The Eocene & Oligocene beds of the Paris basin

BERS

FARVARD:. UNIVERSITY. vA AIAN

ie PPS GEO IRA SE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
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THE
EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE SBEDS
OF THE

PARIS: BASIN.

O

GHOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION.

DEE

» EOCENE & OLIGOCENE BEDS

PARIS BASIN.

BY
GEORGE F. HARRIS, F.GS.,
AND

HENRY W. BURROWS, A.R.I.B.A.

(4 Paper read before the Geologists’ Association,
on April 3rd, 1891.)

SEPTEMBER 23RD, I89I.

ALON DON :
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE:
EDWARD STANFORD, 26 & 27, CockspuR ST., CHARING Cross, S.W.

Price, Three Shillings net.

HAYMAN, CHRISTY AND LILLY, LTD.,
PRINTERS,
HATTON WORKS, 113, FARRINGDON ROAD,
AND 20, 22, ST. BRIDE ST., E.C.

CONTENTS.

PREFACE 5
THE EOCENE BEDS

Sige eS ULI SOL, VIGO By aE GELY 5

FALUN OF JEURRE, MOLASSE OF ETRECHY,
MEULIERES OF BRIE

FIG. 13. SECTION FROM VAUGIRARD TO MEUDON

36
47

Page 19, Line*34

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For

1B Ieee a ira

Dissostoma mummia, read Dissostoma
mumida.

Astrea-marl|s, read Os/rea-marls.
Jurre, yead Jeurre.
(Seep. 11)) teads (Seep. 10g).

Cistella Chevatieri, read Crstella
Chevalliert.

Soletellina, read So/enotellina

Dissostoma mummia, read Dissostoma
Mumia.

Volutolyria Riga ttt, read Volutolyria
Rigault.

1881, read 1889.

CONTENTS

PREFACE . P
THE EOCENE BEDS

THE OLIGOCENE BEDS . ; 34
AN OUTLINE GUIDE TO THE PRINCIPAL SECTIONS AND FOSsILI-
FEROUS LOCALITIES 44
PALHONTOLOGY OF THE EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE SRS OF THE
PARIS BASIN ‘ - ov
INTRODUCTION TO THE > TABLES OF MOLLUSCA 63
TABLE OF THE EOCENE MOLLUSCA . . o4
TABLE OF THE OLIGOCENE MOLLUSCA F ee LOZ
NOTES ON THE Lists OF MOLLUSCA es NEW “Names
PROPOSED) . 3 : : It0
APPENDIX I : TI4
APPENDIX II ; ; : 5 = MI
INDEX TO GENERA AND SUB- Genera OF MOL LUScA 116
GENERAL INDEX. ‘ ; 5 125
LIS [OF Pil EUSiRARIONS
YGroLocicaL MAP OF THE PaRIs BasIN . - To face page 1
FIG. 1. SECTION FROM COMPIEGNE TO CJISE-LA-MOTTE re 3
Fic. 2. DIAGRAM INDICATING THE DISPOSITION OF THE
TERTIARY BEDS UNDER PARIS. , * 3
Fic. 3. GENERAL SECTION AT Issy (PARIS); CALCAIRE
GROSSIER, LIGNITES ‘ ‘ 5 8
Fic. 4. SECTION AT CUISE-LA-MOTTE ; SABLES DE & CUISE Ree ea LT
FIG. 5. SECTION OF THE “ BANC VERT” F “ 19
Fic. 6. SECTION AT ARCUEIL ; CALCAIRE GROSSIER ; ae eA
FIG. 7. SECTION AT THE ECOLE D’AGRICULTURE,
GRIGNON ; CALCAIRE GROSSIER : : e223
Fic. 8. GENERAL SECTION AT AUVERS ; LOWER SABLES
MoyYENS, HORIZON OF AUVERS 5 : cape ais
Fic. 9. SECTION NEAR VER, ROAD TO ERMENONVILLE ;
MIDDLE SABLES MOoyENS, HORIZON OF
BEAUCHAMP a : ene,
BIG) 10s SHGRION Ade eA CHAPELLE- EN- SERVAL ; “UPPER
SABLES MoyENS (HORIZON OF ’MorTE- «
FONTAINE) AND MIDDLE SABLES MOYENS . Foe ek
FIG. 11. GENERAL SECTION AT BUTTE D’ORGEMONT
(CARRIBRE BAST) ; GypsuM BEDS AND
MARLS . : 5 32
FIG. 12. SECTION OF THE QuARRY 0 OF VINTU, E-TRECHY ;
FALUN OF JEURRE, MOLASSE OF ETRECHY,
MEULIERES OF BRIE : j ~ we
FIG. 13. SECTION FROM VAUGIRARD TO MEUDON é oemee oi

Vretace.

BELIEVING that it would be useful for the members of the Assoc-
iation to have a concise account of the Eocene and Oligocene
beds of the Paris basin laid before them, according to the most
recent views of Geologists who have written on the subject, we beg
to submit the following description of that interesting area for
their consideration. In doing so, it may be stated that we were led
to study the Paris Tertiaries from aconviction that it was impossible
to satisfactorily solve many important stratigraphical and paleeonto-
logical problems by an examination of English beds of correspond-
ing age alone—and we have not been disappointed. In fact, at the
outset, we will go so far as to say that no adequate conception
can be formed as to the meaning and value of our own Tertiary
beds and their organic remains without conjointly studying those
on the other side of the Channel—especially in regard to the
paleontological aspect of the subject. Attempts hitherto made to
correlate the Tertiary beds of England with those of France and
Belgium have been mainly based on the evidence afforded by the
Mollusca, and rightly so, seeing that the remains of these latter are
so abundantly distributed throughout ‘the whole area. ‘Their
occurrence in such large numbers, and in such a perfect state of
preservation, in the Paris basin enables us to work out the
sequence and life history of the Eocenes and Oligocenes with much
greater facility and precision in that area than in England or
Belgium ; and the student will, consequently, do well to direct
his attention to the French area in the first instance. In this con-
nexion, allusion may be made to the fact that many of the recog-
nised English Lower Tertiary Mollusca have been referred to
species occurring in the Paris basin, and already described by
French authors ; and that the types of these must consequently be
sought in that area. In order to determine accurately many of
the genera and species, it is absolutely necessary to possess perfect
specimens ; and these, so commonly found in the Paris Tertiaries,
are exceedingly difficult, and sometimes impossible, to obtain
from the English beds of the same period.

In studying this subject we have paid many visits to the Paris
basin, both separately and together ; have seen practically all the
typical sections described in the following pages ; and have traced
the beds over considerable areas. To a certain extent, therefore,

Vill. PREFACE.

we speak from personal experience, and have ventured to pronounce
judgment on many disputed points. This paper makes no attempt
at correlation with English beds, although we have deemed it
advisable to give the generally accepted classification by repro-
ducing the views of Professor Prestwich, F.R.S. (see table, p. 2).
At the same time, we do not necessarily endorse this classification
in its entirety. é
During the preparation of this work we have received
assistance from various Geologists, both at home and on the Con-
tinent; and we gladly avail ourselves of this opportunity to
acknowledge the same. We have to thank Dr. Henry Woodward,
F.R.S., for his kindness in permitting us to examine in detail the
magnificent collection of Paris basin Tertiary Mollusca contained
in the British Museum (Natural History) ; to M. Cossmann we
are indebted for much valuable information and co-operation in
the revision of the lists of fossil Mollusca, as well as for the
valuable additions given in Appendix I.; M. Gustave Dollfus has
kindly looked over the proofs relating to the stratigraphy of
the basin and assisted us in various ways; whilst Dr. Maurice
Hovelacque has been our guide in many of the classical districts,
and his maps and note-books have most generously been placed
at our disposal during our different excursions in the Parisian area.
Mr. R. B. Newton, F.G.S., of the Natural History Museum, has
aided us in revising the nomenclature of the Mollusca ; Messrs.
A. Smith Woodward, F.G.S., and J. W. Gregory, F.G.S., of the
same Museum, have critically examined and revised those portions
of the paleontological section relating to the Vertebrata and
Echinoidea respectively; Mr. J. Starkie Gardner, F.G.S., has
looked over our remarks concerning the fossil plants ; and
Mr. C. Davies Sherborn, F.G.S., has assisted us with the biblio-
graphy. We have also to record our appreciation of the many
invaluable suggestions made by Mr. F. A. Bather, M.A., F.G.S.,
in the course of his editing and passing the work through the
press. Lastly, we have to thank the Council of the Geologists’
Association for their kind consideration in issuing this lengthy
paper as a separate publication.
Geo. F. Harris,
20, Craster Road, Upper Tulse Hill, London, S.W.

August, 1891. HeENRY W. Burrows,
94, Elm Park, Brixton Hill, London, S.W.

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THE

FeeENE’ AND OLIGOCENE BEDS

OF

Wine PARIS BASIN:

THE EOCENE BEDS.

Ir is difficult to define the precise geographical limits of the
Paris basin Tertiaries, for the reason that on the north and south
the beds insensibly pass, as small outliers, or e masse, into those
of adjacent Tertiary areas. On the north-east they are bounded
by those of French Flanders and Belgium, and on the south and
south-west by those of the Loire; and any attempt to draw the
exact boundary lines of the basin in these latter areas must
be an exceedingly arbitrary one. The limits of the basin are
more clearly defined on the east by Cretaceous rocks, and on the
west by Cretaceous flanked by the Palzeozoic and eruptive rocks
of Britanny. <A glance at the accompanying map will show the
general position of the immense district included within this area.

The Tertiary beds of the Paris basin everywhere repose on
the Chalk, except, perhaps, in the case of a few small outliers to
the north where Lower Cretaceous rocks come to the surface. The
junction between the Tertiary beds and the Chalk is often very
uneven, and there, also, the bed of green-coated flints, so charac-
teristic of the horizon over north-west Europe, is met with.

Before commencing the detailed description of the beds we may
state that, as the Paris basin is so large, and as certain of the beds
have only a local development, it is occasionally difficult to cor-
relate them one with the other, or to give their exact succession
or superposition. Some formations, however, have fortunately
a much greater extension, and are clearly traceable over large
tracts, so that the debatable ground of the more local beds
referred to is brought within very narrow limits vertically.

The dispositions of the Secondary and Tertiary beds of the
basin, together with their inclinations with reference to each other,
and the directions of the different axes of such inclinations have
been well described by M. Dollfus.*

* Bull. Serv. Carte Géol. France, No. 14, t. il. (1890), Paris.

THE EOCENE BEDS

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4 : THE EOCENE BEDS

CLASSIFICATION OF THE PARIS BASIN EOCENE.

y, Ligurian-..-.. 13. Gypsum and marls.
12. Limestone of St. Quen.

II. Sables Moyens.
Wa. eutetianerccsns. 10. Calcaire Grossier.
(c. Ypresian ... 9. Sands of the Soissonnais.
. Sands of Sinceny.
. Lignites of the Soissonnais, &c.
. Plastic clay.
. Rilly limestone.
. Sands of La Fére and Chalons-sur-Vesle.
. Sands of Bracheux.
. Marls of Meudon.
. Pisolitic limestone.

Parisian «...~ e. Bartonian ...

6, Sparnacian ..
Suessionian. ~

(a. Maudunian..

Hd WU ON oO

3
The word Suessionian (Swessonten of d’Orbigny) is derived
from the Latin name of Soissons—Swesszones ; Maudunian from
Meudon ; Sparnacian from Spfarnacum, Epernay ; Ypresian from
Ypres (Belgium) ; Lutetian from Zzéetfia, Paris; Bartonian from
Barton (Hants); Ligurian from a district of north-west Italy.

1. PISOLITIC LIMESTONE.

AT Meudon, near Paris, this bed is seen resting on the Chalk ;
typically it is a yellow limestone composed of small rounded
grains and largely made up of pieces of shells. The same bed
has also been found, amongst other places, at Bougival, Vigny,
Laversine, Ambleville, Montainville, Flins, Montereau, La Faloise,
and Mont-Aimé near Vertus. Its thickness varies from 6 feet
6 inches at Meudon to 162 feet at Mont-Aimé, and, following
the different localities, the lithological character somewhat
changes. ‘The following fossils of this horizon may be cited as
characteristic :—Wautilus danicus, IN. Heberti, Trochus Gabrielt,
some large Cerithia, Crassatella pisolithica, Corbis multilamed-
losa, Cardium, Lima, Ostrea and Cidaris Forchhammeri (C.
Tombecki). A glance at this fauna at once shows that the
Pisolitic Limestone is a passage bed between the Secondary and
Tertiary formations ; hence, like other similarly-situated beds in
Belgium and elsewhere, it has suffered many vicissitudes—at one
time being classed with the former, and at another with
the latter. But the incontestable affinities of the major part of
the fossils with those of the Cadcatre de Mons, in the south of
Belgium, lead us to follow those who include the ‘“ Cadcatre
pisolithique” in the Tertiary; we are nevertheless of opinion
that it is older than the Belgian bed referred to. It seems
to occupy a position intermediate between the Cadcaire de
Mons and the Zufeau de Ciply, and as such should be classed
with the Palaeocene series of continental geologists. For the
sake of clearness, however, we have not included the fossils found
in this bed in the accompanying list of mollusca (p. 64).

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 5

2. MARLS OF MEUDON.

THESE local marls, which are well developed at Meudon, are
occasionally very strontianiferous. They are white, unctuous,
and contain 20 per cent. of carbonate of strontian, 75 per cent.
of lime, and 5 per cent. of clay.* They are many yards in thick-
ness, and have been divided into two parts. (1) The lower,
containing hard nodules of limestone, apparently rolled, with
Potamtides tnopinatus and other mollusca, which M. de Lapparent
thinks+ are derived from the destruction of a bed contempo-
raneous with the Calcaire de Mons; and (2) the upper, having
concretions fissured with Vzziparus aspersus, Rillyia rillyensts, Heltx
hemispherica and other shells, the whole presenting much analogy
with the fauna of the Rilly beds presently to be described. Professor
Prestwich, F.R.S.,states,{ hesitatingly, that he should feel disposed
to refer all the lower Tertiaries of Meudon to a much higher
horizon, and to classify them with our Woolwich and Reading
series.

8. SANDS OF BRACHEUX.S$

As a general rule these sands repose directly on the Chalk. At
Bracheux, near Beauvais, they are about thirty-nine feet in thickness,
very glauconitic, and contain Ostrea bellovacensis, Arctica scu-
tellaria, Cucullea crassatina, Axinea terebratularis, Venericardia
pectuncularts, Volutilithes depressus and other mollusca, the more
important of which have been given in a list by Prof. Prestwich. ||
Other fossiliferous localities exist near Beauvais, but the shells
require to be treated on the spot and carefully removed, as they
are very friable. We were informed that fossils could be obtained
at Abbecourt and Noailles ; but a visit to the last-mentioned place,
although showing a magnificent section well repaying the visit,
was disappointing from a paleontological point of view.

4. SANDS OF LA FERE AND CHALONS-SUR-VESLE.

THE sands of La Fére in the Aisne, which form another local bed
resting on the chalk, are composed of very fine sands with grains
of glauconite, and contain a small quantity of argillaceous or
calcareous matter. They have a total thickness of about twenty
feet. The glauconie inférieure is a bed on this horizon, well

* Jannettaz, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2°. sér., . xxix. (1872), p. 41.
+ De Lapparent, Trazté de Géol , 2 ed. (1885), p. 1127.
ft Prestwich, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xliv. (1888), p. go.

§ In describing these sands at this stage we do not necessarily controvert the opinion of
those who have given reasons for placing them higher in the Tertiary series. This is not a
correlation paper, and we cannot, therefore, discuss the points at issue; the order here
adhered to is that adopted by the majority of French geologists. In any case the Sands of
Bracheux are of Lower Eocene age.

|| Prestwich, of. czt., pp. 96, 97.

6 THE EOCENE BEDS

developed in Picardy between the Oise and the Somme, which
has formed the subject of a special work by M. De Mercey.*

At Chalons-sur-Vesle,t Jonchery, Brimont, &c., a bed about
thirty-two feet in thickness of yellowish grey sandstone in three
divisions is found reposing on the chalk; whilst above come thirty-
two to thirty-nine feet of siliceo-calcareous sands with a rich fauna
at the first mentioned place, including Corbula regulbiensis, Proto-
cardia Edwardsi, Ostrea bellovacensis and Beloptera Levesquet.
At Jonchery also the sands are exceedingly fossiliferous.

5. RILLY LIMESTONE.

AT Rilly-la-Montagne, near Rheims, a series of beds is found on
the Chalk, and their precise position in the Tertiary series has
long been a matter of dispute with geologists. The following is
a section of the large sand-pit at that place.

Section at Rilly,.t

. Yellow sand.

. Bluish clay.

. Lignites with Cyrena.

. Yellow, blue or brown clay, reposing on white marl; the surface of

this clay is clearly marked.

g. White marl, very argillaceous, sometimes yellowish, without

calcareous concretions, worked for hydraulic lime.

jf. Bluish clay, plastic, irregular, but with a horizontal surface.

e. Marl, with numerous small concretions of crystalline limestone,
without fossils, makes a poor hydraulic lime, and at the base
has blocks of hard yellowish crystalline limestone full of
fossils.

d, Yellow sand.

c. Very pure white cand, without pebbles or fossils, but with angular
fragments of hyaline quartz.

6. Ferruginous sand, sometimes agglutinated, with pebbles and
impressions of Cardium.

a. Chalk, having its surface pierced by boring mollusca.

The lower beds of this section, as at other exposures in the
vicinity, have yielded marine fossils very analogous to those
of Brimont, Jonchery, Chalons-sur-Vesle and Bracheux. The
bed e is the type of the celebrated Marl and Limestone of Rilly,
with the remains of land and marsh-loving mollusca such as
Viviparus aspersus, Physa gigantea and Helix hemispherica. ‘The
bed z¢ with Cyzena indicates the presence of the ‘ Lignites,” and
seems to us to fix clearly the horizon of the Rilly Limestone. The
same class of evidence is obtainable at other spots in the neigh-
bourhood, and, bearing in mind the relationships to and intervention
of the marine sands beneath them, it is difficult to see on what
grounds the Rilly Marl and Limestone can be placed at the base

DS ss.

* De Mercey, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. viii. (1880), p. 26.

+ For details of this section, see Gosselet, Budi. Serv. Carte Géol. France, Paris (No. 8,
January, 1890), p. 7.

ft G. Dollfus, Anz. Soc. Géol. du Nord, t. iii. (1875), p. 159; also Hebert, zd. (1874).

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 7

of the Tertiary series—a position to which the late Prof. Hebert
assigned them. We are inclined to agree with Prof. Prestwich,* M.
Watelet,+ and others, that the Rilly Beds should be placed at
the base of the Lignites and Mottled Clays. This raises a question
as to the age of the Marls of Meudon (p. 5).

Near Sézanne, what is generally regarded as the Rilly Limestone,
contains an abundant flora described by M. de Saporta.{ Above
the Chalk comes a sandy unstratified bed, on which rests a
travertine about sixteen feet in thickness, and here it is that the
fossil plants were found. From the general appearance of the
deposit and its included remains, French geologists regard the
Sézanne limestone as the site of an ancient cascade which was
surrounded by large trees. Some of the characteristic ptants
found are alluded to in the paleontological section (see p. 62).

6. PLASTIC CLAY.

Tuis formation, which does not differ in its essential characteristics

from our Reading plastic clay, is of very variable thickness in the
Paris Basin, being only a few feet in some parts, but as much as
162 feet below St. Denis. M. Ch. d’Orbigny has shown § that it

ae with the Conglomerate of Meudon, formed of three
eds :—

1. Grey clay with plant remains.

2, Laminated clay with gypsum, lignite and fresh-water shells—
Unio antiquus, Physa Heberti, Viviparus suesstoniensts.

3. Rolled fragments of chalk, and pisolitic limestone, with Vivzparus,
Diplocynodon depressifrons, Gastornis parisiensis, Coryphodon
anthracoideus.

Above this, omitting unimportant local deposits, comes the
true Plastic Clay, which is divided into two main parts, the g/atses
and the fawsses glaises ; these beds are separated by a stratum
of fine clayey and lignitiferous quartzose sand, about seven feet
in thickness, with pyritous concretions. M. de Lapparent says ||
that this sandy bed becomes of more and more importance as it
goes towards the Soissonnais, where the Plastic Clay in its turn
is not well developed. These sands are about thirty-two feet in
thickness in the forest of Compiégne. In ascending order we then
have a striped clay with Os¢vea edlovacensi’s, and sometimes a fresh-
water limestone. ‘The Plastic Clay is largely worked for tiles, and
other building purposes.

* Prestwich, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. x. (1853), p. 3003 also Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., vol. xliv. (1888), p. 99.

+ Watelet, Wéi. Soc. Malac. Bele., t. x. (1875), p- 113-

t Saporta, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2¢. sér., t. vill. (1851).

§ Ch. d'Orbigny, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 1 €. sér., t. vii. (1835), p. 281.

|| De Lapparent, Tr. de Géol., 2 ed. (1885), p. 1139.

8 THE EOCENE BEDS
Fic. 3.—General Section at [ssy (Parts).
{tn ins

iferous, with Vo/utilithes
cithara, etc. (Grignon beds). 6 6

Middle

Ste Grossier, very fossil-
9

« .

Calcaire
Grossier.

Sy SES Ree Se
24. 4 eo fe

Ol eRe <eiie
ep init ea )

ete ay Calcaire Grossier with many
fossils, Cerithium giganteum. 6 6

Glauconitic Calcaire Grossier with
fossils . : ‘ : 5 eh 6)

Lower Calcaire Grossier.

sten, with NMummutlites levt-
gatusandlargegrainsof quartz 3 3
{ Impure clay, sandy and pyritous,
with lignite in parts. ous

7 Conglomeratic bed, Pain de prus-
6

6

4 Grey sand with bands of lignite . 6 6

3:Grey clay, fausse glaise . : «SRO

{ Plastic clay, variegated, with
| nodules of pisolitic iron a LOMEG

Plastic Clay and Lignites.

§ Marls with Physa, etc., found in
rl borings.

From Dr. Hovelacque’s Notes.

7. LIGNITES OF THE SOISSONNAIS.

Axsour this horizon several local deposits are found which are
difficult to correlate with each other, but which generally are
lignitiferous or black clays of varying composition. According
to their development they have received numerous names ; but as
these have only‘a local value, we prefer to describe the whole in
general terms. The lignitic characters are best marked in the
northern portion of the basin, and the beds are sometimes known
as the Lignites of the Soissonnais. Perhaps the best known
section is at Sarron, near Pont-St.-Maxence. At the time of our

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 9

visit there last year, we found the pit half-filled with water, but
the strata were sufficiently exposed to give us a typical repre-
sentation of the unctuous black or blue-black clay with fossils.
Of the latter, amongst others, we brought away Corbicula cunet-
-formis, Melania inguinata, Neritina globulus, N. consobrina,
Potamides funatus, P. turbinoides and Tritonidea /ata.

The Lignites, whichare never more than thirteen feet in thickness,
are here and there worked for copperas and alum. A lacustrine
marly and bituminous limestone is sometimes found in the upper
part of the formation ; along this horizon also, at Molinchart,
we get a sandstone quite fifty-eight feet in thickness. ‘The Belleu
Sandstone, near Soissons, celebrated for its plant remains, is
probably of the same age. The flora has been described by M.
Watelet,* and others, and includes Czznamomum formosum, Saltx
axonensts and Ficus.

Near Rheims the “Conglomerate of Cernay,” from eighteen
inches to twenty-three feet in thickness, and the ‘ Marl of
Cernay,” from three feet to thirty-two feet in thickness, have
been rendered famous by the extremely interesting and well-
known mammalian fauna, described by M. Lemoine. ‘The
Marl is also found at Mont de Brimont, Rilly, Mont de Berru,
Vandeuil and other localities. Above it come thirty-six feet of
lignites and clays with pebbles, in which the fauna is practically
the same as that at Sarron already alluded to.

_ The Lignites and associated clays are also well developed near
Epernay. In the vicinity of Montereau the Plastic Clay is
employed in the manufacture of porcelain; and in that district
also is found the ‘‘ Conglomerate of Nemours.”

8. SANDS OF SINCENY.

THESE sands, as the name implies, are typically developed at Since-
ny, near Chauny, on the left bank of the Oise. In early days they
attracted the attention of MM. d’Archiac+, Hebertf, and Lam-
bert §. More recently the precise relationships subsisting between
them and the beds above and below have been very carefully
worked out by MM. De Mercey || and G. Dollfus{{. _ The sands
of Sinceny clearly form a transition between the Lignites and the
Nummulitic sands of the Soissonnais. The principal section,
near Sinceny, is thus given by the last mentioned authority.

* Watelet, Desc. des plantes foss. du Bas. de Paris, Paris, 1866.

+D’Archiac, Desc. Géol. du Dépt. de [ Aisne, p. 165.

t Hébert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xi. (1854), p- 6553 and ze. sér., t. xviii. (1860),
P- 77-

§ Lambert, Etud. Géol. sur le Terr. Tert. au nord de Paris, Soissons, Laon (1858).

|| De Mercey, Bull, Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 200; vii. (1879), Pp. 579.

Dollfus, ‘‘ Les Sables de Sinceny.” Ann. Soc. Géol. du Nord, t. v. (1877), Pp. 5+

10 THE EOCENE BEDS

Section at Sinceny.
Vegetable earth.
Massive beds of Ostrea bellovacensis and O. sparnacensts.
Coarse sand in irregular beds, oblique, with rolled black pebbles,
fossiliferous,
Grey plastic clay.
Lignitic clay, stratified with iron pyrites and gypsum.
Brownish clay.
Bed of black rolled pebbles.
Calcareous white and green clay, white or grey sands in pockets,

and white, magnesian rounded nodules very abundant,

irregularly distributed, sometimes forming the entire mass of

the deposit.

I. Fine white sand, slightly glauconitic, base not visible.

Of these, 1 is a member of the lower glauconitic sands ; 2 has
much analogy with the marls and limestones of Rilly ; 3 is a pebble
bed at the base of the Lignites ; 4, 5 and 6 are the Lignites of the
Soissonnais ; whilst 7 is the typical fossiliferous horizon of Sinceny,
and 8 a local oyster bed of the same deposit. The precise posi-
tion of these beds with reference to the formation above them is
easily determined, as the ‘“ Sadles dz Cuise” crop out close by,
near the village.

The sands of Sinceny contain nearly all the fluvio-marine
species of the Lignites, such as Potamides funatus, Neritina
globulus, Planorbis hemistoma, Melania inqguinata, Axinea terebrat-
ularts, Corbicula cunetformis and C. tellinella. A few species are
peculiar to the deposit and some pass into the ‘ Sadles de Cuise.”

Sands of the same age are also met with at many points in the
vicinity of Compiégne, Abbecourt, Brasles, &c.

LOG eon 2 ost aXe)

9. SANDS OF THE SOISSONNAIS.

THE nummulitic Sands of the Soissonnais, so called from their
maximum and typical development in the neighbourhood of
Soissons, rest on the Lignites of Soissons, or in certain localities on
the Sands of Sinceny, and they are overlaid by the Calcaire
Grossier.

Geographically the beds of this formation are confined to the
north-east of the Paris basin; they disappear before attaining
Rheims and Epernay, and, as a rule, do not reach as far south as
the Seine; they are bounded on the west by a line near Gisors
and stretch thence in a north-easterly direction towards Laon.

In the valley of the Aisne these beds attain a thickness of over
160 feet ; they are usually composed of fine yellow or brown sands
with green grains (usually referred to as glauconite) in the lower
beds, but in the middle portions they become more lignitiferous
and argillaceous.-

Two horizons have been recognised in these sands, viz.,*

Upper: Sables de Cutse.

lower: Sables d Azzy.

* See Appendix IT,

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

Fic. 4.—Section at Cutse-la-Motte.

aig E

ft. in.
5 | (vee vegetable earth with
5 2 | 9 blocks of nummulitic limestone
= eh (pierre a Liards) Lower Calcaire
aS 4 Grossier . : : 3ft. to 4 oO
5 | 8 Dark-green glauconitic sand sed fo)
ok Passage, —-
5 Orange-coloured clayey sand,
2 glauconitic, with gypseous
threads irregularly dispersed . 3 6
Brown to yellow compact sand,
with glauconitic grains, un-
fossiliferous, or nearly so ata) 6
Nee stratified, brownish sands,
full of fossils, with small lenticu-
i lar patches of grey unfossiliferous
sand A : 3 é 17 Oo
2
S
S
8 j Yellowish grey, fine sand, without
Ss ) fossils f z ; 5 250
Y Cross stratified, brown, fossilifer-
ous sands : , 4 1 4.90
(Stratified yellowish brown sandy
| clay, with greenish grey mottled
ee te sandy bands, compact, iron
2 stained in part, thin (3-inch)
| shell bed, full of Zurzted/a near
the centre ; few fossils. its) 9)
Grey stratified coarse sands, with
glauconitic grains ; practically
1 unfossiliferous. Base not seen ;
but the section is 15 feet deeper
in places ; obscured by talus . 15 ©

12 THE EOCENE BEDS

The LOWER HORIZON of Aizy is especially characterised by the
finer sands above mentioned containing Rostellaria Geoffroyi, Fas-
tigiella gibbosula, Ampullina splendida and other molluscan remains.

The UPPER HORIZON of Cuise is typically developed at Cuise-
la-Motte, and there forms an extensive series of coarse sands, even-
bedded in the lower and upper parts of the section, and _ cross-
stratified in the central portion. ‘The false bedding, the lenticular
patches of sand, and the condition and species of many of the
fossils, indicate here, as elsewhere, that the deposits of this forma-
tion had a more or less littoral origin.

The section given (fig. 4) shows the condition of the beds
when we measured them in July, 1890. A section from Dr.
Maurice Hovelacque’s notes reveals some minor differences,
indicating that the beds are more or less lenticular. The section
last referred to was measured in 1883.

The junction with the nummulitic limestone (Azerre a Hards) of
the Calcaire Grossier is well shown. The upper beds are often
argillaceous and glauconitic, and are important from an economic
point of view, forming a water-bearing bed.

At Hérouval (Oise) the fine sands of the upper Cuise horizon
contain a very rich fauna, many species being peculiar to that
locality, e.g., Bavania herouvalensis, and others, though not
restricted to this district, are more plentiful, ¢.g., Cyrena tetragona.
In 1889 we saw the following section :—

Section at Hérouval.

ftenine es ettapine

Drift (?) and vegetable mould . ; 43 Oto A ©

Lower Calcaire Grossier . é A 8 ©

Glauconitic bed with fish teeth Oo 4

pe { Butt coloured marl; pockets of shells 2 3.0
Cae { Fine sand, very pure, full of shells 4 0 exposed,

Base not seen.

At Liancourt St. Pierre, near Chars, in a very fine white sand,
many fine species were collected from a small exposure below the
bed of dééris with shark’s teeth, which we shall refer to as consti-
tuting the basal portion of the Calcaire Grossier in certain locali-
ties. The section measured by us in 1889 was as follows :—

Section at Liancourt.

Vegetable mould. ft. in. ft. in.
ae! Marl. Fossiliferous . é c 29) (0) LOR LOMO
Passage Sand. Very coarse grained and glau- l
Beds, conitic, full of comminuted+5 0 to 6 o
Lower Cale. shells, teeth of Ofodus, &c.
Gross. to Sad. \ Sand. Glauconitic, with few, if any,l 9 6 t4 136
de Cuise. fossils. . : : ; {
CHa { Sand. Bal purple, full of small rate;
Oe Sand, Glauconitic . : 5 Oexposed,

Base not seen.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 13

This section is the downward extension of the Calcaire
Grossier seen at Le Vivray, the coarse-grained glauconitic bed
being exposed at the base of that section.

At various levels in the sands of the Soissonnais concretions
of a peculiar character are met with, and, from their striking
resemblance to the head of a cat, are known as ¢éfes de chat.
They are masses of tubercular calcareous sandstone or dolomitic
limestone, occasionally siliceous. The fossils of these sands are
almost innumerable ; but we may mention a few of the most
distinctive forms. The Foraminifera are especially abundant,
Nummulites planulatus being met with in millions. Among
the Mollusca, the following are characteristic and plentiful :—
Melanopsis Parkinsont, Nerita tricarinata, Velates Schmideli, V.
equinus, Diastoma variculosum, Brachytrema breviculum, Potamides
subacutus, P. papalis, Homalaxis laudunensis and Corbicula
Gravest. The Vertebrata are represented by over thirty
species of fishes, according to Graves* and Paul Gervais.f
A long list of plants is given by Watelet f as composing the
flora of the sands of the Soissonnais.

10. CALCAIRE GROSSIER.

THE Calcaire Grossier is a thick mass of more or less calcareous
beds, usually coarse in texture, varying from a calcareous sand to
a hard, compact limestone, sometimes dolomitic and siliceous.
The limits of this series of beds in the Paris basin have been well
described by M. G. Dollfus.§ The Lower or Marine Calcaire
Grossier has a more extended range northwards than the Fluvio-
Marine or Upper Calcaire Grossier. ‘The former beds stretch
from Courtagnon and Damery on the east, and sweep round by
Montmnirail to the south of Paris, by Villeneuve St. Georges,
Palaiseau, and Houdan. ‘Towards Evreux and Dreux the bound-
ary is not very distinct, several tongues projecting from the main
mass. On the north and north-west again, no definite boundary
can be drawn, but the isolated patches over those parts of the basin
are traceable, with more or less certainty, into Belgium, and
are represented in England by rocks of similar age.

The Fluvio-Marine type of the Calcaire Grossier is much more
restricted in extent, being unknown outside the limits of the Paris
basin. The former existence of two great lakes has been indicated
by M..G. Dollfus.|| One of them stretched from the north of Epernay
to Montereau (a distance of at least seventy-five miles), bounded

* Graves, Essai sur la Topographie Géol. de [ Oise, p. 586.
+t Gervais, Zool. et Paléont. frangaises.
t Watelet, Desc. des plantes foss. du Bass. de Paris (1866), p. 255.

§ Dollfus, Assat sur l’extension des Terr. Tert., etc., in Mém. de la Soc. Géol. de
Normandie. WHavre (1880), p. sor.

|| Dollfus, 0%. czt., p. 9, and map.

I4 THE EOCENE BEDS

partly by the Seine on the south, and varying from fifteen or
sixteen miles wide at Provins to a mere point north of Epernay.
The other lake was situated to the south-east of Chartres, and
was, roughly speaking, forty miles long from north-east to south-
west, and fifteen to twenty miles across in a_ south-easterly
direction. That the Upper Calcaire Grossier had a more con-
siderable range is, however, shown by the outliers in various parts
of the Paris basin.

Throughout this extensive tract the marine beds vary from 35
feet to 146 feet thick, and in almost every part contain an
exceedingly rich and interesting fossil fauna, to which reference
will be made in dealing with the details of the formation.

This formation is the most important in the Paris basin,
not only from its interest in a geological and _palzontological
sense, but also on account of its great commercial value, as from
it most of the important building stones of the French metro-
polis are obtained.

The component beds of this formation are usually yellow cr
buff in colour, passing by insensible gradations to a white, cal-
careous mass. Speaking generally, where the colour is of a
yellow or brownish tint sandy particles predominate, while the
whiter portions are almost wholly calcareous, either compacted or
in a pulverulent condition; in any case but few extraneous
minerals, other than silex and carbonate of lime in an amorphous
state, are present in the Calcaire Grossier, oceasional crystals of
carbonate of lime and quartz and flakes of mica being the some-
what rare exceptions. The Upper Calcaire Grossier (the Caillasses)
is of a more varied character than the Lower and Middle, as we
shall presently see.

The lithological characters of the Calcaire Grossier, being
fairly constant for a particular horizon throughout the basin,
afford a suitable means of identifying the various levels. The
Lower beds are generally very coarse-grained, sandy, and calcareous,
compacted in places into a soft conglomerate, with green and
black flints and grains of a mineral generally referred to glauconite.
The Middle zone is usually composed of fine-bedded soft lime-
stones, or loose calcareous sands ; but in certain districts, as at
Chantilly, the limestone is consolidated, and forms an excellent
freestone for building purposes, from which very large blocks are
obtainable.

The Upper division is often of a complex character, with thin
bedded limestones, beds of clay, calcareous or siliceous sands, or
thin layers of horny flint and thin marls, many times repeated in
a single section, as at Vaugirard and elsewhere. ‘This portion of
the Calcaire Grossier is without the practical value of the lower
beds, but it is of particular interest to the geologist from its
chemicai and mineralogical complexity. Quartz is found in some
cases, as at Neuilly, with the angles developed in bi-pyramidal form

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 15

in detached crystals of considerable size. Fluor-spar, or ‘“ spath-
jiuor,’ is also found in veins, in small cubes, perfectly distinct,
and of a pure fawn-colour.* Translucent gypsum or alabaster is
also well developed in some districts.

In addition to the lithological characters, fossil zones have
been to some extent defined as indicating certain horizons ; but it
has been noticed in many cases that the characteristic fossil is
absent, although the physical characters are clear, or! that the
particular species selected as the zone fossil passes into another
bed. Thus Mummulites levigatus is very abundant in the Lower
Calcaire Grossier, but it does not always exist in the lower beds,
and is again met with in the Middle Calcaire Grossier ; while
Orbitolites complanatus, so plentiful in the last mentioned horizon,
passes into the Upper.t

It is advisable, therefore, not to insist too strongly upon the
value of distinctive fossils as indicating definite horizons when
taken alone, but when they are considered in conjunction with
the lithological characters the relation of the various beds in the
Paris basin can be readily and accurately determined.

In common with all series of rocks the Calcaire Grossier has
been divided into groups in different ways by various authors.
Here we are only concerned with the most generally accepted and
latest divisions and sub-divisions employed.

The classification adopted by M. Michelotf{ is followed by
many authors, and is appended; four horizons are recognised
in his tabulation.

Classification of the Calcaire Grossier (after Michelot).

Caillasses of the ia ca lates shells Gna of f i - i in

Caleaire Grossier. Caillasses with shells (Rochette) : i Gene 18) (©

; Roche (de Paris) : ; © @ 10 2 3

Upper Calcaire | Banes-francs (de Paris) SVU) 10, 1:

Grossier, with + ) Clicquart (voches-du-haut of the Aisne) AO) 10) 1B)

Coithiun. \ Bane Vert (and accessory beds) . : 3 3 to 19 6
ain om (voches-du-bas of the Aisne OF 3)

{| Saint Nom (roches-du-bas of the Aisne) . ke ayant 3

ae ee { Bane Royal . boston, So

rossier, wit Tn t 2 6

Wie. [were ergelés ‘batabotndes) 32773) toms

Lower Calcaire ( Bancs a Verrains (Certthium giganteum) (9) Wo). Key

Grossier, with 4 Saint Leu (Roche des Forgets) =O) On tony 96

Nummutlites, | Bancs a Nummutlites (NV. levigatus) : 26 §Sito; 39; (0

The classification subsequently proposed by M. G. Dollfus §
was more detailed, and it remains the most complete yet pub-
lished. In this classification the Caillasses are included in the
Upper Calcaire Grossier, the latter being sub-divided into three
groups.

* Stanislas Meunier, Géol. des Env. de Paris. Paris (1875), p. 196.
+t G. Dollfus, Budi Soc. Géol. Fr., 3°. sér., vol. vi. (1878), p. 261.
t Michelot, Bll. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2°. sér., vol. xii. (1855), p- 1345-

§ Dollfus, Coufe Géol. de Chem. “ae Fer de Méry-sur-Otse ; Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 30. sér.,
vol. vi. (1878), p. 271.

16 THE EOCENE BEDS

Classtfication of the Calcaire Grosster (after Dollfus).

Siliceous limestone and variegated marls.

Limestone with Cardium obliquum and Cerithium Blainviilet.
Siliceous limestone and marl.

Limestone with Cerzthium denticulatum and Potamides cristatus.
Marl without fossils.

Siliceous limestone with Potamides.

Siliceous limestone and marls alternating, without fossils,
Limestone with corals (Sty/ocenia).

SR a

Upper Sub-Group,

with Cardium
denticulatu m.

Siliceous limestone (5 ft.) with parting of laminated marl
(2 in.).

Limestone in thin layers with Coréu/a (Rochette).

Limestone with M//io/a and Lucina saxorum (Roche).

Siliceous limestone with fossils (Bancs francs).

oe

Middle Sub-

Group, with
Corbula anatina.

Limestone (dolomitic) (Clicquart) with IZ/o/a.
Green marl. |

} Siliceous limestone in two beds. > (Banc Vert.)
Green marl. \

Limestone with M/z/io/a (dolomitic) (Saint-Nom).
Siliceous limestone with Potamides ; accessory rocks.

al
|
|
|
\
(
|
|
|
|

Caillasses or Upper Calcaire Grossier.

Group, with
Calcaire otamides lapid- Lucina saxorum & obliquumand Cerith,

Lower Sub-

um and Mihola.

aac

Tabulated limestone with distinctive fossils.
| Limestone with Oyézto/ites and varied fossils.
/ Limestone with Fadéularia and vegetable dééris,
Mass of limestone with Wz/ola, Turrite//a, and varied fossils.
Limestone with A/z/io/a and Zeredratula.
(Glauconitic Calcaire Grossier with Cerzthium giganteum (Banc

Middle
Grossier

v a Verrains).

‘Ss .. | Glauconitic sand, calcareous, with Zenzta patellaris.

ao dy Cal G ith Cardium porul
.¥ | Glauconitic sandy Calcaire Grossier wi ardium porulosum
O B + (Pierre de Saint-Leu).

a & Glauconitic sandy Calcaire Grossier with Nummulites levigatus.
z Glauconitic sand, sometimes calcareous and indurated, with
4 pebbles of green quartz.

( Sharks’ teeth, rolled débris of corals, etc.
Elsewhere * the same author has shown that the Calcaire
Grossier is divisible into two types.

2. Fluvio-marine or Neptodunian, Type at Nanterre.
, Middle. Parnian. Type at Parnes.
oe arin. Lower. Calvimontian. Type at Chaumont.
The more detailed classification is preferable for a complete
study of the formation.

Our attention may now be directed to an investigation of the
characters of the many sub-divisions of the Calcaire Grossier ; and
we must point out that some of the component beds have received
distinctive names, mostly derived from the quarrymen’s terms, and
therefore difficult or impossible to render in English. Our own
quarries furnish us with parallel instances, for example, the
“ Bacon Tier,” ‘ Aish,” and “ Roach,” of the iearderd quarries.

* Dollfus, Wém. de la Soc. Géol. ae Normandie. Wavre (1880), pp. 591, 592.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 7

LoweER CALCAIRE GrRossIER.—The Lower Calcaire Grossier
rests, when in its original position, on the glauconitic sands of the
Soissonnais, and in its lowest beds is scarcely distinguishable from it
—except that a bed with quartz pebbles, shark’s teeth, and Lupsam-
mia trochiformts separates it from the underlying Sad/es de Cuise
in a clear and constant manner. This bed can be well seen in a
good exposure of Lower Calcaire Grossier, at Liancourt St. Pierre,
near Gisors, resting on the fine sands already mentioned.* ‘This
particular bed has been the cause of much controversy, some re-
garding it as the uppermost member of the SadZs de Cuise, and
other authorities referring it to the base of the Calcaire Grossier.

In certain districts, as at Abbecourt and Cuise, the transition
is less clearly marked, the bed of déér7s is absent and the junction
of the two formations is difficult to determine.

Without entering into the merits of the discussion as to which
bed actually is to be considered as the dividing one (it is not an
important point), it is certain that the bed with Vummutites leviga-
tus is regarded by all as typically one of the lowest beds of the
Calcaire Grossier, and its best development is seen in the neigh-
bourhoods of Soissons and Laon—the districts respectively known
as the Soissonnais and Laonnais.

Near Paris, at Vaugirard and Issy, this bed is represented by
a fine sandy deposit, partly calcareous and of a yellow colour,
often compacted into a stone (as at Festieux, Mont Ganelon and
L’Isle Adam) fuil of WV. Zevigatus and JV. scaber, and called pzerre
a@ liards + by the workmen, in reference to the presence of the
Foraminifera, which are often of considerable size. At and near
Cuise this stone is well developed, and can be seen capping the
Cuise sands ; in some instances the stone is badly decayed and
detached Mummudites can be collected in prodigious quantities,
while very fine sections of the chambers can be obtained by frac-
turing the hard portions of the limestone. The fverre a “Liards
rests on the bed with Ewpsammia trochiformis and Lenita patellaris.

Characteristic mollusca of this horizon are Chlamys solea,
Cardium porulosum and Chama calcarata.

The “Pierre de Saint-Leu,” is well developed in the neigh-
bourhood of Creil, where it furnishes excellent thick-bedded
building stones. At L’Isle Adam, the stone is fine and hard and is
distinguished under the name of Roche des Forgets. At Pont-Sainte-
Maxence the St. Leu stone is capped by a dolomitic bed twenty-
six feet to thirty-two feet thick in calcareous sand with carbonate
of magnesium.

At Grignon this horizon is represented by a calcareous glau-
conitic sand, full of Mollusca and Echinoidea. At Liancourt St.
Pierre, it is formed of compact beds with Corbis /amellosa, Lucina
gigantea, and other shells.

* Ante, p. 12, with Section at Liancourt.

+ dard=a coin of the value of a farthing.

ioe)

18 THE EOCENE BEDS

The fauna of this horizon is exceedingly varied, Mautilus
Lamarcki and N. umbilicaris are not uncommon at Pont-St.-
Maxence and Vaugirard, while the fine species above men-
tioned and Corbis subpectunculus are specially characteristic.

The “ Banc & Verrains.” This horizon is generally formed by
a very fossiliferous limestone called in the quarries near Paris
“ Saint-Jacques.” At Issy, Gentilly, Montrouge and elsewhere
it furnishes stone of excellent quality, only slightly inferior to the
Pierre St.-Leu. The fauna is most prolific and varied, especially
where the beds are in a calcareous sand, as at Damery, Fleury-
la-Rivitre, Chamery, Parnes, Chaussy, Grignon, Chaumont,
Courtagnon and elsewhere ; the fossils are then perfectly pre-
served, even retaining colour markings in some instances. This
may be particularly noticed with Volutilithes spinosus, the shell of
which is often marked with orange-coloured bands. Among the
typical fossils of this horizon, Cerzthium giganteum is the most
important ; the casts of this gastropod are called “ Verrains,” and
from their occurrence the bed is named. Other forms are
Turritella imbricataria, T. sulcifera, T. carintfera, Volutilithes
cithara, Mesalia intermedia, M. multisulcata, Cerithium serratum,
Axivea pulvinata, Crassatella plumbea ; Cephalopoda as Belosepia
sepioidea; Fxchinoidea such as E:chinolampas, Breynella, Pygorhyn-
chus and FHemuaster.

MippLE CaLcatRE GRossIER (or Calcaire Grossier with
Miliola). Where most fully developed, the Middle Calcaire
Grossier may be sub-divided into the five horizons indicated in the
table of classification, forming two groups, the lower called
Vergelés or Lambourdes,{ and the central part Banc Royal.

The Vergelés are yellowish-white limestones often marked with
iron veins, and where hard, form good building stones, as at
Chantilly, Carriére Saint-Denis and Nanterre; they are very well
developed in the department of Oise.

The Bane Royal furnishes large and very good building
stones, worked among other localities at Méry-sur-Oise, Neuilly,
Montrouge and Gentilly.

Taken as a whole the Middle Calcaire Grossier 1s an accumu-
lation of thin incoherent beds of sandy Calcaire Grossier with
freestone beds developed in places, where it receives the distine-
tive names already described. The Fauna here, as in the Lower
Calcaire Grossier, is exceedingly rich and interesting ; Vertebrata
are represented by Hemirhynchus Deshayesi and other species,
particularly at Puteaux (Seine) ; while a rich Flora of marine
or brackish water plants, such as Cudmites, Phyllites multinerovis
and Lgudis:tum deperditum, has been described from various
localities, as La Glaciére, Montsouris, &c. The Mollusca are well
represented and well preserved, as at Grignon, Parnes, Mouchy
and other rich localities. L¢thocardium aviculare, Cerithium

* Lambourdes =soft stone.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 19

lamellosum, Clavilithes Now, C. deformis, Sycum bulbiforme,
Ancalla Lamarcki, Ancilla olivula, Marginella crassula and
Terebellum of several species may be instanced as examples of the
fauna of this rich horizon.

The Foraminifera, especially such forms of AZ¢Ziola as Bilocu-
fina, Triloculina and Quingueloculina, are exceedingly plentiful
and give the second name to this middle division—Calcaire
Grossier with JZzdio/a. The genera are, however, by no means
restricted to the Miliolina, Fadbularia adiscolithes and Orbitolites
complanatus being especially abundant, very large and well pre-
served, at the localities already mentioned.

UPPER CALCAIRE GROSSIER (including the “ Caillasses ”). The
upper division of the Calcaire Grossier is composed, as we have
already seen of beds of very varied mineralogical characters, with
thin-bedded limestones, in part siliceous or dolomitic.

The beds which have received distinctive names are for the
sake of clearness repeated here ; of these named beds the Marls
of Nanterre is the uppermost.

Divisions of the Upper Calcaire Grossier.
( Marls of Nanterre. ) Caillasses, of many
Rochette. { authors.

Caillasses or Upper | Roche (de Paris).

Calcaire Grossier 4 _Bancs francs (de Paris).. | Upp: Care
|

Grossier with
Cerithium, of many
authors.

of G. Dollfus. ( Clicquart.
+ Banc Vert. f
( Banc Saint-Nom.
The beds above the Marls of Nanterre will be described in
due course.
The “ Banc Vert” offers one of the most constant horizons in
the Paris basin, and the following section after Stanislas Meunier
clearly shows the general character of this level.

Fic. 5.—Section of the “ Bane Vert.”

6 os fii oS 6. Clicquart.
= = ego & Ps
WU be Roe)
5 ee e 5. Bed with Dissostoma mummia.

4 SSS) 4. Bed with Potamides lapidum.
= —=

3 es aa aS
ae 5 : . Bed with Cerithium mutabile.
~ ]Mldiii
\

ar 2. Lignite.

ty»

. Saint-Nom.

H

20 THE EOCENE BEDS

It will be seen from the above that the Banc Vert proper
(No. 4) is underlaid and overlaid by limestones, the lower called
Saint-Nom in some districts, or base rock (voche-du-bas) in
others, as in the Aisne quarries; while in other quarries, as
Vaugirard, Bagneux, and elsewhere, it is called ‘‘ Zazs.” The
upper limestone is called c/icguart in many quarries, or top-rock in
the Aisne district (voche-du-haut), and occasionally “ /azs,” as in
the St. Denis quarries.*

Both these limestones yield some of the most excellent
building materials of the basin, and they are almost exactly
similar both lithologically and in the fossils which they contain.

One of the most interesting facts in connexion with the Banc
Vert is the introduction of fresh-water beds with characteristic
fossils. As we have already indicated, the neighbourhood of
Provins has a lake-like expanse of beds, which are well developed
in Seine-et-Marne, and are referred to this horizon. Dzssostoma
mummia is a frequent fossil, both in the neighbourhood of Paris and
Provins, at this level ; while in the more fresh-water strata of the
latter district, Planorbis pseudoammonius, P. Chertiert, Viviparus
novigentiensts, V. Orbignyt, Limneea Michelini and Helix Edwardst
are abundant.

The fauna of the Banc Vert is rich in Vertebrata and Mollusca,
while in certain areas, as at Vaugirard, Senlis, and elsewhere, a
bed of lignite is found, filled with vegetable impressions and
_ with carbonised wood passing into a true lignite.

In Dr. Hovelacque’s notes there are recorded from Issy,
Marine Alge, e.g. Zostera, and Terrestrial flora, such as JVipadites,
Potamogeton (?), Dryandra, Flabellaria and Pinus parisiensts.
The Vertebrata include such interesting forms as Lophiodon parts-
zensts and Dichobunus suillus, which, together with Pachynolophus,
have been recorded from this horizon at Nanterre and Passy.
Fish remains are not uncommon, including Carcharodon disaurts,
Pristis paristensts and Labrax major.

The Mollusca, in addition to the fresh-water forms already
cited, include the characteristic Potamides lapidum with its
varieties, AZesalia fasciata also of very variable character, and
some distinctive Cerithide, as Cerithium Gravest, C. serratum,
Potamides angulosus, P. interruptus, P. calcitrapotdes.

“ Bancs francs” and “ Roche” de Paris.—The Bancs francs,
with the overlying bed called Roche de Paris, are well developed
to the south of Paris, as at Gentilly and Arcueil,t and were
formerly worked for building material, but the best stone is now
exhausted and the quarries are unworked. The series is formed
by alternations of marly beds with calcareous sands, in part
indurated.

The fauna is characteristic and principally Cerithide ; such
species as C. denticulatum, P. angulosus and P. cristatus are com-

* Stan. Meunier, Géol de Paris (1875), p. 181. + See Section p. 21.

Caillasses.

Upper Calcaire Grossier.

Middle Calcaire Grossier.

Lower Calcaire Grossier.

aoe

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 2a
Fic. 6.—Section of Calcaire Grosster at Arcuett.
Showing uperien of Wyntas Middle, and Lower Calcaire Grossier.
13 Vegetable Earth. ft eealtle
Caillasses proper ign 6
12
i! Roche (de Paris) ?
10 Rochette . 2 °
9 Souchet (Rag stone). 2 fo)
“| 8 Banc franc (de Paris) 3 fo)
: 7 Clicquart 3 3
6 OS a Seed 6 Banc Vert 2 fe)
Banc Royal 2 fo)
Lambourdes . 20 fe)
Bed with 7urritella . Qi fo)
( Banc a Verrains a ;
(Cerithium gigan- t 4 °
teum). pr.
Bed with
Nummutlites levigatus 16 fo)

(Bron Dr. Hovelacque’s Notes.

22 THE EOCENE BEDS

mon, the latter being especially distinctive. The upper parts of the
beds also contain Potamides lapidum and Dissostoma mummia,
with Ampullina parisiensts and Lucina saxorum.

Rochette.—This bed is often formed of a mass of Gone
anatina, together with Anxomia tenuistriata, Meretrix elegans, and
Cerithidee, as P. echinoides, P. cristatus and P. lapidum.

Some of the species above enumerated are particularly found
ina brown marine marl, called pacn a’épice,* on account of its
colour.

Marls of Nanterre.—This bed, well developed at Nan-
terre, is regarded as a chemical precipitate, and is used for
wood polishing. In other parts of the basin this horizon is
characterised by fragmentary, white, calcareous marls, with

Fic. 7.—Section of the Calcaire Grossier at the Ecole a’ Agriculture,
Grignon.

uiay bos tity iM

5 Vegetable earth and sandy marl. 2 oto 3 0

on

Buff - coloured Calcaire Grossier,
more or less sandy, few fossils , 10 OtoI2 0

Sand with green grains, (?) glau-
1 { conite . : : 9
Buff-colour ed,sandy Calcaire Gros-
sier, darker than above, with
very varied and well-preserved
fossils. : : : > 3) SONLOIAGEEG

Yellow, sandy marl with glau-
conitic grains : : + 4s (Onto ssame:

bo

* Bottom of pit.
eae Calcaire Grossier with beds

ofstone,containing Echinoidea
in the softer partings, about
6 ft. below bottom of pit,
occasionally exposed. : about 6 .o

H.W.B., 1890. Base not seen.

* Gingerbread,

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 23

crystals, in places, of carbonate of lime, rhombohedral or
scalenohedral, but the latter rarely. Fossils are not recorded
from this level.

Beds above the Marls of Nanterre-——Above the Marls_ of
Nanterre, M. G. Dollfus, in his paper on the Mery Railway,* has
established the existence of a thick mass of beds, exceeding
thirty feet in thickness, including at least forty separate beds,
which are divisible into four fossiliferous and four unfossiliferous
horizons ; and he has shown that these immediately underlie the
lowest beds of the Sables Moyens. ‘The fauna is also more allied
to that of the Sables Moyens, since Potamides pleurotomoides, P.
Bonellii and Certthium denticulatum occur among other fairly
characteristic forms.

11. SABLES MOYENS
(SABLES DE BEAUCHAMP.)

IMMEDIATELY upon the Caillasses of the Calcaire Grossier is
a mass of sands, sandstones and marls, varying from thirty-two feet
to forty-nine feet in thickness and of considerable extent in the
Paris basin. Towards the east they extend nearly to Epernay,
they touch Verneuil (Marne), sweep round under Brie, pass
close to Paris (where they are in a rudimentary state), border
the Seine, extend to the Vexin, and are represented in the north-
west of the basin by several outliers.+

Although not possessing the same commercial value as the
Calcaire Grossier, and, partly for that reason, not having been so
minutely sub-divided, the paleontological and geological interest
attaching to the Sables Moyens is very considerable. The fauna
is rich and varied, and affords many points of resemblance with
those of beds of similar age, though not of similar lithological
composition, on the English side of the Channel.

The beds constituting this formation are divided into three
stages, or horizons, as follows :—

Upper . ; : Horizon of Mortefontaine.
Middle Pe Beauchamp.
Lower Auvers.

Or, taking the types from the districts where each horizon is best
developed, M. G. Dollfus £ classes the levels as—

Morfontian . - *) (@Uppen) = . Type at Mortefontaine.
Ermenonyillian . ee Cviiddle) ae: . Type at Ermenonville.
Auversian : 7 Gower) Vr . Type at Auvers (Oise).

In any case a triple division is admitted, and the three horizons
are thus described by M. Goubert.§

* Dollfus, Bull, Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., vol. vi. (1878), p. 275-
+, G. Dollfus, 7én2. Soc. Géol. de Normandie, Havre (1880), p. 593.

t Dollfus, - int. Soc. Géol. de Normandie, Havre (1880), p. 592.

+
§ Goubert, Azdl. Soc. Géo!. Fr., 2°. sér., t. xvii. (1860), p. 141.

24 THE EOCENE BEDS

Sub-divisions of the Sables Moyens.

{ Fine or argillaceous sands, or marly limestone | La Chapallene

Upper < with—/ritonidea polygona, Potamides Cordier, P. [ ies:
pleurotomoides, P. tricarinatus, Avicula fragilis

and Corbula angulata. |

Sand with Bayania hordacea,of Beauchamp, Le Guépelle, &c., re-

placed by stone at Lizy, Louvres, Mary, Etrepilly, &c., with

lene Bouet, P. scalaroides, Meretrix elegans, fortunus
Hrericarti, &c.

Serval and
Mortefontaine.

Middle |

Sands of Ezanville, of Moiselles, and “curvilinear ” sandstone of
{ Beauchamp with Coréicula deperdita, Cerithium mutadbile and C.
| tuberculosum.

ae. | Sand with broken fossils and pebbles, Mummulites variolarius, Corals,
&c. ; Auvers, Acy-en Multien.

LowER SasLes Moyens (Horizon of Auvers).—The lower por-
tion of the Sables Moyens may be divided into three levels.

The lowermost consists of a bed of débris of the Calcaire
Grossier ; it contains shells, usually broken and rolled, of species
belonging to the Calcaire Grossier, such as Clavilithes deformis
and Venericardia planicosta. With the rolled and derived fossils
are associated much-worn pebbles of Calcaire Grossier, often
pierced by lithodomous Mollusca. Several species of Ostrea, as
O. dorsata, O. gryphina, are abundant at this level, which
was well exposed in the Railway cutting near Méry-sur-Oise
(“‘ Tranchée de M. Lamoignon”), and its contact with the under-
lying Upper Calcaire Grossier clearly shown.*

Above this horizon the Sables Moyens are often consolidated,
forming a thick, pure sandstone without fossils. This bed is very
well shown in the section at Auvers (fig. 8), where the stone in the
lower part, at least twenty feet in thickness, is quarried for road
metal and paving-setts.

This classical section was figured by A. d’Orbigny in 1852, f and
at that time the sandstone was only exposed to the depth of nearly
seven feet. Prof. Prestwich described the section in 1857, and
the sandstone was then as fully exposed as at the time of our visit
(1889). The upper part of the Lower Sables Moyens is also well
shown at Auvers ; and we here see that the component beds are
variable in their characters, sands predominating, often calcareous,
sometimes false-bedded, and occasionally consolidated into thin
bands of sandstone. A yellow calcareous sand in-the upper part
of the section is full of fossils, the most noticeable being
Nummulites variolarius. The Mollusca are also exceedingly
numerous ; the-following may be particularly mentioned in addition
to those indicated in the explanation of fig. 8 :— Venericardta

* G. Dollfus, Bzl7. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3&. sér., t, vi. (1£78), p. 256.
+ D’Orbigny, Cours. Elém. de Pal. et Géol., Paris (1852), p. 748, Fig. 577.
Prestwich, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xiii. (18:7), Pp. 110.

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

i)
on

Fic. 8.—General Section at Auvers.
(Lower Sables Moyens: Horizon of Auvers.)

Vegetable earth.

t. in.

va

Sands of variable character, hori-
zontal or false-bedded, buff, grey
or ferruginous. Very fossilifer-
ous. Sycum bulliforme, Ampullina
partsiensis, Cerithium mutalile,
Corbula gallica; many corals,
pebbles, &c. . . 15 ft. to 17 va)

Buff coloured sandstone. . 2 re)

White sand—fossiliferous . Sark oO

(Pale purple-grey sandstone, with
some pebbles and in part with
fossils similar to the above, the
latter adhering to the bedding-
planes ; (exposed) .

to
Oo
¢

sulcata, Meretrix elegans, Bayania hordacea, Certthium mixtum
and Olivella Branderi ; corals, such as Madrepora Solandert,
Lobopsammia cariosa and Litharea Deshayest, are also very
abundant.

MrippLe SapB_es Moyens (Horizon of Beauchamp).—The middle
portion of the Sables Moyens is divided into two series, as before
indicated—the lower of sand and sandstone, the upper chiefly

26 THE EOCENE BEDS

calcareous. The sands (Sables de Beauchamp) are extraordinarily
fossiliferous, amongst other places, at Le Guépelle, Beauchamp and
Verneuil ; considerably more than two hundred species have been
recorded from the last-named locality alone. ‘The sandstone
(Gres de Beauchamp) is quarried in many places for pavings. At
Lizy-sur-Ourcq a siliceo-calcareous freestone (Pierre de Lizy) is
worked from this horizon. ¢

The classical section for this horizon is no longer visible ; but
the details are given in the paper just referred tc. To the east
of Herblay, close to Paris in the wood of Boissy, other sections
have since been exposed.

The following is a general section of the beds in this neigh-
bourhood, from Dr. Hovelacque’s notes :—

General Section at Beauchamp.

9. Marly limestone, white, more or less vemanté (St. ft. in.
Ouen limestone) with small Szthinia : : : TOMRO
8. Bed with Avicula Defrancet : ; : ?

“I

Brownish marls with flint in “ plaquettes,” and
Ampullina (Ducy limestone) . : 2

. Hard lithographic limestone, small Bijan : : I

Yellow marls I

White sands with Bayania hee aoa : B

Brown sandstone ' : : ; ; ‘ ; ?

Brown sands ; : , : 4 ‘ : 0 3. 8}

. White sands, pure, very os containing

Bayaria hordacea, Potamides Bouei, P. deper ditus,

Meretrix elegans anal Corbicula deperdita

MNO Oo

One of the best sections now open in this honzen is that on
the road to Ermenonville, near Ver, and the section is named
from the latter town (fig. 9, p. 27).

A few other characteristic fossils of the true marine beds of
the horizon of Beauchamp are Potamides scalaroides, P. Bonnardt,
Cerithium crenatulatum, Cancellaria evulsa, Melongena subcarinata,
Xenophora agglutinans, Arca biangula and Meretrix levigata.

The upper portion of this horizon of the Sables Moyens is
characterised in some districts by the intercalation of a fresh-
water limestone (Calcaire de Ducy, Nanteut/, &c.) containing
Bithinia tuba, Limnea arenularia and others; thishas some analogy
on the one hand with the fauna of the Sands of Beauchamp, and
on the other with the St. Ouen Limestone ; the fresh-water
conditions increase as the upper beds of the Sables Moyens are
reached, unfil a distinctly lacustrine series is met with in the St.
Ouen Limestone.

UppER SasL_es Moyens (Horizon of Mortefontaine).—
The upper part of the Sables Moyens consists of an alternating
series of sands more or less argillaceous in part, and thin-bedded
limestones with a distinctive and varied series of fossil remains.

+ A section at this locality is given by G. Dollfus in Contrib. & la Stratig. Parisienne;

Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3°. sér., t. vili. (1880), together with many sections of the Sables Moyens
of the Paris Basin.

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

Fic. 9.—Middle Sables Moyens : Horizon of Beauchamp.

Section near Ver, road to Ermenonville.

20 Vegetable Earth, very sandy

19 Yellowish white sand ; : 3
18 Argillaceous, ferruginous sand. . ;
7 Yellowish white sand ;
Argillaceous, ferruginous sand

Yellowish white sand

Sandy ferruginous clay

15

(Alternations of yellowish white sand,
; ferruginous sandy clay, with bands of
clayey sands, current bedded . :

Argillaceous, ferruginous sand _ passing
to sandy clay in parts of the pit ;

Greenish yellow sand with black grains
of glauconite

Sandstone | with fossils, Natica, Turri-
Sand, white tella and Meretrix

Sand, without fossils, with white points
where Foraminifera and Mollusca

5 have decayed. Black tubes in the
sand, coloured with oxide of Man-

ganese .

Yellowish green sand, without fossils.

Blackish sand, coloured with oxide of Man-
ganese. : ; F ‘ :

Very fossiliferous sand. Cardium im-
peditum, Dentalium and Olivella

Pure white sand, without fossils ; :
(Yellow or brown sand with very varied
( fossils, Weretrix elegans, Tenagodes and

Corbula gallica

Rich yellow sand, forming a friable sand-
stone, with fossils—Sycum bulotforme

1 White sand, without fossils (base not
seen), 6 ft. 6 in. visible.

From Dr. Hovelacque’s notes.

ww

00000 oF

Dn DW Oo as

bo

o

28 THE EOCENE BEDS

This division can be well studied at Mortefontaine and La
Chapelle-en-Serval, at which latter locality the junction with the
Calcaire de Ducy (=the Horizon of Beauchamp) is seen and the
Sables Moyens are capped by the St. Ouen Limestone.

Fic. 10.— Upper Sables Moyens (Horizon of Mortefontaine) and
junction with Middle Sables Moyens.

Section at La Chapelle-en-Serval.

14 Vegetable earth. ft. in.
13 St. Quen limestone . : 2 ; 5 OB
12 White sand, no fossils. : ; - 0 4
Tabular sandstone . : ; - real
Greenish clayey sand : ; : Bo) alts)
Limestone with SAzthinta and Corbula
angulata . : : : : Ss 078
Yellowish green clayey sand with the
same fossils as 6, but fewer Reels (O.
Yellow and brown sand, very fossiliferous
— Potamides pleurotomoides ; a ©) te)
Sands, yellowish and green, with many
fossils—FPotamides tricarinatus, FP.
pleurotomoides, P. Cordieri, Avicula
Defrancet, Melongena minax, M. sub-
carinata,&c. .. f , és i Bees
Marly and clayey bed with JSithinia
pulchra : : : : ~ 107 38

Argillaceous sand with fossils,as in No.6. I 9

Marly sand, with small beds of clay . oo na

“ Calcaive de Ducy,’ with Bithinia tuba. O 8

Brown and white sands, without fossils,
with a bed of sandstone in the upper
portion (Horizon of Beauchamp)
visible in part.

From Dr. Hovelacque’s notes.

Although not very varied in species, the fossils are exceedingly
plentiful in this horizon, the band in yellow sand at La Chapelle
being literallya compact mass of Potamides tricarinatus, P. Cordier,
P. pleurotomoides and P. Roissyi; the colour bands and the coloured

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 29

tuberculations are beautifully preserved on the P. pleurotomoides.
Melongena minax is found, though somewhat rarely, but A/e/ongena
subcarinata and Tritonidea polygona are met with just above the
Potamides-bed in large numbers.

Below the Potamides-bed, Avicula Defrancei is found, and this
is an important fossil from a stratigraphical point of view, being
characteristic of this horizon.

Much general information on the Sables Moyens is given in
the paper by M. G. Dollfus already cited and in the Bud. Soc.
Géol. Fr., 3° sér., t. vi. (1878), pp. 243, ef sgg. The junction with
the Calcaire Grossier is well shown in the Méry section and the
neighbourhood of Le Guépelle.

At the last-mentioned locality, also, the three horizons of the
Sables Moyens are well developed.

General Section at Le Guépelle (near Survilliers* ).

Clay bed.

Upper S Tapa sandstone with Potamides tricarimatus, P. pleurotomoides,
P. Cordieri and Avicula Defrancet=Horizon of Mortefontaine.
Sands without fossils.

Middle } Sands with Cerithium tuberculosum, C. mutabile, &c.—=Horizon of
Beauchamp.

Calcareous sands, very fossiliferous, with Ampullina parisienszs,

Calliomphalus moniliferum, Sycum bulbiforme, Volutilithes labrella,

Potamides Bouet, Bayania lactea, Cardita sulcata, Corbula gallica, and

Calhanassa=Horizon of Auvers.

The Upper Calcaire Grossier is seen in the railway cutting near by.

Lower

12. LIMESTONE OF ST. OUEN.

THE passage from the Sables Moyens to the St. Ouen limestone
is a very gradual one, and the lacustrine character of the latter
bed renders it difficult to institute a correlative comparison
between it and the marine Sables Moyens. We have seen that the
lacustrine facies set in during the preceding period, as witness the
fresh-water limestones of Ducy, of Nanteuil, in the railway cutting
at Mery, &c., and that its fossils are partly characteristic of the
Beauchamp sands and partly of the St. Ouen limestone.

The St. Ouen limestone (“‘¢ravertin inférieur” of some
authors) is in the aggregate from thirty-two feet to sixty-five feet in
thickness, and is white and marly, with thin sandy beds and fresh-
water fossils. Its lowermost bed lies on the zone of Avicula
Defrancei of the Sables Moyens. M. G. Dollfus+ has divided this
limestone into two parts, following the separation by a marine
band having the closest affinities with the Avicu/a-zone of
Mortefontaine. The two beds of limestone are very similar to
each other, but the lower is compact, while the upper is marly
with numerous siliceous nodules, characterised by the presence of
Limnea. Well-known fossils, such as Limnea longiscata, Dissostoma

* Froin Dr. Hovelacque’s notes.
+ Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3€. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 42.

30 THE EOCENE BEDS

mummta, Planorbis gontobasts and Hydrobia pusilla, occur. To
the north of Paris the stone is occasionally quarried for road-metal.
In the environs of Rheims the formation is composed of marls,
clays, and more or less siliceous limestones, passing frequently
into the meulicre with Limnea longtscata and L. acuminata.
M. de Lapparent says* that the same beds at Germaine, near
upernay, contain lenticular pieces of hard clay. Towards the
south we find on this level the fibrous limestone of Provins which
passes into the marble of Givray.
At Paris the St. Ouen limestone is very variable in character.
M. Michelot has shewn+ from a section in the Avenue de l’Imper-
atrice that, although it was only twenty-four feet in thickness, it con-
tained no less than thirty-six distinct beds. A good exposure along
the Boulevard Malesherbes has been described by M. Goubert ;¢
here the beds were chiefly marls and difficult to correlate with
those on the same horizon even in the immediate vicinity. Other
noteworthy developments of the St. Ouen beds have been
chronicled by MM. G. Dollfus and Vasseur in their celebrated
work§ on the geological section along the Méry-sur-Oise railway,
between Valmondois and Bessancourt (Seine et Oise); by
MM. Carez and Vasseur|| at La Frette-sous-Cormeilles; and
M. de Boury] at Magny.

13.—GYPSUM BEDS AND MARLS.

THE alternating beds of gypsum and marls which have such an
enormous extension in the Parisian area, although normally found
above the St. Quen limestone or the local sands of Monceaux,
sometimes repose directly on the Sables Moyens. The total
thickness of the formation varies from 180 feet at Sannois and 162
feet at the classical section of Montmartre, to 100 feet at Mont-
morency and 50 feet on the plateau of Carnelle.

Where the succession is unbroken the sections usually pre-
sent the following :—

Sub-divisions of the Gypsum beds and marls.
10. White marls of Pantin with Limca strigosa, remains
of birds, &c.
Blue marls with pyrites
First mass of gypsum with Paleotherium

WO

“1 Limestone of

7. Yellow marls with flints : Ch cane
6. Second mass of gypsum with Cerithium matls Be vic
5. Marls with Luczna
4. Third mass of gypsum
3. Yellow marls with Pholadomya ene
2. Fourth mass of gypsum ' ;
1. Green sands of Monceaux andl Argenteuil with
Mytilus Biochet : : ;

* De Lapparent, 77. de Géol., 2 ed. (1885), Pp: 113

t Michelot, Bzd?. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xii. Glas. p. 1314

t Goubert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2. sér. re xviii. (1860), p. 80.°

G
§ Dollfus and Vasseur, 7d. 3e. sér., t. vi. oe & 243
|| Carez and Vasseur, z%. 3e. sér., t. iv. (1876), 72.
§ De Boury, zd. 3e. sér., t. xii. (1884), p. Gone

OF THE PARIS BASIN. or

The formation is naturally divided into two groups: (1) the
lower marine and (2) the upper lacustrine. Taking advantage of
this circumstance M. Dollfus conveniently abridges the sub-
divisions as follows :—

Divisions of the Gypsum beds and mars.

d. Lacustrine and marshy beds: blue and white “ supra-

Lacustrine ae ;
Sed eypseuses” marls.
P : c. Marsh-bed horizon : First mass of gypsum.
; 6. Brackish and marine beds: 2nd, 3rd, and 4th masses of
Marine gypsum ; , :
riod. : Horas
BE ( a. Marine beds: green sands “ zufra-gypseux”” of Monceaux.

GREEN SANDS OF MoNncEAUX.—These sands were so
called by M. Ch. d’Orbigny from the circumstance that they were
typically developed in the railway cutting at Monceaux on the
Saint Germain line. They contain Pofamides tricarinatus, P.
concavus, P. Cordieri, Lucina saxorum, Cardium granulosum, and
other fossils clearly indicating their close affinity with the Sables
Moyens, in spite of the intercalation of the St. Ouen limestone.

(6.) MARINE GypsuM BEDS.—The lower part of the gypsum,
which, as we have seen, contains certain marine horizons, is com-
posed of alternating beds (thin, but generally of considerable
extension) of marl and crystalline gypsum. The fourth, or oldest,
bed of gypsum can be easily studied in sections near Argenteuil
and Romainville ; it is confined to the centre of the basin. The
third bed terminates (in ascending order) with the Zzc:ma-marls
which contain an interesting fauna, Lucina tnornata, Corbula
subpisum, Corbulomya Nystt, Nucula capitlacea, Planorbis spiru-
loides and Potamides Roissyi.* The majority of the fossils are well-
known Eocene types; but the presence of Cordulda subpisum and
Corbulomya Nysti foreshadow the incoming of the Oligocene.
The second bed of gypsum terminates the marine facies of the
formation. Fossils are very rare in the included beds; but we
may cite Potamides pleurotomotdes, P. tricarinatus, and Mesalia
incerta, all three of which are characteristic Eocene species found
by M. Goubertt in the yellow marls.

The marine gypsum and marls have been cited, amongst other
places, as occurring at Montmartre, Bry-sur-Marne, Argenteuil
(Butte d'Orgemont, Carriére Bast. Fig. 11), Montigny, Herblay
and Frépillon.

MM. Raulint and Eck§ have shown that the limestone of
Ludes, near Rheims, is approximately of the same age as the
“ infra-gypseuses” Pholadomya-marls of Paris.

(¢.) LACUSTRINE GyPSUM BEDS.—The first mass or lacustrine
gypsum beds are the most developed (sixty-five feet at Montmartre),

* For an excellent description of the marine marls of the Gypsum formation see Carez,
Bull. Sec. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 187.

+ Goubert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xvii. (1860), p. 600; and t. xxiii. (1866),p. 340.

t Raulin, Budl. Soc. Géol. Fr., re. sér., t. xiv. (1842), p. 42.

§ Eck, Pr. Verb. Soc. Malac. Belg., t. vii. (1878), p. v.

Astrea-marls &

Glaises Vertes. Brie Limestone.

Marls &

32 THE EOCENE BEDS.

Fic. 11.—-General Section at Butte a’ Orgemont (Carricre Bast).

thai
420 Limon de plateau . : 5 : ._

19, Sandsi ‘ és —

( Grey Marls with Chines atta Bey

j O. longirostris . Stans

7 ~ Marly limestone with Corbicula, etc. it, 0)

White siliceous limestone : 0 ome 6;
4 3

5 Marls, yellowish and greenish grey

es Marls, slightly sandy, becoming cal-
careous towards the base . : 2a

, Brown clay in thin beds, with layers of
gypsum in powder . a : > 33
Marly compact limestone , a Omer
Green clay . ; : . A) (6)
Green Marl, very pale o 8

g Green Marl . : : ; : 1) )

) Yellow Marl in thin beds, with Corbicula
semistriata at the base. : Pay [0

Supra-gypseous Marls.

8

~

7 Gypsum (cosagues) alternating with Marls 3 7

White Marls of Pantin, with thin beds of
gypsum , : 6 6

5 Marls, blue or yellow . ¢ : a ie). ©

3
=
ae) Gypsum (aut pilers). The First Mass
I saccharoidal with bones of Palewo=
S 4 thertum, Xiphodon, Hyenodon, etc.,
2 in the white beds . ; ‘ “O50
‘se
Oo
White and bluish Marls . ‘ : : ?

2 Second Mass of Gypsum (/er-de-/ance) . 32 6

Marls at the base of above, called Savon
de Soldat, passing down into Marls
containing Lucina Heherti, Corbula
Nystt, and C. subpisum.

From Dr. Hoveclacque’s notes.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 33

extended and constant horizon of the series. It is of great
economic value, being the principal mass of gypsum which
furnishes the celebrated ‘plaster of Paris.” From this bed at
Montmartre the renowned Cuvier obtained Paleotherium mag-
num, P. medium, P. minus, Anoplotherium commune, Xiphodon
gracilis, &c. The gypsum itself is so homogeneous that it is diffi-
cult to recognise any divisions, but its junction with the beds both
above and below is uneven.

(2.) SUPRA-GYPSEOUS MARLS.—These important marls are of
considerable thickness and as they are found at many points and
in several gypsum quarries can be easily studied. They are
divided into two parts as before stated :—(1) The lower blue marls,
with but few fossils, including Planorbis inflatus and Bithinia
Duchastelt, well developed at Frépillon ; and (2) The upper white
marls with Lzmncea strigosa, Chara Tournouert, &c., seen typically
at Romainville, Villeparisis, Essonnes, Méry-sur-Oise and Montfort-
PAmaury.

The similarity of certain of the ‘ supra-gypseous” beds to
the Oligocene green marls above, together with their variability,
have led to much confusion in the classification of this portion of
the Parisian Tertiaries ; but the careful manner in which they have
now been worked out by MM. Dollfus, Carez, Vasseur, and other
French geologists, leaves but little to be desired.

LIMESTONE OF CHAMPIGNY.—At Champigny-sur-Marne and
district, the gypsum and marls of the environs of Paris undergo a
sudden transformation into a travertine. M. Hébert * has proved
that this bed, which is largely quarried in the manufacture of lime,
and is twenty-nine feet in thickness, comes between the Pho/adomya-
ludensts-beds of the gypseous series and the ‘ Cyclostoma-
truncatum ”-marls, thus demonstrating its contemporaneity with
the Paris gypsum series. The limestone of Champigny is also
developed at Chateau Thierry, in the valley of the Essonne,
Juine, Orge, &c.

To this formation the limestone or “¢vavertin supérieur”
of Provins and the marls of Tardenois belong.

* Hébert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xvii. (1860), p. 800.

Note To Fic, 1t. ‘

A photographic view of this magnificent section, and detailed measurements of all the
minor sub-divisions of the beds, are given in’ the Vertical Sections of Sheet 48, Carte Géol.
det. de France, pl. i.

In a quarry near the railway, close by, the 3rd and 4th masses of Gypsum are seen, and
below the latter a green sand in contact with the St. Quen Limestone.

34 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS

THE OLIGOCENE BEDS.

FRENCH authors are not agreed as to the exact limits of the Eocene
and Oligocene beds in the Paris basin, a divergence of opinion
which arises from the circumstance that the passage from the one
to the other series is very gradual. The following may be given
as embodying the views of a few leading geologists on this
subject :—

Classification of | Classification of M. de
|\MM. Cossmann and, Lafparentt and the
| Lambert* and Geol. Survey of
| Dollfus.t France.§

Divisions of the beds.

Brie limestone .
Greenmarls . £
Supra-gypseous marl
Lacustrine gypsum
Marine gypsum F : Eocene (fars.)
Sands of Monceaux .
Limestone of St. Quen Eocene (Aars.)
Sands of Beauchamp

Oligocene (fars.)

* Oligocene (fars.)————_——_-—_—

It is not our intention to discuss the various points at issue,
but we shall adopt the views of the officers of the French
Geological Survey in regard to the matter both in our text and in
the accompanying map ; and we will now glance at the geograph-
ical distribution of the Oligocene as thus defined. The main mass
roughly occupies the southern half of the Paris basin ; commenc-
ing at Montargis, the boundary runs northwards through Mont-
ereau, Villenauxe, Sézanne, Avize, Verzy; thence westwards
through Ville-en-Tardenois, Meaux, Ecouen, Mantes; then turning
south passes by Houdan, Nogent-le-Roi, Chartres, and near
Bonneval. On the southern limits of the basin, the Oligocene
passes under the Miocene of the Loire, and thus leaves the region
now under consideration. Formerly, however, the Oligocene beds
must have had a much wider extension, for many outliers occur
outside the boundary just laid down, especially on the northern
part of the basin. A glance at the map will show this.

Cossmann and Lambert, A7é. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ii. (1884), table facing p. 44.
Dollrus, Bll. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), pp. 269-293.
De Lapparent, 77 de. Cécl., ed. 2, (1885) pp. 1138, 1156.

1
1,000,000"

Yee we ap

&e.

Various publications, Carte Géol. de France, scale

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 35

Classification of the Paris Basin Oligocene.
fo)
\ 13. Sands of the Gatinais.

Aquitanian. 12. Limestone of Beauce ; meudliéres of Montmorency.
11. Marls of Ktampes. >
190. Sands of Ormoy. | Sands and
g. Sands and pebble beds of Saclas. sandstone of
8. Falun of Pierrefitte. f Fontaine-
7. Sands of Vau:oux. | bleau.
Tonerian, / 0: Pebbly sands of Etrechy. J
Se | 5. Sands of Morigny. ) Fontenay
4. Falun of Jeurre. J Sands.
3. Ostrea-marls and mo/asse of Etrechy.
2. Limestone and meudliéres of Brie.

Green marls.
The word Tongrian is derived from Tongres in Belgium ; and
Aquitanian from Aquitaine, where the beds are well developed.

La

1. GREEN MARLS.

THESE plastic green clays are well known in the environs of
Paris, they are from thirteen to sixteen feet in thickness, and
have been subdivided as follows : —

2. “ Vert franc,” worked for tile-making, containing rather large
concretions formed of sulphate of strontian mixed with argillaceous
matter.

1. Yellow thin-bedded marl characterised by the abundance of
Corbicula semistriata ,; this is the ‘‘ Cyrena-mail”’ of some authors.

The beds are of fluvio-marine origin, and are fossiliferous on
the northern outcrop and unfossiliferous to the south. The
fossils mostly consist of casts, but at one place—Fleurines,
between Pont-St.-Maxence and Senlis—are fairly well preserved.
Only eleven species of mollusca, however, are known from this
horizon in the whole basin.* They are—Psammobia plana,
Donax Brongniarti, Meretrix tncrassata, Corbicula semistriata,
_ Modiolaria Brauni, Lithinta Duchastelit, Planorbis depressus,

Potamides plicatus, and var., P. Weinkaufft, Natica Nysté and
Bayania Nystt,

The Green Marls may be seen, amongst other places, at
Frépillon,s La Ferté-Alais, Bouray, Chamarande, Etrechy,
Corbeil and Essonnes. MM. Carez and Vasseur givet a section,
of which the following is a véswmé, at the last-mentioned place :—

Section at Essonnes. ft. in
White sandy argillaceous marls 2 3
Green clay marls 3 6
Whitish marls fo) 3
Green clayey marls 2 4
Whitish limestone fo) 3
Green clayey marls 4 fo)
Whitish limestone : : : . é 2 oO 5
Greenish thin-bedded marls with Cyrena convexa

wD
bo

(=Corbicula semistriata)

* Cossmann and Lambert, of. c7t., p. 6, where nine species only are mentioned.
+ Dollfus and Vasseur, Bzl/. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), pp. 265-6.
t Carez and Vasseur, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. v. (1877).

36 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS

2. LIMESTONE AND MEULIERES OF BRIE.

Turis bed is also known as “¢vavertin moven.” It is well
developed in the country whence it derives its name, and also
round Paris ; it is composed of compact or cavernous siliceous
limestone (sew/ieres), in irregular beds, alternating with marls.

Fic. 12.—Section of the Quarry of Vintué (near Etrechy).

feos.
10 Keddish Oligocene sand with silice-
ous pebbles : é . 7) Og
, Reddish Oligocene sand (x situ)
9 irregularly resting on the beds
below : ; : : 9 ene
ey
aw
fie! : 3
ae 8 Sandy marl falun, yellowish, with
= & Ampullina crassatina . : ys 6)
aa
oa ? = Marls with Ostrea cyathula and red
5 molasse é : : ; A ee ©
Naa) ;
ae J aaeer friable, shelly molasse, hard
o | : : :
* 6 bands in places, with white, fine
2 | quartzose sand near base—Ostvea
a cyathula, Meretrix incrassata : = iO
= pus clays with violet veins and a
band of compact siliceous lime-
stone at the base. 3 oS eRS
4 White marls . : ‘ j me sO

pi ase marls with fragments of sili-
3 + ceous limestone, and hard beds of
l latter at the base with Zimnuwa . 7 3

Meuliéres de Brie.

ee

9 Meuheéres forming twoirregular beds 3 3

1 White marls (?)
Dip slightly W.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 37

The strata are well exhibited in a section to the north of the farm
of Vintué, as well as in front of the Chateau of Brunehaut, both
near Etrechy; whilst they are also found at Sannois, Montmartre,
Pantin, Noisy-le-Sec, Villeparisis and La Ferté-sous-Jouarre. The
limestone is essentially lacustrine in character, but fossils are rare.
The principal are Limnca cornea, Planorbis cornu, and Lithinia
Duchasteli.

M. Douvillé has shown* the close affinity existing between
these beds and the reddish and grey limestones, which, near
Fontainebleau pass to the “* Calcaire de Chateau-Landon.”

8. OSTREA-MARLS AND MOLASSE OF ETRECHY.

Tus bed, well represented on the hills in the northern part of the
Oligocene area, is of regular occurrence, from 130 feet to 195 feet
in thickness,and composed of mar]s and white and yellow quartzose,
slightly micaceoussands. Inthenorth-west, at Neuilly-en-Vexin, near
Chars, M.M. Hebert and Renevier found} Potam/des trochlearts
and P. plicatus. In the Parisian area the marls contain an
abundance of Ostrea cyathula and O. longirostris, with Corbula
subpisum. The bed is well represented in the classic locality of
Montmartre, where an intercalated calcareous stratum with
Cyrena, Cerithium, &c., exhibited lacustrine characters.{ This
same lacustrine bed has also been found in a cutting at Ville
d’Avray on the St. Cloud railway, and at Sannois. M. G. Dollfus
is of opinion§ that the small fauna indicates close affinities with
that of the Brie limestone. The lower horizon of the Ostrea-
marls is particularly interesting at Sceaux, Massy and Palaiseau.

On going south of Paris “these marls change their character
and thin out near Etrechy, where the last vestiges become more
split up by beds of friable, yellowish, sandy and ‘marly limestones,
and M. Lambert gave|| the whole the name of “ AZolasse
a Etrechy.” At that place this bed is very fossiliferous with a
marine fauna, but the fossils are difficult to extract entire,
being mostly casts and imprints. Here and there thin bands
may be found where the shells are silicified. Amongst the
Mollusca recorded as occurring in the formation we may cite
Bayania semidecussata, Potamides plicatus, Bittium sublima,
Brachytrema Boblayet, Trochus subincrassatus, Meretrix tncrassata
and Perna Hebert.

Speaking in general terms the Molasse of Etrechy is about
6ft. 6in. in thickness round Etampes. It is seen at Vintué, at
Gillevoisin near Chamarande, also at Jeurre (p. 38) underneath
the bed with Ampullina crassatina, along the Orléans railway,
near Brunehaut and other places.

* Douvillé, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xxviii. (1871), p. 52.

+ Hébert and Renevier, Desc. Foss. tert. Num. sup. des env. de Gap. Grenoble (1854),
PP: 35, 38, 39.

t La Jonkaire, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 1e. sér., t. i. (1831), p. 223

§ Dollfus, Budl. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 298.

|| Lambert, Bull Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. iv. (1876), p. sor.

38 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS

There is a fine section of the molasse in a quarry at Vintué,
near Etrechy, where it occurs in beds compact enough to form
good ashlar stone. Fig. 12, p. 36, is a résumé of this section
from details by MM. Cossmann and Lambert. This section is
very useful as showing the relations of the Molasse of Etrechy to
the falun of Jurre and the Meulitres of Brie ; ; and it also exhibits
the exceedingly variable character of the whole of this portion of
the Paris basin Oligocene.

We may here remark that we consider these Oligocenes to
have been too minutely subdivided, and that at best many of the
formations mentioned have a local value only. We do not
recognise, for instance, that the Osfvea-marls and Molasse of
Etrechy, or the Sands of Vauroux, have the same geological, or
palxontological, value as, say, the Caleaire Grossier or the Sables
Moyens in the Eocenes. At the same time it is convenient to
treat of them in detail because of the assistance they afford in
correlating Oligocene beds in other parts of the basin. As in
England and elsewhere, the alternation of marine with fresh-
water beds has led to much difficulty in classification.

For other details concerning this formation consult Lambert,
Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr , 3e. sér., t. ix. (1881), p. 501 ; Wouv. Arch. du
Museum (1880), p. 265.

4. FALUN OF JEURRE.

Tus horizon of the Etampes Oligocenes is typically developed in
a large sand pit near Jeurre church, on the right-hand side of the
road from Etrechy to Etampes (see p. 56). Here the majority
of the Oligocene mollusca described by M. Deshayes* were
found ; and when studying the strata in this district in 1889 we
came to the conclusion that Jeurre is the best fossiliferous
locality at present available, though Pierrefitte would not be
bad, if perchance the section there should be re-opened.

The details we noted do not differ from the published
accounts of the exposure, except that on the occasion of our visit
the lowermost beds were not clearly definable.

Section at Jeurrey. ft. in.

Drift ‘ 6 6
Fine quartzose ‘grey ‘sand with fragments of
eae and having reddish “bed with

black pebbles at the base : I ii
uartzose grey sands with Meretrix splendida,

——~

Sands Lucina Heberti; falun and sands with

of Axinwa obovata ; yellowish fine quartzose
Morigny. . sands with Cominella Gossardi, &c. . : 5 9
Red falun with Axznea odovata ‘ : 3 a 7

* Deshayes, Coguilles foss. des env. de Paris; and Anin. sans vert. du Basin de Paris.
t+ Abridged from Cossman and Lambert, of. cét., p. 13.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 39

Falun ( Yellow earthy sand with Zyochus ; falun with ies ial
of } Meretrix incrassata, Potamides plicatus, &c. 8 Re
Jeurre. ! Yellowish marly sand with Amp. crassatina oO. 8
Molasse of | +4
Etrechy. | Sandstone with Ostrea cyathula (base not seen) i, ©

M. Tournouér has given* an interesting account of the
general nature of the fossils found ; whilst the following species
may be cited as truly characteristic of the horizon of the falun
of Jeurre—Gastrochena Raulini, Syndesmya Sandbergert, Mere-
trix stampinensis, Lima Klipsteint, Conus symmetricus and Des-
havesta paristensts. :

The lower members of the Etampes Oligocenes are also met
with at Versailles and Neuilly-en-Vexin, where the fauna has been
compared with that of the falun of Jeurre: whilst M. Tournouer
places the beds of St. Christophe-en-Halatte on this horizon.

5. SANDS OF MORIGNY.

THE typical section of this horizon occurs in acopse, the posi-
tion of which is explained on p. 56. All that was visible at the
time of our visit consisted of a few feet of grey or white sand, full
of fossils of but few species. ‘The most abundant of these were,
Potamides trochlearis, P. plicatus, var. Galeotti (occurring in
thousands, all very small), and Bayania semtdecussata. ‘The
specimens of Potamides trochlearis are very remarkable, the outer
shell being worn away, and only the columella left with the spiral
‘divisions winding round it, so that the species resembles a screw
having a very exaggerated, close thread ; this is entirely characteris-
tic. Other fossils are Axvinea obovata, Typhis cuniculosus, Lampusta
flandrica, and, rarely, Volutilithes Rathieri and Axinea angusti-
costata. The Morigny sands are developed (as will have been
noticed) in the sand-pit at Jeurre (swpra) ; and are also found at
St. Phalier, and Faubourg St. Michel, Ktampes.

SANDS OF FONTENAY.

The faluns of Jeurre, and sands of Morigny of the Etampes
district are represented in the environs of Paris by a deposit known
as the “Sands of Fontenay,” from the village of Fontenay-aux-
Roses, where they are typically developed. ‘They are essentially
yellow sands, practically unfossiliferous, of considerable thickness,
and have_a wide horizontal extension round the French metro-
polis, forming the foundations of almost all the new forts. Other
sections worthy of note are at Chatillon and Romainville.

SANDS AND SANDSTONES OF FONTAINEBLEAU.

Succeeding the sands of Fontenay, we have the sands and sand-
stones of Fontainebleau. M. Ch. d’Orbigny showed the difference

* Tournouér, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3¢. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 672.

4o THE OLIGOCENE BEDS

between these two horizons, but French geologists are not in
accord as to their exact relations. We have no space to enter
into this matter, but the following works may be consulted with
advantage—Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér, t. vi. (1878),
p. 299, and observations thereon by MM. Cossmann and Lam-
bert, JZém. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ili. (1884), p. 18.

The Fontainebleau beds are almost unfossiliferous in the
vicinity of the town from which they derive their name, but in
the Etampes district they develop into the shelly sands, &c., as
we have already seen. Many French authors regard the whole of
these beds, including those of Jeurre and Morigny, as comprised in
the Fontainebleau beds, and allude to them collectively as the
“ Sables de Fontainebleau et d’Etampes.” It is tolerably clear,
however, that the sandstone of Fontainebleau is on the same
horizon as that of Ormoy, near Etampes, presently to be des-

cribed.

6. PEBBLY SANDS OF ETRECHY.

THESE sands are unconformable to the beds beneath, and
sometimes repose directly on the molasse of Etrechy without the
intervention of the faluns of Jeurre and sands of Morigny. ‘This
point is conclusively proved by the section of the falun at Brune-
haut, about half-way between Etrechy and Etampes. ‘These
pebbly sands are a littoral deposit, being grey, fawn, or chamois
colored sands, with numerous flint pebbles.

The following typical section* may be seen at the farm of

St. Phalier, near Jeurre :— :
Section at St. Phater.
this a,
Vegetable earth P : ; : about I 6
Alternating yellow and brown sand % : : D7)
Brown and argillaceous sands, with pe bbles : D7
Brown sand, ferruginous i in parts, with pebbles, lying
unevenly on bed below § i 5)
Sands with large pebbles irregular ly dispersed, un-
conforms able to the underlying bed . N83
Sands of Morigny with Meretrix splendida, developing
from a mere thread-like bed into a thickness of . 373)
Red falun, with Aazuea obcvata, visible; . : I

reposing on the falun of Jeurre a little farther on.

A little to the north of the section of St. Phalier, and about
120 yards from the sand-pit at Jeurre, another fine exposure of the
pebbly sands of Etrechy, may be seen. Here are found a large
number of the teeth of Zamna and MMyliobatis, and ribs of Hale.
rium.

Much i feenatind concerning this division of the Oligocene
will be found in the admirable naga of M. Tournoueér, Bul Soc.
Géol, Fr, 3e. Sét., t. Vis (1878); pp.o7 Senet 97g.

Abridged from Cossmann and Lambert, of. cz¢., p. 18.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. AI

7. SANDS OF VAUROUX.

THE beds immediately above the pebbly sands of Etrechy are
difficult to work out. M. Lambert has demonstrated* the exist-
ence of three distinct horizons, the first constituting the sands
with Corbulomya, properly so-called, containing the falun of
Pierrefitte, and having the sands of Vauroux at the base; the
second comprises a series of lilac sands with pebbles; and the
third is sandstone, or fine sand, with the fauna of Ormoy. Subse-
quently the same author + sub-divided the Coréudomya beds into
three parts, describing them in descending order as follows :—
(1) Falun of Pierrefitte, (2) sands of Vauroux, and (3) sands of
Etampes. Eventually he, together with M. Cossmann { showed
that the last-mentioned sands are simply a lateral modification of
those of Vauroux.

The typical section of the Vauroux sands, which occurs near
the College of Etampes, in the river valley at the foot of the wood
of Vauroux, is thus described by M. Lambert :—

Section at Vauroux.

ft. in.

Vegetable-earth : : ‘ : F : : about t 6

Grey sand without fossils, with a greenish-grey vein . ri, 0

Grey sand, yellowish, with some siliceous pebbles. 4 6

Thin bed of yellowish sand : : : : : S
(White quartzose sand with nodules of

eerie of | ee _greenish-grey fossiliferous sand 2) {8}

Saracen W hite quartzose fossiliferous sand 3, 0

| Greyish sand in thin beds . 4 0

(White sand with few shells ; : i ?

Characteristic fossils of the Vauroux sands are, A/urex
pereger, Volutilithes Rathiert, Pleurotoma belgica, Lucina Thierenst,
Tellina Heberti, Meretrix dubia and Corbulomya Morlett.

It is difficult to trace these beds north of Etampes, because
they become unfossiliferous on leaving the typical area.

8. FALUN OF PIERREFITTE.

THIs is composed of white quartzose sands, sometimes micaczous,
indistinctly stratified, and frequently having a layer of siliceous
pebbles. Its mean thickness is about twenty-six feet. The occur-
rence of fossils in this formation is purely local, the beds can be fol-
lowedover wide areas, and are practically unfossiliferous, except here
and there where they open out into rich shelly sands, especially
at the typical locality of Pierrefitte, which is about three miles due
west of Etampes. An exposure of a few feet at Pierrefitte has
yielded as many as 170 species of mollusca. On the occasion

Lambert, Sadles marins de Pierrefitte, Nouv. Arch. du Mus., 2e. s€r., t. iii., p. 257-

*
+ Lambert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ix. (1881), p. 459.
~ Cossmann and Lambert, AMWémz. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ii. (1884), p. 21.

42 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS

of our visit to the district, we were informed that this ex-
posure was closed ; but it will no doubt be opened from time to
time as the neighbouring farmers require to make use of the
valuable deposit for their lands. Messrs. Cossmann and Lambert
give * the following section :—

Section at Prerrefitte.

ft. ims
Vegetable earth . ; ig 6)
\ Loess with dé bras fr om the Beauce limestone : 20)

Drift « Gravels and diluvium sands with large
blocks of meuliéere . ; é ‘ 3ft.tog 6
Falun j Falun, fossiliferous sands : 2 ; 3ft.to6 6
of Pebble bed : : : : 3
Pierrefitte | Fine sands without fossil : : : 5 Oo

The most characteristic fossil of this falun, not only at Pierre-
fitte, but elsewhere, is Corbudomva triangula. The beds contain a
decidedly marine fauna although Potamides Lamarcki, Planorbis
tnopinatus, and other brackish and fresh-water forms occur. In
some sections the teeth of Zamna are also found.

The Pierrefitte formation is also well in evidence at Moulin-
veau, and along the valley of the Chalouette at Saint-Hilaire and
Moulin de Voujouan, and at Cote-St.-Martin. Other exposures
are near Vauvert and Vauroux (p. 41), and in the wood of Vandou-
leurs (near Morigny). At the last-mentioned locality a friable
sandstone is found with Axinea obovata and Meretrix subarata.

9. PEBBLY SANDS OF SACLAS.

THis horizon, which is met with to the south of Etampes is
littoral in origin ; the sands are of lilac, yellow and grey tints, fine,
quartzose, occasionally finely stratified, and alternating with beds
of pebbles. ‘The formation is best seen in the vicinity of Chalo-
Saint-Mars, but it is also exposed at Boissy-la-Riviere, Saclas,
Meréville, Petit-Saint-Mars and Ormoy, all of which are no great
distance from the convenient Oligocene centre—Etampes. The
only fossils found in the beds are rolled teeth of Zamna, which
are probably vemanzeés.

10. SANDS OF ORMOY.

THis characteristic and important horizon is rarely more than
thirteen feet in thickness, but is very useful for correlating
purposes. As we have previously mentioned (p. 40), it is regarded
as the equivalent of the Fontainebleau sandstone. The quartzose
white Ormoy sands frequently become compacted into a hard
sandstone with a calcareous matrix, which is used for building
purposes ; and by resisting erosion is often seen playing the 7é/e
of a protecting shield on the tops of the hills round the typical

* Cossmann and Lambert, of. cit., p. 23.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 43

locality Ormoy-la-Rivitre, south of Etampes. The only two
fossiliferous localities in these beds are at Ormoy and Chalo-Saint-
Mars. We visited the former place, but no good section was
visible ; a few lumps of stone and a dirty grey sand occurred on
the edge of a ploughed field high on the hill to the east of the
village, and here and there the characteristic fossil, Cardita Bazint,
and others put in an appearance, but that was all. The Ormoy
beds in their unfossiliferous condition, however, are extremely
easy to study in the locality, owing to the numerous quarries in
them for building stone. Perhaps the finest section is the one we
saw at Cote-St.-Martin, where the overlying beds are also well
developed. Other exposures are at St. Hilaire, Valnay, Lardy,
Bouray, La Ferté-Alais and Maisse. In certain places the
uppermost beds are of fluviatile origin, which, together with the
palzeontological evidence, is an indication of the close affinities
subsisting between this horizon and the Beauce limestone,
presently to be described; in other words, it attests the inti-
mate relationships of the Tongrian with the Aquitanian. We
would especially draw attention to this fact as showing the
complcte succession of this important phase of the Oligocenes in
the vicinity of Etampes, and its bearings on the general question
of the sub-division of this part of the European Tertiaries. That
the line can easily be drawn between the Tongrian and Aquitanian
beds in other Tertiary basins we freely admit, but the division
seems very arbitrary so far as the Paris basin is concerned.

11. MARLS OF ETAMPES.

ABOVE the Ormoy sand and sandstone comes the local horizon
known as the Avthinia-marls of Etampes. It is essentially a
passage bed, containing Zimncea, Planorbis, Pupa, Helix and
certain plants (Chara medicaginula, for example), and it is covered
by the formation next described.

12. LIMESTONE OF BEAUCE.

THESE beds are sometimes known as the ‘‘ Zravertin de Beauce,”
r “ Travertin supérieur.”

As the Beauce Limestone is traced northwards from the typical
locality it becomes much altered in character, and is then called
the ‘‘ Meulicres de Montmorency, These meuliéres are well
developed on the plateaux round Paris where the lower portions
are sometimes fossiliferous, containing Pofamides, &c. Helix
Ramondi has been found at Trappes*, whilst M. Dollfus has
detected Valvata disjuncta at Frépillon. This latter authority
sayst that the Beauce Limestone, taken together with its altered
facies the “ AZeulicres de Montmorency,” covers the greater part

* Tournouér, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xxiv. (1867), p. 489.

+ Dollfus, Extension des terr. Tert. bas. Anglo-Parisien, Mém. Soc. Géol. Norut.?
Contptes rendus, Exp. (1877), p. 18.

44 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS

of Eure, Vexin, Valois, Brie, and has such a great development to
the south that it is difficult to appreciate its limits. It is found in
the valleys of the Allier and the Loire, the Cantal and even in the
basin of the Garonne.

In the Beauce and neighbouring regions the lacustrine lime-
stone is divided into two parts, separated by a sandy clay.* The
lower limestone, the ‘‘ Calcatre du Gdatinats” of M. de Roys, is
about forty-eight feet in thickness. It is devoid of flinty matter
near Etampes, and the most characteristic fossils are Zzmna@a
Brongniarti, L. cornea, Helix Ramondt, Planorbis cornu and
Potamides Lamarckt. The remains of several mammals have been
found at La Ferté-Alais. This bed is well developed at. the
quarry of St. Mare. It is quarried for building stone, amongst
other places, between Beaune-la-Rolande and Montargis. In
the Blois district the Zzmn@a limestone is about sixty-five to
ninety-seven feet in thickness, and Amphitragulus elegans,
Dremotherium Feignouxt, Tapirus Poirriert, and other- mammals
are found.t+

18. SANDS OF GATINAIS.

ABOVE the lower limestone just referred to, comes the “ wo/asse
du Gatinats” of M. Douvillé, which is made up of green loam
with siliceous sands and sandy Limestone. The total thickness of
this local deposit is about forty-eight feet, and south of Etampes it
is found between the Beauce Limestone, properly so-called, and
the He/zx-limestone of the Orléanais, which latter is usually, though
not always, regarded by French geologists as belonging to the
Miocene (see p. 111).

AN OUTLINE GUIDE TO THE PRINCIPAL
SECTIONS AND FOSSILIFEROUS
LOCALITES.+

A DESCRIPTION of the best centres for studying the Tertiary
geology of the Paris Basin will, we think, be useful to English
geologists ; and, as we have visited many of the best sections, the
following hints are chiefly the result of personal experience.

Several sections may often be conveniently reached from a
single place ;.and we shall, therefore, indicate the various localities
which may be visited from each of these centres, with the distance

* Douvillé, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. iv..(1876), p. 92.

+t Exp. Carte Géol. Fr. Blois sheet.

t For a complete list of the fossiliferous exposures in the Paris basin consult Stan.

Meunier, Géol. des Env. de Paris, Paris (1875), pp. 447, e¢ sqq-

GUIDE TO LOCALITIES. 45

in English miles* from the same, and mention the formations
seen at each section.

Paris forms an excellent starting point, as many of the most
interesting localities are within easy reach. If the Dover-Calais
route be taken on going from England, some forty to fifty miles
travelling can be saved by stopping at Creil; several good
exposures exist near that place as will presently be seen.

Topographical and geological maps should, of course, be
procured. First, as to the former; those published by L.
Baudouin et Cie., 30 Rue et Passage Dauphin, Paris, are the
bests Scale —. (about fin.. to 1 mile), price; one’ franc
each. ‘They are each named from the principal town or city in
the sheet, and include an area of forty by twenty-five miles ; each
bears a distinctive number. The following embrace nearly the
whole area of the basin, and certainly all the important parts for
the geologist : Rouen (31), Beauvais (32), Soissons (33), Reims
(34), Evreux (47), Paris (48), Meaux (49), Chalons (50), Melun
(65), Provins (66), Fontainebleau (80). If only the most inter-
esting portion, nearest Paris, is to be studied, Rouen, Beauvais,
Soissons, Paris and Evreux are sufficient for the Eocenes, and
Melun and Fontainebleau for the Oligocenes.

The geological maps, to the same scale as above, are to be
obtained from Messrs. Baudry et Cie., 15, Rue des Saints-Péres,
Paris.

A word or two as to the collection of fossils may be useful.
Strong calico bags of various sizes, but mostly large, say 12 in. by
7 in. to 7in. by 4in., are the best receptacles for fossils, and they
should be so made that the mouth can be drawn together and
tied by a tape. A brass ring sewn on enables several bags to be
threaded on a strap and carried with ease without fear of breakage.

Sift ! is the watchword in the Paris area, as the smaller species
of mollusca are always missed if this is neglected. Two wire
sieves, One sixteen meshes and the other eight meshes to the lineal
inch, are suitable. A hammer is not often required ; a pointed
trowel, with a biade 5 in. or 6in. long, is Be male useful for
taking up the loose material. Some chip boxes, to hold the
rarer or more delicate species, should be provided. A written
label, tied to the ring of each bag, shows at a glance the locality
and formation of the contents. For the fossils of the Sad/es
Inféricurs, some preservative, such as Potassic Silicate,+ is required ;
or they may be brought away wrapped in cotton-wool, and sub-
sequently treated. But by far the greater number of the fossils
are in a magnificent state of preservation, and are easily collected
and carried without the least risk of fracturing them.

Space will only allow us to name some of the more important
exposures in the Paris basin; but none, however small, should

* Three miles = five kilométres, very nearly.
+ ‘ Water-glass” ; procurable at Messrs. Wilcox and Co., 239, Oxford Street, London.

46 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES

be neglected in studying this area. Many of the richest fossili-
ferous sections are small in extent, as, for instance, Grignon
and La Ferme de |]Orme; in some instances roadside cut-
tings, of a few feet in height, are crowded with splendid species,
as at Mouchy; in other cases, the surfaces of the fields are
covered with specimens, as at La Frileuse, near Grignon, and
St. Sulpice, near Ver. At the former, very fine specimens of
Cerithium serratum can be obtained, turned up by the plough.
In short, every sabliére, coguillage, and carri¢re, should be ex-
amined.

PARIS CENTRE.

Taking Paris as our first centre, the principal points to study
in the vicinity are the following. ‘The most fossiliferous are
marked xX.

] 5
| Distance and

Localities. |Direction from Formation.
| UT a be
Montmartre N. Gypsum.
Argenteuil N.W. 3
Sannois . N.W

”
: St. Ouen Limestone.
N.W. Calcaire Grossier, &c.
Gypsum.

wie
}
7
a
=

La Frette-sous-Cormeilles
Sartrouville
Moentigey
Herblay.
x Beauchamp
Frépil'on

_ | Sables Moyens.
N.W. Gypsum.

ee |
OFPiIwNDND OHO OW
4] DIR WIR lH 3
Zipp,
saa
45

St Ouen N. St. Ouen Limestone.
Enghien 4 N. Gypsum.
Montmorency 1@e. IN Beauce Limestone.
Méry 16} N.W. | Sables Moyens, &c.
x Auvers 174 N.W 5 es
x Valmendois 18 N.W. ; a
Auteuil . fa \WNfs Plastic Clay, &c.
Nanterre ; GT We Marls of Nanterre.
Carriéres St. Denis 8k W. Calcaire Grossier.

Pantin apeNEE. Gypsum.

Romainville . 4% N.E 4
Bry-sur-Marne : @) Ie Ms
Champigny-sur-Marne . 9) ploy Champigny Limestone.
Villeparisis 14 N.E. Gypsum.

Vaugirard 24 S.W. Calcaire Grossier.

Iss : 44 S.W. Plastic Clay, &c.
Meudon : Ge Say. Marls of Meudon, &c.
Montrouge . : ; A Cv SY Calcaire Grossier.
Gentilly 3.58: ”
Arcueil Thy FS) re :

MONTMARTRE.—This celebrated hill in the north of Paris
furnished the classic quarries of Gypsum, and provided Cuvier
with the chief material for his Ossemens fosstles. ‘The beds
are very varied in character and thickness. ‘The mammalia were

* Distances in English miles from the centre of Paris, and as the crow flies.

IN THE PARIS BASIN. 47

chiefly found in the “ First Mass” of Gypsum, and the white
marls associated with it. ‘This is now built over.

ARGENTEUIL and neighbourhood can be reached from St.
Lazare, and several good quarries are worked in the Gypsum, a
little to the north of Argenteuil, on the roads to Sannois and
Enghien. A very fine section is that called Carriere Bast, at
Orgemont (see p. 32). The downward continuation of the beds
can be seen in another quarry nearer the railway.

BeaucHamPp.—From Paris, Gare du Nord, to St. Leu. The
fossiliferous sections in the Middle Sables Moyens (Horizon of
Beauchamp) are within two miles of the station.

Auvers, Miry, AND VALMONDo!Is.-—From Paris (Gare du Nord)
take train to Auvers. The typical section is about one and a-half
miles due north of Auvers, on the top of the hill, passing the church.
That at Valmondois is within two miles of, and contains very similar
fossils to that at, Auvers. ‘The important section, cut by the
railway at Méry, is well described by MM. G. Dollfus and G
Vasseur in the paper already referred to.*

VAUGIRARD, Issy, AND Mreupon.—The farthest point, Meu-
don, can be reached from Paris va the Gare Montparnasse, and
the other sections are within walking distance.

The following sketch section + will readily explain the relation
of the beds is this neighbourhood.

Fig. 13.—Section from Vaugirard to Meudon.
Vaugirard L357 Meudon

ess —t—!
RON 5 ) Lh Asa ESS
6. Calcaire Grossier. 4. Plastic Clay. 2. Pisolitic Limestone.
5. Fausses Glaises. 3. White Marls. 1. Chalk.

Issy.—The Plastic Clay section at Issy is very near the fortifi-
cations, on the south side of the road from Vaugirard to Issy.
About one anda-half miles on the road past Issy, and close to the
west side of the Fort of Issy, is an interesting quarry in Upper
and Middle Calcaire Grossier.

Mevupon.—Close to the railway, about half-a-mile north of
Meudon, the Plastic Clay is again seen, together with the con-
glomerate formed of the d@’dr7s of Chalk, Pisolitic Limestone, Xc.,
containing Gastornis, Coryphodon, &c. On the south side of the
road from Issy to Meudon, near Bas Meudon, the Lower Calcaire
Grossier, the Plastic Clay, and the Pisolitic Limestone are again
seen ; the last mentioned resting unconformably on the Chalk.

* Dollfus and Vasseur, Bull. Soc. Géol. de France. 3¢. sér., vol. vi. (1878), p. 243, &c
+ From Dr. Hovelacque’s notes.

48 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES

GENTILLY AND ARCUEIL.-—The quarries in the Calcaire
Grossier at these localities have been referred to.* The Carriére
Robine, near the Porte de Gentilly and the Carritres Lavenand,
Nos. 1 and 2, are fine exposures. ‘The latter quarry is close to
Arcueil.

GRIGNON CENTRE .—(Nineteen miles W. of Paris.)

Leaving Paris and its immediate neighbourhood, one of the
best centres for the fossils of the Calcaire Grossier is that of
Grignon.

| Distance and

Localities. |Direction Srom Formation.
Grignon.

Grignon : : : : aes Calcaire Grossier.
Thiverval . : : et |® Sesl Ve 55

La Frileuse . : é a 2 N.W. < e

La Ferme de |’Orme 4) W A 5
Houdan : ; 5 | ao WE “ 5)
Pontchartrain : ; smu || ae WV) Sables Supérieurs.
Montainville . 33 NW Pisolitic Limestone.

From Paris (Gare Montparnasse), take train to Plaisir-Grignon.
There are two inns in the village ; but if better accommodation is
required, Versailles may be made the headquarters, though it is not
so convenient.

Gricnon.—The celebrated section at this village f is situated
in the grounds of the Ecole d’ Agriculture, and. permission is
required “from the Director of the school to examine the coguzllage.
At the school, the fine collection of Calcaire Grossier fossils
should not be missed.

THIVERVAL.—The quarry at this place, just outside, and on
the west of the Park of Grignon, is in Lower Calcaire Grossier,
with Venericardia planicosta, and sharks’ teeth.

La FRILEusE.—On the road to the farm of that name, about
one mile from Thiverval, is a very small roadside section in Upper
Calcaire Grossier ; Cerithium serratum, Conorbis lineolatus and
Bayania lactea are plentiful.

The high ground in this neighbourhood is generally capped
with Upper Calcaire Grossier, and fossils may be obtained from
several small exposures ; JZesafia fasctafa occurs, in varied forms,
in the harder beds.

La FERME DE L’ORME.—-Take train or ‘bus from Grignon to
Neauphle-le-Chateau, and walk thence through Neauphle- Je-Vi 1eux,
about 34 miles N.W., on the road to Septeuil, to the farm. T here
are two sections in the fields, and permission should be obtained
from the proprietor to examine them. ‘The Upper and Middle

* Ante, p. 20. + See p: 22:

IN THE PARIS BASIN. 49

Calcaire Grossier are here exceedingly fossiliferous; a band of
Terebeilum is especially striking.

NVote.—The Railway cutting near Villiers, on the way from
Grignon to Neauphle, passes through a very fossiliferous portion
of the Upper Calcaire Grossier.

MOonrTAINVILLE.—About five miles nearly due north of
Neauphle-le-Chateau, the Pisolitic Limestone is exposed, with its
characteristic fossils, mostly, however, in the form of casts. On
the road to Montainville, Beynes is passed, which is interesting
for its fossiliferous Chalk, here in a magnesian condition.

Houpan is a very rich locality for fossils of the Calcaire

Grossier.

GISORS CENTRE.—(Thirty-nine miles N.W. of Paris.)

Leaving Grignon, itis best to return to Paris ; and if the latter
is to be re-visited, some trouble is saved by leaving the collected
fossils in the depdt for a few days. ‘Take train from St. Lazare
to Gisors, an excellent point from which to study some sections
very rich in fossils. There is an inn opposite the station.

| Distance and |

Localities. Direction from | Forniation.
Gisors. |

Chambors . : . |. 2% S.E. |’ Calcaire Grossier.
Chaumont-en- -Vexin ; 4% S.E. ¥
Le Vivray Goose, | .
Liancourt St. Pierre 64 S.E. | 5
Vaudancourt . 33 :S. a
Hérouval gts. | Sands of Soissonnais.
Montjavoult . 43 S. | Sables Moyens.
Parnes 6) Se Calcaire Grossier.
Montagny 53 S. Sables Moyens.
Magny 83 S. St. Ouen Limestone.
Chaussy TA 3S: Calcaire Grossier.
Le Fayel 133 S.E. | Sables Moyens.
Le Ruel Tey Spl
Marines t4 ‘S.E, | ‘

CHAMBoRS.—Several large quarries in the Upper Calcaire
Grossier.

CuHauMontT.—Large road-side section, very fossiliferous, in the
Calcaire Grossier.

Le Vivray.—Large cutting at the side of the railway, yielding
very fine fossils, Zurritella terebellata, Venericardia planiosta, &c.

LIANCOURT.—Sand-pit near the road in. Lower Calcaire
Grossier, showing the conglomerate bed and junction with the
Sables de Cuise in the lowest part, which is fossiliferous.

Note.—Practically the whole of the road from Chaumont to
Liancourt presents a series of sections of the Calcaire Grossier,
and all can be easily studied in one day.

5° GUIDE TO LOCALITIES

Hf£rRouvAL.—Some road-side sand-pits in the sands of the
Soissonnais yield a rich assemblage of fossils, as already stated.*
They are small exposures and not easy to find.

MontTyavouLt.—At the hamlet called Le Vouast, near a
brickyard (the proprietor of which conducted us to the pit), is a
good but small exposure of Sables Moyens with many fossils ;
Potamides concavus is abundant, colour-marking being preserved.

ParNeEs.—One of the richest Calcaire Grossier localities in the
Paris basin. The sections are L’Aunaie, Beauves Farm, and
Chaudry. Cerithium spiratuim is one of the remarkable fossils of
this locality, but it is rare.

Cuaussy.—A rich locality for Calcaire Grossier fossils, reached
by train to Fourges; the village is two and a-half miles east of
the station.

Le Rueni.—Take train to Chars, walk through Neuilly-en-
Vexin and Le Heaulme to Le Ruel. A sand-pit at a road corner,
near the inn, has a rich assemblage of fossils, many species being
identical with the Barton fauna. It is necessary to dig a trench
for the best Species ; but the innkeeper will do this for asmall sum.
Melongena minax is very characteristic and good.

of the other sections named it need only be said that they are
all good and fossiliferous.

MOUCHY CENTRE.—(Thirty-four miles N. of Paris.)

From Gisors, possibly the next best centre is Mouchy, about
thirty miles by rail from the former, passing through Beauvais ;
or Mouchy can be reached from Paris vz@ Creil on the Chemin de
Fer du Nord. Station, Heilles-Mouchy. Inn at Mouchy, two miles;
or at Noailles, four and a-half miles from the station.

Distance and
Localities. Direction frone Formation.
Mouchy.

Mouchy-le-Chatel . ; | ct Calcaire Grossier.
Noailles i 2 : Bile eee Ne Sables Inférieurs.
Mouy . 33 E. Calcaire Grossier.
St. Felix (Fay -sous- Bois) Ba INE De ,
Ponchon P SeNEWe Calcaire Grossier, &c.

Ully-St.-Georges . 7 hy i
Bracheux 6 N.W. Sables Inférieurs,.
Abbecourt 53 N.W. F

Soon after leaving the station (Heilles-Mouchy) is a section
on the left af the road i in fossiliferous Saddles de Cutse.

The Calcaire Grossier can be well studied at the points indi-
cated ; and the exposures are rich in fossils, those of Mouchy and
Fay-sous-bois especially.

*\p; 12

IN THE. PARIS BASIN. 51

Moucuy.—The section of Mouchy is on the road between
Fercourt and Fayel, one mile south of Mouchy. It is only a few
feet in height, on either side of the road, in very white Calcaire
Grossier, exceedingly fossiliferous, with spendidly preserved speci-
mens, many with colour markings.

Movuy.—On the same road towards Mouy, several sections
occur in Middle and Upper Calcaire Grossier.

St. Fetrx (Fay-sous-Bois).—This exposure, about two miles
to the north of Heilles-Mouchy station, is in very fossiliferous
Calcaire Grossier.

PoNCHON.—Showing fossiliferous sands at the base of the
Calcaire Grossier, &c.

NoalLiLes.—This section is close to the town, and is an 1m-
portant one, having produced some fine fossils. We were not
rewarded in our searches, but stratigraphically the exposure is
interesting.

BRACHEUX AND ABBECOURT.—Leave Heilles-Mouchy station
for St. Sulpice, near Abbecourt, or walk from Mouchy on the
road to Beauvais (about eight miles).

The typical fossiliferous locality of the sands of Bracheux is in
a wood called Bois d’ Epine, one mile north of Abbecourt. ‘Two
other sand-pits exist near Les Godins, half-a-mile north of St.
Sulpice.

In the valley east of St. Sulpice, the Greensand, Gault and
Chalk are met with, and on the hill slopes the Bracheux sands
are found in pockets resting on the last mentioned formation.

MORTEFONTAINE CENTRE.—(Twenty-two miles N.E. of Paris.)

After studying the above-named sections, we have the choice
of two routes, one east towards Soissons, and another south-east
to Senlis and neighbourhood. The latter being nearer Paris, we
will describe it first. ‘The most central town for our purpose is
Mortefontaine.

| Radine eand
Localities. Direction from | Formation.
Mor tefontaine.

Mortefontaine ; : : be | Sables Moyens.
e Guépelle . ; BL SEN he 7
La Chapelle-en-Serval . 3 W oe
Butte-aux-Clochettes 23 N. +,
St. Sulpice, near Ver 2 fs
Ver 2 ‘ ri Dede | 3
Ermenonville iQ de Fe
Senlis 7 ANT &e.

If approached from Paris, take train (Gare du Nord) to Sur-
villiers, and omnibus from the latter to Mortefontaine where there
is a fairly comfortable hotel.

52 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES

MortTEFONTAINE.—The fossiliferous sand-pit is within half-a-
mile north-west of the village.

Le GufreLLe.—This is one of the richest fossiliferous sections
of the Sables Moyens in the Paris basin,* and is situated on the
east side of the route nationale to Senlis, about one mile south of
Survilliers station. There is no hamlet of the name, which is
derived from a farm. The section is a large one, on the road-side,
not far from an inn.

(La CHAPELLE-EN-SERVAL.—About one and a-half miles to
the south-east of La Chapelle, in a wood, is the quarry, rich in
Sables Moyens fossils, before referred to.

BUTTE-AUX-CLOCHETTES.—Near the farm St. Marguerite, in
the thick part of the wood Haute Chaume, is an exposure of the
sandy and very fossiliferous Sables Moyens (upper horizon).

Sr. SuLpice.—Near Ver. Some small exposures in the park
are exceedingly fossiliferous. A farm labourer can be obtained to
show the exact spot, which is not otherwise easily found.

VeR.—This very fine section already described{ has a rich
assemblage of fossils.

ERMENONVILLE.—The Sables Moyens of this neighbourhood
have furnished many fine species, and small exposures can occa-
sionally be found in rabbit-burrows and ditches, especially on the
right bank of the river Nonette, nearly opposite the tomb of Jean
Jacques Rousseau.

SENLIS.—In the neighbourhood of this town several fossili-
ferous pits are open in the Sables Moyens and Calcaire
Grossier.

PONT-SAINTE-MAXENCE, CUISE, SOISSONS, &c.

The next district to claim our attention is more extensive
and its important exposures much scattered. It is, therefore,
most convenient to make several stopping places.

PONT-SAINTE-MAXENCE.— (Thirty-four miles north-east of
Paris.) -May be reached from Survilliers (after studying the
sections in the neighbourhood of Mortefontaine) or direct from
Paris (Gare du Nord).

Here the Calcaire Grossier is, as already mentioned, dolomitic$
and is worked, among other places, at Minbertin, half-a-mile south
of Pont-St.-Maxence. One mile north of the latter is

SARRON.—The Lignites of the Soissonnais are exposed half-a-
mile north of the village, in a cenrdri¢re close to the railway.
There are two sections, both fossiliferous, with AZe/ania inguinata,
and other familiar Woolwich and Reading species.

Leaving Pont-Sainte-Maxence, take train vwz@ Compiegne to

* See detailed section, azte, p. 29.

+ Ante, p. 28. t Ante, p. 27. § Ante, p. 17.

IN THE PARIS BASIN: 53

Trosly-Breuil, and from the latter walk one and a-half miles south-
east to

CuisE La Motre.—(Forty-nine miles north-east of Paris.)
There is a comfortable inn in the village. The celebrated and
richly fossiliferous typical section* of the Saddles de Curse lies to
the west, just outside the village.

At several points in the woods of Cuise, fossiliferous exposures
of the Sables de Cuise and Lower Calcaire Grossier may be
found.

From Cuise, excursions may be made towards the south to
Pierrefonds and Morienval, through some charmingly beautiful
country; the Gorge du Han is especially fine with the distant view
of Pierrefonds and its fine Chateau.

PIERREFONDS.—(Three miles south of Cuise.) Close to this
town, on the road from Cuise at La Pisselotte, are two sections in
fossiliferous Sadles de Cuise and Lower Calcaire Grossier ; and
south of Pierrefonds (Gorge de Pierrefonds) is another section in
Sables de Cuise with fétes-de-chat. Yurther south on the same
road, at the farm of Bas Palesne is a section in Middle Calcaire
Grossier, and at Haut Palesne a section in Sables de Cutse
showing the passage into Lower Calcaire Grossier.

MorIENVAL is four and a-half miles south of Pierrefonds,
and at several points are fossiliferous sections in Sadles de Cuise
and Calcaire Grossier—particularly at Fossemont, close to
Morienval.

Returning to Cuise and leaving from Trosly-Breuil, a halt may
be made at

Sorssons.—Close to this city, at St. Christophe, and at
another section half-a-mile south of the latter, are exposures of the
Lignites with Ostrea bellovacensis, Corbicula cunetformts, and other
characteristic fossils.

The sandstone of Belleu, a short distance south of Soissons,
has furnished a fine flora from the upper part of the Lignites, but
the quarries are now exhausted.

At Mercin, two miles west of Soissons, the Sands of the
Soissonnais are fossiliferous and contain fine Velazes Schmidelt, &c.

The following centres from which the Eocene beds may be
examined are suggestions only, as, with some exceptions, we have
not personally visited the sections ; but they are all important and
characteristic localities, and many are referred to in the strati-
graphical descriptions in the preceding pages.

* See description, p. 11.
p )

54 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES

LA FERTE-SOUS-JOUARRE CENTRE.—(Thirty-six miles E. of
Paris.)

s |
Distance and

Localities. Direction jrom Formation.
La Ferté.

La Ferté-sous-Jouarre . A ack Sables Mice ens.
Nanteuil-sur-Marne ‘ : 53 N.E. | Limestone of St. Ouen.
Chateau-Thierry . wi IN|sI8e Lignites, &c.
Brasles, near Chateau- -Thierry 15) NEE) Calcaire Grossiers
Montmirail : F ; j 200 S.Ee ‘ 5
Tancrou : : ; P 6 N.W. | Sables Moyens.
Lisy-sur-Ourcq.. : : 7 NEW al ¥ 1
Vendrest : : F : TaN i ~
Acy-en-Multien . a : 13 N.W: Calcaire Grossier.
SEtzimens : : : 16 N.W. | Sables Moyens.

|
|
|

The interesting sections in this portion of the Pare basin are
somewhat scattered, and certain of the places cannot be reached by
rail. Chateau Thierry, Brasles and Montmirail have stations, and
some of the other places can be approached by rail to within a
few miles. ‘Tancrou and Lisy are within five miles of Changis
station. Betz and Acy are within six miles of Nanteuil-le-Hau-
douin station, on the Paris-Soissons line.

EPERNAY CENTRE .—(Seventy-six miles E. of Paris.)

Distance and
Localities. Direction from Formation.

Epernay.

Epernay ; : : es Lignites.
Bernon, near Eipernay

. ”
Les Rozitres, near Kpernay .

nee my
Cumiéres 2) N.W. Calcaire Grossier.
Damery . ; 5) IN: W: es °.
Fleury-la- Riviére ; 6 N.W. _
Nanteuil-la-Fosse . 6 N. » ))
Courtagnon 7 ING 5 -
Sermiers @ INE Lignites.

Chamery Om: Calcaire Grossier.
Germaine ; 6 NE. St. Ouen Limestone.
Mt. Aimé, near Vertus . 3 Sh Pisolitic Limestone.

H

The sections in the Lignites in the neighbourhood of Epernay
contain such characteristic fossils as Potamides funatus, which 1s
here variable in form. The Calcaire Grossier exposures are very
rich in fossils, that at Damery especially so. ‘The section is at the
upper part of a deep ravine about one mile from the village.
Damery is easily reached by train from Epernay.

The celebrated Mt. Aimé is situated within two miles of the
Colligny station on the branch line from Epernay. The Pisolitic
Limestone is worked in great galleries or caves.

I

N THE PARIS BASIN.

8)

RHEIMS CENTRE.—(Eighty-two miles N.E. of Paris.)

Localities.

Rheims .

Cernay .

Brimont

Chalons- sur-Vesle .
Chenay .
ahieesicount
Jonchery-sur- Werle:
Fismes .

Rilly-la- Montagne |

Distance and
Direction from Formation.
Rheins.
oes St. Quen Limestone, &c.
3 SE: Lignites.
Gj VIN Sables Inférieurs.
6 N. W. ” bb]
52 NAW: ” ”
6 N.W. -
Io W. . 4
16 WW. 3 =
i) IS) Rilly Limestone.

This is an excellent centre for the study of the Sables

Inférieurs—Brimont,
especially fossiliferous.

Chalons,

Chenay and Jonchery being

LAON CENTRE.—(Seventy-seven miles N.E. of Paris )

Formation.

ea Distance and
Localities. Direction from
Laon.
Laon Be
La Fére 14 N.W.
Sinceny (or Sainceny) 18 W.
NIZA aN 64 S.W.
Urcel Sy SD:

Sables Inférieurs.
Sands of La Fére.
Lignites.
Sables Inférieurs.
Lignites.

The sections are important ;

that of Aizy being the typical

exposure of the lower horizon of the Sands of the Soissonnais.
La Fere is also a classical locality; whilst Sainceny affords _
excellent outcrops* of the interesting series of deposits found

between the Lignites and the Nummulitic Sands of the Soissonnais.

ETAMPES CENTRE.—(Thirty-one miles S. of Paris.)

Localities.

Etampes

Etrechy

Jeurre

Morigny
Pierrefitte
Carrefour
Ormoy-la-Riviére
Cote St. Martin

Distance and
Direction front

Etam Pes.

|

|
|

Foriuiation.

So

wim

ANZA Zz

HHH DN ww

Sables Supérieurs.

* Ante, p. 10,

56 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES.

The only real centre for studying the Oligocene beds of the
Paris basin, in order to see both the palaontological and strati-
graphical features, is Etampes.

Leave Paris (Chemin de Fer d’Orléans) for Etampes, where
there are several inns. Train can be taken from Etampes to
Etrechy, and the sections are found mostly on the walk back to
Etampes. As the exposures are not very clear, we will describe
their position fully. Just after passing the railway arch on the
main road from Etrechy to Etampes on the right-hand side of the
road is a trench about six feet deep for drainage purposes, and
the characteristic fauna of this Etrechy section is seen, with
Brachytrema Boblayet, &c. The section is much weathered and
not easy to find.

About one and a-quarter miles from Etrechy, along the main
road, on the right-hand side, is the classical Sablicre of Jeurre
already described.* Half-a-mile further on, towards Etampes, a
farm road branches east to Ville-Martin farm. About a quarter-
of-a-mile from this, to the south, in a coppice, is the section of
Morigny, a few feet of sand among the roots of trees, full of
Potamides trochlearts, Bayania semidecussata and Potamides
plicatus and other fossils.

Another excursion can be made from Etampes to Pierrefitte,
taking the bye-road from the former to Pierrefitte, keeping
on the north bank of the river Challouette. The section is about
a quarter-of-a-mile beyond Pierrefitte. Returning part of the way
to Pierrefitte, strike south across the river to Carrefour, where
there are two sections. About one and a-half miles over the
railway, at the junction of two main roads, is the great quarry of
Cote St. Martin.+ Afterwards take the road due south to Ormoy
la Riviere, about two miles from Céte St. Martin. The fossil-
iferous locality i is on the top of the hill a short distance east of the
village.

* Ante, p. 38. t Ante, p. 43.

PALZ ONTOLOGY. 57

PALAZZONTOLOGY OF THE EOCENE AND
OLIGOCENE BEDS OF THE PARIS BASIN.

(Including a list of the Mollusca.)

Considered from their paleontological aspect, the Eocene and
Oligocene beds of the Paris basin are of the highest possible
interest to the student of almost every section of organic life, Ver-
tebrata, Invertebrata, and Plante being well represented at different
horizons, as we have already seen in dealing with the sub-divisions
of the various formations. Within our present limits, it is Impos-
sible to do more than allude to the salient features of the
varied faunas and floras presented to us, and no attempt will be
made to deal exhaustively with the subject ; with this exception,
that a complete list of the molluscan fauna is appended, to which
we shall hereafter more fully refer.

Taking the fossils in systematic order, we propose 10 give an
outline of the leading features of each class, with references to the
principal authorities on the respective subjects.

VERTEBRATA.
Mammatlia.—Mammalian remains are very varied and abun-
dant in some of the beds now under consideration, and they have
been fully discussed by the following authors :—Cuvier*, De Blain-
villet, P. Gervaist, Pictet§, Gaudry||. Amongst the characteristic
mammalian remains, the following may be cited :—

Order. Genus. Species. Formation.
LEMUROIDEA. Adapts parisiensis, Cuv. Gypsum.
CREODONTA, Pterodon dasyuroides, Gery. 5

Flyenodon parisiensis, Laur, op

Arctocyon primevus, Blain. Sab. Inf.
CHIROPTERA. Vesper tilio parisiensts. Gypsum.
AMBLYPODA, Corvphodon4, eoceenicus, Owen Plastic Clay.
PERISSODACTYLA. Pale@otherium magnum, Cuv. Gypsum.

ARTIODACTYLA.

SIRENIA.
CARNIVORA.

”

”

Ue ophiodon
Pachynolophus

”
Cheeropotamus
Anoplotherium
AX iphodon
Dichobunus
FHlalitherium
Paleonictis

crassum, Cuy.
medium, Cuv.
minus, Cuy.
parisiensis, Gerv.
Prevosit, Gerv.
Duval, (Pomel)
parisiensis, Cuv.
commune, Cuv.
gracilis, Cuv.
leporinus, Cuv.
(ribs & teeth).
gigantea, Blain.

”

”

3
Lignites, &c.
Calc. Gross.

9
Gypsum
”

”

”)
Font. Sand.
Lignites.

* Cuvier, Recherch, sur Oss. foss., Paris (1812), and later editions.
+ De Blainville, Ostéo. des Mam. réc. et foss., Paris (1839-1863).
t Gervais, Zool. et Pal. francaises (1859).
§ Pictet, Traité de Paléont.
|| Gaudry, Exchain. du monde Anim., Paris (1878), &c.
_ Ancétres de nos Animaux.
| For an account of Coryphodon remains, see E. T. Newton, Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol.

vill. (1883), p. 250.

58 PALEONTOLOGY

Aves.—The Paris basin has yielded several snecies of birds,
though it is not so rich in this respect as the Miocene district of
Allier (Central France), from which about seventy species have
been recorded. ‘The Meudon conglomerate has yielded Gastornis
parisiensis, Hébert, and in the Gypseous beds of Montmartre
Cuvier recognised the following species, chiefly by their foot-
jOvavants; <—— :

fanily. Genus. Species.
CARINATA. Paleortyx floffmanni (Gerv.).
Circus (?)
Hlalietus or
Pandion (2)
Strix (2)
yitta (?) Cuviert, Gerv.
Coturnix (2)
Scolupax (?)
Pelidua (?)
Ardea (?)
Numenius (2) gypsorum, Gerv.
Pelecanus.

Sir A. Geikie, F.R.S., summarises the bird fauna in the following
words*: ‘From the Upper Eocene beds of the Paris basin, ten
species of birds have been obtained, including forms allied to the
buzzard, woodcock, quail, pelican, ibis, flamingo, and African
hornbill.” More or less perfect fragments have been met with in
the Sables Moyens and St. Ouen Marls.+

Repttlia.—Several species of Reptilia are met with in the
Eocene and Oligocene beds of the basin ; those most frequently,
occurring are the following :—

Order. Genus. Species. Formation.
CROCODILIA. Dyplocynodon depressifrons, Blain. Plastic Clay,&c.
i obtusidens, Pomel Sab. de Curse.
55 Lollinati, Gray Sab. Moy.
a parisiensis, Cuv. Gypsum.
OPHIDIA. Paleophis giganteus, Pomel Sds. of Soiss.
CHELONIA, Trionyx parisiensis, Meyer Gypsum.
* granosus, Pomel Sab. de Cutse.
i vittatus, r Plastic Clay,&c.
96 levigatus, ,, Sab. de Cuise.
Emys parisiensis, Gray Gypsum.

Vertebree of Reptilia have been found in the “ Aausses
Staises,” and impressions of Che/onia in the Gypsum. For more
detailed information on the Reptilia, consult P. Gervaist and A. .
S. Woodward. §

* A, Geikie, ‘Text Book of Geol,” (1882), p. 840.

+ For further details consult Cuvier, Oss, Moss. Milne Edwards, O/seaux Foss. Frang.
Gervais, Paléont. Frang. Lydekker, Catal. Brit. Mus.

ft P. Gervais, Zoologie et Paléont. francaises.

§ A. S. Woodward, ‘‘ On Fossil Leathery Turtles,” in Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x. (1887),
p. 2,with full references to many writers on ‘‘ Turtles.”

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 59

Pisces —Fish remains are plentifully distributed throughout
the Eocene beds, and some of the most important species may be
enumerated :—

Genus. Species. Formation.
Lepidosteus suesstoniensts, Gerv. Meudon Conglome:ate.
Carcharodon auriculatus, Blain. Sands of Soissonnais.

om leptodon, Agass. ” ”

* sulcidens, ,, " »
Celorhynchus rectum, $5 i *
Chrysophrys mitra, Y3 ” ”
Galeocerdo (?) munor, » ” ”
Lepidosteus Maximilian, Agass. A »
Phyllodus muarginalis, 7 ep 7

7 Duval, Pomel ” ”

3 INCONSEGNS, 45 ” ”

5 latidens, is ” ”

Be Levesquet, 4, on S
Argus serratus, Gervais - -
Scarus tetrodon, Pomel . -
Lamna macrota (Agass.) $ -F
Otodus obliguus, Agass. 5 7
Oxyrhina hastahs, As on
Notidanus primigenius, Agass. + 5
Odontaspis acutissima, 3

5 contortidens, ,, "

4) elegans, = ¥ #
Sguatina Gravest, Pomel 5 >.
Raia echinata, ,, 5 ie
Myliobatis acutus, Agass. ‘ 3

5 canaliculatus, Agass. " a

5) toliapicus, 3 33 5
Flemirhynchus Deshayest, ij Calcaire Grossier.
Pristis paristensis, Gerv. rs on
Carcharodon auriculatus, Blain. 5 *
Acanthurus Duval, Agass. y 7
Zanclus eoceenus, Gerv. - s
Labrax major, Agass. ) 5

Isolated teeth, vertebree, and other remains are met with in the
Meudon conglomerate, Lignites, Sables Moyens (Auvers), St.
Ouen limestone ; and very rarely in the Gypsum. Consult for
details, Agassiz, Rech. sur les Potss. Foss, and P. Gervais, Zool.
et Paléont. francatses.

MOLLUSCa.
Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda and Pelecypoda
(=Lamellibranchiata) are allrepresented. A revised list of these,
with notes on the nomenclature, is appended (p. 64).

ARTHROPODA.

Crustacea.—Claws of Crustacea, Ca//ianassa, &c., are met with
in the Gypsum, and remains are also found in the marls of the
Oligocene beds. In the Sables Moyens several species occur, ¢.g.

Psammocarcinus Flericartt, Desm.
Callianassa macrodactyla, Edw.
Pagurus arenarius, Edw.
Psammograpsus paristensis, Edw. &c.

Batanus also occurs in the Sands of Fontainebleau.

60 PALAONTOLOGY.

ECHINODERMATA.

LEchinoidea.—In some of the beds now under consideration
Echinoidea are exceedingly plentiful ; e.g. the small genera, Scwze/-
lina, Lenita, &c., especially so in the Calcaire Grossier. It is im-
possible here to give a full list of species recorded ; but some idea
of their abundance will be formed when it is stated that the work
of M. G. Cotteau,* now in the course of publication, already
contains 260 8vo. plates, and the memoir is far from complete yet.

For a general table of the forms characteristic of different
horizons consult E. Desor.+

A few of the principal forms met with are :—

Family, — Genus. Species. Formation.
ARBACIID. Celopleurus spinosissimus, Ag. Calc. Gross.
EUCLYPEASTRIDA. Scutellina lenticularis, Lam. oF

* eliiptica, Desm. 7
5 rotunda, Galeot. “1
9 Ffayest, Ag. ”
Lenita patellaris, Goldf. +
Szsmondia
LEchinocyamus inflatus, Defr. n
CASSIDULIDA. LEchinolampas — excentrica.
- affinis, Goldf. 6
Pygorhynchus grignonense, Detr. =f
SPATANGIDA. Lupatagus Duval, Desor. +,
Schizaster.
flemiaster.
MOLLUSCOIDEA.{

Brachtiopoda.—It is remarkable that the Brachiopoda of the
Paris basin are found almost entirely in the Calcaire Grossier, and,
with the exception of Zervebratula bisinuata, they are comparatively
rare. ‘The following list includes all the forms hitherto recorded :—

Genus. Species. Formation.
Cistella semicostata, Baudon Calcaire Grossier.
“s LBaudoni, Desh. -
3 Bouryt, De Morgan Sables Moyens.
* Douvillei, De Morgan Calcaire Grossier.
“/ crassicostata, Baudon i
o aculeata, Baudon +
Collardi, Baudon 9
i Chevalierz, Bayan %
+) puncticulata, Desh. "
Terebratula disinuata, Lam. 5
S Davidsoni, Desh. 7
n tornacensis, Vincent Sables Inférieurs.
; Baudont, Desh. Calcaire Grossier,
Terelratulina parisiensis, Desh. *
A tenuiplicata, Desh. "
Ae Fictoni, Baudon -
¥ semilineata, Baudon %
s sguamulosa, Baudon “
Kingena Z Raincourti, Deslong. :
Crania eoceenica, De Raine. %

* G. Cotteau, Paiéont. francais, Echinides éocénes, Paris (1885 to date). :

+ E. Desor, Synopsis des Echinides joss, Paris and Wiesbaden (1858), pp. xii., xiv. |

{ This term is here retained purely as a matter of convenience, and not as implying
either relationship with the Mollusca or inter-relationship between the Classes here grouped.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 61

Bryosoa.*—Although not well represented in the area now ~
under consideration, several species occur in the Sands of the
Soissonnais and Calcaire Grossier. We may cite the following :—

Genus. Species. Formation.
Lunulites vadiatus, Lam. Calcaire Grossier.
1 urceolatus, ,, -
Discopora grignonensis, M, Edw. i
Ldmonea coronopus, Detr. 5
COELENTERATA.

Actinozoa.—TVhe corals of the Paris basin are well preserved
and plentiful, notably in the Sables Moyens at Auvers. Some of
the characteristic forms are :—

Family. Genus. Species. Formation,
PORITIDA. Litharwa paristensis, E.&H.
“ crenulata, Goldf. Sab. Moy.
rr Deshayest, Mich. i
MADREPORID. Madrepora Solandert, Defr. 5
ae deforms, Mich. me
EUPSAMMID. Lohopsammia cariosa, Goldf. .
Lupsammia trochiformis,Pallas. Calc. Gross.
(?) FUNGID. Cyathoseris infundibuliformis, Sab. Moy.
Blainv.
ASTRAIDA. Stylocenia emaciata, Lam. P
& Calc. Gross.
OCULINIDA, Diplohelia raristella, Defr. Calc. Gross.
TURBINOLIDA. Turbinolia elliptica, Lam. iy

Consult Duncan, Revision of Genera of Corals, Journ. Lin.
Soc. (1885).

ffydrozoa.—Among the earliest known forms of Millepore,
Axopora Solandert, Def., may be quoted as occurring in the
Sables Moyens, particularly at Auvers.

PROTOZOA.

Foraminifera.—These are exceedingly numerous and well-
developed, and of considerable importance, as we have already
seen, in assisting to classify the beds of the Paris basin. ‘Their
value in this respect is better recognised, when we bear in mind
the fact that the “‘ Nummulitic formations” occupy very large areas
in other parts of Europe and Asia. Some of the leading genera
occurring are Orditolites, Nummutites, Alveolina, Mitiola (inclu-
ding Bi-,Tri-, and Quinque-loculine forms). The abundant material
has not been worked out fully, but the following authors should
be consulted: D’Archiac,+ Lamarck,? Terquem.§

* On the Bryozoa consult, Milne Edwards, Rech. sur les Polypiers foss., Ann. Sci.
Nat. (1836), &c.; and H. Michelin, /conographie Zoophytologique, Paris (1840-47).

+ D’Archiac ; Many papers in Wes. Géol. Soc. France, and Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. (1835-
1868).

t Lamarck, Anz. du Mus., Paris (1804, 1806, 1807).

§ Terquem, Les Foraminiferes del Eocene des Env. de Paris; Meén. Soc. Géol. Fr.
3e. sér.,t. il. (1882),, Paris.

62 PALEONTOLOGY.

The last mentioned paper is very full of information, describ-
ing the species on the plates 101-106 in Deshayes’ Coguzlles Fossiles
des Environs de Parts, which were only figured in that work, with-
out descriptions. The Oligocene Nummulites are discussed by
R. Tournouér,* and the Rhizopoda of the Lower Calcaire Grossier
by Berthelint. Certain genera, as Ovudites, which have been
referred to the Foraminifera are now regarded as Calcareous
Algze, and we shall refer to them later on.

PLANT.

THE plant remains ef the Parisbasin are plentiful oncertain horizons
and enable us to draw some interesting parallels with the floras
of the English beds. ‘The Pisolitic Limestone of Mont Aimé has
yielded such genera as Marchantia, Asplenium, Aspidium, &c.}
The Sézanne limestone (Lutte des Crottes) contains an extremely
rich flora which has been classified by the Marquis de Saporta§—
eighty-six species having been described. Some of the more
important genera cited are, Asplentum, Myrica, Dryophyllum,
Sassafras, Cyssus, Magnolia, Jugdans. ‘The affinities of this group
are Cretaceous and distantly related to those of Ardtun (Isle of
Mull). The Bracheux Sands, although not of such botanical
importance as the Sézanne beds, have yielded an interesting flora
which has been, described by Watelet.|| Stanislas Meunier§
summarises the flora of this horizon in the following words :
“ Appearance in the sands of Bracheux of some families of
Monocotyledons ; disappearance of the family Cycad@ ; appearance
of Moree, of Platanacee, and of Proteacee ; complete absence of
Monopetale ; commencement of Polypetale.” ‘The sandstone of
Belleu contained well-preserved plant-remains ; but the quarries
are now exhausted. The flora has many species in common with
that of the Lower Bagshot of Alum Bay, such species as Ficus
Bowerbanki, Laurus (?) Saltert, Cinnamomum Larteti, Quercus
eocenica, Dryandra, &c., are characteristic.** The Soissonnais
Sands have yielded another rich and interesting flora, inclu-
ding palms, as Lxdogenites echinatus ; many other genera are
recorded by Watelet.++

The Calcaire Grossier flora is to a certain extent homotaxial
with that of the Bournemouth beds. The Banc Royal contains

* Tournouér, Aull. Soc. Géol. de France, 2e. sér., t. XXvi. pp. 974-982, Paris (1869).

+ Berthelin, Coupe @’@il sur la Faune Rhizotodique du Calc Gross. Inf. d’ la Marne,
Bull. Soc. francaise pour Cavanc. des Sci. (1880), p. 553. For full bibliography consult,
A Bibliography of the Foram.,C. D. Sherborn, London (1888), and for works on French
Rhizopoda, 7he Bibdography of the Foram.,S Woodward, Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. of
Minnesota, S. Paul, Minn, 11886", p. 234. ‘

t Pomel, Supp. @ la Bib. de Genrve. Arch. des Sei. Phy. et Nat. (1847), t. v.; Pp. 301.

§ Saporta, I7ém. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér. (1868), t. vili., p. 280.

|| Watelet, Desc. des plantes foss. du Bass. de Paris (1866), p 253.

@ S. Meunier, Géol. des Env. de Paris, Paris (1875), p. 136.

** EK. Fallot, dun. Geol. Univ., t. v. (1888), p. 454.

tt Watelet, of. c7zt., p. 255.

OF THE PARIS BASIN. 63

Caulinites associated with Flabellaria, Equisetum, Zostera, &c.*
The St. Ouen and Beauce Limestones have each a flora with fresh-
water characters, Chara medicaginula and the débris of other
vegetation often being met with. Other plant remains, more
or less perfect, are found at different horizons in the Paris Ter-
ae as inthe Brie Limestone; but the most important series
have been mentioned. Some minute fossils, met with in great
profusion, notably in the Calcaire Grossier (Ovulites, Dacty lopora,
&c.), and referred to the Foraminifera by many authors, have been
more recently classed among the Calcareous Algze by Munier-
Chalmas+ and Solms-Laubach.t

INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLES OF MOLLUSCA.

The list of Eocene Mollusca in the first table which follows
is based on the admirable “Catalogue Illustré des Coquilles
Fossiles de ’Eocéne des Environs de Paris,” Bruxelles, 1886-
1889, by M. Cossmann, of which four fasciculi have already ap-
peared, comprising the Pelecypoda, Scaphopoda and Gastro-
poda. We have found it necessary to revise that catalogue to
some extent, and our remarks on the subject will be seen on
p. t10. In the table several contractions are used. ‘Thus :—

U.E. (Upper Eocene) — The Sables Moyens, St. Quen Limestone
and Gypsum beds.

M.E. (Middle Eocene) = The Calcaire Grossier.

L.E. (Lower Eocene) = The Sands of Aizy and Cuise.

L.L.E. (Lowest Eocene) The Sands of Bracheux, Limestone of

Rilly and Lignites,

The list of OLIGOCENE Mollusca in the second table is mainly
based on the work of MM. Cossmann and Lambert, ‘‘ Mém. Soc.
Géol. France,” 3e sér. t. ili. (1884), pp. 1, e¢ sgg. But we have
brought the nomenclature of the majority of the genera and
species mentioned, up to date, and are much indebted to M.
Cossmann for assistance in this matter. The numbers at the
head of the columns of the Oligocene table refer to the beds as
indicated in the classification on p. 35. ‘The letters in the
column on the extreme right of the table refer to localities in the
Paris basin, but outside the typical Oligocene area of Etampes.
Thus c means Chateau Landon, £ Essonnes, F Frepillon, L
Longjumeau, M Montmorency, N Neuilly, o Orsay, P Palaiseau,
R Romainville, s Sceaux, v Versailles, and vit Villepreux.
C. pE Be means Limestone of Beauce, and mM. sup Meulitres
Supérieurs.

*7d. p. 256.

+ Mun. Chalmas. Oéds. sur les algues calcaies. Comptes Aig t. Ixxxv. (1877),
814; Obs. sur les algues calcatres, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vii. (1879), p. 3545
661, figures. “<

t Solms-Laubach, Einlettune in die Paléophytolozie, Leipsic (1887). For further
details on the floras of the Paris Basin consult Watelet, Desc. des plantes foss. du Bass. de
Paris, Paris (1866). Schimper, Paléontologie végétale. Paris, London, and Madrid (1870-72),
3 vols., and atlas of plates. Saporta, Wlore fossile de Sézanne, Mém. Soc. Geol. Fr., Paris

(1865- 8) : ; P. Gervais, Zool. et Pal. frang. (1859) ; De Blainville, Osteographie, &c., Paris
(1839-63), with atlas of plates.

MOLLUSCA.

OCENE

1D}

(2 ND | | 2 JP Wah lta PED A Ss \ae)
aioe CTP) 270247 visuok7 (ess |? "ysaq ‘sycvsf ue * | 23 "ysoq ‘vysnsup sf
* | “YSeq ‘sesuatsting myps0myse) tgeta| “yseq ‘ujujnsun * + | iss : ane “‘pysula i
* ve “‘ysoq ‘vaautisg 0 | * jo used ‘euanb2a 7 | a [es (ey) waying opera 7
* | * 050 “yseq ‘vgnyznjip Us erie | ee "ssOd ‘wynjDIpDL eh * eee 1Aayouagds D1. ELS:
* | "ysaq ‘aruvsfagy viopung | * | fe ieee “ssod ‘ujIasat oye | x *(‘Ysaq ) sdusin047
* we Cyseq) vgnf ELE d * | “-ysaq ‘sypsajpjinba ee pal Curry) vianjyngu af
cele Ree ““(yseq) zmipod real wae | Bs “ysod ‘sypdau i Ie Cie) end -
* me (‘wie]) wayasuv2 “ | * | Sop “Yysoq ‘wyvouny & * | oe | Cusaq ) zauvsfaq7 Ue
* ese Cssog) yenosupy “ | | * | | ta “ysaq ‘vundsspy viuaydy * | | (-ysaq) 2ej24n09 visnpzaz0y |
* \Courey aq) sesuaynnsanog | Jockin ex (Guieayp) 5 : oe Cur] ) ypsuoja vUuaYyI0A]S05)
* | * Boe “* Cysaq) 4vgsip “ alee] DIIWPLADRADUL (BAIUOANE A) “| Vee ‘ysaq ‘vjpu0.409 if ie
* | x csie G ysaq) ya. Apeayys09 | | | DAWOIA * | yseq EMBED) CEG ae
* CPN) ) a.20;914 BEES) * (ie “usoq ‘soul = | * c-gsaq ‘viuesiuisg
% || * uN] ‘nynjnsuv | | e258 "TTA ‘Szsusiues o * | jt -ysaq ‘7y2un1Uy7 fs
* |--USsaq | * | yuoAQy aq ‘seswaransuv ie (ie | Ysa ‘yeniusuolg 6
LEE (779. LLL ge (eee mi "ysacy ‘ezazazny || “* ysaq ‘wnuasny Me
* "ysaq ‘vynuziu at # ) oe | | CMO) vipeucsazut st.caudad]5) * | See SNA Saher E ey)
[ (wus py) aie | % | oy “Ysa ‘v4sa vavrixvy | * | * essa “wey ‘ypvuiysa vyasvans7
Gal Senate alia eae ; See ats
. : . “VGOdANa Tad . Las R “*VGOd AOU Tad . 5 Callas
colic sbi she tse | | | is) vVdadodaoa1ad
te) & mol Ke) a | & T

VOSNTION ANADOU

o
cs

“‘NISVdG SIVd
4HL AO SGX ANHODODITO CNV ANHOOA AHL AO VOSNTION HHL AO LSITI

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

HO KR ee

“*

ieee “ysac ‘vssaagiuoo
[tt "q@AA ‘seseuaruorssans

a9

“es susaq ‘waplojzap
st tysaqy ‘si72afip

“

non “ysacy ‘psnqqo “
oa "ysaqy ‘wipe Ke
eee “ysaq ‘syixa “a

“ysoq ‘szsuaruorssans us

ss "yseq ‘t2njoe
* ysaq] ‘z4aqunT vaiusapurs
poo AUESEY GL \gupay 217 PipHnD

“

anh 5809) “ApusaT
a0 "ssoc ‘sasauenang i
age "ysoqy ‘vyipuores a

a“
iss
ss uvdeg ‘anvjsnoT
use "ysoq] ‘274aqguwT Ut
a "ysaqy ‘vj7740;“02
qi¢C,q ‘anbsaaaT
“suey ‘aypajnsiuas DAZIDIY
" “Ysacy ‘sesuapnz a

“MOG ‘psons aa
nes 4sknq ‘2ysuUuoy
"+ “MOG ‘27vauNI VAMOPYIOY]
(‘ysaq 17429377 SRADSADUOpPUT
(uie’] ) vazuadav piauodogod@eny
eee "5505 ‘smguDYy
" *ssoc) ‘n21GorsoumiUe
eel "ysaq ‘wnasvg
“usa ‘szsuauoudiad
“ss susaq ‘a1a0pnT
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“ susaq] ‘2y21argsa4q DIIDAY |

as
“

“cc

“

i

ac

is "sSOD ‘tmopnng ts

*

re a Se

*

xe He &

* * * *

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+ sky ‘epjnouspy est
ajoq ‘unsigopnasg ae 4h.
““q1io,q ‘unsidgns Stee
wee . ‘ r ‘
MOG ‘tunsig (DUIS fF)

"sod ‘wsaf0a4D a i
“ssog danog ui a!
“yse q ‘wnayjzod us fe
nee “wWr’T] ‘poyjve “ a“
‘ysoq ‘vpavxa (yjngaong) ‘
«ee ‘ysaq ‘vyvnbygo “
*** SLITOJA ‘Sesuaig7nsed i‘
eee see (Jos) ‘snoy “
wee COCO 7 | ‘nSOSNA “
eee "MOS “nyp1S09 “
“ * -usaqd ‘naamynguun Mt
ve tysaq ‘wynoipixig Ui
ees “ysoq ‘vuipisys Ms
“ "ysaqd LAID ub
see ET ‘DULgDUD DINGA’
a Seg ‘1ST Us
“-usaq ‘wubyuv Ww
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“ cusaq ‘sayng 6
‘yseaq ‘z4ayqpaayzD u
““aI10,d

‘pynuryguongns MOSH)
ssssod ‘saprouasda (2)

ose "ysaq ‘vysusup S
O0F (wey) 2r4s04 6
co uvdrg ‘suaziu us
ss cusaq ‘suusofisvuop it
"+ ysaq ‘stuaofiauns us

*

*

“

‘ysaq ‘vysnsuv
Re Cysaq) veavaddog
oe ""SSOT) ‘194A1AGNDT
| ZAIN) FW qne’y ‘sesuazjasag
oe ee cia “yoADUDT enbyis
‘wisaq ‘2sadvyseqT SHPANIOUSIOS:
re -ysaqd ‘1JADIUDUOAT
{se ‘ssog ‘sny gaa
js ysaq ‘sesuauousias snjjazjng
\*** (ue Avg.) SHADDUII SHINMASUTT
IV AAW Jo] ‘sesuausasany “ “
"ss0Q ‘xujnvisnzg (4 vuazos) “
co Cyseq) syvuisva
ree se MoS ‘sy19DAs
ee Cysaq)) supsnsun
O00 “yseq “SHURE uazoS
‘S809 ‘yazaozy
POW 8 ‘ourey ‘azuossnjay 7 “
(Cysaq) taGuajng vyauuvnog
PaCuesd)

vuisvygojdx (svjoygosasa zy Ds as
** (‘ysaq) vapiouo2

“

“ce

“

jeee wee

" Cysaq) vaixog ot
Jeee (-ysaq) pjsagv «“
ree MmMopuong 6

vt (Cysaq) sunsaza UISPLAD YY
“ Cyseq) wyjnos

** (ysaq) sway smpoygopigs py
So GCIBIANY) LEM ALELA: fi

ose “ysaq ‘2uamg
s tuey ‘nppuossad Durpasa J
ae "ysaq ‘v2rpou te
“ -ysaq ‘s7nynzimdan Us

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

66

zat el

D\| Gi 2 || 2) Qi 2 j2\ 2\ QB
* |Cysaq) szsuatuaouims eee | sie “ysaq ‘wjnoinuaz e * EYL VA Efep
* “ Cysaq) v72agsap . - nee (‘ysaq) vso77zv9 uf * iaeeaSSOG) inopanog - sf
* sec (‘ysaq) vpyiu _ of "SSOD ‘StU 4Of1]]2JDSSD.LI e * “used ‘ynyng (2y74aj) e
* * Cysaq) vyinbuvs ie: * ge "ysaq ‘7uopnng i * | * [uso “spavapa ss
* * eve ( wey) pynpuyiu wLajedeyy * AGO "sso ‘gnvjsnoT “ * * eee "ysoq ‘pay “ “
* “es sssoc) ‘wuago} * [pe * sysaq ‘syzgap et * mo Suna Vario) OE
* (€ yseq) s2ut 40fuo9 piuopogos y elec |e ree * Cury]) vsnffa ue | * SocetT 59 (n2724/571// 09
* “ae AA ‘stsuaruoissans “ * oe *ysaq] ‘7y24vUulnT | * [Usa ‘77MomMlUg {Snare
* con Sentsa, Corban || “* ‘ysaq ‘nprapdau vigouuDnsgy * "20, d
* sure] ‘oypxaz WuegoHee Aig) * | # see pan (Cust) Gye, | ‘sa7 M1: puopopnasd (wau0sag)
* “ cysaq ‘ajvapunb ey * Be (‘ysoq) zaguang “ |* | * | * os (GUM a])) 277/210).
“uso ‘susaseasmg “St Es) }00e (Cysaq) vursgosuoa “ Ie le yseq
oo wBaYat eos Ge 2 []900 (si10;y)) panmpy 1409) | ‘wsaaasuvag (wuyjazojdyyy)
* OG ~ysoq ‘vpunzas “ * “ssod ‘pvipnutsi2rasg | * |e usa ‘mndunjnan (g) “
* ges -urey ‘vgoyang “ “ | * “* Cysaq) yyeurjar Woe [ee " mpy ‘vypynoypUDd a
* ene ‘ysaq ‘eyajap “St * Cue] )opepnoipuad go vusyy7127/05 yee ee " *usaq ‘vuiDvAjsod i
* cl SY Gn) | ts pci "SSOD ‘1244DT * | roe Wey] ‘97D4qS04 a
* Se MeRCUSO (ie 2/7072107/2 7) eae che a Cyseq) syvao vipavpngc | * | x 0. q ‘syvajsosopnasd pura 7
* Bees SOQ Soran ele a eG Ysa) 1y24vUuvT DU DUOFT | 3 I"**Cyseq)
* 5) seq Z/7piedig * (N80) sapogjor line | sisuaunpny) (3) DUPAISD*)
* "ss cusaq ‘ayuuidour “ “ * |"** “sso ‘“z4ayjvaay) . | * eerie ne 49> |
* “ysoqd EET eae “ Cysaq) wupriu woe |) BA “SSOXD ‘2M0IUDZaT UiADIUIGOAIS |
oe “sson ‘wdputag “ “ * sR MA ‘DyD102ap e | lees Leela ‘nssaagap
* | x “UIv’T ‘ynbizgo (viavuarsayy) “ | * | * “* (ssoQ) sdanog e | * “ sysaq ‘woposmvut ie
* OG “ysaq. S¢asHy SS) * “ (-ysaq) pusag os * nse GueT) pyyisng i
* oo t0h CO) (GI om |p ee eGuesae DpUn{OLGNS a lie. | 2 eDSOGrs PUG, ef
‘ysogojaqns (vpjasauay ) te “CULV ]) D7MINULADI bs | & jes *usaq ‘vjnzp144S ot
[snuay | [sv dora p | [vAtusapuds |
s s S “¥dOd A904 Tad e s S i *VdOd ANF 14d S s = £ ‘VdOdA0ad Tadd
wy By) | By) ay et
‘ by ‘9 eile: bs ‘g salle m= =

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

36) Eee

eee Ee

*

(sso) saproynonu

(sso) Saptojnsgv9
* Cule]) vapioyap
Cuvieg ) wn. ipuaygs
se G ysacq) 1uoxiqc
"* Cysaq) vsosauny
* Cysaq) wnsoggut
"** Cssoc) zopnng
“* Cysaq) wnjorys
“* Cysaq) vfozpun
“' Cssocd) yuaoury
ase Cysaq) vousns

Curry) vevurya; (vuraaty )

“ Cysaq_) venjnunz
“* Cysaq) v2uzgstp

Cysoq) vuinao G40)

“* Cysaq) vsoipysof ‘
“ Cuey) vuing.4109

Cys aq) sesuazuounazn9
"* Cysaq) vsojngojs
“* Cysoq) vasnyjigva
“* Cysaq) 2270890
“* Cysaq) y4aguv7
rs Cyseq) van
“ Cyseq) eubygo
“* Cysaq) vasiquiv
" (ysaq) sesusisttvg

Cysaq]) vecvgpajns (4031-7)

“ Cysaq)) vyyasautas
Cysaq) sapiouadsagns
“s Cyseq) 274a9aeT
“ Cysaq) viaixorg

Cwey) vpvsiaay (vjsiyv7)

6b

“

“

“

“
“

iy

“

“

eee Cyseq) vsuojgo “ “
“e (ysoq) yajypiags hs
oo “Cysaq)
sisusyinuouAsy (vpjasaua,) *
snua 4
AG Ysa) 2ayj1aasg sadvjtaauay
"yso(] Spa ADg Gs
a “usa ‘senuaz sagv 7
(wey) OPH D172. ZEIGE
eees Bs0a)) ‘sapo2uo

BOD “Ysa ‘sazuynov ut
<oe “Ysa ‘sapppoaauny “
008 ‘ysaqy ‘sapupeuny oe
cc "ysaqy ‘sujnuosi“ a
se suey ‘snzapfiuoout *
eee "Je AA ‘Staaygns .
2s "ssod ‘saptoj949 oe
ree "Ysa ‘supsaout a
ee *ysaq ‘yosagsvg Ws
“** *ssod ‘stsuatununov es
see wey ‘sasnat “
"* *Yysaq ‘sesuatstavg se

20 Neetal ‘tPADINO.T us

“Ysa ‘SISUALSAIOND XDUOCT

oc Cssog ) vgxaziiuas ef
C'ssog) DIPUOgIUNIP att oe
“Cysa(]) yuan vypanoss py
* Cysaq) syvsnzgo =
“* Cysaq]) mipnny wg
Cysaq) sajnyjods
( ysaq) suzovuop a
Cysaq) 4uyyin7 xvuopoumuvs7
vei *SSOD) ‘szsuasing My

*

See en 3-36

*ssog ‘v.1oys0uass nisngor.tpy
"IO, ‘viajsinuajqgns
eee ‘ysoq] ‘suvpsip (iG

i ysaq

‘nynjsnd (sisgorévgor4py)
‘10, q ‘suvsaagns .
"IBAA ‘ossaasoag = ef

*Cury) xynun
Ysa

DSO aud (COTTE ia)

"ssod ‘Dy g-Louth ina i
“"“usaq gupnuap «© | Kt
" ysaq ‘pune *
"ysaq ‘vuissyprajs

“ cb

‘ysoq, ‘wpiaysinuay
goo e> Gt ‘pau pl as a
wee “‘yseqd ‘ppragay “ “
78500) ‘sisuajjahof % &
[leg ‘sapiossigaoa— We
“usaq ‘vjvaapnas sf ub
"ysaq ‘stamusunig =“ a
‘wey ‘saploujposs ue
‘Mpy ‘yyjnI1ypsa o

eysoq

‘uapuprapg (stsfoyvonjy) “
“cue” ‘siapyaypg ee

"ysa(] ‘Saprourataa ut MW
eee “yse(] ‘supdapa 73 “
eee "sSCZD ‘1aygas: 73 “
tee “ysaq] ‘supttog é vc
“usa ‘yineusay us a
eee ‘Wey ‘syplgvUuop a “ce
“* -ssod ‘n7AFuoas ce us

MOLLUSCA

EOCENE

638

jp D\@ || 2 DN OD QZ : D\ aD \ go ;
* | x (uvkeg ) saprosdvo pepe hag D0AIISVT * |" "ysaq ‘sisuakuazuis s
* ‘UIeY acy ‘77a7407y7 * , SOD) ‘pplanjsuv4s} s eal Cae “ysoq ‘y4aguvT
* *ysoq ‘unppssut eS Te Cysoq) »yuznj1p EH TED * ss susaq ‘zaguajng ff
* ‘ysoq ‘wnuysnayog “ “ | * inc Saploursnn * “* susaq ‘vssa4gustor i
* | & “ysaq ‘wnpipagut Se ak Cyseq) vuyorpou Ww || ee ane “ysaq ‘vjouystp as
x | ox | x ‘ue ‘unnbygo Gs att eal ese || te uvdkeg ‘varvj,avy9 a * ai “ysoq ‘vsguorur Us
[ese lee *ysoq * Cyseq) t4ayjpaay7 a le: “* -ysaq ‘vyp1aa199v ss
| “wunjouon bsyynue es * Cyseq) veyang us * “"Za1eQ) pue
| * "q10,q ‘vueygus Je gee ti Cysaq) sunsaja “ ‘qney aq ‘sizusnfiursng te
| * | "qsoq * Cyseq) 2nayis a * BO "usaq ‘syigou vuatdD
“unsomAof (umntp. (1gk0T) He * Cyseq) v2upgo | (ses Curry) syitosf vanyjDvsT
* ‘qney aq ‘wanjynsuniy “ “ & Cysaq) szcvjnsatat ff * ae *ssog ‘vssva2 visnfyjod
#S lee BSS 01g) ei72070 a * *--Cysoq) * "+ “ssod ‘sakwysagy vyuaIue]D
* ‘ssod ‘mnygaomosyg “ “ sisuauoustas vevygoyjv.to 1S eS * " 'ssog ‘saploujppooyn
* Sele MMNES S09) 7700/7471. 7am Ce * * Cysaq) yoyivg * on Cysoq) stzyjnoa9
* coo OUBYg( Wiemam) “OS * | x ae ysoq) asuarstang unizegvs 7 Salles “Cysoq) wpesug
* CoD RoA(O\ (Gl VEIT yp * |***(Assiog * ae * Cyseq) wx7e2 dis)
* ss© “SSO ‘W7yemiso9) aq) w4aypiupuag “ « xl ion SLADINIIGAO
| x lianas GEN SST ea * Tea * IC ysaq) sesuazvaoyag cs
* | x suey ‘ns ‘unjosinay (vsadnq) “ * [es Cysaq) xayjuf SE IBESOT
| opnunas (unipavo01sv/]) i * “*(zalvg pur * | *** (ysaq) wgvznsyynue
* | [eee Geeta ‘WUNSOMAAAL ie: ‘qney oq) asuayasag . * | * “ Cue) woznsiuas a
* | * “Hs egy wemyndagsm <6 ~< | * |*t* ‘sson ‘anprosfyya i) | NE ae tee “-Cueyq) 2y0g -
* <i" ‘sso@)-sujnougus “ | * |*t* ‘ssoc “tacatagnoT Mae | (a: “ (‘ysoq) wjnuodiag vyZauns
x | ® ee StS [tn z272/27 00) ee | * | ‘qney oq ‘yauassnvpyy Mt * “* Cysoq)) vymjunsaa “ “
| > ['"" “sso | * |(Assiog oq) ‘asuadyzs UES! eeoeihes 00% (weq) sundya “ *
‘WAnog (wWnipswImNYyIDA TZ ) * | (Asstog oq) yimausay be lie (‘ysoq) sunjsip (vurearz) “
[wnepsv5 | * * Cyseq) sMssig untawy gs | x24gasazy |
ell Ses ' ey ieliis cq] se) ie] .
iy i by b Vda0dAOd Tad re iy ts t VqaOd ANd THd by i rs es VdOd ANd Tad
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OF THE PARIS BASIN.

* * * * *

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oe ee ‘101107 rt
sa pees
bad be Cea ae 3 “qa Meo ERIE
== -usoq ‘mrpasgnnds 5 nay O.d Beni li AOgqns “ 6 by Oe *ssOtd ‘pypraquet D
e “ysoq Sinan e * ane ee nelags . “ 7 (-yseq) DyvjnUuas? pees
ese! ‘ngnynzound “ SSO GIR IEL Ee z (preyoiy) pynous py dd
wea ‘pyaqoIyd us ‘spouse § (uinipavodr x HE [19 ) SMepiesnaun “
ag amen Sg Gee eee MCh) sree
v > eee - toe fc NLP ysa
ewe nase pecan a se ¢ ysoq) vyzynuny saserty ee ea dees ~
see “oq ZOINS “ : Cyseq) DIALIJAINIS DILJIA PY | * | (Cagq) 2 JNU (
oe eo yoLagueyf «“ Coury aq) err ies # lees C oe OTK t
Kage Sh “3500 ‘sepromoya (7) ey CUBR) ancy, “
ae : ik soa bese 3 ci "S809 utd « =! ones wnbijyo “«
wh oe nS eons «“ *** “ss0¢ ‘vyvaponbgns «“ (‘ys LO ie 3
p09 ead EE ‘“ " *Ss09) ‘imngsnoT ‘ | ee su sofiprya4a “
*yso Sipe 5 ‘ SUA!
SS ms Moen &“ AC ysoq) mvursw yi De sane see, “
*Cysaq) as oYNsS PULDYD (Guecat) SIPLOIPADVIOSL Ki | - Cysoq) ded isd “
-DULT ADU (ahs AD. fe urvdeg ‘214908 Fi | * se(CIb a) Bi conc “
Cur) advjn ie eoSste)) * ces) vaafiuijred VIpAvoosiu Isc a Cap Fae ‘
Cures aie es Cysaq) vabyun P # lee ¢ pAb salads
V]) a4vjnnian wnt z . ae . Cysacy) 2529-42,
vee “+ (sso ) 1PADIOUILT * ne Cyseq) vxopvang “ & eee Cysa ; t MT “
see Cysaq) 2 TAMA F o ae Cyseq) 1539 10.7 “c bate er pee =
“-(ysaq) LY IVA UNIDA-T ‘ Cyseq) tuopnog ‘ rT | * Cysaq) aon een i
andsoraats aan aS Yysoq) stayusesi “ * “-<Cysoq) o os uan ‘“
“+ (ysaqq) st LP ADIOULA NT i C:ss0Q) vuywyns “ « ao (Guss iy +
+ Cysa v rang “i & SSO) saposuo (g) “ & & [eee eel SMES) ce
* (-yso CSAU ALT: “ “Cssog) ynnsayds “& %& 3 ema STILE)
ap) nynrdaqvAf fe * G yseq]) ‘ : ysoqd 47489277 “ “

Cysaq) wprepsiuea a Be op yngeape (H2a7te])” goematstol
“= Cysacq) Ap Stubas oc . Cyseq) vnsigupn “ ee ‘staDjnauUn,

Sa eran, «|e “+ Cssog) rymuosiy | * AERP MSSGOIUAEE)
AG yseq) YaavA, vipsvr0j0.gq | * (‘ssod) pre ee . * af eed) saprousada io
ie Cq10,.0) S4OIStP9NS “c i “ Cysaq) FIs i * tat ‘raatyoaayy “

(q1Q,C) sisuarstang saorsigy * |Cysaq) WA “ : “asd ‘puosvagay

t ppunj giuor (yuo, | eed :
J2\ DN Qh 2 7 posi py) Ob allies TEL (wuoros7) “
plolg|» ysoq ‘vynjnunz “«

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

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le * g eee ons (ysaq) yyy “
ae O05 (-ysaq) njvgoy “
* (‘ourey aq) sesuarstavg ue
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* | * “* Culey) vypn24n wpjaIspulzey
* eee ESsOG) ‘nix (g) ‘6
x at *ssOd ‘vynuiue
: “ Cysaq) suzy oy _
* | * a ‘usaq ‘vndiguep a
* “* Cysaq) vysusuv Mf
* * ysaq ‘szsuarstand vyyyuis
* re *ysoq ‘rauasng DASSOY
* "* sssog ‘xyniuonbs vina0pnT
* | * “ss *gsaq ‘senuay Y rf
* ‘Ouley aq ‘2772209
* | * ‘ysaq ‘sesuausvg us a
* “sad
‘yynaiawygs (snuigiso7) “
ra les Wer eel "ysoq ‘ynvdiy Ws © 1
* "q1O,C ‘sisuayiauouamaa “ “
* age *ssog ‘yopanog “ *
* *K leer eee “ysoqd “SAOISIp “ “
* ‘By ‘yyayyng (vyariapaqg)
mo ey poe “yseq ‘nynjngny “ “
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tae USO ADUMIIUOI ON " Cysaq) saploursny Me
ee “ysoq ‘nitdJap “ “ * * see eee Cyseq) DIDAS “
ecm SO (un 2/7770 20/700 icc ers ee ce Cysaq) suasuz wish
Se SSUE RTE 219747062909) n0 ce * (‘ssog) vuyyppoos
Saceal| SO (]s2242/127/907|/ee ee ***(CSSO0)) BJVADQNS SIQAOIIAADT
ae matey, “dai WU * ‘q1O.q ‘sujnaunjoaggns
BO "yseq ‘win ‘ © * |e Cysaq) mmosplang Ue
spn aCe y || ES ee ee: isis G wey) USOT SAI Z09
“““usSoq ‘sisuaspuapgs, ‘ “ I & \s*" sso ‘ayncnf = “
pecine sU1SO(([u 2222/7000 6a * | * "ssoy ‘symypiava s
sic UUL ahs 72270 .0 10D Sees * o72(CuSaq@p)
‘oq ‘vusiquy (wursnjpiyuaq ») “ vivpunjor (opavoysnsup) “
" “ssod ‘“Wdnusag eA EA “suse ‘vuings109
“ cajaq ‘ngyangig set Pte * “usa ‘su4ofiapuop ut
“q1O,q ‘zanbsaaaT aE | elle Bae "ysoq ‘suajin s
ue] ‘wypayns ee * nek ‘ysoq ‘vuamorg os
“Ijeq SEED (wursmpian9) “* * ste “ysoq ‘sypuidp ie
rs REET ‘aagavg (a4az7) * *' *ssog ‘nyvipvadt a
“-usaq ‘ajngzsojuoa $8 * ‘ susaq ‘wnsoggis v:
Sem TO [i .277407409 se: a * ost uesal “nysapout o
- uekeg ‘z4ang “ us * [et sssod ‘1MosuDzZaT ue
‘ysoq ‘stavnoaogus “ ot * (se ‘ysog ‘syuspuf
DOT EY (| ‘pssaagap “ 13 * eee “yseq ‘pssaagap “
ae TIO ‘sueep ae “ ysaqy ‘vdtuosvu a

- ysoq ‘yuna (vy) * "+ usaq ‘saprourstsa u

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OF THE PARIS BASIN.
HX KKK KK KK

*

ves Cysoq) vpusis a ae: lees ‘ysoq ‘vunu “ & * “suey ‘sygnjnu Mi
Bo0 Cysaq) vyupyos te * se qe Ak ‘vsonaguan “Te | x “*ysaq ‘vaunsis (wyyty) “
\Cysa(]) szempnsuviagons vidyay * | * Jere susacy ‘wengnuuuss “ * * ee *sSOX) ‘tasanalaT uy
ve 'usaq ‘vuntssug.(g) “ * oS weg YA Ae * vals G ee DSONIDI Us
ses) <SS04) uaiaeg pas tt * | * Sele ‘ysaq ‘eying “ UG * | x ves ‘we’y ‘wynsogge oe
sete “"ysoq ‘vnjpipva . Ie ss sysaq ‘vsosgajpy SS Ex ese "SsOd ‘n90.470]09 H
mmypay ‘y21DUD T o * * "ysagq ‘wyousour “ * | * “ss *ysaq ‘vur4sgosuor es
vee "ysaq ‘znainuaz oS * (se *SsO5) ‘whunog “ * ee “Ysa ‘psvuapy she eee
sr *‘ysoq ‘72n7I2ay sf ees en "ysaq ‘wujngop * | * | Cysoq) yrmiUsuosg
se qneT aq ‘wastage iL x | ie wey ‘vyaqp “ % * bab) |(Q00 (MOS) yyvpo04 Pl
sre *ysoq ‘szuffp u * | |r ysaq ‘azuoposnu “ & * | * I CTO, Sunipys
“+ uopneg ‘nynjnanyD9 “ * Kees *ysoqq ‘1pADINO.T “ “ * Boi ysoq ) syonbaut “ 3
ie “ysoq ‘Wdpusag WE Else "ysaq ‘vnui “ %& * (Cysaq)sisuatuaouips “ %
“* 2npooYy ‘sasuarstADg u Ase seq, 2worzgue tt || Ee 7S (Giger) sae)
"ysaq] ‘steanuodtsy sf * “ ysaq ‘stapynuasg “ ss oS SSO Z77G2707See
*SSOD) ‘DIADSAAQSUDAL ut ne pac ‘ysaq ‘wojou “ & z “° 6(useq) wopng
“ ‘ysaq ‘pynzuapisuoz rm * pele ‘ysaq ‘syifip “ & * | Cysoq) muvsinay, “ %
ns sysaq ‘tp4nonoe.7 as * \** “bsoagyy ‘zuaenbagy “Oe | eco \Guren)) 12797701770 hae
sisie *ssOd ‘susuazjans ce ae "ssod ‘vynjstasig “ * | * OS (Cuceragazyy) @
505 ‘ysoq, ‘unasvg i * ‘ysaq ‘wnuvnbs “ & * |* Cysoq) wyu2ygnp “
ose "ysaq ‘vyazosgo u s eo Susaqpersatay AT a * “-Cysaq)
gnypooy ‘stimndedtt fe: [foo “ajoq ‘stampos “ & vssauguuig (wjuopogiq)
t sssog ‘szapeuntIad [£3 i Se "ysaq‘sisuayiauomsay “ « * aes "ssOg ‘vjvIpy.sA a
“S sysaq ‘pudssipy1Ays ae ue ‘ysaq ‘tdadpy “OT & gs “sso “1a 40/{7 a
gon “usa ‘swan f | * |ysaq‘sypasagyjinbaur “ & * "+ Cysaq) stsuatsaaanv 3
"* gnpooy ‘a2uvsfaqy G * | ‘ssod) ‘ustuaguazjnog “ *& * eee Cyseq) 4agunT ue
*s sysaq ‘sesuauoustas ESSN hs \°""ssO9 ‘nppaynfinasg “ & * | ose Cysoq) wpunforg
see “= usaq ‘7240 if * lees ‘ysoq ‘wnsids “ & Fx | # “+ Cysaq) sesuauoustae
38 ‘wey ‘vpiomppad nual | * es cysaq ‘wuosiggns “uh * see Cysaq) suatgivap ae
aoK Cysaq) wnjoisng 1 Euless ‘ysaq ‘vuorg “bk * “3 (cure’]) vynjnuas ue
ey *ysoq] ‘mnpvo1aay i | * Jes asad ‘suatgisap “tk mailers “= Cysaq) wyjaa us
" sysaq ‘unussipiziU if fap foc ajoq ‘vypursun “ & Tx * Cysaq) Yaps2iny cs
ce “* usaq ‘auxeq u0jga7 # [es -cusaq ‘sane he cee (‘yseq) vuyorgs
JP 2 | QB jo || 2\ 2

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jo | ON | 2 2 | 2\ Q\ ez
see Cyseq) vssvsa * | * es Cysaq) wsoas4g “ | x ay *ssod ‘sustai/ap a
“* “ssog ‘wy gsomosag * ees Cyseq) sesuatziv “ * “* *ysaq IsuaisjAng us
ee *"Cysoq) vipaue es * |Cqney oq) sisuaunnjojvo “ * nes “Ysed ‘wywuogwun vyanT
"+ CsSOd) S2.17S04104NI YS a4 || “* Cyseq) wujsomjsnsun “ * |""Cssocd) sesua
Cq10, Q)syvaznjinbaut | | Pah ae geo Cyseq) wpunfoug “ ht (widppayojpiuou yee
nee Cue) vepioyap || eS ge ee Cmey) xyjsooynav * * ("Ysoq) v22.1j2umds § ui
see “ "Sso0n ‘ngpuad9 ee Lk “* Cysaq) wyounzguor * leas Guys aq) suopnng sf @
““Cysaq) yynyaruns viszvULsT * sce (uekeg) ‘rynpapna * * “Cuey) oyyynpun ff
ise "ssOcd) ‘vuypao a ea || e3 sor Cpwy) wor2agua * | \Cysaq) stenjnaig.t0 ** ce
“* Cysaq) szemyuu HELEN x | Cueq) wojsosynum “ | x ee eee = Ssoy ‘vyxaz “ He
Cle) wpvsiaay * [* Curey) szezgnoungsag * | nan (GOle ay)
as ¢ res DiNpiuny et | ea We (COREE AIEEE | c eG (2147 MPyurd ) .
“+ (-yshNq) 227709)05 * "ssO2 ‘vynysorisuap * | ysa({) wnasniaesg
“* Cysaq) vstag pe elle “we ‘sapiogn.1j17jv9 (suD]+ ) * | "Cysoq) yey,
“** Cysaq) vyujnjsor Eo G2 Ne “ ysaq ‘suuojp ss us * =< @lle9) wxbyqo' S
s Cwuey) ypLys DunnIn NT **=°5S04) x | * 22 (Gio) ga ue
pes “ ‘usaq ‘soul it ‘sisuaIDLAaluDp we iN | * \iaeeSSOS)
a "yseq ‘vasny1¢v9 us * "ysaq] ‘saplozsvjsv wy 3 ‘stsuanuossa (vidyoytewug)
eee eee "sso—d ‘700A, “c * * * eee "ysoq ‘youpoue “ “ * ee "sso ‘pjSOI4D] “ “
eee ‘usaq ‘S713; “ ° ¢ j “ ‘“ “ “
yseq ‘syupsf * ysoq ‘vgujoipy.s * Cyseq) wynapqionvg
age "MOS ‘s777UHIs ‘sf * "sso ‘7u0suDzagT u as see "SSOXD ‘sapionn a
pa0 “ysK yy ‘oguynunz Mh x | * | * ‘wIL’y] ‘nypssnzap oe vb * “-Courny
“' susaq, ‘sapuiutday a peek " “ssod ‘aywauns (uoporpy ) ‘ 2q) vuer0e (wuryzhy) “
eee eee "ysaq “pyc 3 * eee "ssO—D ‘nyvysonnby ‘“ ER | eee S509 ‘nougyja “
“ "ysaq ‘s7suctstung us * “* -usaq ‘wuiouvnhs ee fe "s *8807F) ‘tsaypazsy7Z iY
pe ““ysaq ‘uu0Lg bees (ee eles ree suey ‘vsagso DjIpsvng7 * sor *SSOD) ‘2a.1alsgnuT a
God "MOS ‘vjv27nS19 ha | eae * mey ‘vypdstaay “oy *** “ssog ‘sypsagnjinbw i
"IO, C ‘vvacyns vynInyZ [vppagpssv.L7 [w2tpay |
|
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13

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

*

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oy tr Ee Ee

SE TRAE Seen ee

j* ysaq ‘wunasyiuf
“ susaq ‘t4ay4oyr

“4 skyy ‘vsougnas (viy09407)
tee “ysaq “ManT cb
“+ usaq ‘wsoyauny (09,7)
oa “Ysa ‘vrountsip
“+ sysacy ‘sesuaunpnyy
a00 “-usaq ‘vypnuze
2O0 suey ‘yNsUvig DI. ‘Vv
‘Cueq) vyyjnanu CEE
ve (ysaq]) saqiussip

" (ysaq) vssaedap os
““Cysaq) wyunsuvgns ss

Cueq) vourang Bs
200 (yaq) 4vdsip a
Cq10,d)

pyouindopnasg uw
ees “ 1u0IUvZaT i

se Cysaq) syeuny cs
“*Cysaq) vygsoutdjog Gs
“* CyVMA) Suepysnduv WG
ee (ysaq) senuaz Ww
“Cysaq) vvuapronvg HG
“(We]) Szumjnjn.sga4ay DaUx

*Courey aq) zdassdy ¢
“ ssog ‘wnbygotad ‘s
es “ssod ‘sapommoys Os
see Cury) vuvu '.
Bee "ysoq ‘v1ayv a
“ susaq ‘szutof1juay se
“ Cury) sunuvas sisfourT
coe eee loAvIN “yyx1ue “

ie Joke ‘wuopnog ad

* * * *

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CqIO.pUO)sunbyun
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pneyorynl ‘szsozvounay

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*SSOD ‘DATIGQIED VIPAlStADY

ysaq ‘vpunforg

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aerial ‘nIDINUIAI vIpoo, M

ae a ‘sypulUue. 13]

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(wey) vanosgo

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ct
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Cw) szvyie AI LGS)

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é YSo(]) StdVjNFA4dl DISU2ZSSOO4)
“+ Cysaq) sesuatuoumnv

“"Cssog) vaafiyns
“ (Cysaq) vypssu0
** Cysaq) 77740
Cwry) sunsaza
Cysaq) wusagsp
Cwey) vsouvnbs
Cysaq) vyisnd
Cysaq) vnbudo g
“ Cysaq) vayyng
“* ClOS) wypans
Cysaq) vusiqup
Cysoq) wyynassas
Cyseq) 2uospiaog
* Cysaq) vuayp

ae

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2 ut re te Dea ta * ee %

*

|r" ‘urery ‘nynu0st4y us
“yey ‘vnburgosg MG
“‘ysaq ‘stsuanousias -
“-ysacq] ‘ugvrasinuay ss
‘ysaq] ‘stprspuop o

“* susaqd ‘vyy.14S04 “
coe (]0S) vv2jns
eee “ysoq ‘pynjnjip “
“usa ‘ysarvlUsay us
ure] ‘yssatgiuos w
ese ‘ysoq ‘vv.1na fs
“suey ‘wsoramutDy a
"ysaq ‘sisuaapaopjjeq sf
** usaq ‘vj2utstp ee

" ure’y ‘aynsoggis oh
“ -ysaq ‘vsonurs “
“10.0 ‘sesuatstang es
it -ysaq ‘wzenpyjaqnas ae
I'** YOIy.q ‘sesuasyps Us
bast ‘WsauslanyDoy 7 a

“CursyQ) veyuend WEED)
"* Cysaq) vsusun
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* ysaq] ‘z4eran) wAutouszos
Cysaq) vuve7 vyedyay
“*"Ssod ‘wmuissinual DINIDvIUO}
Cysaq )syvurusaz sisgoujppo0+
** (ysaq) Szuesofiavuop es

see Cyseq) SUAL]UIP DDSPT
“ssoc ‘wuyyppoos i
see -SS07) ‘smpqaqjna eS
"+ sss0<) ‘sapioaso be

CYsod yout ivuss DIGMILAQHDT

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

74

2 Dv
P * ¢ see “ysaq ‘ysoujaag ab
* eee eee “ysoq] “DADA (v5
* ase ‘wey ‘vyuynjogs viut7
* | x "* 9ssolg ‘sundaza viuYyeyssag
* *sso-, ‘xynan41409 vAMO[DIMOUY
x = JUeYy
aq ‘sasuatssnvys vuyjesnA
os Me "ysaq ‘viii 8
ES |e se |) eels “ysaqy ‘zjsnsuv ue
a res "ysaq ‘ujviuaouv As
* suey “pgepsadap nye
* ‘ssog, ‘srsuapahnf
* Cyseq) storm pwynaojnaap
* “* susaq ‘v21MaI0a DIsyI1a4a4)
Ko jfee eee EES WLLL ES i “c
= nee "ysoq, ‘y24DUDT LEH
* “‘yseq ‘szsuazuouyps “
* eee "ysaqq ‘1a7ajD MA “ “
* eee “ysoqd ‘1UOxlT 6c ity
* es ‘ssog ‘vjamusoa ‘
* “Ysa
‘nuynnaw (vusegonsiap )
5 “ cusaq: “asunafsqy us
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eee “ysaq ‘sesuadziw a
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e 5 a se “VdO0dADa Tad
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* "MOG ‘[ ‘tsadpysaq SOLE, * | * “ysaq ‘vztmnbygo “ «&
* *** “sson ‘vivygo430 * “"ysaq ‘yaspyang “ “
* “ysaq ‘vpvumunon ‘ ae tie SOG 7242/7970
* “* cysaq ‘vnsigup £0 as a eed S112 010) eae
* "= “ysaq ‘ayauasa “* Bs * | x moa Vautpuerny (8 Us
* ue] * jee "ysaq “spavmp “ ts
‘pypurpied (sajuopiysvag) “ | * leo seasagy Seumssipe Saute
* ‘ysoq ‘vypsinayiwuas “* a * Gane Aw crlz.c7777222-) eet ans
* ‘ysoq ‘vsynsuvyns ‘ at * ele ‘ysoq ‘wjuudo “KE
* SeeetCay * Gor Suseyq, WnGiv Exe, OF
‘pyputivoqns (aunjopshup) | * “-ysaq ‘vaavapuyha “ %
Ea {jO0% SET ‘pypaqnjop wporpopy * "s ysoq ‘wussdsp “ EE
* “"sso9 ‘sap101uoy9 * ysoq ‘saprojopsiup “ «
* *SSOD) ‘S74JSOAILANI DISUassta4gT | * | * | * “usaq ‘ajujynoysn
* - (Cysoq) Snssadgap ut * Gams SSO@)\u2427//27 710,
* * Caayey) svssas AfTes: * O99 Suseyay aye
* | ysaq ‘arfuang ‘* * GEE ‘stappnsadat
* "* sysaq ‘zay20g Gy | 23) 3 “MOS Dqupnpuago eae
* “ ysoq ‘anbsaaaT “oo f« | * o82 “Swita) Vaan) US
* | * “usa * “ysoq ‘szsuatsazanp =F
‘“ynvsty (smjipdiuorap) “ * 2 BY Gg, aa
* bop "ssod ‘sujoudana a * ““ysaq ‘wnaojajngps us
x [ere ‘ysaqq ‘sngwsiay “ * Bef GEOR) ‘ruopnog “ “
* | q19,q ‘sunbyuvgns a * *ysoq ‘wgjnrs (vypo4vg )
[ sugeaapy | [v4 |
ce] zi] e ei ei |e
el by Fs tt Vd0d ANE 1dd by = re VdOd ANH Tad
i ico ‘AT alle & ‘OT

75

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OF THE PARIS BASIN.

* * * *

*

(SUIOJ) 2Y 2102758947 is “usa ‘stsuapvanosay os * ao uIv’y ‘smsoutd *
“-Cysaq) vyinv * “* ‘usaq ‘vssaasunay a " cusaq ‘supnsunjnsv snyydpy
-1nasg (wenissniupvegory) “ * ee "Ysa ‘waus@yey vynriayp | “* ulEy ‘puipssp12 DaYNMNI
(poo) wyoauso9 “ wee qe Ay ‘sy2sD4 * ate “ysoq “ypytn7 “6 “
Cq10,d) 247720877277 wy] * | * “Mey “warvI1ADFADUL DUUIT * ‘ysoq ‘vyyyuapissaapy ‘ sf
*-Cysaq) * * *ysaqy ‘wynyynono * “* "ysaq ‘szenynona “ u
pajos (wnissnuvpnasg ) * “* "ysaq ‘vuipt«ys Ly * “"Usaq
Cysoq) wyprassyyniu s * ess "ysaq ‘sundaja UipAHss) MOET (CATED) hs
ae Cure) viagag * “) Cysac]) vsanuaz * ***°SS05) MTEL)
(ueyT) vyoun{ut “ * “"Cyseq) vpunfoag (t * “"ssog ‘zuoounzag “
Bor Cysaq) pinigo “ * (AA) stsuauapoyva “ toe "ysaqq ‘nssoffa “ “
CqIO,q) sesuartstavg (Ou = ***(JOTAYD) zsazavasyy «{ * ge uvkeg ‘vssy “ sf
“* Cysaq_) vsosago “ Cq10,q) 2ayjtaayayy Lh * ‘ysoqd ‘vyayzuapiynu ‘* ye
" Cysoq) myavgi. ue * *** Cysoq) szaaag « "* susaq ‘suargivap “* S
Cysaq) vyvursvougygnue cu ee stavpgugos a “- susoq ‘syuxag A
“"CQIO,d) vvusogns o * Cysaq) vinjowpis DudDpooayy * [qneyoq‘zuunusso7 ‘ a
Cysaq) sapioavy asa os * “ sysaq ‘wpeltagur ‘ aa ee |e ‘ysoq ‘wnpaveapu “ f
oes (‘ysoq) ‘szpzze shtunjy7 * Cysaq) vzajnzods * if Be Es (cle ‘ysaq ‘uvgsip “ st
“2 *ssoc ‘nydpnosinuay ct oa “ts sssog ‘sisuahzw ae ‘ysoq ‘vasnyidva *
“ sqney] oq ‘v21ua20a vauiT | * yeEYyO ‘un Y | * “Us|a(]
“suey ‘ognypjip “ = ‘OUIey aq‘vavnusspn Us ‘naagojiaponh (wr4svinssog) ‘
"Iw “Laday.sopy “ nt |] Se “-usoq ‘vyp.ysosgns “ “oy*e | * a wea enuyngnos |
Se mien ‘ynbygo “ “ * “(ue 7) ae | eee "sso9 ‘parvipiil “ “
“apo ‘yatang “ ue pyoyns (wporpowpzz)‘* | * | * | * a (YG | ‘psopngopF on ise
a EERO? “oye | * | se tysaq ‘aya ss * | "ysoq LENG EL VA) ba
"* “ssoy ‘idpusag “ se * "ysaqy ‘szue. offunoeg WL SS | fees ee ee "soqmueeoungs
“BAA ‘vsozvun “ use EOL “hpusag ‘ ue | * | OF SRB) Yat) “a
“wey ‘sapioyng (wynjywui7) ‘ omlex "ysaq ‘s7.enynSuv ee i lea | on9 Suis Wee — UO
Bae "ysaq ‘yoyiv7 “ y* | * | * | * | ysaq‘apazsny (nporpoutuas) * oy “Ysoquyuum7p (9
eo ‘wey ‘yng a * ee S505) SEA TIOA ope] wey ‘vsuduv (wrspisng) ‘
or *ysaq ‘vydossvip | fea “ "ysaq] ‘vpnuiuas BONY al “e-usaq ‘“wxnpaospyy 6 ‘f
ss eA ‘vsaznjtsponb BI (x ‘ysaq ‘snaavadgog * | * | * |'ysaq ‘seuesofyopou “
“ tusaq ‘saptoyaqnyf * | * “"Cuey) sappp.t09 | fi: Oca Se (nt7/7120 27s
(PN PN P| [PN CN <2

*¥8

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

*

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pelea
‘aT

; eam eetecaietea| 22 [P| DW EW
“-qne’y oq ‘1730409 * “Mog ‘wangours49 ae ed rise “ysaq ‘oprsgdy ag
ee "ssod ‘alavjy S| |ece Hp ee “aur ‘wneusnga “ lek 05d ‘me’y ‘st4mj/nInI ut
“* -ysaq ‘nyp4yj0j9 ss * =") “usaq) ‘swaonyjag | Wee ss sysaq ‘u4noougy i
"ysaq ‘s7suatsazanv af * | * I cusaq ‘wanpiny “ rad [ee 920 “ysaq ‘vypssop neal
“ urey ‘ngpjsoo ninuusapuig | * | * ‘wey ‘vanssif (wiavysng) “ | * oo "q1O,q ‘vunggns |
"SSOZ) ‘13.1014QNDT y * ‘ysoq, ‘uenzipuossyo “ g 35000 “ayaq ‘vjyso4sajey te
“ ‘ysaq ‘supdaja sf a * ‘yseq ‘yswiuduorg “ i lee tysaq ‘muudusar A
“ysaq ‘taauvsfag] (wrsagiuas) ‘ 2 (7 ‘ysaq ‘aaasg ¢ | * bo ‘ysaq ‘vpunforg eo Tal
oe “"ysaq ‘vyz4ojur nny | * “usaq ‘1uvsfagq a * Joes ‘ysaq ‘vzedspur va4gsc °
CAd] [AIA t4sourpy vapyjasnssis | * | * ‘q10,q ‘asuatsisvg “ uf * ists "ysaq ‘susojnunas Sel
"ysaq ‘vyp4s (witeasojIv4 py) * “WET ‘sypjua-opnasg “ Bs * “ susaq ‘7uipnry ol
"ssoc ‘wypyjaurgors (punjidv7) ‘ * ‘qsoq ‘uwngoiysgns “ ee “usa ‘sussiuap eal
a (1-1 @ | EEE, us | =| [eos MOG tuninias ea) eee >| “ysoql ‘suppiajstjpnia a
eee "880 Oh, nog a3 * eee ‘ysoq ‘QpUuDdAs “ “ * eee “ysod ‘nuigstaDa be
“+ susaq ‘waufiuspue s * “ -usaq ‘yvnbw (sypjiugq) “ * a0 “wey ‘yjupy.t snp. tpuogs
“ sysaq ‘supaeaa = * joq ‘xadup (HALE) oS * ssog ‘vsoygoznuhyg
see WUT ‘pIv1QD] “ * * lees “ysoq ‘“wunpiyiU “c * * see Hee ‘supsaza ee
“* *ysaq ‘sunjsip 3 * “* usaq ‘vjn7190 « a * Ainog aq ‘7muviussod es
SaSSOG) ‘nubtAsagsD 4s * | x “USAT oes ask “"- “ysa(] ‘sasuatstAvg up
*** ssod ‘24an74Nog oe ‘unjaanur (unyvjuapiwn7) ‘ * **--ISaq ‘saprojdpuogs p
“**ssOd ‘24a Daay 7D “oy * | * see ‘ysoq ‘vuifp BO eee ***SSOT) aE: LISNJUL fy
eo *ysoq ‘vsz2ep | “suey ‘wengpojns mnyDjuaq * “+ sysaq ‘ujujnurysa e
less REE ‘pjdaout % -yaodOHavos * lg tse eae ‘sunof
ysoq ‘wsojjawnjgns * ysoq ‘wnumonhs nny
“usa ‘xasgueL Ls : * | x | Cwuey) wnuvnbs wnissniup
‘ysoq ‘vsouunbs yyasnssug * \(aayasnerg)

ssie Cysoq) ssenq a * “-ouIey aq ‘t4alunpy DiUIDS qaanpg (wnissnupegorg) “|

[ wodaa 7 | x “* cusaq ‘wpijos nynzv2ygiuas [steunzy9 | |

“VadOdOuULSVD eS S Ss ie “‘VdOd ADE THd S = 3 3 “VadO0dA0d Tad
Ba) ae Bi) Be
‘IS : 3 & 04 v : FS) ‘eI

Ad

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

* See oaeL 09) neo ee.

SAE Ee) Ce BIE:

aoc "ysoq ‘agiue “

“ sysaq ‘unss14ed
“ tyusaq ‘sundaza i
‘ysaq ‘ausofyjajor Ss

“Usa ‘aevI11guin i
Cwey) saproursyay vumopzsoury
“* *ssoc ‘ngajosgo viueatssojIA7

‘ysoq ‘vavsu0s (wygay)) “

DIADULOJOANA] ]
“= Creyo
‘uny) psednyseq afous1y9>
“-ysaq ‘s1suaistang ESTES
Cyseq) wnjourunsv
* Cysaq) 2orgueda ot
“* Cysoq) wnssaafuoo Me
“* Cssog) ayopiuvadg a
“* Cysaq)) smpnoypuva ct
"*) Cysaq) wnjsnsuv
" CqeAA) Mentspuasp i
“ Cysaq_) 2njnja9 oe
“ CuRry) mnjpsuoza se
“) Cysoq) yvurusaz i
" Cysaq) mnjyoipos -
" Cysaq) wnuyvao if
se *ssog ‘wanpoagay9 ob
OR *SSOd) ‘uenao1uas wy

“ Cysaq) mnavou0s 1unjnay
“ Cyopayg) sasuahany) We
298 Cue] ) zope We
coe Cayaq) sunsaza i
"ysoq‘mv.yssuaf vjnuls. ADUuLTORS
‘wey ‘njvadgaz2 ct

“Ysa ‘wjo1gueda (wypariojuz )

*

Tee eee te

*

*

SE AE) IIE

"* "Ss0d ‘t4ausinog uohyazy
*** Cysaq) Hh oad 10 Dana
tee Peel ‘vagus

ace "ysoq ‘syn.1yuaa -.
soe "ysaq ‘vus1juor
eee “ysoq ‘pyngvoyap “
“* sysaq ‘zaunsfaqT of

“* sysaq ‘uy4nosuimy -
eee "ysaq ““ynvsiny “
"Usa ‘7wnpa240]Y ut

“| *ssog ‘v4soygoygoy vp7a10q
“ssoc‘1aun.19aYyI0y uoj1YIO;~0uT
‘qayv0y 9q ‘Yopanog we
“‘qayooy sq ‘moouvzag v
‘qeys0y 9q ‘14ayIsLT a
“* “qayooy aq MOT, a
“ "qayooy od ‘ay 4opy
se *ssOd bicaded bs
“"qoayooy aq ‘y4agaey st
‘qoyooy oq ‘ta9unsfagy se
“* ue’y ‘s1suauoudiad u0z1y7

‘vadO0OdOuLSVD

eee Cyseq) 90349 if “
Cupea) unjgoigpig § ** ss
"ssoQ) ‘2hunog Ca) oS
“ssod ‘ztadayy

“-Cysaq)

asuaisiang uM ERE RCUOYT, iS
poe cSCOG) iunqoquyyp

** *ssod ‘uengoajaau UNTISIN

*

*

"Ysa ‘morgucda(wjyuopourd 7)

eee

‘ssod ‘saproziuury
*ysaq ‘vynpjesyna
"ysoq ‘vyujnuryza
“ysoq ‘vynjnunjg
"ysaq ‘wnsosns
uvieg ‘srayznupsg
*yseq ‘zaaouvnsy7
“ysaq ‘vaauiag

"Ysa ‘vyp1assinua, viuoupy
“AQT[AIN. ‘vs4aaa et

"ysaq] ‘2a2uvdfaqy o

“uRy ‘ypuisun
“*usaq ‘snzgna
“106 ‘nyvang
“"ysaq ‘vsszugus

“wey ‘eyngueda
*ysaq ‘vysoouyniu

“wv'y ‘s7suazvaoyag
"ysaq ‘vsuazxa

"ysaq ‘s7suatuorssans

"‘ysoq ‘sunsaja
“ysoq ‘vsorppvs
[LO ‘uunwsso7
“ysoq ‘vury flags ~
"q10,q ‘vnz2undons
"ysoq ‘suzgnjnue
"ysoq ‘vysusuv
“jad ‘stsuaavusngs

“AOT[ON ‘VUJIUUVYILADA

"10S ‘vayunsis
"ysoq ‘vsor4D9

*ysoq ‘szsuapny

ims

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

JEN PND Neo P| 2 Qi P\ O| Qh w
* eee “ysoq ‘snajonu Be ay ssf "ssod ‘vso1j1jxay lee te cos ‘ue’y ‘smgpuso “ te
<2 le hs “ysaqy ‘vievucz st * “+ Cysaq) v2107nj04 oo Nese “suey ‘stenpnuasa ‘ i
* [ers Ia ‘wutsgosuor ee * “* Ssog ‘aynpniuimnyl Ws * 000 “jag ‘vav1 * wo
oaleee “Id yy ‘sapngoys us * “* Cysaq) sepiojyn.ags ee * “usa ‘susojnaiunf ‘ wv
* | -ysaq ‘szsuaduaourms MO | ES ee “* Cur) vaa/youvo | | ot ae “ cysaq ‘supp ‘ us
* |r cusaq ‘za7giuajng s * Cssog) wmryngipunfur | lis | ‘Yse(] ‘suaapjiapsavu =“ af
* |" “sso* ‘1a4ar4qnvT OO | espe ee | “* Cuvy) wvureavu viuojjo) | * | “--usaq
* [es sAalTayA ‘vuzo1a * Cysaq) suusaur (xvjnnjaQ) “ ‘snqojnaypunzgns (snj2a7)
* i qlC,d ‘vpusogus puytsany * ‘(Caopnrg) sypsngyo v1ihyjoj,gaT | SHYIOL T
x = Y50q : anT]1eD oem ki 99 (ine Yg{)) many a
‘sisuatssaanD (snj1uI0sst7 ) ‘wauapy (sisforapjoaz) “© | * ( ysaq) wvisguy
ES ‘SSOZ ‘1uopnog uy sf * “ysaq ‘szsuaypanosay “ i * Cyjaq) 1ayjiasayy (vu1jz0r7)
eS |] 62 |e ee Ueay * “sures fsusoupn. i DIJOLT
‘vispuiuDpi (wutogsojuopa ) ‘ * “"-Usaq | & ") Cysaqd) Sstmjnuaso ae
* | * | ysaq ‘7nu0.10719 ue S sim sofyeavsis (snjraeuas) * | * * Cysaq) szus0f1y20.4 i
* \saqq ‘vieogsAFuv (vjuorojag )* ogan J * | # laste Gauci aTp)
* | * [eer ysaq ‘szcongnjiiUMas ie: * Cyseq) wnjoaou “ | VAIL snppy qucoyjy)
5 dal "ysoq ‘17mom1s.g “ y *-(uvdeg) * | x see aca ‘nmuy
* “) tusaq ‘vmossnjuag ‘ asuahavue (SnYI0. Hey * aie ‘mRy] ‘ev27v9 ub
* |e | x “suey ‘wyput4sv 114 | iia “ Cysaq) se4ay * “+ susaq ‘tdazsear TLIC
* oo MET ‘DSOJNUVAT DJ1. aan, * “-Cysaq) sfaaursg eT * | * me wna) unignp a
* “* *ssod ‘vaigsignav * (wey) * ysaq PLN nay)
* | “usa ‘srsuaisitvd sisfojtsary wnAafyiuou viuojsoujY 7 * | "ssoQ ‘asuarvuapsoy
* Cyseq) szsuaruorssans nyadzipy * |CqiO,d) syisvsfgns See | “Ysa ‘wnjzvunj fos Hs i
* ‘ysaq ‘sepiosyvu = a * “ "qig,q ‘vznjszqnus “ y* | x “ysoqd ‘wnjtapsacu s
* "SSO ‘s1suaz * “* Cysoq) 1y2.1wuv7 i ‘ysaq] ‘vuojsouosiy c
-panosay (Snjvygiuounsass>) * “ Cuey) vyvzns * ‘ysoq, ‘asuauousiads s
‘[opaunisvyy || * " “ssod ‘2aajunog vssyisvg [ ezcozsour 7 |
c;s; rir Gaye ey G)s;rye
i by bs b Vd0d0uLSYD Bs by rs) ra Vdod0uLsv9 - iy re es VdOdOULSVD
. ic ‘$s . ie she <j . ico ioe

19

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

* *

He ES Ete

MES ETS SE 3:

*

*

*

(-ysaq)
vypoyiguin (putt)
"* *ssod ‘vgnynursDo
" *ssog ‘wsoygoruod
ee Cysaq)) xnsago
“*) Gapoy) yesing
Courvy aq) sisuayane
aie *SSOX ‘nulopiuy9
see Cur) wns.
Se Cyseq) vesng
oc Cyseq) 7240
* Cyseq) wysusun
ss (Cysaq) ungnoigs
““Cysaq) viuaojsosmue
900 (ysaq) vurgs
“ Cysaq) wiuojoug
“ Cyseq) mvasadjog
"Cada wpzzzee
bale 0@ WT CLELES f njouaty
"ysed ‘njaagsvut
“py ‘wywyjagesay
“usaq

‘sesuazuoudtaDy?

“*(pneyora)

“

“

viyapt mPa T

ipynouapy (wiy2dj foygsourg ) *

$3497
"*SSOD) ‘MANIDAISOL ee
Cysaq) sapiojisau pusozsowo 7
*** (uodurzag) sauinbea ef
Cuay9) URIRG ESOT
eg! *ysoqy ‘tdssvy
“ sysaq ‘nynjoauy
os "ssod ‘1A4unog

“
“cc

* *

Ce nw eS ED hy Geer ier hes

‘q1O,q ‘stsuatstang -
“ysaq aoe, ( snppyduourdays)

‘ssod, ‘sasGoautzans

"ysaq] ‘vypragsinuay =
‘uv’y ‘aypigsimas sf
“wiv’] ‘saprourgang = S

SSOD ‘1atatagno7T = a

‘ysaq ‘ttayungy e
*ysoq ‘1y2apuv7T ff
Ysa] ‘syzisstp (w1702147 )
DIJIUDISDY T
*** Cssod) 2mouvzag i
Cysaq) supunonl snjohongy
Cyseq) wnnsiy( i )*
‘ssog ‘smpoyguomos “ “
(‘ysaq,) verssynui “ %
Cyseq) wmsuyvavgos “ &
“ “SSQ6)\stazaizonpy, “St
*“CuvT)
S140] SD-NUAOI CUBED ak
EG ysaq) vimaopsosoviue gs
Cysoq) wounlip “ &
** (uopneg) wzjst49
6005 Cysaq) yvyiwa “ «“
eee "ssod) “nqazosgo “ “
Cyseq) sesusuoutiag “ %
“ Cysaq) youigang “
“"Cuvy]) sapiouigang “
zee Cuey) oiys “ Ss
“-Cysaq)
ppunont
“-Cysoq)
vAafiyjvo

(smjiy20s417))
(w1y2udy40InaT )

*

es RP Pa COR GH HE * 036 ee ee Se ae

*

See tie ten 4e

“* Cysaq) wasostp “ .
eee Cysaqq) vivas * “
Cysaq) seeusofiys04 c
Cure) vIvALgS (KDINDIAI )
Cysaq) HET ENE)

Cysaq) saploravjos

i" Cysaq) sajny20.4 a
“* Cysaq) wazfiurs
wee *sso—d ‘nso “
Cysaq) vypuissviU.9 ut
Cyseq) wy2yno17n.49 a
“ Cysaq) v7autatay se

(uvkegy ) vjojuopo vyatavjos
** Cssog) mansoigny SUM COUETS.
‘ssog ‘sugtyz0aaz¢

iC ysaq) vpunu “
Cyseq )pamsrg(vppastasory)
DIStAAONT

\Cysoq) supnosavsf ie
* Cysaqd) sumysip «
(wey) mvoyns (snynasoy) “
i Cysaq)

Syigvsim (viuojtpopnasz) “
“-Cysacq) SU “ “
uvdeg ‘sesuausnd (waziuopy) ‘
HMMS)
(uopneg) vssv.49
Cuedeg) tDUusag g
* Cysaq) 2auaing OPS] ROT
see *ssog ‘nsfutor

“usa ‘sundajasag vjuopouopy
Cysaq) sisuetstand (vyiung )
“* Qssolg “LauuazgQ snjnounjz

MOLLUSCA

EOCENE

80

jo" a \ Qi @ j2 || 24| Q\ 2 p\|r2\¢qi\»n : -
* “"Cysaq) sisuatsvaann vst py * (Ainog aq) sisuadssnvya “ “| * Be ee ‘ysoq ‘sou
* ‘ssod ‘sisdoyvsau = 8 * *“(Ainog aq) auunyog “ eS |] EB) [200 “"ysoq ‘unanjiusy *
= Cyseq) ~npgjnas . * se Cysoq) sesuadzip ‘ * res see ‘ysoq ‘vuvu “
* "Cae AA) * eee Cysaq) 1@PUDAADT (be * joes ess Sngagy ‘paautsd “
SIUMAOfIYI142I DIVISYVAO.T | * (Ainog aq) szsuaruzmngav “ “| pe “* ‘usaq ‘vunipaue “
* por Aaimorer ergy “eeapa) SO |i as “© (Ainog aq) mipop “ “ | * * tes “ss sssox ‘sapiosiu “
* | x Coury oq) zany “ « * ** (Ainog aq) yuopog “ “ | * no Joployy ‘vyaanjoumau *
* | =3(Guso@)) * (Ainog aq) xyamnjiyounl “ “ 238000 "* ysaq ‘isaapsy “
yynuisg (wjposiyj14a7)) * " Cysaq) wyaunjinuag “ “ | x ss *ssor ‘stxdggossmut *
* “Ainog oq ‘syzqvuup “ “ * (Ainog aq) vyfsomorsaydg ‘ “ * oe so GOSeqp asia soz
* Sinog aq ‘wuouvny “ “ * Currey) vgs249 (wpasogs147) ‘ * 0 * Cysaq) ago “
* “* Cysaq) wyeyspy “ “ DIDIS * coc “used ‘wipamsajur “
* | * “-Aimog * ‘iss *ysoq ‘upattsuoa =“ * ese *ysaq ‘vsostzpagns ‘
aIql ‘axatagnyy —-wyvastnuaT * 640 “ “usagq ‘wpsnsun * | x Hoo “* cusaq ‘suupat¢ *
* “-Cysacy) ce | eS ee Cure’]) voyagasay IN * rae “ yusaq ‘usapoue ‘
DY Jsoulo.Lasay MESIEPED) * *s* *ssod ‘sapiouna x | « | x 909 “* Cue) woapsoy *
* | Cssod) sapoyjunrn ‘ * ss sssoc ‘sunburdosg Coe E> |e 000 “ysaq ‘saplozjiuogany “
* |" Cysaq) yuma “ is * aco (RELA) Si EES * Pa5(GUIO6)
* Cssog) zsarypaayy ah Gayop) weseevg( gC) ® gq) sadvysaq viuo0jsojuopa
ea “* Cuvy) yooyg “ - * ‘ysoq ‘susuarstang = ode "ssoc) ‘smjnuog (sxdigoxo7) us
* Cyseq) vsanaiapa ‘ . * "ysoq ‘were f(wucrnauidanpy) © OS eaall “+ «ssog ‘sapiogng ss
* “-Gryyreg) * ( S800) sisuappanossy a * Cyseq) vsoreds 4 i
19stUuvhg (wyvasissp47) “ * GOS Wise YG, PA) | ts ““Cysaq) vsasiue a u
* ***(uopneg ) ee) “-ysaq ‘vuojshsun ce * | * Cysaq) vausnga e
pumojsoulszavue (vjpIsyuag) ‘* | * | * | x “= (Cayaq) vaosip “ eT | * "‘SSO* ypuldavusa ss be
* (Ainog scale ysoqd * “*Cyseq)
9) ranbsaaeT (vyv9si9y 7) “‘njnaunov (viavjngns) “ puysapunja (snyrgdiq)
[ 27n25 | [vung | [ wpoushs
G s . 3 “VdOdOuULSVD c s Ss i “vdod0OuLsvD c s be “‘vadOdOULSVD
By) a) eye Big) Bo Big) so
ails ie “LS Pa ie ica) ‘96 é ice] GS

81

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

* * * * *

Ty oe Le Mu tras

eee ee

**Cysaq) sujvjso2ta Hy
‘ssog, ‘smjaursanbuinb ue
eee BELG | “DIOL “
ee "ssOd ‘susolgny na
‘ysaq ‘sanburgosg a
Cwey) sajpurs21g :
tee *ysod] ‘sujzueis “
“Usa ‘suipeltAsaqut Me
Cyseq) st4ayngsounyg sf
mos "ysaq ‘supizim n
eee “ysoqd ‘1IGUDY “
“usaq ‘suzp14sjstiuas ue
Saeco gy “MB_Y IU (4
“ysaq] ‘sugptajsinuay .
“* Cysaq) sujpe1ay Ws
cee "MPT ‘sngiog “
Bae "ssO*Z ‘supiong s
pop "Ysa ‘24ayIsLy SIgQAoap E
see eee *sSO*- “AANOGT “

a Cysoq) zausdng
“ Cyseq) vuussynuu

“* (Ainog aq) 2274208 syap
Beg "sSOD ‘viuttsagso wf
“Knog
aq ‘yussvgdv7T vjv2siuts0jj317
co Cysaq)) gseua
‘ysoq ‘ujmjpigs “ “
Cysoq) vicvsaaasung “
Cysaq) siaeur (wyasaip) ‘

“-Kinog aq ‘veauiag Gi
“ Cysaq) wvruggus se
gg *ssod ‘vsojnoiunt ut
““Ainog oq ‘7ao2uvzag s

mo al) ue

Sere,

jt Cysaq) 2y24puv7
Cysod) 17/0 (27028191 )
“(Ainog aq) szsuasina “ “
oc Cysaq) zsuduv
209 (Jos) vujnsia4
(Ainog aq) sisuayatnf “
"CO “W 8

yy aq) isfmuny2Suopsaqr

900 *MOC) vynzsos1mas “SS
| C S) kak “oc

|(Armoga({) stsuauousias

see Cysaq) siuyfo “ “
ss Cysaq) yaaguvz “ “
\(Aimog aq) stsuaruossa
(Ainog aq )v2yyns (wyi4op) “
BES (G OW)
1yungaamog (vjvasiuo7) “
***(Ainog
\aq]) 2autowaT (xjnosopyfig) ©
(Ainog aq) sisuayans
Cysoq) wzyngnjuog
(Ainog aq) yopunog “ *
(Aimog 2q) 4yaoyy

“ “

“ “

“a a

‘

“

: (Moc) ynp
see Cyseq)
puissyunsaja (viutadjosary) *
(Ainog aq) #nnjsno7 sf
°° (Ainog

(aq) zuopnog Cay) i
Cyseq) 71210049 i
*(Ainog

aq) t4adoy (ayvosojnzatz )
((Ainog aq) wvsuspuor “ “
(Ainog eq) mjamnjynop “

Cs eg! at Ga

1 368 A

te

)

|
|

“* “ssod “isadvysag sf

*‘sSOD ‘unagnjyses * i
“ssod ‘yyvotaguiigns “* ‘t
“* ysaq ‘uamnap a
ale *ssog ‘wjnuids “
“* yseq ‘vpunu *¢ “
“= ssog ‘vsoydomuos Ms
“"q1O.qd ‘vpyiugns “ =
Curvy) vpyiu (wranjngns) “
"ysed ‘vjpursavucagns fe

eee

“"ysaq ‘wnpicsng MELD cf
crSSO@) Synanyns

iene SSO@)nd 74/40/47 a
“ cysaq ‘sy2ip4f es
‘ysaq ‘wypuiscviugns Ae
““usaq ‘vuauginua “
oR ‘ysaq ‘vyujou “
oe *ysaq ‘v.cyyng Ue
“CAQTOIN) 277244N] “

“ *ysaq ‘2Gio2 vppiuog.n 7
Cyseq) vssiuap siswgorsigy

“(yseq)
DIDUIGADUA —_ DIJaLUOSIY IAN
C ysoq) vursnjnas * a

Cyseqd) mvidstjog a
Cyseqd)sy19v43(vpAz0siup )
“* Cyse(]) yousour pyamyngy
“ souiey aq ‘yuasndgoT
sole “"usaq ‘sapromyng ‘
Pe PS (Cuitsa)) yea?
"ysaq ‘watsgny ‘
OW WI ‘Sisuaginaussa
es "ssor ‘siusofiauuy ‘

~

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

82

Bei ee | iene
* |***(Asstog)
Caesar puogoideT
3 ‘DO 8 "1 2d ‘any
* ‘DRY aq ‘ayssuy viwyjasag
* |e" “ssOn ‘wsmagsip “
% “-ysaq]
‘puvianjipozUD U[HUIUNLT
* (ssog) tvusag
* "sso ‘z4ayyjujnog maninaniyy
* Cysoq) eaninaaego
* “* ysaq ‘suppor i
x Cyseq) sepupyayog et
* |" SsOT ‘te4al4guvT .
Be 3 Cysac{) suvsaza "
* Ysa] ‘ssojjaunjgus a
* Cweyq) szysosrsds We
* eee “ysoq ‘pong “
* es susaq ‘sugfusoo me
eral Cue] ) smjozojip Mt
tea |e Cweqy) axugosnusoa xdAuoggipy
* * see eee ysoq ‘suaayy vc
sem sc “wey ‘szappnpiga.t9 MS
* “ts susaq ‘wsozjautny D
* | * |CqIQ,q)szsuazuorssans nt
x |e | & oi (0S) w4ago vv.udiyv7
* | x * sssog ‘sesuarstavg vnpiges)
* **('ssog)
. sapisoygousog sna. why JO1sayy
cqjayree
by 2 ty b VdOdOuLSVD
mile ica) ‘0S

#d

*

an

|

2) Dv
Cssog) vyjaenyj1a vADYISAAILY e Pe [ee “ysaq ‘vpundas i ‘1
eae aaa "ss09 ‘pyD D. DIA ON x [eve “ys ‘nynpgD z 7
Pg “used ‘vgn * "USO ‘wppUlgAng
Cq10.) Ai Natalee della Gal")
siusofiuipn og sisualuojuny (vutz1JV\7 )
Ett "sO ‘mos SS Le | x | “ue ‘vaovges (vyvda7) “
(Cel) (G)) AALS | * Soom SO [ia 217/ 77270 mmes
“-Curq) 4. “+ susaq ‘apnjoauy “ ‘
vipsgs (npyasgornvup) “ * | "ISO
mee (meq) v22u02 “ i (‘susuequousia v2 (vjtaaaany)
"* Cysoq) vponpoug \ no Veen eal) ISERSSO@) \zezey77zn0G =e M
“"Cqi¢,d) 1anbsaaaT ey | * Inassv, ‘wievjnuerp us
“-Cuey) vypuiunsp “ ee 23 || “-Cuv7y)
Cysaq) szuetofianppas “ i | vypjnoypuvs (wuisgounviep) ‘
Cqio, q) |) ED oe qshN LALLA C4 i
sisuatuorssans “ be | * see uvdeg ‘apsyja) i
ued) ppragay (o. asia) oe * |e) # ore ‘ysoq ‘wnsofsag uf
a "wey ‘vynID ve * | E39 "Ysa ‘saplounzopsiga J
Cyseq) mnwmpusy “ oS | * oe “ysaq ‘wwsngas «
Cysaq) sisuamaseu e * | ea " -ysoq ‘vj4axa a
(‘yseq) wipamsagur, “ ope | «| 8 “‘ysoq ‘ynyiwz Ms
(Cysoq) vsotspuog “ i | oon ‘ysoq ‘zunddojs au
(yseq) mpauearqeAt (4 “ < jane "=" “10, ‘RON “
“-Cysoq) * | & | lee ‘ysaq ‘wswnbygo i
piyosur (wniuuuory) lca Were *ssOD) ‘sasy quay 4
is Cysaq) v24ay7s | |e el ee ee “ -yusaq ‘vssojso.siUe a
vs Cysaq) pas || ee il ee ee ey ‘purojsiga VIL AT
[vung y | | | ogra) ‘1ahalAQUDT Stg4O[J70M
qh2| rir]
“VadOdOULSVD s |e . *VdOdOULSVO
‘66 ? cs | 86

OF THE PARIS BASIN.
°%

(pneyoyy) susaagsv snavgia a a ae :
LEO bar ses in a re tec mg elo LC
‘QR "Taq wuomvzg “ «i Ro | eT 500 Cae asi hee i : | | ee Cyseq) DSSOAS i
ee a ih C3 Ca bce “* Cysaq) sappznjip wpe | AGE OD Gace -
hk "ysoq] ‘aasiay - * | it* Cysaq]) seempnsurs sn nde. | * ee Clee) aa7n05 i.
“ysaq ‘wpuvyryy (wuuiurz) “ x | | “+ gsog) ee pene) : | Cyseq) 2899-40,7 -
vas "ysaqy ‘paagfue ON ae | “Cysaqq) T ee | eee Regn “
(os Asstog ‘mogoaT pyvayD, le tF Naam “vy ) vssaadap «“
1 VID)] 31D: SOs “ cae | fa
"+ +8809) ‘sapnowanga lena I |] | Guo) — *
“+ sso) ‘w.s0ys0uazs “ ieee Dai . | ie (uvkeg) sisuadziv “
Qap10p) voy goose wo oe | x Ema : “9 oul nee male peo mpngogiueas .
Cyseq) st“gnissp.s9 « | : Ihe tlhe “wey ) yng o
; VD ®: 1SSD- SUuBUIYN/SsD (UuiNtANSK us ie t(uS-
COR"19d) * = Carseay nee a pial ol ( OMPS ci) menue as
sisusumpunps Ta ee (Bug) suzyniuns vsoydous \Peaae| F Cuiey]) vunyaspais puygndue py
se Cuysoq) ssowz || Care ee ee OT | gl | 1 Rae ear
Pte S04) ‘DJ IDAJUOI at * Cysoq) f ; | i | | ead ORT G) ‘
QsoAarg *Q) v72u09 vauiuiss ell eli "ysaql ‘sujyog
\ j LULISS F | DULOJSOA: | x ete are
“+ Css0q) puixoug te Se ix i haere Pa znpoay ‘anbsane7 “
-Coumy ac) \ ae jt isis eee ne | 5 | Cul) saposyjzoja snjavdis |
SUSUIUOSSAA “ * eee Cysacq) Pes Fe | | : | rae a “Ysa ‘1p00A4 “ vs
eee ° | | 4 % |teeeay
ume ( ysaqq) vinLswg “ * * "Cue’y) sysvaf sydsousuty I, MA s
Cysoqy) pupow vinunuywpy | * | GsnerniesieeeaGn 8 ‘uenjngipunfut (stsdojaav5i5')
ns s805) ‘sespghune if Ihet us (sto si eey (2) if | * |ssog ‘xvuysopnas¢d “
“(pneyorpy) Pale les oo0 ia Hai : i 2 | "ss0d ‘sapioavgiain “ “«
ipnou.t 5 pucopsojvuo]D52 /y lee ie eS d if : ema ‘ysoq, ‘uy4aviudsuoag “ “
. ‘
‘ysaq, ‘asuzavu.tngs | supsaja (wuyvygiuosnpy) \ a Ne ee LIT, “ «
“ue ‘piuwania DULOJSOssiT | vee (sso) vn, Sree a 2 ‘ ysaqy ‘anid “ “
Cyseq) tmosayzvyy oT x | COWS 2Eq)2 ee Sth es suey ‘opejegn -
Cysaq) mnzansur ‘x “= Cqney a AoE “"USaq POEL ET, is “
**(Assiog ) Haj, (oO ae * is rertal TSEC? “ «
unapiouor vuogopsdsva7 | * ioe Ageeeetn attains yal 2s ‘ ysoq ‘ynrinuay * y
"sso ‘eaz4oyyr yi x eGueseD Die ae ae! * sysaq ‘ajsnusa “
‘ysaq]) wyGiuagn “ es 4 “sysaq] ‘mopiup He “4
Cyseq) wyguaing -magord (vuyoygiuossmpy) * tee "ysoq] ioe « “
1 Gali ae eal JEN Baly LON 2! ;

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

g eee ‘ it} is 2 id 2 see . 4, “ zB A ? 2
ysoq ‘vp1agsisuap * SSOC ‘g4n0mUuIDYy * “=“Cqi@.P Uo)
uevdeg ‘z4alunpy UD) eee ie “CC ysad) mnanja vuLlossLy REL TINS ee
* ne "yseq ‘vzpea MACHEN, * |***"SSOT * Cq1Q,P YO) vsomswwa “ &
* Cue) vyuntsip ‘snavorg (snaydojosnpy) ‘ | * Cyseq) vgny (smsapodpo]) a
: “ss Cssog) vapnouos 4 | pee "sSOD ‘sagsndup a * |" *ssoc ‘zadaiagnvT ‘ sf
* ‘ " GeTonW) SISUIUSAAI | |e “+ Courey oq) 1747-40/y dl \E3 (Ja]IOWW""])zayzaapayD “ B
* Cyseq) voursavue oop ers Cysaq) smjouz2 a “* Cusuoig) vyisng “ a
GTEC wsadpysaq” i * (ysoq) Sz14vSsaasuvnd] “ | x |'* Cuysoq) weagaey “ s
Cyseq) saprououup ae Cure )sypoursang snaydojopnesey * | (prvig)) sypprunarg “ S
Coury aq) vv.tgs rf | * “Cysaq) susuvdxa * “ss Cue) suznuos “ <
Cysaq) sisuaunpnny fe | * ES ysoq) suargizap piuupussoD * "s Cueyq) sauojxas * Hf
ey Cysaq) wv4s0s a ** ““Cysaq) wagmozut 3 * sue Cyseq) suaziu “ st
Cue) suotfig sixnppimozy * Cyseq) PIUISAUZS sisgojpigg | * | * “ Cysaq) vujngns “ o
uaeESSOS) * "sso ‘wueissynutM DYVsID * |"-Cysaq)
‘npagooyg (sixnjpuopnasyz) “ | * | "S505 sisuaznusvgs (w1ge497)
***Canasse A) 20x17 XY 2Y0ISIC] omen suniqoiphane (wisunua7) “ | * “ Cysaq) v74a2ut UIqOAPAT |
**-uvdeg ‘sujoyo Gas) CH | |e eel uvivg ‘vjsoz (wurpoypy) “ * Cysaq) szsuarussin0u
"sav AA ‘asualuoissans * ‘ysaq ‘sesfourgang st wT x “(Cysoq) mosayjvjy a
oe ‘wey ‘sazuouuD | (sea yao ‘Yatavg (viuvajyp)“ | * (‘ysaq) supuansursip ui
se *"ysoq ‘ajpunsavue S |} | * a *ysaq ‘vsesiu WG | |e “* Cysaq) smpsadspuz s
“+ ‘ysaq ‘asuamviAsuDp i | | aa ie ar “ Cue) vupu DY ssiy * *** Cysaq) sanbygo
“ ysaq ‘wmnppuidsDutg tt | Cysoq) 2auasng7 syonqygoray * |***(-ysaq) is4adousagy g
“ ysaq ‘unjpUuissviU “ope |] * se CMpy) 770g “s * | (pneyolyy) sazpuers e
* " JapOJ] ‘zseassooy Se ee + Cysaq) wmojsossiue DIISANT * |" (ysaq) suavosg a
* " JoTIOYA] “eassupcuvT i | * |**Cysaq) sumsougo Py * Cyseq) supamuaazut
* hese “ysaq ‘wanpiig a | * |Cysoq) parvapuyAa sf * \(ysaq) szsuatuorssans Bb
* ene ‘wey ‘wunjvoyg ee a | ss *ssOd) ‘vyveungr * + Cysaqy) usigso te |
[wn110705 | | [ wsdyjouass | [snavfiary | |
|
: < 3 = “vadodOuLsvd S . : 2 *vadOdOULSVO = = 2 8s “vaOdOULSYD
; ce sts) il ic3) SS Bale mH ‘TS

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

x a Se

eee “ysaq ‘sytsvaf “ 4“
‘ susaq ‘puiyesvais

“sssog ‘wundgaptina “
see *ssOD ‘py 4adv ity i
‘Qu1eYy aq ‘zasspjdun7
eee “ysaq] ‘nyayyng “cb a“

eee *ysea(] ‘$u7giu a“ “
poo *ssod ‘vanviun ‘ u
"sso ‘wiuissipyim “
vig *ssod ‘sesuasing

“ susaq ‘wsoyngoja “
bore CU EEG ‘sayquuancy “ “
ss susaqy ‘syzqvsie
se susaq ‘ammjsno7 “
*ssod ‘vssauguor (wiaayd7) “
res *ssOd ‘vyviuoun
ue *ssOd {279797044
SsOd, ‘vgD/]DAUNIAII
*sson ‘suppydiuopagsy.19 uf

JO[IO ‘supvyfiuosrvue DUNIDT
(sso) Mmosunzag wnignjiavy9
mee Cysoq) wu nasty

“Ysa
‘uopouout (uopousyssot] )

ee "ysa(] ‘Seprosstd Us
“usa ‘vsojnatava s
tee “usa, ‘saguue “
“ usaq ‘wzapfucoour yi
“ sssog ‘dvusag Le
"* *ssod ‘sadwysa(y we

Cysaq) saprounparu Ht
“*-ysaq ‘vpvjynsuvgns Ws
“ (ysaq) s7vjsoma4 i

a i se OM

= sl te Dr

*

TEN eT IE Ke

ve usaq Swanjnynoyg =

oe “ysa(q eee ee
oe PLOW ‘tl epnvy Me
esis ea ‘WNJDINIYDUYI WD
‘qo, (] ‘wanjopnuvasyns i
"* -ysaq ‘aswaguom1ajn ne
O00 “wL’] ‘uangnjog us
oe ‘ysaq] ‘wenjp14si9 i
[e9 *‘ysoq] {179791 wentADjOS

**(uopneg ) xypurunsn vgo1i7

“ Cysaq) mnjnjoryd #

(eee (Cysaq]) mniuxa Us
eee . ‘ 4c
SSOD ‘wenNjvAyUaIap
oe Cysaq,) suuzue

(Csnig DE aidan vuopsoyg. {. M,

*** sssoc ‘wporuenut

"= Cysac,) wnuiu u

ssog ‘vnsiguD i

209) 5{0}9) ‘nso4gny DLAaLNVAGY 7D
Cyseq) vsoytjovp (i) “

Casa) S1Ud. ofeupnieg eo iy
2 eo) ‘vausig “ “

lee. “ysaqd ‘xo f Ts “

| -ysaq ‘zzzupmys (wurgaz) “
Curry) worysusas

ysoq ‘vuuissypdiaag “

laee Cyseq) pyyog a9 “ce

‘ysoq ‘waynayoung us
si SoG “sea Us ue
ss usa ‘nja4Isip ue Ue
“-Cwr7])
wyjaapayyI0o = (wyauigaz) “
“we "SSOd ‘isppnoyy 5

* & % +

SE Te ae ae ae:

lea “ysaq ‘nomsig

\Cssog) pIigorso.1aiue
* Cysaq,) vunipeut
"+ Cysaq) sayngops
tes *gs0c) ‘ns140Y49
CAO) 270172
iia «( yseq) suyng 0. edypourss
D005 = nS N ‘yagsDymngy
“ usaq ‘4acagpuns

“

“
ins

oe *ssod ‘wsigsAxo

200 (Asstog ) 27sdAz Ws
“+ uvdeg ‘271an0gq viULYyjLT
“ Cysaq,) wynguey 5
“*Cysaq,) ismaryIseqy

“c

|
|
|

(js0A91g) EE doe SLAVES UL
ulpayyag ‘74ayIsuy
(‘ysa(]) 82 npndeaat Dyed gnT
™=Cysoq)

piissip — (putopsoza. aid)
SEOD) ‘nragsiyg oe

-Cysoq)

pyjeavajyI09 (vyagav7)
**ssoc ‘syppioawygs
ta Cysaq) 2»
CAd TaN) vipauesazut
"* “ssog ‘vs0yJoss19
** Cusuoig ) suiojv

“
cb
“
ve
vc

were (Cysaqy) vung at
ee (CUSOGD) vsndxa US
God *ssog ‘wypjniue uy

ss Cysaq) vayand vyauyy1g

less "ssoc ‘7d4nog

“ ouiey aq ‘vayynd vijay

“ “ce

MOLLUSCA

EOCENE

86

ENE ||| 4 JON DP || GAN? jo | 8) @ |e
* ue *ssOd ‘nun0g vjoypas * “Cayjeq) EEL Od LLG * **(zaled pur
ese |) ee “*“(ysaq) saprowojsojo49 * yey’ SOT ‘thIY IST Uypasgorey Ws ‘qney aq) sisuayasag “
oo || te age * CHIIg) ywyns LAY * sso ‘1u0IUuDzeg ec * pe7l(SSO@))) Uppy syysanaunyng
*k Cysed) DIU Me * "ysaqy ‘sanju (sv.4790192.45)) * * |** sysaq ‘vssaamag §
* "$509 ‘ad enog (wunpar049p7) EU) * | ayoq ‘wounbut (sapiounzazy )
of | es \inog eq ‘vgjnasinuay i. * | " sssoc ‘sesuarmuossa a DiUuDvpapy
* *-Ainog aq ‘zuosuvzag e * |CqIO,qd) * | x G yseq) psuopad. Pie Geaunan
* | * | * [ss Cwey) vynyjaziting i | DIDIAJSINUIZONS i * "SsOd ‘mnsgnzixayfat
* “- Aimog aq ‘ar4opy = * *- Cme7) ETM ED wo * ["" *ssog ‘edpusag EL ELT,
* ~ Ainog aq ‘i4n02uipy | hae yop oy ‘s7uesofidnd aeee| LE i Cssog) wna1u02
* oO Cyseq) pnyazsoo ef * sos Cysoq) vyngi/ 3 | * (ysaq)
|e less Cysoq) evgu CO S| Ok “* Cysaq) sunita a | wiNaUr7sosazay SHpLYIOSSICT
* Ainog oq ‘7upesopy ee * | ss Cysaq) vyaxnu “oT * | " *ssod ‘atinog af tf
* ss Kinog aq ‘z#sso47 a * \Cyseqd) vuyazsooiuas te | * | * ysaq PEAS (29os.29) “
* ““Kinog aq ‘zuuniusso7 eye | * | * j""* (ue) veanp.toy . | * Ysa ‘sepzoiuing Me
* “ Aimog oq ‘iopinog . * “* Cysoq) vuupyns 3 | * “ysed ‘nssaadap (wyaunav7) ‘
= “+ Cinog aq ‘apAvg vipziyjvpy ee See Cyseqd) vsmjaa “ | * SSO) ICED) a rf
* Cyseq) * “+ Cysoq) amrgsons | | wt sysoqq ‘sisdomyng
mnjNpyiU IEE * | x Cysaq) vemessynuru Se el EPS 2c uvkeg ‘2ueno7 “
isa 3 Cur) vnyns | * + 'sso9 ‘20panog g * *('ss09)
* “ (*ysaq]) saproys04y “ * Cyseq) vsojnstajusa iS UST (agomopuz) ue
* SWINE) SazaqayImDAg A * |t* *SSOD 29.0224QNDT * Se SSOG) UN c
* * Cyseq) vuttgosuos rs * Cysaq) szsuaypanosay hey] [ik vy *ssog ‘wnjpap “
* Cur ]) vyprnsipynu uh * “ C ysaq]) wjaunlas ss * *** “ssod ‘sapioucayap “ us
* ape (‘ysaq) wpyos NS * | ok “* Cysaq) wuguep i * sctysaq ‘puursstynune “ .
* * see (‘ur’]) pinigsvf “ x lee (4124) DIIt, UAL “ | * “ysaq ‘srusofimipnyog “ “
* (ysaq) saprounjar se “-Cysoq) sesuarsigjns i | * “ysaq ‘vsnffa (sisforsopayy) “
[vypsepy | | * | * | * ae Cue] ) vajanj viuviog | [vunovT |
Cir et : : Eire setae ; ey ic ge bse :
e i | Bo VdadodOulsv9 iy 5 by C VdOdOULSVD i i re vdodOuLsv9d
: cs ‘98 Bs fet Oe sy ‘ce cae: w Ss

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

*

*

Te ue ae YD

*

“

nee Cysoq) mpd
" Cysoq,) mnjzpynsun
Cyseqp) *
wnNAY ING DULAAPOWYIAIDY *
oad Cyseq) syzvae ‘*
oh Cuseqpsyize “oo
Cyseq) sapanssyfiaasg “
soo(( aK)

SnypLAssyynu (wUogixs7 )
eee Curvy) DUI] “ “ *
“Cysaq) susourds
“Cysoq) ssvluny
“Cayaq) smpzns
Cauyjaq) smprajs (sasaiyyns py)“ | *

saposvua 7} *
‘qne’y] aq ‘szsuaruoissans “ “| x
“* Cysaq_) smpyndunig
so (Guan)

SnINUOI (wranjnguutse) ) i:

‘ysaq ‘snuosdjog i
“ysaq] ‘snuippinsuv g a
"ysoq ‘saproyndsas
* syusaqy ‘s2j2a440g
‘ysaqq ‘syppadgiuas
“ -ysaq ‘suppxny
“sad ‘smjppsi49
‘ysoq § ‘sujp.cyqn79 st
“ usaq ‘7y240p7
"ss cysaq ‘smpatigs

“ i
“b “
cb “

a3 a9

*

*

"ysaqy ‘smpvuao i ee es
“(yseq)
snpoyjauva (s1g.ojngaas) “ | *

SNJIULAI J
P

* * ££ *% *

*

* *& *

7

(usa) 427210 pelle

"* Cysaq) seplourgsng Us

* Cyseq) 24a9a77

2g Cysaq{) vy4aout :

"* Cysaq]) vipauesajut ib

ss Cqney aq) 1797 =

Seema Ge qseq) SIDING IA RULH *

aeG 8809) ‘susuasind

“suey ‘wypojnsiun .

uRy] ‘sr ejnsUDLUn ue

see “Ysa ‘yoy? ‘“

“ve -ysaq ‘zuipny 4

“* “ysaq ‘wppuenrsa iH

oe “ysaqq ‘vsorgoa .

es “MOG ‘nypa'u0/a ;

" susaq ‘wpisogsaqur ee ta

pap “ysoq ‘vyguior e

aes usa ‘suyuae “

“ -ysaq ‘wsopnnunf i

ae “ysaq ‘wngns Mi

“APTI TATTLE i

aya] ‘“ys4punT t

“usa ‘vaalyiuoue -

“* cusaqy ‘wsojpnunss ui

wAG “AVIA ‘2capunjos a fee

“-ysaq ‘susuaovaozag oe

poe "ysacy ‘sunaaza ue

“* "yseq ‘pypsay]Npv ys

Ue] ‘DL eDpDIL gut Ut

"+ sysaq ‘w4afiulsDvs se

soy "ysaq ‘wplaghy ut

js ysaq ‘wetafigns a

ists suey ‘ngnpjagesay Dy ajldAny | *
P

*

*

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OF THE PARIS BASIN.

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ZaIvg ‘sisuauosavs “

"qiC,d ‘sipnaegns
BG “ysoq ‘iAvuseg
eee 8509 ‘14angs “
“ysaq ‘sunjsip (vapiaanyy )
“usaq ‘snzujso2g =
siete ‘Tos ‘gadsv
“"ysaq ‘sujppnuap
“smog ‘susourgsig
WIV] ‘SHJVULADILAL
‘ey ‘suzpjngvjuor
ysaq ‘sn4azgosnuu
“+, ‘ysaq ‘saprosnf
‘wv’] ‘sapiosazgiy (waygiay ) “
XIAN
"SSOD ‘L4atg/1jNO UWNULIINGOS 4 pr
2p0((inteiq())
aasvag (wiapjnuny) “
**("ss02)) shpUsagT Ue oe
CAalayA,) 22unalaT7 (wissvs)
Cysaq) mesonunpg “ es
mars Cysaq) vjIuing “ “
“+ Cue) viavpnpou
“+ Cysaq) vsojnayer
Cysaq) wnasntsgvas
(ysaq) 4¢fiun.to1jjnid
(uopneg ) tai 40unsgy
Cyseq) saprouosajog
“ Cysaq,) vypusour
s+ (*ssog) varuod “

ay a9

ie vc

“cl “
“ “
“ “ch

ch

“ ay
“ “
a“ a9

SCA

EOCENE MOI.LU

94

Pa 2) | lm p\2\¢|2 P\2l¢@|»
* | “-Cueq7) * boc ‘ue ‘worn ‘ eck Cssog) suumasimay Ne
pavyj1a (vdngojnjoy) * * got *ysoq ‘vso4zgnz “ ef | * wae Cysaq) sapsnduv if
* | “"Cuey) sajyngyng = “ope | * sey ‘payngvagoz y | x Cyseq) suynsunydarxa oy
* eas wv’y ) x | x SSO GT ‘pywaudyns “ “ * | --"(Cysaq)
pyjargny (stg.co90jnjo4) ‘ * "G10,q ‘vngnzsvagns “ ee | SRADAPUIAI — SNJIV-AJDYIA] 7
* “* Cysaq) 1apunsu0gy My * “* sysaq ‘suapisspaz “ eae® | see Cyseq) wnjnqo,3 “
* “* Cyseq) saznjoani 4 * 2 usag sano igo ue | ME eee lead Cury) auasofiging at
ae ese ( ysaq) snyjeqvoyd “ * see “maya ‘nyvigny “ “ x | x | Jee coe (jos) snag “
eee edb COS (Getta) ea oy ioe “ysaq ‘taholv7 “ sf | * “Cue ) mnjpurtvagns ie
* ase Cysaq) sugujnue Sorat. |) 3k “ysacy‘szsuanst. tag (702, “ipy) “* | * | x one "** Cos) sugyng wnady
* Cyseq) seusofiguuous | Dies ee "ysod ‘nuojshsup | * *Cuvdeg )
eo | oe Gore snsszudep ee EE; " *ssoc) ‘stsuatssaanD gi | SnussyIuysip — snsnfiuas:
* se “"COS) vpajyjzv a * Son “Wey ‘27809149219 us | *-| x 209 (NOS) vipsasely H
* eas Cuury) szsourgs | cele: ae one eens) alk eyy i |e | * as *ssog ‘1auu0g Ae BOY.
* “* Cysaq) smjuajnsi.ty us * nde ‘wey ‘eyjajwoyg ' Fx | x Cwey) vyiaesggp
* * CMOS) sugnsadnngap SB) Were |l se oe mot iar oiakig?. * Cyseq) wisogsajur os
* as (0S) sansiquip ee (sal aes ees ‘we’y] ‘vypsuoza VAZLYy | (uvkegq) vigouip “ o
* nee (Cwie]) vu020919 a * Bod Cyseq) svayjos = | (Cyseq) saproaanu ue
* | ox vee CMOS) sujpaaza a * sige *ysoq ‘smjpssas SA | |Cwmey) wourimogns “ se
* “+ Cuvkeg) 4afijnuas2 se oc ‘ysaq ‘siuissip | * pS)
* COS) sujnatsgvas sayjyynjo, * “+ ysaq ‘sawurimoun | | ‘tasarsqnyT (ourpnyz) \
* "ysoq ‘wppiaysiygnium (fg) “ * 209 "wey ‘suppjnziw susmg } * | * | * | * \"ClOS) wvuiue (waystadpy)
* “ urery ‘njoaspti i MS * ‘ssOd ‘2u0sUuDzaT TNE Duasuosapy
* “"7SSO0) ea lak Cyseq) w4equn7 x |x | * “ ClOS) vpisung vanpisa.qs
‘pyvjuapsnqur (nyngavzz) * | x (ure) susopnaiunf snsnforyv7 | * (Cyseq) DUA day yng DIJIUDS te] |
* meee ea * Asie (Cysoq]) s#z4vjs09 if * se (Guseqp. Dnoixa DINOISSANS
‘psojnaidwa (wy gv9sojga7 ) ** "= Cuey) sxvaygiun ct * (‘ss0g) sisuadssnvys a
[wznoy | [ sayzyzany7 | Neen |e " Cluey) wynjngns vinopup
c\s Seo *vdodOuLsv9 S are *VdOd0uLSVO is S SES ‘Vdod0NLSVO
By) | Cees |

95

Kink Xe OR Ke) HE

OF THE PARIS BASIN.
&

weg ‘mpy ‘vzpesnd “ ig * \ysacqy duopnng Cd Zayas * | Cwy) supsiaay
8 *Ss0F) ‘19LAapal] 7 i * Bool Owe Val errae - * | * sae le,
oe *ssog ‘vypaaza % “ susaq ‘aypuoz | * Was “UR ) szsosnt
“wey ‘vypjna20 (wasdsond (S793) * -= uvkeg ‘ozoyae “ as | * Cysaq) s7susavisauvp e
"ssod ‘nyjamojzua a * "** -ysaq ‘vsojnsoy | faze |e eels “-Curayd) voV7 sf
‘ysaq. ‘wynpyiu (wuanodz) “ * “= Cursyo) axe © o * i" Cysaq) susojna42gnq My
sac "8 ssory ‘2A nog MOP | ee uiny aq ‘ayjwg “ | Pe es Cyseq) sngountuod iy
are Soa YQ yet | 2 ““usaq ‘ssnfppoy “ 4 Oh | 22 SSO) ‘psidsorovut a
ae JOTLOPAL ‘Szzte10uyD Ye * uvdktg ‘14eparg “ ie | # “ Cysaq) suumxvut “
‘msapIeyo ‘vz opyi9 - * ‘uy ‘wuinanu (wiygasfoz) “ | * | eee age (Jos) szusofap s
" sysaq ‘vzujngnjuor ia vjnjoA | * "+ COG) suawduoz sayjijiay] 7D
“ sysaq ‘vynsunjnsv Me be Ga) ee ***(uBUurta py) y | Pee Wie Seog)
rice “ysaq ‘vyujnuas9 “sepsoquio.ys ppsoyI0j gary “221p1neyayy (snauujopnas]) ©
ue “ysaq ‘vjoap4oy = *k (aS) 9 “Iq ‘yajao ry “* a | * eae snuosnjy gay
ee ‘wey ‘paafiquap tee i Soresy COMA . ae * “* Cysaq) szsaour 2
“~ -S4S9q LEE olde) bs (EI Net “suey ‘wurzeoun2 “ ee * “= Cysaq) saonbizgo “
es "ysaqy ‘sipiuassip 4 * "sso ‘wpd7Jo.yap “ 4 ** (ysaq) susojnuconbs os
see "ysoq ‘ispapapy mek see | *S807) ‘shanog * 2 *k | Cysoq) s7jvjso21ssv.49 =
oes *sSOd ‘2uiDjsvyD . * ** sssod ‘t4ayjunog “ Hy | * | ** Cysaq) suzvsassas Be
see "ysaq ‘vyussp42 ia fe: oUIeY aq] ‘Wupupy “ if = ae| Cysoq) sxzvuixosdgp “e
“+ wey] ‘wautinga vjjauisapyy | * | * *° ‘usa ‘“t4agang “ ee * (wey) smpsojur snjeys0, fos
wee eee Campy) Divut “ * wee “ysaqq ‘naUvAsxa ia “ | * =<(CqI@ Gy)
nse Cysaq) wupising * "ysaqy‘sesuadziw (vagiuisn.7) “ | siuuffpqns (SnjNAYYT)
ss Cysaq) z“apun4g =“ * [ore ‘ysaq ‘wasiig “ be |i ERS)
aa *** qoy10yN ‘200009 (eles “* sysaq ‘wpoapaoy “ ie | PIERO, (wimoxoonaT) ©
pec (wey) xnduvy ED 6 stl Es + suey ‘vuyzasnf{ “ “ * \ysaq ‘zratvagquinjyas “
aed Cyseq) #2 very * “curvy ‘nypuisapue “ us | * [re Cysoq) 4ounu “ By
sis (‘ysaq_) 2an0g ie * suey ‘srutsofiunss “ | * | Cysaq) sesuaypanosey “ us
“ Cysaq) 2sau4a0F7 eas G20 ‘ssog ‘ajuaouy “ ft | | *ssod ‘sisuazuou2agps “ us
(uvieg) vvrydenbuinb ese “ysoqd ‘njsadswut (wajiuouoy) “ote | * | |tCysaq) sisuarszand “ us
ou Cysoq) 42797044 e * te *ssod ‘idvusag “ rr | * “-Cysoq)
ee (Cysaq) 27p-4j11U e * “* uopneg ‘vznaizo “ vs | snsojnaiunf (viUu.sapsisay)
(wey) sypoisnue r4Ajojnj04 * “ urv7y ‘wopouou ‘ | | SNAYOT
LOW | G2 (AU a ee a

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

joN DN yl a p\o\¢q\2 P| Di Qi a
* | * (uvq) vsoarquaa # * “ -Bnig ‘sagipasdap “ * ‘sso— ‘nyvavaxa (wpjpimly )
* (wry) vynjnuasa (sixyodq) “ | * | * “"-Ysac] * | * se ss09) ‘viavuasn “ et
* sis Ces) ppigAny wuuophyp0ey SET (Oey) J * DOK “wey ‘wjnarjo “ as
* *sso*d DRDRSOD IEMA] WS * uvdkeg ‘su4juar049vUe sal x “Cysaq) vigup (wyjasnds) “
* ie 8) ‘npjauuojua “ * See USO SeSGOULG AIT * “* Cyseq) vuipunpst ge
* ss sssoc ‘wgpssooissp.49 * ig * fopeal eae, ed Cyseq) usago uf
aes |e Cyseq) vastsg “ ee * oobommayg, epuaiaday ES | oe te Cyseq) 1w2«vuvT i
* “-Cysaq) * PRENIOINE “oeaoann — “|| 8 || ee We “suey ‘saprours9ng VIE,
pyarvyj1a (viz0yIng ) * sme neSSOG) 42077002 econ meas * | * “Cue ) m70angiue
pag | * cna] © G90 7/7277 02705 I (alpayory,) tamewmpy :
* Coury aq) t4acsagunjyas * ee ‘Jos ‘sujpauy =“ & * SO (Gus Opa a
* see Cmpa) DOs AAG 8 * USO (0100707220077 7 7 oct el cf “* Cwe]) yuoumnvT AS ki
* | * see “Cysoq) v47 ATED) * | * SoeCUe Gy * | # | x 00° “ysoq ‘suai S|
* ssusaq ‘szusofiaziue “ ‘saplogutodjs (suionusa FT) uf * oot "ssod ‘va1uod sf
* as ‘ysoq ‘vysnsun “ “ ]* | # + ysaq ‘sesuarstavg ei) Ue Sl "+ (MOG) Liapunag i270
* rele *ysaq ‘v4eour “ i * oss GITSO (ie 472.00, Jane ee Paleo ‘supsaza
* "= ysoq ‘spapnpa “ ef * ‘ysoq ‘stsuajuomyva “ “ * ‘uey ‘wayne (v1Yyj1907 ) |
* "* susaq ‘vous “ ag (a Se OPO) -sesuausazan 1) DID ET |
* ‘ouIRY aq ‘sisuausasa “ | es oe ‘ysoq ‘4afgns “ SA + Cysaq) wyyndun uf :
* “ysaq ‘saprozjauigany “ som as “-usaqd * ****SSO-) ‘29aSS004) u eg
* OO ‘ysoq ‘sour fe ‘sngpjnussa (snuosounygajs ) * | ox ‘ysaq ‘viumozstduv (wisoj7) “|
* so *ysaq ‘vynsago ‘ Wy Snuo7 | * t+ *sso9) ‘14a1qqpaaY4) o
* | x “ cysaq ‘wnsiaasg ‘ C * *CAQTIOTA) * ss *ssoZd ‘warpogus “ e
* ss susaq ‘stzzvjnpou ue ladlojaDvyy — wenIYJ1LaI01Sa7_T | * | * ey “mpy ‘vypyqia “ o
* "* sysaq ‘upanyeg “ a) [it vs cysaq ‘naafijnsuv (2) * | * ce eSSO) CE SILED & a
* se "ysoq ‘vyvznap “ te * “"ssO-D) * | eae[seIn
* "sso ‘14ayyjpaay) (sy9dqyq) ‘srsuadssnvys (npjauojdqng ) “ | “uunusso7 (v. aate aD)))
[ vruoss0g | [ 2njj29Uv2 | [nyeusavzy |
5 |
S a fs 3 “ydod0uLsvVo S . | 2 ie “VdOd0uLSVD a F 3 ‘VdOd0OuLSVD
mg i ‘Tg Cull es) ‘os ole cs ‘OP

97

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

" 4% * eH *

* * * *

ke £Oe %

° mp 'ysrausaty “ same ee alee [""ysaq zs st ssog ‘upuataaygs
* sssog ‘wzazgnjaue “ Ui ‘sasuaguowuiapa (si9k7yq) ‘* | * eee) ESO) IANA
“* sysaq ‘aazaqpyy “* ct DIUOSAOT * eee ‘ssoa ‘vsonms “ *
*ssod {2a4ag * "*ssor ‘voy gogjor io | # “-ysaq ‘vuynjoigs “
-nwT (wutozoanaggimuarzy) “ * “+ Cysaq) main MY | * “= moc ‘ayngsninay =“
‘ysoqy ‘ayujnarg (wiuuojorgyy) ““ | * | * “-Cuey) vjpu0409 * | * ese SUSO() A227
uvirg ‘n4oydorgegs ue * Cysaq) anvysnoT vuiojopnas, * tt "Tos ‘wsynaa (ajnjaupp) “
“ysaq ‘mpsaijnid Gs i * sh sssog ‘sappppasy.tf{ut “ Be |] Sa fh ES ale DOO oY) Ata? See
+ sysaq ‘suargizap “ Wey | Be ye i* Cysaq)) sagvcueza tee | apo, ‘vywayznjniuas “ S
“ sysaql ‘wuosdzod “ af * |es2 Cysaq) suzvzgne “| ourey eq ‘aoounzeg “
“ uekeg ‘vpsaatzog “ Mi Ve alee ss Cweyq) sypagne = * | ysaq ‘ynjuvnb (wyjayeas) “
“* -ysaq ‘wsorzizxag “ Ys * “ss Cysaq,) smzvtesz9 a js qaqsoyay ‘zzacung “* ie
“ ysaq ‘suuyayauy “ is * Cyseq) smvrajsinbarut - * “Mog ‘sazpangns “ We
da ue] ‘nypjuap us + Cysoq) smpsogaajut bh * it sysaqy ‘sezagnaads “ a
ss gsocy ‘anna e * oy Cysaq) $272848 SS * usaq ‘simsofisnf “ S
cee "ysoq ‘yjnuasDo “ “ * see (‘yseq) suppiaspfiun “ * Jove “qseq ‘nypuso * “
ae ‘wuv'y] ‘vyvuazps “ « opx | x “s Cysaq)) supujoauy Ms * 300 ‘ysaq ‘wso1zads “
“usa ‘zsindpy) “ a * " Cysaqd) sujppnuap se * * ysaq ‘wdnssaqur “
tae] ‘sap4sgasazg “ ui * (ysaq) sagpuaxorggy Ww * ole "yea, ‘ozsnsuv “ ot
2 TSO eked cs ae CqiO,d) suppdiaajqns os | *ssoc) ‘nnuao0antfur “ ss
jst sysaq ‘zynusoxa “ Us “te Cysaq) szspnaa “|* i qa[10JQ, ‘zuunuessoa “ oy
“= "q10,q ‘sundazagns “ CLE 0 seo((TOG)) 7795740 es * “ ssog ‘zaayyzynog * ii
see ‘ysaq ‘vubyuv “ ce * ss Cureyq) stavjngan79 us * | * tt ysaq ‘v4afyuap “ o
SUE a * ***(ysaq]) suppssnzapgns se * ts ysaq ‘wujnuass .
‘piapsaaasuns, (wynzans) “ * “+ Cysaq) sasoygojp9 Mo ee “* qap10yy ‘sesmanzynue “ sf
DULOj0ANA/, * oe "ssod ‘zuopnog M6 * lines “yseq ‘pypavgas “ OY
“+ Cssog) vs2urmaponb “ * jst Coury) susozuf snuos0jghuy | * | * | * aoe ‘ysaq ‘wj2ajap “ u
eee Cap) syiessip “ * "soc ‘sugupsvginhy “ods jas "yey ‘viuapoip “
se Campy) sazysoaque =“ * Cysaq) suzopnsuvgns us * res uvleg ‘nopyDnyd is st
0 ““CmMpay) wujnuoz “ | * | * “-Cuvy) smpuisavue sig4ou07 | * | * es suey ‘wgpynzso2 (wixQ) “
"Couey aq) tuunussoy “ * “ sysaq ‘sajguoour “ “ | DIADIJIIUDI)
(ysaq) vsopnaiunf pucojouay)s Y * SST SO (Ue S702) 20271 120117 om oe ely ch ee \*° Ue]
CMpy) surusap snjoyI0jay2v4 7 * “8 “ysog ‘sugyesp ~~ " | ‘vaefyouna (vuangiup) “
Bee p | oaleg.

MOLLUSCA

EOCENE

%) D 2 D jo \\aw D
Ae “ Cysaq) 21.1927 Game ga ** Cssog) sarap elie | oe suey ‘vxayfur us
* “*Cysoq) yimausay ON ee “Cwe’y] yy7asv1ys | (eal fe Usa
* |e | x Cysaq) 1asainganag MEAS) * | * “ Cysaq) syuvsf ‘pypaajygo (unusawdxgc) “
* god "SSOD) ‘yvINAL0I * “* Cysoq) vumu vimozopvse * “usaq ‘vypiysinuay ‘ &
* “* CMog) vsundxa ae (a “ *SSOX) *DULOZ0AIIUL DIYSAY T, * 3 “ysoq ‘iazeo7 ‘ Us
* “ Cysaq]) zaipuny oe i “ *SsOc) "2.1017 D0aY) ool * “* cysaq ‘vuburgoig “ e
* ie Cysaq) vpvzes a * *ssOD) DETAINEE ) Me * lant ‘ysaq ‘wang “ th
* “* Cysaq) vvavoxa TUE Eh | * es sssor ‘iAvUsag & | * “* *ysaq ‘wsongzonyf * a
* ““ysaq ‘supjeyang e * (ysaq]) mnsosns wnsIDA]QIU * lies ‘wey ‘nyopun ‘ us
* | x “ysaq ‘supnssp (vuvygviq ) * " sssog ‘w4oygour “ Co eee a is ysaq ‘wynasnipos “ a
* | ase “ysaq ‘sunysip — «ope | * BeRESSOG) ‘sndjo2ouos a i * mg ue] ‘wuazpoig “ i
* eee Cayjeq) s72az ies (a2 "+ *sso< ‘sasuazjagan [ees OE ice “suey ‘wjsogtaang ‘ i:
* Coury aq) yaonv7 ee "sod edpotjod Conouaishs) a * \"** "ssod ‘sugjoz0e1j0 * a
* “1+” “ysaqq ‘579109 Mg * oot SCOUSOQ) SEEMIef * 7a ‘ysoq ‘wjasds “ us
* “-ysoq ‘wyewiusu0sg Sed |e “* Cysaq) wyyeumnjoo * “-usaq ‘stampngoiys “ a
* ‘q10, st ‘sesuaistand sep uny Pas, * pice ""ssog ‘wjadjIIp s * si *ysaq ‘sunzsip “ a
* | x ore Cyseq) DIIDpsAd * sae *ssod ‘su97020)927 a * is ‘ysaq ‘wyipadxa is
* “* Cysoq) smpv.s | x nae Cyseq) vxagiag =“ * |" ysaq ‘zatwwyuotnT ML
* ““Cssod) mnsmvxo 1) Ee | ae "ssOD ‘luayyynog = | |"ysaq ‘v2
* “"(Cssod) vuypAssor Dyjaynagoy | * | “* Cysaq) zuipago7 ‘“s | -sonuyjnue (vuozoinagoy) “
* Cysaq) sisuauoustd DuigpusogT | * | * | * arg Cysaq) vyatmyj9 * " *ysaq ‘zuossziaz “ ss
* |CAdT[aI) B4vUrL0 DI27]10nN0g * = (Cyseq) mopnng “ | * | * ain “mos ‘viaga7g * ef
* “-Cysoq) * Cysoq) sisuaspisaupp “ | * | x “ usaq ‘siuisasiun “ ue
SLULAOJYNQOUOI = SnUGADIONT * eis Cysoq) sztmjorus x | x |s -ysaq ‘wznyzaauna ‘ 3:
* “= uiey oq ‘yvauag “ “ * ““CqiOQ,q) wwnuayngns * * ee ed) ‘vayquaapjapy if
* “-Cysaq) ht a Cysaq) wajunnb * |'ssoc ‘v21umI
1y94DUUDT (2yJalAvazoy ) | * | ac *ssog ‘sugjootyg | -oap.sfur (wumopoanayguuary)
[vzevajo,4 | [ wuaopy doy | [ y2070. maf) |
= = 2 *VdOdOULSVD s s S S “VdOdOULSVD ° < = 3 “VadOdOULSVD
i ics] bS ; Lee) €¢ res] GG

99

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

Hee K ¥

*

P

uP ee eo ey

*

“"7OPIOIW ‘1zenosuvy Wy
4a] IO ‘zuuvusso7
“* JapLOYAT ‘4esvdnge iN
“** JOPIOA] ‘2mo2uDIaAT a
nse "ysaq] ‘sour xf
** JOTIOY| ‘zassvpsuvT os

“ CuRy) suaduts vjnIUsULY
Pas Cwey) o77apvis v1s9 pv
wee eee “Ysa ‘sngnqojs “
oo “usa ‘vzn2ud vyng
“* Cyseq) woragsimas ‘
sas Cyseq) syatvun7T
sie Cysaq) vidydyje
tee “= Cysaq) gu
cop Cysoq) vuypyns “
“ Cysaq) vzvauzguinig =“
ms “ Cue) myojnao sippy
** Cavkeg) auouja
Ge10J) moonzag “ *
Curvy)
DIvUOLOD (YUL S0.LI J)

Cyseq) ww
** Cysaq) sagnuog “ &
“"Cysoq) wupnuap “ «
se (ss07)) vaafzzoas
Cysaq) vuussizoiggs “ &
Bo Gussq pszoszon
SG MOS)izo7¢i77a. <b ke
“Cyseq) vuasiqup “ %
*-Cysaq)

saplospuysa (wutatzorrpy) ‘
Cyseq) vuojsdsuv Ke
Cyseq) vsoyfo0s MG

P

eS ute dee Basel de

S

7

| Nos VD RESHETIDD us
eas “wey ‘sapio7jn? v14v204

““Cysaq)
Vinten (uoayoviuas) ‘
“*(-ysaqq)
sisuaistavg (wayjazvuso sy) *
**(uopneg)

yajvaag §=(wynpyos) “

8509
‘snqojnri9p = (wanigojiuaay) *

"Cyseq) tan “ &
***C-ysaq)

snuijjoop = (wapiuomjap) “
a Cysaq) s4ayppacy)
os Cysaq) mmajsno7
pee “"Cysaq) szsaz0ag
oe ss urvdeg ‘uuyauy “

Cysaq) saay
Cyseq) 4ayn “
ie Cysaq) szugniys
ee eee Cys9q) sugaaja
ise (zara) ws4aryjuopy
COW 8° ed) advyseq
eels + ssog ‘auagicy “
less Cysaq) supistany
og “"SsOd ‘z4aupapy “
"q1io,.q ‘suzpyfurgns uoayap
aC wey) sapiojnads vjunjjvoy

es ue] ‘vyngooug es lh
Cysaq) vpnznjsooiueas

“* sysaq ‘vznjJa29n se
“* sssod ‘vjnjo.19v] se

"ts “sso ‘susuatstung vylsunpy

%*¥ * *

* * Kk F K

SEPT ee 3) ee

rat uy ur

D

“-Cuv]) v7p77a7s09 ‘f
Cueyq) 27792; iG uN oney diay
“* Cysaq)) »yupnnza

G20 Cysaq) xa7fuis
ss Cyseq) zzemjson “*
““Cuopnegq) inolung “&

“S: Cweq) vzvojns
reESSOS) ‘saneuedog by Ue
are *"ssod ‘unasvixo “

“* “ssod‘yauassnoyy “
" “ssog ‘wygsouosau
Cysoq) wnpispdipu “|
\CqiQ,d) vsojnuvadgns
“* Curry) wojnunag “ ¢
Cala) vali

" Cysaq,) waren §
it *ssog ‘wiysvagung “6

“Cysaq)
psojnsup = (vaigsissvay) “
Cysaq) 27vynpsortava i
aoe Cur y]) vjn2inf be
|" 'SSOD ‘sesuaquouliagp9 :
“ Cysaq) 71210049 ee
tt Cue) vzvssnzap us

“ Cysaq_) veafiupas “
“ Cyseq) wunbizgo is
ree (uie’]) vsoznpou
(qne’y aq) sesuariuossa us
“ Cysaqd) vpnuvoinasg ne
sis “ss0g ‘idanog viyjt4q

‘ysaq ‘vywyngnjuos ** .
see eee “MPT ‘nagar “ “c
jes Mp ‘2g914gsu09 “* ee

EOCENE MOLLUSCA

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ab a“

OLIGOCENE MOLLUSCA

102

PS BEETS ele eee EEL ak "MH PEMA TEA) “A [*AT) HT) “T
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103
xe * *

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OF THE PARIS BASIN.

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eH meses al Pe ea ea aca EE

OLIGOCENE MOLLUSCA

*

104

TA EE ot a LS eal beatae
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105

OF THE PARIS BASIN.

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MOLLUSCA

OLIGOCENE

106

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107

x * *¥ * ® * *

OF THE PARIS BASIN.
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sce ‘ysoq ‘saprourgang

eee oe Sita “1shAT “

‘ey ‘vypssnzapiuas niuviog

“que y

pue ‘ssod ‘ypionjsuv.y

=
—

* *¥ * *

OLIGOCENE MOLLUSCA
* * * *

* * *® * *

* * * *

"ysaq ‘vuissynunu DvjnzsUuLy
‘quiey pue'ssod ‘ynyjag “
eae "ysoq ‘vjnpisany vjyNgG
“-g ueT
pue ‘ssod ‘wzujzn20pnasg
“"unay “URIS ‘2792700U
eee OCT EEYGL ‘nyp1@I
eee “Usaq ‘pynurut
“* “usaq ‘wap10u0r vyjau1yng
"SSO ‘sisuauifiunjs sapuvy dvs
oo *ysaq ‘wptaxa vuLIDUAO [
‘qpues 'vzyjnsurs1yNU v1ADAZOA
‘qUIvy puke ‘ssoD “idunnog “
‘que pure ‘ssod ‘z4ahvpy
[uoayop |

ia
“cc
“
oc

108

‘vd0dOULSVD
‘89

re RAG RHE SHE Sat oo

Catan eee ae

tot

iss sake ‘zuvisapy “
+85 "** "10 ‘sagpjnimis “
[ld ‘suzwaynsojpjaung u0azo
‘quie’] pue'ssod ‘zuaian0g “‘
‘quiey] pue ‘ssog ‘2snfjjog
‘quiv’] pue'ssoy ‘170panng
Sei “ ysaqd ‘77S800a47

eee eee “"ysoqd ‘nS0]S09 “
eee eee Wd ‘1s1unaT a3
cO0 shag ‘nianjayn
ge ysAny ‘zzagsvyauqr

eee eee ‘U0 yy ad “1sA]as'
a *ysaq ‘1mMosuiywy
“-IosuNIA] ‘7910789 YULOJOANIT
“ ysaq ‘suatagamiuds snuoz

*vdodOuLsV9
“49

109

' OF THE PARIS BASIN.

Fel oo, Sea ee Dea ese ee ee

*qpurg ‘7799149n]
*ysacq] ‘sisuaunizasnv
- BUOY LT, ‘zadaaypunsy “e
‘ysaqy ‘242079 DUIBDY IV
*ysaq ‘v2194ny
“ysaq ‘mpyi9
“ysaq ‘sujngops
‘ysoq ‘w4ayasug =“
‘ysaq ‘2zearunyy
‘uSuoig ‘z20uvafagg
*ysaq ‘7794009 Wu
‘ysoq ‘vnesng “
"ysoq vjnjuapa UG
"ysaqy ‘Mopoun vdn
"ysaq] ‘wgnp *
“ysaqy ‘sesuauigiunys x17a fT

~uBuoig ‘isaapiusag
‘ysaq ‘uossmuina
ssnay ‘vygAjana =“
‘ysaqy ‘wunjnosaf “
xewmoy y, ‘7777s0I17jnu oe
‘ysaqy ‘syzavdsip =“
‘qpurs ‘vssaagur “
"ysoq] ‘24edaagpuns =“
xwoy y ‘vzn7oaur
*ysaqy ‘ipepiUusuorlg
‘uSuoig ‘wumsiezy
"ysoq ‘yasdeg
*ysoqq ‘z4arunyy =“
‘ysaq] ‘apunaang
‘usuoig ‘sisueunyeand “
‘usuolg ‘puouDny
‘usuoig ‘ssensouopy

"ysaq ‘1eauvdfag? 1]? 7]

*VLVNOW 1nd
“Sh

‘VLVNOWTNd
‘Th

‘ysoq ‘yanoyy
‘usuoig ‘7upuaTy X172—7
‘und]T “URIS ‘sngpurgout Ui
“ysaqq ‘sagnjnung iS
-unvag, ‘s202779ep
qsAN ‘snssaagap
‘usuoig ‘17s0aadd
‘usuoig ‘72.109 sh
“xouloy T, ‘Spy0s StQ4OUD)/
ysoq ‘274099 e
"Yysac] ‘2S 4aupjuauimuay
“ysaq ‘vuniunjeue
‘ysoq ‘vjnasng
sewoy [, “oui
paeig, ‘suppiaia st
"yso(] ‘774vmUsuorg us
pieig ‘vipa

‘usuoig ‘vsodz4js DaUMLT

iss

*ysaq ‘ip4v¢g ‘
“Ysa ‘S1suadDiAg
‘usuo0lg ‘vau4109
‘usuo0ig ‘ys0I14juan
“ysoq ‘2y20qmoT
‘ysaq ‘v7puor
"usa ‘sisuaurgunys
“ysaq ‘wurgo
‘uBuo01g ‘wunpngof
pavig ‘v21apuyaa
pivig ‘wrrazauuets r
‘usuoig ‘vppjyfur
“ysaq ‘vsojngisaa
“ysod ‘1anony of
‘uneig, ‘77vj70aIAN
JO[NON ‘vpnjpjip vaUULrT
"ysacy ‘1910ad nog Wf
*ysoqd ‘snssaagap SNIAIUY

"VLVNOW1Nd
‘OL

‘VLVNOW1INd
‘69

—+ s}si80joa8 youszq Aq pouyep Mou Sv UOZLIOY JOVXI dy} JAB
0} Sn 1OJ dIqQIssod you si 3f ‘pourejqo SvA JT GOI WO Ayyesoy ayy pur soroads youve jo UONPUTUIEXS poiejop & NoyyAL
qnq < acnatagdny ergunapy 34} Ul pur (sreuuvapO 9y} JO BUOsotUT-W7aZ7 UI qivd ui Suipnjout) sonveg jo au0ysoull’]
ay} ur Agaryo ‘spaq aue0081]Q ey} Ul guumnso00 sev sokeysad “W Aq pays ce vyvuowng jo sotoads Surmoy][oJ OL

IIo NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA.

NOTES ON THE Lists OF MOLLUSCA.

In preparing the above lists we have, as already stated, taken
the latest works by M. Cossmann as our basis; but we have
found it necessary to make several alterations in the nomencla-
ture, in addition to those proposed by M. Cossmann since the
publication of his Catalogue. The list of Oligocene species is
not as complete as we should wish; but the materials for an
efficient revision are not at present available; we have, however,
emended the lists which have been published as far as possible.

In accordance with their etymology and with the rules of
Latin orthography, the names of several genera and species are
here written in a manner slightly different from that usually
adopted. In making these alterations, as well as in the invention
of any new names required, we have benefited by the scholarship
of our friend, Mr. F. A. Bather.

A few of the species, as defined by M. Cossmann, should, we
think, be altered. ‘Thus :—

Xenophora agglutinans (Lam.) is here substituted for X.
umbilicaris (Sol.); the latter is a recent species, and differs
from Barton and other Eocene forms.

Cerithium cornucopi2, Sow.,is restored in place of C. Bedechet,
Bayan ; the type of the latter appeared to us, on examination,
to be merely a worn specimen of the former species.

Sycum subcarinatum (Lam.), though regarded by M. Coss-
mann as synonymous with S. prs (Sol.), appears to us to be
distinct, and is therefore reinstated.

Fusus aciculatus, Lam., is referred by M. Cossmann to /%
porrectus (Sol.), but a careful comparison with typical speci-
mens in the British Museum convinces us that the two are
different ; the former is therefore retained as a Paris Basin
species.

The corrections that have been proposed by M. Cossmann
since the publication of his Catalogue are as follows :—
Micreschara, Cossmann, instead of schare//a, Cossmann, 1888

(non D’Orb, 1852). See Ann. Geol. Univ., t. v. (1889), p.
1096.

Parascutum, Cossmann, instead of Scu¢w/um, Monterosato, 1877
(zon Tournouér). See Ann. Geol. Univ., t. vi. (1891), p.
883.

Mr. R. B. Newton, F.G.S., in’ his “ Systematic List of the F.
E. Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca,”
issued August 22nd, 1891, has made various rectifications of
certain genera, some of which affect the foregoing list as follows :—

NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA. UA ie

Batillaria, W. H. Benson, 1842,=Zampania, Gray, 1840. List
name only.
Arctica, Schumacher, 1817,=Cyfrina, Lamarck, 1812. List
name only.
Bullinella, R. B. Newton, 1891,=Cylichna, Lovén, 1846 (non
Burmeister, 1844).
Dissostoma, Cossmann, 1888. As a genus, instead of a sub-
genus of Cyclostoma.
Cossmannia, R. B. Newton, 1891,=JD0vastictus, Cossmann,
1888 (zon Mulsant, 1842).
Triplex, Humphrey, 1797,= P¢eronotus, Swainson, 1840.
Tomichia, Benson, 1851,=Zuchilus, Sandberger, 1872.
Volvulella, R. B. Newton, 1891, instead of Vo/vuda, A. Adams,
1850 (zo Oken, 1815).
Lampusia, Schumacher, 1817, instead of 77z/on, Montfort, 1810
(zon Linneeus, 1767).
Mr. Newton has also made the following alterations in Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891. Ser. 6, vol. vii., p. 346.
Hartmannia, R. B. Newton, 1891, instead of Pomatias, Hart-
mann, 1821 (xox B. Studer, 1789).
Pomatias, Studer, 1789, instead of Cyclostoma, Draparnaud,
1801 (zon Lamarck, 1799).

Mr. E. A. Smith, F.Z.S., in the ‘“ Journal of Conchology,”
1891, p- 333, substitutes Viviparus, Montfort, 1810, for
Paludina, Lamarck, 1822.

We have made the following alterations of generic names; in
some cases, because the name proposed in M. Cossmann’s list was
pre-Linnzan, and therefore inadmissible; in other cases for
reasons which will be clear from the references given :—

Rostellaria, Lamarck, 1799—G/adius, Klein, 1753. Pre-
Linnean name.

Capiluna, Gray, 1857, instead of G/yphis, Carpenter, 1856 (nox
Agassiz, 1843).

Ranularia, Schumacher, 1817—Gutturnium (Klein, 1753),
Morch, 1852.

Cerithiella, Verrill, 1882, instead of Zovened/a, Sars, 1878 (non
Hincks, 1868).

Megalomatostoma (Guilding, ev), Swainson, 1840, Megalo-
mastoma.

Cerithioderma, Conrad, 1860, instead of JZesostoma, Deshayes,
1861 (zon Ant. Dujes, 1830).

Meerella, Fischer, 1887, instead of M/wra, Adams, 1856 (xox
Leach, 1815).

Danilia, Brusina, 1865, instead of Odvia, Cantraine, 1835 (zon
Bertoloni, 1810).

I12 NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA.

Lima, Bruguiére, 1792, instead of Radula, Klein, 1753. Pre-
Linnean name.

Scala (Klein, 1753), Humphreys, 1797, instead of Sca/aria,
Lamarck, 1801.

Volutocorbis, Dall, 1890 ) Have been introduced as sub-genera

Volutopupa, Dall, 1890 § of Volutilithes.

Pitar, Rémer, 1857=Caryatis, Romer, 1862 (zon Hiibner,
1822).

Aporrhais (Klein, 1753), Da Costa, 1778=Chenopus, Philippi,
1836.

Divaricella, E. von Martens, 1880, instead of Cyc/as (Klein,
1753), stoliczka, 1870 (zon Bruguiére, 1792, mec Lamarck,
1799).

Corbicula, we consider of generic rank.

Colubraria, Schumacher, 1817=<£fidromus (Klein, 1753),
Morch, 1852.

The names of several genera and sub-genera of the Mollusca
are pre-occupied ; we are, therefore, compelled to substitute others.
The names below are here proposed for the first time :—

SimocuHiLus, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Platychilus, Cossmann, 1888 (xox Yakoblev, 1874).
Derivation, orpoc, flat, snubby ; xetdoc, lip.
STEGANOMPHALUS, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. L£udora, Leach, 1852 (zon Péron and Lesueur, 1809).
Derivation, oreyavoc, covered ; dupaddc, umbilicus.
TELEOSTOMA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Pterostoma, Deshayes, 1861 (xox Germar, 1812).
Derivation, rédewe, complete ; o7dua, mouth.
CyrpasiA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Ziarella, Cossmann, 1889 (oz Swainson, 1840).
Derivation, xvpBacia ; Persian royal hat, like a tiara.
EpPETRIUM, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Stylia, Jousseaume, 1884 (woz Robineau-Desvoidy,
182—).
Derivation, yrhrpwy, a darning needle.
OciviA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Metalepsis, Jousseaume, 1884 (zon Grote, 1875).
Derivation, “* Ogive,” a pointed arch.
ARAODACTYLUS, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Jschnodactylus, Cossmann, 1889 (zon Chevrolat, 1877).
Derivation, apatoc, thin ; daxrvdoc, finger.
AnponiA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Genea, Bellardi, 1871 (zon Rondani, 1850).
Derivation, River Andona, near Asti.

NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA. 113

Puiyctis, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Phlyctenia, Cossmann, 1881 (xox Hiibner, 1816).
Derivation, orvxric, a blister.

BatHytoMa, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Dolichotoma, Bellardi, 1875 (zon Hope, 1839).
Derivation, Babic, deep ; rouh, cut, notch.

ASTHENOTOMA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Odgotoma, Bellardi, 1875 (zon Westwood, 1836).
Derivation, asbevic, weak, slight ; rou, cut.
PERATOTOMA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Homotoma, Bellardi, 1875 (oz Guérin-Méneville,
1829-1838).
Derivation, xépac, end, boundary ; ropf, cut.
LIocARENus, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Jortisia, Bayan, 1870 (zon Rondani, 1861).
Derivation, ewxapnvoc, bald-head.
MicrELASMA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. <Anelasma, Cossmann, 1889 (zon Darwin, 1851).
Derivation, puxpde smail ; €Xaopa, a thin metal plate.

SPARTINA, Harris and Burrows.
Syn. Zhaumasia, Albers, 1850 (zon Perty, 1830-1834).
Derivation, oraprivn, a rope of esparto-grass.

When two generic names differ only in their terminal letter or
letters, it is considered by some authors that only the first of these
two names should stand. For instance, Mr. E. A. Smith has
discussed this point in the Journal of Conchology (1891, p. 336),
with reference to /ydrobia, and has replaced that name by
Paludestrina, on the ground that it is pre-occupied by //ydrobius
of Leach. Mr. R. B. Newton, too, in the Geological Magazine
(1891, p. 202), has discarded Léveillé’s Porceddia because Latreille
called an Isopod Porcellio. Had we held similar views, it would
have been incumbent on us to re-name many other genera than
those cited above. Though we cannot commend such names,
still they seem to us sufficiently distinct, especially when, as in the
above instances, they designate genera in different zoological
groups. Since, moreover, opinions are divided on this matter, we
have preferred to await the adoption of a more definite rule than
now obtains, rather than to coin new names which might have
eventually to be abandoned. ‘The principles on which we have
proceeded throughout are well expressed by Profs. Cope and
Kingsley in the American Naturalist for July, 1891, vol. xxv,
p- 640.

“

114 APPENDIX

APPENDIX I.

While the list of Mollusca already given was in the press, M.
Cossmann most obligingly favoured us with a manuscript copy of
the additions and revisions which will appear in the forthcoming
supplement to his Catalogue [ilustré. He proposes the following
new names :—

HeEROvVALIA, Cossmann= Asaphinella, Cossmann, pars.
PARVICORBIS, Cossmann= Bernayia, Cossmann.
Dist&ctTriA, Cossmann= Cylindrella, Pfeiffer,

And the name Eucyclus, Deslongchamps, is substituted for

Amberleya, Morris and Lycett.
The additional species, which we print verbatim, are as

follows :—

eal : :
Sic |
4 | A eee
Sphenia leptomorpha, Coss. aes ce noc vee] ie
Corbula aulacophora, Morlet ... oe sis abe *
» _ spectabzlis, Desh. ia ane Sse
Mera Bouryi, Coss. ... oa a6 sac Sa0|| 9 2: * *
Syndosmya Deshayest, ae (=brachyrhyncha,
Coss.) ase tse aos see ane | ox
Tellina hantoniensis, Edw. ar a Ses eee *
Scrobicularia ee Coss, er ae ae Aer x
Arcopagia colpodes, Bayan
Flerouvalia semitexta, Coss. |
Asaphinella amvgdalina, Coss. ... aes see Soc |, eee
Venus Bouryi, Coss... ce ase 656 ae *
Sunetta separata ( Desh.) |
Parvicorbts tellinopsis, Coss. «.. cae stats 406 |
Scintilla primeva, Coss. set es aot riba] ete
Lepton irradiatum, Coss. Soc vei 506 a08| [i Se
Montacuta subguadrata, Coss. ... ae 500 Sep *
Crassatella precurata, Coss. ... nae “An *
Axinea Bezancont ( —plumsteadiensis), Sow.
Modiola compsa, Coss. ... 500 ase 306 aca |) |
5 amaura, Coss. ... me seal re’
Arca scabrosa, Nyst (=subr udis, ‘D'Orb. )
Fissurella Bouryt (=tapina, Coss. =?
Norrisia anaulax, Coss. ... a oa 306 x |
Collonia Houdasi, Goss... sas Sls ater Zap *
5 miliarrs, (oss its ets Aas ae S00 x
Lucyclus infraeocenicus, Coss. ... al | "5K
Scalaria Bowerbankt, Morris (angariensis, de Ry ckh. )
oq IEE De Boury. aoc |) edn
Adeorbis diaphanes, Coss. 560 as s0¢ sda eae |
< trochila, Coss. ... see is mie nO |
Ampullina Berthelint, Coss.

p chenayensis, Coss... ase ee anal 43%
Velutina Pezauti, Coss. ... als ace aca Se | ox

APPENDIX. I15

L.L.E.

Ceratia diaphanes, Coss. ... Se a was ae x
Chevallieria resecta, Coss. a vee wee oe
Lacuna antigua (Desh.)... 5c: es ae ee
Lacunodon bidens, Coss. ... aoe wei oan se *
Bayania lirata, Coss. ... mee ss es eds x
Paludomus infraeocenicus, Coss. Se she Ste Sk
Mathildia sculptata (Desh.) _... Bee 500 FES ee
% bacillaris, Coss. sas ass bss a | x
Batillaria Stuert, Coss. ... aes aa fed ese] ok
Sipho Pezauti, Coss. “s wk ao aur ae *
Metula incequilirata (Desh. ) noc s6c
Mitra Chevallieret, Coss.
» Godini, Coss. j oes fs oes age
Marginella eurychilus, Coss. ... — a ben | *
Cancellaria Clezi, Coss.... =a ae ae Sesh wt
Actewon Bernayt, Coss. ... _— ee aoe as *
Siphonaria liancurtensts, Coss. ... ee ar a x

APPENDIX II.

M. G. Dollfus, in reading over the proofs, has reminded us
that the Sands of the Soissonnais have been divided by M.
Watelet into three horizons as follows :—

Upper: Sands of Visigneux.

Middle : Sands of Cuise.

Lower: Sands of Aizy.
The upper horizon is typically developed at Visigneux, about four
miles south of Soissons, and is particularly characterised by the
abundance of Zurrited/a ; it has a wide extension, and is again met
with in Flanders.

116

INDEX TO, GENERA AND SUBGENEES
OF MOLEUS Gre

The Synonyms are printed in Italics.

(The figures in solid type refer to columns of the Table, the others to pages
of the Notes and Appendix.)

Acanthinula, 57.

AcCaGwt5:

Acera, 54.

Achatina, 72.

Aciculina, see Discobasis, Eulimella.
Acirsa, 27.

Acirsella, 27.

Aclis, 27.

Acmza, 20.

Acrilla, 26.

Acrilla, see Scala.
Acroceelum, 36.
Acrophlyctis, 32.

Acroria, 55.

Acrostemma, 54.
Acrotrema, 54.

Actzeon, 53, 67, 115.
Actwon, see Liocarenus.
Actzeonidea, 53.
Acte@onina, see Paludomus.
Adeorbis, 27, 114.
Admetula, 49.

A gathina, see Stylifer.
Agathirses, 36.

Agathylla, 57.

Agina, 2.

Aizyella, 24.

Alexia, 56.

Allopagus, see Kellyella.
Alocaxis, 40.

Alvania, 32.

Amalda, 49.

Amaurellina, see Amauropsella.
Amauropsella, 29.
Amauropsina, 28.
Amberleya, see Eucyclus.
Amblyacrum, 53.
Amunicola, see Bithinia.
Amphidromus, see Rillyia.
Amphimelania see Balanocochlis.
Amphisphyra, see Diaphana.
Amplogladius, 42.
Ampullaria, see Douvilleia.
Ampullina, 28, 64, 114.

Amussium, Ig.
Amyegdalum, 17.
Anadara, 16.

Ancilla, 49.

Ancillaria, see Ancilla, Buccinanops.
Ancillarina, 49.

Ancylus, 55, 69.
Andonia, 46, 112.
Anelasma, see Micrelasma.
Aneurychilus, 38.
Ancusticardo, Io.
Anisocardia, 8.
Anisocycla, 25.
Anisocycla, see Eulimella.
Anisodonta, 8.

Anisus, 55.

Anodonta, see Unio.
Anomalokellya, see Anomalokellyia.
Anomalokellyia, 13.
Anomalomya, 18.
Anomia, Ig.

Apiotoma, 51.

Aplecta, 55.

Aporrhais, 41, 66, 112.
Arzeodactylus, 41, 112.
Arca, 15, 63, 114.
Arcomya, 2.
Arcomytilus, 17.
Arcopagia, 4, I14.
Arcopagiopsis, 4.
Arcoperna, 17,

Arctica, 8, III.
Argobuccinum, 43.
Argyromya, 2.
Ariophanta, 56.
Arrhoges, 41.
Asaphinella, 114.
Asaphinella, see Herouvalia.
Aspidopholas, 1.
Assiminea, 30.

Astarte, see Woodia.
Asthenotoma, 51, II3.
Atilia, 44.

Atopodonta, 6.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA. 1G

Atractotrema, 21.

Aturia, 58.

Atys, 54.

Auricula, 56.

Auricula, see Actzon,
Ringicula, Traliopsis.

Aurinia, 47.

Austrofusus, 45.

Avicula, 17, 63.

Avicula, see Aviculovulsa.

Aviculoperna, 18.

Aviculovulsa, 18.

Axinzea, 15, 63, I14.

Axinus, Io.

A zara, see Bicorbula.

Liocarenus,

Babylonella, 50.

Balanocochlis, 34.

Barbatia, 15, 63.

Barnea, I.

Basilissa, 23.

Basterotia, 8, 62.

Batillaria, 41, III, 115.

Bathytoma, 51, I13.

Baudonia, see Eulimella.

Bayania, 35, 65, IIS.

Bela, 51.

Beloptera, 58.

Belopterina, 58.

Belosepia, 58.

Berellaia, 30.

Bernayia, 42.

Bernayia, see Parvicorbis.

Berthelinia, 18.

Bezanconia, 38.

Bicorbula, 2.

Bifidoscala, 26.

Lifrontza, see Homalaxis.

Bithinella, 31.

Bithinia, 31, 65.

Lithinia, see Acrophlyctis, Assiminea,
Balanocochlis, Bithinella, Hydrobia,
Lacuna, Lapparentia, Stenothyra,
Tomichia.

Bittium, 38. 66.

Borsonia, 50.

Bouryia, 34.

Boutillieria, 22.

Brachidontes, 17,

Brachydontes, see Brachidontes.

Brachyspira, 57.

Brachyspira, see Succinzea.

Brachytrema, 37, 65.

Buccinanops, 44.

Buccinanops, see Douvilleia.

Buccinofusus, 47.

Buccinofusus, see Ptychatractus.

Buccinum, see Cominella, Crypto-
chorda, Douvilleia, Lzvibuccinum,
Liomesus, Murex, Sipho, Tritonidea.

Buchozia, 51.
Bulimnzea, 55.
Bulimulus, 57.
Bulimus, 57.

Buiimus, see Rillyia.
Bulla, 54, 68.

Bulla, see Atys, Bullinella, Scaphander.
Bullia, 44.

Bullina, see Tornatina.
Bullinella, 54, 68, 111.
Byssocardium, 9.
Lythinia, see Bithinia.

Czecum, 35, 65.

Cepatia, see Cepatia.

Calliomphalus, 22.

Calliostoma, 23.

Callista, 6, 62.

Calyptrzea, 30, 65.

Campanile, 38.

Canaliscala, 27.

Cancellaria, 49, 66, 115.

Cantharus, 44.

Capiluna, 21, III.

Capsa, see Asaphinella.

Capulus, 29, 65.

Capulus, see Plesiothyreus,

Cardilia, 3.

Cardita, 14, 63.

Cardita, see Anisocardia, Glans, Goos-
sensia, Venericardia.

Cardium, 8, 62.

Cardium, see Papyridea.

Caryatis, see Pitar.

Carychiopsis, 56.

Carychium, 56.

Cassidaria, see Mcrio.

Cassidula, see Auricula.

Cassis, 42.

Cavilabium, 33.

Cavilucina, I1.

CEPHALOPODA, 58.

Cepatia, 28.

Ceratia, 32, 115.

Ceres, 24.

Cerithiella, 39, 66, III.

Cerithioderma, 36, IIT.

Cerithiolum, see Bittium.

Cerithiopsis, 38.

Cerithiscala, 27.

Cerithium, 37, 65, IIo.

Cerithium, see Bittium, Brachytrema,
Cerithiella, Cerithiopsis, Fastigiella,

Faunus, Orthochetus, Potamides,
Sandbergeria, Semisinus, Teleos-
toma, Triforis, Trypanaxis.

Chama, 9.

Chelotia, 21.
Chemnitzia, see Pseudomelania, Tur-
bonilla.

118 INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLILUSCA.

Chenopus, see Aporrhais.
Chevallieria, 32, 115.
Chionella, 6.

Chiton, 20, 64.
Chlamys, 18, 63.
Cincinna, 30.

Cinctella, 39.

Cioniscus, see Aclis.
Circe, 7.

Circuloscala, 26.
Cirsochilus, 23.
Cirsope, 34.
Cirsotrema, 26.
Clanculus, 22.
Clausilia, 57.
Clavagella, 1.

Clavella, see Clavilithes.
Clavilithes, 46.
Clementia, 7.

Cleodora, see Euchilotheca.

Closia, 49.

Cnisma, 15.
Coeliaxis, 57.
Colina, 39.
Collonia, 23, 114.
Columbella, 44, 66.
Columbellisipho, 45.
Colubraria, 43, 112.
Columna, 57.
Cominella, 44, 66.
Coniscala, 26.
Conomitra, 47.
Conorbis, 50.

Conus, 50, 67,
Conus, see Conorbis,
Coptochetus, 45.
Coptostylus, 34.
Coralliophaga, 8.
Corbicula, 7, 62, 112.
Corbis, Io.

Corbula, 2, 61, 114.
Corbulomya, 2, 61.
Cossmannia, 32, III.
Craspedopoma 30.
Crassatella, 13, 63, I14.
Crassiscala, 27.
Crassispira, 52.
Crenella, 17, 63.
Crenilabium, 53.
Crepidula, 30.
Creseis, see Euchilotheca.
Crisposcala, 26.
Crommium, 29

Crucibulum, see Mitrularia.

Cryptochorda, 47.
Cryptoconus, 50
Cryptodon, see Axinus.
Cryptospira, 48.
Cucullza, 16.
Cucullaria, 16.

Cultellus, 1.

Cultellus, see Ensiculus.

Cuneocorbula, 3.

Cuspidaria, 3, 61.

Cyelas, see Divaricella, Sphzerium.

Cyclomolops, 42.

Cyclophorus, see Leptopoma.

Cyclostoma, see Dissostoma, Euchilus,
Hartmannia, Pomatias.

Cyclostrema, 21.

Cyclotellina, 4.

Cylichna, see Bullinella.

Cylindrella, see Distzectria.

Cymenorytis, 29.

Cyniscella, 23.

Cypreea, 42, 66.

Cypreedia, 42.

Cypricardia, see Anisocardia, Coralli-
ophaga.

Cyprina, see Arctica.

Cyrbasia, 39, I12.

Cyrena, 7.

Cyrena, see Corbicula.

Cyrtochetus, 45.

Cytherea, see Meretrix, Sunetta.

Danilia, 22, III.

Delphinula, 22, 64.

Delphinula, see Boutillieria, Collonia,
Gibbula.

Dentalium, 20, 64.

Dentilucina, 11, 63.

Dentiscala, 27.

Deshayesia, 64.

Dialopsis, 32.

Dialytostoma, 29.

Diameza, 42.

Diaphana, 54.

Diastictus, see Cossmannia.

Diastoma, 38, 66.

Dieretostoma, 31.

Dimorphoptychia, 24.

Diplodonta, ro.

Diplodonta, see Mysia.

Diptychus, 25.

Dischides, 20.

Discobasis, 25.

Discohelix, 33.

Discors, 9.

Disculus, 33.

Dissochilus, 34.

Dissostoma, 30, ITI.

Distzectria, 57, I14.

Divaricardium, see Discors.

Divaricella, 12, 63, 112.

Divarikellya, see Divarikellyia.

Divarikellyia, 13.

Dolichotoma, see Bathytoma,

Dollfusia, 7.

Donacopsis, 7.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA.

Donax, 5, 62.

Donax, see Donacopsis.

Dosiniopsis, 7.

Douvilleia, 54.

Dreissenia, see Dreissensia, Mytilus,
Septifer.

Dreissensia, 17.

Drillia, 52.

Ecrobia, 31.

Ectinochilus, 41.

Egerella, 4.

L£geria, see Egerella,

Egouena, 48.

Lligmostoma, see Heligmostoma,

Elliptotellina, 4.

Emarginula, 21, 64.

Endomargarus, 3.

Endopachychilus, 44.

Engina, 66.

Enoplochiton, 20.

Ensiculus, 1, 61.

Entalis, 20.

Entomella, 21.

Entomope, 34.

Eoatlanta, 53.

Eocithara, 49.

Eopleurotoma, 52.

Lopsephea, see Eopsephia.

Eopsephia, 47.

Epalxis, 51.

Epheria, 33.

Epetrium, 39, I12.

LE pidromus, see Colubraria.

Erato, 42.

Erato, see Marginella.

Eratopsis, 42.

Erycina, 12.

Erycina, see Anomalokellyia, Divart-
kellyia, Planikellyia.

Escharella, see Micreschara,

Etallonia, see Bela.

Euchilotheca, 35.

Euchilus, see Tomichia.

Eucyclus, 23, I14.

Eudora, see Steganomphalus.

Eulima, 25, 64.

Eulimella 25, 64.

Eumargarita, 22.

Eunaticina, 28.

Eupera, 8.

Euspira, 29.

Euthria, 45.

Eutrochus, 23.

Exechestoma, 40.

Fabagella, 3.
Fastigiella, 38.
Faunus, 34.
Ficula, see Pirula.

119

Fimbria, see Corbis.

Fissurella, 21, I14.

Fissurellidea, 21.

Fistulana, see Gastrocheena.

Flemingia, 32

Foratiscala, 27.

Fortista, see Liocarenus.

Fossarus, see Dialytostoma.

Fossularca, 16.

Fragum, g.

Fulcrella, 8.

Fusimitra, 47.

Fustiaria, 20.

Fusus, 47, 66, I10.

Fusus, see Clavilithes, Cominella,
Euthria, Latirofusus, Latirus, May-
eria, Melongena, Murex, Semifusus,
Siphonalia, Strepsidura, Streptoche-
tus, Suessionia, Sycum, Tritonidea.

Gadinia, 55.

Gadus, see Siphonodentalium.
Galeodina, 32.

Gari, 5.

Gastrana, 4.
Gastrochzena, I, 61
GASTROPODA, 29, 64.
Gegania, see Tuba.

Genea, see Andonia.
Genotia, 51.

Gervilleia, 18.

Gervillia, see Gervilleia.
Gibbula, 22.

Gilbertia, 56.

Gisortia, 42.

Gladius, see Rostellaria.
Glandina, 56.

Glans, 14.

G/osularia, see Ampullina.
Glossus, 8.

Glycimeris, see Glycymeris.
Glycymeris, 2, 61.

Glyphis, see Capiluna.
Goodallia, 14.
Goodalliopsis, 13.
Goossensia, 14.
Grandipatula, 57.
Granulolabium, 41, 66.
Gutturnium, see Ranularia.
Gymnoplax, see Chiton.
Gyrorbis, see Valvata.

Hadriania, 44.
Haliphcebus, 29.
Harpa, 49.

Harpula, 48.
Hartmannia, 30, III.
Flelcion, see Helcyon.
Helcyon, 20.

Flelicites, see Planorbis.

I20

Heligmostoma, 36.

Helisoma, 55.

fTlelisoma, see Planorbis.

Helix, 56, 70.

flelix, see Ariophanta.

Hemiconus, 50.

Hemipleurotoma. 51.

Flemiplicatula, see Semiplicatula,

Flemisinus, see Semisinus.

Here, 11.

Herouvalia, 5, 62, 114.

Heteropholas, 1.

fleteropholus, see Heteropholas.

FTindsia, see Hindsiella.

Hindsiella, 12.

Flippagus, see Kellyella.

Hippochrenes, qr.

Hipponyx, 30.

Homalaxis, 33.

Homalina, 5.

Hlomotoma, see Peratotoma.

Hydrobia, By sk

ffydroéia, see Assiminea,
Lapparentia, Nystia,
Tomichia.

Bithinella,
Stenothyra,

/nfundibulum, see Calyptrzea.
Ischnodactylus, see Arceodactylus.
Lsocardia, see Chama.

Isodoma, 7.

/sodoma, see Mactra.

Isthmia, 57.

Jagonia, 63.
Jouannetia, 1, 61.

Keilostoma, see Paryphostoma.
Kellya, see Kellyia.

Kellyia, 12, 63.

Kellyella, 13.

Lacuna, 33, 65, I15.
Lacuna, see Micreschara,
Lacunaria, 29.
Lacunella, 34.
Lacunodon 34, 115.
Lacunoptyxis. 34.
Lzeocochlis. 39.
Leevibuccinum, 45.
Lzevidentalium, 20.
Lampania, see Batillaria.
Lampusia, 43, 66, III.
Lapparentia, 31.
Lartetia, 31.

Laszea, 13.

Latirofusus, 47.
Latirulus, 46.

Latirus, 46,

Laubriereia, 13, 63.
Leda, see Nuculana.

INDEX ''TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA.

Letostoma, see Sycum
Lepidopleurus, see Chiton.
Lepton, 12, 114.
Leptopoma, 30.
Leptoscapha, 48.
Leptothyra, 23.
Leuconia, 56.
Leucorhynchia, 23.
Leucozonia, 46.

Lima, 18, 63, 112.
Limatula, 18.

Limea, 18.

Limnzea, 55, 69.
Limneus, see Limnza.
Limopsis, 15, 63.
Liocarenus, 54, I13.
Liomesus, 45.

Liotia, 22.

Liotina, 22.

Lissochilus, 24.
Lithocardium, g.
Lithoconus, 50.
Lithodomus, 17, 63.
Lithophagus, see Lithodomus.
Litiopa, 32.
Litiopa, see Entomope.
Littorina, 33.

Littorina, see Cavilabium, Tuba.
Littoriniscala, 27.
Lobantale, 20.

Loripinus, 12, 63.
Lovenella, see Cerithiella.
Loxocardium, g.
Loxoptyxis, 25.

Lucina, 10, 63.

Lucinella, see Divaricella.
Ludovicia, 12.

Luponia, 42.

Lutetia, 13, 63.

Lymnea, see Limnza.
Lyonsia, 3.

Lyonsia, see Endomargarus,
Lyria, 48.

Lyrofusus, 45.

Lyrofusus, see Siphonalia.
Lyropura, 44.

Macaliopsis, 4.
Macromphalina, 29.
Macrophysa, 55.
Macrospira, 34.

Mactra, 2, 61.
Mangilia, 53.
Margarita, see Eumargarita.
Margaritana, 14.
Marginella, 48, 66, 115.
Margineulima, 26,
Marinula, 56.

Martesia, 1, 61.
Mastus, 57.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA, 121

Mathildia, 36, 115.

Mayeria, 46.

Medoriopsis, 34.

Megalomastoma, see Dissostoma, Me-
galomatostoma

Megalomatostoma, 30, III.

Megaspira, 57-

Megatyloma, 22.

Melampus, see Auricula.

Melanatria, 34.

Melania, 34.

Melania, see Bayania, Diastoma, Faunus

Melanoides, 34.

Melanopsis, 34.

Melanopsis, see Faunus.

Mellevilleia, 38.

Melongena, 46.

Menetus, 55.

Mercenaria, 6.

Meretrix, 6, 62.

Mesalia, 35.

Mesostoma, see Cerithioderma.

Metalepsis, see Ogivia.

Metula, 45, 115.

Micrelasma, 56, 113.

Micreschara, 29, IIo.

Micromphalina, 29.

Microtaphrus, 32.

Miltha, ro.

Miodon, 14.

Mitra, 47, 66, 115.

Mitra, see Ptychatractus.

Mitreola, 47.

Mitrularia, 30.

Modiola, 17, 63, 114.

Modiola, see Arcoperna, Lithodomus,
Modiolaria.

Modiolarca, 8.

Modiolarca, see Basterotia.

Modiolaria, 17, 63.

Mera, see Moerella, and 114.

Meerella, 4, III.

Monilea, 22.

Monocirsus, 43.

Monodonta, 22.

Montacuta, 13, II4.

Morio, 43, 66.

Murchisoniella, 25.

Murex, 43, 66.

Murex, see Clavilithes, Cryptoconus,
Fusus, Melongena, Strepsidura, Sy-
cum.

Muricites, see Melanatria.

Muricidea, 43.

Muricopsis, 44.

Myristica, 46.

Mya, see Montacuta.

Mysia, 10, 62.

Mytilus, 16, 63.

Mytilus, see Arcoperna.

Nacella, see Acroria.
Nanina, see Ariophanta.
Nassa, 66.

Narica, 29.

Natica, 28, 64.

Natica, see Ampullina.
Naticina, 28.

Naticima, see Eunaticina.
Nautilus, 59.

Neera, see Cuspidaria.
Nezeroporomya, 3.
Nematura, see Bithinella, Stenothyra,
Nemocardium, 9.
Nerita, 24, 64.

Nerita, see Velates.
Neritina, 24, 64.
Neritopsis, 24, 04.
Neverita, 28.

Niso, 26.

Norrisella, 22.

Norrisia, 22, 114.
Nucinella, 15.

Nucula, 15, 63.
Nuculana, 15, 63.
Nystia, 32.

Obba, 57.

Odontostoma, 24.

Odontostomia, 25, 64.

Odostomia, see Odontostomia,
nola.

Ogivia, 39, 112.

Olwa, see Olivella.

Olivella, 49, 66.

Olivia, see Danilia.

Oligotoma, see Asthenotoma.

Onustus, see Haliphoebus.

Ophicardelus, see Leuconia.

Orbis, see Discohelix.

Orcula, 57.

Orina, 24.

Orthochetus, 40.

Orthochilus, 37.

Orthostoma, see Liocarenus.

Ostrea, 19, 63.

Otaulax, 23.

Oudardia, 5.

Ovula, 42.

Ovula, see Gisortia.

Oxyacrum, 52.

Syr-

Paludestrina, see Hydrobia, Tomichia,
Stenothyra.

Paludina. see Assiminea, Stenothyra,
Tomichia, Viviparus.

Paludinella, see Bithinella.

Paludomus, 34, II5.

Pandora, 3.

Panopea, see Glycymeris.

Papyridea, 9.

22 INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA.

Parascutum, 55, 110.

Parisiella, 14.

Parmophorus, see Capulus, Scutum,

Parvicorbis, Io, 114.

Parviscala, 26.

Parvisipho, 45.

Paryphostoma, 32.

Passya, 12.

Patella, 20.

Pecten, see Chlamys.

Pectuncularia, see Limopsis.

Pectunculus, see Axinzea.

Pedipes, see Traliopsis, Marinula.

PELECYPODA, I, 61.

Pella, see Acanthinula.

Peloronta, 24.

Penion, 45.

Peratotoma, 53, I13.

Periaulax, 22.

Peristernia, 46.

Perna, 18, 63.

Peronza, 4.

Phzedusa, 57.

Phasianella, 23.

Philine, 54.

Phlyctenia, see Phlyctis.

Phlyctis, 50, 113.

Pholadomya, 3.

Phorculus, 22.

Phorus, see Xenophora.

Physa, 55.

Pinna, 17, 63.

Pileolus, see Tomostoma

Pileopsis, see Capulus, Hipponyx.

Pirena, see Faunus.

Pirenopsis, 34.

Pirula, 42.

Pirula, see Sycum.

Pisanella, 46.

Pisania, 45.

Pistdium, see Sphzerium.

Bitar 6, 62) 012:

Placuna, see >emiplicatula,

Plagiarca, 16.

Plagiocardium, g.

Planaxis, 37.

Plantkellya, see Planikellyia.

Planikellyia, 13.

Planimodiola, 17.

Planorbis, 55, 70.

Planorbis, see Valvata.

Platychilus, see Simochilus.

Plesiastarte, 7.

Plesiocerithium, 50.

Plesiothyreus, 30.

Plesiotriton, 43.

Pleuronectia, see Amussium,

Pleurotoma, 51, 67.

Pleurotoma, see Amblyacrum, Astheno-
toma, Bathytoma, Cryptoconus, Dril-

lia, Genotia, Pseudotoma, Ptycha-
tractus, Raphitoma, Trachelochetus.

Pleurotomaria, 21.

Plicatula, 19.

Pliciscala, 26.

Polycirsus, 31.

Pomatias, IIT.

Pomatias, see Hartmannia.

Poromya, see Basterotia, Sportella.

Poronta, see Laszea.

Potamides, 40, 66.

Propeamussium, 18.

Prosthenodon, 33.

Protocardia, 9.

Protocardia, see Nemocardium.

Psammobia, 5 62.

Psammobia, see Scrobiculabra, Soleno-
tellina, Veneritapes.

Psammodonax, 5.

Psathura, 7.

Pseudamussium, 18.

Pseudantalis, see Fustiaria.

Pseudodiloma, 22.

Pseudolatirus, 46.

Pseudoliva, 44.

Pseudomalaxis, 33.

Pseudotaphrus, 32.

Pseudotoma, 50.

PTEROPODA, 60.

Pterostoma, see Teleostoma.

Preronotus, see Triplex.

Ptychatractus, 46.

Pugilina, 46.

Pulsellum, 20.

Pupa, 57, 72. es

Pupa, see Carychium, Clausilia, Isthmia,
Megaspira,

Purpura, see Tritonidea,

Pycnodonta, 19.

Pyramidella, 24.

Pyramidella, see Megaspira, Syrnola.

Pyrazus, 40.

Pyrula, see Pirula.

Pythina, 13.

Pythiopsis, 56.

Pythiopsis, see Auricula.

Pyxipoma, 36.

Quoyza, see Dissochilus.

Radula, see Lima.
Ranularia, 43, III.
Raphitoma, 52.
Raulinia, 65.

Rhapium, see Eulimella.
Rhysota, 56.

Rillyia, 57.

Rimella, 41.

Rimula, 21.

Ringicula, 54, 68.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA.

Risella, 33.

Rissoa, see Nystia,
Rissoia.

Rissoia, 32, 65.

Rissoina, 32, 65.

Rissoina, see Eulima, Pseudotaphrus,

Rocellaria, 1.

Rostellaria, 41, III.

Rostellaria, see Aporrhais, Rimella,
Strombus.

Rotellorbis, 28.

Pseudotaphrus,

Sagdellina, 56.

Saintia, 20

Sandbergeria, 38, 66.

Sassia, 43.

Saxicava, 2, 61.

Scala, 26, 64, 112.

Scalaria, see Acirsa, Canaliscala, Cerithi-
scala, Foratiscala, Mathildia, Scala,
Tenuiscala, and 114.

Scaliola, 36.

Scaphander, 54, 68.

SCAPHOPODA, 20, 64.

Schismope, 21.

Scintilla, 12, 63, 114.

Scissurella, 21, 64.

Scrobiculabra, 4.

Scrobicularia, 4, 114.

Scutulum, see’ Parascutum.

Scutum, 21,

Segmentina, 56.

Sellia, 31.

Semiactzeon, 53.

Semiauricula, 56.

Semifusus, 46.

Semimodiola. 17.

Semiplicatula, 20,

Semisinus, 34.

Semiterebellum, 42,

Semivertagus, 38.

Semperia, 21.

Senectus, 23.

Sepia, 59.

Septifer, 17.

Seraphs, 42.

Seraphs, see Terebellum.

Serpulorbis, 36.

Sigaretopsis, 28.

Sigaretus, 28.

Sigaretus, see Micreschara.

Siliqua, I, 61,

Sthquaria, see Tenagodes.

Simochilus, 22, 112.

Simpulum, 43.

Sipho, 45, 115.

Siphonalia, 45.

Siphonantalis, see Pulsellum,

Siphonaria, 55, I15.

Siphonodentalium, 20.

"23

Sistrum, 44, 66.
Solariella, 22.

Solarium, 32.

Solarium, see Eumargarita.
Solemya, see Solenomya.
Solen, I.

Solen, see Ensiculus.
Solena, I.

Solenocurtus, I.
Solenomya, 13.
Solenotellina, 5.
Soletellina, see Solenotellina.
Solidula, 53.

Sparella, 49.

Spartina, 57, IT3.
Spengleria, I.
Spheerium, 8.

Sphenia, 2, 61, 114.
Spirialis, 60.
Spondylus, 19, 63.
Sportella, 9.
Steganomphalus, 23, 112.
Stenothyra, 31, 65.
Stephanoconus, 50.
Stirpulina, 1.
Stolidoma, 56.
Strebloceras, 35.
Strepsidura, 46.
Streptochetus, 46.
Strobila, 57.

Strobilus, see Strobila.
Strombidea, 41.
Strombus, 41.

Styha, see Epetrium.
Stylifer, 26.
Subemarginula, 21.
Subularia, 25.
Succinzea, 57.
Suessionia, 46.

Sunetta, 7, 14.
Surcula, 51.

Sveltella, 49.

Sycum, 46, 110.
Syndesmya, 3, 61.
Syndosmya, see Syndesmya, and 114.
Syrnola, 24.

Systenope, 53.

Tapes, 5.
Tectariopsis, 23.
Mectus, 22.
Teleostoma, 38, 112.
Telescopium, 41.
Tellina, 4, 61, 114.
Tellina, see Arcopagia, Gari, Homa-
lina, Oudardia.
Tenagodes, 36.
Tenuiscala. 27.
Terebellum, 42.
Terebra, 53.

124

Terebralia, 40, 66.

Teredina, 1.

Teredo, 1.

Textivenus, 6.

Thaumasia, see Spartina.

Thecopsella, 35.

Thesbia, 53.

Thracia, 3, 61.

Thyasira, see Axinus.

Tiarella, see Cyrbasia.

Tinostoma, 21, 64.

Tivelina, 6.

Tomichia, 31, 111.

Tomostoma, 24.

Tonicia, see Chiton.

Tornatella, see Actzeon.

Tornatellza, 53.

Tornatina, 54, 68.

Tortisipho, 45.

Trachelochetus, 51.

Trachycardium, 8.

Trachyschcenium, 39.

Traliopsis, 56.

Transovula, 42.

Trapezium, 8.

Tricolia, 23.

Triforis, 39, 66.

Trigonoceha, see Limopsis, Trinacria.

Trinacria, 15.

Triplex, 43, 111.

Triton. see Columbella, Lampusia.

Tritonidea, 44.

Tritonium, see Lampusia.

Trituba, 39.

Trivia, 42.

Trochiscus, see Norrisia.

Trochitaz, see Calyptrzea.

Trochomorpha, see Helix.

Trochus, 22, 64.

Trochus, see Basilissa, Boutillieria, Cal-
liostoma, Calyptraea, Gibbula, Xeno-
phora.

Truncaria, 44.

Truncatella, 30.

Trypanaxis, 40.

Tuba, 36.

Tudora, see Dissostoma.

Tugurium, 29.

Turbinella, see Latirus.

Turbo, 23, 64.

Turbo, see Boutillieria, Collonia, Gib-
bula, Leptothyra, Norrisia, Scala,
Solariella, Tuba.

Turbonilla, 25, 64.

Turbonilla, see Odontostomia, Syrnola.

Turritella, 35, 65.

Turritella, see Dialopsis, Mesalia.

Tylochilus, 41.

Tympanotomus, 40, 66.

Typhis, 44, 66.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA.

Umbrella, 55.
Unio, 14.
Uxia, 49.

Vaginella, see Euchilotheca.
Vallonia, 57.

Valvata, 30.

Valvata, see Bithinella.
Valvatella, 60.
Valvatina, 60.

Vasconia, see Hindsiella.
Velainia, see Cepatia.
Velates, 24.

Velletia, 55.

Velorita, 7, 62.
Velutina, I14.
Venerella, 6.

Venerupis, see Venus.
Venericardia, 14, 63.
Veneritapes, 5.

Veniella, see Anisocardia.
Venilia, see Anisocardia.
Venus, 5, 62, 114.
Venus, see Anisocardia, Atopodonta.
Vermetus, 36, 65.
Vermicularia, 36.
Vertagus, 38.
Verticordia, 3.

Vertigo, 57.

Vertigo, see Isthmia.
Videna, 57.

Vitrina, 56.

Vitularia, 44.

Viviparus, 30, IIT.
Voluta, 47.

Voluta, see Volutilithes, Volutolyria.
Volutilithes, 48, 66, 112.
Volutocorbis, 48, 112.
Volutolyria, 48.
Volutopsis, 45.
Volutopupa, 48, 112.
Volvaria, 53, 68.
Volvariella, 54.

Voluula, see Volvulella.
Volvulella, 54, III.
Vulpicella, 42.

Vulsella, 18.

Vulsellina, 18,

Wateletia, 42.
Woodia, 14.

Xenophora, 29, 65, IIo.

Zebina, 32.

Zebinella, 32.

Zizyphinus, see Calliostoma
Zonites, 56.

125

GENERAL INDESS

For index to Genera of Mollusca see p. 116.,

Abbecourt, 5, 10, 17, 50, §I.

Actinozoa (see Corals).

Acy-en-Multien, 24, 54.

Aisne, the, 5 ; Quarries of, 20; Valley
of, 10.

Aizy, 55; Horizon of, 12 ; Sands of, Io,
PIS.

Allier, 44.

Alum in Lignites, 9.

Ambleville, 4.

Appendix I., 114; II., 115.

Aquitanian, 35, 43.

Arcueil, 20; Section at, 21, 46, 48.

Argenteuil, 31, 46, 47.

Arthropoda (see Crustacea).

Auteuil, 46.

Auvers, 23, 46, 47; Horizon of, 24;
Section at, 25.

Auversian, 23.

Aves (see Birds).

Avicula-zone of Mortefontaine, 29.

Avize, 34.

Bagneux, 20.

Banc a Verrains, 16, 18.

Banc Royal, 18.

Banc Saint Nom, 15, 16, 19.

Bancs Francs (de Paris), 15, 16, 19, 20.

Bane Vert, 15, 16; 19;

Bartonian, 4.

Bas Palesne, 53.

Beauce, 44; Building stones, 44;
Limestone of, 43, 46; Travertin
of, 43; Vertebrata of Limestone,

44.

Beauchamp, 23, 24, 26, 46,47 ; Horizon
of, 25 ; Section at, 26.

Beaune-la-Rolande, 44.

Beauvais, 5.

Beaux Monts, Les, 3.

Belgium, I, 4 ; Extension of Calcaire
Grossier into, I3.

Belleu Sandstone, 9; plant remains, 9.

Bernon, 54.

essancourt, 30.

Betz, 54.

Beynes, 49.

Billy, 44.

Birds, 58 ; Plastic Clay, 7.

Blois, 44.

Boissy-la-Riviére, 42.

Bonneval, 34.

Bougival, 4.

Bouray, 35, 43.

Bracheux, 50, 51 ; sands of, 5.

Brachiopoda, 60.

Brasles, 10, 54.

Brie, 23, 44 ; Limestone, 34, 36, 37.

Brimont, 6, 55.

Brunehaut, 37.

Bryozoa, 61.

Bry-sur-Marne, 31, 46.

Building materials, 7, 14, 24, 33.

Building stones; Beauce Limestone,
44 ; Calcaire Grossier, 17, 18, 20,
21; Molasse of Etrechy, 38 ;
Ormoy sandstone, 42; Sandstone
of Fontainebleau, 40; Sables
Moyens, 26.

Butte-aux-Clochettes, 51, 52.

Butte d’Orgemont, Section at, 32.

Calcaire de Chateau Landon, 37.

Calcaire de Ducy, 26, 28, 29.

Calcaire de Mons, 4, 5.

Calcaire de Nanteuil, 26, 29.

Calcaire du Gatinais (see Gatinais).

Calcaire Grossier, 8, 13, 18, 20, 47, 48,
49, 50, 53, 57, 59, 60, 61 ; Alge of,
20; Building materials of, 14;
Building stones of, 17, 18, 20, 21 ;
Caillasses of, 14, 16, 19; Calvimon-
tian, 16 ; Classification of, 15, 16 ;
Fish remains of, 20; Flora of, 18,
20; Fluvio-marine, 13; Forami-
nifera of, 15, 17, 19; Fossil zones,
18, 20; Freshwater beds of, 20 ;
Lignite, 20 ; Limits of, 13 ; Marine,
13; Neptodunian, 16; Parnian,
16 ; Vertebrata of, 18, 20, 57, 59.

Calcaire pisolithique, 4.

Calvimontian (see Calcaire Grossier).

Cantal, 44.

Carnelle, 30.

Carrefour, 55, 56.

Carriére St. Denis, 18, 46.

126

Centres from which to study the, Basin—
Cuise, 52 ; Epernay, 54 ; Etampes,
isis Gisors, 49; Grignon, 48 ;
La-Ferté- Sous- -Jouarre, 543 ‘Laon,
55; Mortefontaine, 51 ; Mouchy,
SOReieanis. Mee Pont Sainte Max-
eNncew52i Rheims, 55 Soissons,

2:.
Coma, 55; Conglomerate of, 9; Marl

,9-

Chalk, ia By Oh He

Chalons- -sur-V esle, 5, 6, 55.

ChAalo-Saint-Mars, 42, 43.

Chamarande, 35.

Chambors, 49.

Chamery, 18, 54.

Champigny-sur- Marne, 33, 40.

Champigny Limestone, 46.

Changis, 54.

Chantiily, 18.

Chartres, 14, 34.

Chateau Landon, Limestone of, 37.

Chateau Thierry, 33, 54.

Chatillon, 39.

Chaumont-en-Vexin, 16, 18, 49.

Chauny, 9, 18, 49, 50.

Chenay, 55.

Classification ; Calcaire Grossier, 15, 16,
19; Eocene, 4; Gypsum, 30, 31;
Oligocene, 35; Sables Moyens, 24.

Coelenterata, 61.

Colligny, 54.

Compiégne, 7, 10, 52; Section at, 3.

Concretions ; Tétes de chat, 13.

Conglomerate of Cernay, 9.

Conglomerate of Meudon, 7.

Conglomerate of Nemours, 9

Copperas i in Lignites, 9.

Corals, 61 ; Calcaire Grossier, 16, 17 ;
Sables. Moyens, 25.

Corbeil, 35.

Correlation of Eocenes of England,

Belgium, and Paris Basin, 2.
Cossmann proposes new names, I14.
Céte-St.-Martin, 42, 43, 55, 50.
Courtagnon, 13, 18, 54.

Creil, 17.
Crustacea, 59 ; Sables Moyens, 29.
Guise 77 1525) 5815) sloxizon ol, tan:

Sands of, 10, 53, 115; Section at,

Bh Wiig
Cumiéres, 54.

“ Cyclostoma”’-truncatum-marls, 33.

Damery, 13, 18.

Dreux, 13.

Ducy, Limestone of, 26, 28, 29.
Echinodermata, 60; Calcaire Grossier,
17, 18, 60,

}

GENERAL INDEX.

Ecouen, 34.

Enghien, 46.

Eocene beds, I.

Eocene and Oligocene passage beds, 34.
Eocene, Classification of, 4.

Kocene Mollusca, List of, 64.

Epernay, 9, 10, 14, 23, 54.
Ermenonville, 26, 51, 52.
Ermenonvillian, 23.

Essonne, 33; Section at, 35.

Etampes, 37, 44, 55,56; Marls of, ‘43.
Etrechy, 35, 37, 55, 56; Pebbly sands
4 Gin AO:

Etrepilly, 24.

Eure, 44.

IB WARE, Se

Ezanville, 24.

Falun of Jeurre (see Jeurre).

_ Falun of Pierrefitte (see Pierrefitte).

Faubourg St. Michel, 39.

Fausses glaises, 7, 8

Fay-sous-Bois, 50, 51.

Restieux, 17.

Fishes, 59; Calcaire Grossier, 20,; Falun
of Pierrefitte, 42 ; Sands of Etrechy,
40; Sands of Saclas, 42 ; Sands of
Soissonnais, 13.

Fismes, 55.

Fleurines, 35.

Fleury-la-Riviére, 18, 54.

Flins, 4.

Flints, green-coated, I.

Fluor Spar, 15.

Fontainebleau, 37;
stones of, 39, 57.

Fontenay-aux-Roses, 39.

Fontenay, Sands of, 39.

Foraminifera, 61; Calcaire Grossier,
15, 17, 19; Sables Moyens, 24;
Sands of Soissonnais, 13.

Fossemont, 53.

Fossiliferous Localities, Guide to, 44.

Fossils, How to collect, 45; How to
preserve, 45.

Frépillon, 31, 35, 43, 46.

Sands and sand-

Garonne, 44.

GAatinais, Limestone of, 44 ; Sands of, 44.

Generic names of Mollusca, 110 ; new
names, I12, II4.

Gentilly, 18, 46, 48.

Geological maps, 45.

Germaine, 30, 54.

Gillevoisin, 37.

Gisors, 10, 49.

Givray, 30.

Glaises, 7.

Glauconie inférieure, 5.

Gorge du Han, 53.

GENERAL INDEX.

Green marls, 33, 34, 35.

Grés de Beauchamp, 26.

Grignon, 17, 18, 48 ; Section at, 2

Gypsum and mars, BON 31, 33; ais 46,
57s) Sows Ons Composition Of, oi
Lacustrine, Cig Cbs Marine, ai.
345 Subdivisions of, 30;) 40
Vertebrata of, 33.

Haut Palesne, 53.

Heilles-Mouchy, 50.

Helix-limestone of the Orléannais, 44.
Herblay, 26, 31, 46.

Hérouval, 49, 50 ; Section at, 12.
Horizon of Auvers, 24.

Horizon of Beauchamp, 25, 28.

Horizon of Mortefontaine, 26.

Houdan, 13, 34, 48, 49.

Hydrozosa, 61.

Inclination of Tertiaries, I.
Infragypseous marls, 31.
Issy, 17, 18, 20, 46, 47 ; Section at, 8.

Jeurre, 55, 56; Falun of, 38 ; Section
at, 38.

Jonchery, 6, 55.

Juine, 33.

Kilométre, English equivalent of, 45.

La Chapelle-en-Serval, 24, 51, 52;
Section at, 28.

Lacustrine gypsum (see Gypsum beds).

La Faloise, 4.

La Fére, 55: ssoands of, 5. 55.

La Ferme de I’ Orme, 48.

La Férte Alais, 35, 43, 44.

La-Ferté-sous-Jouarre, 37, 54.

La-Frette-sous-Cormeilles, 30, 46.

La Frileuse, 48.

La Glaciére, 18.

Lakes in Calcaire Grossier,
existence of, 13, 14.

Lambourdes, 15, 18.

Laon, 10, 17, 55.

La Pisselotte, 53.

Lardy, 43.

Laversine, 4.

Le Fayel, 49.

Le Guépelle, 24, 26, 51, 52
2

Former

; Section at,

29
Le Ruel, 49, 50.
Le Vivray, 13, 49.
Le Vouast, 50.

Liais, 20.

Liancourt-St.-Pierre,
at, 12.

Lignite, 20.

17, 49; Section

127

Lignites of the Soissonnais, 6, 8, 9, Io,
52, 54, 55, 59-

Ligurian, 4.

Limestone of
Limestone).

Limestone (and Meuliére) of Brie (see
Brie Limestone).

Limestone of Champigny, 33, 46.

Limestone, Pisolitic, 4, 48, 54.

Limestone of Rilly, 55.

Limestone of St. Quen, 29, 46, 49, 54,
55; Road metal, 30.

L’'Isle Adam, 17.

Lisy-sur-Ourcq, 54.

Lizy, 24.

Loire, 44; Miocene of the, 34.

Louvres, 24.

Ludes, 31.

Lutetian, 4.

Beauce (see Beauce

Magny, 30, 49.

Maisse, 43.

Mammals, 57; Beauce limestone, 44 ;
Calcaire Grossier, 20; Gypsum,

30, 32, 33; Lignites, 57; Marl of
Cernay, 9; Pebbly sands_ of
Etrechy, 40 ; Plastic clay, 7, 57.

Mantes, 34.

Maps, Topographical and Geological,
45.

Marines, 49.

Marl of Cernay, 9.

Marls of Etampes (see Etampes).

Marls, Gypsum, 30; Subdivisions of,

30, 31,

Marls, Infragypseous, 31.

Marls of Meudon, 5, 7, 46.

Marls of Nanterre, 15, 19, 22, 46.

Marls, Supragypseous, 33, 34.

Marne Vert (see Green Marls).

Mary, 24.

Massy, 37.

Maudunian, 4.

Meaux, 34.

Méréyville, 42.

Méry-sur-Oise, 18, 24, 29, 30, 33, 46, 47.

Meudon, 3, 4, 46, 47; Conglomerate,
7, 58,59; Marls of, 5, 7, 46.

Meuliére, 30.

Meuliéres de Montmorency, 43.

Meuliéres, described, 36.

Miocene of the Loire, 34.

Moiselles, 24.

Molasse of Etrechy, 37.

Mollusca, 59; Index to Genera, 116 ;
List of, 64.; Notes on List, r1o.

Molluscoidea, 60.

Molinchart, 9.

Monceaux, 30; Green sands of, 31, 34.

Montagny, 49.

128 GENERAL INDEX.

Mont Aimé, 4, 54.

Montainville, 4, 48, 49.

Montargis, 34, 44.

Mont de Berru, 9.

Mont de Brimont, 9.

Montereau, 4, 9, 13, 34.

Montfort !Amaury, 33.

Mont Ganelon, 17.

Montigny, 31, 46.

Montjavoult, 49, 50.

Montmartre, 30, 31, 33,37, 46 3 Section
at, 3.

Montmirail, 13, 54.

Montmorency, 30, 46.

Montmorency, Meuliéres of, 43.
Montrouge, 18, 46.

Montsouris, 18.

Morfontian, 23.

Morienval, 53.

Morigny,'55, 56; Sands at, 39.
Mortefontaine, 23, 24, 28, 29, 51, 52;
Avicula-zone, 29 ; Horizon of, 26.
Mottled Clays, 7.

Mouchy, 18, 50, 51.

Moulin du Voujouan, 42.
Moulinveau, 42.

Mouy, 50, 51.

Nanterre, 16, 18, 20, 46 ; Marls of, 15,
TOW 224 OF

Nanteuil-la-Fosse, 54.
Nanteuil-le-Haudouin, 54.
Nanteuil, Limestone of, 26, 29.
Nanteuil-sur-Marne, 54.

Nemours, Conglomerate of, 9.
Neptodunian, Calcaire Grossier, 16,
Neuilly, 14, 18, 39.
Neuilly-en-Vexin, 37.

Noailles, 5, 50, 51.

Nogent-le-Roi, 34.

Noisy-le-Sec, 37.

Nummulitic Sands, 9.

Oise, 6, 18.
Oligocene, 34, 40, 42,59; Classification
of, 35; List of Mollusca, 102.
Oligocene and Eocene passage beds, 34.

Ore 33.

Orléannais Limestone, 44.

Ormoy, 42, 43, 55,56; Sands of, 42.
Ostrea-marls and molasse of Etrechy,

37-

Pain d’Epice, 22.

Pain de Prussien, 8. °

Paleeeocene series, 4.
Paleontology, 57.

Palaiseau, 13, 37.

Pantin, 37, 46.

Paris, 13, 30, 36; Section under, 3.

Parisian, 4.

Parnes, 16, 18, 49, 50.

Parnian, Calcaire Grossier, 16.

Passy, 20.

Paving-setts of the Sables Moyens, 24.

Pebbly sands of Etrechy (see Etrechy).

Pebbly sands of Saclas (see Saclas).

Petit-Saint-Mars, 42.

Picardy, 5.

Pierre a liards, 11, 12, 17.

Pierre de Lizy, 26.

Pierre de Saint Leu, 16, 17.

Pierrefitte, 38, 55, 56; Falun of, 41;
Section at, 42.

Pierrefonds, 53.

Pisces (see Fishes).

Pisolitic Limestone, 4, 48, 54.

Plant remains, 62; Calcaire Grossier,
18, 20; Lignites, 9; Marls of
Etampes, 43 ; Sables Moyens, 13 ;
Sézanne, 7.

Plastic Clay, 7, 9, 46.

Ponchon, 50, 51.

Pontchartrain, 48.

Pont-Sainte-Maxence, 8, 17, 18, 52.

Porcelain, Manufacture of, 9.

Potassic silicate, 45.

Protozoa, 61.

Provins, 14, 20, 30, 33.

Puteaux, 18.

Quarries, of the Aisne, 20 ; Saint Denis,
20 (see Building stones).

Reading, plastic clay, 7.

Reptiles, 58; Gypsum, 58; Plastic
clay, 7, 58; Sables de Cuise, 58 ;
Sables Moyens, 58.

Rheims, 6, 9, I0, 30, 55.

Rilly, 9; Marl, 6; Limestone, 6, 55 ;
Section at, 6.

Road Metal, 30; of Sables Moyens, 24.

Roche (de Paris), 15, 16, 19, 20.

Roche des Forgets, 17.

Roche-du-bas, 20.

Roche-du haut, 20.

Rochette, 15, 16, 19, 22.

Romainville, 33, 39, 46.

Roziéres, Les, 54.

Sables d’Aizy, Io.

Sables de Beauchamp, 23, 26, 34.

Sables de Cuise, 10, 17, 53.

Sables Inférieurs, 50, 55, 57.

Sables Moyens, 23, 46, 49 51, 54, 59,
60; Cumposition of, 24; General
references to, 29 ; Paving-setts of,
24; Road metal of, 24; Subdivi-
sions of, 24.

Sables Supérieurs, 48, 55.

,

GENERAL INDEX.

Saclas, 42 ; Pebbly sands of, 42.

Sainceny (see Sinceny).

Saint Denis Quarries, 20.

Sands of Bracheux, 5.

Sands (and sandstones) of Fontaine-
bleau (see Fontainebleau).

Sands of Fontenay (see Fontenay
Sands).

Sands of La Fére, 5, 55.

Sands of Gatinais (see Gatinais).

Sands of Morigny (see Morigny).

Sands of Ormoy (see Ormoy).

Sands of Sinceny, 9.

Sands of the Soissonnais, 9, I0, 13, 49,
58, 59, 61, 115; Foraminifera of,
13; Littoral origin of, 12; Plant
remains of, 13 ; Vertebrata of, 13.

Sands of Vauroux (see Vauroux).

Sands of Visigneux, II5.

Sandstone of Beauchamp, 25.

Sannois, 30, 37, 46.

Sarron, 8,9, 52.

Sartrouville, 46.

Sceaux, 37.

Sections :—Arceuil, 21; Auvers, 25 ;
Banc Vert, 19; Beauchamp, 26;
Butte d’Orgemont, 32 ; Compiégne
to Cuise, 3; Cuise-la-Motte, 11;
Essonnes, 35 ; Grignon, 22; Herou-
Waleeet2); alssy Os Neurmey 25.
La Chapelle-en-Serval, 28; Le
Guépelle, 29; Liancourt, 12;
Pierrefitte, 42; Rillv,6; Sinceny,
Io; St. Phalier, 40; Tertiary beds
under Paris, 3; Vaugirard to
Meudon, 47; Vauroux, 41; Ver,
27; Vintué, 36.

Seine-et-Marne, 20.

Senlis, 20, 51, 52.

Sermiers, 54.

Sézanne, 7, 34.

Shark’s teeth, Bed containing, 12, 17.

Sinceny, 55; Sands of, 9; Section at,
Io.

HISSONS OQ) LOT. ST. 52. 53.
Soissonnais, 7; Lignites of, 8; Sands
of, 9, 10, 13, 49, 58, 59; 61, ee

Somme, 6

Sparnacian, 4.

St. Christophe, 53.

St. Christophe-en-Hallatte, 39.

St. Denis, 7 ; Carriére, 46.

Sis Helx SO) Sr.

Saint+Hilaire, 42, 43.

Saint-Jacques, 18,

St. Marc, 44.

St. Martin, Céte (see Céte-St.-Martin).

St. Ouen, 46 ; Limestone, 26, 29, 34,
46, 49, 54, $5, 59; Road metal, 30.

St. Phalier, 39; Section at, 40.

St. Sulpice, 5r.

129

St Sulpice (near Ver), 51, 52.

Suessionian, 4.

Supragypseous marls, 33, 34.

Survilliers, 51.

Tancrou, 54.
Tardenois, 33.

Tertiary Beds, Limits of, De:

of, I.

Tétes de chat, 13, 53.

Thiverval, 48.
Tongrian, 35, 43.

Topographical Maps, 45.

Toussicourt, 55.
Travertine, 7.

Travertin de Beauce, 43.

Travertin Inférieur, 29.

Travertin Moyen, 35.
Travertin Supérieur, 33, 43.

Trosly-Breuil, 53
Tufeau de Ciply, 4.

Ully-St.-Georges, 50.

Wircelns5-

Valnay, 43.
Valois, 44.

Valmondois, 30, 46, 47.

Vandeuil, 9.
Vandouleurs, 42.
Vaudancourt, 49.

; Inclination

Vaugirard, 17, 18, 20, 46, 47.

Vauroux, 42 ; Sands of, 41 ;

4.
Vauvert, 42.
Vendrest, 54.

Section at,

Ver, 26, 51, 52 ; Section near, 27.

Vergelés, 18.
Verneuil, 23, 26.
Versailles, 39.
Vertebrata, 57.
Vert Franc, 35.
Vertus, 4, 54.
Verzy, 34.
Vexin, 23, 44.
Vigny, 4.

Ville d’Avray, 37.
Villenauxe, 34.

Villeneuve St. Georges, 13.
5S ?

Ville-en-Tardenois, 34.

Villeparisis, 33, 37, 46

Vintué, Section at,
Etrechy at, 37.
Visigneux, II5.

Water Glass, 45.

36 ;

Molasse of

Woolwich and Reading Series, 5.

_ Ypresian, 4.

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