UC-NRLF
B M D17 M77
GIFT OF
MICHAEL REESE
Kun Respektega Dankemo Al nia Komuna Althonorinda
Majstro Doktoro L. Zamenhof
ESPERANTO-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
l-.V
A. MOTTEAU, F.B.E.A.
Diplomito de la S. P. P. Esperanto,
Tradiikinto dela Ventego, Siklinifas pur Venki. k.t.o.
THIRD EDITION
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Kun Respektega Dankemo Al nia Komuna Althonorinda
Majstro Doktoro L. Zamenhof
ESPERANTO-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
BY
A. MOTTEAU, F.B.E.A.,
Diplomito de la S. P. P. Esperanto,
Tradukinto dela Ventego, Siklinigas por Venki, k.t.p.
THIRD EDITION
CAREFULLY REVISED AND ENLARGED
LONDON
*REVIEW OF REVIEWS' OFFICE
MOWBRAY HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, W.C
HACHETTE AND COMPANY
l8 KING WILLIAM STjRTiET, ckARING^I\OSS-, W.C.
AU I'ighi^ .-^stfi'td^
1907
AL ĜIUJ SINDONAJ
KUNLABORANTAJ AMIKOJ
TRA LA TUTMONDA ESPERANTISTARO
KAJ
AL LA PIONIRO DE NIA KARA LINGVO
EN GRANDA-BRITUJO
Sro JOZEFO RHODES
TIUN ĈI DUAlsr ELDONON
TUTKORE DEDICAS LA AŬTORO
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
This work is an attempt to provide for English-
speaking students a fuller Esperanto English Dictionary
than Mr. R, H. Geoghegan's excellent little handbook,
or even Dr. Zamenhof's Universala Vortaro could
possibly offer within their limited compass. Based
necessarily upon the Universala Vortaro with the help
of the Plena Vortaro (Russian- Esperanto) and embody-
ing to a large extent many of the excellent features of
M. de Beaufront's Dktionnaire Esperanto- Frangais, the
present work will, it is hoped, greatly assist the learner
in the proper use and formation of derivative words, —
wherein the auxiliary International Language is so
copious — and will guide him in the selection of the
form best suited to express his meaning.
The compiler has done his work conscientiously and
well, and what he has accomplished entitles him to
the gratitude of all who are now studying and pro-
pagating Esperanto, or who will hereafter approach it
through the medium of the English language.
The work contains, in addition to the root-words
upon which Dr. Zamenhof, our common master, so
ingeniously founded his system, many of their deriva-
tives. But, indeed, such is the wealth of the language,
made available to all by the use of affixes (each of
which will be found in its due alphabetic place) that
the book might easily have been made more bulky.
For instance, the word akurata, accurate, might be
reinforced by the following : akuratĉ, accurately ;
iii
285766
IT PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
sikaiBiteco, accuracy, etc. And out of the single root
Sana, healthy, about fifty words may be formed.
Attention is called to the following points : —
(1) The part of the word in thicker type is the root-
idea, to which the proper grammatical ending has to
be added.
(2) Words preceded by an asterisk {'^) do not need
any termination; they are primary words and are
complete in themselves. However, they adopt a term-
ination, like other root-words, and can be made, when
required, nouns, adjectives, verbs, or adverbs, by adding
to them one of terminations, o, n, i, e. Ex. : antaŭ,
before ; ancaŭa, preinous ; antaŭe, previously.
(3) In the formation of compound words, two or
more roots or elements may be joined together, and
a grammatical termination added. To assist easy
articulation, the grammatical ending of the mediate
word may be left between ; thus : poŝtkarto, or
poŝtokarto, post-cai-d. If the words are used separately,
then one of them must, of course, be an adjective :
poŝta karto.
The Dictionary might also have been easily swollen
by the inclusion of many more extraneous words
which, in slightly altered spelling, have already be-
come quite international. Such words are to be
treated like teatro, theatre ; centro, centre. Ex. :
teatra, theatrical; centra, central, etc., etc.
May the new work do much to assist the ■ English-
speaking peoples to appreciate more and more fully
the value of the new means of international com-
munication in which they are now beginning to
manifest an interest !
JOSEPH RHODES, F.J.I., F.B.E.A.
Diplomito de S.p.j^. E.
Vice- President of the British UsjK'ranto Association.
President of the Esperanto Society, Keighley.
PREFACE TO PRESENT EDITION
This Second. Edition of the Esperanto-English Diction
ary has been carefully revised and enlarged, and, with
a view to its improvement, many works, published
since the First Edition was issued, have, at great cost
of time and labour, been consulted and compared.
Amongst others must be specially mentioned
Fondamenta Kresiamatio, Bictionnaire Esperanto- Frangais,
Vocabulaire Francis-Esperanto, Esperanto-Svensh Ordbok,
and Vocahulario Esperanto- Espanol.
For the many valuable hints and indispensable helps
derived from the above sources, the compiler begs to
tender his heart-felt thanks to the following devoted
champions of, and workers in, our cause ; Dr. Louis
Zamenhof, Messrs. Louis de Beaufront, Th. Cart, Merck-
ens and P. Berthelot (France) ; P. Ahlherg (Sweden),
and S^^^ Lnglada and Villanueva (Spain).
Also to all true friends of the Esperantist idea who
have generously proffered their disinterested help.
Any further suggestions or advice that might contri-
bute to the perfecting of future Editions, if required,
and make the Dictionary more and more useful and
acceptable to our great English-speaking communities,
will be duly weighed and considered, and may be for-
warded to the publishers.
While engaged in the j^reparation of this edition the
author was seized with a painful disease, and before he
had completed the revision of his proofs Mr. Motteau
passed away. With a i^lucky devotion to the cause of
Esperanto^ which he had so much at heart, Mr, Motteau
struggled hard to complete his task, but it was not to be.
The last proofs have been revised by one of the author's
colleagues.
HOW TO USE
THE ESPERANTO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
It is of the utmost importance that particular attention be
paid to the root-meauing of each word.
The first thing to be ascertained when you meet a word in
this dictionary is what termination is given to it (whether
-a, -0, or -i).
The ending a|^^^^J^^^ ^°°*"}adjectiyal : kara. dear.
The ending -o ,, substantival: domo, house.
The ending -i ,, verbal : vid-t, to see.
{A) From an adjective root (bela, fine, beautiful) you can form
a noun (beleco, beauty), verbs (beliyi, to embellish),
(belj^i, to become fine), an adverb (bele, finely), etc.
(O) 'Etotd. a, substantive root (patro, father), you can form (patra,
paternal), (patre, paternally), also patrmo, mother),
patrma, maternal), patnn«, maternally).
(/) From a verbal root (armt, to arm) you can form (arm»7o,
weapon), (armi7e;o, arsenal), (armo^o, armour), (ann»7-
/aristo, gunsmith), etc.
activ.
adj.
adv.
anat.
archit.
arithm,
astr.
bot.
chem.
conj.
eccl.
dedr.
/.
fvi.
geog,
gecl.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
represents the
geom.
geometry.
neut.
neuter.
repetition of
gram.
grammar.
olj.
object, objec-
the root.
inst.
instrument.
tive.
actively.
intrans.
intransi-
opp.
opposition
(in) to.
adjective.
tively.
adverb.
leg.
legal term.
phil.
philosophy.
anatomy.
lU.
literally.
phys.
physics.
architecture.
m.
masculine.
pi.
plural.
arithmetic.
vMthem.
mathematics.
prof.
professional.
astronomy,
botany.
med.,
medic.
j- medical term.
pros,
relig.
prosody,
religious
chemistry.
mil.
military.
term.
conjunction.
min.
mining,
se.
science.
ecclesiastic.
mineralogy.
sing.
singular.
electricity.
mus.
music.
subj.
subject.
feminine.
mythol.
mythology.
subst.
substantive.
future.
nat. his
t. natural
trans.
transitive
geography.
history.
verb.
geology.
naut. ,
\ nautical,
J navy.
V. a.
active verb.
nav.
V. n.
neuter verb.
ESPERANTO-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
EXPLANATORY NOTES
The Figures in parentheses found in a few instances in the
dictionary refer to the following explanatory notes.
(1) The suffix -ad-. Remember that this suffix represents
habitual practice and not momentaneous action. For instance
if we wish to express the faculties of thought, will, touch,
hearing, smelling, tasting, feeling, etc., we may say ^e??6'|ad|o,
i;o^|ad|o, palp\d,Ĝ.\o, aŭd\a,d\o, flar\didi\o, gust\d>.Ĝ\o, sent\a.6\o, etc.,
but for an isolated act of such ifaculties, pens\o, vol\o, palp\o,
aŭd\o, flar\o, gust\o, sent\o, etc.
La el\pens\o de Esperant\o tre
help\os la hom\a\Ti pro-
grre.sjad|o|n.
La fer^-|ad|o de tiu ci lo)ig\a
verk\o mi\n midt\e lac\ig\as.
The invention of Esperanto will
greatly help human progress
(general sense).
The composition of this long
work much fatigues me.
*:^* Sometimes art-o is used as a suffix instead of adjo.
Ex. : t/a7ic|ad|o, or c^anc|art[o(the art of dancing) ; lanl\'a.Ĝ.\o, or
kant\zx\,\o (the art of singing), etc.
(2) The suffixes -ec- and -aj- must be carefully distinguished.
•60- (suffix) shows the abstract quality or state of the root
idea : — amik\o, friend ; amik\ec\o, friendship ; inir\a, clean,
pure; pur\e,c\o, purity, cleanliness.
-a]- (suffix) expresses concrete result, what is made of, or out
of, the root meaning : kresk\i, to grow ; kresk\Si]\o, a growth, a
plant ; ramp\i, to crawl ; rawp|aĵ|o, a reptile, a creeping thing ;
hov\o, ox ; hov\ii]\o, beef.
(3) Difference between de and da.
The preposition de expresses possession, use, source, and
also determines the complement of the passive (if it be the
doer). Ex. : La plum\o de Mari\o ; glas\o de vin\o, wineglass ;
de ti\o ci mipensas ke . . ., from this / think that, etc.
The preposition da must be used (instead of de) when a noun
or adverb of measure, weight, or quantity precedes the com-
plement, the latter being naturally in the nominative. Ex. :
glas\o da, akv\o, glass o/' water ; niank\o dsitemp\o, want o/time;
A
EXPLANATORY NOTES
mi aĉet\ls dek\dH\o\n da,fork\oj, I bought a dozen forks ; don\u al
li tas\o\n da te\o, give him a cup o/tea ; cu vi /lavas tas\o\7i de teo,
liave you a tea-cup ?
(4) A qualifying word does not in Esperanto take the ad-
jective ending (in -a) unless the said word clearly refers to a
noun or pronoun duly expressed in the sentence ; in the con-
trary case the adverbial ending -e is used. Ex. : La veter\o
est\as varm\di. hodiaŭ, the weather is warm to-day ; esf\as tre
varm\e hodiaŭ, (it) is very warm to-day.
(5) Example showing difiference between -ig and -ig : Paŭl\o
kaj Mari\o edz\\ĝ\is hieraŭ ; la episkop\o edz\is\is ili\n, Paul and
Mary Avere married yesterday ; the bishop married them.
(6) Do not confound the meanings of -etol- and -ind-.
-ebl- is the suffix of possibility, something not unlikely to be.
-ind- has the meaning of 'worthy of.'
*^* Difference between -ebl- and -ind- : kred\eh\\a, that may
be believed ; kred\md\a, worthy of belief, reliable.
(7) The prefix mal is not to be confounded with a rnere
negation ; it means the exact contraiy of the stem to wliich it
is prefixed.
(8) The accusative -n is not only affixed to direct objects
(whether nouns or pronouns) but also to all adjectives and
delerminative words referring to such direct objects ; even ad-
verbs assume the -n when indicating motion towards, just as
nouns do in the same case. Ex. : Mi vidas la 6ona|n patro\n,
I see the good father ; la patrino a'v.as ?v'|n, the mother loves
you ; li ne havis sia\Q. paJilo\u, he had not his gun ; cu vi vidas
tiuj\^ grizajn bi7'doj\ii? do you see those grey birds? kiu\n vi
reiikonfis? whom did you meet? Mi iras tie\n, I go there ; kie\n
li iras ? whither does he go ? marŝu antaŭe\ji ! march forward !
*^* When in doubt whether a verb requires a direct or an
indirect object, the accusative -n may be used without any
preposition. Ex. : obeu al viapairo, or obeu via\n patro\n, obey
your fatlier.
-a, adjective ending. Ex. :
kara, pafro, dear father.
abat-o, abbot (of a monas-
tery)
aberaci 0, aberration (astr.
abi-o, fir ; — aro, fir planta-
tion.
abel-o, bee. | Abisen-a, Abyssinian (aJ/.);
2
ABISM-0
AEROMETR-0
— 0, an Abyssinian ; —iijo,
— lando, Abyssinia.
abism-o, abyss, en — igi, to
sink, to be swallowed
up.
abiturient-o, graduate fully
qualified to leave the
University.
ablativ-o, ablative (gramm.)
abnegaci-o, abnegation.
abomen-^?, abomination.
abon-z, to subscribe to ;
— 0, subscription.
abort-?*, to miscarry ; — o,
abortion.
abrikot-o, apricot ; — ujo,
apricot- tree.
abrotan-o, southernwood (a
plant).
abrupt-a, (adj.) abrupt,
absces-o, abscess.
absint-o, absinthium, worm-
wood, absinthe,
absolut-a, absolute.
absolutism-o, absolutism,
absolv-?. to absolve.
absorb/, to absorb, to
engross.
abstemi-rt, abstemious,
abstinenc-o, abstinence.
abstrakt-6i, abstract (adj.).
absurd-d, absurd (adj.).
acer-o, maple (tree or wood).
acid-a, acid (adj. ) ; — o, an
acid,
acet-?', to buy ; suh — i, to
bribe.
-ad-, suffix showing dura-
tion : pafo, shot ; paf — o,
discharge of musketry,
fusilade.
adekvat-a, (adj.) adequate.
adept-o, an adept.
■^adiaŭ, adieu, farewell ;
— a, (odj.) of farewell.
adjektiv-o, adjective.
adjutant-o, adjutant.
administr-i, to administer,
to manage.
administraci-o, staff, per-
sonnel of an establish-
ment.
admir-z, to admire.
admiral-o, admiral.
admiralitat-o, admiralty.
admon-i, to exhort.
adopt-i, to adopt (a child).
ador-z, to worship, to adore;
— anto, worshipper.
adres-/, to address ; — o,
address ; — aro, direc-
tory, address - book ;
— ato, person to whom
one sends, addressee.
adult-i, to commit adultery.
Advent-o, Advent (relig.).
adverb-o, adverb.
advokat 0, counsellor, bar-
rister, advocate.
aer-o, air (atmosphere) ;
— a, aerial.
aerolit-o, aerolite.
aerometr-o, aerometer, air-
meter.
AEROSTAT-0
AKCIDENT-O
aerostat-0, aerostat, air-
balloon ; — isto, aeronaut.
aerum-i, to air, to ventilate.
afabl-a, affable ; mal — a,
surly.
afekci-o, an affection ; — a,
affective (phiL).
afekt-e, to be affected, lack-
adaisical.
afer-o, affair, thing, cause,
object in view.
afiks-o, affix.
afiŝ-o, placard, handbill.
aforism-o, aphorism.
afrank-i, to frank (letters).
Afrik-a,(afZ;*.) African; — o,
Africa; — ano, an Afri-
can.
aft-(), thrush (aphtha).
afust-o, gun-carriage.
ag-i, to act (intrans.) ; — o,
action, act; — ema,
active.
agac-i, to set on edge (of
teeth) ; — o, annoyance.
agap-ĉ), agape, love-feast.
agarik-6), mushroom, agari-
cus.
agat-0, agate.
agend-o, agenda.
agent-o, agent.
agit-e, to agitate; — ado,
agitation,
eagle
agl-o,
eagle.
aglutin-z,
{V. a.).
rega — o, royal
to agglutinate
agoni-o, agony.
agord-i, to tune (mus.).
agrabl-a, agreeable.
agraf-o, clasp, buckle
(metal).
agronomi-o, agronomy.
aĝ-o, age ; matur — a, of
mature age.
aĝi-(?, agio.
aĝiot-^, to gamble in stocks,
bills ; — isto, stock-
jobber, etc.
ajl-o, garlic.
*ajn, ever : kiu, who ; km — ,
whoever.
aĵ-, made from, or posses-
sing the quality of : mola^
soft ; mol — 0, the soft
part of a thing; pentri,
to paint; pentr — o, a
picture (2).
akaci-o, acacia.
akademi-o, academy; —ano,
academician.
akant-(>, acanthus.
akapar-«, to corner, to
forestall.
akar-o, tiny insect, mite,
tick.
akcel-t, to hasten; mal — i,
to slow, to slacken.
akcent-o, accent (tonic),
stress.
akcept-i, to accept, to re-
ceive, to welcome.
Siikci-o, share (finance).
akcident-(^, accident ; — ajo,
AKCIPITR-0
ALI-A
occurrence ;
-a, acci-
dental.
akcipitr-o, hawk, goshaAvk.
akciz-o, excise.
akir-i, to acquire ; — o,
spoil, booty, acquire-
ment.
aklam-z, to acclaim.
akn-o, pimple.
akolit-o, acolyte.
akomod-i, to accommodate,
to accejĵt, to fit.
akompan-i, to accompany.
akonic-o, aconite.
akord-o, chord (harmon.).
akr-a, sharp, acute, shrill.
akrid-o, grasshopper.
aks-o, axis, axle.
aksel-o, armpit; axil {hot.).
aksiom-o, axiom.
akt-o, act (theatre) ; deed ;
— isto, actuary.
aktiv-a, active.
aktor-o, actor (theatre).
akurat-a, exact, accurate,
punctual.
akustik-o, acoustics.
akuŜ-i, to deliver a wo-
man; — isto, accoucheur;
— istino, midwife.
akut-a, acute (disease).
akuzativ-o, accusative.
akv-o, water ; — a, aquatic ;
— okonduko, aqueduct.
akvafort-o, aquafortis;
— isto, etcher with aqua-
fortis.
akvarel-o, water-colour
painting.
akvari-o, aquarium.
akvilegi-o, columbine.
*al, to, towards, al vi, to
you ; — iri, to go to-
wards ; — lasi, to admit,
to allow ; — porti, to
bring (carrying) ; — doni,
to add ; — veni, to ar-
rive.
al-o, awl.
alabastr-o, alabaster.
alarm-6», alarm ; — i, to
alarm.
alaŭd-o, lark (a bird).
albinos-o, — a, albinos.
album-o, album.
albumen-o, albumen
albuminuri-o,
disease.
alcion-o, halcyon.
ald-o, alto (voice).
ale-o, walk, path (of a gar-
den, etc.).
alegori-o, allegory.
alfabet-o, alphabet.
alfenid-o, Britannia metal.
algo-j, algae.
algebr-o, algebra.
Algeri-o, Algeria.
Alĝer-o, Algiers (town) ;
— lando, Algeria; — ano,
an Algerian.
alĥemi-o, alchemy; — isto,
alchemist.
ali-ft, other ; also the latter
Bright's
ALINE-0
AMPUT-I
of two ; — aj, others ;
— igi, to change, to
alter; — for/nigo, trans-
formation.
aline-o, paragraph, period,
break.
aligator-o, aligator.
alk-6», elk (animal).
alkali- 0, alkali.
alkohol-o, alcohol; — a,
alcoholic ; — igi, to alco-
holize ; — ulo, man in a
morbid state through
abuse of alcohol.
alkov-o, alcove, recess.
almanak-o, almanac.
■^almenaŭ, at least.
almoz-o, alms ; — ulo, beg-
gar.
aln-o, alder (tree).
alo-o, aloe juice, aloes.
alopati-o, allopathy.
Alp-(?/', the Alps; — a, al-
pine ; — ano, dweller in
the Alps.
aipak-o, alpaca.
alt-rt, high ; — aĵo, height,
elevated spot.
altar-(y, altar.
alte-o, marsh mallow ; — a
rozo, hollyhock.
altern-i, to alternate.
alternativ-o, an alternative.
alud-i, to allude to.
alumet-6», match,lucifer,etc.
alumini-o, aluminium.
alun-o, alum.
alvLvi-o, alluvium ; — a, al
luvial.
am-?', to love ; — eti, to like
en — igi, to fall in love
— isto, lover, sweetheart
— inda, amiable.
amalgam-o, amalgam.
amas-o, crowd, throng.
*ambaŭ, both.
ambici-(?, ambition ; — a,
ambitious.
ambl-o, amble.
ambos-c, anvil.
ambr-o, ambergris.
ambrozi-^, ambrosia.
ambulanc-o, ambulance.
amel-o, starch.
Amerik-a, America ; — a,
American (adj.) ; — ano,
an American.
ametist-o, ameth3'st.
amfibi-rt, amphibious.
amfiteatr 0, amphitheatre.
amfor-o, amphora.
amiant-o, amianthus.
amik-6), friend ; — eco, friend-
ship.
amindum-f, to play Ibe
gallant, to make love.
amnesti-o, amnesty, pardon.
amoniak-o, ammonia.
amorf-fl^, amorphous.
amortiz-i, to liquidate, to
pay off by instalments.
ampleks-o, dimension, ex-
tent.
amput-f,- to amputate.
6
AMULET-0
ANTAGONISM-0
amulet 0, amulet.
amuz-i, to amnse.
-an- suffix signifying mem-
ber of, partisan of, etc. ;
regno, state ; regn — o,
subject, citizen ; Krisfo,
Christ ; Krist — o, a
Christian; — aro, troop,
band.
anagal-o, pimpernel.
anagram 0, anagram.
anakronism (?, anachron-
ism.
analiz-z, to analyse.
analogi-o, analogy.
ananas-o, pineapple.
anapest-rt, anapestic (poe-
try) ; — 0, anapest
(noun).
anarĥi-ĉ>, anarchy ; — isto,
an anarchist.
anarhism-o, anarchism.
anas-o, duck ; mol — o, eider,
eider-down.
anatem-o, anathem, ban.
anatomi-o, anatomy.
anĉov-o, anchovy.
AnĈL-oj, the Andes.
anekdot-o, anecdote.
aneks-i, to annex ; — o, an-
nexation.
anemon-o, anemone.
angelik-^?, angelica (bat.).
angil-o, eel.
Angl-a, English (adj.) ; — o,
an Englishman ; — njo,
— olando, England.
anglicism-o, anglicism.
angul-c, angle, corner; tri
— 0, triangle ; reki — o,
rectangle.
anĝel-o, angel; cef — o, arch-
angel.
anĝin-o, quinsy, angina.
anilen-o, aniline.
anim-fl, soul ; bon—a, kind-
hearted.
aniz-o, anise, aniseed;
— likvoro, aniseed cor-
dial, anisette.
*ankaŭ, also.
ankiloz-^?, anchylosis.
■^ankoraŭ, yet, still, as yet.
ankr-o, anchor.
anobi-o, anobium, death-
watch,
anomali-o, anomaly.
anonc-z, to announce, to
give notice, etc. ; — o,
advertisement.
anonim «, anonymous.
ans-o, latch, clinch, end of
bolt.
anser-o, goose.
"^anstataŭ, instead of; an-
statail mi, instead of me ;
— i, to be in place of ;
— igi, to be substituted
for.
-ant-, present participle
active : ami, to love;
am — a, loving ; am — ĉ,
by loving (adv.).
antagonism-^, antagonism.
ANTAGONlST-0
APOTEOZ-0
antagonist-o, antagonist.
antarkt-c^, antarctic.
*antaŭ, before ; — a, pre-
vious ; — e, formerly,
before ; — enirado, for-
ward movement ; — iri,
to precede ; — ol iri, be-
fore going (antaŭ ol re-
fers to time) ; — ulo, fore-
runner ; — zorgo, fore-
thought
anten-o, antenna ; feeler of
insect.
antikrist-o, Antichrist.
antikv-a, antique, ancient ;
— ajo, old things ; — isto,
antiquary.
antilop-o, antelope (animal).
antimon-o, antimony.
antipati-o, antipathy.
antipod-o/, antipodes.
antiseps-«, antiseptic (adj.);
— ajo, antiseptic (noun).
antologi-o, anthology.
antracit-o, anthracite.
antraks-o, anthrax.
antropologi-o, anthropo-
logy-
Anunciaci-o, Annunciation
(religious festival).
aort-o, aorta.
apanag-o, apanage.
aparat-o, apparatus.
apart-«, separate, special ;
— e, separately ; — ajo,
adoption, choice, devia-
tion.
apartament-OjSuiteof rooms
aparten-?', to belong.
apati-6>, apathy ; — a, apa-
thetic.
apelaci-o, legal appeal ; — i,
to appeal (legally).
■^apenaŭ, hardly; scarce-
Apenin-o/, the Apennines.
aper-i, to appear ; mal — i,
to disappear ; — o, — ajo,
apparition.
apetit-o, appetite.
api-o, celery.
aplaŭd i, to applaud.
aplomb-o, assurance, self-
command.
apog-i, to lean (upon) ; to
rest (upon).
apoge 0, apogee.
apokalips-o, apocalypse.
apokrif-a, apocryphal.
apolog-o, apologue.
apologi-o, apology, vindica-
tion of.
apopleksi-o, apoplexy.
apostat-o, an apostate ; — a
(adj.); — eco, apostacy ;
— ido, apostate.
apostaz-i, to apostatise
(neut.).
apostol-o, apostle ; — a,
apostolic.
apostrof-o, apostrophe
{gram.).
apotek-6», chemist's shop.
apoteoz-o, apotheosis.
8
APOZICI-0
ARISTOLOKl-0
apozici-0, apposition
(cjram.).
apr-o, wild boar.
April-o, April ; — a, of
April.
aprob-t, to approve.
apsid-o, apse, apsis.
*apud, near to, close by, at
hand ; — a, contiguous ;
—esti, to be near, present ;
— mĉto, apposition.
ar-o, are (100 sq. metres).
-ar-o, suffix of collection :
arbo, tree; arh — o, forest;
arh — eto^ a wood ; arh —
isto^ forester ; ŝtupo, step,
degree, rung ; ŝtup — o,
staircase ; vorto, word ;
vort — 0, dictionary ; va-
gono, railway carriage ;
vagon — o, train.
Arab-a, Arabic, Arabian
(adj.) ; — 0, an Arab ;
— ujo, — lando, Arabia.
arabesk-o, arabesque,
arak-o, arrack.
arane-o, spider.
aranĝ-i, to arrange.
arb-o, tree ; — eto, shrub,
small tree ; — etaro, grove,
shrubbery; — etajo, bush,
thicket ; frukt — o, fruit-
tree ; frukt — ejo, orchard ;
— hakisto, woodcutter.
arbalestr-o, cross-bow, bow;
— isto, crossbowman,
archer.
arbitr-a, arbitrary.
arbitraci-f>, arbitration,
arbitrament, umpirage :
juganto, jugisto — a, um-
pire, referee, arbitrator:
jugi — e, to arbitrate, to
act as umpire.
Sirt-o, bow, fiddlestick.
arde-o, heron.
ardez-o, slate.
ardi-o, Inirn (met.), ardour.
areometr-o, areometer.
aren-o, arena, list, cock-pit.
areopag-o, areopagus.
arest-z', to arrest ; — o, ar-
rest, taking into custody.
arĝent-ĉ), silver (the metal).
argil-o, clay.
argon-o, argon.
argument-i, to argue ; — o,
argument.
Argus-o, Argus (mythol.).
arheologi-o, archeology.
arhipelag-o, archipelago.
arĥitektur-o, architecture ;
— isto, architect.
arĥitrav-o, architrave
arhiv-o, archives.
ari-o, air, tune (music), not
the atmospheric air.
ariergard-6», rearguard.
aristokrat-o, aristocrat ;
— a, aristocratic.
aristolok-o, aristolokio sy-
pho.
aristoloki-o, aristolochv
(bot.).
ARITMETlK-0
ASKETICISM-0
aritraetik r), arithmetic.
ark'O, arc (geom.) ; —((jo,
vault ; paf — o, bow
(weapon) ; — efleksi, to
bend, to arch.
arkad-(?, arcade,
arkt-a, arctic.
arleken-o, harlequin,
arm-i, to arm ; — ilo,
weapon ; — Hejo, arsenal ;
armajo, armour ; — ilfar-
isfo, gunsmith ; — ilfar-
ado, manufacture of
arms,
arme-o, army.
Armenia, Armenian {adj.);
— 0, Armenia; — ano, an
Armenian.
arnik-ĉ?, arnica.
arog-i, al si, to arrogate to
oneself,
arogant-a, arrogant,
arom-o, aroma, fragrance,
aromat-a, aromatic,
arorut-o, arrowroot,
arpeg-o, arpeggio,
arsenik-o, arsenic,
art-o, art ; — a, of art ; bel
— oj, fine-arts (1).
artemizi-o, wormwood,
mug wort,
arteri-o, artery (anat.).
artez-a, (adj.), artesian ;
— a pufo, artesian
well,
artifik-o, cunning, craft.
stratagem ;
sen — a,
straightforward, up-
right.
artik-f», joint ; el — igi, to
sprain, to dislocate ;
en — igi, to set, to reset
(bones).
artikol-o, article (gram.,
etc.), not goods.
artileri-o, artillery.
artist-o, artist.
artiŝok-o, artichoke.
a>itnt-o, arthritis (med.).
— as, present tense termin-
ation of verbs : esH, to
be ; mi estas, I am ; Hi
estas, they are ; la libroj
estas . . ., the books
are . . .
as 0, ace (at cards).
asafetid-o, assafoetida.
asbest-o, asbestos.
asekur-i, to insure (with a
company).
asesor-o, assistant judge or
magistrate.
asfalt 0, asphalt.
asfiksi-c, asphyxia.
asign-?*, to assign.
asist-i, to assist, to help;
— anto, an assistant (not
in the French sense of
being present).
askarid-o, ascaris (intestin-
al worm).
asket-a {adj.), ascetic; — o,
an ascetic.
asketicism-o, asceticism.
10
ASKLEPIAD-0
AŬKCI-0
asklepiado, asclepiad
(verse) ; also asclepias
(swallow-wort).
asoci-ĉ?, association ; — i, to
associate ; — into, associ-
ate, partner, etc.
asonanc-o, assonance.
asparag-(?, asparagus.
asperg-2, to sprinkle ; — o,
aspersion; — ilo, holy
water sprinkle.
aspid-o, asp, aspic.
aspirant 0, pretender, claim-
ant, suitor.
astm-o, asthma.
astr-o/', stars, heavenly-
bodies; — oplena, starry;
— ohuno, starlight.
astrolog-o, astrologer.
astrologi-o, astrology.
astronomi-o, astronomy.
— at-, passive present par-
ticiple : fari, to make, to
do; far — a, being made
or done (which is being
made w done at the
time).
atak-i, to attack; — anto,
aggressor ; — egi, to
charge (the enemy) ; — o,
an attack.
atavism-o, atavism.
ateism-6>, atheism.
ateist-o, atheist; — a, athe-
istic.
atenc-i, to attempt; — o,
attempt.
atend /, to wait for; to
expect, to wait.
Atene-o, Athenean.
atent-rt, attentive; —i, to
attend to ; to pay atten-
tion to ; — 0, attention ;
— eco, the state of being-
attentive sen — e, una-
wares.
atest-i, to certify, to attest ;
— anfo, a witness; — o,
certificate.
ating-2, to attain, to reach.
Atlantik (i Oceano, Atlantic
Ocean.
atlas-ĉ), satin.
atlet-o, athlete.
atmosfer-(), atmosphere.
atom-o, atom.
atoni-(), atony.
atribut-6>, attribute.
atripl-o, orach, goosefoot,
mountain-spinach.
atrofi-o, atrophy.
atut-o, trump (at cards).
*aŭ, or, either, au . . . an,
either . . . or.
aud-i, to hear ; --ado,
hearing (sense).
aŭdienc-ĉ?, audience, recep-
tion.
aŭditori-o, audience, audi-
tory, assembly (people) ;
auditorium.
Aŭgust-o, August.
aŭkci-o, auction ; — isto, an
auctioneer.
1
AŬREOL-0
BALDAKEN-O
aŭreol-0, halo of glory
aŭrikul-(9, auricula.
Aŭror-(>, Aurora.
aŭskult-i, to listen.
Aŭstrali 0, Australia ; — a,
Australian (adj. ) ; — ano,
an Australian.
aŭspici-o;', auspices.
aŭtentik-a, authentic.
aŭtobiografi-o, autobio-
graphy.
autodidakt-o, self-taught
man.
aŭtografi-o, autography.
aŭtokrat-o, autocrat ; — a,
autocratic.
autokrati-o, autocracy.
aŭtomat-(9, automaton.
aŭtomobil-c>, automobile.
aŭtonomi-o, autonomy.
aŭtor-o, author.
aŭtoritat-o, authority.
autun-o, autumn.
av-c, grandfather.
avangard-o, vanguard, van
(mil.).
avar-a, avaricious ; — alo,
a miser ; — i, to be spar-
ing of (accus.).
avel-o, hazel- nut, filbert.
aven-o, oats.
aventur-o, adventure.
avert-2, to warn, to
caution.
avid-a, eager for; — i, to
thirst for, to covet; — eco,
lust.
aviz-o, notice; — i, to inform.
azar-o, asarum, asarabaca
(hot).
azen-o, ass, donkey
azil-o, asylum.
Azi-o, Asia; — a, Asiatic
(adj.) ; — ana, an Asia-
tic.
azot-o, azote, nitrogen ;
— acido, nitric acid.
azur-o, the azure (skies).
B
babil-i, to chatter, tobabble.
babord-o, larboard, port,
bagatel-o, trifle, trifling
thing.
bajonet-o, bayonet,
bak-z, to bake,
bakteri-o/*, bacteria
crohes).
bal-o, ball, dauce.
(mi-
bala-^, to sweep ; — ajo,
sweepings.
balad-o, ballad.
balanc-i, to swing (adiv. ) ;
— igi, to swing (neut.)
balast-o, ballast.
balbut-i, to stammer, to
stutter.
baldaken-o, canopy.
12
BALDAŬ
BASTON-0
*baldaŭ, soon; — a, next,
soon to be.
balen-o, whale ; — osto,
whalebone.
balet-o, ballet.
balistik-o, ballistics (ariil.),
balkon-o, balcony.
balon-o, balloon.
balot-e, to vote by ballot.
Balt-a Mar-o, Baltic Sea.
balustrad-o, balustrade.
balzam-o, balsam.
balzamen-o, balsamine.
bambu-o, bamboo.
ban-i, to bathe {trans. ) ;
— igi, to bathe (neut.) ;
vapor — 0, vapour-bath ;
— lando, watering - sta-
tion ; — ejo, bathing-
establishment ; — ilo,
tub or bath (to bathe
in).
banan-0, banana.
band-o, band, gang.
bandaĝ-o, bandage.
banderol-o, strip of paper-
wrapper, stre;imer.
bandit-o, bandit.
bank-o, bank (financ.).
bankier-o, banker.
bankrot-i, to fail in busi-
ness, to become bank-
rupt.
bant-o, bow (of ribbon).
bapt-i, to christen, to bap-
tize ; — opatro, god-
father ; — ofilo^ godson ;
— 0, christening; — ano^
co-sponsor.
bar-i, to bar to obstruct;
— 0, bar; — ajo, — ilo, bar-
rier; plekt — ilo, hurdle,
hedge ; kreskaj — ilo,
quickset-hedge.
barak-o, barrack.
barakt-i, to struggle, to
kick about, to wrestle.
barb-o, beard.
barbar-o, barbarian; — a,
barbaric.
barbarism-o, barbarism.
barbir-o, barber, hair-
dresser.
barĉ-o, beetroot soup (Rus-
sian).
barel-o, barrel, keg, cask ;
— isfo, cooper.
bari-o, barium.
barikad-c», barricade.
bariton-o, baritone (man).
bark-o, bark (boat).
barometr-o, barometer.
baron-o, baron.
bas-o, bass (voice).
basen-o, reservoir, basin,
dock.
bask-o, coat-tail, skirt.
bast-o, inner part of the
bark of trees.
bastard-o, bastard, illegiti-
mate child.
bastion-o, bastion.
baston-o, stick; — eio, small
stick.
13
BAT-I
BIGOT-0
bat-i, to beat ; — iĝo, a
scuffle ; — 0, a blow (with
the fist).
batal-i, to fight ; — o, a
battle ; — eto, skirmish ;
ek — 0, engagement ;
— ilo, weapon ; — ilejo,
armour}^ arsenal.
batalion-o, battalion,
batat-o, sweet potato,
bateri-o, battery,
batist-o, cambric, lawn.
Bavar-a, Bavarian {adj.) ;
— 0, a Bavarian ; — ujo,
— lando, Bavaria.
baz-o (chem.), base, basis.
bazalt-o, basalt,
bazar- 0, bazaar, market,
bazilik-o, basilica,
bazilisk-o, cockatrice.
bed-o, garden-bed.
bedaŭr-i, to regret, to
lament ; — inde, unfor-
tunately.
beduen-o, bedouin,
bek-o, beak ; — ajo, beakful.
bel-a, fine, beautiful; — igi,
to embellish, to makefine;
— igi, to become fine, to
improve in looks ; — ulo,
a beau ; — ulino, a belle ;
— soneco, melodiousness.
beladon-o, belladonna,
beletristik-o, belles-lettres.
Belg-a, Belgian ; — vjo,
— lando, Belgium ; — o,
a Belgian.
ben-i, to bless; mal — i, to
curse ; — o, blessing.
benefic-o, benefice.
benk-o, form (to sit on) ;
— eto, footstool.
benzin-o, benzine.
benzol-o, benzola.
her-o, berry (of plant) ;
vin — 0, grapes ; vin — aro,
bunch of grapes.
Berber-o, a Berl)er; — 'ujo,
Berbery.
beril-(?, beryl.
berili-(9, beryllium.
best-o, animal, beast; sovaga
— 0, ^vild beast.
het-o, beet, beetroot.
betul-o, birch (tree).
bezon-i, to want ; — a,
wanted ; sen — a, not re-
quired ; — 0, need, re-
quirement; — igi,to make
urgent ; — igi, to be
urgent ; — ega, urgent.
Bibli-o, Bible.
bibliografi-o, bibliography.
bibliotek-o, library.
bicikl-o, bicycle ; — isto,
bicyclist.
bien-o, landed estate ; land
property.
bier-o, beer.
biftek-o, beefsteak.
bifstek-o, beefsteak.
bigami-o, bigamy.
bigot-o, -vlo, a l:)igot ; — a,
bigoted ; — eco, bigotry.
14
BIL-0
BOMBAKD-I
bil-0, bilet-o, note, ticket ;
hank — o, banknote,
bilanc-o, balance-sheet,
bilard-o, billiards,
bilion-o, billion.
bind-?', to bind (books).
binokl-o, binocular, opera
glass.
biografi-o, biography,
biologi-o, biology.
bird-o, bird ; — eto, little
bird ; — ido, .young bird ;
— nesto^ bird's nest.
biret-o, biretta.
*bis, once more,
biskvit-o, biscuit.
bismut-o, bismuth,
bistr-o, bistre (colour),
bisturi-o, bistoury (surg.).
bitum-o, bitumen,
bivak-o, bivouac,
blank-a, white ; — o, white,
as a colour ; — ajo, a
white spot, stain, mark ;
— eto, page left blank ;
ov — 0, white of egg.
blasfem-i, to blaspheme,
blat-o, weevil, woodlouse.
blazon-(9, blazonry, her-
aldry ; — sildo, coat of
arms.
blek-i, to baa, to neigh, to
bellow, to grunt, etc.
(Speaking of the cry of
animals.)
blend-6>, blende, zinc
ore
16
blind-a, blind ; — ulo^ a
blind man.
blok-o, block ; — ado, block-
ade ; — adi, to blockade.
blond-a, fair, blonde (of
hair).
blov-^, to blow ; for — ?', to
blow away; • — ado, the
blowing (of the wind).
blu-a, blue ; — o, blue, as a
colour ; duhe — a, bluish.
bluz-o, blouse.
bo-, prefix of relation-
ship through marriage ;
— ĵ^atro, father-in-law ;
—-Jilino, daughter-in-law;
— frato, brother-in-law ;
— patrino, mother-in-law.
boa-o, boa.
boat-o, boat, bark ; — islo,
boatman.
boben-o, bobbin, reel, spool.
Bohem-a, Boliemian (adj.) ;
— 0, a Bohemian; — ujo,
— lando, Bohemia.
hoyi, to bark (like dogs).
bojkot-e, to boycot; — o,
boy cot (noun).
boks-i, to box ; — islo, prize-
fighter, pugilist
bol-i, to boil.
Boliv-a (adj.), Bolivian ;
— 0, a Bolivian ; — ujo,
Bolivia.
bomb-o, bomb, shell.
bombard-z, to shell, to bom-
bard (a town).
BOMBON-0
BRIT-A
homloon-o, bonbon, a
sweet.
hon-a, good; — ega, excel-
lent ; — anima, good-
natured ; — fari, to do
good ; — intenca, well-
meaning ; — kora, kind-
hearted ; — eco, good-
ness; — e, well, good {adv.).
hoi-i, to bore; — ilo, auger;
— ileto, gimlet.
boraks-o, borax.
bord-o, bank (of rivers,
etc.), shore.
border-i, to hem ; — o, bor-
der of any sort.
bors-o. Exchange, Bourse.
bosk-o, grove, bosky.
boston-o, boston (card
game).
hot-o, boot ; — eto, half-
boot; — isto, bootmaker.
botanik-ĉ?, botany ; — isto,
botanist.
botel-o, bottle.
hov-o, ox ; — ino, cow ;
— oviro, bull ; — eto, small
ox ; — ido, calf ; — idino,
heifer ; — ajo, beef ; — id-
ajo, veal.
bovl-o, wine-cup (the
liquor).
brak-o, arm (of the body) ;
sub — Oy armpit.
brakiur-^, crab.
bram-o, bream (fish).
braman-o, brahman.
bran-o, bran (of grain).
branc-o, branch, bough ;
— ajo, fagot; ■ — aro, the
branches together; — eto,
small bough.
brand-o, brandy ; — faristo,
distiller ; — far ado, dis-
tillation of brandy ;
— farejo, distillery.
brank-o, gills (fish).
brankard-o, a litter (to
carry).
bras-^, to brace (naut.).
brasik-o, cabbage ; flora — o,
cauliflower.
brav-fl^, brave ; — e ! bravo !
— ulo, a brave man ;
— ega, rash ; — egeco,
rashness, temerity.
brec-o, breach (in a wall).
hret-o, shelf, bracket.
Breton-a (adj.), Breton; — o,
a Breton; — uj o,Bnttiiny.
brev-o, breve ; papal brief.
brevier-o, breviary
brid-o, bridle; sen — igi, to
unbridle.
brigad-o, brigade (milit.).
brik-o, brick, tile ; tegmenta-
— 0, tile for a roof.
bril-i, to shine ; — egi, to be
resplendent ; — eti, to
glow ; — ajeto, gold dust,
etc.
briliant-o, a brilliant.
Brit-rt, British (adj.) ; — o,
a Briton ; — ujo, — lando^
16
BROĈ-0
BUŜ-0
Bri tain ; G-randa — njo^
Gh'ci nda — lando, Great
Britain.
hrot-o, broach.
brod-^, to embroider.
brog-i, to scald.
brokant-i, to deal in second-
hand goods, to haggle ;
— isto, a dealer in second-
hand goods, etc.
brom-o, bromine.
bronk-o, bronchial vessel.
bronkit-o, bronchitis.
bronz-o, bronze.
bros-(?, brush ; — i, to brush.
broŝiir-o, pamphlet.
hiov-o, ej^cbrow.
bnl-^, to make a noise ;
— ego, great noise; — efo,
rustling, murmuring,
like water, leaves, etc.
brul-i, to burn, to be in
flames; — eti, to brood,
to sit on eggs, ek — igi, to
light ; — v\indo, a burn ;
— umo, inflammation.
brun-ft, brown ; — igi, to
make brown ; dube — a,
brownish.
brust-(?,breast, chest, bosom.
bmt-o, brute, animal ; — oj,
cattle, sheep ; — aro,
flock or herd.
brutt-ĉ {adv.), gross, gross
weight.
bub-ĉj, ragamuffin, rude boy;
a lad.
B 17
bubal-o, buff", buff'alo.
buc-i, to slaughter ; — ejo,
slaughter-house ; — isto
butcher.
bud-o, booth, small shop
— eta, sentry-box, shed.
budĝet-o, budget.
buf-o, toad.
bufed-o, buff'et.
bufr-(?, buff"er (rail. carr.).
buk-o, buckle (metal).
buked-ĉ?, bouquet, nosegay
bukl-o, ringlet, curl, lock
(of hair).
buks-o, box (hot. ), boxwood.
bul-o, ball, clod (of earth) ;
— eto, pellet.
bulb-o, onion, bulb.
Bulgar-a, Bulgarian {adj.);
— 0, a Bulgarian ; — ujo,
— lando, Bulgaria.
buljon-o, broth.
bulk-o, roll of white bread ;
— viand — o, sandwich.
bulvard-o, boulevard.
biin-o, a bun.
burd-ĉ), humble-bee.
burĝ-o, a civilian, also a
burgess; — aro, the body
of burgesses ; — eco, free-
dom of a city.
burĝon-o, bud, young shoot.
burlesk-a {adj.), burlesque;
— a/o, a burlesque (piece).
burnus-o, burnoose.
busprit-o, bowsprit.
buŝ-o, mouth; — ego, muzzle,
BUŜEL-0
CETER-A
snout, mouth of big
animals ; — umo^ a muz-
zle for a dog, a nose-
band ; — tuko^ napkin,
serviette.
buŝel-o, bushel.
bust-o, bust.
buter-o, butter.
butik-o, shop, warehouse,
store.
buton-o, button ; — umi,
to button ; mat — umi,
to unbutton ; — truo,
buttonhole,
butor-o, bittern,
buz-o, buzzard.
car-o, czar.
ced-i, to yield, to cease re-
sistance ; to unbend ; to
grant, to give up, to part
with.
cedr-o, cedar.
cejan-c, cornflower.
Cek-o, Czech.
cel-i, to aim, to intend, to
purpose; — o, aim, goal,
end ; — tahulo, target ;
sen — a, aimless.
celeri-o, celery.
cembr-o, cembra pine,
Swiss pine.
cement-c», cement, lute,
builders^ clay ; — ^, to
cement.
cend-o, cent (a coin).
■^cent, hundred ; — estro,
centurion ; — jciTO, cent-
ury; pro — 0, percentage,
interest ; pro — ego, usury ;
pro — egisto, usurer.
centezimal-ft, centesimal.
centigram-o, centigram.
centilitr-o centilitre.
centim-o, centime (100th
part of a franc).
centimetr-o, centimetre.
centr-o, centre.
centraliz-i, to centralize ;
— ado, centralization.
centrifoli-o, centrifolia.
cenzur-o, censure ; — i, to
censure ; — isto, censor.
cerb-o, brain.
cercedul-o, teal.
ceremoni-o, ceremony ; sen
— e, unceremoniously.
cerezin-o, ceresene.
ceri 0, cerium.
cert-t7, certain, sure; — e,
certainly ; — igi, to cer-
tify, to vouch, to affirm.
cerv-o, stag ; — ino, hind ;
— ido, fawn ; norda — o,
reindeer.
ceter-a, the remaining,
other ; la — aj, the others ;
— e, besides, further-
more, and again.
18
CEZI-0
ĈAMBELAN-0
cezi-0, caesium.
*ci (thou, thee), diri 'ci,'
to ' thou ' and * thee.'
cianacid-o, "iPrussic
ciana-a acid-o,/ acid.
cibet-6», civet; — hito, civet
cat.
cidoni-o, quince,
cidr-o, cider,
cifer-o, cipher, numerical
figure ; — plato, dial, face
of a clock,
cigan-o, gipsy.
cigar-o, cigar; — ingo, cigar
mouthpiece; — vjo, cigar
box ; — ejo, cigar depot,
cigared-o, cigarette,
cign-o, swan,
cika.d-0, cicada (large
green grasshopper not
English).
cikatr-o, scar, cicatrice,
cikl-o, cycle ; — isto, cyc-
list ; — i, to cj^cle,
ciklon-o, cyclone,
ciklop-o, cyclop,
cikoni-o, stork.
cikori-o, succory, endive,
cikum-o, common brown
owl.
cikut-o, hemlock,
cilindr-o, cylinder.
cim-o, bug (insect).
cimbal-o, cymbal.
cinabr-o, cinnabar.
cinsLm-o, cinnamon.
cindr-o, ash, cinder; also
ashes (mortal remains).
cinik-a, cynical ; — ulo, a
cynic.
cipres-6>, cypress.
cir-o, blacking (for boots).
cirk-o, circus.
cirkel-o, compass (inst.
geom.).
cirkonstanc-o, circum-
stance.
cirkul-i, to circulate.
cirkiiler-o, a circular (noun).
cirkumfleks-a (adj.), cir-
cumflex ; — 0, a circum-
flex accent.
cistern-o, cistern.
cit-i, to quote.
citadel-o, citadel.
citat-(?, citation, quotation.
citr-^, zither, Ij^-e.
citron-o, lemon; — ujo,
lemon-tree,
civil-a, civil (opp, to milit.
and ecclesiastical).
civiliz-i, to civilize.
civilizaci-o, civilization.
col-o, inch (measure).
Ĝagren-i, to grieve, to vex ; | Ĉam-o, chamois (animal).
— igi, to fret, to be vexed. I cambelan-o, chamberlain,
19
ĜAMBR-0
^ĈI
ĉambr-0, room, chamber ;
antaŭ — o, ante-room.
campan-o, champagne wine.
ĉau-o, cock (of a gun, etc.).
cap-o, cap, bonnet.
capel-o, man's hat, lady's
bonnet.
capitr-o, chapter (books).
*Ĝar, because, since,
(argumt.) for {con].).
car 0, chariot, car ; — eto,
cart.
carlatan-o, quack, mounte-
bank.
carm-a, charming, delight-
ful ; — 0, charm ; — i, to
charm, to delight, to
captivate.
carnir-o, hinge.
carpent-i, to do carpenter-
ing ; kun — i, to as-
semble together by car-
pentering ; — isto, a
carpenter.
carpi-o, lint.
cas-i, to hunt (venery) ;
— ajo, game ; — korno,
hunting-horn.
ĉast-a, chaste ; mal — a,
dissolute ; mal — i, to
lead a dissolute life ;
mal — igi, to debauch,
to corrupt.
*ĉe, at, in, with : — ni, at
our house ; — via patro^
at your father's house ;
— V pordo, at the door.
— esti, to be present at;
— esto, presence at.
cef-, chief, head, principal ;
— urbo, chief town, capi-
tal ; — episkopo, arch-
bishop ; — angeloj arch-
angel ; — i, to head, to
command ; — a, princi-
pal (adj.).
tek-o, cheque ; — o strekita,
crossed cheque.
te\-o, cell (nat. hist.), also
in honeycombs.
cemiz-o, shirt, chemise.
cen-o, chain ; — ero, link of
a chain.
ĉeriz 0, cherry ; — ujo,
cherry-tree.
cerk-o, coffin.
cerp-i, to draw (water) ;
el — i, to select.
Ĝes-^, to leave off, to cease
{neuter) ; — igi, to cause
anything to cease ; sen
— a, continuous, inces-
sant.
Ĝeval-(?, horse ; — ino,
mare ; — o mro, stallion ;
— eto, small horse,
pony ; — ido, foal, colt ;
— idiiio, filly ; — ejo,
stable ; — estro, horse-
man ; — ajo, horseflesh.
Ĝevron-o, chevron (arch, and
milit.).
*ĉi, the nearest ; tiu, that ;
tiu ci, this ; tie, there ;
20
^eiA
*DA
*ĉie,
tie ci, here; tien, thither;
Hen ci, hither ; ĉi tiea,
local.
*ĉia, each (each kind of) ;
every (every kind of).
■^ĉiam, always, ever; — a,
everlasting (adj.).
everywhere ; — a,
ubiquitous, omnipresent
(adj.).
*ciel, in every way (in-
variable).
Ĝiel-o, heaven.^ sky; — arko,
rainbow; Cieliro, Ascen-
sion.
■'^ĉies, everybody's.
cif-i, to crumple, to ruffle.
ĉifon-o, rag ; — ajo, tat-
tered things, rags ;
— isto, rag picker, rag
dealer.
cikan-i, to chicane, to
cavil ; — e7na, addicted
to wrangle about trifles.
*Ĝio, all (sing.), everything;
— pova, almighty.
*ĉirkaŭ, round, about ;
— ajo, environs, neigh-
bourhood ; — e, round
about (adv.) ; — i, to
surround, to encircle ;
— ma no,
— 0, circuit
bracelet; — kola, collar,
parure ; — preni, to em-
brace; — skribi, to cir-
cumscribe.
6irp-i, to chirp, to twitter.
*ĉm, each, every, all {sing. ) ;
—j, all {pi)', —taga,
daily {adj.) ; — tage,
daily (adv.) ; — monata,
monthly {adj.); — monate,
monthly {adv.); — jara,
yearly, annual ; —jare,
yearly {adv.).
tiz-i, to chisel ; — ilo, a
chisel.
-6j-, after the first (2-5)
letters of a man's name,
used as an endearing
diminutive : Mihaelo,
Michael; Milcjo, Mike;
pafro, father ; pacjo, little
father, papa.
cokolad-o, chocolate.
*ĉu, sign of interrogation :
vi parolas, you speak;
— vi parolas? Do you
spe^ak ^
*^* Cu is also used in in-
direct query : • — vi venos,
— vi ne venos, whether
you (will) come, whether
you (will) not come.
*da is used instead
de (of) after words
of
ex-
21
pressingmeasure, weight,
quantity definite or iiide-
DAKTIL-0
DECILITR-0
finite. Ex. : taso da teo,
cup of tea ; funto da
viando, pound of meat ;
delcduo daforkqj, a dozen
forks; kelke da pomoj,
a few apples ; multe da
knaboj, many boys (3).
daktil-o, date (fruit).
dali-o, dahlia.
Dalmat-a (adj.), Dalmatian;
— 0, a Dalmatian ; — ujo,
Dalmatia,
dam-o/, draughts (game) ;
— a tabulo, draught-
board.
damask-o, damask.
damcerv-o, deer.
Dan-a, Danish (adj.) ; — o, a
Dane ; — ujo ; — lando,
Denmark.
danc-i, to dance ; — ado,
dancing ; — arto, the art
of dancing; — o, a dance.
dand-o, dandy; — i, to
play the dand}^
danĝer-c», danger; sen — a,
safe from danger.
dank-i, to thank; mi estas
tre — a, I am very thank-
ful ; sen — a, thankless ;
ne — a, ungrateful ; ne
— ema, ingrate, never
thankful ; — eco, thank-
fulness.
Dardanel-o/, Dardanelles.
dat-o, date ; — umi, to date;
— revenOj anniversary.
dativ-o, dative.
datur-o, datura (thorn
apple).
daur-i, to continue, to last
(neut.) ; — igij to con-
tinue something, to go on
with something ; — igo,
continuation of some-
thing; — 0, duration.
*de, of, by, since, from
(marks the genitive, ab-
lative, possessive, start-
ing point, use) : la libro —
Petro, the book of Peter,
Peter's book; si estas
laŭdaia — ĉiuj, she is
praised by all ; — tiu
tempo, since (or from)
that time ; — sabato ĝis
mardo, from Saturday
until Tuesday; taso
— teo, tea-cup (3).
debat-o, debate.
debet-o, debit ; — konto,
debtor account.
debit-o, debit (opp. to
credit); ready sale.
dec-i, to be proper, decent,
fit, suitable : — as, it is
right, it is proper, etc,
Decembr-o, December.
decid-i, to decide, to re-
solve ; — eco, decision ;
— igi, to bring about a
decision ; — iga, deci-
sive.
decilitr-o, decilitre.
22
DECIMETR-0
DENT-0
decimetr-0, decimetre.
deĉifr-i, to decipher, to un-
ravel.
dediĉ-i, to dedicate; — o,
dedication.
defend-i, to defend, to
protect.
deficit-o, deficit.
definitiv-a, definitive.
degel-t, to thaw (neut.) ;
— igi, to cause to thaw,
to thaw something :
— ado, a thaw ; — ajo,
anything that is thaw-
ing, water, snow, etc.
degener-i, to degenerate.
degrad-i, to degrade, to
deprive of rank.
deism-o, deism.
deĵor-2", to be on duty, as
an attendant.
*dek, ten; — a, tenth.
dekadenc-o, decadence.
dekagram-o, decagram.
dekalitr-o, decalitre.
dekametr-o, decametre (10
metres).
dekan-o, dean (of faculty).
deklam-z, to declaim, to
recite; — o, recitation.
deklaraci 0, declaration.
deklin z, to decline, to fall
off:
deklinaci-o, declension
(gram.).
dekliv-o, declivity, slope ;
— a, sloping.
dekoraci-o, decoration, or-
nament.
dekret-o, decree ; — i, to
decree.
dekstr-a, right (opp. to
left).
deleg-i, to delegate ; — ito,
delegate, deputy, proxy.
delegaci-o, delegation.
delfen-o, dolphin (animal).
delikat-a, delicate, nice,
dainty ; mal — a, rough,
rude, unmannerly.
delir-i, to be delirious.
delt-o, delta.
demagog-o, a demagogue.
demand-i, to ask, to query.
demokrat-o, democrat; — a,
democratic.
demokrati-o, democracy.
demon-o, demon.
demonstrativ-o, demon-
strative (gram.) ; — a,
demonstrative (adj.).
denar-o, denarius (an old
coin); la — o de I'vidvino,
the widow's mite.
dens-«, dense, thick; — igi,
to condense ; mal — a,
thinly spread ; mal — igi,
to become thinly
spread.
dent-o, tooth ; — a, notched,
dental, dented ; sen — a,
toothless, not indented ;
sen — igi, to break the
teeth of a saw or other
23
DENUNOI
DIAMANT-0
such object; tii — o, tri-
dent.
denunc-i, to denounce.
departement-o, department
(administr. ).
depend-i, to depend.
depeŝ-o, despatch.
deput-'i, to depute ; — ato^
— ito, deputy.
*des . . . pli . . . the more . . .
the more : ju pli mi legas
despli mi lernas, the more
I read, the more I learn,
ju pli oni skribos en Es-
peranto, despli ĝifaciliĝos,
the more one writes in
Esperanto, the easier it
becomes.
desegn-i, to draw, to design.
desert-o, dessert.
despot-o, despot.
despotism-o, despotism.
destin-z, to destine; antail
— i, to predestine.
detal-o, detail ; — a, de-
tailed, circumstantial ;
— i, to give details of ;
— e, by retail.
determin-i, to determine.
detra-i, to destroy ; — egi,
to demolish.
dev-i, must, to have to ;
— igi, to feel compelled ;
— igi, to compel ; — ige,
compulsorily; — o, duty.
deven-o, origin ; — ajoj, de-
rivatives.
deviz-o, emblem, motto.
dezert-o, desert; — a, waste,
deserted; — ulo, an-
chorite.
dezinfekt-4, to disinfect ;
— 0, disinfection.'
dezir-z, to wish, to desire ;
— egi, to desire ardently,
to be very anxious to ;
mi — as at vi bonan tagon,
I wish you good day.
Di-o, God ; — a, divine ;
— eco, divine nature;
— igi, to deify; — servo,
divine ser\ice ; — ino,
goddess; — o volu ! may
God, would to God !
diabet-o, diabetes ; — a,
diabetic.
diabl-o, devil.
diadem-o, diadem.
diafan-a, transparent;
— eco, transparency;
— igi, to become trans-
parent.
diafragm-o, diaphragm.
diagnostik-o, diagnos-
tics.
diagnoz-i, to diagnose; — o,
diagnosis.
diagonal-o, diagonal ; — a
linio, diagonal line.
diakon-o, deacon.
dialekt-o, dialect.
dialektik-o, dialectics.
dialog-^^, dialogue.
diamant-o, diamond.
24
DIAMETR-0
DIS
diametr-0, diameter.
diant-o, pink, dianthus.
diapazon-o, pitch, dia-
pason.
diboĉ-i, to be a debauchee ;
— igi, to debauch, to
corrupt ; — o, debauch,
debauchery.
didaktik-a, didactic.
didelf-o, kangaroo, did el-
phis (zoolog.).
diet-o, diet (medic).
difekt-i, to damage, to
spoil, to vitiate.
diferenc-i, to differ, to be
different from; — igi, to
distinguish, to make dis-
tinct.
difin-i, to define, to intend,
to give the meaning, etc.;
— i por, to destine for.
difteri-o, diphtheria.
difterit-o, diphtheritis.
diftong-o, diphthong.
dig-o, dike, dam.
digest-z, to digest; — ado,
digestion.
dik-a, big, thick, corpulent;
mal — a, thin, slender,
lean ; — eco, bulk, thick-
ness; nial — ega, slim,
lank; — korpa, squat,
corpulent.
dikt-i, to dictate ; — ado,
— ajo, dictation.
diktator-o, dictator.
dilem-o, dilemma.
dilet-^, to delight in ;
— anio, dilettante, ama-
teur.
diligent-fl, diligent, atten-
tive ; — 0, diligence ;
mal—o, negligence.
dimanc-o, Sunday.
diminutiv-o, diminutive
{gram.).
dinamik-o, dynamics.
dinamism-o, dynamism.
dinamit-c>, dynamite.
dinamometr-o, dynamo-
meter.
dinasti-o, dynasty.
diplom-o, diploma.
diplomat-o, diplomatist.
diplomati-o, diplomacy.
dii-i, to say (to tell); antaii
— i, to foretell, to pre-
dict ; kontraŭ — i, to con-
tradict; — 0, a saying;
el — 0, dictum, statement,
sentence.
direkci-o, management
(manager's office), body
of directors.
direkt-i, to direct, to in-
- struct; — 0, the direction
(to be followed); — ado,
management of any-
thing ; — ilo, helm ; — il-
isto, pilot, helmsman.
direktor-o, director.
direktori-o, directory.
dis-, separating affix :
— hari, to obstruct ;
25
DISCIPLlN-0
DOG-0
— bati, to knock down ;
— doni, to distribute ;
— igi, to separate {active) j
— igi, to separate (mutu-
ally) ; — igo, schism, dis-
union ; — igo, — iro,
separation ; — jeti, to
throw ; — jefi, to throw
about ; — peli, to dis-
perse persons or things ;
— porti, to carry here
and there ; — premi, to
crush to pieces; — rompo,
disruption ; — salti, to
break in splinters ;
semi, to sow ; — semi,
to scatter, to dissemin-
ate ; — seiidi, to send
right or left ; — ŝiri,
— pecigi, to tear to
pieces ; — suti, to shoot
out solids ; — vastigi, to
spread (news), to dis-
seminate ; — vendi, to
sell largely ; — verŝi, to
spill, to pour out liquids ;
— volvo, devolution.
disciplin-o, discipline.
disenteri-o, dysentery.
disertaci-o, dissertation.
disk-o, disc.
diskont-o, discount ; — i,
to discount.
diskret-a, discreet ; — eco,
discretion.
diskut ?, to discuss; — ebla,
debatable, disputable.
dispepsi-o, dyspepsia ; — a,
dyspeptic.
dispon-i, to dispose (not to
arrange).
disput-i, to dispute; — o,
quarrel, altercation.
distil-?!, to distil ; — ejo,
distillery; — ilo, alembic,
still ; — isto, distiller.
disting-i, to distinguish ;
— igi, to distinguish one-
self, to become famous ;
— iga, distinctive.
dltiramb-o, dithyramb.
distr-z, to take away the
attention ; — o, the act
of taking away the at-
tention ; — ajo, want of
attention ; — eco, state
of inattention ; — iia,
absent-minded.
distrikt-o, district.
divan-o, divan.
diven-?', to guess.
divers-a, diverse, varied.
divid-i, to partake, to
share ; — ado, division
(arithm.) ; ne — ita, un-
divided ; 71Ĉ — ehla, in-
divisible.
dividend-o, dividend.
divizi-o, division (milit.).
*do, therefore, consequent-
ly, then (argumentative).
docent-o, tutor (in a uni-
versity).
dog-o, bull-dog, mastilT.
26
DOGM-0
DRINK-I
dogm-Oj dogma ; — a, dog-
matic.
doĝ-o, doge.
doktor-(5, doctor.
doktrin-o, doctrine.
dokument-o, document.
dolar-o, dollar.
dolĜ-a, sweet; — ema,
— ega, pleasant (in man-
ner); — igi, to sweeten,
to assuage.
dolor-z, to cause pain
(trans.); — o, pain, ache,
grief, sorrow.
dom-o, house ; — eto, cot-
tage, small house; — ano,
one belonging to the
house ; — e, at home ; iri
— en, to go home.
domaĝ-o, pity [i.e. regret-
table affair) ; estas — o,
it is a pity.
domen-o, domino.
don-i, to give ; sin — a,
self-sacrificing, devoted ;
al — i, to add ; el — isio,
publisher, editor; el — i,
to publish, to edit ; dis-
— i, to distribute.
donac-z, to make a gift;
— 0, a present, a gift.
dorlot-i, to coddle, to
pamper, to fondle.
dorm-z, to sleep; — eti, to
doze; — eto, a nap;
— egi, to sleep heavily ;
— ema, fond of sleep;
mal — ema, wakeful; mat
— i, to watch, to sit up ;
ek — i, to fall asleep ;
— ocamhro, bedroom;
— igi, to lull to sleep.
dom-o, thorn.
dors-o, back (the).
dot-i,to endow; — o, dower,
portion.
doz-o, dose (med.).
dragon-o, dragoon.
drak-o, dragon.
drakm-o, drachma.
drakon-a, draconic, dra-
conian.
dram-o, drama; — a, drama-
tic ; — aŭtoro, dramatic
author, playwright.
dramaturgi-o, dramaturgy.
drap-o, cloth.
drapir-i, to drape.
drast-a, drastic.
draŝ-i, to thrash (corn);
— ilo, flail.
drelik-6', drilling, heavy
cotton, twilled goods.
dres-z, to train (for some-
thing) ; to adjust, to
dress, etc.
driad-o, driad.
drink-^, to drink to excess ;
— e?na, addicted to
drink ; — anto, drinker ;
— ulo, drunkard ; — ejo,
drink-shop ; — ejmastro,
keeper of a drinking
bar, or tap-room.
DRO(>-0
CH-
drog-0, drug; — isto, drug-
gist.
dromedar-o, dromedary.
dron-i, to get drowned ;
— igi, to drown (i.e. to
cause to drown).
drmd-ĉ>, druid.
*du, two ; dua, second ;
— e, secondly ; — o, — efo,
duet (also a two at cards) ;
— ono, half (noun); — ona,
half (adj.) ; — ojje, two
together; — obla, double;
— opa, double (collective-
ly); — ohligi, to double ;
— onpafro, stepfather (i.e.
half-father).
dub-e, to doubt; — o, doubt;
sen — a, undoubted ; ne
— Ĉ, sen — (?, without
doubt, no doubt.
duel-i, to fight a duel ; — o,
a duel ; — isto, duelist.
duk-o, duke.
dukat-o, ducat.
■^dum, during, whilst, while;
— e, meanwhile, mean-
time.
dung-i, to hire (men, etc.);
— ato, hired man.
duplikat-o, duplicate.
dwc-o, douro (Spanish coin).
duŝ-o, douche, shower-
bath.
-e, mark of the derivative
adverb ; bona, good ; — e,
well ; granda, great,
large ; —e, greatly,
largely; siucera, sincere;
— e, sincerely (4).
eben-ft, even; — ajo, a
plain; — igij to make
even.
-ebl-, shows possibility :
kredi, to believe ; kred-
— a, credible ; kred — e,
possibly, likely; iravidi,
to see through ; travid-
— a, transparent ; fleksi,
to bend ; fleks — a, flex-
ible ; — e, perhaps ;
— eco, possibility ; — igi^
to enable (6).
ebon-o, ebony.
ebri-a,inebriate, intoxicated
(also figuratively); — eco,
inebriety ; — igi, to in-
toxicate ; — igi, to get
intoxicated ; — ulo, an
intoxicated man.
ec-, suffix of abstract quality-
(good or bad) ; hela, fine,
beautiful; 6ĉZ—ĉ>, beauty;
virino, woman ; vii'in
— 0, womanliness; a/niI:o,
friend, amik — o, friend-
28
ECM)
EK-
ship ; granda, great,
large ; grand — o, size,
dimension (2).
ec-o, a distinctive mark or
quality,
*eĉ, even (adv.).
Eden-o, Eden,
edif-i, to edify.
edikt-o, edict,
eduk-f, to bring up, to
educate ; — ato, pupil ;
— ado, education given ;
— iteco, education re-
ceived ; — isfo, educator.
edz-o, married man ; — iiio,
wife ; doktoro, doctor,
doldor — mo, doctor's
wife ; lavistino, washer-
woman, laundress ; lav-
istin — 0, laundress's
husband ; — igo, wed-
ding ; — eco, matrimony;
— 0, the act ; — eco, effica-
ciousness ; — atajo, .the
etfect produced,
-eg-, shows intensity :
varma, warm ; varm — a,
hot ; pordo, door ; poi'd
— 0, gate, portal ; bona,
good ; bon — a, excellent;
granda, great, large ;
grand — a, huge; pafilo,
gun ; pafil — o, cannon,
big gun.
egal-a, equal; — eco, equal-
ity ; — pezo, equilibrium,
equipoise ; — ulo, an
equal ; egali, to equal;
— igi, to equalize.
Egid-o, ^gis (mytholog.),
Egipt-a, Egyptian (adj.);
— 0, an Egyptian ; — ujo,
— lando, Egypt,
eglefin-o, haddock.
— tgi, to get married j eglog-o, eklog-o, eclogue,
(man) ; — inigi, to get i egoism-o, egotism, selfish-
married (woman) ; — igi, ness,
to marry a couple. egoist-o, egotist ; — a,
efekt-o, efTect ; fari -on, to ^ selfish,
produce an effect. eh—o, echo.
efektiv-a, effective, real, -ej-, shows place allotted
actual ; — ajo, reality, re-
alization ; — e, indeed,
effectively ; — igi, to give
effect, to realise; — igi,
to be effected, to be
realized.
efemer-a, ephemeral.
efik-i, to have effect, to act ;
to : kuiri, to cook ; kuir
— 0, kitchen; pregi, to
pray ; preg — o, house
of prayer, church or
chapel ; lerni, to learn ;
lern — o, school ; cevalo,
horse ; ceval — o, stable,
ek-, shows beginning or
29
EKLEKTIK-A
EKVACI-0
short duration : kanti,
to sing ; — kanti, to start
singing ; brili, to shine ;
— brili, to flash ; ridi,
to langh ; — ridi, to
burst out laughing ; krii,
to cry ; — krii, to ex-
claim, to cry out ;
— tusegi, to run against.
eklektik-a, eclectic ; — o,
eclectics.
eklekticism-o, eclecticism.
eklezi-o, the church (not
the building).
ekliptik-o, ecliptic.
ekonom-o, superintendent.
ekonomi-o, economy;
— isto, economist ; — ema,
addicted to economy.
eks- (ex), who has been,
formerly; — kolonelo,
ex-colonel ; — igi, to re-
move, to discharge from
an employment ; — igi,
to resign a position ;
— edzigo, a divorce.
Ekscelenc-o, Excellency
(title).
ekscentr-o, excentric ; — eco,
excentricity.
eksces-o, extravagance,
excess.
ekscit-i, to excite, to move
inwardly.
eksklusiv-a, exclusive.
ekskomunik /, to excom-
municate.
ekskrement-o, excrement.
ekskurs-o, excursion.
ekspansi-o, expansion; — a,
expansive.
eksped-i, to expedite, to
dispatch.
eksperiment-i, to experi-
ment.
ekspertiz-o, survey (by ex-
perts).
eksplod-i, to explode; — igi,
to cause explosion, to
explode something.
ekspluat-i, to work out, to
improve, to work some-
thing for profit.
eksport-?', to export ; — o,
exportation.
ekspozici-o, exposition, ex-
hibition.
ekspres-a, express (adj.).
ekstaz-o, estacy.
ekstemporal-o, extempori-
zation.
^ekster, outside, external,
outer : — e, outwardly ;
— 0, the outside; — ajo,
the exterior arrange-
ment ; — ordinara, ex-
traordinary ; — en sendi,
to export.
eksterm-i, to exterminate,
to crush out.
ekstr-a, extra.
ekstrakt-o, extract (noun).
ekstrem-a, extreme.
ekvaci-o, equation.
30
EKVATOR-0
ELEVATOR-0
ekvator-0 equator.
ekvilibr-o, equilibrium;
- — isto, equilibrist.
ekvilibrism-o, equilibrium,
rope-dancing.
ekvivalent-o, equivalent
{noun).
ekvivok-(i, equivocal {adj.) ;
— 0, —eco, equivocation.
ekzamen-^, to test, to ex-
amine.
ekzantem-o, exantliem
{med.), (eruption).
ekzegez-o, exegesis.
ekzekut-i, to put to death,
to execute.
ekzem-o, eczema.
ekzempl-o, example.
ekzempler-o, copy (of a
book).
ekzerc-^, to exercise ; — o,
exercise.
ekzil-^, to banish, to exile.
ekzist-i, to exist ; — ajo, a
being of any sort.
*el, out of, from among ;
extraction, issue ; iri,
to go ; — iri, to go
out ; jeti, to throw ;
— jeti, to throw out ;
veni, to come ; — veni,
to come from, to result
from ; flui, to flow ;
— flui, to flow from ;
tiri, to draw ; — tiri,
to extract from; — igi,
to retire from, to with-
knowing
about things
draw; — turnigema,
how to set
-acefi, to
]my;—acetinto,liedeen\vv.
*el as a prefix also has a
meaning of thorough-
ness, completion : lerni,
to learn; —^6T?w, to study,
to master thoroughly ;
labori, to work ; — labori,
to achieve, to work out
thoroughly ; ĵ)eiisi, to
think ; — pensi, to in-
vent ; sendi, to send ;
— sendi, to export ;
— sendo, export.
elast-a, elastic.
elefant-o, elephant; — osto,
ivory.
elegant-a, elegant.
elegi-o, elegy.
elekt-i, to choose.
elektr-o, electricity ; — a,
electric; — eco, state of
electricity; — igi, to elec-
trify.
elektrofor-o, electrophor-
us.
elektroliz-o, electrolysis.
elektromotor-o, electro-
motor.
elektroteknik-c, electro-
technics.
elektroterapi-o, electro-
therapy.
element-o, element.
elevator-o, lift, elevator.
31
ELF-0
EPIFANI-0
elf-0, an elf.
eliksir-ĉ), elixir.
elips-o, ellipsis.
Elize-c, Elysium.
elizi-^, to elide; — o, elision.
elokvent-a, eloquent; —eco^
eloquence.
-em-, propensity, disposi-
tion : babili, to chatter ;
babil — a, loquacious,
kredi, to believe ; kred — a;
credulous; — o, tendency.
emajl-o, enamel; — a, of
enamel ; — i, to enamel.
emancip-i, to emancipate ;
— 0, emancipation.
embaras-o, encumbrance,
hindrance ; — i, to hin-
der, to be in the way.
emberiz-o, bunting (bird),
yellow-hammer.
emblem-o, symbol, emblem.
embrazur-6», embrasure.
embri-o, embryo
embriologi-o, embryology
embusk-o, ambush.
emerit-o, emeritus.
emfaz-o, emphasis.
emigraci-o, emigration.
Eminenc-o, Eminence
(title).
eminent-a, eminent; —ulo,
eminent personage;
— ularo, the elite.
empiri-«, empirical.
empirism-o, empirism.
■^en, in, into ; used as a
prefix in many words :
iri, to go ; — iri, to go
in, to enter; meti, to
put; — meti, to enclose,
to put in; presi, to print;
— presi, to print in, to
insert ; havi, to have ;
— havi, to have in, to
contain ; — haw, con-
tents ; — artikigi, to set
(a bone).
enciklopedi-o, encyclopedia.
endivi-o, endive.
energi-o, energy ; sen — a
I sluggish.
I engraŭl-6>, northern an-
i chovy.
1 enigm-o, enigma, puzzle.
I enket 0, inquest.
entomologi-o, entomology.
I entrepren-z, to under-
take.
entuziasm-o, enthusiasm ;
— a, enthusiastic; — igi
to enrapture, to cause
enthusiasm.
enu-i, to feel dull, to be
wearied ; — o, weariness ;
— iga, tedious, weari-
some ; — igi, to weary
others, to be tedious,
tiresome.
envi-i, to envy.
eparhi-o, diocese.
epidemi-o, epidemy.
epidenn-6», epidermis.
Epifani-o, Epiphany.
32
EPIGRAF-0
ESTIM-I
epigraf-0, epigraph.
epikurism-o, epicurism.
epikurist-o, an epicure.
epilepsi-o, epilepsy.
epilog-o, epilogue.
episkop-o, bishop ; hĵ — c>,
archibishop; — ejo^
bishop's palace ; — ĉco,
episcopacy.
epistol-o, epistle.
epitaf-o, epitaph.
epitet-o, epithet.
epitom-o, epitome.
epizod-o, episode.
epizooti-o, murrain.
epok-o, epoch, period.
epolet-o, epaulet, shoulder-
strap.
epope-^, epopee.
epos-o, epic (poem) ; — a,
epic {ficlj.)] — isto, epic-
poet.
-er-, unit of whole ; sahlo,
sand ; sahl — o, grain of
sand ;fajro, fire ;/cyV — o,
spark ; mono, money ;
mon — 0, coin; hajlo, hail;
hajl — 0, hail-stone.
erar-i, to err; — o, error,
mistake ; — lumo, will o'
the wisp ; ignis fatuus.
erik-o, heather ; — ejo,
heath.
erinac-o, hedgehog.
erizipel-o, erysipelas.
ermen-o, ermine ; — felo,
ermine (fur)
ermit-o, hermit.
erotik-a, erotic.
erp-f, to harrow (the
ground) ; — ilo, a harrow.
enipci-o, volcanic erup-
tion.
escept-2, to except; — o,
exception.
esenc-o, essence (philo-
sophy).
eskadr-ĉ?, squadron (naval).
eskadron-o, squadron
(mil it.).
eskarp-o, escarpment.
Eskim-o, Esquimo.
eskort-o, escort.
esper-i, to hope ; — o, hope ;
7nal — i, to despair.
esplor-i, to explore, to scru-
tinize, to look through ;
to investigate ; — ema,
fond of scrutinizing ;
— isfo, an explorer ; — Oj
scrutiny ; — emo, in-
quisitiveness.
esprim-i, to express by
word, or sign.
est-i, to be; — ajo, a being;
— ado, existence ; — ant
eco, the present; — int
eco, the past; — onteco,
the future.
establ-e, to establish ; — o,
establishment.
estetik-a, esthetic (adj.).
estim-i, to esteem; — inda,
estimable ; mal — i, to
33
ESTING-I
EZOK-0
despise ; — o, esteem ;
mal—o, contempt ; —egi,
to think highly of.
esting-i, to extinguish ;
— igi, to die out ; — igo,
extinction undergone.
-estr-, chief, leader, head ;
ŝipo, ship ; sip — o, cap-
tain ; regno, state ; regn
— 0, head of the state ;
regimento, regiment ;
regiment — o, head of
the regiment ; lernejo,
school; lernej — o, school-
master; — aro, the staff;
the chiefs as a body.
estr-o, a chief ; — ino, a
matron.
estrad-o, rostrum, plat-
form.
eŝafod-o, scaffold (for execu-
tions).
-et-, diminutive ; knabo,
boy; knah — o, little boy;
knabino, girl ; knabin
— 0, little girl : varma,
warm ; varm — a, tepid ;
rido, laughter ; rid — o,
smile ; rid — ^, to smile.
et-a, little, small (adj.).
etaĝ-o, story (of a house) ;
inter — o, entresol.
etat-o, social standing,
status.
etend-i, to extend ; — o, ex-
tension ; — ebla, duc-
tile,
eter-o, ether,
etern-a, eternal ; — eco,
eternity ; je — e, for ever,
for eternity.
etik-<9, ethics.
etiket-o, etiquette.
etimologi-o, etymology.
etiologi-o, etiology.
Etiop-fl^ (adj.), Ethiopian;
— 0, an Ethiopian; — ujo,
Ethiopia,
etnografi-o, ethnography.
etnologi-o, ethnology.
eŭdiometr-o, eudiometer.
eŭdiometri-o, eudiometry.
eŭfemism-6», euphemism.
Eŭkaristi-o, Eucharist.
Eumenid-q;", Eumenides
(myh.).
eiinuk-o, eunuch.
Eŭrop-a, European (adj.) ;
— ano, a European ; — o,
Europe,
evangeli-o, gospel, evangel,
eventual-ĉ', contingently ;
— a, contingent upon
necessity.
evident-a, evident ; — eco,
evidence,
evit-i, to avoid,
evoluci-c, evolution,
ezofag-o, oesophagus.
ezok-o, pike (a fish).
34
FAB-0
FANATIK-A
fab-0, bean.
fabel-o, story, (made up)
tale.
fabl-o, fable; — isto, fabu-
list.
fabrik-o, factory ; — anto,
maker ; — ado, manu-
facture, making ; — a, of
the factory.
facet-o, facet; — i, to make
facets.
facil-6^, easy ; — mora,
active, nimble.
faden-o, thread ; metal — o,
wire ; silka — o, silk-
thread.
faeton-o, phaeton.
fag-o, beech, beech-tree.
fajenc-6», earthenware ; — a,
made of earthenware.
fajf-i, to whistle ; — ilo, a
whistle.
fajl-^, to file ; — ilo, a
file.
fajr 0, fire ; — ero, spark.
fak-o, compartment, section,
division, shelf; la firmo
havas kvar — ojn, the
firm has four depart-
ments, etc.
fakir-o, fakir.
faksimil-o, facsimile.
fakt-o, fact.
faktor-o, printer's overseer,
or foreman.
faktori-c?, factory, depot,
business agency.
faktur-(?, invoice, bill of
lading.
fakultat-o, faculty (of medi-
cine, law, etc.).
fal-i, to fall ; — o, fall ;
en — i, to fall into ;
— eti, to stumble, to
falter, etc.
falang-o, phalanx.
falbal-c, furbelow.
falĜ-i, to mow ; — ado,
mowing ; — ilo, scythe ;
— masino, a mowing
machine.
fald-z", to fold ; 7nal — i, to
unfold; — i a/, to tuck up.
falk-o, falcon.
fals-2, to falsify, adulterate,
debase, forge ; — ajo,
falsification, adultera-
tion, a forgery ; — ado,
forger}^ (state) ; — info,
a forger, a falsifier ;
— luJcsa, tawdry.
falt-o, wrinkle (forehead).
fam-o, noise, public rumour.
famili-o, family ; — a, fam-
iliar, of the family.
familiar-^, familiar ; — eco,
familiarity.
fanatik-«, fanatical; — eco,
fanaticism ; — nlo, a
fanatic.
35
FAND-I
FEDERALISlM-0
fand-i, to smelt, (ad.);
— iĝ% to melt (neut.);
— ejo, a foundry ; — ajo,
an ingot; kun — igo,
union by fusion.
fanfar-o, fanfare, flourish
of trumpets.
fanfaron-i, to boast.
fantazi-^?, fancy, imagina-
tion.
fantom-o, spectre, ghost.
far-z, to make, to do ; to
render, to give (pleas-
ure) ; — 0, act, doing ;
— igi, to be done, to be-
come, to take place ;
— igo, an occurrence, an
event ; al — i, to adapt ;
al — 0, adaptation ; el — i,
to achieve.
Fara-o, Pharaoh ; — o, title
applied to ancient rulers
of Egypt.
fara-o, faro (card game).
farael-o, pintado, guinea- ,
fowl. I
faring-o, pharynx, throat, j
farize-o, pharisee. |
farm-i, to farm, to take on i
lease, etc. j
farmaci-o, pharmacy (the i
art) ; — isto, a chemist, j
fars-o, farce. ;
fart-?', to be in good or bad i
health ; — o, state of i
health.
fsLTun-o, flour.
fasad-o, facade, front of
building,
fascin-ĉ), fascine, hurdle,
ifortif.).
fask-o, bundle, truse (of
hay, straw, etc.).
fason-o, shape, cut (of coat,
i etc.).
j fast-o, fast (abstinence) ;
I granda — o, Lent.
I fatal-a, fatal ; — o, fate,
I destiny.
I fatalism-o, fatalism.
j faŭk-o, jaw, opening, orifice.
! faun-o, fawn.
. fav-o, ringworm, of the
I scalp ; — a, suffering
from ringworm of the
I scalp; — ulo, one that
i suffers from it.
1 favor-ft, favourable, pro-
j pitious ; — 0, favour ;
! mal — 0, disgrace.
' faz-o, phase (astron.).
, fazan-o, pheasant ; — ejo,
I pheasant-preserve.
! fazeol-o, haricot bean.
I febr-o, fever; — a, feverish;
— ulo, one suffering from
j fever.
j Februar-o, February.
j fet-o, dregs, lees.
• feder-2, to federate ; — o,
i federation ; — a, federal.
\ federaci-o, federation.
; federal-ft, federal.
i federalism-o, federalism.
36
FElN-0
FIKS-I
fein-0, fairy (/.), (the root
being fe); feo, a male fay.
fel-Oj hide (skin of animals) ;
de — isto, a skinner; —
porparadi, to tan, to
dress white leather for
gloves.
felic-a, happy ; — o, happi-
ness ; — ega, blessed,
most happy ; — eco, state
of happiness ; — ego,
blessedness ; — egeco,
state of bliss ; — ulo, a
happy man ; — egulo, a
blessed one.
felieton-o, feuilleton.
felp-o, A^elveteen.
felt-o, felt (material).
feminism-o, feminism.
feminist-o, feminist.
femur-o, thigh ; — osto,
femur.
fen-o, Swiss warm south
wind.
fend-?, to split ; — o, slit,
crevice, chink ; — eto, a
fissure, a crack.
fenestr-o, window.
fenikopter-o, flamingo.
feniks-o, phoenix.
fenkol-6>, fennel.
fenomen-o, phenomenon.
fer-o, iron ; — a, made of
iron ; rojo, way ; — vojo,
railway.
ferdek-o, deck (of a ship).
ferm-i, to close, to shut ;
37
mal — i, to open; — o,
closing; mal — o, opening.
ferment-i, to ferment;
— ilo, leaven, yeast.
fervor-o, zeal, fervour.
fes-o, fez (cap).
fest-i, to celebrate, to enter-
tain ; — 0, celebration.
festen-z, to banquet, to
feast ; — o, banquet.
feston-o, festoon.
fetiĉ-o, fetish.
feud-a, feudal ; — o, feudal
tenure.
feŭdal-a, feudal.
^fi ! fie !
fiakr-o, hackney-coach, cab.
fianc-o, betrothed (m.) ;
— igo, betrothal; — ijio,
betrothed (/.).
fiask-o, fiasco.
fibr-o, fibre.
fihrin-c, fibrine (chem.).
fid-i, to rely ujDon ; — ebla,
reliable ;. mem — o, self-
reliance ; mem — a, self-
reliant ; — erna, confid-
ing.
ŭdel-a, faithful.
fier-a, proud, haughty.
ŭg-o, fig; — ujo, fig-tree.
figur-f, to represent ; — o,
natural image ; — aĵo^
image by painting, draw-
ing, sculpture, etc.
fiks-i, to fix ; — a, station-
ary; — ita, fixed; — ecOj
FIKTIV-A
FLAM-0
fixity ; — ado^ fixing,
— ilo, fixator (instru-
ment).
fiktiv-ct, fictitious.
fil-o, son ; — igi, to adopt ;
ho — Oj son-in-law ; duon
— 0, stepson ; ho — ino,
daughter-in-law.
filantrop-o, philanthropist ;
— eco, philanthropy.
filantropi-o, philanthropy.
filharmoni-o, philharmony;
— a, philharmonic.
filatel-o, philately ; — (i,
philatelic; — isto, phila-
telist.
fili-o, branch house, branch
affiliated to.
filigran-o, filigree.
filik-o, fern ; — ejo, fern
plot.
filistr-o, philistine, vul-
garian.
filokser-o, phylloxera.
filologi-o, philology ; — isto,
philologist.
filozof-o, philosopher; — ^,
to philosophize.
filozofi-o, philosophy.
filtr-i, to filter ; — ilo, a
filter.
fin-i, to finish, to end
{active) ; — igi, to end
(neut.); — o, ending, end.
final-o, finale.
finano-o, finance; — a, finan-
cial ; — istOj financier.
fingr-o, finger; diJca
thumb ; montra — o, fore-
finger; longa — o, middle-
finger ; ringa — o, ring-
finger ; malgranda — o,
little finger ; — ingo,
thimble.
Finland-a, Finnish (adj.) ;
— ano, a Finlander;
— 0, Finland.
Finn-o, a Finn; — a,
Finnish ; — ujo, — lando,
Finland.
Firenz-o, Florence.
firm-c^, firm, strong; — ajo,
solid earth, dry ground.
firm-o, commercial house,
firm.
fisk-o, fisc, public treasury.
fistul-o, fistula.
fiŜ-(9, fish ; — isto, pisci-
c u 1 1 u r i s t ; — kwptisto,
fisherman ; — Tcaptanto,
amateur fisherman, ang-
ler ; — vendejo, fish-mar-
ket ; — vendisto, fish-
monger ; — hoJco, fish-
hook ; — oleo, fish oil ;
— aro, shoal of fishes.
fizik-o, physics ; — a, physi-
cal.
fiziologi-o, physiology.
fizionomi-o, physiognomy,
fjord-o, fjord, fiord.
flag-o, marine flag, banner.
flam-o, flame ; — a, in
flames ; — i, to be burn-
38
FLAMAND-A
FOJ-0
ing, to be flaring ; ek — i,
to begin to barn ; — eco,
ardour ; — igi, to en-
flame ; — igi, to ignite,
— igema, inflammable.
Flamand-a (adj.), Flemish ;
— 0, a Fleming; — ujo,
Flanders,
flan-o, custard, flawn, pan-
cake.
flanel-o, flannel.
flank-o, side ; antaŭa — o,
front, fa9ade ; iri la
— on, to step on one
side ; — en I make
way ! ; per — o, on one
side; — ajo, wing of a
building.
fla^-^, to smell, to scent;
— tabako, snufF.
flat-e, to flatter ; — ema,
addicted to flattery ;
— ulo, a flatterer.
flav-a, yellow ; — ruga,
reddish.
ŭeg-i, to nurse the sick.
flegm-o, phlegm ; — a,
phlegmatic.
fleks-2, to bend, to bow ;
— 0, bending (noun) ;
— ebla, flexible.
fleksi-o, flexion.
flik-i, to patch up, to mend.
flirt-i, to flit about, to
flutter, to flirt.
flok-o, flake (of snow, etc.).
flor-^, to flower, to bloom ;
— 0, flower ; — eto,
floweret, little flower ;
— ado, efflorescence,
flowering season ; — isto,
florist ; ek — i, to blow
into flower; — ejo, flower
garden ; — ujo, flower
vase ; — vazo, vase of
flowers.
floren-o, florin.
ŬOS-0, raft; — i, to float
wood.
ŬVi-i, to flow ; — 0, current ;
— a, fluid ; — ajo, a fluid
(scienc.) ; al-—o, high
water ; foi' — o, low water;
en — 0, mouth of river ;
kun — iĝo, confluent ; de
— ilo, trench, culvert,
gutter; de — ilego, sewer.
flug-i, to fly (birds) ; fai' — i,
to fly away; — ilo, wing,
pinion ; al — i, to fly to-
wards ; — -jjor^i, to waft.
fluid-a, liquid {adj.); — ajo,
liquid (noun) ; — igi, to
liquefy ; — igi, to be-
come liquid.
fluor-o, fluorine.
flut-o, flute.
foir-c), fair (market).
foj-o, (occasion, time): — e,
once, one day (indefinite);
unu — e, once, on a cer-
tain time (definite); unua
— e or unuan — on,
first time ; ia — e, at
39
FOJN-0
FORTIK-A
times {indefinite) ; Tcellca
— e, sometimes ; multa
— e, many times ; ciu
— e hiam or ciun — on
kiam, whenever.
fojn-o, hay.
fok-o, seal, sea-dog.
foken-o, porpoise.
fokus-o, focus.
fold-f, to fold (bookbind-
ing)-
foli-o, leaf; — ego, folio;
tri — 0, clover, trefoil.
fomeIlt-^, to foment (med.) ;
— 0, fomentation.
fond-i, to found, to estab-
lish ; — 0, founding, cre-
ating, establishing.
fonetik-fl^, phonetic {adj.).
fonoffraf-o, phonograph.
fonometr-o, phonometer
font-o, spring (of water).
fontan-o, fountain.
fontanel-f), fontanel.
*for, away from : — de tie
ci, fripono ! get thee
hence, rascal ! — iri, to
go away ; — porti, to
carry away ; — igi, to
omit, to do away with ;
— i(ji, to withdraw ;
— preni, to take away ;
— kuri, to run away ;
— permesi, to grant leave
of absence.
forfikul-o, earwig.
forges-i, to forget; — o,
forgetfulness
forgetful
bel — a,
re — i,
—igi,
— ema^
■emo, in^
clination to forget.
forĝ-i, to forge at the anvil;
kun — i, to weld; — isto,
farrier.
fork-o, fork; — eto, small
fork ; — ego, pitchfork.
form-o, shape; — i, to shape,
to give a shape; — igi,
to take shape ; — a, relat-
ing to the shape ; pir — a,
pear-shaped ; rond — a,
round shaped ; fiŝ — a,
in the shape of a fish ;
finely shaped ;
to reform ; ali
to transform ;
ado, formation.
formaci-o, formation {geol.).
formal-a, formal ; — ajo,
formality.
format-o, size, shape (of a
book).
formik-o, ant ; — ejo^ ant-
hill.
f ormul-o, formula ; — i, to
draw up in due form ;
— aro, formulary.
forn-o, stove, oven, furnace.
fort -ft, strong; — o,
strength, force ; per — o,
violence ; per — i, to do
violence, to force.
fortepian-o, pianoforte.
fortik-a, solid, robust ;
— igi, to strengthen, to
40
FORUM-0
FRIPON-0
consolidate ; — ajo, for-
tress.
forum-o, forum.
fos-i, to dig, to delve ;
— ilo, spade ; svh — ^, to
undermine,
fosfor-o, phosphorus,
fost-o, post, stake.
fotograf-i, to photograph ;
— ado, photography;
— ajo, a photograph ;
— isto, a photographer,
frag-o, strawberry ; — ujo,
strawberry plant.
fragment-o, fragment,
fraj-o, spawn,
frak-o, evening dress
coat,
frakas-?', to break to pieces,
to shatter.
frakci-o, fraction ; — a,
fractional.
fraksen-o, ash, ash-tree.
framason-o, freemason;
— aro, freemasonry,
framb-o, raspberry ; — ujo,
raspberry cane.
Franc-ĉi, French {adj.) ;
— 0, a Frenchman ;
— ujo, — lando, France,
frand-i, to be fond of
sweets ; — ema, fond of
sweets ; — ajo, sweets,
dainties, delicacies;
— eco, daintiness, state
of what is delicate,
dainty.
frangol-o, black alder.
franĝ-o, fringe.
frank-o, frank (silver
coin).
frap-^, to knock; — o, a
knock ; — ado, knock-
ing ; — anta, striking,
impressive.
frat-o, brother ; — ino,
sister ; — a, fraternal ;
— eco, fraternity ; — igi,
to fraternize ; duon — o,
half-brother.
fraul-c, single man, bache-
lor ; — ino. Miss, single
woman, young lady ;
— eco, celibacy.
fraz-o, phrase, sentence.
fregat-o, frigate.
fremd-fl^, foreign {adj.) ;
— ulo, foreigner ; — o
lando, foreign country.
frenez-a, mad {adj.); — ulo,
madman ; — eco, mad-
ness ; — ajo, an act of
madness; — igi, to
grow mad ; — igi, to
madden.
fresk-o, fresco.
freŝ-a, fresh (recent):
— eco, novelty ; re — igi,
to freshen, to renew.
Frigi-o, Phrygia.
fring-o, chaffinch.
fringel-o, canary bird.
fripon-(), rogue, knave,
cheat ; — i, to act as a
41
FRIS-0
FURIOZ-A
rogue, knave, cheat, to
cheat.
fris-o, frieze (cloth) ; also
arch (archit.).
fnt-i, to fry; — aĵo, fried
things.
friYol-a, frivolous.
friz-^, to curl (hair).
fromaĝ-o, cheese ; — ejo,
cheese dairy.
front-o, front (of an army).
fronton-o, fronton.
frost-o, frost ; — a, frosty ;
— i, to freeze (ad. ) ;
— iĝi, to freeze (neut.):
irem — o, cold fit, feverish
shiver.
frot-^, to rub ; de — i, to
take away by rubbing ;
de — ajo, scratch, excoria-
tion ; — lavi, to scour.
*fru-e, early; — a, early
(adj.) ; mal — a, coming
late ; mal — eco, tardiness;
mal — i, to be late ; mat
— iĝi to be belated ;
mal — igi, to delay ;
— matura, ripening
early, precocious.
frugileg-o, rook ; — ejo,
rookery.
frukt-o, fruit ; — igi, to
fertilize ; — iĝi, to grow
fertile ; — odona, fruit
giving ; — oporto, fertil-
ity ; sen — a, fruitless,
barren; sen — eco, barren-
ness ; — ejo, fruit-gar-
den; — arhejo, orchard;
— otenejo, fruit-store;
— obutiko, fruiterer's
shop; — ajo, jam, etc.
frunt-o, forehead ; — ajo,
frontage.
ftiz-o, phthisis, consump-
tion.
fug-o, fugue (mus.).
fuk-o, wrack, fucus, sea-
weed.
fuksin-o, fuchsine.
fulard-o, silk handkerchief.
fulg-o, soot.
fulm-o, lightning ; — otondro,
thunderstorm ; — o sen
tondra, heat lightning.
fum-i, to smoke (a pipe, a
cigar, etc.); — igi, to
smoke (intr.) ; la kameno
— igas, the chimney
smokes.
fund-o, bottom.
fundaments, foundation.
funebr-o, mourning ; — a,
funereal.
funel-o, funnel.
fung-o, mushroom ; — ejo,
mushroom-bed.
funkci-o, functions ; — i,
to act, to operate, to
do.
fiint-o, pound (weight).
furag-o, forage.
Furi-o, fury (mythol.).
furioz-a, furious, raging ;
42
EURORO
GARNIZON-0
—i, to be in a rage ; — o,
rage, fury ; — eco, state
of fury.
furor-o, furore.
furunk-o, a boil.
fusten-o, fustian,
fuŝ-i, to bungle, to
work,
fut-o, foot (measure),
fuzilier-o, fusileer.
spoil
G
gabi-o, gabion (mil).
gad-o, cod, stockfish.
gaj-a, gay, merry; —eco,
mirth, gaiety ; mal — a,
morose ; mal—i, to grow
morose; — igi, to en-
liven ; — i, to be merry.
gajl-o, gall-nut, oak-apple.
gajn-i, to gain ; mal — i, to
lose.
gal-o, bile, gall.
galant-o, snowdrop (flower).
galanteri-o, articles of mil-
linery, toilet requisites.
galantin-o, galantine (cook-
ery).
galen-o, galena (sulphurate
of lead).
galer-o, galley (ship).
galeri-o, gallery.
galicism-o, gallicism.
galium-o, gallium.
Gall-wyo,Gaul (the country);
— a, Gallic.
galon-o, galoon, gold-lace.
galop-?', to gallop; — ĉ, at
a gallop.
galoŝ-o, galosh.
galvan-ĉi, galvanic; — igi,
to galvanize.
galvanism-o, galvanism.
gam-o, gamut, musical scale.
gamaŝ-o, gaiter.
gangli-o, ganglion (med.).
gangren-o, gangrene.
gant-o, glove.
garanti-i, to warrant, to
guarantee ; — ajo, pledge,
forfeit; — ulo, hostage.
garb-o, sheaf ; —ejo, a barn.
garcini-o, garcinia {hot.}.
gard-z, to watch over;
— anto, one who watches;
— isto, warder, keeper,
guard ; — ostaranto, sen-
tinel, sentry ; antau — i, to
preserve ; sin — ema, care-
ful, watchful, prudent ;
sin — emo, circumspection.
gardeni-o, gardenia.
gargar-z, to rinse, to gargle.
garn-i, to trim, to garnish ;
— ajo, trimmings.
garnitur-c», garniture, fit-
tings.
garnizon-o, garrison,
43
GAROL-0
GLACE-A
garol-0, jay.
gas-o, gas ; — a, of gas ;
— ometro, gasmeter ;
— forma, in the form of
gas.
gast-o, guest; — i, to be a
guest at ; — amo, hospi-
tality ; — ado, stay as a
guest; — ama, hospitable.
gastronomi-o, gastronomy,
gavot-o, gavotte.
gaz-o, gauze.
gazel-o, gazelle.
gazet-o, gazette ; — aro, the
press.
ge-, persons of both sexes
together : ^m^?-^, father;
— patroj, parents ; mas-
tro, master ; — mastroj,
the master and mistress;
edzo, husband ; —edzoj,
married pair ; — sinjoi'oj,
Mr. and Mrs.
gehen-o, gehenna.
gelaten-o, gelatine.
gem-o, a gem.
gencian-o. gentian.
genealogi-o, genealogy.
generaci-o, generation (de-
scendants).
general-o, general (milit.
chief).
Genez-o, Genesis.
geni-o, body of military
engineers; genius; genie.
genitiv-o, genitive.
Geno-o, Genoa
genot-o, genet (little animal
of the weasel kind),
ratoon.
gent-o, tribe ; sam — ulOi one
of the same tribe.
genu-o, knee ; —flekso,
genuflexion; — fieksi, to
kneel.
geodezi-o, geodesy.
geognozi-o, geognosy.
geografi-o, geography.
geologi-o, geology.
geometri-o, geometry.
gerani-o, geranium.
German-a, German {adj.);
— 0, a German ; — ujo,
— lando, Germany.
gerundi-o, gerundive.
gest-o, gesture.
gicet-o, wicket, turnstile,
ticket-office window.
gig-o, gig.
gigant-o, giant ; — a, gigan-
tic.
gild-o, guild.
gilotin-o, guillotine.
gimnastik-a, gymnastic ;
— <?/o, gymnasium (phy-
sical training).
gimnazi-o, gymnasium (col-
lege of learning).
gine-o, guinea (coin).
gips-o, plaster, gypsum.
girfalk-o, gerfalcon.
girland-o, garland, wreath.
gitar-(>, guitar.
glace-a, glac^.
44
GLACI-0
GRAF-0
glaci-0, ice ; — ajo, ice, (con-
fection) ; — tenejo, ice-
house ; — igij to turn
into ice ; — vendisto, ice-
dealer ; — umi, to polish
like glass or ice; — ejo,
heap of ice in moun-
tains.
glad-^, to iron (linen) ;
— ilo, an iron.
gladiator-o, gladiator.
glan-ĉ), acorn.
gland-o, gland.
glas-6>, tumbler, drinking-
glass.
glat-a, even, smooth ; mal
— a, uneven, rough,
rugged ; mal — ajo, rough-
ness, rugosity, uneven-
ness.
glav-o, sword.
glazur-o, varnish.
glicerin-o, glycerine.
gliciriz-ĉ>, liquorice.
glikoz-o, glucose.
glim-o, mica.
gliptotek-o, statuary mu-
seum.
glit-i, to glide, to slide, to
slip ; — iga, slippery ;
— umi, to skate ; — ilo,
a skate ; — ejo, a slide ;
— veturilo, a sledge.
gldb-o, globe; — a, globular;
— eto, globule.
globus-o, globe (geog.).
glor-i, to glorify, to cele-
brate ; Dio estas — a, God
is glorious ; — a, glory ;
mal — 0, infamy, ignom-
iny ; mal — e, ignomini-
ously.
glos-o, gloss ; — arc, glos-
sary.
glu-^, to stick ; al — iĝi, to
stick to ; kun — igi, to
stick together; — o,
glue.
glut-i, to swallow, to gobble
down; en — i, to swallow
up, to gulp down.
gnom-o, gnome (elf).
gnomon-o, gnomon (ast.).
gdbi-o, gudgeon.
golet-o, schooner.
golf-o, a bay ; — eto, small
bay (geogr.).
gondol-o, gondola.
gonore-o, gonorrhea.
gorĝ-o, throat.
goril-o, gorilla.
got-a, gothic ; — o, gothic
style (noun).
graci-a, graceful (of propor-
tion) ; -^eco, grace of
make; mal — a, ungrace-
ful, awkwardly made.
grad-o, degree; — eco, gra-
dation ; — e, gradually ;
— igo, graduation.
graf-o, earl, count ; — ino,
countess ; — lando, terri-
tory under a count or
earl.
45
GRAFIT-O
GROS-0
gr&ŭto, graphite (lead for
pencils).
grajn-o, grain, pip, stone (of
fruit).
grsik-i, to croak (ravens,
etc.).
gram-o, gram (weight).
gramatik-o, grammar ; — a,
grammatical.
gran-o, a grain, a particle.
granat-o, pomegranate;
— ujo, pomegranate tree.
grand-a, great, large; — igi,
to enlarge ; pli — igi, to
grow larger; — igi, to
grow in size ; — egulo, a
giant ; mal — egulo, a
dwarf ; pli — igo, the act
of enlarging ; pli — igo,
the act of growing; — eco,
greatness ; — anima, mag-
nanimous ; mal — ajo, a
trifle ; po — e, wholesale.
grandioz-a, magnificent,
o^randiose.
granit-0, granite.
gras-o, fat (noun) ; — a, fat
{adj.) ; — igi, to fatten
(ad.) ; — igi, to get fat ;
— ega, obese, stout; mal
—a, lean, thin ; mal — eco,
leanness ; mal — igi, to
grow thin ; mal — ega,
emaciated, fleshless.
grat-2, to rub, to scratch.
gratifikaci-o, gratuity.
gratul-z, to congratulate ;
— 0, congratulation;
— ado, congratulations,
rejoicings, etc.
grav-a, important, serious.
graved-a, enceinte, preg-
nant; — igi, to conceive.
gravur-i, to engrave; — ilo,
graving tool, graver :
— isto, engraver; — o, act
of engraving; — ajo, an
engraving.
Grek-a, Greek, Grecian
(adj.); — 0, a Greek;
— ^jo, — lando, Greece.
gren-o, corn ; — ejo, corn-
loft, granary; — ujo, box
or chestfor keeping corn.
grenad-o, grenade (milit.).
Grenland-o, Greenland;
— ano, Greenlander.
gri-o, gruel, oatmeal,
groats.
grifel-o, slate-pencil, stylus.
gril-o, cricket (insect).
grimac-o, grimace ; — i, to
make faces.
grimp-i, to creep up, to
climb up.
grinc-'i, to grate ; — igi la
dentojn, to grind one's
teeth.
grip-o, influenza.
griz-a, grey; —harha, grey-
bearded.
grog-o, grog.
gros-(9, gooseberry ; — ujo,
gooseberry bush.
46
GROŜ-0
ĜINECE-0
groŭ-0, groschen.
grot-o, grotto.
grotesk-ĉt, grotesque.
gru-o, crane (bird).
grum-o, groom.
grumbl-i, to grumble.
grunt-i, to grunt.
grup-o, group.
gruz-o, slack, fine gravel.
guan-o, guano.
guberni-o, government (in
the sense of province).
gudr-o, tar ; — i, to tar.
guf-6>, large kind of oavI.
gulden-o, gulden (coin).
gXLm-o, gum (material).
gumgut-o, gum-drop, ju-
jube.
gurd-o, barrel-organ.
gust-o, taste ; hon — a, sa-
voury ; — umi, to taste ;
— umado, the sense of
taste, tasting.
gut-i, to drip ; — o, a drop ;
— eto, a tiny drop ;
- — ado, act of dropping,
falling by drops ; el — i,
to fall drop by drop, to
drip.
gutaperk-o, guttapercha.
guvern-i, to educate pri-
vately ; — istino, a pri-
vate governess.
gvardi-o, the guard (body
of troops).
gvid-z, to guide; — anto, one
acting as guide ; —isto,
professional guide.
G
garden-o, garden ; — lahor-
ado, gardening ; — kul-
turo, horticulture.
gem-i, to groan ; ek — ^, to
sigh ; — egi, to wail.
ĝen-i, to hindei', to incom-
mode; sin — i, to take
personal trouble; sen — a,
unceremonious, easy-
going.
gendarm-o, gendarme.
ĝeneral-a, general {adj. ),
common to all.
Genev-o, Geneva.
ĝentil-fl^, civil, courteous ;
— eco, civility, polite
attention, courtesy ; — e,
civilly, politely, courte-
ously.
1 ĝerm-6*, germ ; — i, to bud,
I to sprout.
■'^ĝi, it ; gin {accusative) ;
gia, its, its own.
gib-o, hump, bump, hunch ;
— a, hunchbacked ;
— ulo, a hunchback.
ĝin-o, gin (spirit).
ĝinece-o, gynecium, harem.
47
ĜIR-0
HARING-0
ĝir-0, endorsement ; — i, to
endorse; — anto, endor-
ser ; — ato, endorsee ;
— banko, transfer bar.k.
ĝiraf-o, giraffe.
*ĝis, till, until, as far as,
down to, up to.
ĝivr-o, hoar-frost.
soyo, joy; —a, joyful,
joyous ; — i, to rejoice ;
— igi, to gladden, to
cause joy.
ĝu-i, to enjoy, to rejoice in.
gust-a, just, exact; — eco,
exactness, accuracy;
ĝustatempa, opportune.
^ha ! ah ! ha !
Haban-o, Havanah.
Hades-o, Hades.
hajduk-o, Hungarian foot-
soldier.
hajl-o, hail {noun) ; — as,
it hails.
hak-z, to hack, to chop with
a hatchet; — ilo, axe,
hatchet; tra — i, to cut
through with an axe or
hatchet.
hal-o, covered market-place.
haladz-o, bad exhalation ;
— i, to give bad smells ;
en — igi, to suffer from
inhaling bad smells ;
en — ita, asphyxiated.
halebard-o, halberd.
lialt-z, to stop; — igi, to
cause to stop; — o, a
halt ; — ado, a long halt ;
— u ! stop ! — igilo, a
break (to stop machines,
vehicles) ; sen — a, with-
out a break, without
stopping {adj.), continu-
ous.
halter-o, dumb-bell; insect-
balancer.
halucinaci-o, hallucination.
hamak-o, ) , ^
•u ^ 1 )■ hammock.
namok-o, j
hamstr-o, hamster.
hans-a, hanseatic.
har-o, hair ; okul — oj, the
eyelashes; lip — oj,
moustaches ; vang — oj,
whiskers ; kol — qj, mane
(of animals) ; — aja,
hairy, hirsute ; — plena,
shaggy ; sen — a, bald ;
sen — ulo, bald man ; — ego,
bristle ; — ligo, plait of
hair, tress.
haradri-o, plover.
hard-i, to harden ; — ita,
hardened.
harem-o, harem.
haring-o, herring.
48
HARMONI-0
HERB-0
harmoni-0, harmony.
harmonik-o, harmonica, ac-
cordion.
harmonium-o, harmonium.
harp-o, harp.
harpi-o, harpy.
harpun-o, harpoon.
haŭbiz-o, howitzer
haŭt-o, hide, skin.
hav-i, to have ; — o, pro-
perty, possession; — igi^
to provide, to procure ;
en — I, to contain, to en-
close within itself, etc. ;
senen — a, empty ; en — o,
contents.
haven-o, port, harbour,
haven.
hazard-o, hazard.
*he ! hey ! halloa !
Hebre-a, Hebrew, hebraic,
Jewish {adj.); — o, Jew,
or Hebrew.
hebreism-o, Hebraism.
h.ebreist-0, hebraist.
heder-o, ivy.
hejm-o,home; — a, of home,
homely, homelike ; - — e,
at home ; mi iras — en,
I am going home {ace.
of motion towards),
(8).
hejt-i, to heat (a stove,
etc.); — ado, heating;
— isto, stoker.
hekatomb-o, hecatomb.
heksametr-o, hexameter.
hektar-o, hectare (super-
ficial measure).
hektograf-o, hectograph.
hektogram-o, hectogram
(100 grams).
hektolitr-o, hectolitre (100
litres).
hektometr-o, hectometre
(100 metres).
hel-a, clear, bright, lumin-
ous ; mal — a, dark ; —igi,
to get clearer (speaking
of light) ; la cielo — iĝas,
the sky is getting clearer.
helebor-o, hellebore, night-
shade.
helenism-c), hellenism.
helenist-o, hellenist,
helik-o, edible snail.
heliotrop-o, heliotrope.
helium-o, helium.
help-z, to help, to aid, to
assist; — o, help, aid ;
— anto, an assistant, a
help; — a, helpful;
— ema, obliging ; mal — i,
to hinder, to prevent
doing; mal — o, hin-
drance.
hemikrani-6>, neuralgic
headache.
hemorojd-o, the piles, he-
morrhoids.
hepat-o, liver ; — a, of the
liver, hepatic.
heraldik-o, heraldry {sc.).
herb-c, grass, herb; — oman-
49
HERBARI-0
HISTRIK-0
ĝanta, herbivorous; — ejo,
meadow, grass field.
herbari-o, herbarium.
hered-i, to inherit ; — anto,
heir ; — o, heritage, in-
heritance.
herez-o, heresy.
hermafrodit 0, hermaphro-
dite ; — a, of double
sex.
hermetik-a, air-tight.
herni-o, hernia, rupture.
heio-o, hero ; — ajo, heroic
deed ; — eco, heroism ;
— ino, heroine.
herold-o, herald.
heterogen-(i, heterogeneous.
hetman-o, Cossack com-
mander.
hiacint-o, hyacinth.
hidr-o, hydra.
hidrarg-o, mercury.
hidraulik-o, hydraulics.
hidrofobi-o, hydrophobia.
hidrogen-o, hydrogen.
hidrometri-o, hydrometry.
hidropati-o, h\^dropathy.
hidrops-o, dropsy.
hidrostatik-(9, hydrostatics.
hidroterapi-o, hydrothera-
py-
hidroskop-o, hydroscope.
hien-o,^ hyena.
hierarhi-o, hierarchy.
■^''hierau, yesterday ; an tan
— , the day before yes-
terday.
hieroglif-o, hieroglyph.
higien-o, hygiene.
himn-o, hymn.
Hind-a (adj.), Indian ;
a Hindoo, or Hindu ;
— ujo, India, Hindus-
tan.
hiperbol-o, hyperbole.
hipnot-a, hipnotic ; — eco,
hypnotic state ; — igi, to
hypnotize.
hipodrom-o, hippodrome.
hipoĥondri-o, hypochon-
dria ; — a, hypochon-
driac (adj.).
hipokrit-e, to pretend ; to
play the hypocrite ; — a,
hypocritical ; — ulo, a
hypocrite ; a dissembler.
hipopotam-o, hippopota-
mus.
hipotek-o, mortgage (bond).
hipotenuz-o, hypothenuse.
hipotez-o, hypothesis.
hirt-a, scrubby, bristly.
hirud-o, leech.
hirund-o, swallow (bird).
hiskiam-o, henbane.
hisop-o, hyssop.
Hispan-ci, Spanish ; — o,
Spaniard ; — ujo, — lando,
Spain.
histerik-ĉ>, hysteria, hys-
terics; — a, hysterical.
histori-o, history; — skrib-
anto, historian.
histrik-o, porcupine.
50
HISTRION-0
HUMIL-A
histrion-o, buffoon, clown.
*lio ! oh ! ho !
hoboj-o, oboe, hautboy ;
— isto, oboist, hautboyist.
*liodiaŭ, to-day ; — a, of
to-day , — matene, this
morning.
hok-o, hook ;pord — o,door-
hinge ; fis — o, fish-hook.
Holand-d, Dutch (adj.) ;
— ano, Dutchman ; — o,
Holland.
homo, human being ;
— aro, mankind ; — a,
human (adj.); sen — a,
unpeopled ; kvazaŭ — o,
scarecrow ; — amulo, phil-
anthropist.
homeopati-o, homeopathy.
homogen-d, homogeneous.
homologi-ci, homologous.
homonim-tt, homonymous.
honest-a, honest ; mal — eco,
dishonesty ; mal — ajo,
dishonest act ; mal — a,
dishonest.
honor-i, to honour; — o,
honour ; — a, touching
honour ; — ebla, that
may be honoured;
— inda, honourable,
worthy of honour; mal
— i, to dishonour ; mal
— a, dishonourable ; pro
mia — 0, upon my
honour ; sen — a, dis-
honourable.
honorari-o, honorarium,
hont-i, to be ashamed; — o,
shame ; — a, of shame ;
— inda, deserving
shame ; — iyi, to put
to shame ; to shame ;
— iga, shameful; — anta,
feeling ashamed; sen — a,
barefaced, shameless ;
— emo, bashfulness;
—ema, bashful ; —indajo,
turpitude.
hor-o, hour.
horde-o, barley.
horizont-o, horizon,
horizontal-a, horizontal.
horlog-o, clock ; |;on — o,
watch; — isto, clockmaker.
horoskop-o, horoscope.
hortensi-6>, hortensia.
hortulan-o, ortolan,
hospital-o, hospital,
hosti-o, host (consecrated
wafer).
hotel-o, hotel,
ho ve ! alas !
hub-o, hide of land ; — ulo,
the owner of same,
huf-o, hoof.
hulul-o, howlet.
hmn-o, humus, garden
mould.
human-a, humane,
humanism-c, humanism,
humanist-c, humanist.
humer-o, humerus (anal.).
humil-a, humble ; — eya^
51
HUMOR-0
IDEALIST-0
vile, low, cringing ; mal
— a, arrogant, proud,
haughty.
humor-o, humour, temper;
—ajo, witty saying,
humorous trait; — isto,
a humorist.
hund-o, dog ; — ino, bitch ;
rviro, male dog; — eto,
small dog; — ido, puppy;
— ejo, kennel ; — isto,
hound-keeper.
hupup-o, hoopoo (bird).
■^hura ! hurrah !
huz-o, large sturgeon.
huzar-o, hussar.
ĥameleon-o, chameleon,
ĥaos-o, chaos.
Ĥaron-o, Charon (mythol.).
ĥemi-o, chemistry ; — isto,
chemist,
himer-c, chimera.
Hin-a, Chinese (adj.) ; — o,
a Chinese; — vjo,—lando,
China.
ĥimrg-o, surgeon.
ĥirurgi-o, surgery (science).
ĥoler-o, cholera.
ĥor-o, choir (voices); — ejo,
the place where choris-
ters sit; — isto, choris-
ter.
horal-o, chorale (music).
-i, ending of infinitive ;
kanti, to sing.
*ia, whatever, any kind of.
*ial, for any reason or
cause.
*iam, once upon a time
(ever), as in : se — mi
venos, if ever I come
(fut.) ; se li — parolos, if
ever he speaks (fut.).
ibis-o, ibis.
•id-, young of, descendant,
issue : Izraelo, Israel ;
Izrael — o, Israelite ; hovo,
ox ; hov — 0, calf ; koko,
cock ; kok — o, chicken ;
kok — eto, a chick ; cevalo,
horse ; ceval — o, colt, foal;
ŝafo, sheep ; saf — o, lamb.
ide-o, idea, opinion ; sam
— ano, one sharing our
opinions.
ideal-o, ideal {noun); — a,
ideal {adj.).
idealismc, idealism.
idealist-o, idealist.
52
IDENT-A
ILEKS-0
ident-a, identical ; ■ — igi,
to identify.
ideografi-o, idcography.
idili-ĉ?, idyl.
idiom-(?, idiom.
idiot-o, idiot (noun).
idiotism-o, idiotisni,idiotcy .
idol-o, idol.
*ie, somewhere, anywhere.
*iel, in any way.
*ies, somebody's.
-ig-, to cause, to make :
morto, death ; mort — i,
to kill, to cause death ;
bruli, to burn ; brul — i,
to set on fire ; pura,
clean ; pur — i, to clean,
to cleanse ; veni, to come ;
vfM — i, to cause to come ;
scii, to know; sci — i, to
make known, to apprize,
to inform ; kredi, to be-
lieve; Jcred — i, to cause
to believe ; ven — o, the
compelling to come (5).
ig-e, to make (used alone):
tiu ci hezono — as sin tre
forte senti, this want
makes itself very strong-
ly felt; — u sin veni al nia
danco, make her come to
our dance; al — i al, to
intend for ; en — i en, to
cause to go in, to enter ;
el — i el, to turn out of ;
eJcs — i, to dismiss ; in-
tern — i, to sink into, to
inculcate ; hin — i hm,
to unite with.
ignam-o, yam (bot),
ignor-e, to ignore, to cut
acquaintance.
-ig-, to become, to be made,
to get, etc. : pala, pale ;
pal — i, to grow pale ;
maljuna, old ; maljun
— i, to get old ; fluida,
liquid ; fluid — i, to be-
come liquid ; rica, rich ;
ric — ^, to grow rich ; la
sun/) lev — as, the sun
rises ; nia Jcus — o, our
bed-time ; la glacio fluid
— as, the ice is thawing;
eJcs — i, to resign ; la
fluid — de V glacio, the
thawing of the ice ; al — i,
to adhere ; al — ulo, an
^ adherent (5).
iĥtiokol-o, isinglass.
-il- (the tool or instru-
ment) : haki, to hack^
to hew ; liak — o, an axe,
a hatchet ; kombi, to
comb; komb — o, a comb;
kudri, to sow; kudr — o,
a needle ; pofl, to shoot;
paf — 0, a gun ; tranci, to
cut; tranc — o, a knife;
bona — 0, good way, good
medium; — aro, set of
tools.
ileks-o, holly, ilex, holm-
oak.
53
^ILI
lNDUKCI-0
*ili, they ; ilia, tlieir,
theirs ; ili7i, them.
ilumin-i, to illuminate.
iluminaci-o, illumination.
ilustr-^, to illustrate ;
— ajo, illustration.
iluzi-o, illusion, delusion.
imag-i, to imagine, to fancy.
imit-i, to imitate.
imperativ-o, imperative
(gram.).
imperfekt-o, imperfect
(gi'am.).
im'peri-o, empire (state) ;
— a, imperial ; — estro,
emperor; — estrino, em-
press.
imperial-o, roof, outside of
a vehicle.
imperialism-o, imperialism ;
— isto, imperialist.
implik-z, to implicate, to
entangle.
impon-z, to impose (neuter).
import-i, to import.
impost-o, tax, imposition.
impotent-a, impotent
(med.).
impres-o, influence, impres-
sion felt.
impresari-o, impresario.
improviz-i, to improvise ;
— 0, improvisation.
impuls-o, impulse
-in- (shows the feminine) :
patro, father; — ino,
mother ; frato, brother ;
— ino, sister; cevalo,
horse; — ino, mare;
viro, a man ; — ino, a
woman ; sinjoro. Sir,
Mr., gentleman ; — ino,
Madam, Mrs., lady.
m-o, a female ; — a, temin-
ine (adj.).
inaŭguraci-o, inauguration.
incit-2^, to incite, to pro-
voke.
-ind- (shows worth, merit):
kredi, to believe ; kred
— a, worthy of credit;
laŭdi, to praise ; laud — ttj
worthy of praise ; me-
mori, to remember;
memor — a, memorable ;
honoro, honour ; honor
— a, honourable ; honor
— eco, honourableness ;
ridi, to laugh ; rid — a,
laughable (6).
ind-o, merit, value, worth.
Indian-o, American Indian.
indien-<?, chintz.
indiferent-rt, indifferent,
unconcerned, callous.
indig-o, indigo.
indign-i, to be indignant.
indiĝen-o, native, aborigine.
indikativ-o, indicative
{gram.).
indium-o, indium.
individu-ĉ>, individual.
indukci-^, induction (met.),
and (eledr.).
54
INDULG-I
INSTANC-O
indulg-i, to spare, to be
indulgent to ; — o, leni-
ency.
indulgenc-o, indulgence
(Catholic religion).
industri-<9, industry, busi-
ness; — a, belonging to
trade, industry, manu-
factures, etc. ; — isto,
trader, manufacturer.
inerci-o, inertia.
infan-o, child ; — a, childish;
— eco, infancy ; — aro,
children as a whole ;
— ajo, childish act, or
play.
infanteri-o, infantry.
infekt-i, to infect ; -
fectious ; — ado,
tion.
infer-o, hell, inferno ; — a,
infernal, hellish.
infinitiv-o, infinitive
(gram.).
muni, to influence ; — o,
influence.
inform-i, to give informa-
tion ; — igi, to take in-
formation, to inquire
about ; — o, informa-
tion.
infuz-i, to infuse; — o, in-
fusion ; — ajo, the bever-
age made by infusion.
-ing- (shows holder) : kan-
delo, a candle ; kandel
?, candlestick ; plumo,
-a, m-
infec-
pen ; plum — o, pen-
holder ; fingro, finger ;
fingr — o, thimble.
ingven-o, groin.
inĝenier-ĉ), engineer.
iniciat-?, to initiate, to
begin something.
iniciativ-o, introductory
step.
ink-c, ink; — ujo, ink-
stand.
inklin-^/, inclined to; — o,
tendency, inclination ;
— igi, to predispose to ;
— igi, to incline to.
inkognit-o, incognito.
inkub-o, incubus, night-
mare.
inkvizici-o, inquisition.
inkvizitor-o, inquisitor.
inokul-i, to inoculate.
insekt-o, insect.
insid-2, to ensnare, to put
snares, to insidiate ; — o,
snare, ambush.
insign-o, insignia, coat of
arms.
insist-f, to insist.
insolvent-a, insolvent.
inspekt-i, to inspect; — isto^
inspector.
inspektor-o, inspector.
inspir/, to inspire, to sug-
gest.
illstal-^, to install ; — o,
installation.
instanc-o, instance.
55
INSTIG-I
INTERPELACI-0
instig-*, to instigate; — o,
instigation.
instinkt-o, instinct ; — a,
of instinct.
instituci-o, institution.
institut-o, institute.
instru-i, to teach ; —a,
that belongs to tuition ;
— ado, teaching, tuition ;
— iteco, learned ness, state
of the learned ; — anto,
occasional teacher;
— isto, teacher by pro-
fession.
instrukci-o, directions
given as to certain
things to be done.
instminent-o, instrument;
blov — 0, wind instru-
ment ; Jcord — o, string
instrument.
insul-o, island, isle ; — ano,
islander ; — aro, group
of islands, archipelago.
insult-e, to insult, by using
bad language.
-int- (past participle active);
doni, to give; don — a, hav-
ing given ; don — e, after
having given (adv.).
integral-a, integral (ma-
them.).
intelekt-o, intellect ; — a,
intellectual; — ulo, a man
of intellect.
inteligent-a, intelligent ;
intellect; — eco,
quality of the intelligent
man ; intelligence.
intenc-z, to intend ; — o,
intent ; — a, intended,
purposed ; hon — a, well-
meaning; ek — i, to decide
upon, to project ; sen — e,
unintentionally.
intendant-o, superinten-
dent.
^inter, between, among ;
— ligo, alliance; — regno,
interregnum ; — linio,
space between lines ;
— spaco, interval of dis-
tance; — tempo, interval
of time ; — nacia, inter-
national ; — seJcva, suc-
cessive.
interdikt-o, interdict.
interes-i, to interest ; — a,
interesting ; — o, in-
terest ; — igi, to take an
interest in.
interjekci-o, interjection.
intermit-i, to occur inter-
mittently.
intern-a, internal, inward ;
— e, inwardly; — o, in-
side {noun) ; — ajo, that
which is inside ; — igi,
to push in, to drive in,
to inculcate ; — igi, to
get into, to sink in ;
el — e, from inside.
interpelaci-o, interpella
tion ; — i, to interpellate.
56
INTERPRET-I
-IT-
interpret-i, to interpret.
interpunkci-o, punctuation.
intest-o, intestine.
intim-a, intimate {adj.) ;
— eco, intimacy ; — ulo,
intimate friend.
intrig-i, to intrigue, to
plot ; — 0, intrigue, plot;
— ema, fond of in-
trigues, and plots ; — ulo,
plotter, trimmer.
invalid-o, invalid (noun) ;
— a, invalid (adj.).
in ventar-o, inventory,
schedule.
inversi-o, inversion.
investitur-o, investiture.
invit-^, to invite.
*io, something ; doni — n,
to give something.
''^iom, somewhat, a little ;
— da vino, a little wine ;
— dafloroj, a few flowers;
— eto, the least of ; — ete,
to some extent.
ir-i, to go ; de — i, to go
away from ; /w — i, to
go away, to depart;
— igi, to propel ; ek — i,
to start, to set out ; sur
— i, to mount up, to
ascend upon ; en — z, to
enter ; deen — i, to retire;
el — i, to go out; p'eter
— i, to pass by ; tra — i,
to go through ; tra — ejo,
a path through; sub — i,
to set (the sun, moon,
etc.) ; — iloj, stilts ; re — t,
to go back, to refer back.
irid-o, iris (hot.).
iridium-o, iridium.
iris-o, iris (anat.).
Irland-o, Ireland ; — o,
Irish (adj.) ; — ano,
Irishman.
ironi-o, irony; — a, ironical.
-is (ending of past tense) :
doni, to give; mi donis,
I gave, I have given,
I did give, I was giving ;
la hirdoj kanfis, the birds
sang.
Islam-o, Islam.
Island-o, Iceland ; — a,
Icelandic ; — ana, Ice-
lander.
-ist- (profession, trade, con-
stant occupation); hoio,
boot ; hot — 0, bootmaker ;
kuraci, to heal, to attend
the sick professionally;
kurac — o, doctor, medical
man ; steli, to steal ;
stel — 0, thief ; lavi, to
wash; lav — ino, washer-
woman ; ])ordo, door ;
pord — 0, doorkeeper,
hall-porter.
istm-6>, isthmus.
-it- (past participle passive) ;
porti, to carry ; ptort — a,
carried, having been
carried.
57
ITAL-A
JESU-0
Ital a-, Italian {adj.); — o,
an Italian; — itjo, — lando,
Italy.
*iu-, somebody, some one ;
cu vi vidas — n ? Do you
see any one 1
izol-i, to isolate ; — o, act
of isolating; — eco, state
of isolation.
Izrael-o, Israel ; — ido,
Israelite.
-j- (plural sign) : flwo,
flower; floroj, flowers;
hela, fine; hela floro,
fine flower; belaj flow],
fine flowers ; kelkaj
homoj, a few men.
*ja, in fact, indeed, assur-
edly.
jaguar-o, jaguar.
jaĥt-o, yacht.
jak-o, round jacket.
*jam, already, as yet ; jam
... Tie, no longer, not
now ; si — ne ijloras^ she
does not cry now, she
no longer cries. Also :
si ne 2>loras plu, as ne . . .
plu, means no longer.
jamb-o, iambus.
janicar-o, janizary.
Januar-(?, January.
Japon-a, Japanese {adj.) ;
— 0, Japanese {noun) ;
— ujo, — lando, Japan.
jar-o, year ; cent — o, cen-
tury; mil — 0, millenium;
— libro, annual (book) ;
ciu — a, annual, yearly
{adj.); super — o, leap-
year; en la nuna — o, in
the present year.
jard-o, a yard (3 feet).
jasmen-(7, jessamine, jas-
mine,
*je, a linking preposition
without any exact mean-
ing, but used occasion-
ally when in doubt
about what other pre-
position to use. Li
ridas — mia eraro, he
laughs at my mistake,
or, Li ridas mian eraron.
*jen, behold ; jen estas^
here is, here are ; jen . . .
jen, now . . . now, or
sometimes, ... at other
times ; jeno, that which
follows ; jena, subse-
quent ; jene, as follows ;
— Hal, for that reason.
■^jes, yes ; jesa, affirma-
tive ; diri jes, to say
yes ; jesi, to answer
affirmatively.
Jesu-o, Jesus ; — o-KristOy
58
JEZUIT-0
ĴET-I
Jesus Christ ; — «, of
Jesus {adj.).
jezuit-o, Jesuit.
jod-ĉ?, iodine.
*ju pli . . . des pli, the
more . . . the more.
jubile-o, jubilee.
Jud-a, {adj.) Jewish ; — o,
a Jew; — ujo, Judea,
Judah.
Judaismo, Judaism.
juft-(?, Russian leather,
Muscovy hides.
jug-o, yoke.
jugland-o, nut, walnut.
juĝ-i, to judge ; — o, judg-
ment; — anto, acting as
judge ; — ido, a judge
(profession) ; — antaro,
a jury ; — istaro, a court
of judges; — ejo, justice
room, law-court ; al — i,
to adjudicate ; antail — o,
prejudice.
juk-«, to itch ; — 0, itching.
Juli-o, July.
jun-a, young, juvenile ;
— ecOj time of youth ;
— ulo, youth, young
man; — ulino, maiden;
— ularo, young people
in a body ; ne — a, no
longer young ; mal — a,
old; mal — ulo, old man;
Timl — igi, to get old.
jung-i, to harness ; — ajo,
harness.
Juni-o, June.
juniper-o, juniper.
junk-ĉ?, reed.
junkr-(?, Prussian lordling;
signo — o, cornet, ensign.
jup-o, skirt ; sub — o, petti-
coat.
jurist-c, jurist.
just-a, just, upright; — eco,
righteousness ; — ulo,
righteous man ; mal — a
unjust, iniquitous; mal
—eco, iniquity, injustice;
mal — ajo, iniquitous act,
injustice done.
jut-o, jute.
juvel-o, jewel ; — isto ;
jeweller; — aro, set of
jewels, parure.
ĵak-o, morning-coat.
ĵaket-o, jacket.
ĵaluz-ft, jealous; — o, jeal-
ousy ; — eco, state of
jealousy ; — ema, in-
clined to jealousy.
ĵargon-o, jargon, lingo.
ĵaŭd-o, Thursday.
jet-z, to throw, to cast, to
fling ; ek — i, to begin to
throw ; en — i, to cast
into ; sur — i, to throw
59
ĴOKE-0
KAL-0
upon ; kun — i, to throw
together ; de — i, to throw
down ; dis — i, to de-
molish ; el — i, to spurn ;
re — i, to throw back, to
reflect (light).
ĵoke-o, jockey.
ĵongl-z, to juggle ; — isto,
a juggler;— 0, jugglery,
legerdemain ; — ado, the
art of legerdemain.
ĵur-i, to swear; je — i, to
conjure, to conspire ;
— inta, sworn.
ĵurnal-o, newspaper, jour-
nal.
■^ĵus, just (adv.) ; mi—vidis
sin, I have just seen her.
k. c, abbreviation of kaj
cetera], and the rest.
k. s., abbreviation of kaj
similaj, and others
similar.
k. sekv., abbreviation of
kaj sekvantaj, and follow-
k. t. p., abbreviation of kaj
tiel plu, and so forth, etc.
kab-6), cape, promontory.
kabal-o, Cabala ; — ajo,
cabalistic act or words.
kaban-o, cabin, hovel, hut.
kabinet-o, cabinet, closet.
kabl-o, cable ; tren— o,
hawser, painter (naut.).
kabriolet-o, cabriolet, cab.
kaĉ-o, batter, pap for in-
fants.
kadavr-o, corpse, carcass.
kadenc-o, cadence.
kadet-o, cadet (milit.).
kadmi-o, cadmium.
kadr-o, frame ; en — igi, to
frame (pictures).
kaduk-a, decayed, decrepit;
— eco, decay.
kaf-o, coff'ee; — ejo, a
cafe ; — arbo, coffee-
tree ; — ki'uco, coffee-pot;
— ujo, coffee-box.
Kafr-o, Kaffir.
kaftan-o, kaftan.
kag-o, cage.
kahel-6>, paving tile
*kaj, and.
kaj-o, quay, wharf, jetty.
kajer-o, copybook, paper-
book, No. or part of a
work ; — eto, book of
tickets.
kajut-o, cabin, hut.
kaka-o, cocoa.
kakatu-o, cockatoo.
kakt-o, cactus.
kal-o, corn (on feet), hard
corn ; — a, callous.
60
KALOI-0
KANASTR-0
kalci-0, calcium.
kaldron-o, cauldron, cal-
dron, kettle, boiler.
kalejdoskop-o, kaleido-
scope.
kalendar-o, calendar.
kalendr-i, to calender, to
mangle ; — ilo, a mangle.
kalendul-o, marigold.
kaleŝ-o, carriage.
kalfatr-i, to calk.
kali-o, potass (calium).
kalibr-o, calibre.
kalif-o, caliph ; — regno,
dominion of the caliph.
kalik-o, cup, chalice, bowl.
kalikot-ĉ>, calico.
kalk-o, lime ; — stono, lime-
stone.
kalkan-(?, heel (of the foot);
kalkanum-o, heel of boot,
etc. ; also clog, patten.
kalkul-i, to calculate, to
reckon ; — o, account,
bill to pay ; — ado, cal-
culation ; al — i, to put to
the account; kun — ^, to
reckon with other items;
el — i, to leave out of the
account ; ne — ehla, in-
calculable ; — isto, ac-
countant.
kalomel-o, calomel.
kalson-o, pair of drawers,
pants.
kalumni-i, to slander, to
calumniate.
kamarad-o, comrade,
kambi-o, bill of exchange,
kame-o, cameo,
kamel-o, camel,
kameli-o, camelia.
kamen-o, fire-place, fire-
grate ; — tubo, flue ;
— tubisto, chimney-
sweep,
kamer-o, box-room,
kamerling-o, camerlingo.
kamfor-o, camphor.
kamizol-o,shortnight-dress.
kamlot-o, camlet.
kamomil-o, camomile,
kamp-o, field ; —aro, country
(as opposed to town) ;
— ara, of the country,
country like,
kan-o, rush, reed,
kanab-o, hemp ; — ejo,
hemp-field; —semo, hemp
seed.
kanaben-o, linnet.
Kanad--o, Canada ; — a
(adj.), Canadian ; — ano,
a Canadian,
kanajl-o, scoundrel; — aro,
rabble, rascaldom.
kanal-o, canal,
kanaliz-i, to canalise; — ado,
canalisation.
kanap-o, sofa, couch,
kanari-o, canary, canary
bird.
kanastr 0, canister (tobao-
co).
61
KANCELARI-0
KAPRIC-0
kancelari-0, chancellor's
house, or office.
kancelier 0, chancellor.
kand-o, candy, sugar-
candy.
kandel-o, candle ; — ingo,
candlestick; vaJcs — o, wax-
candle.
kandelabr-o, candelabrum.
kandidat-o, candidate.
kanel-i, to chamfer ; — o,
— ajo, groove, fluting,
etc.
kanibal-o, cannibal.
kanibalism-o, cannibalism.
kankr-o, craw-fish, cray-
fish.
kanon-o, canon (church
law).
kanonik-o, canon (church
dignitary).
kant-i, to sing.; — adi, to
keep singing ; — o, a
song, a chant; — ado,
singing (the art) ; re
— ajo, burden, refrain ;
— eti, to hum a tune ;
pri — i, to celebrate in
song,
kantarid-o, cantharis (ĵjI.
cantharides).
kantat-o, cantata.
kantin-o, canteen.
kanton-o, canton.
kantor-r), chanter, pre-
centor.
kanul-o, canula.
kanvas-o, canvas (tapestry).
kap-o, head (of the
body).
kapabl-a, capable, able ;
— 0, the power to do ;
— eco, the ability to do ;
mal — ulo, an incapable
man, a man of no capa-
city.
kapel-o, chapel.
kaper-i, to seize as a prize ;
sip — i, to capture a ship.
kapital-o, capital (money) ;
— isto, capitalist.
kapitan-c, captain (milit.).
kapitel-o, capital (archit.).
kapitol-o, capitol.
kapitulac-i, to capitulate.
kapon-o, capon.
kapor-o, caper-bush ; — ero
caper.
kaporal-o, corporal (drill
sergeant).
kapot-o, capote, hooded
cloak.
kapr-o, goat ; — ino, she-
goat ; — viro, he-goat ;
— eto, small goat; — ido,
a kid ; — ajo, goat flesh;
—idajo, kid flesh ; — isto,
goat^herd.
kapreol-(?, roebuck ; — ino,
roe ; — ido, the kid of
the roe.
kapric-o, caprice, whim ;
— a, capricious ; — i, to
have whims.
62
KAPRIKORN-0
KART-0
Kaprikorn-0, Capricorn.
kaprimulg-o, goat-sucker
(bird).
kapriol-o, capriole.
kapsik-o, capsicum.
kapstan-o, capstan.
kapsul-o, cap (fire-arms),
capsule.
kapt-z, to catch ; ek — i, to
seize ; — ito, captive,
piisoner ; — iteco, capti-
vity ; milit — ito, prisoner
of war; — ilo, snare to
entrap.
kapucen-o, capuchin friar.
kapuc-o, hood, cowl.
kar-a, dear, prized ; — ceo,
clearness, high price ;
— ulo, one held dear ;
mal — a, cheap ; mal
— eco, cheapness ; pli
— igo, rise in ])rice.
karaben-o, carabine.
karaf-o, decanter.
karakter-o, temper,
humour, disposition.
karakt eriz-?', to characterise.
karambol-i, to cannon
(billiards).
karamel-o, caramel.
karas-o, crucian (fish).
karat-o, carat.
karavan-o, caravan.
karb-o, charcoal ; ter — o,
coal.
karbol-o, carbolic (noiin) ;
— a acido, carbolic acid
karbonad-o, carbonade,
chop, cutlet.
karbunkol-o, carbuncle.
karcer-d, prison, gaol, car-
eer (detention in school,
etc.).
kard-o, thistle.
kardel-o, goldfinch.
kardinal-o, cardinal.
kare-o, a square (of).
kares-i, to caress; — a,
caressing ; ema, fond
of caressing.
karier-o, career.
karik-o, sedge, rush.
karikatur-z, to caricature.
kariofil-o, clove.
kariol-o, cariole, carry -all.
karmezin-o, crimson.
kannin-o, carmine.
karn-o, flesh; tiU — o, calf
of the leg ; dent — o, gums
(dental).
karnaval-o, carnival.
karo-o, diamonds (at cards).
karob-o, carob-bean ; — w/o,
carob-tree.
karot-o, carrot.
karp-o, carp.
karpat-q/, Carpathians.
karpen-o, horn-beam, yoke-
elm ; — ejo, yoke-elm
plantation; — aleo, yoke-
elm avenue ; — lauho,
yoke-elm arch, arbour.
kart-o, card ; — eto, visiting
card ; lud — oj (or simply
63
KARTAV-I
KAUCI-0
—oj), playing - cards ;
lud — aro, pack of cards ;
— geografia, map.
kartav-e, to speak thick
(as many Parisians do),
kartel-o, cartel.
kartilag-o, cartilage, gristle.
kartoc-o, cartridge ; — ujo,
cartridge pouch ; — fa-
briko, catriclge factory,
kartografi-o, cartography,
karton-o, pasteboard.
kartuŝ-(?, cartouche, scroll,
tablet, medallion.
karusel-o, carousal, tourna-
ment,
kas-o, till, money-box, etc. ;
— isto, cashier ; en — igi,
to encase, to pocket
cash,
kasaci-o, cassation ; — i, to
quash, to annul,
kaserol-o, saucepan,
kask-o, helmet.
kaskad-o, cascade,
kasket-o, cap (boy's) or
(man's),
kast-o, caste,
kastel-o, castle ; — mastro,
lord of a manor,
kastor-o, beaver,
kastr-?', to emasculate, to
geld.
kaŝ-i, to hide ; — ema, liking
to conceal, dissembling ;
— emo, inclination to
hide, dissimulation ; ne
— ema, frank, open, un-
reserved; — ate, in sec-
ret ; — ejo, hiding-place ;
— eco, secrecy ; igi, to
skulk; mal — i, to dis-
close.
kaŝtan-o, chestnut ; — ujo,
chestnut-tree ; — kolora,
nut-brown, auburn.
kat-o, cat; — ino, she-cat;
— eto, small cat; — ido,
kitten ; — idino, she-
kitten ; — ineto, small
female cat.
katafalk-o, catafalque.
katakomb-o, catacomb.
katalepsi-o, catalepsy.
katalog-o, catalogue.
kataplasm-o, plaster.
katar-(9, catarrh.
katarakt-o, cataract (of the
eye).
katastr-o, register of land
assessment.
katastrof-o, catastrophe.
katedr-d, cathedral (adj.) ;
— a pregejo, cathedral
church ; — o, seat of
authority.
kategori-(?, category.
kateĥism-c, catechism.
kateii-(9;', fetters.
katetiko, cathetics.
katolik-a, Catholic.
katun-o, cotton cloth
kaŭci-o, caution, caution
money (Scotch law).
64
KAŬĈUK-0
*KIOM
kaŭĉuk-0, iiidiarubber,
caoutchouc.
kaŭr-i, to cower, to squat,
kaŭteriz-i, to cauterize.
kaŭz-«, to cause ; • — o,
cause.
kav-o, cavity, hollow, hole,
pit ; — ajo, hollow part ;
-~aĵa,\\o\\ow {adj. ) ; —igi,
to excavate ; rad — o,
wheel-rut.
kavaleric, cavalry ; — ano,
cavalryman, horse-
soldier,
kavalir-o, knight,
kavalkad-o, cavalcade.
kavern-(?, den, cavern,
kaviar-c, caviare,
kaz-o, case {gram.).
kaze-<9, curd cheese, curds,
kazein-o, caseine.
kazemat-o, casemate.
kazern-o, barracks.
■^ke, conjunction ' that.'
kegl-o, skittle ; — aro, set
of skittles.
kel-o, cellar ; — isto, cellar-
ist, cellarman ; butler.
^kelk-e, some, a few; post
kelka tempo, in a little
while ; — aj amikoj, a
few friends ; or, — e da
amikoj (3).
kelner-o, restaurant or cafe
waiter.
ken-(?, very resinous
wood.
E 65
kep-o, a peaked cap {French
' kepi ').
kepr-o, huckaback, tAvill.
ker-o, hearts (at cards).
kern-o, kernel (fruit- stone).
kerub-o, cherub.
kest-o, chest, coffer ; tir — o,
drawer.
kestrel-o, kestrel.
■^kia, what kind of, what
sort of.
^kial, why, wherefore.
*kiam, when ; tvj kiam, as
soon as (lit. immedi-
ately when).
■^kie, where ; — n, whither.
*kiel, how, as : - — eble plej
bone, as well as pos-
sible.
^kies, whose : — libro estas
tin ci? whose book is thisi
La patrino — infano est-
as moiiinfa, the mother
whose child is dead.
kil-o, keel (of a boat).
kilogram-o, kilogram.
kilolitr-6>, kilolitre.
kilometr-o, kilometre.
Kimr-« (adj.), Welsh ; — o,
Welshman; — •w/o, Wales.
kinematograf-o, cinemato-
graph.
kinin-o, quinine.
*kio, what (thing); — n
vi faras? what are you
doing?
*kiom, how much, as much
KIRAS-0
KLISTER-0
as ; — a {adj.), what in
quantity ; — kodas tio ?
how much does this cosf?
— vi scias, as far (much)
as you know ; — li povos,
as much as he can.
(fuL).
kiras-o, cuirass, armour ;
— ulo, cuirassier ; testuda-
— 0, tortoise-shell.
kirl-i, to wisk (eggs) ; — ilo,
a wisk.
kirŝ-o, kirschwasser.
kis-^, to kiss; — o, a kiss;
—ado, a long kiss; — eto,
a little kiss ; — ema,
fond of kissing.
kitel-o, gabardine, work-
man's blouse.
■^kiu, who, which, that
(subj.) ; — n, whom,
which, that (object) ; — j,
plur. (subj.) — jn, pi.
(obj.); la homo—parolas,
the man who speaks ;
la libro — n vi legas, the
book which you read.
klaft-o, a Russian measure.
klak-^, to clap, to flap, to
rattle, to clatter ; — o,
rattle, clatter, etc. ; — ilo,
a rattle.
klap-o, plug, valve.
klar-«, clear, distinct; — ĉco,
clearness : mal — a, ob-
scure, dark ; ne—a, want-
ing in clearness ; — igi,
to make clear, to explain ;
— igo, explanation ; — ig-
ebla, that may be ex-
plained ; ne — igebla, in-
explicable ; — igi, to be-
come clear ; mal — ajo,
ambiguity.
klarnet-o, clarinet.
klas-o. class, category.
klasifik-i, to classify ; — o,
classification.
klasik-d, classic ; — ulo,
partisan of the classics.
klav-o, key of a piano,
organ, etc. ; — aro, key-
board.
klemat-o, clematis.
kler-a, enlightened, well-
informed ; — ulo, a well-
informed man ; mal — a,
ignorant ; — eco, the
quality of the kleriilo;
— igi, to enlighten ; — igi,
to become enlightened.
klerik-a, clerical ; — ulo, a
cleric.
klient-6>, client.
klimat-o, climate ; al — igi,
to acclimatize.
klin-i, to incline, to bend,
to cause to lean (trans.) ;
igi, to bend, etc. (neut.) ;
de — igi, to deviate from.
kling-o, blade (of a knife,
etc.).
klinik-a, clinical.
klister-o, clvster.
66
KLIS-I
KOLER-I
"kliŭ-i, to stereotype; — ajo,
stereotyped plate.
kloak-o, cloaca, drainage,
sewer system.
klopod-'^, to take trouble
for anything; to take
steps towards an end in
view ; to undertake the
initiative work, etc.; — o,
proceeding, initial steps;
— igi, to cause to under-
take such trouble.
klor-o, chlorine.
kloroz-o, chlorosis (med.).
kloŝ-o, bell (not a ringing
bell), bell-shaped object.
klub-o, club, circle, group.
kluk-^,to cluck (hens).
kluz-o, sluice, lock (stream).
knab-o, boy ; — ino, girl.
knar-^, to creak, to grate.
kned-i, to knead.
knut-o, knout.
koaks-o, coke.
koalici-o, coalition.
kobalt-c, cobalt.
kobold-o, goblin, hobgoblin,
imp.
kocenil-o, cochineal.
ls.oc.-o, code.
kodeks-o, codex.
kodicil-o, codicil.
koeficient-(), coefficient.
kofr-o, coffer, travelling
trunk.
koincid-i, to coincide.
kojn-o, wedge.
! kok-o, cock ; — ino, hen ;
t — eto, cockerel ; — ido,
I chicken ; — ineto, small
I hen; — ideto, chick;
— ejo, fowl-house, roost.
kokard-o, cockade.
kokcinel-o, ladybird.
koket-a, coquettish ; — eco,
coquetry ; — idino, co-
quette.
koklus-o, whooping-cough.
kokon-o, cocoon.
kokos-o, cocoa, cocoa-nut.
koks-o, hip ; meti la man-
ojn al la — oj, to put
one's arms akimbo.
kol-o, neck ; ĉirkaŭ — o, col-
lar (parure) ; ^haroj,
mane ; — tuko, fichu,
neckerchief.
kolbas-o, sausage ; — eto,
small sausage ; sango
— 0, black-pudding.
koleg-o, colleague, comrade.
kolegi-o, college.
kolekt-i, to gather, to col-
lect ; — 0, collection, re-
union, gathering ; — isto,
tax-gatherer ; — igi, to
gather together, to as-
semble; — anto, collector
of curios.
kolektiv-ĉi, collective ; — e,
collectively.
koler-i, to get angry ;
— igi, to make angry :
—a, angry; —o, anger;
67
KOLERIK-A
KOMISI-I
— ema^ easily angered ;
ek — emo^ irascil)ility.
kolerik-fl^, choleric ; — ido^
choleric man.
kolibro, humming-bird.
kolik-o, colic.
kolimb-o, diver (bird).
kolizi-c», collision.
kolofon-o, black rosin
(colophony).
kolomb-ĉ>. pigeon, dove ;
— ejo, pigeon-house,
dovecot.
kolon-o, column, pillar ;
— aro, colonnade.
kolonel-o, colonel.
koloni-o, colony ; — ano,
colonist.
kolor-o, colour, natural
colour ; — i, to colour ;
— ilo, paint, colour (to
colour with) ; — iĝi^ to
assume colour; — igi, to
colour, to paint; — igo,
colouring ; — igisto, a
colourist; ro.z—a, pink
{adj.).
koloratur-o, colorature
{mus.).
kolos-o, colossus ; — a, co-
lossal.
kolport-i, to hawk about;
— isto, hawker.
kolubr-o, adder.
kolum-o, shirt collar.
kolz-o, rape, rape-seed,
colza.
kom-o, comma.
komand/, to command
(milit. and navy) ; — o,
command, order.
komandit-o, "commandite."
— Company in which the
acting partners are respon-
sible without limit, but the
sleeping partners only to
the extent of their sliares.
komandor-0, commander
(of an Order).
komb-z, to comb; — ilo
a comb.
kombin-?', to combine.
komedi-r>, comedy ; — isto^
comic actor; — anto, an
actor.
komenc-i, to begin (trans.);
— iĝi, to commence
{neuter) ; en la — o, in
the beo^innincj, at first.
komentari-0, commentary.
komerc-/, to trade ; — isto,
trader; — aĵo^ merchan-
dise, goods ; — 0, trade,
business.
komet-o, comet.
komfort-o, comfort ; — ĉ,
comfortably.
komik-a, comic, droll ;
— ulo, a comic ; — eco,
comicalness.
komisi-i, to entrust with,
to order to; — o, man-
date, charge undertaken;
— isto, agent doing busi-
ness on commission
68
KOMlSAR-0
KOMUNIK-I
komisar-6>, commissary.
komitat-o, committee.
komiz-o, assistant (shop or
office), clerk, employe.
komod-o, chest of draw-
ers.
kompakt-a, compact, solid,
close.
kompani-6», company (busi-
ness or other concern).
kompar-z, to compare ;
— ajo, similitude.
komparativ-o, comparative
(f/ram.).
kompas-(?, mariner's com-
pass.
kompat-i, to pity ; — o,
pity, compassion ; — a,
compassionate, merciful;
— ema, of a feeling
nature.
kompendi-(), compendium.
kompens-i, to compensate ;
— 0, compensation ; perdo
— 0, compensation for
losses, damages,
kompetent-a, competent,
qualified (adj.).
kompil-i, to compile; — o,
compilation.
kompleks-», complex.
komplement-o, object, com^
plement (gram.).
komplet-o, a suit (of
clothes).
komplez-o, kindness, oblig-
ingness.
komplik-i, to complicate;
— ajo, complication.
kompliment-7, to compli-
ment; — 0, compliment.
komplot-o, plot, complot.
kompost-i, to compose
(printing) ; — isto, com-
positor.
kompot-o, compote.
kompozici-(?, composition
(mus.).
kompren-^, to understand;
— igi, to make under-
stand ; reciproke —igi, to
understand one another;
— ajo, conception of an
idea ; — eti, to half
understand ; 7nal — igo,
misunderstanding ; —
eble, of course, naturally.
kompres-o, compress
(med.).
kompromis-o, compromise.
kompromit-?, to jeopardise,
to implicate.
komun-a, common to sev-
eral; — eco, community;
— umo, a parish, a com-
mune ; — ema, sociable.
komuni-x, to communicate,
to give the sacrament;
• — 0, act of giving the
sacrament ; — igi, to
receive the sacrament ;
— igo, the act of receiv
ing the sacrament.
komunik-z, to communi-
69
KOMUNISM-0
KONFES-I
cate (something to some-
body) ; — 0, communica-
tion; — aĵo, the thing
communicated ; — iĝi,
kun, to put oneself into
communication with ;
— igo, action of being
in communication about
something of mutual
interest; inter — i, to ex-
change communications ;
inter — igi, {neuter).
komunism-o, communism.
komunist-o, communist.
kon-i, to know, to be
acquainted with ; — o,
knowledge,acquaintance,
with ; — igi; to cause to
know; — ato, an acquaint-
ance (person) ; — ateco,
notoriety; — igi, to make
one acquainted with an-
other ; — igi kun, to get
acquainted with ; ek — i,
to begin to know ; re — i,
to recognise ; ne — ata,
ulterior ; ne — ato, an un-
known person.
koncentr-a, concentric
(adj.) ; — igi, to concen-
trate (ad.).
koncept-o, concept (phil.).
koncern-f, to concern, to
relate to.
koncert-c», concert.
koncesi-o, concession.
kondamn-^, to condemn ;
— ito, a condemned per-
son.
kondic o, condition, stipu-
lation ; — i, to stipulate.
kondicional-o, conditional
(gi^am.).
kondolenc-^, to condole
with; — 0, condolence.
kondor-o, condor.
konduk-*, to conduct, to
lead ; — anto, conductor ;
al — i, to bring (not
carrying) ; de — i, to lead
away ; for — i, to lead far
away ; kun — i, to lead
away together ; en — i,
to bring in, to introduce;
en — 0, preface, introduc-
tion ; — ilo, rein.
konduktor-o, kondukist-o,
conductor (professional).
kondut-i, to behave; — o,
behaviour; bon — o, good
behaviour; bon — a, well-
behaved.
konfeder-i, to confederate.
konfederaci-o, confedera-
tion.
konfekci-o, making of
clothes, tailoring, out-
fitting, etc.
konferenc-o, conference
(diplomat.).
konfes-i, to confess, to
avow ; — 0, avowal ; con
fession ; — anto, a peni-
tent; — p-enanto, a priest,
70
KONFID-I
KONSENT-0
confessor ; mal — i, to re-
tract or disavow.
konfid-i, to trust; — ema,
confiding ; mal — i, to
distrust; ni plene — as
al vi car ri estas sin dona,
we fully trust you be-
cause you are devoted ;
— atesto, power of at-
torney; — ato, he who has
power of attorney.
konfidenci-rt, confidential.
konfirm-i, to confirm, to
assure ; — o, confirma-
tion, assurance.
konfirmaci-o, confirmation
(by a bishop).
konfisk-i, to confiscate.
konfit-i, to preserve, to
pickle ; — ajo, jam or
preserves ; — isto, con-
fectioner, jam - maker,
etc.
konflikt-^?, conflict.
konform-a, conform ; — igi,
to conform ; — eco, con-
formity ; esti — a al, to
be in accordance with.
konfuz-?*, to confound, to
confuse; — o, confusion;
— a, troubled, confused ;
— igi, to get confused,
embarrassed; — eco, state
of being confused.
konglomerat-o, conglom-
eration (geoL).
kongregaci-o, congregation.
kongres 0, congress.
kongru i,to congriie(77ia/A.);
— a7i^a,congruent(77ia//i.).
konifer 0, conifer.
konjak-o, cognac.
konjekt-i, to conjecture.
konjugaci-i, to conjugate.
konjunkci-o, conjunction.
konk-o, shell, shells; — ajo,
shell-work.
konkav-a, concave.
konklud-^, to conclude ;
— 0, conclusion.
konkret a, concrete.
konkur-i, to compete ; — o,
competition ; — anto,
competitor.
konkurs-o, competition (act
of placing one's name
among competitors for a
prize, an appointment,
etc.).
konsci-i, to be conscious ;
re — igi, to recover con-
sciousness ; sen — a, un-
conscious.
konscienc-o, conscience ;
— a, conscientious ;
— dubo, qualm, scruple.
konsekvenc-o, consequence;
— a, consequent.
konsent-o, consent, assent;
— i, to consent, to agree;
— a, in agreement; — e,
by consent ; — ema, con-
descending; mal — o,
dissent; inter— i, to agree
71
KONSERV-I
KONTOR-O
mutually; — igi, to make
a mutual arrangement.
konserv-i, to conserve, to
preserve, to keep;
— anto, a preserver
(occasional) ; — isto, a
guardian, keeper, pre-
server ; — aĵokulvitroj,
preservers (spectacles) ;
— 0, retention, preserva-
tion.
konservativ-a, conserva-
tive {adj.) ; — ulo, a con-
servative {politics).
konservatori-o, conserva-
toire.
konsider-i, to consider ;
— 0, act of considering.
konsil-^, to advise ; — o,
advice, counsel ; — igi
kun, to consult with ;
— igo, consultation, de-
liberation ; popol — igo,
popular assembly, diet;
religia — igo, a council.
konsist-i {el), to consist.
konsistori-o, consistory.
konsol-i, to console, to
comfort ; — a, consoling ;
ne — ehJa, disconsolate.
konsonant-o, consonant
(letter).
konspir-?', to conspire.
konstant-a, constant;
— eco, constancy.
konstat-t, to declare, to
verify, to attest.
konstelaci-o, constellation,
galaxy.
konstern-i, to dismay, to
amaze, to dishearten ;
— 0, amazement, con
sternation.
konstituci-o, constitution.
konstru-?', to erect, to
build, to construct ; — o,
act of constructing ;
— ajo, a construction ;
— ita, built, constructed.
konsul-o, consul ; — ejo,
consulate.
konsum-z, to consume, to
exhaust ; — o, consum-
mation ; — ado, exhaus-
tion ; — iteco, state of
exhaustion ; — anto, a
consumer ; — igi, to get
exhausted ; — igo, com-
sumption.
kont-o, account {book-keep-
ing).
koutakt-o, contact.
koatant-o, ready-money,
cash down.
kontent-a, satisfied ; — igi,
to satisfy ; — e, con-
tentedly ; — eco, satisfac-
tion ; — igo, act of giving
satisfaction ; — iga, satis-
fying, satisfactory ; — igi,
to become satisfied.
kontinent-o, continent.
kontingent-c^ contingent.
kontor-o, counting-house ;
72
KONTRABAND-0
KORB-0
branch establishment of
a bank, etc. ; govern-
ment agency abroad,
etc. ; office (business).
kontraband-o, smuggling.
kontrabas-o, base-viol.
kontrakt-i, to contract ;
— 0, contract ; — anto, a
party to any contract.
kontrapunkt'O, counter-
point.
kontrast-o, contrast.
*kontraŭ, against, towards,
facing, over against,
opposite to (never ' by
the side of); — e, on the
contrary, opposite to,
facing {adv.); — a, con-
trary, adverse to ; — ajo,
— igo, impediment;
— stari al, to be opposed
to ; — 7neti, to oppose ;
— hatali, to resist; — diri,
to contradict ; — diro,
contradiction ; — paroli,
to object; — veneno,
antidote ; — vole, against
one's will ; — ulo, oppon-
ent, vis-a-^as.
kontribuci-o, contribution
{milif.).
kontrol-t, to control.
kontur-o, outline, contour.
kontuz-?', to bruise ; — o,
contusion.
konus-^, cone; — a, conical.
konval-(?, lily of the valley.
konveks-fi, convex.
konven-?', to suit; to be
proper ; — a, fitting,
suitable, decent ; — eco,
fitness; mal — a, un-
seemly.
konvenci-6>, convention.
konverĝ-2, to converge ;
mal — i, to diverge.
konversaci-o, conversation.
konvert-i, to convert; — o,
conversion of others ;
— igo, conversion of one-
self.
konvink-i, to convince ; to
persuade ; — a, convinc-
ing, persuasive ; — igi,
to get convinced.
konvolvul-ĉ>, convolvulus.
konvulsi-o, convulsion;
— a, convulsive.
kopek-o, kopeck.
kopi-i, to copy ; — o, a
copy ; — isto, copyist ;
re — i, to copy over
again.
kor-o, heart ; — a, hearty,
from the heart ; bon — a,
kind-hearted ; bon — eco,
kind-heartedness ; — tus-
anta, affecting, touching,
pathetic ; — tuseco, emo-
tion; — tmigi, to become
tender.
koral-o coral.
Koran-o, Koran.
korb-c», basket.
73
KORD-0
KOV-I
kord-c, chord (of music).
kordon-o, cordon {mil.).
korekt-^, to correct, to rec-
tify ; — 0, — ado, act of
correcting; — a, correct;
— eco^ correctness; — ajo,
the correction made ;
— isto, a corrector ; — igi,
to become correct, to
mend.
korelativ-a, correlative.
korespond-i, to correspond;
— 0, — ado, correspond-
ence; — anto, corres-
pondent.
koridor-o, corridor, a pas-
sage.
korife-o, coryphaeus, chorus
leader.
kork-o, cork ; — tirilo, cork-
screw.
korn-c>, horn ; ais — o, hunt-
ing horn.
korne-o, cornea.
kornet-o, cornet; — isto,
cornet player.
kornic-ĉ?, cornice.
kornik-o, jackdaw.
korp-o, body ; — a, bodily
{adj.) ; — igi, to take a
body, to become incar-
nate; — 2^0, incarnation;
— ogardisto, life -guards-
man; vast — a, corpulent ;
vast — eco, corpulency.
korporaci-^?, corporation.
korpus-o, corps (army).
kors-o, corso.
korsaĵ-o, bodice, body of
dress.
korsar-o, corsair, pirate,
korset-o, corset (stays).
kort-o, courtyard ; — ego,
court of a king, etc. ;
— ega, of the court ;
— egulo, courtier.
korv-o, crow, raven,
korvet-o, sloop of war;
French navy corvette.
kosm-o, cosmos.
kosmetik-o, cosmetics
{art.).
kosmogoni-o, cosmogony,
kosmografi-o, cosmography,
kosmologi-o, cosmology.
kosmopolit-a, cosmo-
politan.
kost-^, to cost; — o, cost;
multe — a, of high price,
precious,
kostum-o, costume,
kot-o, mud ; — a, muddy ;
— isto, scavenger,
kotiz-i, to pay a certain
amount individually for
a common purpose, to
assess oneself ; — ajo, a
common payment,
kotlet-o, cutlet.
koton-o, cotton; — eca,
downy, cottony ; — ujo
cotton-tree.
koturn-(9, quail (bird).
k Y-i, to brood ; — ado,
74
KOVERT-0
KREST-0
act of brooding; — aĵo,
a brood ; — itaro, the
whole hatched chickens.
kovert-o, envelope (letters).
kovr-z, to cover ; — ilo,
cover, the thing used to
cover with; mal — i, to
uncover, to unveil, to
discover.
Kosak-o, Cossack.
krab-o, crab (zool.).
krabr-(9, hornet.
kraĉ-i, to spit ; — ajo, sal-
iva ; — ujo, spittoon.
krad-o, grate.
krajon o, pencil.
krak-i, to crack, to clap, to
clack ; — igi, to cause to
crack, etc. ; — eti, to
crackle, to crepitate, to
gabble ; — etado, crack-
ling, crepitation ; — etilo,
a rattle.
kraken-(9, cracknel (pastry).
kramp-o, fulcrum, prop,
click, etc.
kran-o, tap.
krani-o, cranium.
kratag-o, hawthorn.
krater-o, crater.
kravat-o, cravat.
kre-i, to create ; — o, crea-
tion (creating) ; — into,
the creator (having
created) ; — ito, a created
being; — itaro, the
created universe ; — ii-
ajo, a thing created,
creature.
kred-i, to believe ; — igi
to make believe ; — ebla,
credible, likely ; — inda,
worthy of belief ; — ema,
credulous ; — emo, cred-
ulity ; — ajo, belief, the
thing believed; —o,
creed ; mal — eco, unbe-
lief.
kredit-o, credit ; sen — igi,
to discredit.
kreditor-o, creditor.
krejcer-o, kreutzer.
krem-o, cream ; — ujo,
cream-jug.
kren-o, wild horse-radish.
kreol-o, creole.
kreozot-o, creosote.
krep-o, crape.
krepusk-o, twilight ; — igas,
twilight is coming.
kres-o, cress.
kresk-i, to grow ; —o, —ado,
growth, aho stature ;
ĵ)len — a, adult; hel — a,
of fine size, growth ;
alta — a, tall grown;
— ajo, plant, any sort of
growth ; — ajaro, the
flora ; sur — o, excres-
cence ; ek — i, to bud ;
al — i, to grow to.
kresp-(9, pancake.
krest-o, crest, cock's comb,
or tuft of birds, etc.
75
KRESTOMATI-0
KRUC-0
krestomati-o, anthology of
literary models.
kreto, chalk.
kreten-o, a cretin.
krev-z, to burst; — igi, to
burst something, to cause
bursting; — iga malvar-
7)10, very severe cold
weather.
Isxi-i, to cry ; — o, a, cry ;
et — 0, a little cry ; ek — i,
to exclaim ; — eii, to
gabble, to brawl : — egi,
to howl ; —ema, addicted
to crying; — egulino, a
termagant.
kribr-i, to sift ; — ilo, a
sieve.
krim-o, crime ; — ulo, a
criminal.
kriminal-a, criminal
(adj.).
kring-0, biscuit in shape of
a ring.
kripl-a-, crippled (adj.) ;
— ulo, a cripple ; — igi,
to cripple.
kript-o, crypt.
krisp-o, mesentery ; also
frill (on clothes, etc.).
Krist-o, Christ; — ano,
a christian; — ana,
christian (adj.) ; — nasko,
Christmas.
kristal-o, crystal ; — igi, to
crystallize ; — igi, to be-
come crystallized ; — ig-
cry-
ehla, that may be
stallized.
kristianism-o, christianism,
Christendom.
kriteri-o, criterion.
kritik-i, to criticize; —anto,
one that criticizes; —isto,
a critic.
kriz-o, crisis.
krizalid-o, chrysalis.
krizantem-o, chrysanthe-
mum.
kroc-i, to hook ; al — i, to
suspend to ; al — igi, to
get hooked ; kun — ?', to
hook together; — ilo,
hook.
krokodil-o, crocodile.
*krom, except; — tio, ex-
cepting that ; — virino,
mistress, paramour.
krom-o, chrome, chromium
[col).
kron-o, crown ; — eto, cor-
olla (hot.); — i, to crown;
flor — 0, crown or wreath
of flowers.
kronik-o, chronicle.
kronologi-o, chronology.
kronometr-ĉ), chronometer.
krop-o, crop (birds).
kroz-?', to cruise ; — isto,
cruiser.
kruc-o, cross ; — a militiro,
crusade ; — isto, crus-
ader ; — igi^ to lay across,
to cross ; — igi, to cross
KRUCIFIKS-0
*KUN
each oth er, a t h w art;
— igo, crossing.
krucifiks-(>, crucifix.
krucum-i, to crucify ; — o,
crucifixion.
ls.iVLc-0, jug ; kaf — o, coffee-
pot ; te—o, tea-pot.
krud-ft, raw, crude, un-
cooked.
kruel-a, cruel ; — ega, fero-
cious.
knip-o, croup (medic).
krur-o, leg.
krust-o, crust.
krut-6^, steep ; — eco, steep-
ness; - — ajo, steep (noun);
~ega,^ cragged ; —egajo,
cragginess.
ksilofon-ĉ>, xylophone
(nius.).
ksilograf-i, to xylograph ;
—ftĉ/o, xylography; —isto,
xylographist.
kub-6>, cube.
kubut-(>, elbow.
kudr-i, to sew ; — ado, sew-
ing (noun); kun — ^,to sew
together ; kun — o, seam ;
— ilo, needle ; — ilego,
bradawl, awl; — ejo, sew-
ing workroom ; — isiino,
dressmaker.
kuf-o, woman's cap.
kugl-(), bullet (gun); — ego,
cannon ball; — etajo, shot
(for gun).
kuir-z, to cook (act.) ; —ejo,
kitchen ; — istino, cook
(/•)■
kuk-o, cake; — ajo, pastry.
kukol-o, cuckoo.
kukum-o, cucumber.
kukurb-o, pumpkin.
kul-6», gnat.
kuler-o, spoon.
kulis-o, side scene, theatre
wings.
kulminaci-o, culmination ;
— i, to culminate.
kulip-a, guilty (adj.); — 2ilo,
the guilty party, the
culprit ; kun — ulo, aii
accomplice ; — o, fault ;
konfesi la — 07i, to plead
guilty ; — igi, to accuse,
to declare guilty ; —igito,
accused (sw&s/.); — igi, to
become guilty.
kult-6>, cult.
kultur-o, culture; — a, cul-
tivated.
kumin-o, cumin.
^kun, with (never in the
sense of instrument) ;
— igi, to couple, unite,
join ; — igi, to become
coupled, united, joined;
— igo, union, junction,
copulation ; — meti, to
form a whole of several
parts ; — metitaj vortoj,
compound words; — meto,
— metado, action of com-
pounding ; — meteco, the
77
KUNIKL-0
KURJER-0
manner by which a thing
has been composed or
made; — ligi, to tie to-
gether ; — preni, to take
with oneself ; — veni, to
come together, to as-
semble ; — labori, to col-
laborate ; — vojiranto, a
fellow-traveller ; — milit-
anto, comrade-in-arms ;
—kaptito, fellow-prisoner ;
— uloj, associates ; — e,
jointly ; mal — e, separ-
ately ; — e — ; at the
same time, together with ;
— tiri, to pull together.
kunikl-o, rabbit.
kup-o, cupping glass.
kupe-o, coupe, compart-
ment in carriage.
kupol-o, cupola, dome.
kupon-o, coupon
kupr-o, brass; —a, of brass;
— i, to cov^er with brass ;
flava — 0, latten, brass
wire.
kur-i, to run ; al — i, to run
to, to have recourse to ;
for — i, to run away ; to
fly away ; for — anto, a
fugitive ; — isto, runner ;
trans — into, deserter.
kurac-i, to treat the sick ;
— ado, treatment ; — ilo,
remedy ; — isto, doctor,
medical man.
kuraĝ-a, courageous; — o,
courage ; — ^, to dare,
to have the courage of ;
—igi, to encourage ; —igi,
to become courageous ;
— e ! courage ! — ulo, a
courageous man; sen — a,
discouraged, dispirited ;
— eco, prowess, bravery ;
sen — eco, prostration, de-
jection ; mal — a, coward-
ly ; mal — o, cowardice ;
sen — igi, to discourage ;
sen — igi, to get discour-
aged ; mal — igi, to cow
down ; mal — igi, to grow
cowardly; sen — igo, the
act of becoming discour-
aged ; sen — eco, the state
of being discouraged ;
mal — ulo, a coward ; re
— igi, to take heart again ;
— ega, intrepid ; — ego,
intrepidity.
kurant-a (monato), instant.
kurator-o, curator, trustee.
kurb-o, curve; — a, curved;
— eco, curvature ; — igi,
to bend, to curve ; — igi,
to get curved ; — igo, the
act of bending.
kuri-o, curia, papal court.
kurier-6», mail, despatch ;
— isto, courier ; — sipo,
mail-boat.
kurioz-a, uncommon; —ajo,
a curiosity.
kurjer-6>, courier.
78
KURS-0
KVIET-A
kurs-0, course (lessons).
kursiv-ti, cursive {adj.).
kurtag-o, brokerage.
kurten-o, curtain ; lit — o,
bed-curtain ; pordo — o,
door-curtain ; rul — o,
rolling-blind ; flank — o,
side-curtain.
kusen-o, cushion ; lit — o,
bolster ; hap — o, pillov.^ ;
— ego, eiderdown bed.
kuŝ-i, to be lying down, to
be situated ; — ejo, couch,
bed ; — ujo, bed of a
river; —emulo, sluggard,
idler, one fond of his
bed; sub—i, to lie un-
der; — iĝi, to get into
bed.
kutim-i, to get used to ;
— 0, habit ; — a, usual,
accustomed ; —igi, to ac-
custom ; mat — i, to get
unused to ; — e, usually.
kutr-o, cutter (nav.).
kuv-6), tub, vat, copper ;
ban—o,h8Lthing tub; —eto,
small vat or tub.
kuz-o, cousin (m.); — ino,
cousin (/.).
kvadrant-o, quadrant.
kvadrat-o, square {noun) ;
— a, square (adj.).
kvadratur-o, quadrature.
kvadrig-o, quadrige (four
horses abreast).
kvadril-o, quadrille.
kvaker-o, quaker.
kvalifik-z, to qualify.
kvalit-o, quality.
*kvankam, although
though.
kvant-o, quantity.
■^kvar, four ; — a, fourth ;
— igi, to divide into four
parts ; — obla, quadruple
(adj.); — ohligi, to make
four times larger; — ob-
ligi, to grow four times
larger ; — ono, fourth
part ; Jcvarope, four to-
gether (adv.); — foje, four
times (adv.).
kvaranten-o, quarantine.
kvarc-6>, quartz.
kvart-o, fourth (mus.).
kvartal-o, quarter of a
town, section.
kvartet-o, quartetto, quar-
tet.
kvast-o, tuft, tassel, knot.
*kvazaŭ, as if, as it were.
kver-z, to coo.
kverk-o, oak.
kvestor-o, quaestor.
kvidprokv-o, quid pro quo.
kviet-a, calm, peaceful,
quiet ; — igi, to calm, to
tame, to appease, to as-
suage ; — igisto, a tamer
(of animals); — igi, to
get calm, to be molified,
to be appeased ; — eco
calm, quietude, serenity;
79
*KVIN
LAKON-A
mal — a, agitated, turbu-
lent, quarrelsome ; mal
— eco, restlessness ; tur-
bulence; mal — i, to get
uncontrollable, to rage.
*kvin, five; — «, fifth;
— obla, fivefold (adj.) ;
— obligi, to make five
times as large ; — obligi,
to get five times larger ;
—ono, a fifth part ; —ope,
five together (adv.) ;
— foje, five times (adv.)
"kvint-o, fifth (mus.).
kvintesenc-o, quintessence,
kvit-rt, quit.
kvitanc-i, to give a receipt ;
— 0, receipt.
kvocient-o, quotient.
kvodlibeto, quodlibet.
*r for la, after preposi-
tions, de, je, ce, and in
certain other cases (es-
pecially in poetry).
*la, definite article {the}.
labirint 6>, labyrinth, maze.
labor-i, to work, to labour ;
— 0, work, labour ; —ema,
working, fond of work;
mal— ema, lazy ; mal—emo,
laziness ; — anto, one
working ; — isto, working
for a livelihood ; man—o,
manual labour ; el — i, to
elaborate ; el — ajo, work
produced (not literary
nor musical) ; p-i — i, to
cultivate certain work ;
per — i, to acquire by
one's labour; kun — i, to
collaborate ; tag— isto, day
labourer ; pun — o, penal
servitude ; — ejo, work-
shop, workroom ; lu—isto,
hired labourer.
lac-a, tired, fatigued ; -igi,
to tire ; — iga, tiring ;
— igo, the act of tiring
others; — igi, to get
tired; — igo, the state
of growing tired ; — eco^
state of fatigue ; sen — a,
sen — iga, indefatigable.
lacert-o, lizard.
laĉ-o, string, gin, springe ;
— i, to lace.
lad-o, tin, tin-plate.
laf-c, lava.
\2bg-o, lake ; — eto, pond.
lagun-o, lagoon.
laik-(9, layman ; — a, lay
{adj.).
lak-o, varnish ; — i, to var-
nish.
lake-o, lackey.
lakon-a, laconic
80
LAKONISM-0
LATIN-A
lakonism-ĉ), laconism.
laks-o, diarrhoea ; — ilo,
purgative ; — igi, to
purge.
lakt-6», milk ; — umo, milt,
melt, soft roe.
lam-a, lame ; — ulo, lame
man ; —igi, to lame some
one ; — igi, to become
lame , — bastono, crutch ;
— ^, to walk lame.
lam-o, llama.
lama-o, lama.
lamaism-o, lamaism.
lamp-o, lamp.
lampir-o, glow-worm.
\a.n-o, wool ; — eca, woolly ;
— a, of wool ; saf — o,
fleece ; —kovrilo, blanket.
lanc-o, spear, lance.
lancet-o, lancet.
land 0, country; ban — o,
bathing station ; en — a,
indigenous, native ; en
— ulo, a native ; sam
— ulo, a compatriot ;
all — a, exotic; ali — ulo,
foreigner ; ali—o, foreign
country.
lang-o, tongue (organ).
langust 0, spiny lobster.
lani-o, shrike (bird).
lantan-o, lantana (bot).
lantern-o, lantern.
lanug-(9, down, tender hair ;
— a, diowny.
lap-o, bur.
lapis-o, lapis (w lapis lazuli);
lunar caustic.
lar-o, sea-gull.
lard-o, lard ; — i, to lard.
larĝ-a, wide; — o, width,
breadth ; — o, latitude
(geog.) ; — eco, width;
opp. to length ; pli~igi,
to widen ; laŭ — e, trans-
versely ; laŭ — a, trans-
versal ; mal—a, narrow ;
mal — eco, narrowness;
mal — igi, to become nar-
row ; plimal—iĝi, to grow
narrower ; plimal—igi, to
make narrower.
larik-o, larch.
laring-o, larynx.
larm-o, tear (of the eye).
larv-o, larva (grub).
las-t, to leave, to let go,
etc. ; al — i, to admit ;
al — ebla, admissible:
el — i, to let go ; de — i,
to allow to leave; siir — i,
to let go on . . . ; en — i,
to let enter, to let go in ;
tra — i, to let go through;
preter — i, to allow to pass
on ; for — i, to vacate, to
abandon ; nefor — ebla,
indispensable; el—o,
vent-hole.
last-a, last ; antaii — a, last
but one.
lat-o, lath, batten.
latin-a, latin (adj.); —a
81
I.ATlNISM-0
T.EPR-0
linijvo, latin language ;
— ajo, latin \yriting.
latinism-o, latinism.
latrin-o, latrine, cesspool,
closet.
1 X f h lettuce,
latuk-oj
latun-o, latten.
*laŭ, according to; in ac-
cordance with ; — wle, at
will; — longe,, in length.
laub-o, arbour, green
arbour.
laud-i, to praise, to laud ;
— 0, — ado, praise ; eh — i,
to begin praising ; — egi,
to exalt; mal — i, to
blame.
laiintenis o, lawn-tennis.
laŭr-o, laurel.
laŭreat-(9, laureate.
\aŭt-ĉ, aloud, loudly ; — a,
distinct, clearly heard ;
mal — a, indistinct, low
toned, muffled ; mal — e,
in a low voice.
lav-?, to wash ; sin — i, to
wash oneself ; rjo, wash-
house, laundry; — istino,
laundress ; — vjo, wash-
ing-stand, lavatory ;
— vazo, basin for washing
in.
lavang-o, avalanche.
lavend-o, lavender.
lazur-o, azure ; — a i^lono,
lapis lazuli.
lecion f, lesson ; doni leci-
onon, to give a lesson.
led-^, leather; — pretigisto,
tanner ; — rimeno, a
thong.
leg-i, to read ; ek — i, to be-
gin to read ; — o, -^ado,
reading; tra — i, to read
through ; — anto, reader;
— isto, public reader.
legat-o, legacy.
legend- 0, legend.
legi-o, legion.
legitim-i, to legitimize ;
lawful ; — ado, le-
gitimization.
legom-o, vegetable ; — a
_(7ar6?e7io, vegetable garden.
legumino, legume ; — ajo,
legumen.
lego, law ; — o scienco,
science of law ; — igi, to
legislate,
lek-i, to lick.
lekant-o, marguerite; — cto,
daisy.
lekci-o, lecture,
leksikon-o, lexicon,
lektor-o, lecturer,
lent-o, lentil.
lentug-o, freckle.
leon-o. lion.
leontod (?, dandelion,
leopard-o, leopard,
lepor-o, hare.
lepr 0, leprosy ; — ulo, a
leper.
82
LERN-I
LIBR-0
lern -^, to learn ; — anto,
pupil, apprentice ; — ejo,
school; mem — ito, self-
taught man; — o lihro,
handbook, instruction
manuel ; — i parkere, to
learn by heart ; tra — i,
to learn through ; el — ^,
to study ; kun — anio,
fellow-student.
lert-a, clever, dexterous,
etc. ; — eco, cleverness,
smartness ; — ulo, clever
man ; mal — a, awkward,
not clever; — igi, to
make clever; — igi, to
become clever ; — ega,
of consummate alnlity.
lesiv-o, wholesale washing
of clothes.
letargi-o, lethargy.
leter-o, letter, epistle ;
— isfo, postman.
leŭk-o, league (old itinerary
measure).
leŭtenant-o, lieutenant ;
sub — 0, under-lieutenaut,
sub-lieutenant.
lev-/, to lift, to raise ; — ilo,
lever ; horn — ilo, lift ;
mrgo — ilo, hoist or lift
for goods ; pi ad— ilo, lift
for plates, dishes, etc. ;
re — i, to raise again, to
put upright what had
fallen; —igi, to rise, to
get up, also speaking of
the sun, moon, and stars;
re — igi, to get up from
being down ; — igo, the
getting up; mal — i, to
lower ; 7nal — o, lowering;
mal— igi, to bend down,
to sink ; mal — igo, the
act of sinking down,
crouching.
levid-o, levite.
levkoj-ĉ^, gilliflower, wall-
flower.
■'^li, he, him ; lia, his ; lin,
him (accus.).
lian-o, bindweed.
libel-o, dragon-fly.
liber-a, free, exempt ; — eco,
liberty, freedom ; mal
— a, captive, not free,
caught ; mal — eco, de-
privation of freedom,
captivity ; mal — ulo, a
captive, a prisoner ; mal
— ejo, a prison ; — igi,
to free, to deliver, to
exempt; — igi, to get
free, to become ex-
empted ; — a loko, a
vacant place ; — igo,
— igo, exemption.
liberal-«, liberal ; — eco,
liberality ; — ^do, liberal
(polit.).
liberalism-o, liberalism.
libr-o, book ; — efo, pam-
phlet, small hook;
— otenado, book-keeping;
83
LICE-0
UTOGRAF-I
— otenisto^ book-keeper ;
— ejo, bookseller's shop ;
— isto, bookseller.
lice-o, lyceum (French col-
lege).
licenciat-o, licenciate.
lien-o, spleen.
lig-i, to tie; — 0, alliance,
league, tie ; — ano, lea-
guer, member of a league
or alliance ; — ilo, a tie,
that which ties or binds ;
— ajo, bundle ; al — i, to
tie up, to attach ; al
— igita, attached, tied up ;
al — igiteco, attachment,
etc. ; inter — i, to bind
together; inter — o, con-
nection, mutual alliance;
Jcim — i, to tie together.
lign-o, wood (the substance)
timber ; — isto, timber-
merchant ; dealer in
wood; — ajisto, joiner;
— aro, heap of wood,
wood stack.
lignr-o, greenfinch.
liken-o, lichen ; also herpes,
dandruft\
likvid-i, to liquidate ; — o,
liquidation; — anto,
liquidator.
likvor-o, liqueur — isto,
liqueur maker, or dealer.
lili-o, lily.
lim-o, limit, boundary ;
— igi, to limit; sen — a.
unlimited, boundless ;
sam — a, adjacent;
— tempo, term, time when
due.
limak-o, snail (not edible).
limf-o, lymph ; — a, lym-
phatic.
limonad-o, lemonade ; — isto,
one who makes and sells
lemonade.
lin-o, flax.
linari-c, red linnet.
linc-i, to lynch.
lingv-o, language ; — ajo,
speech (the faculty).
lingvistik-o, linguistics.
lini-o, line ; — ilo, a ruler
(to trace lines).
link-6>, lynx.
li'p-o, lip ; — haroj, mous-
tache.
lir-o, lyre.
liiik-o, a lyric (poetry) ^
— isto, a lyric poet ; — a,
lyric (adj.).
lit-o, bed (in a house) ;
— ajo, bedding, bed-fur-
niture; — kovrilo, counter-
pane.
litani-o, litany.
litargiro, litharge.
liter-o, letter (alphabet).
literatur-o, literature ; — a,
literary ; — isto, writer.
liti-(9, lithium.
litograf-i, to lithograph ;
— a, lithographic ; — isto^
84
LITOLOGI-0
LONG-A
lithographer; — ado,
lithography ; — ejo,
lithograph printing esta-
blishment.
litologi-o, lithology.
litotrici-Oj lithotrity.
litotripsi-o, lithotripsy.
Litov-a (adj.), Lithuanian;
— 0, a Lithuanian ; — ujo,
Lithuania.
litr-o, litre ; deci — o, deci-
litre ;heJcfo — (3, hectolitre.
liturgi-o, liturgy.
liut-o, lute.
liver-i, to deliver, to supply ;
— anto, a provider, a
tradesman, a supplier ;
— 0, — ajo, delivery.
livr-o, pound (sterling).
livre-o, livery.
lod-o, half-ounce.
log-i, to allure ; de — i, to
entice, to seduce by
allurements ; /w — z, to
entice away by allure-
ments ; al — i, to attract,
by allurement ; de — isto,
seducer.
logaritm-o, logarithm.
logik-o, logic [noun) ; — a,
logical.
logogrif-o, logogriph,
riddle.
loĝi, to dwell, to inhabit,
to lodge ; — ado, domi-
cile ; — ejoj dwelling
place ; — anto, inhabi-
tant; hm — anto, fellow
lodger; — igi, to place
any one in an abode;
— igi, to settle in a
dwelling place.
loĝi-o, box (at a theatre) ;
lodge.
lojal-a, loyal; —eco, loy-
alty.
lojt-o, lote (fish).
lok-o, place, spot; — a,
local; — i, to place; dis
— i, to place in various
places ; trans — i, to dis-
place, to transfer; trans
— igi, to move from one
place to another, to
transfer oneself; gnst — a,
in its proper place, in
the right place ; negust
— a, displaced, not in the
right place ; ali — e, else-
where ; ia—e, anywhere.
lokomobil-o, locomotive
engine for agricultural
uses.
lokomotiv-o, locomotive
engine on rails.
lol-o, tares.
long-a, long ; — o, length ;
— eco, the quality of
being long ; laŭ — e,
lengthwise ; ■ — igi, to
lengthen ; pli — igi, to
make longer ; — igo,
action of lengthening
— igi, to grow long ; pli
85
LONICER-0
LUTR-0
— iĝi, to grow longer;
— igo, act of growing
long ; pli — igo, act of
growing longer ; mal
— igi, to shorten, to
curtail; mal — igi, to be
shortened, to get cur-
tailed ; mal — igo, the act
of shortening ; mal — igo,
abbreviation undergone;
mal — e, briefly ; antaŭ ne
— e, not long ag i ; laŭ^e,
in length.
lonicer-o, honeysuckle.
lorn-o, telescope, spy -glass;
— efo, opera-glass.
lot-i, to draw lots ; — umi,
to allot.
loteri-c>, lottery ; — a bileto,
lottery ticket.
lozanĝ-6), lozenge (blazon.
and geoiii).
lu-i, to hire; — anto, tenant;
— igi, to let; — iganto,
landlord, owner ; — ehla,
to let, to be let.
lucern-6>, lucern.
lud-i, to play ; — o, game,
action of amusing one-
self ; action, play of an
actor, of a musician, etc. ;
— anto, player ; — ema,
addicted to play, gam-
bling.
luks-o, luxury; — a, sump-
tuous ; — i, to live sump-
tuously.
lul i, to lull to sleep ; -ilo,
cradle.
lum-i, to shine ; — o, light ;
mal — 0, darkness ; — a,
luminous ; mal — a, dark,
tenebrous ; —eco, quality
of being luminous ; sen
— eco, obscurity ; ek—i,
to begin to shine ; —eti^
to cast a feeble light;
— igi al, to give light
to ; — igilo, a luminary ;
— ingo, candlestick, flam-
beau, link ; — turo, light-
house ; radi — a, radiant ;
7nal — igi, to cause dark-
ness ; mal — igi, to grow
dark ; 7nal — igo, eclipse ;
— ŭrmilo, screen.
lumb-o, loins, lumbal re-
gions ; — ajo, loin of
beef, etc.
lun-o, moon ; — a, lun-
ar.
lunatik-o, lunatic.
lund-o, Monday.
lup-o, wolf ; — ino, she-
wolf.
lupen-(?, lupin {hot.).
lupol-ĉ>, hop (plant).
lustr-o, lustre, chande-
lier.
lut-2, to solder ; al—i, to
solder to ; kiin — i, to
solder together.
luteran^, lutheran.
lutr-o, otter.
86
MAC O
^MAL
M
mac-o, unleavened bread.
inaĉ-(?, to masticate ; — ado,
mastication,
madon-o, madonna.
Madrid-o, Madrid ; — ano,
Madrileno.
magazen-o, warehouse,
shop.
magio, magic ; — a, magic
{adj.) ; — isto, magician.
magistro, magister, M.A.,
etc.
magistrate?, magistrate,
magna to, magnate,
grandee.
magnet-o, magnet ; — i, to
rub or touch witli a
magnet.
magnetisms, magnetism ;
—a, magnetic.
magnetiz-i, to magnetize ;
— anto, magnetizer
(occasional) ; — isto, a
professional magnetizer;
— ato, the person magne-
tized,
magnezi-o, magnesium,
magnoli 0, magnolia.
mahagon-o, mahogany.
mahometan-o, mahometan
maiz-o, maize.
Maj-o, May.
majest-a, majestic ; — o,
majesty.
majolik-o, majolica.
major-o, major (milif.).
majstr-o, master of his art,
profession ; — eco, qual-
ity of master; sub — o,
foreman, usher.
makadamo, macadam; — i,
to macadamize.
makaron-o, macaroon.
makaroDi o, macaroni.
makler -/, to do the business
of a broker ; — a, of a
broker ; — isto, broker ;
— ajo, brokerage.
makrocefal-(>, spermaceti
whale.
makrop-o, kangaroo.
maksim-o, maxim.
maksiraum 0, maximum.
makul-o, spot, stain ; — i,
to soil, to stain; sen — a,
spotless, immaculate ;
forigi — ojn, to take away
the spots ; sen—igi, to
render spotless.
makulatur-o, printer's
waste sheet.
makzel-o, jaw ; — a, max-
illary.
*mal-, shows the opposites;
bona, good ; — bona, bad,
wicked, evil ; estimi, to
' esteem ; — estimi, to de-
spise ; — a, contrary ;
— e, contraril}^, on the
contrary ; — bonvole, re-
87
MALAJ-0
MANOMETR-0
luctantly; — facila, diffi-
cult, abstruse ; — sup-
reniri, to descend ;
— rapidire, by goods
train.
Malaj-o, Malay.
malakit-o, malachite.
malari-o, malaria.
maleol-o, ankle.
■^malgraŭ, in spite of.
malic-a, malicious ; — o,
malice; — eco, state of
the malicious.
malt-o, malt.
malv-o, mallow (hot.) ; — a,
— kolm'a, mauve (adj.).
malvarmum-i, to catch
cold ; — 0, a cold.
mam-o, breast ; — p}into,
teat, nipple.
mamut-o, mammoth.
man-o, hand ; — a, manual,
of the hand; — laboro,
manual labour ; — farita,
hand-made ; — radiko,
wrist; — platOj palm of
the hand; plen — o, hand-
ful ; — premo, hand-
shaking.
mana-o, manna.
mandaren-o, mandarin.
mandat-o, money -order
(post).
mandolin-o, mandolin.
mandragor-o, mandrake.
manego-o, riding-school.
mangan-o, manganese.
mang-t, to eat ; — egi, to
eat to excess ; — egema,
gormandising ; — egemo,
gluttony ; — egulo, gor-
mandizer ; — 0, eating ;
— ado, repast ; — ajo,
food ; — ejo, refectory ;
— ujo, manger:— oramiro,
dining-room ; — eti, to
take a slight repast; — eto,
light repast; maten — i,
to breakfast; maten — o,
breakfast ; tag — o, mid-
day meal ; vesper — i, to
dine (at night) ; vesper
— 0, late dinner ; nokto
— i, to take supper;
nokto — 0, supper; — rest-
ajo, the table leavings;
— ilaro, table utensils,
dinner service, etc.
mani-o, mania ; — ulo,
maniac.
manier-o, manner, way ;
tia — Ĉ, in this way.
manifest-o, manifesto.
manik-o, sleeve.
manipul-^, to manipulate;
— ado, manipulation.
mank-i, to be wanting; —o,
want, absence of some-
thing ; sĉTim^er — a, which
has no flaw or miss,
continuous ; seninter — e,
without intermission,
continuously.
manometr-o, manometer.
88
MANOYR-0
MASTODON-0
manovf 0, manoeuvre (mili-
tary or naval).
mansard-o, garret, attic.
mantel-o, mantle, cloak.
mantil-o, mantilla.
manufaktur-o, manufac-
ture ; — isto, maker.
manum-o, cuff, wristband.
manuskript-^, manuscript.
mar-o, sea ; — a, apud — a, of
the sea ; — isto, seaman ;
— istaro, the navy (the
men) ; — Jcolo, strait ;
— veturo, travelling by
sea, sea-passage ; —taŭga,
seaworthy ; — soldaio, a
marine ; — Moneto, a
pebble.
marasm-o, marasmus (med.),
atrophy.
marcipan-o, marchpane.
marc-Q, marsh, swamp; — a,
marshy, swampy ; —ejo,
swamp, bog.
marcand-i, to bargain.
mard-o, Tuesday.
margaren-o, margarine.
marĝen-o, margin.
marin-i, to marinate, cure,
souse and preserve ;
— ajo, preserves in vine-
gar, etc.
marionet-o, marionette.
mark-o, mark ; posta — o,
postage stamp ; — i, to
mark.
markez-o, marquee.
markiz-o, marquis.
markot-o, layei* (branch
attached to a plant laid
in the ground until it
takes root) ; — i, to mul-
tiply by layers.
marli-o, catgut.
marmelad-o, marmelade.
marmor-o, marble.
marmot 0, marmot.
maroken-o, morocco.
maron-o, edible chestnut.
Mars-o, Mars (the god).
mars-i, to march, walk on
foot; — 0, — ado, march
(subst.) ; bord — ejo, quay;
elc — i, to begin walking.
marŝal-o, marshal.
Mart-o, March (the month).
martel-o, hammer ; —iimi,
to hammer.
martingal-6), martingale.
martir-o, martyr ; — eco,
martyrdom.
mas-o, mass (large agglom-
eration).
masaĝ-o, massage ; — i, to
massage ; — isto, masseur.
masiv-a, massive; — o, solid
mass, group.
mask-o, mask ; sen — igi, to
unmask.
mason-^, to do mason's
work ; — isto, mason.
mast-6», mast.
mastik-6>, mastic.
mastodon-o, mastodon.
89
MASTR-0
MELODRAM-0
mastr 0, (master of a house);
host, etc. ; — mo, mis-
tress (of a house) ; host-
ess, etc.; ge — oj, master
and mistress — ajo,
household ; — iimi, to
manage the household ;
— umado, household
management.
maŝ-o, mesh (of a net).
masin-o, machine ; —isto,
machinist.
mat-o, mat, matting.
matador-o, matador.
matematik-a, mathemati-
cal ; — isto, mathema-
tician.
maten-o, morning.
materi-o, matter ; — a, ma-
terial (adj.).
material-o, material (noun).
materialism-o, materialism.
materialist -(?, materialist.
matrac-(?, mattress.
matric-6», matrix, mould,
die.
matrikul-o, matriculation.
matronin-o, matron.
matur-«, ripe ; — eco, ripe-
ness ; — igi, to ripen
(active) ; —iyi, to ripen
(neuter).
Maŭr-o, Moor;— tt, Moorish.
maŭzole-c, mausoleum.
mazurk-o, mazurka.
mebl-o, piece of furniture ;
— i, to furnish (house) ;
sen — igi, to take away
the furniture ; — isto,
cabinet-maker ; — aro,
complete set of furni-
ture ; sen — igi, to un-
furnish.
meĉ-6», wick.
medal-6» medal.
medalion-c», medallion.
medicin-o, medicine (the
science) ; — isto, physi-
cian.
medikament-o, a medi-
cine.
medit-i, to meditate.
medium-6>, medium (spirit-
ualism).
meduz 0, jellyfish, medusa.
mehanik-o, mechanics ;
— isto, mechanician.
mehanism-o, mechanism.
mejl-o, mile.
Meksik-o, Mexico ; — ano,
a Mexican.
mel-o, badger.
melankoli-f, melancholia ;
— a (adj.), melancholy.
melSiS-o, molasses.
meleagr-o, turkey (genus) ;
— ino, turkey-hen.
melis-o, garden-mint, balm-
mint.
melk-f, to milk.
melodi-o, melody ; —a,
melodious.
melodram 0, melodrama ;
— a, melodramatic.
90
MELON-0
MES-0
melon 0, melon ; akvo — o,
water-melon.
melope-f, melopa3ia ; the
art of melodizing.
meloplast-(?, meloplasty
(chir.) ; also musical
table.
*mem, self, selves ; fi venu
— , come yourself ; si
parolos — , she herself
will speak ; respondu
li — , let him answer
himself ; de sia alveno — ,
from his very arrival ;
ce V'pordo — , at the very
door ; — stara, indepen-
dent; — stareco indepen-
dence.
membr-o, member, limb
(also figuratively) ; di/c
— a, strong - limbed ;
— aro, the whole of the
limbs.
membran-o, membrane ;
— efo, skim of milk.
memor-i, to remember ;
— 0, remembrance; —(^/o,
token ; — a, of memory ;
— ebla, that may be
remembered ; — iiula,
worthy of being remem-
bered : re — o, a thing
remembered ; re — igi,
to recall to some one a
thing forgotten; re — icji,
to remember somethinc;
that had been forgotten ;
re — igo^ act of recalling
to some one a thing for-
gotten ; re — iĝo, act of
remembering something
forgotten.
mend-i, to give an order
(to a manufacturer, etc.) ;
— 0, an order ; — anfo,
he who gives the order ;
— ilo, an order form.
mensog-i, to tell untruths,
to lie ; — 0, untruth ;
— a, lying ; — ema, ad-
dicted to lying ; — emo,
habit of telling untruths ;
— anfo, a liar ; — into,
one who has lied ; — ulo,
an habitual liar.
menstruaci-o, menstruation,
ment 0, mint.
menton-6», chin.
mentor-o, mentor.
menu-o, menu.
menuet 0, a minuet (dance).
meridian-o, meridian.
merinos-o, merino ; — lano,
merino wool ; — a ŝfofo,
merino stuff (cloth).
merit-2, to deserve ; — o,
merit.
meriz-o, wild cherry, maz-
ard, small black cherry.
merkred-ĉ?, Wednesday.
merl-o, blackbird.
merlang-(9, whiting (fish).
mes-o, Mass (church office);
fari meson, to say mass.
91
MEST
MIASM-0
M.esi-0, Messiah.
mespil-o, medlar.
mestizo, half - breed,
(Spanish or American
Indian).
met-^, to put, to place ;
sur — i, to put on ; sur
— u vian capelon, put
on your hat ; eji — i, to
insert, to put in ; el — i,
to exhibit, to put in
sight; al — i, to apply
to, to put to ; al — i la
manon al sia brusto, to
put one's hand on one's
breast ; al — o, the ap-
plying ; de — i, to take
off ; de — u vian mantelon,
take off your cloak or
mantle ; dis — i, to dis-
perse, to disarrange ;
kun — i, to assemble,
to compose ; kun — eco,
composition, arrange-
ment of certain things ;
kun — ifa, compound;
tra—i, to thread ; to
push through ; re — i, to
put back ; intei' — o, in-
tervention.
metafizik-o, metaphysics.
metafor-o, metaphor.
metal-o, metal; — a, metal-
lic ; — fosisto, miner.
metalurgi-o, metallurgy.
metamorfoz-o, metamor-
phosis.
mete or- 0, meteor.
meteorologi-o, meteorol-
ogy.
meti-o, handicraft ; — ejo,
workshop ; ne — isto, an
amateur.
metod-o, method.
metr-o, metre : deci — o,
decimetre ; centi — o,
centimetre ; hekfo — o,
hectometre ; Jcilo — o,
kilometre ; — a, metric.
metrik-o, metrification,
metrics; — a, metric.
metropol-o, metropolis.
mev-o, sea-gull, sea-mew.
mez-o, midst, middle ; — a,
middle ; — e, middling,
moderately; fag — o, mid-
day; nokfo— 0, midnight;
— aj centjaroj, mediaeval
ages ; — onombro, aver-
age number ; — e de, in
the midst of ; — epoko,
mediaeval times.
mezalianc-o, mesalliance.
mezur-i, to measure ; — o,
measure ; — ilo, some-
thing to measure with ;
al — i, to adjust; sam — a,
of the same size, dimen-
sion, height, etc. ; sam
— igi, to make of same
size.
■^mi, I, me; min, me (ace);
mia, my, mine.
miasm-o, miasma.
92
MIAU-I
MINlSTR-0
miaŭ-i, to mew (cats).
miel- 0, honey; — kuko,
gingerbread.
mien-o, air, appearance (of
the face), mien.
migdal-o, almond ; — iijo,
almond-tree.
migr-i, to travel far and
wide ; en — anto, immi-
grant ; el — anto, emi-
grant; — axtejo, refuge
for travellers.
mikrob-o, microbe.
mikrometr-o, micrometer.
mikroskop-o, microscope ;
— a, microscopical.
miks-i, to mix ; — o, — ado,
the act of mixing; — ajo,
the things mixed ; al — i,
to mix with; kun — i,
to mix together; en — i,
to mix in ; en — iĝi, to
mix itself (oneself) with,
to meddle with; inter — i,
to muddle things ; en
— igipri, to tamper with.
*mil, thousand ; — o, thou-
sand as a measure
(noun) ; — jaw, mil-
lenium, millenary.
milemetr-o, millimetre.
mili-o, millet.
miliard-6», milliard.
milici-o, militia.
*milioii-o, million.
milit-i, to fight ; — o, war ;
— a, of war, military ;
— iro, a campaign ;
— isto, military man,
professional soldier;
— anto, he who is fight-
ing ; — istaro, army ;
— estro. army chief ;
— kapito, prisoner of
war; al — i, to conquer
by arms.
milv-o, kite (bird).
mimik-o, mimicry ; — isto,
a mimic.
mimoz-o, mimosa.
min-o, mine (coal, silver,
gold, etc.); — a, belong-
ing to a mine ; — ejo,
the excavation made to
draw from the earth, etc.
minaret-o, minaret.
mineral-o, mineral {noun):
— a, mineral (adj.).
mineralogi-o, mineralogy j
— a, mineralogic ; — isto,
mineralogist.
minac-i, to threaten; — o,
threat; —a, threatening.
mini-o, minium (red lead),
vermilion.
miniatur 0, miniature.
minimum-o, minimum.
ministr-o, minister; — ajo,
office, function ; — ejo,
office of the minister
(locale) ; — aro, the body
of the ministers, the
ministry, the govern-
ment.
93
mNus-0
MOK'l
minus-6>, deficit (minus).
miniit-6', minute (time).
miogal 0, musk-rat.
miop-a, short-sighted;
— ulo, short-sighted
man ; — eco, short-
sightedness.
miozot-o, myosotis.
mii-i, to be astonished, to
wonder ; — o, astonish-
ment ; — iga, astonish-
ing ; — igi, to astonish ;
— inda, wonderful ; — in-
dajo, wonder ; — indajisto,
M'onder-maker ; — egi,
to wonder at ; — ego,
great astonishment ;
— egigi, to strike with
wonder ; — egiga, as-
tounding ; — egindajo,
prodigy" _
mirabel-o, mirabelle (plum).
mirakl-o, miracle ; — a,
miraculous.
mirh-o, myrrh.
miriad-o, myriad.
miriametr-o, myriametre.
mirmekofag-o, great ant-
eater.
mirmeleon (9, ant-lion (in-
sect).
mirt-o, myrtle.
mirtel-o, bilberry, whortle-
berry-
misal-r), missal.
misi 0, mission ; — i.'if(f,
missionary.
mister-o, mystery.
mistifik-?', to mystify ; — o,
mystification.
mistik-ĉ?, a mystic; — a,
mystic {adj.).
misticismo, mysticism.
mit-o, myth.
mitologi-o, mythology.
mitr-o, mitre.
mitul-o, mussel.
mizex-o, misery; — a ,
wretched; — ulo, \vretch,
jJOverty stricken man.
mobiliz-^, to mobilise ; — o,
mobilisation.
mod-6», mode (fashion),
mood (gram.).
model-o, model ; — i, to
model ; — ilo, mould ;
— isto, modeller.
moder-a, moderate, tem-
perate ; — eco, modera-
tion ; — igi, to moderate,
to temper ; — if/i, to
get moderate, to restrain
oneself ; mal—a, exces-
sive, immoderate.
modern-a, modern.
modest-a, modest ; — fxo,
modesty; mal — a, boast-
ful ; mal — eco, boastful-
ness. arrogance.
modul-?', to modulate.
modulaci-o, modulation.
mok-i, to mock ; — o,
— ado, mockery ; — ajo,
act of mockery in words
94
MOL-A
MORD-I
or deed ; — ohirdo, mock-
ing-bird.
mol-a, soft ; — igi, to
soften ; — igi, to get
soft ; — igo, the state
of getting soft ; — eco,
indolence, softness;
— ega, flabby, flimsy ;
mal—a, hard ; mal — igi,
to harden, to make hard;
mal — igi, to grow hard,
to coagulate ; mal — igo,
coagulation; — anaso,
eidei'down ; — ajo the
soft part.
molekul-o, molecule.
molibden-ĉ?, molybdenum.
molusk-o, mollusc.
moment 0, moment.
mono, money; — a, pe-
cuniary ; — ofero, pecuni-
ary sacrifices ; — oferaclo,
subscription in money;
— ujo, purse ; — era, coin ;
— lielpo, subvention, sup-
port.
monaĥ-o, monk; — ejo,
monastery ; — eco, mon-
achism.
monarĥ-o, or monark-o,
monarch ; — ajo, mon-
archy (the state); — isto,
monarchist.
monat-o, month ; ciu — a.,
monthly; — ajo, menses.
mond-o, world ; — a, of the
world, also mundane.
-iloj, hands
moned-o, jackdaw.
monitor-o, monitor.
monogram-o, monogram.
monokl-o, monocle (eye-
glass).
monolog-o, soliloquy,
monologue.
monopol-o, monopoly.
monstr-o, monster ; — a,
unnatural.
mont-o, mountain ; — eto,
hill ; — aro, chain of
mountains; — ano,
mountaineer ; inter — o,
defile, ravine.
montr-z, to show; — o, in-
dication ; el — i, to show
signs of ; -
of clock, etc
monument-o,
ment.
mops-o, pug dog,
mastiff.
mor-o;', manners,
hon — oj, good
morality, decency.
moral-a, moral {adj.)] — eco,
morality: — aĵo, a moral,
a morality; ne — a, im-
moral.
morbil-<9, measles.
morcel-o, morĥel-o, moral,
moril (mushroom),
edible fungus.
mord-z, to bite; — o, a bite;
— a, biting; — ema,
inclined to bite; — eti,
monu-
young
morals ;
morals.
95
MORFIN-0
MUĜ-I
to gnaw; — eto, a small
bite, a gnawing.
morfin-(9, morphine.
^morgaŭ, to-morroAv; post
— , the day after to-
morrow.
mort-z, to die; — anto, a
dying man ; — into, the
deceased ; — o, death,
decease; — a, mortal, of
death ; — ema, liable to
die ; — ado, mortality
in a given time ; — eco,
liability to death ; sen —
a, ne — ema, immortal ;
sen — eco, immortality ;
— igi, to die out; — igi,
to kill, to cause death ;
— iga, deadly ; — igo,
murder; — iganto, mur-
derer ; mem — igo, sui-
cide; mem — igi, to com-
mit suicide; mem — iginto,
a suicide (person);
— intajo, carrion.
morter-6>, mortar (building).
moru-o, cod-fish.
morus-o, mulberry ; — ujo,
mulberry-tree.
mosk-o, musk.
moske-o, mosque.
moskit-o, mosquito.
most 0, unfermented wine,
must.
most (), general title of
politeness ; Vht rega
Mosto, Your Majesty ;
Via generala Mosto,
General ; Via episkopa
Mosto, My Lord Bishop;
Via Mosto, Your Hon-
our, Your AVorship, etc.
etc.
mot-o, motto, device.
motacel-o, wagtail (bird).
motiv-o, motive, ground
for doing.
motor 0, motor.
mov-i, to move, to put in
motion; — o, movement,
motion; — ado, the
power of motion; — ehla,
mobile ; sen — a, motion-
less ; sen — eco, immo-
bility ; sen — igi, to render
motionless; — ema, in-
clined to move, restless,
active ; for — i, to move
. . . away, to turn away
(act.); — ilo, motor.
— forto, motive force;
propra — ^, spontaneously.
mozaik-o, mosaic, mosaic
work.
mucid-a, mucid, mouldy,
musty ; — eco, mucidity,
age.
muel-z, to grind (corn) ;
— ilo, mill (the machine);
— ejo, mill (the build-
ing) ; — isto, miller.
muf-o, muflf.
muĝ-i. to roar (wind, waves,
etc.).
96
MUĈ-O
NAĜ-I
muk-0, glair, mucus.
mul-o, mule; — ino, (/.);
— isio, muleteer.
mult-o, -a, -ĉ, much, many,
numerous ; — o da, or
— e da pano, much
bread ; — aj infanoj,
many children ; — o, a
large number ; — ego,
infinite number ; — igi,
to multiply ; — igado,
multiplication ; — igi, to
be multiplied ; — iganto,
multiplier ; — igato, mul-
tiplicand ; j^/i — igi, to
become more multiplied ;
la pli — 0, the most part,
the majority ; la malpli
— 0, the minority ; mal
— igi, to lessen the quan-
tity, to make it little.
mumi-o, mummy.
munici-o, munition.
mur-o, wall; — ego, thick
wall.
murmur-z, to murmur, to
grumble ; — o, murmur ;
— eti, to murmur softly.
mus-o, mouse.
musk-o, moss.
muskat-o, nutmeg.
musked-y, musket.
muskol-o, muscle.
muslin-o, muslin ; 7« ?/Z — 0,
mull muslin.
mustard-o, mustard ; — ujo,
mustard-pot, or cruet.
mustel-o, martin, sable.
muŝ-o, a fly (insect).
roMt-a, mute, dumb; — ulo,
dumb man ; — igi, to
become dumb ; — igi,
to make dumb ; — eco,
dumbness ; surda — ulo,
deaf and dumb man.
muz-o, muse.
muze-o, museum.
muzik-o, music ; — i, to
have music ; — anto,
musician (occasional) ;
— isto, professional musi-
cian.
N
-n, marks the direct object
or accusative, also the
direction or movement
towards a place : li
amas sian landon, he
loves his country ; ni
iras Bristolon, we go to
Bristol. (8)
o 97
naci-o, nation ; — a, nation-
al ; — eco, nationality ;
infer — a, international ;
inter — eco, internation-
ality.
nadir-o, nadir (astron.).
naft-o, naphtha.
naĝ-^, to swim ; — ado,
NAIV-A
NEKROLOGI-0
swimming ; — ada, nata-
tory ; for — i, to flee by
swimming.
naiv-a, artless, ingenuous ;
— eco, artlessness ; — ajo^
ingenuous act ; ■ — ega,
silly.
najbar-o, neighbour; — a,
neighbouring, near {adj. ) ;
— eco, vicinity (the situ-
ation) ; — ajo, the en-
virons, the neighbour-
hood (the places).
najl-o, nail (metal).
najtingal-o, nightingale.
nanken-6», nankeen.
nap-o, turnip.
narcis-o, daffodil, narcissus.
narkot-a, narcotic.
nask-i, to give birth to, to
bring forth ; — o, birth ;
— igi, to be born ; — ifjo,
given birth (the coming
to life) ; Krist — o, Christ-
mas ; du — ito, twin.
natur-o, nature ; — a, natur-
al ; super — a, superna-
tural; — scienco, natural
history; — is^o, naturalist.
*naŭ, nine ; — a, ninth
(adj.) ; — ono, the ninth
part.
naŭz-e, to sicken, to naus-
seate; — o, nausea; tio
ci — as al mi, this makes
me sick ; mi sentas — on,
I feel sick.
naz-o, nose; — a, nasal;
— umo, pince-nez, eye-
glass, purigi la — on, to
blow one's nose ; — tuJco,
handkerchief ; — eto,
spout (of a vase).
*ne, no, not ; — i, to deny;
— igehla, that may be
denied ; ne . . . plu, no
further, no longer.
nebul-o, fog, mist; — a,
foggy, misty _; —eco,
fogginess, mistiness; — i,
to be foggy ; — as, it is
foggy, misty ; —ego,
haze, white fog; — ega,
hazy.
neces-a, necessary ; — o,
necessity, want : — eco,
quality, character of
what is necessary — ujo,
dressing case, work box:
— ejo, water-closet; — ega,
indispensable.
neĝ-o, snow ; — i, to snow ;
— as, it snows.
negliĝ-o, deshabille, undress,
negligee.
negoc-o, business, transac-
tion ; fari — on hin iu,
to do business with any
one.
negr-o, negro.
*nek, neither, nor ; — ...
— , neither . . . nor.
nekrologi-o, necrology ;
— a, necrologic.
98
NEKTAR-0
NOBEL-0
nektar-0, nectar.
■^neni-o, nothing ; — igi, to
destroy completely, to
reduce to nothing ; — iĝi,
to vanish ; — igo, the
reducing to nothing ;
— igo, vanishing.
■'^nenia, none, not any.
^nenial, for no reason.
■*^neniam, never.
■^nenie, nowhere.
*neiiiel, by no means, not
at all, in no way.
■^nenies, nobody's no
one's.
■^neniom, nothing at all.
*neniu, nobody, no one.
neologism-ĉ), neologism.
aep-o, grandson ; ge — qj,
the grandchildren of a
grandfather; — ino,
grandaughter ; ^;?'a — o,
great-grandson.
nepotism-o, nepotism.
nepr-^, unfailingly ; — eco,
infallibility.
nerv-o, nerve ; — a, nervous ;
— aro, the nervous
system ; — doloro, neu-
ralgia.
nest-o, nest, den, lair, bur-
row ; konstru — i — on, to
build one's nest; — o de
urso, bear's den or lair,
net-o, clean copy ; 77ial — o,
rough copy, scribble.
neŭralgi-c, neuralgia.
neŭtr-fl, neuter (adj.) ; — a
verho, neuter verb ; — a
seJcso, neuter gender.
neutral-a, neutral (adj.) ;
— ulo, neutral (noun).
nev-o, nephew ; — (710,
niece ; ge — oj, nephew
and niece ; pra — 0, grand-
nephew.
^ni, we, us ; nia, our, ours ;
nin, us (ace).
nic-o, niche.
nigr-a, black; — 0, black
(the colour) ; — eco,
blackness ; — igi, to
blacken ; — igi, to be-
come black ; — ablua,
blue-black.
nikel-o, nickel.
nikotin-o, nicotine.
niks-o, nixie, nix, water
sprite.
nimb-o, nimbus, halo.
nimf-o, nymph.
niobi-o, niobium.
nivel-o, level ; — ilo, level
(instrument).
niz-o, sparrow-hawk.
-nj-, after the (1-5) first
letters of a feminine
noun used as an en-
dearing diminutive :
Mario, Mary ; Manjo,
Polly, little Mary ; jpatr-
ino, mother ; panjo, little
mother, darling mother.
nobel-c, nobleman ; mal — 0,
99
NOBL-A
NUANC-0
commoner ; — eco^ no-
bility (quality of noble-
man) ; — aro, the whole
nobility; — igi, to raise
to the peerage ; — ulo, a
noble.
nobl-ft, noble ; — eco, no-
bility, nobleness (of what
is above common things);
— igi, to ennoble.
nokt-o, night; — a, noc-
turnal, of night ; — e, at
night, during the night ;
—igo, the approach of
night, twilight ; —igas,
night is coming; — omezo,
midnight.
noktu-o, moth, night moth.
nom-o, name ; — i, to name ;
— e, namely ; — festo,
patron saint's day ; sam-
— ulo, homonym ; sam-
— a, homonymous; a-/ — o,
nickname ; al — i, to nick-
name ; si estas — ata, she
is called.
nomad-a, nomad (adj.) ;
— 0, nomad (noun) ; — ulo,
a gipsy.
nombr-o, number (quan-
tity) ; — a, of number ;
unu — 0, singular (noun) ;
muUe — 0, plural (noun) ;
granda — e, in large
quantities.
nominal-o, nominal.
nominalism-o, nominalism.
nominativ-o, nominative.
nord-o, north ; — a, north-
ern ; — e, towards the
north, in the north.
norm-o, rule, type, stand-
ard ; — a, normal ; kon-
traŭ — 0, abnormal.
normal-fl^, regular.
Norveg-o^, Norwegian (adj.);
— ujo, — lando, Norway;
— ano, a Norwegian.
nostalgi-0, homesickness.
not-i, to note, to quote;
— 0, a note.
notari-o, notary.
nov-a, new (novel, fresh) ;
— eco, novelty, newness ;
— ajo, a new thing ;
— igi, to renew ; re — igi,
to become renewed ;
re — igo, renovation ; re
— igo, renovation under-
gone ; re — iga, renovat-
ing; re — iganto, renova-
tor ; re — igebla, that may
be renewed ; mal — a,
ancient ; mal — eco, an-
cientness; mal — ajo, old
things ; — latina, neo-
latin ; — ulo, a novice.
novel-o, novel ; — isto,
novelist.
Novembr-o, November.
novic-o, novice ; — eco^
noviciate.
*nu ! Well !
nuanc-o, shade, hue, tint;
100
NUB-0
Oir^sTtr^-A
— iy to shade, to tint;
— igiy to get shaded,
tinted, etc.
nub-o, cloud, skies ; — a,
cloudy, of the clouds ;
fari — an vizagon, to
assume a gloomy face ;
— ego, large white cloud,
nud-a, nude, naked,
nuk-o, nape of the neck.
nuks-P, nut (of any kind).
nul-o, zero, naught; — igi,
to cancel, to annul ;
— igo, cancelling,
numer-o, number (No.).
numeral-o, a numeral.
numismatik-o, numisma-
tics.
*nun, now ; — a, present ;
— a (monato), instant ;
— eco, the present state ;
— ajo, something at
present occurring ; — e,
at present,
nunci-o, nuncio.
*nur, only, but (meaning
only).
nutr-z, to feed, to nourish ;
— ado, act of feeding ;
— ajo, the food provided;
mam — i, to suckle.
-0-, shows the noun or
substantive : homo, man
(in general) ; akvo,
water; libro, book.
oaz-o, oasis.
obe-i, to obey ; — o ; obed-
ience ; — a, obedient, of
obedience ; maZ — i, to
disobey ; mal — o, dis-
obedience.
obelisk-o, obelisk.
6biekt-o, object, thing,
matter (in question).
objektiv-o, objective
(gram.).
-obi-, shows multiple
numerals : du, two ; du
— a, double; du — igi, to
double.
oblat-o, wafer.
obligaci-o, bond (finance),
oblikv-a, oblique, slanting.
ohol-o, obolus, obole.
observ-f, to observe ; — o ;
— ado, observation,
watching ; — ema, in-
clined to watch, observe ;
— emo, habit of obser-
vation ; — anto, one
who watches, observes ;
— isto, an observer, a
Wiitcher (professional).
observatori-ĉ>, observatory.
dbstin-a, obstinate ; — i, to
101
•OBSTRL'KCO
OKUL-0
be obstinate, — o, action
of the obstinate ; —eco,
obstinacy.
obstrukc-o, obstruction ;
— i, to obstruct.
ocean-o, ocean.
Oceani-o, Oceania.
0Ĝ.-0, ode.
odor-z, to smell (of some-
thing) ; — 0, odour ; hon
— 0, perfume ; hon — i, to
exhale a pleasant per-
fume ; malhon — o, bad
smell ; malhon — i, to have
a bad smell.
ofend-z, to offend ; — o,
offence ; — a, offensive ;
— anto, offender; — into,
one who has offended.
ofer-i, to sacrifice ; — o,
sacrifice ; — enia, ad-
dicted to sacrifice ;
— emo, inclination to
sacrifice ; mon — o, money
gift; mon — ado, subscrip-
tion ; pli — i, to outbid.
ofic-ĉ?, functions, employ-
ment ; — isto, employe,
officer ; — ejo, office,
(place, building), bureau.
oficial-a, official; — igi, to
make official.
oficir-c?, officer (land or sea
forces).
oft-ĉ, often ; — a, frequent ;
mxd — a, rare ; mol — eco,
rarity ; — igi, to render
frequent ; — iĝ% to be-
come frequent; Tnal — igi,
to make rare; mal — igi,
to become rare ; pli — igi,
to make more frequent ;
jili — igi, to become more
frequent ; mal — aĵo, a
rare thing ; plej — e,
generally.
ogiv-o, ogee, ogive.
ojstr-o, gadfly.
"^^ok, eight ; — a, eighth ;
— ono, the eighth part
(noun).
okaz-z, to occur^ to take
place ; — o, occurrence,
occasion, case ; — a, acci-
dental ; — Ĉ, accidentally;
se — e fariĝus ke . . ., ii
perchance it happened
that . . .
okcident-o, west ; — a,
western.
okr-o, ochre.
okshoft-o, hogshead.
oksid-c», oxide ; — i, to
oxidize.
oksigen-o, oxygen.
oksikok-o, cranberry.
oktant-o, octant.
oktav-o, octave (music).
Oktobr-o, October.
okul-o, eye; — a, of the
eye, ocular; —6, ocularly,
— isto, oculist ; — haraj;
eye-lashes ; — vUrojj
spectacles.
102
OKUP-I
OPTATIV-0
okup-z, to occupy ; ek — i,
to take possession ; — o,
— ado, occupation (of
time) ; ek — o, occupation
(taking possession) ;
— ata, busy (present) ;
— ita, that has been
occupied ; sen — a, idle ;
sen — 0, idleness; ne — ata,
vacant.
okzal-o, sorrel.
*ol, than (in comparison).
ole-o, oil ; — a, of oil ;
— eca, oily ; —fahriko,
oil-manufactory ; — isto,
oil-maker ; — ujo, oil-
cruet, oil-bottle ; — ^,
to oil ; sankt — o, sacred
oil; sankt — i, to anoint
with sacred oil.
oleandr-o, oleander.
oligarĥi-o, oligarchy.
Olimpo, Olympus.
oliv-c;, olive ; — ujo, olive
tree; — forTna, olive
shaped.
omar-o, lobster.
ombr-o, shade, shadow.
ombrel-o, umbrella ; sun — o,
parasol, sunshade.
omnibus-o, omnibus.
-on-, shows fractional num-
bers: kvar, four; kvar — o,
a quarter, a fourth part.
ond-o, wave; — ego, billow
(sea) ; — olinia, M'-avy.
onglet-o, bookbinder's
guard ; — libro, guard-
book.
■^oni, one, they, people
(indefinite pronoun).
oniks-o, onyx.
onkl-o, uncle ; — ino, aunt ;
ge — oj, uncle and aunt
(together).
onobrik-o, sainfoin.
-ont-, shows participle fu-
ture active ; fari, to do,
to make ; far — a, having
to do, to make.
ontologi-o, ontology.
-op-, shows numeral collec-
tives : du, two ; du — a,
by two ; kvar — e, by
fours, four together ;
— a, collective (adj.).
opal-a, opal.
oper-o, opera.
operaci-o, operation ; — i,
to operate, to perform
an operation.
opi-o, opium.
opini-^, to opine ; — o,
opinion.
oportun-a, handy, easy of
use ; — 0, commodity ;
— eco, state of being
handy, easy of use ; pro
— 0, for the handv use
of.
opozici-o, opposition ; — ^',
to oppose ; sen — a, un-
opposed.
optativ 0, optative (gram.).
103
OPTIK-0
OKTODOKS-A
optik-o, optics ; — a, optic ;
— isto, optician.
optimism-o, optimism.
optimist-o, optimist.
oi-o, gold (metal) ; — a,
golden, of gold ; — ajo,
object made of gold ;
— ajisto, goldsmith; — i,
to gild ; — stofo, cloth of
gold, brocade.
orakol-o, oracle.
orangutang-o, orang-ou-
tang.
oranĝ-o, orange ; — ujo ;
— arbo, orange-tree.
oranĝeri-o, hot-house.
orator-o, orator.
oratori-o, oratory, oratori-
um, oratorio.
ord-o, order; — a, orderly,
in order; — igi, to put
in order; — igo, putting
in order; bon — a, in
proper order ; mal — a,
disarranged, in disorder;
mal — igi, to disarrange ;
mal — igo, the disarrang-
ing; sen — eco, state of
disorder ; — ema, of
orderly habits ; mal
— ■emcc, of disorderly
habits, without order.
orden-ĉ^, order of knight-
hood.
ordinar-a, ordinary ; ne — a;
ekster — a, extraordin-
ary.
ordon-t, to order, to bid, to
prescribe ; — o, order,
bidding, prescription.
orel-o, ear ; — ringo, ear-
ring
oif-o, orphan; — ino, or-
phan girl; — a, orphaned ;
— eco, orphanhood ; — ejOy
orphanage.
organ-o, organ.
organism-o, organism.
organiz-i, to organize ; — o,
— ado, organization ;
re — i, to reorganize.
orgasm-o, immoderate ex-
citement imed.).
orgen-o, organ {mus.).
oigi-o, orgy, revel, carouse.
orient-o. East ; — a, eastern.
origin-o, origin ; — a, orig-
inal.
originai-o, original (nomi) ;
— a, original.
oriol-o, oriole, loriot (bird).
orkestr-(9, orchestra.
orkide-o, orchid.
ornam-i, to adorn, to de-
corate ; — igi, to adorn
oneself ; — o, ornamenta-
tion ; — ajo, adornment
(what adorns) ; — isto,
decorator.
omat-o, clerical robes,
vestments.
ornitologi-o, ornithology.
orografi-o, orography.
ortodoks-a, orthodox.
104
ORTOGRAFI-0
PAF-1
ortografi-0, orthography.
ortopedi-o, orthopedics.
-OS, mark of the future ;
ami, to love ; mi arnos,
I shall love.
osced-^, to gape, to yawn ;
—0, gaping, yawning.
osifrag-o, osprey, fish-
hawk.
osmi-(9, osmium.
ost-o, bone; — iĝi, to get
ossified ; — igo, ossifica-
tion.
ostr-o, oyster ; — ujo, oyster
bed.
ostracism-o, ostracism,
-ot-, shows participle future
passive ; y?<(/i, to judge;
jug — a, that will be
judged, that is to be
judged.
ov-o, egg; — ajo, omelet;
— blanko, white of egg;
—flavo, yoke of egg;
— foi'ma, egg shaped ;
— ujo, ovary.
ovaci-o, ovation.
oval-o, oval {noun) ;
oval, {adj.).
ozon-o, ozone.
pac-o, peace ; — a, of peace ;
— ema, of peaceable dis-
position, inclined to
peace ; — ido ; — emulo ;
peaceful man, man of
peace ; — e, in peace,
peacefully ; — igi, to
pacify, to reconcile ;
— iĝi, to make peace, to
be reconciled ; mal — o,
discord, quarrel; mal — i,
to disagree, to quarrel ;
mal — igi, to embroil, to
cause discord ; mal
— ema, of a quarrelsome
disposition ; mal — ulo ;
mal — emulo, quarrelsome
man ; inter — o, truce,
armistice,
pacienc-o, patience ; — a,
patient, of patience ;
— ulo, patient man ;
havi — on, to have
patience ; — e ! patience !
be quiet !
pacj-o, papa,
paĉul-o, patchouli,
paf-?", to shoot; — isto,
marksman ; — ilo, gun ;
— ilego, cannon ; — arko,
bow (weapon) ; — arkisto,
bowman, archer; — o, a
shot ; — ado, musektry
discharge.
105
PAG-I
PAP-0
pag-e, to pay; —o, pay-
ment ; — a, of payment ;
— ota, payable ; — e, by
paying ; sen — a, gratui-
tous ; sen — e, gratis ;
el — i, to fully discharge
a debt ; de — o, tribute ;
— okapabla, solvent.
pagod-o, pagoda.
pag-o, page (of a book).
paĝi-ĉ?, page boy.
pajl-o, straw, thatch ; — a,
of straw ; — a tegmento,
thatched roof.
pak-e, to pack ; — ado,
packing ; — o, packet,
parcel ; — eto, small
parcel; —ajo, luggage;
en — i, to put into a
parcel ; — anto, one who
packs up ; — isto, packer.
pal-ft, pale (adj.) ; — igi,
to make pale ; — igij to
grow pale ; — eco, pale-
ness ; — ega, wan, pallid ;
— egigi, to grow pallid ;
— egeco, pallidness.
palac-ĉ), palace ; — a, pala-
tial.
paladi-o, palladium.
palinur-o, rock lobster.
palanken-(9, palanquin.
palat-o, palate ; — a, of the
palate.
paleografi-o, paleography.
paleontologi-o, paleonto-
logy.
paletr-o, palette (of artist),
palis-o, stake; — aro, palis-
ade ; — eto, stamen (hot.).
palisandr-o, rosewood.
palm-6>, palm tree ;
— obranco, palm.
palp-z, to feel about, palp ;
— ado, the sense of
touch; — e, by feeling
about (in the dark) ;
— ehla, palpable,
palpebr-o, eyelid ; — a, of
the eyelids; — umi, to
wink,
palt-o, greatcoat,
pamflet-o, pamphlet,
pan-o, bread ; — isto, baker ;
— farado, baking ;
— komerco, bread-selling ;
— hutiko, baker's shop ;
— fermentilo, yeast.
panegir-a, {adj.) panegyric ;
— 0, panegyric {noun) ;
— ulo, flatterer.
panel-o, panel, wainscot,
panik-o, a panic,
panikl-o, panicle (hot.).
panj-c, mamma,
panoram-o, panorama,
pantalon-o, trousers, pair
of trousers.
panteism-o, pantheism,
panteist-o, pantheist,
panter-o, panther.
pantofl-o, slipper,
pantomim-o, pantomime,
pap-o, pope.
106
PAPAG-0
PAROKSISM-0
papag-0, parrot.
papav-o, poppy.
paper-c, paper; — a, of
paper ; — vjo, pocket-
book ; — faristo, . paper-
maker ; — isto, stationer ;
— far ado, paper-making ;
— komerco, paper trade ;
— butiko, stationary,
stationer's shop ; — rulo,
a scroll.
papili-c», butterfly.
papirus-o, papyrus.
par-o, pair, brace, couple ;
— a, even (number),
similar; — nombro, even
number; ne — a, odd.
para-c, Servian coin, etc.
parabol-o, parabola (mathe-
matics).
parad-i, to parade, to show
off; — 0, military review.
paradigm-o, paradigm.
paradiz-o, paradise.
paiadoks-o, paradox.
paraf-o, flourish, paraph.
parafin-o, paraffin.
parafraz-ĉ>, paraphrase.
paragraf-(9, paragraph.
paralel-a (adj.), parallel ;
— e kitn, parallel with.
paralelogram-c, parallelo-
gram.
paraliz-i, to paralyze ; — o,
paralysis ; — ito, paraly-
tic.
parapet-o, parapet.
parazit-o, parasite ; —a,
parasitical.
parcel-o, lot of land.
parciinoni-(?, parsimony ;
— a, parsimonious ; — e,
parsimoniously.
pardon-i, to forgive ; — o,
forgiveness ; tic — ebla,
unpardonable ; — ebleco,
state of what can be for-
given ; — u ! excuse me !
parenc-(?, relative {noun) ;
— a, related to; — aro,
the relatives as a body ;
— eco, relationship ; —igi,
to make relatives ; — igi,
to become relatives.
parentez-o, parenthesis.
parfum-o, perfume; — i, to
imjĵregnate with per-
fume ; — isto, perfumer ;
— farado, perfume-mak-
ing ; — butiko, perfumer's
shop.
parget-o, floor, flooring.
park-o, park, pen for sheep,
etc.
parker-e, by heart, from
memory, by rote.
parlament-o, parliament ;
— ano, member of parlia-
ment ; — a, belonging,
relating to parliament.
parodi-o, parody.
paroĥ-o, parish ; — estro,
vicar ; — ana, parishioner.
paroksism-o, paroxysm.
107
PAROL-I
PAŜ-I
parol-e, to speak ;
word spoken ; — anto,
the one speaking ; — isto,
an orator ; — ado, speech,
discourse; el — % to pro-
nounce, to articulate ;
el — ado, pronoun ciation ;
inter — i, to converse ;
inter — o, conversation ;
inter — anto, interlocutor ;
kontraŭ — i, to object ;
antaŭ — o, preface ; — ejo,
parlour ; ventro — isto,
ventriloquist ; al — o,
message, address ; al
— adi, to parley ; pri — i,
— adi, to refer ; pro — adi,
to plead.
part-o, part, share; — opi'eni,
to participate, to take
part; — oprenanto, parti-
cipator, sharer ; — opreno,
participation ; — isto, co-
partner ; — umo, fraction
(mathem.).
parter-o, pit (theatre).
parti-o, party; — a, of
party, partial ; — ceo,
partiality ; seji — a, im-
partial ; sen — eco, im-
partiality ; — ano, a
partizan.
particip-o, jjarticiple.
partikul-o, particle (gram.).
part-itur-r), score (mus.).
pam-o, titmouse, tomtit.
pas-i, to pass (neuter) : la
te^npo — as, time passes ;
— anto, passer-by ; — igi,
to pass {ad.), to carry
over, to transmit ; tra — i,
to cross, to traverse;
trans — i, to pass beyond.
pasaĝer-o, passenger.
pasament-o, lace-work,
trimming; — i, to lace
(clothes, furniture) ;
— isto, lacemaker.
paser-o, sparrow.
Pasi-o, (the) Passion.
pasi-o, passion (not suffer-
ing) ; — a, of passion,
passionate ; — e, with
passion, passionately.
pasiv-a, passive.
Pask-o, Easter.
paskvil-o, libellous writing.
pasport-ĉ?, passport.
past-o, paste.
pastel-o, lozenge, pastille.
pastec-o, pie, tart; ■ — eto,
small tart or pie.
pastinak-o, parsnip.
pastoral-(9, pastoral play or
poem.
pastr-o, pastor, priest,
clergyman ; — aro, the
clergy ; — ara, clerical ;
— eco, sacerdotal cha-
racter.
paŜ-^, to step, to make
steps ; — 0, step ; — ado,
gait, way of stepping;
al — i, to approach, to
108
PAŜT-I
PEL-I
step near ; en — % to step
in ; trans — i, to go be-
yond bounds, to trans-
gress, to violate; — egi,
to stride ; — ego, stride ;
— post — 0, step by step.
paŝt-i, to feed (a flock) ;
sin — i, to feed, i.e. to
graze, to feed upon ;
— ejo, pasture-land ;
— isto, shepherd.
paŝtel-o, pastel crayon ;
— isto, crayon or pastel
draughtsman.
pat-o, frying-pan.
patent-o, patent ; — ulo,
patentee.
patologi-o, pathology.
patos-(?, pathos ; — a, pa-
thetic, passionate.
patr-o, father ; fonda — o,
founder of a family ;
— ino, mother ; ge — oj,
parents ; — a, paternal ;
— eco, fatherhood;
— ineco, motherhood ;
— ujo, fatherland ; — uja,
belonging to the father-
land ; sam — ujano, a
fellow-countryman; pra
— oj, ancestors, fore-
fathers.
patriark-o, patriarch.
patrici-o, patrician ; — a,
patrician (adj.).
patriot-o, patriot.
patriotism-o, patriotism.
patrol-o, patrol.
patron-o, patron,
pauz-o, pause ; — % to make
a pause.
pav-o, peacock ; — ino, pea-
hen.
pavian-o, baboon.
pavilon-o, pavilion.
pavim-o, pavement ; — i, to
pave ; — ero, a brick or
tile of the pavement.
pean-o, pean (shout of
victory).
pec-o, bit, morsel, piece;
unu — a, all in one piece ;
divers — a, made of vari-
ous pieces ; dis — igi, to
undo, to take or tear to
pieces.
peĉ-o, pitch.
pedagog-o, pedagogue.
pedagogi-o, pedagogy.
•pedal-o, pedal.
pedant-o, pedant ; — ino,
pedant (female).
pedel-o, beadle, apparitor.
pedik-o, louse.
peg-o, woodpecker.
pejzag-o, landscape.
pek-^, to sin ; — o, sin ;
— ido, sinner; — igi, to
lead to sin.
Pekin-ĉ?, Peking.
pekl-?', to pickle; — ita,
viando, salt meat.
pel-^, to turn away, to chase
from ; for — i, to frighten
109
PELERIN-0
PERCEPT-I
away ; el — i, to expel ;
el — 0, expulsion ; el~—ito,
an expelled one.
pelerin-o, tippet, pelerine,
cape.
pelikan-o, pelican.
pelt-o, pelisse ; — isto, fur-
rier; — farado, peltry.
pelv-o, basin.
pen-i, to try to, to endeav-
our to ; — 0, effort ;
— ado, long endeavour;
— a ; — ema, pains-
taking.
penc-o, penny.
pend-i, to hang (neuter) ;
— igi, to become pendant,
hanging ; — igi, to hang
somebody or something ;
— igo, the hanging ; mem
— igo, hanging of self;
— iginda, deserving
hanging ; de — i, to de-
pend ; de — eco, state of
dependence ; sende — eco,
independence ; — glacio,
icicle ; el — ajo, sign-
board.
pendol-o, pendulum.
penetr-ii*, to penetrate ;
— 0, penetration ; — ebla,
that may be penetrated ;
ne — ehleco, impenetrable-
ness ; — igi, to be pene-
trated.
penik-c, brush, hair-pencil.
pens-t, to think ; — o, a
1
thought, an idea ; — ado,
the faculty of thinking ;
ek — i, to take into one's
head ; pri — -i, to reflect,
to ponder, to consider ;
el — i, to invent; el — o,
invention.
pensi-o, pension ; — ulo,
pensioner.
pent-i, to repent; — o, re-
pentance; — fari, to do
penance.
pentametr-o, pentameter.
Pentekost-o, AVhitsuntide,
Pentecost.
pentr-2, to paint; — ado,
painting (art) ; — ajo,
picture ; —isto, painter.
peoni-o, peony.
pep-i, to chirp ; to pip, to
twitter, to pule ; — ado,
chirping, puling, twitter.
pepsin-o, pepsine.
pepton-o, peptone ; — a,
peptic.
■^per, by, per, by means of,
through; — a, indirect,
mediate ; — e, mediately,
indirectly ; sen — a, im-
mediate, direct; sen — e,
in a direct way ; — i, to
intervene, to interpose ;
— 0, aid, medium ; — ilo,
a medium, or means of.
percept-i, to perceive
{phil.) ; — 0, perception ;
— ebla, perceptible.
10
PERĈ-0
PES-I
perĉ-o, small kind of perch,
barse.
perd-i, to lose ; — igi, to be
lost, to disappear ; — o,
loss, deprivation.
perdrik-o, partridge.
pere-i, to perish ; — igi, to
cause to perish ; — o,
ruin, perishing; — ema,
perishable ; - — ifja, that
causes to perish.
perfekt-ft, perfect ; — eco,
perfection ; — igi, to
perfect ; — igi, to be-
come perfect ; — igo, im-
provement caused; — igo,
improvement under-
gone ; — ebla, perfect-
ible ; ne — a, imperfect ;
ne — eco, imperfection.
perfekt-o, perfect (gram.).
perfid-i, to betray ; — o,
betrayal ; — a, treacher-
ous ; — eco, treachery ;
— ajo, treacherous deed;
— ulo, traitor.
pergamen-o, parchment.
periferi-o, periphery.
perige-o, perigee.
perimetr-(?, perimeter.
period-o, period ; — a, peri-
odic ; — eco, periodicity.
peristil-6», peristyle.
peritone-o, peritoneum.
perk-o, perch (fish).
perl-o, pearl.
perlamot-o, mother of pearl.
1
permes-z, to allow, to per-
mit ; — 0, permission,
leave; mal — i, to forbid;
mat — 0, prohibition ; mal
— a, prohibitive ; — ebla,
allowable ; permissible ;
w<e — ebla, not permis-
sible ; /w — 0, leave to
go ; peti for — on, to take
leave.
peron-o, steps before a
house, perron.
perpendikular-ĉ7, perpendi-
cular.
persekut-i, to prosecute, to
persecute ; — o ; — ado,
suit or action at law,
also persecution.
persik-o, peach ; — ujo,
peach-tree.
persist-i, to persevere, to
persist ; — o, persever-
ance, persistance ; — a,
persevering, persisting ;
— eco, quality of per
severing.
person-o, person (indivi-
dual) ; — a, of a person ;
— igo, personification ;
— e, personally.
perspektiv-o, perspective.
Peru-o, Peru ; — a (adj.)
Peruvian ; — ano, a
Peruvian.
peruk-o, peruke, periwig.
pes-z, to weigh a thing ;
— 0, the whole of the
11
PESET-0
PIKED-0
things weighed ;
-ilo.
the scales, the weighing
machine,
peset-o, Spanish coin
(=if.).
pesimism-o, pessimism.
pesimist-o, pessimist.
pest-o, plague.
pet-i, to ask, to request;
— 0, asking, request ;
— egi, to beg instantly ;
— sh'ibo, petition ; p'o
— anto, intercessor ; mi
petas, I beg, (if you
please).
petard-o, petard.
petol-i, to be saucy, petu-
lant, to behave as a
ragamuffin ; — a, mis-
chievous, perverse, un-
ruly, waggish ; — eco,
mischievousness, unruli-
ness; — iilo, scape-grace.
petrol-o, petroleum.
petromiz-o, lamprey.
petrosel-o, parsley.
pez-e, to weigh, to have a
certain weight ; — o, the
weight of anything ;
— ilo, the weight (the
mass to weigh with) ;
— a, heavy ; multe — a,
of great weight ; egal — o,
equilibrium ; pli — i, to
be heavier ; pli — o, over-
weight ; — 0, South
American dollar.
1
pfenig-o, pfenning.
pi-a, pious, religious ; — eco,
piety ; — ulo, a pious
man ; mal — a, impious ;
mal — eco, impiety.
piastr-o, piastre (coin).
pice-o, fir-tree.
pied-o, foot ; — iri, to go
on foot; — iranto, foot-
passenger, pedestrian ;
— ira, pedestrian (adj.) ;
— ire, on foot; nud-—a,
barefooted ; — a signo,
footstep mark ;
— frapadi, to stamp
one's feet ; — frapado,
stamping of feet ; — vesto,
foot covering, shoe or
boot; — ingo, stirrup.
piedestal-o, pedestal.
pietism-o, pietism.
pietist-o, pietist.
pig-o, magpie.
pigme-o, pigmy.
pigment-o, pigment.
pik-i, to prick, to sting;
— 0, spades (at cards);
— a, pricking, piquant;
— ema, inclined to be
piquant ; — ilo, sting (of
insects, bees, etc.);
stimulus (fig.) : tra — i, to
pierce through ; tra — a,
which pierces through ;
fosilo, pick-axe.
piked-f, picket ; piquet
(game).
12
PlLASTR-0
PLATA
pilastr-0, pilaster.
pilgrim-z, to go on a pil-
grimage ; — ; — anto, a
pilgrim.
pilk-o, ball (for playing) ;
— raketo, battledore.
pilol-o, pill.
pilot-o, pilot.
pin-o, pine (wood).
pinĉ-z, to pinch ; — o, pinch-
ing.
pingl-o, pin ; — o pa?' haroj,
har — 0, hairpin.
pini-o, fir.
pint-o, pinnacle; summit;
top (of a tree); — a,
pointed ; — igi, to make
pointed, to bring to a
pointed end.
pioĉ-o, pick-axe.
pionir-o, pioneer.
pip-(?, pipe; — a tuho, pipe
stem.
pipr-ĉ?, pepper; — z, to
pepper ; — vjo^ pepper-
cruet, or box.
pips-(9, pip (bird's disease).
pir-o, pear; — ujo, — arho,
pear-tree.
piramid-o pyramid.
pirat-(?, pirate.
Pirene-o/', Pyrenees.
pirit-o, pyrites (gravel).-
pirol-o, bullfinch.
piroteknik-o, pyrotechnics ;
— isto^ pyrotechnist.
piroz-o, pyrosis (med.).
H 1
pist-t, to pound, to crush ;
— ilo, pestle.
pistak-o, pistachio, pis-
tachio-nut.
pistel-o, pistil (flower).
pistol-o, pistol,
piŝt-o, piston (mech.) ;
sucker of a pump, etc.
piton-o, a python,
piz-o, pea.
pizang-o, plantain (pizang).
plac-o, public open space,
public square, etc.
plac-z, to please ; — a,
pleasing, pleasant.
plad-o, dish ; also course at
dinner; — eto, saucer,
plafon-o, ceiling,
plagiat-o, plagiarism ; — isto,
plagiarist,
plan-o, plan, scheme, draft.
pland-o, sole of the foot ;
sole ; at — o, inner sole of
a shoe or boot,
planed-o, planet,
planimetr-o, planimeter.
planimetri-o, planimetry.
plank-(9, floor, flooring ;
— frotisto, floor-rubber,
plant-i, to plant ; — o,
—ado, planting ; — ejo,
plantation (place),
plantag-o, plantain,
plastik-o, plastic art; — a,
plastic.
plastr-^, plaster.
plat-«, flat, plane {adj.) ;
13
PLATAN-0
TLI
a plane {geom.) ;
— ajo, flat surface ; — eco,
flatness ; platitude ; — e,
flatly {adv.) ; sur la — a
flanko, on the flat side ;
— igi, to flatten, to make
flat ; — igi, to become
flat; — igo, the making
flat ; igo, flattening
undergone ; lada — o, tin
plate or plaque.
platan-o, plane tree.
plate-o, spoonbill (bird).
platen-o, platinum.
plaŭd-i, to splash water
with the hand, or any
liquid.
plebej-o, plebeian (noun) ;
— a, plebeian (adj.).
pled-c, plea ; — i, to plead ;
— ado, counsel's address,
speech.
*plej, most, the most ; la
plej hela el ciuj, the finest
of all ; vi agis plej sage,
farante Hon, you acted
most wisely by doing
this (or that) ; mal — ,
least, the least ; — e,
most, most often (adv.) ;
si pleje donis, she gave
most ; pleje mi forgesas
Ir, most frequently I
forget that . . . ; mal — e,
least (adv.); li mal — e
donis, he gave least;
mal — e vi vidos he . . .,
1
very seldom you will see
that . . .
plekt-i, to weave, to plait,
to interweave, etc. ; kun
— i, to weave together;
inter — i, to intertwine,
to interweave, etc. ;
— harilo, hurdle fence ;
— ajo, the things inter-
weaved.
plen-«, full, complete ;
— eco, plenitude ; — ega.
overfull ;
-tgi,
to fill
up, to complete ; — igi,
to get completed, to get
full ; — umi, to fulfil, to
accomplish ; — umiĝi, to
get accomplished, ful-
filled ; — aga, of age ;
— ago, full age ; tide
— e, fully ; — ege, super-
abundantly.
plend-^', to complain; — o,
complaint.
pleonasm-o, pleonasm.
plet-o, tray, waiter, etc.
pleuresi-o, pleuresy.
pleŭronekt-o, dab, flat-fish,
plaice.
plezur-o, pleasure ; — e, or
kun — 0, with pleasure.
■^pli, more ; — kaj — , more
and more ; — aŭ mal — ,
more or less ; muUe — ,
much more ; — e, more-
over, more and more ;
7nal — e, less and less ;
U
PLIK-0
POLlGAMI-0
— aliigij to elevate, to
make higher ; — beligi,
to embellish; — grandigi,
to enlarge ; — multo, the
greatest part ; — fore,
further on.
plik-o, plica (med.).
plomb-o, sealing-lead ; — i,
to seal with lead.
plor-i, to shed tears; — eti,
to whimper; — egi, to
sob.
plot-o, roach (fish).
■^plu, further, farther, more,
beyond ; ini ne faros unu
pason phi, I shall not go
one step farther; — a,
which follows subse-
quently ; — e, subse-
quently ; ne . . . plu, no
longer.
plug-?, to plough ; — ilo, a
plough.
plum-o, feather, also pen ;
— a, of a feather,
feathery ; —ingo, pen-
holder ; sen — igi, to
pluck the feathers^ sen
— iiji, to moult, lose one's
feathers ; — ajo, pinion ;
— pilJco, shuttlecock.
plumb-o, lead ; — i, to lead,
to cover with lead.
pluskvamperfekt-o, pluper-
fect (gram.).
pluŝ-o, plush.
plutokrati-o, plutocracy.
pluv-o, rain ; — i, to rain ;
— ego, downpour, heavy
shower ; — sirmilo, um-
brella.
pluvi-o, plover (bird).
pneŭmatik-o, pneumatics,
pneumatology.
*po, at the rate of, in the
proportion of : Mi pagis
ciun el Hi po 2 silingoj, I
paid each of them at
the rate of 2 shillings.
Se mi skribos po 3 pagoj
ciutage. If I write at the
rate of 3 pages daily ;
poduone, by half ;
— grande, wholesale ;
— detale, wholesale.
podagr-o, gout (disease).
podi-(?, podium (arch.).
poem-o, poem.
poent-o, point (at cards) ;
mark.
poet-o, poet.
poetik-o, poetics.
poezi-o, poetry.
pokal-o, cup, goblet.
Pol-«, Polish ; — 6>, a Pole ;
— iijo, Poland.
polemik-(>, polemics ; — i,
to wage a polemic.
polic-c^, police ; — isfo, officer
of police ; — estro, chief
of police ; — ano, police-
man.
polifon-ff, polyphonic.
poligami-o, polygamy.
15
POLIGLOT-0
PORT-I
poliglot-0, polyglot, lin-
guist.
poligon-o, buckwheat.
poliklinik-o, polyclinics.
polip-o, polypus.
polis-o, insurance policy.
politeism-o, polytheism.
politeknik-o, a polyteclinic,
polytechnics ; — a lernejo,
polytechnic school.
politik-o, politics ; — a,
politic; — isto, politician.
polk-o, polka.
poluci-o, pollution.
polur-o, polish ; — i, to
polish.
polus-o, pole (north or
south).
polv-o, dust; — era, atom
of dust.
pom-o, apple ; — ujo, —arbo,
apple-tree ; ter — o, po-
tato.
pomad-o, pomatum.
pomolog-o, pomology.
pomp-o, splendour, pomp ;
— a, pompous, magni-
ficent.
ponard-o, poniard, dagger;
— ego, pike, spear.
pont-o, bridge ; — eto, foot-
bridge.
pontifik-o, pontiff, ponti-
f ex ; — a, pontifical.
ponton-o, pontoon.
pop-o, pope (in the Greek
church).
1
popl-(7, poplar.
poplit-o, ham, hock, hough,
knee-joint.
popol-o, people ; — amaso,
populace, mob ; — amas-
ulo, a plebeian, a com-
moner.
popular-ft, popular, known
of all classes.
■^por, in order to, for the
benefit of, for (such and
such purpose).
por-o, pore ; — a, porous ;
— eco, porosity.
porcelan-o, porcelain,
china.
porci-o, portion, share.
pord-(9, door; — ego, gate,
very large door, coach-
house door ; — isto, door,
or gate-keeper; — hoko,
door-hinge.
pore-o, leek.
porfir-o, porphyry.
pork-o, hog, pig ; — ino,
sow; — o-viro, male hog
or boar ; — ido, sucking
pig-
port-^, to carry, to bear;
— 0, — ado, carriage, car-
rying (the act) ; al — i,
to bring, to convey (car-
rying) ; al — 0, bringing
(act) ; /w — i, to carry
away ; dis — i, to carry
here and there ; dis — igi,
to spread oneself here
16
PORTA L-0
POZITIVISM-0
and there ; el — i, to
bear, to endure; el — ebla,
endurable ; flug — i, to
waft; neel — ehla,unenduT-
able ; trans — i, to trans-
port (carry) ; trans — o,
transit ; re — i, to carry
a thing to the place
where it was before ;
— ajo, burden, weight
carried ; — ilo, stretcher;
— anto, one who carries ;
— isto, a bearer by trade ;
en — i, to im[)ort.
portal-o, portal.
portepe-o, swordbelt.
porter-o, porter (beer).
portik-o, portico.
portret-o, portrait.
Portugal-ft (adj.), Portu-
guese; — 0, a Portuguese;
— ujo, Portugal.
posed-i, to possess ; — o,
possession ; — a, posses-
sive ; — a pronomo, pos-
sessive pronoun ; — anto,
possessor.
posesiv-(?,possessive(^raw.).
■'^post, after, by (prep.);
— a, subsequent ; — e,
afterwards ; — o, the
back, the posterior part ;
— ajo, rear (of buildings,
etc.); — eulo, a, descend-
ant, a successor; — eularo,
posterity.
posten-o, military station,
guard-house ; antaŭ~o,
outpost.
postul-i, to require ; — o,
requirement ; — ella,
exigible; — ebleco, exig-
ibleness, exigibility.
poŝ-o, pocket ; — horlogo,
watch.
poŝt-o, post (letters, etc.) ;
—e,hy post ; — a, postal;
— a kesto, letter-box ;
— a marko, — marJco,
postage stamp ; — a
oficejo, post-office ; — a
mandafo, money-order;
— a Jcarto, post-card ;
— a stampo, postmark ;
— a qficisto, post-official ;
— isto, postman ; — estro,
post-master ; — pdketo,
parcel post.
pot-o, pot; — isto, potter;
— farejo, pottery (place);
— farado, pottery (the
art) ; — a peco, potsherd.
potas-o, potash.
potenc-«, powerful ; — o,
power, potency; — i, to
dominate ; — ulo, a
powerful man.
pov-^. to be able (can) ;
—0, mighty cio — a, al-
mighty ; — iga, poten-
tial.
poz-i, to poze ; — o, posture.
pozitiv-a, positive.
pozitivism-o, positivism.
117
POZITIVlST-0
PRKN-I
pozitivist-0, positivist.
pra-, rear ; — ne'po, great
grandson ; — avo, great
grandfather ; — nevo,
grandnephew ; — patroj,
ancestors.
pragmatik-tt, pragmatic.
praktik-6), practice ; —a,
practical ; — e, practi-
cally ; — ^, to practice.
pram-o, ferry-boat.
prav-f^, right (adj.) ; viestas
prava, you are right;
— eco, the quality of
being in the right ; — igi^
to prove one right, to
justify; — ado, justifica-
tion.
prebend-o, prebend.
precip-e, chiefly ; — a, prin-
cipal.
preciz-a, precise ; — ecu,
precision ; — igi, to state
precisely ; — igi, to be-
comeclear; — e, precisely.
predik-i, to preach ; — o ;
— ado, preaching; — anto,
an occasional preacher;
— isto, a preacher (pro-
fessional).
prefekt-o, prefect; siib — o,
subprefect.
prefer-f, to prefer; — o,
preference; — inda, pre-
ferable ; — indeco, prefer-
ableness ; — e, preferab-
ly, rather.
1
prefiks-o, prefix.
preĝ-i, to pray ; ^o, a
prayer ; sonigi al — o, to
ring for prayer; — ejo,
church or chapel (build-
ing) ; — ejeto, small chap-
el, oratory.
prelat-o, prelate.
prelud-ĉ), prelude.
prem-i, to press, to squeeze ;
— 0, pressure ; — egi, to
crush by pressure ; dis-
— i, to crush with dis-
ruption of parts; al — i,
to press against ; sul) — i,
to oppress, crush under ;
kun — ^, to compress ;
Imn — ebla, compressible ;
kun — ebleco, compressi-
bility; — a, tight.
premi-o, premium, prize,
reward.
premis-o, premiss.
pren-^, to take ; — o, taking
(act) ; — i sur sin, to un-
dertake, to take charge ;
de — i, to take from ; for
— i, to take off; kun — i,
to carry away ; — eto, a
pinch ; — ilo, pincers,
— ileto, small pincers ;
fajro — ilo, tongs ; — i in-
decan mienon, to assume
an air of dignity ; al — i,
to adopt ; ek — i, to take
hold of ; el — i, to snatch,
take out.
,8
PREPAR-I
TRO
prepar-?', to prepare ; — o\
— ado, preparation ; — i
siUj to get ready ; — a,
of preparation ; — anfŭj
preparatory ; sen — a, im-
provised.
pvepost-o, provost ; — ejo,
provost's office {huildfj.).
prepozici-o, preposition.
prepucic, prepuce.
prerogativ-o, prerogative.
pres-i, to print ; — o, — ado^
printing; — a, of print-
ing ; — isto, printer ;
— ejo, printing-office.
presbiter-o, presbyter ;
— aro, presbytery.
presbiterian-o, presbyter-
ian.
presbiterianism-o, presby-
terianism.
*preskaŭ, almost.
pret-a, ready ; — igi, to
make ready ; — igi, to
get ready ; — eco, readi-
ness.
pretekst-o, pretext ; — i, to
pretend, to sham, to
affect.
pretend-z, to pretend ; — o,
pretension.
*preter, (beyond) ; — iri,
to go beyond ; — pasi, to
pass {or go) further ; —
/asi, to let pass, to allow
to escape, to miss catch-
ing up.
1
preterit-^, preterite (gram.).
prez-o, price; — aro, price
lists;/^5a — o, fixed price;
modera — o, moderate
price.
prezent-^', to present, to
offer, to represent; — o,
— ado, presentation, re-
presentation, (theatr.).
prezid-?', to preside ; — o,
presidence ; — anto, pre-
sident.
*pri, concerning, respect-
ing, as to, about, of ;
paroli pi libroj, to speak
of books (about).
prim-o, soprano, first part
{mus.).
primadonin-o, prima don-
na.
primol-ĉ>, primrose.
primitiv-a, primitive.
princ-o, prince (sovereign) ;
— ino, princess ; — idOy
young prince; — lando^
principality ; — idino,
young princess.
princip-o, principle.
printemp-o, spring (season);
— a, of spring.
prior-o, prior.
prism-6», prism ; — oforma,
prismatic ; tra — igi, to
polarize (light).
privat-a, private.
privilegi-o, privilege.
■^pro, because of, on account
19
PROBLEM-0
PROKSIMA
of, ill place of, on behalf
of, for.
problem-o, problem.
proced-i, to proceed ; — o,
process, proceeding.
procedur-o, procedure.
procent-o, interest (percent-
age); —ego, usury; —
egisto, usurer.
proces-o, lawsuit; — % to
bring an action against,
to be a party in a law-
suit; — a, of a lawsuit;
— ema, fond of law-
suits.
procesi-o, procession.
produkt-i, to produce ; — o,
— ado, production ; — ajo,
produce, product; re — i,
to reproduce.
profan-i, to profane ; — o,
— ado, profanation.
profesi-o, profession, occu-
pation ; — a (adj.), pro-
fessional; — isto, a pro-
fessional (noun).
profesor-o, professor; — a,
professorial ; — eco, pro-
fessorship.
profet-o, prophet ; — ^, to
prophesy.
profil-o, profile ; duon — o,
three-quarter faced por-
trait.
profilaktik-a, prophylactic
profit-i, to profit, to benefit;
— 0, profit; — ema, fond
of gain; ne — ema, disin-
terested ; pro la — o de,
for the benefit of; mal
— 0, loss, detriment.
profund-a, deep ; — o,
depth ; — eco, profund-
ity ; — igi, to search in-
to; — egaĵo,cha,sm,8,hyss.
prognoz-o, prognosis ; — i,
to make a prognosis
(med.).
program-o, programme.
progres-i, to progress ; — o,
a progress ; — ado, pro-
gress (in general) ; — ema,
a friend of progress.
projekci-o, projection; — i,
to project (geom.).
projekt-^, to project; — o,
project.
proklam-i, to proclaim ;
— 0, proclamation.
prokrast-i, to delay ; — o,
procrastination ; — ebla,
which may be deferred ;
ne — ebla, not to be de-
layed.
proksim-a, near(ac?;.); — eco,
proximity ; — e de, near ;
— e, ncsiV (adv.) ; mal — e,
far off; — igi, to bring
near ; mal— igi, to dis-
tance ; al — igi, to ap-
proach; — ulo, our neigh-
bour ; — uma, approxi-
mate ; — ume, approxi-
mately.
120
PROKUR-E
PROVINCIALISM-0
prokur-ĉ, procuration ; —
isto, procurator, attor-
ney.
prokuror-o, procurator,
proctor.
proletari-o, proletarian ;
— a, proletarian (adj.).
prolog-o, prologue.
promen-i, to promenade, to
walk ; — igi, to take out
for a walk ; — o, —ado,
walking exercise ; — ejo,
place for promenading;
— anto, promenader.
promes-i, to promise; — o,
promise.
promoci-o, promotion ; —i,
to promote.
promontor-o, promontory,
cape, headland.
pronom-o, pronoun ; — a,
pronominal.
propagand-{?, propaganda.
propon-i, to propose, to
offer; — o, proposal, offer.
proporci-o, proportion ; — a,
proportional.
propozici-o, proposition
(gram.), sentence, state-
ment.
propr-6j, own (one's own)
(adj.) ; mal — a, belong-
ing to others; — eco,
propriety ; — ajo, what
IS possessed ; — igi al si,
to appropriate to oneself.
proskripci-o, proscription.
prospekt-o, prospectus.
prosper-^, to succeed to, to
have success ; prosperis
al mi trovi, it was my
fortune to find; I suc-
ceeded in finding ; — o,
success ; mal — o, failure.
prostit-i, to prostitute ;
— ado, prostitution ; sin
— i, to be a prostitute.
protagonist-o, protagonist.
protekt-i, to protect; — a,
protection ; — anto, pro-
tector ; — ato, protĉge.
protest-i, to protest; — o,
protest; — anto, protest-
ant.
protestant-o, a protestant;
— a, protestant (adj.).
protestantism-o, protest-
antism.
protokol-o, report, authen-
tic minute in writing
made immediately on
the spot.
protoplasm-(9, protoplasm.
prototip-o, prototype.
protuberanc-o, protuber-
ance (anat.).
prov-i, to try, to attempt
to ; — 0, trial, endeavour,
proof.
proverb-o, proverb ; — a,
proverbial.
provinc-o, province.
provincialism-o, provincial-
ism.
121
PROVIZ-I
PUN-I
proviz-?', to provide ; — o,
provision ; — oj, provi-
sions ; — ejo, room where
provisions are kept.
provizor-o^, provisional.
provos-o, provost.
proz-o, prose; — a, prosaic.
prozelit-o, proselyte.
prozelitism-6>, proselytism.
prozodi-c, prosody.
prudent-^, reasonable ; — o,
reason ; — eco, the qual-
ity of a reasonable man ;
sen — a, deprived of rea-
son ; mal — a, foolish (not
mad) j — igi, to render
reasonable ; — igi, to be-
come reasonable.
prujn-o, white frost.
prun-6>, plum ; — ujo, — arho,
plum-tree.
prunel-o, sloe ; — ujo, sloe-
tree.
prunt-ĉ, on loan (adv.) ; — i,
to lend ; — o, loan ;
— anto, an occasional
lender ; — isto, a money-
lender; — e preni, to
borrow,
Prus-a {adj.), Prussian; — o,
a Prussian ; — ujo, — lando,
Prussia.
prusblu-6i {adj.), Prussian
blue; — {noun), Prus-
sian blue.
pruv-i, to prove; — o,
proof.
1
psalm-o, psalm ; — aro,
psalter ; — isfo, psalmist.
pseŭdonim-o, pseudonym.
psik-a, psychical, psychic.
psikiatri-o, psychiatry
{med.).
psikolog-(?, psychologist.
psikologi-o, psychology.
publicist-(7j publicist.
publik-6), public (the) ; — a,
public {adj.) ; — igi, to
publish.
pudel-o, spaniel.
puding-o, pudding.
pudr-o, hair-powder, etc. ;
riz — 0, rice-powder; — i;
to powder.
puf-o, puff; — igi, to pufl'
out (trans.) ; — igi, to puff
out {neut).
pugn-o, fist.
pul-o, flea.
pulĉinel-o, punch, punchi-
nello.
pulin-(?, lung ; — a, pulmon-
ary.
puls-o, pulse ; — bafo, pul-
sation.
pulv-o, gunpowder.
pulvor-o, dust; — igi, to
reduce to dust, to pul-
verise.
pumik-o, pumice-stone.
puInp-^, to pump; — ilo, a
pump.
pun-z, to punish, to chast-
ise ; — 0, punishment,
22
PUNC-0
RABAT-I
chastisement ; mona — o,
a tine.
punc-oi, crimson-red (noun);
— a, crimson-red (adj.).
punĉ-o, punch.
punkt-o, point, full stop ;
du — 0, colon ; — o de-
manda, note of interro-
gation ; — ekkria, note
of exclamation ; — o komo,
semicolon.
punt-o, lace; point lace.
pup-o, doll.
pupil-o, pupil (the apple of
the eye).
pupitr-o, desk, writing-
desk.
■pvLY-a, clean, pure ; — eco,
cleanliness, purity; —igi,
to clean, to purify ; — igi
to become clean, to get
purified ; mal — a, un-
clean, dirty ; mal — eco,
uncleanness, dirtiness ;
mal — ajo, foul thing,
dirty act; mal — igi, to
soil, to dirty ; mal — igi,
to dirty oneself, to get
soiled ; el — ajo, excre
ment.
Purgatori-o, Purgatory.
puriten-o, puritan (noun).
— a, puritan (adj.).
puritanism-o, puritan-
ism.
purpur-o, purple (noun) ;
— a, purple (adj.).
pus-o, pus (corrupt matter).
pustul-o, pustule.
puŝ-z, to push ; — 0, a push ;
re — i, to repulse, to push
back ; tra — i, to push
through, to force through;
inter — o, a melee, con-
fused scuffle.
put-ĉ>, a well.
putor-o, polecat.
putr-i, to rot to be in a
state of putrefaction ;
— 0, — ado, state of putre-
faction ; — ajo, rotten
things, anything in pu-
trefaction ; — igi, to get
putrid.
B
rabarb-o, rhubarb.
rab-i, to pillage, to seize
and carry by force ; to
rob, to plunder ; — ado,
pillage, brigandage ;
— isto, robber, brigand ;
for — 0, rape,
rabat-i, to abate, to deduct
to take off; — o, discount,
deduction.
123
RABEN-0
RAPID-A
raben-o, rabbi.
rabio, rabies, rabid-
ness; — a, mad, rav-
rabot-i, to plain ; — ilo, a
plane ; — aĵo, shavings
(of wood).
raci-o, sense, rationality
(only applied to words or
deeds); — a, rational.
racionalism-o, rationalism.
rad-o, wheel; — spinilo,
spinning-wheel; — kavo,
wheel-rut.
radi-o, ray (of light), spoke
of wheel, radius of cir-
cumference; — i, to radi-
ate, to shine.
radik-o, root ; — a, radical ;
en — i, to root, to incul-
cate deeply ; — vmio, — o,
root-word ; — parto, the
root.
radikal-a, radical (adj.) ;
politics.
radikalism-o, radicalism.
radium-o, radium.
rafan-o, horse-radish; — eto,
radish.
rafin-i, to refine ; — ejo,
sugar refinery ; — isto,
refiner.
raj-o, ray, skate (fish).
rajd-i, to ride; — anto, a
rider occasionally; — isto,
horseman.
rajt-o, right to something;
rightly, properly;
— igi, to give right to
some one ; — igo, power
to act for another, power
of attorne}^
raket-o, fusee, rocket.
rakont-^, to relate, to tell;
— 0, narrative ; mir — o,
fairy tale.
ral-o, crake, rail (bird).
ramp-e, to creep, to climb ;
sur — i, to creep upon, to
climb upon ; — ajo, rep-
tile ; for — i, to creep or
climb hastily away.
ran-o, frog.
ranc-a, rancid.
rand-o, edge, border; — ajo,
all the part on the edge
or border.
rang-o, rank, grade, dignity;
grand — a, alt — a, of
high rank or grade ;
grand — ulo, alt — ulo, dig-
nitary, man of high
rank.
ranunkol-f?, ranunculus.
rap-o, long-radish.
rapid-a, rapid, quick,
prompt; — ^, to hasten
(neut.); — igi, to hasten
(trans.)', — eco, rapidity,
quickness, promptitude ;
— aga, expeditive ; — ega,
one that goes full speed;
mal — a, slow ; mal—eco,
slowness ; tro — a, hur-
124
RAPIR-0
REFERAT-0
ried ; tro — eco, too great
a hurry ; — ire, at
full speed, by express;
mal — ire, per slow train.
rapir-o, foil {fencing).
raport-i, to report; — o, a
report; — anto, reporter.
rapsod-o, rhapsodist
rapsodi-Oj rhapsody.
ras-o, race.
rasp-z, to rasp, to grate ;
— ilo, grater.
rast-i, to rake ; — ilo, a
rake.
rastral-<?, music-pen (for
lines).
rat-o, rat.
raŭk-«, hoarse; — eco,
hoarseness ; — igi, to
make hoarse, to cause
hoarseness ; — igi, to get
hoarse ; — igo, hoarse-
ness suffered.
raup-o, caterpillar; si//ja — o,
silkworm.
rav-i, to enrapture, to
exalt; — a, enchanting,
ravishing.
raz-i, to shave; — ilo, razor.
re-, again, anew, back : re-
donu al mi la lihron Jciun
mi pruntis al vi, return
me the book which I
lent you ; refaru vian
ekzercon, do your exer-
cise over again ; — paroli,
to reply ; — diri, to re-
1
ply ; — doni, to give
back; — jeti, to reject, to
throw back ; — salti, to
rebound ; — juniĝi, to
grow young again; ree,
anew (adv.).
reakci-o, reaction ; — ulo,
reactionary.
real-a, real ; — eco, reality.
real-o, Spanish coin,
real.
realism-o, realism.
realist-o, realist.
rebus-o, rebus.
recenz-i, to revise ; — o.
recension ; revision ;
— anto, reviser.
recept-o, doctor's prescrip-
tion, receipt, recipe.
reciprok-a, reciprocal, mu
tual ; — eco, reciprocity ;
— e, reciprocally.
recitativ-o, recitative.
redakci-o, editorship, edi-
torial department.
redakt-i, to edit ; — o,
— ado, editor's duties ;
— anto, editor.
redaktor-o, sub-editor; cef
— 0, chief editor.
redingot-o, frock-coat.
redukci-o, reduction ; — i,
to reduce.
redut-o, redoubt (fortif.).
lef-o, reef (of sail).
referat-o, report on refer-
ence.
25
REFERENOO
REKT-A
referenc-0, reference.
referendari-o, referee.
refleksiv-a, {adj.), reflexive.
reflekt-i, to reflect; — o,
reflection ; — a, reflex,
reflexive.
reformaci-o, reformation.
refut-f, to refute.
re.g-^, to govern, to rule, to
reign; super — % to pre-
dominate ; — anto, re-
gent ; — ato, subject ;
— istaro, the ministry,
or political government
of the state ; — ado,
governing, rule (ac-
tion).
regal-^, to treat, to feast
(some one); — o, a treat
(eating and drinking) ;
— a, pertaining to a
feast.
regatt-o, regatta.
regeneraci-o, regeneration.
regi-o, state monopoh\
regiment-o, regiment.
region-o, region, country.
registr-z, to register; — o,
register, list ; — olihro,
book in which registra-
tion is entered ; —ado,
registration of title.
reglement-o, regulation.
regno, State; — estro, head
of the State ; — a, of the
State; — ano, a citizen
of a republican State, a
subject of a monarchical
State.
regol-o, wren.
regres-o, regress, regres-
sion.
regul-o, rule (to be followed
in conduct, study, etc.);
— aro, body of rules ;
— a, regular, conform to
rule ; — igi, to regulate ;
— eco, regularity.
reg-o, king; — ido, crown
prince; regno — a, king-
dom ; — i, to be king, to
reign ; — eco, kingship ;
demeti la — econ, to abdi-
cate ; la Tri — oj, Twelfth
night.
region-o, system of govern-
ment, regimen.
regisor-o, stage-manager.
Rejn-o, Rhine.
rejs-o, reis (coin).
reklam-o, advertising.
rekommend-^, to commend
(persons or things) ; — o,
recommendation .
rekompenc-i, to reward ;
— 0, reward.
rekord-o, record.
rekrement-o, dross, spume
(brewers' grain).
rekrut-o, recruit ; — igOj
recruiting ; Jcolektado de
— oj, conscription.
rekt-a, straight, direct, un-
deviating ; — ĉ, straight-
126
RKKTOR-0
RESPOND!
forwardly, directly ;
— eco, rectitude, up-
rightness ; — ig% to
straighten; mal — a, de-
viating, not straight ;
mal — igi, to deviate ;
mal — igo, deviation (act);
mal — ecOj state of devia-
tion ; — a komplemento,
direct object (gram.).
rektor-o, rector ; — eco,
rectorate; — ejo, rectory.
rekviem-o, requiem.
rekvizici-o, requisition
(milit.).
rekvizit-o, requisite.
lel-o, rail.
relativ-a, relative (gram.).
relief-o, relief, relievo ;
— igi, to emboss, to
work in relief.
religi-o, religion ; — a, re-
ligious ; — ulo, religious
man.
rem-i, to row ; — ilo, oar.
rembvLT-i, to stuff (chairs,
etc.); — 0, — ado, act of
stuffing, padding ; — ajo,
result of the padding.
remiz-c, coach-house, lock-
up, garage.
remont-^, to supply cavalry
horses ; — o, remount,
supply to cavalry.
rempar-o, bulwark.
remter-o, refectory (mon-
astery, etc.).
ren-o, kidney; — a, renal.
rendevu-o, rendezvous.
renegat-o, — a, renegade.
renesanc-o, renaissance.
renkont-^, to meet; — o,
meeting ; iri al la — o de,
to go to meet ; — igi, to
meet together.
renovig-o, renovation.
rent-o, income ; — ulo, one
who lives on his in-
come, independent man;
— lima, interest of
money ; dumviva — o,
— umo, life annuity.
renvers-i, to upset; — igi,
to get upset; el — i, to
tumble.
repertuar-o, repertory,
stock of . . ., list of . . .
reprezent-i, to represent.
reputaci-o, reputation.
reskript-o, rescript.
respekt-i, to respect ; — a,-
respect ; — a, respectful ;
— inda, respectable;
— indeco, respectability ;
— egi, to venerate ; — ego,
veneration, reverence.
respektiv-e, respectively ;
— a, respective.
respond-?', to respond, to
answer ; — i pri, to be
responsible for ; — o,
response, answer ; — a,
answering to, for, etc. ;
la vorto — aal . . . estas ....
127
RESPUBLIK-0
RIĈ-A
the word answering to ...
is ... ; vi estas — a pri tio
ci, you are answerable
for this ; — eco, response,
responsibility, la tuta
— eco ; nenia — eco.
respublik-o, republic; — a,
republican.
rest-^, to remain ; — o,
remainder; — ajo, what
remains ; la — ajo de mia
kuko, the remainder of
my cake ; — ado, the act
of remaining, staying,
stagnation.
rest oraci-ĉ), restaurant;
— estro, restaurant-
keeper.
resum-i, to sum up; — o,
summary.
ret-o, net, netting.
retin-o, retina.
retor-o, rhetor.
retorik-o, rhetoric.
retort-(?, retort (chem.).
retroaktiv-a, retroactive.
retrospektiv-a, retrospec-
tive.
reŭmatism-o, rheumatism ;
— ulo, one suffering from
rheumatism.
rev-i, to dream (awake),
to fancy ; el — igi, dis
— igi, to get disen-
chanted, to lose one's
illusions; — eti, to
ponder.
1
reveng-o, revenge.
revizi-o, revision; — i, to
revise ; — isto, reviser.
revoluci-o, revolution;
— ulo, revolutionary
(noun).
revolver-o, revolver.
revu-o, review (journal).
rezed-o, mignonette.
reze^v-^, to reserve; — o,
act of keeping in re-
serve ; — ajo, what is
kept in reserve.
vezign-i, to resign; — o,
resignation.
rezignaci-o, resignation.
rezin-o, rezin.
rezoluci-o, resolution.
rezon-i, to reason ; — ado,
reasoning.
rezult-i, to have for result ;
— ato, result.
vib-o, currant; — ujo, cur-
rant bush ; blankaj — oj,
white currants.
libel-?', to rebel; — o, re-
bellion ; — igi, to incite
to rebellion ; — anto,
rebel.
ricev-i, to receive, to ob-
tain ; to get, to derive ;
— 0, reception, obtain-
ment.
ricin-o, castor-oil plant.
riĉ-a, rich; —-eco, wealth
— igi, to grow rich
— igo, the getting rich
28
RID-I
RISK-T
— igi, to eiii'ich ; — igo,
the act of enriching ;
mal — a, poor ; mal — igi,
to impoverish ; mal — igi,
to get poor ; — ulo, a
rich man ; mal — ulo, a
poor man ; mal — ulejo,
shelter for the poor, re-
fuge ; mal — eco, poverty.
rid-z, to laugh ; — o, laugh-
ter ; — eti, to smile ;
— eto, smile ; — egi, to
guflaw ; — inda, laugh-
able ; — indfi. risibly ;
— indajo, ridiculous
thing ; — indeco, risi-
bility.
rif-6>, reef, breaker.
hfugi, to take refuge ; — o,
refuge ; — ej-o, asylum,
shelter.
rifuz-?', to refuse; — o, re-
fusal.
rigard-i, to look ; — o, look ;
ek — i, to cast a look ;
tra — i, to look right
through ; — adi, to con-
template; eJc — 0, a glance.
rigid-a, stiff, rigid ; — eco,
stiffness, rigidity.
rigl-i, to bolt : — ilo, bolt.
rigor-tt, rigorous ; — eco,
rigour.
rikan-i, to grin, to sneer ;
— 0, — ado, a grin, a
sneer.
rikolt-2, to gather, to reap ;
I 1
, harvest; il — o,
sickle ; hon — a jaro, a
fertile year.
rilat-i, to relate, to be re-
lated to ; — 0, relation ;
inter — o, to have mutual
relation ; — e al, in re-
gard to ; concerning ; in
respect of.
rim-o, rhyme ; — i, to
rhyme.
rimark-i, to remark; — o,
remark ; — inda, remark-
able.
rimed-o, means, way out of.
rimen-o, strap, thong.
rimes-2, to remit (funds) ;
— 0, remittance.
ring-o, ring ; — ego, hoop.
rinocer-o, rhinoceros.
rip-o, rib.
ripar-?', to repair, to mend
(trans.) ; — o, — ajo,
amend, reparation, mend-
ing.
ripet-t, to repeat ; — o,
— ado, repetition.
ripoz-i, to repose, to rest ;
— 0, — ado, rest, repose ;
— igi, to cause to rest.
riproc-z, to reproach; — o,
reproach ; — inda, de-
serving reproach ; ne
— inda, irreproachable.
risk-i, to risk ; — o, risk ;
sen — a, without risk
(adj.), sure, safe.
29
RISM-0
RUIN-OJ
rism-0, a ream (of paper).
risort-o, spring (mach.).
rit-o, rite, ritual; — libra,
a ritual,
ritm-o, rhythm,
river-o, river, stream ;
— eto, brook, rivulet ;
— egOy huge river,
riverenc-o, reverence ; — ^,
to make an obeisance.
riz-o, rice.
rob-o, robe, gown.
rod-o, roadstead (sea).
rodium 6), rhodium,
rojalism-o, royalism.
rojalist-o, royalist.
i'6k-o, rock.
rokoko, rococo, debased
style of art,
rol-o, role, part in a
play.
roman-o, novel (a).
romanc-o, ballad, song,
romantik-o, romanticism ;
— a, romantic ; — ulo,
romanticist.
romb-o, rhomb ; — -fiso, a
turbot.
romp-z, to break ; — o, rup-
ture ; dis — ^, to part by
breaking.
rond-o, circle ; — a, round ;
— eco, roundness ; — igi,
to make round.
ronk-^, to snore ; — o,
snoring (noun).
Tos-o, dew.
rosmar-o, walrus.
rosmaren-o, rosemary.
rost-i, to roast; — ajo, roast-
meat ; pan — ajo, toasted
bread.
rostbef-o, roastbeef.
rostr-o, trunk (of an ele-
phant, of insects); — eto,
stigma (bot.).
rot-o, company {milit.).
rotond-o, rotunda.
roz-o, rose (flower); —koloro,
pink (noun), — kolora, or
— a, pink (adj.), — o,
sovaga, hip, eglantine ;
altea — o, hollyhock.
head-
rozan-o, rosary.
rub-o, rubbish (from de-
molitions).
ruband-o, ribbon.
ruben-^?, ruby.
rubidi-o, rubidium.
rubl-o, rouble, ruble.
rubrik-o, rubric,
line.
rubus-o, blackberry.
rug-a, red ; — o, red (noun),
— igi, to make red ; — igi,
to blush ; — eco, redness ;
— ajo, red marks, reddish
spots ; dube — a, reddish ;
sin
one's face
ruin-o/, ruins ; — a, in
ruins ; — igi, to cause
ruin of anything; — igo,
the act of ruining;
tgi, to use rouge on
130
RUKT-I
SAĜ-A
— iĝi, to fall into ruins ;
— igOy the act of falling
into ruins.
rukt-f, to eructate ; — o,
eructation.
ral-i, to roll, to cause to
roll : — i barelon, to roll
a barrel; — o, roll, roller ;
— ado, act of rolling;
— igi, to roll on itself
(like a wheel, a ball,
etc.) ; — iganta stono
muskon ne kolektas, a roll-
ing stone gathers no
moss ; de — i, to distance
from one point to an-
other by rolling; kun — i,
to roll together : mi
kun — as cigaredon, I
am rolling a cigarette ;
— kurteno, roller blind.
mlad-o, roulade (mus.).
rum-o, rum.
Ruman-a(ar/y. ), Roumanian;
— 0, a Roumanian ; — ujoy
— lando, Roumania.
Rus-a, Russian (adj.) ; — o,
a Russian ; — iijo, — lando,
Russia ; — iijano, mem-
ber of the Russian
empire.
rust-i, to rust; — o, — ado,
rusting ; — ajo, rust ;
— igi, to get rusted ;
— igo, the getting rusted.
rvLŬ-o, ruche, ruching.
rut-o, rue (bat.).
rutenium-o, ruthenium.
rutin-o, routine; — a, rou-
tinary ; — ulo, routine
follower.
TViZ-a, cunning; — i, to use
cunning; — o, cunning,
ruse, stratagem ; — ulo,
a cunning man.
sabat-o, Saturday.
sabelik-6>, savoy cabbage.
sabl-o, sand; — ejo, sand-
pit ; — eto, small sand ;
— eca, sandy ; — i, to
sand, to cover with sand ;
— ero, grain of sand ;
— ajo, sandbank.
sabr-o, sabre; — i, — abati,
to sabre.
13
safir-o, sapphire,
safran-o, saffron,
sagac-a, sagacious ; — eco,
sagacity,
sag-o, arrow; — njo, quiver.
sagu-o, sago.
s&ĝ-a, wise ; — o, sense,
wisdom : la — o eterna,
the eternal wisdom ;
— eco, quallity of the
1
SAK-0
SAN-A
wise; — ulo, a wise man ;
a sage ; — igi, to make
wise ; — igi, to become
wise ; mal — a, foolish,
silly ; mal — eco, foolish-
ness ; mal — ulo, a fool ;
mal — ajo, folly (not mad-
ness).
sak-o, sack; — eto, bag,
small sack.
sakr-o, sacrum, sacral bone.
sakrament-o, sacrament.
sakrilegi-o, sacrilege.
sakristi-o, sacristy ; — ano,
sacristan.
Saks-a, {adj.), Saxon ; ■ — o,
a Saxon ; — ujo, — lando,
Saxony.
sal-o, salt; — a, salt (adj.);
— i, to salt; — igi, to
salify ; — igehla, salifi-
able; — vjo, salt-cellar.
salajr-o, salary, wages, pay.
salamandr-o, salamander.
salamoniak-o, sal ammo-
niac.
salat-ĉ>, salad.
sald-o, balance of account ;
— i, to settle an account.
salik-6», willow ; — ejo, wil-
low plantation ; — ajo,
wickerwork.
salikari-o, willow-herb.
saliv-o, saliva.
salm-o, salmon.
salon-o, saloon, drawing-
room, reception room.
132
salpetr-o, saltpetre.
salt-i, to jump ;
jump, a leap ; — egi, to
caper, to frisk, to skip ;
— ego, a bound ; el — -ulo,
a parvenu.
salut-i, to salute ; — o, salu-
tation, salute.
salv-o, sah'o, volley, dis-
charge.
salvi-o, sage (plant).
sam-a, same ; — tevipe, at
the same time {adv.) ;
idcano, partisan, follower,
sympathiser ; mal — eco,
dissimilarity.
samari-ĉ>, samarium.
sumbuk-o, elder (tree).
samovar-o, samovar (Rus-
sian tea-urn).
san-a, healthy, in good
health ; — o, health (in
a general sense) ; — eco,
state of good health ;
— i, to enjoy good
health; — iga, health giv-
ing; mal — a, ill ; mal—o,
illness ; mal— eco, state
of illness ; mal — ema,
sickly ; mal — ulo, a
patient; mal — ulisto,
sick nurse (professional) ;
mal — ulejo, hospital, in-
firmary ; re — igi, to cure ;
re — igi, to get cured;
re — igo, convalescence ;
re — iganto, convalescent ;
SANDAL-0
8CI-I
remal — o, relapse; remal
— igo, relapse experienc-
ed ; re — igebia, curable ;
nere — igehla, incurable.
sandal-o, sandal wood.
sandr-o, perch, pike.
sang-o, blood ; — a, of
blood, sanguineous;
— ado, hemorrhage;
— verso, effusion of blood ;
— ellaso, bleeding (noun),
blood letting ; j^erdi — on,
— adi, to bleed ; — adi el
la nazo, to bleed from the
nose ; — ema, bleeding
easily ; — avida, sangui-
nary ; — adulto, in-
cest.
sangvin-a, sanguine ; — ulo,
sanguine person.
sankci-f», sanction ; — i, to
sanction.
sankt-ft, holy, sacred ; — eco,
holiness, sacredness;
— igi, to sanctify ; — igi,
to be sanctified; — ejo,
sanctuary, temple; — ido,
a saint; — alvvjo, holy
water basin.
sanskrit-o, Sanscrit.
santal-ĉ?, sandal- wood.
sap-o, soap ; — eca, soapy.
Sard-a {adj.), Sardinian ;
— 0, a Sardinian ; — ujo,
Sardinia.
,. ' sardine.
sardin-o, j
1
saturate.
sark-^*, to weed.
sarkasm-o, sarcasm ; — a,
sarcastic.
sarkofag-c, sarcophagus.
sat-a, satiated ; — igi, to
satiate; ma/ — a, hungry,
mal — 0, hunger; r)ial — i,
to hunger ; gis — e, till
satiety (is reached).
Satan-o, Satan.
satir-o, satire.
satirus-o, a satyr.
satrap-o, satrap.
satur-i, to
{chem.).
saŭc-f>, sauce.
sav-i, to save ; — antu,
saviour (who saves) ;
— into, saviour (who has
saved) ; — o, salvation.
scen-o, scene, stage (the-
atr.).
sceptr-^j, sceptre.
sci-i, to knoA^' {verb) ; — o,
— ado, exact knowledge
of certain things; sen
la - — de, unknown to ;
— igi, to advise, to give
notice ; — igo, advice,
notice, information ;
— igi, to learn, to be
apprised of something ;
antaŭ—igi, to let it be
known beforehand ; ne
— ato, something un-
known ; — awza, studious;
ne — i, to be ignorant of.
33
SCIENC-0
*SEN-
scienc-0, science ; — ulo,
scientist.
sciur-o, squirrel.
■^se, if, whether. If in
indirect query, cu must
be used : Dim al mi,
cu via fratino venos, Tell
me whether (?) your
sister will come.
seb-o, tallow ; — a, of
tallow ; — i, to tallow ;
— eca, sebaceous.
■^sed, but.
sag-*, to saw ; — ilo, a saw.
segment-o, segment.
seĝ-o, chair; — ego, arm-
chair, bralc — 0, armchair.
sek-a, dry ; — eco, dryness ;
— igi, to dry, to drain ;
— igi, to dry up, to waste
away ; mal — a, wet
(adj.) ; mal — eco, wet
(noun) ; mal — igi, to get
wet.
sekalo, rye.
sekc-i, to dissect; — o,
— ado, dissection ; — anto,
dissector.
sekci-o, section (part of
something).
sekret-o, secret {noun) ;
— a, secret, clandestine ;
— igi, to secrete, to
make secret, to keep
secret.
Bekretari-f>, secretary ;
— ecOy secretaryship ;
134
ejo — , the office (place)
of a secretary.
seks-o, sex; — a, sexual.
sekst-o, a sixth (mus.).
sekt-o, sect.
sektor-o, sector (geom.).
sekulariz-i, to secularize ;
— 0, secularization.
sekund-o, second (of time).
sekundant-o, second (in a
duel).
sekv-i, to follow ; — anta,
following, which follows;
— anfaro, the suite, the
cortege ; — o, the con-
sequence ; — e, conse-
quently ; inter — e, con-
secutively.
sel-o, saddle ; — i, to saddle ;
sen — igi, to unsaddle.
selakt-o, whey.
selen-o, selenum.
sem-z, to sow ; — o, seed ;
— ado, sowing time ;
dis — i, dis — adi, dissem-
inate ; — ilo, corndrill
for sowing wheat.
semafor-o, semaphore.
semajn-o, week ; ciu — a.
weekly (adj.) ; ciu — e,
weekly (adv.).
semid-o, semite ; — a,
Semitic.
seminari-o, seminary ;
— an/), seminarist.
■'^'sen-, without ; — riska.,
sure, safe; — honta,
SENAT-0
ŜEVER-A
shameless ; — igi je, to
strip of, to deprive of ;
— maskigi, to unmask ;
— kajpigi, to behead ;
— vestigi, to undress :
— laborulo, idle man ;
— taŭgulo, good for no-
thing fellow ; — atente,
unawares ; — eco, penury.
senat-o, senate ; — ano,
senator.
senc-o, sense, meaning
(never applied to per-
sons); sen — a, meaning-
less; sen — ajo, nonsense.
send-e, to send ; — o, send-
ing (noun) ; — ajo, the
things sent; — ito, an
envoy, a special messen-
ger ; dis — i, to send
right and left.
sensaci-o, sensation ; — a,
sensational.
sent-i, to feel, to experi-
ence ; — 0, feeling ;
— ema, sensitive ; — ama,
sensual; — ebia, sensible;
— emOj sensibility ; akre
— a, acutely sensitive ;
antaŭ — i, to have a pre-
sentiment of.
sentenc-o, sentence (judg-
ment).
sentimental-a, sentimen-
tal.
"*^sep-, seven ; — a, seventh :
— onoj seventh part.
135
sepi-o, cuttle-fish.
Septembr-o, September.
septet-o, septett (mus.).
seraf-o, seraph.
serajl-o, seraglio.
Serb-a (adj.), Servian ; — o,
a Servian; — 2ijo, — lando,
Servia.
serĉ-i, to seek, to look for.
seren-a, serene, fair, un-
ruffled ; — eco, serenity.
serenad-ĉ?, serenade.
serĝent-o, sergeant.
seri-o, series.
serioz-a, serious ; — eco,
seriousness.
serpen t-o, serpent ; son — o,
rattlesnake.
serur-o, lock; — isio, lock-
smith.
serv-i, to serve ; — a,
service ; fari — on, to
do a service ; — isto,
servant ; — ema, ser-
viceable ; — emo, ser-
viceableness, usefulness ;
— emulo, fawner, go-be-
tween, an officious man ;
Di — divine service ;
Di — anto, servant of God.
servic-o, courses (at table).
servut-o, servitude; — ulo,
a serf.
*ses-, six ; — a, sixth ;
— ono, sixth part.
sever-a, severe ; — eco,
severity; mal—a, too
SEVRtJG-0
SIMIL-A
indulgent ; mal — ^, to
be too indulgent ; — ege,
very strictly.
sevrug-<?, starlet sturgeon.
sezon-o, season.
sfer-c, sphere.
sfinks-o, sphinx.
sfinkter-o, sphincter (auaf.)
muscle.
*si, self (oneself) ; sia, his,
her, hers, its, its own
(when the possessor is
the subject of the clause).
Siberi-(9, Siberia ; — a (adj.),
Siberian ; — utw, a
Siberian.
sibl-i, to hiss, to whistle
(as the wind).
sid-i, to be sitting, to sit,
to be perched ; — igi, to
cause to sit ; — igi, to sit
down ; — ejo, seat, place
where one sits ; kun — o,
sitting, seance.
sieĝ-z, to besiege ; — o, a
siege ; — antoj, the,
besiegers ; — atoj, the
besieged.
sifilis-(7, syphilis.
sifon-ĉ?, syphon.
sigel-i, to seal ; — ilo, seal ;
sen — igi, to unseal ;
raks — 0, sealing-wax.
sign-o, sign, mark ; — i, to
mark ; post — o, trace,
track, footsteps, vestige ;
pied — 0, footprint.
signal-o, signal ; — diro^
password.
signif-^, to signify; — o,
signification ; sen — a, in-
significant.
silab-c», syllable; — i, \o
spell.
silent-i, to be silent; — i
pri, to be silent about;
— 0, silence ; — a, silent ;
— igi, to quiet, to cause
to be silent ; — igi, to
become silent.
silf-o, carrion-beetle, black-
fly.
silici-0, silicium.
silik-6), flint, silex
silk-o, silk ; — a,
— eca, silky,
— a raŭpo, silk- worm,
silogism-o, syllogism,
siluet-o, silhouette,
silur-o, silurus (fish), shad,
silvi-o, warbler (bird),
hedge-sparrow,
simbol-o, symbol,
simbolik-o, symbolics,
simetri-o, symmetry ;
symmetrical.
simfoni-o, symphony,
simi-o, ape, monkey ;
simian,
simil-a, similar, like ; -
resemblance, similarity;
— i, to resemble ; — igi,
to assimilate ; — i^i, to
become like.
of silk;
silken ;
a,
— a.
-eco,
136
SIMPATI-O
SKARLAT-0
simpati-0, sympathy ; — a,
sympathetic; — i, to
sympathise.
simpl-a, simple, single,
mere ; — eco, singleness ;
— igi, to simplify ; — igi,
to become simple ;
pli — igi, to simplify
more ; pli — igi, to be-
come simpler; pli — igo,
the getting simpler ;
— anima, ingenuous ;
inal — a, compound ;
mal — igi, to complicate;
— ani?mdo, a simpleton.
simptomo, symptom.
sinagog-o, synagogue.
sinap-o, mustard plant,
charlock.
sincer-(i, sincere,
— eco, sincerity,
ness.
sindik-o, syndic.
sindikat-o, syndicate,
sindon-a, devoted ;
— ^co, devotion.
sinedri-o, sanhedrim.
singardem-(i, cautious ; — o,
prudence.
singult-i, to hiccup; — o,
hiccup.
sinjor-o, Mr., sir, gentle-
man ; — ino, Mrs.,
Madam, lady ; la Siiijoro,
the Lord (God).
sinkop-o, syncope.
sinod-o, synod.
1
open;
open-
smonim-o, synonym.
sinoptik-rt, synoptic, synop-
tical ; — ulo, synoptist.
sinovi-a, synovial (anal).
sintaks-o, syntax.
sintez-o, synthesis ; — a,
synthetic.
siren-o, siren (myth.), mer-
maid.
Siri-a, Syrian (adj.) ; — o,
Syria ; — ano, a Syrian.
siring-o, lilac.
sirop-o, syrup.
sistem-o, system.
sitel-o, pail.
situaci-o, situation, posi-
tion.
skabel-ĉ>, stool, footstool.
skaben-o, alderman, juror.
skabi-(9, itch, scab, etc.
skadr-o, squadron (army).
skal-o, scale ; la — o de via
karto, the scale of your
map ; la — o de lia voco,
the scale of his voice.
skalp-o, scalp.
skandal-o, scandal ; — ^, to
scandalise.
skandi-o, scandium.
skandinav-a, Scandinavian.
skapol-o, shoulder blade,
omoplate.
skarab-r>, beetle.
skarifik-i, to scarify, to
cup ; — 0, cupping ; — ilo,
scarificator.
skarlat-o, scarlet.
37
SKARLATIN-0
SKULPT-I
skarlatin-o, scarlatina.
skarp-o, scarf.
sk.a>t-o, skating-rink.
skatol-o, small box or case.
skelet-o, skeleton.
skem-o, schema ; — a,
schematic; — i, to sche-
matize.
skeptik-ĉi, sceptical {adj.)-,
— eco, scepticism.
skerm-i, to fence ; — o,
fencing ;profesoro de — o,
fencing master.
skerz-o, scherzo.
skism-o, schism ; — a, schis-
matic.
skiz-^, to sketch; — o,
sketch.
sklav-o, slave ; — a, of
slave, servile ; — ema,
cringing, slavish ; — emo^
servility ; — eco, slavery ;
— igiy to reduce to
slavery.
skolastik-a, scholastic
{adj.).
skolop-o, woodcock.
skolopendr-o, centipede.
skombr-6», mackerel.
skorbut-ĉ), scurvy.
skori-o, scoria, dross, slag.
skorpi-o, scorpion.
skorzones-o, black salsify.
Skot-a, Scottish ; — o, a
Scot, a Scotchman ;
— lando, Scotland.
skrap i, to scrape, to
scratch ; — ilo, eraser,
scraper, etc. ; ungo — i,
to scratch with the
finger-nails; — o, — ado,
erasure, scratching (the
act) ; de — ajo, the part
scraped off, or scratched.
skrib-t, to write ; — o, writ-
ing (what is written);
J a sank t a — o, holy writ;
— ado, the art of writ-
ing; bel — ado, calli-
graphy ; — a, in writing
(adj.) ; — e, in writing
(adv.) ; — isto, a scribe, a
copyist, etc. ; de — i, to
extract, to copy from ;
trans — i, to transcribe,
al — i, to ascribe ; en — i,
to inscribe, to write in ;
en — 0, inscription in ;
siir — i, to write on;
sur — 0, placard, bill
stuck on ; sur — eto, label,
ticket; sub — i, to sub-
scribe; sub — 0, subscrip-
tion ; jjri — i, to describe ;
pri — 0, description.
skrofol-o, scrofula.
skrupul-o, scruple ; ^a,
scrupulous.
sku-i, to shake; — o, a
shake ; — igi, to shake,
to be shaken ; ne — ebla,
that cannot be shaken.
skulpt-^, to sculpture, to
carve ; — ado, sculptiu:e
138
SKUN-0
SOMNAMBULISM-0
(ait) ; — ajo, sculpture
(the work done) ; — a,
sculptural ; — isto,
sculptor ; — ilo, chisel
of sculptor.
skun-o, schooner.
skurĝ-o, whip, knout ; — i,
to scourge.
skvam-o, scales (of fish).
Slav-a, Slavonic, Slavic
{adj,) ; — 0, a Slav.
smerald-o, emerald.
smilak-o, sarsaparilla.
smirg-o, emery ; — i, to rub
or polish with emery ;
— a pajpero, emery-
paper,
sobr-«, sober ; — eco,
sobriety ; mal — a, in-
temperate; mal — eco, in-
temperance ; mal — igi,
to be intemperate.
social-a, social (not sociable).
socialism-o, socialism.
socialist-o, socialist.
societ-o, society ; — a, of
society ; — ema, sociable.
sod-o, soda.
sof-o, sofa.
sofism-(?, sophism.
soif-i, to be thirsty ; to
thirst ; — a, thirst ; sen
— ig% to quench the
thirst ; sen — iga, which
quenches the thirst.
sojl-o, threshold.
sokl-o, socle, plinth.
sol-o, solo (mus.) ; — isto,
soloist.
sol-a, sole, alone ; — e,
solely; — eco, seclusion.
sold-o, military pay.
soldat-o, soldier, pawn (in
chess) ; — ejo, barrack ;
mar — o, a marine.
sole-o, sole (fish).
solecism-o, solecism.
solen-a, solemn ; — o, solem-
nity, solemn festival ;
— igi, to solemnize.
solid-a, solid, sedate, ster-
ling, respectable ; — eco,
solidity, soundness, re-
spectability.
solidar-<i, conjointly liable
(adj.).
soliter-o, tape- worm.
solv-t, to solve, to resolve ;
la vaporo — ita en pluvo,
vapour resolved into
rain ; la p'ohlemo estas
— ita, the problem is
solved ; — o, solution ;
— ehla, that may be
solved, soluble ; — ebleco,
solubility; ne — ehla, in-
solvable; — igi, to be
solved, or dissolved.
somer-o, summer; — a, of
summer; — e, in summer.
somnambul-o, somnambu-
list.
somnambulism-o, somnam-
bulism.
139
SON-I
SPECIFIKACI-0
son-f, to resound, to give
a sound ; - — igi, to cause
to sound ; — o, sound ;
— a, sonorous ; multe — a,
that has much sound ;
re — a, sending back the
sound ; re — i, to send
back sound ; hon — a, bel
— a, harmonious, melodi-
ous.
sonat-o, sonata.
sond-f, to sound, to fathom.
sonet-o, sonnet (poem).
sonĝ-o, dream (during
sleep) ; — ^, to dream
(during sleep).
sonor-i, to ring, to produce
a sound by prolonged
musical vibrations ; — ilo,
bell ; — ileto, small bell ;
— igi, to ring a bell, etc. ;
sonorigu al la servistino,
ring for the servant-
maid ; = — igisfo, b e 1 1-
ringer.
sopi^-^, to sigh for
li sojnras
feliceco,
his lost
— ado, a
je sia perdita
he sighs after
happiness ; — o,
sigh for, a regret, a de-
sire ; — anto, a wooer.
sopran-o, soprano.
sorb-^, to absorb, to suck
up ; — igi, to imbibe ;
— igi, to become imbued;
— igo, action of imbib-
ing ; — i(ĵo, act of getting
1
imbued ; — a impero^
blotting paper.
sorc-i, to practise witch-
craft ; — 0, witchcraft ;
— a, of witchcraft; en
— ^, to bewitch ; en — o,
bewitching (now?!) ; — isto,
sorcerer; — arto, sorcery.
sorik-o, shrew-mouse.
sorp-o, sorb ; — ujo, sorb or
service-tree.
sort-o, fate, destiny.
sortiment-o, assortment.
sovaĝ-a, wild ; — ulo,
savage (man) ; — eco^
savagery ; mal — a, tame.
spac-o, space {not duration);
en — ^, to contain within
its bounds ; inter — o, dis-
tance between places.
spad-o, spada, flat broad-
sword.
spalir-o, espalier.
spasm-o, spasm.
spat-o, spa (min.) ; spavin.
spec-o, species ; U7iu — a, of
a single species or kind ;
diver sa — a, of varied
kinds ; — ajaro, assort-
ment.
special-a, special ; — ajo,
speciality.
specifik-?', to specify ; — a,
specific; — o, specification.
specifikaci-o, specification
(patents, etc.) ; — ?', to
specify (patents, etc.).
SPECIMEN-0
STABL-0
specimens?, specimen,
sample.
spektr-ĉ>, spectre,
spegul-6», mirror, looking-
glass.
spektakl-o, sight, view,
stage representation.
spekulaci-o, speculation ;
— i, to speculate.
spekulativ-tt, speculative.
sperm-c, sperm, semen,
seed.
spermacet-o, spermaceti.
spert-a, experienced ; — o,
experience.
spez-c, clearing (of funds) ;
el — 0, disbursement, ex-
penditure ; el — i, to
to spend, to disburse ; en
— 0, receipt (the funds
received) ; en — i, to re-
ceive funds.
spic-o, spice ; — a, spiced,
tasty ; — i, to season.
spik-o, ear (of corn).
spil-i, to tap, to broach
(casks) ; to spill, to shed ;
— ilo, spigot.
spin-o, spine (dorsal).
spinac-o, spinach.
spion-o, spy; — i, to
spy-
spir-i, to breathe ; — o,
— ado, the breathing ;
— add, respiratory ; en
— i, to breathe in ; — egi,
to pant for breath ; el
— ajo, the breath ; —chla,
respirable.
spiral-o, spiral {noun) ; — a,
spiral {<J^dj.) ; — ajo,
volute, scroll.
spirit-o, spirit; — a, spirit-
ual, intellectual.
spiritism-o, spiritism.
spiritualism-OjSpiritualism.
spiritus-o, alcoholic spirit.
spit-ĉ, in spite of ; spite cio,
in spite of everything.
splen-o, spleen.
split-ĉ), splint, splinter ; — i,
to split.
sponde-ĉ?, spondee (pros.).
spong-o, sponge.
sporad-rt, sporadic.
sport-o, sport; — a, sport-
ing; — ido, sportsman.
sprit-a, witty ; —eco, wit ;
— ajo, witticism ; — ulo,
a wit (man) ; mal — a,
stupid ; mal — ajo, stupid
act or saying ; mal — ulo,
a stupid fellow; mal — ceo,
state of silliness or
stupidity.
spron-o, spur.
sprot-o, sprat.
sput-i, to spit (blood or
glair) ; —o de sango,
spitting of blood.
stab-c, staff (the), army
j officers.
' stabl-o, bench, easel, loom,
j frame, etc.
41
STACI-0
STOF-0
staci-0, station (railways,
omnibuses, boats, etc.) ;
— donw, railway-station.
stadi-o, stadium.
stal-o, rude shed (made of
wood).
stalagmit-o, stalagmite.
stalaktit-o, stalactite.
stamen-o, stamen, stamina
(bot.) ; stamin, tammy
(cloth).
stamp-o, stamp - mark,
official stamp ; — i, to
stamp, to mark officially.
stan-o, tin, pewter ; — i, to
tin.
stanc-o, stanza.
standard-o, flag, standard ;
— isto, flag-bearer.
stang-o, pole (wood).
stapeli-o, fritillary (genus),
coxcomb.
stapl-o, pile, heap ; — ero,
staple, commodity.
star-i, to stand ; el — i, to
jut out ; , — igi, to raise,
to put, or set upright ;
— igi, to get up ; kontraŭ
— i, to stand against,
to oppose ; kontrail — o,
opposition ; mem — a, self-
reliant, independent.
stard-o, bustard (bird).
stat-o, state of being ; bon
— a, in good condition.
statik-o, statics ; — a, static
(adj.).
^ statist-o, statist.
statistik-ĉ?, statistics.
statu-o, statue.
statur-o, physique, stature,
form.
stearin-o, stearin (chem.).
steb-i, to stitch; — o, — ado,
stitching; — ilo, sewing-
machine.
stel-o, star ; — aro, con-
stellation.
stenografii-o, shorthand.
step-o, waste land, moor,
steppe.
stereoskop-o, stereoscope.
sterotip-o, stereotype.
sterk-o, dung, manure ; — i,
to manure (the ground).
sterled-o, sterlet (fish).
sterling-a funt-o, pound
sterling.
stern-i, to stretch or sprawl
on one surface; Hi — is
la malsanulon sur la lito,
they stretched the
patient on the bed.
stertor-i, to make a raucous
noise.
steven-o, stern, stern-post.
stil-o, style.
stilistik-(9, stylistics ; — a,
stylistic (adj.).
stimul-i, to stimulate.
stip-o, broom (shrub).
stipendi-o, stipend.
stof-o, Russian mea-
sure.
142
STOIK-0
SUBSTANTIV-0
stoik-0, — ulo, a stoic ; —a
(adj.), stoic.
8tol-o, stole (eccles. vest-
ment).
stomak-o, stomach ; — a,
stomachic.
stopl-o, stubble (agric).
strsib-i, to squint ; — a,
squinting ; — ulo, a
squinting man ; — eco,
squinting (noun).
strang-ĉi, strange, peculiar;
— eco, strangeness, pecu-
liarity ; — ajo, strange
demeanour, etc.
strat-o, street; — eto, by-
street, lane, alley.
strategi-o, strategy; — isto,
strategist.
streĉ-z, to stretch, to ex-
tend with force ; to wind
up (clock or watch).
strek-2, to streak, to stripe;
— 0, a streak, a stripe, a
traced line ; suh — i, to
underline.
stri-o, wide streak, or stripe.
strig-o, owl ; paser — o,
screech-owl.
strigl-i, to currycomb ;
— ilo, currycomb.
strik-o, strike (of work-
men).
striknin-o, strychnine.
strof-o, strophe.
stronci-^, strontium.
struktur-o, structure, build.
strut-o, ostrich.
stud-?', to study ; — o, ado,
— ajo, study ; — anfo,
student.
student-o, student,
stuf-i, to stew, to fry, to
stuk-i, to stucco, to plaster;
— 0, — ajo, stucco.
stump-o, stump, trunk,
fag end.
stup-o, tow.
sturg-o, sturgeon.
stum-o, starling.
*sub, under ; — e, beneath ;
— en, going beneath
(motion) ; — kusi, to be
lying under ; — meti, to
subdue, to put under;
— forgi, to shoe a horse ;
— taso, a saucer.
subaltern-tt, subaltern
(adj.) ; — ulo, subaltern
(noun).
subit-a, sudden; — e, sud-
denly.
subjekt-o, subject (of verb).
subjektiv-a, subjective
(adj.); — eco, subject-
ivity.
subjunktiv-o, subjunctive
(gram.).
sublimat-o, sublimate.
subretin-o, abigail, sou-
brette.
substanc-o, substance.
substantiv-o, substantive.
143
SUBTIL-A
*SUPEK
subtil-a, subtle ; — eco^ sub-
tlety.
subvenci-o, subvention.
suc-z', to suck ; — o, — ado^
suction ; — iĝi^ to pene-
trate by suction ; — ilo^
sucker , — ajt», spot made
by sucking.
sud-o, south; — a, southern;
— u\o^ southerner.
sufer-i, to suifer, to bear,
to endure ; — o, suffer-
ing (noun) ; — ehla, bear-
able.
sufic-a, sufficient ; — ^, to
suffice ; — e, enough
sufficiently ; — ega, a-
bundant.
sufiks-o, suffix.
suflor-o, prompter ; — i, to
prompt.
sufok-i, to suffocate, to
smother ; — o, suffoca-
tion inflicted ; — a, suffo-
cating ; — igi, to suffo-
cate (neuter) ; — igo, suffo-
cation undergone.
sufragan-o, suffragan.
sugest-i, to suggest ; — o,
suggestion ; — a, sug-
gestive.
suk-o, sap (of plants) ; — a,
juicy, succulent; — ^9Zĉ?ia,
full of sap, vigorous ;
sen — igi, to dry up, to
perish, to lose sap.
sukcen-o, amber.
1
; — acido,
wrinkle ;
furrow,
— igi, to
sukces-?, to have success,
to prosper ; — o, success.
suker-o, sugar; —i, to
sugar ; — ujo, sugar-
basin ; — far ado, sugar-
making ; — faristo, sugar-
maker; — farejo, sugar-
factory.
sulfur-o, sul[)hur
sulphuric acid.
sulk-o, furrow,
— eto, small
small wrinkle ;
wrinkle, to frown ; — igi,
to get wrinkled, to be-
come frowning ; to
shrivel up.
sultan-o, sultan.
sum-o, sum ; — i, to make
up the amount ; re — i, to
resume; re — o, resume.
sun-6», sun ; — floro, sun-
flower.
sup-o, soup ; — ujo, soup-
tureen.
*super, above; — i, to
surpass, to exceed ;
— mezura, excessive ;
— natura, supernatural ;
— ruzi, to surpass in
cunning ; — regi, to sur-
pass in domination ;
— satigi, to gorge ; — akvi,
to inundate ; akvego,
deluge ; — Jluo, super-
fluousness; — Jlua, super-
fluous ; — rego, prepon-
44
SUPERLATIV-0
SVIS-A
derance ; — a, superior
(adj.); — oferi, to outbid.
superlative, superlative
(gram.).
superstiĉ-o, superstition ;
— a, of superstition,
superstitious ; — ulo,
superstitious man.
supoz-i, to suppose ; — o,
supposition.
supr-e, above ; — a, upper,
above {adj.) ; — e, being
above, up ; de — e, from
above ; — en, the place
above (to which cue
goes) ; mal — a, from be-
low, below ; nuil — e, be-
low, from below ; {adv. ) ;
de mal — e, coming from
below ; mal — en, the
place below (to which
one goes) ; — o, the sum-
mit, the top part ; mal
— 0, the lower part ;
— ajo, surface ; — aja, of
the surface, superficial ;
— aje, superficially ; mal
— eniri, to descend (from
a carriage).
^sur, on, upon ; metu la
robon — la tahlon, put the
dress on the , table ;
— rampi, to climb ;
— bordo, a quay, wharf :
— versi, to water, to
spray. [Do not confound
sw with super.]
surd-a, deaf ; — ulo, a deaf
man ; — eco, deafness ;
— a-muta, deaf and dumb
(adj.) ; — a-mutulo, deaf
and dumb man ; — igi,
to deafen ; — igi, to be-
come deaf; — igo, the
act of becoming deaf.
surogat-o, surrogate.
surplis-o, surplice.
surpriz-i, to surprise ; — o,
surprise ; — e, by sur
prise, with sui-prise.
surtut-o, overcoat.
suspekt-i, to suspect; — o,
suspicion; — a, suspect;
— ema, suspicious.
sutan-o, soutane, cassock.
suveran-o, sovereign ; — a,
sovereign {adj.) ; — eco,
sovereignty.
svarm-i, to swarm with,
to be alive with ; - — o, a
swarm ; — ado, a throng.
svat-i, to intermeddle in
matchmaking, to act
as a marriage-broker ;
— isto, matrimonial
agent.
sved-a, Swedish {adj.) ; — o,
a Swede ; — ujo, —lando,
Sweden.
sven-i, to swoon.
sving-i, to swing.
Svis-a, Swiss {adj.) ; — o,
a Swiss ; — ujo, —lando,
Switzerland.
145
ŜAF-0
ŜEL-0
ŝ
ŝaf-0, sheep ; — ino, ewe ;
— o-viro, ram ; — eto,
small sheep ; — ido,
lamb ; — ideio, tiny
lamb ; — aĵo, mutton ;
— idaĵo, lamb (meat).
Sah-o, shah.
ŝajn-i, to seem, to appear ;
— a, seeming (adj.), ap-
parent ; — 0, appearance,
seeming (noun) ; sub — o,
under the appearance ;
— e, seemingly ; — igi,
to feign, to pretend;
— iga, pretended,
feigned ; ver — o, likeli-
hood ; never — a, un-
likely.
sak-q/', chess ; — a tabulo, or
— tabulo, chess-board.
ŝakal-o, jackal.
ŝakr-i, to chaffer, to haggle;
— isto, haggler, an old-
clothes' man, huckster.
ŝakt-o, shaft, pit {mines).
ŝal-o, shawl.
ŝalm-o, shawm, stalk of
corn, straw, pipe, reed.
ŝalup-ĉ?, sloop, gunboat.
ŝam-(7, shammy (leather),
— kolora, chamois col-
oured.
ŝanc-o, hick, chance.
ŝancel-i, to cause to vacil-
1
late, to shake, to cause
to hesitate; — igi, to
hesitate, to oscillate ;
— igo, hesitation, oscilla-
tion ; — iga, hesitating,
undecided, oscillating.
ŝanĝ-i, to change, to alter
(active) ; — o, change,
alteration ; inter — i, to
exchange; inter — o, ex-
change, barter ; — igi, to
change, to be altered ;
— ema, fond of change ;
— iga, changeable.
ŝankr-o, chancre, canker ;
— a, cankerous, cankered.
ŝarad-o, charade.
ŝarg-i, to load (a gun, etc.).
ŝarĝ-i, to place a burden
on ; — 0, burden, load ;
— ego, heavy load ; — a,
heavy, burdensome ; sen
— igi, to unload ; —
veturilo, dray, dray-cart.
ŝark-c, shark.
sat-/, to prize, to like ;
7nal — i, to disdain, not
to appreciate ; — inda,
reputable.
ŝaŭm-ĉ?, froth, foam ; — i,
to foam, to be frothy.
ŝel-o, shell, peel, bark ; sen
— igi, to shell, to peel,
etc.
46
ŜELAK-0
ŜOVEL-I
ŝelak-0, shellac.
ŝelk-o, brace (for trousers,
etc.).
Sem-o, Shem ; — ido, Se-
mite ; — ida, Semitic.
ŝenopraz-(9, chives, bladed
leek.
ŝerc-i, to joke, to pun, etc.;
—0, joke, fun, etc.; — ido,
a wag.
ŝei-oj, shears ; dock or ship
cranes.
*ŝi-, she, her ; — a, her, hers
(poss.) ; — n (accusative)
her.
ŝild-6>, shield.
ŝiling-(3, shilling.
ŝim-i, to get mouldy, rancid.
ŝind-(?, shingle.
ŝink-o, ham.
ŝip-o, ship, boat, vessel ;
— a, naval, of the fleet;
— aro, the navy, the
fleet ; — etaro, flotilla ;
— irebla, navigable;
— postsigno, wake of a
ship.
ŝir-i, to tear; — o, tearing
(noun) ; de — i, to part ;
by tearing; de—o, act
of parting by tearing;
de — ajo, a tear (in a gar-
ment) ; de — igi, to be
torn from ; de — iyo, the
being torn from ; dis — i,
to tear to pieces ; dis — o,
the tearing to pieces ;
dis — igi, to be torn to
pieces ; dis — igo, the be-
ing torn to pieces ; el — i,
to uproot, to extract;
kor — anfa, heartrending.
ŝirm-e, to shield, to shelter,
to screen ; — ilo, screen ;
— ileto, peak of a cap,
vizor ; vent — ilo, large
folding screen ; fajro
— ilo, fire screen ; lamp
— ilo, lamp shade.
ŝlim-(?, slime, mud ; — hava,
muddy, slimy ; — ejo,
bog.
ŝlos-i, to lock ; ■ — ilo, key ;
— ilosfo, clavicle, collar-
bone.
ŝmac-f, to smack, to kiss
loudly ; — o, a loud kiss.
smir-'i, to anoint, to rub
with ointment ; — o,
unction, anointing ;
— ajo, ointment.
ŝnur-6>, string ; — ego, cable,
rope ; — eto, twine, thin
string ; — armi, to rig ;
sen — igi, to unrig.
ŝose-o, embankment, with
wide roadway, large
esplanade.
ŝov-i, to push a thing;
al — i, to push towards ;
sur — i, to push upon ;
en — i, to push into.
Ŝovel-?', to shovel ; — ilo, a
shoveL
47
ŜOVINISM-0
§VIT-I
ŝovinism-0, chaiiviiiism.
ŝovinist-o, chauvinist.
ŝpar-?, to spare, to be
thrifty ; mal — i, to be
a spendthrift ; — ema,
thrifty; mal — ema, pro-
digal.
ŝpic-o, Pomeranian dog,
Spitz-dog.
ŝpin-^, to spin ; — ajo, dis-
taff; — ilo, spindle; rad
— ilo, spinning wheel ;
— antino, a spinneT*
(occasional) ; — istino, a
spinner {or spinster).
ŝpruc-i, to spurt, to spout,
to gush; — 0, gushing
forth (noun) ; — igi sur,
to splash or spurt upon ;
— igilo, holy water
brush ; en — igi, to
syringe ; en — igilo, a
syringe ; el — i, to
spurt.
ŝrank-ĉ), cupboard ; sankta
— 0, tabernacle (of the
altar).
ŝrapnel-o, shrapnel.
ŝraŭb-(?, screw ; — i, to
screw.
ŝtal-(7, steel.
ŝtat-o, state ; Unuigitaj
Statoj, United States.
ŝtel-^, to steal ; — isto,
thief ; sin en — i, to enter
like a thief.
ŝtip-o, block of wood;
—aro, pile of logs.
ŝtof-o, tissue, material,
stuff; — ego, sackcloth;
— rando, salvage.
ston-o, stone ; — ego, rock ;
— eto, flint, pebble ;
— hava, — plena, stony,
very stony.
ŝtop-i, to stop up, to ob-
struct, to cork; — ilo,
plug, stopper, pad.
strump-o, stocking ; — etOj
sock ; — ligilo, garter.
ŝtup-(?, step, round (of a
ladder) ; — aro, stair-
case, ladder.
ŬU-0, shoe ; sin sen — igi, to
take off one's shoes.
ŝuld-i, to owe, to be in-
debted ; — 0, debt ;
— anto, debtor ; — igi,
to make one indebted ;
— atesfo, promissory note.
ŝultr-o, shoulder.
ŭut-i, to shoot (sand, rub-
bish, mould, stones, etc.);
dis — i, to spill solids
about.
ŝvel-i, to swell, to get
swollen ; —o, swelling,
tumour, etc.
ŭvit-i, to perspire, to sweat ;
— 0, perspiration, sweat;
hanejo, vapour baths
(establishment).
US
TANTAL-0
t. e., abbreviation for tin
cstas, that is.
tabak-o, tobacco ; — ejo,
tobacco plantation ;
— vendejo, vendejo de — o,
place where tobacco is
sold ; — tenejo, tenejo
de — 6», tobacconist's shop
(wholesale) ; — buti/:o,
retail tobacconist's shop ;
— ujo, box for tobacco,
snufF-box ; Jcanastro, to-
bacco jar ; — saketo,
— poŝo, tobacco pouch.
taban-o, ox-fly, gadfly.
tabel-o, table, list, state-
ment, index.
tabl-o, table (piece of fur-
niture).
tabul-o, plank ; — eto, small
plank.
taburet-o, tabouret, tabret.
taĉment-o, squad (milit.).
taft-o, taffeta.
tag-o, day ; — igi, to dawn,
to begin to be daylight ;
simpla — 0, week-day ;
— labmisto, day labour-
er; laŭ — e, by the day,
per 24 hours ; ciu — e,
daily (adv.) ; plen — o, a
full day of 24 hours ;
— noktegaleco, equinox.
tajlor-o, tailor.
—a,
with
taks-^, to estimate, to rate,
to value ; — o, valuation;
— aro, tariff, price-list,
taksus-o, yew (tree),
takt-o, bai" (mus.).
taktik-o, tactics ; — isto,
tactician.
talar-o, talar, (eccles. gown
or robe),
talent-o, talent ;
talented ; — ĉ,
talent,
taler-o, thaler,
tali-o, waist; bon — a, bel — a,
finely shaped, with
shapely waist.
talisman-^?, talisman,
talium-o, tsallium.
talmud-o, talmud.
talp-o, mole (animal) .
tamarind-o, tamarind.
tambur-o, drum ; — z, to
beat the drum ; — ado,
drum beating,
tamburin-o, tambourine,
^tamen, however, never-
theless, yet.
tamtam-<9, tom-tom, gong,
tan-z, to tan ; — isto, tanner,
tandem-o, tandem,
tangent-o, tangent.
tanin-6>, tannin,
tantal-o, tantalum, tanta-
lium.
149
TANTIUM-0
TEMP-0
tantium-o, percentage com-
mission upon agreed
proportion.
tapet-o, tapestry ; — i, to
hang with tapestry.
tapiŝ-o, carpet; w — o, tem-
porary carpet.
tar-o, tare (weight allow-
ance) ; sen — a, nett
weight ; kun—a^
gross,
(adjec-
gross weight
lively).
tarantel-o, tarantella
(dance).
tarantul-o, tarantula
tarif-o, tariff.
tarok-o, taroc (card game).
tartar-o, wine cask deposit.
tas-o, cup ; sub — o, saucer.
task-o, task.
Tatar-ft {adj.), Tataric; — o,
a Tatar, or Tartar;
— ujo, — lando, Tartary.
tatu-i, to tatoo ; — ajo,
tattoo.
taŭg-i, to be fit (for) ; sen
— ulo, good-for-nothing
wretch ; — eco, fitness.
taŭz-i, to tease (wool), to
maul about.
tavol-o, layer ; — i, to ar-
range in layers ; — eto,
thin layer; — eli, to
arrange in thin layers.
te-o, tea ; — arho, tea plant ;
— kruco, teapot; — maŝ-
ino, tea-urn, samovar ;
— ujo, tea-caddy ; — ejo,
tea plantation.
tesiti-o, theatre ; — a,
theatrical.
ted-i, to be tedious ; — a,
tedious ; — eco, tedious-
ness.
teg-?', to cover entirely ;
— 0, a cover for furni-
ture, etc.
tegment-o, roof ; — ajo,
roofing.
tegol-o, roofing tile.
teism-o, theism.
teist-o, theist.
teknik-o, technics ; tech-
nique (mus.).
teks-z, to weave ; — isto,
weaver ; — ajo, tissue,
web, woof.
tekst-o, text; — a, laŭ — a,
textual ; — e, laŭ — ĉ,
textually.
telefon-o, telephone.
telegraf-o, telegraph.
teler-o, plate ; — vieblo,
sideboard ; — luko, dish-
cloth.
teleskop-o, telescope.
telur-o, tellurium.
tem-o, subject for discus-
sion or development,
musical theme.
temp-o, time ; kelka — a,
temporary ; Urn — o, term,
period agreed; sam — e.
at the same time ; sam
150
TEMPERAMENT-0
TESTUD-0
— a, contemporary ; nun
— a, present ; aniaŭ — a,
premature ; inter— o, in-
terval ; gusta — e, oppor-
tunely ; gusta — «-, oppor-
tune ; havi — on por, to
have time for.
temperament-o, tempera-
ment.
temperatur-o, temperature.
tempi-o, temple (anat.).
templ-o, temple (building).
ten-i, to keep, to hold ;
— ilo, handle ; — ejo,
depot, warehouse ; libro
— ado^ book-keeping ;
libro — isto, book-keeper ;
sub — i, to sustain, to up-
hold ; sub — 0, support ;
sub — ajo, prop ; de — i,
to detain ; de — i sin, to
contain oneself ; de — a,
de — ema, abstemious,
continent ; de — o, de
— emo, abstemiousness,
continence ; en — i, to
include ; en— a, inclu-
sive ; en — e, inclusive-
ly-
tend-0, tent ; — aro, en-
campment under tents.
tenden-o, tendon.
tendenc-o, tendency.
tendr-o, tender (locomo-
tive).
teni-o, tapeworm.
tenor-o, tenor.
tent-^', to tempt ; — o, temp-
tation ; — anto, tempter.
teologi-o, theology.
teorem-o, theorem.
teori-o, theory ; — a, theo-
retic.
ter-o, earth ; — a, earthl}^,
of earth ; en — igi, to
bury, to inter ; en — igo,
burial ; — kolo, isthmus ;
— porno, potato ; planta
— 0, vegetable mould.
terapeŭtik-o, therapeutics.
tei&T^i-o, cherapy.
teras-o, terrace.
tevc-o, tercet-o, trio {mus.).
terebint-o, turpentine.
teritori-o, territory ; — a,
territorial.
termin-o, term, definition
expressed by means of
one or more words ;
— aro, terminology.
termit-o, termite.
termometr-o, thermometer.
tern-?', to sneeze ; — o,
sneezing (noun).
terur-o, terror, fright, hor-
ror; — a, terrible, fright-
ful, awful ; — igi, to
render terrible ; — igi,
to become terrible,
testament-z, to bequeath
by will ; — o, a will.
testik-o, testicle.
testud-o, tortoise ; kiraso
de — 0, tortoise-shell.
151
TETAN-0
TINKTUR-0
tetan-0, tetanus ; — a, of
tetanus.
tetr-o, grouse.
tetra-o, hazel-hen.
tez-o, thesis.
*tia, such, such a kind :
donu gin al mi tian, kia gi
estas, give it to me such
as it is.
*tial, therefore, accord-
inglj^, for that reason :
li neniam volis sekvi mian
konsilon, Hal mi forlasis
tin, he never would fol-
low my advice, therefore
I forsook him; — ke,
since (argumentative).
*tiam, then, at that time ;
— a, of that time, of
then ; — ulo, a man of
that time, a man living
then.
tiar-o, tiara.
tibi-o, til)ia ; — karno, calf
of the leg.
*tie, there, yonder ; — a
(adj.), yonder, over there ;
— ulo, a man from
yonder; — ci, here,
ci — a, of here; ci — ulo,
a man of here.
'^tiel, thus, in that way;
like that, so much so ;
- its correlative in com-
parison of equality is
kiel : li estas — foi'ta, kiel
vi, he is as strong 05 you
(are) ; — . . .ke, so much
so that ; li kriis — , ke li
raŭkiijis 2wo Ho, he cried
so much that he grew
hoarse through it.
tif-o, typhus.
tigr-o, tiger ; — ino, tigress.
tik-(9, tick, ticking (cloth).
tikl-i, to tickle ; — 0, tick-
ling; — osentema, ticklish.
tili-o, linden, lime-tree.
tim-i, to fear, to be afraid
of ; — 0, fear ; — inda,
to be feared ; — erna,
timid, easity frightened ;
— emo, timidity, timid
disposition ; — ulo, a
coward ; mal — 0, bold-
ness ; mal — ulo, a bold
man ; mal—ema, bold ;
mal^ego, audacity ; mal
— egulo, an audacious
man ; sen — e, fearlessly ;
sen — a, fearless ; sen — eco,
self-possession ; — igi, to
frighten ; — igilo, scare-
crow.
timian-o, thyme.
timon-o, pole, shaft (of a
>ehicle).
tin-o, coop, wine- vat ;
— isto, cooper, cellarman.
tindr-o, tinder, touchwood.
tine-o, moth.
tink-o, tench.
tinktur-o, tincture ; — i, to
dye, to tinge.
152
TINT-I
'"TIU
tint-2, to jingle, to clink,
to chink : mi sonorigis la
sonorilon, vi sonoretigis la
soiLorileton, kaj li — igis
siajn — ilojn, I rang the
(church) bell, you rang
the little bell (house),
and he jingled his
hawk's bells; — ilo, tiny-
round bell.
■^tio, that {pron.) indef.
absolute, tio^ kio ; tion,
kio : that which ; tio, kio
placos al vi, placos al mi,
or, kio placos al vi, Ho
placos al mi, that which
will please you will
please me. Frenu tion, kio
estas sur la tahlo. Take
that which is on the
table. Tion, kion : Vi
prenos tion, kion vi deziros,
or, kion vi deziros, Hon vi
prenos, you will take
what you please.
*tiom, as much, so much ;
as many, so many ; the
correlative is kiom. Li
— laboris, kiom vi, he
worked as much as you ;
donu al mi — da akvo, kiom
da vino, give me as much
water as wine ; — da
homoj, so many men.
tip-o, type.
tipografi-o, typography.
tir-i, to draw, to pull ; — o,
traction ; al — ?, to draw,
to attract towards ;
al — igi, to be di-awn
towards ; sur — i, to draw
on, to stretch on ; mi
sur — as g anion sur mian
manon, I draw (stretch)
a glove on my hand ;
kun — i, to contract, to
pull together; kun — igi,
to get contracted ; for — i,
to take away by trac-
tion ; re — i, to draw
backwards ; el — i, to
extract from ; koi'k — ilo,
cork-screw ; huton — ilo,
button-hook ; el — aĵo,
cut from paper, etc.
tiran-o, tyrant ; — eco,
tyranny.
Titan-o, Titan.
titani-o, titanium.
titol-o, title ; — i, to entitle.
■^tiu, that one ; iiuj, those ;
tiu ci, or ci, tiu this one ;
tiuj ci, or ci iiuj, these :
— estas pli bona, prenu
gin, that one is better,
take it ; cu vi vidas — n
knahon ? do you see that
boy % — j ci knabinoj estas
pli altaj ol — j, these girls
are taller than those.
— , kiu ; — n, kiu ; — ,
kiun, — n, kiun, — , kiu
deziras felicon devas . . .
or, kiu deziras felicon^
153
TIZAN-0
TRAF-I
— devas, he who desires
happiness, must ; alfortu
— 7?, kiu estas ajpud vi,
bring that one, which is
near you ; — , kiun vi
vidas, the one which you
see ; li prenu — -jn, kiujn
li volos, let him take
those which he will
(prefer).
tizan-o, decoction, tisane.
toast-o, toast.
tog-o, toga.
tol-o, linen-cloth ; — ajo,
linen.
toler-?, to tolerate ; — o,
tolerance ; — a, of toler-
ance ; — ema, tolerant ;
— ebla, tolerable ; ne
— ebla, intolerable.
tom-o, tome, volume.
tomat-o, tomato.
tomb-o, tomb, grave ; en
— igi, to entomb.
uombak-o, tombac, alloy of
copper and zin^..
tombol-o, tombola (lottery).
ton-o, tone (mus.).
tond-i, to shear ; — o, shear-
ing ; — isto, shearer (pro-
fessional); — ilo, scissors,
shears ; — masino, shear-
ing machine.
tondr-i, to thunder; — o,
thunder ; fulmo — o,
thunderstorm.
tonsur-o, tonsure.
topaz-o, topaz.
topografi-o, topography.
toit-o, torch.
tord-i, to twist ; — o, twist-
ing, wringing (noun) ;
— a, crooked ; — eco,
crookedness.
toreador-o, toreador.
torent-o, torrent.
torf-o, peat, turf.
tori-o, thorium.
torn-f, to turn with a lathe;
— isfo, turner.
tornistr-o, knapsack.
torped-o, torpedo.
torso, torso.
tort-o, tart, fruit-pie.
*tra, through, across ; — e,
' right through ; — iri, to
traverse, to go through ;
— piki, to pierce through
and through ; — irejo, a
passage.
trab-o, beam (wood) ; — eto,
cross-beam; —a/o, timber-
work, framework; — aro,
raft of wood.
tradici-o, tradition.
traduk-i, to translate ; — o,
— ado, translation ; — isto,
translator ; — anto, the
one translating then ;
— into, he who has trans-
lated.
traf-i, to reach, to attain
the goal ; — o, the act
the aim ;
of reaching
154
TRAGEDI-0
TREF-0
mal — i, to miss one's
aim.
tragedi-o, tragedy; — r/, tra-
gical ; — isto, tragedian.
tiaĥe-o, trachea, wind-pipe.
trajn-o, artillery train.
trajt-o, feature, lineament,
trait.
trakt-i, to treat of (a sub-
ject, a matter) ; pri — i,
to touch upon.
traktat-o, treatise, essay ;
convention.
tram-o, tram ; — vojo, tram-
way ; — veturilo, tram-
car ; — caro, tram-truck.
tranĉ-i, to cut, to sever;
—0, the act of cutting,
severing; — ajo, a cut, a
slice, etc. ; — ilo, a knife ;
— ilego, big knife, cut-
lass ; — ilefo, penknife ;
al — i, to cut to required
size and form ; al— isto,
a cutter ; —ado, pro-
longed cutting, acute
colic ; — rando, the sharp
edge of any cutting tool
or knife.
tranĉe-o, trench (milit.), en-
trenchment lines.
trankvil-a, calm, tranquil,
easy in mind ; — o, calm,
tranquility (in general) ;
— eco, state of calmness ;
mal — a, uneasy, restless ;
mal — 0, uneasiness, rest-
lessness ; mal— eco, state
of uneasiness ; — igi, to
tranquillise, to calm ;
— icji, to get calm, to
become easy in mind ;
mal — igi, to make un-
easy; mal — igi, to be
uneasy, to fret.
^trans, across; — a, from
the other side ; — e,
across {adv.) ; — en,
across (where one goes) ;
— pmii, to transfer ;
— loki, to displace ;
— migri, to emigrate ;
— logigi, to transplant,
to move somebody to
another residence ; — iri,
to cross over ; — sargi,
to tranship ; — jeti, to
throw across, to throw
over; — skrihi, to tran-
scribe ; — igi, to trans-
mit ; — fluganta Mr do,
bird of passage ; nĉ
— irehla, impassable.
transcend-a, transcend-
ental.
trapez-o, trapezium.
trat-f, to draw (a bill) ;
— anto, the drawer of ,
— ato, the drawer.
travesti-o, travesty.
*tre, very, much ; mi tre
amas lin, I like him
much ; — ege, extremely.
tief-o, clubs (at cards).
155
TREM-I
TROPIK-0
trem-?, to tremble ; — o,
— ado, trembling, shak-
ing ; eh — ^, to wince, to
begin to quake ; — eti, to
shudder ; — frosto, cold,
tremor, feverishness.
tremolo, aspen (tree).
tremp-f, to dip, in a liquid,
to immerse ; — <?, immer-
sion.
tren-i, to crawl, to drag
oneself along; — ic/i, to
crawl, to drag along ;
— ajo, tail, train (of
dress, etc.) ; post — i, to
tug ; — sipo, tugboat.
trezor-o, treasure.
■^tri, three ; — o, trio ; — a,
third ; — ono, third part ;
— obla, triple ; — dento,
trident; — piedo, tripod ;
— uno, trinity ; — folio,
clover, trefoil ; — angiiJo,
triangle ; — angula, tri-
angular,
tribun-o, rostrum, gallery.
tribunal-o, tribunal.
tribut-o, tribute.
tricikl-o, tricycle.
trifoli-o, trefoil, clover.
trigonometri-o, trigonome-
try-
trik-z, to knit ; — ilo, knitt-
ing needle ; — antino, a
knitting woman.
trikot-o, piece of knitting,
knitted work.
tril 0, trill [mm.).
trink-i, to drink ; — ejo,
watering pond, horse
pond ; — igi, to water
animals, to give to
drink.
trip-*?;', tripe.
tritik-o, wheat.
triumf-o, triumph ; — a,
triumphal ; — ĉ, trium-
phally ; — i, to triumph.
trivial-a, trivial ; — eco,
triviality.
"*^tro, too, too much ; — a,
excessive ; — e, in ex-
cess {adv.) ; — rapida,
hurried ; — fidema, too
sanguine (of success,etc.);
— memfida, presumptu-
ous, self-confident;
— grandigi, to exagger-
ate ; — grandigo, exag-
geration ; — uzi, to abuse
of, to use with excess ;
— uzo, excessive use.
trofe-o, trophy.
trog-o, trough, manger.
troke-o, trochee (pvs.).
tromb-o, water-spout.
trombon-o, trombone.
tromp-^, to deceive; — c,
deceit ; — anto, deceiver ;
— igi, to be mistaken.
tron-o, throne.
trop-o, trope.
tropik-o, tropic; — a, trop-
ical.
156
TROT-I
TURMENT-I
trot-r, to trot; — o, trotting
(7l6>//7l).
trotuar-0, pavement, side-
walk.
trov-i, to find ; — igi, to be
found, to find oneself, to
be situated ; — ajo, a
find ; el — i, to discover
el — 0, discovery ; hon — i,
to think proper to.
tru-o, hole ; huton — o,
l>uttonhole ; naz — o,
nostril ; — eto, pore (of
the skin).
trud-^, to impose, to force
upon ; — erna, importun-
ate, insisting in trying
to force upon ; al — i, to
impose, to insist upon
making one take ; — peti,
to importune, to worry.
truf-6>, truffle.
trul-^, trowel.
trump-o, large horn.
trumpet-^?, trumpet ; — i,
to blow the trumpet ;
— isto, trumpeter.
trunk-(7, trunk (of a tree) ;
— eto, stem (of a plant,
etc.).
trup-6», company of actors.
trut-o, trout.
tualet-o, toilet; — ejo, dress-
ing-room.
tub-o, tube, pipe, flue ; 7>?^>rt
— 0, stem of a pipe ; — eto,
faucet, small pipe or tube.
tuber-o, bulb, knot (in
trees) ; ligno — c, a knot
in wood.
tuberkul-o, tubercle, tuber-
cule.
tuberkuloz-o, tuberculosis.
tuf-o, tuft.
*tiij, at once, immediately;
- — a, immediate.
tuk-o, piece of linen ; tahlo
— 0, table-cloth ; kol — o,
fichu, neckerchief ; bus
— 0, serviette ; tualet — o,
towel ; naz — o, handker-
chief ; antau — o, apron.
txu-o, tulle.
tulip-6>, tulip.
tumult-o, tumult; — a,
tumultuous.
tunel-o, tunnel.
tunik-o, tunic.
tup-o, a top (toy).
tur-o, tower; cef — o, dun-
geon ; — eto, turret.
turb-o, periwinkle (small
shell-fish).
turban-o, turban.
turbin-(?, turbine.
turd-(?, thrush.
turism-^, tourism
turist-o, tourist.
Turk-fl^, Turkish (adj.); — o,
a Turk ; — ujo, lando,
Tuikey.
turkis-o, turquoise.
turment-i, to torment ; — o,
torment.
157
TURN-I
UM-
turn-i, to turn ; sin — i, to
turn oneself; — iĝi, to
revolve as on a pivot,
or axis ; el — igi, to get
through, to extricate
oneself ; el — igo, subter-
fuge ; el — igema, able
to extricate himself ;
ŝraŭh — ilo, screw-driver ;
— kruco, turnstile;
— akvo, vortex.
turnir-o, tournament.
turt-o, dove ; — ino, female
dove.
tus-t, to cough; — 0,
cough.
tuŝ-i, to touch ; — anta,
touching ; kor — anta,
moving (emotional) ;
kor — eco, emotion ; kor
— igi, to be moved ; — eti,
to touch lightly; inter —
igi, to touch one an-
other.
tut-fl, entire, total, intact;
— eco, total, whole (noun);
— 0, the whole ; — e,
quite, entirely.
-u, shows the imperative-
mood : Amu vian pat-
ron, love your father ;
si venu, let her come ; mi
volas ke vi venu, I wish
that you come (i.e. I
wish you to come).
-uj-, suffix of bearing, etc.,
containing: p-uno, plum;
prun — 0, plum tree;
Anglo, Englishman;
Angl — 0, England ;
sukero, sugar ; suker — o,
sugar-basin.
uj-o, a receptacle (noun).
ukaz-o, ukase (of the Czar).
-ul-, suffix showing the per-
son characterised by the
root-word : beta, fine ;
bel — 0, a beau ; hel — ivo,
a belle ; sankta, holy,
sainted ; sankt — o, a
saint ; rica, rich ; ric — o,
a rich man ; malrica,
poor ; malric — o, poor
man.
ulan-o, uhlan.
ulcer-o, ulcer.
uleks-o, furze, gorse, whin.
ulm-o, elm.
uln-^, ell (measure).
ultimatum-o, ultimatum.
ultramar-a (ddj-), ultra-
marine (colour).
um-, suffix not much used,
which like ye among pre-
positions, has not any
definite meaning as an
158
UMBILIK-0
URN-0
cos-
— a,
affix : kolo^ neck ; kol — o,
collar ; kruc — o, cross ;
kruc — i, to crucify.
umbilik-o, navel; — asnuro,
umbilical cord.
unc-o, ounce.
ung-o, nail (of finger) ;
— ego, claw, talon.
uniform-o, uniform,
tume.
univers-o, universe ,
of the universe.
aniversal-a, universal.
universitat-o, university ;
— a, of university ; — ano,
one belonging to a uni-
versity.
*unu, one; — a, fi r s t,
initial ; — e, firstly, first ;
— 0, unit ; La — o de longo,
de suprajo, de ampIeJcso, de
pezo, the unit of length,
surface, volume, weight ;
— eco, uniqueness, unity ;
la dogmo de V — eco de Dio,
the dogma of the unity
of God; also union: —
la plej intima — eco, the
most intimate union ;
— eco donas fortecon,
union gives strength ;
— igi, to unite : IJanimo,
estas — igita hin la kmyo,
the soul is united to the
body ; La — igitaj ŝtatoj
Amerikaj, the United
States of America;
— igita familio, a united
family ; — igi also means
to unify, to make one;
igi, to unite together, to
be combined ; not in the
sense of marriage which
is edzigi; — igo, union,
unification that one
operates ; — igo, union,
or unification under-
gone ; — olila, single,
simple, not multiple ;
— voce, unanimously,
with one voice; — forma,
uniform {adj.) ; — seksa,
unisexual; tri — o.
Trinity ; — igo jmta
universa la, universal
postal union.
upup-o, hoopoo.
ur-o, vu'e-ox.
uragan-o, hurricane.
uran-o, uranium.
urb-o, town, city ; — a,
urban, of town ; cef — o,
capital, chief city ; antaŭ
■ — 0, suburb.
vocg-i, to be urgent or press-
ing ; — a, — anta, ur-
gent.
urin-i, to make water ; — o,
urine ; — a, urinous ;
— ejo, urinal ; — tuho,
urethra ; — ajo, urea.
urjadnik-t), Cossack sub-
officer.
urn-(9, urn.
159
UROGAL-0
VALS-I
urogal-0, heath-cock, sort
of grouse.
urs-o, bear (animal) ; — iiio,
she-bear.
urtik-o, nettle.
-us, is the termination of
the conditional : Hon ci
mi far — , se mi pov — ,
this I would do, if I
could.
uter-o, womb ; — a, of the
womb, uterine.
util-(i, useful ; — o, advan-
tage, interest ; la lingvo
inter nacia celas la — on
de riiomaro,, the inter-
national language aims
at the advantage of man-
kind ; — eco, usefulness ;
— i, to be of use ; inal
— i, to be noxious ; mal
— a, noxious, prejudicial;
sen — a, useless ; mal — o,
eco,
ajo,
inconvenience ; sen-
uselessuess; sen
useless thing.
utopi-(?, Utopia ; — isto,
utopist.
uvertur-(>, overture (mus.).
uz-i, to use, to employ ;
— 0, — ado, use, employ ;
fari — on el, to make use
of ; mi faros — on el la
oJcazo, I shall take this
opportunity; — a/o, uten-
sil ; ti'o — -i, to abuse ;
tro — 0, abuse, excess in
anything; el — ita, worn
out by excessive use.
uzurp-^, to usurp ; — o,
usurpation; — ulo,
usurper.
vad-^, to wade.
vafl-o, waffle.
vag-i, to roam, to wander
about ; — isto, tramp,
vagabon d, vagran t.
vagon-o, railway carriage ;
— aro, train.
vak-i, to be vacant ; — anta,
open, vacant, void :
—antaĵo, vacancy.
vakcini-o, whortleberry,
cowberry.
— tolo, oil-
-0, sealing-
-eto, a
vaks-o, Avax ;
cloth ; sigel-
wax.
val-o, a valley ;
vale.
valerian-o, valerian (bot.).
valiz-o, portmanteau, valise,
valor-i, to be worth ; — o,
value.
vals-z, to waltz ; — o, a
waltz — anio, waltz-
er.
160
Vi^LUT-O
VAST-A
valut-0, value, standard
valuation.
vampir-o, vampire.
van-a, vain, fruitless ; — ĉ,
in vain ; — ĉco, vanity,
uselessness.
vanadi-o, vanadium.
vandal-o, vandal ; — eco,
vandalism.
vandalism-o, vandalism.
vanel-o, lapwing, peewit.
vang-<?, cheek ; — haroj,
whiskers ; posta — o, but-
tock.
vanil-o, vanilla.
vant-d, futile, empty of
value ; si havas la gusion
de V — aj aferaj, she is
fond of frivolous things ;
— eco, frivolity, futility ;
— ajo, futile thing, frivol-
ous act.
vapor-o, vapour, steam ;
— a, vaporous ; — igi, to
vaporize ; — igi, to be-
come vaporous ; — igo,
vaporization; — sipo,
steamboat.
varb-f, to enlist, to recruit ;
— 0, ado, enlistment, re-
cruiting ; — ito, a recruit.
variaci-o, variation.
variant-o, variant.
variol-o, small-pox, variola ;
— ulo, one suffering from
small-pox.
varm-ti, warm ; — o.
warmth, heat ; -^eco,
state of warmth; — igi,
to warm ; — igi, to get
warm, to warm oneself ;
mal — a, cold ; mal — o,
cold (noun), coldness ;
mal — eco, cold state ;
mal — igi, to cool some-
thing, etc. ; mal — igi, to
get cold ; mal — umi, to
catch cold ; mal — umx),
a cold ; — ejo, a hot-
house ; — ega, hot, burn-
ing ;_ —egigi, to grow
burning hot ; — eg eco,
state of what is burning
hot ; — eta, cool.
vart-i, to nurse (a child) ;
— isiino, nurse for chil-
dren.
vasal-o, vassal ; — eco, vas-
salage.
vast-«, vast, spacious, ex-
tensive ; — eco, vastness,
extent ; — igi, to spread,
to make vast ; — igo, ex-
tension that one gives ;
— igo, action of expand-
ing; — e, spaciously, ex-
tensively ; mal — a, of
small extent ; mal — eco,
small extent; mal — igi,
to limit the size ; plimal
— igi, to make more
limited in extent; mal
— igo, the act of making
limited in size ; mal — igo,
161
VAT-0
VEND-I
the becoming limited in
size or area ; plimal — igo,
the making more limited
in extent ; plimal — igo,
the becoming m.ore
limited in size, area,
extent ; plimal — iga, re-
strictive.
vsbt-o, wadding ; — i, to
pad, to wad.
7atikan-o, Vatican.
vaz-o, vase ; lav — o, basin
(for ablutions).
vazelin-{?, vaseline.
vazistas-o, casement win-
dow.
■^ve ! woe ! (ho ve I alas !),
veget-i, to vegetate ; — ado,
vegetation ; — ajo, vege-
table (noun) ; — aja,
vegetable (adj.) ; — iga,
vegetative.
vegetar-rt (adj.), vegetarian ;
— isto, a vegetarian.
vegetarism-o, vegetarian-
ism.
vejn-o, vein ; — a, veinous,
veined, venous, venal ;
— i, to vein ; — eto, small
vein.
vek-i, to awake, to cause
to awake from sleep ;
— 0, act of waking some
one ; — igi, to awake ;
— igo, awakening;
— horlogOf alarum
clock.
vekt-o, beam (between
scales) for weighing.
vel-c/, boat sail.
velen-o, vellum.
velk-i, to fade, to fade
away.
velociped-o, velocipede.
velur-o, velvet.
ven-i, to come ; — o, the
coming ; de — i, to come
from, to derive from, to
be the result of ; de — o,
• origin ; de — a, original ;
de — igi, to make derive
from, to cause to come
from ; de — igado, deri-
vation ; vorto de — igita,
a derivative word; el — i,
to come out of, to pro-
ceed from ; el — o, the
fact of coming out of,
etc. ; al — i, to arrive ;
al — 0, arrival ; en — i, to
come into ; kun — i, to
assemble together; Jcun
— 0, assemblage, meeting
together ; vesperkun — o,
evening reunion; inferkun
— 0, rendezvous ; senre
— 0, without return.
vend-z, to sell ; — o, — ado,
sale ; — ebla, saleable ;
Tie — ebla, unsaleable;
— isto, vendor, trades-
man ; re — i, to sell again ;
re — isto, second-hand
dealer ; detala — isto, re-
162
VENDRED-O
VERM-0
tailer ; puhlika — o, sale
by auction ; pogrande
— isto, wholesale dealer.
vendred-o, Friday.
venen-o, venom, poison,
virus ; — a, venomous,
poisonous ; — i, to poison.
vener-a, venereal.
venĝ-i, to avenge ; — u min,
avenge me ; li — os sin al
vi, he will avenge him-
self on you ; — ema, vin-
dictive, vengeful ; — emo,
propensity to take re-
venge ; — ebla, that may
be avenged ; — inch, that
deserves vengeance.
venk-i, to vanquish, to
conquer, to overcome ;
— 0, victory ; — anto,
victor, conqueror; — into,
one that has conquered ;
— signo, trophy.
vent-o, wind ; — ego, tem-
pest, hurricane; /wr?zo — o,
whirlwind ; — o favora,
fair wind ; — as, it is
windy ; — umi, to ven-
tilate, to use a fan ;
— umilo, fan ; — oflago,
weathercock, vane ; — eto,
a breeze.
ventol-z, to air, to ventilate,
by draughts ; — ilo, ven-
tilator.
ventr-o, belly, abdomen ;
— a, abdominal ; dik — a.
dube — a, greenish.
big-bellied ; — oparolisto,
ventriloquist.
ver-a, true ; — o, truth :
— eco, truthfulness ; — e,
truly ; — sajno, likeli-
hood ; — ŝajna, likely ;
— ema, veracious ; ne
— sajna, — e, unlikely.
verand-o, veranda.
verb-o, verb.
verben-o, yerbena, vervain.
verd-a, green ; — o, green
(the colour) ; — ajo,
verdure ; — i, to be ver-
dant ; — anta (adj.),
verdant; — igi, to grow
green
veidigX'O, verdigris.
verdikt 0, verdict.
veig-o, birch, rod; — ajo,
small branches ; — i, to
birch, to cane ; — eto, a
sprig, a small rod.
verk-z", to compose (literary
or musical work) ; — o,
work {liter, or mus.) ;
— ado, composition (the
act) (liter, or mus.); — isto,
composer or writer (pro-
fessional) ; — anto, one
in the act of composing ;
— into, the composer of
any such work finished.
verm-o, worm ; — eto, small
worm ; — forma, worm-
like ; — etforma, ver-
micular; kontrail — a, ver-
163
VERMlĜEL-0
VEZIK-0
mif uge ; kontraŭ — aĵo,
vermifuge (noun).
vermicel-o, vermicelli.
vermut-o, vermouth.
vers-(?, verse; — ajo, piece
of verse ; — ^, to write
verse, to versify ; — isto,
versifier.
verst-o, verst (Russian
measure).
verŝ-e, to pour; dis — ^, to
spill ; sur — i, to water ;
— ilo^ watering can ;
ofer — 0, libation.
vert-o, sinciput, forepart of
the head.
vertag-o, terrier, badger-
dog.
vertebr-o, vertebra ; — a,
— hava^ vertebrate {adj.).
vertikal-a, vertical.
vertrag-(?, greyhound.
veruk-o, wart.
vesp-(?, wasp; — ejo^ wasp's
nest.
vesper-o, evening ; — e, je
V — 0, in the evening
during the evening, at
eventide ; — a, of the
evening.
vespert-o, bat (animal).
vest-i, to dress, to clothe ;
— 0, coat ; —ado, act of
dressing ; sen — igi, to
undress ; sen — igi, to
undress oneself; mi — as
la jpiedojn, I put on boots
1
or shoes; mi sen — igoA
la piedojn, I take off my
boots or shoes ; — ejo,
vestiary; — otenejo, ward-
robe ; — ajo, clothing.
vestibl-o, vestibule.
veŝt-o, vest, waistcoat.
vet-i, to bet ; — a, of
bet ; — 0, bet ; — e, emu-
lously ; — batali, to com-
pete.
veter-o, weather; — a, of
the weather ; la — o estas
bela hodiaŭ, or estas bele
Jwdiau, the weather is
fine to-day, or it is fine
to-day.
veteran-o, veteran.
veterinar-a, veterinary.
vetur-i, to go anywhere
by means of a vehicle
(carriage, rail, boat,
etc.) ; — ilo, carriage or
ordinary vehicle ; pvs
— ilo, wheelbarrow ;
glit — ilo, sledge; — ilaro,
a train of waggons,
etc. ; — igi, to cart, to
drive ; — igisto, coach-
man, driver ; tra — i, to
go through by carriage,
rail, boat, etc.; ek — i, to
start (by carriage, rail,
boat, etc.) ; man — ilo, a
truck.
vezik-o, bladder ; — eto,
vesicle.
64
VEZIR-0
VIOL-0
vezir-0, vizier.
*vi, you, thou, thee; via,
your, yours, thy, thine.
viadukt-o, viaduct.
viand-o, viand, edible flesh ;
— manganta, carnivor-
ous.
vibr-i, to vibrate; — ado,
vibration.
viburn-o, viburnum, guel-
der-rose.
vic-o, rank, line, turn; — e,
in turn ; lau — o, in turn ;
— prezidanto, vice-presi-
dent.
vici-o, vetch (vicia).
vid-i, to see; — o, sight,
view; — ado, sense of
sight ; — ilo, a spy -glass ;
— ajo, things seen ; ek — i,
to perceive ; — igi, to be
seen, to be noticed;
— iĝo, aspect; bon — iga,
bel-—iĝa, of fine, beauti-
ful aspect, seemly ;
— ebla, visible ; — eble,
visibly ; ne — ebla, in-
visible ; ne — ebleco, in-
visibleness; — inda,
worth seeing; — indajo,
thing worth seeing (curi-
osity) ; antau — i, to fore-
see ; antau — o, foresight ;
inter — igo, interview ;
ce — e, ce — a, at sight.
vidv-o, widower ; — ino, a
widow ; — eco, widow-
hood ; — a, man or
woman in a state of
widowhood (adj.).
vigl-a, alert, wakeful,
nimble ; — igi, to make
alert, nimble, etc.
vikari-o, curate.
vikun-o, vicuna ; — lano,
vicuna wool.
vil-o, hairiness.
vilaĝ-o, village ; — ano,
villager.
vill-o, a villa.
vin-o, wine; — bero, grapes;
— berejo, vineyard ; ber-
ujo, vine ; — berkulturo,
culture of the vine ; ber-
kulturisto, vine-grower ;
sek — bero, dry grapes,
raisins ; — vendisto, — isto,
wine merchant; —far ado,
wine making.
vinagr-o, vinegar.
vind-i, to swaddle ; — o,
swaddling cloth.
vinjet-f?, vignette.
vink-o, periwinkle (ever-
green creeper).
vinkt-i, to rivet; — o,
clinch, rivet.
vintr-o, winter; — a, of
winter, wintry, winterly;
tra — i, to hibernate.
viol-o, violet ; — koloro,
violet (noun) the colour ;
—a, violet
— kolora^
{adj.).
165
VIOLON-0
VOJAĜ-1
violon-0, violin ; — isfOy
violin-player.
violonĉel-o, violoncello ;
— isto, violoncello
player.
vip-o, whip ; — i, to whip.
viper-o, viper.
vir-o, man (male) ; — ino,
woman; — igo, puberty;
— igi, to become a man ;
— inigi, to attain woman-
hood.
vivg-a, virginal (odj.);
— eco, virginity ; — ulo,
virginal man ; — ulino,
a virgin ; mal — igi, to
violate.
virt-o, virtue ; — a, of vir-
tue, virtuous ; mal — o,
vice ; 7nal — a, vicious, of
vice.
virtuoz-o, virtuoso ; — eco,
virtuosity.
visk-o, mistletoe.
viski-o, whisky.
vist-o, whist.
vis-?, to wipe ; de — i, to
wipe with ; — ilo, towel,
piece of linen to wipe
with ; man — ilo, hand-
towel.
vitr-ĉ), glass (material) ; — i,
to glaze ; — igi, to
vitrify ; ohd — oj, spec-
tacles.
vitriol-o, vitriol.
viv-i, to live; — o, life;
'>, of life, alive, lively;
diim — a, for life, life
(adj.); mal — a, dead
(adj.), gis — i, to live to,
till ; post — i, to sur-
vive ; t7'a — i, to live
through ; dum — a rento,
dum — a rentumo, life an-
nuity.
viz-^, to rise, to sign,
countersign a passport,
etc.; — 0, vise.
vizaĝ-o, face, visage
vizi-o, a vision.
vizier-o, vizor (of a helmet).
vizit-z, to visit, to go and
see ; — adi, to frequent ;
— 0, visit; — a?i^o, visitor.
VOĜ-0, voice, vote ; — a,
vocal, of the voice ; laŭt
— a, loud of voice ;
— doni, to vote; — don-
ado, act of
— done, by voting.
voj-o, way, road ; — eto,
path ; — iri, to go
journeying, to journey
along ; — iranto, the one
who journeys.
vojaĝ-i, to travel ; — o,
voyage, travel, journey ;
— a, of voyage ; — anto,
the traveller on his way;
— emxi, having a taste
for voyages ; — emo,
taste for travelling ; —
isto, commercial traveller.
voting
166
VOJEVOD-0
ZENIT-0
fOJevod-0, wayvode (Scla-
vonic commander or
ruler).
vok-i, to call ; — o, a call,
a summons ; al — i, to
call to oneself; al — o,
a call towards oneself;
el — i, to excite ; kun — i,
to convene, to convoke ;
Jcun — 0, convocation.
vokal-o, vowel.
vokativ-o, vocative (gram.).
vokt-o, bailiff, warden.
vol-i, to will, to be willing ;
— 0, will ; — ado, faculty
of will ; sen — a, involun-
tary ; sen — e, involun-
tarily ; mem — a, volun-
tary ; malbon — a, reluc-
tant ; mem — ulo, volun-
teer; mul — a, compelled;
Tcontrau — e, against one's
will (adv.); laŭ — e, at
will, at one's option ;
laŭ — a, optional ; laŭ
— eco, option.
volfram-o, wolfram.
volont-ĉ, willingly ; — a,
done willingly.
volum-o, volume (book).
volupt-o, volupty; — ema,
— ama, voluptuous.
volv-i, to roll something
round another thing ;
mal — i, to unroll ; en — i,
to envelop; hun — i, to
roll together ; dis — o,
devolution.
vom-i, to vomit ; — o,
— ado, vomiting ; — ilo,
vomitive (nmin).
vort-o, word ; — a, of word ;
— aro, dictionary ; radik
— 0, radiko, root word,
root ; — farado, word-
formation ; per malmultaj
— oj, in a few words ;
per unu — o, in one word ;
la — 0, the Word.
vost-o, tail ; — a, caudal ;
— hava, with a tail.
VTial-o, veil ; — i, to
veil.
vulgar-a, vulgar, common ;
— igi, to vulgarise.
vulkan-o, volcano ; — a,
volcanic.
vulp-o, fox ; — ino, female
fox.
vultur-o, vulture.
vund-i, to wound ; — o,
wound; — ehla, vulner-
able; hrul — 0, a burn,
burning.
zebr-o, zebra; — mo, female
zebra.
zelat-o, zealot, fanatic.
zenit-(>, zenith.
167
ZIBEL-0
ZUM-I
zibel-0, sable-martin; — ino,
(female).
zigzag-o, zigzag,
zingibr-o, ginger.
zink-c, zinc; — i, to cover
with zinc; — isio, zinc-
worker.
zirkon-o, zircon.
zirkoni-o, zirconium.
zizel-o, zizel.
zoark-o, blenny.
zodiak-ĉ?, zodiac.
zon-o, girdle, belt; — i, to
gird on.
zoologo-o, zoology.
zorg-i, to care for, to be
anxious about, to be
mindful of ; — anto,
guardian; — ato, ward;
— itaro, spiritual flock ;
— a, careful, mindful ;
sen — a, neglectful, care-
less ; antaŭ — o, precau-
tion, forethought.
zoster-o, sea-wrack, sea-
weed.
zuav-o, zouave.
zum-i, to hum, to buzz
(like flies).
Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty
at the Edinburgh University Press
.7- K^
?0^
Tlbc ffiritiĉb iĉeperanto aĉBociation
FOUNDED 14th OCTOBER 1904
IIo?t. President
Dr. LOUIS ZAMENHOF.
President
Lt.-Col. JOHN POLLEN, CLE., V.D., LL.D.
Offices of the Association, where all communications should be
addressed: 13 Arundel Street, London, W.C.
The British Esperanto Association is the Union of all Esperanto
Societies throughout the Empire, and has been established for the
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literature, correspondence, etc.
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There are some 60 Country Groups and Societies affi/iated
to the above Association, particulars of which can
be obtained at the Offices
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