— 
3) <IIoJiiTHHHi (t. e. HCTopHHecRin) racbHiyRpatabCRoro Hapoxy XYII1 — 
XIX ctoji.> ; 9to— npHMoe npoxojxenie ^flcTopnqecRHXi ntcen hsjio- 
pyccRaro HapoAa>; t. I-fl: <3anopo»ui b 1709— 1739 p.>—ffieH. 1883, 




M. O. flPAlOMAHOBto. 



133. 



tc. 60+137; t. II: <rexMaHmHHa i Cjo6t«WHa b 1709—1765 p.> — 
SKeH. 1885, ct. 12-|-226 (6oju>me He buimo).—4) <Hoai yKpaiiubCbRi 
nici>Hi npo rpoiiaACbKi cnpaBH (1764 — 1880)>— JKeH. 1881, ct. 132: 

3A^Cl>, C06cTBeHHO, TOJlbKO pe3H)M6 fl HaTepiaW HtCROJlbRHX'b TOMOBl>, 

KOTopiie He 6tiJiHHane4aTaHH.— 5) cKosakeiuB^XXXIX tom* 9huhmo- 
nejtfH 9puia h Fpy6epa, 1887, ct. 126—137.— 6) c/Jb* nsHO-pyccKifl 
HHTepMBAijf Haqajia XVII b.» (KieB. CTap. 1883, Jfe 12— sa^cb coo6- 
uteui TCKCT'b flByxi* HHTcpMe^iM sepBOHopycca raBarroBHia, cocTaBJieH- 
hmxt* Ha MajiopyccKOM'b aamb ao 1619 r.; TaKi> -Kairb TaBaTTOBHTb uh- 

CajTb JiaTHUCKHMH 6yKBaMH, TO H AAA HCTOpiH MaJHOpyCCKaiO fi3URa TeRCTb 

HHiepjiiOAiii flBJiaeTCH BaaHtflumirb AOKyMeHTOsrb.— 7) cCTapfcttuiiH pye- 
CKia ApaMaTHuecKia cueHW* (KieB. CTapraa 1885, As 11)— Bee o Ttob 
se HHTepjiioAiax'b raBaTTOBiroa, ho yaee ct (J)OJibKjiopiioft cTopoiui: 06- 
CToaTejibHO BUHCHBHa Mdopifl cTpaHCTBOBaHia AByxi> GpOAflMX'b fioae- 
tobi, pa3pa6oTauHHXb raBarroBHqeM'b B r b MHTepjuoAiaxTb,— 8) ][tnu6 
pHA^ HajiopyccRHXi «BHpuieH>,— noMtmeHH bi* «KieBCKoS CTap\» sa 
pasHbie roAW — 9) <l3 icTopii Bipini Ha YKpaiHi^ — bt> MajiopyccROM'b 
c6opHHKt cBaTpa> 1887* r.— 10) <MaTepiajiM a^ih icTopii BipniiB yRpa- 
iHbCRHx**- JKHTbe i Cjiobo 1894, kh. 3 v kh. 4, kh. 5. — 11) <MaTepi- 
am h 3antTRH o6i yRpaHHCsofi HapoAHOfi <yiOBecHOCTH> — KieB. CTap. 
1882, Ms 11, 1883 roAa Xt 12.— 12) <MaJiopyccRiH h*chh o6t> ocbo- 
6o3RAeHiH RpecTWHm — KieB. Crap. 1887 r. JftAk 3— 4.— 13) «Typeu- 
Kie aHeKAOTH bt> yRpaHHcioM HapoAHOfi cjiOBecHOOTH> — KieB CTap. 1886 
r. JV».Vy 2—3. — 14) cIIIoayAHBHfi EyiraKa bt> yRpaHHCRHXi HapoAHHXT> 
cRa3aHiax> — KieB. CTap. 1887 r. Jft 8 a Xq 10.— 15) <#Ba Maaopyc- 
crhxi <jm6jibo h hxt> hcto4hhkh> — BtcT. EBp. 1887, iioab; 3AtCb no- 
RaaaHO npoHcxosABHie 3HaMeHHT0ft MaaopyccRotf bhpiah o .Khphr* h o 
saAHom noirfc. — 16) «L6gendes pieuses des Bulgares> — MSlusine 
1888 r., J&Ns: 9, iO, 12, — 17) <CiiaBHHCKH rfe cRa3aHH« 3a nomepT- 
BOBaHie co6ctb6HHO RtTe> — G6opMR* sanapoAHH yMOTBopeMfl 1889 r., 

KH. I, CT. 1 — 32. — 18) « CjHaBHHCKH-rfe CRa8aHHfl 3a p03RA«HHe-TO HB 

KoHCTaHTHHa BeJHRHM» — C6opH. 3a Hap. yMOTB. 1890 r. kh. 11,-19) 
tLes origines bouddhistes du <Dit de Tempereur Goustant> — I Con- 
gres international des folkloristes. London 1891.— 20) «HayRa Teo- 
joriiHa b 3axiAHift EBponi* — JliTepaT.-HayROBa 6H6jrioTeira Jfe5(JIbBOB'b 
1890)- -o 6n6jiettcRoS rphthk*. — 21 ) <Cjuibhhcrh-t1> sapHHHTH na ejHa 
eBaHrejiCKa aerema> — C6ophhkt> sa nap. yMOTBopeHHfl, 1891. — 22) <3a- 
6tAt»RH Bptxy cjiaBHHCRH-rfe pe JIHFHO3H0 -eTH^ ecKH jiereHAH> — C6opH. 
sa Hap. yMOTB. 1892 h 1893 rr.— 23) c^yAaubRi aymrm npo yRpaiHCbRy 
HauioHaJibHy cnpaBy>— 1-e h3A. 1891 r., 2 e MSA. 1892 r., ct. 294 
(JlbBOBt); 3Atcb HasepqeHa HCTopia paaBirrifl HaiuoHajiHSMa y pasHbixi 

Hap0A0BT> H . BT» MBCTHOCTH y MaJIOpOCCOBl, HORa3aHM BCt HeAOCTdTRH 

MaJiopyccKaro uauioHajiusMa, noApoSHo, ho oieHb 6e3nomaAHO npoH3Be- 
Aena outHKa A^HTejibiiocTH MajiopyccRHXi y , ieHHXT> h bt> saRJiioqeHie 
nOBTopeHa oou4iia>i Miicab o nojibst H3yqeHia o6mepyccKoH JiHTepaTypu 
h HayRH — 24) <JIhcth na HaA/iHinpaHbCbKy YRpaiHy>— 2-e U3A. JlbBOBTb 




134 



9TH0rPA*H<IBCR0B 0B03P*HIE. 



1894 r., ct. 199.— 25 J <Crapi xaprii bubhocth> — SKhtbb i Cjobo 
1894 r. bo BCtxi> RUBraii>; HscjtflOsaBie ocrajocb HeoROH<ieHHbiin> no 
cjiynaio CMepTH aBTOpa.— OrpoMHoe MHOzecTBO saitToirb, nepeBOAOBi* h 
peiieHsiM /JparoMaHOBi noirfccTHXb bt> (aohaohcromi>) Athenaeum (MezAy 
npo4HMi> CTaTLK) o Bepecat: The last menestrel of Ukraina), BiMelu- 
sine, Tradition, Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari, 
Rivista Europea/BT> paaHbixi cjaBAHCRHXi* H3Aa*riHXT> h bi t. h. pa- 
AHKaju>HHXi> MaJiopyccRHXt H3«aHiax'B: <ToBapHm>, <HapoA>, <3Lwn>e 
i Cjiobo> h ap* PeayuTaTU 9THorpa$iH h HdopiM peiHriH oht> nacTO 
cTapajca h yiriurb nonyupHSOBaTb; oco6eBBO m3b*ctbh ero rhhzrh: 
<OnoBiAaHBfl npo 3a3flpix 6oriB> , <PaB i nocTyn> h mb. AP- 

CpeftH eBponeflcKHXi yqeBHXt AparoMaHOBi» H0Jii>30BajCB 6oibmoH 

H3B*CTHOCTblO H aBTOpHTeTOMT> . 0co6eHH0 BpRO 9T0 06flapySBJ0C& BT> 

aHBapt 1895 r., BorAa nowraTeji flparoiiaHOBa bo JbBOB* npaaAHOBaii 
wOHjieM ero TpHAuaTHJitTHett HayqaoM A'feaiejtHOCTH. Torna co sctxi 
cTopOBi EBponH 6mjih npHCJiaHBi bo JIi»bobi> ropave h ftaxe Bocrop- 
ateHHtie npHBtra, Hanp., orb Au^peAa PaM6o, V. Mop^Min, T. IlHTpe, 
JL Jleze, M. IIlfl<]>$a, TacTOHa IlapH, AnpH RapHya h np. Rapnya, 
pexaBTOpT* <La Traditiom, npHBtTCTBOBajn> /JparoMaHOBa pse one- 
Hem, llapHsa, BceM $paHnii> h <BOCRjnma,n> Ha bch> Espony> (et je 
crie a travers TEurope): <floarotf zh3HH flparoMaHOBy!> DosejiaHie 
bto BnpoqeMi. He c6iuiocb, TaKt Kain, 8 udha (ct. ct.) Toro se 1895 
r. flparoMaHOBi BHesanHO yMepi. m> Co<{>iH orb pacniHpeHia aopru. 
CiiepTb ero npoiSBejia Ha ramam, (xof opue b*a*> o6flsaHbi eiiy cbohmt. 
yucTBeHHHMi.paaBHTieM'b) noTpacaiomeeBneqaTJi'feHie. Bet 6e3T> HCRjnoie- 
Hifl rasem h zypHaiu, hom^cthjih o Hem bi Bbicmeit CTeneHH coqyB- 

CTBeHHHO 0T3HBH. GKOp6HBlfl DHCBMa H TCJierpaMMH CO BCtXl KOHIjOB'b 

BBponu h H3i> MaiopocciH cocTaBEU fioamoM TOirb bt> 442 newfflbix'b 
CTpaamu. 

. 0 JRH3HH h TpyAaxt flparoManoBa cm. 1) Eiorpa^HiecRiM cioBapb 
yHHBepcirreTa cb. Bjajmiipa; 2) Dizzionario degli scrittori contem- 
poranei — de Gubernatis'a; 3) Dictionnaire des ecrivains contempo- 
rains, par de Gubernatis; 4) Carnoy: Dictionnaire de folkloristes; 
5) <HcTopHH JiiTepaTypu pycROH" npo<J>. OneJWHa OroHOBCRaro, noarfegH. 
tout* (3A*cb oieHb noApo6no HdjoseHa 6iorpa$w flparoManoBa h coRep- 
same Bctxi ero coiHHemfi, HanHcaHHHXT. Ha pyccRoirb h MajopyccROBn* 
flSHRt, ho ecTb MHOsecTBO ohihOori, h HeBOUHuxi, HCRazemfi); 6) 
<MHxatUo EeTpoBHq /JparoMaHOB, 1841 — 1895, floro H>6ueH, cuepTb, 
aBTO<5iorpa^ia i cnac tbodib, c nopTpeTOM HeOix^HRa, sjiaAHB i bmabb 
H. HaBJiHRi, JIbBOBi 1896 roAa; 7; <JKim>enHCb flparonaHOBa> , noit- 
meHHaa BBaHOirb OpaHRO b% ero zypHajt <ffiHTbe i Cjiobo> 1894 r., 
rh. I; 8) BazHoe 3Ha^eHie HMtioTb <ABCTpo-pycbRi citohhhh> caMoro 
flparoMaHOBa, HOMtmeraHe bt» <JIiTepaTypHO-HayROBiH Bi6jiioTeui> 1889— 




rr. h bt> <HapoAi> 1892 r. 



A. KpuMCKiii. 




KPMTMHA h BMB/1IOrPA01fl. 



loraHH-b ray pit. Mcjiairb ero bjiIahIh Ha wH3Hb ero nocjit- 
AoaaTejieM. CoiHHeHie, ypcroeHHoe npeHin FaarcEaro oGujecTBa pacnpo- 
CTpaiiemfl xpncTiaHCTBa. UepeBOflt ci> H*MeuKaro n. H. XoiiyTOBa. 
TainKeHTTb. 1893, cip. XII + 577. (Hsr. Ha cpepTBa TypReciaHCRaro 
reHepajn>-ry6epHaTopa). 

Cyp6a boctokob^hw wb Poccin neiajiLHa. He tojbro oGhrho- 
BeHHaa ny6jiHRa, ho pjRe yneiaie, Kpoirfe caMHXi> cneuiajrHCTOBt-opieH- 
TajiHCTOBt, coBepnieHHO HraopHpyrorL boctokt>. Hann> yxx npnxopjiocB 
Ha CTpaHHuaxi> <9THorpa^ecRaro 06o3p*Hifl» onrfeqaTt h*ckojibko 

cMOHCTpOBT>> BT> 06jMCTH pOCCifiCROfl OpieHTdJIHCTHRH , Hanp., HepBHO, 

b* rh. XXIV, CTp. 136 —137, a ct Toro BpemeHH npH6aBHJiocB eiqe 
HtcROJitKO <J>airiwi>, KOTopue mosrho saiiecTH bt> Haiuy CROp6HyiO Jit- 
TonHct. ToAa pa TOMy Ha3aAi> pn oporo npeppHHjrraro bt> Mocrb* 
H3Aamfl 6tijna cocTaBjieHa CTaTta o MoxaMMejrb; aBTopt CTan>H He 
BHecL bt> Hee hhwo HOBaro h cBoero, ohi> hbjeoxhjtl tojibro rfe ph- 
UHH, ROTopHfl pbho ysst npiHMTH sanaflHoft HayROfi RaRi> HenpejioiRHUH 

HCTHHH, H TtMT> He MeHte OHT> BCTp*THJn> p'felllHTBJILHHfi OTnopi> CO 

dopoHU H^ROTopHxi qjieHOBt rommhccm, saBlyryiomefl H3naHieMi>: nepey- 
6tpTi> hxt> ypjioct tojij>ro Torp, Rorp aBioyb CTaiM bootoo noRa- 
3ajn> hmi> 3anapHe mROJibHue yHeduum, p H3BtCTHyio <ScTopiH> 
McjiaMa* Miojuiepa (Torp enje He uepeBepHHyio Ha pyccRifl hsker-l), 
RaRii nocjrfcpee cjobo HayRH. Korp HaKOHeux cociaBt rhhhi 6hjtb 
roTOBt h o Hefl 6ujia nana bt> o<J>$Hiuajii>HOMT> HapmH peaeH3in, to ct> 
ynoMjrayToft CTaTtefl o MoxaMMe^t noBTopHjiact Taxe Hdopifl, ^to h 
npH efl cocTaBjeHbi: pei^eH3eHTB ycMOTpto bt> Hefl hIoto HOBoe, He- 
cjiHxaHHoe, hjih— BHpaataact ero cJOBaMH — «RaRi> 6h h3jihihhioh) caiio- 
HaAtflHHOCTB h CTpeMJieme rt> caMo6tiTHOCTH tt l ), a noceiiy nocoBim)Bajn> 
o6paTHTtcfl rt> Hapaxx BHniepieMy Tpyjjy MiojiJiepa (oneBHpo, pise He 
no3a6oTHBHiHct npowraiB cnepBa stotb Tpyjr&I). Docjrfc nop6Haro Ra- 
3yca mh yate cnoROflHO, hah He oco6eHHO B03Mymaflci>, OTHeceaicH rt> 
HtROTopHMi flpyrHMt, Hanp., rt> noM*memH) bt> cBonpocaxi IIchxo- 
joriH h OHJioco$iH> apxHHeBtaecTBeHHOfl KOMnuinrJi r. yMaH^a o6i> 

apa6cR0fl $HJIOCO$iH, R1» OTRpUlilO cHaCTOJIBHUMX 9fflJHRJL0nep , ieCRHM , L 



1 ) HHTepecHo npoxojxeBie 4>pa3H:... „ca*OHajijiHHOCTfc h cTpenjeaie ki» caiio- 
6uthocth, npocTHpaDn;ijicji xaxe top o, vro obi xaeTi co6cTBeaHue vepeBOAU ci» 
flepcaxc&aro h apa(5citaro a . HojoxHTejBHO, pei^eB3eBTi otbochtcji ci BeoAO^peaiejn 
si anaHii) boctotou» bbh&obi! 

8THorpA«raosoa obobp^hxb. XX VII. 



Digitized by 




136 



8TH0rPA*HHKCK0K 0B03P6HIB. 



CjioBapeM r L» t Mockobckhbtb) ocTaBHiaroea bt> jkhbhx'l cuna y npopona 
MoxaMMep (no CjiOBapio 0Ra3LiBaeTca, mo diovb chht. KacHMT> aorhjtl 
AajRe, HaAO noJiaraTt incognito, A4 Bpeieirb xaJUM^a MoaBiH), hjih, ua- 
Koneu'L, rt> noflBjieuiio 9Jia6opaTa naciopa raypn bi> pyccHOMi nepeBOAt. 

IloflBJieHie 9Toro nepeBOAa 6escnopHO npHHaAJieajHTL kt> iHCJiy ne- 
4aJUbHuxi> flMeHifl. KoneqHO,HtrB xyAa 6e3i> Ao6pa:TaypH Bceae nejio- 
B-fcRt 3anaAHHil; MHoroe H3i> Toro, mo pyccum yieHUMT* npeACTaBJifleTca 
«KaRi> oh H3JinniHefi caMOHaAtflHiioc/rbio h CTpeMJieHieMt Kb caMo6HT- 

HOCTH», OH1 yCBOHJIt eme Ha IUROJIbHOfi CKaMBt, H31 yieCHHKOBt; Koe- 

ito nojie3Hoe oht> nomewb 6hjlt> y3Han> h3t> KpeMepa, flo3H h Boo6me 
jiK)6oro h3t> rtx-L aBTopoBt, ibHMH TppaMH ohi> nojib30Bajica; ct> 8Tofi 
T04KH 3ptHi>i M03KH0 6h CHHTaTb pyccRifl nepeBOAi> ero khhfh He 6e3- 
nojie3HUMi. Kt co»ajrfeHiio, Aypnaxt CTopoirt bi> ero coimhchm ropasAO 
6ojibiue, m^mt> xopouiHXi. Mu nojoxHTejibHO He noHHMaeni>, RaRia npn- 

MHHJbl 3aCTaBHJIH T. XOHyTOBa B3HTI>Cfl 3a IiepeB0AT> RHHVH, COCTaBJieHHOfi, 

bo 1-xt, HyTb jih He paAuaTt atari* TOMy Ha3aAi>, bo 2-xt>— nac/ropoMt, 
KOTopufl, b% ciuiy CBoero AyxoBHaro cana, oonaam HMto H3b*cthhh, 
onpejrfcjieHHNfl yGtameHia h He CMiert bhAth h3t> hxt> paMRH, h bi 

3-X'L — He OpieHTaJMCTOMT> H 4eJI0BtK0MT> He KOMneTeHTHHMt. 3ojiOTaa 

MeAajiL, BUAaHHaa nadopy TaypH <raarcRHMT> o6mecTB0MT> ajih saiitfiTH 

XpHCTiaHCTBa> *), MOJKCTL CBHAtTCJIbCTBOBaTb 0 HayUHUXt AOCTOHHCTBaXt 

TpyAa Taypn TaRt »e Majio, KaKi> Majio CBHAtTejn>CTByen> o6t> btomi 
KioHeHOBCKoe yiacTie bt» auopH; npo$. KiOHeHTb Moatert 6trn> npeRpac- 
HjbiMi> 6a6jieiicKHMT> BRsereTHROMX, ho bto He o6fl3HBaen> ero ri> npe- 
RpacHOMy 3HaHiio HcnaMa. 

TjiaBHaa ouin6Ra Taypn, noBJiiflBiuaa Ha bc* ero cyasAeHia o6t HaaMt, 
h npoflBJiaiomaflCfl Vb nepBofl m rjiaBH (tllpopofcb apa6oei*)—3aKMO- 

HaeTCfl BT> TOM1>, 4T0 OHT> He yiteTL pa3JM<iaTB C06CTBeHHO MOXaMMe- 

AaHCRoft ochobh on> rfcxi, HacaoeHifi, ROTopua najioaeHH 6mm nep- 
caMH. Ilepcu, 6jiaroAapa <npeAaHiHMi>> (xeAHcaMi), coBepuieHHO nepe- 
paSoTajiH MoxaaiMeAOBO yieme, a BJiiaTeju>iiafl cy^ijBcRaa AORTpHHa, th- 
Tyjyiomaa ce6a MoxaMMeAaHCRofl, He Hmrfcert bt> cymHOdH HHiero o6iuai^o 
c f t HCJiaMOMT> (cm. moH cOiepR'b pasBHTifl cy<j)H3Ma> , M. 1895, orr. H3t 
<TpyA. Mocr. Apx. 06m.>). HcJiam — 8to npocTO apaiiRTb ajih MHOise- 
ciBa HAefl, B3aHMH0 HecoBMtcTHMUxi>. TaypH mnero btoio He pa36H- 
paerB. ( wb He SHaert TaRse, hto KopaHi Ra3yHCTHiecRH TOJiRyeica Ha 
thch4H pasjiH^Hbixt JiaAOB^ (6jecTflmie npHMtpu cm. b^ «Etudes orien- 
tales. Le droit musulmam Ho^ajia), a He 3Haa aToro, TaypH 6e3- 
npecTaHHO nonaAaert B r B npocaRt: HHorAa oht> nopimaerB MoxaMMeAa 
3a t* leHAeHum, RaRHXi> totl HHRorAa He nponoBl>AHBajn> h Ha RaRia, 
iiaBtpnoe, caMi Aynyjit 6u h njiH)Hyjn>; Huoi'Aa ace TaypH BOcxBajiaerb 
IIpopoRa 3a t* ycTaHOBJieHLa, ROTopuxi MoxaMMeAt h He AyMaat co- 
3AaBaTb h ROTopua 6mjih co3AaHU xeAHcaMH; Kopaia h coBpeMeuHtifi 



t) Haager Gesellschaft zur Vertheidigung der Christlichen Religion. T. Xo- 
nyTOBi uepeBOAHTi Vertheidigung: ff pacnpocTpaH6Hie a . 




KPHTHKA H BHBJUOrPA*!*. 



137 



HCJiaiTL, CO CTOpOHH p6JIHri08H0fl, COIUaJU>HO|t H nOJlHTHieCKOM, BTO — 

opo a Tose bi> TMdhTb raypa (orp. 3). KpOM* axofl rjiaBflofi, Rana- 
Taju>Hofl ohib6rh, raypa Aonycaaert xHOssecTBO nacTHHit, o6ycjiOBJieH- 

HHX3> erO MaJDbWL 3HaKOMCTBOMt CT> BOCTOKOBtfttmeMt B0o6me H CT> 
HCJiaMOMl Bl» HaCTHOCTH. BilXBaTHMl. HayAa^y HtCROJIbRO MtCTL H8T> 

pa36npaeMoM 1-ft rJiaBH ero RHara. raypa He sHaert (dp. 18), wo h 
apa6u pam>nie epHoOoasia nponuiH ciapo pejiaria aHHMHCTHHecKott h 
nojffl«enoHJi^ecKOfl (cpB. Hamy saMtey bt> *$te. 06osp.> kh. XX, cip. 
89 — 90). — Ha CTp. 37-fl oniaSaa noBipMOMy Majnem>Kaa. Hmh Gorana 
nepe«aeTca Kain> cy33a» (ci> <y>), «rorp KaKi> Ha cip. 49-* ropa Ha- 
3HBaeTCfl cOroAi>» (ct» <o>), — a no apaficRa 3bjrt>-to 3A*a opht> h 
totb ze; raypa He 3Haen> BOCTomixi hbmrob'b, He Moxera pasHyio 
TpaHCRpHniuK) pa3Huxi> opieHTaJtHCTOBt npHBecra wb OAHOMy 3HaneHa- 
Tejuo, onoro y Hero Tanafl necipoTa h nyraHLija: y Hero 6e3pa3jmHo 
qepeAy»TCfl «o» h «y», «e> h «a>, «e» h cb» h t. n. Ho HesHame 
apa6caaro asuKa BpeAHO OTpaaaeTca y raypa He tojmo Ha nepeAait 

C06cTBeHHHXT> HMeHl> (Btftb BTO OUtf 6HJTB 6u CpaBHHTBJbHO nyCTBRt, 

xoTfl, noaaayM, paaHaa TpaHCRpamua pasHuxi y^eHuxi npaBeaa r. YiiaHita 
Kb co3AaHi» AByxi> paaHwxi (J)h*oco$ob*: To66aH h flaoOCaa, a bto 
yaw* He nycTaRi), — He3Hame apa6cRaro astraa BpeAHO OTpaaaeica h Ha 
H3JioaemH. MoxaHMeAi, Bejiaa CAtaaTb ycTynny asHWHRaMt h bt» to me 
BpeMH He ocrop6htb MOHOTeH3Ma, Hapowo BiipasHJCfl o^eHb cShbhhbo: 



osHa^aerb <*ypaBja> (cm. JeiUeHCKoe hsa. A6aojm> BaxHAa, cip. 222). 
A y raypa MoxaMMep> npaiio roBopHTi>: cJIaTa, Yssa h MaHaia— bh- 
coRia 6ooicccmeay\ o^bhaho, y Toro opieHTaaada, Raaairb nojftsOBaaca 
raypH,npH «repaHHaa> doaJiocoRpameHHOBt CRo6Raxi>:«(d. Ik G6tter)>,a 
raypa hohhjtl^to bto B G6tter tt - 7 -nepeBOA'Bapa6cRaro ciOBa.— Ha dp.39-ii 
raypa, OTJiaiaiomifica Boo6me 'noApoGHOdMD, BApyrt roBoparB oseHB 
apaTRo: <bo Bpena 6oroMOj»>a 622 roAa rt> HoxaimeAy npaMRHyjia u*- 
jaa TOjnia npainejiBueB'B as* MeAHHU h noRJiaaact AOCToaHiem> h apo- 
bbk) HOAA^psHBaTb A&ia ero> . raypa coo6maen> bto TaRRin. cnoaofl- 
nuwb TOHOMt; Kaat 6yAT0 pt% HAen» He o 3aMtqaTejH»Htflmein> $am* 
cl to^kh sptHia ApeBHe-apa6cRaro 6uTa; aaropi He HaxoAart HHoro- 
poAHaro, MeAHHcaaro dacTynuanecTBa RpattHe CTpanHUMt, ohi> hh cjo- 
bomt> He 3aHaaeTca o samHUxt npa^iHaxi> Taaoro Heo6uHafiHaro ^airra, 
owh OTHouieHia oporo AP^BHe-apaficRaro ropoAa rt> Apyroiiy npeACTas- 
jiaerL ce6t noBapHOMy TaRi>, Rait Taani r% JlefiAeHy. Xopomo enie, 
ecjia waTejuo, noynaiomeMyca H3i> RHarn Taypa, npaAen> bs> rojiOBy 
BOcnonHHame o ropoAaxi* AP^BHe-rpe4ecRHXT> a o cyAt6t lysaaoBi (Sevot) a 
asraaHHHROBi (<puya8£<;). A to oht> cobcSitb He noMaerB, noieiiy bto cbo- 
6oahuM qejiOBtRi MoxaMMeA* He Mon> apaao yttTa otl cBoero poAa, a 
AOJUReai 6uurc> TafiKOMt 6txaTB, a no^eay fitrcTBO ero bi> qyaofl ro- 
poAt npeACTaBJiMOCb apcbhhm-l apa6aMT> ao TaRofl CTeneHH ptmaTejiB- 
humi> uiaroHi> a 3HaneHaTeju>Hi*in> cofiuTieMi, hto ohh hojoujh otl 




Digitized by 




138 



BTHOrPA*H*IfiCKOB 0B03**H1B. 



uero b6cth cboh) spy. — Ha CTp. 48-8 HOBtCTByeTca o 6htb* npH 
Beflpt (624), bt> KOTopofl 314 MycyjUMara pasSaio hoith irfcjyiD th- 
amy xpaSpuxi, MyacecTBeHBHX'b RopeftniHTOB'b. He THCjny, a ropasAO 
MeHbiue: npaB^a, cnepBa KopefimHTOB'b BHCTymrjio orojio 950 qejioBiurb, 
ho, nojyqHBiHH y ^arox$H H3BfcmeHie ott> A6y CotjnwiHa, sto onacHOds 
MHHOBajia, 6ojte Tpexcorb HeaoBtR'b BOSBpaTMoct aomoH, h Moxainefb 
npa BeApt min A*Jio tojibko ct> aboHhhmi, a He cl tpo8hhmt> *hc- 
Jtowb HenpiBTejeM, RaRt bto oht> h cam yTBepaaaen> Kb KopaHt ( cypa 
III, ct. 12—13). Kpoirfe Toro Taypn h He nonyiiaeTB ynoMjrayib o 
tomt>, RaKyio pojfc ciarpaja bt» no6tA* MoxaMMeAa npociaa CAyna&Hocmt> 
h Aaace utjiufi paAt aynatoocTefl, 6jiaronpiflTHUxi> ajia MoxaMMeAa (Dozy: 
Essai, p. 67 — 68); TaKHMt o6pa30MT> Taypn w&rb iHTaTejno HeB*peoe 
npeACTaBjreme o jhnuocth MoxaMMeAa. Boo6me Hacierb H8J0»eHifl TaypH 
mojrho cRaaait, hto oho to HHorAa MHorocjiOBHO h coAep»Hn> bi> cefrfc 
MHOxecTBO HeHy»HHXT>, aHeKAOTHHecRHXi) noApo6HOCTefi, to HHorAa ao 
HeBOSMOXHOCTH RpaTRo h He coAepMrb bi ce6t oieHb Ba»HHXT>, xa- 
paRTepmjxi> h cymecTBeHHHX'L yRasamfl. Kt TOMy «e, bt> H3jroaeniH 
coOurifl Mbi He bhahmi> y cocTaBHTejfl HHRaRoM pyROBOAflmeft HfleH: *h- 
Taeiut h He noHHMaemi>, Kb neMy TaypH coo6maen» totl hjih APF°* 
ciyqaft H3i> A^flTejibHOCTH MoxaMMeAa. HHorAa, BnpoieM'b, HORaseTCH, 
6yATO Offb Roe-qTO roBopirrc> He cnpocvra, a HaBtcraofl atawo, — 
Haiip., CyATO oh% xoiert cRa3aTt, ito ycirfcxa MOxaMMeAancTBa HMtron, 
noAi> co6ok) coioaJiLHO-BROHOMHHecRyH) noARJiapy (TaROBO MHtrie /Jo3h); 

HO CTOHTt BHHTdTbCH BHHMdTe JBffbe , H 0Ra8HBaeTCfl, 1TO HHRdROH H0- 

AofiHoft HAen TaypH h He aeaaerb npoBecn>: ona npocRajLSHBaerh 6e3i» 
ero B*AOMa, cobc*mt> hcbojebho , toju>ro noTOMy, tto ufcjraa cTpaHHUjj 
aBTopi cHHCHBaert hsi flo3H. HspliARa RaseTca, 6yATO csoeM CTaTbeM 
o MoxaMMeA* TaypH aeaaerb ORasaTb to, wo HairacajrL bt> rohu* raaBii: 
cHcto^hhitb MyTeHi), — ^to me 6yAen> vl hotoromt>?!> , t. e. 6yAT0 
TaypH »ejiaen» noRasaTb Ha ocHOBaniH ^aRTOBt, tto MoxaMMeA* 6un 
He saOjiyKAaiomitlcfl neJiOBtRT>, a C03HaTejibHHfi caMOSBaHeui. Ho npa 
BHHMaT6JitH0M r L pa3CM0TptfflH 0Ra3KBaeTCfl, HT0 h bto8 HAen Taypn He 
npoBOAHTL C03HaTeju>H0, h H3i> ero 6jrtjiHaro H3JioseHifl HHiero He bh- 
xoAHn> (nponymeHi Aaae TdRofi xapaRTepnufi $aRn>, rbri> npeACMepraaa 
npoci>6a MoxaMMeAa — a^tl eMy qepHHJTL h 6yMarn, stoSh oht> Mon» 
HanHcaTt HacTonmiM Kopa»B; ecjuif BoxapH fiMii HeAOCTyneHt cocTaBH- 
Tejno, to ynoMAHyTuft $aRTL Mon 6h 6htb eMy HSBtcTemb, Hy, xote 
H3i fliora: Hist, des phil. et des th^ol. mus., p. 13). Hocji* BToro 
He BtpHTCH a^kc, qio6i> Taypn A*8cTBHTejibHO nojibsoBajca Befijieirb h 
HlnpeHrepoMi, (y t*xt> Mucjrb o caM03BaHCTB* MoxaMMeAa, eojH He no- 
ctohhhomT), to iacTOMT>, npoBeAeHa cjinmROirb bcho); h xoth TaypH wb 

HHCJlt CBOHXT* HCTOHHHROB'b HaSMBaeTL HMeHHO AByX*L nOCJtAHHXt 8BT0- 
P0B1>, BCe TaRH OHeHBB*pOHTHO,qTO 0HT> orpaHHHHBajiCflnpeHMymecTBeHHO 
oahhmt> 303H h, RorAa He cnacbiBajii 6yRBajibHO, CTapajicfl npeACTaBHTb 
RoncneRTb H3i Hero. KoHcneRTb, BnpoqeMi, Bumejrb HeyAaqHbiK, no- 




KPHTHKA H BHBJIOrPA^Ifl. 



139 



T0My-9T0 BH6pacHBa»Tca ysa3aHifl onem> cyqecTBeHHNa. 0co6eHHO MHTe- 
pecefft totb ynpomeHHutt cnoco6i> iincara HCTopiio, Kb KOTopoMy npa- 
6traen> TaypH 9 Eor^a Buy npaxopTca npeACTaBHTb nocieneHHoe pa3BHTie 
BJiacTH MoxaiiMesa, 6HBmaro cnepBa sdhmwrb iejiOBtROMT> m B* Tese- 
HiHfffecROJU>KHXt jitTB CTaBfflaro rocnopHOMt Bcefi ApaBro: cMn (T.-e. mm, 
Taypn) He Mosem> (naKt He M<mein>?! He Haxo^HMi HyiRHMM-b, HairB cRyn- 

HO,— 9T0 HHOe fffeJIO) npOCJltAHTb BCt BOeHHNH H nojurrtrcecKia co6htw, 

bt> pesyjiLTarfe rotopnx'b Ilpopoxy ypjiocB npHBjieu Ha cbok) dopoHy 
6ojo»niHHCTBO apa6oBT>; boct3tohho CKaaaTt (Aaxe!), hto bt> TeneHiH h*- 
ckojq>rhx7> jrfcn> MorynjecTBO ero «o xaRofl cieneHii yBejmiHJiocB, hto 
oht> AOGTHTb npeo6jaflamfl HaA^ RypeHniHTaMH vb hxt> coH)3HHKanH> 
(CTp. 50). Axt, Karb npiarao cjiumaTB TaRia ptnn orb HCtopHKa! hh 

jaTL HH B3BTB — CJOBHO HflfflOHIKa CRa3Ky CRa3MBaeTT»: tflOJLTO JIH, RO- 

POtro jih 6popjn> no CBtoy ffo6puM MOJOAeui>, tojibso 3amejn> on% bt> 
oaho uapcTBO h cAtJiajicH iwpeMt*. — Ha CTp. 52-ft: «H3*i> H0B03aB*T- 

HMXt pa3CKa30BT>, EOM'femeHHIdX'L BT> Ropafffc, KftlTL HeJIBSfl 6oaie BCHMMT. 
0Ed3LIBaeTCH, 4T0 MyXaMM6AT> BO BCK) CBOH) 2KH3HB OCTaBaJlCfl HOHTH CO 

Bepmerao HesHaKOMiurt ct xpncTiaHCTBOMi; ftwi HeMHorHMi>, hto yAa- 
jiocb eiiy ysHaTb o6t> Incyct, oht> o6fl3aHi> 6mjtb, noBHpMOMy, RaROMy- 
iiH6yAB eBpero, ROxopNfl h caMt noyra hhwo He noHHnraJn> bt> xpHCTiaHCKoM 
pejurrur. Ropany H8B*fcCTHa HCTopia pojKAema Iacyca bt> $opMt, EOTopaa 
HanoMHHaerb o(fr> anoRpH^iqecROM'L eBaHreaiH*. RaRHHi> ate otyaacm'b 
eBpefl mofl shbtb eBanrejiie, xoth 6h h anoKpH$HiecRoe? a ecjH He 

MOFb, TO 3HaHHTT> fffeTB H nffffflHX APiaTB, <ITO C06eC , feAHHK'B MoxaM- 

MeAa 6mi eBpefl. Ecjih 6m Taypa BHHRHyjn> bt> Ayxt toto xpncTiaH- 
CTBa, RaRoe HapacoBaHO RopaHfarB, to yBHA*jn> 6m oieHB hcho, <rro 
oho — M0HO$H8HTCR0e; h Tt anoRpH^HraecRia eBaHrejua, OTpazema roto- 
puxi mm HHorAa noptaaeMi. bt> RopaHt, TaRxe Asmara MOHO^HSH^e- 
crhmt> Ayxoin>;H 3aM*qaHie MoxaMMeAa (coxpaHeHHoe Bi>KopaHt)oa3HRt 
CBoero <H09Horo co6ec*AHHRa» He Moaert othochtbch Kb eBpeio, a 
tojibro Kb xpHGiiaHHHy. IIpo$. Ho^ajQ* bi> CBoeMi cMahomet> noraa- 
Tajica bmhchhtb ct hojihok) onpeA^JieHHOCTBio Aaze HHAHBHAyajiBHMa 
RanecTBa btofo <HoiHoro co6ec*AHHRa»,—AO ToroacHH, Ha ero BarjiaAi, 
BCt HaMeRH KopaHa! Owb Aaate Haxopn> bo3moshoctb cm^jio yTBepa- 

AaTB, WO MoxaMMeAOBI) C06eCtAHHRl,-M0H0$H8HrL RHHtJIl HeHSBHCTtlO 

npoTHBi npaBOCAaBHueub h pa3CMHTMBajn> nocpeACTBOMt MoxaMMeAa oto- 

MCTHTB ILWb. H UpHTOBTL TaypH MOn> 6H SfldTB, HTO MoxaMMOAt HM-feJIT. 

CHomema He ct> oahhmt,, a coMHorHMH xpacTiaHaMH; o6i> 8tom*l hoapo6ho 
roBopHTca y innpearepa bt> pa3HHXi> MtcTaxi BToporo TOMa ero rhhth, 
a bt> npaJioxeHia Kb 13-fi rjiast ninpeHrepi cofipajii bc* cBHA*Teju>- 
CTBa BocTomixi aBTopoBt, ROTopaa 6pocaion> CBtrb Ha btotb 
nyHRTB. — Ha CTp. 53-fl h 60-fl Taypn BOo6paaaerB ce6t MoxaMMeAa 

RdRMKL-TO < MOTy H^eCTBeHHUDfL BJiaCTeJIHHOMX* BCefl ApaBiH, RaRHMl-TO 

uapeMt uapefl, h BocxamaeTca, ^to aroTBuapb cOTJinqaJica naTpiapxaJLBHOtt 
npocTorott: caMt npH&asMBaji'B AOManiHHxi ro3t> Ha cBoeMi ABopt h ho- 




140 



8TH0rPA*H1fiCKOK OBOSPfeHlB. 



Morajii »eHa»n» cbohmi bi> iai> noiianiRHXi aaHfliiaxi; bi XHJMiirfc ero 
uapcTBOBajia iyTt He 61>rhoctb».. . y Taypn noMfcimee OTcyTCTBie 
HCTopeqecKoft nepcneimiBH:— bt> MoxaMMeA*, ROTopwfl xm cpeAH ofime- 
c.TBa nojiypicaro, MajroRyjbTypHaro n ne mo®> HMfrrb R8kbxi-jih6o yTOH- 
4eHHXi> noTpe6nocTeft, TaypH bhahto KaRoro-TO <J>Hioco$a-cTOHRa, hie 
TOACTOBua, Ao6poBOJibHO o6paTHBiuarocfl kt> nepHoft pafiorfc. fla h canoe 
npe^cTaBjieHie o MoxaMMent,Ran> MorymecTBeHHOin BjracTejraHt, ne npa- 
BHJibHO. HpopoRi HHRorja ne 6uffb unorb BOCTOHHaro MorymecTBeHHaro 
B^acTejiHHa, spoA*, Hanp., nepcHACRaromaxa: oht> 6BMiepa-epa 6ojrfee, 
Htwh primus inter pares, h MHatHaeMt cjiy^an, Rorja, Hanp., HeAOBOJbHtie 
IIpopo4bHMT» xb&enewb bohhh 6pochjihci» na Dpopona h copBajtH ci Hero 



KapTHHaxt pan, RaRifl HapucoBajrb Moxamiejrb, TaypH aaMftnaerb: 
cMoaeM'b AoraAUBaTbCA, hto nojiOBijfl yBJte^eflw bi xhshh llpo- 
poRa HrpaiH yae ct> omrhb paHHaro Bospada pojo> posoByn. OieHb 
xapaRTepHO, hto My si cTapoft semiraHBi (XepftXH) o6*majn> b*- 
pyiomHMi. bt> paio nonpyrL, pamuxb no $03pacmyy (cip. 56). Ha- 
MeRT> Taypn Ha to, hto MoxaMMejn, thtothjuch &h3H1>m> co CTapyxofc- 
XeAHAiRefi, RpafiHe CTpaHem>: hsb^ctho, hto 8Ty c/rapyxy Ilpopon joo- 
6hjh> orb Bcefi Aymfl, HHRorna eft He H8irfeHfljn>, a Rorja, nocjit ea 
ciiepTH, Ha6pajn> utJitifl rapeMi, h8t> mojoahxi a*bhut>, to hh ojHa m 
ero seHi> He uorjia H3raaTb XeAHAay H3i» ero naMffra, TaRT>-HTO Anna 
6ojrbuie peBHOBaJia Myasa vl noRoftHHift, rt> stoH, no en Bupaxoiiuo , 
c6e33y6oft 6a6t>, vbwb ro BctMt cbohmi XHBbtvb conepHiman*. 
ropaqaa jrio6oBb MoxaMMeAa wh Xcahak* o6iflCHfleTca t*mi, hto oto 
6ujia nepBaa jReHmraa, ROTopyio oht» yaHan. Aorajpa TaypH o paHmxi 
nojiOBfcixx yBJueieHiaxt MoxaMMeAa bhojih* HeocHOBaTeibHa: owb 6un 
u*jioMyApeHi» ao 6paRa ci> XeAHAaefi. IIpaBAa, npnwHa Tyrb 6bura He 
Ao6paa bojih iohohih, a OTcyTCTBie xeHniHHi bt> tomt> Mtcrt, rA* oht> 
oamhoko nacb OBeifb h ro3t>; offb h co6npa-aca Raxi-TO paaa ABa, tfb 
iioxoTJHBHMH ufcjflMH, (jxoAHTb B^ ropoAt, ho HenpepiAtHHUH o6ctoh- 
TejibCTBa Bee saAepxHBajiH ero. 3HaTb bth ^aKTbi, coo6meHHHe y 8T- 
Ta6apifl, Taypn Morb 6u h SHasoMCTBa cb apa6cRHMi hsuromi: 
ctohjio eMy TOJibRo, co6Hpancb TpaRTOBaTb o MoxaMMeA*, npoHHTaTb 
MeffiAy* npovHurb oqeHb H3BtCTHyio RHHry BapTejieMH CeHTb-Hjepa: <Ma- 
liomet et le Coram (Par. 1865, CTp. 85); y Mb»pa, ROToparo Taypn 
hro6h HHTajrb, 9To coo6maeTCH bo 2-mi TOM* ero <The life of Moham- 
med^ CTp. 14. 

CTpaHRiieio 66-ft HanHHaeTCfl BTopan raaBa: <HcAOMb*. Bi Hanait 
aBTopi nepeqncJiaerb sarjiaBia o&beMHCTbixi coHHHenift, ROTopmn offb, 
roBOpHTL, nojbaoBajicfl npn cocTaBaemH cBoeli cTaTbH, h TOJibRO o c»a- 
THX'b, coAepxaTejbHUX'b JieRuiaxi* ^osh (Essai sur Thist. de Tisl.) He 
ynoMHHaerb hh cjoBa. H ceitnacb se, Ha CTp. 67-ft, mu bhahmt> m*cto, 
cnjiouib cnHcaHHoe hst> ^03h; Ao6pwft nacTOjKb Taypn, saHHBniHCb nay- 
HeHieMi saROHa MoxanxeAOBa, 8a6ujrb o BOCbMOft 3anoBtp aaROHa Moi- 





RPHTHKA H BHBtflOIT A*Ifl . 



141 



ceeBa. — Kara tojmo aBTopi, pasfiipaa RopaHi, OTcrynaert ora flo3H 
h Kpeiiepa p nycRaerca Kb co6ctb6hhbi6 aomhcjiu, 0 ht> TOTqac-L bh- 
cRasiiBaeTB nojiHtflmee OTcyTCTBie KpHTH466KHXi» npieMOBi. M3B*ctho, 
hto KopaiTb— 8T0 em 6e3nopflgowoe, MexaMqecRoe (nocMepTHoe) cmo- 
qeme HspeqeHiM MoxaMMeAa, cKasaHfluxt bt» TeqeHiH mhomxt> ji^tl bt> 
pasHoe BpeMa h no pasHturB cjiyqaflir&. Bto xejiaerb cl tojiroitb cy- 
Ahtb no KopaHy o cym HciaMa h o "HacToamBXt BoasptHiax'L MoxaM- 
MeAa, totb jkomewi cnepBa ycTanoBHTb xpoHOJioriio pa ota*jibhhxi> 
cypi> BopaHa, sarfeMi pacnojioMTB hxi bt> xpoHOJiomecKOMt nopflflirfe 
h yrb T8khmt> o6pa30MT. yjiaBJiHBaTb BHyrpeHHioio AiaaeRTHRy nocTenen- 
Haro pasBffrifl ybkmjsfimA MoxaMMeAa; ipoM* Toro, BCTptqaacb ct Ra- 
roH-jih6o ota^jibhoM mhcjibio KopaHa, HSCJitAOBaTeab Bcerna nomewb 
npHHHMaTB vh cooOpaaceiue, npn r8khxt> o6cTOflTeJU>cTBaxi> OHa BHCRa- 
aaHa, h t*mt» 6ojrfce — bt> RaRoit aoraqecRoM cb«3H naxopTCH ona ro 
Bceiiy ROHTeRdy. Hnqero noAo6Haro Taypn ho A^aerb: owl BuxBanj- 
BaeTB TeRCTM H3i> pa8HHXT> MtcTL KopaHa, He npHHMMafl bt> cooopaae- 
Hie 8bojdoiuh BsrjiflAOBT> QpopoRa, h MexaHRHecKH eoeAHHaen. 9th pa3- 
posHeHnue TeRcra bt> oaho utJioe; Htrt HHqero H3y MHTejibHaro , ecjM 
cb TaRHMi npieMOirL moxho yBHflaTB bt> Hc^aMt to, hto KOMy «ejia- 
TejiBHO BH/i'feTb. Ho Taypn h bthmi He ynoB jeTBopaeTCH : owb nonoJiHHert 
cbow RapTHHy H3BJteqeHiHMH h3t> nycyjibMaHCRHX r b npesaHii (xepcoBi,). 
A npH noMOimr xepcoB^ h no^aBHO mojrho cfltJiaTb h8t> MoxaMMeAa see, 
qTO yroAHo: MoxaMMep*, no mejiaHho, Moserb 0Ra3aTbca h 3aRjaTMMT> 
Bparom> acReTHsna, h ropaqHMi> acReTOMi, u aHTponoMop^HCTOHi, h Bpa- 
roirb aHTponoiiop(J)H3Ma— naHTeHCTOirB, h saiuHTHHRom. pa6cTBa, h a6o- 

JHmiOHHCTOITL, H CTOpOHHHROBTb RaDHTajIH3Ma, H fiptlMT, COUiaJWCTOM'b, 

h t. a., h t. n. (MHoro npeRpacHUxi ft yAaqHHXt MLicjieit o xenncaxt 
BHCRaaaHo npo<J>. Ho^ajieMT. bt» ero He pa3i> ysi ynoMHHyTofl mm 
cepiH f Etudes orientales», neqaTdHie ROTopoft yvh npHXOAHTB rt> Rtmny, 
h bt» oahoM H8i cjitAyiomnxi) rhhx6K1> <9iHorpa$HqecRaro 06o3p*Hia» mm 
nospofiHO no&HaROMHMT> qmaTeJieM ci> TpyAam Hotyajw Bii dToft o6jiacTH. - 
BnpoqeirB, npn BCtxi HeAOdaTRaxt ynoMHHyTOif H8mh Il-fl rjiaBH khhth 
Taypn, OHa bco xe jryqnie Apymxi: RaR f b 6orocjiOBT,, aBTopT> ctyito 
HaimcaTB ee aobojebho CTpofino h cicTOMaTHqecRH h bt> to me Bpeia, 
HecnoTpa Ha cboH xpncTiaHCRiM AyxoBHHft cam>, ciynto coxpaHHTb 

BOSHOXHyiO peJIHri03HyK> OfoeRTHBHOCTB H A3»e TepnHMOCTb. 

Ho HaqHHaa ct> rjnasu IH-fl (cTp. 97): tllpasovntpie u iuiumu3Mh> — 
Taypn ohatb jioserb noaeprHyrb qHTaTejra bi OTqaame cBoeft 6e3C03Ha • 

TejbHOCTbH) H XOXAeHieiTB Bl» TeMHOTt nO TOM 06jiaCTH, ROTOpoH Offb 

ROCHyjcfl. Ohi> 8aAajicfl u$ju>jo buhcbhts, B^ qearb 3aoM)qaeTCfl *dyxi 
Hciaira>. Bpanca sa BuacHeme «Ayxa^ RaRoB-JiH6o pejHriH — bto oqenb 
onacHaa Benu>, noTowy sto tAyxi» peJinriH, a» on?e HacqimiBaH>mefi 
6ojrfee THcaqn xtrb »H3HH 3a co6o», 8T0— fffeqTO oqeHb HeyjOBHMoe h 

ClOKHOe, H RJlfl BCflRHXt Cy&LeRTHBHMXT> raAafflfl TyTb OTRpblBaeTCH 

nojnrtBmil! npocTopt. ycrpamax>mHin> npintpoinb RJia oxothhrobi bhh- 




142 



9TH0rPA*HHHCK0E OB03P&HIB* 



cHflib <xyxi> pejiHriS AOjiXHa cjyaniTb HCTopia uojaHora bhachhtb 
Ayxt xpHCTiaHCTBa: saxAui HscatAOBaTejib npHXOAHTh rt> pa3Hum> 3a- 
Rjoo < i6HLaM r b. A TaypH 6epeTca oracnaTb Ayx?» HCjaica, coBctirt MaJio 

nOSpaKOMHBUIHCB CL CaMUMl HCJiaMOITB H BOBCe He n03HaK0MHBfflHCL CT> 
ApymHU BOCTQMHHMH peJlHriflMH. MU CIHTaeMt M8JUUOHHHI Aa H H6B03- 

MorauM'b pa36HpaTt bc* cTpaHHOCTH, KOTopufl AonymeHH aBTopom b*b 
9toA rjiaBt, h cKa»ein> BRpaTii*: B3HTb xaoTHMeciyio cirfccb, neuyeMyio 
KopanoMi, npncoeAHHHTb kt> Heft y^eme optoaorcobt> MycyjibMaHCEMxt, 
npncoeAHHHTb yieide seMAHTOBt, RaftcaHHTOB'b, biot63Juhtobi> 9 cy^ieBi*, 

3eHAHK0Bl>, MOJIbXHAOBl, HCMaHJLHTOB'b H6Hl-MefiMyHa KaAA&Xa, HCMaHiH- 
TOBT> erunCTCSHXl), RBpHdTOB'b, APyBOB'b, HOCeftpHTOBt, e3HftOffb M T.A-, 

bb tobh iHCJit hbhuxt> aT6HCT0BT>, npHcoeAHHHTb c»Aa »e cyeB*pifl, 
cymecTBOBaBmifl orb caMHxi> He3anaMflTHHXi> speMCHii y rfcx* HapoAOBi», 

KOTOpbie BflOCJltACTBiH IipHHfiJEH HCJiaMT>, H 3aT*M«b, He OTjuraaa Hepnb 

pejmrio3HHx i b orb HaitfoHajibHHX'b, Heprb cymecTBeHHUXi> orb cjiyiafi- 
iibix'b, ciecTb BTy ayqy Bossptmfi 3a h*4T0 eAHfloe h ivkaoe h hsbjb- 
RaTb M3T> Hen co6uok Ayxi> MCJiama* -bto, Ha Hann> BsraaAi, fie npocro 
CTpaHHOCTb: 8T0—HHCT*Mfflee Gesyiiie, h hmchho 9to CAtaaJib TaypHl 
IlpH TanoS nocTaHOBKt HsatAOBaHifl Htrb bo3mozhocth wme cnopHTb 
hah coraamaTbCH c% t*mh BUBOAaMH o Ayxt HCJiaMa, kt> RaRHin> npn- 
niejn> Taypn; HyxHO npocTO B03AepaaTbCH orb sc/ucaro MHtHia o6*b 

9THXT> BUBOAaXl. He AJIH CHOpOBT>, HO AJifl TOrO, ^TOObl H0Ka8aTb, Ha- 

CKOJibKO Taypn 3Haerb Torb npeAMera, o Raxoirb 6epeTca miROBaTb, 
Hfai OTMtTHMT> ABa-TpH Rypbe3a. Ha dp. 135-fl Ayxy Hcaaiia npHHHcano 
6jaroAtTeju>Hoe BJiiame Ha pasBHTie cocTpaAama Kb auiBOTHbiirb: cBi 

ErHHTfei, HO CJlOBaMT> JlBHa, «6e3npiK)THHfl HOHIHH DpOHHTblBajOTCA Ha 

o6mecTBeHHufi cqera; A*a 6poaa^hxi> co6aRi HajiHBaiOTCfl boaoio ro- 

fbrra, h 6*AHHe HeptARO a^htch ct> hhmh cbohmt> xatSoMn . Ecjh &b 
aypH 6burc> sHaROMi cb B083ptiriflMH MycyjibMaFb Ha co6aKy, to era- 
neTCRaa JuoSoBb ri> um% rjiySoxo nopa3Hja 6u ero nnpHBejia rb mucjih, 
yto $aKTbi, coo6maeMHe JIaHOMT>, aojushu HCRaTb ce6t o&bacHeHia bt> 
rjiy6oROii ap^bhocth, a He bt> Ayxt HCJiaMa. Edb MycyjibMaHCRoe ape- 
AaHie, no ROTopoMy MoxaHHeAi> cRa3aii>: cAHrejm He noctTarb Toro 
Aona, iyb HaxoAflTca co6aRH>; <rto nepmvb y ce6a co6aRy, tott> e«e- 
AHeBHO ynajiaerb cboh 3acJiyrH uepeAt BoroMi Ha oahht> Rapan>>; Dpe- 
AaHie rjiacHTb TaRate, hto MoxaMMeA^ sanpemi. HORynaTb coftarb 
(Fuudgruben des Orients, t. I, CTp. 176, 177, 187). fcb apa6csix% 
nocjiOBHaax'b h noroBopRaxi coSaxa Bcei^a ^HrypHpyerb, reri caMoe 
npeaptHHoe coaAame, — cm. MeflA^HH: <3iieaJib oab-apa6> Arabum 
proverbia, edidit G. W. Freytag, Bonnae 1838 — 42, rjaBa 20-a, 
JV? 87; <XeMaca» Hamasae earmina, ed. G. W. Freytag, Bonnae 
1828, dp. 176, 518. Y nepca CaaAifl to xe: «CaHoe npeaptmoe h3t> 
cymecTBb — co6aHa» (^«rojiHCTaH , b>, nep. XojuioropoBa, CTp. 327). — 
Ha CTp. 114- ft h3b*cthhH crchthri re33asifl H8o6pa»eHi qtM^-TO bi» 
poA'b rpySlMmaro aHTponoMop$HCTa, h TaypH mobHO nayiuuieTca, Rajrb 




KPHTHKA H BHKIIOrPA^ia. 



143 



9to bt> btomt* $uoco$fc rjyGonafaiee o6pa30same yMBajioci> ct Btpoio 
bt> rpy6o-4yBCTBeHHtifi MycyjiLMaHCKifl paM; npHHeMt A**aeTca ccwMa 
Ha TpaKTart «9j-floppeT oe-eeMrae» (Laperle pr6cieuse, trad, de L. 
Gauticrj. 0 Te33ajiiH cymedByen* cpaBHHTejibHO orpoMHaa JWTepaTypa 
na eBponeifcRHii a3NRaxT>, h ecjH 6u Taypn xotl HeMHoro 6hun> 3Ha- 
robtb ct Heia h npo?ejn> noSoJibme, nbwb opy «Perle pr6cieuse>, to 
BBSA 6U, TTO BT> RyXOBHOMt pa3BHTiH CKeilTHKa re38ajria (1058-1111) 

6mjo MhCKOAbKo nepioAOBi, conpoBoaAaBnraxca ownb pfcniHTejiLHofl jiom- 
Kofi CTapuxt y6tffijjeHifl (cm. ero HcnoBiyu> bt> *9ju>-mohrh3 aH HA-Aa- 
Jiaae», «Le pr^servatif de Terreur*, trad. par. Barbier de Meynard, 
Paris 1877). HaBH3HBaTJ> re33ajriio Ha bck) »H3Hb rfc y6t»«eHia, ro- 
Topua OHt BUCKa3UBaeTi» bo> cflparoutHHoH »eMqy»HHt», dpaaHo; 
aram AOKasMBaeTca He3HaK0MCTB0 raypH ex rfeMi, o Hem* ohx cy- 
Bhtl. — Eme apne fijiemen* HeBtaecTBO TaypH Ha CTp. 123-fi, ta* bt> 
1HCJT& «peJEnrio3HHxi> npa3AHHROBi> npaBOBtpHaro, He uiiHTCRaro Hcjiana> 
ua3BaHi Aniypa, t. e. npa3pHRT> CTpaciefl AOMy AjiieBa. A 9to npa3A- 

HHRT> COScTBeHHO HliHTCRifl, aHTHCOHHHTCKifi; HORd OHT> npoAOjaiaeTCfl, 

noABepraeTca onacHOCTH camaa jkh3hi> cohhhtob'b, jRHBymHXi* bt> Hepcia; 
nepBtiM'B Tpem, xajra^ajTL (AGy-BeRpy, Onapy h OcMaHy) Bee bpoha 
pa3AaiOTCfl TorAa apocTHtw, ropjrcia npoRJwrifl; ceRTaHTCRifi niimcRifi <|>a- 
HaTH3Mi> noAAepffiHBaeTca TorAa pejrario3HHMH npeACTaBJieHiaMH («T6i>3ie>). 
Ha pyccKom H3URt o6t» Aiuypa ecu o6doaTeJu>Haa rjiaBa y Eepe3HHa, 
bt> ero « HyTeHiecTBiH bt> cfeB. flepciio* (Ba3. 1852), a Ha aanaAHO- 
eBponeftcRHxi fl3HRaxt noApo6nbia CBtA*Hia mojkho Haflra y Xoasero, 
ro6HHO,flo3fl l ), 9Te h Ap KaRT> xopomo OAHaRO 3Haen>nacTopi> TaypH boc- 
tori! — Ha dp. 144-fi Taypn coo6maen> aobojikho $aHTacTH^ecRia cb*- 
AtHia o cpRrfc HCMaajiHTOBi>; CB*A*Hifi 9thxt> hh onpoBepraTB He cra- 
HeMi) *) h o6paTHm> BHHMame tojibko ua HHTepecHyio, xapaRrepHyio 
$pa3Ry: c3aMtCTHTejeMT> He3pHMaro xajoi<j>a abmch bo BpeMa Many Ha, 
cAn,chmmcAMo(Ryipcm r b murh)m> Haq.IX B.,A6AaMaxT> H6Hi>-MefiMyHT>> . 
ASAajuiaxt HSffB-MeflMyHt ocHOBajii cbok) ceRTy m* 864 roAy, — 3Ha- 
mhtl, 3to 6ujio He bo BpeMena xaJiH^a MaiiyHa (813— 833J, a bo Bpe- 
Mena xajin^a MociauHa (862—866). 9to— BO-nepBtixt, a bo-btophxx: 
wo TaRoe fcRpmaeTCH y Taypn 3a ero HeonpeAtJieHHUMi BupaseHieifK: 
<bo BpeMa MaMyHa,— cjitAOBaTejBHO, bt> na^iajit IX b.>? JIoBHAHMOMy t 
3A*cb cRpHBaeTCH npodoe He3Hame Toro, on> RaRoro roAa ao KaRoro 
uapcTBOBajn> MaMyHt. — Ha dp. 151 -it Haun> 3HaT0RT> BOdORa yBt- 
paen>, wo uiiHTH He xoprB na noRjOHeme bt> MeRRy. OqeBHAHO, ohi> 
He noTpyAHjica AO^HTaTt ao ROHaa Aase RHHXRy ^osh, ta*, no BepTOHy, 



Taypu CCH4E6TCJ1 bi 3-fi rjasi sail pasi b Ha io3H, bo y roro (Essai, p. 449) 
npujio HaaHcaHo: „Les chiites ont plusieurs f6tes outre celles que les orthodoxes 
c^l^brent aussi; celle du Moharram en est la principale a . 

9 ) Cm. Hamy CTaniD „HcMaHJHTH a vk BHi^Huon. cjoaap* Bpoarayca ■ 3(J>poHa. 
noxpooflaa HCTopia ceara HSJoaaeHa aaMH b% aadxauijixi Boer. KomfBccii Hmii. 
Mocb. Apxeoj. o6iuecTBa a 6yAen» Bcaopt BaneiaTaaa. 



Digitized by 




144 



STHOrPAOHIBCROB OB03P*HIB. 



Tasi xhbo onHcaHO noBeneme miHTCRHX'B 6oronoju>ueBi bi Mewrt. 
(Essai, p. 443 — 446). Bi tomi> RapaBanfe nriHTCRHXi* 6oroMOJLBueBt, 
Kakoft bha^jtb B6pTOHi», 6hjio no 1200 qejOBtra. 

TaKoe ase MHfcme, KaKoe mh BHCKaaaJH o npeAMKymeft rjaBt, mbi 
BUCKaaeMi> BOo6me h o CJitayiomefl, HeTBepTOft: ^Uoeoo6pa306aniH u 

mumu pe<f)OpMb* (CTp. 155 H CJ.). H31» OTAtJIBHHXTb 3aMtHaHMUTb y 

TaypH HHTepecHO, Hanp., Ha CTp. i62-ft: <Cy$x— rpySufl niam H3*b 
K03JiHHtix r i> mnypi**. 0 cjiob* «cy$», ^aBiuefl hmh 3HaMeHHT0fi ceRTfc 
cy<j)ieBT>, iianHcaHU lvfejiua cTaTBH, h rptxt HCTopHKy HCJiaMCRaro pn- 
aema He 3HaTb, ito cy^OMt Ha3HBaeTca Bep6juo2RBfl niepeib hjh BJia- 
cBHHua. 0 BaxHOHi 3HaneHiH stoM BjiacaHHiju cm. Hann> «0?epKi> pas- 
BHTia cy(J)H8Ma> , CTp. 18. 9to cjiobo He ^yajo h CTapHHHOMy pyccROMy 
astray; cm. bi «flonojiH. rt> aRT. hct., co6p. h H3A. Apxeorp. Komm.i, 
Cn6. 1846, t. I, M 131: «3y$B ROCTOMaHCRaa, ivfcHa Tpn py6jui> 
(I^apcn. pacxop. RHHra 1584—1585 r.rj; Tarae cm. y CaBBaaiOBa: 
cOhhc dap. uapcR. yTBapefl> h t. «. (Cn6. 1865), o Mann napn 
BopMca ToflyHOBa 1589 r.: tOnaniem, 3yet jnutoHHa ROCTOMOHEa> . — Ha 
dp. 163-fi Taypa yBtpnerB jrerROBtpHtixt MTaTejiefi, <rro sctb nepcu 
mhcthrh h npeAaiOTca pejuiri03HHM , B 8RCTa3aMT>. MoserL 6uti>, Ha Aa- 
jieROMi 3anaA* eMy h HOBtparB, ho HaAteMca, qT<j y HarnHXi mocrob- 
crhxt> qHTaTeaeM B03HHRHen> noA03p*Hie wl HCTinrfc cuoBt TaypH, ecjm 
He no OTHOUieHiio ro Bceil llepciH, TO,noRpafiHetf Mtpt, no OTHonieHbo 
Rt toS nepcHACRofi rojiohIh, RaRaa npoxHBaerB bt> Mocrb*. 

Bt» rjiaBt V-fi (dp. 191): cCbw« 6wni* — cosepnieHa nyTa- 
HHua Tpext noHHTiS: ceMba ApeBHe-apa6cRaa, ceMba MOxaMMeAaHCRaa h 
ceMLH rfext Hauifl, RaRia npHHHJHi HCJiaMi*. Bo cBoeMy o6u<iaK), Taypn 
cjiHBaert Bee bto bt> oaho utJioe, npH<jean>, Hanp , Ha AOHCJiaMCRyio 
apa6cRyio aeHmnHy nepeHOCHrt qepra no3AHtfloiia. JKeHiuHHa aohcjmm- 
cRaa BOBce He 6ujia TaRHMt yraeTeHHHMi, 3a6HTBnrb cymecTBOMi, Ra- 
rhm'b pHcyeTb ee Taypn (CTp. 192): bchomhhmx TaRie o6meH3B*fccTHiie 
npHMtpu, R'dWh XeAHA»y, Anuiy, Xhhax (seHy A6y-Co$ r i>flHa), bciiomhhmt> 
Ty pojib, RaRyio arpaJiH xeHU^HHU bi> OxoacroM 6htb^ (MiOMepii, pyccR. 
nep., CTp. 137), BcnoMHHMT> Bmmn Anrapa ci> ero A6jieit, bcitomhhmi>, 
iiaROHeirL, AOHCJiaMCRO puuapcRia Ryju>n> xeHii|HH r h; MHoatecTBO noApo6- 
HOCTeft cm. y KpeMepa bo BTopOMi> tom* tKulturgeschichte des Orients> ; 
cm. TaRxe Haui f b nepeBOAi KaoycTOHa: <Popular tales and fictions* 
(JIbbobi 1896: «HapoAHi k33kh Ta BHrapu. JIr bohh 6jiyRaH)TB Ta nepe- 
BepTaK>TBca», CTp. 68 — 69 h <^OAaTOR> ro BBeAeHho). KaaeTca, npn- 
tomt>, TaypH h He noA03ptBaert, hto ApeBHie apa6u He cocTaBJUiiiH 
OAHOo6pa3Hofi Maccu, a a^hjihcl Ha nycTtrantixx h ropoACRHXi, 6un> 
KOTopuxi bsbhmho oTJiHHajTca. TaypH BOo6me HMteTB o ApeBHHXT* apa- 
6axt caMoe HeacHoe npeACTaMeme, 4T0 bhaho h3t> HaHBHoft $pa3H: 
<hh bt> RaROMi> nwepdoMb 3aK0Mb xeHn^HHa He HMtia samHTH ce6t> 
(CTp. 192), — orb AOHCjaMCRHXi apa6oBi>, ynpauHBiniixcfi oSuiaaMM, 
aBTopi »Aerb RaRoro-TO nncaHHaro cboab saROHOBi! 




KPMTHKA H BHBJlOrPAOIH. 



145 



Tjiasa medafl (CTp. 234 — 272): tQSuwmecnnhtu cwpofty — Cnjia 6h 
xopoma, ecjra 6h aBTopt H3MtHHjii> CBoeaiy oStwaio: He dapajrca 6u 
yjiOBHTb ueyjuoBHMuM ayxi HcaaMa h ue cjHBajrL 6u bt> oaho ivfcaoe 
»jieMeHTH HCjamcRie h HeHCjaMCRie, pejmrio3HHe h nojurraiecRie h t. a. 
TairB, Hanp., (Ha dp. 253-M) npecji*noBaHia, HcnHTaHHHH xpncTiaHaMH 



CTporai o Mycyju>MaHCRaro HanpaBjienifl> . Bt 9tomt> yTBep»fleHui MHoro 
ROHH^ecRHXTs HenpaBiUBHOCTefl h Hacqert Bceft ernneTCRoH (j)aTHMHACRotf 
puacTiH, h Hacqera XaRHMa. ErHnercRaa AHHaciia $aTHMHAOBT> 6ujia 
ne npaeoetbpHOM, a HCMaHAHTCRaa; ynpaBjiaa B*b ErHnri, OHa OTJuna- 
jiact 3aMfbHatneM>Hoio tnepnuMocmbw; noTOMy-TO aBTopHTerL-cneujaiHCTTi 
CTaH. rioflapi Haxoprt, hto ecjin 6h. HcmaHjiHTCRoM ceRTfc ypioci. 
ynepaaTBCfl bt» EnmTfc, to sto 6iwia 6h HacToamaa ijHBHJiHsaiuH rih 
Bcero MycyjibMaHCKaro Mipa («Un grand maitre des Assassins>, par 
St. Guyard. Journ. Asiat. 1877, I, p. 336). IHecTOl xaaH$t 9to« 
PHacTiH XaRHHt (BCTynHjn> Ha npecTOjn> bt> 996 r.) CTajii nocTynaTb 
HHane, m*itb ero npejjmecTBeHHHRH; npn Ttxi. xpHCTiane h eBpeH npi- 
oGptjiH orpoMHoe BJiiaHie, a XaRHin> c/rajn> hxt> npecjitnoBaTt. 9tooih> 
cAtjaii onacTH noTOMy, hto 6hjtb cyliaenieAinifi h B36ajmomHHtt nejio- 
Blurt, OTHacTH »e noTOMy, wo xpHCTiane, saxBaTHBinie bmcoria aojiw 

HOCTH BT> CBOH pyRH, 6HJIH yjIHHeHH BT> Rpaftfiett HeHO6p0COB*CTH0CTH 

h 3JioynoTpe6jieHiaxi; 6njh eme h Apyria npiiHHHH (cpB. Dozy: Essai, 
p. 287), ho h nxt HHRaR'i. Heju>3a cBopTL rt> «pa3BHTiio r/rporaro 
MycyjiBMaHCRaro HanpaBJieHia*, noTOMy hto XaRHii opHaROBO nron 

XpHCTiaHt H BT> T*fc MOMeHTH, ROr^a jtaaJICH OpTORORCOMt, H BT> T*, 

ROi^a onHTL CTdHOBHJCH niiHTOMi h BparoMi opTOnoRCOBT>, npecjitaya 
nocirtpHxi Bt TaRie nepioAH HapaBHt ct, xpHCTiaHaMH. KcTara otm4- 
thni>, hto bt> rohu* cBoero coo6meHifl o XaRHMt Taypn TaRHte npOflBHJIl* 
He3Hame boctohiioH HCTopin: — <B'l rohu* ate rohuobt>, h xpHCTiafie, h 
iy^eH 6hjih BHHyjRAeHH rt> iiaccoBOMy BticejieHiio h3t> OTpaHH> , roBO- 
Phtl oht», a Toro He 3Haen>, ito nocjit 1017 r. XskhmT) jo3BOJiHjn> 
BcfeMt BOSBpaTHTBCfi, h, AtficTBHTejitHO, Macca nepecejieHi^eBi BepHyjiact 
Ha3aAi wb ErHnerb.— lIpoAOJUKan bmachbtb fnyxT>> HCJiaMa, TaypH bt. 
ynoMAHyToit 6-8 rjnaB* aoxoahtl ao Bucmnxi RpafiHocTeft. KaRi» 6oro- 
cjobi, Taypu npHBum> BfepHTb, hto coAepmame RaRofi-jiH6o pejiHriH, 
iioao6ho AorMaTaM'B, BcerAa ocTaeTca oaho h to »e. A 9to He BtpHo: 
coAepffiame pejHrin Moaert MtHflTtcfl coo6pa3no vl nepeMtHaMH Bt 
o6mecTBeHHOMi> nacTpoeHiH, xoth AorMara en 0CTa»TCfl 6e3ycjiOBHO ho- 
HSMtHHUMH. BosbiieMt, Hanp., xpHCiiaHCTBo: hocji* BcejieHCRHXi co6o- 
poBT, AorMaTU ero OROH^aTejitHO y ciaHOBH jihcb , h sa ayxoitl 

EBanrejiiff hohth bc^mh h BcerAa npiaHaBajiocb h npH3HaeTca oaho h to 
»e: jih)6obi>, a uesAy TbMt HanpaBJieHie hjih coAepxame xpHCTiaHCTBa 
Bee BpeMH MtHaaoct h M*HflJioci>; h, Hanp., HAeajii cpeAHeBtROBHXi> . 
xpicTiairb 6iuh oahh, a HAeajiu HMHtiuHRXt— Apyrie. Tasi, epepeat- 
KOBue xpHciiane H3i> ropaneft jk>6bh ki> ojihshhitb c^HTajH Heo6xoAH- 




3THOrPA*H«IRCKOE 0B03P«BIK. XXVTI. 



10 



Digitized by 




146 



9TH0rPA*H<IKCK0E 0B03P*HIR. 



mhmt> sanepeTbca bi Reabt, MyiHTb ce6a n moutlca 3a nipi>, aa b 
ApyrHxi* npHHy»AaTi> rt> acKeTH3My, n noAaBjemio mhcih, n noaaB- 
jseniio bojh, a HHHtniHie xpnciiaHe bo hmh to8 se juo6bh kt» 6ju- 
hhmt> cTpeiwTca mwTb nil Mipt, yjiyqniaTb noioseaie saSHTtixt uapoA- 
huxx Macro, BHyuidTB Hail qyBCTBO coScTBeHHaro aoctohhctb3 , nopM- 
MdTb HX'b coqiajibHoe 3Haqerae. HHRaRia noAo6HHfi pasMbinueHia nacTopy 
ray pa Bb roJOBy He npHXOAarb; no ero MHtmio, pa3T> hto Ha3UBaeica 
HaaMi>, to oho Bcerjja oahht> h Torb me HCJiaM'b. IIodTOHy, Kor«a ptib 
HflerB 0 RaRofi-HHGyAB 6jiecTame9 h dutnaTaiHOfl anoxfc shshh Mycyjb- 
MaHCKaro o6medBa, Taypn cqniaerb ce6a BnpaBt roBopHTb: cHo b^ai> 
see 3to He corjiacHO cb hcthhhwmt, AyxoMi* HCjana>;H c% Apyrofi cto- 
poHM, RorAa oht> pa36apaerb RaRyio-HH6yAb anoxy ynaARa h <j>aHaTH3Ma, 
oht» aaaMflerb: «A Borb bto BnojiHt corjiacHO Cb hcthhhhmi> Ayxoin> 
HCJiaMa!> Pa3AaBaa Ha Bet ctopohh naTeHTH Ha 3Banie HCTHHHaro mh 
HeHCTHHHaro MycyjibMaHMia, TaypH oahht* pa3i> Aaerb naieHrb BToporo 
poAa, a He nepBaro... caMOMy MoxaNHeAy! fla! HecMOTpa Ha to, hto 
RaKfloe HtcTo KopaHa ecTb cbhtuhh h 3anoB*Ab bi rjasaxi Nycyu- 
Mam>, Taypa roBopHTb, <ito rfcMtCTa KopaHa/ROTopwe nponoBiAHBawrb 
nojrayio TepmiMOCTb rt> xpHCTiaHaan> h iyAeafifb h rotopmmh apa6u 
CTBHTejibHO pyROBOAHJiHCb bt> UBtTymiil iiepioAi> xajH(j)aTa, He coraacHH 
ci> AyxoMi> HCJiana: cHcthhhhM jkc Ayxi> iicjiaata Jiymue Bcero Bbipa- 
saeTca btj cjrfcflyiomHX'b cjioBaxb Oaapa (a He MoxaMHeAa!): <Mu aoj- 
khu norjioiuaTb xpHcriaHb* h t. a. (CTp. 256). Ha cTp. 258-8 wrra- 
ewb: c RorAa OyaA'b-nauia yTBepsAA^'b bt> cBoeMT> noJiHTHiecROMi* saBt- 
mame, hto pe<j>opMU, npeAOCTaBaaromia OAHHaROBHa npaBa Bctab hcho- 
BtAaniflMi, lie HaxoAHTca wb npoTHBoptiia ct> hcjtcmomt*, oht. Bnara 
npocTO-Ha-npodo bt» oaho rpy6oe 3a6ay»AeHie> . MTairb, TaypH cih- 
Taerb ce6a, npoTeciaHTa, ROMneTeHTHbiMi hiiomi» wb onpeAtieHia chc- 
THHHaro Ayxa> HcaaMa, a HacToamaro MyeyjtbMaHHHa OyaAa (h A&xe ca- 
Moro IIpopoKa!) npH3Haerb He KOMneTeHTHbiMH cyAHTb 061 HcnoBtAUBae- 
Moft'pejiHriH. CnpauiHBaerca nociit Bcero dToro: rto »e Moaserb 6brrb 
cyAbeH), h hto Moserb 6brrb RpHTepieHi a^h nosHaHia npecjOByTaro 
c HCTHHHaro Ayxa* RaRoft-JiH6o pejiarm?! 

Hy, sAtcb Mil octcLHobhmch h 6H^e AaJibuie pas6HpaTb RHHXRy Taypn 
ne 6yAeM%, xoth mu He aouijih h ao hojiobhhu ea. Bt> Hefi SesycjOBHO 

MHoro ecTb xopoiuaro , xoponiH HMeHHO bc* CTpaHHUH, cnicaHuua 

H3T> flo3H h Kpevepa GysBaAbHo; ho MHoro ecTb h Aypnoro, MHoro ecTb 
ouihSokt*, npoHCxoAamnxi orb HeB'feasecTfia aBTopa, orb HeyMtHba nepe- 
AaTb qyxia CB^AtHia h orb CTpeMJieHia fttJiaTb cjihuiromx CRopocutwe 
bhboau Aa npeAJiaraTb coMHHTejrbHue HCTopH^ecRie saxoHii BpoA* toix), 
4TO <fi*b MHHyTy Bbicoqaguiaro pejiHriosHaro HanpaateHia o6mecTBa BcerAa 
bi> HeMi> npoaBtTaiorb HayRH h hcry ccTBa > . OcTaBjaa 6o3i> pas6opa 
BTopyio qacTb RHHrH Taypa, HaMi> Bee sse najib He otm^thtl h*roto- 
pwx^ HenpaBHJibHHX'b CBtAtHiS, coo6n^aeMbixi b% Hefl, no RpaBHeM 
Mtpb ABjx'b-Tpexi. Ha CTp. 323-1 ynoMHHaeTca y TaypH RaRo8-TO H6irb- 



Digitized by 



KPHTHKA H BRBAIOrFA <Mfl . 



147 



XyiafiGt, aBiopi> KaKoS-TO «KHHr« n03Hanifl». Hsi» flajitHtMuiaro H3Jio- 
aeHifl MOffiHO AoranaTtca, hto sto nomewh 6Bm> M3BtcTHHfi hctophkt> 
H6H^-KoTefi6a, aBTopi> „KHnni CB*A*Hiff no HCTopia" („KHTa6i ojh>- 
Meapn(J)t $h T-TapHXT> tt ). — Ha cip. 326-ft TaypH yBipaerb, hto 
<j>iuioco<{)T> 8ju>-Oapa6H 6luhi> Bpan> mhcthuhsms. Oqenb ne BtpHo.— Ha 

CTp. 375-fi nOCJltAHHMT> XaJH^OMl Ha3BaHt MyTaBaKKHJLb. HoCJltAHHM'L 

6ujh» MocTacuMt (1241—1258), a MoTeBeKKHJUL ijapcTBOBajrb Ha ne- 
•rupecTa jitrt paHtuie (846—861). 

Tenepb noroBopnirb o tomt> Rocnoirfc, bt> Kaxoirb RHara Taypn hb- 
jaeTca nepep> pyccKoft ny6jiHROfi, — noroBOpHMx o nepeBOA*. Oirb He- 
yaaqeffB bo Bete* OTHomeflim. fl3HKt nepeBOA^HRa (r. XoiyTOBa) 
Tflxejui, a bt> HtROTopuxi* MtcTaxi cb TpyAOMi> Aaxe noHHMaeTca. 
Hanp., Ha dp. 288: „HopHaaJin mneft xpHCTiaiicKHXt HauioHaabHocTeft, 
bi> norpyaeHHUXi* bt> MeiTU o My3HRt, noa3M m o Rpacorfc npnpoABi 
MycyjibMaHaxt McnaHin, bha^buihxi tojibko BapBapoBi x ct> RaRofl-TO 
AHRoM aecTOROCTtH) hxt» HCTpe6jaBinirx f b\ Ha CTp. 291-8: „Bi CTpa- 
naxi HCJiaMa CMOiub HMfcerB MtcTO nepBOe coc/roame, h bt> hhxt> no- 

CTOflHHO SOJILIllifl COCTOflHW CROHJIfllOTCfl BT> pyKaXT> M6HbHIHHCTBa a (Hep- 

Btifl pa3t cjiobo „cocTO*raie a osndiaerb^cjiyHall", h oho— noAJiexamee). 
Ha CTp. 359-fl: „UpeACTaBJieHifl bt> nyOjinqHUxi* MtcTax* pa3BjieqeHia 

H BT> HaUIHXt 60JLIHHXT> ropOflaXt OTHCOAb HH JiyHHie HH Ha BOJIOCB 

(itarb Ha BOCTORt>). ipoMfc cthjih, y r. XoiiyTOBa xpoiiaerb h npaBO- 
nHcaHie, TaRi> ?to rpaMOTHOMy nejiOBtRy HHorp cTaHOBHTca npocTO He- 
npiHTHo; 6epy ajih npHirfcpa nepBiin nonaBiniacfl oihhOrh: HeB^Hie, 
BOGTOKOB'fcfleHie (2), npepfcRamft (34), bi Teieme irfcCROJibRHX'b jtn> 
(49), HHCHiift (121), ocRyAeHie (290). -Ob HtMeaRHarb H3HROin> nepe- 
boaihrt> 3H8romt> moxo, h 3to TaKxe He nocjiyarajio bt> noJib3y ero 
paSorfc. Moxho npocTtfTb esiy, RorAa oht>, Hanp., bm. raaeaH roBoparb 
o R03* (crp. 15), ho ecTb ohihSrm h nocepio3H*e. 06* oahoHh^hhxi 
ctohtt* pa3CRa3aTb noApo6HO, noTOiiy mo ona Spocaen, cBfcrb Ha to, 
RaRT> HHorAa o6o6maK>Tca eAHHHHHbie (Jwikth. Hoarb Hupyjib KaficT> (bt> 
nepBoM nojiOBBHt VI B*Ra), xejiaa otomcthtb sa cMepTb cBoero OTua, 
OTnpaBHJicH cnpocHTb coBtra y opasyjia gyjib-Xejiace (Bap. cXojoce>, 
<Xeju>ce*). OTBfcrb A^BaiCH nps noioma Tpexi cTptoiHa oahoS 6Hja 
HaADHCb: <npHRa3i>, Ha ApyroA: «3anpemeHie» , Ha TpeTbefi: «noAO«- 
AaTbi. MMpyjibRaflc/b BBiTHHyjn Ty cTptJiy, Ha ROTopofl 6hjio HanncaHo: 
«3anpemeHie». TorAa,B r b rntBt, oht* H3Jionajn> Bet TpH CTplwiH, niBup- 
Hyn o6jiomrh bi» rojroBy HAOJia h BOCKJiHRHyjix: «ByAb bto meou OTeu^, 
Tii He 3anpeTHjn> 6h mctmtb aa Hero!» h npoHSHeci oaho Rpynnoe py- 
raTeabCTBO. 9totb cjiyqaa, no apa6cRHirb HCTo^HHRairb, cooSmen'b y 
Caussin de Perceval'a b^ ero SHaiieHiiTOMT* Essai snr Thistoire des 
Arabes*, t. II, CTp. 310 (Paris 1847). flo3R bt> cbohxi jieRuiaxbno 
HCTopiH HCJiava npHBOAHTb, noBHAHHOMy no KocceHyAe HepceBajno, btotb 
xe cjiyqaM ajih xapaRTepHCTHRH o6pameiua H3MiecRHX , b apa60Bi> co cbohmh 
HAOjiaHH, npH wwh He ynoMHHaerb hh HMeHH KocceHa AeHepceBajw, hh 




148 



9TH0rPA®Ht)BCR0B 0B03PfefUE. 



Aase HM6HH HipyjibKaHca, a roBopHTb npocro: <oahhi> apa6x> (Essai 
sur Thist. de lislam. 1879, p. 10; 9T0 nepeBop* ct> rojuiaHACRaro: 
tHet Islamisme, Harlem 1863). Taypa, ROToptiS, mokho CRa3aTb na- 
BtpHoe, RocceHa ne IlepceBajifl n wb pynaxi, He Mute*, nepeflaJTb toabko 
to, hto Haiiiejrb y flo3H. A r. XoMyiwb, He bohhbuih cMticja Htmen- 
icaro HMnep^eirra, nepeBejrb ero no-pyccKH bhaomt> HecoBepnieHHbra i» , 
npH^eMt bm*cto cKor^a* nodaBHJi^ «ecjH» h bh. « karo^-to » — « Ra - 
KOii-HH6ym>>; TaRMMb o6pa30arb nojayiHjiocb rjtxyiomee o6mee npepo- 
xeHie: «Ecjm RaRoM-HH6yAb apa6i> raAajii Ha CTptiaxt o tom-k, aoji- 
xeHi hjih He AOJi3KeHT> oht> otohcthtb 3a cMepib oma, h Tpn pasa bu- 
HMMaaacb cipiJia «aanpemaeTca>, Tor^a oht> JioaajTb 8Ty cipfcjiy h 
Opocau ee bt> mio HAOia ck apocTHHirb KpBKOMt: cDpeaptHHuti! 
ecjiH 6u y6HTufl 6wn> OTeivb tboH, th He sanperajn. 6u Tor^a RpoBO- 
MmeHiflU EahuhhhuM cjiyiait, OTHoeamifica tojjbko kt> oahom)" Miipyjn> 
Kaficy, B03BeAeH r i> y r. XoMjTOBa bt> 3aR0Hi» ajw Bctn ApeBHHXTb apa- 
6obi>, a BHHOBaTo uecBoGoAHoe noHHiame HtiieuKaro B3URa.— Ha cTp. 
192-ft roBopHTca o6t» oco6ofl <j>opiri> 6paRa: 6paRa <pap HacaaatAeHia*. 
Kto 3Haen» boctokt>, totl AoraflaeTca, hto ptib aj^evb o <MBTai>> , 
hto 3Ha4Hn> <nojib30BaHie» ; h no cBoeMy Ha3Bauiio, h no cBoeiiy 3Ha- 
qeHiio 3Ta $opna 6paRa oueHb noAxoAJirb rt> JMTHHCROny «usus». 1\ Xo- 
MyxoBi> He hohbjii iiacToamaro cMtiwia iitneuRaro cjnoBa cGenuss>, 
ROTopoe 3Ha4UTL h « ii0Jii>30BaHie > m <HacjiasAcAie>, n orroro bt> ero 
uepeBOA'fe noaBHJica Rypi>e3Huli Teprnmis — <6paRi> paAH HacjiasAeHia*,— 
TepMHHi> cOHBMHBbiB h Morymifi, noaaayft, a^tl umwh HHTaxejuiMi cboo- 
o6pa3Hoe npeACTaBJieme o.sHaneHiR dToro 6paRa. — Ua CTp. 133-Snepe- 
BOAa r. XoMyTOBa ■WTaTejib HaftAera crpaHHyio #a3y: tDpHUHprneabHoe 
OorocjioBie nfcRoero (sic!!) Aniapa, Aocrarniee rocnoACTBa okojo 900 r. 
h c r b rfcxt uopi> odaiomeeca rocnoACTBy»mHM r b ao HaniBXi BpeMeHT>\ 
<HtbKoeeo AniapH!> 9to roBopmca o T0M r b cJiaBHOMi 6orocjOB*, ro- 
ToptiB HaHecb phuiHTeJibHHfl yAapi 3HaMeiurrofi ceRit M0Te3HJBT0Bi> 
(pauioHajiHCTOB , b-$njioco(J)OBi)! He mta nepeAi co6oio HtieuRaro opa- 
iHHajia, He HoseNi cyAHTb t% yBtpemiocTbio, rto 3A*cb HanyTaJii: 
aBTopi hjih nepeB0A4HRi>? Rymewb OAHaRO, hto Taypa, RaRi> qeJOBtRi> 
3anaAHufl, He MorbHe3HaTb o6t> Ani'bapiH m, npeAnojiaraa TaRoe xe saa- 
nie wh cbohxtj ^HTaTejaxi, HanHcaJH>: <des gewissen Asch , ari> , t. . e. 
HaBtdHaro Am r bapia, a r. XoMyTOBy BcnoMHHJiocb Bupaaenie: ein ge- 
wisser— cHtRifi>.— JIaTHHCRifl a3biR f b r. XonyTOBy HtcROJibRO HSBtcTem, 
ho Jiyune Cujio 6bi, ecjiu 6t> 6hji> BOBce He HSBtcTeHT*; ohi> Tor«a He 
cMtinajTb 6bi crauscularis>, h <niasculinus>, Rasi 3T0 ohi CA^aJi^ 
Tenepb, Ha3UBaa 6ojit3Hb MoxaMMeAa He <nycRyjibHofl HCTepieit>, a 
iMyjtcecKou Hdepiei(> (dp. 23)..— ApaGcRaro H3URa nepeBOA^HRi BOBce 
He 3HaeTb, m noTOMy co6cTBeimua HMeHa ipaHCRpn6HpyioTCfl cb Htiieu- 
rhxi> 6yRB*b ua pyccRia co MH0S6CTB0M r b offln6oRT>: Hanp., aBJiaeTca 
ABa «c» TaMi, i'At Hy»HO TOJitKO oaho <c> (fiaccpa," Manccypi>, ancwpu, 
uyccapiH); bm. <a»» miuieTca <aui> (mopauihtu 155); bm. «3» 6HBaerb 




KPH1HKA H BHBJIorPA^lfl 



U9 



<c» (A3ttct 181) h HaoSoporb — bm. «c» y r. XoMyroBa nHiucica 
HHorAa «3», RaRi> „XaB3a" (bm. „Xa<|)ca u , aeHa MoxaMMep) m n raMasa te 
(bm. *XeMaca a , c6ophhrt> flpeBHe-apaocRHXt cthxobt> h ntcetrb); HCRa- 
aaa nocjrfcpee ua3Baflie, nepeBoaqHRT> tbwb caMibun> pRastiBaerb csoe 

DOJIHOe H63HaR0MCTB0 CL rJiaBHtftlUHMH UpOH3B6AeuiflMH apa6CR0ft J1HT6- 

paiypu (pa OTpuBKa h3t> XeMacti nepeBepHH pae Ha pyccKifi h3Uri> 
CTMxaMH y Bepra bt> ero ^DtcHaxt pa3HMXi> HapopBi> a cip. 215 — 
220, RHHrfc o^eHb nonyjiapHOfl), h 9nHTen» „u3mcmnbiu c6opHHRT> a 
BBMeTca TxOKb nepoMt r. XoMyTOBa npocTO apoHieM. 3aMtTHMi> RCTam, 
uto „XeMaca u 03HaqaerL ^nopHrw^ „p6jiecTb u , Torp RairL B TaMa3a tt 
(ct ypoeHHHMB <m> ) — „ nopnrHBaiomdH ROReTKa"; hmh aeHH UpopoRa 
„Xa$ca u 3 Ha 4 art (no cjiOBapio KaMycy) He to „mojwph JibBHina", He 
to „rieHa a , Ha3Bame bo bchromi ciyqa* Saaropopoe, Torp RaRt Xo- 
MyTOBCROe «XaB3a> 3Hawn> ^riraa mulieris a . Oco6eHHaa Sfcp r. Xo- 
Mymy cb nepepqefl jiajHHCRoM 6yRBU ^h u : aanapue opienrajiHCTU, 
Bt cHjy 6tffHocTH jaTHHCRaro a^aBHTa, ynoTpeOjawrb ee h pa 060- 
3Ha^6Hia 3ByRa „h a , h pa o6o3HaqeHia* MarRaro „x a , h HaROHeirt Bt 
RaqecTBt HtMOft 6yRBH (HanpHMtpt b*l n Schah-naineA a ROHeiHoe „h u 
He HHTaeTca). T. XoMyTOBi naydany CTaBHn> HHorp bm. „h a pyccRoe 
«x>, a HHorp BOBce Hpeue6peraerL mwb h He nepeperL HHRaROft pyc- 
croS 6yKBofi; TaRHMt oSpasOMt y r. XoMyTOBa noaBjaeTca, Hanp., bm. 
<HxpaMi>> (napa^t MeRRaacRaro 6oroMOJibqa) — <HpaM^> («ito 3HaqHTL 
hjih <pait>, hjih tonyxaHie>. cMOTpa no pjirorfe hjih RpaTRocra rjiac- 
hhxt> bt» ciob*); popem «3axpa» ^BtTymiB)o6pamaeTCfl B'b c3apa» 
(«pyrajn>>); „piiR , a> (nORJioHL npn mojihtb*) Ha3Bani «pHRaxT>>, no 
CRopte Bcero mokho hohatb RaRi cofiaibe hmh (xaRi no KaMycy); xa- 
mtyh <Ca$$axT>», t. e. <KpoBoaapHfi> (npo3BaHt t3rt> sa aecroROCTb), 
HepeRpemenL r. XoMyTOBtWL bt> Ca$$y (<Ga^a»=»cqHCTOTa>), h t. i., 
h t. fl. flflorp bm* «h> r. XoMyTOBt mmerb „r a , o6panjaa, aanp., 
„Xauaxsa a (^ecaiuiuffia*,— 9to 6kuo ero peMecjio) bt> „raMaR2Ra a 
^paBHOM*pHaro 6tryHa u ). TaRHMt ae o6pa30Mi> CyRBoB^r 14 OHinepep- 
eTL 6yRBy «aMHb», BupaiRaiomyio oco6u8 HHCToropTaHHua sByirt, c3Byq- 
imS» h MTHOBeHHtidl, He noxoaift Ha 3aKHe«e6Hoe «r> BOBce; o ^HsioJioriH 
9Toro 3ByRa Jiynine Bcero cm. y Be. MHJuepa: MaTep. pa H3yq. eBp.-TaTCR. 
B3HRa, CTp. XXII; TpaHCRpHOHpoBaTB ^aflHt" nepest „r^— RpattHe cTpaHHO, 
h Bt RaR0MT>-HH6yflb HanepTaHiH ^ Taenia" pjieRO He jerRO ysua-Tb <AHUia> . 
Bee 8to, roBOpHMi, noRa3UBaeTL oneHb Bbipa3HTejibH0, ^to apa6cRitt 
flsuRi r. XoMyTOBy He snaROM^; p h can> oht>, Ha dp. 44-8, npn- 
3Haerca, qit), Hanp., He 3Haen> ToqHaro CMMCja cjioBa «HCJiaMi» h mo- 
aen> cociaTbca tojilro Ha qyaoe oStacHeHie, npo$. XojMoropoBa. 9to 
opaRO He npenaTCTByert eMy aBTopaTeTHHMi tohomt> saaBJiaTb o He- 
toihocth HSBtoHaro HtMeuRaro nepeaoAa KopaHa, cutjiaHHaro YjibMa- 
hobtb (cTp. 94) h npoTRBonocTaBJiHTb eMy «npeBOcxopbiit» pyccRiit nepe- 
BOfl* r. CafiJiyROBa (CTp. 66). IlepeBoirb r. CaSjiyROBa, noaaaytt, 6yR- 
BaaeHb, ho CBoeft MepTBeHHoa 6yRBajibHOCTbio oh^ HanoMUHaerL KjeBa- 



Digitized by 




150 



9TH0n»A*H4KCK0B OB03P*HIE. 



HOBCKie nepeBOnu IjHijepoHa: oco6eHHucTH apa6cKoit $pa3eojiorin r. Ca6- 
jyEOBHUfb He npH3HaK)TC>i, Kawnoe apa6cKoe cjiobo nepeBopTCfl Ha pyc- . 

mft HWOTb SyKBaJIBHO, H n09T0My HtKOTOpHfl $pa3U OblBaiOTL BOBCe 

nenoHATHM ajih Toro qHTaTejifl, KOToptifi He MO»erb opoBpeMeHHO cjifc- 
Pts 3a TeKCTOMi> no apa6cK0My noAJiMHHHRy, a Apyria noHHiraiOTCH co- 

BCfeWb He BT> TOMl CMHCJlt, fil> KftKOMt OHH nOHHMBIOTCfl npHpOflHUMH 

apa6aMH n wh mmwb 6hjbh cxaaaHU MoxaMMeAOMt. Mu He yTBepwjiaeirt 
»iero-JiH6o HOBaro. Eme bt> 1889 roAy, Korp H3jjaBajicfl pyccRitf nepe- 
BOKb KHMra JleTypHo: «9BOJnouia co6cTBeHHOCTH>, pyccKiil nepeBOA^HR'b, 
He apa6Hcn>, xoita npHBOAHTb RopaHCRia nHTara He no <J>paHuy3CR0My 
nepeBOAy, a no Ca6jiyK0BCK0My, ho He Mon> HHnero bt> neM^ ypasyirfcTb 
h 3aMl>THjn> (dp. 222), hto «bt> nepeBOA* r. CaGjiynoBa mm HaxonwMt 
Mtda coBepuieHiio HenoHtoTHua, Kaxe npocTO 6e3CMHCJieHHHH»; pa ao- 
Ra3aTejibCTBa oht> npHBcrb Tam h camt* BWflepjKRH H3i> Ca6jiyR0Ba, co- 
nocTdBjaa hxi ct> npoTHBonojno3?HHM r b no CMMWiy nepeBOAOMt RaaHMip- 
cKaro (aBTopa noJiHaro apa6cRO-<|>paHuy3CRaro cjroBapa). Kt> MCJiy Mtcrb, 
HCKaaeHHUxt y r. Ca6ayR0Ba, othochtch aanoBtA* Moxamiep o boBh* 
ct> neiiycy JiBMatiaiiH , noAaBinaa noBop> r. XoMyroBy npowraTb HOTauiro 
YjibMaHHy u ApyrHMi eBponeficRHMT> apafincTairt. Bt> Kopant (cypa II, 
ct. 186) MoxaMMejp> OMeHb HepycuHCJieHHO aanpemaerb MycyjibMaHain> 
nepBMMH nanaAaTb Ha neBtpHuxx: <CpaaaflTecb na nyra fcoxiera ct 
t*mh, KOTopwe cpasaiOTCH CT> BaMH, ho He Ha^HHaftTe caHH Bpa3RHe6HUX'Ii 
RtllCTBift (ya jh Tei/reny), h6o Eorb He m6wn> «aifc moitqkhh* 
(nocjigHee cjiobo 3Hawrb hjih «BpaaK«e6HiiixT»>, hjih cHecnpaBepHBHXn). 
<Tei>Tejiy»— noB. HaM. 8-M <J>opMH rjiarojitHaro rophh: <tAy»; bt> 1-it 
<j>opMli 9Ton> rjarojn> znwuiTh «6htl Bparoin**; cymecTBHTeabHoe 
«a«OBB>— cBpan»; sHaneHie 8- it <j>opMH, no MOBapHM'b * OapyaafiaAU h 
flaayiapin: <cTaTb Bpa»Ae6ny> h ? OTcioAa, TaR»e: «6htb HecnpaBepHBy*. 
yjif>MaHHi» BnoJiHt pe30HH0 nepeBoprt: cjedoch b e ?i n n e t die Feind- 
seligkeiten nieht*. TaypH, catAya MHtHiio mhohixt. apa6HCT0Bi» u 
nepeBoay YjibMaHHa, roBopHTt: «Xoth HtKOTopM. ceKTH yTBepatpiOTii, 
no KopaHt npeanHcuBaerL BoJfHy HacTynaTejrbHyio npoTHBt HeB*pHHXi, 
mu AOJiasHM OAHaRO npHSHan, ito MyxaMieAi 3anoBtKHBajn> tojikro 
BOflHy o6opoHHTejibHyx)» h UHTHpyert BHUienpHBejeHHoe m*cto 2-B cypw. 
T. XonyTOBi, He 3Haa apa6cKaro H3biRa, roBopHTt bt> upHMtnaHiii, wo 
nepeBOAX YjitMaHHa He ToieHt h UHTHpyen. ci> CBoefl cTopomi nepeBOAt 
CaSjiyROBa: cho He 6yAt>Te HecnpaBepHBU> , — nepeBont Sojrfce RopoTRifl, 
q*MT> y yjUkManna, ho Ha 9T0tl pasi Aaxe He OyRBaJtbHult: CaSjiyROBi 
6epcn> He nepBoe, ho BTopHqHoe 3HaneHie rjarojra, npoTHBopiraamee 
npHTOMt CMHCJiy ROHTeRda. fljra noARptnjienifl CBoefl mhcm, 6yAT0 
MoxaMHeAi npHRa3ajra» MycyjibHaHaifB BecTH HacTynaTejibHyio fiofiHy, r. 
XoiiyTOBi ccbMaeTCfl (He Ha3HBaa Bnponeirb ctpbhriibi) na <o6cToaTejib- 
Hoe H3CJitA0BaHie A H. ArpoHOMOBa: MyxaMMeAancRoe yqeme o boMh* 
ct> HeBtpnuMH. Kaaaub 1877 >. 9to <o6cTOHTejbHoe H3CJttAOBame>,no- 
MtiueHHoe wb XIV Bun. « MHCcioHepcKaro npomueoMycyA,t>MaHCKaeo c6op- 




RPHTHRA H fiUBJlIorPAftlfl . 



151 



iiHKa>, lianncano CTyAeHTOMi Ka3. flyx: Arsr., ROTopNfl ue 3Hajn> hh 
BOcroKa, hh jiHTepaTypu no BOCTORy, hh «a»e apa6cKaro H3HKa (nocjrfcA- 
Haro o6cTOATejibCTBa oht> a ue CRptiBajn*,— cm. Ha3B. com., cip. 155). 
Ho h 9Ton> upHcaxHuit Bpan> Mycyjn>naHCTBa He pfcuiHjicfl npHnncaTt 
MoxaMMeny npjumoco noBejitHM HaqHHan> BoflHy cb HeMycyjibMaHaMH, a 
co3HajicH TOJibRO, mo Bc*fc npeAnHcama* Kopana o BoHirfc ct> HeBtpHMMH 

MOOK'HO HCTOJIROBBTb H ^ByCHiilCJieHHO, T. C Bl CMHCJUt 06fl3aTeJlbH0fl 

nponaraHnu muiaxa (ija3B. coh., cip. 123). Hto mosrho, h% 9tomt> hh- 
kto He coMHtBajrcH: He napoin> ate H^ROTopua MycyjbMaHCRia hirojim 
yiarb bt> TaROMi> CMNCJifc; ho saqtMi, HaBHSNBaTb Ty ate TeHnemuio h 
caMOMy MoxaMMeAy? Dpo$. Ho$aJib bt> CBoefl legislation mnsulmanei 
fSt-Petersb. 1893, p. 400 — 401) saMtoaerb o jiwaaxt,, noAo6HNX f L 
r. ArpoHOMOBy: cH3o6ptTaTeJiH 3HaMeHHTaro xepca, no ROTopoaiy Dpo- 
poRT> roBOpHTb*. <& nojiy4Hjn> npepncaHie cpaxaTbca c/b HeBtpHNMH, 
noRa ohh He npimyrK Moefi B*pM>, 3a6biBaiorL OAHy Bemi>, Bemb o*eHb 
npocTyio h oMeBHpyio, a bmchho— hto MycyjibMaHe npH cBoeMt nouBJie- 
HiH cocraBJiflJiH uunmooicHoe Mcnhwuuemeo, h hto noAo6HNfl piHH bi 
ycTaxi> HOBaro anocTOJia 6mjih 6m CTOJib ate HeyMtcTHN, CROJibRO th- 
6ejbHbi j[M ero co6cTBeHHaro fltaa. Ecjih 6m MoxaMMeAt npoH3Hecx 
hto-jih6o noAo6Hoe, to Ha Hero CMOTptJiH 6n He npocTo RaRi Ha epe- 
ciapxa hjih HOBOBBopTejia peJiHrio3Haro, ho RaRi> Ha on>flBJieHHaro Bpara, 
ROTopufl, chjiok) h HacHjiieMt, noRymaeTCH Ha kh3hb, lecn h HMyme- 
ctbo ocTajibBbiXTj apa6oBT> h ROToparo HaAO 3aAaBHTb bi caMOMi ate 
Hanajrfc. Co ctopohm Beiutaro IIpopoRa noAo6Hoe saafijenie 6mjio 6m 
HacTOABRO ate rjiyno h He6jiaropa3yMHO, HacROJibRo rjiyno h He6jraropa- 
3yMH0 6mjio 6m, ecjiH 6m OAHa H3i> C0BpeMeHHMXi> MycyjibMaHCRHxi Aep - 

ataBl, ROTOpMa, BC* BMtcrfe B3HTMA, HaCHHTMBaiOTL eABa 30 MHJIJliOHOBT> 

MycyjbMaHCRaro HacejieHia, ptniHJiacb 3aaBHTb A^pataBaMt He 'nycyju>- 

HaHCRUMl; HJltlOmHMt HOAl CBOefi BJaCTBK) 60JTfee 120 MMJliOHOB'b iy- 

cyjibHaHi>-coHHHTOBi, hto OHa CHHTaen> CBoeio ooasaHHOCTbH) cpaacaTBCH 
ci> othxh AepataBaMH, nona oh* He npHMyn> HGiaia hah He noAHHHaTca 
MycyjibiaHaMb. Ecjih mm MoateMi> 6mtb yB*peHM, hto HHRoraa hh OAHa 
H30> MycyjibMaHCRHXi AepataBt He pHCRHert 6pocHTb bt> jihuo EBpont 
TaROfi BH30BT>, to tkwb 6ojrfce MoateM'L 6mtb yBtpeHM, mo HHRorAa Be- 
AHRii HpopoR'b, 6MBmiii 6e3R0HenH0 yMHte rtx^, hto hocm^jit* BJioatHTb 
bt> ero ycTa CTOJib rjiynbia h npoTHBOo6mecTBeHHMa cjOBa, He Mori 
AoAth ao Tanott a^P30cth, Ranyio bmhpb ji 6jiecTHiUHMT> o6pasoMi onpo- 
BeprjiH 6m BpeMfl, o6cTOflTejibCTBa h A*HcTBHTejibHOCTb».— y r. XoMy- 
TOBa He B03HHRarorb hoao6hma cooopaatema, noTOMy mo owb bobcb He 

3UaR0MX CT> BOCTOROM1>, XOTfl KHBCTB H Bl TaiUReHTfe. — flo ^FO AO- 

xoahtl ero HeBl>A*Hie, bhaho Tasate H3t BMpaatema HacTp.295: «llpeat- 
Hitt HacmaenuKb TaH(J)a, XaAataAacb*. HepeBOAMHR'L AyMaerb, hto Tan^— 
9to ecTb jiHuo. A TaH$b~-aTo ropoAi»I— Ho BpeMeHaMt r. XoMyTOBi> 
c4HTaen> CBoefl o6H3dHHOCTbH> yRa3MBaTb, hto h Ha pyccROMi h3mr* 
HanewTaHO Koe-qTO no TOMy hjih ApyroMy npeAMeTy. TaRi», oht> nepe- 



Digitized by 




162 



STHOrPAWIHKCKOE OB03PUHIK. 



(lHcjflerb bc£ xaJiKia CTyAenqecKia paooTH, iiOHtmeuuua bi> <Mhcc. 
npoTHBOMyc. c6opuHK^»,H nponycKaert KtflcTBmejibHO cojihauuS TpyAt, 
noMbmeHHhUi Tarn. »e: cOiepRi Surra apa6oBT» bt> snoxy MyxanneAa* 
MauiaHOBa (Biin. XVII, Ka3. 1885). KpoHt Toro oht> He crtciweTca 
(CTp. 154) peKOMeHHOBaTb iHTaTejurat 9Ja6opan> C. YMaima: c(hepRT» 
pa3BHTifl pejiHrio3HO-$HJioco(J)CKOfi mlicjih bt> HCjant*. Dis-moi, qui 
tu hantes,— je te dirai, qui tu es! 

Mu Taut Aoaro o cTaHaB ahb a jhcb Ha khht* Taypn h en pyccRort 
nepeBOA* noTOMy, hto bt> pyccKofl JtHTepaTypfc, cobcAvb 6tAHOfi coih- 

HeHiflNH no BOCTOKOBtAtHiK), HpHXOAHTCfl CHHTaTbCH CO 6CHKUMU flBJe- 

HiflMH bt> 9T0fl oojiacra. 3a mmtukwb xopouiHXi comiHeHift, 6yAert 
HMtTB ycntxi bx pyccKoi! ny6junrfe h khhth raypu, HecMOTpa Aa*e Ha 
ea Aoporyio u*Hy (3 py6 ). HeAaBHO mu bha^jih, RaRi> Aaae oahh*l 
npo^eccopx coSnpajica Bocnojn>30BaTBCfl eio AJifl y^eOHBixi ufc&eii (npaBAa, 
He yHHBepcMTeTCKHXt). Ecjiii Haina peueH3ia npeAOCTepeKerb ^HTaTeJiefi 

OTL H3JIHMHHrO AOBtpifl RT> Ha3BaHH0My COHHHeHilO H 3aCTaBHTb EXT* JH&H 

fa3T>Hcnema mhothxtj HHTepeciiuxx BonpocoBi, 3aTpoHyTtirt nacTOpoH* 
aypn, o6paTHTi>ca rt> ApyrHHi>, yan> cojihahhht> TpyAani, Hanp., k'b 
HeAaBHO H3AaHHofi «HdopiH HCJana* Miojuiepa, to mu 6yAenx cHHTan* 



HejiOBtnecKin pacu. HapoAU A^phkm. Coctn. nbdb ped. I\ 
Uenamopocb (cTp. 187 in 16°. OAecca. 1895. 06meAOCTynHaa 6a6jii0Te- 
na. Cepia H.—^ejiOBtirL).— H3AaTejib h peAaKTopx rhhmh, 3arjiaBie 
KOTopoft Hu BHracajiH,— r. HeRaTopocB, 3aAajica itfuuio <Aan> iHTaTejuo 

CI CpeAHHMt 06pa30BaHieMT> B03H0JKH0CTb COCTaBHTB 3a He60JlbffliH Aem>- 

fh 6HOJiioTeRy no Bctan» OTpacaairb 3Hama», upmewb cepia 2-aa no- 
cBamena HsyqeHiro qeaoBtKa. Bt> nee, Rpont Ha3BauHOfl rhhth , mrfuorB 
boAth onHcaHie HapoAOBi A3W, AHepHRH, ABCTpajiiH, h EBponti, Aa**e 
ota^jih: cnepBoStiTiiHit qejioBfcRi* , <aHaToaiia h (Jmaiojioria nejiOBtRa h 
np> . Kt> hhcjih HSAaTejia Hejn>3H He othccthcb ct> nojiHUHL coiyBCTBieni, 
fkwb 6ojrbe, hto HeAOCTaTORt KHnrt Ha pyccsoMt mmt, flaioiitfiX'L 
nonyjiapHbia CBtA^Hia o 6urfe pa3JiHHHbixi njieneffb h napoAOBi>, j&&rb 
ce6a nyBCTBOBaTb y»e AaBHO. EcTecTBeHHO TaRse, hto rt» H3AaHiD, 
noAo6HOMy c6H6jiioTeK'b> r. HeRaTopoci, hu ne MOxeMi> npeA^flBjarb 
rtxi-ae Tpe6oBaHiti, RaRi rt> caMOCToaTeatHOMy TpyAy: cocTaBHTeib vb 
8thxi> cjiyqaaxi HBaaeTca Auuib ROMnHJWTopoMt, h HaxoAHTca BirfecHofl 

3aBHCHM0CTH OTb H36paHHHXX HMT> HCT0«IHR0Bi; CJI'&AOBaTejrbHO, HdH- 

6ojibniee BHHHaHie aojixho Olitb HanpaMeno Ha Bti6opi> btrxi nocjrbA- 

HHXT», TdRl RaRt OTb HeiO 3aBHCHTb H ffOCTOHHCTBO RHHTH. «UpeAJa- 

raenaa BHHMaHiio iHTaTeja RHHra cHejiOBtqecRin pacbi>, iHTaeifb hu 
B'b npeAHCJiOBiH, cocTaMeHa no co4RHeHiflHi> SCnpapAa A6-Piajw, d. 
BpaHATa, 9. PeiUH), T. M. Ctchjih, 9. DeTpn, A. XosejiaRa h Ap. 
Hu He 3HaeHi>, rto pa3ynteTca noAt HeonpeAlueHHUHi <u dp.> , ho 

HeCOHHfeHHO, 4T0 eCJH-6bI COCTaBHTeJUO RHHTH 6UAH H8BtCTHU HOBtfiUliH 



CBOH) UtJIb AOCTMTHyTOfl. 



A. KpwMcniu. 




KPUTHHA H BHBJIOrPAWH. 



163 



HacAtAOBauiH o HOHCTopOTecKOMt ^ejiOBtK'fe, owb epajiH ciRTajrb 6u, 
hto ccymecTBQBaHie OTeGaHHuxt Raraefi bt> TpeTHHnyio anoxy hbocuo- 
Phmo 6ojte> , ci> Mem>inHMi> flOBipieMT> othocmca 6h ri> cymecTBOBaHiio 
aHTponorarreKa h rt> uonurRairb onpefffeJiHTb ^ussraecRiM thitl o6nTaTe- 
Jiefi san. EBponu bi AHJioBiajibHHit nepk>Ai>. IIor66huxi oihh6ori> 
moikbo 6hjio-6u yRasaTb bi SojiBuieMt ROMHecTBt, hto r sacTaBJiaerrB 

XeiaTb, HT06bI fit HarfeKHOHX'b nOXBHTBCfl BT> CBtTB ApyrHXT> KUflSRaXb 

dToro H3AaHia hctohhhkh 6bwh-6u BtJOHpaeMti cl 6djibmefi TmaTeab- 
hoctbh); Hsy^eHie MeMeH'b, HacejraoiqHxt ABCTpajiin, AiepaRy, A3iio 
enje flaaeRO orb cBoero ORuHHama: RanAUfi ro^t napMTL nayR*fc paAi 
UtHHUit MOHorpa^iit — pesyjTKra'rb TpyAOBi H3CjrfcAOBaTejieii h nyTe- 

ffleCTBeHHHROBt. &TH TpyAU BHOCHTb 3aWCTyH> HOBHf* CBtrb B"b H8IUH 

B3i\iapi Ha totb RjiH Apyroit HayHHHfl BonpocB, Ha RyjBTypy njneMemi 
h aacTaBjunorb hsh^hhtb npesA^ cymecTBOBaBinia mh*hw. CociaBJieHie 
ROMnHJiHTHBHaro TpyAa Ha ocHOBamH MHoroqRCJieHHbix'b hctohhrrobt, 
npeACTaBHTB bh* coMHtHifl 6oAbnie TpyAHOcra, ho TaRoff TpyAi> npHHecerb 
3Ha?HTeju>H0 6ojiBHie noj«>3H, bt» ocodemocTH hsr ^HTaTejieM «cb cpeA- 
hhmT) o6pa30BaHiein»i , ROTopue o6hkhob6hho He MoryrL npOBtpHTb 
npeAJiaraeime bt> RHHrfc (J>aRTu h noJioaeHia. EyAeirb HaA'fcaTbca, hto 
AaJibHtMuiie BbinycRH HsfrferHyrb hbaoctbtrobI), BRpaBimixca Bb nepBuft 
TOMHRTb, h cocTaBarb A*McTBHTejibHO o6meAOCTynnyio 6H6jiioTeRy no 

3TH0rpa<t)iH,' eAHHCTBBHHUM'b HBAOCTaTROHl ROTOpOfl OCTaJOCb 6bl OTCyT- 

CTBie pHcyHROBi, noMtmeHia ROTopuxi. npn AemeBofi (25 r.) ivfeHi Ha 
BunycRi Heiibsa h Tpe6oBaTb otl R3AaTejifl. # % 

M. HosajieBCKift: 0<tepti> npoMcxo«AeHifl n pasBHTiR ceMbM n 
cetfoTBeHHOCTN, nep. M. Ioawuho, (CHE. 1895, dp. 149, 8°). 

Kapjii KayTCKift: Bo3HHKHOB6Hie 6pana m ceMbM (CIIB. 1895, 
dp. 120, 8°).— Ob yAOBOJibCTBieirb OTMtnaeirb ooorameHie 3inorpa(j>H4e- 
cjcofi AHTepaTypu Ha pyccROMi> hsur1> HaaBaHHUMH AByita nepeBOAHUMH Tpy- 
ABMH. Oahhi hsi hhxt> npHHaAAexHTb nepy Hauiero 3HBM6HRTaro yneHaro 
M. M. KosajieBCRaro h npeAcraBJuerb nepeBOAi> JieRi^ifl, qHTaHHHX'b hmx 

BT> CTORrOJIbMCROM'b yHHBepCRTerfe. XOTfl BTH J16RLUH Ha ^paHqyBCROBfb 

a3HRt 6ujh HaneqaTauu eme bt> 1890 r.— bi» pyccROMi nepeBOA^ oh* 
noflBJiaiOTCfl jwuib naTb itrb cnycTfl. UejibSB He nojRaJitob, vro HHTe- 
pecHHft TpyAi> M. H. KoBajieBCRaro, HMtiomaro abbho rpoMRyio H3B , bcT- 
HOCTb h rbri> RCTopRRi nepBo6uTHaix) npaBa, CA'fcJiajicfl He paabuie 
AOCTynHbWb pyccRHMi* qnTaTeiRMi: mapoTa B3rjiaAOB , b, TajiaHTJiHBoe 
conocTaBJieHie h ocBtmeme ^aRTOBi* BcerAa BBJiajiHCb OTJunHTejbHbiMH 
nepTanH ero TpyAOBi, BCJitACTBie iero SHa^enie hxi AJia pyccRHXi ir- 
TaTejefi, HMtiomRxi* bt> paenopaxeHiH MHib RpaflHe orpaHHHeirayio 
jRTepaTypy no OAHOMy m3t> HaH6oa*e HHTepecHHX'b BonpocoBi 9THorpa- 
6mjio rpoMaAHo; bto 3HaqeHie ycajiHBaeTCfl r rfeMi, hto aBTopi 
npHBjieRaerb Ha paAy AaHHUMH, no^epnaeMMMH h3t> HHOCTpaHHUxi 
HCTO^HiiROB r b, h (jmKTH, AOCTaBjuieMue pyccKOR axuorpa^uHecROft mit- 



Digitized by 




154 



9TH0rPA*H4KCKOK OfiOSPfcHIK. 



paiypofl, ocBtmaen> hxi m Tarani oSpaaoro AORasiiBaerb, crojmto 
HHTepecHuxT> h BaxHUXi uayHHOirB OTHomeBin Ha6ja>AeHiH Moserb 
AOCTaBHTt HayKt aTHorpa^HiecRoe myimie Poccia. 

K. KayTcxifl, cpaBja, He npHHapeann» n nepBO CTenemnbun yie- 

HbUfb, HanpaBJWIOmHM'L CBOH CHJfH Ha HSyieHie HCTOpiH paSBHTifl 

6paxa h ceMbH; ho oht> BHCKa3HBaen> MHoro HHTcpecHwxi> h opari- 

HaJIbHMX'b B3rJIflSOBl> HO Ha3BaHHHM'B BOnpOCaHT>, H yse 8T0 OflHO BnOJflt 

onpaBflbiBajio 6m noaBJieHie HasBaHHoit pa60TH ero bi pyccRon nepe- 
BOAt. Ho u homhmo dToro uu aoixhbi 6wjh oh oTHecTHCB ci 6jaro~ 
AapHOCTbK) kti nepeBOAHHRy aa npHHHTHff hmi> Ha ce6a Tpyjrb: Hama 
OTenecTBeHHafl jmepaTypa pyROBOjjfliuiiXT> coiraeHifi no 9THorpa$ia xpattee 
6tflna, a pa6oTH Ha HHOCTpaHHMXi> H3B1roxi> Majio eme AOCTynHu. Mexjy 
TtMi> bt, cTpaHt, npeACTaBJBBiomeit ctojsl SoraTyio noqBy pa BTHorpaijme- 
crhxt> Hacji'&AOBaHifl, RaRi> Poccifl, dTOTB HeAOCTaTORT> qyBCTByeica ci> oco- 
6eHHoH chjioH. Ecjih BcnoMHHTb, KaKoe BaxHoe 3HaqeHie hmIuh bt> A^jrb 
pa3BHTia y Hact HHTepeca kt> araorpa^in nepeBOAU TpyAOBt Taiteopa, 
Cnencepa, JIe66oKa h ap,' He Moaen> ocTaBaTbca coMHtnia bt» ivfeje- 
coo6pa3HOCTH H3AaHia nepeBOAOBT> coHHRemfi h Apyraxi MHorouicjieHHUXi 
hho( TpaHHUXi aiHorpa^oB^, h nepeBOAWRH, AtJiaionqe hxt> AOCTynniiMV 
pyccKHM'H ■MTaTejiflM'B, npHHOCHTT> 6oju>myio nojibay HameMy OTeqecTBOB*- 

A*HilO, TaRT» K3KT> TOJIbRO 3HaR0MCTB© C*b 06QHJIH BOHpOCaMH AaeTt B03MOX • 

HocTb OTHecTHCb coBnaiejibHO Kb co6Hpamio cuporo MaTepiaia. PaaBvrie 
xe co3HaTeju>naro OTHOineHia rt> oxeqecTBOB*A*Hiio sHaieHyerb co6ofl 
h nporpeccb yMCTBeHHaro pasBHTia ofiiuecTBa. jj % 

A. M. E oa yam, Ae-HypieHa: MaTepiajiu a** lomNo-cmflNCKoil 
Aia/ieKTO^orin n STHorpa^iw. Cn6. 1895 r. 8°. XLVII-f 708. 1^. 6 p. 

Hpo(j). A. H. BoAyaHii Ae-KypTeH9 nocBHTHjrb yxe u$ms*& paA* pa- 
Sorb H3CjrfcflOBaHiio H3UKa h 6uTa Pe3bHHT», HeSojibuiofl Ry^KH nro-cju- 
BflHi> (cjioBeHCKofi ceMbH), saTepaBHiaxca nazGRO m 3anaA* cpeAH ffrajibHH- 
GRaro HacejieHin, bt> ctBepHOft HTaaiH, nocieneHHO Hcqe3aK>mHXT> nop» 
BJiiflHieMi HTajibHHCRaro, qacTbio HtMeuRaro Hacejiema. Eme b% 1875 r. 
(JleflnuHrb) hmt> H3Aam> Chmmi (fionemunu Pc3bnHCKuxb eoeopo&h c% 
npHJOxemeMi PabHucKaco mmexuauca (cm. 19 IIpHcy»A. y^p. npeMiM 
1878, c/rp. 3, 397-420), bi 1876 r. hmt, HSAam »THorpa<()Hq. oieprb 
Pc3hx u Pe3bHHc (CjiaB. c6opH., CTp. 223—371; cm. TaRxe 19 Opac. 
Yb. np., cip. 412—420); 3a hhmh ca*AOBajH rAonimoAoeunecuiH 3a~ 
mmhku, nocBflmeHHbia pa36opy nuo3eHHaro Miama Ha pe3bflHCRie ro- 
Bopu. Tenepb hmt> H3Aain>, cb RpaTRHMi BBeAemeai Ha Hluieipoa'b 
aaiiKt, cOodhuki. MaTepiajiOB-b no aioay rosopy, co6paHHM8 hmt* bi 
1872, 1875 n 1878 rr., ct> npHjioxemeMi HantBOB'b peabHHCRHXi nt- ' 
cem>, Horb, 3anHcaHuuxi> r-xefl Sjijih (|)OH^-IlIyjibu , b-AAaeBCKofi*j. Bet 

*) Ta-xe r-xa IIIyjbiii.-Aj(aeBCRaH co6pa.Ta mothbh ki> titjopyccKHrc h doje- 
clam flicHau-b b* GoKOucaoM-fc yt3A*, FpoAHeucaoi ry6 , Teaciu aoTopuxi 3aaa- 



Digitized by 



KPHTHKA H BHBJlIOrPA<MH . 



155 



MaiepiajiH cna6*eiiH noACTpo*!HHin> utiieuRHMi nepeBOAOMt, pasAtJieHM 
Ha rpyirau no coAepsaniio h no m*cthocthm'b. UpeoOjiapiomaa Macca 
MaTepiajia— paaroBopw: otaIubhub <j>pa3H, otaIuibbkih cjiOBa. Pa3CRa3H, 
CK83KH, jiercBflH, 3araARH — Bci no^TH h3b%ctbu y*e no-pyccKH h3t> 
ynoMAHyToB cTaTta <Pe3ba h Pe3bflHe>. Hoboctb cocTaBJiaron* MaiepiajiH 
1878 rofla, nonpaBRH ex hhmx Ha ocHOBaHi£ nyiemecTBift EoAyaHa Ae- 
KypieHB 1890—93 rr.,a 3arfeMT> MaiepiajiH, coOpaHHHe r- »efl Ulyjifcurb- 
AflaeBCKOfi (ck33kh, npeHHym. nfccHH, cHa6seHU qaaBK) majiBflHCRiiM'B 
uepeBOflOMt). Bb kohu'6 (VI nacTs) nepene^aTaHt pe3BflHCRifi RaTexH- 
3HCt h npHjioaeHhi ynoMflHyTHa hoth. TaKunx o6pa30MB bt> AaHHOMT* tom* 
B. fle-KypTeH3 cbcjtb bt» oaho Beet Maiepiajrc,, ao caxt nbpT, eo6paiiHHlt 
no B3URy h jiHiepaxypfc Pe3Bwn>. 3auHCH cAkaaHH HeoStiKHOBeHHO ma- 
TejLHO, ci ivfcjubiMT> pBAOi r L npHcnoco6jieH]ii o6tiHHaro mpHtjna ro bc*mt> 

TOHROCTflMT> p63BflHCRarO rOBOpa. jyr (J n% 

Ape. Map KB bum v. Taurica. Ontamz ynaaamejin eo^mueuiii, kocuw- 
v4uxch KpuMa u TaepunecKou ey6. (CHM<j>eponoJB. 1894 r. 8° dp. 
394).— DojiL3a yRa3aiejiefi, noAo6HHXi> BHmeHasBdHHOMy , cjihihromt* oie- 
BHAHa, ito6h o Hefl pacnpocTpaHBTtca: RpoMt ofijienieHia np« 3aHHTiflXTb 

HBB'feCTHOfi 06jiaCTfcK), B03M03KH0CTH OpieHTHpOBaTBCfl BT> MHOrOHHCJieHHHX'B 

coHHHemBX'B, cTaTbaxt h sawfeTRaxt, 6H6jriorpa<j>H<iecRie yRa3aT<?JiH Aaron* 

B03M02RHOCTB yHCHHTB, 1TO CA^MHO AM H3y*eHifl AaHHfrfl 06*aCTH, H MTO 

eme ocTaeTca CAtJraTB.EcjiH pascMaTpHBarb ci» 9To8 toirh 3p*Hia btho- 
rpa$HHecRyio jurrepaiypy o KpHMt, no yRaaaieJiio r. MapReBiraa (ota. II 
h AonojweHifl ro 11-ny ota.\ Hejrbdfl ho oSpanrrB BHHMaHia Ha cpaBHH- 
TejubHyio efl 6*ahoctb; ocTaBHBi> m> dopoHt cBtA*Hifl, AonieAniia ao 
nacB o(fc> o6HTaTejiffX'B Kpuia otb nponurax'B b^rob-b, mh HaflAeni> 
jurnifc He3HaiHTejLHoe ROJiiraecTBO cowmemii, nocBamcHHHxi, onHcaniro 
coBpeneHHHXL oCmaeB'B h o6phaobi> pa3HOxapaRTepHaro HacejieHia nojiy- 
ocTpoBa; He6e3T>HHTepeceHii <j>aRrB, wo kojihhcctbo BTHorpa^HqecRHXi 
pa6ort no RpuMy 3Hawre.n>H0 ynajio sa nocjitAHia nojuopa AecflTHJi*- 
tin, cpaBHHTejiBHo ci> nepiojoiTb, RorAa KpHMi 6hji^ MeHte AOdyneHi, 
SjiaroAapfl OTcyTCTBiio sea. AoporH, h He 6hjii> eiue easeroAHo HaBOA- 
HaeMT> Tucaiaara noctTHTejieft. 

06pamaflCb Rii HcnojiHeHiio r. MapReBH ( ]eMi cBoeii saAaw, mli aojikhh 
oroBopHTj>ca, hto cocTaBjeHie yRasaiejieit upeACTaBJiBen* BcerAa Ha- 
ctojuro 3HawrejibHMa TpyAx, hto HtROTopue npo6f>JH h HeAOCTaTRn 
He aojishbi fibJTB craBHMH bt> BHHy aBTopy. HecoMH*«HO, no HeAOCHOTpy 

m> HHCJIO RpMMCRHXT> TaTapi aBTOpi BRjnOHHJlT) H RaHHHCRHXt TaTap^ 

(co 1 !. rh. KodpoBa); Bt HtROTopuxi cjiyHaaxt AonymeHH onenaTRH 

RaRT> B^ (j)dHHJliHXl> aBTOpOBl HJIH I!3AaTeJiefl, TaRT> H B'L yRa38HiH CTpa- 

cann Tasxe r. BoiyaHOMx-xe-KypTeHa. 3tot* Marepiaii BaaciaTaHi ueAaBHO bt. 
KpasoRCKOMi aiaxeMH^. H3AaeiH: „Zbior wiadomosci do antropologii Krajowej", 
t. XVI (ctp. 219—233), Ao6a»>ieme h nonpaBKH cm. m> t. XVIII (crp. 225—231). 



Fed. 



Digitized by 




156 



8T]10rPA«H'lKCK0K 0E03P4HLB. 



iinub h t. n. Ho Bee 9to He JiMinaerb pa6oTy r. MapReBHia cepteaHaro 
3iia4enia, ROTopoe 0Ha HMtert, Tan* nam. npeACTaBJaen* eAHHCTBeimii 
no cfioeft ofiuiHpHocTH h nojiHort 6a6j!iorpa(|)HHecKiM yRasaicib no pas- 

HJbWb 06jiaCTaMl> RpblMOBtAtHifl. j£ 

T. E. rpyMi-rpHCMHaitao: OnncaHie AiypcKoB offjiacro, nodb 
pad. n. IT. CeMenoea (cTp. Y-+-639, 8*, cb RapTofl. Cn6. 1894). 
Tpyjvi>, sarjiaBie ROToparo mm BunHcajin, HMtert utjbio cBecTH Boensrno 
HftrfcioiuificH Maiepiajn> no iwyqeHtH) o6jacTH bt> OTHOineHiaxT> reorpa<j>H- 
HecR0in>, BTHorpa^mecROM'B h ^ROHOM^raecROM^. cllpn pa3pa6oTRt npeBao- 
meainHXt bc* naniH OMAaHia cbohmx 6oraTCTBOMT> n pa3HOo6pa3ieMt 
MaTepiajiOB^, T. E. rpyMi-TpKHMafljio, corjaciio mohmt* yRaaamaMX, 
muiien* II. n. CeMenoB^, HacroifanBO npHflepxuBaJicH npaBiua, ycBoeH- 
naro miiok) orb He3a6BeHHaro Moero yiHTeJia, Kapjia PHrrepa — pa3pa- 
6aTUBaTi> Bc/b uocTynHue aBTopy MaTepiaJiu ncnepnuBaiomuirL o6pa30M'b, 
ue BuxBaTHBaa tojibro HtKOToptie hst* hhxt. ua BHAep**y, a na 060- 
pon>, He nponycRaa hh oporo h3t> noRa3aHifi o6t> H3CjrfeAyeMofi cipaHt, 
h conocTaBJiaa hxt> MexAy 00608, npHXOAHTb rt> BHBOAaMi He HHaqe, 
RaRi no TiuaTejibHott, cpaBHHTejbHoB h RpnTHiecRoS hxt» outHirfc*. Ta- 
Roe noABeAeuie HToroBi RpaflHe Baamo Me»AJ npouHMi h uoTOMy, yto 
tojibko TaKHMt nyTeMi> AaercH ndjiHaa B03MoatHOCTb cyARTt, wo ocTaeTca 
eme CAtJiaTb hm nojiHaro M3yHema H3BtCTH0fi o6jiacni. Ilwbn B'b bhay 
OTAajieiiHOCTb AitypcRofi ofaacTH otx i^htpobt* npocBf»meHia, TpyAHOCTH, 
vh ROTopuHH conpaateHO HsyneHie ea Aaae m*cthmitb yieHbon* eMail, 
KOJinqecTBo co6paHHaro MaTepiajia 0Ka3UKaeTca oqem> GoraTbnrb, ho sto 

SoraTCTBO, ROHe^HO, JHfflb OTHOCHTeJIbHOe, Kb OCOSeHHOCTH HaCROJILRO 

8to RacaeTca HayieHia 6brra pa3HOxapaRTepHaro no CBoeMy cociaBy h 
RyjibTypHOMy ypoBHio HacejieHia ofijiacra. 

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nacejieme Am. o6ji.>; cPyccRoe Hacejeme, pacnpeAtiieHie ero no Hace- 
jieiiHUH'b MtcTaart oGjiacTH h BROHOHH^ecRoe noaoaeHie nocjitAHHXT* ; 
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MbiuiJieHHOCTb pyccR. HaceJieHiH,ToproBbie nyTH h ToproBJifl>). 8th raaBH, 
npeAdaBJiaa npeRpacnyio RapTRHy hbiuhxtj cB*A*Hifl 0 HacejieHia o6jacTH, 
cjiyaarb BMtcT* ct> t*mi. h AORasaTejibCTBOMi, RaRoe o6nrapHoe n^ie 
ocTaeTca eme ueM3CJitAOBaHHbiBn» bt> BTHorpa^n^ecROirb oTHomeHiH, iain> 
MHoro mowho eme OKHAaTb, ecjiH TpyAH m , 6cthhx , b HayiHUxi* chjtb 6y- 
jiyrb HaiipaBJieuM Ha noApo6noe 03iiaROMJieHie co bc^hh cTopoHdMH 6ura 
liaceJieHia oSaacTH. 

Bb yKasaHHOMTi TpyA* mm o6pamaeMT> BHiiMame, kskt* Ha ocoSerao 
OTpaAHbiii $aKrb, hto cociaBHTeJiif yA*JiHJiH ne Majo M*eTa h H3yqeHiio 
pyccRaro Hacejema: bt, MtcTHOCTflXT>, iiacejieniibixx HHopoAnaMH, noA- 
BepraiomiiMHca BJiianiio cbohxi cocfeAeB h noA^ bthmi BJiiaHieMi* yTpaw- 
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npeHMymecTBeHHO Ha H3y«ieHie 6uia hxt>, TaRt Rain, oifl flaert mwh 
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3B0JweTB b6jih3H HaSjiiOAaTb CTafliH pa3BH*ria, on> noxopHxi AaJieRO yiujiH 
6oji*e i^HBHjiH30BaHBU6 HapoAH. Ho He MeH*e Hmepeca kojkho npe«- 
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BOBue Bsrjiflflw, j^me na pejmriosHHn upcacTaBJieHifl. M3yqeiiie 9thxt> 

H3MtHeHitt H yCJIOBlft, HXT> peryJZHpyiOIUHX'b, COCTaBHTT>, BH* COMHtHifl, 

bhahuM BKJiaA'b bt> HayRy CocTaBHTejiB niaBt, RacaioiUHxcu pyccRaro 
Hacejienifl AMypCROit ofaacrH, II. A. CeMeHOBt, 6hjtc> bub y assent orpa- 
HHMHTkCfl npeHMymecTBeHHO BROHOMHqecRHMi, 6hxomt>: 6hjo-6h HsejidTejih- 
HMMTb,qTo6HAaJii>HtSmiH H3wrfcA0Bairifl, Ha pa Ay ct> H3y^enieMi, HHopoAijcBi* , 
He ocTBBJiflJBfH Bi, cxopoHfc h pyccRoe Hacejienie, <rfcMt ohh ORaasyTi cy 
niecTBeHHyio ycjiyry HameMy OTeieeTBOB*A*Hiio. jj % 

flpoTOROiiu TpoHi^KOcaBCKO- KaxTNHCKaro OTAtjieHia npHavypcKaro 
OTAtjia Hun. Pyccx. reorpa<JWHecnaro OfimecTBa. 

OffjHBJienie nayuiaro H3CJitA0BaHifl Ch6hph rojukho 6wti> npHBix- 
CTByeMO ct> rfcMT> 6ojllihhmt> 0CH0BanieMi>, qxo Kant hu oSiiinpHa 
nauia Jinxepaxypa o ChOhph ho BonpocaMT> arHorpa<j)iH, apxeojiorw, 
amponojioriH h reorpa(J)iH, CiiOupt Bee eme npoAOJUKaext ocxaBaxLca 
dpaHofi HeH3cjitAOBaiiHofi, fa* yneiiHfl * nocToaHHO HaTaJiRHBaexca na 
HOBbie (j)aKTti, H3y4enie n ocBtmeirie Roxopaxx aojukho, B3axoe bi> 
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h, npouiJiOMt Gbixt iiacejieHia A3iaxcR0ii Pocciw. TpoanROcaBCRO- Kax- 
TMHCRoe OTAtJienie UpHaMypcKaro OxAtja B. P. T v 0. OTKpwJio cboh 
AtficTBia HeAaBHO, HO^uaroAapa jcpyuy jihivl, paOoxaiomHX'B aHepmmio 
h npeAaHHtix'L iiay^HMMt H3CJii>A0BaHiflMi>, oho ycntJio 3apeR0MenA0Baxi> 
ce6n p«aomx HHxepecnHXT> xpyAOB'B h 9xhmt> 3aBoeBan> ce61> Bapoe 
uojioiKeme cpeAH yieHtixt o6mecxB7>, nocBHmaiomHxi cboh ciubi pa3- 
pa6oTRt m4cthmxt> BonpocoBt 3THorpa«J>iH, apxeojioria h anxponoJioriH. 
H3AaHUbie npoTOKOJUJ 3aci>Aaniii OTA^enia cjiysart jiynujHMx A0Ra3a- 
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vh KaKoK 3Hepriefl ohh cipeMHTca kt, AOdHxeHiio aaMtqeHHOfi ufrm 
H3CJitA0BaHiH Rpafl. TaRi, nanp., Wb upoxOHOJit saahdanin 2H uonOpsi 
1894 e. noMtmeHM HHxepecHue AOKJiaABi: A. II. Mocmuua: 06% apxeoAO- 
rnqecRHXT, HaxoARaxi bt> ORpecxHOCTflxt cjioGoah ycTt-Kaxxti, 10. fl. 
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pecTHOCTflxt cjio6oau ycTt-KflXTU, h # A. KAeMmw; BaMtoa 0 
Xanrat. A. U. Mocmum H3CJitA0Baji f i> bi GiiHBailiHHXt OKpecTHOCxaxx 

CJIOCOAM YCTB-KflXXH HtCROJlbRO CTOflHORT., AaBHIHXT> 3Ha4HX6JIBH0e RO- 

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158 



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6oraTofi apxeoJiorHqecRHM-b MaTtpiajioMi ORaaiflJiacb CTOAHKa Ha p. Cast, 
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naro Bta (naKOHeMHHRn cTp*jn>, cKpeOKH ) , npnneMX HafiAeHHbie HyRJie- 
ycti ct» MejiKHMM 6e3$opMeiiHfciMH ocKOJiKaMH ciyxarb A0Ka3aTejn>cTB0Mi», 
mo npoH3BOACTBO KaMCHHbix r j» opyAifi coBepiuaiocb Ha irfccrfc; He MeHte 
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bt> cioaHK-fe. HafiaeHHbie H3CjitAOBaTeJieMx MtAHHe npeAMera npeflCTaBJHJiM 
pa3jiH4iioif (])opMbi HaiiOHeHHMKH CTp'Lux h hojkh; HaKOHeu'h 6wl naa- 
Aem* KOTejii t. Ha3. «CKnecKaro TMna>. SKejrfc3Hbia Bemm no apcbhoctb 
r. Mocthux OTHOciirB Kb 2—3 BtnaMX ao Hauiero speaeHH. ToBopH o 
CTptJiRaxt, AoOMTUxt apxeojiomqecKHMH H3UCKaHiaMH, aBTop'b aokjisaa 
nonyTHO coo6maen» cyeB-fepHHa npeAdaBJieHia 6yparb h MtcTHHXi pyc- 

CRHX'b, COeAHHHeMUfl CT> HaXOAHMHMH CJiyHafiHO APeBHHMH CTp'LttKaMH . 

HaflAeiiHwa npn 9thxt> pacRonKaxi> HeJOBtqecRia kocth cocTaBHjiH npeA- 
Mert AORJiaAa .iO. fl. TaAbKo-rpbinuemiHa, pa3CMOTptBiuaro hxt> ct> 
aiiTponojioniHecROfl toikh 3p"feHifl h AaBinaro HWb Hay<moe ocstmeme. 
UoAoOHoe napaMejibHoe M3yqenie cjitAOBi* qeaoB'feRa ci> apxeojoiwcKOii 
h aHTponojiorHqecRoa TOseKt sptnia sacjiyjRHBaerL Tbwh 6oJii>uiaro co 
HyBCTBia, «no rt> coffiajrfcHiio ao nocjrfcAnaro BpeMeHH cjiywrcfl BecbMa 
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uiaJiHCTOB'b. AiiTponojioriH nocBameirb h Apyrofl pe^eparb e. Tcubno- 
rpbiHWMHa: Cjiyvalt BpowAeHHOfl A^^opMauiH qepena, qHTaHHHfl bt» 
saeibdaHin 22?o (fieepcux 1895 z,\ aBTop'b OTMtTHJTb H HayqHO OCBli- 
thjit> cjiyqaB cRatyoue^aJHiqectfoM A^^opMauiH qepena. flpyroe coo6meHie, 
qHTaHHoe bt> TOM^-we sar/feAaain, npHHapejKHTb V. M. Ocommy. Maie- 
piajiu AJifl 9THorpa(j)iH 3anaAnaro 3a6aftRajibH. Abtopt> AORJiaAa npoa3BO- 
Ahjtb cboh BTHorpa^nqecKifl HafijiiOAeHia bt> pafloii'fc p. CeieHrn orb 
cejieHia ycTb-KaxTH ao EaflRajia, npHTORa ea Mhroh h norpaHHqHoS ct» 
MoHroJiiefi iiojiocu orb HayuiHHCRaro Kapayja ao IIIaparojibCKaro; bt» 
nosiflHyTOM^ AORJiaA'b r. Ocokhh^ coo6maerb np^ania, CRa3KH, noBtpiH, 
npHMtTH h np. cpeAH pyccRaro Hacejieiria Ha3BaHuofi MtdHOCTH (Dpe- 
Aama: RaRi, Mope BafiRajib cAtiiajiocb, o ABy»wJibHHXT> jhoaaxt*, o ne- 
niept cb sojiotmmtj BKJiaAOMT>, YcTHiibUHa Mornjia, o 3e^enoMi> raAt; 
AB* CR83RH; noBtpia h npHMtra npw poatACHiH, 6paRt, CMepTH h noxo- 
poHaxi h np.; cBtA*Hia o BopoajS'fc, rojiaobctb* h 3HaxapcTBt y pyc- 
ckhxtj h Oyparb). Bt» BHAy Toro, wo b^ pafloH* HacjitAOBaHil r. 
OcoRHHa npoHcxoAHTb cHJibHoe BsaHMOAtticTBie pyccRHX^ h 6yparb, 
cB*A*Hifl, coo6maeMHH aBTopoi'b, nojiyqaiOTL oco6eHHbrtt HHTepect, BCJitA- 
dBie wo Hejib3fl ne noaejiaTb aBTopy nojiHaro ycntxa b% npoAOJiae- 

H1H erO HJIOAOTBOpHUXl H3CJltA0BaHifl. j£ jr 

B. B a c n ji be b reorpa^'m TatfeTa, nepee. mi muoemcKaao cohuhc- 
nix MuubHoicyAh Xymynmu (CUB. 1895. 8°, dp. 95). creorpa^ia 
TH6eTa» aBJiaeica Hacibio Bceo6meH reorpa^ia, codaBJieHHoil 6ubuihmi 




HPHTHKA H BHBJIOrPAWS. 



159 



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ony6jiHROBajrb jranib Ty nacTb, rflt aBiop* roBoparb y»e ovb ce6a o 
TH6erfc h no CBtA*Hiflin>, co6paHHmn> He ort eBponeflueB'b, — o6t> 
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noApo6HO ocTdHaBJHBaTca Ha CBHTHHflxi Tn6eTa, nepemicjiflerL h onn- 
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bi HHxt, OTMtiaen ROJunecTBO AyxoBHUXT> jnmi>, m1>cto Ha x osAeHi e 
pa3JH4Hiiixx uikojtl h np. BcjitflCTBie BToro Tpy«i M.-XyiyKTH Momert 
6uTb Ha3BaHHUMi> <nyTeBopTejieMT> no cbatumx Mtoairb Ti6eTa> h 
naifb TdKOBuH Aaerb MHoro HHTepecHuxi CBtA^Hifl ajih 9THorpa<juH, 
t4mi> 6ojLte, mo uonyrao coo6maH)Tca h jrerenAH Q npoHcxoKAeHM 
Toro hjih HHoro Mtda noMOHenia. Kt coxajrfcHiK) o cbatbihaxI) Xjlhccu 
aBTopx roBOpHTb cpaBHHTejikHO KpaTKO, ccwjaacfc Ha <^JnacciflcRiJt 
Kaiaaon,, cocxaBJieHHua ^ceBtAymaMt H»aM-aHi> FaBiit UIefiHbeH 1 oin>>. 
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Ha Mtcrt, rRt oht> poAiiJica, ctohtb BeJiHRifl MOBacTiipb Fyn6yMi>, Bt 
KOTopoMi ecn> AepeBo frfejaro caHAaaa, o ROTopoMx roBopari, hto oho 

BHpOCJO H3T> SpOBH, TeRHieii HpH pOXAeHUf U^OHXaBH, H TaKT> RBRTj Ha 

jhctlhx'l ero HBHJiHCb caMH co6ofi 100,000 rtjrb (H3o6pa»eHifl cly- 
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hh CRaseuib, nodTOMy bt> TaRHXi Htrb hh RanaH yMa> ! Ecjih 3Ha«jeHie 
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Geia, to ajih 8THorpa$a oht> bo bchromi cjiynat He Tepaerb CBoeS i^hhocth, 
h Hejib3a He 6jiaroAapHTb Hauiero H3BtoTHaro cHHOJora 3a 03HaROMJieHie 
pyccROit ny6jHRH ci> ipjAOirb MHHbqayjn, XyiyRTU. jj 

Travaux g^ographiques executes en Finlande.— A. 0. Heikel: Explora- 
tions ethnologiquea. (OmmucKb uto Tpydoeb <Puh. Teoep. Q6w,. 15 cmp. 8 % ). 

&Ta He6oJU>mafl saMtTRa npHHaAJiesHTb nepy H3B*CTHaro $HHjmHACRaro 
y^eHaro h H3CJitAOBaTejiff A. TeitRejia, aBTopa ntHHHXi Mouorpa^iit no 
onHcaHiio coBpeieHHUxx THnoB^ nocipoeRX y (Jwhhobi h no H3yHeHiK) 



Digitized by 



160 



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jieHu Tia H3yqeHie <J>hhcrhxi HapoAHOCTeti, MHomacjieHHHe npeftcTaBH- 
Tejin soTopuxi pa3cfe«Hu KaKt b'b eBponeBCKoM, tori* h aaiaTCKori J^occii. 
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coOpanieMi, iiaMHTHHKOBi Hapoparo raopnecTBa, 2) iiocbathbiuhxi> cefia 
nsyHemio HsuROBtAtHifl h 3} coBepmaBiUHi'B nyTeuiecTBifl ct> irbuio 
coopania dTHorpa^ecRHXi h apxeojiomecmi AaHHHxt. Tpyjpf xaKHii 
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jihhi, Ajirbhctl h caMoro aBTopa, xoponio h3b*cthh bt> Poccia, h sa- 
cjiyra hxt> outneHM Hayaoft; ho phaomi c% stbmh BMeHana ctohtt. h 
ufcmi phai> ApyrHxt Menfee h3b1icthhxi> TpyaeaaROBi, pa6ora rotophxi 
hjih He AajiH TaKHXi KpynHHX't pesyju>TaTOBi>, hah nojibsyioTca MeHMuea 
H3BtcTH0CTLH) oTToro, mto, 6yAy4H HaneqaTahu Ha na*o pacnpOeTpaneH- 

HOIWfc H3HR* 5 Offfc 0Ra3HBaK)TCH Meflte AOCTynHUMH pa BHOCTpataMXO. 

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ciitAyerB pacnpocTpaHHTbca; ho HMeimo BCJitACTBie toM noiiwu, KOTopaa 
npHHOCMTca noAo6nHMH H3AamaMn, Mbi He MOxeM r i> He noaajrfcTb, no 
aBTopi orpaHHHHjca jiHUJb BpaflHe G^rjuaait oiepROMi h OTHOCHieibuo 
pa6ori> MHorHX'L aacJifcAOBaTeaea He yRa3ajn>, rAfc noaBajiacb b«l neiara 
mxi> TpyAM noAo6noe yRa3ame 6mjio-6h rtwb 6ojrfee ivfeHHtiMt, wo 
qacTo 9th TpyAM neqaTajiHCb wb Ma jo AOCTynuuxt H3Aamaxi>. KpoMt 
Toro „o63opi, w r. reflRejia, A^aaa apRyio RapTHuy ROjaqecTBeHHaro 
yqania (Jjhhjuihjjckhx'l yqeiiHX'B bt> a*** BCraopoHHaro HscjrfcAOBaHia 
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jiema o norarb, npHHeceHHOft TpyAaMH bthxi yieHbixx, bi> ocofieHHOcm, 
RorAa ftib HAen> o Meute h3b^cthuxi> H3CJi r bA0BaTejiaxT>. HaROHei^i> Ta- 
Roro poAa outHRa A^Jia 6w bo3MOxhoctb bmbchhtb Boupoci o ABHsemH 
nayRH STHorpa^iH bi OHHJiauAia: Ha MtcTuuxi yqeHMX'B OTpasajfflcb 
rocnoACTBOBaBHiia bt> HayRt Teopin, neAOCiaTORi Matepiajia Biiajii mcto 
Ha HtROTopyio nocnt.ujHocTL bmboaobt>, KOTopiae H3HtHajnci> noA^aci 
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H T. A- EdeCTBeHHO, HT0 MH He MOXeM'b CTaBHTB B1> BHHy BBTOpy IX), 

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TpyAa, no BHtcrfe ct> rhwb mu He MOxeMi He BMCRasaTt cozajcbiua, 

qTO MHTaTeJIL-HHOCTpaHCm, ROTOpOMy MajIO npHXOAHJIOCb CTBJIREBaTLCfl 

ci Bonpocoin> o6i> Bsy^Hiif ^HHCRaro mieneHH a ajib Roxoparo, dobhah- 
MOHy h cocTaBjieH'b <o63op r h», ocHOBUBaacB Ha Hein>, He 6yAerii klcq- 
CToauia OTBecTM $HHJiflHACRHin> yneHMMi a ascjitAOBaTeJiaM'B to m^cto 
Bii o6uieuT> ABHweHia HsyqemH aiHorpa^iw, Koix)poe ohh sacjysHfiaiorb. 




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TpyAu IX-ro ApxeoJtorimecKaro C*t3Aa bi BmibHt 1893 i»oa&, t. !. 

(nodb ped. ep. II. C. JJmpoeou u Q. C. CAywaeo\ M. 1895 \ 4°,cmp. 
304 -\- 65, o> 91 puc. 8b mencmtb, 10 waff*, puc. u 1 napmow). 
CpeffH oSinHDHaro RoaiwecTBa pa6orB, cociaBJiaiomHX'B cosepatame 1 t. 
«TpyflOB r B> BHJieHCKaro Cit3fla r h nocBameHHtix'B H3yqefliio apxeojioria h 
HCTopia Poccin, naxoAHTCfl h He Majo MaiepiaJia no AOHCTopircecRoft n 
HCTopHqecKofl 9THorpa<Jrin: mbi Sy^eMt pascMaTpQBaTL pa6oTH Ci>*3fla > 

HCRJHOSHTeJIBHO CB TOHKH 3ptHifl STOrO MaTepiaja. H3BtCTHHft H3CJltH0- 

BaxejiB ApcBHATO 6biTa h HCTopin npH6ajnificKHX , L rySepirifi nacTopi 
A. EujtenuimeuHb bt> CTaTBi: Le village cTApoule dans le gouv. de 
Kowno et la ville finnoise Apulia, pasOapaerB wrfcfl. BonpocH: 1) 

HCT0pH4eCKlfl CBHfltTeJILCTBa 0 TOpOfft KypOBT> Anyjifl, 2) O MtCTOHa- 

xoameHia ero h 3) o HaitfoHajiBHocTH KypoBt. ABTopi corjianiaeica cl 

B03M0KH0CTBH) OTOHieCTBHTB Ap6BHH)H) AnyJUH) CB MtCTHOCTBH) y A^p. 

Acyje bt> TejLmeBCK. y. Kobchck. ry6., ito no3BOJHfleTi> npnOjiHsn- 
rejiLHO onpeAtJiiiTB fpaHHiju pacnpocrpaHeHia RypoBi wl noJiOBHHt IX b., 
Korp ynoMHHaHie o6t> stout* ropoA* BCTptqaeTCfl bt> vita Anskarii npa 
onflcaniH noxoAa hibcjobx Ha KypoBt. Othocht&iilho HaijioHaJiBHOCTH Ry- 
poBt IX b., nacT. BHjeHUiTeMHi, He OTpauafl, mo bt> hxi cpeA* Ha- 
xopjcfl no3»e npoHHKHyBiiiiS b% coBp., RypjiaHAiio $HHCKifl ajieiieHTB 
(jmbbi), c i JHTaeri> hx*b 3a jiaTMmefl. Cat«yerL, opano, 3aMtTHn>, mto 
diovb bbiboat> afiTopa, ocHOBaHHufi Ha HCTopHiecKOMi MaTepiajit, OTHO- 
cameMca rt> 3Ha?HTejiLH0 6ojte no3Aneft anoxt, hmghho Kb XIII h cjit- 
AyK>n^HMi> bb., h Ha H3yieHin Ha3BaHiS MtcTHOcrefi, cpep KOTopwxi % 

(jWHCHHX'B Ha3BaHifl CpaBHHTeJIBHO CB JiaTMfflCKHMH He3Hd l lHTeJieH r B , Tpe- 

6yerB HtROToparo HOATBepxA^Hi a , TaRi> ksitl h*tb AOCTaTO^Ho ocHOBaHia 
npeanojiaraTB, wo 3a CTOJrfeTia, npoTeRmia otb IX ao XIII bb., He 
npoH30iHJio cepBe3HKixi HSMtHenifi bt> aTHorpa^nnecROM'B cocraBi Kyp- 
MHAin. OOiiflCHeHie, AaBaeMoe aBTopoMi> Ha3BaHi» m*cthocth Bihave- 
lane H3T> HtMei^Raro <bei dem Raff entlang* RaxeTca qepe3HypT» HaHBHUBTB. 
CiaTBfl A. H. Cejtmanoea co pacRonRaxi> BopROBCHaro Morouu>HHRa> , 
b-b Roiopofl aBTopi* AaerB RpaTRifi oiuerB o pacKorataxi h Haxopaxt 
bt» stomi HHTepecHOMX MorHJiBDHRt, hocji* pa6orB no BTOMy »e Bonpocy 
r. MepenHHHa, o rotopmx'b yase ynoMHHaJiocB wb <9THorp. 06o3p.» 
npeACTaBjiaei^ Ma jo HOBaro. HHTepecHH nOMtmeHHwe bi daiBt pHcyHRH, 
Morymie cjiyasHTB ao HtROTopofi CTeneHH HMiocTpaoiefl r*b CTaTBtr. He- 
peiniHHa o6t» OAe»At norpe6eHHaro bt, Ha3BaHH0Mi mofhjibhhr^ HapoAa *) . 
A. A. Kovy6uHCKiti bt>ct.: « JlHTOBCRiii H3UKT> h Hama CTapHHa» , pasOwpaeTB 
BonpocB o npoHcxoxAGHiH JiHTOBCRaro TepiiHHa ajih cojih — druska; aBTopi 
cKjioHeHB oo-BacHHTB ero npoHcxoKAeme $aRTOBTB, wo cojib noayiaJiacB 
JiHTOBuaMH H3i> jHTOBCRaro ToproBaro ropoAa Truso, jieataBmaro Ha p. 
9jib6hhtb, HeAajieRO otb BnaAeHia ea bt> OpHHi^-ra<()i. Ho aHajioriw cb 
o6 r BflcueHieM'B aBTopoM'B pyccRoB eAHHHUM B'feca ffepnoeeuh otb AP^BHaro 
uiBeACRaro ropoAa Eepm, Eupnu (t. e. BtcB r. BepRH),— jiht. druska 

•) Cm. 3THorp. 06o3p. ku. XXVI, cxp. 151. 

9TU0rPA»HHECK0K 0B08PSBIE. XXVII. 11 




162 



8TH0rPA*H4ECKOB 0B03P*HIK. 



3Hawn>, no MirfcHitt r. RoHy6nHCKaro, Bemb, npeperL H3T> Truso. ABTOjrt 
BnpoqeMi cann> C03HaeTca , hto pa npnuaTia ero rHnoTe3H BCTptqaiOTca 
HtKOToptw JiHHrBHCTH^ecKin saTpyAHeHia.— Pa6oTH rr. IIonpovcKaeo, 3a- 
aumneauHa u Oypcoea no H3CJi1>flOBaHii0 MonutHUXi naMflTHHKOBt vh 
BMeHCRoit, RoBeHCRoft, HhhckoA h MornjieBCRoft 176. nmn* HeMaao- 
BaffiHMfi MaTepiajn, ffjia HByiema BaRi> noxopoHnuxi o6pflAOBi> 5 TaRi> h 
/ RyjibTypu ApeBHBXi ofiHTaiejiefi yKasaHHiix-B MtcTHOcTeS, paBHO h Top- 
roBiixi cHoniemft Kpaa bi> ApeBHOCTH: A. 6. MepotcuncKiti bt> daiBt 
«0 najipoBCKOMi aspeut orna, RpHBe* , nopepraert HpHTHiecROiiy pa8- 
60 py rocnoRCTByromee MHtHie 0 cymecTBOBanin BepxoBHofi xpe^ecRofi 
AOjljkhocth Epuee, HOCHTeau ROTopofl 6ujih 6yAT0 6h o6iieqeHM ninpoROfl 

BJiaCTBK) m^h BCfeBfL JIHTOBCRHM'L nJieHeH6Ml>. EpH CTBeHHLIM'L flOCTOBtp- 

HHWh HCToqHHROM'L, roBopflmHin* o RpHBe ,— flyc6ypn> (2 noj. XIII ct. h 
Hai. XIY ct.): noApoGnufi pa36opx h RpHTMecRaa outHKa aioro HCToiHHRa, 
npHBOAaii) aBTopa kt> saHJimeHiio, ito noRasania flyc6ypra cjrfeAyerL 
noHBMan> jibiub bi cMucst cymecTBOBanifl wb HaApoBin BJiaTejiBearo 
xpeija, jB^Hoe hma ROToparo 6hjio RpHBe, cjrfcAOBaTejitHO o aojurhocth, 
HOCHBniefi 9T0 Ha3BaHie, He Mosen, 6mtl h pt^H. RpHBe flyclfypra 6hjtb 
nocjitpHMi xpeijoin> orna bt> HaApoBin.— He6ojn>maH sanrfrrRa B. C. 
ganuAeewHa: «MoHeTHHe HJiaAH RieBCHOit ry6. AO 1 leTBepni XV ct.», 
cyMMHpyeTii CBtA*Hia o Haxopaxi MOHerb bt> RieBCKofi ry6. h Aaert 
AOBOJifcHO acHoe npeACTaBjreHie o ToproBuxi cHOinemaxx ap^bhhx^ RieBjjurb. 
ToproBM nuia npeHMymecTBeHHO no flHtnpy; ABHKeme ToproBJiH.no 
Byry 6hjio HeanaqHTeji&Ho h CRopo npeRpaTHjiocs; 9to mokho saRJirowrb 
H3t Toro, «jto no Byry Hafi/jeHH tojlro rpeiecRia h paMCRia MOHera. 
ToproMfl ct> qepHOMopcRHMH rpeqecRHMH kojiohlsmh Haqajiact noBHAHMOMy 
Btsa 3a ABa ao Hamefl apu; npH6j[H3HTejM»HO cb Ha?ajioin> namero JitTO- 
ciHCJieHifl ToproBJia nepexoAffn> b% pyRH pmuraHi. Ho bt> III — IY b. 
8th CHomeHia sHaqffrejiBHO ocaaStJiH, h aBTopi cRaoHemb oOihchhtb oto 
ABJieHie cl oahoH cTopoHH nojomemeMi HMnepin no CMepra Romkop, 
ct Apyrofi ctopohh 3aHaTieMi> loasHoit qacm Poccin roTaMH h ryHHaMH. 
ToproBjrfl ct BH8aHTieft HaHHHaeTca eme ct» VI b., a c% apa6aMH cb 
VIII b. MoHerL 3anaAHHxi> HafiAeHO Rpaitae Maao (pa RJiaAa ct repMan- 
ckhmh MOHeTBMfl uapcTB. TeHpHxa II), hto ao HSBtcTHofi cxeneHH yRa- 
3UBaeTi, mto ToproBjg ci aanaAOMt He HaxoAMacL HenocpeACTBeHHO 
Bt pyKaxt RieBJiam. Ri CTaTtt npnjioseHa RapTa RjiaAOBt RieBCRoM 
ry6. — A.H.MapneeuHb BtCT.:«RT> Bonpocy o HapoAaxt,2KHBUiHXi bt> ApeB- 
iiee BpeMH bt> HepnoMopiH> ; onHCHBaen 3nanaTHHRa, Ha ROTopBixt naxo- 
AflTca B3o6pa3KeHia RaRoro-TO BapBapcRaro HapoAa; aBTopi CRjioHeHi 
cTOTaTb hxi 3a H3o6pa2ReHia epaRiflueBi. BonpocTb o Haiji OHa jbhocth 
jihui, H3o6paffieiiHHXi Ha yRa3aHHLixi> naHamHRaxi, epa jh Moasen. 
6hti> onpeAtJieHHO ptmeHt bt> HacToamee BpeMH, vkwh opaRO He yiia- 
jiaeTca hxt> HHTepect, TaRt RaRt ohh Moryrt npoJiHTB Jiyit cBtTa na 
Bonpoct o the* h OAeatA* qahoto wb njieMeHt BapBapcRHXt, aRHBrnnxi 

BT> ApeBHOCTH Bl HepHOMOpifl, K8KT> 9T0 CA*JiaHO OTHOCHTCJIbHO CRHOOBl. 




KPHTHRA H BHBJlOrPAOIfl. 



16H 



Bb 8T0Mt se tom* «TpyflOB , B> noirfcmeHO HirrepecHoe H3CJrfcA0BaHie fl. H. 
Auynuua: <AMyjien> hsi qejOBt^ecRoM rocth», o ROTopoMt uu hmImh 
yxe cjyqafl roBopim* Ha (vrpaffiiuax'b eamero HspHia (cm. Shraorpaij). 
06. XXV). HaROHeut, CTaTLH r . IlAoma/Hcmco (Arth xomcrhxt, cyAOBt 
XV— XXII bb.) n o. JIbea IlarecKaeo (SKHpoBHURiM u Bpecrt-JlHTOBCRifi apxH- 
bh) Aaron* He6e3T>HHTepecHUfl yRa3aHia am aejiaromHX'b saHATBCH Bt hhxi 
H6 TOJIbRO BonpofiaMH HCTOpiH, ho h 9THorpa$iH Rpafl. * H. X. 

B. C. CBtTJiOBi: KaBKascKin npe.a,aHifl m jiereHAU. Cn6. 1895. — 
9ia HeSojiLmaa RHHHCRa Bt 265 cip. in 8° 3aKjnoqaen> bi ce6t crt- 
Ayioniia jiereH^H: «ToMHpaHp>, «flyxn ropnaro MOHacTHpa*, «RpacaBHija 
9xcHHa>, <^Ba MyapHxt coB*Ta», «CTapiifi ryAT>», «Hqw TaMapu», 
«niaTepi> ABpaaMa*. «ToMHpaHAa>, aMa30HCKaa jiereHp RaBKa3CRaro no- 
6epexba QepHaro Mopa, cocTaBJieHa no HCTO^HHRaHi, noMimaBnraiicfl 

BT> <KaBKa3CK0MT> C6opHHKt» H cCSopHHR* CBtRtHifi 0 RaBRa3CRHX'b 

ropuaxi>>. 9ia jno6onbiTHaa aereHAa aBTopoirb rhhjrkh H3JioaeHa Ha 
90 CTpaHHijaxt, pa36aBjieHHafl HHor/^a npaBAonoAo6HHMH, ho name <j>aH- 
TacTiwecRHMH AonojiHemuMH. CymHOdb JiereHAU saRJiHHaeTca bi> tom«l, 
too aeHUiHHH MepHOBiopcRaro (?) noGep^aba, HeAOBOJibHua npoAOJMKH- 
TejiKHtiMT> OTcyTCTBieMi) MyHTOHHL bt> a3iaTCRHXi noxoAaxi, ptmaiOTca 
o6pa30BaTL caMocroaTejibHoe rocyAapcTBO, uapnueft ROToparo H36npaeTCH 
6e3CTpaniHaa ToMHpaHAa. OHa nepBaa raaoBeuiROft h3t> ropanjaro RQjvrpa 
npHawraerb ce6* npaByio rpyAfc, h ea npmrfcpy cji*Ayion> Apyria. flec- 
noTH3MT> Myaefi CM^HaeTca raeTOMi ToMHpaHAM, ROTopaa H3Aaen> He- 
yuojtnHue 3aKOHH, Rapaionpe Bcama HfeaHbia qyBCTBa h cHoniema c/b 
Myat^HHaMH. H3i iecTGjuo6ia OHa Tpe6ye*n> o6oroTBopema, h ea <vraiy- 
nm> B03Aai0Tca 6oaecRia noMecra. HeAOBOJibCTBO bi ea cbht* h noA- 
AaHHUxi HenpepuBHO ycmiHBaeTca, a pa30HapoBame bt> ea 6oaecTBeH- 
homt> npoHcxoaAeniH Bjieqerb 3a co6oh> 6yHn>. ToMHpaHAa, onacaacb aa 
cyAt6y uapcTBa h BHMnpame ana30H0Ri>, paaptmaerb bi> roAT> pa3T>, 
BecHOH), Ha ABa M-fecaua, buxoahtb bt> AOJSHHy nepeAi ropoAOMi* am 
«6paqHbixi Honefl* c% naciyxaMH H3Tb coctAHRXi. seMejib. Caiia uapHi^a 
couuiacb ex <6tJiORypbiBn> naciyxo^ , 4to6h AaTb itapcTBy npeeMHimy 
no ce6t, h6o poahbuihxch cbiHOBeft ptnieHO 6buo yMepmBJiaTb, a a*- 
BOHeRi> BOcnflTbiBaTb. 3a H3MtHy My^a, BJiio6HBHiaroca bt> opy npe- 
RpacHyio oco6y — 6eMy, ToMHpaHAa npojieBaerb RpoBb cbohx^ HOAAaH- 
hhxt>, ROTopua BJieKyrb uapnuy ct> MyaeMi bt> noA3eMeju>e h norpe- 
fiaiorb hxtj TaM'b hoa^ TaasejibiM'b ksmhcmii. ToBoparb, hto no CMepra 
ToMapaHAH aMa30HRH ynpaBJiajiHCb no npHMtpy cbohxt* coctA^M — nacTy- 
xob^— o6mHMx coBtTOMi, a ToMnpaHAt npoAOJiHajnH B03AaBa b GoaecRia 
noqecTH.— JlereHAa <Ho4M TaMapu» ocHOBBHa Ha tomx npeAama, ROTopoe 
jierjiOBi ocHOBaHie cthxotb opeHia JlepMOHTOBa tBi, rjy6oROMi ymejibt. 
flapbflaa, ta* poeTca TepeRi bo Mrjifc, CTapuHHaa 6auiHa doajia, nepHta Ha 
TeMHOft cKajt>. Bt> cbh3h vb BTofl jiereHAoM r. Cb^tjiobumtj npHBOAHTca 
to npeAaHie, ROTopoe H3BtcTHO Haarb no npeRpacHOiiy cthxotbophomj" 



11* 




164 



9TH0rPA<DHHBCK0E 0B03F6HIB. 



H3AoxeHiio B. JI. BeAHiica «ropitfCRan 6amHfl». H)HOiua, AOCTaBHBniiM 
ijapmjt nepejieTtBmaro Ha npoTHBonojioxHyio CTopony pasOynieBaBmarocfl 
TepeRa JK)6HMaro acTpe6a, 6bun> 6yjTO-6u oceTHHt CocjaHt (Myvb 
TaMapH?). OffB npnnjiuBaerB rt> Oepery, nepeRaen, i^pim* ACTjpe6a, h 
bt> btotb MOMeHTB OypHaa BOJifla TepeRa norjionjaerb ero. TaMapa, 
6ysTO-6u, bt» OTMmeHie nocrpoHia tvtt> »e saMORx n npoBopjia bt» Hem* 
crpacTHHA hohh Vb oHnmrb nyTHHRa, a Ha Apyrofi jifiBb ero cnycRajw 
Bt bojihbi TepeRa. PoroboH HanHTORt OHa nopocnrb h aBHBmeMyca 
(cl Toro CBtTa) CocjiaHy, roto^hH noniGaerb orb has, a yrpoirc caiia 
uapHua ropa m*b ORHa RHAaeTca bi> TepeRi*.— JereHAa «CTapwfl TyAt*, 
HanncaHHaa bt> noaTHqecRHxt RpacRaxi», nepeAaerb oaho h3T> noBfcpift 
RaBRascRHXi ropueBi, *ro ropmaB Ayxt oSjiaAaerb qejiOB-feqecRHMH dpa- 
cthmh, Bjno6jiAeTCfl Bt 3eMHUfl cymecTBa h bt> cbohxt>, to xojioahmxi, 
to ropaqixt o6 , bHTiffX'b ry6nrb saBoeBaBinyio ero cepAue oco6y. Bt> btoH 
jiereHA* xepTBoti FyAa AtaaeTca npeRpacHaa HiHa, ROTopyio peB&uButt 
Ayxi> aa6pacHBaerL aaBajiOMi BMfccrfc c% en horjiohhhrohi 3ayp6eROin>. 

JlereHAa <UIaTep% ABpaaiaa», ROTopwit yRa3UBaeTCfl Ha Bepiumrfc 
RasGeRa, nepeAaerb oAHy H3i> TmeTHhix'b nonbrroR'b cMepTHaro npoHH- 
RHyTt bt» 9T0TL TaHHCTBeHHwM yroJiORt. H3T> HejiaHin ao6mtb 6oraTtiM 
Kaimrb ajw nojiyqeHia pyRH ReTeBamj, BaHO, repoit JiereHAM, horhh- 
MaeTCfl 3a Typom> Bee Bume bt> ropu, ho 3A*cb hmt> OBjiaAtBaerb pa- 
cRaajjie, noRopHOCTb cyAbfit, b% bhay OTRpuBHiefica Mpa<rao8 6e3AHU 9 
ROTopaa yrpoxaja cbohstb aACRHMx MpaROJrb. 1Bt» HCRynjieme CBoero 
rptxa om> B03ABHraen> xpairb y noAHoaia Ra36eRa... 

Honyrao ct> coo6meHieirb JiereHA't, RHHausa r. CBtTJioBa Aaerb paAt 
yAa^HMXT* KapTHHt npnpoRH KaBRa3a, ROTopua HHorAa npoHHRHynj h 
TenjiOTOK) qyBCTBa. KuHEKa AOcraBHrb yAOBOJU>CTBie RaBRascRHirb TypH- 

CTaBn >- A. Xaz-oei. 

ElU6 HtCROJIbRO 0tfpa3l^0Bl HapOAHU)Tb NCTOpNHeCKNJCb ntcein, sa- 

nMcaHHwrb bo BjiaAHMipcRoii rytf. 3anncajrbH H3Aajrb M. EepewKOBi. 

Wkmnwb. 1895 r., in 4, 31 CTp. 

H*CROJibRO roAOBi ri pflAy npoMBaa jitTOMt bt> c. BepexRt, lOpteB- 
cRaro y., BjiaAHMipcRoii ry6., r. BepexROBi OAHa»AH y3Hajr& no cjiyxy, 
tto Bt cejit ecTt jihuo, ROTopoe 3Haeri> ntcHH npo Ropojia HiBeACRaro, 
npo napa HBaHa BacHJiteBHqa h seHy ero Mapbio TeMpWROBHy, h Aase 
npo RHH3A BjiaAHMipa, npo Bacnjincy MHRyjinniHy h CTaBpa ToAHHOBHHa. 
Jihuomi 8thmi> ORasajiacb KaTepHHa AjieRCteBHa BepesROBa, HoiTCHHaji 
A^BHi^a AyxoBHaro sBamn, aobojibho no»Maa, AaBHo cocToan^an npocBHp- 
Heio npn MtcTHOfi uepRBH. ntcHH OHa noMHHTT* co cjiobt* cBoeM MaTepn 9 
6uBHiefl AiaROHHuti Toro »e ceja, KOTopiaa rpaMOTH He sHajia h crbsbi* 
Bajia ntcHH TaRxe co cjOBecHaro npeAama. Gasia KaTepHHa AjieRcteBHa 
qHTaert. Otl Hea r. BepexROB% 3anHcajii 4 ii*chh. Tyn» ae wl c«j* 
Hauuiacb Apyraa cRa3HrejiBHHua, BAOBa npnieTHHRa, KaTepHHa HBaHOBHa 
AjitfiHURaa, otb ROTopofl r. BepexROBi 3anHcaJn> Tpn ntcHH. nocjitpaa, 



Digitized by 



Google 



KPHTHKA M fiHBJHOH>A«lfl. 



]65 



BOctMaa ntcHH 6fcua saraicaHa co6HpaTejiejn> bt» popott cento*. 9th 
ntCHH, sanHcaHHHfl eme bt> 1883 — 85 rr., 6bijih mwmn tojm>ro bi 
HCTeKmeMt rony, ct> KpaTRHMi> npeAHCJiOBiem, OTRy^a mm nonepimyjiH 
npuBeneHHtia CBt^Hifl, h ct npuMtqaHieMi, coAepaamiarL yKaaame Ba- 
piaHTOBt h HtKOToptifl HCTopHqecKiB c6jiHxeHifl. ntcHH cjitflyiomifl: 
1. BacHjiHca MmtyjiHiiiHa n CTaBpi> Oabhobhtb. 2. MacTpH)Ri» TeMpio- 
kobhyl. 3. C6opM bi noxofli (UeTpa AjreKCteBHHa). 4. UlBejCKifi ro- 
pojb. 5, HoxopoHH uapa. 6. HpyccKiB kopoju>. 7. IIjrfcHHHua PyMflH- 
UOBa. 8. Tope. 

Do coAepsaHuo CBoesiy ntcHH He npeACTaBJUHOTL mrcero saMt^a- 
TejibHaro, RaRt OTBrfeHaert bto h cam> r. EepeatROBt. EtMHHa cmpo- 
nycRaMH h HHTepnoJumiflMH. JKejiaa otrphtlcb Myacy, BacHjaca Beflen> 
ero «bt> sejieHHft cafli> ryim>, rA* 3araAUBaen>: 

BcnoMHHins jih, BcnaMflTyem jih, 
Kant 6iiBajio mm <vl toOoio ryjuiBajiH, 
Bi cBaeiRH ci> to6oM HrptiBajui, 
Th bt> sojiOTyio, a bt» cepe6pflHyio, 
Ha uepywKu iepyccuuMCKix, 
IlfbcenKu nn>Au omb Ifapfiepada? '. . 

JBeHa BJiaffHiripa hochit> hmh MapLH TeMpiOROBHH. Bacueca OopeTca: 

— flepBtifi pa3x aepHert, to pyRy npoiL, 
flpyroft paai AepHert, to Hory npo^L, 
Tperifi pas* AepnerL, roaoBa AOJioft. 
RpoMt 6opt6u, BacH4wcy HcnuTUBaiorB cTptju»6ott. 

TjiaBHoe sHaneaie, h Becwia BaxHoe, ntcHH npio6ptTaiOTT> no MtCTy 
3anMCH, TaR*b-RaRi> 6hjihh*i» bo BjiaAHMipcRofl ry6. Aocejrfc He 6ujio 3a- 
nHcaHO BOBce, n& h HCTopHqecRHxi ntcem oqem> neHHoro. Bectita 

> HHTepeCHO, YTO DtCHH SaDMCaHU OTL JEHIVL He RpeCTLflHCROft cpeflu, 

MesAy Tkwb RaRi bt> OjiOHeuKOMt Rpat, no yRasamio rHJiL^epAirara, 
6hjihhh coxpaHflioTCfl HCRAHHHTejibHO bt> RpecTbflHCRoH cpeA*. reoprieB- 
CRaa, eAHHGTBeHHafl BCTptTHBinaacfl THjib^epAHHry CRa3HTeju»HHi|d h3T> 
AyxoBHaro sBamfl, 6usa bt» oco6hxt> ycjoBiflxi. A ^ Jlododa 

A. H. 3epiiajtoB*: Ki MaTepiajairb o Bjpomfit n ApeBHefi PycN 

(H31 ^meniu eh Hmyi. O&w,. ucmqpiu u Speauocmeu pocciucKuvci. 



IIoai* 9THin> 3arjiaBieMi A. H. 3epi^aJiOBT> Hane^aTajii HHTepeOHoe 
cucRHoe A*Jio 1642 — 1643 rr.,o Han*peHiH HcnopiHTL uapmjy Ebaoruo 

JlyRbflHOBHy. CI TO^RH 3p*Hifl 8TH0rpa$HHeCR0B 3T0 A^O, nOMHMO 6h- 

TOBoro, HMterL euie to sHaieme, qTO bi> Hem mh HaxoAHMt yRasama 

Ha HtKOTOpHe BHAH ROJIAOBCTBd: nOACyAHMblfi A^OHLRa HayMeHORi HO- 

RaSbiBaerB o ce6* utAyiomee: <fla A^oiiBRa-an> HayaieHORi bt> Aonpocfe 
roBopnjii: yHMH ero OTptHHca XpncTa bt> IlyTHBjit Ra3aRT> BacbRa, a 



1895 III). 




A 



166 



BTHOrPAQH HECBOB OB03P*BIB. 



Ha Mockb* ryjwnqM qeiOBtrt OoMKa nymem. OepBoe je Beitn 
eMy chhtl Kpecn ci> ce6fl h noJOXHTB noflt nflTy h dyiiHTB Ha3ap 

TpOaffH H rOBOpHTB! HOpie 6tCH KO MH*, fl BdlTL BtpyX), a BM Mfffc 

cjiysHTe, KaKyio cjiyx6y Baci> 3acTaBJiK)>. y Toro-ae BacBRH Hayie- 
hokt> nay^HJicfl npHBASHBaTb mm h npHBopa«HBaTb jReHuum: <a nps- 
BopasHBaerb Ae oht> aeflOKt t*mt>: BoatMerb jiaryiiiRy cawua Aa canny 

H KJiaABTB Bl» BypaBettHHK'L H npHrOBapHBaBTB ! CROJIB TOfflHO TfelTB IB- 

ryuiKaMt b*b MypaBeflraRt, ctojl-6m toiiiho 6mo toM xeHRt no Hein>, 
A^OHBKt, a HaQOMHuaerL Tofi xeHirfe bt> totl 4aci» hba, h Ha i a^hb 
npnxoAHTT> oht>, A^OHBxa, mi TOMy BypaBefiHHKy, h bt> tomi A^ Mypa- 
BefiflHK* otb rfexi jmryHieRt ocTaHeTca opht> RpmoRi* Aa bhikh, h ohi 
to B03BMert, h vhwb Kpw^KOMt KOTopyK) isoHKy aautnim, h Ta xema 

CT» HVLWh H BOpOBdTB CTaHCTb; a KaKT> eMy Cl> TOW SeHROK) BOpOBaTb 

He noxowrcfl, h ohi» Toe xeHRy bh^khmh otb ce6a onmxHerB, h Ta 
aeHBa no HeMt Tyataxb nepecTaHerL* — cnocoSt npHBopa&HBaHbA, 
MBtCTHHti h bt> HacToamee eme BpeMfl pyccRHMi RpecTbaHaMt. Kmu 
npncajKHBaJTb A$om>Ka, Aapaa hhtb TpaBy: <mw Toft TpaBH eon*, poc- 
Ten> iipH 6oJiOTfe>. 06BHHfleMHfi bhhhtcb bt> aejamH ncnopTHTb aapmiy: 
«xorfcjn> ee, rocyAapHHio, ymopHTL ao CMepTH, a AaBaTb eS r-H* B r b mnt 
TpaBy ueAeCom (utiH6yxa?), a pacTert TpaBa Ha ptirfe Ha Ok* h Ha Mockb* 
ptKt», h TaK'B KaKi> 8Toro He yAaaocb CAtJiaTb, to HayMeuoR* XBacTajn.: 
<fl A^ to CA*JiaK), 6yAen> He yMpert, h oHa ag caMa HaA* co6oio to ca*- 
jiaeTB... a A*^aTb ae 6hjio eMy to a*JH> H8a*b r -Hero u— ueio TaRT>: Hany- 
CRan> no BtTpy Ha sap* Ha yrpeaHeft hjih Ha BenepHeit, cb ROTopofl cto- 

pOHH BtTepi> HABTB, CT> npH3HBaiejbHMMH CJIOBaMH TOBOpHTb: HdpOAHJFB Aa 

caTaHaHJH>, a Basn> Btpyio, ctwiyKHTe MHt moh) cjy»6y h OTHecirre 
necRy h 6pocBTe Ha qeaoBtRa, Ha Roro hxi> nonLaert*. HirrepecT. naRon- 
jema hoao6hhxi MaTepiaJiOBt ajih 8THorpa$in cjihuiromt, oqeBHAeHt, 
htoObi o HeMi> pacnpocTpaHflTbca; mu MoseMi tojibro Bupa3HTb nose- 
jiaHifl, qTo6u A*Jia o Bopos6t, xpaHanuacfl wh pa3JHiHHXi apxHBaxi 
nopepraJiHCB 66ju>meMy H3yneHiio h 66jibiuefl pa3pa6oTRfc, vfcwh 3T0 
6buio ao HacToamaro BpeMeHB. fl ^ 

H. 8. KaTaHOBi. 0 HaHaaamN JitHNBuxi tforoBO/iuieB* y TaTapi 
KMTaMCKaro TypnecTaHa. KaaaHL. 1895. 

• A- KoHH6B*b. 0 norpetfa/ibHUXT. o6paAax^ imyTOBi BMjwficKaro 
oKpyra flKyTCKoR odiacTM. Ota. otthc. h3t> H3B. HcTopiw, ApxeojoriH h 
9THorp. npn HMn. Ka3. yHHBep. 3a 1894 r. 

Bt> nepBOfl H3i> yHaaaHHHxt Spoiuiopi aBTopi onncuBaerb rt B3rjWAH 
h noBtpbfl, ROTopua cymecTByiorb cpeAH MycyjibMaHT> othochtbjibho 6y- 
AyniHOCTH rptrnHHROBi n j^hhbuxi 6oroMQJU>ueB%, a*h rotophx'b yro- 
TOBaHbi CTpaniiibia aACRia MyqeHia. 9to opyAie HaRa3aiiia Ha3HBaeTca y 
TaTapT> pyccRaro TypRecTaiia «A ( ^pH>,RHTaflcRaro TypRecTaHa «Ay— 6ypH>. 
no tyopnt oho HanoMHHaerb pyccRift <apanHHRi>». Busaerb oho AByxi 




KPHTHKA H BHBJUOrPAOIH. 



107 



bhaobv. OoJiBiuoe h MaJioe; nepBUMt 6bk)tb no Horain>: C3ap, cnepep 
hjih c6oRy, BiopuM'L— no JiHuy, iueKaifi> am jaAQHUi. 9thmh opy^WMH 
HaKa3UBaH)TCfl bc* Hexopnrie Ha MOJiirrBy. Rb HaKa3aHie qnTaiOTCfl 
rfe hjih flpyrie cthxh, hjih H3peqema. TaRHXi H3penemfi aBTopom 3a* 
nncaHO 16 y xaiiiflcKHXT> Taiapi RHTaficRaro TypRecTaua. 3arfcin> TaRia 
xe yRa3aHin hphboahtch 0 jioryieHCRHX'L Taiapax-B h bt, saRjimeme 

npHBOAATCfl HtROTOpKW MOJIHTBH H3T> RHHIH c EaKBiprHH'B » (H3A- 1857 

H3i> HHXt opa nocBamefla onncamio 3Ha4eHia mojhtbh y MycyjBMaHHHd, 
h ab* HenocpeACTBeHHO cjrfcAyromifl saRjuo^aiorL bt> ce6t o6paiueme ht» 
jitHHBOMy 6oroMOJii>uy. Bi ci^yniaeil RHHrt «BeueBaMT>> TaRxe h3jo- 
menu o6pameHia ht> Ji*HHBHin> 6oroMOJ^ijajrB bt> cthxotbophoS <j)opM*. 

T. Ro4fleBi> bt> CBoefi pa6orfc BHanajit npHBOAHTt HSBtdifl 
ApeBHHXt aBTopoBi (orojio 200 Jitvb TOMy Ha3aAi Haiajm hobbjuitbch 
CB*A*Hifl o6t> ARyTaxt) o norpe6ajn>HHxi o6paAaxi> HRyTOBi (CTpaaeH- 
6epra bt> 1730 r., K. Muiepa 1776 r., I. Teoprn 1794 r., BaM6epH 
1885 r., BpyueBH^a 1891 r.,IIpHRjioHCRarol891 r., Kpayca 1891 roAa, 
MaaRa) h sai-fein, yxe nepexoAHTL rt> onncaHiio 8thxt> oCphaobt., cy- 
niecTByiomnxi bt> Hacroamee BpeMfl bt> BhjuoMcromi ORpyrfc flRyTCROfi 
o6jiacTH. HpHBOABTCB HHTepecHiu A^HHUfl o6i 8thxt> o6pflAaxT>, Ha^HHafl 
ci>M0MeflTanpH6JiHseHifl CMepTH,saBtii|aHifl h pacnopaxenia yirapaiomaro, 
3aTtMi> — o6paAN, coBepmaeBiHe HaAt eoroUhhromi ao norpe6eHiB, ycTpofl- 
ctbo rpo6a, nojioxeirie Bi>rpo6'L, bhhoct>, ynacrie Ha noxopoHaxt, ycipofi- 
ctbo naiiflTHHRa HaAt Monuroit h t. A- 06pHAU norpeOema y ARyTOBi, 
coBepmaeMue m> HacToamee BpeMfl, bo moron* OTJunaroTca on> npex- 
hhxi; TaRi, Hanp., npexAe bt» rpo6s> RJiajra AepeBHHHyio naniRy cb nac- 
jiomt>, Mflcoifi h Aaxe ACHBrn. Bs> ApeBHia BpeiieHa paAOin* ci> xo3HHHOin> 
wl nojiHOMt roctiom* norpeSajiH ROHH Bt hojihoH c6pyt. Coo6meme CTpa- 
jienSepra, 6yAT0 any™ 6pocarort cbohxi iiokoShhkob'l Ha cttACHie co- 
6aRaMt, hjih noRHAaiorL lopiy, rA* yiepi rto HHfiyAt, no mh^hLeo aB- 
xopa, He 3acjiyjRHBaerL BHHMaHia. w rr 



„Bh KHprH3CKNXi CTenflXi> c , A-pa UlycTOBa. « ExeHeAt jlhhri> > 1895 
roAa 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24. 



Ham p*ako npHXOAHTCH bctp^wb bi> ne^aTH CB*A*Hia Bpaiefi, xh- 
ByqHxi* cpeAH HHopoA^ecRaTo Haceiema, o caHHTapHUxi ycjiOBiaxi bthxi 
HHopoAueBi, hxt» 6oJit3HeHHOCTH, CMepTHOCTH h t. A- Mh yxe ho ro- 
BopHMt o6i> 8TH0rpa$H4ecRHXi> CBtA*Hiaxx. ABTopi> BUineyRa3aHHofi 
daxBH, HeMHoro otbop Mtda cneuiajitHofl CTOpOHt ( KeAHRO-CaHHTap- 

HOfi), HOApoSHO OCTaHaMHBaeTCfl Ha BROHOMHHeCROfl H 6hITOBOft CTOpOHt 

RHprH3i>. Bi> nepBwxi rjiaBaxt 3HaHOMHrL maTejiH ct KHprH3CRHMH 
CTenflHH ypaju>CROfi o6jiacTH bo Bpeita 3acyxn h bt> to BpeMH, RorAa 
6hiBaerL MOAopoAie. Onncame aobojlho RapTHHHoe. 3artMi npn- 
BOAflTCfl HtROTopua m>i$poBHa a^hhuh, xapaRTepHsyiomifl paaBHTie 
BROHOMH^ecRaro 6iiTa h cocTOHHie RyjibTypH cxenefl (bt> 70-xi ro- 
Aaxt). Mhmoxoaomt, ynoMHHaeica o niROJiaxt, shmhhxt* nocTpottRaxi, 



Digitized by 




168 



&TH0rt>A6H<lBCK0tt OfeOSt^feHlE. 



jrtTHHXi KO^eBKaxi, KOJnraecTBt cROTa no bojeoctaitb (sa 1871 rop) 

H 8aTtM1> npHBOAHTCH CpftBHHTejIBHBIfl AaHHBIfl CT> 71 T. HO 92 T. On- 

sHBaeTCfl, ito deiiL TaRi-xe 6tAua h HeBtaecTBeHHa, RaRi oea fimia h 
20 j*tl TOMy Hasa^. Hhcjio lukojtb ct> 45 yMeHBniHJiocB ao 13, yia- 
mnxsa ct> 2293 ao 1630 iea., CROTa— c«b 387164 «o 328053; mcjo 
rh6htort» ct> 18961 yBejramiJiocb ao 22146; Ha aymy bt> cpeAHean* npn- 
xoamocb CROTa bt, 71 r. 4.9 mryn,- a bt. 92 roAy no 2.8; qHwro 
aHTejieil vh 77963 yBejra<iMOCB ao 112353. Ecjih bi» qe»n> aairfriaeTCfl 
nporpecct TaRi bt> tomi, hto RHprnaH cepBe3H0 6y«xo npHHHMaiOTCfl 
aa zemexbm. flajrfce homth ufrmti yjl&bu nocBameHti Rymjcy h ero 
aMctbuo Ha KHprM3T>, cnoco6aMi> npnroTOBJieHia u t. a. MHTepecmia 
onncaHin OTHocHiejiBHO ycTpoflcTBa o6jacTHHM r B ynpaBjemeMi ocnonpi- 
BHBaiejibHaro saBeAeHia h caaiaro cnocoSa o6yieHiH RHprH3T> ocnonpHBH- 
BdHiH). HoMtmeHifl pa «HHTHJMi3Hi;iH> 6bijo OTBeAeno xaRoe cqTO ny6- 
jiHRa, nootiBaBt y Haci> pas*, 6ojrfce rt> Hasn> He 3arjaABiBajia, — oho , 
BH3biBajio oaho OTBpameme*. JRejaronmx'B yHHTBca ocnonpHBRBaHiro Ha- 

UliOCB 6 RHpFH3CRHXT> MaJIBHHROB'B, ROTOpHe ORa3aJIHCB 046HL TOJIROBBIMH 

h jno6o3HaTejiLHtiMH h 6ucTpo jcBOHjiH Teopiio ocnonpHBHBania. 3aTtHl 
HAerL onHcanie notsARH bt> ceaema AJia ocnonpHBHBama, OTHomeme kt> 
neMy RHpnra-B, 6oj*3hh nxt ht. j, ^ H—iu 

M. M. UleHAPNKOBCRiii: Hi 3THorpa<J)in tfyparb (BpaTB 1895, X« 14). 

Bt> oahomtl H3ii 3acbA3Hifl AHTponoaonraecRaro 06mecTBa npa B.-M. 
ARaAeMin 6Bun> npowraffB HHTepecHHil AORJiaA^ A-pa IIIeimpireoBCKaro 
o cejieHrHHCHHXT> fiypflTaxt . ABTopt , Ha ocHOBamH jHiHBixi>Ha6jiH)AeHi8npeA- 

CTaBHJH> CBtAtHlH 0 M'fcCTOKHTeJIBCTB'fc 6ypflTi>, 3aHHTiHX1>, SHJlHIUaXl, 

HHmt, oOuHaflXi h t. a. MeatAy npoHHM'B 0Ra3HBaeTca, no 6ypaTBi Ha- 

CT0JIBR0 npHBURAH RT> BepXOBOfi *3A*, HTO H01TH COBCfelTB He X0AHTT> 

ntuiROMt, Aaate caMua mma npocTpaHCTBa bt> 30 — 40 cas. ohh He- 
npeMtHHO tAyn* BepxoMi. /^obojibho noApo6HO npeAdaBJieHO onHcairie 
6ypflTCK0fi lopTja, ub en BHyTpeuHefi o6cTaHOBKOfl h t. a. Ilniua 6ypart 
cocTOHTB,rjiaB. o6pa30Mi, H3i> RHCJiaro MOJiORa h RHpnHiHaro Man. Maco 
tpn> ptARO, ho bt> 6ojiBfflOMT> ROJiHqecTBt, no 6—7 (j)yHTOB*B sa pasi; 
tpn> 6e3T> cojh h xjt6a. JIio6HMoe mhco— 6apaHHHa. Hsi OBomeft yno- 
Tpe6jifleTCfl qepeHuie — bt> poA* Haniero qecHORa. KypeHie Ta6aRy chjib- 
ho pacnpocTpaneHo; Aaase aseHmaHM b% btoitb OTHomeiiiH hhcrojilro He 
ycTynaiorB MyaraHHaMTB; HanHHaiorB RypHTB a*th. ynpaBjiHiOTca Sypara 
poAOBBiHH Ha^ajiBHHRaMH no oSBi^HOMy npaBy. BuBaiorB co6paHia pejnr- 

ri03HBIfl: B'BMOHaCTBipaX'B, RyMHpHflXT>, HJIH npocTO nOA^ OTRpBITHMt He- 

6omt>, Ha BepniKHt ropu. IIIaiiaHCTBO HMterB TenepB, no caoBairB aB- 
Topa, tojbro caMoe He6oJiBmoe hhcjio npHBepateHueBi>; nonra noBce- 
Mtcrao pacnpocTpaHenii 6yAAB3M-B. OnHCMBaeTca oht> h bt> MOHacTHpt— 

rjaBHOMT) MtCTOnpeSUBaHiH JIaMCl — CB OorOCJIOBCRHM'B h moahiihh- 

ckhmtj OTA^JieniflMH. Bi ocHOBy jitqema nojiaraeica dporaa AieTa. Bt. 
cjiyqaaxT*, bi rotopbixi HCRyccTBO JIaMM He noMoraerB, ohh OTcmaiorB 




RPHTHKA H BHBJIIOrP AOIfl . 



169 



6ojLHoro Kb BpaiaMi. Hsi 6ojrfe8HeM cpep 6ypnrB ceaeHrHHijeB'B Han- 
6ojrte pacnpocxpaHeHM aojiOTyxa h umra. He cMOTpa Ha HeqacTonjioT- 
hoctb 6ypHn>, cpep ujivb nonaffaeTCfl BecBia wjlo c% qecoTRoit h Ha- 
roxhhmb 6oj*8HflMH Boo6me. B«b saRJUOHeHie aBTopi KOCHyjicfl Bonpoca 

O $H3HHeCK0BTL H HpaBCTBeHHOMl BBipOJKAeHUI 6ypflTB H 0 BBMHpaHiH 9T0r0 

njeMeHH. Othocht6JH>ho nocjitparo, m*b cTaTHClmecRHX'L phhuxi 
0Ka3HBaeTcn; tto 3a 30 Jitrt (cl 1,863— no 1893 r.) Hacejieme B03- 
pacjo Ha 20,4% t. e. bt> cpcpein> no 0,68% bt> ro«T>. TaRHMi 06- 
pasoirL o BHMHpaHiH SypaTt He MoaerB 6bitb h p*hh; He3Ha^nTejiB- 
hoctb se roAOBoro npHpocia Hacejiema aBTopi, Ha ocHOBami HMtiomnxca 
y Hero UM^pi, o6T>acHflen> epHGTBeHHO tojibro MaiOH) naoAOBHTOCTBio 
SypHTCKHXt aeflmHHt. Merasauifi 6ypBTB ct> pyccRHMH RtitcTByeTB He- 
coMHtHHO OaaronpiflTHO <bi cmhch* ocBtaeHia hxi xpoBH». 

fl. H—iu. 

fl-pT> M. A. TeAeBaHOBi: 3aHre3ypciciM yt3A* EjmcaBOTnojbCKOM rytfep- 
HiN bi> ■eAMUNHCKOMi oTHOUieHiN sa 1890—1892 r. (Otthckh H3i MeAHU. 
COopHHxa Hm. KaBKa3CKaro MeAHmiHCRaro OGmecTBa, ITs 56 1894 r.). 

OcTaHaBJiHBaeMCfl Ha 9Tofi Kpafine HHTepecHofi pa6orfc noTOMy, mo bt> 
Heft, KpoMt o6btihlixtj cneuiaJiBHo mbahubhckhxi phhhxt,, npnBopTCB 
HeMaJio 9THorpaj)HHecKHXi> CBbj&uiA o HacejieHW HasBaHHaro yt3ffa, co- 
CToamaro h3t> aAepOeflAmaHCRHX-B TaiapTb (30- 6%) KypflOBx (21,4%) h 
apittflHi* (46,3%). Bi nepBofi rjiaBt — MBpKO-Tonorpa^H^ecKofi — aBxopt 
roBopHTB o Tonorpa$iH ytap, nowfe, RJiBMarfc h boa*; bo BTopofl— araorpa- 
(jHroecKofi— o pacnpeAtJieHin HaceJieHin: 125,254 <ieji. (bi 326 ceji.); b*b 
TpeTtefl— MeAHRO-caHHTapHHft onepKi, rA* onHCHBaiOTca apBWHe h TaTapu 

(KypAH BBTOpOMTj DpHCOeAHHeHH Rl> MJCyjlLMaHaMT>, «TaRT> K9ITL OHH HO 

o6pa3y h ycjOBiflHi jrhshh Majio q*MT> ounqaiOTCfl OTt TaTapx, pa3B*fc 
enje 66jii>niHMi, h*mt> nocjrfepie, HeBtaecTBOM^>), ycjoBia hxi jkhshh, 

nHU^a, SaHflTW, rOBOpHTCa 0 R0?eBHHR8X'B H 0 3aB0ACKHXT> paOoHHx^. Bt na- 
3BaHH0MT> yt3A*6, RaKT> ORB3BlBaeTCH, HaXOAATCfl MtAHO njaBHJlfcHLiesaBOAH, 

na ROTopHXt pa6oTaen> He opa mcaia pa604BXi». ycjiOBia »h3hh 
araxTi pa60TOx% RpaHne hjioxh: pa6oTaioTB on> 12—18 moBT> bi> 
cyTRH, nojiyMaa on> 15 ao 80 r. A ycjiOBifl TpyAa noncTHHt Raiopa- 
hhb: cnpeACTaBBTe ce6t, roBopHn, aBTopi, noAaeiiHHfl HopH, ysRia, RpH- 

BBIfl, HH3Rifl, RpaflHO CHpHfl, M0X0 OCB*meHHBIfl, HpH nOJEHOIfL OTCyT- 

CTBiH BeHTHJifliuH, ob aTMOc^epoB RpaSHe HacumeHHoil napaMH boabi, 

nopOXOBBIMT> AHMOMT» H BpepHMH maMH— H6 HOJIHBIMH OpOAyRTaHH TO- 
ptfflfl CBipoM He<j)TH BT> rJlHHBHBIXl MOHIRaX'B. IIpHXOAHTCfl pa60TaTB 

RHpROH), corHyBniHCB bt> TpH norHfiejiH h Aaate Jiexa Ha MORpoft nowb^. 
IIpHcoeAHHHTe rt> BTOMy njioxoe HMTaHie h CRBepHBia xuuiHn^a, h TorAa 
hoirho hohatb nojio»eHie pa6oqaro. He 6e3T>n HTepecHBi npHBOAHMua 

aBTOpOMl CB'feAtHiH 0 HpaBaXT, H 06BWaaXl>, RdRl> HMtK)IUHXT> 8Ha^e- 
Hie BT> CaHHTdpHOH'B OTHOUieniH (laJETdXOBOACTBO — HCRyCCTBeHHBIfl 60- 

JiOTa, taIv paGoTaioTB TaTapBi), o cyeBtpin h HapoAHOft MeAHi^HHt (jitie- 



Digitized by 



170 



8THOrPA0HHEOBOB OB03PBHIB. 



me «ct> rjia3a», saroBopu, aMyjiera h TajracMam*; saroTOBjemeMi no- 
cjitnHHxi saHHMaiOTCH no npewiymecTBy Myjwu), 061 yxoat sa poaeHH- 

Uefi, IICHXHICCRHMH 60JLBHHMH H T. ft. KpOM* TOrO IipHBOpTCH u$w& 

cnHGOR'L JitKapcTBeHHHxt BemecTBi. h oracaflie caMtixt HapoAHMXt 
MeTOROBi Jit^eHifl (20—25 CTp.). Bi> ocTajibHHxi, pyx* juaBaxt aB- 
Topt noApo6HO ocTauaBJuiBaeTCfi Ha xapaKxepHCTHKt ceja»CK0-Bpa4e6HoM 
qacra, ycjiOBiflxi Bpa*ie6Hofi A*flTeju>H0CTH, 0 uhcji* 6ojlhhxt> (sa Tpn 
rop 6bijdlo 10865 noctmemfl; hss> hhxt> 8232 m. h 2633 s., apMAHt — 
6727, TaTapt h RypAOBi— 3024 h ^pyrnxt HaitfoHaJMOCTeil— 1114 
Mel.; HaH6oJu>niee hhcjio 6ojh>hhxt> 6hjio ci> Majmpiefl h xojepofl— 2623 
qej.), caHHTapHOMt Haflaopt, mcahuhhcroM CTaTHCTHRt, BnHfleniflX'L 
h 9H«eMiflXT>. Kara ORasusaeTCH, ycjioBia Bpane6Hofl a^htcjibhocth Rpatae 
TpyffHH; BpaMt bt> ceaeHiH— HenpomeHNfi rocTt, h ohh bc?>nh ntpaMH 
dapaiOTCfl BHTHaTt H3t cejieHifl Bpaqa, 6oJU>Hue CRpuBaiOTca h t. n. 
3Haxapn noJii>3yH)TCfl hsb^cthoctbio, ho em h TaRin ceaeHifl, rA* rt> Bpaqy 
(«aRHMi> 6amH>) 6oju>HHe HAyrt maccaMH. flyMaeMT>, ito co BpeMe- 
HeMt h bt> rfcxt cejiemflxt npHBHRHyrL Kb Bpaqy h Sysyrb rt> Heaiy 06- 
pamaTbCfl. Toae Ha6jnoaajiocb npe»Ae u bi Hamnxt pyccRHXt ceaaxt, 
a Teneph BpaiH saBaJieHu paSoTOfi. 

Bt> 3aKJMOHeme bojukho oxm*™*, tto HasBaHHLifi 0Tqen> HeMaio 
3aRJH0Haen> HHTepecHBixt AanHuxi* 0 TaROMi yt3At 0 ROTopoin> hm*h)tch 
RpaHHe CRy«HLW CBt«tma. JKejiaTeJibHO, hto6h h npyrie Bpann coo6- 
majiH iioaoGhlih naHHUH, ROTopua 'BnocjitflCTBiH oRaxyrB HeMajOBax- 



fl. T. HeRuiTa6i: Ochobu rnrieHU ApeBHuro aipa. <MeAHUHHa> 

1895 r. Jft 7 1 11. Bt> HCTopiu BpeBHHXi* JUOAeit jo chxt, nopt eme 
ocTaeTca MHoro Hea3BtcTHaro h HeHscjrfcAOBaHHaro. Tome caMoe Ha6jao- 
AaexcH B'b o6jiacTH rarieHHqecRHXi BonpocoBi, 0 ROTopuxt, RdR7> ORasuBaeT- 
ch, HjpeBHieHapoAH yae hm^jih HtROTopoe noHHTie, h HaiaJiBHHRH nase 
HSAafiajH H3BtcTHMB npaBHjia fljifl coxpaHema xhshh h saopobba. MHoro 
bt> 3THxi npaBHJiaxi> ecu, h cipaHHaro, ho Messy hhmh mosho bctp*- 

THTb H TaRiH, ROTOpBIfl peROMeHgyiDTCfl H BT> HacTOfln^ee BpeMH. Afiiopi 

BLuneyRa3aHH0fi cTaxbH Raert RpaiRyio xapaRTepHCTHRy DOJioaeHifl nrieHH 
y pa3JiMHi>ix r b boctoihbix'L HapoflOBT*: y Kumauyee*) undtbuimb, nepcodh 
(3opoacTpi> 6ujh> nepBHM, yRasaBniiM na onacHOdb rjih HapoAHaro 3Apa- 
blh ovb 3arpfl3HeHin hombh npoAyRTaMH nrieHifl h otl 3arpH3HeHia boau, 
npoTeRaiomefi qpesi, rpH3Hyio nowy), eeunmanh, h HaROHeui y eepeeeb, 
(codaBJieHHHa MoHceeMi>).IIo mh^huo aBTOpa, caHHTapHo-rnrieHHiecRie sa- 

ROHH MOHCefl COBMtmaiOTL HCTHHHHfl OCHOBU C0ipaJM»HOfi H HHAHBHAyaJIb- 

Hofi 3RH3HH Bcero ^eaoBtqecTBa (ajih TorAaniHaro tipeMeHH?). Ha ocho- 
BaniH HsyneHifl rHrieHU AP^BHaxi, A-pt HefiuiTa6i> npHXOAHrt rt> saRJOQ- 
HeHiio, qTO rnrieHa pasBHBajiacb nocieneHHo: CHa^ajia 6oJite Hirrepeco- 
BajiHCB yperyjiHpoBaHieMT> ochobi HHpBHAyajiBHofi khshh qeJiOBtRa, 
3aTtMi> pa3pa6aTHBajiH Ha^ajia ceMefiHoft h, HaROflem>, o6me-rocyAap- 



HyH) ycjyry. 



fl. HUKQAMZUU. 




KPHTHKA H BHBJIOrPAGIH. 



171 



CTBeHHOS 3KH3HH HapOflOBl. Ho BOIipOCT*: R8R7> pa3pa6aTHBaJlHCb 8TH 0C- 

hobh, 8th npaBMa THTieHH? £ H—iu. 

KajieHAapb m nauTHaa khhwha ButcroR ry<$epmn Ha 1895 rojfr. 

Mbi yse o6pamajiH BHAMame Ha to, ito bi» H3AaBaeMiix , b KajieHfla- 
paxi ry6epHCKHxi> hah naMHTHUxi KHHasKaxi BdptqaiOTCH ivfcHHUH 
CTaTbH h o63opu no pa3JiH t iflUMT> BonpocaMi) MtcTHaro Kpaa. 3ntcb 

M05KHO BCTptTHTfc H H3CJltA0BaHifl BO CeJILCKO - X03flfiCTBeHHUMt BOBpO- 

cairc>, HapoRHOMy oOpasoBamio, Bpaqe6HOfi homohui, 6htobhmi>, 9tho- 
rpa$HqecKHin> h t. n. Bonpocain>. Kt coatajrfeHiK), bc*— hjih fiojituiaa 

laCTB — TaKHXT> CTaTefl OCTaiOTCfl H04TH HeH3BtCTHHMH am nySjIHKH, 

TaKt Rani noMtmaiOTCfl bt> Majio pacnpocTpaHeHHHXT> HB^aHiflxt. A MeasAy 
TfeMt ocTaBjflTt 6631 BHHMBHifl noAo6HHe TpyAH Heju>3A. BumeyRa3aH- 
hhB KajieHAapt BatcroB ry6epmH oco6eHHO BUAtaeica no ROJinqecTBy 

HHTepeCHHXl H BO MHOrOJTB nOy^HTBJILHBIX'B CTaTefi BO BTOpOMPL OTA*JTfc, 

noAt 3arjiaBieM^ «H3i> coBpeMeHHOfi kh3hh> , TpeTbeirb — «9THorpa<j>HqecRia 

CB*A*HiH> HHeTBepTOMl— cHCTOpHieCRifl CBtA*HW> .Bt> nepBOBTL H3*B9THXl 

ota*jiobi> noMtmeHi BecBMd o6cTOOTeJii>HHfi ofisopxMtponpiflTiftBflTCRaro 
3eMCTBa bt> o6aacTH cejiBCRaro xosaMcTBa aa 1892—93 r. (87—148 cip.). 
fit daTbt «RpaTRift (vraTHCTHqecRifi oiepRi BhtcroB ry6. 3a 1893 r.» 
crpynnnpoBaHti bc* HaH6ojrfce bhahhh npoflBjeHia »h3hh bt> Rpa*. 
TaRi, MeaAy npoiHin bhaho, hto npnpocTB Hacejiema 3a othcthmM roAt 
paBHHjicfl 1,517 0 > poiKAaeMOCTt paBHHiacb 5,1%, CMepraocTb 35%. 
IIoaapoBi 6hjio 4529, npHqHHHBHMX'B y6uTRa Ha 297 t. pyGjiefi. On> 
HacHjiiH h cjiyqafiHOCTefl yMepjiH 2044 qejoB. (raoro caMoy6iitcTBi— 117 
qeji.), H8i> hhxi» ovb iTLBHCTBa yMepjo 321 m. h 14 a. HHTepecHO 6mjio 
6h 3HaTB pacnpeA^enie CMepieM on> HLAHCTBa no HapoAHOCTH. MnccioHep- 
CRaa A*aiejiLHOCTb no o6pamemio bt> xpHCTiancTBO H3biqHHROB r b Biipaan- 
jtacL Bcero bi> 30 iojiob. flajite He 6e3i>HHTepecHa ciaTta M. K. CejiH- 
BaHOBCRaro ^airfcTHH 06% Oniy hihhhcrhx'l ropHwxt 3aB0Aaxi> II . A. 
UacTyxoBt", bt> ROTopofl, noMHMO onHcama $a6pHin>, npoM3BOACTBa, ro- 
jinqecTBa BHpaSaTHBaeMHX'B H3A*Jiifl k t. a>, AaeTca xapaRTepncTHRa 
Mtcraaro Hacejienifl (npaBOCJiaBHUXi» h pacRoaLHHROBi, 20^ ctdA hxt> 
HpaBH h oSbinaH. KpaTRia CB*A*Hifl coo6maH)Tca o BOTflRaxx (211) bt> 
aTHorpa^HqecROMi oTAtJ*, b*b HHTepecHoM CTaTLt H. II. IIlTeflH^ejiLAa 
« BecepMflae — Ohhtl 9THorpa$HHecRaro H3CJtA0BaHifl> (220 — 260) h r. 
BacHeuoBa — n MaiepiaJiu a^h o6i>acHHTejiLHaro ofijiacTHaro cjiOBapa bht- 
CRaro roBopa* (c-l 6yRBU H). Bt> HCTopHMecROMi OTAtat noMtmeHM 
CTaTbH: A. C. B— Ha— 3aM*qaTCJibHHe, ho 3a6brriae BflTqane: 1 BoeBOAa 
BacniB H)pbeBT> (XV b.);2). T. h E. Mbptbahobh (XVI b.); 3) 11. A. 
CyxoBa (XVI b.); 4) H. Ulejoin* (XVI b.J. Ero ae— «YqeHHB khrho- 
pyceux Ha BaTRt b% XVIII b.i (rihctopih BaTCROit AyxoBHofl ceMHHa- 

EiH). CTaTbH I. RpoTOBa RacaeTca ropoAa KoTejbHHqa (RoRiuepa hjih 
ioRHiapoBi), npHHaAJieiKamaro rt» qHCjy ApeBHtflniHX'b ropoAOB*b Bht- 
croB ry6epniH (322 CTp.). DocjitAHflfl CTaTbH HMten* Oojite 3HaiemH 
Ajih HCTopHRa h apxeojora. ^ H—tiH 



Digitized by 



Googl 



HtyPHA/lbl n FA3ETW. 

EorocJidBCKiH BtCTHHKv 1896. flHBapb. Cepciu (apxHMannp.). Ha 
flaJiLHeMt boctok*. (IlHCBMa anoHCKaro MHccioHepa). — floAeanaeai, E. 2?., 
CoBpeMeiraafl A6HccHirifl. OOmeciBeHHtifi GTpoM, 3aHATia, o6pasi> xh3hh 

H HpaBBI. 

BapiuaBCKifl Fy6. BtA- 1895. — 33. 3aMtTRa, co cjobi <Kurjera 
Warsz>. o Haxop* bt> aeMJit ypHH d nepesKeHHHMH bocthmh bt> 
HMtHiH Boj* Cy$qHHCEoM, tmbu Roji6ejiL, HoBOMHHCKaro y., Ha«t p. 
Cbhapobtl, Ha OTRpuToB njomaAH, ta* npea^e Shjtb h xojurt, BipoaTHO 

OCTaTOKt MQrHJILHOfi HaCNIIH. YpHa CB KptlDIKOft H HOACTaBROM CtpOBaTO- 

RpacHaro UBtoa, H3i» Heo6jiHXofi tjihhu cl npHMtctio RBapua, yRpameH- 
naa 8-K) BunyRJiuMH mHnieqHaMH, ct> opHaMeHTOMt h3T> iepTOieRT> Mexffy 
hhmh. HafiAena Ha raySnHt orojio apnitma. HHRaRHXi asAtJiifl, hh yRpa- 
memfi bt> HeM He 6mo. MtcraocTB sacjiyxHBaerL Toro, <ito6h 6biTb 

H3CJltA0BaHH0k). 

BapiuaBCKifl YHNBepcMTeTCKifl H3BtcTifl. — 1895. — I. leonmoeunb, 
6. H. HaitfoHajiLHHft Bonpoct Bt npeBHeil Poccin. (oroh*.). — V. 
Eeo we, HaHCRiM flBopx bi jiHTOBCRO-pyccROMt rocyAapcTBt. — Iiapcfsiu, 
A. E. Othctl o Haywuxt 3aHHTiflXT> bi 6n6jiiOTeRaxx.— MuzauAoet, 
A. jB., 06mifi o63opi> cocTaBa, peAaRoifi h JLHTepaTypmixi hcto^hhrob* 
TojiROBOfi Hajiea.— VIII, Ifribtnaeeb, ft. B. HcTopia MocrobcroA RanMiiH 
Bt BapniaB* (h3i anoxn IHyficRHXi). 

Bo/iUHCKifl Enapx. BtA. 1895. HcTopHRO-CTaTHCTH^ecRoe n araorpa- 
<J>ircecRoe onucaHie i^epRBeft h npHXOAOBi BojihhcroA ry6.: OrapoROH- 
ci aHTHHOBCRifl yt3Ai> (bo Bctxt JTsJfg) . — IIopHHHOCTb eBaHrejiiit H $HJIO- 
co$h A3mecRie bt> nepBue qerape BtRa xpHCTiaHCTBa (cTp. 891, 945, 
980, 1019). — H. TeodopoeuHb: TpH noAJiHHHHfl 3aBtmaHja ABopaHi* 
floManieBCRHXt HoqaeBCROMy MOHacrapio 1649 r., .1659 h 1665 roAa 
(dp. 572 h 606). — Eeo we: HHBeHTapfc h ABa AORyMeHTa npearaaro 
KojoAeiKeHCRaro MOHadupa (r/rp. 728, 770). — PyRonncHua eBaHrejda 
BojoiHCRaro enapxiajtHaro AP^BJie-xpaHHjMma (hctophro- AiaJieRTOJiorH- 
uecRie oqepRa), F. KpwotcaHoecKaeo (262, 297, 327, 370, 413, 452, 
484, 516). -UOCTH BT> HOJIBUlt CT> IX AO nOJIOBHHH XII b. (dp. 399). 

BtdHHR-b EBponu. 1895. Man. Tepnept, 0. J 1 ., 06mecTBeHHoe Ma- 
AtHie h qacTHaa co6cTBeHHOCTB. I — II. — Iiohb. Eeo one (ORORHaHie. III). 
Iiojib. Bi> xpoHHRt OT3HBT, Ha rh.1 E. A. Etbjioeb, PyccRaa HCTopia 
AO pe<j)6pMu Ileipa BejiHRaro. Cn6. 1895.— TaMi Ke Ha rh.: «nanaTH 
o r ma coBpeaieHHofi neAaroria fl. A. KoMeHCRaro>, H3A. MapmHOBa. — 
Asrycrb. Ulmeecm, A., U3t XB3HH A^peBHM h MOJOAoro ea noROJitHia 
(OqepRH.— I. HtniROMt bt> Mypon. — II. Jltraia 3anaTia npa A6jioh- 
CROfi HiROJit bi 1894 r.).— Ufenombee*, PyccRaa A^peBHa bt> A3iaT- 
croH TypuiH. — CoKOAoocKiu, H., MH3a h AepeBHa (OqepRH h Ha6jio- 



Digitized by 



SYPHAJIU H TA3BTU. 



neHin). — CeitTfltipb. nomefax, A., Jfemrb h napoAHOCTb (ct3TI»h, bo3- 
CTaHOBJieHHafl no qepHOBHin, 6yMaraMi> noROttaaro npo$eccopa). — IIo- 
AXHoecidu, 3.,flajn»Hifl boctoitb h Hame ero HayqeHie.— Mapycum, G\, 
Bt> cTenaxt h npe«ropiHXT> AjrraH. DlaTyHH (h3t> HapoAHaro 6MTa). — 
Oimitfpb. E—na, (7., OpamiyscRaa AepeBHa. dRCRypcin. I— VII.— 0t3hbt> 
Ha ^BejiHKopyccRia HapopHH n*CHH a , noAt pe«. A. H. CoSojieBCRaro. — 
Hosrfpb. 77— «a, C, OpaHuy3CRaa«epeBHfl. dRCRypcin. VIII — IX. (Orohh.). — 
CaohumckM, HoBHa noraiTRH bt> ofiaacxH Hayraoft HCTopin („CoaiojiorH- 
qecKia ochobh HCTopiH a , II. JIaR0M6a). — 0t3hbi A. 77., o rh. <0ipa3H- 
T6jn»H06 nacaHie o HOBOH3o6p1>TeHHOM r B nyra caMoy6ificTBeHHHXT> cMepxefl. 
Bhobb HafiA6HHii8 cTapoo6pflB^ecRiM TpaRTarL npoTHBt caHocosxeHia, 
16§1 rofla. CooOmenie Xpueantfa Jlonapeea. Cn6. 1895. (IlaMHTHHRH 
upeBH. nHCKMeH. G VIII).— 0t3Hbt> T. o tllporpaMMaxt AOMamH. mma*. 
Ha«. 3-e. .M. 1895 r. 

AyxoBHuH BtcTHHRi rpys. 9R3apxaTa. 1895. 14 .H3trpy3HHCRHXT>po- 
pflHCRHXi> aRTOBt, A. Xaxanoea. — 1*9, 20. BojtfiflcRift MOHacrapb cb. Hhhh. 

HtypHajrb Mnh. Hap. IlpocB 1895.— Anptjib. — Aunajioeb, fl. B., 
Mo3aHRH IV h V B^KOBt . — PootcKOffb , 77. A., IIoboah rt» Ha<iajiy npo- 
uecca no PyccRofl IIpaBA*. — BAafhmipoei,, II. 7?.,BBeneHie bt> HCTopiio 
pyccRofl cjiOBecHOCTH (npoA.)-— QuAeeum, 77. 7/., (hepHt KapnaTCRoH 
TeppnTopiH h HacejieHia. KpHTHRa: Mumnno, 6. r., Co6paHie coih- 
neuifi M. C. KyToprn. T. I. Cn6. 1894.; A. III., JleRijiH no cjiaBaa- 
GROMy fl3BiR03HaniH) TnHoeea OjtopimcRaro. T. I. KieBi>. 1895 r.; 77b- 
eodum, A. J., HtCROJitRO saMt^aHifl o HapoAHOfi MeAHiunrfe. — Bt> OTAtat 
Rjiaccira. $hjoji.: Sumcm*, A. 0., JlereHAa o phmchhxt> uapaxt (IIpo- 
AOJiaeHie, cm. TaRate Malt, cem. — fl6K.). H^- — flhmouoeh, JH. A., 

IIOJIOBtiHRH nOMOpCRHXt yfeAOBt BT> XV H XVII BtRaxi*. — EodySKb de- 

Kypmens, PoMyaAuk, 3anncRH JIbBOBCRaro anreRapa o co6mtwxt> 1606 r. 
bt> Mocrb*. — PootcdccmeeucKiu, C. J?., Hat HCTopin ceRyjiapraauiH 

MOHaCTHpCRHXT* BOT^HHT* Ha PyCH BT> XVI B*R*. — C06OM6CKIU, A.M., 

3aM*TRH no cjiaBAHCRofl rpaMMaraRt. — AUnajKm, ft. B., Mo3anKH IV 
h V BtROBi (npoA.). — <PuAeeiMb, Oiepnt KapnaTCROfl TeppirropiH h 
HacejcHia (npoA.)- Pydanoet, B., BacMiM BacHjibeBHHi KpecTHHHHt 
(m*cthh8 HCTopHRi /Jbhhcro* 3eMJiH, ADxaHrejioropoACRifl MtmaHMi; 
no noBOAy lOO-JitTia co aha ero CMepTH). — BeceAovcKiit, A. H., Mo- 
jHTBa cb. Chchhw h Bep3HJi0B0 rojio. — KpHTHRa: A. K., MaRCHMi> Ro- 
BajieBCRiH, npoHcxo»ACHie coapeMeHHofl A^MORpaTiH. T. I. M. 1895. — 
KpaweHHUKoeh, M. 77., 9raorpa<|>H4ecRie 8tk>ah, m. Ill, npoA. cm. 
horn.. — lioHb. Modecmom, B. 77., ^peBHtMmifi nepioAi» PHMa.— Bjiadu- 
Mipoeh, 77. J5., BBeAeHie bt, HCTopiH) pyccRofi cjiOBecHOCTH (npoA-). — 
Mappb H. HepcHACRafl HauioHajiLHaa TeHAeHuia vb rpy3HHCR0M r b 
AMHpaHAapeA»aHiaHH tt .— leoHtnoeim, 6. 77., CocjiobhuH THni> TeppHTO- 
piajibHO-apHHHCTpaTHBHaro cocTaBa jiHTOBCRaro rocyAapcTBa h ero 
npniHHH. — KyAanoecKiu, 77. A., IIaBejrb-IocH<{n> IIIa^apHR^. — KpHTHRa: 
31. IIo3dwbesi y KHTatt. OnepRH fl. B. HyTHTU. Cn6, 1895.-77^6- 



Digitized by 




174 % 9TH OrPAQHH BCROE OBOBPfcHIE. 



i 



cHfiKoet, A. 2?.,Hobbih jaHHHfl pa nzyiem mocrobcrhxt, jtxoiiHCHHXi. 
CBOROBt. — XoAodnnKb, H. H. y 9nHrpa$inecKW samIhrh. — Hunrniadu, 

A. B. TjiHnojieMX ApTanaTOBi» JlHRiiteRiil. — liojb. Jleonmoeum^ 6. If., 

CoCJIOBHHfl THM> H npOH. (0R0H*i.) — AuHOAOffb, fl. i?., M03aHKH IV H 

V b. (OKOBra.). — flejiewnopcfdu, 6. H. y RpHTHRO-6H6jiiorpa<|HrcecRifi 
o63opi> ApeBRepyccRHxii CRa3amfi o ^jiopeHiiMcRott yHiH. — RpHTHRa: 
Co6oMdCKiu, A. H., OnepRH Hat anxepaTypHOfi HCTopin Chhoahr&, 
E. B. HtTyxoBa. Cn6. 1895 ; Miuucpb^ B. 6., CfiopHHKt MaT. ajm 
onHC. Mtcra. h MeM. SaBRa3a. Bun. XYIII, XIX, XX. Th^je. 1893; 
M6a6CKiu, M. Ha^ajifcHafl Hdopia MaaopyccRaro nasaiecTBa. Ki> 
Bonpocy o Rasa^ecTB* cb EorAaHa XMGJU»HHiJtRaro, H. RaMaHHHa; Cu- 
noecniu, B. CnjiLBecTpT, MeptABBi. (taepRT> kst HCTopin pyccRiro 
npocBtmenia h o6mecTBeHHOft mmm bi> ROHivfc XYII b. KieBt. 1894. 
HBaHa Ro3JiDBCRaro; Eyjium, G. A\, 3aMtqamfl Ha <3antTRH no cia- 
BAHCROft rpaMMaTHRfo , npo$. Co6ojieBCRaro.- HeRpojiorn: H. H. Byjuni* 
h fl. A. PoBHHCRifi.— AerycT-b. Apdatuen,, H. H. y Bonpocb o noMtCT- 
hoitb ctoji* Bt CBH3H ct noseMejibHofi fltflTeJUbHOCTLH) PaspaAa.— Tuzo- 
Mupoei, K A., 06o3p*Hie cocTaBa mocrobcrhxx JitTonHCHHXi cboaobi 
1425 —1533 roAOBi.— KpnTHRa: Poofcdecmecncfdi4 y C. B. y H. II. Jlnxa- 
ieB?>, GGopHHRik aKT0BT>, co6paHHHXi» bi apxHBaxt h OnSjiiOTeKaxt. 
Bun: I. AyxoBH. h croBopHMa rpaMOTu. Bun. II. rpaMora npaBtia. 
Cn6. 1895. — CeHTn6pb. RpHTHRa: Kuamuko^ CjiOBapt pyccRaro H3HRa, 
codaBJieHHuft BTopHMt OTfltJiemeMt HunepaTOpcRoft ARaAeiriH HayRi>. 
Bun. III. fla— Aa, Cn6. 1895.— fflumewd& % H. Rt> Bonpocy o6t» 
yHiH h KmHO-pyccRHxi nponoBtpHRaxi. (/J-p*L Ib. OpaHRO, iBaH Bh- 
meHBCRift h ero TBopn. JIbbobi. 1895) — OKTfltipb. Andpeeffb, B. 0., 
3HaMeHaT6Jii>uua h cjiyaeSnua csoBa b-l pyccnofi fimi.—KypdunoecKiu, 

B. H., Ty6Hua yqpeasAema MocROBCRaro rocyAapcTBa.— KpnTHRa: Mau- 
noffh, Jl. BejiHRopyccRia HapoAHua ntcHH. M3A. npo$. A. H. Co6o- 
jieBCKHMi). Tomt> I. Cn6. 1895 T.—Co6ojie6CKiu, A Hb. SKaahob'l, 
PyccRift 6ujieBofi anocB. Hscji-feAOBama h MaiepiajiH. I— V. Cn6. 1895. — 
TiixoMupoeb, H. A, II. B. TojiY6oBCRift, Hdopia CMOJieHCKOfl seMJiH ao 
Ha^ajia XV CTOJitiia. RieBX, 1895. — Eopomnoeb, H. A., RaMHmria 
H3AaHia npaBocjiaBHaro MnccioHepcRaro o6mecTBa. — Hositfpb. OAt>det<6yp&>, 

C. 0 , IlepBufi noJifflbiH nepeBOA^ IlaJiificRaro c6opHHRa AaaTaRT*. — 
MiiAAepz, B. 0., Kx SujiHiit o CoJiOBbt ByAHMHpoBH^t. — RpHTHRa: 
llo3dH)be6h, A. 3L, Eme rt> Bonpocy o nocjitAHnxi HBAaniaxx npaBO- 
cjaBHaro MHecioHepcRaro oSqecTBa Ha RajMHUROMt a3URt.— Jlammueet, 
B. J?., 9nnrpa$iwecRia saMtTRH. — A^Kafipb. BcceAoecmu, A. J5T., H3T> 
MCTopin 9nHTeTa.— Xaxanoeb* A. C, rpysHHCRift n09TT> XII b. IDoTa 
PycTaBejiH h ero noaMa cBapcoBa Koaa>. — KypdunoecKiu^ B. H., 
Ty6HHa yqpejKAema MocROBCRaro rocyAapcTBa (oroot.) — RpHTHRa: 
jlanno-flamiAetiCKiu, A. C, A. H. HHRHTCRifl, Hcropia SROHOiffHHe- 
CRaro 6HTa BemRaro HoBropoAa — Bi»ota. RJiacc. $hji. Novossadsky, N., 
Art papyrum maricam bihliothecae parisinae nationalis adnotatio- 
nes palaeographicae. 



Digitized by 




HfyPHAJhi H rABBTbl. 



175 



3anncKH Hiin. XapbKOBcuaro yHNBepcMTeTa. Kh. l-n. — Cmonuoeh, 
A. 3anaTKH lopiipqecKHXi h nojiHTHqecKflxi y^pea^emfl y nepBoSur- 
muTb HapoflOBi. — Km. 2-fi.— EleneAeeuw,, JI. i©., KyjjpyHa. — Eemy- 
wtua, E. 2?., (heprb phmcrhxt* rocyppcTBeHHHXt ApeBHoe/refl — 
B*3ueuHh, A. C, 3aMtTKH no HCTopin nojieMHqecRofi jnrrepaTypH 
XI BtKa. — Kh. 3-i. Cmomoei, A. E. y YrojiOBHOe npaBO Pima 
on> upeBHtflniHxx BpeMeffB ao H)cTHHiaHa BKJiioiHTejiBHO . — HetnyiuuAb , 
E. i?., OiepRt phmckhxT) rocynapcTBeHHHxi HpeBHOdefl. — v KpHTHKa: 
CyMuoeb, E. Q., M. E. XajiaHCRifi, IOxho • caaBflHCKia CKa3aHia o 
Kpajiesint Mapnt. 1895.— Jltoonacb XaptR. ymBepcHTeTa: Qvterb o 
HHcnyT* M. E. XajiaHCKaro. 

MBepifl. 1895. — 109. Hhcbmo uapnou Mapin rt> HMnepaTopy AaeR- 
caHflpy I bo BpeMH nepecejiema h3t> Tallica bt> BopoHeast (nepeBOAT> 
cb pyccKaro). — 110, 176, 181, 182, 183, 184, 188, 203, 219, 294. 
Apapa (CBtfltHia o nepexoflt Hacejiemfl aiofi oSjwcth bt> HCJiairb). 3. J I— 

116. 06t HMeHH napmjH TaMapu. F. Cad3aecAoeb — EoepheeAu.—WS, 

117, 122, 179. Bi> flaBHftO-rapepuficRoH nycraHH. U. EpAtiAoeAu*- 119. 
129, 152, 154. CicasaHifl TyniHffB o6i> HpaRJiin II. Ee. EynypayAu — 



126, 130, 139, 141, 152, 155, 156, 160, 165, 172, 177. Ilepe- 



xor* bt> MycyjiBMancTBO HacejeHifl KapccRott h Ko6yjieTCROfl oC^acTH. 
3. ¥.—146—7. OuapFmt TaMapt, CRa3ame, 3anacaHHoe bt> HMepxeBH. 
3. Z L— 157. Pa3pymeHie aepRBH wh Xyao. 3. ¥.—159, 1172. HauiH 
HCTop^ecRie naMflTHHRH h hxt> cyAi»6a, CesincHHUKa — 160. OpHccRaa 
uiROJia. A. XaxanaumiAU. — 162, 163, Hepcin h ApeBHflB rpy3ifl. E. 
tt—d?e. — 190. XpHCia Hmy! (CRa3Ra). Fpymm eh Ocemiu. —223. 
Bh6ji. A. Xaxanoeh. Tpy3. pyRonHCH PyMHHijOBCRaro My3ea. — 256, 
265, 267. HyTeBHfl saMtTRH Ea. Aaxo3wu6uaii (Hapopua npeflCTaB- 
jieHifl o maHeiaxi). 

KeBKaa-b. 1895. 147. Ott> AjieRcaHflponojifl no Kapca. B. Ep—adu. — 
155. Aftcopi* Oram. 2>cp,a.— 162, 163. TpeCeHma BintCHaxt. E.E.— 
169. 06t» opomeHiH BocTO<raaro 3aRaBRa3Bfl. A. Eampoeeb. — 175. 
Bh6ji.: Ohmtl H3y^ema TypReciaHCRaro Rpaa. H. flaHrejiBniTe«Ta. Cn6. 
— 1895. 160. Eh6jl: A. XaxaHOBi: OiepRH no hctomh rpy3. caoBecH. 
165. — Bh6ji. : Cb*tjob'l. KaBRascRifl JiereHflH. Cn6. 1895. A. Xax — oai. 
176. H3t nyiemecTBifi IIoTaHiiHOfi no Bocto^hoS ChGhph. A. Xax—oeb. 
175, 176. Hat nyTeBHXX sanncoRT*. K. CmammecKiu. — 185. Kb 
Bonpocy o6i oponieHin KaxeriH. A. Eampocoi. — 217, 3anpeTHwfl ne- 
pio^'b BpeMeHH no p. Kypt. — 218, 219. BocnoMHHaHia o6t> HhaIh. 
K. CmamnovcKiu.— 230. 317, 319. Bi> ropaxi* flareciaHa. AAuxanoeb- 
AvapcKiu. — 259. 3h3MH Asari-xaHa. Ea. Xohpau. — 281. H)6HJieft 
rh. P. ^. 9pncT0Ba. — 291. Bh6ji. Reise nach Innerarabien, Kur- 
distan uud Armenien. 1893. Von baron Eduard Nolde. Braunschweic:. 
1895. E. 3.— 1896 r. 1 Bh6ji.: t3eiuieBtfltHiei, rh. I. 1895 roaa. 
A. Xax— cm. — 4. Kb SO-JitTHeiiy x)6MeK> ras. cKaBRaai*.— 5. nyTenie- 
CTBie aRafl. flopHa Ha KaBRa3i> h MasaHApaHi. 3aMtTRa A. Xax—o<ta. 




176 



9THOrPA0HHECKOK OBOSPfsHIB. 



KastfeKi (ra3eia). 1895 r. — I. RasSeKi, RdR?> ueRTpi MHeojioriH 

H CBflTHHfl Ty3em6Bl>. EepKytn*.— 9.10. 06% OCeTHHCKOfl EHCBMeHHOCTH . 

Vanno £.—10. Eh6ji.: HapapffB. KaBKasCKifl KpaS. A. Xax~oea. 

KnprH3CHafl CTenHan TaseTa. 37. Ri> Bonpocy o KHprnscKOMt Ha- 
popoMi o6pa30BaHiH. 38, 39, 40. C. ApmeMenKo. 0 Ha c jrfepTBe hhobtb 
3eMjenoJM>30BaHiH y KflpmsoBt. 40. P. ^touceMoaedi. Cnoco6ii h npieMH 
Toprameft r*b o6npaHiio KnprnsoBt. 46: 0. Aihdofcaweb. y^pespme 
RHprH3CRHXT> niROJTL.— H. M. 0 cypnpoH3BopTBt bi cTenHHXi ofijia- 
CTaxi.— M. T. 3eMJiefttjrie bt> KnTat. 48. 0. AAhdotcanoei. 0 cyeBtp- 

HUXt 06pflpXl> y RHprH30Bl> BO BpeMfl 9nH300Tifl. 

KHuroBtAtme, Effiearfccflmifl 6H6jiiorpa$MecRifi sypHajrt (cl hjuuo- 
CTpauiaMH). To^t 2-ft. 1895 —1. Bt» npiuroaseHiaxx naH6oa*e HHTepeceHt 
codaBJieHflHtt A. Topoiwema «CnHCORT> Tpy/jOBi pyccRHXt McaTeJiefi* 
(H. H. BaHTHnn>-KaMeHCRaro, 0. n. A«eJiyHra h Ap.) h npojtoiscme 
(jihctl 4-ft) cnHCRa Jf. H3btmea: cPyccRie nHcaTejuH h nHcaTeaL- 
hhu&i, yMepinie bt> 1888 r.». To h npyroe, bt» BHjjy cymecTBOBaBnrax'L 
h cymecTByiomHXi npo8RTOBi> H3pTL cjiOBapt nHcaTejiefl-aTHorpa^OBi., 
MOKen» 6htl npHropiiMi>, TaR*L RaRi> b'l yRa3aHHHXT> cnHCKaxT* BCTpt- 
qaiOTca h jraija, HMtBinia oTHOiueme r*l 9raorpa<j)iH. — 2. B'L npHJioae- 
Hiflx , L«npoAOJi3KeH r b cnncoRi A. Toponoea. KpoMt Toro, paHtuie noirfc- 
meHO n OnHcame ptpHXX rhhpb* (K. LI. Medonch nr. VucmoKMhmoea). — 
3. HpHJioJKeHifl nocBameHU nouTH hcrjikhhtcjibho cIIaMflTH A. 0. Cmhp- 
pna> (leTupe cTan>H). — Bt xpoHHR* yjtjeHO Mtcro «0epB0fi BCepoc- 
ciflcRofi BHCTaBR* neiaTHaro fl*Jia>. — 4— 5. Bt» npHJioKemaxi 5 men* 
cnncRa fl. fl. ,fl3WR0Ba (cm. jib 1). — 6— 8 (12 pRa6pa). K. Medoncb, 
PtpocTH h3T> RHHroxpairajiHma R. n. MepRCb. XY1II BiRi. 
Ilium, rop. YrjiH^x bo BTopofi hojiobbh* npomjiaro CTOJitTin. Horop.- 
6ii6jiiorpa<j)Hq. CTan>fl.— Rpoirfc BHiueyRa3aHHaro HaTepiajia, bo Bctxi 8-mh 
RHHraxi xypnajia HeH3M*HH0 BepTcaccnHCORt bhobb BHnieRinHXt rhhtli, 
coo6maK)Tca pa3JUHHHfl npaBHT. pacnopajReHia, H3BtcTia h3*b npoBHHuiM 
h t n. ; coficTBeHHO dTort nocjrfcpifl MaTepiajn* h cocTaBJiaerL rjaBHyio 
UtHflocTt HSuaBaeMUxi TpyflOBi> MocROBCRaro 6H6jiiorpa$HHecRaro RpyasRa. 

KytfaHCKia B^aomocth 1895 r., 275. 25-JitTie KySaHCKofl ywrejB- 
cRofi ceMHHapiH. — 276, 277. Hapopoe o6pa30BaHie Bt RySaHCROft oSjiscth. 

yiwcTOK-b Th3A. m YHrBapt, Ha YropniMHt). — 1894. — CnHnicRoe 
euHCRoncTBO (dp. 4, 16, 27, 76, 101, 110.). — IJepROBB RomcRaa 
(dp. 18, 77, 85, 103, 112, 135), aSHccHHCRaa (CTp. 136, 148, 
160, 169, 176, 200, 211), rpeRO-BOCTO<maa (234, 257,269,278).— 
Apna^t h YrpH (253, 265). — (hepRH yrpo-pyccRoft HHCbMCHHocTH 
(5, 247, 259, 269).— DacxajiHiafl hoii> bi Majiopoccin (86).— 1895.— 
/jHRapt n o6e3BaHonop6HHB nepBoSHTHUfl qeJiOBtRt (dp. 157, 169, 
181, 195, 211, 221, 231, 245, 255, — RjiepHRajBHHfl BoapajRema 
npoTHBi Teopin flapBHHa). — Apnaflt n YrpH (bo Beta* — Rh- 

pHMHija hjh jiaraHHaa? (55, 64, 75).— H3CJitpBaHia Ojia^a Bpoxa 0 

MaJIOpyCCKOMt H3URt B'L YropmHHt (dp. 114 — 115, — CTaTLH B'L 




JKYPHAJIM H rA3ETbl. 



177 



Arch, ftir slav. Philol.). — c^OAaTOK-b ao AncTKa> 1895 r. Bi npa- 
xaxx (H*KOTopHfl cyeBtpia o nocHA*Jreaxx, cip. 161 J.— Slwb 0Tnpa3jj- 
HOBajn> HBaHi> HaOyjiaK'B cb. Beiept h PoKRecTBO (cip. 177). 

JIOMWNHCKifl T. B. 1895. — 51, 52. Iheaa h Mefli bt> JnereH«axi> h 
noasiH. (IIpaB. B., 157). 

Mi4KencH (HacTHpt) 1895.— 16— 19. Stone cb. IoaHHa 3ena3Hift- 
CKaro.— 18, 19. npoaroHapopbie o6brean, CBjreaHHHe ci xpncTiaHCRHMT> 
npa3HH0BaHieMT> cb. AHjjpea h ERaTepHHH. 

HoBoe 06o3ptHie. 1895. 3924, 3928, 3937. TaTapcKia KOMeflin. 
<P. KoHctpAy — 3954. Oot occthhckoH nuctMeHHOCTH. Mcuai — 3963. 
Enje oSx oceTHH. aji^aBiirfc. Mukojci. — 3976. En6.: Peiuio. 3eMJifl. 
-4. — <?<?&.— 3990 06qecTBeHHHe nepejrfcjibi 3eMJiH. A. AeaGafioei — 
3998. IlepBoe 3HaK0MCTB0 ct> Ro6yjieTuaMH. 31—4003. MycyjitMancKaa 
JiHTepaiypa bi> Th^jihc*. Be3upoeo.—4G6Q, 4062. Ho noBOfly H)6iuiea 
kh. r. |[. 9pHCT0Ba.— 4115. 0 noJioatemH ateHiuHHt h BOCiraTamH ntTefl 
y MycyjibMairL. — 4132. Eh6ji.: «9THorpa<j)Hi. 06o3ptHie>, rh. Jfe 4. 
A. Xax — osa. 

OpeittiyprcKifl Tytf. B*a- 1895. 33. Eteejia h Meai bt> jiereHjjax'b Hno33in. 

(lacTbiptr (Ha pycc. A3.). 21, 22. OimoaHie TejiaicKaro eBanreaia. — 
23, 24. docjitpiM ann30AT> 6opt6M Tpysia ct» MycyjitManaMH. 

nepMCKifi Ty6. BtA. 1895. III. cBhobb oTRpbnaa 3eMjia> (Rammi- 
homt> HopBeas. RHTOJOBflaro cypa JlapceHOMi, Ha H). orb $ajn>RjiaHACRHXi> 
o — bobt>).— 114. cCa6aHTyfi bt> 6aiiiRHpcKufl «epeBHt> (Hrpa, cocTOHinaa 
bt> kohckhxT) 6traxi, OopbSt h np.). — fliiHbKo. r Ha frfcjiOR'b". Ete'b 
BOcnoMHHamfl o ch6hpcro8 asH3HH.- 117. HeRpojion> A. B. EjiHcteBa. — 
120. 3aarfcTRa o 6ojrfe3HH A. B. EjiHcteBa.— HfleajTb jKeHCROft RpacoTti 
y unoHiieB'L h RHTafiueBt. — 124. 3aM*TRa o fiorocJiyatemH bt> RonTCRofi 
npaBOCJiaBHOfi aepKBH (jm> cPyc. CjiOBa*). — 126. OcTpoB-b OopM03a. 
(reorp. oiepra nd% „IIpaB. B. cc Jfstfs: 103 h 460).— 133. IIhclmo r. 

JlHTRHHa BT> <H0B0e BpeMH> 0 Mtcrfc npOCB^THTeJIBHOM AtflTeJEBHOCTH 

cb. de^aHa IlepMCRaro (3upaHe btb npeflfcjiax'b HbratniHefl IlepMORoft 
ry6. (RaMCKie) npiraajiii xpnoriaHCTBO orb en. Iohh B r b 1462—63 rr., 
CTe$aHOMi> me npocB'kmeHu 3HpaHe BbrieroflCRO-cHcojibCRie, t. e. bt» 
npeflluiax'b BoJioroACROfl ry6.).— 134, 159, 182. Hanaeeh. 3aM*TRH o 
nepMCROM r L RJiiiMarfe. — 137. HsBtoie oo^ aRcnepiuH pa co6Hpania 
pyc. HapoAHMXi> ntceHtqjieHaH.P. TeorpaiJ). 0— Ba 0.M.HcTOMiiHa.(H3i> 
«Bhpjb. Btft.*). — 144, 145, n A6HCCHHia>. — 145. Henpojiorb M. Q. 
flparoMaHOBa. — 149. 9Rcnejumifl JleoHTteBa bi. Aohcchhuo (^O^eccR. 
JIhct.>). — 150. A6nccHHCRafl uepROBb.— 155. PeueHaia na onepKH «-pa 
A B. EjincteBa „IIo ofejy CBtTy^.— 162. <3aHt4aTeju>uafl apxeojior. 
HaxoARa* (HeRponojib m> ApeBHHXt CHpaKy3ax'i>).— 9KcneHHiua r^ ctB. 
nojuocy Ha B03uyuiH0M r i> uiapt (h3t> c)Iocr. Bf»A.»).— 168. IIpaBOCJiaBie 
wb Unonhi. — 170. H3B^cTie o 3Haxapt, H3roHBBuieMi 3Jioro Ayxa H3i» 
JKeHiUHHH bi> EaHCBCROMTj y*3A r fe (^KieBj. fa ).— 172. ToproBJia HeBOJib- 
HHRaMH B r b BocTGUHOfi A^pHR*. — BtpoBaHie cianmeB'b. — 173. <lhejia h 



JTUOn«A«H^ECKOE OBOJPftHIfl. XXVII. 



12 




\ 



178 



9TH0rPA4>UHECK0B OBOBPfeHlB. 



iieAi bi jiereHflaxi* h no93in a (coct. Meany npoq. Ha ocHOBamH cohh- 
HeHifl cDe apium mellisque apud veteres sismificatione mythologica 
et symbolical. Berlin. 1893).— flMHTpoBCKafl Caiuna HnKeropo^CKaro 
KpeMJia (HCTopii^. cnpaBRa mh „UpaB. BtcTH.>).— 174. „reorpa$Hq. 
OTKpMiia bt> Trxom-b OKeaHt 80 jl*tt> TOMy HasaATb."— PasBaMHH ApeB- 
Haro ropona (HoraitcKaro, 6mvb r. y<j>bi; npHBejieHH HannncH na Morn- „ 
jiaxt 6ojirapcRHX , L, HoraficKHXi* h AP- bt> toA ate m*cthocth). — 176. 
^IleiuTCKaa asH3HL a . — 179. Bosnian RpecTbflHCRaa ceMta (apTejtHaa 
<J>opMa ceMeflHaro ycTpoficTBa bt> BopoHea. ry6. Hhsh6a^bhur. y.). — 
183, 184. CaffneHKo. n Bt flRyrax'b" — AopoxHHfl saiitTKH. — 185. Ha- 
xoffKa HejiOBt^ecKHxi ROdeft Birfccrfe ct> hoctamh MaMoma bt> MopaBin.— 
187. BcnpucKHBaHie npoTHBOAH<J>TepHTHoH cuBopoTKH — neqaTB aHTH- 
xpacTa (coo6meHie H3t HHxeropoACKaro yt3Aa). — 189. Kojiaobctbo bi 
XV" h XVI bb. 190. MnoroKeHCTBO y pacROJibHHROB'b. — 195. HflCbiio 
ceHaTopa JleHTyaa, npaBmejifl IyAeH, o HapyasHOCTB L XpHCTa. — 197. 
JlroncfeflH bi» Cteppa-JIeoBe (jik>ah yGHBajincb hmh MesAy npoiHMt %m 
npHroTOBJieHiH oco6hxi> JitKapcTBi, h3t> neqeHH, cepAua n npoi.)— 197. — 
198. IOjkhhB nojiioc'L h nocji^AHia OTKpmifl na Hem>. — 213. HHAiflnji 
bt> BeHeuyajut (jitqeme 6ojibheixi> aspeuajm nocpeACTBOirb 3aKJiHHaHifi h 
t. n.)— 217. Oap$opi> h 4afl bt> JlnoHtafHCTopHq. cnpaBKa).— 223— 224. 
ApMeHia.— 226. PacKODKH bt> Tpenifl.— BypaTCKifl npa3AHHR'b.— 228. Kt» 
HCTopin ApeBHflro BOCTOKa (AOKyMBHTH eraneT. $apaoHa AMeHroTena 111). 

floAOJibCKin Ty6. B*a- 1895. — 10. MacjiaHHiiiHe o6mam bt> CTa- 
piiHy. — 12. UpomeHoe BOCKpecem>e h nepsaa HeA'fcJiH BejiHRaro nocia. — 
24. Dpa3AHHKT> BjiaroBtmeHia Ha Pycu. — 25. H3o6pa»eHiH rpo6a Toc- 
noAHB Ha Pycu.— Cb. Iljiama wma . — 26 . BecHa bi pyccimxi* HapoRHuxt 
noroBopKaxi. h Hrpaxt. — 27. IIpa3AHHRT> IlacxH y RpecTbflffb-Majiopyc- 
cobi> Ha HoAoaiH.— Ilacxa bt» ciapHHy. — 36. MaflcRiH HapoAHNa noBtpta, 
npa3AHHKH h ryjiaHBff. — 40. Maft bt> HapoAHHXi oGuHaax'L h noBtpbaxi 

Ha H)rfc PoCCiH. — 77. HpaSAHHEt IIOKpOBa. —85. HaMflTHHRH CTapHHH 

bt, noAOJiin (npoAOJiiK. bx jm: 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93,95,96, 
98, 99). — 95. PoKAeme, RpecTHHH h BOcmrraHie aapcKHXi j^Teii 
XVI— XVII BB. 

npuaiiypcKifi BtA. 85 r 88. M. Bedeucmu. Mopcnie npoxucjiiu bt> 
HpHaMypcKOMi Rpat. 94. A. U '. CuAhumwiu. Bhtl rnunroirb Ha hh- 
30bbbxi> AMypa. 

CapaTOBCKtfl Ty6. B*a. 1895.— 37. UoAHKo&b. KypraHi <Bojn»niofl Mapi>> 
bt> CepAo6cKOMi» yfc3A* (jiereHAa o KypraHt: Ha Heart ctohtl cojiRaTt ci 
pyKbeMt h CTopoxHTB RJiaA^, 3apuTiiH TaifL aTaMaHOMt paaGoftHH^beM raatt- 
kh; cojiAarL btotb BHAeHt OtiBaerL bt> sayTpemu Ha nepBuH nem> IlacxH 
h npeAaaraerB bc$>wl bhahuihh'l ero noMO^b AOCTaTb RJiaAT* ct» ycjiOBieMi 
nepeMtHHTbca OAejKAaMH. Hhrto Ha 9to He corjamaeTca, t3ki> mawb 
BctMi H3BtcxH0, ito HaAtBniia OAesAy aToro cojiAaia 6yAert o6peieHi 
RapayjHTb bm*cto Hero RjiaAt). — 38. ^yBamcRaa KyjiaTRa (na3BaHie 
cejia, 6jffl3T> XfiajiHHCRa; onHcame qyBamcRHxi oSmaeBi), BtpoBamS, 




JKYPHAJhl H TASETIJ. 



179 



nOXOpOHHUXl 06pHA0BT>).— 53. fljlBHHCKafl IWTUima («IlpflB. BtCTlI-".) — 

72. MuHXb. HcTopHKO-reorpa^M. cjiOBapt CapaiOBCK. ry6. („IIpojieflKa a 
h <UapcKie Mornju>HHKu» mm «KaMeHHHeKypraHH> I^apimtiHCKaroy.).— 

73. 0 36MJiojv&Jtf> , iecKHX'i> KpecTtHHCKHX'L apTeJiaxTb. 

CnCmpck'im BtcTHMKi. 189. M. Pynnemm. IIpH^nHa nocTenemiaro 

BHMHpaHifl OCTflKOBl. 

To6ojb€Kifl BtA 77. A. K }[ko61h. Octhkh c/feBepHofl qacra To- 
6oj«>CKofi ry6. — CafmpcKia Hapopiifl n*CHn. 

y^MMCKiH Ty6. BtA- 1895. 103. KupbXHoob. Onncauie yceui> HBa- 
hobckoB bojiocth EeJieOeeBCKaro yi>3Aa. — 197. JlereHAa o6t> ocHOBaHia 
ropop BHjibHH. — 112, 114, 115, 118 — 120. OiepKH IIpaypajiLa. — 
127 — 128. JlyKawvuKo-Eodpbw. Majiopoceu bt» Y<J)Hmck. Kpafc. — 133. 
Bonpoct o nponcxoffijieiiiH Ty3e*meB , L MaAaracKapa. — 146. Apxeojiora- 
qecKifl pacKonKH (nojioBeuKaa Morajia noA't Cn}i<j)eponoJie»n>). — 156. 
PacKonKH KypranoBt b*l Koctpomck. yfcsA* (cnocoOii norpeOema). — 
165. Kt> HCTopin cHoniema Poccin ci» A6accHHieK). — 174, 178. Kt hcto- 
piii kocm£thkh (CBtRtHifl o6t> o6H l iaax r b paaHuxi HapoAOB-L pacKpauiH- 
BaTB rluio).— 179. IIpa3AHecTBa wh Eranrt no noBony noBJbimeHia boah 
B f t limit. — OOtroafi pa3pHC0BKH qepenoBt m> ajibnificKHXt dpaHaxt 
ABCTpia. — 183. BucTaBKa npa MemAyiiapoAHOM'L reorpa(j>ira. itonrpecct 
bt> JIohaoitL ~ 189, 200. PasBajuiHii ApeBnaro ropoAa bt> npeAtJiaxt 
Y(J)HMCKoa ry6. — 198 — 199. HpoarL aero apMapita (Hdop. oiepafc).-^ 
216. HHA'feftiju Bt BeHeijyajit.— H3BtcTie o HaHceHt. — 228. IIpaBOcaa- 

Bie y H0B03eM6J[BCRHX'L CaMOtAOBTb. 

yseHbifl 3anMCKM MMnepaTopcKaro Ka3aHcaaro YHMBepcMTeTa. 1895 Smb. 

Ka3ancKiu, II. ftoroBopntia ptaa (npoA-)- — Eydde, /£., Onerb o KOMan- 
AapoBK'fe b% PH3ancKyio ry6. Ha jitTfrie Mtcanw 1894 roAa (no HapoA- 
Hosiy roBopy). — <DeBp. KasaHcn'm, II., /JoroBopinja ptKH (npoA-)- — - 
Maprb. To»e (oroh<i.).— KpimiKa: Ei/ddc, E., Htcna pyccnaro napoAa. 
Co6paHU bt> ry6epHiaxt ApxaHrejbCKOfi m OaoHemtofi bt> 1886 roAy. 
3anacajiH cjiOBa — 0. M. Hctomhhi>, HantBH — T. 0. fliOTnn*. — Anp. 
KpnTHKa: Kamamm, ff., H. TaMOBt, (faepKH najesoR CaCnpH. ToMejit. 
1894. — Mafi. Eodopoduuniu, ToBopi AopeBna BtJiofi, Ka3ancKofl 
ry6. — iKMb- Abc AAencandpoeb, A., HcTopia pa3BHiia AyxoBHofi khshh 
lepHoft ropH h KHa3B-no9Tt HnaoJiaft I. — Hoa6pb. AAcncandpoeh, A., 
Heipi I HeTpoBH^. 

YHeHbifl 3anncKM MHnep. lOpbeBcaaro YHMBepcMTeTa. 1895. No 3. 
lIl.mipAo, J?., Boctok'l a 3anaAi> bt> PyccKofl HCTopin. — As 4. J7m>- 
myxoob. E. Ji., 0 rjiaBHt8niHx , L HanpaMeroaxi* m> pyccKoS jHTepa- 
xyp* XVIII a nepBoS qeTBepnf XIX BtKa. — IIpHJioas.: JlhnnoHoab, M. 
Aktw, OTHOcamieca kt> HCTopia Tarjaro Hacejiema wb mockobckomi 
rocyAapcTBt. Bhh. I. KpecTbHHCKia nopaAnwa. 

flayTCKia En. BtA- 19. 3anncKa 0 BBeAema pyccKQfl rpaMOTHOCTH 
cpeAfl HHopoA^ecKaro nacejieHia flKyTCKOfi o6jiacTH. 



Digitized by 




HOBOCTM 3TH0rPA<t>HHECK0M flHTEPATYPbl. 



AjieBTopoBi. A. E.j Bw6opHoe Hanajo y Knprii30B , b. ,HiiHa6yprb. 1894 r. 

Ahotkobi, H. B., KiipnwcKiR repoft JxaHxo^ssa HypMyxaMMc,iOB'b (tckctc> 
ii iiopcBOfl'b). Kaa. 1894. 8°. 16 crp. 50 bk3. 

Ero ase, uo^h rhm> ace aarjaBieMi*. (0'iepieb n3i» nepBuxt uiaroBi> pyccKiixi 
Ha Cbipb-^apbT,). Ka3. 1894. 8°. 29 erp. 50 9K3. 

BapcysoBi, A., Csfatnifl 06% K)xotcko& bojoctu ii e/i iipeiKHnx'b Ria- 

J.'fc.IbHaX'I., KHJI3I»flXb lOxOTCKIIX'b If McTIIC.iaBCKIIX'b. Cl> IIpH.103E. CTaTbH 06b 
IOXOTCKHXT, COKOJIMfXT* IIOMUT'llIKaXI,. Cll6. 1894. 8°. 78 CTp. 200 3K3. 

Bap* «&., KpecTbfliicKoe o6iu.niiHoe aeM.ieBJiaxBJie bt» arpapHOMi* n couia-ibHO- 
no.iiiTHMecKOjn. OTBOiueHiax r j>. M. 1894. 8°. 43 dp. 320 9K3. U,. 50 k. 

BaxTiapoBi. A., IIpo.ieTapiari, ii y.niHHbie mim IleTepoypra. BbrroBbie 
o'iepKn. Cn6. 1895. 8». 231 CTp. 1.200 9K3. IJ. 1 p. 

BpaHJioBOsitt, Ceprbft, Ky^oapoBa nemepa. (Pa3CKa37»-npe^anie). (Ott. mi 
tKieBCK. Ct.»). K. 1894. 8». 35 erp. G4 9K3. 

BpaMCOHT>, Jl. M., IlokiAKa m> loauio-pyceBia eBpcKcuia liaioHiii. (IlyTeBue 
naGpocKii). Ob npiuoacenicMi, coopaiiiibixb na Mbcrh MaTepiajOBi, . Cn6". 1894. 

8°. 41 erp. 600 9K3. JJ,. 25 K. 

BysojibrB, reopra, 0»iepirb rocy;i,apcTBCHHHx r h n irpaBOBbixi rpe»iecKnx , b 
ApeBHOcTeft . llepoB. c/i» h+»m. A. (M. B.), ct> npiuoaceHiaMH. XapbEOBt. 1895. 
8°. VIII + 320 + 2 crp. 500 9K3. H. 1 p. 75 K. 

B. B., Me;iKoe itj)oh3bo;i,ctbo Bt Poccin. 1. Apxe.iL bt» KycrapHOM'L ni»o- 
Mbic.il;. Cn6. 3895. 8°. 200 rrp. 750 bk3. U;. 1 p. 

BoeBOAOsift, il. MiiMiaM6hi Tepo^om u peajnraarb bt» rpeuecKoft JHTe- 
paiyps. 0,necca. 1894. 8°. 17 CTp. 300 9K3. U,. 20 k. 

ropAieBBWb, 0; KpaTKiS ofaopi* BaaLHfcftniHX'b MOMeHTOB'b .BBuateHiji rpe- 
»ieciton KyjLTypbi bt» rocy^apci'Bax'b ^peBiiaro Mipa. KieBi>. 1894 . 8°. 14 crp. 

26 9K3. 

rpHH6Bi 9 C. A., Bhua jiii KOHHiiua y aP6BHhxt> PyccoBi*? Hs^fi^oBaHie. 
KieB*. 1895. 8°. 30 CTp. 300 9K3. H- 30 E. 

ryjiaesi, A. M., 06r» oTHomcHiii pyccKaro rpaa;saiicKaro npaBa Kb piiM- 
CKOMy. (Bcryii. jieKij.— Ott. ii3 r f» «Yhhb. Hsb.* 3a 1894 r.). EieBT*. 1894. 8°. 

16 CTp. 100 9K3. 

J^ByxcoTJTBTHeft iiaMHTii H. H« HeuioeBa. P-ehh, irpoH3HeceHHbifl bt» 
topjICcctbch Hosi'b cotfpauiii 06ui,ecTBa apxeojiorin, iicropin ii 3THorpa([>iu npu 
Hmit. Ka3. Yhhb. 7 non6pu 1893 r. Kan. 1894. 8°. 49 CTp. 200 9K3. 

Reuwby B. 6., OiepKii pyccKoii uapoxHoft He r viUHnbi. .liixopa^onHbia 3a- 
6o.diBanifl n iixi> .Th i ienie v pycci;aro nfipo^a. (Ott. m% <BtcTH. oCn^ecTB. 
nirienu. , 1894, t. XXIII). Cn6. 1894. 8«, 6p. 

AHeBHHRt reHepajibHaro Tio r T,CKap6ia flsoBa MapnoBB^a (1717 — 1767 rr.). 
l lacTb 2-H (1726 — 1729 rr.). H3„i.. «KieBCK OrapiiHbi>, uo%h pex Aj. JIa3apeB- 
ciiaro. KieBh. 1895. 8®. 342 rrp. 300 3K3. H. 2 p. 

Ji;o6poBOJibCKitt, B, H. CMO.iencKift aruorpa^ir^iecKift c6opHiiKT». X I. HI. 
nocjoBiiuu. (3an. II Mn. P. P. 0. no Ota. ^th., t. XXIII, Bbin. II). Cu6. 
1894. 8«. Ill + 137 crp. 800 bks. 

ApeBHOCTH. Tpy^u Hinn. Mock. Apxeoi. 06m, — Ba, ii3,T,aHHbie uoxi. i»c^. 
B. K. TpyTOBCKaro. ToMb 15-yl, Bbin. 1-fi, ct» 7 4»ototiiii. ii 4 puc. M. 1894. 
4®. 79+ 203 crp. 600 9K3. 



Digitized by 



HOBOCTH 9THOrPA*lWECKOft JtHTEPATY P£I . 



181 



Ejuefeera, A. B., IIo (S*fcjy CBiny. OqepRn h Kaprnra irei nyTcmecTBift 
no TpeMt HacTffijrb Craparo CB-feTa. Ob HJLiK>CTpaniaMii xynojRHHROB'b. Cn6. 4°. 
Totfb 1. 1894 r. 374 crp. Tom* II. 1895 r. 359 CTp. (U,. no 8 py6ja aaTOMi,). 

SacBxaTeJeBi, H. IL, ApeBHift o6pa#b RopoHOBaHia y TropRCRineb napo- 
Kobt*. KajaHb. 1894. 8°. 9 crp. 50 8K3. 

3HH0BbeBi>, M. A M OnbiTb HSciiflOBama seMCRaro ycTpoftcTBa JIii<J>.iaH,ncRoft 
ry6epmu PHra. 1895. 8°. 6 + 149 CTp. 400 8R3. 

HsaBOBCBift, A. 0. 9 Mandjurica. I. 06pa3n,bi cojoncRaro n xaxypcKaro 
a3HKOBT>. Cn6. 1894. 8«. XIV +79 CTp. 310 8R3. D[. 80 K. 

KoBajieBOKift, M&kchitb, UpoHcxomAeme coBpeaieHHoft fleMORpaTin. T. I. 
M. 1895. 80. VIII + 658 dp. 1.203 8K. it 2 p. 50 K. 

KopKyHOBT,, H. M., C. E. ,HecHaijRiJi— nepBbift pyccRift npo<J)eccopT> npaBa 
(H3T> Mhh. 10ct.»). Cn6. 1894. 8°. 31 <rrp. 100 8K3. 

KyjaKoBCKlA, EtaaTOHi, H.MiipH3Mi>. HscjiiAOBaHie no Hcropin xopBaTCKoft 
JiHTepaTypH nepio.ua B03po2K^,CHia. Bapm. 1894. 8 f . VIII + 411 + 93 + II CTp. 

600 8R3. 

KfeTJUBesift, (Bpan'b), 76 aneS Ha boctor*. H. III. MornjeBt — 

IIoAOJbCKia. 1894. 8°. 23 crp. 100 8R3. H 30 K. 

JIanno, H. H., TBepcKoft ykzxh wb XVI b'bk'b. Ero nacejcme n bham 
3eMe-iLnaro BWBHia (Btboai* no HCTopin iipoBiiHiun MOCKOBCKaro rocynapcTBa.— 
M3T> t^T. B r b Hmii. 06m. hct. h ap. poco)- M. 1894. 8°. 238 CTp. 300 8R3. 

JlHn,eBott ciScKift iiROHonHCHbift boajihhhhk%. Bun. 1-ft. (HpiiiosK. ki> 
CV1 Bbin. < IlaMiiTHii kobt> flpeBH. micbM.» . CVI1. Cn6. 4°. 22 Ta6j. puc, 260 

8K3eMlLlHpOB r b. 

JIy™n,Kift, H. B., Bonpocb o RpecTbaHCRoft no3CMo.ibHoft co6crBeHHOCTn 
bo 4>paHuin j^o peBOJiJouiii n npo^aafB uauioHajibHbix'b iiMymecTBii. (OTMerb o 
KOMaH^HpoBKB 3a rpaHHiry. — Orr. n.¥b *YmiB. H3B.» 3a 1892 — 93 rr.). KieB'b. 
1894 r. 8». 42 CTp. 310 8R3. 

MaKCHHOBi, A. JL, Ha aaaeRoarb boctok'b. Pa3CKa3bi n 6bun H3 , b JKinrair 
na oTAajeHHoft oRpaimi Poccin. Tom* II. Cn6. 1894. 8°. 236 CTp. 2.000 8K3. 

H. i p. 50 k. 

MajraHOBesift, I., ynenie o npecTynjieHin no JEirroBCROMy CTaTyTy. (Ott. 
H3b tyHiiB. H3B.>). KieB'b. 1894. 8°. VII + 171 + L CTp. 310 8R3. fl;. 1 py6. 
50 Kon. 

MapKOBCKitt, M., AnTonifr Pa^HBraoBCRift, KMRHO-pyccRiil nponoB^T.HnK'b 
XVII b. (Onurb HCTopiiKo-JHTopaTypHaro hscji'b^ob aHi a ero coraHemft n ofoop-b 
3ByK0Bbix-b ii ({) pMajibHbix'b oco6enHocTe& ero a3HRa). npnjiomeHieMi hc- 
iwAanHbixi. nponoB-Bflefi h3Ti pyRoiraenbix'b «Oropo;uca» n iB-BHua* (Ott. H3T> 
•VuHB. H3B.>). KieB'b. 1894. 8*. 2+IV + 187 +86 CTp. 160 8R3. D,. 2 p.J 

Mayx&iH, TeHpn, Com. n CHOBiiflimia. Cn6. 1895. 8°. H3& PytfiiHCRaro. 
96 CTp. U,. 30 K. 

MesBeaepi, II. n Buu^hhi, K,, PyccKo-jraTbiincRift cjoBapb rt> 1-ft 
nacTii (GyRBapio) y i ie6Haro pyRoso^CTBa «PyccKaa pt»»ib> M. Bojibiiepa. H3^. 
2-e. Pura. 1894. 8«. 22 CTp. 10.000 8R3. 

Mhpohobi», A. JIL, KapTHHbi sarpo6Hofi »h3hh bt> rpcnecKoft atHBonncn 
na Ba3ax-b (ns r b «Yq. 3an. Hmii. Mocr. yHHB.» — Ot^. hct.-(})hji.). M. 1895. 8 f . 

2;J4 CTp. 300 8K3. 

MooKOBCKift IIy6jiHHHbift n PyMam;oBCRifl My3en. IlyTeBOAHTeJb no ,Hain- 
ROBcROMy 8THorpa(j>i[necROMy My3e». M. 1894 8°. 36 CTp. 1.200 8R3. 

Onnoaaie (HCTopn i iecRoe). IoaHHo-npe^Te^eHCRaro JleyranHCRaro ateHCRaro 
MonacTbipa, 4epeuoBen.Raro yfe^a, HoBropo^cRoR ry6., cb 10 puc. Hja- 2-c 
nono-iH. Cii6. 8°. 84 crp. 1.000 8R3. 

OcTpoynoBx, IlbCHa-caTiipa. BnRTopi>-Baft. (Ott. h3t, <3an. Boctohh. 
Ota. Hmii. PyccR. Apx. 06iu.»). Cn6. 1894. 8*. CTp. ct> 87 no 92. 60 8R3. 

UaMOBCKiti (H. ^p.) h CTapKOBCKift (B. M.). IIojTafiCRaa 6»TBa h ea 
naMHTHiiKH. (IIbchh m up.), cb puc. h njaHaMH. 2-e i!3^. IIojrraBa. 1895. 8°, 
CTp. 130 + 25 + 4. IJ. 1 p. 



Digitized by 



182 



8THOrPA0H1ECKOK OB03PBHIF. 



Uepemp*, B. H M r ^epeBHfl By^oroma h ea npeAama (&CHorpa$in. 
ouepK'fc). C116. 1894. 8*. 16 CTp. 50 8K3. U,. 30 k. 

nospoBcsift, 6. B., 113^ Aoiicropii4ecKaro 6brra Ha cjaBaHCBCKiHTOBCEoB 
rpaHHivfe. (Ott. H3i» «Bhx Bbcth.* 3a 1894 r.). BiubHa. 1894. 8°. 19 CTpaHiiirb. 

50 3K3eMILIJipOBl. 

Poai IIoJiHBaHOBUx^ XIV — XIX bb. CKamHie, HCTopH'iecKie fliuiTeJH h 
noKOjiiiHaa pociincb. Bjt.— ua— Ki. 1894. 8°. 30 crp. 300 8K3. 

CHJEbBecTpa MeAB&xeBa. Co3epn,aHie KpaTKoe jiiri. 7190, 91 h 92, bi> huxi> 
ace yto cojvbacji bo rpaawaHCTB-k Ci» npeaucjOBieirb h npnMliiaHiaini A. IIpo- 
3oposcKaro. (H3 r b « x It. bt> Hmh. 06m. hct. h ap. pocc.».)- M. 1894 r.8* LII + 
197 CTp. 300 BK3. D|. 2 p. ct> nepec. 

CsaasH (PyccKia H36paHabia) bt> 2-xt> oT^'BJiaxB (no c6opHHKairb Aeanacb- 
ena h ap.). Ha^aHo ct> npeaiicji. B. MapaayeBa, bi rotopohi aBropi> o6pa- 
maeTca «eo bcbmi» AopoatamiisrE HapoAHbWL TBopnecTBOMt ci> npocb6oio upn- 
cbuaTL eMy 3anncaHHbw m^cthbih CKaaKii, iiocjobhi;h, nt.cHH u t. u.» ). MocKBa, 
Tun. ChiTUHa, 3-e iisa-, yBeaim., ct» puc, 1895. 6. 8<>, 262 cip. 

Cmhphobi, A. II., 0 caccaHHACKiix'L 6iK>Aaxi>. KasaHb. 1894. 8°. 8 crp. 

100 8K3. 

OraTHOTHKa PoccificRoft HMnepin. XXIX. Bojoctu h HaceieHHua utera 
1893 r. Bun. 10. ToMCKaa ry6. H3£. neuxp. ctht. kom. 

OrenoBHH'B, A. I., Ki» croj-briH) poaiAeHia JlHa Kouapa, irBBua n npono- 
Bl.AHHKa «CjiaBancKofi B3anMHocTii> (^ooaA'b bt> Hcrop. 06m. HecTopa — Ato- 
nncua.). KieB'b. 1894. 8°. 26 CTp. 100 8K3. 

CTysajEHqi, B. K«, 1) ELiopyccia h JIiiTBa. 2) OnepiCH 1131, HCTopin ropojOBT. 
Wh Elmopyccin. BhtcGcki., 1894, 8° CTp. 23 + 62 (jlpa, o*iepKa bt, OAHoft 6po- 
niiop'ii; nepBbifi— no BaTJoniKOBy, BTopoft — Ha ocHOBauin 12-th TOMOB'b aKTora 
Bii-icHciton Apxeorp. Kommjicchi, iraaaHik CanyHOBa ii hLkot. ap., h KacaeTca 
ne oTAkninbixT* ropoAOBi, a ropoACKiix'b o6iuiihti Boo6iu,e). 

Cjmb;obi>, IL 6., JIereH.ua o 6jaroHecTHBOMX awreonHcivfi (Ott. hsi tKicB- 

CKOft CTapiIHbI>). K. 1894. 8°. 6 CTp. 100 8E3. 

TpoHn,Klfl, B. II., ^epcMHccKo-pyccKift aionapb. Ka3anb. 1894. 8°. 87 CTp. 

100 8K3. (lIplU. Kb fM3B. 06lH. ApX., HCT. I[ 8TH.»). 

XapysHHi, Ai., KpecTbflHCKoe 3ewLieB:ia;r1}Hie Bb 3ctjjuuckoR ry6epnin no 
AaHHHMi, 1892 — 94 rr. Bbin. I (Tpy,\bi Bct.l craT. kom., t. XI). Peseab. 8* 
106 + 75 + 105 + 69 + 92 + 109 + 69 + 48 erp., 330 8K3. 

II,arapexiH 9 A. A. 9 CBl>A'bHia o naMarHUKaxb rpyaiincKOH nncbMOHHocrn. 
T. I., bub. 3-ft (c-b nopTperoMT>). Cnf>. 1894. 8°. 6 + CII + 320 dp. 410 8K3. 

IIIarnHHi, A., MiiccioHcpeitaji nob3AKa na KaBKa;n». M. 8*. 60 crp. 

3BapH ho, sift 9 A- H*> Hcropia aanopoaiCKHX'b Ka3aK3B7». Tom> 2-fi. (Ct. 
irpiuoaienieM'b iuaHa ateiroBOACKoS 6iiTBbi). Cu6. 8°. 624 crp. 1.512 bbjcium. 
U. 4 py6. 

BerendU, Alex., Studien tiber Zachanas-Apokryphon und Zacharias-Le- 
genden. Inaugural Dissertation, Jurjcw (Dorpat). 1895. 6°. 

Fudalewski, Wlad. Ks. jMiasto Opat6w podlug miejscowych ir6del ipodan 
Warsz. 1895. 4<>, 119 CTp. 

Lissowski, Leon. Obrzcdy woselne w Szolajdach w powiccie Kutnowskim 
(Odb. z t. VIII Wisly). Warszawa, 1895. 8« cxp. 65. 

Majewski Erazm. Poeza,tck, przyszlo66 i koniec ziemi. Warszawa. 1895. 8 Q . 
H'liiia 1 py6. 




M3B*CTIH n 3AMtTKH. 



iffKymcKcm onmoepa^uHecKcm OKcneduuix. 



Bt B0CT0*H0B Ch^HPH, Bt flsyTCKOfi' 0(5iaCTH, KEKl B3B$CTB0, CI 1894 P. 

paooTaeTt cflenjajLaa* aacnexanja, hm£dquui rpoMaxaoe 8aa?eaie Bt BsyieHia 
Kpaji bi paaiBiauxt OTaomeaiaxt, h npeHMymecTBeHHo Bt »THorpa(J)iiecKOMt Bt 
mapoaoMt saaieaia ciOBa. KpaTaoe BSBtcTie o6t aioat BauoMt upexnpiaTia 
(5hjo coo6meHO Bane bi XXII aa. v 9TBOrpa$aiecaaro 06o3p£Bia" (cTp. 228). 
Bt HacToamee Bpeaa, tfjaroxapa nrfesaocTB r. XlayTcaaro PytiepaaTopa, Btbo- 
rpa^aiecaaMt OTxiioMi noayseaii or* MicTaaro CTaTH cthh ecaaro KoMBTeTa 
aoxpotiaua h xocTOB'fepuHa cBixima o6t dacnexBuia, asiozeaafiui bi ocoCoft 
„3aBHCK&" orb 15 anp. 1895 r., B3t KOTopoft mh nosBOjaeat ce64 asBjetb Bee 
cymecTBeBBoe h HHTepccHoe ct toibb spiaia aayHBO-BTBorpa^BHecaoB . 

Bt 1888 roxy ■SBicTBHS aoioToiipoMHrnieaaHai a tiiaroTBopaTeai, H. M. 
Ci^BpaxoBt, Bpe&iozBJi 6HBffl6My IlpaBBTeiK) xtat BocTO*Bo-Ca6apcaaro 
OTAiJia UauepaTopcaaro Pyccaaro reorpa^HiecEaro OomecTBa, T. H. noTaaaay, 
5 THCjm pytfjea, x« opraaBsania ascjixoaaaia 6nTa aaopomeBt AayTcaofi ofaacTB; 
BBOci'BACTBiB atepTBOBaTeji yBeJHiHJi cyimy xo 10 thc. pyo\ Ilocii Toro aaat 
aaua, ct KOTopHMB r. IIoTaaaBt Bt Teveaie B'BCKOjBKBZit jArh Beit neperoBopa, 
Bpejuaraa am bsjitl aa ce6a bto ascj^xoBaaie, oxao sa xpyraat oit Taaoaaro 
OTKasajacB,— oat Bt 1892 roxy pianut nepexara opraaa3anjD a xaitaifiiaee Be- 
xeaie xfaa jbbj, sacTyuBBmeiiy ero Micro bt» xojxhocth npaBBTeaa x*BJt Boctoibo- 
Ca6apcaaro OTxtja ManepaTopcaaro P. Teorp. OtfiuecrBa, # . A . Kjeaeaay, KOTopuft 
Bomejt ct xoajaxoMt at r. HpayTcaoay reaepajt-ry6epaaTopy a, aojyuut paapi- 
meaie apacTynaTB at opraaB3aaja apexapiaria, OTBpaBBica Bt r. flayTcat, ayxaa 
apaGujt 16 aaBapa 1894 roxa. T. £ayTcaia ryoepaaropt npasaaat ctcBoeficro- 
poaa aeotixoxaauat apa coxificrBia atcTaaro CiaTHCTBi. KoaBTeia BHpaGoxaTt 
aporpaMMii a ycTaaoBBTi cnoco6a ascjixoBaaia aa ocotiaxt coBimaBwxt. Ilpex- 
MeTaMB coBimamfi cjyxaja: 1) BapaGoTaa noxpotiaaxt aporpaaat x*a btbo- 
rpa(j)B«iecaaro ascjftxoBaaia HayTOBt a xpyraxt aaopoxueBt Jlayrcaoft ooiacrn; 
2) BupatioTaa, corjaceo aporpaaaaat, aiaaoBt aacnexaajoBBiixt paooTt bo flayT- 
caoMy a KojiHacaoMy oapyraat a 3) oocyameaie tinxxeTaoft CTopoau x^a aonpe- 
XflJeaie paaaipa aoco^ia, aeo6xoxBnaro xjaaaatxaro B3t yucTaaaoBt aacnexai^iB. 

Bt pe8yi&TaTi coBimaaifi oaaaaioct f wo BBca-fexoBaaieMt 6ma aaopoxueBt 
aosejaia saaaibca ciixyDaua jaiia: 

A) no fliyTCRfmy oapyry: 

1) CoB-BTBBBt O^JiacTaaro npaBieeia J. H. MeaaaoBt BBait aa ce6a pas- 
paooTay Boapoca o KpaMBaaJbaoft acaxojioria flay-roBt, aaocaoBaaia MaTepiajOBt, 
aaajDHaDiaaxca Bt xtJaxt MicTHHXt cyxe6aHxt a axaaaacipaTaBBBxt y?pexxeaii. 

2) 06jacTBoft BeTepaaapt C. &. ^aaTpieat npexcTaBUt uporpaaay cBoefl 
pa^OTH no cko roBtxiaiE) (aaaTOMO-8KCTepiepana, (frasioioraiecaia a 6ioaoraHecaia 
oco6eaaocTa HayTcaaro caoTa) a caoTOBOXCTBy (caoTOBOxcTBeaaaa Texaaaa, OTaaaTa 
aopaa, 6ojti3aa a axt riieaie), apa qeat yaaaajit aa rr. KoaxaaoBa a Ileaap- 
caaro, aaat aa CBOaxt coTpyxaaaoBt . 

8) H. A BaTameBcaifi aatasait xeiaaie saaaTtca aay^eaieiit Dpaxa- 
necaaro 6iiTa flayTOBt, a upexcTaBxeaaaa axt nporpaxMa x^a coGapaaia cootb^t- 
CTByx>maro xaiepiaja pacnaxaeTca aa caixyDinje otx*bjh: 1) sexjenoxtaoBaaie; 
2) xoroBopaoe npaBo; 8) cacTeMa poxcTBa; 4) ceMefiaoe npaso; 5) aaciixcTBeaaoe 
apaBo; 6) yrojoBaoe apaBo; 7) cyxoycTpofidBO; 8) cyxe6aaa xoaaaaTexBCTBa; 
9) cyxonpoB3BoxcTBO a 10) o6mecTBeBaaa opraHHsania. Ilpa Bspa^oTai csoeft 
nporpaMMu, aBTopt, naBuuMt o6paaoMt, CTapajca paapa6oTaTb BOdxoacao xeTaibaie 
OTxtjH: o aeaxeaojBsoBaaiB, aaat o HaaOojfee sajaaoat 4>aaTopt o6mecTBeHHO- 



Digitized by 




184 



dTHOrPAOHIBCKOB OB03P&HIE. 



dKOHOMOTeCKOfi XH3HH, H 0 XOrOBOpBOHl Upasi, DpGXCT&BMDmGM'B rpOMaXBHfl 

TeopeTH^ecEifl MTepect, b% Baxy hbjihhhocth apxaniecKHxi 4>opm xoroaopoBi bi 
CHCTeMi DpHXH^ecKHxi oGtmeBi Jlay tobi . 

4) HjeHi-ce&peTapi OfoacTBaro OraTBCTHH. KoMHTera,coTHHKT> A . H.Ilonoit 
npexcTaBHJi BbipaCoTaiHyD ami im upoasBoxcTBa noxBopHuxi Depeoacefi RapTOvsy, 
aoTopaa, no sajftiaHii) r. IIonoBa, asaaeTca nepepa6oTaofi, npBuiBHTea&HO at 
ycjOBiam aayTcaofi xhshh, aapToiRH ciaTBCTBROBi, paGoTaBmaxi Hax* B3yneBieai 
BKOBOMBHecaaro noaoxenia ceibckaro u&ceiemn HpxyTCRofl h EraceficRofi rytiepaift 
h npe a cTaBiaeTca nojie3Bofl xjji SKCKypcaHTOBi, aaai oxBa-rHBaiDinaa caMBa pasHo- 

06pa8BHB CTOpOHH BKyTCSarO X03AfiCTBa. I 

5) JL. T. JeBeHTajiB npexcTaBEJn nporpamiy cbobxi patfora no lacaixo- 

BaHiD 9K0H0Hfl?eCKBXl OTHOmeaifi EkJTOB% Bb BXl HCTOpHieCROM-L paSBBTlB B co- 

BpeneHHOHT. nojioateHia. nporpamia pacnaxaei-ca he xb* *acTH: a) daunt** da* 
xapaxmepucmuxu coepeMenHbtx* dttonoMunecKUXi omnovieniu: o6io.ee saMiiasie: 
npB(5jH3BTejBBoe BciHcjenie npocTpaecTBa, aoiBHecTBa . b rycTOTH Baceaenia (bo 
0(JxJ)BuiaaLHHMi xaHHHMi h Be xaaie p. Aaxana); xapaKTepBCTBHecsia iepTH paa- 
cejeflia; rjaBHHB 3aHaTia b notfoHBHa; nepexoxi orb naTypaabHaro xosaficTBa a* 
xeHexHouy; noxBopnaa nepenncb no ynoMaHyTofi BEime, Bnpa6"oTaHHofi r. Qono»Hirb, 
KapTo^ai ci» uijbiD yacBeeia: 1) HeMejibHuxi OTBomeftift; 2) xapaaTepa nepextaoBi 
o6maxi h qacTBHxi; 3) pacnpexiaeiria ro cyxapcr b e h h bixi b oGmecTBeBHHxi no- 
BBHBOCTeft (xeaezflsxi h HaTypajbBHxi); 4) npn3piiBia BeaMymaxt; 5) ckotoboi- 
CTBa; 6) xitConamecTBa; 7) npoMHcjOBi; 8) B3B03a; 9) Haeunaro Tpyxa; 10) #opMi 
Tpyxa, o6m.HBHO-ceMeMHaro, caymHHux'b TORapHmecTBi b oGmecTBeHaaro; H)o6irBBa 
b 12) apexHTa. 6) daunus 3aa itcmopiu npan eo epeMettu nepeoit hcclhhou kom- 
Muciu. ,HaBHHa sth, no MB&niK) r. JeBeBTaja, BecbMa bbscbh ae toilko bi cmhcj'b 
HCTopa^ecaaro xaTepiaaa, bo b x-sa ofoacaeBia BiaoTopaxi uepesBTROBi liepso- 

6tITBarO CTpoa XB3HB, ElfBDOlBXl MtCTO Bl BblflimHOXX 06meCTBeBB0-8B0B0MBHeCKHXl 

OTBOmefliax'b flay-roBi. 1 

6) H. H. MaflHOBi bsbji Ha ceoa cotfapaHie aHTponoMeTpHqecrtaro xaTe- 
piaaa h MaTepiaja no Bonpocy 06% otfiaay^BBaBia pyccRBXi. Ho dTONy Bonpocy 
r. MafiHORHMi cx^Jtaao yate oco6oe cooGmeHie bt» ABTponojiorH^ecxifl Otx%ji> Hiine- 
paTopcaaro 06mecTBa Jlro^HTejiefi KcTecTBosHaaia, AHTponoJioria h 9TBorpa<J)iH. 

7) 3. K. nesapcsiM, RMia bi Baxy o6pa6oTay cbobxi n icaTepiajOBi xaa 
^KyTcao-pyccaaro cjiOBapa, H3xame kobxi aa cpexcTBa H. M. Gfl6HpaaoBa ecTJ» 
OTxtjbHOe npexnpiaTie Boctohho - Ca^Bpcaaro OTxiJia HMiiepaTopcaaro Pyccaaro 
reorpa^H^ecsaro 06mecTBa, •) b ne BMta B03noaiHocTB, nowoMy, ynacTBOBaTb 
bi Tpyxaxi aacnexB^H HenocpexcTBeHHo, npexJioxai'b ycayra no npiBCEaniK) co- 
TpyxHHEOBi, xeaixy npoTOMi h B3i cpexM HHopoAUeBt, b corjacflacA npanaTb Ha 
ce6a OKoaiaTejbBoe pexaKTBpoBaaie axiTpyxoBi. Bi^flcat npexnojiaraBmBxca bmi 
coTpyxHBROB'b, H3t HBopoxueBi, j*. UeaapcRifl yaa3«jii>: aa B. B. HaRB<fK>poBa 
(6HBinifi roiosa ^©ncBBCKaro yayca), H. V. Co-ioBbeBa, (nHCbMOBOxHTejL Bocto^ho- 
KaHraaaaaoH ynpaBu), C. B. GatnuoBa (6uBmifi ciapocTa BaaranTaficaaro yayca) 
h E. JJ. HHKOJaeBa (6aBmiH nacbMOBOXBTeab BaiypycaoH ynpaeu). rr.Cjtnn.0Bi> 
h HHKoaaeBb 6 hie yate BSBicTuu xtcTHOMy CTaTHCTHqecaoMy EoHBTeTy npoa3- 
BexeuuHMu bmb, no liopyieiu'K) nocaixHaro, noxBopauun nepenncBMB. fl3i ue bho- 
poxi^eBi r. neaapcKia yaasuBaji. aasi na B03HosBHX'b coTpyxaaaoBi, Ha B. 'E. 
ropBHOBB^a (no Bonpocy o Hapo^Hofi MexanBHt fluyTOBi. h hxi o^Bxoxi ci 
rnrieHHqecKOH to?kb apieia) h T. OcMOJOBcaaro (no co6Hpanii) xaTepiaaoBi o 

PH60J0BCTB'B H OXOTt CO CTOpOHH TeXHBRB). 

3arBH%, r. neaapcaoMy 6hjo nopyneeo coCpanieMt sanaTbca cocTaaaeHiexi 

*) DeiaiaHie rjOBapa, ct» co6jDxeaieMi, no bo3mozboctb, bc^xi Tpe6oaaHifi 
aeacBRorpa<])ifl h bo bcjroni> ciynat bi cTpoioxi cootb-btctbIb ct> BHpa6oTanaoft 
aRaxeHHROM'b BaTJiauroMi cHCTeMofi npaBonncaHia, npexnojiaraeica bit. flayTCR'B, 
bt> 06jacTHofl TBiiorpa(J)iB, aoTopaa xaa 3toh a^jh npio^piiaeT'L Heo6xoxBXHe 
rapH(|)TH ch oparauajbHHMH aayTCRBXH 6yaBauH (B3i cjobojhtbh JeMaHa ** 
C.-IIeTep6yppi). 




HSBfcCTlH H 3AMMKH. 



185 



nporpamfH no ascjlixoBaBiD 6ut& JlRyTOBb, xaa iero poRoaeaxoBaao 6hxo cx'Biaxb 
cbox*. Maiepiaia, sauiwaDniaroca bt» neiaTHbixi nporpaaaaxb h bi cocTaB j eaaofi 
r. KieaeHn.oa'b, cnenjajbHO x*a coTpyxaBROBt aacnexanja, nporpaast-B, oGajbaofi 
7Ra3aBinnH Ha BonpocH, nponymeuHue bi Hsxammxi xo cbxi nopi nporpaMMaxi 
Xin 9THorpa(j)H t iecKHx"b Bscj^AOBawiH. ^acTi» eme bo Bp6Ma coB-fenzaBift, HacTi» 
nocii Toro, xaxt aKcnexBniouabia pa6oTH yate Hanajiacb, r. DeRapcaifi, bt> co- 
TpyiBHiecTB'fe cb r. MafieoBUMi. hcbojibbji B03ioxeBHoe aa aero iiopy^eme a 
cocTaBHJi nporpanay, o6uBMa»myio OTxtaa: I, atHJBme h ero npHHajueanocTH; 
II, oxeatxa b aapaxH; III, nama, dhtbg a aapKOTnecaiji BemecTBa, — ci aaie- 
piaiLBOH ctopohh; IV, ceMefiuafl 6an>: x'BTCRifi BoapacTi b OTpoiecTBo, 6pa*HHfi 
B03pacn, CBai&6a a cynpysecxoe coaHTeJLCTBO, B3aflaabia OTBomeHia HJieaoBi 
ceata a po,hctb€hhhkobt>, cuepn a noxopoaa; V, saBaTia a peiiecia: crotoboxctbo, 
seMiextJie, sb^pojobctbo, ph6ojobctbo; VI, arpu a yBecexeaia; VII, npai»H a 
HaaioaajBHHB xapaRTepi; VIII, BtpoBaaia a IX, ji3bki> a aapoxHoe TBopiecTBO. 

B) no Ko/ibiMCKOiiy ' OKpyry B3iaBaax xeiaeie saaaTbca asciiioBaBieMi 6aiTa 
aaoooineBi B. II. Ioxejbcoat, pasciHTUBaa aa coTpyxBanecTBO npoxHBaD- 
maro bi r. CpexHe-KoiHMCR'B B. T. Boropasa a KojHMcaaro acnpaBuaaa, B. T. 
Kap3aaa. JKeaaHie bto 6hjo BCTpt^eno coopaaiea* co^yBCTBeaao, Tax* aaax 
KojHMCRia oapyrt npexcTaB.werb ocotfafi BHTepeci b% 9Taorpac|)HHecKoai> otbo- 
meHia, Raai no pa3Boo6pa3iK) cocTaBa CBoero Haceaenia (pyccaie, aayTH, jiaMyiu, 
TyHrycH, ayBaBUH, Daarapn a xp.)> *> HTa aapoxoni., ero cocTaBjaDmaxi, Taai a 
bo aajioBSB'BCTBOCTa apaa. Dporpaaaa, npexcTaBieBBaa r. IoxejbcOHoai., saRJtt- 
^aa bi ceCt act rjiaBaua py6paRH o6mefi aTHorpa<f>ia, ofipamaerb oco6oe bhb- 
Manie aa Bonpocu, . cneaiaJbao Racacmieca KojiHMCRaro oapyra, a aaiepiaJH, 
ROToptie tfyxyri ocooeaflo b/bhhh x*b cneniajacTOBi. TaaoBH, aaiipaa.: aaTepiajrai 
no cpaBHBTejbaoft aBTponoaeTpia Hapoiosi oapyra, cb o6pameBieui> ocotfaro bbb- 
aaaia aa aeTHcoBi c% cjosbob reaeaiorieS: nepexBTRa xo-aeTajja^ecRaro Bijita 
(aocTaHHa opyxia); coxpaaeaie RaaeHHHX'b opyxifi, rocTenpiauaoft npocTarynia, 
TaTyapoBRB, xpeBHexi cdoco6obi ^o6aBaHia orHa a ipyraxi npH3HaaoBT> nepBO- 
CaTHaro cocTOBBia; ojieueBOxcTso; co6aaoBOACTBO; BjiiaBie weaeub ipyn aa 
ipyra, a t. i. Pacupe^Jaa pa60Tbi no oapyry aa2i/s ro^a, r. IoxeibcoBi pa3^tjBj% 
oapyri wa yxo6cTBa BBcrBiOBaaia Ha 5 pafionoB^ bi sasH cb moctb ott> 6ut* na- 
poxoBi, bxt> 3acejifl»mBxi, a ci aaatAuab 113% 6pojaiax , b njeMeHi oni nojarae-i-b 
HyaLHHMT* ROHOBaTb bi TeieHiM 5 — 6 atcaneBi, no corjameHiu ct> xpyrBMn coTpy^- 
BBaaMB, is* 6oi±e nojmaro co6apaHia vaTepiajiOBi no 6biTy, npaBaai, B3uay a 
t. x. TaaBjfb o6pa30Mb, uporpaaaa r. Ioxejbcoea coctobti h8i wBiyKmBxi 
py6pBR , b: a) aBTpoiiojioraHecain aaiitpeBia h Ha6jK>xeBia; b) HCTopHRo-reorpa^ase- 
CRia cBtiiHi*; c) SHJiama a opyxia; d) oieaxa; e) nnma a naTbe; f) 3aHam a 
npoaacjiH; g) Hp&BH, o6H?aa a xpyria lueaeHHHa ^repTbi; h) bsbri (cbbcori cjobi 
a o6pas«iBRB npexjoxeflia pa3Haxi aapi^ifi, 3anacaBBae npaBBJbHofi TpaBCKpnn- 
njeft), a i) BtpoBaaia a napoxaoe TBopnecTBO (aacRoibKo bo3mozbo co6apaTb 
xaTepiajH no aioay nocj^xneMy OTX*jy npa noaoin,a toxrobbxi nepeBOX*BROBb). 

Ha ocTaibBbie oapyra ^ayTCRofl ooaacra, 3a acRiDqeeiea-b OieRaaacRaro, 
ascjixoBaaie ROToparo nocTaBjeflo zepTBOBaTejexi, aaai aenpeaBBBoe ycjOBie 
ocymecTBjeBia aRcnexania, x*ficTpia nocjixHefi ae npexnoaarajocb pacnpocTpaaan, 
aaai no HexocTaTonaocTa cpexctEb, Taxi a no 0TcyTCTBi» jani, ROTopaa xorjia 
6h B3aTb aa ce6x ascj^xoBaaie 3thxx oapyroBi. 

dRcaexflnioHBHa pa6oTn 6bua aaqaTbi cb bcchh 1894 roxa. Bi Banaai 
1895 roxa bt. r. flRyrcR*, cb pasptmeflia r. ry6epaaT0pa, BBOBb opraHBSOBaaa 
6hjh coBtmaHia co cjiixyftiaeD nporpaaMOD sanaTifi: 

1 ) BHCjymaHie OTieroB-b OTxixbHEixi* axcKypcaHTOBi; 2) nopaxoRi npexcTaa- 
jeaia axi bi Otx*jix; 3) npexcTaBjienie b% Boct.-Cb6. Otx^jii xeaesHoft othotboctb 
3a BCTeamift roxi>; 4) pascaoTpiaie njaHOBi pa6oTb b 6»xaeTa aa TeRymift toxt>; 
6) ptmeuie Bonpoca o nopaxat uoib30Baaia xo6uthmb 3a Bpeaa aacnexBaia xaTe- 
piaaaaa. 

Pa3caoTp*Baie x^TeabHOCTa BacnjexaaiH 3a 1894 roxi xaao cj*xy»mie 
pesyjbTaTH . 



0 




186 



STHOrPAOHIBCKOB OB03P&HIK. 



ilxewb aRcnexaaja H. A. BHTameBcaiS bt, OTieTBOMt roxy daaojBu* 
Bci BonpocH CBoefi nporpaiwu no ascaixoBaBia) coBpenefiuaro i)paxB*ecRaro 6uTa 
aayTOBi OTBiraiiH Bicaojitaxi BHxaDnjHxea anopoxiecaaxx. poxoaaiaabBaaoB* h 
cxiiiajn. MHoro OTxtibanxi aanacefi cnenjajbHaro xapaaTepa (npeaMymecTBeBBo o 
semen oj&30BaHiH n apioGpiTeaiB npaBi cotfcTBeaaocTa) Bi njuuixi CBoero cnenjajb- 
Haro B3ca , i»AOBaBia , xja Toro, iTotiu auiiTb BCTopaieciufi tiaaaci cbobxi BSBCBaaifi, 
r. BBTameBcaifl paacMOTpiiL apxiBH 4-xi aaopoxaiixi ynpas-b h 1-ro poxoBaro 
ynpasieaia, aaiflaaa ci xpeBBBBmBX'b xoayiieBTOBi jo 1815 r. KpOMi topo, 
r. BBTameBcxiB 1) upoa3Beai aaTponoaoraHecaoe BSMtpenie 101 cy6ieaTa b io- 
CTaBBJi xo 60 HeraTBBOBi ct> BSMtpeBBEixi jinnt (a*b coaaj'EBii), cbbmbb caamaoBrb 
naiaro paaiiipa); 2) Banaca-n, Ba6iK>x6Bia nax* xnyMa inaMancaaMB ceaHcauH, 
Ha KOTopuxi -cam npacyTCTBOBaji; 3) Ao6fWb x*a -flayTcaaro My3ea paaABiabie 
upcAweiH, Meauy npoaaMB- coxepaiBMoe xpeBuea inauaBcaoB uom&a b 4) Beji> 
3avBTKB pa3Hoo6pa3Baro xapaaTepa, OTaocanuaca xo paaaaiBHxi cropOBi asyseHis 
6ut& BajTOBi. Bee, <ito ee othocbtcb xo Dpaxaiecaaro 6nTa aayiOBi,, r. BaTa- 
meBC&HMfc nepexano ocTajbamrb aaeaaML Bacnexanja, aaxxoiiy no ero cneaiaab- 
boctb. Bt 1895 roxy r - BflTameBcaifi npexnoioxai'b BaaanaTbca BHacBeaiem rax* 
CTopoaii DpaxaiecaoS M3HB, aaaia noaa ocTaBajaca xJa aero TeantiUB, nyrewb 
pa3cnpocoBi, npacyrcTBia npa aaopoxHecBBX* cxoxaxi bi poxoBhixb b yjiycnaxi 
ynpaBjeuiaxt, npoxoasenieMT. B3Cjt*OBauia apxBBOBi xo 1815 roxa (ocTaBmBxea 
lie pa3CM0Tp-BBBbiiiB paa'Be— HaucKon b 3anaxBo-KaarajacK08 BBopoxauxi ynpaBi>). 
npa MapnipyrB no BecbMa MBoraax mbctboctbmi flKyTcaaro oapyra h xoporoBB3Ht 
pasi^axoBi, p. BBTameBcuia CTaBarb ocyaiecTBieaie CBoefi nporpawiH bi 3aBaca- 

MOCTB 0Tb CBOBXL JIUHBblXl CpeACTBl, Bl CJy*a4 OTCyTCTBUI BOTOpblXl xoizeHi 

6yxeTt aepefira ai> cTanjoBapBOuy B3CjrEAOBani» . 

Haeai dRcnexaaiB r. JleBeBTaaa 3a BpeMa cbobxi pa6oTt pascMOTpiji bc*b 
apxBBuae xoayMtaTH xo 1835 r. EaaraaTaficRofi (ci 1763 r.) b Hancaoa aaopox- 
bhxt> ynpaBi a a-BcaojbRax'b BaaraBTaacRBxi. aacaeroBi.. Ho na tb jrBTin wb paa- 
caoTptnie xoayMearoBii EaaraaTaficaoft auopoxflofi ynpaBM xoBexeao xo 1865 r., a 
B-BROTopbixi x*bjii BocTOHBo-KaurajacaoH a HaacKoa yupaBi xo 1850 roxa. 
^acTB co(5paBBbix , B MaTepiajfOBi uoxseprayTa o6pa6oTRB i&a „II&mjituob bubzkh 
^KyTcaoa 0<5iacTB aa 1895 roxi*. Ho x*^aMi UpacyTCTBeBBHXi Mien ro- 
poxa HayTcita, JleBeaTajib 03BaaonBJca ci o^aaiaJbBOi) CTopoaoD seMJieaiax'BBia 
a 3eMjenojb30BaHi*, MexeBaaia, pacnpextienia sexjia a noBBnaocTefi y flayTOBi a 
t. a. Coopanii npexBapaTejbfliia CBtxtaia (orb JlayTOBL) o6\ hbthbhoS BayTpeBae- 
o6uxecTBeaaoB cTopoat pacnpex'BjeHia 3e«ejib a noBaaaocTefi bi BaaraHTaacaonx, 
BoporoacaoM'b, Boctovbo - KaHPajacaoM/b a HaMcaoMt yiycaxi, iia Toro, iro6a 
aBBTbca bt, aasBaaBEia MicTa noxroToaaeBBbiirb at npoa3BOXCTBy MfccTaaro ascxixo- 
Baflia, ROTopoe xoixeai 6iwb aawb bi aoau'B aapTa 1895 r. Bojbmaa iacTb paooru 
eme npexcTOBTi Bnepexn: 1) nonojnaa npo6'feai b-b oxbbxi apxBBaxi xpyraMH, 
pascaoTpiTb bxl xo aoaaa 40-xi roxoB-b Teayn^aro b-bbb, aorxa moxbo yze yxoaie- 
TBOpBTbca aasa mi>"Hb6 yxb oabbmi., xsyaa apxHBaaa, xosexB axi pascMOTpiaie xo 
conpeMeaaocTB, a 2) iiyieMi naoroHacjeaaEixi> oiipocoBb a TmaTejbHbiMb 03aaaoM- 
leaieM-b ct TenymaaB A*-iaMB, a no bo3MOxboctb a nyieMi noAsopasxi nepenaceft, 
BUflCBBTb coBpeMeaau^r aaoBOMB^echia OTaomeaia aayTOBi AayTcaaro oapyra. 

l IaeB^ aacnexaaia H. H. MafiaoBb, aaai> 6hjo caa3aao, cootfmaji yse 
CBtx'BBia o cbobxi BKcnexHaioHBbixT. pa(5oTax*b BCTeKntaro roxa bi> ABTponojopane* 
cKifi Otx^jcb. Moatao erne npaoaBBTb, hto b<b nporpaBMy padon H. H. Maft- 
aoaa, aa paiy ct> aHTponojoraiecRBMa BBCJiixoBaaiaaB btbctbhxi aaopoxaeBi, 
BxoxBfb Taase asc j^xoBa aie pyccRaxi— aayTBai (RpecTbaai, RasaaoBi b t. a.), 

Cb BtCROJIbRO 0C06eHH0fi T01KB 3p3BW f — HMeHUO, C'L B^JbD yaCBOaia T4xi npBHBBT. 

a ycaoBia, npa ROTopuxi pyccsie o^iaityiBBajDTca. BificTt c% bthml r. MafieoBi 
nocT&BBTb Bonpoci o tomi, rrrbmi nyTCMi B^eit cauHfi npoaeccb o6iaiyiBBaBia, h 
bi boxpo6bo pa3BBToa nporpaMM'b ascaixoBaaia aaatTajb, xesxy npoiaai., Taaie 
nyBRTH: n yTpaTa a aopqa assaa"; onpexiaarb, aaaia BMeano eioaa h jbbtbbctbh6- 
ckia oco<5eBBOCTB ycnoBBRDTCJi paaame xpyrax*, ajfiDiaja ao-pyccRa chbobbmht, 
bib BoaaifDnpa; onaa'iaDniia MaTepiaibBbie* npexneTbi bib o6injji nonaTia; Hai6oaie 



\ 




H8BBCTIH H 3AMMKH. 



187 



cxoxbbb bjh, HaooopoTt, ocooeaao npoTHBODOJioatHiw oco6eHHOCTH pyccaaro 
asHaa; xpyroft nyaaTt: s B*poBaBia, o6niaH, nicaa a caa3aB a ; iyn> aBweica 
pan BonpocoBt, cxoxHHxt ct nocTaaieBBHaa Bbime; EBrepecao 6uio 6h xocjobbo 
sanncaTb aicTBue BapiaBTii oGme-pyccaHxt noBipift, caas&B, noroBopaa ■ t. n. 
Bt 1894 roxy, oxaaao, xtarejUBocTb r. MafiaoBa 6aaa HanpaBjieRa npe- 

HMymeCTB6BHO Bt BHJfCB6HiD o6mGCTB6HBO-8&OBOMHieCKBXb yCJOBift BpeCTbaBCRaTO 

OHTa, aaTepiwt se 9Tflorpa<f>BHecai8 npexnoiarajrocb coGapaTb yate Bt 1895 roxy. 
^taTejiBBOCTB qjeaa SEcnexaajB 9. K. Ileaapcaaro Bbipasajacb Bt 1894 r. 

Bt TOHt, TTO, BO 1-Xt, OBI npiBCKajt A J* daCDeXHIUH COTpyABBKOBl BO p03BHHT> 

OTX'BJaat cocTaBjeaBoa Bat h r. MafiBOBbiat nporpaaaH; bo 2-xt, npariacaji at 
3aBflCHBaaiD caaaoat b n^ceat Bicaoibaaxt rpaaoraHxt aayTOBt, B3t aoaxt b-b- 
xoTopue xocTaBHJB yze sanacaaBbia bmb caa3aa h nfccaa; bt. 3-xt, no BsaroMy a a 
ce6a OTAiiy („BpaBbi h aauioaajbauB xapaaiept") r. Heaapcaifi, ee HMiBmift bos- 
xoxboctb pa6oTaTb ih^bo, nopyiBit paGoTy XByat iBnaat, B3t aoaxt oxaat 
npexcTaBaxt pyaoDBCB, aaajimromyi) Bt ce6'fe OTBtTH m£ctbo£ o6h BaTe abb b n,bi Ha 
Bci bo?tb BonpocH nporpaaabi no BToay otx* jy; a ipyroa co6apa.it (jmaTBHecaia 
Maiepiaix Bt noxTBep»xeBie bib onpoBepseaie dTBxt otb^tobi; Bt 4-xt, r. 
neaapcaia npio6"piit 2 aonia ct bhcuiobbuxi saaKOBb, ynoTpeojaeabixt oxaaat 
BerpaMOTBHMt aayioat xja 3anaceS Bcaaaro poxa, ci noacaeaieMt a TeacTOHt 
XByxt mojbtbb, yTpeaaeft a no yconmaat; Bt 5-xt, sanaca.it okojio 70 saraxoat 
a o&ojo 25 bocjobbbt* a aoroBopoat, upBBeit Bt nopaxoat cocTaajeBByi) BHepai 
Bt 1893 roxy TatfjBny aayrcaaro poxcTBa a X**ajit Bt Teneaie roxa nei&in a 
otphbohbhb saaiTaa dTBorpa^aqecaaro xapaaTepa; Bt 6-xt, npopexaaTapOBajt ab4 
aayTcaia caa3aa, upacjaBBua B3L Boctoibo - Catiapeaaro Oixija H. P. 1\ 
06mecTBa; Bt7-xt, rjaBHbiat saaaTieut r. Heaapcaaro 6ux& pa6oTa aaxi <Sayrcao- 
PyccaflH'b cjOBapem, aoTopaa uonoja^jica aaTepiaaom., xocTaBieBBuax aaai» 
yHacTBaaaaa BacnexBnja, Taai a lacTBHtca lanaxa; tob se ^jb bxi» sanacu- 
saiacb bob lib (ae Bomexniia paaie bi cjOBapb) cjoBa asi xbboS aayTcaofi pi^a, 
B3i nacem a xoayneBTOBt sa aayicaoMt «shk4, B3BieHeea cjOBa asi> noMBByTaxi 
2-xi caa3oai», upaieMi oCpameao BBBManie ua o6orameHie cjiOBapa d)pa3eojorieft, 
cxfejaBH cpaBBeaia cxoxbuxi ct. 6ypaTcaaMB ciobi (nociOBapD Kacrpeaa) a lipo- 
mTyxapoBasH jlmh tob se h4jb w Odhth cxoBapa TDpacaaxi Bapi^ifi" aaaxeMaaa 
PaxJioBa (I— IV bhd.) a „AjTaficaie BBopoxn.u 0 Maccioaepa Bep()Buaaro. Bt 
1895 roxy r. neaapcaifl npexaojoxBJii aasaTbca acaimaTejLBO o6pa6oraoD cBoero 
ciOBapa . i 

r. ^MBTpieBi Bt 1895 roxy npexapBBa.ro, npa nocpexcTBi BBTeuareBT- 
bhxi HnopoxneBT. a Hieaa dacnexBnja r. Heaapcaaro, aacaixOBaTt nojioseaie 
BBOpox^ecaaro caOTOBOXCTBa bi BaTypycaoat a ^DncBHcaoat yjycaxi, b% Haa- 0 
caoxt — noatca xicTBaro caoTa ci aflTaacaaxi*, xaBmia xopomie pe3yjtTaTH bi 
caoBiecaaxt cejieniaxt, leaamaxt Bt pafioaaxt Bume yaaaaBBHXt pa6oit. 

Tr. OcMoxoBcaoMy a Heapaeoay nopyieao 6h jo co6apaT& CB-Bxtnia : 
1) o SBtpoaoBCTB* a pH6oJOBCTBi, b 2) o6t nrpaxi. a yBecejeuiaxt, no nporpaMMB, 
cocTaBieaaoi rr. IleaapcaBHt a MadaoBuxt. Ho nepBOMy OTxiiy^ apoa* TOiaaro 
OBBcaaia Texaaaa, peaoxeaxoBaao o6paTBT& oco6eafloe BBBMaaie Ha 6aT0By© cto* 
poay (oxoTBBiba o6u^aa, noBipui, npexpaacyxaa, raxaaba a t. n.) 

IIo BTopony OTxtjy, 3a oicyTCTBiext at r. ^ayicai noxxoxantaxt bcto^bb- 
robl, nporpaaaa cocTaBjeaa o^eBb apaiao; Bt see BxoxaTt: arpa a satiaaH 
xtTefi, id Home a a aapocjibixb, o6mecTBeBBbia nrpn a yBeceieaia, arpa, saaacTBO- 
BanHHfl y pyccKHXb, BpaBBia roCTenpiaacTBa. GocTaaua njiaai 3aaaTiu aa 1894 roxt 
aacaypcaaTH pbuiajia: 1, cotfapaaie aaTepiajfOBt bo BTopoay oTxtJiy aaiaTb ct 
1895 roxa a 2, xepsaTbCA aooSme CTanionapnaro cnoco6a B3crExoaaBifi. Paftoaoat 
Xia BscxixoBaaifi 6hjo as6paao cejieaie HypaaiH, BaTypycaaro yjyca flayT- 
caaro oapyra, ct ero oapecTBOCTaaa . Bt Te^eaie 1894 roxa co6paaH noxpo^BHa 
CBix^aia: 1, o6t oxot-b aa nia^t Bt paanbia BpeaeHa roxa, 2, o6t oxotb aa 
aaeneBt a 3, o6t osepaoat ph6ojobctb*b. j[^TO«t 1894 roxa aacaypcaaTbi coBep- 
mHJiH aoidxay Bt BaaraaTa&caifi yjyct, rx* co6paia CBixtflia o6t oxors aa hex- 
Bixefi, jocefi, BOiKOBt, jbcbb> a titioat. Bt 1895 roxy npexaoaarajocb: 1, coo"a- 



Digitized by 




188 



BTHOrPAttHqBCKOE OB03P*HIE. 



par 0 CBixfcnifl at toxi ace pafioHi 06% arpaxi h yBecejeaiaxi, 2, cosepmBTB 
noisxay Ha p.p. Aaxaa* h Ampj, xjh cotiapaaia CBtxtsift 0 pimoab pu6o- 
lOBCTet a n& npoBipaa h xoaojaeaiB Bcero cotipaaaaro paste. 

r. ropHHOBHiem, pa6oTaBiflHMi nax* B3CjtAOiaHievi bcbjbih*, ninui h 
oxexxn aayroBi ci MaTepiaateofi b Ghtobob ciopoBH, bo nporpaax* cocTaBjenaoft 
rr. DesapcKflMi h MafinoBHa'b, b% 1894 r. cotfapajacb MaTepiajn bt> oapecTBo- 
CT&x-b c. Hypanni a hlTHX'b-Ke.ib (BaTypycaifi yjyci). Onacaas: a) Xutnw. 
1) Bajiarana cymecTByDnjBX'b tbbobi; 2) Aatiapijia xayxi tbbobi; 8) Ypaca — 
■cHesaonuB tbbi i"btbbx% acajanvb. 6) Uuufa. Ha ocaoBaflia co6paaBaro aaTe- 
piaja ycTaHOBjeao: 1) raaBaaa ah ma aayTOBi — o6e3*apeHBoe bojoso (cyopar a 
Tap); 2) xaifb BaycoBaa aemecTBa a cypporaTH nama, npatiaBjaDTca paajBiaua 
Be BHTaTe j b b ha BemecTBa (oopexijeBH 6oTaHaiecaiH Ba3fiauia cbiAotiHiixi pa- 
creaifi); 3) aai xj^buxi ajaaoBt aiaeflb (bi bbj^b nptcanxi jenemeai a oiaxifi) 
ynoTpeGiaerca aayTaaa bt> oieHk aajuxi aojaiet-TBaxi, a npoiia xittfa a Toro 
aes-fee; 4) xeiaa* pn6emaa (ayaxy h atitfaax) Bb TeieHie noiyroia cjyxarb aaaa- 
BHM'b noicnopBeai tifcxBaaaai. ftp yah aa ate pa6a a mbco — rjiaBuaa cocTaBaaa *acTa 
flflfllB 6"oraieft. H31 oxeacxH onacaaa: 6yxBB?naa a npa3XHBiHa/i, 3bbhbx a jtraaa 
oxeaua aayTOB*. Kpoai Toro, 3anacaaH oopaxn npa Bn<5op* MtcTa a aocTpoeai 
6axaraaa a xpyraxt saxnuvb a npa BOBoeejbi b% dapBHy, a Taxxe cocTaBjiena 
saflBcsa o cBaxe^aeHi nap* a 061 oxeatx* a yapaaieaiaxT. bi CTapaay ace. 

Bt 1895 roxy apexnoioaceBO 6aio cxiiatb b'bckoj&ko 110*3x0 kt» bo pa3JH*- 
bhmt> yiycaai i*n nono-iaeaix coopaaaaro aaTepiaja a npoBipaa ero, a Taxace c* 
H-BJtH) BUDCTpapoBaTb cbob pa6oTH, npa bomoihb <J>OTorpa<$>HiecKaro annapaTa. 
Pa6oTH no xaaaoft Teat em jb oaoBieHH ai 1 aBBapa 1896 roxa, Taxi xaa%, 
xpoai cotiapaaia aaiepiaxa jbhbhbi> Ba6j»xeBieai, apexnoiarajocb npoinTaTb rt 
Tpyxu, aBTopa soTopuxi xotb oTiacTH aacaiacb npexxeTa xaaaofi tcmh. 

Do OTX'bjy yyHZHK'b a aapoxHoe TBopiecTBo", rpaMaaTaqecaia B3HcsaBia 
r. AcTpeacvaro saaiD^ajacb bt» BuacHeein Teaauxi oyasTOBX aayrcaoft rpax- 
xaTBKB) apateai pyaoBOxamaaa xxa B3citxoBaTejia 6h^b bsboxh B.iBuepa o 
BaxeaLBHxi cy<t>4>B&cax'b Tcpacaaxi a3Haorb (Winkler, Uralalt. V61k. and Sprach. 
Berlin, 1884 r.) KpaTaia onepEi aayTcaoft rpaaaaTaaa 6y>erb npajozeai vb cjo- 
sapD r. Deaapcxaro, bi 6ojte ace boxpo6boxi bbx* pesyzbTaTH rpaaaaTB^ecaaxi 
aabicaaaift 6yxyT% npexcTaaxeBEi bt. BocTOHHO-Gfl6apcKifi OTxtJi H. P. T. 06me- 
cTBa, bi $opMi aeayapa. Ho <|>ojib&jopy co6paao 6 utceai: .0 Bocxoxt cojana, o 
3eajt, o p. jleH'b, 0 pi. TaTrfe a xst ntcna 0 Boxat; 3 (.aa3KB: 1) Hyprya — 
tojoa; 2) HjypryB — 6oryp a 3) Kylaye — 6ord oaoanjop cilipiaaa aa&xcaa iaai; 
xo 200 saraxoxi a xo 30 nocjosai^'b a noroBopoa*. Be* npoa3BexeBui aapoxHaro 
TBopiecTBa 3anacuBa»Tca Bo-aayTcaa, ae nepeBOXBTca aa pyecaia a3HKi Bnpexb 
xo BBixoxa bt> cb4ti cjioaapa r. Ileaapcaaro. Bt> 1895 roxy r. flcTpeacaift npex- 
nojarajt H3yqaTb Beo6xoxnayi) aaTepaTypy Tyaryccaaro, T»pxcaaxi» a aoarojib- 
ckbxi Bapiiift, saaaTbca asciixoBaaiaaa n o6jacTB rpaaaaTaaB aayTcaaro asuaa 
aax*b naxexaaH poxBTejibnuai a aicrabiMt, 3anHcueaTb npoa3BexeHia Hapoxaoa 
ycTBofi cjOBecHocTB, cocTaBBTb apaTuifi oiepKb jiayTCKofi rpaaaaTBKH uu upajo- 
aceuia ai cjOBapo r. IleaapcKaro a aeayapi 0 rpaxaaTBiecaoai CTpoi aayTcaaro 
A3uaa — xia Bocio4HO-Da6apcKaro Oixtia M. P. V. 06n;ecTBa. 

CTanioBapaaa HscjrBXOBaHui r. I o hob a bi o6jacTa aayrcaaxi Bipoaaaift 
6b jb pa3CiflTaHH, rjaBHua* o6pa30BT., aa BuacHeuie Bonpoca 0 3arpo6Boaii cyme- 
cTBOBunifl — bi rowb npexHOJoateBia, hto bt» npexcTaBieHia o6i> stout* npexaerfe 
aaciixoBaTejb aaiixeTi ae TOJibao jliioii xi noBaaaniw aHorexi HeacnHxi. aBieaifi 
*% otfjacTa aayTcaaxi BtpoBauiii, uo, hto ropa3jo Baacate, a pyaoBOxamyx) hbtb 
Xia xajbHtfimBxi pascupocoBi. K-b coxaj-BHiD, coopaHHuft xo caxt nop* r. Iohokhbi 
00 BToay Boupocy aaiepiaji ae cooTBBTCTBOBan BaxHociB npexaeTa. i jaBBHai ace 
npio6p , BTeHieM'b b% yxauHBaeaoa o6*acTB aayTOB'BX'BHia titxyeTi ciaTaTb BUJicaeBie 
cjiixyiomax-b noHBTift 0 xyxaxi: 1) Kym—cyp—yop; 2) Ihhi 3) A6ac* (a(5acH 
ojyHa, a6acn yea); 4) Aju (aja ojyHa, aju yea). Bh* btbxi paxoBi ctobti aoaa 
Xia bbcj'bxo b aTe j a m/ipdo a manapa. 

HHopoxenx B. B. Hnan^opoBi, B3aBmiR aa ce6a coCapaaie CB*xtBifi 0 




H3BUCTIH H 3AMUTKH. 



189 



ceMeftBom 6ht* jixyxoBi, n ottothom* roxy cocpexoTOiHj* caoe BHraame Ha 
OTxtaaxi o tipaai ■ CBaxb6*-B — ci oxcofi CTopons, h cMepra h noxopoHaxi — ci 
xpyrofi. HacjiAOBaTejb npH stout. 3anecuBai% o6paxn h otfimaH, Tenepb yxe 
6ojfcmei> nacTtD Hecooivxaexbie h ho cymecTBy»mie, ho ssBicTBHe no npexaauiirb 
h paacaaaajn* cTapnaoBi. Bi CBoeni, oT^eri r. Hikh^odobi xa**, saai o^pasem 
cbohxi sanHcefi, onHcame o6paxa 8 ajcHT aT t a Ha pa", — upoBoxoBi 6orHHH poxoBi 
(na 3-fi hjh 4- ft xeHb nocii ooBBjeiiU pe6eHxa Ha cb*btiV 

Hii&OTopHe H3i 9 Kcsy pcaHTOBi yciiijH o6pa6oraT& cotfpaHHiie bmh MaTepiajH 
bi bhx"b pe^epaTOB*, aoTopue h 6hjh sacjymaHU bi cotfpamaxi komhhccIh: 

1) T. ropHHOBHu: „atHJHme h nnma axyroBi EaTypycxaro yiyca b* 
rHrieHHHecKOBii OTHomemi". 

2) T. BiTaiefiCiaro: a) coo&neme oxByxt maiiaHcxBxi ceancaxt, Ha 
soToptixi upHcyTCTBOBaii pe^epeHTi, h o HeotfxoxHMOCTH npHMtneBij! $oHorpa4>a 
xt sanHCHBaaii) manaHCKHxi tokctobi, h 6) „Ochobbh* npasnjia pacnpextJteniji 
36mjh y BKyroBi oxHoro h3«b yiycoBi iExyrcxaro oxpyra". 

8) r. £LcTpencxaro: „0 poxHTejEHom h vbcthomi naxezaxi h o pojh 
yxa3aTejbHiiixi MicTOHirfeHifi bi aayrcaoMb bshk*". 

4) F. II e k a p c x a r o: „0 ^KyTcxo-pyccxoui ciOBap** (ero CHCTeMa, MaTe- 
piaiH, HCTopin cocTaBjeHiji h t. n.). 

IIjiaHH npexcTOBBiHHxi pa6orb, Bnpa6oTaHHne xo Haiaja hxi, pa3csHTaHH 
6vutE axci&ypcaHTaifH raxi, mo6a x^ xoHuy 1895 roxa aaxoH^HTb HsaatxoBaHie 
Bcero tfixyrcaaro oxpyra. Ho o6fljie uaTepiaxa h cjoshoctb pa60Ti BCKJciacn, 

9Ty B03HOBLHOCTB AM tfOJbBIHHCTBa y MaCTHHXOBl 3aKOH1HTb X6 patfOTH B*b 1895 T. 

npexnojarajH r. BHTameBcaifi h menu BacnexniUH, pa6oTa»mie bi auTponojornie* 
cxoft rpynni. 

B. H. IoxencoHi, H3CjfixoBaTeiB Kojuvcxaro Oxpyra, oTnpaBHaca bi 
r. CpexHe-KoxHMCKi bi Hawaii xexaopa 1894 r. h tojbko pa3B*B ct» $eBpaj* Micaija 

MOrb IipHCTyUHTB XI CHCT6MaTHH6CXHX1t 8aHBTiBlf 1 . 3a 0TXBJ6HH0CT&K), CB^AtHifi 0 

xox* ero BxcxypciH He nojyieno xo BpeneHH cocTXBjeHi* „3anHcxH a . 

B) Pa6oT« no Hsyiemi) 6Hta HHopoxn.eBT, OjieKMNHCKaro Oapyra (rjaBHHifb 
otipaaoMt, npiHCKOBHxi patioiHxi hbi nKy-roBi) BexyTcn G. 9. RoBaiHKOMt, 

KOM aHXHpOBaH HHH *b HenOCpexCTBeHHO CaMHMT> B0CT0HH0-Ch6 . OTXilOMl. TOHBHXt 

cBBx^nift o xox* bthxi pa6oT*b bi ilxyTCK'B noxa ntr*. 



BTopoe OTx^JieHie KHnepaTopcxofi AxaieMia Hayxi nocraHOBUo npncTynHTb 
ki HSxaHiK) ooxbmoro co6paHi^ BeJHxopyccxHxi eapoxnuxi ntceHi HSBicTHaro 
co^npaTejji IlaB. Bac. IUeftHa, noxi ero pexaxi^ieft. HeiaTaflie BToro ctfopHHKa 
HaiaeTca bi cbmomi HenpoxojiUTejibHOM'b BpexeHH. C6ophhbt> 6yxerb sasjDHaTb 
B-b ce6fc upenMymecTBeoHo nicHH o6paioBua, 6utobhh h mpHiecxui; obi co- 
CTaBJUJica bi Teneuie MHornxi j-btt , h bi* Ha^Toamee Bpenn HaTepiaja Haopaioc* 
npaGjBMHTejbHO na 100 ne^amuxi jhctobv B% coctbbi BToro asaxeiiHiecKaro 
H3xaHia BoftxyTi, Mezxy npomiii, HixoTopse MaTepiaibi hbi apxisa namero 3tho- 
rpa$n?ecKaro Oixtja, xoTopue nepexaHH, conacHo nocTanoBjeHiK) OTxiia, U. B. 
nienay im budiohIji hxi bi ero ctiopHHsi bi BHxaxi uixbHOcra, ci ycjoBiem 
o6oaaaHeHia Hveni co6upaTejeft. TaxoBu cotipanin: 1) If©. Cyxanoea— H3* HnxHe- 
yxnucxaro oxpyra Mpxyicxofi ry6 ,2) M. B. J[yiUHunou—B3'b BeTjyzcxaro y. 
KocTpoMcaofi ry6., 3) if. if. IOpKuna— nai ApxaTOBCxaro y. Chm6hpckoh ry6., 
4) C. &. Mepynoea — h3t» IIomexoHcaaro y. ^[pocjaBcaoH ry6 , 5) Xk. Beapy* 
icoea — H8T» KpaQHO) 4>nMcxaro y. KocrpOMcaoft ry6., 6) A. H. ipom^VaxAepa — 
H3-b CMOieHcxofi ;ry6., 7) H. /J. KoAo6a.ee a — H3% TaM6oBcxoH, Caiiapcxoft, 
CapaTOBcaoH h CnM6Hpcxofi rr., 8) 0. H. Bapanoea — H3i» OpenOyprcxoft ry6., 
9) M, Kocmnpunoik— hbt, To6ojbcxo 5 ry6., 10) V .ILB\>oneec%ato — H3i Oxoea- 
caaro y. Tyjibcaofl ry6., 11) B. H. Xapymnou — H3i MaJoapxaHreibcaaro y. 
OpaoBcaofi ry6., 12) A. (Dopmuucxaio — H3b MuxafixoBcaaro y. Pa3aHCKofi ry6., 



Hsdanie evMtnopyccmxb mbcem. 




a i 



190 



9TH0rPA*H4KCK0B OB03r*HIK. 



13) M . M. KyxMiua — B3i> BoJoroiCEOH ry6. HaKOHeu,*, bi cotipaeie r. HleflHa 
BofixeTi 6 oil id oh c6opaaai U. A. Jdeauunxaio — bsi Boioroicaoft ry6., octeb- 
mifica HGHane^aTaHBHiix npa asiaaiE ero xaTepiaiOBi no 9TBorpa$iB BojoroxcaoH 
ryo*. (cocTaBHBmHxi IX-fi tomi „TpyiOB* 3THorpa<j>aqecaaro Oiitja"), i ioboj- 

B6BBblH C06HpaT6ieML BBOCJBACTBl'fl. 



H3BicTHaa Oaoaeaaaa caasBTeabBEua, Boojeaaaua a npirojocaaaa Hpaaa Ah- 
ApeeBaa OexocdBa, boio6bo caa3Hiejp M. T. Patiaaflay (ex. itaaorp. O6o3p. * XXIII), 

lipCABpBBBja 9T0H 3BB0& BO BpOMJI BpaSlBBBOBl PoXAeCTBB XpBCTOBa BOB3ABy R3*b 

HeTep6ypra bi Mocasy (bi conyrcrBia npeuojaBaTeja UeTposaBOAcaoft raiiHasiH 
U. T. BHHorpaAOBa), c% ubibJD AeMoacTpaaja o6"pa8n,OBi aapojaaro ninia B9i oojacrH 
6hjbbx, xyxoBBnx* cthxobi, CBaAeGaux'b h BOxopoBBHxi apaHBTaaifi h jpyrBX* B*B- 
ceai, B*b kotophxi GeiocoBa ciuT&eicn cneaiaaacTEoa cBoero rfja, bpetoei Be TOjaao 

TBI!B*HOft BCDOJIUBTftlbBBaefi, BO TBKXe B CaMOCTOBTejbUblB'b TBOpaOMt, D09TOMI 

XyAOZHBBOMl. HmB OejOCOBOB ABBHO BSBiCTBO B3yqaCBUIMl BapOXEYK) B088iE>. 

TpoBaAHbifi MaTepiaji bbi ea penepiyapa Bomej* bi astaaabia E. B. BapcoBHMi 
aflpaiBTaaia cBBepaaro apaa" (1872 — 62, 2 Tona). BuocjiicTBia BaaiBTejbBHB xa- 
Tepiaji OTt Hea xe 3aflacaBi 0. X. ArpeeeBofi — CjaBaacaofi e B3Aaa?> bi ctfopBEai 
Oil „OiiBcaaie pyccKofi apecrbaacaoft CBaAbGu ci Teacrowi b uicBauB otipaiOBiom, 

rOJOCB.lbHblllB, npBHBTaJbHHMB B 8aBHBaJbBHXB, Bl 3-Xl *aCTBXl". (TBepb, 

1687—89), rii xexxy BpowMb npflioateBi b BopTpen* GejocoBoft. HiaoTopua saaECH 
CAiaann oti bob Taaxe 0. M. Hctombhhmt. b T. 0. ^Dimex* (cm. „ITecbe pyecaaro 
aapoaa", B3A. HMoepaTOpcKBEi P. Teorp. 06inecTBom aa Bbicoiafime AapoBaaabia 
cpoACTBa. (CUB. 1894). Bo Bpeva CBoero npetibiBaaia bi Mocbb£ H. A. BeiocOBa 
BoepBHe BonojiHBja utaoTopiie o6pa3B^ b% hecthomt, cotipaiuB y npeiciuaieja 
9TBorp. Ontja, B.O.Majjepa bt> npBcjTCTBia aiaoTopbix'b cneajajHCTOBT,, 24 jeiatfpa 
1895 r. 3aTBM*,8-ro aHBapa 1896 r. efi 6hxo oocBameHO cneaiaibBoe nyfaaraoe 
3acBiaBie 3TBorpa<J>HH. OtmM* bi IIojBTexHBqecaoiii Myaet, npaqeai. BcnojaeHii) 
niceBBBXi BoaepOBi OeaocoBofi upeimecTBOBajB coo^meaia IIpeicixaTeja OTiija 
BceB. Gei. MBJjepa h aenp. 06mecTBa E. B. BapcoBa, aaai 061 oioaeaKofi 
B093ia b ea npeACTaBBTejiax'B Boo6iae, Taai o GeiocoBofi bi ocoCeaaocTB. Kaai 
ua 9T0M1 3acBx&Bia, ran a aa iiocj-BAOBaBmewb aaTtm 3acB^auia CjaBBBcaoft 
aoMMHccia IlaaepaTopcKaro Moca. Apxeoaoraqecaaro 06mecTBa bi x* Ilpeactaa- 
TejB 06mecTBa rp. U. G. YBapoBoft c% yiacTieat GeiocoBofi, 9a aeo 6lub aa- 
BEcaaBi aiaoropue tckcth h By3HKaxBBHe aovepa, aoTOpue mh aaxteaca BaneiaTart 
coBpeMeaexi; apoai TOro, Hieai aaraero 06mecTBa H}. H. Bioei 4>oaorpa({>Bpo- 
Baji ataoTopHe san^BH GeiocoBofi, a Taaflvi o6paaoB% aaxaerca Bcer^a B03- 
MoxaocTfc, ct» ero conacifl, cjHmaTb OeaocoBy n MocarB, Taaxe aaai h 
Pa6flBBaa. $OTorpa$ia cx aea caaTa (JjoTorpa^Mi II . n. IlaBJOBBMi (bm% 6hji> 
caan b H. T. P«6bbbhi). Hombbo y^eaHxi o6mecTBi Goxocobe absjmh BBCTy- 
uaja bi> Mockb* nepeii» ny6jBaofi b% ayjiBTopiE HunepaiopcKaro HcTopa^ecaaro 
ay3ea a aaxxafi pasi 6bua BpaaBMaexa ct 6oii>ibbmb oBanjaaB. On 3THorpa<J>B- 
vecaaro OT^iia eft noxBeceau aa naxaTb cepe6paaBe nacn; spout Toro, bo Bpex- 
cTaBjieaiD Toro xe OTxiia, HMaepaTOpcaoe 06mecTBo JlD^BTejeft EcTecTBOsaaBia, 
AHTponoioria b dTaorpa^ia apacyxwo eft cepe6paayx) Beiaxt. 3aflMCTByeBi ai- 
aOTopsia AonoiBBTejbBbia CB-Bitaia o OexocoBoft ast ,,PyccaBXi BixoMOCTeft (< y 
lb 356, 1895 r.- GeiocoBa— DOHTeBBaa. cfeiaa cTapymaa, 75-te jtbt*, Be6oibmoro 
pocTa, atcaoibao crop6aeHaaa a npBxpanHBa»Bxaa, bo 6oxpaa, aeceaaa, c% 
BpiBTBHHfl qepTaaa jaaa. HecMOTpa aa cBoft apeaioaBbifl Bospacn, OTcyicTBie 
xaorsxi ay6oBi b oibimav, GexocoBa iipnnflTaerb aoboilho rpoaao e Moxen rim, 
ci nepexbimaaMB, usjue ^acbi. HerpaaoTaaa, oaa noMHHrt xo 20,000 cthxobi, b 
b% BTOMb OTBomesiB xaieao npeBocxoiHTi 6HBmaro paste b% Mocaat ojoaea- 
aaro xe caasBTeaa Pa6EBaaa. Kpoa* rpoaaxHoft naxji?B, oaa o6iaxaeTi xapoMi 
HMnpoBB3aaia a, ycBOBBi c$6£ Baccy aapoxaHxi Bbipaxeaift, 9EBTeT0Bi, npacjOBift, 



Ilomdna H. 4. Qedocoeou eb Moatey. 




H3B*CTIfl H 3AMHTKH. 



191 



MoxeTi nepejaBaTb xaxe upocToft pascaa3i Biotipasaofi, cKiaxaoa aapoAao-no&TB- 
qecxofi <J>opni. HuTepecHH Taicate motbbh e» npaTOTanifi c% xapaBTepHHMn bcxjh- 
nuBaBUUfu, ea pa3BOo6pa3HHxi. CBaAe6HHXi> ntceni, BaKOHew*, ea 6ujtHH*h (nanpu- 
jriipt, o Ao6puBi Hbkhtbi'b), KOTopua OBa noCT* HHa^e, it»n>, uanpHMtpi, 
PatiaaflBi. YposeBsa c. KyaapaH^H, Bepcraxi bi 30-th oti IleTposaBOACRa, oaa 

CI paBHHXT> jriBTl OTJBiaiaCk DOBJITIBBOCTBK) H tiofiROCTMO, CI JD(50BHTCTBOMl B 

HBTepecom npacjy aiaBa j act ei napoxBum npH^BTaHiaiit h aicaaifL, blhbo 3a- 
BOMBBaja hxi h yate 13-th j^ti Morja caMa BHcrynara bi poan BOBieauBBH — 
npn aoxopoaaxi, oTxa^axi bi peapyTH, b boatojochhuh — - Ha CBaxi>6axi>. ^iMi 
xajie, t4h* aaTepian ea Bee yBeja^BBaJca, h oaa apiotfpiTajra ce6* Bee 6ojb- 
myio B3B*CTB0CTk. 19-th ibn> oaa Bunura saiiyra, bo cotfcTBeBBOMy atejaBii), 3a 
65 -tb A*BTaa ro cTapHKa h sHJia ci BBMt HBpso h c^ctjibbo 13 j-eti. Ilocjfc toto, 
oaa BHBua btopb^bo saMyxi, yace sa HOJojoro (b'bcroalro aojoxe ea) BeAocoBa, 
xopomaro CToaapa, ROTopufi, Be aojaABBt c* cAJ*A*efi> (baobob" abah), 6ojn»myxofi 
bi ceMffe, nepecejiHicii bi IleTposaBOACRi, rxi oaa h Bpoauua ci bhmi 20 i^t*. 
3x4cl ee ysaaji h3b4ctbh5 Ph6bbrobi, 3anBcaBmifi orb sea utcitojibKo 0hihbi 
(oaa saaeTi, Bnpo*ein>, jbbii HeHtroria hsi bhxi), a Taaxe E. B. EapcoBi, 6*hb- 
mift tow BpefloxaBaTeieM* ceMHsapin. Obaob-bbi btopbhbo, BeAocoBa ocTajact 
bohth 6e3& BoaxBxi cpe^cTBi, zHJia y xeBepa h sapaCaTHBaia cetfi xoe-MTo jbbu> 
cbohmi HCKyccTBom. Oaa CHBTBJiacB BepBOD BOfljeBBfln,efi bo BceMi spat, h ee 
aparjamaiH sa xecaTM BepcTt sa soxopoBH h cia^Cn; bo B03BarpaaLjenie Aaxe 
Ha 6eraToS cbbxb6 i b ) sa BeA***) uiuin, He npeBHmaio o6hrbob6bho 2 — 5 pyfaeft. 
Bt nocitxBie tow HcxyccTBo BejocoBofi otfpaTajo aa ce(5a tfojitmoe BBBMaaie; ee 
flpanacBJia ri cetffc r-sa ArpeaeBa-CjaBaBCRaa, sanacaBmaa ortBeapai* ufecefli 

H HXl MOTBBOBl. 3aT*BMl iTfeCTHHH npenOAaBaTClL pyCCKOfl CJOBeCBOCTH II. T. 

BaaorpaAOBi apaBesi ee bi HeTepGypn, tjifb oaa B-feja h4cxojbko pasi bi> Coia- 
bomi Topoxat, bi sacBAaaia BTBorpaffl^ecxaro OTX'BJeBia HunepaTopcxaro P. 
reorpafaHecEaro 06mecTBa a bi co6pania AxaxeMia HayKt, apanem efi 6m& 
BHxaaa Mexaib sa ea hcrjcctbo. OcotfeBao saBHTepecoBaica e» rocyAapcTBeaaaft 
soBTpojiepi T. H. ^HjfHBBOBx, apexaozBBmifi ea xaxe aoMimeaie y ce6» bt, aom*, 
tab 0Ha h renepi npoatHBaert. 




H3JXAHIH 3THOrPAd>HHECKArO OT^JTA. 



A) ,JPYAbl 3TH0rPA<DHHECHAr0 0TA"B/IA". 

in 4 # . 



Eh. I. C6opHHK , b aHTponojoriiqecKHX-B u aTHorpacjm^ecKiixTi CTaTeft o Poccin. 
U/l>Ha 3 py6. 

Eh. II. Hapo^uma itbchh JTaTbinien. 9. R. TpeuMtuda. JJfim 4 py6. 

Eh. III. Bun. I. HpoTOKOjna aacf^auifi OTA-km ci» npiuoJEeHiein* cra-reS. 

D/BHa 1 p. 15 k. Bttn. II. 3bipaHe h 3upaHCKifi Kpafi. K. A. Ilonoea. 

I]/ftna 1 py6. 15 eou. 
Eh. IV. TIpoTOKoau 3act ( ^aHift c% npiuioaiemaMii. U;hm 2 p. 
Eh. V. MarepiaJiw no aTHorpatJuu pyccKaro nacejenia ApxaHraiLCKoft rytfep- 

Hin. //. C. EkpuMQHKO. ^acTL I, uiiia 2 py6. 50 koii. HacTL II, flrfiHa 

1 py6. 50 koii. 

Eh. VI. MaTepiajm no STHorpacjrin JIaTbiuiCKaro bjcmohh. 9. Jff . Tpe&Aauda. 

U/ima 3 py6. 50 koji. 
Eh. VII h VIII. IIpotokculi ci> npiiJOffiemaMii. U^Ha 2 py6. Kaa^aa. 
Eh. IX h XI ('i. 1 n 2). C6opunKT, CB't^Hift flan nayieHiA 6uTa KpecrtaH- 

cKaro nacejenia Poccin (3 BiinycKa, no 2 py6. KajEAwfi)! 
Eh. X. PyccKie .loiiapH. Huk. Xapy3una. B;hmC 3 py6. 50 koii. 
Eh. XII. IlIaMancTBo. Bun. I. B. M. MuxauAoecKaxo, Il/IiHa 1 py6. 50 koh. 
Eh. XIII. AcrpaxancKie Kajaimtn. Hp. A. JEumeuKaxo. U.ijEia l"py6. 25 kou. 



6) „A/1TAMCKIE HHOPOAUbl". 

C6opHiiKi» 8THorpa4)M«iecKnx*L cTa-rcn n nscxBAOBaHift. B. H. Bep6uma%o. 

IJ/fiHa 2 py6. 



B) „PyCCKIfl Bbl/IHHbl". 

wsx- noxb pej. ana^. H. C. Tuxoupaeoea n npo<{). B. 9. MuAAcpa, ex. npiu. 
pyKOBo^amnx'b ii uoacHHTCiLnMXT, craTeft, yitaaaTcui, ifroTornuiu n iiotl. 

Ulina 2 py6. 



M^" »*Tpy,jH 9THorpa<J)H«iecKaro OTxfcja" n ii:ypuaj r L ? ,3THorpa<Jui*ie- 
CKoe 06o8plmie" UHpKyjapHWMii paeiiopHiKeHiiMii V. MiiHiicTpa Hapo^Haro 
upocBBiueiiia pesoMeHAOBOHEi a.ia npio6p BTeiiia. bt> (JyH.a.aMeHTaJBUbia 6n6jio- 
tckh BcixT, cpeAnoyieGnbixL oaBcuemfi. ""^Hl 



HpuMtbHanie. Y^e6nuH a&Benemn nojJb3yrTca yciynKoft 40% np* nosyn&i „Tpy- 

flOB*", KpOH-6 Bfl. I H II, KOTOpiM H3A&HH Ha H&CTHHfl CpegCTBa. 



Digitized by 



KA*KA3CKAH BHBJTIOrPAGIfl . 



193 



06aop%, i8X. bi Tb<J>ihc4, (peA.— H3a. H. HaaoxaA3e). 1878- 8—10— 13 — 14 — 
17 — 22—28—31 — 53 Maaaa A3ia no Nouveau dictionnaire de g^ographie univer- 
selle. M. Vivienne de Saint- Martin. Paris. 1877. — 11, 13. JlaTepaTypaoe abb- 
xeaie bo fcpaHnja bi 1877 r.— HncbMO aat 3yrAHAa o npaBaxb CBaaoBi— 11, 12, 14. 
Cyji npHCjisBHxi Ba KaBxaab. A. QpeHxeAb.— 15, 32, 39. ApAarani (sTaorp. 
onepK-L Bepxaefi KapTajBBiB) Ap. KymatueAadse. — 41. Apaafle bi Kapccxoai 
caBAJxaxi. H. AxeAediauu.—M . DocjiAOBaTeibHOCTb b npaBH TyseaHofi newa. — 
55. A^JiTejibHOCTb TopaacoBa Ha KaBKa3B.— 63. Eb6j. Transcaucasia and Ararat 
by lames Bryce. — 88. 3acfcAaHie KaBxa3. 06m. j»6bt. ecTecTB03aaaia. A, Baxy- 
moei. — 137. 3eiuieA , BJ!b*iecKaa nixoja bi 3axaBxa3bB. — 149, 150. Hayiaaa jiBTepa- 
Typa o KaBaaa-B — 161,162. Top.Hyxa. — 163 — 5.— Kyraici I. CetaAt. — 170,176, 
207, 214, 217, 218, 224. ApMaacxaa npecca b* Poccia — 181. Ba6a.: Kaara MyA- 
pocTB h jjxh, nep . A. IiampeAu. — 187—189, 191—8. BaTyni. b jaaa. ft. Batspadse. — 
202. „rojocb a o rpyaHH. ashx*. — 222, 223. Axajnax-b. — 225, 22 Eb6*j.: 3a- 
Aaaa KJBMaTOioria KaBitasa, co*. B. CmamicoecKaio. — 2 0. IIo3eiiejbHufi Bonpoci 
bt» KapccKofi o6iacTH.— 237. 0 AyxoGopaxi. — 239, 241. H31 jbbshb M. Asia. — 
245. Fop. Topa. I. CetaAt (acTop.-CTaTBCTBi. o«iepa% ) — 256, 258. Bh6j. Apxeoj. 
nyTemecTBie no Typin a Aiwpt ft.H. Battpadae* Cu6. 1878. — 329. Top. .Hymen. 

1879 r. 351 (3-ro hub.) Haceieaie BiaAaxaBxaacKaro oxpyra.— 363. 369. 
Mampoei, T. Typeuso-TaTapcxifi xshxi h ero Baptnia.— 366. H. H. II. K* 
Bonpocy 061 asyneuia KaBxaaa (npewaraeica cocTaBBTb npeABapaieAbHo „TOJK0Bbia 
pyaoBOACTBa kt> B3y^euiio Ty3< mhhxi a3HX0B-b a ).— 1880. — 381 (4 abb.). Teaapi- 
Xaai-UIypa (xopp.): o aenpaBanHOCTB AareciaHcxaio nacejeBia at TpyAy. 389, 390 
(nepeA. ct ), OatBAaeMaa axcneAHnja b% Mepsi. — 416— 417. 425, 437.— IZawtwo, 
II.j Ho aa^HTofi CToponxi (afccTa, npfljerai>mia xi EepcBACKOiiy 3WBBy). I. Oti 
Bymapa ao Hctfaraaa. 421. K). II. Kt> BHflMauiD ycTpoflTejefi V ApxeojorBHecxaro 
ci'B3Aa bi Tb4>jbcb. I. HeasAaBHua aapTH aapeBBia Baxynna. II. Tpeiifi nemep- 
BHfi ropoAb aa KaBxast. III. tfciesayBDiie nepraiieBTbi sa Kaafcaai. — 432. HaaiB 
OTBomeaia xi Depcia (nepeA. ct ).— 418, 422, 452, 429.434,440,451. Uaviuno 

II. 0 XBBHXl B HOpTBHXl (B31 JBTepaTypBHXb BOCnOMBBaHlH ). — 441, 442, 443. 

Ovepxi apaaHcaoS acTopBiecxoa jraxepaTyps (npo<J>eccopa K. HammHoea, nep. 
Ex. EacudoMoeoH ci apMancxaro H3i 1-b xh. sxypa. „nopoA3i", aa 1880 r.) — 
445, 447, 478. 525, 526. Hamuno H. Ho 3a6uT0H CTopouxi. II. Hc<J>araBi— 
,H*yjb<|>a.— 446. IIlaxmaxmuHcxiu, Manedt^ HeBpya* — JiafipaMS (bsi aycyjibM. 
pea. B*p.).— 465. JKyicoei A n. Ilamano b ocTarsa ero BOcnoMBBaaifi.— 464. 
Hep Baa rpyaHHcxaa jeanja (<(*eibeT0Bi): T. I^epeTeiH o ApeBBefi »noxi HCTOpia 
Tpy3iB. 466. Iiepemem T. IlepB. rpya. aexai^ (nncbao ai peAaaTopy). 467. IIo 
noBOAy nacbMa r. U,epeTeia (^ejibeTOHi).— 479, 482, 488, 491, 496, 503, 504, 
519, 531, 550. IlypueAadse ftMumpiit, TpyaBBcaie ueptOBOse ryAaapa (rpaMaia) 
(MaTepiaiH ajlr apxeojioranecxaro ciiaxa). - 512. UyptWAadse ft. MaTepiaiuAAa 
03naxoMAeBia ct acTopiefi rpysia.— 521. OceTBucxi* A'bia (nepeA. ct.; ynOMBH. b 
B'fex. cTap. o6aiaB oceTHHt ). — 535. TeaaTcxaa cb/ituha (aosacTupb TejaTCxiB). — 
539, 540, 542, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 551, 552, 553, 556. Bepotce, Ad. II. 
HpacoeAHHeHie Tpyaia xi. PocciB. 1799 — 1831 (nepenewxa aa* w Pycc CTap. 
aa 1880 r. Mafi— i»Bb) *). 

BaBaBEadCsitt B^cthhcl 1838. — 3. Otphboxi B3i rpy3Bflcxofi HCTopia 
o na^ajit ocHOBauifl HeepcRaro MOHacTHpa aa Aeoacxofi ropi X b. no P. X. A. 
Mapeoet. — 4—6. CBaTaa liana. CiaxoTBopeaie A. Mapcoea.—l . Utphboki B3b 
rpy3BBCKofi acropia o i^apcTBOBaiiia TaMapa 1171 r. Eeo nee. 

1839. 7. 0 3anpemeBia BAaA^Tb KpecTbauaaa JHn.aMt He xpacTiaa. BcnoBixaaia. — 
20. 06baB. npoAaxa cb nyGiaiaaro Topra Tpex% ceaeficTBi apecTbaai B3b 6 Ayaii 
ayzexoro a 6 seacx. noja ci bxi aa'BHieB'b. — 50. 0 «aanB b A'SBBiaxi rpya. 
aapa Hpasiia II. A. Mapcoe*. 

1840. 29. Orb rpya.-BMep. ry6. npaBjeub o ny&iaiBOB: npoAasi xpecTbani. 
32. IIpoAaata xpecTbaai bi yAOBieiBopeHie xo.ira kb. AaajaxBapn. 



*) TaaeTa BBOBb (hocj-b 2 <j>eBp. 1879 r.) npexpaTBjacb 10 i»ja 1880 r. 



Digitized by 




194 



BTHOrPAftHIBCROE 0S03P*HIE. 



1841, 19. Ilpoxaxa caxa Rases. KpecnuBiBa b* yxoBi. xojra <ihbobbuui 
AMHpoBa. 

1842, 22. fljuo o npncBoeuii n kpoctbahctbo. 

1843, 14. 0 npojaxi KpecTbaHi cb aemefi h aaymecTBOM i . 

1844, 20/ 0 nop* ik* npoB3BoxcTsa xki* no yrojOBBHMt npecTynjeaiaab jran>, 
HMenyDmBxi cefa asaaypaMB. 

1845, 1. Gb. Haaa. JI. J. 2. Akt% bt. Tb<J>ibc. rBMEasifl 77. I. — 3. JtVro- 
ciacieaie rpysflacxoe //. 3,4. MipTKoacRift KoaacTbrpL . — 5 . ApeBBi* Ha3saBii 
rpys. litr/meBi. — IIocoJtcTBO ott> nap* KocTeaTBaa xo BopoieBH ranraaacROB 
Eic6eTH — 6. AepoeHTCnia BpaTa bt> UnpeHia. 77. J. -AaBBxi BosotfaoBBTeJb. 

17. Tpya. ycTnafi K&ieaxapb //. 7". — C T*aT bctb Ka sap. npocB. bi 3aiaBKa»bt b* 
1845 r. — 8, 9, 10. Kb. II. A. UauiaHOB*, 2? — «v — 11. rypia b BjaxtTeibaaa 
Typiftcaie Ka*3ba. — OceT. rpamiaT. aaax. merpesa. — 12. 13, 14, 16. Illio— 
MauBMcaaJi nycroiHb 77. J. — 18. Kan xc sift xpam. — 19, 20. Bocxoxxeaie Ba Kaa- 
6eai r. KoaeaaTB.— 19, 20. Yuikcl — ijh xe.— 21— 28. HyteBHa aanacRB bo 
KaxeTia 77. I. 

1846, 1. Pi*b kb. r. dpacTOBa napx) TeopriD XHT bt. 1798 r. no cjyqaD 
noiyieaia hmt> oti bmh. Haoia napcxon perajia.— 3. Tb«jbcb. — 4. TaBpasT..— 

6. Eloxoxi AproHaBTOB* bi Koixaxy — 6, 8. PaaaB*. BaaMeaoBania rpysnHi. — 

7. Bsrjax'B Ha BCTOp. coChtw bt» TpysiH XI h XII bb. H. EeAaxoet. — Ilorpe- 
6ajbaue o6pjixH rpys. aapeft.— 13. 3exa3eBCKift MoaacTbipb. M. VuMee-b. — 14 — 

18. JRaoHeonacaaie Ara-MaroMeTi-xaaa. —16. IlyTemecTBie KT»roK*aficKofio6jacTB.— 
20, 21. Koiynmaa TymeTia. B. Ifucnaporb. — 21. Kom. B Tope oti. yMa a . — 0 
xpeBBBXi aasBaaiaxi rpysna* b MBarpeaoBT.. Kn. Bapamoe*. 22. IIotsxKa bi 
KaxeiiK) 0. C. 23—25, Uapan,a Taxiapa no Baxynrry. — AiaBepxcKiff npa^xnacb. 

1847, 3. TaTapcaaa ntcna.— 4. HUrcab Tefiitypa3i-xana.— 4, 21. Kaoapxa. — 
7, 8. Oiepaa KaxeTia.— 18. BoscraaoBjieHie Mbptkobckbto MoaacTiipa. — 23. Ac- 
capificKLfl XP6BBOCTH. — 22, 23. 24. 0 aapoxaom tioraTCTBi bt. KacuiftcKofi o6jacrs. 

KaBKaicKBH GTapiraa 1872. 1, T. KaBRa3CKaa apxeojorBiecxaa jr&Tonacb. — II. 
06% HCTopaf ecKOMi, aaateflia cojana y apnaai, in. 06% bkobt; Cnaca bi Tb^jbcckomi 
AaiacxaTCBOMi cotiopi. I\. MoaacTiipb AxTaja. V. Bsnaxi DniiaxaflBCKaro apaaa- 
CBaro xyxoaeacTBa aa xpfcnocTHoe npaBo. VI. 0 npnTOaaxT. y(Sifi CTaa . FpB6o < BxoBa. 
YN. IlBCbMa apxienacK. IocH<j>a ApryTaacaaro o Tpysia. VHI. Kapa6arcxie apMaacaie 
Hoaaxa bi, Tpysis Cb 1800—1808. IX. 06bi^aH aomeau 6opox« ■ bojoci, y 
apMBBi. X. AxaaTCKifi Moaacrapb. IX. 0 ^yn* bi Tb$jiecb bi 1797 r. a o aa- 
xepsxaaiH napeai» ' Peopriem XII b% Tpysia npBHaxieaxanxaro dqaiiaxsaHCKony 
npecTOiy CBameaaaro Konia. XII. IlBCbHO apMABCKaro narpiapxa E<})pena bi» kb. 
&. H. roian^By. 

XQI. DyTeBHJi sanacKB no MaarpejiiB Ra. P. J{. dpuctOBa. 

XIV. 0 npeinoiaraeMOM'b 06mecTB'B jiD^BTeiefi KaBaaacBofi apxeojioria. 

XY. 0 KpecTbaacKOMi cociobib bt. Mnarpejia. Kb. 3pacT0Ba. 

XVI. CayTBHe roxH 3wiaA3Hacaaro naTpiapmecTBa (1798—1809). 

XVII. IlBCbBjo aa^ajbBHKa rpasxaacxaro ynpaBJieaia 3asaBKa3CKBMi xpaeaii 
II. A. JlapBacKaro ki HaTpiapxy Hepcecy Y, oti 2 aapTa 1846 r. 

XVIII. BcTynBTeibuaa je^la B J^Djopbe no aaeexpi apMBacaaro as. a jHTepa- 
Typu. riep. kb. H. A. 

XIX. Ha^ajio neiaTa y apaaai Bb XVI ct. 

XX. 0 npflBBjerapOBaaubixi cocxoBiaxi bi Maarpejifl Kn. P. A- BpHCToaa. 
XXf. JliVroBBCb npotoiepea Tepa— Oraaa BocKep^anai. 

XXII. OTBpHTie 9<iMiaA8EBCKaro ApMaao-rparopiaBCKaro GBBoxa. 

XXIII. HcTopu Tpysii aa ocaoBaHia hobhxi B3CjfBxoBauifi. A- Baxpax3e. 




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Full text of "Этнографическое обозрение, кн. XXVII, 1895"

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