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Full text of "Essential Russian-English dictionary" 

RUSSIAN-ENGLISH 





jPG 

12640 

E8 

c.2 

ROBA 



B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY, 
V. I. ZIMIN, E. Y. SOSENKO 



ESSENTIAL 
RUSSIAN-ENGLISH 
DICTIONARY 



PROGRESS PUBLISHERS 
Moscow 



PVCCKO-AHrJlHftCKHfl JIEKCHHECKHfi MHHHMVM 

ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS BY V. KOROTKY 

EDITED BY R. DIXON 
COVER DESIGNED BY B. TRIFONOV 




FOREWORD 

This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a 
teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.) outside Russian linguistic milieu. 

It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists 01 the commonest Russian words (vo- 
cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the 
words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words 
but their uses as well. 

The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the 
meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary, 
semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jno6oBi> K po- 
flHHe love for one's country, c^eJiaxt BLIBOA to draw a conclusion, coBepmiiTt no- 
cxynoK to perform an action, KaK sac 30Byx? What is your name?, Mw onosfla- 
JIH K na^ajiy cneKTaKJifl We were late for the performance, etc. A number of 
words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative 
expressions containing these words are given, e.g. JlLex KaK 113 Be^pa It is 
raining cats and dogs, Bcero xopomero All the best, VM xopomo, a flBa jiynrae 
Two heads are better than one, etc. 

The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words. 

At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which 
widen the scope of the vocabulary. 

It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic- 
tionary will provide the necessary foundation for conversation on various 
everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals 
without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often. 

Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in 
its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech 
it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest 
of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as 
separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in 
the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary 
is based on an exact word count. 

The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals, 
pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives 
have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article 
define them clearly enough. 

Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu- 
liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of 
an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. KOH|en, gen. -na,end) or genitive 
plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -OK, stick; OKHO, gen. pi. OKOH, window) is supplied. 

The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full. 

Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl. 

All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. BO^a, 
ace. Bofly, water; CTOJI, gen. cxojia, pi. CTOJILI, table; etc. 

Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter and plural 
endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are 

1* 



irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form 
adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones. 

Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive 
and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by 
the feminine, neuter and plural forms. 

Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons 
singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are 
specially marked, e.g. npOAOJiwaTbCfl to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no- 
6e;jHTL to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation 
of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is 
formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (BCSTI! 
to carry sea, eeajia; BBHTB to take BBHJI, B3HJia). Irregular formations of the 
imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6iiTh to beat 6en. 

Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec- 
tive verbs only the infinitive is given, with reference to the imperfective for 
meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective 
forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms. 

After the imperfective forms questions are supplied helping to determine 
the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter- 
part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one 
of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning. 

When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is 
always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun- 
terpart in one meaning and a different one in another. 

Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given 
after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives. 

Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously 
with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered 
as separate words, e.g. ine'ji (from HATH to go), Btinie (from BBICOKHH high), 
MHC (from H /), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini- 
tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as 
independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. JHO^II people, jiynme better, 
etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their 
principal forms. 

Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all. 

In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically. 

In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de- 
noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural. 
These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec- 
tives, e.g. $paHqy3 Frenchman, $paHn;yjKeHKa Frenchwoman; (JjpanijysM the French, 
(DpanijHH France; ^panuyacKHH French. 

Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given. 

Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked 
['], the secondary p ]. All the words without independent stress should be 
merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as xaK JKC, na CTOJI, He 6bur, 
ee cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets. 

The Compilers 



THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET 



A a 


p p 


B 6 


C c 


B B 


T T 


r r 


y y 


fl 


<D $ 


E e 


X x 


E e 


ij q 


}K >K 


^ q 


3 3 


ffl m 


H H 


n^ m 


H ii 


T, 


K K 


BI H 


JI a 


b 


M M 


9 9 


H H 


IO K) 


o 


H H 


n n 





ABBREVIATIONS 



ace., accusative 
adj., adjective 
adv., adverb 
ant., antonym 
collog., colloquial 
comp., comparative 
conj., conjunction 
dot., dative 
/., feminine 
fig., figurative 
jut., future 
gen., genitive 
imp., imperfective 
iniper., imperative 
impers., impersonal 
indecl., indeclinable 
inf., infinitive 
instr., instrumental 
lit., literal 
m., masculine 



n., noun 
neut., neuter 
num., numeral 
p., perfective 
paren., parenthetic 
pyrt., participle 
pers., person 
philos., philosophy 
pi., plural 
poss., possessive 
pred., predicate 
predic., predicative 
prep., preposition 
prepos., prepositional 
pron., pronoun 
q. v., which see 
sing., singular 
superl., superlative 
usu., usually 



A, a 

A conj. and 

H ynycb B yHHBepcHxexe, a He B HH- 
cxnxyxe. / study at a university, 
and not at an institute. Mbi Hsy^aeM 

pyCCKHH H3LIK, a OHH aHrJIPlHCKHH. 

We study Russian and they, English. 

ABryCT m., no pi. August 

CeroflHH flecfixoe asrycxa. Today is 
the tenth of August. H npiiexan B 
asrycxe. / came in August, fl npn- 
exa;i AecHxoro asrycxa. / came on 
the tenth of August. 

ABTOBYC m. bus 

Exaxb na aBx66yce. To go by bus. 
B aBx66yce MHOFO napofly. There 
are many people in the bus. 

ABTOMAT m. automatic machine 
Tejie^oH-aBTOMax. Public telephone. 
CxaHOK-aBXOMax. Automatic machine- 
tool. 

ABTOMOEfiJIb m. motor-car 

Exaxb na aBTOMo6njie. To go by 
car. 

ABTOP m. author 

ABTOP KHHm. The author of a book. 

ABTOPy^lKA /., gen. pi. -GK foun- 
tain-pen 

IlHcaTi, aBTOpy^KOH. To write with 
a fountain-pen. 

ArPECCflBHI blfl, -aa, -oe, -tie aggres- 
sive 

ArpeccHBHan nomiTHKa. An aggres- 
sive policy. 

AFPOHGM m. agronomist 

PaSoxaib arponoMOM. To work as 
an agronomist. 

AJJPEC m., pi. -a address 

J^auie Mne sam a^pec. Give me your 
address. IIocjiaTb nncbMo no a^pe- 
cy. To send a letter to an address. 

AKAflEMHH /. academy 

AKafle"MHfl HayK. The Academy of 
Sciences. 



aKa^eMUH. The Agricultural Academy. 
y^HTbca B ana^eMHH. To study at 
an academy. 

AKKYPATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue, short 
form aKKypaxen, aKKypaxnla, -o, 
-LI; adv. aKKypaxno painstaking, 
punctual 

AKKypaxHMH cxyAenx. A painstak- 
ing, punctual student. ILffcaxb aK- 
KypaxHO. To write carefully. 

AHAJIH3 m. analysis 

AnajiHS H cimxes. Analysis and 
synthesis. AnajiHS MejKAynapoflHoro 
noJiOJKeHHH. An analysis of the in- 
ternational situation. 

<0 Atia.iH3 KpOBH. Blood test. 

AHFflHA /., no pi. tonsillitis 

y Menfi anrHHa. / have tonsillitis. 
Bonexb anrHHOH. To be ill with 
tonsillitis. 

AHEJIbCflH m. orange 

BKycHHH anejibCHH. A tasty orange. 
KnjiorpaMM anejibCHHOB. A kilo- 
gramme of oranges. 

AnJIOAflPIOBATb, . yK; , -yeuib, -yiox 
imp. KOMy? ne My? to applaud 
AnjioflnpOBaxb apxiicxy. To applaud 
an actor. 

AIIIIETflT m. appetite 

XopomHH annexiix. A good appe- 
tite. IIpHHXHoro annexHxa! / wish 
you a good appetite! 

AHPfiJIb m., no pi. April 

CeroAHfl nepBoe anpena. Today is 
the first of April. OH npneAex B 
anpeJie. He will come in April. 
^Ba^ijaxb Tpexbero anpena MH es- 
AHJIH na 3KCKypcmo. We went on 
an excursion on the twenty-third of 
April. 

AHTEKA /. chemist's 

fleJKypnaH anxena. Duty chemist's. 
IIoKynaxb JieKapcxsa B anxeKe. To 
buy medicine at a chemist's shop. 

APE #3 m. water-melon 

ap6ya. A ripe water-melon. 



APE 



BE3 



yrox 



APECT|OBATb, -yro, -yemt, 
imp. & p. KOTO? to arrest 
Apecxosaxb npecxynHHKa. To arrest 
a criminal. 

APMHH /. army 

CnJibHaa apMHfl. A strong army. 

APTflCT m. actor 

Apxncx KHHO. A cinema actor. Ha- 
poflHtiH apxricx GCCP. A People's 
Artist of the USSR. 

APXHTEKTOP m. architect 

FjiaBHtiH apxiixeKxop. The chief 
architect. IIpoeKX apxnxeKxopa. The 
architect's project. 

ACHHPAHT m. post-graduate student 
Acnnpanx Ka<f>eApw MaxeMaxHKH. 
A post-graduate of the Mathematics 
Chair. 

ATOM m. atom 

ATOM BOAOpOAa. A hydrogen atom. 

ATOMH|blfl, -aa, -oe, -tie atomic 
AxoMHaa aneprnH. Atomic energy. 
AxoMHaa ajieKxpocxaHn.HH. An atom- 
ic power-station. ATOMHWH Jieo- 
KOJI. An atomic ice-breaker. AXOM- 
nafl 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. 

AyAHTOPHfl /. 

1. lecture-room. Tlnxaa ayAH 
Lecture-room No. 5. Mti 
MaeMCH B xpexbefi 

We have our lessons in Boom 
Three. 

2. audience. BHHMaxejibHaa ayAH- 
TopHH. An attentive audience. 

A3PO^POM m. aerodrome 

Ha aapOApoMe. At the. aerodrome. 

Exaife na aapoApoM. To drive to 

the aerodrome. 
A3POIIOPT m., prepos. B aaponopiy 

airport 

BcTpeiaib AOJiera^Hio B aaponopxy. 

To meet a delegation at the airport. 



B, 6 

BABYmiKA /., gen. pi. -CK grand- 
mother 
BA3A /. 

1. basis. 9KOHOMHHecKaa 6aaa. An 
economic basis. 

2. base. BoeHHaa 6aaa. A military 
base. 

BAJI m., prepos. ua 6ajiv & o 6aJie; 
pi. -BI ball 



OHH noanaKOMHJiHCB na 6a;iy. They 

met at a ball. 
BAJIET m. ballet 

HOBBIH 6ajiei. A new ballet. CMO- 

Tpext 6ajiex. To see a ballet. I!OHTH 

Ha 6ajiex. To go to a ballet. 
BAJIKpH m. balcony 

BWHTH Ha 6ajiKOH. To come (go) out 

on to the balcony. 
BAHK m. bank 

FocyflapCTBeHHbiH 6aHK. The State 

Bank. Han,noHajii>HBiH 6aHK. The 

National Bank. 
BAH|KA /., gen. pi. -OK jar 

CTeKJiHHHaa 6aHKa. A glass jar. 
BiHH /. bath-house 
BACKETBOJI m., no pi. basket-ball 

Hrpaxb B 6acKei66ji. To play bas- 

ket-bfll. 
BACCEflH m. 

1. swimming-pool. IIjiaBaTb B 6ac- 
ceime. To swim in a swimming- 
pool. 

2. basin. KaMeHHoyroJibHtiii 6ac- 
ceHH. A coal basin. 

EAlH|HH /., gen. pi. -en tower 

BwcoKaa Samna. A high tower. 

KpeMJie'scKiie Samnn. The Kremlin 

towers. 
BEFA|Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. to run 

,D|eTH 6eraiOT B ca#y. The children 

ore running about in the garden. 
BE^A /., pi. 6eRU misfortune, trouble 

.ZJpyr noMor MHC B 6e^,e. My friend 

helped me in my need. 
EE.ZJHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form 

6eA6H, 6eHa, 6eAH|o, -H; adv. OCAHO 

1. poor. BeAnaa cxpana. A poor 
country. OH 6tui 6eAHO OACT. 
He was poorly dressed. 

2. jig. poor. V nero 6eAHoe B0o6- 
pajKeHHC. He has a poor imagi- 
nation. 

3. fig., only complete form poor. 
BeAHaa weHmnna! Ona noxepajia 
ctma. The poor woman! She has 
lost her son. 

EEJKATb, 6ery, 6e>KHmb, 6eryx imp. 

1. to run. CnopxcMen 6e>KHx 6ti ex- 
po. The sportsman runs quickly. 

2. fig. to fly. BpeMa 6euix. Time 
flies. 

BE3 prep, -f- gen. without 

^an 6ea caxapa. Tea without sugar. 
XoAHXb 6ea raanKH. To go without 
a cap. 



BE3 



BHJI 



<> Eea HHTH MirayT BOceMb. Five 
minutes to eight. Hex ;^biivia 6ea 
ornfl (proverb). There is no smoke 
without a fire. 

EE3PAE6TH|blfl m., gen. -oro unem- 
ployed person 
OH 6e3pa66xHBiH. He is unemployed. 

EEJI|blft, -aa, -oe, -we white 

EeJiaa cnaxepxB. A white table-cloth. 
O Eejibiii xjie6. White bread. 

BEJIbE neut., no pi. underwear; linen 
HajjexB qiicxoe 6ejiBe. To put on 
clean underwear. OT,n;aTb Sejite B 
CTHpny. To give out one's washing. 
IIocxeJiBHoe 6ejn>e. Bed-linen. 

BEPEF m., prepos. o 6epere & na 6e- 
pery; pi. -a bank, shore 
Eeper peKH. The bank of the river. 
Eeper oaepa. The shore of the lake. 
OxflBixaxB na 6epery Mopa. To rest 
at the seaside. 

EEPEHb, 6epery, 6epe>KemL, 6eperyx, 
past 6eper, 6eperji|a, -6, -ii imp. 
K o r 6? H T o? to take care (of) 
Beperwxe sflopoBBe. Take care of 
your health. EepeHB Aexeii. To take 
care of the children. Bepe^B 
BpeMH. To make the most of one's 
time. 

EECEJJA /. conversation 

.ZJpyjKecKaa Secejja. A friendly con- 
versation. BecTii 6eceAy. To carry 
on a conversation. 



-yio, -yemb, -yiOT mp. 

C K6M? ROM? HCM?//?. DO- 

6ecefl|OBaTb, -yro, -yemt, -yiox to 

talk 

H Sece^yio c TOBapnmeM o HOBOH 

KHnre. / am talking about a new book 

with my friend. 

BECKOHEHH|blfl, -aa, -oe, -we, short 
form SecKOHenen, 6ecKOHeHH|a, -o, 
-LI 

1. endless. BecKOHe^naa paBHHHa. 
An endless plain. 

2. endless. BecKOHe^HLiH cnop. An 
endless argument. 

3. infinite. Mnp 6ecKOHeHen. The 
world is infinite. 

BECnAPTflflH|blfl m., gen. -oro non- 
party 
OH 6ecnapTHHHHH. He belongs to no 

EECIIJlATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie; adv. 
6ecnjiaxHO free, gratis 



BecnjiaxHoe o6yieHHe. Free educa- 
tion. Becn^axnoe MeflimaHCKoe 06- 
CJiyjKHBaHiie. Free medical service. 
Oxfluxaxb 6ecnjiaxHo B canaxopuH. 
To have free lodgings and board in 
a sanatorium. 

EECIIOKplHTbCH, -rocb, 
-axca imp. o KOM? o 

1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno- 
KOHXbca o Aexax. To worry about 
the children. BecnoKonxtca o 
s/iopoBLe. To be concerned with 
one's health. 

2. to bother. He 6ecnoKoiixecB, a 
caM 3x0 Cflejiaio. Don't bother, 
I'll do it myself. 

EECnOKOflH|blH, -aa, -oe, -Lie; adv. 
6ecnoKOHHO 

1. restless. BecnoKOHHaa 
A restless life. 

2. restless. BeciiOKOHHBifi 
A restless person. 

3. fig. agitated. BecnoKOHHoe Mope. 
A choppy sea. 

EECIIOJIE3H|bIH, -aa, -oe, -tie, short 
form Secnojieaen, 6ecnojre3ii|a, -o, 
-BI; adv. 6ecnojie3HO useless 
BecnojiesHoe saHHxne. A useless 
occupation. 

EECnOMOmH|blR, -aa, -oe, -tie, short 
form 6ecnoMOmeH, 6ecnoMOin,H|a, -o, 
-H; adv. 6ecnoMoni;HO helpless 
EecnoMomHbiii pe6e'HOK. A helpless 
child. 

EECIIOPfl^lOK m., gen. -Ka disorder 
BecnopaAOK B KOMHaxe. Disorder 
in the room. 

EHEJIHOTEKA /. library 

Haynnaa 6n6JiHOxeKa. A scientific 
literature library. IIy6jiHHHaa 6116- 
JiHOxena. A public library. BpaxB 
KHHm B SnSjTHOxeKe. To borrow 
books from a library. 

EHJIET m. 

1. ticket. BHJICX B xeaxp, B KHHO, 
Ha KOHU,epx; na noeafl, na napo- 
XOA, Ha caMOJiex. A ticket for the 
theatre, for the cinema, for a con- 
cert; for a train, for a ship, for 
a plane. 

2. card. IlapxHHHBiH 6nJiex. A party 
membership card. IIpHrJiacMTeJiB- 
HBIH 6njiex. An invitation card. 
CxyjjeHHecKHH 6njiex. A stu- 
dent's card. 

3. 3K3aMeHan,HOHHBiH 6njiex. A 



EIIO 



10 



BOJI 



question-paper (for oral examina- 
tions). 
BHOrPAOHH /. biography 

PaccKaaaib Snorpajiiio. To tell one's 
biography. 

EHTb, 6b|ro, -emb, -IOT; imper. 6ea imp. 

1 . K o r 6? H e M? n o n e M y? to 

beat. OH SHJI coCany najiKOH no 

cnHHe. He beat the dog on the 

back with a stick. 

2. HTO? HGM? p. pasoiiTb, pa- 
3o6b|K>, -einb, -IOT to break. 

Pa36HTb CTGKJIO KaMHCM. To 

break a pane with a stone. Paa- 
6irrb cxaKan. To break a glass. 

3. KOTO? p. pasSi'iTb to defeat. 
PaaSHTb Bpara. To defeat the 
enemy. 

4. p. npo60Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. npo6b|e'T, -IOT 
to strike. BbiOT nacti KpeMJies- 
CKOH 6amHH. The clock of the 
Kremlin tower is striking. 

EfiTbCH, 6b|rocb, -erabCH, -men imp. 

1. to beat. Cepflije Cmjiocb. The 
heart was beating. 

2. to struggle. OH flOJiro 6iijiCH na^; 
pemeHHeM sa^a^n. He wrestled 
with the problem for a long time. 

EJIArOftAPlfiTb, -K), -limb, -HT imp. 
KOTO? HTO? 3 a HTO?//?. no6;ia- 
roaap|HTb, -jo, -nmb, -HT to thank 
Bjiarojjapro sac aa BHHMaHHe. (I) 
thank you for your attention. 

EJTArpJJAPH prep. + dat. thanks to, 
owing to 

EjiaroflapH ynopnoMy Tpy^y OHH 
BtipacTHJiH SoraTbiH ypo?Kaa. Thanks 
to persistent work they've grown a 
rich crop. 

EJIE,HH|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp./ p. 
no6jieflHe|Tb, -ro, -emb, -KDT to turn 
pale 

IIo6jieflHeTb OT CTpaxa. To blanch 
with terror. 

, -aH, -oe, -we, short form 
, 6jieAH|o, -bi; adv. 



1. pale. Eji^flHoe JIH^6. A pale face. 
EjieflHtiH OT BOJineHHfl. Pale 
with excitement. 

2. fig. colourless. EJI^AHWH OTB^T. 
A colourless answer. 

EJIE|CTETb, -m.y, -CTHmb, -CTHT or -my, 
6jiem.emb, 6ji6m,yT, 1st & 2nd pers. 
rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle 



Gner GJICCTHT Ha coJrane. The snow 
Is sparkling in the sun. Tjiaaa y Hee 
6;iecTHT OT pa^ocTH. Her eyes are 
sparkling with joy. 
EJIECTIII^lHfl, -an, -ee, -ne 

1. shining. EjiecTHin,HH npeffM^T. 
A shining object. 

2. fig. brilliant. EjiecTflmae ycne- 
XH. Brilliant success. EjiecTflm,HH 
OTB6T. A splendid answer. 

EJIfl3K|HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
6JIH30K, 6;iH3Ka, 6jiH3K|o, -H; adv. 
6JIH3KO; comp. SJIHJKC 

1. near. EjiHSKaH AGP^BHH. A near 
village. Jlec H pena SJIHSKO. The 
river and the forest are close by. 

H >KHBy 6JIH3KO OT yHHBCpCHTe- 

Ta. / live near the university. 

2. fig* close. EJIH3KHH flpyr. A 
close friend. 



neut. 

1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6^16^0. A 
porcelain dish. 

2. course. IlepBoe 6jii6,n;o. The first 
course. OSefl H3 Tpex 61110^. A 
three-course dinner. 

EOF [6oxl m., gen. pi. -OB God 

BepHTb B 66 ra. To believe in God. 
EOrATCTBO neut. 

1. wealth. OrpoMnoe 6oraTCTBo. 
Great wealth. 

2. pi. resources. HpHpoAHue 6oraT- 
CTBa. Natural resources. 

EOrAT|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
6or^i, -a, -o, -bi 

1. rich. BoraTbiH HCJIOB^K. A rich 
person . 

2. fig. rich. BoraTbiH ypoHtan, 
yjiOB. A rich harvest, catch. 

EOfl m., prepos. B 6016 & o 66e; pi. 

6on, 6oe'B battle 

noniSnyTb B 6oro. To die in bat- 

tle. Ha nojie 66fl. On the battle- 

field. 
BOK m., prepos. B (na) 6oKy; pi. - side 

JIe?Ka"Tb na Sony. To lie on one's 

side. IIoBepHyTbCfl SOKOM. To turn 

side-ways. 
EOJIEE adv. more 

EoJiee BbicoKHH. Taller. EoJiee HH- 

TepeCHbiH. More interesting. 

<> Ten Gojiee (^TO). The more so; 

especially as. Bojiee HJIH MCHCC. 

More or less. 
EOJlESHb /. disease, illness 



EOJI 



11 



BOH 



6ojie3Hb. A grave 
disease. 

BOJIEH, 6ojiBH|a, -6, -BI short adj. used 
as predic. ill (c/. BOJlbHOfl) 
fl doJieH. / am ill. Ona 6ojibHa ywe 
AaBHo. She has been ill for a long 
time. 

EOJIElTb 1 , -K), -emb, -K>T imp. HOM? 
to be ill 

Eojiexb AOJiro. To be ill for a Long 
time. Eojiexb rpnnnoM. To be ill 
with the 'flu. ft 6ojieJi aHnmoH. / 
had a sore throat. 

EOJI|ETb 2 , 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -lix, -ax imp. to hurt, to ache 
y MGHH SOJIHT nora. My leg hurts 
me. y MeHH SOJIHT rojiosa . / have a 
headache, y nero GojieJin 3y6ti. 
He had a toothache, y Hee SOJIIIT 
ropjio. She has a sore throat. 

EOJIbHflIJA /. hospital 

FopOACKaa 6ojiBHHn,a. A city hospi- 
tal. Jle/KaxB B 6ojibHriue. To be in 
hospital. 

EOJIbHO 

1. adv. badly. MaJiBHim SOJIBHO 
ymnScH. The boy hurt himself 
badly. 

2. predic. impers. it hurts. Mne 

SOJIBHO. It hurts me. 
EOJIbH|Ofl, -aa, -6e, -we 

1. sick, bad, diseased. BoJibnan 
AeBOHKa. A sick girl. BOJIBHOC 
cepAi;e. A bad heart. 

2. fig. sore. BOJIBHOH sonpoc. A 
sore problem. 3xo ero SOJILHOC 
Mecro. This is his sore spot. 

BOJIbH|Ofl ra., gen. -oro; 6ojiBHJafl 
/., gen. -OH, pi. -we, gen. -LIX sick 
person, patient 

BOJIBHOH jiemiiT B 6ojiBHiin,e. The 
patient is in hospital. Bpan ocMax- 
piiBaeT 6ojiBHoro. The doctor is 
examining the patient. 

EOJIblHE 

1. comp. of oo.ibinoii bigger. MOCK- 
Ba 66jiBme JleHHHrpaAa. Moscow 
is bigger than Leningrad. 

2. comp. of MHoro more. OH ana ex 
66jiBme, HCM a (6oJiBrae MCHH). 
He knows more than I do. 

<> Eojibine Bcero. Most of all. 

3. adv. more. BoJiBme Hex BonpocoB? 
No more questions? H SoJiBme lie 
Mory. / can't endure it any 
longer. 



neut., no pi. ma- 



students go in for 
lie, comp. 66jiB- 



EOJIbfflHHCTBO 

jority, most 
BOJIBHIHHCXBO 
cnopxoM. Most 
sports. 

BOJIbraiOH, -an, -6e, 
me (q. v.) 

1. big, large. BOJIBHIOH AOM. A big 
house. BojiBmaa pena. A large 
river. 

2. great. BojiBmaa pa^ocxB. A great 
ioy. 

BOMB'A /. bomb 

AxoMHaH 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. 

BoflopoAHaa 6oM6a. A hydrogen 

bomb. BaopsaxB 6oM6y. To explode 

a bomb. 
EOP|ED( m., gen. -na fighter 

Eopen; aa CBoSoAY- A fighter for 

freedom. Bopn,bi 3a MHp. Champions 

of peace. 
EOPOTbCH, 6opiocB, 66peniBCH, 66- 

pioxcH imp. s a H x 6? 3 a K o r 6? 

npoxHB nero? npoxHB KO- 

TO? c K e M? c H e M? to fight, to 

struggle 

BopoxbCH c BparoM. To fight the 

enemy. BopoxbCH c 6ojie3HHMii. 

To fight disease. Bopoxbca sa Mtip. 

To fight for peace. 

BOPbBA /., no pi. 3 a ixo? 3 a 
KOTO? npoxHB nerd? npo- 

XHB KOTO? C K6M? C HCM? 

1. fight, struggle. BopbSa sa Heaa- 
BiicHMOCXb. Struggle for independ- 
ence. Bopb6a npoxHB Bpardfi. 
The fight against the enemies. 
KjiaccoBaa 6opB6a. Class struggle. 
IIojiHXHHecKafl 6opB6a. A politi- 
cal struggle. 

2. wrestling. KjiaccEraecKan 6opB- 
6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. BOJIB- 
Haa 6opb6a. Free style wrestling. 

EOTflH|KH pi., gen. pi. -OK; sing. 

-OK, gen. -Ka boots 

Kynnxb SOXHHKH. To buy boots. 

BOXHHKH copOK Bxoporo pasMepa. 

Size number forty -two boots. 
EO|#TbCH, -rocb, -nmbca, -HXCH imp. 

KOTO? Her 6? &-J- inf. to be 

afraid, to fear 

Boflxbca npocxyflbi. To fear a chill. 

BoHXbca Moppsa. To be afraid of 

the frost. BoaxbCH 3a6ojiexb. To be 

afraid of falling ill. H Sorocb, HXO 



EPA 



12 



BYJI 



Ha noe3A. / arn afraid I'll 
miss the train. 

<> BOJIKOB 6OHTbCfl B J16C HC 

xozUxTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven- 
ture, nothing have. /Jejio Macxepa 
GdHTCfl (proverb). Gf. He works best 
who knows his trade. 

BPAT m., pi. 6paxba, 6paxteB 
brother 

CxapniHH 6paT. The elder (eldest) 
brother. MjiaflmiiH 6pax. The young- 
er (youngest) brother. 
<> PoAHoii 6pa-r. Brother. RBOW- 
pOAHbiii 6pax. (First) cousin. 

EPATB, 6ep|y, -enib, -yx, past 6paji, 
6pa;ia, 6pa;i|o, -H imp. H x o? KO- 
r 6?//>. B3HTt, B03bM|y, -e'fflb, -yx, 

past B3HJI, B3HJI3, B3HJl|0, -H 

1. to take. OH 6epex KHIIFH co 
CTOJia. He is taking the books 
off the table. 

2. 3 a HTO? to take. Epaxb KOFO- 
Hi^yAb sa pyny. To take some- 
body by the hand. 

3. to borrow. Epaxb KHiirn B 606- 
JiHOTeKe. To borrow books from 
the library. 

<> BaflTb ceSfl B pyKH. To pull 
oneself together. Ba/iTb CJIOBO. To 
take the floor. 

BPATfcCfl, 6ep|yci>, -eniLca, -yxca, 
past 6pajic, 6paJi|act, -ocb, -HCI> 
imp. sa KOTO? 3a HTO ?//>. 

B3flTbCH, B03bM|yCb, -eiHbCH, -yTCH, 
past B3HJICH, B3HJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb 

1. to take hold of. OH BSHJICH 3a 
pynny ftBepH. He took hold of 
the handle of the door. 

2. fig. to apply oneself (to). OH ro- 
pHHo B3Jica sa pa66xy. He set 
about the work enthusiastically. 

BPHFAAA /. team 

Bparafla pa66^HX. A team of workers. 

BPHTbCfl, 6pe|iocb, -embcfl, -IOTCH 
imp. HCM?//?. no6pHTbCH, no6pe|- 
iocb, -erabCH, -IOTCH to shave 

Bbi 6peexecb B napnKMaxepCKOH? 

Hex, a 6p6rocb caM. "Do you 
shave at a barber's?" "No, I shave 
myself." 

BPOB|b /., gen. pi. -6n eyebrow 

Hepnbie 6poBH. Black eyebrows. 

XMypnxb 6p6fiH. To knit one's 

brows. 
EPOftfiTB, 6po?Ky, 

imp. to roam 



Mu Aoiro 6pOAHJiH no jiecy. We 
roamed the forest for a long time. 
EPOCA|TB, -K>, -emb, -iox imp. / 
p. 6p6|cnxb, -my, -cnmb, -cax 

1. KOTO? HTO? Ky^a? to throw. 
Bpocuxb pw6y B Boay. To throw 
a fish into the water. H e M? B 
KOTO? BO HTO? Bpocuxb 
KaMHeM B OKHO. To throw a 
stone at a window. 

2. -f- inf. to give up. Bpocnxb Ky- 
piixb. To give up smoking. 

<> BpocaTb cjiosa na sexep. To 
talk at random. 

EPOCA|TBCH, -iocb, -enibca, -roxca 
imp. Ky^a? Ha Koro?//>. 6po|- 
cnxbca, -mycb, -ciimbca, -caxca to 
throw oneself (on), to attack 
Co6afta 6p6cnJiacb Ha nejioBCKa. The 
dog attacked the man. Bpociixbca 
B Mope. To throw oneself into the 
sea. 

BPOCHTB see BPOCATB 

BPOCHTBCH see BPOCATBCH 

BPIOKH no sing., gen. pi. 6piOK trou- 
sers 
MyjKCKHe 6pioKH. Men's trousers. 

BY^flTB, 6y>Ky, 6yAHHib, 6yaT imp. 
KOTO? I p. pas6yABTb, pas6y}Ky, 
pa36yAHnib, pa36y#Hx to wake 
Pa36yAHXb xoBapnma. To wake up 
a friend. 

con/, as if 

OH paccKasbiBaex xaK HHxepecno, 
6yATO caM see axo BiiAeji. He has 
such an interesting way of telling 
things as though he had actually 
seen them himself. 

Ey^ymiEE neut., gen. -ero the fu- 
ture 

,0,exH Haine 6yaymee. Children 
are our future. B 6yAymeM. In the 
future. 

EyftymiHft, -aa, -ee, -ne future; 
next 

ByAymaa pa6dxa. Future work. B 
6yAymeM rofly. Next year. 

E^KBA /. letter 

B pyccKOM aji$aBHxe 33 6yKBbi. 
There are 33 letters in the Russian 
alhabet. 



/., gen. pi. -OK roll 
CA66naa 6y;iKa. A bun. 

-DIH-] /., gen. -OH bakery 
xjre6a B 6yjioHHOH. To buy 
some bread at the baker's. 



EYM 



13 



BA5K 



EYMAFA /. 

1. no pL paper. Hiicxaa 6yMara. 
Clean paper. ByMara fljia iracb- 
Ma. Note-paper. 
2.: IJeHHbie 6vMarn. Securities. 

/. storm 
CiiJibHaa 6ypa. A violent storm. 
<> Bypn B cxaKane BOAW. A storm 
in a teacup. 
ByTEPBP04 m. sandwich 

Byxep6poA c MacjioM. Bread and 
butter. EyxepSpdfl c BexHHHOH. A 
ham sandwich. 

EyTKlJIlKA /., gen. pi. -OK bottle 
EyxMjma MOjioKa. A bottle of milk, 
m. 

1. sideboard. B 6y$exe cxoax Ham- 
KH H cxaKanbi. There are cups 
and glasses in the sideboard. 

2. buffet. Ey$ex pa66xaex c 9 *iacoB. 
The buffet is open from 9 o'clock. 

Ebl (B) modal particle, rendered in 
English by the Conditional Mood and 
also by the compound pronouns and 
adverbs whoever, whatever, however, 
whenever, etc. 

I. 1. ECJIH 6w a snaji, a 6bi nosBO- 
HHJI xe6e. Had I known, I would 
have called you up. 

2. JlexoM a xoxeji 6bi noexaxb B 
JleHHHrpa^;. / should like to go 
to Leningrad in summer. 

3. nie'ji 6i>i xbi cnaxbl You ought 
to go to bed! 

II. 1. KTO 6ti MOP axo cji,eJiaTb? Whoever 

could have done that? 
BLIBA|Tb, -ro, -emL, -K>T imp. 

1. to go, to visit. H Hacxo 

B xeaxpe. / often go to the 
theatre. 

2. to be, to occur. SHMOH 6biBaiox 
6ojn>nrae Mopoau. There are 
severe frosts in winter. 

BKlCTP|blfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form 
6mcxp, 6i>icxpa, 6Licxp|o, -H; adv. 
6bicxpo quick, swift 
BticxpaH pena. A swift river. EBICX- 
po exaxb. To go quickly. 

BLITb, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense 
ecxb is often omitted; fut. 6y^|y, 
-erab, -yx; past SHJI, 6wjia, SHJIO, 
6bijiH; ee 6biJi (-0, -H), ne 6mia 
imp. 

1. there is (are). B MOCKBG ecxb 
yHHBepCHxex. There is a univer- 
sity in Moscow. Panbme 3,n;ecb 



6biji Jiec, a xenepb ropOA. There 
used to be a forest here, and now 
there is a town. B MOCKBC MHOFO 
xeaxpOB. There are many theatres 
in Moscow. 

2. to have. Y Meaa ecxb 6pax. / 
have a brother. V Mena 6biJi 
6pax. / had a brother. 

3. to be (ecxb is omitted). Cefinac 
3HMa. It is winter now. Bnepa 
6biJi cner. There was snow yester- 
day. B^epa 6buia naxmina, ce- 
rdflna cy666xa, a 3asxpa 6yn;ex 
BOCKpecenbe. Yesterday was Fri- 
day, today is Saturday and to- 
morrow will be Sunday. 

4. to be (ecxb is omitted) Mofi 6pax 
HHJKenep. My brother is an en- 
gineer. MOH oxen; 6biji 

My father was a doctor. H 
arpoaoMOM. / shall be an agrono- 
mist. 

B, B 

B (BO) prep. 
I. -f- prepos. 

1. in. B nncbMeimoM cxone. In 
the desk. >Knxb B MOCKBC. To 
live in Moscow. HpOHHxaxb B ra- 
3exe. To read in a newspaper. 

2. in. PoflHXbca B 1949 ro^y. To 



BBKB. In 



II. 



be born in 1949. B asrycxe. In 

August. B nponijioM 

the last century. 
3. in. HejioBeK B HepnoM 

A man in a black suit. 
-face. 
1 



in, to, at. HojioJKHXb B niKa(|). 
To put in the wardrobe. EpHexaxb 
B MocKBy. To come to Moscow. 

2. on, at. B cy666xy B xpn ^aca 
6ysex co6paHHe. There will be a 
meeting at three o'clock en 
Saturday. 

3. not translated. IlepenbinojiHHXb 
njian B .n^a pasa. To fulfil a 
plan twofold. 

BArpH m. (railway) carriage 

JKecxKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail- 
way carriage. MarKHH Baron. A soft- 
seated railway carriage. 

BA3KH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
BajKen, sajKHa, Ba>KH|o, -H; adv. 

BaJKHO 

1. important. BajKnoe coo6meHne. 



BAH 



14 



BEP 



An important announcement (com- 
munication). Ba>KHLiH Bonpdc. 
An important question. 9xo He 
Ba>KHO. This is of no importance. 
2. important, pompous. OH TOBO- 
pnji c Ba?KHbiM BI'IAOM. He was 
speaking with an air of impor- 
tance. 
BAHHA /. bath 

HpHHHxb Banny. To take a bath. 
<> CoJiHe^Hbie namibi. Sun-baths. 
Bo3;iyiiiiibie isamibi. Air-baths. 
BAPEHjblfl, -an, -oe, -bie boiled 

Bape'Hoe MHCO. Boiled meat. 
BAPfiTb, Bapio, Bapnmb, Bapnx imp. 
qxo? I p. cBapiixb, cBapro, CBapumb, 
CB&PHX to boil, to cook 
Bapiixb Mflco. To boil meat. CBa- 
prixb cyn. To cook soup. Bapiixb 
o6eA- To cook dinner. 
BAIII, -a, -e, -H pron. your 

BOT Bama KOMHaxa. Here is your 
room. Kan same 3,n;opdBbe? How are 
you? 
BBEPX adv. Kya? up(ward) 

Civtoxpexb BBepx. To look up. Jle- 
xerb BBepx. To fly upward. 
BJJAJIft adv. rfle? in the distance 
BflajiH HOKaaaJiCfl ndes^. A train 
appeared in the distance. 
BJJAJIb adv. Ky^a? into the dis- 
tance 

CMOXpexb BA,ajib. To look into the 
distance. 
BflBOEM adv. two (together) 

Pa6dxaxb BABOCM. To work together 
(two persons). 
BJJOJIb prep. 4- gen. along 

Exaxb BAOJib 6epera Mopn. To drive 
along^ the sea coast. B^ojib floporn 
pacxyx ^epeBbH. There are trees 
along the road. 

adv. suddenly 

Bflpyr nomeji ^OWAB. Suddenly it 
started to rain. 

neut. t pi. Be^pa, Be^ep, BC'A- 
paM, etc. bucket 

Beapo BOAH. A bucketful of water. 
,D[ou{Ab JibGT KEK H3 nc;ipa. It 
is raining cats and dogs. 



1. conj. for. OH o6H3axe;ibHO npn- 
flex, Beflb OH anaex, HXO MM ero 
?K,n;eM. He will certainly come, for 
he knows that we are waiting for 
him. 



2. particle but. Beflb axo 

But this is the truth! 
BEJKJlHB|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short 

form BC>KJIHB, -a, -o, -bi; adt. Bem- 

JIHBO polite 

B&KJIHBLIH MajibHHK. A polite boy. 

BewjiHBO npocrixb. To ask politely. 
BESJJfi adv. r A e? everywhere 

Bes^e Jiewaji cner. There was snow 

everywhere. 
BE3|Tfl, -y, -enib, -yx, past B&B, BCS- 

Jija, -6, -ii imp. KOTO? H x o? 

Kyfl a? 

1. to take, to carry. Mamiina seaex 
MOJIOKO B rdpOA. The truck 
is carrying the milk to town. 
Beaxii peSenKa B canaxdpHH. To 
take the child to the sanatorium. 

2. imfers. KO My? to be lucky. EMy 
Beaex. He is lucky. MHO He 
fiesjio. / had no luck. 

BEK m., pi. -a, -OB century 

^BaAUaxwii B6K. The twentieth cen- 
tury. B nponiJioM BeKe. In the last 

century. 
BEJI|ETb, -K), -limb, -HX imp. & p. 

(past only p.) K o M y? q e M y? 

-j- inf. to order 

Maxb BeJieJia eMy HOHXH B Maraann. 

His mother told him to go to the 

shop. Ona Bejiejia, qxdSti OH nyniiji 

Macjia. She told him to buy some 

butter. 
BEJlflK, -a, -d, -H short adj. (cf. 

BOJIbUIOfl & BEJIflKHfl) too 

large 

KOCXIOM BBJIHK CMV. The suit is too 

large for him. Ty<f)JiH ea BCJIIIKII. 

The shoes are too large for her. 
BEJIflKlilfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

BejiHK, -a, -o, -H great 

BejiHKHii yHentiH. A great scholar. 
BEJIOCHIIEA m. bicycle 

HOBUH BeJiocHneA- A new bicycle. 

Exaxb na BejiocnneAe. To ride a 

bicycle. 
BEPA /., no pi. B KOTO? BO qxd? 

belief, faith 

Bepa B no6eAy- Belief in victory. 

Bepa B ^eJiOBCKa. Faith in man. 
BEPEB|KA /., gen. pi. -OK string, 

rope 

JJjTiiHHaH BepeBKa. A long piece of 

string. 
BfiP|HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HX imp. I p. no- 

Bep|HXb, -K), -HHIb, -HX 



BEP 



15 



BEH 



1. KOMV? ne My? to believe. H 
Te6e Bepro. I believe you. 

2. B KOTO? BO HTO? to have 
faith (in). BepHTb B napOA, B 
ero CHJibi. To have faith in the 
people, in their strength. 

BEPH|^Tb, -y, -e'fflb, -yx p. KOTO? 
^TO? KOMy? to return 
BepnyTb Aentra TOBapumy. To re- 
turn money to one's friend. 

BEPH|yTbCH, -ycb, -emtcH, -yicH p. 
K y A a? o T K y A a? to come back 
BepHyibCH AOMOH. To come back 
home. Bepny-rbCH H3 noesAKH. To 
come back from a trip. 

BEPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form 
Bepen, Bepna, Bepno, Bepnti; adv. 
Bepno 

1. faithful. BepnuH Apyr. A faith- 
ful friend. Bepno cJiyJKHTb na- 
pOAy. To serve the people faith- 
fully. 

2. correct. Bepnoe peraenne. The 
correct decision. BepnaH MHCJIB. 
The right idea. Bepno pemHTb 
saAany. To solve a problem cor- 
rectly. 

BEPOflTHO paren. word probably 

GerOAHH MBI, BepOHTHO, HOHA6M B 

KHHO. Today we shall probably go 
to the cinema. 
BEPTOJIET m % helicopter 

BepTOJICT HOBOH KOHCTpyKIJHH. A 

helicopter of a new design. 
BEPXH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 

1. upper. BepxHHH 3Ta?K. The upper 
storey. 

2. outdoor. BepXHee njiaxte. Out- 
door clothes. BepxHHH OAeJKAa. 
Outdoor clothes. 

BEPfflflHA /. top 

Bepmiraa Aepesa. The top of a tree. 

Bepmiina ropH. The top of a moun- 
tain. 
BEC m. weight 

Bee Tejia. The weight of a body. 

BontmoH sec. A great weight. 
BECEJIjblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 

Beceji, secejia, Becejijo, -H; adv. 

Becejio merry, gay 

BecejiLie CTyAeBTBi. Gay students. 

Becejian necHH. A merry song. MHO 

BeceJio. / feel gay. 
BEC^HHIHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne spring 

BeceHHHH ACHL. A spring day. 



Becennee c6jran.e. The spring sun. 
Becennee najitTo. A spring coat. 

BE|CHTb, -my, -cnmb, -CHT imp. to 
weigh 

Apoya BCCHT HHTB KiijiorpaMMOB. 
The water-melon weighs five kilo- 
grammes. 

BEC HA /., pi. BecHti spring 

BECHOfl adv. in spring 

BeciioH na HOJIHX Taei cner. In 
spring the snow thaws in the fields. 

BECTH, BeAl.Y, -emt, -VT, past BCJI, 
BeJi|a, -6, -IT imp. 

1 . K o r 6? H T o? K y A a? to take. 
Maib BeA&T peSe'HKa B ACTCKHH 
caA- The mother is taking her 
child to the kindergarten. 

2. HTO? to conduct. BCCTH ypOK. 
To conduct a lesson. 

<> BecTii XO3HHCTBO. To keep a 
house. 

3. to lead. KyAa BeAex 3Ta Aopo- 
ra? Where does this road lead to? 

<> BecTii ce6fl. To behave. PeSenoK 
B6A6T ce6a xopoino. The child 
behaves well. OH ne yMeeT BGCTH 
ce6fl. He can't behace himself. 
BECb (gen. Bcero), BCH (gen. Been), 
Bee (gen. Bcero), Bee (gen. Bcex) 
pron . 

1. all, whole. PaSoiaxB secb Aenb. 
To work the whole day. PaSoTaxb 
BCK) HO^b. To work the whole 
night. 

2. used as n. Bee everything. Bee 
B nopnAKe. Everything is all 
right. 

3. used as n. BCG everybody. Bee 
npHnuiii? Has everybody come? 

<> Bcero xopoinero! All the best! 

Bee epeMfl men AO^KAL. It was 

raining all the time. 
BET|EP m., gen. -pa wind 

IIoAyJi CHJibHbiH Beiep. A strong 

wind blew. 
BfiT|KA /., gen. pi. -OK 

1. branch. Bexna 6epe3bi. A branch 
of a birch-tree. 

2. branch-line. JKeJieanoAOpoJKHafl 
BeTKa. A railway branch-line. 

BEHEP m., pi. -a 

1. evening. IIpHHTH AOMOH B ceMb 
nacoB Be T iepa. To come home at 
seven o'clock in the evening. 

2. evening-party. IIpaaAHHHHLiH 

A festive evening. 



BEH 



16 



BHII 



Benep. A musical 
evening. JlnxepaxypHwii Benep. 
A literary evening. 
BEHEPHlHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 

1. evening. BenepHHH aapa. Eve- 
ning twilight. 

2. evening. Beiepnee njiaxbe. An 
evening dress. BenepHHH <a- 
KVJibxex. Evening department. 

BEHEPOM adv. in the evening 

H npnfly K BaM BeiepOM. / shall 
come to see you in the evening. Bie- 
pa Be^epoM y nac SBIJIH rocxn. We 
had guests yesterday evening. 

BEfflA|Tb, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. KO- 
TO? HTO? KyRa?/p. noBe|cHXB, 
-ray, -cnrab, -CHT to hang 
Bemaxb Kapxiiny na deny. To hang 
a picture on the wall. 

BEIIJECTBO neut. substance 

Tfie'pfloe BemecxBo. Solid substance. 
JKii/jKoe BenjecxBo. Liquid substance. 
Fa30o6pa3Hoe BenjecTBo. Gaseous 
substance. 

BEIIJIb /., gen. pi. -eii 

1. thing. HyjKiian BeiUB. A thing 
one needs. \\Usu.pl. uemn things. 

OXB63XH Bem.II Ha BOK3&JI. To 

take one's things to the station. 

2. thing. KoMnosHxop nanncaji xo- 
pomyio Bem.b. The composer 
wrote a good piece. 

B3AflMH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we mutual 

BsaHMHaH Jiio66Bb. Mutual love. 
B3BOJIHOBATB see BOJIHOBATb 
B3FJIHA m. 

1. look. IIpHCTaJIbnBIH B3FJIHA. A 

stare. HeJKHbiii BSFJIH^. An 
affectionate look. BpoCHTB 
BarJiflji;. To cast a glance. 

2. view. Hayqnwe BSFJIHABI. Scien- 
tific views. 

B3rJIHH$Tb, Bsrjiflny, BsrjiHHeraB, 

BsrJiHHyT p. naKoro? na HTO? 

to glance 

OH BsrJiHHVJi na ^acu. He looked 

at the clock. 

B3AOXH#Tb se e B3#bIXATb 
B3^bIXA|Tb, -K), ^-eraB, -rox imp./ 

p. B3Aoxn|yxB, -y, -e'mB, -yx to sigh 

FjiySoKo B3AOXHVXB. To heave a 

deep sigh. 

B30BTB see BCXO^flTb 
B3P(3CJI|blB[, -an, -oe, -we 

1. grown-up. BspocJiBin CBIH. A 
grown-up son. 



2. n. grown-up. GJiyraancn Bspoc- 

JIBIX! Listen to grown-ups! 
B3PbIB m. 

1. explosion. Bap MB 66M6BI. A 
bomb explosion. 

2. fig. outburst. BspBiB CMexa. An 
outburst of laughter. 

B3flTb see BPATb 
B3HTbCfl see BPATbCH 



1. look. SflOpoBMH BHA. A healthy 
look. EOJIBHOH BH.O;. An unhealthy 
look. 

2. view. KpacHBwn BH na ropo^. 
A beautiful view of the city. 

<> IlMexb B BHAy. To bear in mind. 
BHJJ 2 m. sort, kind, species 
BH.HEH, Biiflna, BHflHO, BHAHW short 

adf. visible 

Topozt BHflen c Mopn. The town 

can be seen from the sea. 
BH/JHO KOTO? H x o? predic. im- 

pers. (it is) visible 

OxcioAa A^JieKO BIIJJHO! You can see 

far into the distance from here! 

Ftaero ne BWJI,HO. Nothing is visible. 

Mne xopomd BITAHO. / can see 

well. 



-?Ky, -AHOIB, -RHT imp. 
KOTO? HXO?//>. yBH|,n;exB, -Hy, 
-anrab, -JJHX to see 
B OKHO H BHjKy cxapbiH napK. / see 
an old park through the window. 
HJIOXO Bi'mexb. To have poor eyesight. 
Paa sac BH,n;exb. / am glad to see 
you. 

BHCTb BC6 B P030BOM CB6TC. 

To see through rose-coloured spec- 
tacles. 

BflJJHMO par en. word apparently 
BHSHMO, axo 6wJi ee anaKOMWH. It 
must have been her acquaintance. 

Bll,0,H|I>lfl, -an, -oe, -bie eminent 
BH^HWH yqe'HBin. An eminent 
scientist. 

BflJI|KA /., gen. pi. -OK fork 

flaaxe, nowdJiyncxa, BHJiKy. Will 
you give me a fork, please? Ecxb 
BHJIKOH. To eat with a fork. 

BHHA /. fault 

3xo MOH BHHa. It is my fault. 3x0 
npOH3orajio no MOOH EHHO. It has 
happened through my fault. 

BHHO neut., pi. BHHa wine 

KpenKoe BHHO. Strong wine. CJia#- 



BHH 



17 



BHH 



Koe BHHO. Sweet wine. Cyxoe BHHO. 
Dry wine. 

BHHOBAT|blft, -aa, -oe, -bie, short 
form BHHOBaT, -a, -o, -fci 

1. guilty, fl BHHOBaT nepe,o; BaMH. 
/ am guilty towards you. OH H6 
BHHOBar. He is not guilty. 

2. fig., only complete form guilty. 
BnHOBaTbiii BsrjiHjj. A guilty 
look. BHHOBaToe BbipaJKenne JIH- 
n,a. A guilty expression on one's 
face. 

BHHOrPAJJ in., no pi. grapes; vine 
CJia/iKHH BHHorpafl. Sweet grapes. 

BH|CETb, -ray, -ciimb, -CHT imp. re? 
to hang 

IlaJibTo BHCIIT na BemaJiKe. The 
coat is hanging on a hanger. KapTa 
BHCFIT Ha CTGHG. The map is hang- 
ing on the wall. 

BKJIfOHAITb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. 

H T O?/ p. BKJIIOHJHTb, -y, -HHIb, -3T 

to switch on 

BKJiiOHHTb CB6T. To switch on the 

light. 

BKJIIOHfiTb see BKJIIOHATb 
BKYC m. 

1. taste. V cyna CTpaHHbiii BKyc. 
The soup tastes queer. 

2. fig. taste. OaeBaTt.cn co BKycoM. 
To dress with taste. V Hero 
xoporaHH BKyc. He has good 
taste. 

BKyCH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
BKVceH, BKycna, BKycH|o, -bi; adv. 
BKycHO tasty 

BKycHbifi saBTpaK. A tasty break- 
fast. Ona TOTOBHT BKycHO. She 
cooks tasty meals. 

BJIAftEITb, .JQ^ _ eraB) -wimp. H e M? 

1. to own. Bjia^eTL aeMJieii. To 
own land. 

2. fig. to know. BjianeTb nnocTpaH- 
HWM H3biKOM. To know a foreign 
language. 

BJlAH{H|blH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
BjiaweH, BJia>Kiia, BJia>KH|o, -w damp 
Bjia>KHbiH KJiHMaT. A damp climate. 
Bjia>KHaH TpflHKa. A damp rag. 

BJIACTb /. power 

BbiTb (cTOHTb) y BJiacxH. To be in 
power. BaHTb BJiacTb B CBOH pyKH. 
To take power into one's hands. 
ITpHHTW K BJiacTH. To come to power. 

BJIE3A|Tb, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. na 

HTO? BO HTO?/ p. BJI63|Tb, -y, 

24002 



-erab, -yT, past BJIOS, BjieaJiIa, -o, 
-H to climb 

MaJibHHK BJiea na Kpbiray. The boy 
climbed onto the roof. OH BJies B OKHO. 
He climbed in through the window 

BJIE3Tb see BJIESATb 

BJIHUHHE neut. influence 

OKasaTb BjiHHHHe na TOBapnma. To 
exert influence on a friend. EbiTfc 
noa BjiHHHiieM 6paTa. To be under 
the influence of one's brother. 

BJTIOEflTbCH see BJIIOEJItfTbCH 

BJlIOEJlHiTbCH, -iocb, -embCH, -IOTCH 
imp. B KOTO? BO ITO?//?. Bjiro- 

6l'lTbCH, BJIK)6jIl6cb, BJIK)6HrabCH, 

Bjji66HTCH to fall in love 

OH BjiK>6iijJCfl B MOW cecTpy. He 

fell in love with my sister. 

BMECTE adv. together 

Pa6oTaTb BMecTe. To work together. 

BMECTO prep. + gen. instead of 
BMecTO ypona cero^HH 6yfl;ex 9K- 
CKypcuH. There will be an excur- 
sion instead of the lesson today. 

BMEIHATbCH see BMEU1HBAT bCH 

BMEUlHBA|TbCH, -rocb, -erabCH, 

-IOTCH imp. BO HTO? / p. BM6- 

ma|TbCH, -rocb, -erabca, -IOTCH to 

interfere 

He BMemHBaHTecb ne B CBOC neJio. 

Don't interfere in what doesn't con- 

cern you. 
BHA^AJIE adv. at first, at the begin- 

ning 

BnaqaJie see CJiyraajin BHHMaTejib- 

HO. At first everybody listened at- 

tentively. 
BHE prep. -{-gen. outside 

Bne flOMa. Outside the house. 

<> Biie o^epejiH. Out of turn. 
BHECTfi see BHOCflTb 



, -HH, -ee, -ne 

1. outer, outward. 

2. external, foreign. BneraHHH no- 
jiHTHKa. Foreign policy. Bnera- 
HHH TOproBJifl. Foreign trade. 

BHH3 adv. K y fl a? down(ward) 

CnycTHTbCH BHH3. To come (go) down. 
BHH3y adv. r A e? below 

BHHSV TBKJia peKa. Down below 
flowed a river. 
BHHMAHHE neut. attention 

Attention! 06para,aTb 
Ha HTo-JiH6o. To pay 
attention to something. IIpHBJieKaTb 
. To attract attention. He 



BHH 



18 



B03 



oSpamaiixe BHHMaHHH. Don't pay 
attention. Ejiaroflapio sac sa BHH- 
MaHiie. Thank you for your attention. 

BHHMATEJIbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -me, 
short form BHHMaxejieH, BHHMaxeJib- 
H|a, -o, -bi; adv. BHHMaxejibHO atten- 
tive. BaHMaxeJibHbiH ynenHK. An 
attentive pupil. BmiMaxejibHO nnxaxb 
Kmiry. To read a book attentively. 

BHOCfiTb, BHomy, BHOcmnb, BHOCHT 
imp. KOTO? H x o? KyAa?/ 
p. BHec|X'f, -y, -enib, -yx, past BHCC, 
BHecji|a, -6, -ii 

BHGCTII Bemn B KOMHaxy. To carry 
the things into the room. 
<> BiiecTH npeAJiojKeime. To table 
a motion. 

BHYK m. grandson 

BIiyTPEHHIHft, -HH, -ee, -ne 

1. internal. BnyxpeHHHe 6oJie~3Hii. 
Internal diseases. 

2. internal. BHyxpeimee nojiOH^enne 
B cxpane. The internal situation 
in a country. BHVxpeHHHH EOJIH- 
XHKa. Internal policy. 

BHYTPfl 

1. adv. rjje? inside. EOJIHX BHVX- 
pii. It hurts inside. 

2. prep. -{- gen. inside. Bnyxpii 
KOMHaxbi. Inside the room. 

BHYTPb inside, into 

1. adv. KyAa?: IIpHHaxfc JienapcxBO 
Bnyxpi>. To take a medicine. 

2. prep, -\-gen.: 3arjiHH}'xi. BHyxps 

To look into the hall. 
/., gen. pi. -en granddaugh- 
ter 
BOBPEMH adv. in time 

IIpHHXH BoepeMH. To come in time. 
BO BPEMH prep, -j- gen. during 

Bo speMH BOHHLI. During the war. 
Bo BpeMfl nepepbisa. During the 
interval. 
BOBCE (HG) adv. at all 

OH BoBce ne flonxop, a HHJKenep. 
He is not a doctor at all, he is an 
engineer. 

BO-BTOPb'IX paren. word second(ly) 
Bo-nepBbix, a ycxaji, so-BxopHX, 
xo^y cnaxt. First, I'm tired, sec- 
ondly, I'm sleepy. 

BOJjA /., ace. Bojjy; pi. BOAW water 
Bozia. Cold water. Fopn- 
Hot water. MnnepdjibHaa 
Mineral water. OpyKXOBaH 



BO^a. Fruit drink. GxaKan 

A glass of water. 

<0> BUUTO CVXHM H3 KO^M. To come 

off unscathed. KaK ^BC KUIIJIII BO- 

flM. As like as two peas. Mnoro 

BOAbi yxeKJio. Much water has 

flowed under the bridges. 

BOjjflTb, BOJKy, BOAHHIb, BOAHT imp. 

1. KOTO? HXO? Ky.ua? to take. 
Bo^nxb flexen na nporyjiKy B 
napK. To take the children out for 
a walk in the park. 

2. ^ixo? to drive. BoAxb Manra- 
HV. To drive a car. 

BO|EBATb, -roro, -ioemb, -roiox imp. 
c K e M? c H e M? to fight 
Boesaxb c uparoM. To fight the 
enemy. 

BOEHHI blH, -an, -oe, -bie war, military 

1. BoeHHoe noJiojKeHHe. The mili- 
tary situation. BoeHnaa npo- 
MhimjieHHOCXb. War industry. 
BoeHHoe speMH. War time. 

2. n. Moii 6pax BoenHbin. My 
brother is in the army. 

B05K,H|b m., gen. -H leader 

Bo>KAb napojia. The leader of the 

BO3BPATfiTb see BO3BPAffliATb 
BOSBPATflTbCfl see BOSBPAmATb- 

CH 
BO3BPAmA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. 

KOTO? HXO? KO My?/ /?. B03Bpa|- 

xiixb, -my, -xiimb, -XHX to return 
BosBpaxHXb AOJir xoBapnnty. To 
return a debt to one's friend. 
BOSBPAHJAITbCH, -K> cb . -embCH, 
-loxcfl imp. Ky#a?^ oxKy^a?/ 

p. B03Bpa|XHXbCH, -myCb, -XHfflbCH, 

-XHXCH to come back 

BosBpamaxbca ^OMOH HS noxofla. 

To return home from a hike, 
m. air 
BO3Ayx. Pure air. GBGJKHH 

BO3yx. Fresh air. 

<> Ha CBeweM B03flyxe. In the open 

air. 
B03fiTb, Bo>Ky, Bosnmb, BOBHX imp. 

KOTO? HXO? to carry 

Maraimbi B03HX KHpnnqn. Lorries 

carry bricks. 
B03JIE 

1. adv. near. MaraHHa ocTaHOBH- 
jiacb BOSJie. The motor-car stop- 
ped near by. 

2. prep, -f gen. near. Ero OM Ha- 



BOS 



19 



BOP 



XOflHXCfl B03JI6 VHHBepCHXeXa. 

His house is near the University. 
B03MG3KHOCTb /. 

1. opportunity. MMeib BOSMOJK- 
Hocxb. To have an opportunity. 

JJaXb B03MOJKHOCXb KOMy-JIH0 

Cfle-naxb Hxo-JiH6o. To give some- 
body an opportunity to do some- 
thing. 

2. usu. pi. possibilities. Eojitnnie 
B03MO>KHOCTH. Great possibilities. 

B03M6>KH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short 

form B03MOJK6H, B03MOJKH|a, -0, -bi; 

adr. B03MOJKHO possible, probable 
BosMOJKHbia cjiynaa. A possible 
case. 9xo BnoJine BOSMOJKHO. That 
is quite possible. 

B03HHKA|Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -ex, -IOT imp. /p. 
B03HHKH|yxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -ex, -yx, past BOS- 
HHK, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH to appear 
3xo rocy^apCTBo BOSHHKJIO B xpexb- 
6M Bene. This state appeared in the 
third century. 

BOSHflKHyTb see BOSHHKATb 
B03PA3KA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 

KOMy? H3 ^TO?//>. B03pal3HXb, 

-my, -3umb, -SHT to reply, to object 
BospasHXb flOKJiajrqimy. To reply to 
the speaker. Bospasrixb Ha saMenanHe. 
To reply to a remark. ECJIH BLI ne 
BoapajKaexe... // you don't mind... 

B03PA3flTb see BO3PA3KATb 

B03PACT m. age 

.HexH mKoJibHoro Bospacxa. Children 
of school age. B sospacxe mecxH/je- 
CHXH Jiex. At the age of sixty. 

BOflHA / , pi. BOHHM war 

OG'baBHXb BOHHy. To declare war. 
IIorH6Hyxb na Bonne. To lose one's 
life in the war. 

BOflTfl see BXOAflTb 

BOK3AJI m. station 

JlenHHrpaACKHH BOKsajr. Leningrad 
Railway Station. Hoexaxb Ha BOK- 
. To go to the station. 



1. adv. round. THmana uoKpyr. 
There is silence all round. 

2. prep, -j- gen. round. BoKpyr 
ffOMa 6tiji caA- The house was 
surrounded by a garden. 

BOJIEflBOJI m. volley-ball 

Hrpaxb B BOJiendoJi. To play volley- 
ball. 

2* 



BOJIK m., gen. pi. -6fi wolf 

<> BOJIKOB 5OHTbCH B JI6C HO 

xoAHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven- 
ture, nothing have. 

BOJIHA /., pit BOJIHLI wave 

BOJIHEHHE neiit. excitement, ner- 
vousness 

OH no6jieHeJi ox BOJiHenHH. He 
turned pale with excitement. 

BOJIH|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yrox imp. 

K r 6? H X 0? / p. BSBOJIHlOBaXb, 

yK), -yemb, -ywx to worry 

9XOX BOnpOC M6HH OHCHb BOJIHyeX. 

This question worries me very much. 

BOJIH|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembcn, 
-yioxcH imp. to worry, to be ner- 
vous, to be excited 
BojiHOBaxbca nepe^ SKsaMenoM. To 
feel nervous before an examination. 

BOJIOCbl pi., gen. pi. BOJIOC, BOJIO- 
caM, etc.; sing. BOJIOC hair 
KpacHBbie BOJIOCLI. Beautiful hair. 

BOJIfl /., no pi. will 

GwJifcHaH BO JIH. A strong will. Bojia 
K noSeae. The will to win. 

BOOEIU.E adv. 

1. in general. Boo6m,e axo npas^a. 
In general it is true. 

2. at all. OH B0o6me HO roBOppix 
no-pyccKH. He does not speak 
Russian at all. 

BOOPy5KEHHE neut. 

1. no pi. equipment. BoopyjKeHne 
apMHH HOBBIM opy?KHeM. The 
equipment of the army with new 
weapons. 

2. usu. pi. armaments. CoKpamemie 
BOOpyjKeHHH. A reduction of ar- 
maments. ToHKa BOOpy5K6HHH. 
The arms race. 

BO-HEPBblX paren. word first(ly), 

in the first place 

Bo-nepBbix, 3x0 xpyflno... In the 

first place, it's difficult... 
BOHPOC m. 

1. question. Hpocxon Bonpoc. A 
simple question. Sa^axb Bonpoc. 
To ask a question. 

2. question, problem. BajKH&ra BOH- 
poc. An important question. Ha- 
i^HOHajibHtiH Bonpoc. The national 
question. 

BOP m., gen. pi. -OB thief 

Apecxosaxb BO pa. To arrest a thief. 



BOP 



20 



B11P 



BOPOTA no sing., gen. pi. BOpox 

1. gate(s). Bopoxa ca^a. The gate 
of a garden. 

2. goal. Hocjiaxb MH^ B Bopoxa 
npoxiiBHHKa. To send tJie ball 
into the opponent's goal. 

BOPOTHflK m., gen. -a collar 

MexoBOH BOpOTHHK. A fur collar. 

BOCKJIflKH|yXb see BOCKJIHIJATb 

BOCKJIHIJAITb, -K), -einb, -IOT imp./ 
p. BOCKJiHKH|yxb, -y, -enib, -yi to 
exclaim, to cry out 
PaAOCXHO BocKJiHKHyxb. To cry out 
joyfully. 

BOCKPECfiHbE neut. Sunday 

B BocKpeceHbe MM esAHJiH 3a ropoA. 
We went to the country on Sunday. 

BOCHHTAHHE neut. upbringing, 
education 

BoermxaHHe peSeHKa. The upbring- 
ing of a child. OH nojiyiriji xopo- 
mee BocntixaHHe. He received a 
good education. 

BOCllHTATb see BOCIUlTblBATb 

BOCIlflTblBAlTb, -10, -euib, -K)T imp./ 
p. BOcnnTa|xb, -10, -einb, -lox to 
bring up 

1. KOTO? to bring up. Bocnuxaxb 
Cb'raa. To bring up one's son. 

2. HTO? B KOM? to cultivate. 
Bocnaxaxb B Aexax jiio6oBb K 
nptipoAe. To cultivate love for 
nature in children. 

BOCnOJIb30BATbCH see IlGJIbSO- 

BATbCfl 
BOCnOMHHAHHE neut. 

1. recollection. BocnoMHiiaHne jiex- 
cxsa. Recollection of one's child- 
hood. 

2. usu. pi. reminiscences, memoirs. 
BocnoMHHaiinH o coBpeMeHHH- 
Kax. Reminiscences of one's con- 
temporaries. 

BOCCTAHABJIHBAjTb, -10, -emb, -rox 

imp. ixo?/ p. BOCCxa|noBHXb, -HOB- 

jiK), -HOBHmb, -HOBHX to restore, to 

rebuild 

BoccxanoBwxb paapymeHHtin ropoA. 

To rebuild a town that had been 

destroyed. BoccxanoBnxb XOSHHCXBO. 

To restore the economy. 
BOCCTAHHE neut. uprising, revolt 

EoflHflXb Boccxanne. To raise a 

revolt. 
BOCCTAHOBflTb see BOCCTAHAB- 

JIHBATb 



BOCTOK m. east 

1. east. CoJinue BOCXOAHX Ha BOCXO- 
Ke. The sun rises in the east. 

2. East. BjTH>KHHik BOCXOK. Near 
East. ^ajTbHiiii BOCXOK. Far 
East. CpeAHHH BOCXOK. Middle 
East. Bw 6biJin Ha BOCXOKC? 
Have you been in the East? 

BOCTOPF m. delight, enthusiasm 
OH c BOCxoproM paccKaaweaji o CBO- 
en noesAKe. He was telling about 
his trip enthusiastically. 

, -aa, -oe, -we east(ern) 
Bexep. An east wind. 
Bocxo^Hoe HanpaBJieime. An easterly 
direction. 

BOCXHTHTbCH see BOCXHUl,ATbCH 
BOCXMmA|TbCH, -rocb, -eiiibcfl, -IOT- 

Cfl *imp. K6M? HGM?/ p. BOCXH|- 
XHXbCfl, -myCb, -XHUIbCfl, -XHXCfl tO 

admire 

Becb Mnp BOcxumaexcH noABHroM 

repoeB. The whole world admires the 

heroes' feat. 
BOCXOJJ m. rising 

BocxoA coJiHD,a. The sunrise. 
EOT particle 

1. here is. Box KHiira. Here is the 
book. 

2. what (a). Box Kpacoxal What 
beauty! Box axo xopoino! That's 
good! 

BHEPBb'IE ad i'. for the first time 
H BnepBtie B MOCKBO. It is the 
first time I have been in Moscow. 

ad. KyAa? forward 
H Bnepe'A- To go forward. 



1. adv. rAe? in front. BnepeAH 
Sb'iJTH ropbi. There were mountains 
in front. 

2. prep. -{-gen. at the head of, in 
front of. BnepeAH KOJIOHHM 
necjiw anaMena. At the head of 
the column they carried banners. 

BHEHATJIEHHE neut. impression 
OiJibHoe Bneqaxjienne. A strong 
impression. Mrpa apxricxa nponsBe- 
jia 6oJibiu6e BneqaxjieHne Ha sp- 
xejieii. The actor's performance made 
a great impression on the specta- 
tors. 

BIIPOHEM conj. though, nevertheless 
KapxHHa xoporaan, Bnpo^eM BU 
caMH ee yBHAHxe. The picture i& 
good, though you'll see it yourself. 



BPA 



21 



BCT 



BPAF m., gen. -a enemy 

EopoTbCfl c BparaMH. To fight the 
enemies. 

BP|ATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past epaji, 
spa.na, epajin imp. K o M y? H e M y?/ 
/>. coBplaib, -y, -euib, -yi, past 
coBpa;i, coBpana, coBpajiH colloq. to 
lie. Pe6e"HOK cospaJi OTn,y. The child 
lied to his father. 

BPAH m., gen. -a physician, doctor 
BpaH-xepaneBT. A therapeutist. TKeii- 
mHHa-spa 1 !. A lady doctor. BBITB 
y spa^a. To be at the doctor's. MATH 
K Bpaqy. To go to the doctor. Co- 
BCTOBaTbCfl c spa^oM. To consult a 
doctor. 






-an, -oe, -Lie, short form 
Bpeaen, BpeAHa, Bpe*AH|o, -H; adv. 
BpeAno harmful, bad 
BpeAHbiH qenoBeK. A bad man. 
Bpe^HaH Teopufl. A harmful theory. 
BpeAHoe pacTeHiie. A noxious weed. 
BaM BpeAHO MHoro KypnTb. It's 
bad for you to smoke so much. Mopos 
BpeACH Ana lOTKHbix pacTemiH. Frost 
is dangerous for southern plants. 
BPEMfl neut., gen., dat., prepos. Bpe- 
MCHH; pi. BpeMena, BpeMeH, BpeMe- 
HaM, etc. time 

1. CnoJibKO BpeMCHH? What time 
is it? BpeMH HACT. Time flies. 
BpeMH nponiJio. The time has 
passed. BpeMH He WACT. Time 
waits for no man. BpeMfl nona- 
H<eT. Time will show. 

2. Be^epnee Bpewa. Evening. ^O>KA- 
jiiiBoe BpeMR. Rainy period. 
Ciapbie BpCMena. Old times. 
BpeMena ro^a. Seasons. 

<0> Bceiy CBOC epeMa. There is a 
time for everything. Bee BpeMfl. All 
the time. Qua see BpeMfl CMeajiacb. 
She laughed all the time. Bo epeMH 
used as prep, -\-gen. Bo BpeMH BOH- 
HH MM JKHJIH y 6a6ymKH. During 
the war we lived at our granny's. 

BCE 1 pron., see BECb, 2 

BCE 2 particle still, ever 

A OH see MOJIHHT H MOJi^MT. And 
he still keeps silent, fl Bee name 
BcnoMHHaio TBOH cjiOBa. / recollect 
your words ever oftener. OH see em,e 
6ojieeT. He is still ill. Tw BCC JKG 
npuxoflw KO MHC. You come to see 
me just the same. 



adv. always 
OH Bcervia Becejibiw. He is always gay. 

BCEMflPHIWfl, -aH, -oe, -bie world 
BceMtipHbin <|ecTHBajiT>. World festi- 
val. 

BCE PABH6 

1. all the same. Mne Bee pasno. It's 
all the same to me. 

2. just the same. XOTH o^enb xo- 
JIOAHO, H see paBHo nofifly Ty^a. 
Though it is very cold, I'll go 
there just the same. 

BCE-TAKII particle just the same 
H Bce-xaKH no WAV na senep. I'll 
go to the evening-party just the 
same. 

BCKOFE adv. soon^ 

BcKOpe na^rajiCH AO^AB- Soon it 
began to rain. 

BCJIE# after, following 

1. adv. OH nocMoxpeJi BCJICA... His 
eyes followed. . . 

2. used as prep, -f- dat. or sa -\-instr. 
OH nocMoxpeJi BCJICA GMy. He 
followed him with his eyes. Mbi 
notujiii BCjieA aa HHM. We fol- 
lowed him. 

BCJiyX adv. aloud 

MnTaTb BCjiyx. To read aloud. 
BCIIAXATb see HAXATb 
BCIlOMMHAjTb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. 

K o r 6? H T o? or o H e M? / p. BCHOM- 

H|HTb, -K), -HHIb, -HT 

1. to recollect, fl 

CBoero Apyra. / recollect my 
friend. BcnoMHHaib o AeTCTBe. 
To recall one's childhood. 

2. to remember, fl HHtcaK He Mory 
BcnoMHHTb. / just can't remem- 
ber. 

BCIKJMHHTb see BCIIOMHHATb 
BCTA|BATb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. f 
p. BCTa|xb, -ny, -Heiub, -nyT to get 
up, to rise 

Ka?KAbiH AeHb H BCTaio B ceMb na- 
COB yTpd, HO ceroAHfl fl scxaji B 
BoceMb nacoB. Every day I get up 
at seven o'clock in the morning, but 
today I got up at eight o'clock. 
Cojnme BCTae'T Ha BOCTOKC. The sun 
rises in the east. 

<> Bcxaxb c Jieeofi HOFH. To 
get out of bed on the wrong side. 
BCTATb see BCTABATb 
BCTPfiTHTb see BCTPEHATb 
BCTPfiTHTbCfl see BCTPEHATbCfl 



BCT 



22 



Bbl 



BCTPfiHA /. meeting 

BcTpeia Apyaea. A meeting of 
friends. CepAe^HaH BCTpeia. A cor- 
dial meeting. 

BCTPE l lA|Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. 

KOTO? HTO? I p. BCTpe|THTb, -ly, 

-THrab, -THT to meet 

1. fl BCTpeTHJi ero cjiyq^ano. / 
met him by chance. 

2. BcipeiHTb xjieSoM-coJibio. To 
extend hospitality to somebody. 

<0> Bcxpeqaxb HoBbiu FOA. To see 

the New Year in. 
BCTPEHA|TbCH, -rocb, -embca, -K>T- 

CH imp. C K6M? C H6M?/ 
p. BCTpe|THTbCfl, -HyCb, -THfflbCfl, 

-THTCH to meet 

BcTpeTHTbCtt c Apy3bflMH. To meet 
friends. MM BCTpeTHJincb Ha yjra- 
n,e. We met in the street. 

fig. BCTpeiHTbCfl C TpyAHOCTHMH. TO 

meet with difficulties. 
BCTynA|Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. BO 

HTO?//>. BCTVOHTb, BCTyDJIK), BCTy- 

nninb, BCTVHHT to join 
BcTynwTb B cnopniBHoe 66in,ecTBo. 
To enter a sports society. 
BCTyMTb see BCTyilATb 
BCXOflHTb, BCxojKy, BCxoAHinb, 
imp. I p\ B30H|Tii, -Ay, 
yT, past B30|me'ji, -inua, 



1. to ascend. Bcxoflirrt na Bepraa- 
ny ropw. To climb to the top of 
the mountain. 

2. to rise. CoJinije BCXO/JIIT. The 
sun rises. 

BClD/jy adv. everywhere 

BcroAy 6i>iJio TCMIIO. It was dark 

everywhere. 
BCHKiHfl, -an, -oe, -He pron. 

1. any 

2. all sorts of. B MarasHne ecib 
BCHKHe npOAyKTH. There are all 
sorts of foodstuffs in the shop. 

3. used as n. anyone 

<0" Ha BciiKiiii cjiyqafi. Just in 

case. Be3(o) ncmcux TpyAOB. With- 

out any difficulty. 
B TEHEHHE prep. +gen. during 

B TCHCHHe 3HMti. During the win- 

ter. Pa6oTaxb B Teqgnne roAa. To 

work during the year. 
BTOPHHK m. Tuesday 

Co6paHHe COCTOUTCH BO BTOPHHK. 

The meeting will take place on 



Tuesday. Ka;KAbiH BTOPHHK. Every 
Tuesday. 

B-TPETbHX paren. word third(ly) 
Knora, BO-nepBux, o^enb HHTepec- 

Haa, BO-BTOpLIX, KpaCHBO O$6pM- 

jieHa, H, B-TpeTbHX, ona jierKo HH- 
xaeTCH. First, the book is very in- 
teresting, second, it is beautifully 
designed, and. third, it reads well. 

BTPOEM adv. three (together) 
Mu o6eAaeM BTpoeM. We three 
together. 

By3 m. (== Bhicniee yneSno 

HHC) higher educational establish- 

ment 

B MOCKBO OKOJIO 90 Byaos. In Mos- 

cow, there are some 90 higher edu- 

cational establishments. 

BXOA m. entrance 

Bxdft B MCTpo. An entrance to the 
underground. BXOA B napK. An 
entrance to the park. FjiaBHMH 
BXOA. The main entrance. 

BXO.H.flTb, BXo>Ky, exoAnmb, BXOAHT 
imp.K y A a? / p. BOM|TH, -Ay, -Aenib, 
-AyT, past Bo|me'ji, -injia, -nuio, 



1. to enter. BOHTH B KJiacc. To 
enter the classroom. Pa3pemHTe 
BOHTH? May I come in? 

2. B cocTas AeJieramiH BXOAHT 
HHTb ^ejioBCK. The delegation 
consists of five members. 

<> BOHTH BO BKVC. To get to like. 

BOHTH B MOAy. To become fashion- 

able. BOHTH B AOBepiie K KOMy- 

-JiH5o. To win somebody's confi- 

dence. 

adv. yesterday 

Bnepa 6biJio XOJIOAHO. It was cold 

yesterday. 
BHEPAfflH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -lie yester- 

day's 

BneparnHflfl raseTa. Yesterday's 

paper. 
BT>E33KA|Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. 

K y A a? / P- B'bexaTb, BT>eAly, -enib, 

-yT to drive (into) 

Bi>exaTb B ropOA- To drive into a 

town. B'bexaTb Ha ropy. To drive 

uphill. 

BT>EXATb see BT>E33KATb 
Bbl pron., gen., ace., prepos. sac, 

dat. BaM, instr. saMH 

Ilporay sac, j^aafe MHO KHiiry. 

Will you kindly give me the book? 



BLIB 



23 



BblH 



BbIEHPA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. 
K o r 6? H T o? / p. Bbi6paxb, Bbi6ep|y, 
-emb, -yx to choose, to select 
BbiSpaxb cnennajibHocxb. To choose 
a speciality. BbiGpaxb 6jiroAp. To 
choose a dish. BbiSpaxb jiy^ninx 

CHOpXCMeHOB H3 HHCJia CXyACHXOB. 

To select the best sportsmen among 

the students. 
BKlEOPbl pi., no sing, elections 

Bi>i6opu B napJiaMCHT. Elections to 

the Parliament. Bce66inHe, paBHbie 

H npflMbie Bbi6opbi. Universal, equal 

and direct elections. 
BbIEPACbIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT 

imp. KOTO? H T o? KyAa?/ 

p. Bbi6po|cHxb, -my, -CHIHB, -cax to 

throw out 

BbiSpocHXb HenyjKHbie 6yMam. To 

throw oat the unnecessary papers. 
BKlEPATb see BblEHPATb 
Bb'IBPOCHTb see BblBPACblBATb 
Bb'IBECTH see BblBOJJfiTb 
BlilBO/J m. conclusion 

CAeJiaxb npaBHjibHbiii BHBOA. To 

draw the right conclusion. 

BblBO/jflTb, BblBOJKy, BblBOAHfflb, 

BbiBOAHT imp. KOTO? H T o? / 
p. BbiBeicxH, -fly, -Aemb, -Ayx, past 
BbiBejr, -a, -o, -M 

1. to take out. BbiBecTH jioma^eH 
Ha nporyjiKy. To take the horses 
for a walk. 

2. to remove. BbiBecTH HHTHO na 
KOCTiOMe. To remove a stain 
from a suit. 

<0* OH BiJBeji MeHH H3 ce6a. He 
put me beside myself. 



imp. to look 

Ona xopomo BbirjiHAHT. She looks 
well. 

B&rHATb see BblFOHIlTb 
BbirOHIl|Tb, -ro, -enib, -ror imp. 
KOTO? oTKy^a? / p. BbimaTb, 
BwroH|H), -Hmb, -HT to turn out 
H ero Bb'irHajiBOH. / turned him out. 
BblflAlBATb, -ro, -enib, -roi imp. 

HTO? KOMy?//>. BWAaTb, 

BbiAanib, BbiAacT, BbiA a AHM, 



1. to give out. BbiAaxb KHHTH. To 
give bocks out. 

2. to give away, to betray. Ero 

""ajiH. He was betrayed, 
see BblAABATb 



BblE3HCA|Tb, -10, -emb, -JOT imp. 

I p. BbiexaTb, BweAly, -emb, -yx to 

leave, to drive out 

Mamnna Bbiexajia HS rapawa. The 

car drove out of the garage. Bbiexaxb 

HS ropOAa. To leaie town. 
BKJEXATb see BbIE33KATb 
Bb'I3BATb see Bbl3bIBATb 
Bbl3AOPABJIHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox 

imp. I p. Bbi3AopOBe|xb, -ro, -emb, 

-rox to recover 

MOH 6pax BbiaAOpOBCJi. My brother 

has recovered. Bbi3AOpaBJiHBaHxe! 

Get well! 
BKl3#OPOBETb see BbI3^0PABJIH- 

BATb 
Bbl3bIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

K o r 6? / p. BW3Baxb, Bbi30B|y, -emb, 

-yx to call out 

Bbi3Baxb cxyAenxa K AOCKC. To 

call out a student to the blackboard. 
Bb'IHrPATb see BblfiFPblBATb 
BblflrPbIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

HXO? y KOTO?//?. Bb'mrpa|xb, -ro, 

-emb, -rox 

1. y KOTO? to win. Bbinrpaxb y 
Apyra napxnro B maxMaxw. To 
win a game of chess from a 
friend. 

2. to win. Bwnrpaxb Mainimy. To 
win a motor-car. 

Bb'IHTH see_ BblXO^flTb 
BblKJIIOMAlTb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

q x o? I p. BbiKjrronlHxb, -y, -iimb, 

-ax to switch off 

BbiKJironnxb CBex. To switch off the 

light. 

Bb'IKJUO^HTb see BblKJIIOHATb 
Bb'IJTEHHTb see JIEHHTb 
BbIJIHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 
oxKyAa? KyAa?//>. Bbi- 
Bbijib|ro, -euib, -rox; imper. 
to pour out 

BbiJiHXb BO Ay H3 cxaKaHa. To pour 

water out of a glass. BbiJiHXb MOJIO- 

KO B Kacxprojiio.. To pour milk into 

a saucepan. 

Bb'IJlHTb see BblJIHBATb 
Bb'IMblTb see MblTb 
Bb'IMblTbCH see Mb'ITbCH 
BblHHMAjTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 

HXO? oxnyAa? / /?. Bbmlyxb, -y, 

-emb, -yx to take out 

Bbmyxb njiaxoK HS KapMana. To take 

a handkerchief out cf one's pocket. 
Bb'IHYTb see BblHHMATb 



Bbin 



24 



HI, IX 



Bb'IIlHCATb see BblllfiCblBATb 

BbinflCbIBA|Tb, -10, -erab, -IOT imp. 
HTO?//?. Bbinn|caTb, -my, -inerai>, 
-rayT 

1 . H T o? o T K y A a? to copy out . 
Bb'miicaTb miTaiy H3 KHIIFH. To 
copy out a quotation from a book. 

2. to subscribe. Bb'inncaTb jKypHaJiu 
H raaenu. To subscribe to maga- 
zines and newspapers. BbinHcaib 
penenT 6oJibHOMy. To write a 
prescription for a patient. 

BblDHTb see HHTb 
BbHIOJIHEHHE neut. fulfilment 

BMnoJiHemie ruraim. The fulfilment 

of a plan. 

Bb'inOJIHHTb see BblllOJlHtfTb 
BbIIIOJIHfl|Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. 

H T O? / p. BLinOJlH|HTb, -K), -Hmb, 

-HT to carry out, to fulfil 
BbinojiHHTb 6ojibrayio pa6oTy. To 
carry out a great work. Bi.inoJiHHTb 
MecH^HbiH njian. To fulfil a monthly 
plan. 

BblliyCKAITb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp. 
K o r 6? H T o? / p. Bbiny|cTHTb, -my, 

-CTHUIb, -CTHT 

1. to let out. BbinycTHTb nTiiiiy 113 
KJieTKH. To let the bird out of 
the cage. 

2. to turn out. BbinycTHTb cnenna- 
JIIICTOB. To turn out specialists. 

3. to turn out. BwnycKaTb npo- 
AVKIUIK) BbicoKoro Ka^ecTBa. To 
turn out high-quality products. 

Bb'inyCTHTb see BblllYCKATb 
BblPAH^EHHE neut. expression 

1. MHTepecHoe BbipameHne. An in- 
teresting expression . 

2. Bi>ipa>KeHne Jinua. Expression. 
Bb'IPACTH see PACTfl 
BbICOK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

BHCOK, BbicoK|a, -6, -H; adv. BHCO- 
KO; com p. Bbime 

1. tall. BbicoKHH AOM. A tall house. 
BMCOKHH qeJiOBen. A tall man. 

2. fig. bigh. BbicoKHH yposenb 
HCH3HH. A high living standard. 
BbicoKaH TCMnepaTypa. A high 
temperature. BbicoKOe A^ BJl eHHe. 
High pressure. BbicoKHH roJioc. 
A high voice. 

BblCOTA /. height 

BoJibmaa BbicoTa. A great height. 
B BbicoTy. High jumping. 

CTO MCTpOB B BblCOTy. A 



building a hundred metres high. 

.ZJepefio BbicoTO/i B jiecHTb MeTpos. 

A tree ten metres high. 
Bb'ICTABjKA /., gen. pi. -OK exhibi- 

tion 

BbicTaBKa jiocTHHceHHif HapoflHoro 

xosflHCTBa. The Exhibition of Eco- 

nomic Achievement. 
Bb'ICTPEJliHTb, -ro, -Hrab, -HT p. to fire 

BbicTpejiHTb 113 nncTOJieTa. To fire 

a pistol. 
BbICTynA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp./ 

p. BwcTylnHTb, -njiio, -OHnib, -DHT 

1. to speak. BbicTynHTb na co6paHHH. 
To speak at a meeting. BwcTy- 
nuTb c pe^bK). To make a speech. 

2. to appear. BwcryniiTb B iviaBHOH 
pdjiH. To appear in the principal 
role. 

BblCrVriHTb see BblCTYnATb 
BbK TynJIEHHE neut. 

1. speech. BbiCTynjienne 
The delegate's speech. 

HH6 MHHHCTpa IIHOCTpaHHblX RBJI 

no TeJieBH^eHMio. The foreign mi- 
nister's appearance on television. 

2. performance. BbiCTyiiJieHiie ap- 
THCTOB. The actors' performance. 

Bb'ICIDIMfl, -aH, -ee, -ne 

1. higher, superior 

2. highest, supreme 

<C> Bhicmee o6pa30Bamie. Higher 
education. Bucmiiii opran BJiacxn. 
The supreme organ of power. 
Bb'ITAH],HTb see TAIUfiTb, 2 
Bb'ITEl ETb see BblTHPATb 
BblTHPA|Tb, -to, -eiub, -IOT imp. 
q T o? / p. BbiTepeTb, BbiTply, -emb, 
-yr, past Bb'iTep, -Jia, -Jio, -JIM to wipe 
BhiTepeTb pyKH H jnmo HOJIOT^H-- 
neM. To wipe one's hands and 
face with a towel. 



see 

Bb'IXOA m. exit 

Bf.'ixoA H3 MCTpo. The exit from tht 
underground station. BbixoA us 
napna. The exit from a park. 

BblXOJJfiTb, Bbixowy, BbixoAHmb, 
BbixoAHT imp. o T K y A a? / p. Bbin- 
TH, BbiHAly, -emb, -yT, past BU- 
raeji, Bbimji|a, -o, -H to go out 

BblXOAHTh H3 KOMHaTbl. To gO Out 

of the room. BHHTH H3 KJiacca. To 
go out of the classroom. 
<> BbiflTH H3 TepneHHH. To lost 
patience. BWHTH cyxHM HS 



BblX 



25 



To come off unscathed. Bbrimi H3 
ce6a. To lose one's temper. 
BbIXOAH|6fl, -aa, -oe, -we free 

Bbixo;iHOH AGHb. A day off. fl ce- 
BbixoAHOH. / am free today. 



r, 



TA3 m. gas 

BoflOpoA JierKHH raa. Hydrogen 

is a light gas. Y nac upoBejiii raa. 

They laid on gas in our house. 
T A3 ETA /. newspaper 

Hnxaxb raaexy. To read a newspa- 

per. CerOAHflmHaa rasexa. Today's 

newspaper. 
TAJICTYK m. (neck)tie 

Sasa.iaxb rajicxyn. To tie one's tie. 

EiioHepCKHH ra-ncxyK. A Young 

Pioneer's scarf. 
TACflTb, raniy, racnoib, racax imp. 

HTO?//>. noracwxb, noraray, nora- 

CHmb, noracax to switch off, to 

put out 

FacMXb CBeT. To switch off the 

light. HoracHXb Kocxep. To put out 

a fire. 
TACTrOHOM m. provision shop 

Kynwxb npOAVKXbi B raoxponoMe. 

To buy foodstuffs at a provision shop. 



1. adv. where. T^e BBI paGoxaeie? 
Where do you work? Ffle BLI >KH- 
Bexe? Where do you live? 

2. asconj. where. JJoM, r#e a >KHBV, 
nocxpoen B DTOM ro^y. The house 
in which I live was built this year. 

HHEyjJb adv. somewhere 
fl 6yay r.ae-HH6yAi> s^ecb. / shall 
be somewhere here. 

Tflfi-TO ado. somewhere 
MM c BaMH rAe-T 
We have met somewhere. 

TEHHAJlbHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -we of 
genius 

HleKcnnp rcHRaJTbHWH anrjiriH- 
CKHH ApaMaxypr. Shakespeare is a 
great English dramatist. FeHHaJTbHoe 
npOH3BeA6HHe. A work of genius. 

rEOrPAOHHECKIHfl, -afl, -oe, -He 
geographic(al) 

Feorpa^u^ecKHH axjiac. A geograph- 
ical atlas. BeJiMKHe reorpa^fine- 
CKne oxKpwxHH. The great geograph- 
ical discoveries. V^nxbCH Ha reo- 



^anyjibxexe. To study 
in the geography department. 

TEOrPAcfcHfl /., o pi geography 
Onsw^ecKafl reorpa(|)HH. Physical 
geography. 3KOHOMHHerKaa reorpa- 
(j)tia. Economic geography. 

TEOJlOr m. geologist 

Btrxb reojioroM. Tn be a geologist. 

rEPOfl4ECK|Hfl, an, -oe, -He heroic 
TepOHHecKHH xpya. Heroic labour. 
FepoHHecKafl 6opb6a.//e/-oic struggle. 

TEPOfl m. 

1. hero. FepoH BOHHW. A war hero. 

2. hero. FjiaBHLin repdii poMaea. 
The hero of the novel. 

3. hero. Fepdn xpyAa. Heroes of 
labour. 

rflBHIYTb, -y, -euib, -yx, past rn6, 
-jia, -Jio, -Jin imp. ox Hero?/ 
p. noni6H|yxb, -y, -euib, -yx 

BO BpCMfl BXOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHLI 

norw6jiH MHJIJIHOHU JiK);ieH. Mil- 
lions of people died in the Second 
World War. ^epenbfl rnSnyx ox 
Mopo^a. Trees perish with cold. 

THMHACTHKA /., no pi. gymnastics 
VxpeHHaa rHMHacxHKa. Morning 
p. t. exercises. CnopXHBnafl ruMHa- 
cxHKa. Sports gymnastics. ^eJiaxb 
THMHacxHKy. To do p. t. exercises. 
SanMMaxbCfl rHMiiacxHKOH. To prac- 
tise gyjnnastics. 

TJIABA 1 /., pi. r/iaBbi head 

Fjiaea AeJierannn. The head of the 
delegation. FjiaBa npaowxejibcxBa. 
The head of the government. 
<> CxoflTb BO rjiaBe qero-jiH6o. 
To be at the head of something. 

TJIABA 2 /., pi. rjiaeu chapter 

nepBaa rjiasa. The first chapter. 

rJIABH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -tie principal, 
chief, main 

FjiaBHMH Bonpoc. The principal 
question. FjiaBHbiH peAanxop. Edi- 
tor-in-Chief. FjiaBHbia Bpa i i. Head 
physician. 

rJIAI.O.HTb, -TKJ, -AHfflb, -AHX imp. I 
p. norjiaJAHXb, -my, -Annib, -Aflx 

1. ^ x o? ICM? to iron, to press. 
FjiaAHXb py6amKy yxioroM. To 
iron a shirt. 

2. KOTO? HXO? no q e M y? to 
stroke. FjiaAHTb pedenna no ro- 
jione. To stroke the child's head. 

TJlA,HK|Hfl, -aa, -oe, -He smooth 



FJIA 



26 



roji 



noeepxHocxb. A smooth 
surface. 

FJIA3 m., prepos. o rjiaae & B rjiaay; 
pi. rjraaa, rjiaa eye 
BojibraHe rjiaaa. Big eyes. 
<0 3io cjiyHHJiocb iia iiamiix rjia- 
aax. It happened before our eyes. 
IlycTHTb iibi.n. B ivia.'ia. To cut a 
dash. FoBOpHTb npao;iy B r.iaaa. 
To speak the truth to one's face. 
FoBOpHTb c rjiaay na rjiaa. To 
talk confidentially. HATH Kya rjia- 
aa rjiflAHT. To follow one's nose. 
CAe.iaxb 6o.iiuiHC rjiaau. To make 
big eyes. 

FJiyEHHA /. depth 

Ha rjiySime cxa MexpOB. At a depth 
of one hundred metres. IHaxxa rjiy- 

6HHOH B XpHCXa M6XpOB. A pit 

three hundred metres deep. 

<> B rjiyGnne ca^a. In the heart 

of the garden. 

Hfl, -an, -oe, -lie, short form 
K, rjiy6oK|a, -6, -H; adv. rjiy- 
6oKo; com/?. rjiy6>Ke 

1. deep. FjiySonaH pena. A deep 
river. 

2. fig. profound. Fjiy66KHii yM. 
Profound intellect. Fjiy6oKoe nyB- 
CTBO. Deep feeling. 

rJI^niblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue, short form 
rjiyn, rjiyiia, rjiyn|o, -LI; adv. rjiy- 
no stupid, foolish 
Fjiynbiii nejioseK. A stupid man. 
FJiynan Mbicjib. A foolish idea. OH 
nocTynwji rjiyno. He acted foolishly. 

rJiyX|Ofl, -afl, -oe, -ae, short form 
rjiyx, rjiyxa, rjiyx|o, -n; adv. rjiyxo 

1. deaf. TjiyxoH ^CJiOBeK. A deaf 
person. 

2. fig. out-of-the-way. Fjiyxon 

ii. An out-of-the-way region. 
b,^-?Ky, -AHrab, -HT imp. 
na KOTO? na HTO? BO HT 6?/ 
-H?y, - 



p. 

to look 

riorjiRflM na Hero I Look at hunt 

Fjifl^eTb B OKHO. To look out of the 

window. 
TRET m., no pi. yoke, oppression 

HaxoflWTbCH no/j THCTOM saBoeBaxe- 

Jiea. To be under the yoke of the 

conquer ers. 
TOBOl'lflTb, -K), -Hinb, -HT imp. 

^ T 0? O K 6 M? O H C M? K M y? 
C KCM? 



1. p. CKaaaxb, cKawy, 

CKawyx K o M y? to speak, to tell, 
to say. fl CKaaan omy npas^y. / 
told the truth to my father, fl 
roBopHji oxny 06 axoM. / told 
Father about it. FoBOpaxe rpoM- 
ne. Speak louder. CKa>KHxe HC- 
CKOJibKO CJIOB o MOCK Be. Say a 
few words about Moscow. 

2. p. noroBOprixb or has no p. as- 
pect c K e M? to speak, to talk 

(1) fl roBopro c apyroM o er<5 
cecxpe. / am speaking with 
my friend about his sister. 
fl noroBopHJi c OXHOM na 
3xy xeMy. / had a talk with 
Father on that subject. 

(2) fl roBopio no-pyccKH. / speak 
Russian. OH He roBopnx no- 

^aHrJiHHCKH. He doesn't speak 

English. 

m., prepos. B rofly & o roe; 
pi. roAti & rojta 

1. year. YqeSHbiH ro,u. School 
year, academic year, fl pOA^JiCH 
B 1941 roAy. I was born in 1941. 

2. gen. pi. jiex year. CnoJibKo BaM 
Jiex? How old are you? MHC 20 
Jiex. / am 20 years old. Mne 23 
rofla. / am 23 years old. Ilpo- 
fflJio 4 ro^a (5 Jiex). 4 (5) years 
passed . 

<C> C HoBbiM TOAOM! A Happy New 
Year! 

FOJIOBA /., ace. roJiOBy; pi. rojiOBbi, 
rojiOB, roJioBaM, etc. head 
y MCHH 6oJiHx roJiosa. / have a 
headache. 

<0> CseTJiaH rojiofia. A bright head. 
HycTaa rojiosa. An empty head. 
IIOBecHTb rojiOBy. To hang one's 
head. IIoTepflTb TO^OB^. To^ lose 
one's head. Mne npiiiiuiu B rojiosy 
Mbicjib. An idea occurred to me. 
Mne npnnuio B rojiOBy. It occurred 
to me. 

m., no pi. hunger 
IIoHyBCXBOBaxb roJioA. To feel hun- 
gry. VMepexb c roJioy. To die of 
hunger. 

JlO^HIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form roJiOAen, roJiOAHa, roJiOAH|o, 
-bi 
1. hungry. FOJIOAHMH neJioBeK. A 

hungry person, fl roJiOAeH. / am 

hungry. 



TOJI 



27 



TOP 



2. only complete form starving. 

FoJioflHan CMepxb. Starvation. 
rCJIOC m., pi. -a 

1. voice. HMSKHH rdjioc. A low 
voice. BHCOKHH roJioc. A high 
voice. JlHmrixbCH roJioca. To lose 
one's voice. 

2. vote. FOJIOC HsGnpaxejia. The 
vote of an elector. 

rOJIOQOBATB, -yio, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. 3 a KOTO? 3 a H x 6? n p 6- 
THB KOTO? npOTHB Hero?/ 
p. nporojiocjoBaxb, -yio, -yenib, -yrox 
to vote 

FoJiocoBaxb sa KanflimaTa B ffeny- 
xaxbi. To vote for a candidate. 

FoJIOCOBaXb npOXHB pe30JIK)n;HH. TO 

vote against a resolution. 
rOJIYBIOfl, -aa, -oe, -we light-blue 

FoJiySoe ne6o. A light-blue sky. 

FojiySbie rjiaaa. Blue eyes. 
rOJiyB|B m., gen. pi. -en dove, pigeon 

Jlexax rdjiySn. The doves are fly- 

ing. 
rOJI|Wfl, -aa, -oe, -me naked, bare 

Fo-Jiaa cntraa. A naked back. Fdjiwe 

AepeBba. Bare trees. 
FOPA /., ace. ropy; pi. roptr, rop, 

ropaM, etc. mountain, hill 

BbicoKan ropa. A high mountain. 

}K0Tb B ropax. To live in the moun- 

tains. Ha ropax Jienuh 1 ceer. There 

is snow on the mowitains. TypncTbi 

B3onura na ropy. The tourists 

climbed the mountain. 

<> He a a ropaMii. Close at hand, 

not far away. 

rOPA3,H;O adv. much, far 

Fopasjio Jiynme. Far better. Fopaa- 
o 6tiCTpee. Much faster. Fopa.iflo 
yMHee. Much cleverer. FopaaAO MeHb- 
me. Much smaller / less 



, , -flninbCH, -HT- 

CH imp. KCM? Hew? to be proud 
Fop^HTbCH ycnexaMH. To be proud 
of one's success. Fop:iHTbCH p6#H- 
HOH. To be proud of one's coun- 
try. 

P^IWfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
ropfl, ropfla, rop^o, rop^u; adv. 
rop^o proud 

FopAUH HeJioBeK. A proud person. 
Fopflan ^eByniKa. A proud girl. 
A proud air. 



POPE neut., no pi. misfortune 

y nero 6oJibtn6e rope. A great mis~ 
fortune befell him. 
TOPIETB, -K), -i-inib, -ax imp. 

1. p. crop|eib, -16, -Hrab, -HT to 
burn. FopHT cse^a. A candle 
burns. FopHT Aposa. Firewood 
burns. FopiiT flOM. The house is 
on fire. 

2. no p. to burn. B KOMHaxe ropnr 
CBex. There is a light in the room. 

3. fig. to shine, to sparkle. Fjiaaa 
y nero ropar OT paAOCTH. His 
eyes are shining with joy. 

rOPJIO neut. throat 

y MeHfl SOJIHT ropJio. / have a sore 
throat. 

rOPH|LlH, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. mountain. Fopnue Bepmimbi. 
Mountain tops. 

2. mining. Fdpnan npOMbimjieH- 
HOCTb. The mining industry. 
FopHbiH HHCTHTyr. A mining 
institute. 

rOPO/J m., pi. -a city, town 

KpynHbiH npOMbiinJieHHbiH ropOA- 
A large industrial city. B ropofle 
MHoro canoB. There are many gar- 
dens in the city. 

<> Iloexaib aa ropOA. To go to the 
country. 

rOPO/JCK|Oft, -an, -oe, -iiecity, town 
FopOflCKOH TpancnopT. City trans- 
port. FopOACKoH ca^. A city park. 

rOPbK|Hfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short form 
ropeK, ropbKa, ropbKJo, -H; adv. 
ropbKO 

1. bitter. FopbKoe jioKapciBo. A 
bitter medicine. 

2. fig. bitter. FopbKan npaB^a. 
The bitter truth. FopbKHe CJieabi. 
Bitter tears. FopbKO nJiaKaxb. 
To weep bitterly. 

rOPH|Hfi, -aa, -ee, -ne, short^ form 
ropHH, -a, -6, -K; adv. ropnio 

1. hot. FopaHHH cyn. Hot soup. 

2. fig. ardent. FopaHaa JiK)6oBb. 
Ardent love. Fopri^HH npHBex. 
Warm greetings. FopH^o cno- 
pnxb. To have a heated argu- 
ment. 

3. fig. hot. FopaHHH xapaKxep. A 
hot temper. 

4. fig.: FopflHee BpeMH. A busy 
time. 



roc 



28 



TPA 



FOCnO,HfiTI m., pi. rocnoAa, rocnoA, 
rocnoASM, etc. gentleman; used in 
addressing people Mr. FOCHOAHH 
VOTCOH! Mr. Watson! 

FOCTEIIPHflMHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we 

hospitable 

FocTenpiiHMHtiH X03HHH. A hospi- 

table host. FocTenpHHMHaH cipana. 

A hospitable country. 
FOCTflHHIJA /. hotel 

Mbl OCTaHOBHJIHCb B rOCTHHHUe. 

We put up at an hotel. HoBaH ro- 
CTiiHiina. A new hotel. 
FOCT|b m., gen. pi. -en guest, 
visitor 

JKeJiaHHtiH rocTb. A welcome guest. 
MHocTpaHHbie rocTH. Foreign visitors. 
<v> HATH B rocTii. To go on a 
visit. BbiTb B rocTHX. To be on a 
visit. 



. aH , -oe, -tie 
state 

FocyAapCTBeHHtiH CTpofi. A state 
system. FccyAapCTBeHHbie rpanuijM. 
State frontiers. FocyAapcxBeiraafl 
nc.JiHTHKa. A state policy. Moc- 
KOBCKHH rocyAapCTBeHHbiH ymiBep- 
ciiieT. Moscow State Univer- 
sity. 

FOCyjjAPCTBO neut. state; country 
B 3TOM rocyAapcTBe JKHBCT 15 MHJI- 
JIHOHOB qejioBen. The population 
of this country is 15 million. 

FOTO|BHTb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -BHT imp. 
K o r 6? H T o? 

1. p. npHrOTO|BHTb, -BJIK), -BHUlb, 

-BHT to prepare. FoTOBHTb 
ypoit. To do a lesson. FoxoBHTb 
o6eA- To cook dinner. 

2. p. noAroTo|BHTb, -BJIK>, -BHrab, 
-BHT to prepare. FoxoBHTb cne- 
miaJincTOB. To train specialists. 

FOTOBHTb yHeHHKOB K 9K3aMeHy. 

To prepare pupils for an exami- 
nation. 

rOTO|BHTbCH, -BJiiocb, -BiimbCH, 
-BHTCH imp. K qeMy? & -f- inf. / 

p. npHFOTOlBHTbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHfflb- 

CH, -BHTCH lo prepare, to get ready 

CTyACHT rOTOBHTCH K 3K3^MeHy. 

The student is preparing for an 
examination. CnopTCMCH npnroTO- 
BHJICH npwrHyTb B BOAy. The 
sportsman got ready to jump into 
the water. 



rOTOBJblfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form 
roTOB, -a, -o, -EJ K HCMy? na 
HTO? & -\-inf. 

1. ready. YqemiK TOTOB K 9K3a"Me- 
ny. The pupil is ready for his 
examination. 

2. ready. OH scer^a TOTOB noMd^b 
TOBapumy. He is always ready to 
help a friend. FOTOBWH na nofl- 
BHF. Ready to perform a feat. 

3. ready. 06e*A TOTOB. Dinner is 
ready. 

<> FoxoBoe njiaxbe. A ready-made 
dress. 

rpA/jyc m. 

1. degree. TepMOMexp noKaaHBaer 
HHTb rpaAycoB HHTKO Hyjm (Bbi- 
me nyjia). The thermometer 
shows five degrees below zero 
fabove zero). 

2. degree. Yroji B 45 rpaAycos. 
An angle of 45 degrees. 

m . p i, 



1. citizen. Fpa>KAaHUH CoBexcKoro 
Goioaa. A citizen of the Soviet 
Union. 

2. used in addressing people Sir. 



cia, TAe HaxoAHTCH Teajp? Sir, 
will you kindly tell me where the 
theatre is? 
rPA3K#AHCK|Hfl, _ aHf _ oe> . He civil, 

civic 

FpawAancKHH AOJir. One's civic 

duty. 

<> FpaHwaiicKafl jjoiiiui. A civil 

war. 
FPAMM m. gramme 

CeMbcoT rpaMMOB c^xapa. Seven 

hundred grammes of sugar. 
TPAMMATMKA /. grammar 

FpaMMaTHKa pycpKoro H3biKa. A 

Russian grammar. 

TPAMOTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short 

form rpaMOTCH, rpaMOTHja, -o, -H; 

adv. rpaMOTiio literate 

FpaMOTHbiH HejiOBCK. A literate 

person. IXncaTb rpaMOTHO. To write 

literately. 
FPAHimA /. frontier; boundary 

FocyAapCTBeHHafl rpaHHHa. A state 

frontier. 

<0 /KIITI, aa rpaenueii. To live 

abroad. Yexaxb aa 



TPE 



29 



TPH 






To go abroad. TIpnexaTb ns-sa rpa- 

IIMHI>I. To come from abroad. 
rPElMETb, -MJiro, -MLtmb, -Max imp. to 

thunder 

FpeMHT rpOM. It thunders. 
FPEjTb, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. ^TO? / 

p. corpelxb, -ro, -emb, -roi 

1. to give out warmth. Ocenbio 

COJIHHe CB6THT, HO MdJIO TpeGT. 

In autumn the sun is bright but 
not very warm. 

2. to be warm. ITajibio xopomo 
rpeeT. The overcoat is very 
warm. 

3. to warm. Fpexb pyKH na or- 
HCM. To warm one's hands over 
the fire. 

4. p. narpelTb, -ro, -einb, -IOT to 
warm. Harpeib BO AY AO 40 rpa- 
AycoB. To warm the water to 
40 degrees. 

FPHB m., gen. -a mushroom 

Ha6paib MHOTO rpuSoB. To gather 
a lot of mushrooms. EeJibiH rpn6. 
An edible boletus. 

TPHIin m. influenza 

Bojieib rpwnnoM. To be ill with 
the 'flu. V Hero THJKe'jiaa $6pMa 
rpnnna. He has a bad attack of 

the 'flu. OCJI07KH6HHH HOCJI6 rpHH- 

na. Complications after the 'flu. 

FPO3A /., pi. rpO3bi thunderstorm 
Ha^aJiacb rpoaa. A thunderstorm 
broke out. JTeroM nacTO 6biBaiOT 
rpoabi. Thunderstorms often occur 
in summer. 

rPOM m. 

1. thunder. SarpeMeJi rpOM. It 
started thundering. 

2. fig. storm. TpOM anjioAHCMen- 
TOB. A storm of applause. 

rPOMAJJHIblfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short 
form rpOMa/ien, rpoMaAn|a, -o, -w 
huge, enormous 

oM. A huge house. Fpo- 
ycnex. An enormous suc- 
cess. 

FPOMKlHfl, -aH, -oe. -ne, short form 
rpOMOK, rpOMKa, rpOMK|o, -H; adv. 
rpOMKo; comp. rp6\ne loud 
FpOMKHH 3ByK. A loud sound. 
FpOMKHH rojioc. A loud voice. FpoM- 
KHH CMex. A loud laughter. Paaro- 
sapHBaTb rpOMKO. To speak loudly. 
, -aH, -oe, -bie, short form 
rpy6, rpy6a, rpy6|o, -H; adv. rpy6o 



1. coarse. Fpy6aa mepcib. Coarse 
wool. 

2. rude. FpySbifi qejioseK. A rude 
person. Fpy6oe oTHomeHHe. A 
rude attitude. FpyCo OTBCTHTb. 
To reply rudely. OH o^enb rpy6 
c TOBapnmaMH. He is very rude 
to his friends. 

3. erross. Fpy6aa oraH6Ka. A gross 
mistake. 



/., prepos. Ha rpyAH chest; 
breast 
<> KopMHTb peoeiiKa rpyAbio. To 

nurse (suckle) a child. 
TPySOBHK m., gen. -a lorry 

K AOMy noA^exaJi rpyaoBHK. A lor- 
ry drove up to the house. 

rpynriA /. group 

B Hamen TypiicTCKOH rpynne ceMb 
HeJiOBCK. There are seven people in 
our tourist group. Fpynna Aeey- 
uieK. A group of girls. 

TPyiCTHTb, -my, -cinuib, -CTHT imp.- 
o KOM? o ^CM? no KOMy? 
no H e M y? to miss, to be sad 
FpycxHTb o Toeapiime. To miss a 
friend. FpyciHTb o ceMbe. To miss 
one's family. 

TPyCTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
rpycTCH, rpycTna, rpycxH|o, -ti; 
adv. rpycTHO sad 

FpycTHMH HeJiObeK. A melancholy 
man. FpycTHoe JIHU.O. A sad face. 
FpycTHan HCCHH. A sad song. Mne 
rpycTHO. / feel sad. 



1. pear. KynnTt HecKOjibKO rpyra. 
To buy some pears. 

2. pear-tree. B HaineM caay pacxyT 
rpynm. There are pear-trees in 
our orchard. 

rPfl3H|blK, -aa, -oe, -we, short form 
rpnaeH, rpH3Ha, rpaanlo, -H; adv. 
rpa3HO 

1. muddy. FpHSHaa yjinna. A mud- 
dy street. 

2. lit. & fig. dirty. FpaaHaa py- 
6amKa. A dirty shirt. FpasHaH 
pa6oTa. Dirty work. FpaaHbiH 
nocTynoK. A dirty deed. OH Ha- 
nncaji rpaaHO. He wrote care- 
lessly. 

FPH3b /., prepos. B rpnari & 6 rpfi- 
3H, no pi. 



ryB 



30 



1. mud. Ha yjrane rpH3t. It's 
muddy in the street. 

2. dirt. FpH3b Ha BopoxHHKe*. Dirt 
on a collar. 

/., pi. ry6ti, ry6, ry6aM, etc. 

lip 

KpacHXb ry6bi. To make up one's 

lips. 
ryJlH|TB, -K>, -erab, -K>T imp. /p. no- 

ryjmjxb, -ID, -enib, -K>T to walk 

Fyjiaxb c pe6eHKOM. To go for a 

walk with a child. Fyjiaxb B Jiecy. 

To walk in the forest. 
ryCT|Ofl, -an, -de, -Me, short form 

rycx, rycxa, rycxjo, -H; adv. rycxo; 

com/?, ryme 

1. thick, dense. Fycxbie BOJIOCBI. 
Thick hair. Fycxoii nee. A thick 
forest. /JepeBbH pacxyx rycxo. 
The trees grow thick. 

2. thick. FycToii MCA. Thick hon- 
ey. Fycxaa CMexana. Thick sour 
cream. 

3. dense. FVCTOH xyMan. A dense 
fog. FycioH AUM. Thick 
smoke. 

ryC|B m., gen. pi. -en goose 

JKapeHLiH rycb. A roast goose. 
3uecb MHoro rycen. There are many 
geese here. 



#A particle 

1. yes. 3xo TLI? ,E(a, STO a. "7s 
that you?" "Yes, it's me." 

2. translated by the Imperative. 
Ra 3ApaBCTByex Mnp na aeMjie! 
Long live peace on Earth! 

#A|BATb, -K), -enib, -rox imp. KOTO? 
H T o? K o M y? H e M y? / p. jjaxb, 
flan, aarnb, ^acx, fla^HM, ^aAHTe, 
jiaayx, past A&JI, -a, -o, -H to give 
.ZJaxb KHHry xoBapnmy. To give a 
book to a friend. 

0- A aTb corjiacne Ha ^x6-JiH6o. 
To give one's consent to something. 

/JaTI> BO3MOH(HOCTb KOMy-JIHOO 

CAejiaxb qTO-JiH6o. To enable some- 
body to do something. 

AABJIEHHE neut. 

1. pressure. AxMOc$epnoe ^aBJi^- 
HHe. Atmospheric pressure. V 
nerd BticoKoe flaBJienne Kposn. 
He has a high blood pressure. 



2. fig. pressure. Onaaaxb 

Ha HCJioBeKa. To exert pressure 
on a person. 
JJABHO adv. 

1. long ago. 3xo 6biJio flaBHO. It 
was a long time ago. 

2. for a long time. H aBHo He BH- 
fleJi CBoero Apyra. / haven't seen 
my friend for a long time. 

.HAJKE particle even 

OH flgbKe He saxoxeJi oSe^axb. He 

would not even have dinner. 
ftAJIEE adv. further 

H xaK AaJiee (H x. A-)- And so on 

(etc.). 
^AJIEKjHfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

AaJie'K, AaJieK|a, -6, -H; adv. AaJieKo; 

comp. AaJibine distant 

J^aJieKafl cxpana. A distant country. 

Exaxfl AaJieKO. To go far. Buxb 

AaJieKO ox AOMa. To be far from 

home. 



paii- 



-HH, -ee, -ne 

1. distant, remote, ^a 
OHLI. Bemote regions. 

2. long. ,HajH>Hee nyxemecxBne. A 
long journey. 

3. distant. ^ajiLHHe POACXBCHHIIKH. 
Distant relatives. 

^AJIBIHE adv. further, on 
Hnxaiixe, nowajiyncxa, 
Will you read on, please? 
. Let's go on. 

Aapro, Aapnnib, Aapnx imp. 
KOTO? HXO? KOMy? qeM y?/ 
p. noAapiixb, noAapio, noAapnmb, 
noAapnx to give (a present) 
HoAapiixb xoBapnmy KHMry. To 
give a friend a book (as a present). 

#ATA /. date 

SHaMenaxeJibHafl Aaxa. A memorable 
date. 

flATB see flABATB 

^BEP|B /., gen. pi. -en door 

GxeKJiflHHaH ABepb. A glass door. 
OxKpwxb A B 6pt. To open the door. 
SaKpwxb A R 6pb. To close the door. 
BOHXH B ABepb. To come (go) 
through a doorway. 

#BfirA|TBCH, -rocb, -erabCH, -IOXCH 
or ABHJKembCH, ABtiJKyxca imp./ 
p. ABi'm|yxbCH, -ycb, -embCH, -yxcfl 
to move 

II6e3A ABiiHtexcfl co cnopocxbio 50 
KHJiOMexpOB B ?ac. The train is 
moving at a speed of 50 kilometres 



31 



ffEJI 



3. 






an hour. JIJBHraxBcfl Bnepeji;. To 
move ahead. He flBtfraiixecBj Don't 
move! 

HJKEHHE neut. 

1. movemeDt. ^BrnKenne njianex 
BOKpyr Cojmna. The movement 
of planets round the Sun. 

2. traffic. ^BHJKenHe xpancnopxa. 
Traffic. Pacnncamie flBHjKCHHH 
noesflOB. A railway lime-table. 
movement. HannoHaJiBHO-ocBo- 
6oAHTCJiBHoe ^BHJKeHHe. The na- 
tional liberation movement. Pa6d- 
nee flBHJKeHHe. The working-class 
movement. ^BHJKeHHe cxopoHen- 
KOB MHpa. The peace movement. 

see 
ftBOE num. two 

.Hade MyjK^HH. Two men. JjBoe cy- 

TOK. Two days. 
#BOP m., gen. -a 

1. courtyard. Mamima BtexaJia BO 
flBop. The motor-car drove into 
the yard. 

2. outside. Ha ABope XOJIOAHO. It 
is cold outside. 

,HBOP|EIJ m.. gen. -na palace 

KopoJieBCKHH flBopen,. King's 
palace. 

<> ^Bopen, KyjibTypw. A palace of 

culture. .Hsopei; cnopxa. A sports 

alace. 

/., gen. pi. -GK (little) 



3EBOHIKA 

girl 
Maj 



KpacMBan 
girl. 
^E^ 
father 
MOH 



A small girl. 
/., gen. pi. -en girl 

A beautiful 



gen. pi. -CK grand- 



JKHBCT B fl;epeBHe. 
My grandfather lives in the country. 

-an, -oe, -He 

duty. floKypHtiH span. Duty 
doctor. ^ejKypHan anieKa. Duty 
chemist's. ^ejKypnbiH Marasim. 
A duty shop. 

n. a person on duty. KTO ce- 
TOAHH AeJKypHtiH? Who is on 
duty today? JJeJKypHHH no 06- 
meTKMTHK). The man on duty at 
the hostel. 

neut. 

action. .ZJeficTBHe KHCJIOTLI na 
TKanb. The action of an acid on 
material. 



2. action. BTH flencTBHH 

K TOMy, HTO... These actions led 
to... 

3. action. ,IJeHCTBHe nponcxoflHT B 
ropoAe H. B XIX BOKO. The 
action takes place in the town of 
N. in the 19th century. 

4. act. B nbece 4 AeacTBHH. There 
are 4 acts in the play. 

AEflCTBftTEJIbHO 

1. adv. really. OH jjeHCTBHxejiBHo 
3TO SHaex. He really knows that. 

2. par en. word indeed, ^a, AGH- 

CTBHT6JIBHO, 9TO H}'>KHO. Yes, 

that's necessary indeed. 
ftEflCTBfiTEJIbHOCTb /., no pi. 
reality 

OG'BeKTHBHafl neHCTBMTeJIBHOCTB. 

Objective reality. ^eacxBHTeJiBHOCTB 

namiix AHGH. The reality of our 

time. 

<> B neScxBHTeJibHOCTH. In reality. 

ftEBCTBIOBATb, -yro, -yeniB, -yrox 
imp. 
\. to act. TenepB na^o AGHCXBO- 

BaxB. Now we must act. 
2. to affect. 3xo na MCHH ne AGH- 
cxByex. It doesn't affect me. 

JJEKAE1 |b m., gen. -H December 
B fleKaSpe Ha^HHaexcn 3HMa. Win- 
ter begins in December. CeroAHH 
xpeiBe A eKa ^P^- Today is the third 
of December. OH npne^eT BocBMoro 
,n;eKa6pa. He will arrive on the 
eighth of December. 

JJEKAH m. dean 

^eKaii ^HJioJiorM^ecKoro <J>aKyjiB- 
xexa yHHBepcuxexa. The Dean of 
the Philological Department of the 
University. 

flEKJIAPAlJHfl /. declaration 

.IJeKJiapanHH CXOPOHHHKOB Mirpa. 
A declaration of the peace-support- 
ers. 

#EJIA|Tb, -K), -emB, -rox imp. HXO?/ 
p. cjjeJia|xB, -H), -eraB, -rox 

1. to do. Hxo BBI fleJiaexe ceroAHfl 
BenepOM? What are you doing 
this evening? Mne Heiero Ae- 
jiaxB. I've nothing to do. H HH- 
Hero ne fleJiaro. / am doing 
nothing. 

2. K o r 6? H x o? K e M? K a K H M? 
to make. fleJiaxB ^exajin. To make 
parts. 3xo CASJiaJio ero c^acx- 
JIHBBIM. That made him happy. 



32 



3. to do. Mamiraa ^eJiaer 80 KM 
B qac. The motor-car does 80 km 
an hour. 

<> /Jejiaxb AOKJiaA. To make a re- 
port. /Jejiaxb OIIIHOKII. To make 
mistakes, /Jejiaxb na Myxn cjiotia. 
Gf. To make a mountain out of a 
molehill. 
^EJIEFAT ra. delegate 

JJeJierax KOH^epeHqHH. A delegate 
to a conference. 
JJEJIErAUHH /. delegation ^ 

IIpaBrixejibcxBeHHafl /jejieramiH. A 
government delegation. CnopxtiBHan 
AeJierau,HH. A sports delegation. 
^EJIflTb, flejiio, AeJiHinb, ^CJIHT imp. 
K o r 6? q x o? / p. paalAeJiwxb, 
K), -AeJiHinb, -Aejmx to divide 
cxpaminy na .use Hacxn. 
To divide a page into two parts. 
Pa3AeJitixb 10 na 2. To divide 10 
by 2. 

neut., pi. flejia, A6JI, AeJiaM, 
etc. business 

y M6H3 K BaM flCJIO. I've got busi- 

ness to discuss with you. 
<0> BaucHoe ACJIO. An important 
business. KaK Ae.ia? How are you 
getting along? On noine'ji no AG- 
jiaM. He went out on business. 3ro 
ne name flejio. It's not your busi- 
ness. B qeM jjeJio? PF/zafs the mat- 
ter? CflejiaTb qTO-nn6ynb Mew^y 
fle^oM. J"o c?o something at odd 
moments. 



, -an, -oe, -He 

democratic 

J^eMOKpaTHqecKHH cxpOH. A demo- 

cratic system. .ZJeMOKpaTHHecKan 

pecnySjiHKa. A democratic repub- 

lic. 
ftEMOKPATHH /. democracy 

IloJiHaH AeMOKpaiHH. Complete de- 

mocracy. 
flEMOHCTPAimfl /. 

1. demonstration. ,ZJeMOHCTpan;HH 
COCTO^TCH Ha nJionjaflH. The dem- 
onstration will take place in 
the square. 

2. showing, presentation. JJeMon- 
CTpauHH HOBoro (|)^JibMa. The 
showing of a new film. 

JJEHb m., gen. AHH day 

B Hanajie AHH. In the morning. B 
. At midday. Bo BTO- 



na 6e- 

was on 



POH noJioBHHe AHH. In the after- 
noon. B TeneHHe AHH. During the 
day. f Hepea 2 AHH. In 2 days. 
2 days ago. Ha 
Next day. 

BbixoAiioii Aenb. A day off. 
if. Independence 
Day. /Jenb pow.WHnn. Birthday. 
OH npiieaex na AUHX. He will come 
one of these days. Xo^HTb KVAa- 
-JiH6o qepea ;iein>. To go somewhere 
every other day. 

^EHbFH pi., no sing., gen. A^ner 
money 

IIoJiyTiaTb AeHbrn. To receive mon- 
ey. 

J3|ETiyTAT m. deputy 

flenyxaT napJiaMCHxa. A member of 
parliament, riajiara AenyxaTOB. The 
Chamber of Deputies. 

.HEPEBHfl /., gen. pi. Aepese 

1. village. ^epeBHa cxo;ijia 
pery peKH. The village 
the bank of the river. 

2. country(side). JKnxb B 
To live in the country. 

/JEPEBO neut., pi. AepeBhn, 

1. tree. BWCOKOO A^peBO. 
tree. 

2. only sing. wood. HHJHK 
peea. A wooden box. 

-aa, oe, -ue 

. A wooden house. 
Aep>KHmb, Aep- 

>Kax imp. K o r 6? H x o? to hold 
nopx^eJib. To hold a bag. 
pe6e'HKa Ha pyKax. To 
hold a child in one's arms, flep- 
axb pe5e'HKa aa pyKy. To hold 
a child by the hand. 
<> ^epwaxb ce6H B pyKax. To 
control oneself. 

p. cAep>Kaxb, CAep>Ky, CAepJKHmb, 
CAepwax. CAep>Kaxb CJIOBO. To keep 
one's word. 

JJEP5KATbCH, Aep>Kycb, Aep>KHmbCH, 
Aep>naxcfl imp. 3 a H x 6? 

1. to hold on. JJep>KaxbCH 3^ py- 
Ky. To clutch at somebody's 
hand. JJepraaxbCfl aa nepnjia. To 
hold on to the handrail. 

2. to behave. /JepmaxbCH xpa6po. 
To behave in a courageous man- 
ner. 



A tall 



H3 



wooden 



33 






/. part 

MainiiHbi. A part of a ma- 
chine. 

/>/., gen. aexen, dat. 
instr. flexbMH, prepos. o 
sing. pe6enoK children 
KHHTH RJin. flexea. Books for chil- 
dren, y nero flBoe jjexen. //e has 
two children. OXUBI H flexH. Fathers 
and sons. 

JJETCKIHH, -aa, -oe, -ne child's, 
children's 

.ZJexcKoe JIHHO. A child's face. 
.ZJexcKHH xeaxp. A children's the- 
atre. 
<0> ^excKHit cafl. A kindergarten. 

.HETCTBO neut., no pi. childhood 
B ftexcxse OH JKHJI B flepeBHe. He 
lived in the country in his child- 
hood. 

JJEDIEBIblfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form 
Denies, Aernesa, ^eraeB|o, -LI; adv. 
flemeBo; com/?. ^euieBjie cheap 
JJemeBLie Bein,H. Cheap things. Ky- 
mixb OBOIH.H ftemeBO. To buy vege- 
tables cheap. 

ftEHTEJIbHOCTb /. activity 

OGmecxBeHHaa AeaxeJibHocxb. So- 
cial activity. 

flHAMETP m. diameter 

/JnaMexp Kpyra. The diameter of 
a circle. 

JJHBAH m. divan 

GH^eTb na AHBane. To sit on a di- 
van. MarKHH ftHBan. A soft divan. 
Jle^b na AHBaH. To lie down on a 
divan. 

#UK|HH, -an, -oe, -He 

1. wild. RiiKwe jKHBOTHHe. Wild 
animals. ^iiKHe pacieHHH. Wild 
plants. 

2. fig. wild. ^HKHH KpnK. A wild 
cry. 

AHKTATYPA /. dictatorship 
m. diploma 

AHHJIOM HHH?6Hepa. To 

receive an engineer's diploma. 
flHnJIOMATflHECK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He 
diplomatic 

yCTaHOBHTb flHnJIOMaTlfaeCKHe OTHO- 

raeHHH. To establish diplomatic re- 
lations. ^HHJiOMaTHiecKHe oTHorae- 
HHH MeAy crpanaMH. Diplomatic 
relations between countries. 
OTPEKTOP m., pi. -a director 

^npeKTOp saBOAa. The director of 

3-4002 



a plant. ^npeKiop IHKOJIH. The 
director of a school, head-master. 

JJHPEDKEP m. conductor (of an or- 
chestra) 

flHOJHIIJIfiHA /., no pi. discipline 
Co6JHO,n;aTb AHcn,HnjiHHy. To observe 
discipline. ^HCHHnjraHa na ypone. 
The discipline at the lesson. 

ftJlHHA /., no pi. length 

Mepa flJiHHBi. A measure of length. 

IlSMepHTb AJIHHy KOMHaTLI. To 

measure the length of a room. YJIH- 
na AJIHHOK) B 3 KHJioMexpa. A street 
3 kilometres long. HptUKKii B RJIII- 
ny. Long jumping. 
^JllIHHlLlfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form 

AJIHH6H, A^HHHa, flJIEHHO, AJIIJHHtl 

1. long. ^JiMiHHoe naJibxo. A long 
overcoat. 

2. long. ^JIMHHLIH nyxb. A long 
way. 

3. only short form AjrimeH, AJiHHH|a, 
-6, -BI too long. IlaJibxo 

The overcoat is too long. 
ftJIH prep, -\-gen. 

1. for. yHe6miKH RJIH. 
Textbooks for students. Kynnxb 
HrpymKH AJIH ^exen. To buy 
toys for children. 

2. to. flJiH nero axo xnjKejiHH yap. 
It's a heavy blow to him. 

flHEBHHK m ., gen. -a diary 

BecxH AHGBKHK. To keep a diary. 

ftHEBHlOfl, -aa, -oe, -bie 

1. daytime. ^HeBHbie saHaxna. Day- 
time lessons. 
2. day. ^HCBHOH CBCX. Daylight. 

.HHEM adv. in the daytime 

^HCM H^apKO. It's hot in the day- 
time. 

JJHO neut., no pi. bottom 

^HO peKH. The bottom of a river. 
MopCKoe AHO. Sea bottom. HflTii KO 
Any. To sink to the bottom. 

ftO prep. -{-gen. 

1. to. Ox MOCKBLI #0 Knesa. From 
Moscow to Kiev, ^oexaxb 30 
neHxpa. To go to the centre. ^OH- 
TH j\o ABepH. To reach the door. 

2. till. Ox 2 AC- 5. From 2 till 5. 
G yxpa Beiepa. From morn- 
ing till evening. 

3. to. Bopb6a AO no6eAM. A fight 
to the victorious end. ^OHHxaxb 
KHHry AO KOHH.a. To read the 
book to the end. 



AOE 



34 



<> /Kii.iHb flo noiiiibi. Li/e before 

the war. 

flOEABHTb see ^OBABJlHTb 
^OBABJlHlTb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. 

HTO? nero? I p. Ao6a|Birrb, -BJIIO, 

-BHIDb, -BHT 

1. to add. ,ZJo6aBHTb COJIH B cyn. 
To add salt to the soup. 

2. to add. ,Ho6aBHTb necKOJibKO 
CJIOB. To add a jew words. 

JJOEHBAITbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -IOTCH, 

imp. 'i e r 6? / />. Ao6iiTbCH, Ao6b|i6cb, 

-einbcH, -I&TCH to strive 

,ZJo6nBaTbCH ycnexa. To strive for 

success. 

JJOEHTbCfl see /JOEHBATbCH 
^OEP|bIH, -an, -oe, -LIC, short form 

Ao6p, Ao6pa, Ao6po, Ao6pti kind 

JjoSpbiii HeJioBeK. ^4 kind person. 

<)> JJoGpbiii Aetib! Good afternoon! 

4o6poe y-rpo! Good morning! JIionii 

Aoftpoii BOJIH. People of good will. 

ByjjhTe AoSpw. Be so /cmrf. CAB- 

jiaTb MTO-jiHGo no AoGpoii BQJIG. 

To do something out of good will. 
^OEbIBA|Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. 

I ITO?//>. AoSbiTb, ASy;j,ly, -ciiib, 

-yx to extract 

4o6biBaib yroJib. To mine coal. 
JJOEb'ITb see AOEblBATb 
.H.OBEPHE neut., no pi. confidence, trust 

OnpaBjaxb AOBepne. To justify 

somebody's confidence. 3acJiy?KHTb 

AOBepne. To prove to be worthy of 

one's trust. 

JJOBEPHTb see ^OBEPflTb 
/JOBEPHlTb, -K), -einb, -K)T imp. H TO? 

K M V? / p. AOBep|HTb, -K), -HIDb, -HT 

1. no p. to trust. J^ofiepnTb ^py- 
ry. To trust a friend. 

2. to entrust. JJoBepHTb Apyry 
TaHHy. To take a friend into 
one's confidence. 

JJOBECTH see 

AOBOH<y, 

imp. KOTO? HTO? AO 
? I p. AOfiecTif, AOBeAly, -enib, 
-yT, past AOBCJI, AOBeJi|a, -6, -H to 
lead to (as far as), up to 
^OBecTH Koro-HH6yAi> AO KaKoro- 
Hn6yAi> MecTa. To lead somebody 
as jar as some place. J^OBOCTH 
Majib^HKa AO CTaniiHH. To take the 
boy to the station. 

<> /JOBeCTH A6JIO AO KOIIIia. TO 



complete an undertaking. 
Koro-JinSo AO c.163. To make one cry. 
AOBOJIbHO 

1. adv. rather. Vme AOBOJibiio noaA- 
HO. It's rather late already. 

2. predic. impers. (it is) enough. 

y>Ke nosAHo: AOBOJILHO BaM aa- 
HHMaTbCH. It's already late: 
you're studied long enough. 
^OBOJIbH|blfl, -aa, -oe, -we, short 
form AOBOJien, AOBoJibH|a, -o, -bi 
K e M? H c M? contented, pleased 
^OBOJibHbiii BIIA. A contented look. 
H AOBO^GH TBoeii pa6oToii. / am 
pleased with your work. 
see 



-iocb, -euibCH, 
-IOTCH imp. o HCM?//>. AoraAa|Tb- 
CH^-rocb, -embCH, -IOTCH to guess 
OH AoraAaJicH, o ^M OHH roBO- 
piijin, XOTH OHU roBopiiJin TIIXO. 
He guessed what they were talking 
about, though they were talking in 
low roices. 

.UOFHATb see JJOFOHtfTb 

#OrOBAPHBA|TbCH, -iocb, -eiiibcn, 
-IOTCH imp. o M e M? c KCM? / 

p. AOrOBOp|lITbCH, -K)Cb, -iinibCH, 

-HTCH to agree, to fix 
,H,oroBopiiTbCH o BCTpe^e c TOBapn- 
ineM. To fix a meeting with a 
friend. GTpaHbi AoroBopHJiiicb o 
KyjibTypnoM o6Mene Ha cJie^yio- 
IU.HH roA. The countries agreed about 
the next year' s cultural exchange. 
m. treaty, agreement 
o Apy>K6e H BaaiiMHOH no- 
MOUI.H. treaty of friendship and 
mutual aid. MripHbiii Aorosop. A 
peace treaty. ToproBbiii Aorosop. 
A trade agreement. 3aKJiK)HHTb 
MiipHHH AoroBOp. To conclude a 
peace treaty. XloAnncaTb 
o Mwpe. To sign a peace treaty. 

ftOrOBOPfiTbCH see AO 
BATbCH 

flOrOHH|Tb, -K), -enib, -TOT imp. KO- 
TO? ITO? I p. AornaTb, AoroHio, 
AoroHHmb, AoroHHT, past AorHaJi, 
-raaJilo, -H to overtake 

y6eraioin,ero HCJiOBena. 
To overtake a fugitive. \\ fig. OH 
AOJiro 6oJieJi, HO OH AOFOHHT CBOK> 
rpynny. He was ill for a long time 
but he will catch up with the group. 



AOE 



35 



AOM 



, -K), -einb, -IOT imp. AO 
Hero? I p. Aoexaxb, AoeAly, -enib, 
-yx to reach 

Aoexaxb 30 MOCKBH. To reach Mos- 
cow. H AoexaJi ox MOCKBH AO Jle- 
HHHrpaAa sa 8 ^acoe. It took me 
8 hours to get to Leningrad from 
Moscow. OSbFiHO OH jjoesjKaJi AO 
n.eHxpa na afix66yce, a HOXOM me'ji 
neraKOM. He usually went to the 
centre by bus, and then walked. 

JJOEXATb see AO3)KATb 

ftO^KftJIflBlblft, -aa, -oe, -bie rainy 
.ZJojKAJiMBaH noroAa. Rainy weath- 
er. JJOJKAJIHBMH A6Hb. A rainy 
day. TJo^A-KHBoe jiexo. A rainy 
summer. 



m., gen. -H ran 
AO>KA b - ft rains. IIpoJiHBHoH 
AO?KAI>. Pouring rain. RowRb Jibex 
KaK H3 B6Apa. It is raining cats and 
dogs. MeJiKHH oceHHHH aoHCftb. An 
autumn drizzle. HOA A O>K AGM. In the 
rain. 

JJOflTH see ftOXOJJHTb 

,0;OKA3ATEJIbCTBO neut. proof, evi- 
dence 

CyA*>H xpeSoBaJi AQKaaaxejibcxB. The 
judge demanded proof (s). 

,0;OKA3ATb see flQKASblBATb 

.HOKASblBAITb, -K), -enib, -K>T imp. 
HTO? KOMy?//?. AQKasaib, AQKa- 
?Ky, AOKaa^emb, AOKamyx to prove 
A KaK Bbi AQKa?Kexe, HXO BM npa- 
Bbi? And how are you going to prove 
that you are right? ^OKaaaxb axo 
xpyAHO. It's difficult to prove that. 
m. report 

AOKJiaA- ^4 scientific re- 
port. HnxepecHbiH AOKJIBA- An in- 
teresting report. CAGJiaxb AOKJiaA- 
To make a report. FoxoBHXb AO- 
KJiaA. To prepare a report. Toxo- 
BHXbcn K AOKJiaAy- To prepare for 
a, report. 

JJ6KTOP m., pi. -a 

1. doctor. OnwxHbiH AOKXop. An 
experienced doctor. HaAQ noasaxb 
AOKXopa. A doctor must be 
called. rioHXH K AOKXOpy. To go 
to a doctor. Btixb y ;j<5 KTO P a - 
To be at the doctor's. 

2. doctor. AOKXOP nayK. A doctor 
(of science). 

m. 
1. usu. pi. document. 

3* 



AOKyMeHxti. To get the docu- 
ments. 

2. document. 3xo onem, Ba^HtiH 
AOKyMenx. It is a very impor- 
tant document. HcxopHHecKHH AO- 
KyMenx. An historical document, 
m. 

1. no pi. duty. 3xo MOH AOJir. It's 
my duty. BbinoJiHHXb CBOH 

To do one's duty. 

2. pi. AO-Jini debt. Banxb 

B AOJir. To borrow money. OT- 

Aaib AOJir. To pay one's debt. 

Hinexb AOJIFH. To be in debt. 

V nerd MHoro AOJiroB. He has a 

lot of debts. 

<> H SHJI B AOJiry nepeA HHM. / 
was indebted to him. 

adv. for a long time 

Aaxb. To wait for a long 
time. 
JDKEH, AOJi>Kii|a, -6,^ -M 

1. must. MM AQJi?KHbi MHoro pa66- 
xaxb. We must work a lot. EoJib- 
Haa AOJi>KHa JiejKaxb B nocieJiH. 
The sick woman has to keep to 
her bed. H AOJUKGH noiixri B Ma- 
rasan. / must go shopping. MBI 
safixpa AOJI?KHLI 6yA?M Bcxpe- 
XHXbCH. We shall hare to meet 
tomorrow. OH AOJHKeH 6uxb 3Aecb 
B 2 naca. He is to be here at 
2 o'clock. 

2. to owe. TBI MHe AOJI>KCH 10 py6- 
jieH. You owe me 10 roubles. 
m., pi. -a house 

Ilocxponxb AOM. To build a house. 
<> #OM Kyjibxypw. A house of cul- 
ture. /JoM OTAbixa. A rest-home. 

/JOMA adv. TAG? at home 

Pa66xaxb AOMa. To work at home. 
H 6yAy AOMa B 6 ^acoB Beqepa. 
/'// be home at 6 o'clock in the eve- 
ning. 

/JOMAfflHIHft, -HH, -ee, -He 

1. home. /JoMaiHHHH pa66xa. Home- 
work. ^oManinee aaAanne. A 
home-task. J]|oManiHHH 

A private telephone. 

2. domestic. .ZJoManmne 
Domestic animals. 

adv. KyAa? home 
HAXH AOMOH. To walk home. Exaxb 
AOMOH. To go home. EocJie pa66xu 
fl oSbiHHO HA}^ AOMOH. After work I 
usually go home. 



flop 



36 



/. 

1. road. HlnpOKaH Aopora. A wide 
road. 

2. way. IIoKaaaxb Aopory. To show 
the way. 

3. journey. B Aopore 6wjio seceJio. 
It was a merry journey, Vcxaxb 
c Aoporn. To be tired after one's 
journey. 

<> SKeJiesHan nopora. A railway. 
HATH CBOCH Aoporofi. To go one's 
way. Ho Aopore. On the way. Ho 
Aopore AOMOH OH KVHHJI rasexy. On 
the way home he bought a newspa- 
per, 

ftOPOrjGfl, -an, -6e, -ne, short form 
Aopor, Aopora, Aopor|o, -H; adv. 
Aoporo; comp. Aop6>Ke 

1. expensive, dear. JJoporon KO- 
CXIOM. An expensive suit. .ZJopo- 
raa Me6ejib. Expensive furniture. 

2. dear. JJoporon Apyr. Dear friend. 

3. cherished, dear. Joporpie BOCHO- 
MHHaHHH. Cherished recollections. 

#0 CBHAAHHH see CBHftAHHE 
ftOCKA /., ace. AocKy; pi. AOCKH, AO- 
COK, AOcnaM, etc. 

1. board, fty 66 Ban AOCKa. An oak 
board. 

2. blackboard. HucaxB na AOCKe. To 
write on the blackboard. Gxepext 
c J^OGKU. To clean the blackboard. 

<> Kjiaccnafl AOCKa. Blackboard. 
IIIaxMaTHaa AOCKa. Chessboard. 
/JocKa noqexa. Roll of honour. 
ftOCTAiBATb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
qxo? / p. Aocxajxb, -ny, -nerab, -nyx 

1. AO Hero? to reach. ^ocxaBaib 
AO noxojiKa. To reach the 
ceiling. 

2. to get, to take. ftocxaBaxb KHH- 
ry c nojiKH. To get a book from 
the shelf. JJocxasaxb nJiaxbe H3 
niKa$a. To take a dress out of 
the wardrobe. 

3. to get. ftocxasaxb 6iuiexbi B KH- 
HO. To get tickets for the cinema. 

ftOCTATOHHO 

1. adv. enough. Pa66xaib Aocxa- 
XOIHO AO^ro. To work long 
enough. 

2. predic. impers. (it is) enough, 
that will do. MHO qnxaxb AaJib- 
me? Hex, flOcxaxoiHO. "Shall I 

ft on reading?" "No, that'll do." 
Tb see flOCTABATb 



flOCTHrA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -K>T imp. 
qero? / p. ACTHrH!yxb, -y, -erab, 
-yx & AOCXMHb, AOCXHrn|y, -einb, 
-yx, past Aocxar, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH 

1. to reach. Ajibnirancxbi AOCXHFJIH 
sepniHHbi ropti. The mountain 
climbers reached the top of the 
mountain. 

2. to achieve, ^ocxnraxb Gojibnrax 
ycnexoB. To achieve great success. 
^ocxHHb npeKpacHbix peayjibxa- 
XOB. To achieve splendid results. 

flOCTfirHYTb see ftOCTBTATb 
AOCTH5KEHHE neut. achievement 

^OCXHHteHHH MHpOBOH HayKH. The 

achievements of world science. 
^OXO^flTb, Aoxowy, AOxoAHmb, AO- 
XOAHX imp. AO KOTO? AO ^ e " 
rd?V p. AOH|XM, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx, 
/?as^Aome'ji, Aomji|a, -6, -H to reach, 
to go as far as 

.ZJoHxii AO yHHBepcuxexa. To reach 
the University. Ox yHHBepCHxexa AO 
o6m;e>KitxHH H Aomeji nemKOM. / 
walked all the way from the Uni- 
versity to the hostel. 

/., gen., dat., prepos. 
ace. A0 qfc . instr. AO^epbio; pi. 
nepn, AQ^epeH, Ao^epeM 
AO^epbMH (AOiepHMH), o AOiepax 
daughter 

MJiaAmaa AQHb. The youngest daugh- 
ter. GpeAHflfl AO^b. The middle 
daughter. Gxapman AOHb. The eld- 
est daughter. 

, -HH, -ee, -He ancient 

napOAu. Ancient peoples. 

HCXopHH. Ancient history. 

naMHTHHKH apxHxeKxypu. 
Ancient monuments of architecture. 



-y, -lmb, -ax mp. 

1. to quiver. JlncxbH ApoJKax na 
^epese. The leaves are quivering 
on the tree. 

2. to tremble, to shiver. ApOKaxb 
ox xoJiOAa. To shiver with cold. 
.H.poJKaxb ox cxpaxa. To tremble 
with Jear. 

m. t pi. Apysba, Apyaen friend 
GxapMH APY r - An old friend. Ro- 
poroH Apyr. A dear friend. Jlro- 
6HMbiH Apyr. A very dear friend. 
Bepeue Apysbfi. Faithful friends. 
<$ CTapbia Apyr Jiy^rae IIUIIMK 
eyx (proverb). An old friend is 



37 



better than two new ones. 
noanaiOTCH B 6eae (proverb). Cf. 
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 
yriOfl, -H, -de, -HC 

1. different. TBI cxaji flpyniM. 
You've become different. 

2. other. yBHflHMca B Apyrdn pas. 
We'll meet some other time. 

3. used as n. other. OAHH nonmif 
B KHHO, inpyriae B xeaxp. Some 
went to the cinema, others to the 
theatre. 

<> Ha flpyrofi jjeHb. The next day. 
yjKEA /., no r pl. friendship 
EojiBmaa ApyjKSa. A great friend- 
ship. ,E(p3'jK6a HapdAOB (or: M&Kfly 
Hapdji;aMH). Friendship between 
peoples. 



max zra/?. c KCM? c HCM? to be 
friends 

JJpyjKHXB c xoBapumaMH no HHCXH- 
xyxy. To be friends with one's 
fellow-students. 
flPy}KH|blfl, -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. 



1. friendly, united. ^pyjKnafl CCMBH. 
A united family. JKnxB ApyHmo. 
To live in friendship. 

2. concerted. ^pVHuraa pa6dxa. 
Team work. Pa6dxaxB 

To work as a team. 



, -K), -efflB, -IOT imp. qxo? 
o KOM? o H CM? & -f- inf. I p. no^y- 
Ma|TB, -K), -erat, -IOT to think 
H6M TBI jnyMaemB? What are you 
thinking about? HTO TBI ayMaeniB 06 
3TOM? What do you think of that? 
.DjMaio, ^TO OH roBopHT npaB^y. 
/ think he is speaking the truth. 
H flyMaro aaHHTBca cndpTOM. / am 
thinking of taking up sport. 

ftYPAK m., gen. -a fool 

-K), -emB, -IOT imp. 

1. to blow. G MOPH AyeT BeTep. 
A wind is blowing from the sea. 

2. impers.: 3,o;ecB ,n;yeT. There is a 
draught here. 

m. shower 

yni. To take a shower. 
/., ace. aymy; pi. flyran soul 
<> Xoponio na ayrae. At ease. 
jtejiaTb c flymofi. To put one's 
heart into something. IIoroBOpHTb no 
To have a heart-to-heart 



talk. Iloojiaro^apMTb OT j^yinif. To 
thank from the bottom of one's 
heart. Ay ma 66m;ecTBa. The life 
of the party. 
HIH|blfl, -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. Aymno 

1. sultry. .DjmHLiH Be^ep. A sultry 
evening. 

2. adv., predic. impers. (to be) suf- 
focating. Mne .nynmo. / am su f. 
focating. 

m., no pi. smoke 
rycToii ABIM. Dense smoke. 
<> Hex flbJMa 6ea ornfl (proverb). 
There's no smoke without a fire. 
.HblXAHHE neut., no pi. breathing 

. Deep breathing. 



imp. 

1. to breathe. Fjiy6oKO 

To breathe deep. JjBiinaxB noJi- 

HOH rpyAbio. To breathe deep. 

TnjKeJid ALiuiaxB. To breathe 

with difficulty. 
2.: BaM Ha^o A^iniaxB CBGJKHM BOS- 

AxoM. You must get fresh air. 
m. uncle 



E, e 



EFO poss. pron., indecl. his 

3xo erd nopx<|)eJib. This is his 

brief-case. 3xa KHiira erd. This book 

is his. 
E#A /., no pi. food 

BKycHaa e^a. Tasty food. 
EflBA 

1. adv. nearly. OH e^Ba ycneJi Ha 
ypdK. He was nearly late for his 
lesson. Ona e^Ba He ycnyjia. She 
nearly fell asleep. 

2. co/i/. hardly. E^Ba OH BLimeJi Ha 
y jinny, naK na^ajicH AOJKAB. 
Hardly had he gone cut into the 
street when it began to rain. 

EflfiHCTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie only 
EAHHCXBeHHHH CUB. An only son. 
EAMHCxBeHHMH KocxiOM. The only 
suit. 

E^flHCTBO neut. unity 

EAHHCXBO BarJiHAOB. Unity of views. 
EAHHCXBO xedpHH H npaKTHKH. The 
unity of theory and practice. 



38 



5KAJI 



E,H HIIs Mil, -an, -oe, -Me united, single 
EAHHaa BOJIH. A singh will. EAH- 
HBIH nJiaH. A single plan. 
EE pois. pron., indecl. her, hers 

3io ee naJibTo. This is her coat. 
3iH KHHFH ee. These books are 
hers. 

E5KEAHEBH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. 
e>KeAHeBHo daily 

raaeia. A daily paper. 
AeJiaTb yxpeHHioK) aa- 
. To do p.t. exercises daily. 
E3|^HTb, ->Ky, -AHHib, -AHT imp. 

1. to gO. Ka>KAbIH A6Hb H C3>Ky 

B HHCTHTJT Ha xpaMBae. Every 
day I go to the Institute by tram. 
B nponuioM ro^y H ea^HJi na 
KaBKaa. Last year I went to the 
Caucasus. 

2. to ride. H yMeio eaAHTb na BG- 
JiocnneAe. / can ride a bicycle. 

JI|KA /., gen. pi. -OK fir-tree 

B Jiecy MHoro CJIOK. There are many 

fir-trees in the forest. 

<> HoBoroAHflfl CJiKa. New Year 

tree. 
ECJIH con/. 

1. if. ECJIH a ne 6yAy SOJICH, TO 
oGHaaiejibHo npn^y B xeaxp. // 
/ am not ill, I'll certainly come 
to the theatre. ECJIH XOTHTC, H 
paccna>Ky Batn. // you want, I'll 
tell you. ECJIH 6M H snaji 06 
3TOM panbine, ii 6w ne npuiueji. 
// / had known this earlier I 
should not have come. 

2. whereas. ECJIH Ha cesepe cipaHbi 
6 T ieHi> XOJIOTJHO, TO Ha rore JKapno. 

Whereas it is very cold in the 
north of the country, it is very 
hot in the south. 
ECTfiCTBEHH|Mft, -an, -oe, -bie, short 

form ecxecTBeH, ecTecTB6HH|a, -o, 

-bi; adv. eciecTBeHHO 

1. only complete form natural. 
EcTeCTBeHHbie HayKH. Natural 
sciences. EcTecTBeHHtiH ^aKyjib- 
Ter. Natural science faculty. 

2. natural. EcTecTBeHHoe 
A natural desire. 

ECTb 1 , CM, emb, CCT, efl;viM, CAHTC, 

imper. emb, euibxe, past eJi, ejia 
imp. I p. CT>ecTb, cteM, ci.enib, CT>eCT, 
ci>eAHM, cte^HTe, ci>eAT to eat 
EcTb cyn. To eat soup. Xo^erab 
^a, H oqenfa xoiy ecxb. 



u Are you hungry?" "Yes, I am 

very hungry." 
ECTb 2 see BblTb 
EXATb, e^|y, -eiiib, -yj; imper. noea- 

>KaH, noe/jeM, noeawaHTe imp. K y- 

A a? H a q e M? to go 

Exaxb na napoxoAe. To go by ship. 

ExaTb na TpaMBae. To go by tram. 

Exaxb na noeaAe. To go by train. 

Exaib Ha aBTo6yce. To go by bus. 

HoeAGM na MeTpo! Let's go by the 

underground! AfiioSyc 6biCTpo 6A6T. 

The bus is going fast. IlHOHepbi 

eAyT B Jiarepb. The Young Pioneers 

are going to camp. 
E1HE adv. 

1. more. J^aHxe MHe eme xJie6a. 
Give me some more bread, fl xo- 
qy KyniiTb KOCTIOM H eme OAHH 
raJiCTyn. / want to buy a suit 
and one more tie. 

2. still. OH eme onenb MOJIOA. He 
is still very young. 

3. as much as. OH yexaji eme TOA 
HaaaA. He left as much as one 
year ago. 

4. still. V nac eme MHOFO BpeMeHH. 
We still have plenty of time. 

5. still. OH cxaji eme Ao6pe9 H 
Jiyqnie. He became still kinder 
and better. 



5KAJJH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form 

H<aAH, HtaAHa, >KaAH|o, -H; adv. 

waAHO stingy 

>KaAHHH neJioBeK. A stingy person. 
5KAJl|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. / 

p. no>KaJie|Tb, -10, -eoib, -K>T 

1. KOTO? HTO? to pity. H{aJieTb 
peSeHKa. To pity a child. 

2. o KOM? o HCM? or followed 
by con]. *i T o to be sorry. }Ka- 
jieib o noxepHHuoM BpeMeHH. To 
be sorry for the time lost, fl ma- 
jieio, HTO ne noexaJi na aKCKyp- 
CHK). / am sorry I did not go on 
the excursion. 

3. H e r 6? to grudge. >KaJierb Aener. 
To grudge the money. 

3KAJIKO (5KAJIb) adv., predic. im- 
pers. KOMy? KOTO? HTO? or 
Hero? 



5KAJI 



39 



5KEH 



1. KOTO? HTO?(to be) sorry. MHG 
jKajiKO xe6fl. / am sorry for you. 
Mne jKaJiKo cecxpy. / am sorry 
for my sister. HaM >KaJiKO Hani 
ciapMH JJOM. We feel sorry for 
our old home. Mne JKaJiKO noxe- 
pHHHoro BpeMGHH. I'm sorry for 
the time lost. 

2. followed by conj . HXO. JKaJiKO, 
HXO xbi ne npHine'ji. It's a pity 
that you didn't come. 

3. Hero? to grudge. EM}' JKaJiKo 
gener. He grudges the money. 

JKAJIjOBATbCH, -yrocb, -yembCH, 
-yioxcH imp. na KOTO? na qxd? 
KOMy?//?. no>Kaji|oBaxbcH, -yiocb, 
-yembCH, -yroxca to complain 
JKajiOBaxbCH na Cbma. To complain 
of one's son. 

5KAJIB see 5KAJIKO 

5KAPEH|blfi, -an, -oe, -tie fried, 
roast 

JKapenan Kapxoinna. Fried pota- 
toes. JKapenoe MHCO. Roast meat. 

5KAP|HTb,-K>, -iiinb, -HX imp. HXO?/ 
p. no,ipKap|HXb, -to, -Hinb, -HX to 
fry, to roast 

IIoA>KapHXb KapxdmKy. To fry po- 
tatoes. >Kapnxb MHCO. To roast 
meat. 

5KAPK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. JKapKo; 
com p. jKapne 

1. hot. JKapKHH flenb. A hot day. 
JKapKaH noroAa. Hot weather. 
?KapKoe Jiexo. A hot summer. 

2. adv., predic. impers. (is) hot. 
Mne HtapKO. / am hot. Cero^HH 
o^enb jKapno. It's very hot to- 
day. CxaJio e^e wap^e. It be- 
came still hotter. 

JKATb, }KM|y, -einb, -yx imp. H x o?/ 
p. nowaxb, no7KM\y, -emb, -yx to 
press, to squeeze 

IIo>Kaxb KOMy-HH6yn;!> pyny. To 
shake hands with somebody. 

HCmATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past JK^aJi, 
Htflajia, JKA^Jilo, -H imp. KOTO? 
^ x o? or ^ e r 6? 

1. KOTO? qxo? to wait. /Kaxb 
flpyra. To wait for a friend. 
JKflaxb cecxpy. To wait for one's 
sister. Hfaaxb TpaMBan. To wait 
for a tram. 

2. nerd? to expect. JK/jaxb nncb- 
Ma. To expect a letter. 

. To expect help. 



5KE (HC) particle 

1. emphatic particle: Hxd >Ke xti 
MOJiHHmb? Why on earth are you 
silent? Hxd JKC MHC ^eJiaxb? What 
shall I do? Kxd >Ke anaji, HXO no- 
roAa H3M6HHXCH? Who could know 
that the weather would change? 

2. exactly, very, just, etc. V Menn 
ecxb xanaa >Ke KHHra, KaK y 
xe6n. I've got an exactly the same 
book as you. Ko MHe npnxoAHJi 
xdx >Ke span, KOxdpbiH npnxo- 
fliiji K xe6e. / was attended by 
the same doctor as you. B xy we 
MHHyxy paaflajicfl BBOHOK. At 
that very moment the bell rang. 

5KEJIAHHE neut. wish 

y MCHH 6oJibmde TKeJiaHne 
CH. / am eager to learn. 

5KEJIA|Tb, -10, -einb, -iox imp. K o- 
M y? 'i e M y? nerd? or followed 
by inf./p. no>Kejia|xb, -ro, -enib, -iox 
to wish 

/Kejiaio BaM c^acxbn, B^opoBbH H 
SoJibiHHX ycnexoB. / wish you hap- 
pi?iess, good health and great suc- 
cess. >Kejiaio BaM Bcerd Hanjiyq- 
mero. / wish you all the best. >Ke- 
jiaio BaM xopomd ox^oxnyxb. / 
wish you a good rest, fl He HteJiaio 
HHierd CJiymaxb. / don't want to 
hear anything. 

5KEJIE3H|bIH, -an, -oe, -we 

1. iron. }KeJie~3Hafl Kptima. A met- 
al roof . >KeJie3HaH py^a. Iron ore. 

2. fig. iron. JKeJiesnoe a^opoBbe. 
Strong health. }Kejie3Han BOJIH. 
An iron will. 

<> JKejieanaa #op6ra. Railway. 
5KEJIE30 n., no pi. iron 

B 3TOH pyAe MHoro 5Ke;ie3a. There 

is much iron in this ore. QueJiaxb 

Hxd-Hn6yA b H3 JKCJiesa. To make 

something out of iron. 
5KEJIT|blH, -an, -oe, -bie yellow 

>Ke'jixaH KpacKa. Yellow paint. >Ke'ji- 

xbifi ijBex. Yellow colour. >Ke'jixoe 

nJiaxbe. A yellow dress. 
5KEHA /., pi. >Ke'Hbi wife 

Moa wena Bpa^. My wife is a 

doctor. 
5KEHAT|blH, -bie; short form JKenax, 

-bi (of men or of a married couple) 

married 

JKeHaxbifi HCJiOBeK. A married man. 

H. He 5K6H3X. I'm not married. 



JKEH 



40 



>KYP 



5KEHfiTbCH, 

HHTCH imp. & p. na K 6 M? to 

marry 

MOH flpyr JKGHHTCH. My friend is 

getting married. OH JKGHiijiCH Ha 

KpacHBOH fleBynrae. He married a 

beautiful girl. 

p. also HomeHHTbCH, sing, not used, 

pi. HOJKeHHMCH, nOTKCHHTeCb, HOJKe- 

HHTCH to get married 
OHH no>KeHWJiHCb y>Ke #aBHo. They 
married quite a long time ago. 
3KEHCK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne woman's, 
women's 

66yBb. Women's footwear. 



International Women's Day. 
3KEHmHHA /. woman 

KpacHsaH JKennniHa. A beautiful 

woman. 
5KEPTBA /. 

1. sacrifice. BbiTb TOTOBLIM na JIK>- 
6 tie JKepTBti. To be ready to 
make any sacrifices. HpuHOCHTb 
JKepiBbi. To make sacrifices. 

2. victim. Buxb (cxaib) JKCPTBOH. 
To be (become) a victim. 

JKECTKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne wiry, hard 
}KecTKHe BOJIOCBI. Wiry hair. JKecT- 
KHH jjHBaH. A hard divan. 
<> JKecTKiifi Baron. Hard-seated 
railway carriage. 

/KECT6K|HH, -an, -oe, -He 

1. cruel. HtecTOKHH neJioBen. A 
cruel person. 

2. bitter, severe. JKecxoKaa 6opb6a. 
A bitter struggle. JKeciOKHH aa- 
KOH. A cruel law. 



JKry, ?K>Kemb, jKryx, past 
, >KrJi|a, -o, -H imp. KOTO? 
H T o? / p. cjKCHb, cowry, cojKJKemb, 
co>KryT, past OKe'r, coktrji|a, -6, -H 

1. to burn. GJKe^b nncbMO. To burn 
a letter. JKe^b 6eH3HH, KepocHH, 
yroJib, ApOBa. To burn petrol, 
paraffin, coal, firewood. 

2. fig. to burn. Gojinne JKJK6T. The 
sun is scorching. Mopoa HOK6T 
JiHqo H pyKH. The frost bites 
the face and the hands. 

5KHB|OH, -an, -oe, -we, short form 

MKHB, JKHBa, JKHB|0, -W, adv . WIIBO 

1. alive. 

2. living. JKnBaH npHpo^a. Living 
nature. 



3. fig. lively. JKHBOH pe6e'HOK. A 
lively child. JKHBOH yM. Live- 
ly wit. 

4. living. H\HBOH HSHK. A living 
language. 

<> /KiiBi.'ie UBCThi. Natural flowers. 
3KHBOT m., gen. -a stomach 

y MCHH SOJIHT WHBOT. / have a 

stomach-ache. 
5KHBOTH|OE neut., gen. -oro animal 

^HKHe JKHBOTHbie. Wild animals. 

^OManiHHe JKHBOTHbie. Domestic 

animals. 
HCflAKjHfl, -a*, -oe, -ne 

1. liquid. JKiiAKoe TGJIO. A liquid 
substance. 

2. thin. JKiiflKHH cyn. Thin soup. 
JKHAKaa cMeiana. Thin sour 
cream. 

5KU/JKOCTB /. liquid 

Hand^iHHTb cocyfl miiAKOCTbio. To 

fill a vessel with a liquid. 
M3HEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -Lie life 

}KH3HeHHbiH onbiT. Life experience. 
{H3Hb /. life 

/KnaHb HeJioBena. Man's life. JKnaHb 

pacTeHHH. The life of plants. KaK 

B03HHKJia }KI13Hb Ha SeMJIG? How 

did life appear on Earth? TnJKe- 
JiaH >KH3Hb. A hard life. 06m,ecT- 
BeHHaH jKHSHb. Public life. 
<> HeJioseK, nojiHbiii SKHBIIH. A man 
full of vitality. Bonpoc MCHSHH H 
CMepxn. A matter of life and death. 

EblTb MeJKfly H{H3HbK) II CMepTbH). 

To be between life and death. 
SKfiPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue fat, rich ^ 

JKnpnoe MHCO. Fat meat. JKapHbiH 

cyn. Rich soup. 
JKfiTEJIb m. inhabitant 

CeJibCKHH >KHTeJib. A countryman. 

FopOflCKOH jKHTeJib. A townsman. 

CKOJibKo JKHxejieH B ropoae? How 

many\inhabitants are there in the 

town? 
5KHTb, >KHB|V, -emb, -yx, past JKHJI, 

>KHJia, HHJI|O, -H imp. to live 

ro. To live long. 
. To live peacefully. 

xopomo. To live well. H JKHBy B 

MOCKBO. / live in Moscow. TKnTb 

CBOIIM yMOM. To live by one's wits. 

5KHTb HOA OAHOH Kpurnen. To live 

under the same roof, 
m. magazine 



3A 



41 



SAB 



3,3 

3 A prep. 

I. + instr. 

1. behind, beyond. fflyM aa CXCHOH. 
A noise behind the wall. 3a pe- 
KOH Jiec. There is a forest beyond 
the river. 

2. at. CnAexb aa CTOJIOM. To sit at 
the table. 

3. after. MATH Apyr 3& ApyroM. To 
go owe after another. H 3a BaMH. 
/ am after you. 

4. at. 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. 3a 
aasxpaKOM. At breakfast. 

5. for. Ilocjiaxb aa spanoM. T"o send 
for the doctor. MATH aa xjie6oM. 
To go to buy some bread. 

6. after. Civioxpexb aa pe6enKOM. 
To look after a child. 

1. out of, beyond. JKnxb aa ropo- 
AOM. To live in the country (out 
of town). 

II. + ace. 

1. behind, out of. IIocxaBHXb Kap- 
xiray aa mKa(|). To put a pic- 
ture behind the wardrobe. Epo- 
CHTb Hx6-JiH6o aa OKHo. To throw 
something out of the window. 

2. at. GecTb aa CTOJI. To sit down 
at the table. 

3. by. Baaxb Koro-HH6yA B 3a pyny. 
To take somebody by the hand. 

4. before. 3a HecKOJibKO AH6H 30 
npneaAa TOBapHma. Some days 
before the friend's arrival. 

5. in. BtmoJiHHTb pa66xy aa He^e- 
JiK). To do the work in a week. 

6. for. BopoxbCH aa Map, aa cBo66- 
fly. To fight for peace, for free- 
dom. 

1. for. SanJiaxrixb aa KOCXIOM. To 
pay for a suit. Kyiiiixb aa 5 py6- 
JieH. To buy for 5 roubles. 

8. to. Hoea^Ka aa ropofl. A trip to 
the country. 

3ABACTOB|KA /., gen. pi. -OK 

strike 

06i>flBHXb aa6acxoBKy. To declare a 

strike. 
3AEOJIEITB 1 , -ro, -emb, -K>T p. HCM? 

to fall ill 

3a6oJiexb rpiinnoM. To fall ill with 

the 'flu. 3a6ojiexb aHTHHOH. To 

fall ill with tonsillitis. 



3ABOJIETB 2 , 1st & 2nd pers. not 

used, 3rd pers. 3a6oJiiix, aaSojiHT p. 

to begin to ache 

y MCHH aaSojieJia rojiOBa. My head 

began to ache. 
3ABOTA /. care 

3a66xa o apyre. Care for a friend. 
3AEO|THTBCH,^ycb, -XHmbca, -XHX- 

CH imp. o KOM? o HCM? /p. no- 

3a66|XHXbCH, -HyCb, -XHUlbCH, -XHX- 

CH to take care 

Maxb aa66xHxcH o peSe'HKe. The 

mother takes care of her child. 

3ABOTJlHB|blH, -an, -oe, -Lie thought- 
ful, careful 

3a66xJiHBbiH APyr. A thoughtful 
friend. 3a66xJiHBoe oxHomemie. A 
careful attitude. 

3ABbIBA|TB, -K), -emb, -rox imp./ 
p. aaSwxb, 3a6yfl|y, -enib, -yx 

1 . K r 6? HXO? O KOM?OHeM? 

or followed by conj. ^ x o or by an 
inf. to forget. 3a6biBaxb Apyra. 
To forget one's friend. 3a6t>iBaxb 
o xoBapnme. To forget about 
one's friend. 3a6bixb npaBHJio. 
To forget a rule. H aaGbiJi, HXO 
ceroAHfl coSpanne. / forget there 
is a meeting today. He aaSyA^Te 
Kynaxb SnJiexBi. Don't forget to 
buy tickets. 

2. H x o ? to leave. 3a6wxb aonxnK B 
Mexpo. To leave one's umbrella in 
the wider ground. 
SABB'ITB see 3ABHBATB 
3ABEPH^TB see 3ABEPTWBATB 
3ABEPTWBAJTB, -ro, -emb, -K>T imp. 
K o r 6? H x o? / p. aaBepnlyxb, -y, 
-e'nib, -yx to wrap 
3aBepnyxb MacJio B 6yMary. To wrap 
the butter in paper. SaBepmixe, no- 
?KaJiyncxa. Wrap it up, please. 
3ABECTH see 3ABO,0[flTB 
3ABfl/];|OBATB, -yro, -yemb, -yiox 
imp. K o M y? H e M y? / p. noaaBM- 
Alosaxb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox to envy 
OH aasiiAyex MHC. He envies me. OH 
aaBiiAyex MOITM ycnexaM. He envies 
me my success. 

3ABfl|CETB, -my, -cmnb, -cax imp. 
ox KOTO? ox Hero? to depend 
3xo aaBHcnx ox Bac. It depends on you. 
3ABflCHMOCTB /., no pi. depen- 
dence 
3ABG.H m. works, plant 

ABxoMo6HJibHHH aaBoA- An auto 



3AB 



42 



3AJJ 



works. HocTynHTb na sasoA. To 
begin working at a plant. PaSoxaib 
Ha sasoAe. To work at a plant. HA- 
TH na sasoA. To go to the plant. 
c 3aBOAa. To Zea^e a plant. 

aaeoHcy, aaBOAHmb, saso- 
AHT im/>. HTO? / /?. aaBecTH, aaBe- 
Ajy, -emb, -yx, past aaseji, 3aBeJi|a, 
-6, -li to wind up 
SaBGCTii Hacbi. To wind up a watch 
( clock) . 

3ABO|EBATb, -1610, -roeuib, -IOIOT p. 
H T o? 

1. to conquer. SasoeBaTb Mndrne 
cxpaHbi. To conquer many coun- 
tries. 

2. fig. to win. SasoeBaib ^oeepiie. 
To win confidence. SaBoeBaxb 
yBanseHHe H JiwSoBb. To win 
respect and love. 

3ABTPA adv. tomorrow 

3aBipa 6yA6T xoponiaa noroAa. To- 
morrow the weather will be fine. 
> JJo aasTpa! Till tomorrow! 

3ABTPAK m. breakfast 

ITpuroTOBHTb aaBipaK. To prepare 
breakfast. 3a saBTpaKOM. At break- 
fast. 

3ABTPAKA|Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. / 
p. noaaBTpaKalib, -10, -euib, -IOT to 
have breakfast 

MM 3aBipaKaeM B BoceMb qacos yT- 
pa. We have breakfast at eight 
o'clock in the morning. 

3ABTPAIHH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne tomor- 
row's 

3aBTpaniHHH BKCKypCHH. Tomor- 
row's excursion. 

3ABH3ATB see 3AB>l3bIBATb 

3AB)!3bIBA|Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. 

H T O?/p. 33BH3aTb, 3aBH>Ky, 3aBH- 

/Kemb, saBHjKyT 

1. to tie. 3aBH3aTb yseji. To tie a 
knot. 3aBH3aTb ropjio. To tie 
something round one's neck. 

2. fig. to start. 3aBH3aTb apy>K- 
6y. To start a friendship. 

3AFA,mKA /., gen. pi. -OK riddle 
Sara^aTb sara^ny. To ask a riddle. 
3ara,n;KH npnpoAM. The riddles of 
nature. STOT HCJIOBCK AJIH MCHH 3a- 
ra^Ka. This man is a riddle to me. 

3AFOBOP m. conspiracy, plot 

OpraHH30BaTb sarosop. To hatch a 
plot. PacKptiTb saroBop. To discov- 
er a plot. 



3AFOPA|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp./ 
p. saropleTb, -K>, -limb, -HT to sun- 
bathe 

SaropaTb na nJifime. To sun- 
bathe on a beach. Xopomo aaro- 
peTb. To get well sun-tanned. 

3ArOPA|TbCH, -iocb, -embCH, -K>TCH 
imp. /p. saropjeTbCH, -iocb, 

-HTCH 

1. to catch fire. 3aropeJicn 
A house was on fire. 

2. fig. to burn. 3aropeTbcn 
HH6M. To burn with desire. Ero 
rjiasa saropeJincb pajiocTbio. His 
eyes began to sparkle with joy. 

3APOPETb see 3AFOPATb 
3ArOPETbCH see SAFOPATbCfl 
SA^AjBATb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. HTO? 
K o M y? / p. sa^aTb, sa^aM, sa^amb, 
saA^cT, 3a;;aAHM, sa^aAHTe, sa^a- 
nyT,past sa^aji, sa^aJia, sa^aJijo, -H 

1. to give. SajjaBaTb ypon. To give 
some material to learn. Sa^aTb 
ita AOM. To give a home-task. 

2. to ask. 3aA&Tb Bonpoc. To ask 
a question. 

3A^AHHE neut. task 

^OManmee saAanne. A home-task. 
3A^ATb see SA/JABATb 



1. task. O^epeAHbie saAanii. The 
immediate tasks. 3aAaia rocy- 
AapCTBeimoH sawHOCTH. A task 
of state importance. 

2. sum, problem. PemHTb saAa^y. 
To do a sum. To solve a problem. 
SaAa^a c ABVMS HensBeCTHMMH. 
A problem with two unknowns. 

3A##MATbCH see 3A^^MbIBATb- 
Cfl 

SAAyMHHBIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form saAyMiHB, -a, -o, -M; adv. 
pensive, thoughtful 

BHA. A pensive look. 
AeBymKa. A thoughtful 
girl. OH saAyM^HBO nocMOTpeJi Ha 
Hee. He looked at her thoughtfully. 

3A,H#MbIBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embCH, 
-IOTCH imp. O^CM? HaffHeM?/ 
p. 3aAyMa|TbCH, -iocb, -embCH, -IOTCH 
to think, to ponder 
3a#yMaTbCH HaA cJioatHWM Bonpo- 
COM. To ponder over a complex 
problem. 3aAyMaTbca o CBOCM AP}'- 
re. To think about one's friend. 



3AE 



43 



3AM 



3AE32KA1TB, -K), 
K K o M y? K y 



-erab, -IOT imp. 
? 3 a K e M? 3 a 



He~M?//>. saexaxb, sae/jly, -einb, -yx 
to call (on, at) 
Saexaxb K xoBapnray. To call on 
one's friend. Saexaxb na noTry. To 
call at the post-office. 3aexaxb B Ma- 
raaiiH aa KHHraMH. To call at the 
shop to get books. 
3AEXATB see 3AE35KATb 
3A5KE*lb see SAHCHFATb 
3A5KEHbCH see SAJKHFATbCH 
3A5KHrA|Tb, -ro, -einb,^ -IOT imp. 
H T o? / p. 3a>KeHb, 3a>Kry, 3anKerab, 
aaJKryx, past aa>Ker, sa>Krji|a, -6, 
-IT to light 

3a>Keib CHHHKy. To light a match. 
3a>KeHb cBex. To switch on the light. 
3AJKHrA]TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxcn imp. / p. 
sajKeibCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. saaoKexcn, sajKryxcn, 
past 3a>KerCH, 3a>KrJi|acb, -ocb, -neb 
to light 

GniiHKH He 3a>KHraroxcH. The 
matches won't light. Ha ne6e sa- 
jKrJiiicb 3BG3Ai>i. Stars appeared in the 
sky. 

3Aflf fl see SAXO^flTb 
3AKA3ATb see 3AKA3bIBATb 
3AKA3bIBA|Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. 
H x o? / p. saKasaxb, sanajKy, saKa- 
H;emb, 3ana?Kyx to book, to order 
Sanasaxb GnJiexu B xeaxp. To book 
tickets for the theatre. 3aKa3biBaxb 
o6e^. To order dinner. 
3AKAHHHBA|Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. 
H x o? / p. saKOH^Inxb, -y, -nrab, -ax 
to finish 

SaKOHHHXb pa66xy. To finish work. 
SAKAHHHBAlTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxcn 
imp. I p. 3aKOHH|HXbCH, 1st & 2nd 
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -axcn 
to end 

GoGpanne saKOHHHJiocb oneHb no3A- 
HO. The meeting ended very late. 
3AKAT m. sunset 

HPKHH sanax. A bright sunset. 3a- 
Kax coJiima. Sunset. 
SAKJIIOqAITb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. 
H x o?//>. saKJiro^lrixb, -y, -nrab, -ax 
to conclude 

SaKJiroHHXb Mnp. To make peace. 
SaKJiroiHXb fl;oroBop. To conclude 
a treaty. 



SAKJIIOHHTb see SAKJIIOHATb 
3AKOH m. law 

3aKOH npnpoAM. A law of nature. 

SaKOHbi pasBHXHH 66ra,ecxBa. The 

laws of development of society. IIpH- 

HHXb saKOH. To adopt a law. 
3AKOHHHTb see 3AKAHHHBATb 
SAKOHHHTbCH see 3AKAHHH- 

BATbCH 
3AKPHH|ATb, -y, -Hnib, -ax p. to 

shout 

FpoMKO sanpHHaxb. To shout loudly. 
3AKPbIBA|Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. 

T I x o? I p. saKptixb, saKpoJro, -erab, 

-rox 

1. to close. SanpuBaxb OKHO. To 
close a window. 3aKpbixb ,n;Bepb 
na KJiroH. To lock the door. 3a- 
KpuBaxb xexpa,n;b, Knnry, aJibSoM. 
To close the copy-book, the book, 
the album. SaKpwxb rJiasa. To 
close one's eyes. 

2. fig. to close. SanpLixb co6pamie. 
To close the meeting. 

3AKPb'ITb see 3AKPbIBATb 
SAKYPflTb, 3aKypro, saKypnrab, 3a- 

Kypnx p. H x o? to light 

SaKypnxb naniipocy. To light a 

cigarette. 
3AJI m. hall 

3pnxeJibHbiH 3a;i. An auditorium. 

GnopXHBHbiH 3aJi. A sports hall. 

AKXOBbiii 3aJi. An assembly hall. 

MnxaJibHwii 3aJi. A reading hall. 

3aJi 3aceAanHH. Convention hall. 
SAMEHHTb see 3AMEHHTb 
3AMEHH|Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. 

H X 0? H e M? / p. 3aM6HHXb, 3aMeHK), 

saMeHHrab, saMeHHX to replace 
3aMeHiixb cxapyro AeTsuib HO BOH. 
To replace an old part by a new one. 
3aM6HHXb ypoKii XUMHH ypOKaMii 
pyccKoro nstiKa. To substitute 
Russian lessons for chemistry lessons. 

3AMEP3A|Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp./ 
p. 3aMep3H|yxb, -y, -erab, -yx, past 
saMeps, 3aMep3Ji]a, -o, -H to freeze 
H saMepsaro ox xoJiOfla. / am freez- 
ing from the cold. PeKa saMepsJia. 
The river has frozen. 

3AMEP3HYTb see 3AMEP3ATb & 
MEP3HyTb 

3AMETHTb see SAMEHATb 

3AME 1 IAHHE neut. remark 

CnpaBejjJiHBoe saMe^aHHe. A just 
remark. CfleJiaxb saMenaHHe KOMy- 



3AM 



44 



3AII 



-JiH6o HJIH no noBOfly Hero-JiH6o. 
To make a remark to somebody or 
on something. 

3AMEHATEJIbH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie 
wonderful 

SaMeiaxeJibHbiH noax namero spe- 
M6HH. A wonderful poet of our time. 
3aMe i iaxejibHbm ropo^;. A wonder- 
ful city. 

3AMEHA|Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. K o- 

r 6? H X 0?//>. 3aMe|XHXb, -qy, -XHOIb, 
-XflX 

1. to notice. Ha yjinije H saMexnJi 
xoBapiima. In the street, I noticed a 
friend. H saMexHJi, HTO OH ycxaji. 
/ noticed that he was tired. 

2. to remark. 9xo nenpaBAa, 
saMexHJi OH. "That's not true," 
he remarked. 

3AM|OK m., gen. -Ka lock 
Banepexb Ha aaMOK. To lock. 

3AMOJI4|ATb, -y, -limb, -ax p. to 
become silent 

VHeHiiK aaMOJinaJi. The pupil be- 
came silent. 

3AMY5K adv. 

BMHXH 3aMy>K. To marry (of women 
only). Qua BwuiJia sa nerd 3aMy>K. 
She married him. 

3AMY3KEM adv. 

Bbixb 3aMy?KeM. To be married (of 
women only}. BET saMyjKeM? Hex, 
H He 3ainy>KeM. ,,Are you married?" 
"No, I am not." Ona 6mia sa- 
MyweM. She was married. 

3AHHMA|Tb, -TO, -emb, -rox imp. 
HXO?//?. saHHxb, saHMjy, -emb, -yx 

1. to occupy. CxaflHOH saniiMaex 
100 reKxapoB. The stadium oc- 
cupies 100 hectares. 

2. to take. GnopxcmeH BSKHJI nep- 
Boe Mecxo. The sportsman took 
the first place. 

3. to take. SannMaHxe Mecxa. Take 
your seats. 

4. to take. PemeHHe sa^a^n aaHH- 
Jio 4 naca. The solution of the 
problem took 4 hours. 

5. to occupy. BoncKa sannjin ropofl. 
The troops occupied the town. 

3AHHMA|TbCH, -iocb, -euibcn, -IOXCH 

imp. r e? H e M? 

1. to study. SaHHMaxbCH B 6n6jiHO- 

xeKe. To study at a library. 

MHOFO aaHHMaxbCH. To study a lot. 



2. to go in for. SaHHMaxbCH cndp- 
XOM. To go in for sport. 
3aHHM4xbCH MyauKOH, jiHxepa- 
xypon. To go in for Music, 
literature. 
3AHHTHE neut. 

1. occupation. EoJiesHoe aaHaxne. 
A useful occupation. 

2. only pi. lessons. Bbixb na saHH- 
XHHX. To be at the lessons. 

3AHHT|bIfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form 

33HHX, 3aHHXa, 3aHHX|0, -bl 

1. taken. 9xo Mecxo aannxo? 7s this 
seat taken? 

2. busy. H cerd^HH sanax. / am 
busy today. 

3AHHTb see 3AHHMATb 

3AOHH|bIH, -an, -oe, -me; adv. sadq- 
no^by correspondence 
Sad^Hoe oSy^eHHe. Teaching by 
correspondence. Sad^HbiH HHCXiixyx. 
A correspondence institute. Vqiixb- 
CH saoHHO. To study by correspond- 
ence. 

3AlIA/{ m. 

1. west. G Bocxdna na Sanaa. From 
east to west. 

2. west. Ha sana^e cxpaHbi. In the 
west of the country. 

3AnA^H|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue west(ern) 
SanaaHbiH Bexep. A west wind. 3a- 
naflHoe noJiymapiie. The western 
hemisphere. 

3AHAX m. smell 

IIpiijixHbiH sanax. A pleasant smell. 
Sanax ^BexdB. The smell of flow- 
ers. 

3ADHCATb see 3AIIflCbIBATb 

3AHKCIKA /., gen. pi. -OK 

1. note. Hanncaxb sanncKy. To 
write a note. 

2. only pi. transactions. VneHbie 
samicKH yniiBepcHxexa. The 
transactions of the University. 

3AIIflCbIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 
H T o? / p. sanncaxb, aannmy, sanii- 
memb, sannmyx 

1. to write down. 3amiCbiBaxb JieK- 
n;nro. To take down notes of a 
lecture. 

2. to record. SanHCbiBaxb roJioc Ha 
njie'HKy. To record somebody's 
voice. 

3AHJlAKATb see HJlAKATb 
3AnJIATlITb see IIJIATflTb 



3AII 



45 



3AH 



3AnOMHHA|Tb, -10, -enn>, -rox imp. 
KOTO? qxo? / p. 3anoMH|HXb, -10, 
-Hmb, -HT to remember 
3anoMHHXb HOMep AOMa. To remem- 
ber the number of a house. 3anoM- 
HHxe 3x0 CJIOBO. Remember this word. 
3AIIOMHHTb see SAnOMHHATB 
SAHPETflTb see SAtlPEIIjATb 
3AIIPEmA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -rox imp. 
q x o? K o M y? -f- inf. I p. 3anpe|xnxb, 
-my, -Tiimb, -THT to forbid, to pro- 
hibit 

Bpan sanpexHJi emy Kyptrrb. The 
doctor forbade him to smoke. 
SAnPEUJEHHE neut. prohibition 
3APABATbIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT 
imp. H x o? I p. 3apa66xa|xb, -10, 
-emb, -rox to earn 
3apa66xaxb MHOFO Aener. To earn 
a lot of money. 

SAPAEOTATb 1 see 3APAB ATblBATb 
3APABOTATb 2 to begin working 

MamHHa sapaSdiajia. The machine 
began working. 

3APHJIATA /. ( = sapaSoxHaa njiaxa) 
salary, wages 

BbicoKaa sapnjiaxa. A high salary 
(high wages). HiisKaa sapnjiaxa. A 
low salary (low wages). IIoJiyHHXb 
sapnjiaxy. To get one's salary 
(wages). 

3ACJiy3KHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox 
imp. H x o? / p. sacjiyjKiixb, aacjiy- 
?Ky, sacjiyn^Hmb, sacjiyjKax 

1. to deserve. 3acjiy>K/rxb narpa^y. 
To deserve a reward. 

2. to win. VHHxejib sacjiymnji jiro- 
66sb y^enHKOB. The teacher won 
the love of his pupils. 

3ACJiy3KIlTb see SACJIYJKHBATb 
3ACME|?lTbCH, -racb, -embca, -IOXCH 
p. to begin to laugh 
FpoMKO 3acM6HXbCH. To begin to 
laugh loudly. 

3ACHyTb see 3ACbIIlATb 
3ACTABHTb see 3ACTABJItfTb 
3ACTABJlH|Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. 
K o r 6? q x o? -{- inf. / p. sacxaJBuxb, 
-BJIK>, -BHmb, -BHX to make 
3acxaBHXb pa66xaxb. To make (some- 
body) work. 

3ACbinA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. / 
p. 3acH|yxb, -y, -emb, -yx 
OH sacbinaex 6HCxpo. He falls asleep 
quickly. Kor,n;a XH B^epa sacnyji? 
When did you fall asleep yesterday? 



3ATEM adv. 

1. then. GHa^aJia a non^y B 6n6- 
jinoxeKy, a saxeM B * KHHO. / 
shall first go to the library and 
then to the cinema. 

2. for (or translated by inf.). OH 
nosBOHHji saxeM, HXOOM ysnaxb, 
KaK H ce6a HyBcxsyro. He 
called up to learn how I felt. 

3ATO conj. but 

3xo neBKycHO, saxo nojiesno. It's 
not tasty, but it's good (for you). 

3AXBATHTb see 3AXBATbIBATb 

3AXBATblBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox 
imp. H x o? / p. saxeaxHXb, saxea- 
ny, saxBaxnnib, saxsaxax to seize 
3axBaxiixb nyjKRe SCMJIH. To seize 
somebody else's land. 

SAXOJJflTb, saxony, saxo^Hnib, 3a- 
XOAHX imp. K K o M y? K y A a? 3 a 
K : e M? a a H e M? / p. saiixii, aaiiAly, 
-emb, -yx, past same'ji, 3amji|a, -6, -H 

1. to call. Saiixii B rocxn K Apy- 
ry. To call on a friend. Safixn B 
MarasHH sa KHiiraMH. To call at 
a shop to buy books. 

2. to set. CoJmiie saxoAHT. The 
sun is setting. 

3AXOTETb see XOTETb 
3AHEM adv. what for, why 

3aieM BBI npnexajin B MOCKBV? 

What did you come to Moscow for? 

fL ne snaro, 3a^e\i OH npnxoAHJi. / 

don't know why he called. 
SAHJfiTA /-, no pi. 

1. defence. Samnxa ropoAa, npas. 
The defence of a city, rights. 

2. defence. 3aiipiTa AHCcepxaunn. 
The defence of a thesis. 

SAnjHTflTb see 3AIU,HIH;ATb 
3AmHin,A|Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. 
Koro?Hxo?ox KOTO? ox ^e- 
ro? / p. 3am,H|xHXb, -m.y, -xiiuib, 
-xax 

1. to defend. 3am.Hm.axb ropoA ox 
Bpara. To defend the city from 
the enemy. 3aiH.nm,axb CBO " n P a " 
Ba. To defend one's rights. 3a- 
mnmaxb CBoro xo^Ky speHHa. 
To defend one's point of view. 

2. to defend. Samnmaxb Anccepxa- 
H0ro. To defend one's thesis. 

3AHBflTb see 3AflBJI>lTb 
3AHBJIEHHE neut. 

1. declaration. SaaBJienne npaBH- 
xejibcxBa o nojio?KeHHH B cxpane. 



3Afl 



46 



3EJI 



A government declaration on the 
situation in the country. 
2. application. Hanncaxb saHBjie- 
HHG na IIMH AHpeKxopa. To write 
an application to the director. 
3AHBJlH|Tb, -K), -enib, -K>T imp. 
H x o? K o M y? o H e M? / p. aa- 

flBHXb, SaflBJlK), SaHBHUlb, SaflBflX 

to announce 

HpasiixejibcxBo saHBiijio 06 ycxa- 

HOBJ16HHH AHUJlOMaXJIieCKHX OTHO- 

meHHH c 3TOH cxpanoH. The govern- 
ment announced the establishment of 
diplomatic relations with this 
country. 

3BATB, 30B|y, -enib, -yx, past 3BaJi, 
-a, -o, -H imp. I p. nosBaxb, noao- 
B|V, -emb, -yx, past nosBaJi, no- 
3Bajia, nosBaji|o, -H 

1. KOTO? H x o? to call. Maxb 
nosBajia peSenna o6eAaxb. The 
mother called the child to dinner. 
HosoBiixe cecxpy K xejie^ony. 
Call your sister to the telephone. 

2. no p. to be called. Kan sac 30- 
syx? Mem'r sosyx Eopiic (Bo- 
PIICOM). "What is your name?" 
"My name is Boris." 

3BE3.U; A /., pi. 3Be3Abi 

1. star. Hpnafi 3BG3^a. A bright 
star. Ha ue6e oflHa sses^a. 
There is one star in the sky. 
3a>Krjnicb 3Be3flbi. Stars began 
to show. 

2. fig. star. SsesAa anpana (KHHO- 
3Be3Aa). A film star. 

3BEH|ETB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -MX, -HX imp. to ring 
SBGHIIX 3BOHOK. The bell is ring- 
ing. FOJIOC ee sseHeJi Kan KOJIO- 
KOJib^HK. Her voice rang like a 
bell. 

3BEP|B m. f gen. pi. -eii beast 

3Bepb. A beast of prey. 
3Bepn. Wild beasts. 
3BOH|flTb, -K), -HDib, -ax imp. K p- 

My? / p. II03BOH|HXb, -K), -HUIb, -flX 

1. no p. to ring. SBOHHX xejie^on. 
The telephone is ringing. 

2. KpMy? to ring up. fl IIOSBO- 
HHJI eMy no xe^e^ony. / rang 
him up. 

3BOHK|Htt, -an, -oe, -ne ringing 
SBOHKHH TOJIOC. A ringing voice. 
necHH. A ringing song. 



3BOH|OK m., gen. -Ka 

1. bell, fl najKaJi na KnonKy SBOH- 
Ka. / pressed the button of the 
bell. 

2. bell. Paa^aJica xpexnn SBOHOK. 
The third bell rang. 

3BYK m. 

1. sound. CxpaHHbiii ssyK. A strange 
sound. SsyK rojioca. The sound 
of a voice. 

2. sound. CorjiacHbiH (r.iacHbia) 
3ByK. A consojiant (vowel) sound. 

3JJAHHE neut. building 

Bojibmoe SAanne. A large building. 

Cxapoe s^aHiie. An old building. 

S/jaiffle xeaxpa. The theatre building. 
3JJECB adv. 

1. rji;e? here. Mm 6yA6M >KHXI> 
3flecb. We shall live here. Sflecb 
BCO CBOII. There are. no strang- 
ers here. 

2. fig. Sftecb HOX HHiero njioxoro. 
There is nothing bad in this. 

3/JOPOBAITbCH, -IOCB, -erabcn, -IOXCH 
imp. c KCM? I p. no3AOpoBa|xbCfl, 
-iocb, -enibCH, -IOXCH to greet 
OH He nosflopoBa.icfl c iiaMH. He 
didn't greet us. 

3,HOP6B|I>Tfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short 
form 3,u;op6B, -a, -o, -M 

1. healthy. SAOPOBLIH peoenoK. A 
healthy child. OH coBceM 3AOpos. 
He is quite healthy. 

2. only complete form healthy. 

BHA. A healthy look. 
oxAbix. Healthy rest. 

<> Byab(Te) 3AOpOB(fai)! Good-bye! 
3,HOPOBbE n. health 

Xopouiee 3AOpoBbe. Good health. 

KpenKoe 3AOpoBbe. Strong health. 

V Hero cjia6oe SAOpoBbe. His 

health is weak. KaK Banie 3AOpoBbe? 

How are you? BepeHb SAOposbe. 

To take care of one's health. 

<> 3a name aaopOBbe! To your 

health! Ha SAOposbe! To your pleas- 

urel 
3^PABCTByfl[(TE) 

How do you do. Good mornng 

Good afternoon. Good evening 

Hello! 
3EJIEH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we 

1. green. SeJienafl xpasa. Green 
grass. SeJieHbiH UBCX. Green col- 
our. 



' 



3EM 



47 



3HA 



2. green. 3ejie'Hbie OBOIUH. Green 
vegetables. 3eJie'Hbie 
Green apples. 
3EMJIH /., ace. seMJiio; pi. 

aeMeJib, 36MJIHM, etc . 

1. no pi. Earth. SCMJIH Bpamaexca 
BOKpyr CBOeii OCH. The Earth 
revolves on its axis. 

2. land. ILrcoftOpoAHaH SCMJIH. Fer- 
tile land. SeMJifl c66cTBen- 
Hocxb HapoAa. The land belongs 
to the people. 

3. ground. VnacTb Ha seMJiio. To 
fall to the ground. 

4. land. 3eMJia! saKpnqaji Mar- 
poc. "Land!" the sailor shouted. 

3EPKAJIO neut., pi. aepnajia, aepKaji, 
aepKaJiaM, etc. looking-glass 
CMOTpexb(cH) B sepKaJio. To look 
(at oneself) in a looking-glass. 

3EPHO neut., pi. aepna, aepen, sep- 
naM, etc. grain 

IlnieHMHHoe aepno. A grain of 
wheat. 

3HMA /., ace. 3HMy, pi. SHMBI winter 
CypOBaa, xojioAHan 3HMa. A hard, 
cold winter. Bcio 3My CTOHJIH MO- 
poabi. The frosts lasted the whole 
winter. 

3HMH|HfJ, -HH, -ee, -HG winter 

SHMHHH ASHB. A winter day. SHM- 
nee najibxo. A winter coat. SHM- 
HHH cnopT. Winter sports. 

3HMOft adv. in winter 

3HMOH B MOCKBG XOJIOflHO. It is 

very cold in Moscow in winter. 
3JI|OH, -an, -6e, -He, short form 30JI, 

3Jia, 3JIO, 3JILI 

1. wicked, malicious, vicious. 
3JIOH HeJiOBeK. A wicked man. 
3Jioe JiHu;6. A wicked face. 

2. hard. SJIOH Mopos. A hard frost. 

3. angry. KaK H 30Ji! How angry 1 
am! 

3MEH /., pi. 3Meii, 3Meii snake 

H^OBHTaH 3M6H. A venomous snake. 
3HAKO|MHTbCH, -MJIIOCB, -MHUIBCH, 

-MHTCH imp. CK6M?C H6M?/ 
p. n03HaKO|MHTbCH, -MJIIOCb, -MHmb- 
Cfl, -MHTCH 

1. to make acquaintance. SnaKo- 

MHTbCH C HOBblMH JIIOAbMH. To 

meet new people. 

2. to get to know. SnaKOMHTbCH c 
ropo^OM. To get to know a 
city. 



3HAKOM|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form snaKOM, -a, -o, -H 

1. familiar. 3naKOMaH Kmira. A 
familiar book, fl 3HaKOM c HHM. 
He is an acquaintance of mine. 

2. used as n. acquaintance. OH MOH 
3HaKOMbiH.//e is an acquaintance 
of mine. Ofla MOH snaKOMaH. 
She is an acquaintance of mine. 
OAHH MOH 3HaKOMbiH CKaaaJi 
MHC, ^TO... An acquaintance of 
mine told me that... 

3HAMEHHT|blH, -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form 3HaMeHHT, -a, -o, -bi famous, 
celebrated 

SnaMeHiiTbiH KOMHOSHTOJ). -A fa- 
mous composer. SHaMeHMTbiii xy- 
AOJKHHK. A celebrated artist. 

3HAMH neut., gen., dat., prepos. 3Ha- 
M6HH, ace. 3HaMH, instr . siiaMeneM; 
pi. SHaMena, 3HaM6H banner 
SnaMH CBo6oAbi. The banner of 
freedom. 

3HAHHE neut. knowledge 

SnaHHe cifjia. Knowledge is pow- 
er. Fjiy66KHe 3HaHHH. Profound 
knowledge. IIp6 l iHbie SHaHHH. Solid 
knowledge. OBJia^eBaTb SHaHHHMH. 
To gain knowledge. 

3HA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? 
H T o? o K 6 M? o H e M? 

1. to know. H 3Haio axoro nejioBe- 
Ka. / know that man. Xopomo 
3HaTb cxpany. To have a good 
knowledge of a country. 

2. to know. 3naxb pyccKiiii asbiK. 
To know Russian. 

3. to know. 3naTb 06 orbeaAC. To 
know about one's departure. H 
3HaK>, TTO OH 66jieH. / know that 
he is ill. H 3Haio, re OH HH- 
B6T. / know where he lives, fl 
3Haio, Ky^a OH nome'ji. / know 
where he went. H He 3Haro, Kor- 
Aa OH BepHeiCH. / don't know 
when he will come back, fl He 
3Haio, noieiviy ero Hex. / don't 
know why he is not here. 

3HAMfiHHE neut. 

1. meaning. 3xo CJIOBO HMeex MHO- 
ro SHaHeHHH. This word has 
many meanings. 

2. importance. Gnopx HMeex or- 



Sport is of great importance for 
health. 



3HA 



48 



1st & 2nd pers. rarely 
used, 3rd pers. -HT, -ax imp. H x o? 
to mean 

HTO 3Haqnx Sxo CJIOBO? What does 
this word mean? 3xo HHHerd ne 
3H3HHT. It means nothing. 
3HAHIGK m., gen. -Ka badge 

yHHBepCHXeXCKHH 3HaiOK. A uni- 

versity badge. Sna^oK xypiicxa 

GGCP. The badge of tourist of the 

USSR. 06Me*HHBaxbCH 

To exchange badges. 
30JIOTO neut., no pi. gold 

HacToe 30JIOTO. Pure gold. 

Baxb SOJIOTO. To mine gold. SanJia- 

xiixb 3OJIOTOM. To pay in gold. 

$> He Bee TO SOJIOTO, HTO 6;iec- 

THT (proverb). All that glitters 

isn't gold. 
30JIOT|OK, -an, -de, -Lie gold 

1. gold. SoJioxaH MOHexa, A gold 
coin. 3oJioxbie *iacbi. A gold 
watch. 

2. fig.: SOJIOTOH neJioBeK. A won- 
derful man. 

<C> 3ojiOTaa cepeAana. The golden 

mean. 
30HTHK m. umbrella 

PacKpiiTb 30HTHK. To open an um- 

brella. 
3PEHHE neut. eyesight 

Xopomee spenne. Good eyesight. 

<> T6*ma apeHHH. A point of view. 

C TOHKII apennfl Koro-JiH5o. From 

somebody's point of view. 
3PflTEJIb m. spectator 

TeaTpajibHbiH spHiejib. A theatre- 

goer. B saJie MHoro spHTejieii. 

There are many spectators in the hall. 
3PH adv. for nothing 

3pn TpaiHTb BpeMH. To waste time. 

3pa roBOpiiTb. To speak to no 

purpose. 3pn He 6ecnoKoHTecb! 

Don't worry unnecessarily! 
3YE m., pi. 33'6bi, 3y6oB tooth 

y Mena SOJIHT 3y6bi. I've 

toothache. 



got a 



CKBO3b 

3y6bi. To speak through clenched 
teeth. 

II. n 

H conj. and 

Maxb H oxen,. Mother and Father. 
MBI roBopiiM no-pyccKH H no-anr- 



JIHHCKH. We speak Russian and 
English. Eonieji ROTKRI*, H MM He 
noexajin sa ropo^. It began to rain 
and we didn't go to the country. 

HFOJIIKA /., gen. pi. -OK needle 
^afi MHe nrojiKy c HTIXKOH. Give me 
a needle and some thread. FpaMMO- 
<$6~HHaH nroJiKa. A gramophone 
needle. HFOJIKH na ejine. Fir needles. 

HrPA /., pi. nrpbi game; playing 

1. HnxepecHan nrpa. An interest- 
ing game. HacidjibHaa nrpa. A 
table game. 

2. Mrpa na CKpnnKe. Playing the 
violin. 

3. Mrpa B <$yx66ji. Playing foot- 
fall. 

HFPA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp./p, ctir- 
pajxb, -to, -enib, -iox 

1. to play. JJexH nrpaiox B napne. 
Tfre children are playing in the 
park. H nrpaio c 6paxoM. I play 
with ?ny brother. 

2. BO HXO? to play. Hrpaxb B 
6acKex66ji, B $yx6oJi, B BOJien- 
6oJi, B oiaxMaxbi. To play bas- 
ket-ball, football, volley-ball, 
chess. 

3. Ha qe'M? to play. Hrpaxb na 
nnaHHHO, na cKpnnKe, na m- 
xape. To play the piano, the 
violin, the guitar. 

4. H x o? to play. Hrpaxb sajibc. 
To play a waltz. K o r d? Hr- 
paxb Bopnca FoAynoBa. To play 
Boris Godunov. 

3-ro nrpaex Go-ibrayro pojib. 

It's of great importance" 3xo He 

nrpaex pojin. It's of no importance. 
HFPyin|KA f., f gen. pi. -e K toy 

J^excKHe nrpyniKH. Children's toys. 
HflEfl /. 

1. idea. nepe^oBwe H^en namero 
BpeMeHH. Advanced ideas of our 
time. 

2. idea. H^en npoHSBe^eHHH. The 
idea of a literary work. 

, -y, -e'uib, -yx, past me'ji, nui|a, 

-o, -H imp. 

i. Ky^a? oxny^a? to go. H/TXH 
B pecxopae. To go to a restau- 
rant. HAXH Ha ndqxy. To go to 
the post-office. HATH H3 xeaxpa 
AOMOH. To go home from the 
theatre. HATH K 6paxy. To go 
to one's brother. HAXH 6ucxpo. 



H3 



49 



H3M 



To go quickly. HATH neniKoM. 
To walk. 

2. to go. H^TH ryjmxb. To go for 
a walk, fl HA.y B KHHO. / am 
going to the cinema. 

3. to go. Hoes A HA&X Gticxpo. 
The train is going fast. 

4. to go. JJopora HA&T jiecoM. The 
road goes through a forest. 

5.: I Iacbi HAyx xoponio. The watch 
(clock) keeps good time. 

G/.HA&T AOJKAB. It is raining. 
cner. It is snowing. HA$X 
It is hailing. 

7.:KaK HA^X A^Jia? How are things? 
>KH3Hb HAex. Life goes on. Bpe- 
MH HA&X. Time is passing. Pa- 
66xa HAST. Work is in progress. 

8. to be on. CeroAHH B xeaxpe 
HA$X HOBajr nbeca. There is a 
new play on at the theatre, today. 

9. to become. 9xo njiaxbe BaM 
HA&X. This dress becomes you. 

10.: HATH K IJCJIH. To try to achieve 

one's goal. 

<> HATH na BCC. To go to any 
length. He HACT H3 yMa (iTO-JiH6"o) . 
Not to be able to get (something) 
out of one's head. FojiOBa IIACT 
KpyroM. My head is in a whirl. 
H3 (H30) prep. + gen. 

1. OUt Of. BblHXH H3 KOMHaXbl. To gO 

(come) out of the room. Btiexaxb 
H3 ropOAa. To drive out of the 
town. 

2. from. lOnoina HS A$PHKH. A 
youth from Africa. 

3. of. HeKOTopbie HS nac. Some of 
us. OAHH H3 CTyACHTOB. One of 
the students. 

4. (made) of. KOCTEOM H3 uiepcTH. A 
woollen costume. 

H3BECTHE neut. 

1. news. HpiiHTHoe iissecTHe. 
Pleasant news. 

2. news. HocjieAHiie HSBecxHH. The 
latest news. 

H3BCTH|bltt, -aH, -oe, -bie, short 
form HSBecxen, H3BecTH|a, -o, -bi; 
adv. H3B6CTHO well-known 
HsBecTHbiH yneHbiH. A well-known 
scientist. 3xo BceM HSBecTiio. Every- 
body knows that. 

HSBHHflTb see H3BHHHTb 

H3BHHflTbCH see HSBHHHTbCH 

44002 



H3BHHU|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. K o- 

r6? / p. H3BHHJIIXb, -K), -HHIb, -HX 

to excuse 

HsBHHHxe M6HH, noJKajiyHCxa. ^a:- 

cuse m.e, please. 
H3BHH#|TbCfl, -rocb, -enibca, -roxca 

imp. I p. H3BHH|iixbCH, -iocb, -iimb- 

CH, -axcfl to apologise 

OH H3BHHHJICH nepeAO MHOH 3a 

AOJiroe MOJiHanne. He apologised 

to me for his long silence. 
H3.0IAJIEKA adv. from far away 

ITpnexaxb HSAajiena. To come from 

far away. 
H3-3A prep. -|- gen. 

1. from behind. H3-3a .ueca noKa- 
sajiacb jiyna. The moon came 
out from behind the forest. 

2. from. Bcxaxb H3-3a cxoJia. To 
get up from the table. 

3- because of. Hs-sa AO?KA MM He 
noexajiH na nporyjmy. Because of 
the rain we didn't go for a drive. 

H3MEHEHHE neut. change 

HsMeneHHH B >KH3HH. Changes in 
life. HsMeneHHe B pacnncaHiin. A 
change in the time-table. B cxpane 
npoH3omjiH Sojibuiiie iisMeHeHiifi. 
Great changes have taken place in 
the country. 

H3MEHflTb see H3MEHflTb 

HSMEHHTbCH see H3MEHHTbCH & 
MEHHTbCH 

H3MEH)l|Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. / 

p. H3M6HHXb, H3M6HI6, II3MeHHIJJb, 



1. H x o? to alter. HsMenexb 
To alter a plan. 

2. K o M y? ^ e M y? to betray, ta be 
unfaithful. MsivtemixL cxpane. 
To betray one's country. MsMemixb 
7K6He. To be unfaithful to one's 
wife. 

H3MEHH|TbCH, -iocb, -enibcn, -TOT- 

CO. imp./ p. H3MeHHXbCH, H3MeHK)Cb, 

HSMeHHHibCH, HSMeHHXCH to change 

H3M6HHJICH BHA ropOAa. The ap- 

pearance of the city has changed. 

Bbi OHCHb H3MeHMJiHCb. You've 

changed a lot. (cf. MEHHTbCH) 

H3MEPHTb see H3MEPHTb 

H3MEPH[Tb, -io, -enib, -iox imp. 

H X 0? I p. H3Mep|HXb, -K), -HHIb, -HX 

to measure 

H3Mepnxb A-^HHy KoMHaxu. To 

measure the length of a room. 



H30 



50 



HHT 



TCMnepaTj^py. To take 
one's temperature. 
H3OEPA5KA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 

^ T 0?//>. H3O6pa|3HTb, ->Ky, 

-3HT to represent 

HTO BhI H3C6pa3 f /IJIH H3 9TOH 

THHe? What did you represent in 
that picture? 

H30EPA3ftTb see H30BPA5KATL 
H30EPECTfi see H30EPETATb 
H3OEPETA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 
^ T o? I p. H3o6pecTH, H3o6peT|y, 
-emb, -yT, past H3o6pe'ji, H3o6peji|a, 
-6, -H to invent 

HsoSpecxH Hosyio Maimray. To in- 
vent a new machine. 
H3-HOA prep. + gen. 

1. from under. Konma BwmJia H3- 
noA CTOJia. The cat came from 
under the table. 

2. from a place near some other 
place, npnexaxb HS-HOA Jlemra- 
rpana. To come from near Lenin- 
grad. 

H3yHA|Tb, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. H T o? 
K o r 6? / p. HsyqjiTb, H3y l iy, nay- 
HHinb, H33^aT to study 
HsyiaTb pyccKHH HSHK. To study 
Russian. IIsy^aTb npo6JieMy. To 
study a problem. 

H3yHflTb see H3yqATb 

flJIH con]', or 

SanaTHH HannyTCH saBTpa IJJIH 
nocjiesaBTpa. The lessons start to- 
morrow or the day after. OH #oMa 
IIJIH HCT? Is he at home or not? ^a 
HJIH HOT? Yes or no? 

flMEHHO particle precisely, just 

HMeHHO Bbi MHC HyjKHM. You are 

just the one I need. 

< Box HMeHHO. Exactly. 

HME|Tf>, -10, -enib, -K>T imp. KOTO? 
H T o? to have 

HMCTb MHOrO BpeMCHH ^JIH 3aHH- 

THH. To have a lot of time for 
one's studies. HMeTb BosMonmocTb 
noceTHTb BLicTaBKy. To be able to 
visit the exhibition. HMeTb 3Ha^e- 
HH6. To be of importance. 
HMHEPHAJIIlCTHHECKlHfl, -an, -oe, 
-ne imperialist 

neut., gen., dat. t prepos. IIMCHH, 
ace. HNIH, instr. HMeHCM; pi. HMC- 
Ha, HMCH, HMenaM, etc. name 
Moe HMH Bjia^HMHp. My name is 



Vladimir. KaK same HMH? What's 
your name? 

<$> BwcTynaxb OT HMCIIII KOPO-.IH- 
60. To speak on somebody's behalf. 
BnojTiiOTeKa HMCHH Jleumia. The 
Lenin library. 
HHAHE 

1. adv. in a different way. STO Ha- 
flo c^ejiaTb HHane. This should 
be done in a different way. 

2. con/, (or) else. HAH 6biCTpee, 
Hnaqe Tbi onosAaemb. Go faster, 
or else you'll be late. 

HH3KEHEP m. engineer 

FopHbiH HHJKCHep. A mining engi- 
neer. Mow. oieu HHJKenep. My 
father is an engineer. PaSoTaTb HH- 
jKenegOM. To work as an engineer. 

HHOr,HA^ac?j;. sometimes 

HnorAa OH npnxoAHJi AOMOH HOSA- 
HO. Sometimes he came home late. 

HHOCTPAH|EIJ m. t gen. -n.a foreigner 

B rOCTHHHHie JKHB6T MHOFO HHO- 

CTpaHn;eB. Many foreigners live in 
the hotel. 

HHOCTPAHHlMfl, -an, -oe, -Lie 
foreign 

MHOCTpaHHbie H3WKH. Foreign lan- 
guages. MHHHCTCPCTBO HHOCTpaH- 
HMX AGJI. The Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs. 

HHCTHT^T m. institute 

CTpOHTeJIbHblH HHCTHTVT. A build- 

ing institute. YHHTbCH B HHCTHTJ'- 
Te. To study at an institute. IIo- 
CTynnTb B HHCTHTyT. To enter an 
institute. HayHHO-nccJieAOBaTeJib- 
CKHH HHCTHTyx. A research insti- 
tute. 

HHCTPyMEHT m. instrument 

XnpyprHqecKHe HHCTpyMCHTH. Sur- 
gical instruments. MysbiKaJibHbiH 
HHCTpyMeHT. A musical instrument. 

HHTEJIJIHrEHqHH /., no pi. in- 
telligentsia 

HHTeJiJinreHiCHfl CTpaHM. The coun- 
try's intelligentsia. 

HHTEPEC m. 

1. interest. Bojibmon HHTepec. A 
great interest. GJiymaTb c HH- 
TepecoM. To listen with interest. 

2. usu. pi. interests. KjiaccoBtie 
HHTepecu. Class interests. 3a- 
mnnjaTb CBOII HHTepecH. To 
defend one's own interests. 



HHT 



51 



HCH 



HHTEPECH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form HHxepecen, HHxepecH|a, -o, 
-H; adv. HHxepecno 

1. interesting. HnxepecHbia $HJIBM. 
An interesting film. HHxepecnaH 
KHitra. An interesting book. Mu 
HHxepecHo npoBejni speMH. 
We've had an interesting time. 
3xo onenb HHxepecHo. It's very 
interesting. 

2. adv., predic. impers. often trans- 
lated by to wonder. MirrepecHO, 
npne^eT JIH OH? / wonder wheth- 
er he will come. 

HHTEPEQOBATb, -yfo, -yemb, -yiox 
imp. Kor6? HTO? to interest 
Ero iraxepecyex JKHBOHHCL. He is 
interested in painting. Mena iraxe- 
pecyex xexmraa. / am interested in 
technology. 

HHTEPEC|OBATbCH, -yrocb, -yemb- 
CH, -yioxca imp. KCM? HCM? to 
be interested 

MflxepecoBaxbCH Jinxepaxypon H HC- 
KyccxBOM. To be interested in litera- 
ture and art. 

HCKATb, Hmy, ifmemb, iimyx imp. / 
p. HaH|xH, -Ay, -Aenib, -yT 

1. KOTO? HXO? to look for. Mo 
Kaxb cBoero flpyra. To be look- 
ing for one's friend. HcKaxb 
HJiaxoK. To look for one's hand- 
kerchief. Kxo irajex, TOX Bcer,n;a 
HaiiAeT. Seek and you shall 
find. 

2. fig. HXO? or qero? to look 
for, to seek. Hcnaxb pa66xy. To 
look for a job. HcKaxb npaBAH. 
To seek the truth. Mcnaxb 
c^acxbfl. To seek happiness. 

HCKJIfOHAJTb, -K), -erab, -iox imp. 
K o r 6? H x o?//?. HCKJiK>q|iixb, -y, 
-Hmb, -ax to expel 
McKJiKmixb cxy^enxa H3 Hncxnxy- 
xa. To expel a student from the in- 
stitute. 

HCKJIK)HHHE neut. exception 
3xo HCKJUOHenne H3 npaBHJia. This 
is an exception to the rule. Hex 
npaBHJi 6ea HCKJnoHeHHfl. There are 
no rules without exceptions. 
<0> 3 a KCKJuoieHHeM MGHH, BCG 
6biJin na CTajjnoHe. Everybody was 
at the stadium, except me. 

HCKJIIOHfiTb see HCKJIIO^ATb 

flCKPEHH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne, short 



form HCKpenen, HCKpenH|a, -o, -LI; 
adv. HCKpenne sincere, frank 
HcKpenHHH HeJioBeK. A sincere per- 
son. HcKpeHHHH oxBex. A frank 
answer. CnaJKHxe HCKpeHne. Tell 
me frankly. 

HCK^CCTBEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we 
artificial 

HcKyccxBeHHoe BOJIOKHO. Artifi- 
cial fibre. HcKyccxBenHbiH me'jiK. 
Artificial silk. 

HCK^CCTBO neut. 

1. art. HaodpaatixeJibHbie HCKVC- 
cxsa. Imitative arts. HcnyccxBO 
napOAHbix MacxepOB. The art of 
folk masters. 

2. art. HcKyccxBo nrpm na rnxape. 
The art of playing the guitar. 
HcKyccxBo mnxbH. The art of 
sewing. 

HCnOJIHHTb see HCHOJIHHTb 
HCHOJIHHlTb, -ro, -erab, -K>X imp. 

H X O ? / p. HCnOJIH|HXb, -TO, -Hfflb, -HX 

1. to perform, to play. HcnoJinaxb 
MyatiKaJibHyio nbecy. To play a 
musical piece. HcnoJiHHXb poJlb. 
To play a part. 

2. to fulfil. Bbi lie Morjiii 6bi HC- 



MOK) upocb6y? Could 
you comply with my request? 
HCIlCJIb3|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. & p. KOTO? HXO? to make 
use of 

HcnoJibsoBaxb cneunajracxoB. To 
make use of specialists. McnoJibao- 
Baxb BpeMH. To make use of one's 
time. 

HCHPABHTb see HCIIPABJUlTb 
HCHPABJlHlTb, -ro, -emb, -iox imp. 

H X O? / p. HCnpa|BHXb, -BJIK), -BHfflb, 

-sax to correct 

HcnpaBHXb onra6Ky. To correct a 

mistake. 

HCnyrA|TbCH, -rocb, -einbca, -IOXCH 
p. KOTO? nerd? to be frightened 
MajibHiiK HcnyraJica. The boy got 
frightened. OH HCnyraJicji, HXO ne 
XBaxHX BpeMCHH. He was afraid 
that he would not have enough time. 
OH HCnyraJiCH rpoMa. He was 
afraid of the thunder. 

HCHblTAHHE neut. testing 

HcnuxaHHe MamHHbi. The testing 
of a machine. HcnbixaHHfl axoMHO- 
ro opyjKHH. The testing of an atom- 
ic weapon. 



HCT 



52 



KAK 



-an, -oe, -He 

1. history. IlcxopHHecKnik <$aKyjib- 
xex. The history department. 

2. historical. HcxopHHecKiie naMflx- 
IIIIKII. Historical monuments. 

3. historic. HcxopriqecKafl Aaxa. An 
historic date. 

HCTOPHH /. 

1. no pi. history. Hcxopun paaBH- 
Baexcn no CBOIIM saKonaM. History 
develops according to its own laws. 
HCTOPHH flpeBHero Mwpa. The 
history of antiquity. McxopHH 
HSbiKa. The history of a lan- 
guage. 

2. story. OH yMeex paccKaabiBaxb 
HHxepecHbie HCTOPHH. He can 
tell interesting stories. 

HCTPATHTb see TPATHTb 
HCHE3A|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp./ 
p. HCHe3H|yxb, -y, -euib, -yi, past 

HCH63, -Jia, -JIO, -JIH 

1. to disappear. CaMOJiex ncMea B 
oSJiaKax. The plane disappeared 
in the clouds. 

2. to cease. BOJIB iicneajia. The 
pain has gone. 

see HCHESATb 



HTAK con], so 

HxaK, penieHiie npimnxo. -So the 
decision has been taken. 

HX poss. pron. their, theirs 

Hx npe^JiojKenne SLIJIO npaBiuib- 
HbiM. Their proposal was right.S-ra 
KOMHaxa HX. This room is theirs. 

IIlDJIb m., no pi. July 

B HioJie y cxy,n,eHxoB KaniTKyjiH. 
The students have their holidays in 
July. CeroAHfl 25 HK>JIH. Today is 
the 25th of July. OH npne^CT 28-ro 
HioJifl. He will come on July 28. 

IlH)Hb m., no pi. June 

B HIOHB CTy^eHTH CA&K)T 3K3aMeiILI. 

Students take their exams in June. 



K, K 

K (KO) prep, -f dat. 

1. to, Up to. IIoflOHTlf K AOMy. To 

approach the house. OH no,n;oHieJi 
K TOBapnuiy. He went up to his 
friend. HAHTO K flOCKe. Come 
(go) to the blackboard. 

2. to. OH npnexaJi K flpyry. He 



came to see his friend. 
K naMl Come and see us! 

3. by. Haflo npHimi K ceMii 
Benepa. You must come by sev- 
en o'clock in the evening. 

4. to. Bnepe'A, K no6eAe! Forward, 
to victory! 

KABHHET m. 

1. study. PaSo^HH KaGnHex. A 

study. 

2.:Ka6nHex Bpa^a. A doctor's con- 
sulting-room, a surgery. 

no sing, cadres 
TexHHiecKHe Ka,u,pi>r. Technical 
cadres. 
KA5K,H|blft, -an, -oe, -Lie 

1. every. KajKflHH ACHB. Everyday. 
Kamflyio HCAeJiio MH XO^HM B 
xeaxp. We go to the theatre every 
week. J^oBOAHXb Ka>Kj];oe RQJIQ flo 
KOHU,a. To see every job through. 

2. u^ed as n. everyone. 3xo Ka?K- 
flbin 3naex. Everyone knows that. 

KA3KETCH paren. word it seems 
OH, Kamexca, npas. He seems to 
be right. KawexcH, OH 6tui 30 BO- 
JICH. He seemed to be pleased. 

KASATbCH, na>Kycb, KaJKeuibcn, Ka- 
?KyxcH imp. / p. noKasaxbcn, noKa- 
>Kycb, noKawenibCH, noKa>Kyxcfl 

1 . K e M? i e M? K a K H M? to seem. 
FopOA MHC noKasaJica onenb 
KpacHBbiM. The town seemed very 
beautiful to me. 

2. impers. to seem. Mne KawexcH, 
H ycneio BBinojinnxb pa66xy. It 
seems to me that I shall manage 
to do the work. Mne noKasanocb, 
HXO OH ycxaJi. He looked very 
tired to me. 

KA3H|flTb, -16, -HHib, -;ix imp. & p. 

K o r 6? to execute 

Kasmixb npecxynHHKa. To execute 

a criminal. 
KAK 

1. adv. how. KaK >KHBexe? How 
are you getting on? Kan H^yx 
ACJia? How are things going? fl 
3Haio, KaK npoexaxb B uenxp. / 
know how to get to the centre. 
KaK BH CKaaaJiH? What did you 
say? 

2. conj . like. Ee rjiasa 6biJiH KaK 
Mope. Her eyes were like the 
sea. 

<> KaK arc mi cxpaHHO... However 



KAK 



53 



KAP 



strange it may seem... H 
BVIO ce6n 3Aecb, Ran 
feel at home here. 
KAK-HHEy#B adv. somehow 

Haflo KaK-HH6yflb noMOHb eivty. We 
must help him somehow. 
KAK|Ofl, -an, -6e, -Tie 

1. what. KanaH cerdjjHH noro/ja? 
What is the weather like today? 
KaKyio Myabmy BH JiroSnxe? 
What sort of music do you like? 
KaKoe ceroAHH HHCJIO? What is 
the date today? KaKoii cero^HH 
flCHb ne^eJiH? What day of the 
week is today? Kan we UBexbi BH 
xoxnxe KynHTb? What flowers do 
you want to buy? 

2. what (a). KaKOH xoponraii jjeHb! 
What a fine day! KaKan Kpaco- 
xa! What beauty! 

KAK|Ofl (-an, -6e, -He) -HHE^/JB any 

.ZJanxe MHC KaKyio-HH6y,n;b KHHry. 

Give me any book. 
KAK|Ofl[ (-an, -de, -ne)-TO some 

Bac cnpamHBaex KaKofi-xo My 

na. A man is asking for you. 
KAK-TO adv. somehow, somewhat 

To, HXO XH CKaaaji, naK-xo HCHCHO. 

What you said is somehow not 

clear. 
KAJIEH/JAPIb m., gen. -H calendar 

HacxoJibHbiH KaJieH^apb. A desk 

calendar. OxptiEEoii KajieH^apb. A 

tear-off calendar. 
KAMEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie stone 

1. KaMeHHtiH #OM. A stone house. 

2. fig. KaMeHHoe cepA^e. A heart 
of stone. 

<> KaMcinibiii yrojib. Coal. 

KAM|EHb m., gen. -HH stone 

EojibmoH KaMCHb. A large stone. 
Bpocuxb KaMenb. To throw a stone. 
,ZJparon;eHHbie KaMHH. Precious 
stones. 

<> HauiJia Koca na KaMcm, (prov- 
erb). Cf. Diamond cut diamond. 

KAHAJI m. canal 

OpocHTeJibHbifi Kanaji. An irrigation 
canal. Exaib no Kanany. To sail 
along a canal. 
AAT m . 

1. candidate. KaHAimaT B ^enyxaxbi 
BepxoBHoro CoBexa. A candidate 
to the Supreme Soviet. 

2. candidate. Kaimnflax nayK. Mas- 
ter of science. 



KAHflKYJIBI no sing, holidays 

SHMHiie KaHHKyjiw. Winter holidays. 
JlexHne KaHHKyJibi. Summer hol- 
idays. Bo BpeMH KaHHKyji. Dur- 
ing the holidays. B KaHHKyJibi OH 
ox,n;bixaex. He has a rest during his 
holidays. 

KAIlHTAJlftSM m. capitalism 

KAnHTAJIHCTflHECKlHfl, -an, -oe, 
-ne capitalist 

KanHxaJiHcxrinecKHH cxpofi. The 
capitalist system. 

KAHHTAH m. captain 

KaiiHxan AaJibnero njiaBaniiH. A 
sea- going captain. KannxaH $yx- 
6oJibHOH KOMan^bi. The captain of 
a football team. 

KAII|JIfl /., gen. pi. -ejib 

1. drop. KanjiH JKIIAKOCXH. A drop 
of a liquid. KanjiH ROWRii. A 
raindrop. 

2. no sing, drops. Kyniixb KanJin 
B anxeKe. To buy some drops at 
a chemist's. 

KAH^CTA /., no pi. cabbage 

KnJiorpaMM Kanycxw. A kilogramme 
of cabbage. 

<> KncJiaa Kanycxa. Sauerkraut. 
IJeeTHaa Kanycxa. Cauliflower. 

KAPAH^Ain m., gen. -a pencil 

U,BexHbie KapaHAaniH. Coloured pen- 
cils. PncoBaxbHapaHAamoM. To draw 
with a pencil. 

KAPMAH m. pocket 

Bbmyxb nJiaxoK H3 KapMana. To 

take one's handkerchief out of 

one's pocket. HoJKWKHXb .neHbrn B 

KapMan. To put money in one's 

pocket. 

<> OH 3 a CJIOBOM B KapMan He no- 

jieaeT. He has a ready tongue. 

KAPTA /. 

1. map. HoJinxH^ecKaH Kapxa MH- 
pa. A political map of the world. 

2. card. Hrpaxb B Kapxbi. To play 
cards. 

KAPTflHA /. 

1. picture. HpeKpacHan KapxHHa. 
A beautiful picture. XVAO>KHHK 
nntnex KapXHHy. The artist is 
painting a picture. 

2. fig. scene. Kapxihra npnpoAH. 
A scene of nature. 

KAPTOOEJIB m., no pi. (colloq. Kap- 
ToraKa) potatoes 



KAC 



54 



KJIA 



KACA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -K>XCH 
imp. KOTO? Hero?//>. Kocnlyxb- 
CH, -ycb, -embcH, -yxca 

1. to touch. KocnyxbcH seMJiii py- 
KOH. To touch the ground with 
the hand. 

2. fig. to touch upon, to concern. 
ftoKJiaAHHK KocHyjicH Bonpoca o 
noJiOJKGHHH B cxpaHe. The speak- 
er touched upon the situation in 
the country. 3xo MGHH He Kaca- 
CTCH. That doesn't concern me. 

KACCA /. cash-desk 

ILiaTi'iTb flenbrn B Kaccy. To pay the 

money at the cash-desk. 

<> CSeperaxejibHaa Kacca. Savings 

bank. 

KACTPlOJIfl /. saucepan 
KATA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -IOTCH 

imp. na q e M?: Kaxaxbcn na Jio,n;- 

Ke. To go boating. Kaxaxbcn Ha 

JibiJKax. To go skiing. Kaxaxbca na 

KOHbKax. To go skating. 

<> JIro6nrai KaxaTbcfl jiioSn H 

caiio*iKii uo3iiTi> (proverb). Cf. No 

sweet without some sweat. 
KAHECTBO neut. quality 

KaiecxBO pa66xti. The quality of 

work. HpOAyKmiH BbicoKoro Kanecx- 

sa. High-quality output. 
KAfflA /. porridge 

MaHHan Kama. Semolina pudding. 

FpeHHeBan Kama. Buckwheat por- 

ridge. 
K ADI| E Jib m -, gen. -JIH cough 

y M6HH CHJIbHHH KaiHCJIb. / have 

a bad cough. 
KADIJIH|Tb, -K>, -emb, -KT to cough 

BoJibHoii ciiJibHo KamJiflex. The 

sick man coughs badly. 
KBA/JPATH|bIH, -afl, -oe, -ue square 

KBa^paxnan KOMHaxa. A square 

room. 
KBAPTAJI m. 

1. block, district. HoBbifi ropoflCKofi 
KfiapxaJi. A new city district. 

2. quarter. B xpexbeM KBapxaJie 
3xorp rd,n;a 6pnraji;a pa66xajia 
OXJIOTHO. In the third quarter of 
this year the brigade worked very 
well. 

KBAPTKPA /. flat 

TpexKOMHaxHaa KBapxiipa. A three- 
room flat. 

KHJIOFPAMM m. kilogramme 

Ilflxb KHJiorpaMMOB caxapa. Five 



kilogrammes of sugar. KmiorpaMM 
MHca. A kilogramme of meat. 
KHJIOMETP m. kilometre 

CKOJIbKO KHJIOMOXpOB flO TOpOAa? 

How many kilometres is it to the 
town? 
KHHO neut., indecl. 

1. cinema. Vcnexn KHHO. The suc- 
cess of the cinema. 

2. colloq. film. Givioxpexb KHHO. 
To see a film. TM CMoxpeJi 
3x0 KHHO? Have you seen this 
film? 

3. colloq. cinema. Hflxn B KHHO. To 
go to the cinema. 

KHHOTEATP m. picture palace, cin- 
ema 

B MoCKBe MHoro KHHoxeaxpoB? Are 
there many cinemas in Moscow? 

KHHOcDfiJIbM m. see OHJIbM 

KHOCK m. kiosk, news-stand 

Fa^XHbiH KHOCK. A news-stand. 
Kyniixb /Kypnaji B KHOCKO. To buy 
a magazine at a news-stand. 

KHn|ETb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -lix, -HX imp. to boil 
Bo^a KHHHX. The water is boiling. 
MOJIOKO KHHPIX. The mi Ik is boiling. 

KHPHflH m., gen. -a brick 

K]JCJI|Mfl, -aH, -oe, -tie, short form 
KHceji, KHCJia, KHCJI|O, -H; adv. 
KHCJIO sour 

Kricjioe H6JIOKO. A sour apple. 
<> Kacjiaa Kanycra. Sauerkraut. 

KJIACC 1 m. class 

Pa66^HU KJiacc. The working class. 

KJIACC 2 m. 

1. grade, y^nxbcfl B nepBOM Kjiac- 
ce. To be in (to be a pupil in) 
the first grade. 

2. classroom. B nameM KJiacce 
OHenb Hiicxo. Our classroom is 
very clean. 

3. class. Hani KJiacc oqenb Apy>K- 
iibiii. We are all friends in our 
class. 

KJIACCOBIblfi, -an, -oe, -we class 
KJiaccoBaH 6opb6a. The class strug- 
gle. KjiaccoBbie npoxHBopeHHH. 
Class contradictions. 

KJIACTb, KJiaAly, -emb, -yi, past 
KJiaji, KJiaJi|a, -o, -H imp. KOTO? 
^ x o? na H x 6?//>. noJioJKiixb, no- 
jioHty, noJiojKHmb, noJiomax to 
place, to put 
KJiacxb KHiiry na cx6Ji. To put the 



KJIE 



55 



KOJI 



book on the table. IIoJio>KHXb caxap 
B Han. To put sugar in the tea. 
<> IIojio/KHTfa naiajio HOBOMy ne- 
jiy. To lay the foundation for some- 
thing new. 

KJIET|KA /., gen. pi. -OK 

1. cage. Kynnxb KJiexKy AJia HXHH,. 
To buy a bird cage. 

2. squared, check. Texpa^b B KJiex- 
Ky. A squared copy-book. Maxe- 

pnaJi B KJiexKy. Check material. 

3. cell. 

O Tpy^HaH KJieTKa. The thorax. 

KJIflMAT m. climate 

MopCKOH KJiHMax. A maritime cli- 
mate. MarKHH KJiHMax. A mild 
climate. 

KJIYB m. club 

Pa6oHHH KJiy6. A workers' club. B 
KJiy6e ceroAHa xaHHLi. There is a 
dance at the club today. 

KJHOH m., gen. -a 

1. key. OH noxepaji KJIIOH OT KBap- 
XHpbi. He has lost the key to his 
flat. Sanepexb #Bepb na KJIIOH. 
To lock the door. 

2. fig. clue 
KHflFA /. book 

L lHxaxb KHtiry. To read a book. 
KHfl>K|KA /., gen. pi. -eK dim. of 

KHHra book. 

JJexcKaa KHH>KKa. A children's 

book. 

<0> Sanncnafl KiiMiKica. Note-book. 
KHfl5KH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we book 

KHiijKHafl ndjiKa. A bookshelf. 

KHHJKHLIH mKa(f>. A bookcase. KHH>K- 

HHH Maraar'm. A bookshop. 
KOB|EP m., gen. -pa carpet 

MarKHH KOBep. A soft carpet. 
KOr#A adv. 

1. when. KorAa xu npHflemb #0- 
MOH? When will you come home? 

2. when. H snaro, KOFA^ OH npn- 
eAex. / know when he comes. Kor- 
Aa KOHHHrab padoxy, HPHXOAM 
KO MHB. Come and see me when 
you have finished your work. 

KOrflA-HHE^flk adv. some day 
KorAa-HH6y,nb XH BcnoMHHHib 06 
3XHX cJioBax. Some day you will 
remember these words. 

KOr#A-TO adv. some time ago 

H 6mi xa\i Korfl;a-xo. / was there 
some time ago. 



KO3KA /. 

1. skin. K6>Ka JiHna. The skin of the 
face. LJsex KO>KH. Complexion. 

2. leather. HeMo^aH HS KO?KH. A 
leather suitcase. 

KO5KAH|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -ue leather 
KojKaHLiii HeMOAaH. A leather suit- 
case. KoHtaiioe Kpecjio. A leather 
arm-chair. KojKaHiie xy(|)JiH. Leath- 
er shoes. 

KOJIBACA /. (luncheon) sausage 

Kon l ie'Haa KOJiSaca. Smoked sausage. 
Bapenaa KOJiSaca. Boiled sau- 
sage. Byxep6poA c KOJiSacon. A 
sausage sandwich. 

KOJIEBATbCH, KOJie6ji|iocb, -enibca, 
-roxca imp. 

1. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to 
tremble. Jlncxba ^epeBbeB KOJie6- 
jiroxca ox Bexpa. The leaves of 
the trees are trembling in the 
wind. 

2. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to 
fluctuate. LJeHBi na PMHKC KOJie6- 
Jiioxca. The prices on the market 
fluctuate. 

3. to hesitate. Kojie6axbca B oueH- 
KC HejioBeKa. To hesitate in as- 
sessing a person. 

KOJIEH|O neut., pi. -H knees 

IIocaAHXb peGe'HKa Ha KOJICHH. To 
put a child on one's lap. MajibHHK 
CH^eJi na KOJienax y Maxepn. The 
boy was on his mother's lap. Cxoaxb 
Ha KOJienax. To be kneeling 

KOJIECO neut , pi. KOJieca wheel 
KoJieco MamHHBi. A wheel of a 
machine. 

KOJIfiHECTBO neut. quantity 

KojiMHecxBO BO AH B 6acceiiHe. The 
quantity of water in a swimming- 
pool. 

KOJIJIEKTfiB m. collective body 
^pyjKHtiil KOJiJieKXHB. A united 
collective. KOJIJICKXHE ^)a6pHKH. 
The collective of a factory. 

KOJLJIEKTflBHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie 
collective 

KoJiJieKXHBHbiH AoroBOp. A collec- 
tive agreement. KoJiJieKxiiBHoe xo- 
aaHCXBO. A collective farm. 

KOJIOHHAJIbH|blH, -aa, -oe, -bie 
colonial 

KoJiOHHaJibHbiii pejKHM. A colonial 
regime. KoJionnaJibHaa noJiHXHKa. 
A colonial policy. 



KOJI 



56 



KOH 



KOJIOHHfl /. colony 

HapoAH KOJIOHHH. The peoples of 

the colonies. 
KOJIOHHA /. 

1. column. 3aji c 6ejibiMH KOJIOH- 
H3MH. A hall with white columns. 

2. column. KoJioiraa cnopxcMenoB. 
A column uf sportsmen. 

KOJIX03 m. collective farm 

HepeflOBOH KOJIXOS. A foremost 
collective farm. Pa66xaxb B KOJI- 
xoae. To work on a collective farm. 

KOJIXO3HHK m. collective farmer 
KOJIXOSHHKH y6iipaioT ypojKan. 
The collective farmers are gather- 
ing in the harvest. 

KOJIXG3H|BIfl, -an, -oe, -Lie of a 
collective farm 

KoJixoanaH c66cTB6HHOCTb. Collec- 
tive-farm property. 

KOJIBIJO neut., pi. KOJibija, KOJieij, 
KOjibijaM, etc. 

1. ring. SojiOToe KOJibii;6. A gold 
ring. 

2. circle. Exaxb no KOJibu,y. To go 
on a train servicing the Circle 
Line (in the Moscow underground 
railway). 

KOMAHJJA /. team 

QyxSoJibHan KOMan^a. A football 
team. 
KOMAHftflP m. commander 

KoManvjiip nojiKa. A regiment com- 
mander. KoMaHfliip napxnaaHCKoro 
oxpH,na. The commander of a guer- 
rilla detachment. 

KOMAHtflOBATB, .y ro , -yenib, -yiox 
imp. K e M? H e M? to command 
KoMan^OBaib apMneii. To command 
an army. 
KOMBAflH m. combine 

yrojibHbiii KOMSafin. A coal mining 
combine. 
KOMBHHAT m. mill, plant 

OH pa66xaex na 6yMa?KHOM KOM6n- 
Haie. He works at a paper mill. 
<> KoMSmiaT SwTOBoro o6c;iy>KH- 
imuiiH. A personal service establish- 
ment. 
KOMflCCHfl /. commission 

ITpneMHaH KOMPICCHH. A selection 
commission. HaSHpaTejibHan KO- 
MHCCHH. An election commission. 
KOMHTET m. committee 

IJeHTpaJIbHHH KOMHTCT KOMMyHHC- 

THHCCKOH napiHH CoBeiCKoro Coro- 



3a. The Central Committee of the 
Communist Party of the Soviet 
Union. HcnojiHiiTeJibHHH KOMIITCT. 
An executive committee. 

KOMMyHfl3M m., no pi. commu- 
nism 

GxpoiiTb KOMMyniisM. To build com- 
munism. 

KOMMyHflCT m. Communist 

CoK>3 KOMMyHHCTOB. The Union of 
Communists. HapTHfl KOMMyHHCTOB. 
A Communist Party. 

KOMMyHHCTftqECKIHfl, -an, oe, 
-ne 

1. communist. KoMMyHHCifnecKafl 
napxHH CoBeiCKoro Corosa. The 
Communist Party of the Soviet 
Union. 

2. communist. Bpura^a KOMMVHHC- 
THHecKorb xpy.ua. A brigade of 
Communist Labour. 

KOMHATA /. room 

Ho Ban KOMnaxa. A new room. Gflex- 
JiaH KOMHaxa. A bright room. B 
KOMHaxe xenJio. It is warm in the 
room . 

KOMIIO3flTOP m. composer 

HsBecxHHH KOMnoaiixop. A well- 
known composer. 

KOMCOMOJI m. the Young Com- 
munist League 

KOMCOMO|JIEIJ m., gen. -Jibna Young 
Communist Leaguer 
AKXiiBHbiH KOMCOMOJien;. An active 
Young Communist Leaguer. Ha 
cxpOHKax paSoxaex MHOFO KOMCO- 
MoJibn;eB. Many Young Communist 
Leaguers work at the construction 
sites. 

KOMCOMOJIBCKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne 
Young Communist League 

KOMCOMOJIbCKHH 6HJI6X. A Y Cling 

Communist League (membership) 
card. KoMCOMOJibCKoe co6paHnc. A 
Y.C.L. meeting. 

KOHBEPT m. envelope 

Kyniixb KOHBepx. To buy an enve- 
lope. SaKJienxb KOHBepx. To seal an 
envelope. 

KOHIEIJ m., gen. -ua end 

KoHen; KHHrn. The end of the book. 
<> B Komie KOIIHOB. At last, at 
the end. HO;IO;KMTI, KOIICII, ieMy- 
JIHOO. To put an end to something. 
CeOHHTb Koiiubi c KoimaMii. To 
make both ends meet. 



KOH 



57 



KOC 



KOHEHHO [-am-] 

1. paren. word certainly. Tbi, KO- 
He^HO, snaenib 06 BTOM. You cer- 
tainly know that. 

2. particle of course. Tti nofiflemt 
B KHHO? KoneHHo! "Will you 
go to the cinema?" "Of course!" 

KOHCEPB|bI pi., no sing., gen. -OB 
food preserves 

OsomHtie KOHCepfiH. Canned vege- 
tables. MflCHbie KOHCepBM. Canned 
meat. Pbi6Hbie KoncepBbi. Canned 
fish. 

KOHCTHT^IJHH /. constitution 

KOHTPOJIbH|bIH, -an, -oe, -He con- 
trol, test 

IlHcaTb KOHXpoJibHyio pa66xy. To 
write a test-paper. 

KOHOETA /. sweet 

IHoKOJiaAHafl KOH(|)eTa. A chocolate. 
HflTbCOT rpaMMOB KOH(|)eT. Five 
hundred grammes of sweets. 

KOHIJEPT m. 

1. concert. KoHu,epT necnn H HJIC- 
KH. A concert of songs and 
dances. Konn;epT xynoTKeci- 
B6HHOH caMOfleHxeJibHocxH. An 
amateur performers 1 concert. 

2. concerto. Komjepx ^JIH cKpimKii 
c opKecxpOM. A concerto for 
violin and orchestra. 

KOHHA|Tb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. 
HTO? & -\-inf. Ip. KoHH|HXb, -y, 
-Hinb, -ax 

1. to finish. Konqnxb 6eceay. To 
finish a conversation. IleBHija 
KOHHHJia nexb. The singer fin- 
ished singing. 

2. to finish, to graduate. KoEranxb 
mKOJiy. To finish school. KOH- 
HHTb yHHBepCHTeT. To graduate 
from the University. 

KOH^AjTbCa, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -IOTCH imp. / 
p. KOH^lHTbcfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -axcn to 
end 

KonijepT KonqaeiCH B 10 nacoB se- 
nepa. The concert ends at 10 
o'clock in the evening. 
KOHHHTb see KOHHATb 
KOHHHTbCH see KOHHATbCfl 
KOHb m., gen. KOHH; pi. KOHH, KO- 
Hefi, KOHHM, etc. horse 
Exaib na Kone. To ride on horse- 
back. 



KOHbKfl pi., sing. KOHCK m., gen. 

KOHbKa skates 

BeroBbie KOHbKti. Racing skates. 

KaxaxbCH na noiibKax. To skate. 
KOHElflKA /., gen. pi. -en copeck 

(the smallest Russian coin, 1/100 of 

a rouble). 

Oflna KoneiiKa. One copeck. J^se 

KoneiiKH. Two copecks. IlHTb KO- 

iieeK. Five copecks. 
KOPABJI|b m., gen. -H ship 

BoeHHLiii KOpa6jib. A warship. 
KOP|EHb m., gen. -HH 

1. root. Kopenb pacieHna. The 
root of a plant. 

2. root. Kopenb cjiofla. The root 
of a word. 

3. root. HsBJienb KBa^paTHbiH KO- 
penb H3 Hiicjia. To extract the 
square root of a number. 

O CMOTpexb B Kopenb. To get at 

the root (of something). 
KOPHJJOP m. corridor, passage 
KOPflHHEBIbEtt, -an, -oe, -He brown 

KOPMflTb, KOpMJIK), KOpMHfflb, Kop- 

MHT imp. K o r 6? H e M? / p. na- 

KOpMHTb, HaKODMJIK), HaKOpMHOIb, 

HanopMHT to feed 

Maib KOPMHT peSeHKa cynoM. The 

mother gives soup to her child. 

KOPOE|KA /., gen. pi. -OK box 

Kop66i\a cnnqeK. A box of matches. 
KopoSKa KOH(|)eT. A box of sweets. 

KOPOBA /. cow 

B KOJixoae MHoro KOpoB. The col- 
lective farm has many cows. 

KOPOJI|b m., gen. -ii king 

KOPOTKIHW, -an, -oe, -ne, short form 

KOpOTOK, KOpOTKa, KOpOTK|0, -II', 

adv. KOpoxKo; comp. nopone short 

1. Short. KopOTKHH HHA>KaK. A 

short coat. KopoiKaH KypTKa. A 
short jacket. 

2. short. KOPOTKHH cpOK. A short 
time. KOPOTKHH paaroBOp. A 
short conversation. KopOTKO OT- 
BexHTb. To answer briefly. 

3. only short form too short. K)6Ka 
en KOpOTKa. The skirt is too short 
for her. 

KOCMflHECKlHtt, -an, -oe, -He cos- 
mic, space 

KocMHHecKoe npocipancTBo. Space. 
KocMHqecKHH KOpaSjib. A space- 
ship. KocMinecKHe JIVHH. Cosmic 
rays. 



KOC 



58 



KPE 



KOCMOHABT m. cosmonaut 

K6CMOC m. cosmos, space 

May^eHHe KocMOca. Studying 
space. IIoJiexH B KOCMOC. Space 
flights. 

KOCH^TbCH see KACATbCH 

KOCT|b /., gen. pi. -en bone 
IlepeJioM KOCTH. A fracture. 

KOCTIDM m. suit, costume 

CnopXHBHHH KOCTIOM. A sports cos- 
tume. KynHTb KOCTIOM. To buy a 
suit. 

KOTJIETA /. cutlet, rissole 

MncHbie KOXJICXH. Meat cutlets (ris- 
soles). JKapHXb KOXJiexH. To fry 
cutlets. 

KOTOP|blfl, -an, -oe, -He 

1. who, which. H snaio xoBapnma, 
KOxopHH npnexaji HS JlennH- 
rpafl,a. / know the comrade who 
came from Leningrad. 

2. what, which. Koxopnn nac? 
What time is it? Fae Kmira, KO- 
Topyio TW o6ein.aji? Where is the 
book which you promised? 

KO<DE m., indecl. t no pi. 

1. coffee. IlJiaHxaHHH Ko<|>e. A cof- 
fee plantation. 

2. coffee. limb HepHLiii Ko<j>e. To 
drink black coffee. K6$e c MO- 
JIOKOM. White coffee. 

KOm|KA /., gen. pi. -eK cat 
Hepnan Konma. A black cat. 

KPAH m., prepos. o Kpae & B Kparo, 
na Kparo; pi. KpaH 

1. edge. Ha Kpaio CTOJia. On the 
edge of the table. 

2. land. PO^HOH KpaH. The native 
land. TenJibie Kpaa. Warm lands. 

3. territory. OraBponoJibCKHH Kpan. 
Stavropol territory. 

KPAH m. 

1. tap. BojjonpOBonHLiH Kpan. A 
water tap. OiKpoH KpaH. Turn 
the tap on. 

2. crane. noflteMHtin KpaH. A crane. 
KPACflB|blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short 

form KpacHB, -a, -o, -H; adv. Kpa- 
CHBO beautiful; handsome 
KpaciiBan AesymKa. A beautiful 
girl. KpacHBaH MeCTHOCTb. Beauti- 
ful country. BoKpyr oieHb KpacH- 
BO. Everything around is very beau- 
tiful. 



KPA|CHTb, -my, -cnmb, -CHT imp. 

HTO? / p. noKpa|cHTb, -tny, -cnmb, 

-CHT to paint 

KpacHTb HOJI. To paint the floor. 
KPAC|KA /., gen. pi. -OK paint 

ToJiyGan KpacKa. Blue paint. 
KPACHE|Tb, -TO, -emb, -K>T imp. / 

p. noKpacne|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT to 

turn red; to blush, to flush 

H6JIOKH noKpacneJiH. The apples 

turned red. Kpacnexb OT CTHfta. To 

blush with shame. 
KPACH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form 

Kpacen, Kpacna, Kpacnjo, -H red 

KpaciiHH KapaHflain. A red pencil. 

<> Kpacnafl njioma^b. Red Square. 
KPA|CTb, -jty, -emb, -^yr, past Kpaji, 

-a, -o, -H imp. ITO? y KOTO?/ 

p. yKpa|CTb, -ay, -aemb, -A^T, past 

yKpaji, -a, -o, -H to steal 

OH yKpaJi y nnx Aenbrn. He stole 

mtihey from them. 
KPATK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

Kpai-oK, KpaTKa, KpaTK|o, -H; adv. 

KpaiKO short, brief, concise 

KpaTKHH flOK^afl. A brief report. 

KpaiKHfi cjioBapb. A concise dic- 
tionary. H 6y;jy KpaxoK. /'// be 

brief. 
KPEMJI|b m., gen. -H the citadel of 

an old Russian town 

MOCKOBCKHH KpeMJib. The Moscow 

Kremlin. 
KPEnK|Hft, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

KpenoK, KpenKa, KpenKjo, -H; 

adv. KpenKo; comp. Kpen^e 

1. hard. KpenKHH opex. Hard nut. 

2. strong. KpenKHH opraHH3M. A 
strong organism. 

3. strong. KpenKoe BHHO. Strong 
wine. KpenKHH nan. Strong tea. 

<> Kpeniuiii COH. A sound sleep. 
KpenKo cnaTb. To sleep soundly. 

KPElIH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yx, past 
Kpen, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH imp. /p. OKpen- 
H|yib, -y, -emb, -yx, past oKp6n, 
-Jia, -Jio, -JIH to grow stronger 
Pe6e*HOK OKpen. The child grew 
stronger. Kp^nnex ^py?K6a Meay 
cxpanaMH. The friendship between 
countries grows stronger. 

KPEC|JIO neut., gen. pi. -eJi armchair 
MarKoe Kpecjio. A soft armchair. 
GHA^xb B KpecJie. To sit in an arm- 
chair. 



KPE 



59 



KTO 



KPECTbUHHH m., pi. Kpecxbjrae, 

KpecxbHH peasant 

KPECTbflHCKlHfi, -an, -oe, -ne peas- 
ant 

KpecxbHHCKan ceMbfi. A peasant 

family. 
KPHB|Ofl, -an, --6e, -He crooked 

Kpusafl JIHHHH. A crooked line. 

KpnBafl yjrana. A crooked street. 
KPflKHyTb see KPHHATb 
KPHH|ATb, -y, -nmb, -ax imp./ 

p. KpiiKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to cry, 

to shout 

Kpnnaxb OT SOJIH. To cry with 

pain. He Kpnnvixe na MCHH! Don't 

shout at me! 
KPOBATb /. bed 

JJepeBHHHafl KpoBaTb. A wooden 

bed. JIoKaxb Ha KpOBaxn. To lie 

on a bed. 
KPOBb /., no pi., prepos. B 

blood 

OH nopeaaJi naJien;, noK 

KpOBb. He cut his finger and blood 

appeared. 

<> BopoxfaCfl 30 nocjieflHefi Kanjin 

Kponu. To fight to one's last drop 

of blood. 
KPOME prep.-}- gen. 

1. except. HpHHiJiH see, KpoMe 
OflHoro cxyaeHxa. Everybody 
came, except one student. 

2. besides. KpoMe MCHH, npmnjio 
ein,e HeCKOJibKO HeJioBeK. A few 
people came besides myself. 

O OH xopomo nrpaex B BOJiefiSoji, 
a Kpoine Toro OH nenjioxofi 
uiaxMaTiicT. He plays volley-ball 
well, besides he is not a bad chess- 
player. 
KPyr m., pi. -ii 

1. circle. Iljioma^b Kpyra. The 
area of a circle. 

2. circle. TannyioiHHe oSpaaosajiH 
mnpOKHH Kpyr. The dancers 
formed a large circle. 

<> B Kpyry apyaefi. Among 
-friends. B TBCHOM Kpyry. Among 
friends. 

KPyrJI|blfl, -an, -oe,^-He, short form 
npyrji, npyrjia, Kpyrjijo, -H round 
KpyrJitiH GXOJI. A round table. 
Kpyrjioe JIH^6. A round face. 
<> Kpyrjiwfi roff. The whole year 
round. Kpyrjibie CVTKH men 
. It rained round the clock. 



Kpyrjibifi cupoxa. A complete or- 
phan. Kpyrjiwii OTJIHUHHK. A pu- 
pil with only excellent marks. Kpyr- 
JIMH aypaK. An utter fool. 

OK m., gen. -Ka circle, society 
JlnxepaxypHBiH KpyHCOK. A litera- 
ry society. KpyJKoK neHHH. A sing- 
ing group. 

KPyriH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -bie large 
KpynHoe npeAnpnaxiie. A large 
enterprise. KpynnaH 
nocxb. Large-scale industry. 
<> PasMenaTb Kpyniibio 
To change large bank-notes. Kpyn- 
HbiS paarOBOp. A serious conver- 
sation. 

KPyTjOfl, -aa, -oe, -we, short form 
Kpyx, Kpyxa, Kpyx|o, -H; adv. npy- 
xo 

1. steep. Kpyxaa ropa. A steep 
hill. 

2. sharp. Kpyxon noBopox ^oporn. 
A sharp turn of the road. 

3. fig. sharp. Kpyxofi xapanxep. 
A sharp temper. 

KPblJIO neut., pi. KpbiJibH wing 

Kpmio nxMD,Bi. The wing of a bird. 
KptiJio caMOJiexa. The wing of a 
plane. 

KPb'IfflA /. roof 

JKeJiesnaa Kprnraa. A metal roof. 
KpBiina flOMa. The roof of a house. 

KPim|KA /., gen. pi. -eK lid 

KpbiraKa ^aHHHKa. The teapot (tea- 
kettle) lid. 

KCTATH adv. & par en. word by the 
way, on the way 

Kor/ja noH^emb B Maraann, ncxaxn 
saaflH na no^xy. When you go to 
the shop, call f at the post-office on 
the way. Kcxaxn, OH ywe npnexaji? 
By the way, has he already come? 

KTO pron., gen., ace. KOTO [naBo], 
dat. KOMy, instr. KOM, prepos. o KOM 
who 

Kxo npHme'ji? Who has come? Koro 
Hex B KJiacce? Who is absent from 
the class? KoMy ji;axb KHiiry? Whom 
shall I give the book to? Koro xti 
xaM BHAHHib? Whom do you see 
there? KCM XH He^oBOJieH? Whom 
are you displeased with? O KOM XH 
flyMaemb? Whom are you thinking 
about? H anaro, KXO BSHJI MOH CJIQ- 
Bapb. / know who has taken my 
dictionary. 



KTO 



60 



pron., gen., ace. 
-], dat. 

instr. KeM-Hii6yAb, prepos. o KOM- 
HH6yAfc somebody, anybody 
KTo-HH6yA b npnmeji? Has anybody 
come? CKanm KOMy-Hn6yA b 06 STOM. 
Tell somebody about that. 

KTO-TO pron., gen., ace. KOFO-TO [na- 
BO-], dat. KOMy-To, instr. KGM-TO, 
prepos. o KOM-TO somebody 
KTO-TO Bome'ji B KOMHaTy, HO OH 
He BHACJI, KTO. Somebody entered 
. the room but he could not see who 
it was. 

KV#A adv. where 

KyAa TH HAemb? Where are you 
going? HaAO pemHTb, KyAa MH 
noeA^M JICTOM. We must decide where 
we shall go in the summer. 

KyflA-flHEyjJb adv. somewhere 
IIoJKKH KHHru KyAa-HH6yA*> H 
noHAeM. Put the books somewhere 
and let's go. 

KY^A-TO adv. somewhere 

fl KyAa-To noJiojKHJi CBO/I KHiirn. 
/ put my books somewhere. OH Ky- 
Aa-TO ymeJi. He has gone some- 
where. 

KYJTAK m., gen. -a fist 

VAapHTb KyjiaKoM no cTOJiy. To 
strike the table with one's fist. 

KYJIbTYPA /. 

1. culture. HcTopiiH 
The history of culture. 
KyJibTypH. A cultural worker. 

2. crop. SepnoBLie KyjibTypw. Ce- 
real crops. TexHiinecKne 
Typti. Technical crops. 

3. culture. HeJiOBeK SoJibinoii 
Typbi. A man of great culture. 

4.: KyjibTypa nponsBOACTBa. Stan- 
dard of production. 

KyjILT^PHlblfl, -aH, -oe, -bie, short 
form KyjibTypen, KyJibTypn|a, -o, -M 

1. cultured. KyJibTypHbiii ^eJiOBCK. 
A cultured man. OHH HCAOCTa- 
TOHHO KyjibTypHH. They are not 
cultured enough. 

2. only complete form cultural. 
KyJibTypntie CBHSH. Cultural re- 
lations. 

KynA|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOTCH 

imp. to bathe 

KynaTbca B Mope. To bathe in the 

sea. 
KYnflTb see nOKYIlATb 



KYPflTb, Kypro, Kypmnb, KypHT imp. 
H T o?//?. noKypHTb, noKypio, no- 
Kypninb, noKypHT to smoke 
KypiiTb nannpocbi. To smoke ciga- 
rettes. BH KypHTe? Do you smoke? 
KypiiTe, nojKajiyHCTa. Nave a 
cigarette, please. 

KYPHIJA f., pi. K ypbi 

1. hen. BeJiaa Kypnita. A white 

hen. 

2. chicken. JKapenafl KypH^a. 
Roast chicken. Cyn c KypHEiieH. 
Chicken soup. 

KYPC m. 

1. course, series. KP&TKHM nypc 
HCTOPHH. A short history course. 
HpocjiymaTb Kypc JieKHHH no 
JiHTepaType. To listen to a se- 
ries of lectures on literature. 

2. year of study. GTyAeHT BTOporo 
Kypca. A second-year student. OH 
yHHTca na TpeTbeM Kypce. He is 
in his third year. BTOpoH Kypc 
aannMaeTCH B ayAHTopmi HOMep 
5. The second year students are in 
room No. 5. 

<> BbiTb B Kypce. To be in the 
know. 

KYClOK m., gen. -Ka piece 

Bo Jib mo H KycoK cwpa. A large 
piece of cheese. KycoK xjie6a. Apiece 
of bread. KycoK caxapa. A lump 
of sugar. 

KYCT m., gen. -a bush 

IIpHTaTbCH B KycTax. To hide in 
the bushes. 

KYXIHfl /., gen. pi. -oHb kitchen 
FoTOBHTb o6eA sa Kyxne. To cook 
dinner in the kitchen. 

KymA|Tb, -K> (1st pers. rarely used), 
-erab, -IOT imp, HTO? / p. noKy- 
ma|Tb, -K), -einb, -IOT to eat 
KymaHTe, nojKajiyiicTa. Help your- 
self. 



JI, Ji 

JlATEP|b m., pi. -H camp 

IlHOHepcKHH jiarepfc. A Young Pio- 
neers' camp. TypncTHHecKHH Jia- 
repb. A tourist camp. 

JIAflHO particle colloq. all right 

MM ceroAHH noHAeM B KHHO? 
JlaAHO. "Shall we go to the pictures 
today?" "All right" 



JIAM 



61 



JIEC 



JlAMHA /. lamp; light 

SjieKTpjfaecKaH JiaMna. An electric 
lamp. HacxoJibHaH JiaMna. A desk 
lamp. JiaMna B 40 Baxx. A 40-watt 
lamp. JiaMna na 127 BOJibx. A 
127 -volt bulb. 

JIACKOB|blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short 
form JiacKOB, -a, -o, -H; adv. jiac- 
KOBO 

1. affectionate, kind. JlacKOBan 
Maxb. An affectionate mother. 
JIacKOBHH BarjiHA- A kind look. 
JIacKOBoe Jinno. A kind face. 
JIacKOBO yjibi6axbCH. To smile 
affectionately. 

2. fig. gentle. JlacKOBuii Bexep. 
A gentle wind. JIacKOBoe COJTH- 
He. A caressing sun. 

<> JIacKOBoe CJIOBO, ITO BecenmiH 

ACHb (proverb). An endearing word 

is like a spring day. 
.lEBjblil, -an, -oe, -tie left 

JlesaH pyKa. The left hand (arm). 

Jlesan nora. The left foot (leg). 

MOH AOM Ha JIBBOH cxopone yjinnbi. 

My house is on the left side of the 

street. 
JIEFKIHH, -aa, -oe, -lie [-XK-], short 

form jieroK, JierK|a, -6, -H; adv. 

Jierno; comp. Jier^e 

1. light. Jlernan cyMKa. A light bag. 

2. easy. JlernaH pa6dxa. Easy 
work. JlerKan sa^ana. An easy 
task. 3xy aaflany H JierKo pe- 
UIHJI. / solved that task easily. 

3. slight. JlerKHH Mopos. A slight 
frost. 

4. easy. JlerKHH xapanxep. An easy 
temper. 

<> JlerKan npOMbiinjieHHOCTb. Light 
industry. JlerKaa Myui.iKa. Light 
music, y nero JierKo na Jiyiiie 
(predic. impers.). He feels light- 
hearted. 
JIErKOMb'ICJIEHHIWfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. light-headed. JlerKOMLicjieHHbiH 
HCJioBeK. A light-headed person. 

2. light-headed. JlerKOMbicjieHHbiH 
nocxynoK. A light-headed action. 

JIEJJ m., gen. Jib^a ice 

XopoiHHH Jie',0; Ha KaTKe. Good ice 

on the skating-rink. BaJieT na Jib^y. 

Ice-ballet. 
JIE^HH|OH, -an, -6e, -Me 

1. ice. Jle^HHan aopoJKKa. An ice 
track. 



2. fig. icy. JleAHHOH BSFJIH/I;. An 

icy look. OH CKaaaJi axo Jieflfl- 

HMM TOHOM. He said that icily. 

JIE5K|ATb 5 -y, -Hrab, -ax imp. 

1. to lie, to be. Jlewaxb na 
To lie on a divan. KHHFH 

na CTOJie. The books are on the 
table. 

2. to lie, to be ill. JlemaTb B no- 
CTeJiH. To lie in bed. MOH TOBa- 
pHm. y>Ke 2 Mecaija JIOKHT B SoJib- 
HHue. My friend has already 
been in hospital for two months. 

<> y nero cepmte He JieJKHT K 
axofi paSoxe. He has a distaste for 
this work. 

JIE3|TB, -y, -emb, -yx, past Jiea, -Jia, 
-^:o, -JIH imp. Kyjja? 

1. to climb. JleaTb na AepeBo. To 
climb a tree. Jlesxr. Ha ropy. To 
climb a mountain. 

2. to get. Jleaxb B BO Ay. To get 
into the water. 

3.: JlesTb B KapMan. To put one's 

hand into one's pocket. 
<> Jleaxb He B CBOC* A^JIO (colloq.). 
Cf. To poke one's note into other 
people's affairs. He jieaxb sa CJIG- 
BOM B KapMan. To have a ready 
tongue. 
JIEKAPCTBO neut. medicine 

FopbKoe JieKapcTBo. A bitter medi- 
cine. ITpHHHMaTb JICKapCTBO. To 

take medicine. JieKapcTBo OT Ka- 
nijia. Cough medicine. 

JIEKI^HH /. lecture 

HHTepecnan JiennHH. An interesting 
lecture. JleKUHH no MaxeMaTHKe. 
A lecture on mathematics. ^Hxaxb 
(cJiymaxb) JieKiiiHH. To deliver (to 
listen to) lectures. Ha JieKijHH SbiJio 
MHoro Hap6a. There were many 
people at the lecture. 

JIEHHB|blfl, -aH, -oe, -bie, short form 
jieHHB, -a, -o, -H; adv. JICHHBO lazy 
JlemiBbiii cxyAeHx. A lazy student. 
JleHHBo pa66xaxb. To work lazily. 

JIEHTA /. ribbon 

ToJiy6aH Jienxa. A pale blue ribbon. 

JIEC m., prepos. o Jiece & B Jiecy; pi. 
jieca wood, forest 

TycxoH Jiec. A dense forest. Mbi 
AOJiro ryjiHJiH no oceHHCMy Jiecy. 
We walked in the autumn forest 
for a long time. Ha TeppnxopHH 

CCGP eCXb H JIHCXBCHHbie H XBOHHblC 



JIEC 



62 



JIHIJ 



jieca. There are deciduous and 
coniferous forests on the territory of 
the USSR. 
JIECTHHIJA /. staircase 

niapoKaH JiecxHHna. A broad stair- 
case. HOflHHXbCH HO JieCTHHIje. To 

go up the stairs. 3xa JiecxHHna 
se^eT na BxopOH axajK. This stair- 
case leads to the first floor. 
JIETA|Tb, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. to fly 
nxihjbi JiexatoT. Birds fly. CaMOJie- 

TBI H3 MOCKBM JlCXaiOX B JleHHHrpafl 

KajKfltiH ftCHb. Planes fly from Mos- 
cow to Leningrad every day. 
JIE|TTb, -ny, -Tiirab, -xex imp. to 

fly 

1. to fly. 3XOX CaMOJieX JieXHX B 

MocKBy. That plane is flying to 

MOSCOW. IITHH.LI JieXHX H3 JOT. 

The birds are flying to the south. 

2. fig. to fly. Bwcxpo JICXHX Bpe- 
MH. Time flies. 

JIETH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He 

1. summer. JlexHHH #eHb. A sum- 
mer day. 

2. summer. Jlexnee njiaxbe, najib- 
xo. A summer dress, overcoat. 

3. summer. JlexHne KamiKyjibi. 
Summer holidays. 

JIETO neut., no pi. summer 

H\apKoe cyxoe Jiexo. A dry hot 
summer. IIpOBecxH JICTO na Mope, 
na ^aHe. To spend the summer at 
the seaside, in the country. 

JIETOM adv. in summer 

JlexoM H ox^bixaio Ha Mope. In 
summer I rest at the seaside. 

JIETHHK m. flyer 

O noABnre Jiex^HKa Mapecbesa 
3Haex secb MHp. The whole world 
knows about the flyer Alaresyev's 
feat. 

JIE^flTb, Jie^y, jie^nmb, Jie^ax imp. 
Kor6? HTO? ox Her 6? ne M?/ 
p. BHJieHjHXb, -y, iiinb, -ax to 
treat 

Bpan JieHHx 6oJibHoro ox rpiinna. 
The doctor is treating the patient for 
the 'flu. 

JIEHb see JICWKflTbCH 

JIH particle whether 

He xoxHxe JIH BU HOHXH B xeaxp? 
Don't you want to go to the theatre? 
Ecxb JIH y sac axa KHiira? Have 
you got that book? OH cnpoccrji, (ne) 
y JIH a ceroflHH B 6H6jiHoxeKy. 



He asked whether I should go to 
the library today. 
JIHH|flKA /., gen. pi. -eK 

1. ruler. 

2. line. Texpaflb B jiHHCHKy. A 
ruled copy-book. 

JIflHHH /. 

1. line. IIpHMaH JIHHHH. A straight 
line. KPHB&H JIHHHH. A curved 
line. ITapaJiJiejibHtie JIIIHIIII. 
Parallel lines. 

2. fig. policy. Jlimna napxHH. The 
policy of a party. 

JIHCT 1 m., pi. jiHcxbH, Jiiicxbes leaf 
Ocennne JiHcxbH. Autumn leaves. 
JlacxbH B ca^y noJKeJixeJin. The 
leaves in the garden have turned 
yellow. 

JIHCT 2 m., pi. JIHCXM, JIHCXOB sheet 
Jlncx 6yMarn. A sheet of paper. 
Jlncx JKCJieaa. A sheet of iron. 

JIHTEeAT^PA /. 

1. literature. CoBexcKaa Jinxepaxy- 
pa. Soviet literature. Apa6cKan 
jiHxepaxypa. Arabic literature. 
Hayn^ixb Jinxepaxypy. To study 
literature. 

2. literature. Jlnxepaxypa no axoMy 
Bonpocy. The literature on this 
subject. 

JIHTEPAT#PH|blft, -an, -oe, -bie liter- 
ary 

JlnxepaxypHbiH HSHK. The literary 
language'. Jlnxepax^pnoe nponsBe- 
fl;eHHe. A work of literature. Jlnxe- 
paxypnbiH Kpy^toK. A literary so- 
ciety. 

JIHTb, Jib|K>, -emb, -iox; imper. JICH! 
Jienxe! imp. HXO? to pour 
Jlnxb BoAy B cxanaH. To pour water 
into the glass. 

<> /JojKAfc Jiber KaK H3 ne^pa. It 
is raining cats and dogs. 

JIHIJO neut., pi. Jii'ma face 

1. face. BjieAHoe Jinno. A pale 
face. PyMHHoe Jinno.^ A rosy 
face. IIo ee Jinny xenyx cJieau. 
Tears are streaming down her 
cheeks. 

2. face. OH CXOHJI JIHUOM K OKHy. 
He stood with his face turned to 
the window. 

<0" FOBOpHTb B JIHUO HTO-JlHSo KO- 

My-JiH6o. To say something to 
somebody's face. BwcTynarb or 
jraija Koro-jiH6o. To speak on 



JIHH 



63 



JIV1 



somebody's behalf. Ha HCM JIH- 
ua nex! He looks awful! 
JlOTli|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He personal, 
private 

Jlirman c66cxBeHHocxb. Personal 
property. JlniHoe AeJio. One's pri- 
vate business. 
JIflfflfl|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 

1. extra, spare. Hex JIH y Bac 
jinnraero 6HJiexa? Have you got 
a spare ticket? 

2. unnecessary. 3xn Bemn JiunraHe, 
a He B03bMy HX c co6oH. These 
things are unnecessary; I won't 
take them with me. 

JIOB m., gen. Ji6a forehead 

BHCOKHH Jio6. A high forehead. 

HWSKHH Jio6. A low forehead. 
JIOBflTb, JIOBJIK), jioBHmb, JIOBHT 

imp. K o r 6? H x o? ^eM?//>. HOH- 

Ma|xb, -lo, -emb, -IOT 

1. to catch. IIoHMaxb M*n. To catch 
the ball. 

2. to catch. JIoBHTb pti6y cexbio, 
y.HOHKOH. To catch fish with a 
net, fishing-rod. JIoBHXb HXHU;. 
To catch birds. 

3. fig. to catch, to devour. Jlosiixb 
BarJiHA. To catch somebody's eye. 
JIoBHXb CJIOBSL To devour every 
word. 

C> JIoBHTb na CJIOB6. To take some- 
body at his word. OH nofiMaji ce6H 
HH MbJCJiH, ^TO ayinaeT o nefi. He 
caught himself thinking about 
her. 

JIOBK|HH, -an, -oe, -ne, short form 
JIOBOK, JioBKa, JIOBK|O, -H; adv. JIOB- 
KO 

1. agile. JIoBKHH cnopxcMen. An 
agile sportsman. 

2. adroit. JIOBKHH nptijKOK. An 
adroit jump. MaJibHHK JIOBKO 
BJies na flepeBo. The boy climbed 
the tree adroitly. 

JIOA|KA /., gen. pi. -OK boat 

B JiOflKe 6BIJIO xpn HeJiOBeKa. There 
were three people in the boat. Ka- 
xaxbCH na JIOAKC. To go boating. 

JIO5K|flTbCH, -ycb, -HnibCH, -axcn 
imp. KyAa?//?. Jie^b, Jin|ry, 
->Kenib, -ryx, past Jier, Jierji|a, -6, 
-M; imper. jiar! JiHrxe! to lie 
fl Jier Ha flHBaH. / lay down on the 
divan. H pano Jiowycb cnaxb. / go 
to bed early. 



JIO3K|KA /., gen. pi. -CK spoon 

GxoJioBbie H ^anuHe JIOHSKH. Ta- 
blespoons and teaspoons. EpHHHMaxb 
jieKapcxBo no CXOJIOBOH Ji6)KKe xpn 
pasa B AeHb. To take a tablespoon 
of medicine three times a day. 

JIOMA|Tb,-io, -erab, -K)x imp. HTO?/ 
p. cjioMa|xb, -lo, -erab, -iox 

1. to break. CjioMaxb naJiKy. To 
break a stick. Pe6eHOK JioMaex 
HrpyraKH. The child breaks its 
toys. 

2. fig.: OH floJiro JiOMaJi rojiosy 
HaA xpy^HOH aaAaHen. He cudg- 
elled his brains over the diffi- 
cult problem for a long time. 

JIOMA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. / 
p. cjiOMa|xbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH to 
break 

Men JiOMaexcH. The chalk crum- 
bles. Eepo cJioMaJiocb. The nib has 
broken. 

JlOniA/Jb /., gen. pi. JiomaAeH, instr. 

horse 

Jiornaflb. A draught horse. 
Ha JiomaflH. To ride a 
horse . 

JIYK m., no pi. onion(s) 

SeJieHHH JiyK. Spring onions. MH- 
co c JIVKOM. Meat with onions. 

JIYHA /. moon 

Ha He6e no^HHJiacb MOJio^an Jiyna. 
A new moon rose in the sky. Co- 
sexcKiie yqe'Hbie c^oxorpa^MpOBaJiH 
oSpaxHyio cxopony JlyHti. Soviet 
scientists photographed the reverse 
side of the Moon. 

JIYH m., gen. -a ray, beam 
JTy^n cojiHua. Sunbeams. 

JI^HfflE 

1. com/?, of adj. xopumiiii better. 
TBOH pncynoK jiyqme, neM MOM. 
Your drawing is better than mine . 

2. comp. of adv. xopomo better. 
IlHraMxe jiynnie! Write more 
carefully/ 

predic. impers. BoJibHOMy cxaJio 
Jiynme. The sick man felt better. 

3. particle rather. Mne He xo^excn 
H,O;XH B xeaxp, noH^eM Jiynme 
B KHHO. / don't want to go to 
the theatre, let's rather go to the 
cinema. 



JIYH 



64 



MAJI 



<> Cxapbiii apyr Jiymne HOBMX 

ABVX (proverb). An old friend 
is better than two new ones. 



noaano, 

Better late than never. Jlyime 
Bcero. Best of all. KaK MO/KHO 
Jiyime. As best as one can. 

-aa, -ee, -He superl. of 
xopomiiii the best 
3xo Jiyninee 3Aanne B ropOAe. This 
is the best building in the city. 
3xo Jiy^fflHii cxyAeHx Ha men rpyn- 
nbi. He is the best student in our 
group. 3xa KHiira Jiyqmee npona- 
BeAeHHe axoro nncaxejiH. This book 
is the best work of this writer. 

pi., sing. Jibraw skis 
CJiOMaxb JibiJKH. To break one's skis. 
OHM JiioSnx XOAIITB Ha JibiJKax. 
They like to go skiing. KajKAoe 
BocnpeceHbe MM KaxaeMca Ha JIBI- 
H<ax. Every Sunday we go skiing. 
JIK)EHM|blH, -an, -oe, -bie 

1. beloved, favourite. JIio6HMafl ne- 
ByHiKa. One's beloved girl. JIio- 
OMMHH CHH. One's favourite son. 

2. beloved, favourite. 

. One's beloved city. 
nncaxejib. One's favourite 
writer. JIio6HMaH KHiira. One's 
favourite book. JIioSiTMoe 
One's favourite dish. 
JIIOBHTb, Jiio6jii6, Jii66Hinb, 

imp. K o r 6? q T o? or -\- inf. / 
p. nojiK6HTb, nojiroSjiK), noJuoSnuib, 

nOJIIOOHT 

1. to love. JIio5HTb poAiiny. To 
love one's country. JIioSnTb Maib. 
To love one's mother. IlojiK)6iixb 
AeBynmy. To fall in love with a 
girl. JlioSrixb Jinxepaxypy, pa66- 
xy. To love literature, work. 

2. to like. H JiioSjiio nrpaxb na 
pOHJie. / like to play the piano. 

JIK)B|OBATBCH, -yrocb, -yenibCH, 
-yroxcH imp. K e M? H e M? / p. no- 
Jiio6|oBaxbCH, -yiocb, -yeuibcn, 
-yioxcn to admire 

JlK)6oBaXbCH BOCXOAOM COJIHIja. To 

admire the sunrise. JIio6oBaxbCH 
peSeHKOM. To admire a child. 
JIIOBGBb /., gen. jiio6BH, instr. JIK>- 

6oBbK) K KOMy? K H6My? love 

JTepBan JiK)6oBb. One's first love. 
GqacxJiHBaH jiio66Bb. A happy love. 
Heciacxnafl JiroSoBb. An unhappy 



love. JIioSoBb K pOAHHe, K JIIOAHM, 
K ABXHM, K pa66xe, K Hayne. Love of 
one's country, of people, of children, 
of work, of science. OH c jnoSoBbio 
CACJiaJi 3xy Ben;b. He made this 
thing with enthusiasm. 
JIK)E|Ofi, -an, -6e, -we 

1. any. IIpHxoAHxe KO MHC B jiio- 
66e BpeMH. Come to see me at 
any time. OH 6biJi TOXOB BbinoJi- 
HflXb Jiio6yio pa66xy. He was 
ready to do any work. 

2. used as n. anyone. JTroSoH BaM 
CKaJKex, TAC HaxdAHxcH Mexpo. 
Anyone will tell you where the 
underground station is. 

JIK)BOnb'ITH|Wfl, -aa, -oe, -tie 

1. curious. JIio6onbixHbiM neJiofieK. 
A curious person. 

2. fig. inquisitive. JIio6onbixHbiH 
B3FJIHA. An inquisitive eye. 

pi., gen., ace. JIIOA^H, dat. 
JIIOAHM, instr. jiiOAtMH, prepos. o 
JIIOAHX; sing. nejioBeK m. people 



M, M 

MArASHH m. shop 

IIpOAOBOJIbCXBeHHBIH 

food shop. KoHAMxepCKHH 

A confectionery. 

MaraaHH. A department store. Ky- 

niixb npOAynxbi B Maraairae. To 

buy foodstuffs at a shop. 
MAfl m. May 

Teruibiii Man. A warm May. H po- 

AHJICH B Mae. / was born in May. 
MAJI, -a, -6, -bi short adj. (cf. 

MAJlEHbKHfl) too small 

3XH 60XITHKH CXaJIH Majlbl MaJIb^H- 

Ky. These boots have become too 
small for the boy. 

MAJIEHbK|HH, -an, -oe, -ne, short 
form Maji, MaJia, MaJio, Majibi; comp. 
Menbuie (q. v.) 

1. small. MajieHbKan KOMHaxa. A 
small room. HeJioseK MajieHbKo- 
ro pocxa. A short man. 

2. little. MaJieHbKHe ACTH. Little 
children. Tbi eme Maji. You are 
too young yet. 

MAJIO adv., comp. MeHbme (q. v.) little 
OH MaJio roBopHT, HO MHOFO e- 
Jiaex. He says little, but he does a 
lot. OH eJi Majio Maca. He ate little 



MAJI 



MEfl 



meat. Ha cxenax BHceno MBJIO 
Kapxim. There were few pictures on 
the walls. 

MAJIbHHK m. boy 

BocnnxaHHbiH MajibHHK. A well- 
bred boy. MaJib^HK CGMH Jiex. A 
seven-year-old boy. 

MAMA /. mummy 

MAP|KA /., gen. pi. -OK postage 
stamp 

HoHTosaH Mapna. A postage stamp. 
KoJiJieKijHfl MapoK. A collection of 
stamps. HaKJienxb MapKy. To stick 
a stamp. 

MAPT m. March 

B Mapxe naiHHaex xaaxb cner. In 
March the snow begins to thaw. 

MACJIO neut., no pi. 

1. butter. CJiHBo^Hoe MSLCJIO. But- 
ter. Xne6 c MacJiOM. Bread and 
butter. 

2. oil. HoacoJiHe^Hoe MacJio. Sun- 
flower-seed oil. 

MACTEP m., pi. -a 

1.: HacoBOH Macxep. A watchmaker. 

2.: TypreneB aaMeHaxeJibHbiH 
Macxep nensajKa. Turgenev is 
extremely skilful in portraying 
nature. 

3. foreman. Macxep B nexe. The 
foreman in a shop. 

4. master. Macxep cnopxa. A mas- 
ter of sport. 

<> Macxep na see pyKH. Jack-of- 
all-trades. 
MACTEPCK|AH /., gen. -OH 

1. repair sbop. Macxepcnaa no pe- 
MOHxy nacoB. A watch repair 
shop. Pa66xaxB B MexamiHecKOH 
MacxepCKon. To work at a ma- 
chine shop. 

2. studio. MacxepCKan xyAOJKHima. 
An artist's studio. 

MATEMATHKA /., no pi. mathemat- 
ics 

BticmaH MaxeMaxHKa. Higher mathe- 
matics. 3K3aMCH no MaxeMaxuKe. 
An examination in mathematics. 
Hayqaxb MaxeMaxHKy. To study 
mathematics. 
MATEPHAJI m. 

1. material. MaxepnaJi JIH nnccep- 

xan;HH. Material for one's thesis. 

Go6npaxb Maxepnajibi o JKHSHH 

H3B6CXHOrO HHCaXCJIH. To COl- 

54002 



lect material on the life of a 
well-known writer. 

2. material. Maxepnaji na KOCXIOM. 
Material for a suit. IQeJiKOBLiH 
Maxepnaji. Silk material. 
MATPOC m. deckhand, sailor, seaman 
Maxpoc. A brave seaman. 
MaxpocoM na K0pa6jie. 
To serve as a deckhand on a ship. 
MATb /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn, 
instr. Maxepbro; pi. Maxepn, \taxe- 
pen, etc. mother 

JIio6HMaH Maxb. One's beloved moth- 
er. V Maxepn ^Boe ffexen. The 
mother has two children. 
<>^P6flHHa-MaTb. Mother country. 
MAXATb, Mamy, Mamemb, Mamyx or 
colloq. Maxalro, -enib, -lox imp. K o- 
M y? q e M?/p. MaxH|yxb, -y, -emb, 
-yx to Wave, to flap 
Maxaxb njiaxnoM na npomanbe. 
To wave good-bye with one's handker- 
chief. Maxaxb pyKoti xoBapnni;y. 
To wave one's hand to a friend. 
Ilxi'ma Mamex KpwJibHMH. The bird 
is flapping its wings. 
MAXHYTb see MAXATb 
MAmflHA /. 

1. machine, engine. EapoBan Ma- 
mHHa. A steam engine. GejibCKO- 
xo3flHcxBeiraafl Mami'ma. An 
agricultural machine. ElBeHnafl 
MamHHa. A sewing machine. 

2. motor-car. JlerKOBan Mamima. 
A passenger-car. FpyaoBan Ma- 
mHHa. A lorry. Exaxb na Mamii- 
ne. To ride in a car. 

MEBEJIb /., no pi. furniture 

MnrKan MeSeJib. Upholstered furni- 
ture. Kymixb nofiyio MeSeJib. To 
buy new furniture. 

ME^AJIb /. medal 

HarpajKjjaxb Me^aJibio. To award a 
medal. OKonnnxb mnoJiy c SOJIQ- 
TOH Me^aJibro. To get a gold medal 
on leaving school. GnopxcMen 
sasoeBaJi Me^aJib. The sportsman 
won a medal. 

MEftBEJJb m . bear 

BeJibiH Me^BeAb. A polar bear. 

MEJJHIJfiHA /., no pi. medicine 
(science) 

CKlHfl, -an, -oe, -He med- 
ical 

MeAHijHHCKHH HHCXHxyx. A medi- 
cal institute. 



66 



MEP 



MEAJIEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. 
MCAJieHHO slow 

MeAJieHHbiii BajibC. A slow waltz. 
FoBOpHXb MeAJieHHO. To speak slow- 
ly. Pa66xaxb MeAJieHHO. To work 
slowly. 

MEJKfly prep. -f instr. between 

MeJKAy nraa(oM H micbMemibiM 
CTOJIOM CXOHJIO KpecJio. There was 
an armchair between the bookcase 
and the desk. 3xo nponaomJio 
Me?KAy 1942 H 1945 TOAOM. That 
happened between 1942 and 1945. 
fta 3ApaBcxByex Map H py?K6a 
M&KAy HapoAaMHl Long live peace 
and friendship between peoples! 
<> MeJKAy npoiHM. By the way. 
MejKAY naMii. Between ourselves. 
MeJKfly iiaMii roBopa. Strictly be- 
tween you and me. 

ME3KflyHAP0,HH|bIfl, _ aH _ oe> _ He 
international 

MejKAyHapoAHbie oxHomeHHH. Inter- 
national relations. MejKAynapoAHafl 
oScxanoBKa. The international situ- 
ation. 

MEJIK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. MeJiKo; 
comp. MeJib^e 

1. small. MeJiKan pbi6a. Small 
fish. 

2. small. MeJmaH Monexa. Small 
change. 

3. flat. MeJiKaa TapeJiKa. A flat 
plate. 

4. petty. MeJiKaa 6yp>Kya3HH. Petty 
bourgeoisie. 

5. narrow. MBJIKHC HHTepecti. Nar- 
row interests. 

6. shallow. 3Aecb MCJIKO. It's 
shallow here. 

MEJIOHlb /., gen. pi. -en 

1. no pi. change. B Maraawne MHC 
AaJiH CAa x iy MeJio^ibio. They gave 
me the change in small coins in the 
shop. 

2. trifle. OH 3aHHMaexcH KaKHMH- 
TO MeJiO'iaMii. He is busy with 
some trifles. MeJionn JKHSHH. 
The trifles of life. 3io MeJio^H. 
These are trifles. 

MEHEE adv. less 

KaxaibCH na Jiwwax ne Menee HH- 

TepecHo, H6M KaxaibCH na KOHbKax. 

Skiing is no less interesting than 

skating. 

<> TCM He Menee. Nevertheless. 



MEHblHE 

1. comp. of adj. Ma.iciii.icnii small- 
er. TBOH KOMHaxa MeHbme MOCH. 
Your room is smaller than 
mine. 

2. comp. of adv. Ma.io less. Tw aa- 
HiiMaembcH MeHbnie, HCM naAO. 
You spend less time on your 
studies than you ought to. 

MEHbfflHHCTBO neut. minority 
BojibniHHCxBo na coSpannH TOJIO- 
coBajio sa, MCHbrnHHCXBo npo- 
XHB. The majority at the meeting 
voted for, and the minority voted 
against. 

MEHHlTbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOXCH 
imp. 

1. 1 I6M? C K e M? p. o6M6Hfl|XbCH, 

-rocb, -embCH, -IOXCH to exchange. 
MeenxbCH MapKaMH c xosa- 
pHin;eM. To exchange postage 
stamps with a friend. 06MCHHXb- 
jpH MH6HHHMH. To exchange opin- 
ions. 

2. p. H3M6HHXbCH, H3MeHK)Cb, H3M6- 

HHmbCH, H3M6UHXCH to change. 
IIoroAa MenaexcH. The weather 
is changing. HacxpoeHne Me- 
HHCXCH. The mood is changing. 
IToroAa pe3KO H3Menwjiacb. The 
weather has changed sharply. 
MEP A /. 

1. measure. Mepw RJIHUU. Measures 
of length. Mepu Beca. Measures 
of weight. 

2. usu. pi. measures. PennixeJibHtie 
MepH. Decisive measures. IlpH- 
HHXb Mepu. To take measures. 9xa 
Mepa He uoMorJia. This measure 
didn't help. 

<> 3xo HeimxepecHO, HO no Kpaii- 
neii Mepe nojieano. This is not 
interesting but at least it is 
useful. 

MEP3H|yTb, -y, -einb, -yx, past Mep3, 
-Jia, -JIG, -JIH imp. I p. 3aMep3H|yxb, 
-y, -emb, -yx, past saMeps, -Jia, 
-JIG, -JIH to freeze 

y MCHH saMepsJiH pyKH. My hands 
are frozen. SHMOH H BcerAa Mepa- 
Hy. / always feel cold in winter. 
MEPjHTb, -H), -Hmb, -HX imp. q x o?/ 
p. noMeplnxb, -K), -nmb, -HX (or 
npHMepnxb) to try on 
Mepnxb KOCXIOM. To try on a suit. 
IToMepHxb xy<$JiH. To try on shoes. 



MEP 



67 



MEUI 



MEPTB|bIII> -an, -oe, -He dead 

MepxBoe xeJio. A dead body. 

<> MepTsafl THranna. Dead silence. 

Cnaxb MepTBbiM CHOM. To sleep 

like a log. 
MECTH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He local 

MecxHHe oSbiHan. Local customs. 

MCCTHHC JKHXCJIH HOKasaJIH XypITC- 

xaM ftopory. The local inhabitants 
showed the tourists the way. 
MECT|0 neut., pi. -a, Mecx, -aM, etc. 

1. seat. 3xo MCCTO cBo66ffno? 
7s this seat vacant? 3xo MCCXO 

. This seat is taken. Vcxy- 
MGCXO ?KeHin,HHe. To offer 
one's seat to a woman. Bcxaxb c 
Mecxa. To stand up. 

2. place, spot. JKHBonHcnoe Mecxo. 
A picturesque spot. 

<> 3-ro ero Gojibnoe MGCTO. This 
is his sore spot. 

MECHU; m. month 

SHMHHC MecHnH. Winter months. 
5 MecHijeB naaaA. 5 months ago. 
B KaKOM Mecane BH pofliuiiicb? In 
which month were you born? 

METAJIJI m. metal 

MexajuiH. Ferrous metals. 
MexaJiJiH. Non-ferrous 
metals. 

METAJlJIfiHECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne 
metal 

METAJIJiyprflHECK|Hn, -an,-oe,-He 
metallurgical 

MexaJiJiyprHHecKHH aaBo^. A metal- 
lurgical plant. MexaJiJiypnfaecKan 
npOMHmJieHHOCxb. The metallurgi- 
cal industry. 

m. method 

eKXHHecKHH MexoA. The dia- 
lectical method. IIpaBHJibHHH Mexo^. 
The correct method. EpHMeHHXb HO- 
BHC Mexo^H. To use new methods. 
IIoJibaoBaxbCH MCXOAOM. To employ 
a method. 

METP m. metre 

Mexp. A square metre. 
Mexp. A cubic metre. 
5 MexpOB MaxepnaJia. 5 metres of 
material. 

METPO neut., indecl. underground rail- 
way 

CxannHH Mexpo. An underground 
station. Exaxb na Mexpo. To go by 
the underground. KaK npoaxa K 

5* 



Mexpo? What's the way to the 
underground station? 
MEX m., prepos. o Mexe & na Mexy; 
pi. -a fur 

JlHCHH M6X. FOX fur. IlyniHCXHH 

Mex. Soft fur. 

MEXAHHSAI^HH /., no pi. mechani- 
sation 

MexamisaijHfl xpyn;a. The mechani- 
sation of labour. MexairaaaijHH npo- 
n;eccoB npoH3B6flCXBa. The mechani- 
sation of the production processes 

MEXAHH3flP|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, 
-yiox imp. & p. HXO? to mechanise 
MexaHHSHpOBaxb xpyA. To mecha- 
nise labour. MexaHHSHposaxb ceJib- 
CKoe X03HHCXBO. To mechanise ag- 
riculture. 

MEXAHHK m. mechanic 

B nexe pa66xaji cxapHH MexannK. 
An old mechanic worked in the shop. 

JleXHHK O^eHb ApyjKHJI CO CBOHM 

MexaHHKOM. The flyer was on very 
friendly terms with his mechanic. 
MEXAHfi^ECKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne 

1. of mechanics. MexaHifaecKHe sa- 
KOHBI. Laws of mechanics. 

2. mechanics. MexaHMnecKiiii $a- 
Kyjibxex. The mechanics depart- 
ment. 

3. mechanical. MexaHHiecKaa cwJia. 
Mechanical strength. 

MEXOB|Ofl, -an, -6e, -ne fur 

MexoBoe naJibxo. A fur coat. Mexo- 
Ban manna. A fur cap. 

ME^TA /., gen. pi. not used dream 
Menxbi o 6yAym;eM. Dreams of the 
future. MeHXH o c^acxbe. Dreams 
of happiness. Menxa seen JKHSHH. 
The dream of one's whole life. 
OcymecxBiixb CBOIO Me x ixy. To ac- 
complish one's dream. Me^XH c6n- 
Jiricb. One's dreams have come true. 

MEHTA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. o 
ROM? o H e M? to dream 
Menxaxb o c^acxbe. To dream of 
happiness. Menxaxb o nyxemecx- 
BHHX. To dream about travelling. 

MEHIA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. K o- 
M y? H e M y? -f- inf. / p. noMema|xb, 
-K), -emb, -IQX to prevent, to hinder 
Pa^HO Memajio cxy^enxy sanHMaxb- 
CH. The radio prevented the student 
from studying. 

MEIE|OK m., gen. -Ka sack 

MemoK MyKif. A sack of flour. 



Mil. "I 



68 



MHO 



<> KyuHTb Koxa B MGIUKC (prov- 
erb). Gf. To buy a pig in a poke. 
MHJIMIJHOHEP m. militiaman 

06paTHTbCH K MHJIHH.HOHepy. To 

ask a militiaman. 
MfL T I|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 

MHJI, MHJia, MHJl|0, -bl niCG 

MriJian fleByinKa. A nice girl. Mii- 
Jioe JiHH.6. A nice face. 
O C Mii.ibiM paii H B majiame 
(proverb). Gf. Love in a cottage. 
MflMO 

1. adv. by. Upon MHMO. To pass by. 

2. prep. -f- gen. past. IIoesA npoexaJi 

MHMO CTannHH H HC OCTaHOBHJICH. 

The train went past the station 
without stopping. 

MHHHCTEPCTBO neut. ministry 

MHHHCTepCTBo (fttmancoB. The Min- 
istry of Finance. MnmicTepcTBO 
HHOCTpaHHbix fleji. The Ministry of 
Foreign Affairs. 

MHHHCTP m. minister 

BoeHHbiH MHHHCTP. The War Min- 
ister. MHHHCTP $HH&HCOB. The 
Minister for Finance. MHHHCTP 
BHcmero o6paaoBaHHfl. The Minis- 
ter of Higher Education. IIpeMbep- 
MHHHCTp. The Prime Minister. Co- 
BGT MHHHCTpOB. The Council of 
Ministers. HpeflceAaTejib coeeTa MH- 
HHCTPOB. The Chairman of the Coun- 
cil of Ministers. 

MHHS'TA /. minute 

HlecTLAecHT MHHVT. Sixty minutes. 
GeiiHac HeTtipe MHHyTti BTopoio. 
It is four minutes past one. Genqac 
6ea jjecHTii MHHyT ji,Ba. It is ten 
minutes to two. 

<> IIpuxo^HTe K Ham B CBoSoAnyio 
Menyxy. Come and see us any time 
you can. CHIO Mimyxy. Just a 
minute. 

MHP 1 m. 

1. no pi. universe. Teopua o npo- 
HCXOJKA6HHH Miipa. A theory on 
the origin of the universe. 

2. world. APY rHe Miipw. Other 
worlds. 

3. no pi. world. OH o6i>e3AHJi BCCB 
MHp. He travelled all over the 
world. EepBtiH B MHpe. The first 
in the world. Becb MHp. The 
whole world. 

MHP 2 m., no pi. peace 

Boima H MHp. War and peace. 



ATOM AJIH MHpa. Atom for peace. 
Mripy MHp! Peace to the world! 
SaKJiiOHHTb MHp. To conclude peace. 
IIOAHHcaTb MHP To sign a peace 
treaty. 
MfiPHblft, -an, -oe, -Lie adj. of MHP a 

1. peace. MnpHbie OTHomeHHH. Peace- 

ful relations. 

2. peace, peaceful. Mnpnoe BpeMH. 
Peace time. MnpHUH Tpy^. Peace- 
ful labour. Mupnoe CTpon- 
TejibCTBO. Peaceful construction. 

3.: MHPHLIH ^oroBop. A peace 
treaty. Mnpntie ueperoBopbi. 
Peace talks. 

MHPOB|Ofl, -an, -6e, -we adj. of 
MHP 1 

MHpOBafl BOHHa. World War. MH- 
poBQH PLIHOK. World market. MH- 
pOBaa cJiasa. World fame. IlHca- 
Tejib c MnpoBWM HMeHCM. A world- 
famous writer. 

MHPOJIIOBflBILIfl, -an, -oe, -He peace- 
ful* 

MnpojiiooHBafl nojiHTHKa. Peaceful 
policy. MnpoJiioGHBbie napoAH. Peace- 
loving nations. 

MflTHHr m. meeting, rally 

MWTHHF npOTecTa. A meeting of 
protest. MHTHHF B noAAep?KKy... A 
rally in support of... MHTHHF B sa- 
m,iiTy Koro/qero-JinSo. A meeting 
in defence of somebody /something. 
BwcTynHTb Ha MHTHHTC c pe^bio. 
To make a speech at a meeting. 

MJIAJUBIHtt, -an, ee, -ne younger 
MJia/tiUHH 6paT. A younger (the 
youngest) brother. Mjianmafl cecTpa. 
A younger sister. 

MHfiHHE neut. opinion 

GaMOCTOffTeJibHoe MH9HH6. An inde- 
pendent opinion, flo Moewy MHe 
HHK>. In my opinion. BbiCKaaaTb 
MH6HH6. To give an opinion Paa- 
AejmTb Hbe-JiH6o MHenne. To share 
somebody's opinion. 06MeHflTbCH 
MHeHHHMH. To exchange opinions. 
BbiTb BLicoKoro (neBbicoKoro, xo- 
pomero, nJioxoro) MHennn o ^eJio- 
B^Ke (o KHHre). To think highly 
(not much, much, bad) of a man 
(of a book). 

MHOniE 

1. followed by n. in pi. many. Mnorne 

CTpaHbi. Many countries. 

2. used as n. many. Mfiorne aaHHMa- 



MHO 



69 



MOP 



IOTCH cnopxoM. Many people go in 
for sport. 
MHOrO adv., comp. GoJibme (q. v.) 

1. a lot. Mnoro pa66xaxb. To work 
a lot. 

2. many, much, a lot. Mnoro Jiro- 
ACH. Many people. MHOFO Aener. 
Much money. Mnoro fleJia A lot 
of things to do. Mnoro 

A lot of people. 
MHOrOE a lot 

Mne erne MHoroe Hafl;o 

I've still got a lot of things to do. 
MOrflJIA /. grave 
MOryH|Hfl, -an, -ee, -He mighty, 

powerful 

Moryqan crpana. A mighty country. 

Moryiafl peKa. A mighty river. 

Moryqan apMHfl. A mighty army. 

Mory^HH roJioc. A powerful voice. 
M05KET EblTb rnaybe, perhaps 

MoJKex 6bixb, H npneAy ceroAHH. 

/ may come today. MOJKBX 6bixb, STO 

H xaK. Perhaps, that is so. 
M03KHO K o M y? + inf. 

1. it is possible, can. 3xo MOJKHO 
CAeJiaxb 3a xpn AHH. This can be 
done in three days. 

2. may. MOJKHO B3HXb Kmiry? May 
I take the book? MOJKHO BOHTM? 
May I come in? BojibHOMy MOJK- 
HO ryjmxb xoJibKO Asa naca. The 
sick man is allowed to ivalk only 
two hours. 

M03F m., no pi. 

FOJIOBHOH Moar. The brain. Cnna- 

HOH M03r. The spinal cord. 
MOfl, MOH, MOB, MOii pron. my mine 

MOH AOM. My house. MOH ceMbfl. 

My family. Moe naJibio. My coat. 

Mow flpyabH. My friends. STO MOC. 

It's mine. 
MOKP|blfl, -an, -oe, tie, short form 

MOKP, Monpa, MOKp|o, -bi; adv. 

MOKpo wet 

MoKpan OACJKfla. Wet clothes. MOK- 

ptie KpbimH. Wet roofs. BbixepeTb 

MOKpue pyKH. To dry one's wet 

hands. / predic. impers. Ha yjinije 

MOKpo. It is wet outside. 
MOJIHHH /. lightning 

HpKan MOJIHHH. A bright lightning. 

CsepKHyjia MOJIHHH. Lightning 

flashed. MOJIHHH y^apiuia B ^OM. 

The house was struck by lightning. 



, -an, -oe, -bie youth 
Benep An evening- 
party for young people. MOJIOACJK- 
nan 6pHra,n;a. Youth team. 
MOJIO,H;E5Kb /., no pi. youth 
MOJIOfllEIJ, pi. -mi used as pred. 
fine boy/girl 

Ona y nac MOJiOAen;! She is a fine 
girl! 

MOJlpmOH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
MOJIOA, MOJio^a, MOJIOA|O, -H 

1. young. MOJIOAOH qejioseK. A 
young man. OH onenb MOJIOA. 
He is very young. 

2. young, new. MojiOAoe Aepeso. A 
young tree. MOJIOAOH Kapxo^ejib. 
New potatoes. 

MGJIOJJOCTb /., no pi. youth 

CnacTJiHBaH MOJiOAOCTb. A happy 
youth. B MOJIOAOCTH OH xopomo 
ne;i. He sang well in his youth. 

MOJIOKO neut., no pi. milk 

Cfie>Kee MOJIOKO. Fresh milk. KHHH- 
qenoe MOJIOKO. Boiled milk. Cry- 
meHHoe MOJIOKO. Condensed milk. 
K6(|)e c MOJIOKOM. Coffee and milk. 
Kama Ha MOJIOKO. Milk cereal pudd- 
ing. GTaKan MOJIOKSI. A glass of milk. 

MOJIOHHIblfl [-HIH-], -an, -oe, -bie 
milk 

MOJIO^HBIH cyn. Milk soup. MOJIOH- 
Han Kama. ^Milk cereal pudding. 
MojioiHbie npOAyKTbi.Z)air?/ produce. 

MOJl^A adv. in silence 

OH AOJiro MoJraa cMoxpeJi na nero. 
He looked at him for a long time 
in silence. 

MOJIHjATb, -y, -limb, -ax imp. to 
keep silent 

OH MOjnaji BCH) Aopory. He kept 
silent all the way. 

MOMEHT m. moment 

VAoSHbiH MOMeHX. A convenient 
moment. B BXOX MOMOHX. At that 
moment. 

MOHETA /. coin 

Sojioxaa Monexa. A gold coin. Gxa- 
pimnaH Monexa. An old coin. 
<>MejiKaa Monexa. Small change. 

MOP|E neut., pi. -H sea 

Exaxb MopeM. To go by sea. OXAW- 
xaxb na Mope. To rest at the sea- 
side, ^epnoe Mope. The Black Sea. 
CpeAHseMHoe Mope. The Mediter- 
ranean Sea. / fig. Mope rojios. A sea 
of heads. 



MOP 



70 



MblJI 



MOPG5KEHOE neut., no pi. ice-cream 
CJIHBOHHOC, moKOJiaftHoe, opexosoe, 
<J)pyKTOBoe MOpoJKenoe. Cream, 
chocolate, nut, fruit ice-cream. 

MOP63 m. frost 

BCK) 3HMy CTOHJIH CHJIbHbie M0p6- 

3M. There were severe frosts the 
whole winter. CeroflHH 10 rpa^ycoB 
M0po3a. It is 10 degrees below zero 
today. 
MOPCK|Oft, -an, -6e, -lie 

1. sea. MopcKaH Bo^a. Sea water. 
MopCKOH 6eper. Seashore. Mop- 
CKOH Bo3Ayx. Sea air. MopCKoii 
Bexep. Sea breeze. 

2. sea, marine. MopcKofi <|)JIOT. The 
Marine. MopCKoe nyieniecxBHe. 
A voyage. 

<> MopcKan 6ojie3Hb. Sea-sickness. 
MOPHK m., gen. -a sailor 

MOJIOAOH MOpflK. A young sailor. 
MOCT m., prepos. o Mocxe & Ha MOC- 

xy; pi. MOCTH bridge 

MOCT nepea peny. A bridge across 

a river. }Kejie3HOAOpo>KHbiH MOCT. 

A railway bridge. GTOHTB Ha MOCTV. 

To stand on the bridge. 
MOTOP m. engine 

MOTOP pa6oTaeT xopomo. The engine 

works well. 
MOTOIJflKJI m. motor-cycle 

ExaTb na MOTOijHKJie. To ride on 

a motor-cycle. 
MO^b, Mory, Mo>Kenib, MoryT, past 

MOT, -Jia, -Jio, -Jin, no imper.; imp. 

+ inf- 1 P- CMOHb, CMory, cMOJKenib, 

CMoryr, past cMor, -Jia, -Jio, -JIM 

1. to be able, can. Tw cMomemb 
npHHTH ceroAHfl KO MHO? Can 
you come and see me today? 

2. to be allowed, may. BojibHoii 
y}Ke MoweT xo^HTb. The patient 
is already allowed to walk. 

MOlHH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He powerful 
MomHbiH MOTop. A powerful engine. 
MomHaH ^eMOHCTpan;Hfl. A power- 
ful demonstration. 

MPAHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie gloomy 
MpaHHHH HCJioBeK. A gloomy man. 
Mpa^Hoe JiHn;6. A gloomy face. 
MpaiHoe HacTpoenne. A dismal 
mood. Mpa^Hbie MMCJIH. Sombre 
thoughts. 

, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
MyApa, My^plo, -H; adv. 
wise 



HCJiOBeK. A wise man. 
Mynpoe pem^HHe. A wise decision. 
OH nocTynHJi Mynpo. He acted 
wisely. 

., pi. My>KbfI, MyJK6H, My>KbHM 

husband 

BHHMaTejibHHH My>K. An attentive 
husband. 3a6oTJiHBbiH My>K. A solici- 
tous husband. JlK)6Hm.HH My?K. A 
loving husband. 

MS^KECTBEHHjblH, -an, -oe, -tie, 
short form MywecTBen, MywecTBeH- 
H|a, -o, -ti; adv. My>KecTB6HHO cou- 
rageous 

MyHtecTBeHHbiH neJiOBeK, A cou- 
rageous man. MyjKecTBeHHLiti nocTy- 
HOK. A courageous action. 

MY^KECTBO neut., no pi. courage 
IIpOHBHTb My;KecTBo. To show cour- 
age. llMOTb MyJKeCTBO rOBOpHTb 

npaBAY- To have the courage to 
speak the truth. 

MYHCCKlOfl, -an, -oe, -ne men's 
MyjKCKan OAeJKfla. Men's clothes. 
MyjKCKan 66yBb. Mens footwear. 

MYSK^flHA m. man 

IToTKHJioii MywHHHa. An elderly man. 

MY 3 EH m. museum 

OcMaTpiiBaTb Myaen. To see a mu- 
seum. 

M^SblKA /., no pi. music 

CHM^OHHHecKaH MysbiKa. Symphon- 
ic music. JlerKan MyabiKa. Light 
music. MyabiKa K KHHO^HJibMy. 
Music to a film. CoiHHHTb (HH- 
caTb) MysbiKy. To compose (write) 
music. 

My3bIKAJIbH|blH, -an, -oe, -tie, 
short form MyabiKaJien, MyabiKajib- 
H|a, -o, -bi 

1. music(al). MyatiKaJibHan mKOJia. 
A music school. MyabiKajibHbie 
HHCTpyweHTbi. Musical instru- 
ments. iMyawKaJibHbiH Beqep. A 
musical evening. 

2. musical. MyabiKaJibHbiH peSenoK. 
A musical child. 

MYXA /. fly 

M^IATbCH, -ycb, -HnibCH, -aTCH imp. 
to rush, to dash 

JIomaAb MiiiTCH. The horse is rush- 
ing, /fig. BpeMH MHHTCH. Time 
flies. 

Mbl pron., gen., ace. Hac, dat. Haw, 
instr. HaMH, prepos. o Hac we 

MlilJIO neut., no pi. soap 



MbIC 



71 



HAB 



MbIC Jib /. thought, idea 

MHxepecnaH MHCJIB. An interesting 
idea. FjiyGonaH MHCJIB. A profound 
thought. OpHrnHajibnaa Mbicjib. An 
original idea. Mne B roJioey npn- 
mna MbiCJib. An idea occurred to 
me. V Hero MejibKHyjia MBICJIB. An 
idea flashed across his mind. 

MblTb, MO|K), -emb, -IOT; imper. MOH! 
imp. K o r 6? H T o? H e M? / p. BH- 
MtiTb, BbiMO|io, -emb, -IOT to wash 
MblTb pyKH. To wash one's hands. 
MbiTb noji. To wash the floor. Mtixb 
pe6e'HKa XCHJIOH BOAOH. To wash a 
child with warm water. Mbixb nocy- 
jjy mexKOH. To wash the dishes 
with a brush. 

MttTbCH, Mo|iocb, -embCH, -IOTCH 

imp. I p. BMMblXbCH, BbIMO|K)Cb, -emb- 
CH, -IOTCH to wash 
Mbixbca B Banne. To have a bath. 
Mbixbca npfl AyineM. To take a 
shower. MbixbCH MHJIOM. To wash 
with soap. 

MtfrK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He [-XK-], short 
form MaroK, MarKa, MarK|o, -H; 
adv. MflrKo; comp. Marqe 

1. soft. MarKan no^ymKa. A soft 
pillow. MarKHe BOJIOCH. Soft hair. 
MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread. \ 
predic. imper s. Ha AHBane 6buio 
MflrKO cnaTb. The divan was soft 
to sleep on. 

2. fig. mild. MarKHH KJiHMax. A mild 
climate. MarKHH xapaKiep. A 
mild temper. 

<> MarKaa Meoe.ib. Soft (uphol- 
stered) furniture. MnrKiiii Baron. 
A soft-seated railway carriage. 

MHCH|Ofl, -an, -6e, -bie meat 

MncHbie npoflyKTbi. Meat products. 
MHCHOH cyn. Meat soup. 

M#CO neut. t no pi. meat 

IlHpojKKH c MacoM. Meat pies. 

MHH m., gen. -a ball 

(DyiSdjibEHH MHH. A football. Bo- 
JieH66JibHbiH Maq. A volleyball. 

H, H 

HA prep. 

I. -f- prepos. 
1. Qn 

JiejKaib Ha CTOJIG to lie (to be) on 
the table; BHcexb na cxeHe to hang 
on the wall; nncaxb na 6yMare 
to write on paper; 



2. in, at 

na BaBOAe at the works; Ha pa- 
66xe at work; na ypone at the 
lesson; na KaBKaae in the Cau- 
casus; na Gesepe in the North; 
Ha coSpaHHH at a meeting; 

3. by 

exaxb na asxoSyce, na napoxo^e 
to go by bus, by ship; 

4.: na npomJioH He^eJie, na axon 
He^ene last week, this week 

<> KIIMI a na (f>paiiriy3i'KOM aawKe. 

A book in French. 
II. -face. 

1. on 

noJiojKHXb na cxoJi to put on 
the table; noBecnxb na cxeny to 
hang on the wall; 

2.to 

na 3aBoA to the works; Ha pa66- 
xy to work; na ypoK to the les- 
son; na KaBKaa to the Caucasus; 
Ha Cesep to the North; na co- 
6paHHe to a meeting; 

3. on 

caAMTbca na aBx66yc, na napo- 
XOA to get on a bus, to board a 
ship; 

4.: na xpexiiH ^enb on the third day, 
na .npyroH ^enb the next day, 
na HOBBIH ro^; on the New 
Year's Day; 

5. for 

OH yexan na HeAeJiro. He left 
for a week. 

6. not translated. OH cxaprae Mena 
Ha 5 Jiex. He is 5 years older 
than I. 3xox KOCXIOM ^opome 
na 10 pySjien. This suit is 10 
roubles dearer. 

<> nepesecTH Ha 4>P aHI ^y3CKHii 
H3biK. To translate into French. 
HABJIIOAAITb, -H), -emb, -iox imp. 
H x o? 3 a H e M? to observe, to 
watch 

Ha6JiK>Aaxb sa ^BH>KeHHeM njianex. 
To observe the movement of planets. 
Mbi naSJUOAaJiH, KaK aaxo^i'uio 
cojiHn;e. We watched the sun set- 
ting. 

HABEPHO(E) paren. word probably 
HaBepnoe, OH ceroAHH He npH^ex. 
He will probably not come today. 

TbI HOHflemb B MV36H? fl H6 
3HaK) XOHHO, HO, HaBepHO, HOHAy. 

"Will you go to the museum?" 



HAB 



72 



HA3 



upward, up- 



"7 don't know for sure, but probably 
I shall." 
HABEPX adv. 
stairs 

MH noAHHJincb Hasepx, Ha DHTLIH 
9xa>K. We went up to the fourth 
floor. 

HABEPX^ adv. r A e? above, upstairs 
Mbi cjimnajiH, nan B KOMHaxe na- 
sepxy rpoMKO neJin, a HOXOM na- 
HaJin xaHH.eBaxb. We heard people 
in the room upstairs sing loudly 
and then begin dancing. 

HABECTftTb see HABEID[ATb 

HABEmA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 
K o r d? q T o? / p. HaBe|cxHXb, -my, 
-cTifnib, -CTHT to visit 
HaseCTUTb 6ojibn6ro xoBapnma. To 
visit a sick friend. 

HABCErflA adv. for ever 

H ye3)Kaio 113 axoro ropo^a naBcer- 
Aa. / am leaving this city for good. 

HABCTPE^y adv. & prep, -f dat. to 
meet one, in the opposite direction 
Bexep AyJi Hascxpeiy. The wind 
blew in our faces. HaBCXpe^y HaM 
meji HCJiOBeK. A man was ap- 
proaching us. 

HAFPAflA /. award 

BbicoKan Harpa^a. A high award. 

IToJiy^HTb HarpaAy. To receive an 

award. 

HArPAflflTb see HArPAJKJJATb 
HArPA5K.Ii; A | Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 

K O r 6? H X 0? 1CM? 3a HT 6?/ p. 

Harpa|flWTb, .jKy, -^wmb, -^HT to 
award 

HarpaAHTb OPABHOM 33 noABHr. To 
award an order for a feat. 
HAFPETb see TPETb, 4 

(HA^O) prep, -f instr. 
\. over. Ha^ CTOJIOM BHCHT JiaMna. 

A light hangs over the table. 

IlTHn;bi jieTaror na^ MopeM. The 

birds are flying over the sea. 

2. above, over. Ha#o MHOH myMHT 
AepeBO. A tree is rustling above 
me. MM CTOHJIH na BMCOKOM 6e- 
pery, na,n peKon. We were stand- 
ing on the high bank, over the river. 

3. at. Pa66xaTb nafl AOKJia^OM. To 
work at a report. 

flEBAlTb, .jo, .e mb , .^T imp . 
i T o? na K o r 6? H a H x 6?/ 
p. Haae|xb, -Hy, -Hemb, -Hyx 



1. to put on. HaaeBarb najibxo, 
mjiflny, nepnaxKH, map(|). To 
put on an overcoat, a hat, gloves, 
a scarf. Ha^exb naJibxo na pe- 
6e'HKa. To put a coat on a child. 

2. to put on. Ha^exb OIKH. To put 
on one's spectacles. 



. hope 

Eojibnrae Ha^ewAW- Great expecta- 
tions. 



HAflETb see HA^EBATb 



-K>XCH 



imp. 



1. na HXO? or -f- inf. to hope. 
Ha^eflXbcH na ycnex, Ha no6e#y. 
To hope for success, for vic- 
tory. H HaAerocb yBHAexb xe6a 
saBxpa. / hope to see you tomor- 
row. 

2. to hope. H Hafleiocb Ha xo, qxo 
^asxpa noroAa 6yn;ex Jiyqme. 
/ hope the weather will be better 
tomorrow. 

3. H a K o r 6? Ha H x 6? to rely. 
HaAenxbCH na APyra. To rely 
on one's friend. HaAenxbCH Ha 
KOJiJieKXHB. To rely. on the collec- 
tive. 

HA#0 KOMy? neMy?4-iw/. it is 
necessary, must 

Te6e HaAO Miioro saHHMaxbcn. You 
must study a lot. Mne naAO 6biJio 
B^epa Bcxaxb B 7 nacoB. 7 had to 
get up at 7 o'clock yesterday. 

HAftOEAAITb, -K), -erab, -rox imp. 
KOMy? H6My? & -j- inf. I p. Ha- 
Aoecxb, HaAoeM, naAoerab, naAoecx, 



past HaAoeJi, -a, -o, -H to be bored, 
to be tired (of) 

3xo MHO naAoeJio. 7 am tired of 
this. HaM naAoeJia njioxan noroAa. 
We are tired of the bad weather. 
Mne naAoejio roBOpnxb 06 BXOM. 7 
am tired of speaking about that. MHC 
naAoeJio HHnero He AeJiaxb. 7 am 
bored with doing nothing. 

HAftOECTb see HAflOEflATb 

HA3AA adv. 

1. KyA? back. HAHXO HasaA- Go 
back. H nocMOxpeJi HasaA. 7 
looked back. 

2. ago. MH npnexajin 3 Mecwua Ha- 
saA- We arrived 3 months ago. 



HA3 



73 



HAJI 



3xo 6ujio MHoro JIGT 
3afl. That was many years ago. 
HA3BAHHE neut. name, title 

HasBamie pOMana, KHiirn, KHHO- 

(MjibMa. The name of a novel, book, 

film. 

HA3BATB see HA3bIBATb 
HASHAHAjTb, ; K>, -emb, -KT imp. 

q x o? K o M y? q e M y? || K o r 6? 

q T o? K e M? q e M? / p. Ha3Haq|nxb, 

-y, -Hmb, -ax 

1. to fix. Haanaqaxb cBHflaHHe. To 
make an appointment. HasnaqnTb 
co6paHHe na 6 qacoB. To fix 
the meeting for 6 o'clock. 

2. to appoint. HaanaqHTb Koro-JiH- 
60 AHpeKxopOM. TO appoint some- 
body director. 

3. to prescribe. Hasnaquxb 6om>- 
HOMy JieKapCTBO. To prescribe 
medicine for a patient. 

HA3HAHHTB see HA3HAqATb 
HA3bIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

K o r 6? q x o? / />. Hassaxb, nasosly , 

-emb, -yx 

1. to name. HasoBHxe pyccimx nn- 
caxeJien, KOTOPBIX BLI snaexe. 
Name the Russian writers you 
know. HasoBHxe 6oJibmne ropo^a 
Bamea cxpaHbi. Name the large 
cities of your country. 

2. to name. Ee nasBajin Kaxn (Ka- 
Tea). She was named Katya. 

HA3bIBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. rare- 
ly used, 3rd pers. -eicfl, -IOTCH 
to be called 

KaK HaabiBaeTCH Sxa yjinn;a? What 
is the name of this street? KaK na- 
SLiBaeTCH 3TOT KHHOTeaxp? What 
is the name of this cinema? 

HAH3^CTb adv. by heart 

3naTb H3H3ycTb. To know by heart. 

VqHTb HansycTB. To learn by heart. 
HAflTfl see HAXOflftTb & HCKATb 
HAKA3ATb see HAKASblBATb 
HAKA3bIBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -K>T imp. 

Koro?qTo? sa qx 6?/ p. 



to punish 

Hanasaxb peSenna sa HJIOXOH no- 
cxynoK. To punish a child for mis- 
behaviour. Hanasaxb qeJiOBena 3a 
npecxynJieHHe. To punish a person 
for committing a crime. 



HAKAH^HE 

1. adv. the day before. HaKanyHe 
MM 6tijiH B KHHO. We were at 
the cinema the day before. 

2. prep. -{- gen. on the eve. Hana- 
Hyne HOBOFO rofla. On New 
Year's eve. HaKanyne npas^HH- 
na, flHH pojK^eHHH. On the eve 
of the holiday, on the eve of 
one's birthday. 

HAKJIOHflTbCH see HAKJIOHtfTb- 

CH 
HAKJIOH)l|TbCH, -rocb, -embra, 

-IOXCH imp. I p. HaKJioHiixbCH, ua- 

KJIOHIOCb, HaKJlOHHmbCH, 

HHXCH to bend 

Maxb naKJioHHJiacb na^ 

The mother bent over her child. 
HAKOHEm adv. at last 

HaKonen; OH npnnieji. At last he 

has come. 

HAKOPMHTb see KOPMHTb 
HAKPbIBA|Tb, -K, -emb, -iox imp. 

q x o? q e M? / /?. HaKpbixb, HaKpo|K), 

-emb, -iox to cover 

HaKpilxb cxoJi CKaxepxbio. To cover 

the table with a table-cloth. 
HAKPbIBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcn, 

-IOXCH imp. qeM?//>. HaKpBixbca, 

HaKpo|iocb, -enibca, -IOTCH to cover 

oneself 

HaKpbiBaxbCH OAenJiOM. To cover 

oneself with a blanket. HaKptiBaxbCH 

nJiamoM. To cover oneself with a 

raincoat. 

HAKPb'ITb see HAKPblBATb 
HAKPb'ITbCH see HAKPblBATbCH 
HAJIEBO adv. 

1. Kya? to the left. HOHXH, no- 
exaxb, noBepnyxb HaJieso. To go, 
to drive, to turn to the left. 

2. re? on, at, to the left (cf. 
CJlEBA). HaJieso ox namero ^oMa 
naxoflHxcH MarasHH. To the left 
of our house is a shop. 

HAJIHBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iox q x o? 
(q e r 6?) K o M y? K y A a? imp./ 
p. HaJiiixb, iiaJib|io, -emb, -iox; irnper. 
HaJien, past najinji, HaJiHJia, Hajin- 
Ji|o, -H to pour out 
HaJiHBaxb rocxro qaio. To pour out 
tea for the guest. HaJiiixb BOflbi B 
rpa|)HH. To fill a carafe with water. 

HAJIflTb see HAJlHBATb 

HAJIOr m. tax 

BBICOKHC naJiorn. High taxes. 



HAO 



74 



HAP 



naJior. Income tax. 
IlJiaxiixb HaJior. To pay a tax. 
HAOEOPGT adv. 

1. the other way round. OH Bcerjja 
Bee fleJiaJi Hao6opox. He always 
did everything the other way round. 

2. on the contrary. Ona ne aa- 
CMeaJiacb, a, naoGopox, sanjia- 
KaJia. She did not laugh, on the 
contrary, she began crying. 

HAIIAJJAITb, -lo, -eiiib, -IOT imp. na 
K o r 6? na q x 6?//>. nanacxb, na- 
naflly, -emb, -yx, past nanaji, -a, -o, 
-H to attack 

Tiirpu Banana fox na 'leJioeeKa. Ti- 
gers attack people. 

HAHACTb see HAH Aft A Tb 
HAIIEHATATb see HEHATATb 
HAIIHCATb see HHCATb 

HAnOMHHA|Tb, -ro, -emt, -IOT imp. 
K o M y? *i x o? or o K 6 M? o 

4 e M? / p. Han6MH|HXb, -K), -HOIb, -HT 

1. to remind. OH nanoMHHJi MHe 
o HaniHX npe/KHHx Bcxpe i iax. 
He reminded me of our past 
meetings. 

2. K o r 6? to remind. OH nanoM- 
HHJI MHe o^Horo nejioBena. He 
reminded me of a certain person. 

HAHOMUHTb see HAIlOMHHATb 
HAIIPABHTb see HAIIPABJIflTb 
HAHPABHTbCH see HAJIPABJIflTb- 

CH 
IIAnPABJIEHHE neut. 

1. direction. HanpaBJiemie ^BH>Ke- 
HHH. The direction of a move- 
ment. IIoe3,ua H/jyT B paanux 
HanpaBJieHHHX. The trains are go- 
ing in different directions. 

2. school. JlHTepaxypnoe nanpaBJie- 
une. A literary school. HanpaB- 
Jienne B MyabiKe, B JKHBOHHCH. 
A school of music, painting. 

Ho HanpaBJieniiio K... In the 
direction of... 

HAIIPABJIfl|Tb, -TO, -erab, -iox imp. 
KOTO? HXO? K KOMy?Ky^;a?/ 
p. Hanpa|BHXb, -BJIHD, -BHmb, -BHX 
to send 

^OKXOP HanpaBiiJi MOHH B caHaxo- 
PHH. The doctor sent me to a sana- 
torium. Mena nanpaBHJin K Bpany. 
I was sent to a doctor. HanpaBHXb 
na pa66xy. To send to work. 



HAHPABJlUlTbCH, -iocb, -embcn, 
-roxcfl imp. K KOMV? Ky^a?/ 
p. Hanpa|BHXbCH, -BJiiocb, -BHmbca, 

-BHXCH tO gO 

HanpaBJifixbCH na ror. To go to the 
south. HanpaBHXbCH K Apy3bHM, 
anaKOMbiM. To go to see one's friends, 
acquaintances. OH HanpaBHJiCH K 
flfiepH. He made for the door. 
HAHPABO adv. 

1. Kyaa? to the right. AaxoSyc 
noBepHyji nan pa BO. The bus 
turned to the right. 

2. TAG? on, at, to the right (cf. 
CIIPABA). HanpaBo - MOCT, 
HaJieso caja;. On the right there 
is a bridge, on the left, a garden. 
HanpaBo ox BOKaaJia Gojibmaa 
rocxHHHija. There is a large ho- 
tel to the right of the railway 
station. 

HAIIP^tHO adv. wrongly, in vain 
TM HanpacHO xaK nocxynaemb. You 
are wrong in doing that. OH Ha- 
npacHo o6i>HCHflJi en oScxanoBKy: 
OHa HH^ero He xoxeJia noHHMaxb. 
He tried in vain to explain the sit- 
uation to her: she would not listen 
to anything. 

HAIIPHMEP paren. word for example 
Cjiosa cpeAHero po^a B pyccKOM 

H3MK6 HM6IOX OKOHHaHHH -0 H -6. 

HanpHMep, OKHO H Mope. Russian 
words of the neuter gender have the 
ending -o or -e. For example: 
OKHO and Mope. 
HAHPOTHB 

1. adv. opposite. MarasMH Haxo^nx- 
CH nanpoxuB. The shop is op- 
posite. 

2. prep, -\-gen. opposite. HanpoxHB 



. Opposite the hostel is a 
large shop. 
HAIIPH3KEHHE neut., no pi. 

1. straining. HanpHmemie scex CHJI. 
A straining of all one's efforts. 

2. tension. TOK BbicoKoro Hanpa- 
H?CHHH. High tension current. 
fig. MejKflynapoAHoe Han 
HHC. International tension. 

HAPHCOBATb see PHCOBATb 



1. people, nation. PyccKHH 
The Russian people. 

The peoples of the world. 



HAP 



75 



HAY 



2. only sing, people. Mnoro 

(HapoAy). A f l ot f people. 
Hnxepecbi napOAa. The interests 
of the people. IIpocTdH napoA- 
Ordinary people. 
HAPOflHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. folk. HapdAHoe HCKVCCTBO. Folk 
art. HapoAHbie HCCHH. Folk songs. 

2. national. HapoAHoe XOSHHCXBO. 
National economy. HapoAHoe 06- 
pa30Bamie. Public education. 

3. people's. HapoAHbiii apxiicx 
CCGP. A People's Artist of the 

USSR. HapOAHblH XVAOJKHHK 

CCGP. A People's Artist of the 
USSR (graphic art). HapOAHblH 
cyu.. People's court. 
HAPOHHO adv. on purpose 

TBI CAeJiaJi axo Haponno HJIH CJiy- 
HELHHO? Did you do it on purpose 
or by accident? 

HAPyfflA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 
H T o?//?. HapyinJHXb, -y, -Hinb, -ax 

1. to break, to violate. Hapymnxb 
HOKOH. To break the peace. Ha- 
pyniHXb xHEDHHy. To break the 
silence. Hapymnxb nopHAOK. To 
break the peace. Hapynraxb rpa- 
Hiiny. To violate the border. Ha- 
pymHTb AoroBOp. To violate a 
treaty. 

2. to break. HapyniHTb CJIOBO. To 
break one's word. 

HAPyiUHTb see HAPyfflATB 
HAPH^HIHH, -an, -oe, -me 

1. well-dressed. HapHAnaa AeByni- 
Ka. A well-dressed girl. 

2. smart. HapaAHoe njiaxbe. A 
smart dress. 

HACEJIEHHE neut., no pi. population 
HaceJienne CTpanw. The population 
of a country. Hacejienne ropOAa. 
The population of a city. Mnpnoe 
Hacejienne. Civilian population. 

HACKB03B ado. through 

ITpoMOKHyxb nacKBOBb. To get wet 
through. 

HACKOJTbKO adv. how much 

HacKoJibKO 3x0 peraenne Jiyqrae 
npe>KHero! How much better this 
decision is than the old one! 

HACMOPK m., no pi. a cold in the 
head 

CwJibHbiH nacMOpK. A bad cold in 
the head. JlerKHH HacMopK. A 
slight cold in the head. V MCHH 



HacMopK. / have a cold in the head. 
JleKapcxBo ox naCMOpKa. A medi- 
cine for a cold in the head. 

HACTOfl*fflB|blft, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form nacxoHHHB, -a, -o, -H; adv. 
HacxoiiHHBo persistent 
HacxoHiHEbiH HeJioseK. A persis- 
tent person. HacxoHHHBbiH xapaK- 
xep. A persistent character. HacxoH- 
iHBaH npocb6a v A pressing request. 
CxyAenx nacxoHHHBo sannMajicH. 
The student studied persistently 

HACTOJIbKO adv. so 

OH nacxoJibKO rJiyn, HXO HH i iero 
He Mowex noHHXb. He is so stupid 
that he doesnt understand anything. 

HACTOJIbH|blH, -aa, -oe, -bie 

1. table, desk. HacxoJibHan JiaMna. 
A desk lamp. HacxoJibHbiH na- 
JienAapb. A desk calendar. Ha- 
cxoJibHbie iirpbi. Table games. 

2. fig.: HacxoJibnaH KH/ira. A hand- 
book. 

HACTOtfimHfl, -an, -ee, -He real 
Hacxoamee 3OJioxo. Real gold. Ha- 
cxoHman JiioSoBb. True love. 
<> B nacToamee speMa. At pres- 
ent. 

HACTPOEHHE neut. 

1. mood. V M6HH ceroAHH njioxoe 
Hacxpoenne. / am in a bad mood 
today. 

2. -}- inf., usu. in negative sentences. 
y Mena Hex HacxpoeHHH pac- 
CKasbisaxb. / am not in a 
talking mood. 

HACTynAlTb 1 , 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -ex, -rox imp./ 
p. Hacxynnxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. nacxynnx, nacxy- 
HHX to come 
HacxynHJio yxpo. Morning came. 

HACTynAjTb 2 , -10, -emb, -rox imp. 
na KOTO? na HTO?//>. Hacxy- 
nwxb, Hacxynjiro, Hacxynnuib, na- 
cxynax 

1. to tread. Hacxyniixb nejioBeKy 
na Hory. To tread on a person's 
foot. 

2. imp. only to be on the offensive. 
ApMHH nacxynaex. The army is 
on the offensive. 

HACTynflTb see HACTyilATbi & 

HAcrynATb 2 , i. 

HA^KA /. science 

nayKOH. To be a 



HAY 



76 



scientist. EcxecxseHHbie HayKH. 
Natural sciences. TyMaHHTapHwe 
nayKH. Humanities. 
HAyHfiTb see YHflTb, 2 
HAyqfiTbCfl see yHflTbCH 
HA^HHjblfl, -an, -oe, -we scientific 
HayqnaH pa6oxa. Scientific work. 
HayHHHH pa66xHHK. A research 
worker. HayiHbie xpyAbi. Scientific 
works. Hay^mafl 6H6jraoxeKa. A 
scientific library. HayHHoe cxyAen- 
necKoe 66m,ecxBo. A students 1 
scientific society. 

HAXOflfiTb, naxojKy, HaxoanmB, Ha- 
xoflHx imp. K o r 6? H x o?//>. Han- 
TH, HaHA|v, -emb, -yx, past nameji, 
HamJi|a, -p, -H to find 
HaiiTH HyjKHyro Bemb. To find the 
thing needed. Haaxw HOBBIH MexoA 
pa66xti. To find a new method of 
work. HaxoAHXb pa^ocTb B Myabme. 
To find pleasure in music. 
<> MecTa ce6e He naxoAHTb. To 
fret. He naxOAHTb CJIOB. Words 
fail one. 

HAXOJJHTbCH, naxojKycb, HaxoAnmb- 
CH, HaxoflHTCH imp. to be (situated) 
BoJibmoH Teaip HaxoAHTcn B n;eHT- 
pe MOCKBH. The Bolshoi Theatre 
is in the centre of Moscow. 
HAUjHOHAJIbHOCTb /. nationality 
KTO Bbi no HannonajibHoCTH? What 
is your nationality? B GoBexcKOM 
Goro.ie MHoro Hau,HOHajibHOCTeH. 
There are many nationalities in 
the Soviet Union. 

HAUjHOHAjIbHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie 

1. national. HannonajibHaH KyjibTy- 
pa. National culture. 

2. national. HannoHaJibHbiH KOC- 
TK)M. National dress. 

HAMAJIO neut. 

1. beginning. ^OM naxoaHTcn B na- 
Hajie yjiHn;M. The house is at the 
beginning of the street. 

2. beginning. Haiajio y t ie6noro ro- 
a. The beginning of the school 
year. HaiaJio aaHHTHH B 10 qa- 
COB. Lessons start at 10 o'clock. 

HAHAJIbHHK m. chief 
IIAHATb see HAHHHATb 
HAHATbCH see HA^HHATbCH 

-K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 
T o? & + ^f. I p. Haiaxb, naqH|y, 



-emb, -yT, past 



, Ha 



ypoK. To begin a lesson. 
Haiarb peqb. To begin a speech. 
Haqaxb paGpiaxb. To begin work- 
ing. HaqHHaib yHHTbCH. To begin 
going to school, to begin studying. 

HAMHHA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -K>TCH imp./ 
p. HanaxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. naqnexcH, Ha<myx- 
CH, past Hanajica, Haqaji|acb, -ocb, 
-picb to begin 

3aBxpa HanHHaexCH HOBUH yqe6Hbin 
PGA. The new school (academic) year 
begins tomorrow. 

HA1H, -a, -e, -H pron. our, ours 

HE particle not 

OH He ymeex roBoprixb no-pyccKn. 
He cannot speak Russian. 3xo He 
CXQJI. This is not a table. 3xo He 
6ieb HHxepecHbifi 4)KJii>M. This is 
not a very interesting film. 3xo He 
HJIOXO, a xopomo. This is not bad, 
it is good. Ero He 6biJio AOMa. He 
was not at home. 

HEBO neut., pi. neGeca, ne6ec, He6e- 
caM, etc. sky 

FoJiy66e He6o. A blue sky. Becen- 
nee He6o. A spring sky. 
<> IIonacTb naJibu,eM B iiefio Cf. 
To find a mare's nest. 

HEBECTA /. fiancee 

HEFJJE adv. nowhere 

Bee Mecxa aaHHXbi, nerAe cecxb. 
All the seats are taken, there is 
nowhere to sit. 

HEftABHO adv. recently 

MH npnexajiH B MocKBy HeAaBHo. 
We have come to Moscow recently 

HE/JAJIEKG adv. r A e? not far 
ToBapnm JKHBCX HCAajieKo ox Me- 
HH. My friend lives not far from 
me. 



/. week 

HCACJIH. The days of the week. 
Ha 9XOH neACJie. This week. Hepea 
HCAeJiK). In a week. Tpu paaa B HC- 
A6JIK). Three times a week. MM 
CAeJiaeM axy pa66xy aa HeAeJiio. 
We shall do this work in a week. 
<0> y Hero ceMb nnxnim Ha nejie- 
Jie. He does not know his own mind. 
HEJJOCTAT|OK m., gen. -Ka draw- 
back, shortcoming, defect 
HeAOCxaxKH B paooxe. Shortcomings 



HE5K 



77 



HEC 



in work. V nero MHOFO He^ocxax- 
KOB. He has many defects. 
HE5KH|blfl, -aa, -oe, -bie, short form 

HCJKHa, H6>KH|0, -HJ adv. 



1. tender, affectionate. He>KHoe 
HyBcxBo. A tender feeling. He>K- 
HHH BarJiflA. An affectionate look. 

2. tender. HeJKHaa Ko>Ka. Tender 
skin. 

3. tender. HCTKHLIH n,Bex. A tender 
colour. 

HE3ABHCHMOCTB /., no pi. indepen- 
dence 

CBOOO/ja H HesaBlTCHMOCXb CXpaHU. 

The freedom and independence of a 
country. 

HE3ABfiCHM|bIft, -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form HesaspicHM, -a, -o, -H; adv. 
independent 

xapanxep. An inde- 
pendent character. HeaaBHCHMoe ro- 
cyjjapcxBO. An independent state. 

HEKOrjJA adv. no time 

OH oMenb MHoro pa66xaex, eMy HG- 
Korjja ryjiaxb. He works a lot, he 
has no time to go for walks. Mne 
ceroflHH HeKor^a. I've no time to- 
day. 

HEKOTOP|blfl, -aa, -oe, -tie pron. 
some 

1. B neKoxopbix panonax cxpanbi 
npoinJiH ^ojKflH. It rained in 
some parts of the country. 

2. only pi. Bee cjiyniajiii c HHxe- 
pecoM, HeKOTOpue CMenjincb. 
Everybody listened with interest, 
some people laughed. 

HEKyjJA adv. nowhere 

y M6HH H6T 3#eCb 3HaKOMbIX, MH6 

HeKy^a Hflxii. I've no friends here, 
I've nowhere to go to. 
HEJIbSfl + inf, KOMy? 

1. it is impossible. 3xy aa^aqy pe- 
miixb HeJibsa. This problem can- 
not be solved. 

2. one must not. HeJibsn myMexb 
B KOMHaxe SoJibHoro. You must 
not make a noise in the sickroom. 
Sflecb nypHXb HeJibaa. Smoking 
is prohibited here. Mne HeJibaa 
MHoro 6eraxb. / am not allowed 
to run for a long time. 

HEMHOrO adv. (a) little 

H aaHHMaJiCH ceroflHH neMHoro. 7 
studied for a short time today. 



HeMHoro noryjura H npHxonii 
Go for a short walk and then come 
home. V Hac He\m6ro BpeMenn. We 
have little time left. 

HEHABfllAETb, -my, -^nmb, -HX 
imp. K o r 6? H x o? to hate 
H HenaBH>Ky axoro qejioseKa. / 
hate that man. 

HEHABHCTb /., no pi. K KOMy? 
K H e M y? hatred 

HEOBXO^flM|I>lfl, -aa, -oe, -tie, short 
form neoSxoflHM, Heo6xoAHM|a, -o, 
-H; adv. neoSxoAHMO necessary 
HeoSxo^HMbie semn. Necessary 
things. HeoSxoAHMbie KHiirH. The 
books one needs. HeoSxoflMMo crie- 
Jiaxb onepan,HK>. An operation is 
necessary. 

HEOEblKHOBEHHJblfl, -an, -oe, -ue; 
adv. HeoSbiKHOBeHHO unusual 
Heo6biKHOB6HHoe nyxemecxBue. An 
unusual journey. 

HE05KB3AHH|bIft, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. 
HeojKH,naHHO unexpected 
HeojKH^aHHoe coSbixne. An unex- 
pected event. HeoHWAaHHbiii npnesji;. 
An unexpected arrival. Oxen Bep- 
nyjiCH HeojKti^aHHo. The father re- 
turned unexpectedly. 

HEPBH|bIfl[, an, -oe, -me 

1. nervous. HepBHan cucxeMa The 
nervous system. 

2. nervous. HepBHbifi T ieJiOBeK. A 
nervous person. 

3. nervous. HepBHbie SoJieann. Ner- 
vous diseases. 

H^CKOJIbK|O num., gen. -HX several 
Ha coSpaHHH Bbicxyniuio necKOJibKo 
qejioBeK. Several people spoke al 
the meeting. Ha 3KCKypCHH ne 6mio 
HecKOJibKHX cxy^enxoB. Several stu- 
dents were absent from the excur- 
sion. 

HECMOTPfl UAprep. -{-ace. in spite of 
HecMOxpa na njioxyio noroAy, 
MM xo^HJiH ryjiHXb In spite of 
the bad weather we went out for a 
walk. 

<> HecMoxpa HH na iT6. In spite 
of everything. 

HEC|Tfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past nee, nec- 

|Jia, -Jio, -Jiw, imp. q x o? Kya? 

1. to carry. Hecxw HeMOAaH. To 

carry a suit-case. Hecxw pe6e*H- 

Ka na pynax. To carry a child 

in one's arms. Hecxii KHiirn B 



HEC 



78 



HHH 



6n6jiHOxeKy. To carry the books 
to the library. 

2. fig. to bear. Hecxii oxsexcxBeH- 
Hocxb. To bear the responsibili- 
ty. HecTH HaKasaHne. To bear 
the punishment. HGCTH noxepn. 
To suffer losses. 

HECHACTHIWfl, -an, -oe, -ue un- 
lucky, unfortunate 
HecHacxHtiH nejioBeK. An unlucky 
person. 

<> HeciacTHbifi cJiy^aii. An acci- 
dent. 
HECHACTBE neut. misfortune 

Cjiy^HJiocb Hec^acxbe. A misfor- 
tune has happened. 
HET particle 

\ . no. Bbi Hflexe B KHHO? Hex. 
"Are you going to the cinema?" 
"No, I am not." 

2. not, no. V MCHH Hex axofi KHH- 
rn. / haven't got that book. Ha 
axoH yjiHije Hex MarasiraoB. There 
are no shops in this street. Ero 
Hex flOMa. He is not at home. 
HEy^KEJIH emphatic particle really 
HeyjKeJiH BLI ne HHXBJIH axoro po- 
Mana? Haven't you read this novel? 

HE<Tb /., no pi. oil 

MecxopojKflemie He<J)XH. An oil de- 
posit. ^oStiBaxb ne<j)Xb. To extract 
oil. 

HEHAHHHO adv. by accident 

H HenanHHO paaSiiJi cxaKan. / broke 
the glass by accident. 

HEHEFO pron., dat. HeieMy, instr. 
HCHCM, prepos. He o HCM -|- inf. no- 
thing 

Miie Henero ^eJiaxb. I've got no- 
thing to do. Tan Aynmo, HXO He^eM 
fltimaxb. It's so stuffy: one can 
hardly breathe. Mne HO o HCM 6oJib- 
me roBopnxb. I've nothing else to 
say. HeneMy pa^OBaxbCH. There's 
nothing to be happy about. 

HH particle not a 

Ha He6e HH 66JiaqKa. There is not 
a single cloud in the sky. 

HH ... HH con], neither... nor 
HH AHCM, HH HOHbio He npeKpam;a- 
Jiacb pa66xa. Work went on day 
and night without stopping. HH fl, 
HH MOH 6pax HHKorAa He 6tuiH B 
MocKBe. Neither my brother nor 
myself has ever been to Moscow. 



adv. nowhere 
BHJIO yjKe noaaHo, nnr^e He CHJIO 
BH^HO Jno^en. It was already late, 
no people could be seen anywhere. 
Hnr,n,e He Mory Kyniixb axoro yHe6- 
HHKa. I can't buy this text-book 
anywhere. Hnr^e Hex CBo66aHbix 
Mecx. There are no vacant seats 
anywhere. 

Hfl>KH|HH, -HH, ee, ne 

1. lower. HHJKHHH nojiKa. The lower 

berth. 
2.: HnjKHee 6e:ibe. Underwear. 

Hfl3K|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

HH30K, HHSKa, HH3K[0, -Hj adv. HH3KO; 

com p. HH>Ke 

1. low. HHBKHH .HOM. A low house. 

2. low. HHSKHH yposeHb JKHBHH. 
A low living standard. HnsKan 
xeMnepaxypa. A low temperature. 
TeMnepaxypa nrime nyjin. A 
temperature below zero. HnsKHe 
HieHti. Low prices. HiisKoe flaB- 
JieHne. Low pressure. 

3. low. HHSKHH TOJIOC. A low voice. 
HHKOrjUA adv. never 

OH HHKorAa ne onasAHBaji. He 
never came late. 

HHKTO pron., gen. t ace. HHKOFO [-BO], 
dat. HHKOMy, instr. HHK6M, prepos. 
HH o KOM nobody 
HHKXO ne ana ex, nan pemnxb 9*xy 
sa^any. Nobody knows how to solve 
this problem. H AaBHo y>Ke KHKOFO 
ne BH^eji. / haven't seen anybody 
for a long time. HnKOMy ne TOBO- 
pii 06 3XOM. Don't tell anyone about 
it. OH HH o KOM He xoiex jjyMaxb. 
He doesn't want to think about 
anyone. 

HHKY#A adv. nowhere 

V MCHH njioxoe Hacxpoenne, H a 
HHKyAa He xoHy. / am in a bad 
mood and I don't go anywhere. 

HflT|KA /., gen. pi. -OK thread 

KaxymKa HHXOK. A reel of thread. 
Bflexb HiixKy B nroJiKy. To thread 
a needle. 

HHHErO [-BO] 

1. adv. not bad. KaK H nanncaji 
KOHXpoJibHyro pa66xy? HHHC- 
ro. "How did I write my test- 
paper?" u Not bad." 

2. particle that's all right. HSBH- 
HHxe, noHWJiyncxa. Hnnero. 
"Excuse me." "That's all right." 



HH X I 



79 



HOC 



HHHTO [-rnxo] pron., gen. HHHero[-Bo], 
dat. HHqeMy, instr. HHHGM, prepos. 
HH o IBM nothing 
OH HHHero He snaeT. He does not 
know anything. OH HHqeMy He Ha- 
yqMJicn. He didn't learn anything. 
OH HH^GM He HHTepecyeTCH. He is 
not interested in anything. H He 
Mor HH o HCM flyMaTb. / couldn't 
think of anything. 

HO conj. but 

CoJinne CBOTHT, HO He rpeeT. The 
sun is shining, but it is not giving 
any warmth, fl snepa SBOHHJI Te6e, 
HO Te6a He 6mio jjoMa. / rang 
you up yesterday, but you were 
not at home. 

HOBOrO,n[H|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He New- 
Year 

HOHB. New-Year night. 
nosApaBjienHH. New- 
Year messages. HoBoroAHHe nojKe- 
JiaHHH. New-Year wishes. HoBoroft- 
HHH 6aJi. A New-Year ball. 

HGBOCT|b /., gen. pi. -en 

1. news. Coo6maTb HOBOCTB. To 
tell the news. Xopomne HOBOCTH. 
Good news. 

2. only pi.: HOBOCTH flHH. Newsreel. 
HOBOCTH nayKH H TexHHKH. The 
latest developments in science and 
technology. 

H6B|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 

HOB, HOB3, HOB|O, -H 

1. new. HOBBIH #OM. A new house. 
HoBoe njiaTte. A new dress. 

2. new. HoBaa KHrira. A new book. 
HOBHH qeJiOBCK. A new man. 

3. modern. Ho Ban HCTopnn. Modern 
history. 

4. new. HoBbiH ro^;. New Year. 
HOP A /., ace. Hory; pi. Horn, nor, 

HoraM, etc. foot, leg 

BMMMTB Horn. To wash one's feet. 

BiiTHpaHTe Horn. Wipe your feet. 

<> HATH B Hory c B6KOM. To keep 

abreast of time. 
HOriOTB m. t gen. -TH; gen. pi. -Tefl 

(finger) nail 

KycaTt norm. To bite one's nails. 
H05K m., gen. -a knife 

OcTpWH HO?K. A sharp knife. Tynoii 

HOHt. A blunt knife. PeaaTb x;ie6 

HOJKOM. To cut bread with a knife. 

IlepoqHHHLiH HO>K. A pen-knife. 



HOC|KA /., gen. pi. -en leg 

HoJKKa cTOJia, CTyjia. The leg of a 
table, chair. 

HOyKHIIIJbl no sing., gen. HOJKHHI; 

scissors 

OcTptie HOJKHHHLI. Sharp scissors. 
HOJI|b m., gen. -H zero 

<> H6e3A npiime.i B ABeHaflqaxb 

HOJib-HOJib. The train arrived at 

twelve sharp. 

HOMEP m., pi. -a 

1. number. HoMep ffOMa. The num- 
ber of a house. HoMep TpaMBan. 
The number of a tram. HoMep 
TeJie<|)6Ha. A telephone number. 

2. issue. AnpeJibCKHH HoMep H?yp- 
najia. The April issue of the 
magazine. 

3. room. HoMep B rocTHHime. A 
hotel room. 

4. size. HoMep SOTHHOK, nep^aTOK. 
The size of shoes, gloves. 

5. item. HoMep B KOHnepTHofi npo- 
rpaMMe. An item on the concert 
programme. UJHPKOBOH HOMep. 
A turn in the circus. HcnoJiHflTb 
HoMep. To perform an item. 

HOPMA /. norm, standard, quota 
HopMa BLipa6oTKH. An output 
standard. BbinoJiHHTb HopMy. To 
carry out the quota. IlepeBBinoJi- 
HHTb HopMy. To exceed the 
quota. 

HOPMAJIbH|blH, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form HOpMaJieH, HOpMaJibHJa, -o, 
-bi; adv. HOpMajibHO normal 
HopMaJibnan TeMnepaTypa. Normal 
temperature. HopMaJibnoe ^aBJieHHe. 
Normal pressure. HopMaJibHbie yc- 
JIOBHH Tpyn,a. Normal conditions 
for work. 

HOC m., prepos. o Hoce & na (B) HO- 
cy; pi. -H 

1. nose. npflMoii HOC. A straight 
nose. 

2. bow. Mbi cH^ejiH na nocy JIOA- 
KH. We were sitting in the bow 
of the boat. 

<> HoBCCHTb HOC. To be crestfallen. 
BoAHTb Kor6-HH6y^b aa HOC. To 
lead somebody by the nose. He Bif- 
flexb A&jibme c66cTB6HHoro noca. 
Not to see further than one's 
nose. 



HOC 



80 



QBE 



HOCfiTb, Homy, Hocnmb, HOCHT imp. 
KOTO? qxo? KyAa? 

1. to carry. KajKAWH AGHL noq- 
xaJiboH UOCHT H3M noHTy. Every 
day the postman brings us our 
post. OH HOCHT KHWFH B nopx- 
^>ejie. He carries his books in 
his bag. 

2. to wear. HOCHTB MHrKyio num- 
ny. To wear a soft hat. Hocrixb 
6ycbi, cepbrn. To wear beads, 
ear-rings. 

HOCKfl pi., gen. HOCKOB, aing. HOCOK, 

m., gen. Hocna socks 

niepcxHHbie HOCKH. Woollen socks. 

ITapa HOCKOB. A pair of socks. 
IIOTA 1 /. 

1. note. BsHxb BHCoKyfo (misKyio) 
Hoxy. To sing a high (low) note. 

2. no sing, music. Mrpaxb no noxaM. 
To play from music. Mrpaxb 
6es HOT. To play without music. 

HOTA 2 /. note 

Hoxa npoxecxa. A note of protest 
Hoxa coBexcKoro npaBHxeJibCTBa. 
A note of the Soviet Government. 

HOHH|Ofl, -an, -6e, -we night 

Ho i mafl xiimiiHa. The silence of the 
night. HOHHELH CMena. The night 
shift. HoqHan py6amKa. A night- 
gown, a night-shirt. 

HO^Ib /., gen. pi. -eii night 

Tnxafl HO^ib. A quiet night. JTyH- 
nafl HOHb. A moonlit night. 3B63A- 
Haa Hoqb. A starlit night. B HOHb nojj 
HOBMH rofl. On New-Year's night. 
<> CnoKouHoii (j;66pOH) HOIH. 
Good-night! 

HO^bK) adv. at night 

Honbio OH cnaJi HecnoKoiiHO. He 
spent a restless night. B v iepa Ho^bio 
KXO-XO nocxyqaji K naM B OKHO. 
Last night somebody was knocking 
at our window. 

HOflBPjb m., gen. -H, no pi. Novem- 
ber 

HPA|BHTbCH, -BJiEOCb, -BiimbCH, -BHX- 
CH imp. K o M y? ^ e M y? & -f *// 

p. nOHpa|BHXbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHmbCH, 

-BHXCH to like 

MHC oHCHb npaBHxcH 6xa fleBymKa. 
/ like that girl very much. KHHO- 
(JwjibM naM ne nonpaBHJicH. We 
didn't like the film. BaM HpasHxca 
ryjiHXb 3flecb? Do you like taking 
walks here? 



-rocb, -embcn, -roxcn 
imp. B K o M? B H e M? to need 
BojibHOH nyjKAaexcH B cseweM BOS- 
nyxe. The patient needs fresh air. 
HS T 3KHO KOMy? qeMy?4-m/. & -f- 
conj. H x 6 6 bi it is necessary, must 
HaM HV>KHO MHoro saHHMaxbca. We 
must study a lot. HyjKHO, Hx66bi 
B KOMHaxe .6wJio HI'ICXO. The room 
must be clean. 

, -an, ; oe, -bie, short form 
Hy>KHa, Hywno, HyjKHbi 
K o M y? q e M y? necessary, that is 
needed 

HywHWH HGJiOBeK. A man who is 
needed. HV>KHHH yqe"6HHK. A ne- 
cessary text-book. 3xa Kmira ny>K- 
Ha MHO ceroAHH. 7 need this book 
today. Mne Hy)KHbi xyi|)JiH. 7 need 
shoes. 3xox yqe6HHK MHC He 
/ don't need this text-book. 



O, o 

(OB, OBO) prep, -f- prepos. & ace. 

1. -f- prepos. about, of. 3a66xnxbCH 
o STjopoBbe. To take care of one's 
health. /Jyiviaxb o poAHue. To think 
about one's country. Meixaxb 
6yAymeM. To dream of the future. 
Hnxaxb KHwry o JKHSHH COBOX- 
CKOH MOJiOAeJKH. To read a book 
about the life of Soviet youth. 
BocnoMHHaHHH 06 oxn;e. Reminis- 
cences (memories) of one's father. 

2. -{-ace. on. BOJIHM oYuincb o 6e- 

per. The waves beat on the shore. 

(3BA m. & neut., gen. o66nx; 66e /., 

gen. o6enx num. both 

06a Apyra yqaxcn B HHCxnxyxe. 

Both friends study at the institute. 

06e ASBymKH xopomo xann;eBajiH. 

Both the girls danced well, 
m. dinner 
cHbiH o6eA- A tasty dinner. 

Q6e"A H3 xpex SJIKA. A three-course 

dinner. 

<> 3 a oSejjoM. At dinner. EEpHrjia- 

CHTb na oSefl. To invite to dinner. 
OB,ZJA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iox imp./ 

p. noo6eAa|Tb, -TO, -erab, -rox to have 

dinner 

06eAaxb B CXOJIOBOH. To have dinner 

at a dining-hall. Bwcxpo noo6eAaxb. 

To have a quick dinner. 



QBE 



81 



OEP 



OEECIIEHHBAlTb, -to, -emb, -KXT 
imp. Kor6? H6M? or KOMy? 
q T o?/p. o6ecneq|nxb, -y, - 
to provide 

06ecneqHxb cxponxeubcxBo 
naMH. To provide machinery for a 
construction project. 
OEEdlERHTb see OEECIIEHHBATb 
OEEmAjTb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. & p. 
KOMy? qxo?-|-*n/. / p. also no- 
o6ema|xb, -ro, -emb, -IOT to promise 
fl o6emaio BiinojiHHXb eamy npocb- 
6y. 7 promise to fulfil your re- 
quest. H ooemaio, **xo npn^y K BaM 
ceroAHH BeqepOM. / promise to come 
and see you this evening. OH (no)- 
oSemaji yanaxb o speMenn co6pa- 
HHH. He promised to find out the 
time of the meeting. 

OEfiflETb see OEH3KAlb 
OEflAETbCH see OBHJKATbCH 

OEflflHO predic. impers. (to be) 
sorry; (to be) offended 
Mne oSiiflHO, qxo H ne nonaji B 
xeaxp. 7 am sorry I didn't get to 
the theatre. 

OEHJKAjTb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. K o- 
r 6? / p. o6n|fleTb, ->Ky, -^nmb, -JI;HT 
to offend, to ill-treat 
060AeTb APyra. To offend a friend. 
Hejibsfi o6n?KaTb MajienbKHx. You 
m-ustn't ill-treat the little ones. 

OEH5KA|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -K>TCH 
imp. na KOTO? na HT 6?/ 
p. o6ii|fleTbCH, -JKycb, -^anibCH, -JJ;HT- 
CH to take offence, to be offended 
06,n;eTbCH Ha 6paxa. To take offence 
at one's brother. He o6HH<aHCH Ha 
MOH CJiOBa! Don't be offended at my 
words/ 

CEJIAKIO neut., pi. -a 

1. cloud. JJojKAeBoe oSjiano. A 
raincloud. TpoaoBBie oSjiana. 
Thunderclouds. 

2. fig. cloud. OSjiaKO HHJIH. A dust 
cloud. 

OBJIACT|b /., gen. pi. -en 

1. region. 06JiacTb Jiecos. The for- 
est region. 

2. region. ApxanreJibCKan 66jiacxb. 
The Arkhangelsk region. 

3. field. Hoeafl 66jiacxb nayKH. A 
new field of science. 

4. region. 06jiacxb cep/ma. The re- 
gion of the heart. 

64002 



OEMAH^Tb see OEMAHblBATb 
OBMAHbIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 
K o r 6?/p. pSManyxb, o6Many, o6Ma- 
Hemb, o6M3Hyx to deceive 
ToBapnm roBopiiJi, qxo npn^ex, HO 
oSManyji: ne npnmeji. The friend 
said he would come, but he didn't 
keep his word. 

<> OSnaeyTb iiajie;Kju,i. To dis- 
appoint somebody's hopes. OGMaeyxb 
jionepno. To betray somebody's trust 
OEMEHflTbCH see MHHTbCH, 1 
OEHHMA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox Imp. 
KOTO?//). oSnflxb, o6HHMy, o6nH- 
Memb, oSHHMyx, past 66Hflji, -a, 
66HHJIH to embrace 
OSHHXb Apyra. To embrace one's 
friend. 06HHXb cxapyro Maxb. To 
embrace one's old mother. 
OBHHMA|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -roxca 

imp. C K e M?/p. o6HHXbCH, 06HH- 

Mycb, oSHHMembCH, oSHHMyxca, 
past o6HH|jicH, -jiacb, -jincb to 
embrace 

KpenKO oSHHxtca c xoBapHm;eM. To 
embrace one's friend heartily. 
OEHflTb see OBHHMATb 
OBHHTbCH see OBHHMATbCH 
OEOftTfl see OBXO^flTb 
OEOPOHA /., no pi. defence 
OEOPy/JOBAHHE neut., no pi. equip- 
ment 

HoBefimee o6opyn;oBaHHe. The most 
up-to-date equipment. 
OEPAJJOBATb see PA^OBATb 
OEPA^OBATbCH see PAJJOBATbCH 
OEPA3 m. 

1. character. JlHxepaxypmjH 66pa3. 
A literary character. 

2. way. 06paa JKHSHH, MWCJIH. A 
way of life, of thinking. 

<> TaKHM oopaaoM. So; thus. TjiaB- 
IIMM oopa.ioM. Mainly. 

OEPA30BAHHE neut., no pi., educa- 
tion 

IIpaBO Ha o6pa.30BaHHe. The right 
to education. Bbicmee o6pa3OBaHne. 
Higher education. HoJiyHHXb o6pa- 
BOBaHHe. To be educated. Kanoe y 
Bac o6pa30BaHne? What education 
have you? 

OEPA3|OBATb, -^ro, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. & p. qxo? 

1. to set up. 06pa30Baxb KOMHC- 
CHK). To set up a commission. 



OEP 



82 



OBT> 



2. to form, to make up. .ZJaa axoMa 
BOAOpoAa H axoM KHCJioppAa 06- 
paayioi MOJieKyay BOAM. Two 
atoms of hydrogen and one atom 
of oxygen make up a molecule of 
water. 

OEPA3|OBATbCH, 1st & 2nd f per s. 
not used, 3rd pers. yexcn, -yioxcn 
imp. & p. to be formed 
06pa30BaJiocb nosoe rocyflapcxBO. 
A new state was formed. B pesyJib- 
xaxe xHMHieCKOH peaKn,HH o6pa- 
syexcfl Hofioe Bemecxso. As a re- 
sult of a chemical reaction a new 
substance is formed. 
OEPATftTb see OEPAIIjATb 
OEPATflTbCH see OBPA^ATbCH 
OEPATfllblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 06- 
paxHo return 

06paxHUH 6HJI6T. A return ticket. 
Ha o6paxHOM nyxn. On one's return 
journey. Ty^a OH exaJi na noes^e, 
a oSpaxHO Jiexea caMOJiexoM. He 
went there by train and came back 
by plane. 

-K>, -enib, -KT imp. 
T o?//>. o6pa|xHXb, -my, -xiimb, 

-THT 

06paxiixb BHHMaHHe. To pay atten- 

tion. 06paTHTC BHHMaHHG Ha 3TOFO 

HCJiOBeKa! Look at that man! 
OEPAmAjTBCH, -rocb, -emLca, -K>TCH 
imp. K KOMy? K HCM y?/p. o6pa|- 

THTbCfl, -myCb, -THmbCJI, -THTCH to 

turn (to), to address, to apply 
06paTHTbCH K co6paBmHMCfl. To 
address a meeting. 06paTHTbCH c 
npocb6oH K flHpeKTOpy. To address 
a request to the director. 06paTHTb- 
CH K spaiy aa COBCTOM. To turn to 
a doctor for advice. 
OBCTAHOBKA /., no pi. 

1. furniture. 06cxaHOBKa 
The furniture of the room. 

2. situation, atmosphere. 
HapoAHan oScxaHOBKa. The inter- 
national situation Bece^a 
nponuia B npyjKecxBeHHOH o6cxa- 
HOBKC. The conversation took 
place in a friendly atmosphere. 

OBCYAflTb see OECyJKflATb 
OECy5K,H;A|Tb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp. 



, oGcy^Hx to discuss 

BajKHbiH Bonpoc. To 
discuss an important question. 06cy- 



HOBblH KHHO(|)ITJIbM, 

To discuss a new film, a report. 
OBYBb f., no pi. footwear 
OEXOftftTb, oSxojKy, oSxoAHmb, 06- 

XOAHX imp. KOTO? nxo?/p. o6oH|- 

TH, -AV, -Aemb, -Ayx, past o6ome'ji, 

o6omji|a, -6, -H 

1. to go round. OGonxn Bonpyr AO- 
Ma. To go round the house. 

2. to go round. 06onxH Jiywy. To 
go round a puddle. 06oHXH ropy. 
To go round a hill. 

3. to visit. 06oHXH see MaraaHHH. 
To visit all the shops. 

OEIIJEHCflTHE neut. hostel 

GxyAeHqecKoe o6m;e>KHXHe. A stu- 
dents' hostel. JKnxb B o6m;eH{iixHH. 
To live at a hostel. 

OEIIJECTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we 

1. social. 06mecxseHHHH cxpofi. 
Social system. 

2. social, public. 06m,ecxBeHHafl pa- 
-66xa. Social work. 06m;ecxBeHHbie 

opraHH3an,HH. Public organisa- 
tions. 

<> OSmecTBeHHbifi ^eHTejib. A 

public figure. 
OEmECTBO neut. 

1. society. KoMMyHHCxifaecKoe 66- 
m;ecxBO. Communist society. Byp- 
>Kya3Hoe 66mecxBO. Bourgeois 
society. 

2. society. Hay^moe 66m;ecxBp. A 
scientific society. CnopXHBHoe 
66n;ecxBO. A sports society. 06- 
mecxBO Apy6bi c sapy6eHHMn 
cxpanaMH. A society of friend- 
ship with foreign countries. 

OEmiHfl, -an,' -ee, -He 

1. common. 06m;He HHxepecbi. Com- 
mon interests. 06mee HMymecx- 
BO. Common property. V HHX Bee 
66m;ee. They have everything in 
common. 

2. general. 06mHe Bonpocbi. Gen- 
eral questions. 

<0> Hex (or HC HMexb) HHMero 66- 
mero c KeM-/qeM-jiH6o. To have 
nothing to do with somebody /some- 
thing. B 66ii;cM. In general. 
OETjEflHHfiTb see OBT>EJ]iHHHTb 
OET>EAHHflTbCH see OBT>EAH- 

HUTbCH 

OB'bE.UHHUlTb, -H), -emb, -rox imp. 
K o r 6? H x o?//>. 06-beAHHliixb, -16, 
-Hmb, -HX to unite 



OET> 



83 



oro 



CHJIbI CopIJOB 3a M0p. 

To unite the efforts of the cham- 
pions of peace. 
OE p bE#HHH|TBCH, - roci> ' -embca, 

-IOTCH imp. C K6M? C H 6 M?/ 
p. o6teAHH|HTbCa, -K)Cb, -JffllbCa, -HT- 

CH to unite 

OHU ofybeAHHHJincb c ^pyrHM KOJI- 

XO30M flJIH nOCXpOHKH 66m;eH 3JI6K- 

TpocxaHijHH. They pooled together 
resources with another collective 
farm to build a common electric pow- 
er station. 

OET>EM m. volume 

06teM xejia. The volume of a body. 

OE'bHBftTb see OETbHBJIflTb 

OET>HBJIEHHE neut. 

1. announcement. OS-baBJieHHe o 
co6paHHH. Announcement of a 
meeting. 

2. advertisement, notice, ^ocna 

A notice board. 
o6T>HBJieHHe B rasexy. To 
put an advertisement in a news- 
paper. 
OETbHBJlUlTb, -K>, -emb, -K>T imp. 

q T 0? HC M?/p. o6T>HBHTb, o6l>HB- 

JIK), o6T>HBHinb, oS^HBHT to an- 

nounce, to declare 

06tHBHTb o pemeHHH. To announce 

a decision. 06i.HB0Tb Bonny. To 

declare war. 

<> O6i>HBHTb Sjiaro^apHOCTb. To 

express one's gratitude. 
OET>flCHflTb see OET>HCHHTb 
OE'bflCHUlTb, -ro, -emb, -H)T imp. 

H T 0? K M V? / P. oS-LHCHlHTb, -K), 

-jimb, -HT to explain 
. OSTaflCHHTb ypoK. To explain a les- 
son. 06i>HCHHTb 3aAa T iy. To explain 
a task. 06'f>HCHHTb CBOIO Mbicjib. To 
explain one's idea. ITpeno^aBaTeJib 
oCtHCHHJi ciyfleHTaM Tpy^Hoe npa- 
BHJIO. The teacher was explaining a 
difficult rule to the students. 

OEbIKHOBEHH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He 
ordinary 

OStiKHOBeHHHH HeJioBeK. An ordi- 
nary man. OGbiKHOBeHHan pa66xa. 
Ordinary work. 

OEb'IHAfl m. custom 

HanHonajibHbie oCtiHaH. National 
customs. 

OEKIMHO adv. usually 

06brrao H Bciaio B 7 nacos yxpa. 

6* 



/ usually get up at 7 o'clock in the 
morning. 

, -aH, -oe, -tie ordinary 
#eHb. An ordinary day. 

OEHSAHHOCTb /. duty, obligation 
npaea H odnaaHHOCTH. Rights and 
obligations. 

OEH3ATEJlbHO adv. by all means, 
certainly, without fail 
9xy pa66xy nazto odHsaxejibHO c^e- 
Jiaib ceroAHfl. This work must be 
done today without fail. 06H3^xeJib- 
HO nocMoxpnxe axy KHHOKapxn- 
ny. Make sure you see this film. 
H npn^y K BaM o6H3axejibno. /'// 
certainly come to see you. 

OBJIAftEBAITb, -K), -enib, -iox imp. 
K e M? H e M? I p. OBJia^elxb, -10, 
-emb, -rox to seize, to master 
OBJia^exb Kpenocxbio. To seize a 
fortress. OBJia^exb HSLIKOM. To mas- 
ter a language. OBJia^eBaxb 3HaHHH- 
MH. To get knowledge. OBJia^exb no- 
BOH cnenaaJibHOcxbio. To master a 
new speciality. 

OBJIAtfETb see OB-JTA^EBATb 

OBOIU,|H pl. t gen. pi. -en vegetables 
CBejKHe oBoni,H. Fresh vegetables. 
PaHHne OBom,H. Early vegetables. 

OrJlHftMBAITbCH, -iocb, -enibcn, 
-IOXCH imp. I p. orJianyxbCH, OFJIH- 
nycb, orjiflnembCH, orJiflnyxcn to 
glance back 

OrJiHHyxbCH nasa/i;. To glance back. 
H 6wcxpo orJianyjicH. 7 glanced 
back quickly. 

OrjIflHYTbCa see 
CH 

OFOHb m., jen. orim; pi. ormi 

1. no pi. fire. HPKHH oronb B 
A bright fire in the stove. 

2. light. SajKe^b oronb. To switch on 
the light. HoracHXb oronb. To 
switch off the light. Ornii ropo^a. 
The lights of the. city. 

<> EoflTbCH KaK orna. Cf. To fear 
like death. HATH B oronb u BO- 
Ay aa K6M-JiH6o, 3a Koro-Ji06o. 
Cf. To go through thick and thin 
after, for somebody. Hex A^M* 
6ea ornfl (proverb). There is no 
smoke without a fire. 
OrOPO/J m. kitchen-garden 

EoJibmoH oropoA- A large kitchen- 
garden. Paooxaxb na oropoAe. To 
work in the kitchen-garden. B oropoAe 



or? 



84 



OKA 



pacxex KapTO$>eJib. Potatoes grow 
in the kitchen-garden. 

OFPOMHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form orpoMee, orpoMH|a, -o, -bi 
huge, great 

OrpoMHbiH ropofl. A huge city. Or- 
poMHbie B03Mo>KHOCXH. Great possi- 
bilities. OrpoMHbiH ycnex. Great 
success. 

OryP|EIJ m., gen. -n.a cucumber 

Panmie orypn>i. Early cucumbers. 
CoJi&Hbie orypn.bi. Salted cucumbers. 

O#EBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -JOT imp. KO- 
TO? BO HTO?/P. Ofle|Tb, -ny, 
-nerab, -nyx to dress 
OAesaxb peSe'HKa. To dress the 
child. OAexb peSenna B HOBOO 
miaxbe. To dress the child in a 
new dress. 

OftEBAjTbCfl, -rocb, -enibCH, -K>XCH 
imp. BO qxo?/p. OAe|xbCH, -Hycb, 
-HembCH, -Hyxca to dress 
SHMOH HaAO xenjio OAeBaxbCH. You 
must dress in warm clothes in win- 
ter. Xopomo OAesaxbCH. To dress 
well. OAexbCH BO Bee HOBOO. To be 
dressed in new clothes. OAesaxbC 
co BK.ycoM. To dress tastefully. 

OflESKflA /., no pi. clothes 

PaSoian OA6>KAa. Working clothes. 
BepXHHH OAe>KAa. Outdoor clothes. 

OIIETb see OAEBATb 

OAETbCH see OAEBATbCH 

OftEHJIO neut. blanket; quilt 

BaxHoe OAeflJio. A quilt. HaKpu- 
BaibCH OAeaJioM. To cover oneself 
with a blanket.^ 

, OAna, OAHO, OAHH pron. 

1. alone, fl >KHBy OAMH. / live alone. 
H ne JiioSjiro ryjiaxb oAHa. / 
don't like walking alone. 

2. alone, only, fl OAH Mory axo 
CASJiaxb. / alone can do this. 

3. one OAHH MOH APyr (OAHH H3 
MOMX Apy3 H ) paccKaaaji MHO 
HHxepecnyiO ncxopnio. A friend 
of mine told me an interesting 
story. 

4. the same. MM yqnMca na OAHOM 
Kypce. We are in the same 
course. 

5. used as n. one. OAHH nome'ji na- 
jieso, ApyroH HanpaBo. One 
went to the left; the other, to 
the right. 



, -an, -oe, -we, short 
form OAHH3KOB, -a, -o, -H; adv. 
OAHnaKOBo same, identical 

3XH HJiaXbH COBC6M OAHHaKOBbie. 

These dresses are quite identical. 
y HHX OAHHaKOBbie BarjiHAH na 
Jinxepaxypy. They have the same 
ideas on literature. 

OflHHOKIHft, -an, -oe, -He, short 
form OAHHOK, -a, -o, -H; adv. OAH- 
HOKO 

1. lonely. OAHHOKHH HejioseK. A 
lonely man. 

2. solitary. OAHHOKOO Aepeso. A 
solitary tree. 

3. lonely. OAHHOKaa WH3Hb. A lone- 
ly life. 

0,IJHA5K#bI adv. once, one day 
O^HAKO conj. however 

ftOJKAb JIHJI KaK H3 B6Apa, OAHaKO 

pa66xa ne npeKpamajiacb. The rain 
fell in torrents, but the work never 
stopped. 

OflHOBPEMEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie; 
adv. oAHOBpeMOHHO simultaneous 
Mbi OAHOBpeMeHHo npnexajiH na 
BOKaaJi. We arrived at the station 
at the same time. 
C3EPO neut., pi. oaepa lake 

Oaepo BanKaJi. Lake Baikal. }Ke- 
HeBCKoe oaepo. The Lake of Geneva. 
OKA3ATb see OKA3bIBATb 
OKA3ATbCH see OKA3bIBATbCfl 
OKA3blBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 
Hxo?KoMy? na KOT 6?//>. OKa- 
aaxb, oKawy, OKamemb, oKajKyx 
to render, to offer, to exert 
OKB3biBaxb noMOmb. To render as- 
sistance. OKaswBaxb conpoxHBjie- 
Hne. To offer resistance. OKasbiBaxb 
BjiHflHHe (na Koro, ixo). To influ- 
ence (somebody). 

OKA3bIBA|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -rox- 
CH imp. I p. OKasaxbCH, 



1. K e M? K a K H M? to turn out to 
be. OH oKasaJicfl onenb nnxe- 
pecHMM HejiOBOKOM. He turned 
out to be a very interesting man. 

2. to find oneself. HeowHAanHO MM 
OKasaJiHCb na nesnaKOMOH yjin- 
i;e. Suddenly we found ourselves 
in an unfamiliar street. OKSL- 

3aXbCH B XpyAHOM nOJIOJKeHHH. 

To find oneself in a difficult 
situation. 



OKA 



85 



OHA 



3. par en. word OKastiBaexcH, Be"- 
qep 6yflex ne B cy666xy, a B 
BocKpecenbe. The evening-party 
is in fact to take place on Sun- 
day and not on Saturday. 
OKAH^HBAITb, -TO, -emb, -K>T imp. 

HXO?/p. OKOHH|HXb, -y, -HIIIB, -ax 

to finish 

OKOHHHTB pa66xy. To finish work. 
OKOHHHXb nmoJiy. To finish school. 
OKOHHHTb HHCxnxyx. To graduate 
from the institute. 

OKAHHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -ercn, -IOTCH, 

imp. H6M? I p. OKOHq|HXbCH, 1st & 

2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, 
-axcfl to end 

CneKxaKJib OKOHIHJICH nos^no. The 
performance ended late. 

OKEAH m. ocean 

THXHH pKean. The Pacific Ocean. 
AxJiaHTH^ecKHH OKean. Atlantic 
Ocean. Hapoxotf naxoAHXCH cen^ac 
B OKeane. The ship is now at sea. 

OKHO neut., pi. OKHa, OKOH, oKHaM, 
etc. window 

OKHa BuxoAflX na yjiimy. The win- 
dows overlook the street. CMOXpexb 
B OKHO. To look through the win- 
dow. CMOXpexb H3 OKHa. To look 
out of the window. 

GKOJIO prep. 4- gen. 

1. near. OKOJIO Marasiraa CTOHJIO 
MHoro napoAa. There were many 
people near the shop. OH ceji OKO- 
JIO MCHH. He sat down beside me. 

2. about. MH ryjrajra OKOJIO Byx 
lacoB. We walked for about two 
hours. 

OKOH^AHHE neut. completion, 
end(in^) 

OKOH^aHHe cxpoRxejibcxsa. The 
completion of the construction. 
OKOHqanne ceanca. The end of a 
performance. 

<> OKoe^aHHe cjieflyeT. To be con- 
tinued. 

OKOHHHTb see OKAH^HBATB 
OKCHHHTtCH seeOKAHHHBATBCH 
OKPEnHYTb see KPEnHYTb 
OKPyacAlTb, -K>, -emb, -K>T imp. 

KOTO? HTO? H e M?//?. OKpyw|lfTb, 

-y, -nmb, -ax 

1. to surround. /Jem oKpy^HJin 

MaTb. The children surrounded 

their mother. 



2. usu. no p. to surround, 
HK> co Bcex CTOPOH 

jieca. The village was completely 
surrounded by woods. 

3. fig. to surround. OKpyjKHTb aa- 
66TOH. To surround with solici- 
tude. 



OKTflEPjb m., gen. -A October 

OH pron., m., gen., ace. ero [-BO], dat. 
eMy, instr. HM, prepos. o HCM he, it 
OH npnexaji H3 CDpaHn;HH. He came 
from France. GTOJiHn.a Opan- 
HHH IlapHJK. OH CTOHT Ha Gene. 
The capital of France is Paris. It 
is situated on the Seine. 

OHA pron., /., gen., ace. ee, dat. en, 
instr. ero, prepos. o HBH she, it 
Ona OTjjLixajia na HepnoM Mope. 
She spent her holidays at the Black 
Sea. OTKyaa y sac 9Ta KHnra? 
H KynKJi ee B KHHJKHOM MarasMne. 
"Where did you get that book?" "7 
bought it at a bookshop." 

OHfl pron., pi., gen., ace. HX, dat. 
HM, instr. I'JMH, prepos. o HHX they 
Omi MHoro cnopnjiH o JiHTepaxy- 
pe. They argued a lot about litera- 
ture. B nameM ca/iy pacxyT HseTLi. 
OHH oHOHb KpacMBbi. There are 
flowers in our garden. They are 
very beautiful. 

OHO pron., neut., gen., ace. ero [-BO], 
dat. eMy, instr. HM, prepos. o HCM it 
H6JIOKO ynajio. OHO JICJKIIT na 36M- 
Jie. The apple has dropped. It is 
on the ground. 

OIlA3#I>IBA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 
Ky^a? na CKoJibKo? &-|- 
inf. I p. ono3,na|Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT 
to be late 

CTyACHT onosAaJi na ypoK. The 
student was late for his lesson. BLI 
onosAaJin na 15 MHHyT. You are 
15 minutes late. MM onosAaJin K 
Ha^aJiy cneKiaKJifl. We were too 
late for the beginning of the per- 
formance. H onosflaji nocMOipeTb 
3xy KapTHHy. / missed that film. 

OHACHOCTb /. danger 

HoflBepraTbcfl onacnocTH. To be 
exposed to danger. Bbixb B onacnoc- 
TH. To be in danger. HaM rp03HT 
onacHOCxb. We are in danger. 
HsSeTKaxb onacHOCxn. To escape 
danger. 



OIIA 



86 



opr 



OIlACH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. onac- 
HO dangerous 

OnacHHH cJiy^aH. A dangerous 
case. Onacnaa pa66xa. Dangerous 
work. IIo 3TOH Aopore HATH onac- 
HO. It's dangerous to go along that 
road. 

OHEPA /. 

1. opera. CJiymaxb onepy. To listen 
to an opera. Kynnxb BmiexH na 
onepy. To buy tickets for the 
opera. 

2. opera. Teaxp onepu H 6ajiexa. 
A theatre of opera and ballet. 

OHEPAIJHH /. operation 

Xnpypr c^eJiaJi cjio^Knyio onepa- 
n,HK). The surgeon performed a dif- 
ficult operation. OnepaijHfl Ha cepA- 
n,e. A heart operation. 

see OIIA3nbIBATb 
see OUPABflblBATb 

-H), -enib, -IOT 
imp. K o r 6? H T o? H e M?/p. on- 
paBA&lxb, -K), -emb, -IOT 

1. to acquit. CyA ero onpaBAaji. 
He was acquitted by the court. 

2. to justify. OH onpaBAWBaJi CHOC 
oxcyxcxBHe na saHaxjiax oojiea- 
HbK). He tried to justify his 
absence from the lessons by his 
illness. 

<> OnpaBAweaTb AOBepne (KOPO- 
jiH6o). To justify (somebody's) con- 
fidence. 

OIIPEJJEJIEHHE neut. definition 
To^Hoe onpeAeJieHHe. An exact defi- 
nition. MeiKoe oupeAeJieHHe. A 
precise definition. ^aiL onpeAeJie- 
Hue. To give a definition. 

OnPEJJEJlEHHIblM, -an, -oe, -He 

1. definite. OnpeAeJie'HHLiH oiBei. 
A definite answer. 

2. certain. OnpeACJieHHbiii 
A certain order. 

OnPEflEJlflTb see 
OIIPE#EJlH|Tb, -K), -erab, -K>T imp. 

ITO? I p. onpeAeJi|HTb, -K>, -Hmb, 

-HT 

1. to define. OnpeAeJiHTb ceoe OT- 
HOineHiie K co6biTHHM. To define 
one's attitude towards events. 

2. to determine. OnpeAeJiHTb BCJIH- 
HHey. To determine a quantity. 
OnpeAeJinTb yroJi. To determine 
an angle. 



OIiyCKA|Tb, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. K o- 
r 6? ^ T o?//>. onycTHTb, onymy, 
onycTHrab, onycxHT 

1. to lower. OnycTWTb peGe'HKa Ha 
noJi. To put the child on the 
floor. OnycxMTb roJioey. To hang 
one's head. OnycTHTb rjiaaa. To 
lower one's eyes. OnycTHTb BO- 
POTHHK. To lower the collar. 

2. to drop. OnyciMTb nncbMo B 
fimHK. To drop a letter into a 
post-box. 

OnyCTflTb see OHYCKATb 
OflblT m. 

1. TIO pi. experience. JKiiaHenHbiH 
onbiT. Life's experience. Ontix 
pa66ibi. Experience of work. 
HMexb 6ojibra6n onbiT. To have 
great experience. HcnoJibsOBaxb 
CBOH onbix. To utilise one's ex- 
perience. 

2. experiment. XHMPi^ecKHeonbixbi. 
Chemical experiments. TIpOBO- 
AHXb onbixbi. To make experi- 
ments. B Jiaoopaxopnn HAGT 
onbiT. An experiment is in pro- 
gress in the laboratory. 

OnblTHIblH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
OHHXCH, 6nHXH|a, -o, -H 

1. experienced. OnbixHhifi paSoina. 
An experienced worker. Onnx- 
HHH pyKOBOAHxeJib. An experi- 
enced leader. OHHXHHH npenoAa- 
BaxeJib. An experienced teacher. 

2. only complete form experimental. 
Onnxnan pa66xa. Experimental 
work. Onnxnan ceJibCKOxoaflHcx- 
BeHHaa cxaHn;HH. An experimen- 
tal agricultural station. 

OIlHTb adv. again 

GeroAHH onaxb njioxan noroAa. 
We are having bad weather again 
today. 

OPFAH m. 

1. organ. Oprann pein. The organs 
of speech. Opran cjiyxa. The or- 
gan of hearing. OpraHH flbixa- 
HHH. Respiratory organs. 

2. organ. FocyAapcxBeHHHft opran. 
An organ of government. IlapXMH- 
HHe opraHH. Party organs. Op- 
raHH MHJIHIJHH. Militia organs. 

3. organ. Fasexa H3BecxHH 6p- 
raH IIpeaHAHyMa BepxoBHoro 
Gosexa GGCP. The newspaper 
Izvestia is the organ of the 



OFF 



87 



OCE 



Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 
of the USSR. 
OPrAHHSAIJHH /. 

1. no pi. organisation. OpraHHsanHH 
Benepa. Organisation of an 
enening- party. OpraHHsaijHH pa- 
66xhi. Organisation of work. Op- 
raHH3an;Hfl 9KcneAHn;HH. Organi- 
sation of an expedition. 

2. organisation. IlapxHHHaH opra- 
HHsan;Hfl. A party organisation. 
IIpo$coK)3HaH opraHH3an,HH. A 
trade-union organisation. 

OPrAHH3|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. & p. K o r 6? i T o? 

1. to organise. OprannsoBaxb SK- 
CKypcnro. To organise an excur- 
sion. OpramisoBaxb Be^ep caMO- 
AenxeJibHOcxH. To organise an 
amateur concert. 

2. to plan. OpraHHSOBaxb pa66- 
Ty. To plan work. OpraHHSOBaxb 
CBoe speMH. To plan one's time. 

OPJJEH m., pi. -a order 

HarpaAHXb 6pA6HOM. To award an 
order. IIoJiyHiixb 6pA6H. To receive 
an order. 

OPEJI m., gen. opjia eagle 

OPfiX m. nut 

Kpynnue opexn. Large nuts. MeJi- 
Kne opexH. Small nuts. JlecHbie ope- 
XH. Hazel nuts. KOKOCOBMC opexn. 
Coco-nuts. FpeijKHe opexii. Walnuts. 
KojioTb opexH. To crack nuts. 

OPKECTP m. orchestra 

GHM^OHHHecKHH opKecxp. A sym- 
phony orchestra. Opnecxp no^ ynpas- 
jienneM AHpn?Kepa MpasiracKoro. 
An orchestra conducted by Mravin 
sky. OpKecTp HcnojiHaex 5-yio CHM- 
$OHHIO HanKOBCKoro. The orchestra 
is playing Tchaikovsky's 5th sym- 
phony. KoHn,epT Jm (^opxennaHO c 
opnecxpOM. A concerto for piano and 
orchestra. 

OPOCflTb see OPOfflATb 

OPOfflA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp. 
H T o?/p. opo|cHXb, -my, -cianib, 
-CHT to irrigate 

Opomaxb cxenn. To irrigate the 
steppes. 

neut. 

i. implement. OP^AHH nponsBOA- 
cxfia. Implements of production. 



CeJIbCKOXOSHHCXBeHHLie 

Agricultural implements. 
2. gun. ApxHJiJiepiracKoe opyAne. 

Piece of ordnance. 
OP^JKHE neut., no pi. 

1. weapon. GospeMeHHoe opyjKne. 
A modern weapon. 

2. fig. weapon. Henaxb Mory^ee 
opyHcne. The press is a mighty 
weapon. 

OCBAHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

H T O?//?. OCBOJHXb, -ro, -Hnib, -HX to 

master 

OcBonxb HoBue MexoAbi paSoxbi. 

To master new methods of work. 

OcBanBaxb noBtie SOMJIH. To bring 

new land under cultivation. OCBO- 

nxb HOBtiH cxanoK. To learn to use 

a new machine-tool. 
OCBETflTb see OCBEiqATb 
OCBEmA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

K o r 6? H x o? / p. ocBe|xHXb, -my, 

-xamb, -xax to light 

HacxoJibHan JiaMna xopomo ocBe- 

m;aex cxoji. A desk-lamp lights the 

desk well. 

OCBOEOJJftTb see OCBOEOJKJJATb 
OCBOBOAflTbCH see OCBOEOHC- 

JUATbCH 
OCBOBOHCAAITb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

KOTO? HXO? ox Koro?ox ^e- 

r 6? / p. ocBo6o|A0Tb, -T 



1. to free. OcBoSoAHXb napoAH ox 
paScxsa H yrnexeHHH. To free the 
peoples from slavery and oppres- 
sion. 

2. to vacate. OcsoGoAHXb Mecxo. 
To vacate a place. 

OCBOBO3K/JA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, 
-roxcn imp. ox KOTO? ox He- 
ro? & without an object / p. OCBO- 
6o|AHXbca, -JKycfc, -AMmbCfl, -A^XCH 

1. to free oneself. OcBo6oAHXbCH ox 
rnexa, ox pa6cxsa. To free one- 
self from oppression, from slavery. 

2. to get free. H ocBo6oAHJicH ce- 
TOAHH B 6 HacoB. / was free at 6 

o'clock today. 

3. to become vacant. Mecxo sa cxo- 
JIOM ocBo6oAHJiocb. The seat at 
the table became vacant. 

OCBOHTb see OCBAHBATb 
OCHH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne autumn 

OceHHHH A6Hb. An autumn day. 

Ocennee naJibxo. An autumn coat. 



OCE 



88 



OCT 



OCEHb /., TIO pi. autumn 

3oJiOT3H oceHb. A golden autumn. 

IIoaAHflfl oceHb. Late autumn. 
OCEHbK) adv. K o r jj, a? in autumn 

Ocenbio aflecb HacTo HAVT AOJK.HH. 

It often rains here in autumn. 
OCKOPEftTb see OCKOPEJIflTb 
OCKOPEJlfl|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 

K O r 6? H X 0? H e M?//). OCKOp|6HXb, 

-6JiK>, -6wmb, -6HT to insult 
OcKOp6nxb HGJiOBeKa. To insult a 
person. Bamn cjioea MGHH rJiy6oK<3 
ocKOpSriJiH. Your words were a grave 
insult to me. 

OCJIAEHTb see OCJIAEJIflTb 
OCJIABJlH|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
K o r 6? H x o?/p. ocjia|6HXb, -6Jiio, 
-6nmb, -6HT 

1. to weaken. BoJiesnb ocjia6nJia 
ero opramisM. The illness had 
weakened his organism. 

2. fig. to relax. Ocjia6nxb BHHMaHne. 
To relax attention. 

OCMATPHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. 
K o r 6? H x o?/p. ocinoxpexb, OCMOT- 

pK), OCMOXpHlrib, OCMOXpflX 

1. to see. OcMaxpuBaTb Mysen, 

BHCTaBKH, KapTHHhl. To S66 mu- 

seums, exhibitions, pictures. 

2. to examine. Bpaq ocMOxpeJi 6ojib- 
Horo. The doctor examined the 
patient. 

OCMOTPfiTb see OCMATPHBATb 
OCHOBA /. 

1. basis. OCHOBOH flOKJia^a CLIJIH 
c66cTBeHHue Bne^aTJieHiiH aBio- 
pa. The report was based on the 
author's own impressions. 

2. only pi. fundamentals. OCHOBLI 
reoJiornn. Foundations of geology. 

<0 Ha OCHOBG uiibira. On the basis 
of experience. 
OCHOBATEJlb m. founder 

OcHOBaxeJib y^enHH, xeopHH, Hay- 
KH. The founder of a teaching, theo- 
ry, science. OcHOBaxeJib ropo^a. 
The founder of the city. 
OCHOBATb see OCHOBblBATb 
OCHOBHIOfl, -an, -6e, -ue cardinal, 
basic 

OCIIOBHOH Bonpoc MeHCflynapoAHOH 
oGcxaHOBKH. The main problem of 
the international situation. B OCHOB- 
HOM BLI npaBbi. On the whole you 
are right. 



OCHOBbIBA|Tb, -ro, -crab, -iox imp. 
HXO? / p. ocHJOBaxb, -yio, -yemb, 
-yrox 

1. to found. OcHOsaxb r6poA- To 
found a city. OcHOBaxb ynHBep- 
CHxex. To found a university. 

2. to base. Ha HBM BM ocnoBbiBae- 
xe same MneHne? What do you 
base your opinion on? 

OCOBEHHOCTb /. peculiarity 

Oc66eHHOCXH pa66xu. Peculiarities 
of a work. XyAOHsecxBenHbie oco- 
6eHHOCXH pOMana. The artistic pe- 
culiarities of a novel. OcoGennocxH 
xapanxepa Sxoro qejioseKa. The 
peculiar features of that man's 
character. 
<C> B oc66eHHOCTH. In particular. 

OCOBEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 
oc66enHO 

1. particular, especial. Oc66eHHbra 
ycnex HMCJIO BbicxynjieHne MO- 
JPOAOH neBHn;bi. The perform- 
ance of the young singer was par- 
ticularly successful. 

2. peculiar. V nee KanoH-xo oco- 
6eHHHH KOCXIOM. She wears a 
somewhat unusual costume. 

OCTAJBATbCH, -rocb, -embca, -roxcfl 
imp. I p. ocxa|xbCH, -nycb, -nembcfl, 

-HyXCH 

1. to remain. IlocJie 
HHCxnxyxa H ocxajicn B 
ropofle. On graduating from the 
institute I remained in my na- 
tive town. 

2. to remain. OH o^enb HSMenHJi- 
CH, xdJibKO rJiasa ocxajincb 
npe>KHHMH. He has changed a lot, 
only his eyes are still the same. 

3. to be left. OH ocxajicfl cnpoxon. 
He was left an orphan. V MCHH 
ocxajiocb 10 py6JieH. 7 have 
10 roubles left. #e"TH O cxa- 
Jincb 6ea pOAHxeJien. The child- 
ren were left without parents. 

<> OcxaTbCfl B WHBbix. To remain 
alive. OcTEBaTbCfl np CBOCM MHB- 
Hnii. To remain of the same opin- 
ion. 

OCTABHTb see OCTABJlHTb 
OCTABJlH|Tb, -ro, -emb, -K>X imp. 
K o r 6? H x o? / p. ocxa|BHXb, -BJIIO, 

-BHinb, -BHX 

1. to leave. Ocxaanxb xexpaA^ AO- 
Ma. To leave a copy-book a t home. 



OCT 



89 



ocy 



2. to leave. OH ocxaBHJi apyry aa- 
nHCKy. He left a note for his 
friend. 

3. to leave. Maxb ocxaBHJia fl6jioKH 
AJIH A6Te"H. The mother left the 
apples for her children. 

4. to leave. OcxaBHXb po^HoH AOM. 
To leave one's home. 

5. to leave alone (only imper.). Oc- 
TaBb peSenKa, He xporaH ero! 
Leave the child alone, don't touch 
him! 

OCTAJIbH|Gfl, -an, -6e, -He 

1. (the) rest. B HioJie cxyAenxn 
CHJIH B AOMe oxAHxa, ocxaJib- 
Hyro nacTb KaHirayji OHH npo- 

BCJIH B TypWCXCKOM EOXOflC. In 

July the students were at a rest- 
-home, the rest of their holidays 
they spent hiking. 3xo a6Jio- 

KO OCXaBb MH6, a OCXaJIbHbie 

B03bMH ce6e. Leave that apple 
for me, and take the rest. 

2. used as n., pi. the rest. Mbi c 
HaBJiOM npmnjiii B 6 nacos, oc- 
xaJibHHe nosAHee. Pavel and I 
came at 6 o'clock; the rest came 
later. 

OCTAHABJlHBAjTb, -10, -emb, -IOT 
imp. K o r 6? *i T o?//>. ocxa|HOBiiTb, 

-HOBJIK), -HOBHmb, -HOBHT 

1. to stop. OcTanoBiiTb 6erymero 
qeJiOBena. To stop a running 
man. OcTanoBiiTb noeaA CTOH- 
KpaHOM. To stop the train with 
the emergency brake. Oc 
pa6oTbi. To cease work. 

2. to rest. OcTaHOBHTb 

Ha KapTHHe. To rest ones gaze 
on a picture. 

3.: OH He anaji, na HCM ocxaHOBHTb 
CBOH Bbi6op. He didn't know 
what to fix his choice on. 
OCTAHABJIHBA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, 

-K)TCfl imp. TA6?/p. OCTa|HOBHTbCH, 
-HOBJIMCb, -HOBHHIbCfl, -HOBHTCH 

1. to stop. BApyr noes A ocTaHOBiiji- 
CH. The train suddenly stopped. 

2. to stop working. CxaHOK ocxa- 

HOBIJJICH H3-3a TOFO, HTO H6 

6biJio 9JieKTpoaHeprHH. The 
machine-tool stopped working be- 
cause of a power failure. 

3. fig. to deal. Hpo^eccop B CBOCH 

ocTaHOBHJicfl Ha npo6jie- 

COBPOM9HHOH TCXHHKH. 



In his lecture the professor dealt 
with the problems of modern 
technology. 

4. to put up. OcxaHOBHTbCfl B roc- 

THHHne. To put up at a hotel. 

OCTAHOBfiTb see OCTAHABJ1H- 

BATb 
OCTAHOBflTbCH see OCTAHABJTH- 

BATbCH 
OCTAHOB|KA /., gen. pi. -OK 

1. stop. CACJI Tb ocxaHOBKy. To 
stop. 

2. pause. FoBopnTb 6ea ocxanoBKH. 
To speak without stopping. 

3. stop. ABx66ycHan ocxanoBKa. A 
bus stop. Ha ocxanoBKe cxoajia 
rpynna cxyAenxoB. There was a 
group of students at the stop. 
KoHeHHan ocxanoBKa. A termi- 
nal. BaM HaAo exaxb 5 ocxano- 
BOK. You must get off at the 
sixth stop. HaM cxoA^xb na cjie- 
AyK)m,eH ocxanoBKe. We get off 
at the next stop. 

OCTATbCH see OCTABATbCH 

OCTOP05KH|blfi, -aa, -oe, -bie, short 
form ocxopoHten, ocxop6}KH|a, -o, 
-H; adv. ocxopoHmo careful 
OcxopoJKHbiH HeJiOBeK. A careful 
person. OH ocxopojKHO nocxaBiui na 
cxoJi Baay c nsexaMH. He put the 
vase of flowers on the table carefully. 
OcxopoJKHOl Take care! Be careful! 

OCTPOB m., pi -a island 

OCTPO^MHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short 
form ocxpoyMen, ocxpoyMH|a, -o, 
-H; adv. ocxpoyMHO witty 
OcxpoyMHHH neJioBeK. A witty 
person. OcxpoyMHHH oxsex. A witty 
answer. 

OCTP|blH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
ocxe'p, ocxpa, 6cxp|o, -H 

1. sharp. Ocxpna HOJK. A sharp 
knife. 

2. fig. keen, sharp. Ocxpoe speHne. 
Keen eyesight. OcipHH VM. A 
sharp wit. 

3. jig. sharp. Ocxpan 6oJib. A sharp 
pain. 

4. fig. pungent. Ocxpnn coyc. A 
pungent sauce. 

<C> OSxoAHTb ocTpwe yrjibi. To 
avoid all controversial subjects. 
OCyilJECTBflTb see 
JlHTb 



ocy 



90 



OTA 



OCymECTBflTbCH see OCyilJECTB- 
JlflTbCH 

OCymECTBJIfl|Tb, -to, -emb, -IOT 
imp. ^ T o?//>. ocymecT|B0Tb, -BJIK>, 
-BHmb, -BHT to realise 
OcymecTBHTb njian, Meqry, wejia- 
HHC. To realise a plan, one's dream, 
one's wish. OcyinecTBtfTb aJieKTpn- 

(|)HKan;HK> HapOAHOrO XOSHHCTBa. 

To electrify the national economy. 
OCymECTBJIfl|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 

not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -IOTCH 

imp. /p. ocymecTB|iiTbCH, 1st & 2nd 

pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, 

-HTCH to realise 

Ham HJian ocymecTBKJiCH. Our plan 

has been realised. 
OT (OTO) prep. -{-gen. 

1. from. Orbexaxb OT ropo/ja. To 
go a certain distance from the 
city. VexaTb OT pOAHtix. To go 
away from one's relatives. OT 
MocKBbi AO Jlemrarpafla. From 
Moscow to Leningrad. OT Tpe'x 
AO HHTH. From three to five. 

2. from. IIojiyHiiTb HHCLMO OT OT- 
H,a. To get a letter from one's 
father. VsHaTb HOBOCTH OT TO- 
Bapnma. To learn the news from 
one's friend. 

3. for. OT BOJIH6HHH OH HO MOf CKa- 

3aTb HH cJiosa. He couldn't utter 
a word for excitement. OT pa^QCTH. 
For joy. OT CTpaxa. For fear. 

4. to. KJIIOH OT KOMHaTbi. A key to 
a room. 

5. from, against. SamMTa OT spa- 
ra. Defence against the enemy. 
JleKapCTBo OT rpanna. A medi- 
cine for the 'flu. 

0> OT flyraa. Sincerely. OT ecero 
cepuqa. With all one's heart. OT 
HMCIIII Kor6-;jiioa. On some- 
body's behalf. 
OTBET m. 

1. answer. HanncaTb OTBOT. To 
write an answer. /JaTb OTBCT. To 
give an answer. OTBCT na nncb- 
MO. An answer to a letter. 

2. answer. Xoponraa OTB&T yneHH- 
nd Ha ypone. The pupil's good 
answer at a lesson. 

3. solution. OTBOT aaaaHH. The so- 
lution of a problem. IIpaBHJib- 
HWH OTBCT. A correct solution. 

OTBETHTb see OTBEHATb 



OTBETCTBEHHlbia, -a, -oe, -He 

adv. OTBeTCTseHHO responsible 
OTBeTCTBeHHbiH pa6oTHHK. A res- 
ponsible worker. OTBeTCTBeHHbiH pe- 
AaKTOp. The editor-in-chief. OTB6T- 
CTBeHHbiH aa paooTy. Responsible 
for the work. 
OTBEHA|TB, -ro, -emb, -K>T imp.jp. 

OTBC|THTb, -Hy, -THfflb, -THT 

1. HTO? KOMy? na HTO? to an- 
swer. OTBeTHTb apyry. To an- 
swer one's friend. OTBeTHTb Ha 
Bonpoc. To answer a, question. 
OTBeTHTb na nncbMo. To answer 
a letter. OTBenaTb ypoK. To say 
one's lesson. 

2. H e M? na H T 6? to return. OT- 
BenaTb ApyjKSon Ha ApyJK^y. To 
return somebody's friendship. 
OTseTHTb y^apoM Ha y^ap. To 
return blow for blow. 

3. He My? no p. to meet, to satisfy 
4)Ta "pa66ia. OTBeqaeT MOHM HH- 

TepecaM H jKeJiaHHHM. This work 
satisfies my interests and wishes. 

4. 3 a H T 6? no p. to be respon- 
sible. OTBenaTb aa pa6oTy. To 
be responsible for the work. 

OTTJAlBATb, -K), -emb, -KT ^ imp. 
K o r 6? q T o? K o M y? H e M y ? /p. 

OT^aTb, OTA3M, OT^anib, OTffaCT, 

OTji;aAHM, oTflaji;HTe, OTflaAyT, past 
OT^aJi, oT,o;aJia, oT^ajilo, -H 

1. to return. OT,n;aTb KHHry B 6n- 
6jiHOT6Ky. To return a book to 
the library. 

2. fig. to devote. OTAasaTb see CH- 
JIH jiK)6iiMOH pa6oTe. To devote 
all one's strength to the work one 
likes. OT^aTb >KH3Hb sa po^HHy. 
To give up one's life for one's 
country. 

OTJJATb see OTftABATb 

OT,0;EJIbH|bItt, -an, -oe, -tie sepa- 
rate 

OTAeJibnan KBapTHpa. A separate 
flat. OTjjeJibHaH KOMHaxa. A sepa- 
rate room. 

OT/JOXHyTb see OTJJblXATb 

OT,HbIX m., no pi. rest 

IIpaBO Ha OTAWX. The right to rest. 
JleTHHH OTAHX. Summer holidays. 
<> A*M OTflbixa. A rest-home. 

OT#bIXA|Tb, -K), -emb, -BOT imp. 
re?/p. OT^oxHlyTb, -y, -emb, -yT 
to rest 



OTE 



91 



OTJI 



JleioM MM OTflMxaJm Ha 6epery 
Mopa (B canaTopHH, B oMe OT^M- 
xa). In summer we rested at the 
seaside (in a sanatorium, in a rest- 
home). II6cjie o6ea MH oT^tixaeM. 
We have a rest after dinner. 
OT|EEJ m., gen. -na father 
OTE4ECTBEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 
home 

TosapH oxeiecTBeHHoro npOH3BOA- 
CTBa. Home-made goods. 
^ OxeiecTBeHHafl Boiina. A pa- 
triotic war. 

OTEHECTBO neut. fatherland 

OTKA3ATBCH see OTKA3bIBATbCH 

OTKA3bIBA|TbCH,-K>Cb, -embCH, -IOT- 

CH imp. OT KOTO? OT Hero? 

& _|_ inf. I p. OTKaaaibCH, oTKajKVCb, 

OTKaJKCmbCH, OTKajKVTCH 

1. to refuse. OH OTKaaajica BHHOJI- 
HHTb npHKas. He refused to car- 
ry out the order. 

2. to refuse, to decline, to give 
up. OH oTKasajiCH OT flener. 
He refused to take the money. 
OTKasaibCH OT CBOBX CJIOB. To 
go back on one's words. OT- 
KaaaTbCH OT npHrjiameHim. To 
decline an invitation. OTKaaaTb- 
CH OT CBOHX npaB. To give up 
one's rights. 

OTKPOBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, 
short form OTHpOBenen, OTKpOBeHH|a, 
-o, -bi; adv. OTKpOBeHHO frank 
OTKpOBeHHbin paaroBop. A frank 
conversation. FoBOpiiTb OTKpOBen- 
HO. To speak frankly. 

OTKPblBAjTb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 

HTO?//>. OTKpHTb, OTKp6|K), -efflb, 
-K)T 

1. to open. OTKpMTb ABeb. To 
open a door. OTKpbiTb 

To open a suit-case. 
KHHTV. To open a book. 
TJiasa. To open one's eyes. 

2. to open. OTKpwTb HOBBIH Mara- 
3im, Hosyio cTOJioByto. To open 
a new shop, a new dining-hall. 

3. to open. OTKpbiTb BHCTaBKy, 
coSpaHHe. To open an exhibition, 
a meeting. 

4. to discover. OTKpbiTb MecTOpojK- 
fleHHe, HOByio HJianeTy, HOBWH 
aJienteHT. To discover a mineral 
deposit, a new planet, a new 
element. 



<> OxKpbiTb AwepaKy. To say 
something which everyone already 
knows. Cf. Queen Ann is dead. 
OTKPbIBA|TbCH, 1st and 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -men 
imp. I p. OTKpbiTbca, 1st and 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. OTKpd|eTca, 
-IOTCH 

1. to open. OTKpHJiocb OKHO. The 
window opened. 

2. to open. GTOJioBaa OTKptiBaeTCH 
B 8 qacoB. The dining-hall 
opens at 8 o'clock. 

OTKPb'ITHE neut. 

1. no pi. inauguration, opening. 

OTKpMTHe HOBOrO HHCTHTyTa. 

The inauguration of a new insti- 
tute. OTKpMTHe BMCTaBKH. The 
opening of an exhibition. 

2. discovery. Hayinoe OTKpMTHe. 
A scientific discovery. OTKpM- 

THH B 66jiaCTH $li3HKH. DlSCOV- 

eries in the field of physics. 

G^eJiaTb OTKpMTHe. To make a 

discovery. 

OTKPKIT|KA /., gen. pi. -OK postcard 
HoHTOBaH OTKpMTKa. A postcard. 
IlocjiaTb OTKpbiTKy. To send a post- 
card. HoJiyqHTb OTKpbiTKy. To re- 
ceive a postcard. HoaapaBiiTejibHaH 
OTKpMTKa. A postcard of congratu- 
lation. 
OTKPb'IT|bltt, -an, -oe, -bie 

1. open. OTKpMTaa MecTHOCTb. Open 
country. 

2. fig. frank. OTKpMToe jran.6. A 
frank face. 

<0> OTKpbix*e Mope. The open sea. 
OTKpWT^e nncbMo. An open letter. 
Hojs. OTKpMTbiM ee5oM. In the open 
air. 

OTKPKlTb see OTKPblBATb 

OTKPb'ITbCfl see OTKPblBATbCH 

OTKV'AA adv. where from 

OTKyffa BH npnexaJiH? Where did 
you come from? OTKy/ja BM BTO 
snaeTe? How do you know that? H 
sndio, OTKyna TM H^enib. / know 
where you are coming from. 

OTJIHHAITbCfl, -rocb, -embCH, -IOTCH 
imp. qeM? OT KOTO? OT nero? 
to be different 

Bam njian OTJinqaeTCH OT ^pynfx 
rJiy6HHoH. Your plan differs from 
the others by its profundity. 



OTJI 



92 



OTH 



OTJlflMHO adv. 

1. excellently, very well. BLI OT- 
JIHHHO 3TO SHaeie. You know it 
very well. 

2. used as n. YHHTLCH na OTJIHH- 
HO. To get only excellent marks. 
IIoJiyqriTb OTJIHHHO no pyccKO- 
My asbiKy. To get an excellent 
mark in Russian. IIocTaBHTb 
yneHHKy OTJitiqHO. To give a 
pupil an excellent mark 

OTMT|KA /., gen. pi. -OK mark 

fl nojiyHijJi xoponiyio OTMeTKy no 
pyccKOMy flSbmy. / got a good 
mark in Russian. 
OTHECTfi see OTHOCfiTb 
OTHECTflCb see OTHOCflTbCH 
OTHHMA|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 
K o r 6? HTO? y KOTO? y H e- 

r 6?/p. OTHHTb, OTHHMy, OTHHMemb, 

OTHHMVT, past OTHHJI, oTHHJi|a, OT- 

HHJl|0, -H 

1. to take away, y MaJibHHKa OT- 
HHJIH MH*I. They took the ball 
away from the boy. 

2. to take. PaaroBop 6THHJI y MC- 
HH MHoro BpeMeHH. The conver- 
sation took away a lot of my time. 

3. to subtract. OT ^CCHTH OTHHTb 
Tpn Gyjiex ceMb. // 3 is sub- 
tracted from 10 the answer is 7. 

OTHOCflTb, OTHomy, OTnocnnib, OT- 
HOCHT imp. q T o? K y A a? K o - 
M y?//>. OTHec|TH, -y, -emb, -yT, past 
OTHCC, oxnecjila, -6, -ii to take 
(to some place) 

H OTHCC KHiirn B 6n6JiHOTeKy. / 
took the books back to the library. 
Mu OTHCCJIH ^BeTbI npenoAaBaTe- 
JIK). We took the flowers to the teacher. 

OTHOCflTbCH, OTHoniycb, OTHocnmb- 

Cfl, OTHOCHTCH imp. K a K? K K 0- 

My? K HCMy?/p. OTnec|Twcb, -ycb, 
-embCH, -yTCH, past OTHCCCH, OT- 
necji|acb, -ocb, -Jicb 

1. to treat. Xopomo (HJIOXO) OT- 
nocHTbCH K KOMy-JiH6o. To treat 
somebody well (badly). 

2. no p. to concern. MOH cjiosa ne 
OTHOCHTCH K BaM. My words do 
not concern you. 3xo ne OTHOCHT- 
CH K fleJiy. It's beside the point. 

OTHOfflEHHE neut. 

i. no pi. attitude. Xopomee OTHO- 
menHe K JHOAHM. A kind attitude 
to people. 



2. no pi. relation. BTO He HMeex KO 
MHO OTHOme'HHfl. It has nothing 
to do with me. 

3. only pi. relations. ^pywecKHe 
OTHomeHHH. Friendly relations. 

^HnJIOMaTHHCCKHe OTHOmeHHH 

MeHfly CTpanaMH. Diplomatic 
relations between countries. VcTa- 

HOBHTb (paaOpBaTb) flHHJIOMaTH- 

HecKHe OTHomeHHH. To establish 
(to break off) diplomatic relations. 

<> BblTI, C KeM-.IHOO B KaKHX-JIH- 

60 OTHonieiniflx. To be on (some 

sort of) terms with somebody. 
OTHHTb see OTHHMATb 
OTOflTfi see OTXOAfiTb 
OTHPABHTb see OTHPABJlHTb 
OTDPABHTbCfl see OTHPABJlHTb- 

CH 
OTHPABJlHjTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 

KOTO? HTO? Ky,n a?//>. oTnpa|- 

BHTb, -BJIK), -BHmb, -BHT to Send 

Ma*i> OTnpaBJiaeT cbma B mKOJiy. 
The mother sends her son to school. 
H oxnpaBHJi AOMOH HHCLMO (TCJIO- 
rpaMMy, nocbiJiKy). / sent a letter 
(a wire, a parcel) home. 
OTHPABJlHjTbCfl, -rocb, -embcn, 
-IOTCH imp. K y#a? without an obj. 
& -f inf. I p. OTnpa|BHTbCH, -BJirocb, 

-BHmbCH, -BHTCH 

1. tO gO. IloCJie SaHHTHH Mbl OT- 

npaBHJiHCb ryjiHTb. After the 
lessons we went for a walk. MH 
OTnpaBHJiHCb B napK. We went 
to the park. OTnpaBHTbCH B nyrb. 
To set out. 

2. to leave. HoesA OTnpasjmeTCH 
qepea 10 MHHyT OT 5-ii njiaT- 
$6pMbi. The train leaves in 10 
minutes from platform 5. 

OTHYCK m. holidays 

JleTHHH oTnyCK. Summer holi- 
days. MecHiHbiH oTnycK. A month's 
holiday. HOHTH B oxnycK. To go on 
one's holidays. BepnyTbCH H3 6T- 
nycna. To return after one's holi- 
days. BtiTb B oTnycKe (B OTnycny). 
To be on one's holidays. ITpOBOjuiTb 
OTnycK na K>re. To spend one's 
holidays in the South. 

OTnyCKA|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 

K o r 6? H T o?/p. OTnycTHTb, OTny- 

my, OTnycTHmb, OTnycTHT 

1. to let go. MaTb He oxnycKaJia 

peSe'HKa OT ce6n. The mother 



OXII 



93 



OO>H 



did not let her child go away 

from her. 
2. to let go. OH oxnycxnji MOK> py- 

KV. He let go of my hand. 
OXIiyCXftXb see OXIiyCKAXb 
OTPAJKEHHE neut. 

1. no pi. reflection. OxpajKenne 
CBexa. The reflection of light. 

2. reflection. VfiHAexb CBOC oxpa- 
jKeHHe B sepnaJie, rJiaAKOH no- 
sepXHOCXH BOAbi. To see one's 
reflection in a mirror, on the 
smooth surface of the water. 

3. fig. no pi. reflection. Bee axo 
Hanuio oxpajKenne B ero Knare. 
All this was reflected in his book. 

4. philos. no pi. reflection. Teopnn 
oxpajK6HHH. The theory of reflec- 
tion. 

OTPE3ATB see PE3AXb, 2 

OTPHfl m. detachment 

HnoHepCKHH oxpafl;. A Young Pio- 
neer detachment. HapxnsaHCKHH ox- 
pHA. A guerrilla detachment. 

OXCXA|BAXb, -K>, -emb, -K>X imp. 
ox K o r 6? ox q e r 6? or without 
an obj./p. oxcxa|xb, -ny, -nernb, -nyx 

1. to lag behind. OH rae'ji MeaJien- 

HO II CKOpO OXCXaJI OX XOBapH- 

men. He walked slowly and soon 
he fell behind his friends. 

2. colloq. to miss. Ha OAHOH ocxa- 
HOBKe a oxcxaji ox noeaAa. At 
one stop I missed my train. 

3. to fall behind. H MHOFO 6oJieJi 
H oxcxaji ox rpynnu. / was ill 
for a long time and I fell be- 
hind my group. Oxcxaxb ox JKHS- 
HH. To lag behind life. 

4. to be slow. HacH oxcxarox na 
10 Munyx. The watch (clock) is 
10 minutes slow. 

OTCTAJI|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -ue backward 
OxcxaJiaa cxpana. A backward coun- 
try. OxcxaJiwe BarJiHflw. Backward 
views. 

OTCTATb see OTCTABAlb 
OTCTynA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -iox imp. 
/p. oxcxynnxb, oxcxynJiK), oxcxy- 
nnmb, oxcxynax 

1. to retreat. BoncKa oxcxynnjin. 
The troops have retreated.^ fig. 
He oxcxynaaxe nepefl xpynHoc- 
XHMH. Don't give in in the face 
of difficulties. 



2. o x Hero? to deviate. Oxcxy- 
naxb ox npasHJi, ox HOPMLI. To 
deviate from the rules, the norm. 
OTCTynflTb see OTCTynATb 
OTC^TCTBIOBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. to be absent 
OxcyxcxBOBaxb na ypoKe no 60- 

JI63HH, no yBaJKHXejIbHOH npBRH- 

ne. To be absent from the lesson 
owing to illness, for good reasons. 
OH oxcyxcxBOBaji 3 Mecfln;a. He 
was absent for 3 months. 

OTCIDAA ado. from here 

Oxcio^a BHflHa BCH MocKBa. One 
can see the whole of Moscow from 
here. Oxcro^a xopomo cJibiniHO. You 
can hear well from here. He yxo^a 
oxciOAa. Don't go away from here. 

OTT^AA adv - from there 

B saJie nrpaJi opKecxp, oxxy^a 
cJibimaJiCH CMCX, asyKH necen. An 
orchestra was playing in the hall, 
from which came laughter and 

SOngS. Bbl 6HJIH B KHHO? J^a, Mbl 

HACM oxxy^a. "Have you been to 
the cinema?" 'Yes, we are coming 
from there." 

OXXOftftTb, oxxo>Ky, oxxoflnmb, ox- 
XOA^T imp. ox KOTO? ox ne- 
ro?/p. OXOHJXH, -Ay, -Aenib, -^yx, 
past oxome'ji, oxomjija, -6, -H 

1. to go away. MH oxonuin ox Ma- 
raanHa na necKOJibKO maroB. 
We went a few steps away from 
the shop. 

2. to leave. Hoesa OXXOAHX B 6 na- 
COB. The train leaves at 6 
o'clock. 

OX^ECXBO neut. patronymic 

HasoBtixe same MMH, OXHCCXBO H 
(|>aMH:JiHio. Give your name, patro- 
nymic and surname. 

OXT>E3,D( m., no pi. departure 

OxT>e3A HasHaneH na 6 i iacoB. The 
departure is fixed for 6 o'clock. B 
ACHb oxi>e3Aa. On the day of de- 
parture. 

OX^ESSKAlXb, -ro, -emb, -K>X imp./ 
p. oxi>exaxb, oxi>eA|y, -emb, -yx to 
drive off 

Mamana ox-bexajia ox oMa HCBep- 
nyjia Ha mocce. The car drove away 
from the house and turned on to the 
highway. 

OXT>EXAXb see OXT)E35KAXb 

OCDHIJEP m. officer 



0(1)11 



94 



IIAJI 



(XDHIJHAJIbHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie; 
adv. o<|)Hn,HaJibHO 

1. official. 0<|>Hn;HaJibHoe aaHBjie- 
HHG. An official statement. 0<|)H- 
n,HajibHbiH BH3HX. An official 
visit. 0<j>Hn;HajibHoe JIHD,O. An 
official. 

2. official, formal. 0<f>HnHajibHbiH 
H3UK. An official language. O(J)H- 
nnaJibHoe npHrJiameHne. A for- 
mal invitation. FoBopsixb o<|)Hn,H- 
aJibHLiM TOHOM. To speak in an 
official manner. 

OXOTA /., no pi. hunting 

BbiTb Ha oxoxe. To hunt. VqacxBO- 
saxb B oxoxe. To take part in a 
hunt. HAXH Ha oxoxy. To go hunt- 
ing. Oxoxa Ha BOJIKOB. Wolf-shoot- 
ing. Oxoxa c coGanaMH. A chase. 
OXOTHHK m. hunter 
OXOTHO adv. readily, willingly 
fl OXOXHO corjianiaiocb c 
readily agree with you. 
OXPAHflfTb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp. 
K or 6? ixo? ox KOTO? ox H e- 
r 6? to guard 

Oxpanaxb s^anne. To guard a build- 
ing. OxpaHHXb rpaminy. To guard 
the frontier. 
GHEHb adv. very; very much 

OieHb KpacHBbiH napK. A very 
beautiful park. fl onenb HJIOXO no- 
HHMaio no-pyccKH. / understand 
Russian very badly. Ha Benep 
npnmjio o^enb MHOFO HapoAy- 
There were very many people at 
the evening-party. MHC oieHb Hpa- 
BHXCH xox $HjibM. / like this film 
very much. 
OMEPEAlb /., gen. pi. -en 

1. queue. Cxonxb B oHepejju. To 
stand in a queue. Oiepeflb sa 6n- 
JiexaMH. A queue for tickets. 

2. turn. 

<> CAejiaTb B nepeyio oiepeflb. To 
do in the first place. B CBOIO 
o^epenb. In its turn. 
OHflCTHTL see HfiCTHTb, 2 
O T IK|fl no sing., gen. -OB spectacles 
Hocnxb OHKH. To wear spectacles. 
HeJiOBeK B OHKax. A man in spec- 
tacles. Te'MHLie oqKH. Sun-glasses. 
fl DJIOXO BifjKy 6ea OHKOB. / see 
badly without spectacles. 
OfflHBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcn, -IOXCH 
imp. B K o M? B H e M? or without 



anobj./p. omnSlHXbCH, -ycb, -embcn, 
-yxcH, past omwCcH, omii6ji|acb. 
-ocb, -neb to make a mistake 
CxyaeHX omH6cfl npn penieHHH sa- 
#a4H. The student made a mistake 
in solving the problem. KoHCXpyK- 
xop omH6cfl B paciexax. The- 
designer made a mistake in his calcu- 
lations. H onraSca B MOC'M xosapH- 
m;e. / was disappointed in my 
friend, fl onraSajiCH, KorAa AyMaJi a 
xe6e nJioxo. / was wrong when 
I thought badly of you. Fjiy6oK6 
omn6axbcfl. To be greatly mistaken. 
OmHEfiTbCfl see OfflHBATbCfl 
OfflflB|KA /., gen. pi. -OK mistake 
FpySan omn6Ka. A gross mistake. 
CAeJiaxb omHSKy. To make a mis- 
take, rincaxb c onuiSKaMH. To make 
mistakes in writing. HcnpaBJiaxb. 
omH6KH. To correct mistakes. CAC- 
jiaxb qxo-HH6yAb no omri6Ke. To 
do something by mistake. IIpH3H^xb. 
Cfidfe omM6Ky. To admit one's mis- 
take. CosnaxbCH B CBOGH omn6Ke. 
To confess one's mistake. 

n, n 

IlA/JA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. K y- 
R&/P. ynajcxb, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx, 
past ynaji, -a, -o, -H 

1. to fall. OceHbro jiHCXbH naAarox 
c AepeBbeB na SCMJIIO. In autumn 
leaves fall from the trees to the 
ground. 

2. fig. to drop. K yxpy xeMnepa- 
xypa y 6ojn>Horo ynajia. By the 
morning the patient's tempera- 
ture had dropped. 

IIAJIEIJ m., gen. najibn,a finger, toe 
^jiHHHbie najibn;bi. Long fingers. 
BoJibmoH naJien;. The thumb, yna- 
aji^. The forefinger. 
^aJIb^eM. To point 
with the finger. 

<> CMOTpeTb Ha qx6-JiH6o CKBO.II* 
iia.iiiii.bi. To close one's eyes to 
something. 3naTb qjo-JiHSo KEK 
CBOH nflTb nauibi^eB. To have 
something at one's finger-tips. 

ILAJIjKA /., gen. pi. -OK stick 

OnapaxbCH Ha naJiKy. To lean on a 
stick. JlHTKHbie naJiKH. Ski sticks. 
0> ^ejiaxb qTO-jiH6o ns-nojj, na:i- 
KH. To do something under the lash. 



IIAJI 



95 



HAX 



HAJIbTG neut., indecl. overcoat 

najibxo. A winter overcoat. 
naflbxo. To put on an 
overcoat. CnnMaxb najibxo. To take 
off an overcoat. Fyjiflxb 6ea nam>- 
TO. To take a walk without an over- 
coat on. 
HAMflTHHK m. 

1. K o M y? q e M y? monument. 
IlaMflTHHK HyniKHHy. A monu- 
ment to Pushkin. 

2. nero? monument. IlaMHTHHK 
apXHxeKxypti. A monument of 
architecture. 

IIAMflTb /., no pi. 

1. memory. V nee njioxan naMHXb. 
She has a poor memory. 

2. memory. IlaMHXb o xex AHHX 
HHKorAa He HCHesnex. The mem- 
ories of those days will live 
for ever. 

<> HOflapHTb HTO-JIH6O KOMy-JIH- 

60 na naMflTb. To give something 
to somebody as a keepsake. IloJiy- 
*rr6-JiHo"o OT Koro-JinSo na 

. To get something from some- 
body as a keepsake. YiHTb Ha 
naMflTb. To learn by heart. 

IIAIIA m. daddy 

HAnHPOCA /. cigarette 

KpenKHe nannpdcH. Strong ciga- 
rettes. Kypwxb nannpocy. To smoke 
a cigarette. 

HAP m., pi. -bi vapour 

BOAHHOH nap. Water vapour. Ilpn 
xeMnepaxype 100 rpa^ycoB IJejibCHH 
BOAa npeBpamaexcH B nap. At a 
temperature of 100 C. water turns 
into vapour. 

IIAPA /. 

1. pair. Ilapa xy^enb. A pair of shoes. 

2. couple. B saJie xanneBa.no ne- 
CKOJibKO nap. Several couples 
were dancing in the hall. MOJIO- 
flan napa. A young couple. 

IIAPA ^ m. parade 

BoeHHbiH napafl. A military pa- 
rade. 0H3KyjibxypHLra napaA- A 
sports parade. Bbixb na 
To be on parade. 

IlAP|EHb m., gen. -HH lad 
TH xopoinira napenbl 
OH. "You are a fine lad!" he said. 

HAPHKMAXEP m. barber, hairdresser 
Pa(56xaxb napHKMaxepOM. To work 
as a barber (hairdresser). 



HAPHKMAXEPCK|AH /., gen. -OH, 
pi. -ne 

My5KCKaa napHKMaxepCKan. Bar- 
ber's shop. TKeHCKan napHKMaxep- 
CKaa. Hairdressing saloon. 

HAPK m. park 

FopoffCKOH napK. A city park. Fy- 
jiHXb B napne. To take a walk in 
the park. XoAHXb no napny. To 
walk about in the park. 

IIAPOXOJJ m. steamship 

HaccajKHpCKHH napoxoA- A pas- 
senger steamer. Pennon napoxoA- 
A river steamer. HJiwxb (exaxb) na 
napoxoAe. To sail on a ship. 

HAPTEP [-X9-] m. the stalls and 
the pit (in a theatre, etc.) 
Mecxo B napxepe. A place in the 
stalls. CHAexb B napxepe. To sit in 
the stalls. Kymixb 6nji6x B napxep. 
To buy a ticket for the stalls. 

IIAPTH3AH m., gen. pi. napxnaaH 
guerrilla 

Bo BpeMH BOHHW MOB 6pax 6biJi 
napxnaanoM. During the war my 
brother was a guerrilla. 

I1APTH3AHCK|HH, -an, -oe, -He guer- 
rilla 

IlapxHaaHCKoe flBHJKenHe. The guer- 
rilla movement. IlapxHsaHCKHH 
oxpHA- A guerrilla detachment. 

IIAPTMH|blH, -an, -oe, -tie party 
IlapxjiHHoe co6paHne. A party meet- 
ing. IlapXHHHbiH 6njiex. A party 
membership card. 

IIAPTH/I /. party 

HJICH napXHH. A member of the 
party. Bcxynaxb B napxnio. To join 
the po.rty. 

nACMYPHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue dull, 
gloomy 

HacMypHbiH Aenb. A dull (gloomy) 
day. 

IIACCA5KflP m. passenger 

B Kyne SHJIO qexbipe naccawifpa. 
There were four passengers in the 
compartment. 

HATPHOT m. 

1. patriot. Bopb6a naxpnoxoB aa 
ocBoSowAenHe CBOOH cxpanLi. 
The struggle of the patriots for 
the liberation of their country. 

2. enthusiast. Haxpnox csoero Ae- 
_Jia. An enthusiast for a cause. 

IIAXATb, namy, namemb, namyx 
imp. H x o? He M?//>. scnaxaxb, 



HAX 



96 



HEP 



Bcnamy, Bcnamemb, Bcnamyx 

to plough 

Ilaxaxb aeMJiK). To plough the 

land. 
nAXHlYTb, -y, -emb, -yx, past nax, 

-jia, -JIG, -JIH imp. H e M? to smell 

/Jyxii npHHTHO na~XHyx. The per- 

fume smells pleasant. \ impers. Ha 

jiyry npnaxno mixnex CGHOM. 

There is a pleasant smell of hay in 

the meadow. 
IIAHIKA /., gen. pi. -CK packet 

caxapa. A packet of sugar. 
nannpoc. A packet of ciga- 

rettes. 

HEHCHfl /. pension 

IleHCHH no cxa"pocxH. An old-age 
pension, nojiynaxb nencnio. To get 
a pension. BMHTH Ha nencHK). To 
retire on a pension. Bbixb Ha nen- 
CHH. To be on pension. 

IlElIEJlbHHIJA /. ash-tray 

HEPEBECTfl see HEPEBOflftTb 

nEPEBOfl m. 

1. translation. TOHHHH nepeBOA- 
An exact translation. G^eJiaTb 
nepeBOA- To make a translation. 

2. transfer. IlepeBOA Jtener no noi- 
xe. A postal order. 

IIEPEBO/JftTb, nepeBOHty, nepeso- 
AHmb, nepeBOflHT imp. qxo?/ 
p. nepeBe|cxri, -Ay, -flemb, -Ayx, past 
nepeBe'ji, nepeB6Ji|a, -6, -H 

1. to take. llepeBecxa pe6e*HKa 
nepea yjran;y. To take a child 
across the street. 

2. to transfer. IlepeBecxH Aenbrn no 
T6Jierp^(|)y. To send money by 
telegraph. 

3. to translate. nepesecTH KHnry c 
(f>pann;y3CKoro nabiKa na pyc- 
CKHH. To translate a book from 
French into Russian. 

nEPEBO/JHHK m. translator, inter- 
preter 

IlepeBOA^HK c anrjiiiHCKoro H3HKa. 
An English translator (interpreter). 
VcxHtiH nepeBOA^HK. An interpret- 
er. PaSoxaxb nepeBOA^HKOM. To 
work as a translator (interpreter). 

IIEPEBb'inOJIHHTb see DEPEBbl- 



HEPEBbinOJlHUlTb, -ro, -emb, -rox 
imp. qxo/p. nepeBwnojiH|nxb, -ro, 
-nrnb, -HX to overfulfil 



njian. To overful- 
fil a plan. IlepeBunojiHHXb nopMy. 
To overfulfil the quota. 

IJEPEmATb see IIEPErOHflTb 

nEPEFOBOPbl no sing, o HOM? 
talks, negotiations 
neperoBOpti o Mape. Peace talks. 
neperoBopti Meat^y cxpanaMH. 
Negotiations between countries. Bec- 
TH neperofidpti c K6M-Jik6o o HBM- 
JiH6o. To conduct negotiations with 
somebody about something. Ilepero- 
Bopbi cocxoHJincb B MOCKED. The 
negotiations took place in Moscow. 

HEPErOHH|Tb, -H), -emb, -rox imp. 
Kor6? HXO? B^e M?//>. nepe- 
rnaxb, neperonro, neperdHHrab, ne- 
peroHHX, past nepernaji, -rnajia, 
-rH^Ji|o, -H to overtake 
3xox cnopxcM^n nepernan scex BO 
BpeMH copeBHOBanHH. This sports- 
man overtook everyone in the com- 
petition. 

HEPEj prep, -f instr. 

1. in front of. HepeA OKHOM. In 
front of the window. 

2. before. IlepeA ypoKOM. Before 
the lesson. 

3.: Mne CXHAHO nepeA BaMH. / feel 

guilty towards you. 

HEPE^AIBATb, -16, -enib, -rox imp. 
^ x o? K o M y?/p. nepeAaxb, nepe- 
AaM, nepeAamb, nepeAacx, nepeAa- 
AHM, nepeABAHxe, nepeAaAyx, past 
nepeAaji, -a, nepeAaji|o, -H 

1. to give. HepeAaxb nncbMo Apy- 
ry. To give a letter to a friend. 

2. to tell. IlepeAaHxe npnsex pOA- 
HbiM. Give my regards to your 
relatives. HepeAaa einy, qxo H 
CKOpo npHAy. Tell him that I'll 
come soon. 

3. to broadcast. ITepeAaBaxb KOH- 
n;epx no paAHO. To broadcast a 
concert. HepeAHBaxb nocjieAnne 
H3BecxHH. To broadcast the news. 

IIEPEflATb see HEPEflABATb 

HEPE^AHA /. broadcast 

HepeAfl^a no paAHO. Radio broad- 
cast. Cjiymaxb nepeAany. To lis- 
ten to a ^broadcast. 

IIEPEJJOB|6fl, -an, -6e, -we 

1. foremost. IlepeAOBOH 
A foremost worker. 

2. advanced. IlepeAOBaH xexHHKa 
Advanced technique. 



HEP 



97 



HEC 



IIEPEE3>KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -IOT 
imp./p. nepeexaxb, nepee,n|y, -emb, 

yr 

1. ne p e 3 HTO? or qxo? to cross. 
Hepeexaxb (Hepea) rpanHny. To 
cross the border. Hepeexaxb (qe- 
pea) peny. To cross the river. 

2. o x K y A a? K y A a? to move. 
Hepeexaxb na HOBVIO KBapxj'rpy. 
To move to a new place (of res- 
idence). Ilepeexaxb H3 MOCKBH 
B JleHHHrpaA. To move from 
Moscow to Leningrad. Ilepeea- 
TKaxb c Mecxa na Mecxo. To keep 
moving from one place to anoth- 
er. 

IIEPEEXATb see HEPEE35KATb 
HEPEttTfl see HEPEXOHflTb 
HEPEMEHA /. 

1. change. HepeMeea KJiHMaxa. A 
change of climate. 

2. change. B ero JKHSHH nponso- 
niJiH Sojibnrae nepeMenbi. Great 
changes took place in his life. 

IIEPEHECTfl see IIEPEHOCftTb 
HEPEHOCflTb, nepenoiny, nepeno- 
CHmb, nepenocHT imp. KOTO? 
q T o?/p. nepenec|xH, -y, -emb, -yx, 
past nepenec, nepenecji|a, -6, -H 

1. to carry. nepenecTH pe6enKa 
lepea ^opory. To carry the child 
across the road. nepenecTii Bemn 
H3 OAHOH KOMHaxH B ^pyryio. 
To carry the things from one 
room to another. 

2. to endure. nepenecTii THJKe'jiyio 
6oJie3Hb. To suffer a serious 
illness. 

3. to put off. nepenecTH coSpanne 
ua ^pyroe BpeMfl. To put off a 
meeting to another time. 

HEPEnHCATb see IIEPEIIflCblBATb 
nEPEHflCblBAITb, -K), -emb, -IOT 

imp. H T o? I p. nepenncaxb, nepe- 

nainy, nepenHmemb, nepennmyx 

to copy 

HepenncaTb xeKCT. To copy a text. 
HEPEPIilB m. -\ 

1. interval, break. HepeptiB B pa- 
6oTe. A break in work. IlocJie 
xpexjieTHero nepepbisa ona CHO- 
Ba nomjia paSoxaxb. After a three 
years' interval she went to work 
again. 

2. interval. IlepepMB Me>K,ny JICK- 

An interval between 



74002 



lectures. CfleJiaxb nepepHB. To 
have a break. 

<> OGeAeiinbiii nepepue. A break 
for lunch. The dinner hour. 

IIEPECAmKA /., gen. pi. -OK change 
G^ejiaxb nepecaAKy. To change. 
Exaxb c nepecaftKaMH, 6es nepecaji;- 
KH. To have to change (trains, etc.), 
not to have to change (trains, etc.). 

IIEPECTAIBATb, -ro, -einb, -rox imp. 
+ inf. I p. nepecxa|Tb, -ny, -nemb, 
-nyx to cease, to stop 
ftoJKjjb nepecxaJi. The rain has 
stopped. PeSeHOK nepecxaJi njia- 
Kaxb. The child stopped crying. Ile- 
pecxanbxe paarofiapHBaxbl Stop talk- 
ing! 

HEPECTATb see HEPECTABATb 

HEPE?J1|OK m., gen. -Ka lane, street 
nepeyJiOK. A narrow street, 
m. passage, crossing 

nepexo^. An under- 
ground passage. ITepexofl ne pea 
yjiHn;y. A street crossing. 
PEXOftflTb, nepexoHty, nepexo- 
AHmb, nepexo^HX imp./p. nepen|xH, 
-^y, -Jje'nib, -,nyx, past nepemeji, 
nepemJija, -6, -H 

1. qepea HXO? or HXO? to cross. 
nepexo^HXb nepea yjinn;y. To 
cross the street, riepexo^iixb 

To cross the border. 
qepea MOCX. To cross 
a bridge. 

2. to change, nepetxii na flpyryto 
pa66xy. To change one's fob. 

3. to pass. Bjiacxb nepeniJia Bpynn 
Hapo.ua. The power passed into 
the hands of the people. 

IIEP|ED[ m., gen. -n;a pepper 

HepHHH nepen;. Black pepper. Kpac- 
HHH nepen;. Cayenne pepper. FopbKHH 
nepen;. Hot pepper. Maco c nepneM. 
Meat with pepper. 

HEPO neut., pi. nepbfl 

1. feather. Ilepo nxnn;bi. A bird's 
feather. 

2. nib. Sojioxoe nepo. A gold nib. 
HEPHATIKH pi., gen. pi. -OK; sing. 

nepqaTKa /. gloves 
KojKaHBie nepnaxKH. Leather gloves. 
Jlexniie nepqaiKH. Summer gloves. 
Ha^exb nep^axKH. To put on one's 
gloves. 

IIEC|HH /., gen. pi. -en o KOM? o 
H e M? song 



HEC 



HJIA 



HapOAHan necHH. A folk song, IleTb 

necHK) o JiK)6BH. To sing a love song. 
HEC|OK m., gen. -Ka sand 

MopCKOH necoK. Sea bottom sand. 

MeJiKHH necoK. Fine sand. JlejKaib 

na necKe. To lie on the sand. 

<> (.axapiibiii necoK. Granulated 

sugar. 
IIETb, no|K>, -emb, -IOT imp. q T o? o 

K 6 M? H e M? ROM y?/p. CDGTb, 

CHO|K>, -enib, -K>T to sing 
IleTb necHK) flpyabHM. To sing a 
song to one's friends. IleTb c qyB- 
CTBOM. To sing with feeling. Ileib 
xopOM. To sing in chorus. 

IIEHAJIbHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue sad, 
melancholy 

HeqaJibHaH Myabraa. Sad music. 
He^aJibHoe HacTpoenne. A melan- 
choly mood. Ile^aJibHLie rjiaaa. Sad 
eyes. 

IIEHATA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -KXT imp. 
H T o? / p. HaneiaTalTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT 

1. to publish, to print. Hane^ia- 
TaTb cTaTbro B jKypHaJie. To pub- 
lish an article in a magazine. 

2. to type. HeqaTaTb Ha ManniHKe. 
To type on a typewriter. 

IIEHATb /. 

1. lit. & fig. seal, stamp. 

2. press. 

IIEHEHbE neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits 

CJiaAKoe nenenbe. Sweet pastry. 

Han c neneHbeM. Tea and biscuits. 

Ileqenbe K ^aro. Tea biscuits. 
nEEQKOM adv. f on foot 

HATH nenmoM. To go on foot. 
HHAHflHO neut., indecl. upright 

piano 

MrpaTb Ha nHaHHHO. To play the 

piano. 
IlflBO neut., no pi. beer 

XojidflHoe HHBO. Cold beer. IlHTb 

HHBO. To drink beer. KpyjKKa nif- 

sa. A mug of beer. 
IIHftJKAK m., gen. -a jacket 

JIe*THHH nH^TKaK. A summer jacket. 

HocHTb HHfljKaK. To wear a jacket. 
I1H5KAMA /. pyjamas 

Tenjian nnjKaMa. Warm pyjamas. 

CnaTb B nnjKaMe. To sleep in one's 

pyjamas. 
HHOHEP m. 

1. a Young Pioneer. MOH 6paT 
nnoHep. My brother is a Young 
Pioneer. 



2. pioneer. IlHOHepbi KocMOca. The 

pioneers of Space. 

nHP03KH|OE neut., gen. -oro fancy 
cake 

rieco^Hoe nnpoJKHoe. A shortcake. 
IlHpoJKHoe c KpeMOM. A cream cake. 
Han c nnpo>KHbiM. Tea and cakes. 

KynHTb H^CKOJIbKO nHpOJKHHX. To 

buy some cakes. 

IHIPOaqCK m., gen. -Ka small pie 
imCATEJlb m. writer 
IlHCATb, nnmy, niimemb, nnuiyT 

imp. H T o? K o M y? o K 6 M? 

o H e M?//). HanncaTb, Hannmy, Ha- 

nHmemb, HannmyT to write 

a) OH nshneT nncbMo POAHTCJIHM. 
*He is writing a letter to his par- 
ents. 

b) IlHcaTb CTHXH. To write poetry. 
HanncaTb KHiiry o H;HSHH yqe- 
HBIX. To write a book on the life 
of scientists. OH HanncaJi o TOM, 
HTO BHfleJi BO BPCMH nyTemecT- 
BHH. He wrote about what he saw 
on his journey. 

IIHCbMO neut., pi. nricbMa, gen. pi. 
HHCGM KOMy? letter 
IIoAp66Hoe nncbMo. A detailed letter. 
3aKa3Hoe HHCLMO. A registered let- 
ter. HocbiJiaTb HHCbMO. To send a let- 
ter. IIoJiyHHTb nucbMo. To receive a 
letter. IlncbMo Apyry. A letter to 
one's friend. 

IIHTb, nb|ro, -emb, -IOT, past HHJI, nn- 
Jia, HHJI|O, -H imp. H T o? / p. Bbi- 
nHTb, Bwnb|io, -emb, -IOT, past Bbi- 
HHJI, -a, -o, -H to drink 
IlHTb BOAy- To drink water. BbinHTb. 
lamny Ko$e.* To have a cup of 
coffee. 

E[JIABA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. r^e? 
Ky^a? to swim, to sail 
H JiK)6jiK) HJiasaTb. / like to swim. 
KajKAtiH fleHb OH n jiaBaJi na OCT- 
POB. Every day he swam to the is- 
land. IIoqTH TOA OH njiasaji MaTpo- 
COM Ha 6oJibmoM napoxoAe. For al- 
most a year he sailed on a large- 
ship as a deckhand. 

nJIA|KATb, -qy, -qemb, -qyT imp./ 
p. aanjia|KaTb, -ny, -nemb, -qyT (p. 
verb shows beginning of action) to cry 
FopbKO HJiaKaTb. To cry bitterly. 
IIJiaKaTb OT 66JIH. To cry with pain. 

HJIAH m. plan 

pa6oTbi. A plan of work. ILiiaa 



no 



paaBHXHfl HapOAHOrO X03HHCTBa. A 

plan of national economic develop- 

ment. BLinoJiHHTb njian. To fulfil 

a plan. 9 IlepeBbinojiHHTb nJian Ha 

50% (nponenxoB). To overfulfil the 

plan by 60%. 
DJIAHETA /. planet 

^aJienan njianexa. A distant planet. 
njIAHfiP|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox 

imp. H T o? to plan 

HjiaHiipOBaxb pa66xy. To plan one's 

work. njiam'jpOBaxb CBOG speMH. To 

plan one's time. 
HJIACTfiHlKA /., gen. pi. -OK record 

HocxaBbxe HOByio njiacTHHKy! Put 

a new record on! TpaMnJiacTHEKH. 

Gramophone records. 
njIACTMACCA /. plastics 

HaACJiHH H3 nJiacxMaccti. Plastic 

articles. 
HJIATA /. payment 

3apa6oTHafl njiaxa. A salary, a 

wage njiaxa aa BXOA- Admission fee. 

njiaxa aa npoeaA- Fare. 
IIJIATflTb, njiaiy, njiaxnnib, njiaxax 

imp. HTO? a a H x 6? aa KOTO? 

H e M?//>. aanjiaxaxb, aanJiany, aa- 

njiaxHnib, aamiaxHx 

1. to pay. njiaxHXb (Aenbrn) aa no- 
KynKy. To pay (money) for a 
purchase. SanjiaiHTb aa TOBapH- 
m;a. To pay for one's friend. 

2. fig. to return. IIjiaTHTb JiroGoBbio 
aa aa6oTy. To return love for 
solicitude. 

HJIATIOK m., gen. -Ka 

1. scarf. flpKHH nJiaxoK. A bright 

scarf. 
2.: HOCOBOH nJiaxoK. A handkerchief. 

HJIATOOPMA /. truck, platform 
TKejieanojjopoJKHaH njiaT(|)6pMa. A 
railway truck. Hfaaxb na njiai(|)6p- 
Me. To be waiting on the platform. 

IIJlATBE neut , gen. pi nJiaibes 

1. dress. ffle'jiKOBoe njiaxbe. A silk 
dress. Ha nen SMJIO o^enb Kpa- 
CHBoe njiaibe. She had a beauti- 
ful dress on. 

2. no pi. clothes. Maraaim BepxHero 
nJiaxbfl. A clothes shop. 



m - 8 en - ~fl raincoat 

HenpOMOKaeMbia nnam. A water- 

proof coat. 

IIJIEMflHHHK m. nephew 
IIJIEMtfHHHIJA /. niece 



HJ1EH|KA /., gen. pi. -OK film 

IIpoflBMTb nJieHKy. To develop a 
film. 

IIJIE^IO neut., pi. nJienn shoulder 
HlnpoKHe HJICHH. Broad shoulders. 
IIojiojKHTb pyKy KOMy-jiaSo na njie- 
TO. To put one' s hand on somebody' s 
shoulder. 

<> Einy 3xo ne no njie^ry. This is 
beyond his capacity (power, etc.) Pa- 
6oTaxb njienoM K njieny c Kein-JiH6o. 
To work hand-in-hand with some- 
body. 

njIOTflHA /. dam 

IIJlOX|Ofl, -an, -6e, -lie. short form 
HJIOX, njioxa, HJIOXO, DJIOXH; adv. 
HJIOXO; comp. xywe (q.v.) bad 
IIJioxaH noroAa. Bad weather. IlJio- 
xoe HacxpoeHHe. A bad mood. Ero 
3,eJia HJIOXH. He is in a bad way. 
EMy HJIOXO. He feels bad. HJIOXO 
paGoTaib. To work badly. 

njIOnjAmKA /., gen. pi. -OK ground, 
pitch 

CnopTHBHan nJioma^Ka. A sports 
ground. 

njIOmA,Hlb / , gen. pi. -en 

1. square. LJenxpa'jibHaH njioma^b. 
A central square. (DoHTan na 
nJiom;aAH. A fountain in a 
square. 

2. area. ILjiomaflb xpeyroJibHHKa. 
The area of a triangle. 

HJIblJTb, -By, -Benib, -Byx imp. Ky- 
A a? na H e M? to swim, to sail 
CnopxcMen njibisex K 6epery. The 
sportsman is swimming towards the 
shore. JIoflKa nJibisex no peKe. The 
boat is sailing on the river, ^e- 
XH nJiHByx na JIOAKC. The children 
are sailing in a boat. 
IIJIH2K m. beach 

HJIHJK. A sandy beach. 
(aaropaxb) Ha njiajne. To 
lie (to sunbathe) on the beach. 
HO prep. 
I. + dat. 

1. along. HAXH no Aopore. To go 
along the road. XoAKXb no KO*M- 
naxe. To walk about in the room. 

2. on, according to. Hpnexaxb no npn- 
rjiameHHH). To come on somebody's 
invitation. QueJiaxb no cosexy 
Koro-JiH6o. To do something on 
somebody's advice. Pa66xaxb no 
njiany. To work according to plan. 



HOE 



100 



nor 



3. over. roBopnxb no TeJie^ony. To 
speak over the telephone. nepe,n;a- 
qa no paAHO. A radio broadcast. 

4.: TexpaAb no <$H3HKe. A physics 
copy-book. HeMnnon no mMHacxH- 
KC. A gymnastics champion. 

5. in -|- n. in pi. SaHHMaxbCH no 
BeqepaM. To study in the eve- 
nings. 

6. on. Hoexaxb no ^ejiaM. To go on 
business. 

II. -}- ace. 

i. to. C naxoro no BocbMoe HHCJIO. 
From the fifth to the eighth (in- 
cluded). 

nOBEftA /. naA KBM? na IBM? 
victory 

ndjinaH no6eAa. A complete victory. 
OflepmaTb no6e"Ay naA sparoM. To 
win a victory over the enemy. Bep- 
nyxbcfl c noSeAOH. To return vic- 
torious. 

nOEEAHTb see nOEEJKflATb 

nOEESK.H.AITb, -10, -erab, -IOT imp. 
K o r 6? q T o? / p. no6eA|HXb, 1st 
pers. sing, not used, -limb, -ax to win, 
to conquer, to defeat, to overcome 
HoSeAHXb spara. To defeat the ene- 
my. no6eAHTb B BOHHC. To win a 
victory in a war. HoSejKAaTb cxpax. 
To conquer fear. noSe^HTb SoJieaHb. 
To overcome an illness. 

nOEJIArOAAPflTb see EJIAFO^A- 
PflTb 

nOEJIE^HETb see EJIE^HETL 

nOEPflTECH see EPflTbCH 

nO-BAmEMY 

1. ado. as you want. Mbi c^eJiaJiH 
no-BameMy. We did as you want- 
ed us to. 

2. par en. word in your opinion. 
no-BameMy, axo npasHJibno? Do 
you think it is right? 

HOBE^EHHE neut. behaviour 

CnpOMHoe noBe/jenne. Modest be- 
haviour. GxpaHHoe noBeAeene. 
Strange behaviour. 

nOBEPHTb see BEPHTb 

nOBEPH^TbCH see HOBOPAHH- 
BATbCfl 

nOBEPXHOCTb /. surface 

Ha noBepxnocTH aeMJin. On the 
earth's surface. /jBHJKCHHe no no- 
BepXHOCTH. Movement along a sur- 
face. 

nOBECHTb see BfilHATb 



nOBOPAHHBA|TbCH, -rocb, -embca, 
-IOTCH imp. Kyfla?/j9. noBepn|yTb- 
CH, -ycb, -erabCH, -yxcn to turn 
HoBopaqHEaTbCfl na cnHHy. To turn 
on to one's back. noBepnyibcn CHHHOH 
K OKHy. To turn one's back to the 
window. noBepnyTbCH najieBO. To 
turn to the left. 

HOBTOPEHHE neut. review, recapi- 
tulation 

noBTOpenne Maxepnajia. Recapitula- 
tion of the material. 
<> lIouTopeiibe MaTb \ 'lenbn 
(proverb). Repetition is the mother 
of learning. 

HOBTOPflTb see HOBTOPflTb 
nOBT6pflTbCH see nOBTOPHTbCfl 
nOBTOPH|Tb, -K), -emb, -JOT imp. 

n T O?//). nOBTOp|HTb, -K), -HDlb, -flT 

1. to repeat. noBiopHTe, nojKajiyn- 
CTa. Repeat that, please. 

2. to review. HoBTopHTb yp6K. To 
review one's lesson. 

IIOBTOPH|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -rox- 

CH imp. /p. nOBTOpjHTbCH, -K)Cb, 
-HfflbCfl, -HTCH 

1. to recur. 3xo CJIOBO nacxo no- 
BxopaexcH B xencxe. This word 
often recurs in the text. 

2. to repeat oneself. /^OKJiaA^HK 
qacxo noBXOpaJica. The speaker 
often repeated himself. 

nOFACflTb see TACflTb 
nOFHEAlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
ox qer 6?//>. norn6H|yxb, -y, -emb, 
-yx, past nornS, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH to 
perish 

nornSnyxb ox nyjin. To perish from 
a bullet. 

norflEHYTb see HOrHBATb 
norjlA^HTb see TJIA^HTb 
nOFJIHAfiTb see rJIHflETb 
nOrOBOP|flTb, -to, -Hmb, -HT p. 
o K 6 M? o i e M? c K e M? to 
talk 

noroBOpnxb o noroAe. To talk about 
the weather. Mne HaAO noroBOpnxb 
c saMH. / must speak to you. 
/., no pi. weather 
CCFOAHH noroA^? What is 
the weather like today? Bee Jiexo 
cxoflJia njioxan noroAS- The whole 
summer the weather was bad. 

noryjiHTb see 



101 



prep. 4- ace. & 
I. 4- instr. 

1. under. OH CH^eJi HOA 

.fiTe was sitting under a tree. 

2. fig. under. Pa66xaxb HOA pyKO- 
BOACXBOM... To work under... 
EojibHOH 6biJi noA HaSJirofleHHeM 
Bpana. The patient was under 
medical observation. 

3. near. JKnxb HOA MOCKBOH. To live 

near Moscow. 

4. in. HATH noA AQJKA6M. To walk in 

the rain. 
II. 4- ace. 

1. under. OH ceJi noA AepeBO. He 
sat down under a tree. 

2. to. TanneBaxb noA MyawKy. To 
dance to music. 

nO^AlBATb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 
H x o? ROM y?/p. noAaxb, 
noAamb, noAacx, noAaAHM 
AHxe, noAaAyx, past noAaji, 
noAa;ri|o, -H 

1. to help on. IIoAaBaxb najibxo 
AeBynrae. To help the girl on 
with her coat. 

2. to serve. HoAaBaxb nan na CXQJI. 
To serve tea. 

3. to extend. IToAasaxb pyny. To 
extend one's hand. 

<> PyKou noAaxb! A stone's throw 

Strom). 
APHTb see AAPflTb 
nO^APlOK m., gen. -Ka present 

^oporon noAapOK. An expensive 
present. CAeJiaxb noAapOK Apyry. 
To give a present to one's friend. 
noJiymxb noAapOK ox APyra. To 
receive a present from one's friend. 
nO,UATb see HOftABATb 
HO^BHr m. feat 

TpyAOBofi noABHr. A feat of 
labour. CoBepmnxb noABHr. To ac- 
comlish a feat. 

HIblM, -aa, -oe, -bie under- 
water 

HoABOAHbiH MHp. The underwater 
world. HoABOAHan oxoxa. Underwa- 
ter hunting. HoABOAHaH JioAKa. A 
submarine. 

see TOTOBHTb, 2 
/. K H e M y? 

1. preparation. HoAroxoBKa K 3K- 
aaMenaM. Preparation for exami- 
nations. 

2. grounding. V nero xopoman 



no MaxeMaxHKe. He 
is well grounded in mathematics. 
se e nO^AEP^H- 
BATb 

^EPaCHBAITb, -ro, -emi,, -rox 
imp. KOTO? HXO? HCM? B He M?/ 
p. noAAepJKaxb, noAAepaty, noAAep- 



1. to support. HoAAepJKaxb 
COBCXOM B xpyAnyio MHHyxy. To 
help a friend with one's advice 
at a difficult time. 

2. to second. IIOAAepJKaxb npeAJio- 
jKeHHe na coSpanHH. To second 
a move at a meeting. 

nOAHCAPHTb see 5KAPHTb 
HOJliMECTfl see HOAMETATb 
IIO^META|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
q x o? q e M?//?. noAMe|cxiT, -xy, 
-xemb, -xyx, past HOAMCJI, noAMe- 
ji|a, -6, -H to sweep 
HoAMexaxb noji. To sweep the floor. 
nOJJHHMAITb, -K), -erab, -rox imp. 
K o r 6? ^ x o?//>. noAHHXb, UOAHH- 
My, noAHHMemb, noAHHMyx, past 
noAHflJi, noAHHJia, noAHHJi|o, -H 

1. to pick up, to lift. IIoAHHXb xex- 
paA*> c noJia.To pick up a copy-book 
from the floor. HoAHaxb pe6e'HKa. 
To lift a child. HoAHHXb pyny. 
To raise one's hand. IIOAHaxb 
sopoxHHK. To raise one's collar. 

2. to rouse. HoAHflxb c nocxejin. 
To rouse. 

<> IIoAHHTfa rayw, KPHK. To make 
a noise, to start shouting. 
nO#HHMA|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -rox- 

CH imp. I p. HOAHHXbCH, HOAHHMyCb, 

noAHHMerabca, noAHHMyxcn, past 
noAHH|jica (& noAHHJica), -Jiacb, 

-JlOCb, -JIHCb 

1. to get up. IIoAHHMaxbCH yxpOM c 
nocxeJin. To get up in the morning. 

2. to ascend. IIoAHHMaxbCH na ro- 
py. To ascend a mountain. I!OA- 
HHMaxbCH no JiecxHHn;e. To go 
up the stairs. 

3. to rise. IIoAHHMaxbCH na 6opb- 
6y c BparoM. To rise to the 
struggle against the enemy. 

4. fig. to go up. IJeHM Ha npOAyK- 
XLI nOAHHJiifcb. The prices of 
food-stuffs have gone up. 

5. fig. to begin. IIoAHflJicH myM. A 
noise began. HOAHHJICH CHJibHHH 
sexep. A strong wind has risen. 



nojj 



102 



IIOJK 



m. tray 
see DOAHHMATb 

see 
-y, -emb, -yx, past 



ji|o, -H p. KOTO? Hxo?orqero? 
to wait 

HoAOJKAeM erne neMHoro! Let's wait 
a bit longer! 

HOflOflTfl see nOAXOJJflTb 
nO^HHCATb see nOflllHCblBATb 
nOflnflCbIBA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 
H T o? / p. noAHHcaxb, noAnmny, 
noAmimemb, noAHiimyx to sign 
HoAHHcaxb AOKyM^Hx. To sign a 
document. EoAnncaxb AoroBop. To 
sign a treaty. HoAHHcaxb corjiame- 
HHG. To sign an agreement. 
IIOAP6EH|blfl, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. 
noAp66no detailed 
rioAp66Hoe nncbMo. A detailed let- 
ter. OH noApoSno paccnaaaji o csoea 
noesAKe. He described his trip in 
detail. 

/. (female) friend 

HOApyra. A school friend. 
AeTCXBa. One's playmate. 
bCH, noflpywycb, no- 
CH, noApymaxca p. c 
K e M? to become friends 

C HOBHMH XOBapH- 

. To make new friends. EMCX- 
po noApy>KHXbCH. To become friends 
quickly. 
.HTBEP.HftTb S ee nOJJTBEP- 

^TBEPHCJliAITb, -ro, -emb, -iox 
imp. q x o?/p. noAXBepJAHTb, -?Ky, 
-flHmb, -AHX to confirm 
OH HOAXBepAHJi, ^TO npHAex aasx- 
pa. He confirmed that he would 
come the next day. 

see JJYMATb 

/., gen. pi. -en pillow, 
cushion 

nOflXO,fl[flTb, noAXOHcy, noAxoAHmb, 
HOAXOAHX imp. K K o M y? K H e- 
My?/p. noAOH|xe, -Ay, -Aemb, -AyT, 
past noRomeji, noAomJi|a, -6, -H 

1. to approach. HoAXOAHTb K OK- 
ny. To approach the window. 

2. KOMy? to fit. 3xn T^JIH MHC 
HOAXOAHT. These shoes fit me. 

nOflHEPKHBAITb, -K), -emb, -rox 
imp. q x o?/p. HOA^epKHlyxb, -y, 
-5mb, -yx 



1. to underline. EoAHepKnyxb CJIQ- 
sa KapaHAamoM. To underline 
words in pencil. 

2. fig. to emphasise. B AQKJiaAe 
H noAHepKHyji 3HaneHHe axoro 
H3o6pexeHHfl. In my report I 
emphasised the importance of 
this invention. 

HOflHEPKHYTb see 
BATb 



-H), -emb, -rox imp. 
K KOMy? K qeMy? / p. noA'be'- 
xaxb, noA-beAJy, -emb, -yx to ap- 
proach, to drive up to 
IlOA'beaHtaxb K ropOAy- To approach 
the town. AsxoSyc noA'bexaJi K oc- 
xanoBKe. The bus drove up to. the stop. 
KM m. 

1. ascent. HoA'beM B ropy SHJI xpy- 
A6H. Climbing the mountain was 
difficult. 

2. enthusiasm. ApxHCXH nrpajin c 
SoJibmHM noA^eMOM. The actors 
performed with great enthusiasm. 

nOAT>EXATb see nOflTjESHCAlb 

ttOESR m., pi. -a train 

CKOPHH noe3A- A fast train. Exaxb 
Ha noeaAe. To go by train. Ilepe- 
cecxb na ndeaA- To change for a train. 

nOE3,H|KA /., gen. pi. -OK trip, tour 
HHxepecHan noeaAKa. An interesting 
trip. IIoe3AKa no cxpane. A tour of' 
the country. 

IIOECTb, noeM, noemb, noecx, noeAiiM, 
noeAHxe, noeAHX, past noeji, -a, -o, 
-H to eat 

IIoHAeM noeAHM! Let's go and get 
something to eat! 

IIOEXATb, nocAly, -emb, -yx p. K y- 
Afi? na qe*M? to go, to drive 
IToexaxb na aKCKypcnio. To go on 
an excursion. AsxoSyc ocxanoBHJicH 
OKOJIO AOMa, a HOXOM noexan AaJ">- 
me. The bus stopped near the house 
and then drove on. JlexoM MH no- 
CACM na ror. In summer we shall go 
to the south. 

<> Iloexajm na Mexpo! (colloq.) 
Let's go by the underground/ 

HOaCAJIETb see JKAJIETb 

HOHCAjIOBATbCfl see JK^JIOBATb- 
CH 

HOJKAJiyflCTA particle please 

HaBHHHxe, nojKaJiyncxa. Excuse me 
please, ^anxe MHC, nowaJiyncxa, 
KHiiry. Will you give me the book, 



H05K 



103 



noK 



please? CKajKirre, nowaJiyncTa, r/je 
MCTpo? Could you tell me where the 
underground station is, please? Cna- 
ca6o. IIo>KaJiyHCTa. "Thank you." 
"Don't mention it." 

n02KATb see II05KHMATb & HCATb 
II05KEJIAHHE neut. wish 

HoBoroAHHe nojKejiamifl. New- 
Year's wishes. 

IIO5KEJlATb see 5KEJIATb 
n05KHJI|Ofl, -an, -6e, -He elderly 
IIO5KHMA|Tb, -io, f -crab, -IOT imp. 
H T o? / p. nojK&Tb, nojKM|y, -emb, 
-yx to press 

1.: OHH KpenKO noJKajin jjpyr npyry 
. pyKH. They shook hands heartily. 
2.: HojKHMaTb HJieiaMH. To shrug 

one's shoulders. 

nOSABOTHTbCfl see 3ABOTHTbCH 
nO3ABfl#OBATb see SABflflOBATb 
HOSABTPAKATb see SABTPAKATb 
HO3ABHEPA adv. the day before 
yesterday 

STO cjiyqajiocb noaaBnepa. It hap- 
pened the day before yesterday. 
IIO3BATb see 3BATb 
nOSBOHflTb see SBOHflTb 
, -HH, -ee, -He late 
senep. A late evening. 
n;BeTLi. Late flowers, 
adv., comp. noajKe & nos^- 
nee late 

1. late. IldaflHO nonbio. Late at 
night. IIoaflHO Jie^b cnaxb. To 
go to bed late. OH npnmeji nos- 
JKe sac. He came later than you. 
PeSeeoK noa^HO naqaji roBopnTb. 
The child began to speak late. 

2. predic. impers. (it is) late. Cennac 
noszjHO. It's late now. IloaflHO 
roBOpnib 06 3TOM. It's too late 
to speak about that. 

<> Jlyqrae noa^HO, HGM eHKor^a. 

Better late than never. Pano HJIH 

1163 A no. Sooner or later. 
ri03,0;OP6BATbCH see S^OPOBATb- 

CH 

nOS^PABHTb see nO3jO(PABJlHTb 
n03^PABJlH|Tb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. 

KOTO? HTO? c HCM?//>. no3^pa|- 

BHTb, -BJIK), -BHOIb, -BHT tO COHgrat- 

ulate 

IIosapaBHTb jjpyaea c npas^HHKOM. 
To congratulate friends on a festive 
occasion. HosApaBHTb c ^HCM po?K- 
. To congratulate somebody on 



his birthday. IToa/jpaBJiflK} c HOBHM 
TOAOM! / wish you a Happy New 
Year/ 

II03HAKOMHTbCfl see 3HAKO- 
MHTbCH 

HOBMATb see JIOBflTb 

IIOS|Tfl,-y, -jjenib, -yT, past nome'ji, 
nonuija, -6, -H p. K y a? -|- inf . 
to go 

noHTH B Teaxp, Ha KOHijepT. To go 
to the theatre, to a concert. Mu 
nofifleM ceroAHfl senepOM B TOOTH. 
Tonight we shall go visiting. OH 
Me^JieHHO nome'ji K ABepn. He 
slowly went towards the door. IIoH- 
fle'M ryJiHTb! Let's go for a walk! 
<0>IIomJiH B KHIIO! (colloq.) Let's go 
to the cinema! 

HOKA 

1. adv. yet. OH nona He 

He doesn't go to school yet. 

2. conj. while. ' Ilona MLI 

JiHCb, nomeji ,a;ojKAi>- While we 
were studying it began raining. 
IIoKa rae'ji Romffb, MH CHAOJIH 
ZjoMa. We stayed at home as long 
as it rained. HoKa He Kofl^y 
nncbMo, He nonjjy ryJiHTb. / 
won't go out before I have fin- 
ished the letter. 

HOKASATb see HOKA3bIBATb 
nOKA3ATbCH see KA3ATbCH & 

HOKASblBATbCH 

nOKA3bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 
K o M y? H e M y? KOTO? H T o? or 
Ha KOTO? ii a HT 6?//>. noKasaTb, 
noKajKy, noKaacemb, noKawyT 

1. to show. IIoKasaTb Apyry $OTO- 
rpa(|)HK). To show one's friend a 
photograph. 

2. to point (at, to). HoKasLiBaTb 
pyKOH na 66JiaKO. To point at a 
cloud with one's hand. 

nOKA3bIBA|TbCH, -rocb, -embca, 
-IOTCH imp. /p. noKasaTbCH, noKa- 
jKycb, noKaHcembcH, HOKaJKyTca to 
show 

Hs-sa Tyq noKaaaJiocb coJinqe. The 
sun showed from behind the clouds. 
Jlyna TO noKasbiBaJiacb, TO HCHesa- 
Jia aa oSjianaMH. The moon was now 
visible, now hidden behind the clouds. 

IIOKOJlEHHE neut. generation 

MoJio^oe HOKOJieHHe. The young gen- 
eration. noKOJienne OTn;6B. The 
older generation. 



IIOK 



104 



noji 



IIOKPACHETb see KPACHfiTb 

IIOKynA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. K o- 
r 6? H x o? K o M y?/jo. Kyniixb, Kyn- 
Jiro, Kynmnb, Kynnx to buy 
IIoKynaxb xjie6 B MarasHne. To buy 
bread in a shop. Kynii MHO ceroji;- 
HHmnioK) raaexy! Buy me today's 
paper/ 

nOKYPfiTb see KYPflTb 

nOK^mATb see K^IHATb 

ITOJI m., prepos. na -y; pi. -H floor 
HHCXLIH HOJI. A clean floor. HoflMe- 
xaxb noji. To sweep the floor, flexH 
HrpdJiH Ha noJiy. The children were 
playing on the floor. 

nOJI|E neut., pi. -A 

1. field. niapOKoe nojie. A large 
field. PacTH na nojie. To grow 
in a field. Pa66xaxb B nojie. To 
work in the field. 

2. fig. field. HInpoKoe nojie ^en- 
xeJibHOCXH. A wide field of activ- 
ity. 

3. field. MarmixHoe noJie. A magnet- 
ic field. 

4. pi. brim. HlJiena c OOJIHMH. A 
hat with a brim. 

IIOJIE3HO adv., predic. impers. (it is) 
useful 

EMy nojiesHO MHOFO ryjiaxb. It is 
useful for him to walk a lot. Bo.ibHO- 
My nojiesno nnxb ^pyKTOBHH COK. It 
is good for the sick man to drink 
fruit juice. 

nOJTE3H|b!fl, -an, -oe, -He, short 
form noneaen, noJie~3H|a, -o, -LI 
useful 

EoJiesHaH KHHra. A useful book. 
HoJiesHHH COBCX. Useful advice. 
nOJlET m. flight 

OnacHHH nojiex. A dangerous flight. 
CoBepniHXb nojiex. To make a flight. 
IIOJIEjTETb, -ny, -xiinib, -XHX p. to fly 
IloJiexexb B KOCMOC. To fly to outer 
space. 

nOJIflTHKA /., no pi. policy, politics 
BnemHHH noJiHXHKa. Foreign poli- 
cy. BnyxpeHHHH noJiHXHKa. Home 
policy. SaHHMaxbCH noJinxHKOH. To 
go in for politics. 
nOJlHTflqECK|Hfl, -afl, -oe, -He 
1. political. IIoJiHXHHecKaH o6cxa- 
HOBKa. The political situation. 
HoJiHXHHecKaH 6opb6a. A politi- 
cal Struggle. IIOJIHXHHeCKHH flCH- 

xejib. A politician. 



2. political. HoJiHXHqecKaH 3KOHO- 
MHH. Political economy. 
KA /., gen. pi. -OK 

1. shelf. KHMJKHan npJiKa. A book- 
shelf. KHHFH cxoax na HOJIKC. 
The books are on the shelf. 

2. berth. BepxHHH (HHJKHHH) DOJI- 
Ka B Barone. An upper (lower) 
berth in a railway carriage. Jle- 
jKaxb Ha BepxHeii nojine. To lie 
on an upper berth. 

<C IIOJKMKHTb 3y6bl HE nO.lKV. To 

starve. 

IIOJIHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form 
HOJIOH, nojiHJa, -6, -LI 

1. full. HojiHLiH cxaKan BO^LI. A 

flass full of water. 3a;i DOJIOH 
PHXCJICH. The hall is full of 
spectators. KoMnaxa, nojinaH 
CBexa. A room full of light. 

2. complete. rioJiHaa cBo66,o;a. Com- 
plete freedom. EOJIELIH OXAUX. 
Complete rest. 

3. StOUt. IlOJIHLIH ^eJIOBCK. A Stout 

man. 

nOJIHOCTbK) adv. completely 
H noJiHOcxbio corjiacen c 
am in complete agreement with you. 
IIOJIOBflHA /. half 

IIoJiOBHHa nyxri. Half the way. IIo- 
JiOBHna rofl;a. Half a year. HepsaH 
nojiOBHna nrpLi. The first half of 
a match. Bxopan nonoBHHa XIX BC- 
Ka. The second half of the 19th 
century. Cennac EOJiOBHHa mecxoro. 
It is half past five. JIpuxoAH- 
xe B DOJIOBHHC uiecxoro. Come at 
half past five. 

nOJIO/KEHHE neut. situation 

SKOHOMH^ecKoe noJiojKeHHe. The 
economic situation. THwe'jioe DOJIO- 
5KeHHe. A difficult situation. OKa- 
aaxbca B xpy^HOM noJio>KeHHH. To 
find oneself in a difficult situation. 
HanxH Bwxofl H3 Jiio66ro nojiowe- 
HHH. To find a way out of any 
situation. 

HOJIOJKfiTb see KJIACTb 

HOJIOTEHmE neut., gen. pi. -en; tow- 
el 

Moxnaxoe noJioxeHue. A Turkish 
towel. Bbixapaxb pyKH noJioxeniteM. 
To dry one's hands with a towel. 

IIOJITOPA m. & neut., gen. noJiyxopa; 
nojixopLi /., num. one and a half 

HOJiyOCTPOB m., pi. -a peninsula 



noji 



105 



IIOM 



-K>, -emb, -rox imp. 
H x o? OT K o r 6? o x K y A a?/ 
p. nojiyraxb, nojiyny, nojiy^ramb, 
nojiynax 

1. to receive. Eojiynaxb nncbMa 113 

. To receive letters from home. 
fleHbm aa pa66- 
Ty. To get money for one's 
work. EojiyHHXb no^apOK OT ox- 
na. To get a present from one's 
father. EoJiyHiixb npHrjiameirae. 
To receive an invitation. 

2. to get. EoJiyqnxb nyjKHbra pe- 
3VJibxax. To get the necessary 
result. EoJiynaxb caxap H3 CBCK- 
JIBI. To obtain sugar from beetroot. 

3. to receive. EoJiy^raxb 3BaHHe 
npo<f>eccopa. To receive the title 
of professor. UoJiy^HTb oxMexny. 
To get a mark. Eojiyraxb 6Jia- 
roflapnocxb. To be thanked. 

, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -IOTCH imp. /p. 
HOJiyiHXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. noJiynnxcH, nojiy- 



1.: y MCHH ne nojiyiaexcH 

/ can't manage the problem. OOTO- 
rpa<fHH nojiy^HjiHCb xopomo. 
The photographs proved to be 
good. Banana ne nojiyqaexcn. 
The problem won't work out. 
2.: impers. EojiyqaeTCH, HTO a BHHO- 
Eax. It looks as if I am to blame. 
nOJiyHftTB see HOJiyHATb 
HOJiyHflTbCH see nOJiy^ATbCH 
HOJIHACA m., gen. nojiynaca half an 
hour 

H HCflaJi ero n;eJiLix noJinaca. 7 wait- 
ed for him for a whole half-hour. 
OH nncaJi B Teienne nojiyqaca. He 
wrote for half an hour. 
nOJIb3A /. use 

JlenapCTBO npHnecJio 6ojibmyio 

noJibay 6oJibHOMy. The medicine 

helped the sick man very much. 

nOjIb3|OBATbCH, -yrocb, -yembCH, 

-yiOTCH imp. q e M? / p. Bocnojib3|o- 

BaxbCH, -yiocb, -yembcn, -yiOTCH 

1. to use. IIoJibsoBaTbCH 6n6jiHOTe- 

KOH. To use a library. IloJibSO- 

BaxbCH HyjKHOH KHHFOH. To use 

the book one needs. IIoJibsoBaTb- 

CH ycjiyraMH. To avail oneself of 

services. BocnoJibsoBaTbCH cose- 

TOM. To make use] of advice. 



BocnojibsosaTbcfl cjiy^aeM. To 
avail oneself of an occasion. IloJib- 

SOBaTbCH BOSMOJKHOCTbK). To 

avail oneself of an opportunity. 
HoJibsoBaTbCH npaBOM. To exer- 
cise the right. 

2. no p. to enjoy. IIojibBOBaxbCfl 
HSBecxHOCxbK). To be well known. 

IIOJIIOEfiTb see JlIOBflTb 

IIOJlIOEOBATbCH see JIIOBOBATb- 
CH 

nOJIIOC m. pole 

CeBepHMH nojiioc. The North Pole. 
Hay*maH 3KcneAHn;Hfl na IOJKHHH 
nojiioc. A scientific expedition to 
the South Pole. 

nOMEHlATb see MEIHATb 

nOMEI^EHHE neut. room, premises 
>KHJioe noMen^eHHe. Living premises. 

IIOMEIIJHK m. landowner 

KpynnbiH noMeni;HK. A big landown- 
er. BoraxbiH noMemHK. A rich 
landowner. 

nOMH^OP m. tomato 

CneJiue noMH^opti. Ripe tomatoes. 
CaJiax H3 noMH^opos. Tomato salad. 

IIOMH|HTb, -ro, -Hmb, -HX imp. 
K o r 6? or H x o? o K 6 M? o H e M? 
to remember 

IIoMHHXb po^HOH ^OM. To remember 
the house where one was born. IIoM- 
HHXb oxn;a. To remember one's fa- 
ther. HoMHHXb o flpyre. To remem- 
ber one's friend. IIoMHHXb o CBOCH 
n;eJiH. To bear in mind one's aim. 
O He noMHHTb ce5a (OT rHesa). 
To be beside oneself (with wrath). 

HOMOrAJTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
KOMy? HCMy? neM? &-{- inf./ 
p. noMOHb, noMory, noMOJKemb, 
noMoryx, past noMor, -Jia, -Jio, -Jiii 
to help 

IIoMoraxb cxapOH Maxepn. To help 
one's old mother. IIoMOHb flpyry 
^;66pHM coBexoM. To help one's 
friend with good advice. HoMOib 
6paxy pemHXb 3aany. To help 
one's brother to solve a problem. 

no-MGEMy 

1 . adv. my way. OH c^eJiaJi sxo no- 
MoeMy. He did it my way. 

2. paren. word in my opinion. 
Eo-MoeMy, OH xopomira nejio- 
BCK. In my opinion, he is a good 
man. 

HOMOHb see nOMOFATb 



HOM 



106 



no 



. help 

CUB 6biJi xopoinHM 
omy. The son was a good help to 
his father. 

HOMODJb /., no pi. help 

Onasaxb noMomb paneHOMy. To 
give help to a wounded man. IIpo- 
cnxb noMom,H y Apyaen. To ask 
one's friends for help. Ilpociixb o 
noMomH. To ask for help. IIpHHXH 
Ha noMomb. To come to the aid. 
OxKaaaxb B noMomn. To refuse to 
give help. 

nOHEJJEJIbHHK m . Monday 

B noHeaeJibHHK MH yesjKaeM. We 
leave on Monday. KajKjjbra none- 
xeJibHiiK (no none^eJibHHKaM) y nac 
6biBaioT JieKn,HH no Jinxepaxype. 
Every Monday we have lectures on 
literature. 

nOHHMA|Tb, -to, -einb, -IDX imp. 
K o r 6? H T o?//>. noHHXb, noHM|y, 
-einb, -yx, past HOHHJI, noHHJia, 

nOHHJl|0, -H 

1. to understand. H Bac HOHHJI. 
/ understood you. Bbi Bee nonn- 
Maexe? Do you understand every- 
thing? IIoHMHxe MCHH npaBHJib- 
HO! Don't misunderstand me. 

2. to understand. OH MJIJIO HOHH- 
Maex B Mysbine. He does not 
understand much about music. 

nOHPABHTbCfl see HPABHTbCH 

nOHJlTHE neut. notion 

GJIOBO H nonaxHe paaiiue semn. 
The word and the notion are differ- 
ent things. 

<> fl H6 IIMCIO nOHHTHH O TBO6& 

pa66xe. I've no idea of your work. 

OOHHTHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form noHHxeH, noHXH|a, -o, -bi un- 
derstandable, clear 

nOHHTHO 

1. adv. clear(ly). 3xo CJIOBO BaM no- 
HHXHO? Is this word clear to you? 
OH roBopaJi noHHXHo. He spoke 
clearly. MHO see HOHHXHO. Eve- 
rything is clear to me. 

2. predic.impers. (it is) clear. IIoHHX- 

HO, HXO B xaKOH ^OJK^b OH HO npH- 

^ex. It's clear that he won't 

come in such a rain. 
OOHHTb see HOHHMATb 
nOOEEflATb see OBE^ATb 
nOOBEIIJATb see 



^ -K), -emb, -rox imp. / 
p. nonacxb, nona#|y, -emb, -yx, past 
nonaJi, -a, -o, -H 

1. to hit. Honacxb B n.ejib. To hit 
the mark. 

2. to get. Ilonacxb B xeaxp. To get 
to the theatre. 

3. to get. Kan BM cio^a nonajin? 
How did you get here? 

4. impers. t colloq. to catch it. Mne 
nonaJio ox Maxepn. / caught it 
hot from Mother. 

<> KaK nonaJio. Anyhow. IIonacTb 
ne B 6poBb, a B rjiaa. Gf. To 
hit the nail on the head. 

nO-HPEHCHEMy adv. still, as before 
OH no-npe?KHeMy JKHBCX a^ecb. He 
still lives here. 

HOnPOBOBATb see HPOBOBATb 

nOHPOCflTb see HPOCflTb 

IIOIIPOmATbCH see HPOIIIATbCH 

nOPA 1 /. time 

H snaio ero c ^aBHHX nop. I've 
known him for a long time. G xex 
nop npomjio MHOFO Jiex. Many 
years have passed since then. J^o CHX 
nop MH HHnero ne anaeM o HCM. We 
still don't know anything about him. 

IIOPA 2 predic. impers. it is time 
Ilopa Bcxasaxb y>Ke no3,nHo. It 's 
time to get up: it's already late. 
Ilopa HAXH AOMOH. it's time to go 
home. HaM nopa oGe^axb. It's time 
for us to have dinner. 

IIOPA5KEHHE neut. defeat 

Tame'Jioe nopajK^nne. A heavy de- 
feat. Iloxepnexb nopajKenne B BOH- 
ne. To be defeated in a war. Hane- 
CXH nopa>KeHHe. To defeat. 

nOPOffl|OK m., gen. -Ka powder 

1. only sing, powder. SySnon nopo- 
m6K. Tooth-powder. 

2. powder. JleKapcxso B nopomKax. 
Medicine in the form of powder. 
IIpiiHHMaTb no OflHOMy nopoin- 
Ky 3 paaa B flenb. To take one 
powder 3 times a day. 

IIOPT m., prepos. B nopxy & o nopxe 

port 

MopCKOH nopx. A seaport. PeHHOii 

nopx. A river port. PaSoxaxb B nop- 

xy. To work at the port. 
nOPTPElT m. portrait 
IIOPTOeJIb m. brief-case 
nO-P^CCKH adv. (in) Russian 

ToBopHXb no-pyccKH. To speak 



HOP 



107 



HOC 



Russian. OHH nejin aiy necnio no- 
pyccKH. They sang this song in 
Russian. 
HOP>I^|OK m., gen. -Ka 

1. order. V MGHH B KOMHaxe Bcer- 
AE nopaAOK. My room is always 
in order. JJepjKaTb BenjH B no- 
paAKe. To keep things in order. 
HpHBecTH Bee B nopaAOK. To 
put everything in order. IIpH- 
BGCTH ce6a B nopHAOK. To tidy 
oneself up. 

2. succession. PaccKaaaxt BCC no 
nopaAKy. To tell, everything in 
the same order as it happened. 

<> Bee B nopnAKe. Everything is 
all right. 

HOCAUflTb see CA5KATB 
IIOCBHTflTb see IIOCBHIIJATb 
nOCBHOJAITb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 
q T o? K o M y? H e M y? / p. HOCBH|- 

THTb, -my, -Tlifflb, -THT 

1. tO deVOte. IIOCBHTHTb JKH3Hb 

Hayne. To devote one's life to 
science. 

2. to dedicate. IIocBamaTb KHHry 
flpyry. To dedicate a book to 
one's friend. 

IIOCETflTb see nOCEIIJATb 
nOCEmA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. 
KOTO? ITO?//?. noce|THTb, -my, 

-THUIb, -THT 

1. to visit. IIoceni;aTb 6ojibnoro TO- 
Bapnma. To visit a sick friend. IIo- 
ceTHTb Myaea. To visit a museum. 

2. no p. to attend. IIocemaTb JieK- 
IJHH. To attend lectures. 

HOCJIATb see HOCblJIATb 
flOCJIE 

1. adv. later. MOJKHO npnHTH cea- 
Hac? HeT, npnxoAH nocjie. 
"May I come now?" "No, come 
later." 

2. prep. -{- gen. after. Ilocjie o6e#a. 
After dinner. Ilocjie paSoTbi. After 

WOrk. MOJKHO MH6 B3HTb 3Ty 

KHHry nocjie nee? May I have 

the book after her? 
nOCJlflH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne last 
IIocJieAHHH flenb Mecni^a. The last 
day of the month. KTO 
Who is the last? 
<> EopOTbCH 30 nocjie^HeH 
KpoBH. To fight to the last drop 
of blood. CosftaBaTb HOBbie Mainw- 
Hbi no nocJieAiieMy c.iony TCXHEIKII. 



To build new machines accord- 

ing to the last word in technology. 

HocjieflHHe iianecTiiH. The latest 

news. 
HOCJIE3ABTPA adv. the day after 

tomorrow 

HOCJIOBHUiA /. proverb 
HOCJI^niAITb, -K>, -emb, -IOT p. KO- 

TO? H T 0? 

1. to listen (for^a while). OH no- 
CTOHJI, nocjiyina^ neMHoro H 
yineji. He stood and listened for 
a while, then he went away. 

2.: IIocJiyniaH(Te), passe BTO npa- 
BHJibHO? Look here, is that right? 
nOCJI^DIATbCH see CJIYHIATbCH 
HOCMOTPETb see CMOTPETb 
nOCOBETOBATb see COBETOBATb 
HOCOBfiTOBATbCH see COBETO- 

BATbCH 
HOCnOPHTb see CHOPHTb 



1. adv. amid, among. Ha yjraije 
co6paJiacb TOJina napoAa. ITocpe- 
Aii cToaJi peSenoK H nJiaKaJi. A 
crowd of people had gathered in 
the street. Among the crowd 
stood a child, crying. 

2. prep. -{-gen. in the middle of. 



<J>OHTaH. In the middle of the 
square there is a beautiful foun- 
tain. 

nOCCOPHTbCH see CCOPHTbCH 
HOCTABHTb see CTABHTb 
IIOCTAPATbCa see CTAPATbCH 
nOCTEJIb /. bed 

BojibHoa flOJi/Ken JiewaTb B nocTe- 
JIH. The patient must remain in 
bed. EMy neJibaa BCTasaTb c no- 
CT6JIH. He is not allowed to get up. 
nOCTEHEHHO adv. gradually 

OH nocTenenno npnBbiKaJi K KJIH- 
MaTy. He gradually got accustomed 
to the climate. 

nOCTO#HH|blfl, -aa, -oe, -bie con- 
stant; adv. nocTOHHHo constantly, 
always 

nocTOHHHaH TCMnepaTypa. A con- 
stant temperature. Pe6enoK nocToaH- 
HO SoJieeT. The child is always ill. 
OOCTOlHTb, -ro, -nmb, -aT p. 

1. to stand (for a while). CHA^TO, 
ne 6ecnoKOHTecb, a nocTOio. 
Keep your seat, and don't worry; 
I'll stand. OH nocToaji neMHoro 



noc 



108 



noa 



H ymeji. He stood for a while 
and then went away. 
2.: nocxoH(xe)! Wait! 
HOCTPflHbCH see CTPflHbCH 
nOCTPOHTb see CTPOHTb 
nOCTynA|Tb, -K>, -enn>, -rox imp. I 
p. nocxynaxb, nocxynjno, nocxy- 
nHmb, nocxynnx 

1. to act. HecTHO nocxynaxb. To 
act honestly. HJIOXO nocxymixb. 
To act badly. 

2. Kyaa? to enter. Hocxynnxb B 

HHCXHXyX, Ha HCXOpHHeCKHH $a- 

Kyjibxex. To enter an institute, 
the history department. Ilocxy- 
nnxb na pa66xy. To take up work. 
3.: HocxynHjio npeflJiomeHne. There 
is a proposal. 

nocxynftTb see nocxynATb 

m., gen. -Ka action 
nocxynoK. An honest ac- 
tion. CoBepmHXb repoHiecKHH no- 
cxynoK. To accomplish a feat. 
nOCTYHATb see CTYHATb 
/. crockery 

nocy^a. Tea-things. Mbixb 
nocy/ty. To wash up. 
nOCbIJIA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -iox imp. 
KOTO? *ixo? KOMy? HCMy? 
or K KOMy? I p. nocjiaxb, nonui|i6, 
-emb, -rox 

1. to send. Maxb nocjiaJia pe6eHKa 
B MarasHH sa XJie6oM. The mother 
sent her child to the shop for 
some bread. Ero nocjiaJin na 
pa66xy B Gapaxos. He was sent 
to work in Saratov. 

2. to send. Ilocjiaxb nncbMO poflii- 
XCJIHM. To send a letter to one's 
parents. 

HOCI>IJI|KA /., gen. pi. -OK parcel 
IIOHXOBaH nocMJiKa. A parcel sent 
by post. OxnpaBHXb noctijiKy. To 
send a parcel. Hojiyrnxb nocwJiKy 
ox po^HxeJien. To receive a parcel 
from one's parents. 

nO-TBOEMY 

1. adv. as you wish. Bee 6yex no- 
xBoeMy. Everything will be done 
as you wish. 

2. paren. word in your opinion. 
Ilo-xBoeMy, 3x0 npaBHJibHo? Do 
you think it's right? 

IIOTEPflTb see TEPHTb 
nOTOJI|CK m., gen. -Ka ceiling 

BHCOKHH noxoJiOK. A high ceiling. 



HHBKHH noxoJiOK. A low ceiling. 
Ha noxoJiKe BHCHX jiaMna. A lamp 
is hanging from the ceiling. 
IIOTCJM adv. then 

CnanaJia MH noo6e,najiH, a HOXOM 
norajiH ryjiflxb. We first had dinner 
and then went for a walk. 
nOTOM^ HTO [mxp] con), because 
OH He nncaJi HHCCM, noxoMy HXO 
6biJi aaHHX. He didn't write letters 
because he was busy. 
HOTOH^Tb see TOH^Tb 
IIOTPEEOBATb see TPEEOBATb 
HOTPOrATb see TPOFATb 
HOTHH^Tb see THH^Tb 
HO^5KHHATb see YJKHHATb 
HOXBAJIflTb see XBAJlflTb 
nOXOft rn. hike 

TypacxH^ecKHH noxoa. A walking- 
tour. XoflHXb B noxofl. To hike t to 
go on a walking-tour. 
IIOXG5K|Hfl, -an, -ee, -He, short form 
noxojK, -a, -e, -H resembling 
Ha Koro OH noxo>K? Whom does he 
look like? OH noxo>K Ha Moero 6paxa. 
He looks like my brother. 
IIOIJEJIOBATb see IHEJIOBATjb 
nOI^EJIOBATbCH see E[EJIOBATbCH 
f. soil 
adv. why 

BH onosflaJiH? Why are 
you late? 

HEMy-TO adv. for some reason 
HoqeMy-xo OH ne npnmeji. For some 
reason he has not come. 

, -an, -oe, -ue honorary 
SBanne. An honorary title. 
rocxb. A guest of honour. 
IIOHHHflTb see HHHflTb 
HOHflCTHTb see HflCTHTb, 1 
HOHTA /. 

1. post. HocbiJiaxb qx6-jiH6o noq- 
XOH (no no^xe). To send some- 
thing by post. 

2. post-office. Pa66xaxb Ha HOHXC. 
To work at a post-office. Ilo^xa 
pa66xaex c 7 yxpa no 12 HOHH. 
The post-office is open from 
7 in the morning to 12 at night. 

IIOHTfl adv. almost 

OH oxubixaJi HOHXH #Ba Mecana. He 
rested for almost two months. 

IIOH^BCTBOBATb see H^BCTBO- 
BATb 

nOinYTflTb see fflyiflTb 

HO9T m. poet 



noa 



109 



HPE 



adv. that is why 
IloineJi AOJKflb, noaxoMy MH ocxa- 
jmcb #OMa. It began raining, that's 
why we stayed at home. 
HOHBflTbCH see IIOHBJlHTbCH 
IIOHBJlHlTbCH, -rocb, -embcfl, -rox- 
CH imp. T A e? / p. noHBHXbCH, HOHB- 
jiiocb, noHBHmbCH, noHBHTCH to ap- 
pear, to come out 

Ha ne6e noHBHJincb SBeaAbi. Stars 
came out in the sky. 
HOHC m. t pi -a 

1. belt. Hone naJibxo. A coat belt. 
ffiHpOKHH none. A wide belt. 3a- 
cxernyxb none. To fasten the belt. 

2. waist. Cxofixb B so,a;e no none. 
To stand waist-deep in water. 

/ 

1. truth. 3xo npaB^a. This is the 
truth. FoBOpiixb npaBAY B ruaaa. 
To speak the truth to somebody's 
face. 

2. used as pred. it is true. npaBjja, 
^xo OH yexaji? IIpaBAa. "7.9 it 
true that he has left?" "Yes, 
it is." 

0> Ho npau^e roBOpa... To tell the 
truth... 

, -aa, -oe, -me truthful 
lejioseK. A truthful 
man. HpaBAHBbie rjiasa. Truthful 
eyes. IIpaBAHBafl Hcxopna. A true 
story. 
HPABHJIO neut. 

1. rule. ITpaBHJio rpaMMaxHKH. A 
grammar rule. Tpy#Hoe npaBHJio. 
A hard rule. 

2. only pi. rules. Co6jiK),naxb npa- 
BHJia. To observe the rules. 

<> KaK npaeiuio. As a rule. 

nPABHJIbH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 
npaBHJibHO correct; right 
npaBHJibHMH oxBex. A correct an- 
swer. OH npaBHJibHO pemnji sa^any. 
He solved the problem correctly. 
HpaBHJibHo! That's right! 

IIPABflTEJIbCTBO neut. government 

IIPAB|p neut., pi. -a 

1. right. HaSHpaxejibHoe npafio. Suf- 
frage. TpaJKAaHCKHe npasa. Civil 
rights. IlpaBO na xpy^. The right 
to work. IlpaBO na 6x#bix. The 
right to rest. HoJibaoBaxbCH npa- 
BaMH. To exercise one's rights. 

2. law. Hayqaxb npaso. To study 
law. 



HPABIblfl 1 , -an, -oe, -He right 

ITpasafl pyKa. The right hand (arm). 

IIPAB|blfl 2 , -aa, -oe, -ne, short form 
npas, npasa, npaBjo, -H 

1. only short form right. OH npaB 
B axoM Bonpoce. He is right in 
this question. BH He npaBH. You 
are not right. 

2. only complete form right. Bo- 
poxbca sa npaBoe ^ejio. To fight 
for the right cause. 

HPA3.HHHK m. holiday, festive occa- 
sion 

Han,HOHaJibHHH npaaAHHK. A nation- 
al holiday. HpasAHHK IlepBoro 
Man. The First of May holiday. 
IIo3ApaBJiaxb c npaaftHHKOM. To 
congratulate on a holiday. 

HPAS^HHHHIblH, -an, -oe, -ne fes 
tive, holiday-like 

IIpaaAHHHHHH ropoa- A holiday- 
like city. npaa^HH^HHH Be^ep. A 
festive evening-party. IIpasjaiHHHHHH 
KOCXJDM. One's best clothes. Ilpaaji;- 
HHHHoe Hacxpoenne. A holiday mood. 

nPA3^H|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. H x o? to celebrate 
npas^HOBaxb no6e,ny. To celebrate 
a victory. IIpasflHOBaxb ,a;eHb po>K- 
qeHHH. To celebrate one's birthday. 

IIPAKTHKA /. 

1. practical work. Hoexaxb na npaK- 
XHKy. To go to practical work. 
Ilpoxo^axb npaKXHKy Ha aaBOfle. 
To do one's practical work at a 
plant. 

2. practice. Gfiaaaxb xeopnro c npaK- 
XHKOH. To link theory with prac- 
tice. 

nPAKTflHECK|Hft, -afl, -oe, -ne 

1. practical. IIpaKXHqecKHe aana- 
XHH. Practical studies. 

2. practical. HpaKxaqecKHH COBCX. 
Practical advice. 

HPAHEHHIAa /., gen. -pfi laundry 
GaaBaxb 6enbe B npaqe<rayio. To 
send one's washing to the laundry. 

HPEBPATflTb see HPEBPAmATb 

HPEBPATflTbCH see HPEBPADqiATb- 
CH 

HPEBPAmA|Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. 
K o r 6? q x o? B K o r 6? B o H x 6?/ 
p. npeBpa|xHxb, -my, -xiinib, -XHX 
to turn (into) 

HpeBpaxHXb nycxMHio B caa. To 
turn a desert into an orchard. 



HPE 



no 



HPE 



IIPEBPAmA|TbCH, -iocb, , 

-IOXCH imp. B K o r 6? BOHX 6?/ 
p. npespalxiixbCH, -mycb, -xihnbCH, 
-XHXCH to turn (into) 
Boa npespaxHJiacb B nap. The wa- 
ter turned into vapour. 

nPE^JIArA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
KOMy? HeMy? HXO? & + 
inf. / p. npe;i;jio>KHXb, 



1. to offer. OH npeflJio?KHJi HaM 
KO<$e. He offered us coffee. 

2. to suggest. OH npeaJiojKHJi non- 
TH B KHHO. He suggested that we 
should go to the cinema. 

IIPEAJI05KEHHE 1 neut. 

1. proposal, suggestion. BHCCTH 
npeaJiojKeHHe Ha coopaHHH. To 
make a proposal at a meeting. 
BocnojibaoBaxbCH npeflJioHtemieM. 
To avail oneself of a suggestion. 
EojiesHoe npeAJio>KeHHe. A use- 
ful suggestion. 

2. proposal. CfleJiaxb npefljioweHHe 
JiiofDHMOH fleBymKe. To propose 
to the girl one loves. 

nPE,HJIO3KHHE 2 neut. sentence; 

clause 

nPEAJ105KflTb see HPEflJIArATb 
DPEflMET m. 

1. object. TflJKe'jiHH npe^Mex. A 
heavy object. 

2. subject, fl H3y<iaJi axn npe^Mexu 
B niKOJie. 7 studied these subjects 
at school. 

DPE^nPHIlTHE neut. enterprise 
Pa6oTaTb Ha npe^npHHTHH. To work 
at an enterprise. CospeMeHHoe 
npHHTHe. A modern enterprise. 
m. chairman 
coSpannH. The chair- 
man at a meeting. IlpeflceflaxeJib 
KOJixoaa. A collective-farm chairman. 

IIPEflCTABflTEJIb m. representative 
IIpeACxaBHxeJifl Hapo^a. Representa- 
tives of the people. ilpe^cxaBHxejiH 
aaBOfla. Representatives from a 
plant. 

nPEnCTABHTb see 
JlHTb 

IIPEflCTABJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -lox 
imp. I p. npeflcxalBHXb, -BJIIO, - 

-BHX 

1. q x o? to imagine. 

ce6e KapxHny 6yj[ymero. To 
imagine the future. 



2. K o r o? KOMy? to introduce. 
HoBBOJibxe npe^cxaBHXb saM xo- 
Bapnma H. Let me introduce 
Comrade N. 

IIPEJJCTOlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -rix, -HX imp. K o- 
M y? q e M y? to be ahead 
HaM npeji;cxoHX nHxepecnan noean- 
Ka. We are faced with an interesting 
journey. MHC npe^cxoHx noexaxb na 
cesep. 7 am to go to the north. 

see 



nPE^ynPEHCflA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT 
imp. KOTO? qxo? o ne M?/ 
p. npe^ynpeUHXb, ->ny, -AHmb, -AHT 

1. t^ warn. Ilpeaynpe^iixb qejiose- 
Ka 06 onacHocxH. To warn a per- 
son of danger, npeflynpejuixb ox- 
priA o npn6jiH>KeHHH epara. To* 
warn a detachment of the ap- 
proach of the enemy. 

2. to prevent. ripe^ynpejK^axb 60- 
jiesHb. To prevent a disease. 

IIPfiHCJJE 

1. adv. before, first of all. ITpeH?^ 
MM Bcxpe^aJiHCb qacxo. We used 
often to meet before. ITpeHCfle 
Bcero, cKawtHxe rjiaBHoe. First 
of all, tell me the main thing. 

2. conj. before. IIpejKAe qeM roso- 
pnxb, nOAyMan. Think before you 
speak. 

IIPEJKHjHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne former 

B npeJKHee BpeMfl. In former times; 

in the old days. IIpeJKHHH HanaJib- 

HHK. The former chief. 
nPEKPACH|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 

form npeKpacen, npeKpacH|a, -o^ 

-bi; adv. npeKpacHO 

1. beautiful. Ona 6bijia npeKpacna. 
She was beautiful. 

2. fine, wonderful, beautiful, npe- 
Kpacnan noro^a. Fine weather. 
HpeKpacHbiH cneKxaKJib. A won- 
derful performance. OH npeKpacHO 
xaHn;yex. He dances beautifully. 

3. used as particle very good, fine. 
HpeKpacHO, H aasxpa npH^y. 
Very good, I'll come tomorrow. 

<> B OAHH npeicpaciibiii aeiih. One 

fine day. 

nPEKPATflTb see 
nPEKPATflTbCHsee 

CH 



HPE 



in 



HPH 






nPEKPAmA|Tb, -jo, -emb, -IOT imp. 
TITO? & -j- in/. / p. npeKpaJTHTb, 
-my, -THinb, -THT to stop 
HpeKpaTHTb paaroBOp. To drop a 
conversation. ITpeKpaTHTe paaroBa- 
pHBaTb! Stop talking/ 

[IPEKPAmA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -GTCH, -IOTCH imp./ 
p. npeKpaT|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH to stop 
JJojKflb He npenpamaJiCH. The rain 
didn't stop. Bexep npeKpaTHJiCH. 
The wind has abated. 

HPEMHfl /. bonus 

IIoJiy^HTb npeMHK). To get a bonus. 

IIPEOflOJIEBA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT 
imp. HTO?//>. npeo,nojie|Tb, -10, 
-emb, -JOT to overcome 
IIpeoflOJieBaTb npenHTCTBHH. To 
overcome obstacles. EpeoflOJieTb yc- 
TaJiocib. To overcome fatigue. Ilpe- 
ojjojieTb CTpax. To overcome fear. 

IIPEOJJOJIETb see HPEO^OJIEBATb 

nPELLOftABATEJIb m. teacher 

OntiTHWH npenojjaBaTejib. An ex- 
perienced teacher. EpenoflaBaTejib 
pyccKoro HSHKSU A Russian teacher. 

HPEHHTCTBHE neut. obstacle 

CepbeaHoe npenHTCTBne. A serious 
obstacle. BcTpeinxb npennxcTBHe 
aa nyTH. To meet with an obstacle. 
EpeoflOjieTb Bee npenHTCTBHH. To 
overcome all obstacles. 

nPECTYnjIEHHE neut. crime 

CoBepmHTb npecxynji^HHe. To com- 
mit a crime. 

XIPECTyilHHK m. criminal 

OnacnHH npecTynnHK. A dangerous 
criminal. ApecTOBaxb npecTynnHKa. 
To arrest a criminal. 

IIPH prep, -f- prepos. 

1. in one's presence. He rosopHTe 
Tan npn MHC. Don't speak so in 
my presence. 

2. under. ITpn IleTpe I. Under 
Peter I. 

3. at. Hpn TeMnepaType B 100 rDday- 
COB LJejibCHH BOfla npeBpam;aeTCH 
B nap. At a temperature of 100 C 
water turns into vapour. Epn cepb- 

C3HOM OTHOineHHH K flCJiy Bbl RO- 

6be*Tecb 6ojibmHx ycnexos. // you 
adopt a serious attitude towards 
what you do, you'll make great 
progress. 



4. on, witb. PlMCTb HTO-JiH6o npn 
ce6e. To have something with one. 

5. in. Ilpn CBeTe JiyHH. In the moon- 
light. 

nPHEJlH3KA|TbCH, -rocb, -ernbcn, 
-IOTCH imp. K KOMy? K HCM y?/ 
p. npH6jiH|3HTbCH, -ycb, -smnbCH, 

-3HTCH 

1. to approach. Iloea^ npn6nH>KaeT- 
CH K ropofly. The train is ap- 
proaching the town. \ fig. IIpn6jra- 
3HTbcH K IJCJIH. To get nearer to 
one's aim. 

2. fig. no p. to draw nearer. npn6JiH- 
jKaexcH npaaAHHK. The holiday 
is drawing near. 

nPHBJIflSHTbCH see HPHBJ1H- 

HCATbCH 
HPHBOP m. 

1. device, instrument. To^Hbie 
npn66pbi. Precision instruments. 

2. set. 06eAenHHH npnCop. Cover. 
BpHTBeHHbiH npn66p. Shaving 
requisites. 

IIPHBbIBA|Tb, -jo, -emb, -KT imp. 
Kya? / p. npn6biTb, npn6yA|y, 
-enib, -VT, past npnSbiji, npn6HJia, 
npii6wji|o, -H to arrive 
Fjiasa npaBHTejibCTBa npH6biJi c BH- 
3HTOM B coceflHioio CTpany. The 
head of the government arrived in 
the neighbouring country on a visit. 
CaMOJie'T npnSbiJi TOHHO. The plane 
has arrived on time. 

HPHBb'ITb see HPHBblBATb 

HPHBECTK see DPHBO^flTb 

IIPH BET m. regards 

FopHHHH npHBCT. Warmest regards. 
ITepe^aTb npnBGT flpyry. To send 
a friend one's regards. 

HPHBETCTB|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, 
-yiOT imp. K o r 6? H T o? to wel- 
come 

Bee npHBCTCTBOBaJiH BbicoKoro ro- 
CTH. Everyone welcomed the guest 
of honour. HpHBeTCTBOBaTb pemenne 
npaBHTCJibCTBa. To welcome the de- 
cision of the government. 

IIPHBOJJflTb, npnBOJKy, npnBOAHiiib, 
npHBOflHT imp. K o r o? H T o?/ 
p. npHBCCTH, npHBe^ly, -emb, -yx, 
past npHBe'ji, npHBe;i|a, -6, -w 
1. to bring. HpHBecTH pe6e'HKa B 
flCTCKHH ca^. To bring a child 
to the kindergarten. 



HPH 



112 



HPH 



2. to lead. JJopora npnsejia B jiec. 
The road led to the forest. 

3. fig. to lead. 3xo npHBeJio K TO- 
My, HTO... This led to... 

4. to quote, to cite. npHBOflHXb npn- 
Mepu. To quote examples. IlpHBec- 
TH ijHxaxy. To cite a quotation. 

IIPHBbIKA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp. 
K KOMy? K q e M y? & -f- inf. I p. 
npHBUKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past 
npHBMK, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH 

1. to ^et accustomed. IIpHBbiKaxb 
K HOBOMy KJiHMaxy. To get accus- 
tomed to a new climate. IIpHBbi- 
KaTb K HOBUM xoBapnmaM. To 
get accustomed to new friends. 

2. to get into the habit (of). IIpH- 
BHKayxb KypHTb. To get into 
the habit of smoking. 

see IIPHBblKATb 
/., gen. pi. -en habit 
XoporaaH npHBhiqKa. A good habit. 
BpeaHaH npHBbiqKa. A dangerous 
habit. 

HPHrJIACflTb see HPHrJlAIHATb 

nPHrjIAfflA|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 
KOTO? q x o? & -f~ inf. / p. npnrjiai- 
cnxb, -ray, -ciimb, -car to invite 
npnrjiaciixb jjeaymKy B Teaip. To 
invite a girl to the theatre. IIpii- 
rjiamaib B rocxn. To invite some- 
body to one's house. OH npurjiaciiji 
jtesymKy xaHrjeBaxb. He asked the 
girl to dance with him. 

HPHrjIADIEHHE neut. invitation 
ITojiyqiixb npnrJiaineHHe na se^ep. 
To get an invitation for an evening- 
party. IIpuHfixb npHrjiamenne no- 
cexnxb cxpany. To accept the invi- 
tation to visit a country. 

HPHrOBOP m. sentence 

GnpaseAJiMBbiH npnroBop. A just 
sentence. BbiHOCiixb npnroBOp. To 
pass sentence. IIpHBOZiHXb npnro- 
Bop B HcnojineHne. To execute] a 
sentence. 



-*ycb, 

-flaxen p. KOMy? q e M y? to prove 
useful 

Mne nparoAHJicH XBOH cosex. Your 
advice proved useful to me. 
HPHrOTOBHTb see TOTOBHTb, 1 
nPHFOTOBHTbCH see TOTOBHTb- 
CH 

see 



IIPHfl#MbIBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox 
imp. ixo? / p. npn^yMalxb, -K>, 
-emb, -IQX to make up, to think of, 
to invent 

IlpHflyMaxb npeAJiojKenne. To make 
up a sentence. ITpH^yMaxb HCXO- 
pnio. To invent a story. IlpH^yMaHxe 
HTd-HHOjflb! Think of something! 

nPHE3MCA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
Ky^a?/p. npnexaxb, npH^Aly, 
-emb, -yx to come 
Ilpnexaxb B nyjKOH ropo^. To come 
to a strange city. Ilpnexaxb K po- 
giixenHM. To come to one's parents. 
Hpnexaxb na xpaMBae. To come by 
tram. 

HPHEXATb see HPHESaCATb 

IIPH3IJA|BATb, -K), -emb, -K>X imp. 
KOTO? HXO? / p. npH3na|xb, -10, 
-emb, -jox 

1. to recognise. IlpnaHaBaxb nosoe 
npasiaxeJibcxBO. To recognise a 
new government. 

2. to admit. IIpHanaxb CBOK om6- 
KH. To admit one's mistakes. 

nPH3HA|BATbCfl, -tocb, -embcfl, 
-roxcfl imp. KOMy? q e M y? B 
qeM?/jp. npH3Ha|xbca, -rocb, -emb- 

Cfl, -H)XCfl 

1. to declare, npnanaxbcji aesyraKe 
B jnoSfiii. To declare one's love to 
a girl. 

2. to admit. npnaHaxbCH B CBOHX 
omn6Kax. To admit one's mis- 
takes. 

HPHSHATb see HPH3HABATb 
nPH3HATbCH see IIPH3HABATbCH 
HPHHTfl see HPHXC^flTb 
HPHflTflCb see nPHXOflflTbCH 
HPHKA3 m. order 

GxporHH npHKaa. A strict order. BM- 
noJiHHXb npHKaa KOMaH^Hpa. To 
carry out the commander's order. 
Oxflaxb npHKaa coJi^axaM. To give 
an order to the soldiers. 
HPHKA3ATb see IIPHKASblBATb 
HPHKA3bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
KOMy? 46My?-f inf. / p. npHKa- 
aaxb, npHKawy, npHKaatemb, npn- 
Ka>Kyx to order 

IIpHKaaaxb BoacKaM naqaxt na- 
cxynJieHHe. To order the troops to 
commence an offensive. 
IIPHMEP m. 

1. example. Euxb npnMepOM fljm 
. To set an example for 



OPH 



113 



HPH 



others. CJieAOBaxb npnMepy 6paxa. 

To follow one's brother's example. 

2. example. npHBecxri npHMep. To 

quote an example. 

nPHHAAJIE5K|ATb, -y, -wmb, -ax 
imp. K o M y? q e M y? to belong 
SeMJiH npHHaAJiejKiix Hapo^y. The 
land belongs to the people. 
HPHHECTfl see HPHHOCflTb 
IIPHHHMA|Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. 
K o r 6? H x o?//>. npHHfixb, 
npHMemb, npitMyT, past 
npHHHjia, npiiHHJi|o, -H 

1. to receive. IIpHHHMaxb rocxen. 
To receive guests. 

2. to take. npimHMaxb JienapCTBO. 
To take medicine. 

3. to take. IIpHHaxb pememie. To 
take a decision. 

4. to adopt. npmmxb HOBMH aa- 
KOH. To adopt a new law. IIpH- 
HHXb pe3oJif6n,mo. To adopt a 
resolution. 

5. to accept. HpiraHMaxb npefljio- 
JKeHHe. To accept an offer. Hpii- 
Hfixb npnrjiameHHe. To accept 
an invitation. 

6. to admit. Moero CLina npiinaJiH 
B HHCxnxyx. My son has been 
admitted to the institute. 

7.: IIpHHfiTb ynacTne (B He'M-JiH6o). 
To take part (in something). 

, npHHomy, npHHocninB, 
imp. KOTO? ^ T o?/ 
p. npHHec|TH, -y, -e'mb, -yi, past 
npHHec, npHHecJi|a, -6, -IT 

1. to bring. ITpHHecTii leMOAan. To 
bring a suit -case. 

2. : ripHHOciiTb noJibsy (speA). To 
prove useful (harmful). 

IIPflHIJHII m. principle 

Mwexb TsepflLie npHHmmu. To have 
firm principles. OcHOBHbie npimn;H- 
nw HccjieAOBaHHa. The basic princi- 
ples of investigation. 

HPHHflTb see HIHUHMATb 

HPHPOAA /. nature 

Boratan npnpoAa. Rich plant and 
animal life. Mayqaib npnpoAy. To 
study nature. 

nPHCJIATb see HPHCblJIATb 

nPHC^TCTBIOBATb, -yro, -yemb, 
-ywT imp. re? to be present 
HpHcyTCTBOBaTb na co6paHH. To 
be present at a meeting. OH npn- 
cyiCTBOBaJi npn BTOM pasroBope. 

8-4002 



He was present when this conversa- 
tion took place. 

HPHCblJIAITb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 
KOTO? HTO? KOMy? / p. npn|- 
cJiaib, -nijiio, -nuiemb, -HIJIIOT 

1. ITO? KOMy? to send. IIpHCbi- 
Jiaib niicbMa Maxepa. To send 
letters to one's mother. JIpncjiaTb 
nncbMo no no l iTe. To send a 
letter by post. 

2. K o r 6? 3 a H e M? to send. IIpH- 
cjiaib 6paxa sa KHHroH. To send 
one's brother for a book. 

npnxojKy, npHXcanmb, 
imp. /p. npnHTH, npn/i|y, 
-emb, -yx, past npnme'ji, npnmji|a, 
-6, -H 

1. to come. ripHHxii AOMOH. To 
come home. npuxojjHXb na JieK- 
HHIO. To come to a lecture. IIpH- 
xojjnxb K 6oJibHoMy xoBapnmy. 
To come and see a sick friend. 
IIpuHXH B TOCXH. To come on a 
visit. 

2. to set in. IIpHinjia secna. Spring 
has set in. 

3. to come. HPHHXH K BtiBojiy (pe- 
meHHio). To come to a conclusion 
(a decision). ITpHHXii K corJia- 
meHHK). To come to an agree- 
ment. 

4.:IIpHHXH B Bocxopr. To be enrap- 

tured. 

<> Mne B rojioey iipiniuia Mbicjib. 
An idea occurred to me. HpuHTH 
B ce6a. To come to one's senses. 
IIpmlTH B coanainic. To regain 
consciousness. 



impers. 

imp. KOMy? / p. npHHXflcb, npn- 
flexcH, past npnmjiocb to have (to) 
MHO npnaexcH eaM BCC paccKaaaxb. 
I'll have to tell you everything. HaM 
npiraiJiocb npOHHxaxb SoJibiuofi Ma- 
TepMaJi. We had to read much ma- 
terial. 

HPHHECATbCH see HPHHECbl- 
BATbCH 

HPHqECblBAITbCH, -rocb, -enibcn, 
-IOTCH imp. HCM?/P. npHHecarbCH, 
npuqemycb, npHnemembCH, npn- 
qemyTCH to comb one's hair 

HPHHflHA /. cause, reason 

CMCflXbca 6ea npHHHHbi. To laugh 
without any reason. 



EPH 



114 



HPO 



IIPHflTH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form npHHxeH, npHHXHJa, -o, -H; 
adv. npHHXHO pleasant, nice 

qeJioBOK. A nice person. 
nBex. A nice colour. 
HOBOCTb. Pleasant news. 
\predic. impers. MHC SbiJio npHHXHO 
CJtymaxb ero. It was pleasant to 
me to listen to him. 

IIPO prep. -}- ace., colloq. about 

PaccKa>Kn npo ce6H. Tell about 

yourself. OH paccKasaJi HaM CKaaKy 

npo BoJiKa. He told us a tale about 

a wolf. 

<> HnTaxb npo ce6fl. To read to 

oneself. 

IIPOE|OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox 
imp. q T o? or -f- inf. /p. no- 
np66|oBaTfc, -yio, -yemb, -yiox 

1. to ^try. HonpoSoBaxb pernnxb 
saAaqy. To try to solve the prob- 
lem. 

2. to taste. IIonp66oBaxb cyn. To 
taste the soup. 

3.: OH nonp66oBaJi CBOH CHJIBI B 
<J>yx6oJie. He tried his skill at 
football. 

nPOBfcPIITb see DPOBEPflTb 
IIPOBEPfl|Tb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp. 

HXO? / p. npOBep|HXb, -K), -HUIb, 

-HX to check, to try 
EpoBepHTb ynpawneHHe. To check 
an exercise. DpOB^pHTb onux. To 
check an experiment. 
IIPOBECTfl see IlPOBOJJflTB 1 



6. to spend. IIpoBecxH 

B flepeBHe. To spend one's holi- 
days in the country. 
IIPOBOAflTB 2 see HPOBOHCATB 
OPOBO}KA|TB, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. 
K o r 6? / p. npoBOflrixb, 



imp./p. nposecxij, npo- 
B6A|y, -einb, -yx, past nposeji, npo- 
Beji|a, -6, -H 

1. KOTO? HXO? Ky^a? to lead. 
OH npOBCJi rocxa B KOMHaxy. 
He led the guest into the room. 
IIpOBecxH napoxoA no KanaJiy. 
To navigate a ship through a 
canal. 

2. to run over. IIpoBecxii pyKon no 
BOJiocaM. To run one's hand over 
one's hair. 

3. to draw. ITpoBecxn JIHHHIO. To 

draw a line. 

4. to put. IIpoBecxii Kanaji B ny- 
cxiJHe. To cut a canal through 
the desert. HpOBecxH paflno, raa. 
To put radio, gas (in the house). 

5.: IlpOBecxit aKCKypcnio. To con- 
duct an excursion. 



1. to see (somebody home). OH 
npOBOflHJi fleBymny ROMOVL. He 
saw the girl home. 

2. to see off. HpOBowaxb flpyra Ha 
BOKaaJi. To see one's friend to 
the railway station. B<iepa MH 
npOBOwajin npo$coK)3Hyio ^ejie- 
rannio. Yesterday we saw off a 
trade-union delegation. 

nporpAMMA /. 

1. programme. HporpaMMa Ha nxb 
Jiex. A five-year programme. 
EporpaMMa napxHH. A party 
programme. 

2. programme. IIporpaMMa KOHn,e"p- 
xa. The programme of the con- 
cert. TeaxpajibHan nporpaMMa. 
A theatre programme. 

3. syllabus. IIporpaMMa no Maxe- 
MaxHKe. A syllabus in mathemat- 
ics. 

HPOAAJBATB, -K), -enib, -rox imp. 
HXO? KOTO? KOM y?//>. npo,aaxb, 
nooflaM, npOAamb, npoflacx, npo^a- 
HM, npofla^Hxe, npofla^yx, past 
npoflaji, npo^ajia, npoAaji|o, -H to 
sell 

Ha pbiHKe npo#ai6x <|)pyKXH H OBO- 
m,n. They sell fruit and vegetables 
at the market. 

IIPOAAB|l{ m. t gen. -n.a shop-assis- 
tant, salesman 

Pa6oxaxb nponaBDiOM. To work as 
a shop-assistant (salesman). 

HPO^ATb see IIPOflAlUTb 

nPO^OJlHCA|Tb, -K), -emb, -x imp. 
HXO? & + inf. to continue 
IIpOAOJijKaxb paaroBop. To continue 
the conversation. IIpo;ioji5Kaxb nexb. 
To continue singing. 

nPOflOJlJKAlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH 
imp. to last 

Co6panne npoojiwaJiocb ^o Bene- 
pa. The meeting lasted till the 
evening. 

nPO^OJ13KEHHE neut. continuation 
npo,noJi}KeHHe pa3FOB6pa. The con- 
tinuation of a coniersation. IlpOflOJi- 



IIPO 



115 



ni j o 



pOMana. The continuation of 
a novel. 

<$> llpojiojftKeime cjieflyer. To be 
continued. 

pi. provisions 

HHTaHHH. Food-stuffs. 

npOAyKTbi. Dairy prod- 
ucts. HoKynaTb npOAVKTH B Mara- 
3Jme. To buy provisions at a shop. 
IIPOE35KA|Tb, -10, -enib, -K>T imp. 
q T o? M H M o Her 6? I p. npoexaxb, 
npoeAly, -emb, -yx 

1. to drive past. IIpoesJKaTb ropofl. 
To drive past a town. Ilpoea- 
5Kaib MHMO AOMa. To drive past 
a house. 

2. to cover (a distance). EpoexaTb 
CTO KHJiOMerpoB. To cover 100 
kilometres. B ^enb MM npoea- 
?Kajra 50 KM. We covered 50 kilo- 
metres a day. 

3. to miss, fl ne snaji, rjje nyjKHO 
BbixoAHTb, H npoexaji ocxaHOBKy. 
/ didn't know where to get off 
and missed my stop, fl nacTO 
npoeajKaio CBOIO ociaHoBKy. / 
often miss my stop. 

IIPOEXATb see IIPOE3}KATb 

IIPO|JKflTb, -JKHBy, -JKHBCmb, -JKHByT, 

past npomnji, npojKHJia, npoJKHJijo, 
-H p. to live 

OH npo>KHJi 75 JICT. He lived 75 
years, fl npo>KHJi B STOM ropo^e 
10 Jiei. / lived 10 years in that 
town. 

nPO3PAHH|blfl, -aa, -oe, -me trans- 
parent 

nPOHFPATb see HPOflrPblBATb 
HPOflrPblBAITb, -H), -emb, -KT imp. 

HTO? KOMy? HCM y?/p. npOHT- 

pa|ib, -to, -emb, -IOT to lose (a 
game, etc.), to be defeated 
Kama KOMaH^a nponrpajia. Our 
team lost. HponrpaTb sonny. To be 
defeated in the war. 
nPOH3BEAEHHE neut. work 

IlpoH3BeAeHHe HcnyccTBa. A work 
of art. IIpOHSBeAeHHfl IlymKHHa. 
The works of Pushkin. 
nPOH3RECTfl see nPOH3BOAflTb 
HPOHSBO^flTb, nponsBOJKV, npona- 
BoAHmb, npOHSBOAflT imp. q T o?/ 
p. npOH3BecTM, nponsBCAly, -emb, 
-y?,past npoHSBeji, npoH3BeJi|a,-6, -H 
1. to produce. UpoHBBOAHTb 
KH. To produce machine-tools. 

8* 



2. fig. to make. IIpOH3BecTH 

Koe BneqaiJieHHe. To make a 
profound impression. 
IIPOH3BC#CTBO neut. 

1. OUtput. EpOHSBOACTBO CTEJIH. 

Steel output. 

2. production. OpyAHH nponsBOA- 
CTBa. Implements of production. 

nPOH3HOmHHE neut. pronuncia- 
tion 

IIpaBHJibHoe npOHSHomeHHe. The 
correct pronunciation. 
HPOHSOflTfl see HPOHCXOaflTb 
nPOHCXO^flTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. nponcxoAHT, npo- 

HCXOA^T imp. I p. npOHSOHTH, 1st & 

2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo- 
HSOHAleT, -yx, past nponsome'ji, 
npOH3omJi|a, -6, -H to happen 
Co MHOH npOHsome'ji HHTepecHbia 
cayman. An interesting thing hap- 
pened to me. ^TO 3Aecb nponcxo- 
AHT? What's happening here? STOFO 
6ti HC npoHSomjio, CCJIH 6u BLI 6ti- 
JIH ocTOpoHtHH c orHCM. This would 
not happened had you been careful 
with fire. 

IIPOflTfl see IIPOXOAftTb 

nPOMb'IfflJIEHHOCTb /. industry 
TflJKe'jian npoMunuieHHOCTb. The 
heavy industry. Jlernafl npOMMm- 
jieHHOCTb. The light industry. Pas- 
BHBaTb npOMLimJieHHOCTb. To devel- 
op industry. 

nPOMKimJlEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He 
industrial 

IIpOMHiBJieHHbiH ropOA- An indus- 
trial town. npoMLimJieHHbiH n,eHTp, 
paaoH. An industrial centre, region 

nPOILAJJAITb, -10, -emb, -K>T imp. I p. 
nponacxb, nponaAly, -emb, -yx, 
past nponaji, -a, -o, -H 

1. to be lost. V MCHH nponaji HOCOBOH 
nJiaTOK. / lost my handkerchief. 

2. to disappear. OH yme'ji Biepa 
Be^epOM H nponaJi. He went 
away yesterday evening and dis- 
appeared. 

3. to be wasted. BpeMH nponajio 
spa. The time has been wasted. 

<$ Bee nponajio! All is lost/ H 
nponaji. 7 am a lost man! 
HPOnACTb see HPOnAflATb 
IIPOnyCKA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -K)T imp. 
K o r 6? H T o? / p. nponyciHTb, npo- 
nym,y, nponycTHmb, nponycxflT 



npo 



116 



npo 



1. to let through. TprisHoe CXCKJIO 
HJIOXO nponycKaex csex. A dirty 
glass lets the light through badly. 

2. to let go before. IIponycKaxb 
AesyniKy Bnepe'A- To let a girl 
go before one. 

3. to omit. Ilponycxrixb CJIOBO B 
AHKxaHxe. To omit a word in 
the dictation. 

4. to miss. IIponycKaxb JICKIJHH. 
To miss lectures. 

nponycTftTb see nponycKATb 

IIPOCftTb, npomy, npocninb, npocax 
imp. K o r 6? HTO? o H e M? & 
-f p. inf. I p. nonpocaxb, nonpo- 
my, nonpocHuib, nonpocax to ask 
ripociixb xoBapama o noMomH. 
To ask one's friend for help. Ilo- 
npocrixb HOBIJH wypHaJi y Apyra. 
To ask a friend for a new maga- 
zine. OH npociiJi nac nponnxaxb 
paccKaa em,e pas. He asked us to 
read the story once more. Mti no- 
npocnjiH, uxoobi OH nome'ji c naMH. 
We asked him to go with us. 
nPOCHVTbCH see IIPOCblllATbCH 
IIPOCnEKT m. avenue 
DPOCTflTb see nPOUJVTb 
HPOCTflTbCH see nPOIIJATbCH 
IIPOCT|Ofl, -an, -6e, -we, short form 
npocT, npocia, npocxjo, -LI; adv. 
npocTo; comp. npome 

1. simple. IIpocToH npn66p. A 
simple device, npociafl aaAana. 
A simple problem. 3xo 6 l ienb 
npocxo c;j,eJiaxb. It is very sim- 
ple to do. 

2. ordinary. HpocxoH qejioBeK. An 
ordinary man. 

3. npocxo particle simply, merely, ff 
CKaaaJi axo npocxo xan. / said this 
for no special reason. 3xo npo- 
cxo nexoporao. It is simply not 
nice. 

UPOCTPAHCTBO neut. space 

EpocxpaHCXBo H speMH. Space and 
time. Be.iBOSAyniHoe npocxpaHCXBO. 
A vacuum. 

nPOCTyflftTbCH see HPOCT^HCH- 
BATbCH 

nPOCTS^JKHBAITbCH, -rocb, -embca, 
-IOXCH imp. / p. ^npocxyjjaxbCH, 
npocryntycb, npocxy^HinbCfl, npo- 
cxy^Hxcfl to catch cold 
OceHbH) JierKo MOJKHO npocxyAHXb- 
ca. In autumn people catch colds 



easily. OH crijibno 
He caught a bad cold. 

HPOCTblHH /., pi. npocxbiHH, npo- 
cxuHb, npocxtiHHM, etc. bedsheet 

nPOCbinA|TbCH, -iocb, -enibCH, -IOT- 
CH imp. I p. npocnlyxbCH, -ycb, 
-enibCH, -yxcH to awake 
IIpocHyxbCH paHO yxpoM. To awake 
early in the morning. 

HPOCbBA /. request 

OSpaxHXbCH c iipocbSoH. To make 
a request. Bbinojinnxb npdcb6y. To 
comply with one's request. V MCHH 
K BaM 6oJibmaH npocb6a. / have a 
great favour to ask of you. 

HPOTHB prep. + gen. 

1. opposite. GxottXb npoxne oKHa. 
To stand opposite the window. 

2. ffgainst. BopoxbCH npoxna Bpa- 
ra. To fight against the enemy. 

3. against, in the opposite direc- 
tion. WJJXH npoxHB Bexpa. To 
go against the wind. 

nPOXJIAflHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form npoxjiaAeH, npoxjiaAHJa, -o, 
-bi; adv. npoxjiaAHO cool 
HpoxjiaAHbiH Benep. A cool evening. 
\predic. impers. CeroAHH na 
yjnme npoxjiaAHO. It is cool outside 
today. 

IIPOXOJJflTb, npoxojKy, npox6AHmb, 
npoxoAflT imp. / p. npoHxw, npon- 
A|y, -einb, -yx, past npome'ji, npo- 
inJi|a, -6, -H 

1. to move. IIpoHXH Bnepe'A. To 
move to the front. IIpOHxii no 
3'jran.e. To go along the street. 

2. to go through. Tlpoaxn qepea 
Jiec. To go through the forest. 
Jlyqii coJiHHa He woryx npoaxH 
CKBoab rycxyio Jincxsy. The sun's 
rays cannot penetrate the thick 
foliage. Paapeimixe nponxH. Will 
you let me pass, please? 

3. to go past. IIpoxoAwxi, MHMO 
3A3HHH. To go past a building. 

4. to cover. ITpoaxH aa Aenb GoJiee 
20 KHJioMexpoB. To cover over 20 
kilometres a day. 

5. to be over. 3nMa nponuia. The 
winter is over. ITpouuio xpn ^a- 
ca. Three hours went by. 

6. to cease. FojioBnaa 6ojib nponuia. 
The headache has ceased. /JoHUb 
npome'ji 6ticxpo. It soon stopped 
raining. 



HPO 



117 



nyc 



7. to study. npoxo^iiTb Kypc <J>H- 
3HKH. To study a course of phys- 
ics. Hpoxo/jMTb Kypc jieieHHH. 
To undergo treatment. 
IIPOHHTATb see HHTATb 
IIPOHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
npoHGH, npo*ma, npoHHJo, -bi; adv. 



1. durable. HPOHHUH Maxepnaji. A 
durable material. 

2. fig. strong, lasting. Hpo^HUH 
MHD. A lasting peace. Haina 
flpy>K6a npoiHa. Our friendship 
is strong. 

nPOfflJI|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He last 

B npouiJiOM ro#y. Last year. Ha 
npouuiOH ne/jeJie. Last week. 

EIPOIIJ I A|TI>, -K>, -einb, -KT imp. KO- 
TO? H T o? / p. npojcTHTb, -my, 

-CTlIinb, -CTHT 

1. to forgive. HpocTHTb HejioBep. 
To forgive a person. Ilpomaib 
oinriSKH. To forgive one's mis- 
takes. IIpocTHTe Mena! Excuse me! 

2. sorry. TIpocTiiTe, BM ne snaexe, 
r#e HsaHOB? Sorry, do you know 
where Ivanov is? ripocxiixe, BLI 
ne cKjmexe, KaK npoexaxb B 
GoKOJibHHKH? Excuse me, can 
you tell me how to get to So- 
kolniki? 

IIPOmA|TbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -IOTCH 
imp. c KCM? c HCM? / p. npo|- 
CTHTbCH, -njycb, -CTHinbCH, -CTHTCH, 
or nonpon;a|TbCfl, -rocb, -embca, 
-IOTCH 

1. to take leave. HonpomaTbCH c po^- 
HMMH nepe.it oxtesAOM. To say 
good-bye to one's relatives before 
one's departure. 

2. fig.: IIpOCTnTbCH C MCHT6H. To 

give up one's dream. 
<C> npomafi(ie)! Good-bye/ 
HPOHBftTb see HPOflBJlHTb 
nPOHBJlH|Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. 

^ T 0? / p. HDOHBHTb, npOHBJIIO, HpO- 
flBHfflb, npOHBHT 

1. to display. IIpOHBHTb HHTepec 
K TCMC. To display an interest 
in a subject. IIpoflBHTb BHHMa- 
HHC K ycnexaM ^pyra. To show 
interest in one's friend's success. 
DpOHBHTb 3a66xy. To show so- 
licitude. IIpOHBHTb CMCJIOCTb, 
repOH3M. To display courage, 
heroism. 



2. to develop. IIpoflBHTb 

To develop a film. 
nPb'IFAITb, -K), -eiiib, -IOT imp./ 
p. npBirHlyTb, -y, -enib, -yT to jump 
IIpbirHyTb ^epea cxyji. To jump 
over a chair. HpbiraTb c 6epera B 
BO Ay. To jump from the shore into 
the water. EpbiraTb B flJiimy. To 
do a long jump. DpbiraTb B BMCO- 
Ty. To do a high jump, ripwraxb 
c napaoiiOTOM. To parachute. 
nPb'irHYTb see HPttrATb 
HPflMIOH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
npHM, npHMa, npHM|o, -bi; adv. 
npHMO 

1. straight. IIpflMaa JIHHHH. A 
straight line. IIpflMaH flopora. 
A straight road. MAHTC BCC BpeMH 
npaMO. Go straight on all the time* 

2. only complete form through. 
IIpHMoe cooSmeHHe MejK^y ropo- 
flaMH. A through service between 
towns. 

3. fig. frank. IIpHMOH OTBCT. A frank 
answer. HpHMOH xapaKTep. A 
sincere character. GnasaTb npas- 
ay npaMO B JIHU,O. To speak the 
truth to one's face. 

HPH|TATb, -qy, -nenib, -^iyT imp. 

K o r 6? H T o? o T K o r 6? o T ^ e- 

ro?/p. cnpa|TaTb, -ny, -nemb, -nyr 

to hide 

HpaTaTb CHHHKH OT pe6e'HKa. To 

hide the matches from the child. 
nP#|TATbCH, -Hycb, -Henibcn, -nyTCH 

imp. OT KOTO? OT qer 6?/ 

p. cnpH|TaTbCH, -nycb, -qeuibCH^ 

-nyTCH to hide 

IIpHTaTbrH OT sparoB B Jiecy. To 

hide from the enemies in the woods. 
IITflIU /. bird 

IlTHn;bi jiexeJiH K rory. The birds 

were flying to the south. 

<> ^OMUIIIIIJIII nTHii,a. (no pi.) 

Poultry. 
n^rOBH'qA /. button 

SacxernyTb najibxo na BCO nyro- 

BHiibi. To button up one's coat. 
nyCKA|Tb, -K), -enib^ -IOT imp./ 

p. nyCTHTb, nyin;y, nycTHinb, nyc- 

THT 

1. to let go. H HHKy^a Te6a He 
nymy! CKaaaJia MaTb. "/ won't 
let you go anywhere!" said the 
mother. Maxb He nycKaJia ero 
ryjiHTb. The mother would not 



nyc 



118 



PAB 



let him go for a walk. MX nyc- 
THJIH B flOM. They were let into 
the house. 

2. to put into operation. nycxrixb 
ajieKxpocxaHn,Hio. To put an 
electric power station into ope- 
ration. HycxHXb noea^. To start 
a train service. 

<> Elycxiixb Kopini. To take root. 

IlycTHXfa B XOA. To set in motion. 

llycKaxb n i.i.i i, B r.iasa. To show 

off. 

IiyCTfiTb see HYCKATb 
nyCT|Ofl, -an, -6e, -we, short form 

nycT, nycxa, nycxjo, -ti; adv. nyexo 

1. empty. IlycxoH cxaKan. An 
empty glass. 3an 6biJi nycx. The 
hall was empty. Ha yjraije SHJIO 
nycxo. The street was deserted. 

2. fig. shallow. IlycxoH qejiOBeK. 
A shallow person. ITycxoH cnop. 
A pointless argument. 

nyCTb'IHH /. desert 

nyCTb particle let 

Ilycxb OH npHflex saexpa. Let him 
come tomorrow. Ilycxb scerfla 6y- 
jjex cojranel May there always be 
sunshine! 

nyTEmECTBHE neut. journey, voy- 
age, trip 

KpyrocsexHoe nyxemecxBne. A 
round-the-world journey, nyxemecx- 
BHC no Mopro. A voyage. nyxeinecx- 
BHC B Espony. A journey to Europe. 
CoBepmHXb nyxeraecxBne no 
cxpane. To travel in a country. 

nyTEIDCTB|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, 
-yrox imp. to travel 
nyxemecxBOBaxb no cxpane. To 
travel in a country. nyieniecxBO- 
Baxb no Mopro. To travel by sea. 
H JiioSjiK) nyxemecxBOBaxb. / like 
travelling. 

m., gen., dat., prepos. nyxn, 
instr. nyxe'M; pi. nyxn, nyxen, 
nyxHM etc. 

1. way. 3xox nyxb caMHH K0p6x- 
KHH. This way is the shortest. 

2. journey. BaM npeflcxorix xpyflHHH 
H onacHWH nyxb. There is a 
difficult and dangerous journey 
ahead of you. 

3. fig. way. KaKHM nyxem BH o6n- 
JiHCb xaKHX peayjibxdxoB? How 
(in what way) did you achieve 
such results? 



<> Bw CTOIITC ea nepiioM nyxii. 
You are on the right track. HAXH 
no IH'PHOMV nyxn. To go along 
the right road. CqacxjiHRoro ny- 
TH! A happy journey! OH samcji 
KO MHO no nyxH. He dropped 
in at my place on the way. Ho 
nyxH AOMOU n KVIHI.I raaexy. 
On my way home I bought a 
newspaper. Ha ofipaxnoM nyxn. 
On one's way back. 

1ILIJ1L /., prepos. B nujiii dust 
Cxnpaxb nbiJib. To dust. 

IlbECA /. play 

3xa nbeca HACX B xefixpe MaHK6s- 
CKoro. This play is on at the Maya- 
kovsky Theatre. 3xy nbecy no- 
cxaBHJi OXJIOHKOB. This play was 
staged by Okhlopkov. nbecti H6ce- 
na. Plays by Ibsen. 

Hbtflllbin, -aa, -oe, -He 

1. drunk. 

2. used as n. a drunken man. 
IlflTEPO num. five 

IlHxepo apyaeH. Five friends. 
IIHTHO neut., pi. naxna, naxen stain 
HepHHJibnoe HHXHO. An ink-stain. 



PABOTA /. 

1. no pi. work. Tn>Ke'jiaH pa66xa. 
Hard work. Pa66xa aJieKxpo- 
CT&HIJHH. The work of the elec- 
tric power station. 

2. no pi. work, job. Hocxynnxb Ha 
pa66xy. To go to work. Iloxe- 
pnxb pa66xy. To lose one's job. 
HanxH pa66xy. To find a job. 
Hflxii Ha pa66xy. To go to work. 

3. work. BticxaBKa pa66x xyflOJK- 
HHKa. Exhibition of an artist's 
works. 

PAE<3TA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 

1. to work. OH pa66xaex xopomo. 
He works well. Pa66xaxb HHJKC- 
nepOM. To work as an engineer. 
Pa66xaxb B HHcxnxyxe. To work 
at an institute. Pa66xaxb c HH- 
xepeVoM. To work with interest. 

2. to work. Pa66xaxb naa cxaxbefi, 
Ha^ KHiiroH. To work at an 
article, at a book. 

3. to work. ManiHHa pa66xaex 
OXJIHHHO. The machine works per- 
fectly well. 



PAB 



119 



PA3 



<$ KTO He paSoxaeT, TOT ee ecT. 

He who does not work, neither shall 

he eat. 

PABOH|HK m , gen. -ero worker 
PAEG^iMfl, -an, -ee, -ne 

1. working. Pa66*nra KJiacc. The 
working-class. Pa66iee ABHJKC- 
HHe. The working-class move- 
ment. 

2. working. PaSoqee speMH. Work- 
ing hours. Pa6oHHH KOCTIOM. 
Working clothes. 

jjeHb. Working day. 
cii.ia. Manpower. 

-afl, -oe, -He, 
short form paBHOAymeH, paBHO- 
AyuiH|a, -o, -H; adv. paBHOAynrao 
indifferent 

OH paBHOAynien K npnpoAe. He is 
indifferent to nature. 
PABH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -me, short form 
paBGH, paBHla, -6, -H 

1. equal. PaBHwe CHJIH. Equal 
forces. 

2. equal. MH see SAecb paBHH. We 
are all equal here. 

3. equal. /Jsa HJIIOC flBa pasno ne- 
TLipeM. Two plus two is four. 

<> Mee see pamiu. It's all the 
same to me. 

-a, -o, -H short adj. KOMy? 
H e M y? & -|- * n f (to be) glad 
fl BaM oneHb pa#. / am very glad 
to see you. MH paAH BaniHM ycne- 
xaM. We rejoice at your success. 
Pafl Bac BHAexb. I'm glad to see 
you. fl pa a, HTO BH npHimra. I'm 
glad you have come. 

neut. t indecl., no pl.^ 

1. radio. H3o6peTeHHe pa^HO. The 
invention of the radio. IlepeAa- 
Baib no paAHO. To broadcast. 

2. radio. ITpOBecTH paano. To 
put radio (in a house). BKJUOTOTb 

To turn on the radio. 



aAHO. To turn off 
the radio. CJiyinaTb paAHO. To 
listen to the radio. 3 
PAjJ|OBATb, -yro, -yerab, -yioT imp. 
KOTO? HTO?//>. o6paA|oBaTb, -yro, 
-yemb, -yrox to make glad 
Hac paAyiOT Bauin ycnexn. We 
rejoice at your success. Mena o6pa- 
AOBaJio TBoe nncbMO. 7 was glad 
to receive your letter. 



PAfllOBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembcfl, 
-yiOTca imp. K o M y? H e M y?/ 
p. o6paA|oBaTbca, -yiocb, -yenibcn, 
-yiOTCH to rejoice 

PaAosaTbcH Becne. To rejoice at 
spring. MH paAyeMCH BaniHM ycne- 
xaM. We rejoice at your success. 

PAflOCTb /. joy, happmess 

y Mena 6oJibuiafl paAOCTb. 7 have 
great joy. OH CKaaaJi MHC 06 DTOM 
c paAOCTbro. He told me about it 
with joy. 

PAS m. 

1. time. }Kn3Hb A^eTCH TOJibKO 
OAHH pas. Life is given to man 
only once. HecKOJibKO pas. Sev- 
eral times. 

2. time. B nepBHH pas. For the 
first time. Ha BTOT pas. This 
time OAHH pas HAy fl no yjra- 
n,e... One day I was going along 
the street ... 

<> KaK pas. Just. He pas. More 
than once. HM pasy. Not once, 
never. CCMB pas OTMepb, OAHH 
pas OTpe>Kb. Gf. Measure thy cloth 
ten times; thou canst cut it but 
once. 

PA3BHBA|TbCH -rocb, -enibCH, -IOTCH 
imp. I p. pasSnTbCfl, paso6b|Eocb, 
-enibcfl, -IOTCH 

1. to break. CxanaH pasSnjicfl. The 
glass has broken. CxeKJio pas6n- 
Jiocb. The glass has broken. 

2. to crash. GaMOJiex paaSnjicfl. The 
plane has crashed. 

PASBflTb see BPITb 
PA3BflTbCfl see PASBHBATbCfl 
PA3BYAflTb see BYAflTb 
PA3BE emphatic particle really 

Passe JIeK^HH KOHHHJiacb? Has 
the lecture ended? Passe TH ne 
anaemb? Don't you know? 
PA3BEJHIKA /., gen. pi. -OK 

1. prospecting. PasseAKa noJiesHHX 
HCKonaeMHX. Prospecting for 
mineral deposits. 

2.: BoSAynmafl passeAKa. Air recon- 
naissance. 

3.: BoeHHafl passeAKa. Intelligence. 
4. intelligence service. PaSoxa pas- 
B6AKH. The work of the intelli- 
gence service. 
PA3BHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. 

HTO?//>. paSBHTb, paPOBb|K>, - 

-IOT to develop 



PA3 



120 



PAH 



PasBHBaxb naMHXb. To develop 
one's memory. PaaBHBaib npOMLJiii- 
JienHOCTb. To develop industry. 
PasBiiBaxb MwcJib. To develop one's 
idea. PasBnsaxb CKOpocxb. To de- 
velop speed. 

PA3BHBA|TbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. 
to develop 

PeSeaoK 6bicxpo pasBHBaexcH. The 
child develops quickly. ripOMtimJieH- 
HOCTb pasBHBaexcfl ycneumo. The 
industry is developing successfully. 

PASBflTHE neut., no pi. development 
Pa3BHxne npoMwniJieHHOcTH, nay- 
KH. The development of industry, 
of science. 

PA3BfiTb see PASBHBATb 

PA3BftTbCfl see PA3BHBATbCH 

PA3rOBAPHBA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT 
imp. o K 6 M? o H e M? CKCM? 
to speak 

PasrosapHBaxb c flpyroM no-pyc- 
CKH. To speak to a friend in Rus- 
sian. PasroBapHBaxb o aaHHinnx, 
o anaKOMbix. To speak about one's 
lessons, about one's acquaintances. 

PA3FOBOP m. conversation 

MHxepecHbra pasroBop. An interest- 
ing conversation. PasroBop no xe- 
jietfxDHy. A telephone conversation. 

PA3^A|BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp./ 
p. pa3,naxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. paa^acTCH, paajja- 
#yxcH, past pa3fl|aJicH, -ajiacb, -ocb, 
-neb to be heard 
PasflaJiCH 3BOHOK. A bell was heard. 
B^aJiH pas^aioicH rojioca. Voices 
are heard in the distance. PasflaJicn 
ynap rpOMa. A thunderclap was heard. 

PASflATbCfl see PAS^AfiATbCfl 

PA3,HEBA|TbCH, -iocb, -enibCH, -IOTCH 
imp. I p. pa3Ae|Tbcfl, -nycb, -Henibcn, 
-HyxcH to undress 
PasjteBaTbCH nepe^ CHOM. To un- 
dress before going to bed. Pa3fleBaa- 
Tecb, nowaJiyHCTa! Take off your 
coat, pleasel 

PAS^EJlflTb see JJEJlflTb 

PA3flETbCfl see 

PA3MfiP m. size 

PasMep 66yBH. The size of foot- 
wear. JIoKaHWTe, nomaJiyncTa, 
KOCTIOM 50-ro pasMepa. Show me a 
size 50 suit, please. 



PA3H|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He (sing, used 
rarely) 

1. different, y HHX pasnue xapaK- 
Tepu. Their characters are quite 
different. 

2. different. JKnib B pasnux ropo- 
flax. To live in different cities. 

3. various. CxyfleHTbi pasnux na- 
nHOHaJibHOCieH. Students of va- 
rious nationalities, ^ejieraxbi H3 
pa3Hux cxpae. Delegates from 
various countries. 

PA30flTftCb see PACXO^flTbCfl 
PA30PBATb see PBATb 
PA3PE3ATb see P3ATb 

PA3PEfflA|Tb, -K), -euib, -rox imp. 
qxo? KOMy? &-}- inf. /p. paspe- 
mjHXb, -y, -Hinb, -ax to allow 
Pa3puiHXb 6oJibHOMy Bcxasaxb. To 
allow the patient to get up. Paspe- 
niHxe npOHxi'i! May I get past, 
please? Paspeninxe BOHXH! May I 
come in? 

PA3PEmftTb see PASPEfflATb 

PA3PyfflA|Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. 
T i x o?//>. pa3pym|HXb, -y, -nnib, 
-ax to destroy 

PaspyuiHXb AOM. To destroy a 
house. PaspyniHXb ropofl. To destroy 
a city. 

PA3PyfflHTb see PA3PymATb 

PA3T>E3HA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -CXCH, -IOXCH 
imp. Kyaa? oxKya?/p. pa3i,e- 
xaxbca, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. pa3T>e,u,|excH, -yxcn to go 
away in different directions 
KaH^tiH ro/j cxyflenxbi pa3i>e37KS- 
IOXCH na KaHHKyjitr. Each year the 
students disperse for the holidays. 

PA3T>XATbCH see PAS'bESSKATb- 
Cfl 

PAflOH m. 

1. region, area. 9xo o6mHpHbiH 
npOMLJmJieHHHH paHOH. It is a 
vast industrial area. 

2. district (an administrative di- 
vision). H JKHBy B JleHHHCKOM 
paHoee MOCKBH. / live in the 
Lenin district in Moscow. 

PAKETA /. rocket 

Sanycxnxb panexy B KOCMOC. To 
launch a rocket into outer space. 

PAH|HTb, -ro, -Hrab, -HT Kor6? BO 
e M? imp. & p. to wound 



PAH 



121 



PEB 



PaHHXb nyjien. To wound with a 
bullet. | impers. EoHua paHHJio B py- 
Ky. The soldier was wounded in the 
arm. 
PAHIl|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -HG early 

PaHHee yxpo. An early morning. 
PaHHne (JpyKXbi. Early fruit. 
PAHO adv., comp. panbme 

1. early. Pano yxpoM. Early in the 
morning. Bcxaxb pa HO. To get up 
early. Pa HO Jienb cnaTb. To go 
to bed early. 3nMa nacxyniijia 
paHO. Winter came early. H 
npHiue'ji pa HO, a OH erne panb- 
nie. / came early, but he had 
come still earlier. H pano na- 
yqHJiCH qnxaxb. / learned to 
read early. 

2. predic. impers. (it is) early. 06e- 
Aaxb eme pano. It is too early 
to dine yet. Cefiqac pano. It is 
early now. 

HCM paiibinc, T6M jiyqnie. The 

earlier, the better. 
PAHbfflE adv. before 

Panbiiie OH 6biJi ApyrHM. He was 

different before. 

PACCEPflflTJbCH see CEPflflTbCH 
PACCKA3 m. 

1. story. PaccKas MaJibHHKa MCHH 
BSBOJiHOBaji. The boy's story 
moved me. 

2. story. MnxepecHbra paccnda. An 
interesting story. C66pHHK pac- 
CKaaoB. A collection of stories. 

PACCKA3ATB see PACCKA3BIBATB 
PACCKA3blBA|Tb, -10, -enib, -IOT 

H T 0? K 6 M? O H 6 M? imp./ 

p. paccKaaaxb, paccKawy, paccKa- 
jKeuib, paccKa>KyT to tell 
PaccKaaaTb HCTOPHIO. To tell a story. 
PaccKasaib o Apyre, o JKHBHH. To 
tell about one's friend, life. PaccKa- 
3WBaTb CKaaKH A6THM. To tell fairy- 
tales to children. 
PACCTOHHHE neut. distance 

PaCCTOHHHe MCJKfly ^ByMH TOHK3MH. 

The distance between two points. 

PaCCTOHHHe OT MoCKBbl flO JICHHH- 

rpaaa. The distance between Moscow 
and Leningrad. Dpoexaib 6ojn>ni6e 
paccTOHHHe. To cover a long dis- 
tance. 

PACTAflTb see TAHTb 

PACTEHHE neut. plant 



PACT|fl, -y, -erab, -yx, past poc, -Jia, 
-jio, -JIH imp. /p. Bbipacx|H, -y, 
-euib, -yx, past Bbipoc, -Jia, -Jio, 
-JIH 

1. to grow. .ZJepeBbH pacxyx Me#- 
JieHHO. Trees grow slowly. 

2. to grow up. MaJibHHK poc B 
AepeBne. The boy grew up in 
the countryside. 

3. to grow, to increase, to rise. 
Haui ropoA pacxex. Our town is 
growing. VpoBenb JKHSHH pacxex. 
The living standard is rising. 

4. to grow. BaHanbi pacxyx na lore. 
Bananas grow in the south. 

PACXOJJftTbCH, pacxojKycb, pacxo- 
AHuibCH, pacxoAflxcH imp. /p. paaon- 
xHCb, pasoHAlycb, -enibcn, -yxcn 
1. 1st and 2nd pers. sing not used to 

disperse. PasoaxHCb c co6pauHH. 

To disperse after the meeting. 



The people were slowly dispersing. 

2. to differ. Paaonxucb BO BarJiH- 
Aax. To differ in opinion, to dis- 
agree, y nero cJioBa He pacxo- 
flHXCH c ASJIOM. His words and 
deeds are never at variance. 

3. to divorce. Pasouxiicb c My>KeM 
(c JKCHOH). To divorce one's hus- 
band (one's wife). 

PB|ATb, -y, -euib, -yx, past psaJi, 
psaJia, pBaJijo, -H imp. HXO? 

1. p. copB|axb, -y, -emb, -yx to 
pick. Psaxb niBexbi. To pick flow- 
ers. 

2. p. pasopBjaxb, -y, -erab, -yx to 
tear (up). Psaxb 6yMary, rasexy. 
To tear paper, a newspaper. \\ 
fig. to break off. Paaopsaxb 
oxHOineHHH. To break off rela- 
tions. 

PEEEHIOK m., gen. -Ka; pi. pe6axa & 
ACXH; gen. pe6nx & ACXCH child 
3AOpOBMH pe6e'HOK. A healthy 
child. 

PEBOJIK)IJHOHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue 

1. revolutionary. PeBOJiK)H.HOHHoe 
paSo^ee ABHJKCHHe. The revolu- 
tionary working-class movement. 
PeBOJiiouHOHHaH xeopHH. A re- 
volutionary theory. 

2. revolutionary. PeBOJiiortHOHHoe 
paaBHxne. The revolutionary de- 
velopment. 

PEBOJ1IOIJHH /. revolution 



PEA 



122 



POfl 



-an, _ 06t _ He; av 
comp. pe>Ke 

1. (ani. rycx6n) thin. PGAKHG s6- 
JIOCH. TViin feafr. Pe^KHH Jiec. 
A thin wood. 

2. (ant. qacTo) rare, seldom. PeflKO 
6oJiexb. To be seldom ill. 

3. rare. PeAKHe Mexdjuibi. Rare 
metals. PeAKan KHHra. A rare 
book. PeflKHH cayman. A rare case. 

P3ATb, pe~JK|y, -enib, -yx imp. ITO? 

1CM? 

1. on/y imp. to cut. HO>K n;i6xo 
peJKex. The knife cuts badly. 

2. p. oxpeaaxb, oxpe>K|y, -emb, -yr 
to cut. Peaaxb xJie6 HOKOM. To cut 
bread with a knife. Oxpeaaxb 
KycoK xjie6a. To cut off a slice 
of bread. 

3. p. paapeaaxb, paapemly, -erab, -yx 
to cut, to carve. Paapeaaxb Kypn- 
ny. To carve the chicken. 

P3K|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
peaoK, peaKa, peaK|o, -H 

1. shrill. PeaKHH BBYK. A shrill 
sound. PeaKHH TOJIOC. A shrill voice. 

2. harsh. PeaKHH qejioseK. A harsh 
person. OH 6biJi peaoK co BC^MH. 
He was harsh to everybody. 

3. adv. abruptly, suddenly. IIoeaA 
peaKO ocxaHOBHJiCH. The train 
stopped suddenly. 

PESYJlbTAT m. result 

Peayjibxaxti ODBIXOB. The results of 
experiments. IIoJiyHHXb xopooiHe 
peayjibxaxbi. To get good results. 
^ocxHHb xopomnx peayJibxaxoB. To 
achieve good results. 
O B pesyjibTfixe. As a result. 

PEKA /., ace. peny, pi peKH, pen, 
penaM, etc. river 

IHnpOKaH peKa. A wide river. 
riJibixb no peKe". To sail along the 
river. Ha 6epery peKH. On the river 
bank. 

PEMOHT m., no pi. repair 

PeMoex 66yBH. Shoe repairs. OT- 
flaxb B peMOHX. To have (something) 
repaired. C^Jiaxb peMOHX KBapxn- 
pti. To redecorate one's flat. 

PECHflIJA /. eyelash 

/JjiHHHbie peciiHuu. Long eyelashes. 

PECIlSnBJlHKA /. republic 

PECTOPAH m. restaurant 

06eaaxb B pecxopaee. To have din- 
ner at a restaurant. 



PEIJEIIT m. prescription 

Hanncdxb peonx. To write out a 
prescription. FIoJiyHHXb jieK^ipcxBO 
no peu6nxy. To have a prescription 
made up. 

PEH|b /., gen. pi. -6n 

1. speech. JKiiBan penb. Living 
speech. 

2. speech. Bucxynnxb c p6qbro. To 
make a speech. 

^Peib ajxe'T o TOM, (iToSbi)... The 
point is... O5 3TOM lie MOJKCT GLITI* 
H peni. It is out of the question. 
PEfflA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. HTO? 
& _j_ inf. I p. pera|HXb, -y, -Hmb, -ax 

1. to decide. MH pemnjiH HOHXH B 
KHHO. We decided to go to the 
cinema. OH peuraji exaxb. He 
decided to go. 

2. to solve. Peuiaxb Baflaqy. To 
solve a problem. Pemaxb B^TKHbie 
Bonpocbi. To solve important 
questions. 

PEfflfcHHE neut. 

1. decision. IIpaBHJibHoe pem^HHe. 
The right decision. IlpHHHXb pe- 
meHHe. To take a decision. 

2. solution. Pemenne BanmoH npo- 
6jieMbi. The solution of an impor- 
tant problem. 

PEfflflTb see PEfflATb 

PHC m., no pi. rice 

Vpowan pirca. Rice crops. MHCO c 
pncoif. Meat and rice. 

PHC|OB.4Tb, -yio, -yerab, -yiox imp. 
K o r 6? H x o? H e M? / p. Hapncjo- 
B^xb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox to draw 
Pncosaxb KapaHAaniOM na 6yMare. 
To draw with a pencil on paper, 
PncoB^xb flOM. To draw a house. 

POfiH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. p6BHO 

1. smooth. PoBHaH flOp6ra. A level 
road. IlHcxb poBHO. To write a 
smooth hand. 

2. fig. smooth, equable. P6BHHH 
r6jioc. A smooth voice. POBHHH 
xapaKxep. An equable temper. 

3. adv., used as particle sharp. H 
npHfly POBHO B xpn. m come at 
three sharp. 

m., pi. poflw, poflOB 

1. prepos. B po^y family, kin 

2. prepos. B pofly birth, stock, ori- 
gin; generation 

3. sort, kind. BcflKoro pofla. All 
kinds of. 



123 






<> B CBOCM poe. In its (his, her, 
etc.) way. HTO-TO B DTOM poffe. 

Something of the sort. 

PO^HHA /., no pi. mother country 
Samara pOAHHbi. The defence of 
one's mother country. Htob na po- 
flHHe. To live in one's country. 
EHCLMO c POAHHH. A letter from 
one's mother country. 

POflftTEJI|H no sing., gen. -en par- 
ents 

IIoMoraTb poflHTejiHM. To help one's 
parents. Hteb c pOflHxeJiHMH. To 
Hue with one's parents. 

PO#|ftTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH imp. 

& p., past -HJICfl, -HJl|aCb, -OCb, -H,Cb 

& -HJijacb, -ocb, -HCb (only p.) 

1. to be born. H poflHJicH B 1930 
rojjy. / was born in 1930. 

2. fig. to occur. V MCHH pOAHJiacb 
HfleH. An idea occurred to me. 

POflH|6fl, -H, -6e, -tie 

1. related by blood or affinity. POA- 
HOH 6paT. A brother. PoflHaa 
TCTKa. An aunt. 

2. native. POAHOH Kpan. Native 
land. POAHOH HSHK. Mother 
tongue. 

3. used as n., pi. PoflHbie. Rela- 
tives. 

POflCTBEHHHK m. relation 

^aJibHHH pOACTBCHHHK. A distant 
relation. BJIIISKIIH pOACTBennnK. A 
near relation. 

P03KJJEHHE neut. birth 

flem> pojKACHHH. One's birthday. 

II03ApaBJIHK) B3C C H6M pO' 

Many happy returns of the day. 

P03A /. rose 

Kpacnan poaa. A red rose. 
poa. A bunch of roses. 

P(330B|blH, -an, -oe, -HO pink 
PoaoBoe njiaxbe. A pink dress. 

POJlb /., pi. pojin, pojien part 

BwyHHTb pojib. To learn one's part. 
Mrpaib pojib PaMJieia. To play the 
part of Hamlet. 

<> HrpaTb BaacHyio pojib (B 
ICM-.IHOO). To play an important 
part (in something). 3TO He nrpa- 
6T pojie. This is of no conse- 
quence. 

POM AH m. novel 

McxopHHecKHH pOMaH. An historical 
novel. OnySJiHKOBaib poM^H. To 



publish a novel. Asrop pOMana. The 
author of a novel. 
POCT m. 

1. growth. POCT pacieHHH. The 
growth of plants 

2. growth. POCT ropoaoB. The 
growth of cities. POCT npOMHm- 
jieHHOCTH. The growth of in- 
dustry. 

3. stature. HeJioseK BticoKoro poc- 
xa, cpejjHero pocTa, HHSKOFO 
pocTa. A person of large stature, 
of medium stature, of small stat- 
ure. 

POT m., gen. pTa, prepos. BO pTy 
mouth 

Bo pTy OH flep>Kji nannpocy He 
had a cigarette in his mouth. 

POHJIb m. (grand) piano 

HrpaTb na poflJie. To play the piano. 

PYBAmiKA /., gen. P L -en shirt; 
chemise 

BeJiaa py6anraa. A white shirt. 
Ho^Hafl py6a"niKa. A nightgown, 
a night shirt. 

pyfiJl|b m., gen. -H rouble 

JJsa py6Jia. Two roubles. IlflTb 
pySJieH. Five roubles. B py6Jie CTO 
KoneeK. A rouble contains one hund- 
red copecks. 

<0> He HMeft CTO py5jiefi, a nsieii 
CTO Apyaefi (proverb). It's better to 
have a hundred friends than a hund- 
red roubles. 

PYrAjTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? 
3 a H T 6? / p. o6pyra|Tb, -ro, -emb, 
-IOT to scold 

pyr^Jin 3a njioxoe no- 
The boy was scolded for 
bad behaviour. 

PVKA /., ace. pyny; pi. pynn pyK, 

SyKaM, etc. hand, arm 
esafl pyKa. The left hand (arm). 
IIpaBan pyna. The right hand (arm). 
.ZJepJKaTb B pyne. To hold in one's 
hand. OH nowaji en pyny H ymeji. 
He shook hands with her and left. 
-$> HMeTb sojioTbie pyKH. To be 
master of one's work. MacTep ea see 
PVKII. Jack-of -all-trades. ,Q[epcaTb 
ce6a B pynax. To control oneself. 
BpaTb ce6a B pyKH. To pull oneself 
together. HTH noa pyKy. To walk 
arm-in-arm. BpaTb nofl pyKy. To 
take somebody's arm. PVKOH no^uTh. 
It's a stone's throw (from here) 



PYK 



124 



Maxnyxb pyKoii na KOFO-.IMOO, 
qTO-Jifc6o. To give up somebody, 
something. 3-ro B iiamiix pyicax. 
It is in our hands. l>pan> B CBOH 
PVKII. To take into one's hands. 
EbiTb (les Koro-.iHoo, Mcro-juido 
KaK 6ea pyK. To be quite helpless 
without somebody, something. 

PYKAfi m., gen. -a sleeve 

KopoxKHe pyKasa. Short sleeves. 

pyKOBOAflTEJlh m. leader 

PyKOBOIAftTb, -wy, -AHinb, - A ax 
imp. K e M? q e M? to direct, to 
run, to lead 

PyKOBO^uxb pa66xoH. To direct the 
work. PyKOBO^HTb JHOflbMH. To lead 
people. PyKOBOflHTb aasoAOM. To 
run a plant. 

PtfCCKIHfl, -an, -oe, -He 

1. Russian. PyccKHH Hapo^. The 
Russian people. PyccKan npHpo- 
jja. The Russian countryside. 
PyccKHH H3MK. The Russian 
language. 

2. used as n. Russian. MM pyccKHe. 
We are Russians. 

/., gen. pi -CK 

1. handle. Py<ma flBepn. A door- 
handle. 

2. pen. Ilncaxb py^KOH. To write 
with a pen. 

PB'IBA /. 

1. fish. B aKBapnvMe njiasaJin paa- 
HHe pu6H. Various fishes were 
swimming in the aquarium. 

2. collective fish. JIoBHTb pw6y. To 
catch fish. 

3. collective fish. }KapenaH pbi6a. 
Fried fish. 

<> HII pw6a HH MIICO. Neither 
fish nor flesh. 
PI>IH|OK m., gen. -Ka 

1. market. KOJIXOSHLIH PLIHOK. A 
collective- farm market. HpOflaBaxb 
$pyKTbi Ha pHHKe. To sell fruit 
in a market. 

2. market. MnpOBOH PMHOK. The 
world market. 

PHfl m., prepos. o (B) pfle & B pny; 

pi. pHA" 

1. row. PHA AOMOB. A row of houses. 
PHfl JiiOAea. A line of people. 
IlepBbiH pn,n napi6pa. The 
first row of the stalls. CnfleTb B 
nepBOM pflfly. To sit in the first 
row. 



2. a number (of). OH npuseji u,6- 
JIIJH PHA npuMepoB. He gave 
quite a number of examples. B 
pa^e cjiyqaeB 370 xaK. In a num- 
ber of cases it is so. 

<> BbiTb B nepebix pn^ax. To be 

in the forefront. 

adv. 

1. nearby. MaraawH iiaxoAHTCH pa- 
AOM. The shop i? nearby. 

2. by. Gxofixb PHAOM c 6paxoM. To 
stand by one's brother. 



C, c 

C prep. 

I- +8 en - 

1. off, from. Baaxb KHHry c HOJIKH. 
To take a book off the shelf. 

2. from. BepnyxbCH c pa66xu. To 
come back from work. 

3. from. G yxpa #o Be x iepa. From 
morning till evening. G pairanx 
Jiex. From one's early years. 

4. from. IlepeBecxH c pyccKoro 

H3HKa Ha (|>paHHy3CKHH. To 

translate from Russian into 
French. 
II. + instr. 

1. with. HejioBeK c nopx<|)eJieM. A 
man with a brief-case. Bpax G 
cecxpOH. The brother and the 
sister. FoBopMXb c npysbHMH. To 
speak to one's friends. Bcxpe"- 
xnxbCH c xoBapHmaMH. To meet 
one's friends. 

2. with, and. K6$e c MOJIOKOM. Cof- 
fee and milk. 

3. with. Pa66xaxb c yflOBOJibcxBHCM. 
To work with pleasure. G\ioxpexb 
$HJibM c HHxepecoM. To see a 
film with interest. 

CAJJ m., prepos. B cafly & o cae; pi. 
caflti garden 

^OM CXOHJI B caay. The house stood 
in a garden. OpyKXOBMH caff. An 
orchard. BoxaHH4ecKHH ca^- Botan- 
ical garden. 
<> ^eTCKHfi can.. A kindergarten. 

CA|flflTBCH, -Htycb, -flwuibcn, -JIHXCH 

imp. K y fl a? & + inf. I p. cecxb, 

ca^ly. -eiiib, -yx, past ceJi, -a, -o, -n 

1. to sit down. Cafltixbcn na cxyji. 

To sit down on a chair. Gecxb aa 

cxoji. To sit down to table. 



CA5K 



125 



CBE 



2. to get on, in. CaAHXbcn B 

B aBXOMo60Jib. To get on a train, 
in a motor-car. 

3. to set (to work). Cecxb 3a pa66- 
Ty. To set to work. 

4. to set. Cojraue caAHXca. The sun 
is setting. 

CA3KA|Tb, -to, -curb, -IOT KOTO? 
qxo? KyAa? imp. /p. nocaAwxb, 
nocajKy, nocaAHnib, nocaAHX 

1. to put, to place. HocaAiixb nxn- 
ny B KJiexKy. To put the bird 
into a cage. 

2. to plant. Cawaxb nBexbi. To 
plant flowers. 

CAJIAT m. 

1. lettuce. GBC>KHH caJiax. Fresh 
lettuce. 

2. salad. CaJiax na orypnpB, H3 no- 
MHAOPOB. A cucumber salad, a 
tomato salad. 

CAJI<DET|KA /., gen. pi. -OK napkin 
*lHCxaH caJicJtexKa. A clean napkin. 
ByManmaH caJi<$exKa. A paper nap- 
kin. H6jib30BaxbCH caJi<j>exKOH. To 
use a napkin. 

CAM, caM a, raMO, caMH pron. 

1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, 
itself, ourselves, yourselves, them- 
selves. He naAO MHO noinoraxb, H 
caM Bee CAeJiaio. Don't help me, 
I'll do everything myself. 

2. myself, yourself, himself, her- 
self, itself, ourselves, your- 
selves, themselves. OH caM FOBO- 
PHJI 06 axoM. He himself told 
me that. 

CAMOflEHTEJIbHOCTb /., no pi. 
amateur talent activities 



Hocib. Amateur theatricals. Be^ep 

caMOJieflxeJibHOCTH. An amateur 

concert. 
CAMOJlET m. aeroplane 

Jleieib na caMOJieie. To go by air. 

PeaKTHBHHH caMOJieT. A jet plane. 
CAMOOBCJiy5KHBAHHE neut. self- 

service 

CaMoo6cjiy?KHBaHHe B CTOJIOBOH. 

Self-service in a cafeteria. Maraaan 

caMOoScJiyjKHBaHHH. A self-service 

shop. 
CAMOCTOflTEJlbHIBIfl, -an, -oe, 

-tie; adv. caMOCTOHiejibHO indepen- 

dent, self-dependent 

CaMOCTOHTeJibHan pa66xa. Inde- 



pendent work. GaMOCTOHTeJibHbiH ne- 
JIOBCK. A self-dependent person. 
}KHTb caMOCTOflTCJibHO. To live in- 
dependently. OH caMOCTOHieJibHO 
H3ynaeT pyccKHH fl3HK. He studies 
Russian by himself. 
CAM|blfl, -aH, -oe, -bie pron. 

1. the very. 3xo KHifra, KOiopyio 
Tti HCKaJi? Ra, 3TO xa caMafl 
KHiira. "Is this the book you 
were looking for?" "Yes, that's 
the very book." 

2. very. Maraaan HaxoAHicn B ca- 
MOM KOHqe yjinnti. The shop is 
at the very end of the street, fl 
snaji axo c caMOro naqaJia. / 
knew it from the very start. 

3. most. CaMMH xopouiHH. The 
best. CaMMH KpaCHBtiH ropo^. 
The most beautiful city. ' 

<> B caioM Aejie, OH npae. As a 
matter of fact, he is right. MM 
AyMajiir, OH OOJICH, a na caMOM 
Aejie OH 3AopOB. We thought he 
was ill, but in fact he is all right. 
CAXAP m. sugar 

KnjiorpaMM caxapa. A kilogramme 
of sugar, ^an c caxapOM. Tea with 
sugar. 

CEOPHHK m. collection 

CGopHHK CTaxeii. A collection of 
articles. 

CBAJJbBA /., gen. pi. CBaAe6 wed- 
ding 

Bece'jiaa CBaA^Sa. A merry wedding. 
Btixb na CBaAbSe. To be present at 
a wedding. IIpasAHOBaxb csaAbSy. 
To celebrate one's wedding. 
<> 30 cBaAb6bi 3a>KiiBeT (proverb). 
It'll have healed before your wed- 
ding. 

CBAPflTb see BAPflTb 

CBE5K|Hfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form 
CBejK, CBewa, cBe>K|e, -H; adv. csejKO 

1. fresh. CfleJKee MFICO. Fresh meat. 
CBe>KHe n;Bexbi. Fresh flowers. 
CfieJKHe ^pyKXti. Fresh fruit. 
GBe>KHe 6Bom;H. Fresh vegeta- 
bles. 

2. fresh. CBeJKHH BOSAVX. Fresh air. 
Ha CBeJKeM BOSAyxe. In the fresh 
air. 

3. cool. CBeJKee yxpo. A cool morn- 
ing. | predic. impers. 

csemol It's cool today/ 



CBE 



126 



CBfl 



4. fresh. CB&KHe rasexbi. Fresh 

newspapers. 

<> BpaxbCH aa pa66xy co CBCWIIMH 
CHJiaMH. To tackle the work with 
renewed strength. 

CBEPKA|Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -ex, -rox imp. / p. CBepK- 
H|yxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -ex, -yx to flash, to 
sparkle 

B ne6e csepKHyjia MOJIHHH. Light- 
ning flashed in the sky. Mope csep- 
KHJIO. The sea was sparkling. 
CBEPKH^Tb see CBEPKATb 
CBEPXy adv. 

\. oxKyfla? from above. Ceepxy 
yn^Ji KaMGHb. A stone fell from 
above. Cinoxpexb csepxy BHHB. 
To look down. 

2. r^e? on the surface. TKnp njia- 
saex csepxy. Fat floats on the 
surface. 
CBET 1 m., no pi. 

1. light. CojmeiHbiH csex. Sun- 
light. 

2. light. 3a?Ke~Hb CBex. To switch on 
the light. IIoracHTb CBGX. To 
switch off the light. HocMOXpexb 
na CBCX. To look (at something) 
against the light, ^nxaxb npn 
csexe jiaMDH. To read by lamp- 
light. 

<> Yieebe CBGT, a Heyienbe 
TbMa (proverb). Cf. He that ne- 
glects learning in his youth, loses 
the past and is dead for the fu- 
ture. 

CBET 2 m., no pi. world 

IlyxemecxBHe BOKpyr csexa. A jour- 
ney round the world. 

CBETftTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. CBCXHX, CBCXHX 
CojiHije flpKO CBCX MX. The sun is 
shining brightly. 

CBfcTJl|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. CBCXJIO 

1. light. GsexjiaH KOMHaxa. A light 
room. | predic. impers. Ha yjraije 
CBCXJIO. It is light in the street. 

2. light. CBCXJIMH KOCXIOM. A light 
suit. 

3. fig. lucid. CBCXJIBIH VM, CBexnaa 
roJiosa. A lucid mind. 

CBHAAHIIE neut. appointment, meet- 
ing 

O. To go to keep 



an appointment. HasHannxb 
HHe. To make an appointment. 
<> AO CBHAaHna! Good-bye! ^o 
CKoporo CBUA^HHH! See you soon/ 
CBOEOJJA /. 

1. only sing, freedom. Eopb6a sa CBO- 
66fly. Struggle for freedom. 3aBoe- 
Baxb CBo66fly. To win freedom. 

2. freedom. GBo66a rjiosa. The 
freedom of speech. CBo66^a ne- 
^axH. Freedom of press. 

CBOEOflHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short 
form cBo66,qeH, CBo66flH|a, -o, -H; 
adv. CBo66flHO 

1. free. CBo66flHiiH Hapo^. A free 
people. 

2. only complete form free of charge. 
CBo66flHHH BXOfl. Free admis- 



3. adv. fluently. H CBo66flno rosopia 
no-aHrjiHHCKH. / speak English 
fluently. 

4. vacant. CBo6oAHoe MCCXO. A va- 
cant seat. 3xo MCCXO CBo66flHO? 
Is this seat vacant? 

5. free. CBoSo/jHoe BpeMH. Free time. 
CeronHH BeiepOM H CBo66A6H. 
/ am free tonight. 

CBOfl, CEOH, CBoe, CBOH pron. one's 
(own) 

H H#y K CBoeMy xoeapumy. / am 
going to my friend's. OH na^eji 
CBOH KOCXIOM. He put on his suit. 
H npocHji xoBapuma npHHecxn MHO 
CBOK) KHHry. 7 asked my friend to 
bring me his book. 
CBOflCTBO neut. property 
CBfl3ATb see CBHSblBATb 
CBH3bIBA|Tb, -ro, -eiiib, -rox imp. 

KOTO? HXO? C KCM? CHC M?/ 

p. CBfl3axb,cBHJKy,CBHjKenib, 

1. to tie together. CBaaaxb 
BepeBKy c apyroH. To tie one 
rope to another. 

2. fig. to involve. 3xo CBHaano c 
6ojibniHMH xpyAHOCXHMH. This 
involves great difficulties. 

CBfl3b /. 

1. tie. VKpenjiflxb CBHBH c Hap6a- 
MH Bcex cxpan. To strengthen 
the ties with the peoples of all 
countries. 

2. communication. Tejierp&^naH 
CBH3b. Telegraph communication. 

3. connection. 

<0 B CBH3H C T6M, qTO... // 



cro 



127 



CEP 



connection with... B CBHSH c OTIIM... 

In this connection... 
CrOPfiTb see FOPETb 
CflA|BATb, -K>, -eiiib, -K>T imp. HTO?/ 

p. CflaTb, CA3M, CAafflb, CflaCT, 



, -a, CAaji|o, -n 

1. to return. C^aTb KHHry B 6n6- 
jiHOxeKy. To return the book to 
the library. 

2. to let. CflaBaTb fla^y, KOMHaiy. 
To let a summer cottage, a room. 

3. to take. CflaBaib 8K3aMeHH. To 
take examinations. 



see 
/., no pi. change 

cAaiy. To get some 
change, j^aib 10 KoneeK cAa*HH. To 
give 10 copecks change. 
CflEJIATb see flEJIATb 
CflEPJKATb see flE15KATb, 2 
CEBH pron., no ncm.\ gen., ace. ce6H, 
dat., prepos. ce6e, instr. co66n 
myself, yourself, himself, herself, 
itself; ourselves, yourselves, them- 
selves 

npnmacBTb K cede ^OMOH. To in- 
vite to one's place. B #opory H 

B3HJI C C060H MBIJIO, nOJlOTCHI^e 

H 3y6nyK> m,e'TKy. / took soap, a 
towel, and a toothbrush with me on 
my trip. PaGoTaib y ce6fl floma. To 
work at home. 

<$> MnT8Tb npo ceCn. To read to 
oneself. BMHTB us ce6. To be 
beside oneself. llpiiiiTH B ce6fl. To 
come to one's senses. 
CEBEP m., no pi. 

1. north. CaMOJiex jieraT na cesep. 
The plane is flying northward. 
K cesepy OT qero-JiH6o. North 
of some place. 

2. north. JKBTb na cesepe. To live 
in the North. 

CEBEPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie north(ern) 

CeBepHfJH Beiep. A north wind. 

CeBepHtiH DOJIIOC. The North Pole. 
[-B6-] adv. today 
6y^eT #o?K;jb. It will rain 

today. CeroAHH yxpOM. This morn- 

ing. CeroflHH BenepoM. Tonight. 
CErO^HHmiI|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne to- 

day's 

GeroAHflmHHH raaeia. Today's news- 

paper. 



, -an, -6e, -He, short form cefl, 
ce^a, ceflu 

1. grey. Gertie BOJIOCH. Grey hair. 

2. grey-haired. Ce^on cxapHK. A 
grey-haired old man. 

CEflHAC adv. 

1. now. CeHHac H qyBCTByio ce6H 
xopomo. Now I feel well. Cen- 
^ac HflCT ypOK. A lesson is in 
progress now. 

2. right now. H cenqac npH/jy. 
I'll come right now Cen^ac JKO 
HAH CK>Aa! CeHHac! "Come 
here at once!" "Just a mo- 
ment!" 

CEKPETAP|b m., gen. -A secretary 

CEK^HAA /. second 

ftse ceKyH^bi, DHTB ceKyn^. Two 
seconds, five seconds. 
$>- CHIO ceKyn^y! Just a moment! 
CEJlO neut., pi. ce'jia village 
CEJlbCK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He country, 
village 

CejibCKan MeciHOCTb. Country local- 
ity. CejjbCKan JKH3Hb. Country life. 
CejibCKHH Bpan. A country doctor. 
<$- CejibCKoe xoaflHCTBO. Agricul- 
ture. 

CEMbH /., pi. ceMbH, ceMen family 
.ZJpyjKHaH ceMbH. A united family. 
y MCHH 6ojibman ceMba. / have a 
large family. 

CEHTHBP|b m., gen. -A September 
SaBipa nHToe ceHTfl6pn. Tomorrow 
is the fifth of September. B cen- 
Tfl6pe y Hac eme xenjio. // is still 
warm in September in our parts. 

CEPflEHHlblH, -an, -pe, -tie, short 
form cep/jeqeH, cep^eHH|a, -o, -H; 
adv. cepAeqno cordial 
ITepeflaib cepflenntiH npHBex. To 
give one's warmest regards. Cep^eH- 
HbiH npne'M, cep^eHHan oScxaHOBKa. 
A cordial reception, a cordial at- 
mosphere. 

CEP,0;fiT|bIfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
cepaHT, -a, -o, -H; adv. cepAHTO 
angry 

CepflHTHH qeJiOBCK. An angry per- 
son. H cepflHT na Hero. / am angry 
with him. CepAHTHH BarJiflfl. An 
angry look. 

CEPftftTbCH, cep>Kycb, cepffHrnbca, 
cepAHTCH imp. H a K o r 6? 
Ha HTO? / p. paccepAHTBCH, 



CEP 



128 



CHJI 



paccepwycb, paccep^HinbCH, pac- 
cepflHxcfl to be angry 
He cepAHCb! Don't be angry! Maxb 
paccepAHJiacb Ha cbma aa onoaAa- 
HHG. The mother was angry with 
her son for being late. 
CfiPjmiE neut., pi. -a, cepnen,, cepAn,aM, 
etc. 

1. heart. V nero 6ojibHoe cepAH,e. 
He has a bad heart. 

2. fig. heart. OH 
qejiOBGK, y nero aojioxoe 

He is a wonderful man, he has a 
heart of gold. 

<0 IIosflpaBjiflTb OT Bcero cep^qa. 
To congratulate with all one's heart. 
ToBopHTb OT iHcxoro cepjnja. To 
speak from the bottom of one's 
heart, y MCIIH ee JICJKHX K oxoMy 
cepume. / have no liking for this. 

CEPEflftHA /. middle 

CepeAKHa npyra. The centre of a 
circle. B cepe^HHe Jieca. In the 
middle of the forest. Gepe^HHa Jie- 
Ta. The middle of the summer. 

CfiP|bIfl, -an, -oe, -bie grey 

CepbiH KOCXIOM. A grey suit (cos- 
tume). Cepue rjiaaa. Grey eyes. 

CEPbE3H|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form cepbeaen, cepbeanja, -o, -bi; 
adv. cepbb'ano 

1. serious. GepbeaHbia HeJiOBBK. A 
serious person. 

2. serious. Cepb&maa KHHra. A se- 
rious book. Cepbeanaa MyatiKa. 
Serious music. GepbliaawH paa- 
roBOp. A serious talk. GepbeaHO 
aa^ywaTbCH. To think seriously. 

3. serious. Cepbeanoe nojioweHHe. A 
serious situation. Gepbeanafl 60- 
JieaHb. A serious illness. 

CECTPA /., pi. cecipbi, cecxep, cecrpaM, 
etc. 

1. sister. GTapraaa cecxpa. Elder 
(eldest) sister. MJiaAinafl cecxpa. 
Younger f youngest) sister. PO.H- 
Haa cecxpa. A sister. ^BOiopo^Han 
cecxpa. A cousin. 

2. nurse. Me^ni^HHCKaH cecxpa. A 
(hospital) nurse. 

CECTb see CAAflTbCH 

CE|HTb, -K), -euib, -IOT imp. qxo?/ 
p. noce|flTi>, -K), -euib, -rox to sow 
GeHTb nrneHHqy, Kynypyay. To 
sow wheat, maize. 

C5KEHb see 5KEHb 



1. adv. behind. OH men caa^H. He 
was walking behind. 

2. prep, -f- gen. behind. Gaann flOMa 
6biJi cafl. There was a garden be- 
hind the house, fl CHfleji caa^H 
mo^epa. / was sitting behind the 
driver. 

-wy, -AHHib, -AHT imp. 



1. to sit. GnABTb na anBane, na cxy- 
Jie. To sit on the divan, on a chair. 

2. to stay. IJeJibiH A^Hb OH cnfleji 
O^HH. He stayed at home alone 
the whole day. 

<> Cnexb Ha race y Koro-JiH6o. 
To be on somebody's hands. Cimexb 
CJiowa PVKH. To sit idle. 
CflJU /. 

1. strength. HenoBeK 6ojibuioH $H- 
aniecKOH CHJIM. A man of great 
physical strength. 

2. power. CHJia cjiosa. The power of 
the word. CnJia npHBU^KH. Force 
of habit. 

3. usu. pi. forces. Boopymennbie CH- 
JIH. The armed forces. GHJIU MH- 
pa H nporpecca. The forces of 
peace and progress. 

4. force. CwJia XHJKCCXH. Force of 
gravity. 

<> Eemaxb nao BCCX cn^r. To run 
as fast as one can. JJeJiaTb qxo- 
jiH5o qepea cHJiy. To force one- 
self to do something. H ne B 
CHJiax caejiaxb 3x0. / am unable 
to do that. 3xo CBbirae MOHX CHJI. 
This is beyond my powers. Mne 3TO 
ee no CHJiy. This is beyond my 
powers. 3xo B iiaunix cii.iax. We 
are able to do that. 
CflJlbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 

CHJieH, CHJIbHa, CHJIbHO, CHJIbHM; 
adv. CHJIbHO 

1. strong, powerful. GwJibHbiH qejiOj 
B6K. A strong man. CrijibHbiH 
BaptiB. A powerful explosion. 
CHJibHO yAapHXb. To hit a heavy 
blow. | fig. Ero pe*n> nponasejia Ha 
MCH cHJibnoe BneqaxJienne. His 
speech made a strong impression 
on me. V Hero cHJibnaa BOJIH. 
He is a man of strong will. 

2. loud, severe. CifjibHbiH uiyM. A 
loud noise. GHJibHbiH Mopoa. Se- 
vere frost. 



CHH 



129 



CKY 






CflH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He blue 

CHHee Mope. Blue sea. CHirae rjia- 
aa. Blue eyes. 

CHPOTA m. & /., pi. cnpoxbi orphan 
OH ocxajica cnpOTOH. He became 
an orphan. 

<C> KpyrjibiS cnpoxa. A complete 
orphan. 

CKASATb see FOBOPfiTb 

CKA3|KA /., gen. pi. -OK fairy-tale 
HappflHbie CKasKH. Folk tales. 

CKAME|flKA /., gen. pi. -GK bench 
Ciiflexb Ha cKaMeHKe. To sit on a 
bench. 

CKATEPT|b /., gen. pi. -efi table- 
cloth 

EeJiaH cKaxepxb. A white table- 
cloth. IIocxejiHXb CKaxepxb. To 
spread a table-cloth. GTOJI noKptix 
KpacHBOH CKaxepxb K). The table is 
covered with a beautiful table-cloth. 

CKBEP m. public garden 

B CKBepe nrpajin jjexn. Children 
were playing in the public garden. 

CKB03B prep. -f acc % through 

CKBOBB jracxBy 6wjio BHAHO ne6o. 
The sky was visible through the fo- 
liage. 

<> CMOTpeTb Ha qTO-JIHSo CKBO3b 

iia.iiiiiu. To close one's eyes to 
something. 

CKOJIb3K|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. 
CKOJib3KO slippery 
CKOJibSKHH noji. A slippery floor. 
\predic. impers. Ha yjiHn,e CKOJibSKO. 
It is slippery outside. 

CKOJIbKO how much, how many 
GnojibKO HenoBeK npHffljio? How 
many people have come? GKOJibKO 
CTOHT 3Ta KHHra? How much is this 
book? CKOJIbKO BpeMeHH? What time 
is it? GKOJibKO BaM Jiex? How old 
are you? HocMOTpHTe, CKOJIbKO 
3A6Cb KpacHBLix i^BeTOB! Look what 
a lot of beautiful flowers there are 
here! 

<> CKOJIbKO rOJIOB, CTOJIbKO yMOB. 

As many men, as many minds. 
CKOPEE 

1. comp. of adv. cKOpo 

2. adv. rather, sooner. OH CKOpee 
ynpex, IBM npnanaeT CBOIO 
omH6KyI He will rather die than 
admit his mistake! 

<> CKopee Bcero 9x0 THK. Most 
likely it is true. 

9-4002 



CKGPO adv., comp. CKopee soon 

CKOpo HacxynnT secna. Spring 

will come soon, fl CKOpo npn^y. 

I'll come soon. IIpHXOAH CKopee! 

Come sooner! KaK MOJKHO CKopee. 

As soon as you can. 
CKOPOCTb /. speed 

Exaxb c 6ojibinoH cKOpocxbio. To 

drive at a high speed. 
CKOP|blfl, -an, -oe, -He 

1. fast. CKOPBIH noes^. A fast train. 
CKOpan noMonib. First aid. 

2. soon, ^o CKOPOH Bcxpe^n! See 
you soon! Ro CKOporo cBHAaHHfl! 
See you soon! 

CKPflnjKA /., gen. pi. -OK violin 
Hrpaxb Ha CKpHnKe. To play the 
violin. 

CKPOMH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 

CKpOMHO 

1. modest. CKPOMHBIH qeJiOBeK. A 
modest person. CKPOMHO Becxn 
ce6a. To behave modestly. 

2. moderate. CKpoMHbie ycnexii. 
Moderate success. 

CKPbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
nxo? ox KOTO? ox qer 6?/ 
p. CKpHXb, CKpojio, -enib, -rox to 
conceal 

GKpHBaxb BarJiHAH. To conceal 
one's views. OH CKpwBaex, HXO nii- 
mex CXHXPI. He conceals the fact 
that he writes poetry. 

CKPbIBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcfl, -IOXCH 
imp. r ff e? ox KOTO?/ p. 
CH, cKpo|Kcb, -embCH, -IOXCH 

1. only imp. to hide. 

ox HOJIHIJ;HH. To hide from the 
police. 

2. to escape. HpecxynHiiK CKPLIJICH. 
The criminal escaped. 

3- to disappear. Hoeaji; CKptmcH 
BflaJiH. The train disappeared in 
the distance. HejiOBeK CKpbiJiCH 
sa yrJiOM. The man disappeared 
round the corner. 
CKPblTb see CKPblBATb 
CKPb'ITbCH see CKPblBATbCH 
CKYHAITb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. no 
K o M y? no H e M y? to miss, to 
be lonesome 

CKynaxb no POAHXCJIHM. To miss 
one's parents. GKynaxb no 
To be homesick. 



CKY 



130 



CJIO 



, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
CKynen, cKyqHa, CKynH|o, -H; adv. 

CKyHHO 

1. dull. CKyqnbiH nejioeeK. A dull 
man. 

2. boring. CKyHHbrii pasroBop. A 
boring conversation. 

3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) bored. 
Mne CKy*mo. I am bored. 

CJIAE|blFl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
cjia6, cjia6a", cjia6|o, -H; adv. cJia6o 

1. weak. CJiaSbiH nejiOBeK. A weak 
person. CJiaSbra y#ap. A feeble 
blow. CjiaSoe cep^ne. A weak 
heart. 

2. fig. weak. CjiaSan BOJIH. A weak 
will. CJiaSbiH xapaKTep. A weak 
character. 

<> 3xo ero cjiaSoe MecTO. It's his 
weak point. CjiaSaa imAen^a. 
A feeble hope. 

CJlABA /., no pi. fame; glory 

FpOMKan cjiasa. Great fame. K H6My 
npniujia CJiasa. He has become fa- 
mous. CJiasa noKOpirrejiHM KOCMOcal 
Glory to the conquerors of Space! 

CJlABH|blH, -an, -oe, -tie fine, nice 
OH cJiaBHbiH napenb. He is a fine 
fellow. 

CJlAjJKlHfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
cjia/joK, cjiaAKa, cjia,o;K|o, -H; adv. 
; comp. cjiame sweet 

H6JIOKO. A sweet apple. 
Han. Sweet tea. \ fig. CJiazj- 
Kan yjiti6Ka. A sweet smile. 

CJIEBA adv. (cf. HAJlEBO, 2) to (on) 
the left 

GJiesa OKHO, cnpasa jisepb. On 
the left is a window, on the right 
is a door. CJiesa OT MCHH cn^eji 
MOH ciaptiH flpyr. On my left sat 
an old friend of mine. 

CJIEJJ m., pi. cjieflw 

1. track. CjiejjH Ha cnery. Tracks 
on the snow. MATH no cjie^aM. 
To follow in the tracks. 

2. gen. -a trace. Cjie^H KpacKH. 
Traces of paint. 

3. fig. trace. CJie^H BOHHU. The 
traces of the war. 

<0> OcxaBHTb cjie. To leave a 
trace. HcqesHyxb 6ea CJieffa. To dis- 
appear without leaving a trace. 
CJIEI^flTb, -my, -AHnib, -AHT imp. 
aa KCM? sa HCM? 
1. to follow. CjiejjHTb aa ABH^eHHCM 



cnyxHHKa. To follow the move- 
ment of a satellite. 

2. to have an eye (on). CJie^HTb 
aa HOBHHKaMH jiHTepaxypii. To 
have an eye on the latest publi- 
cations. 

3. to watch. CjieflHTb aa sparoM. 
To watch the enemy. 

CJlEftOBATEJIbHO con;, therefore, 
consequently 

A paBHO B, cjieflOBaxejibHO B pas- 
HO A. A equals B, therefore B 
equals A. 

CJIEJJYIOimHfl, -an, -ee, -He next 
B cjienyiomHH paa. Next time. Ha 
cJie/jyiomHH fleHb. On the next day. 

CJIE3A /., pi. cJiesbi, cjiea, cjieaaM, 
etc. 

1. t^ar. no ee Jinn;y TCKJIH cjiesu. 
Tears were streaming down her 
face. 

2. pi. tears. ToBopiiTb cKBoab cjieabi. 
To speak through tears. 

<> O6*iiAHO AO cjies. It is enough 
to make one cry. CMCflTbca flo 
cjiea. To laugh until one cries. 
GjiesaMH ropio no iiOMo/Konir> 
(proverb). Cf. It's no use crying 
over spilt milk. 

CJIEHlOfl, -an, -oe, -we blind 
Cjienofi MaJibHHK. A blind boy. 

CJlflHIKOM adv. too 

Tbi noemb CJIIIHIKOM rpOMKO. You 
are singing too loud. 
<> 3xo (yHx) CJIHIIIKOM! That's 
really too much! 

CJIOBAP|b m., gen. -H dictionary, vo- 
cabulary 

AHrjio-pyccKHH cjiOBapb. An Eng- 
lish-Russian dictionary. Op$orpa- 
^HqecKHH cjiosapb. A spelling dic- 
tionary. TOJIKOBHH cjiOBapb. An 
explanatory dictionary. 

CJIOB|O neut., pi. -a 

1. word. Hjiunuoe CJIOBO. A long 
word. Xopomne cjiosa. Good 
words. 

2. speech. CBo66#a cjiosa. Freedom 
of speech. 

3. only sing, remark. SaKJiiOHHTejib- 
Hoe CJIOBO. Concluding remarks. 
IIpeflOCTaBHTb CJIOBO. To give 
the floor. 

4. only sing. word. C^epwaxb CJIO- 
BO. To keep one's word. J\ait> 



CJIO 



131 



CME 



CJIOBO. To give one's 
word of honour. 

5. word. POM&HC na cjioBa flyni- 
KHHa. Romance, words by Push- 
kin. 

$ Ho cJiosaM 6paxa. According to 
one's brother. PaccKaaaxb CBO- 
HMH CJIOBUMII. To tell in one's own 
words. BepnTb Ha CJIOBO... To 
take somebody's word for... 
CflejiaTb no nocjieflHeitfy cjio- 

By UaVKH H T6XHHKH. To do 

something according to the last 
word in science and technology. 
B flsyx cjiosax. In a nutshell. 
CJlOJKH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 

CJIOJK6H, CJIOJKHa, CJI05KHJO, -bi; adv. 
CJIOJKHO 

1. complex. CJiOHmafl Mannraa. A 
complex machine. 

2. complicated. CjiojKHaa 
A complicated task. 
oScxaHOBKa. Difficult situation. 
Bee 3TO oienb CJIOJKHO. This is 
all very complicated. 

CJIOMATb see JIOMATb 
CJIOMATbCH see JIOMATbCH 
CJIOH m., gen. -a elephant 

m., gen. -ero employee 
cJiy>Ky, cJiy?KHiHb, cjiy- 
imp. 

1. KOMy? neMy? to serve. GJiy- 
JKHTb napofly. To serve one's 
people. CjiyJKHTb Aejiy MHpa. To 
serve the cause of peace. 

2. r A e? K e M? to serve, to work. 
CjiyJKHTb B apMHH. To serve in 
the army. CJIVJKHTI, B 6aime. To 
work in a bank. CJiyjKHTL 3KO- 
HOMHCTOM. To work as an econ- 
omist. 

3. q e M? to be. CJIVJKIITB npHMe- 
pOM AJIH flpyrnx. To be an 
example for others. 

CJIYX m. hearing 

y pe6e*HKa xopomnn cjiyx. The 
child has a good ear. MystiKaJib- 
HLIH cjiyx. A good ear for music. 

CJI^HAfl m. incident 

CJiynan H3 H3HH. An incident 
from life. 

<$ HecqacTHbifi cjiy^afi. An acci- 
dent. Ha BCHKHH cjiy^aii a 3a- 
iiiica;i ero ajipec. / wrote down 
his address just in case. B OT- 
AejibHbix cjiyqaflx 6xo BOSMOHC- 

9* 



HO. In some cases it is possible. 
B TOM cjiyiae, ecjiii a 3a6o- 

JI6IO, 3BOIIHTC MH6 flOMOH. In 

case I fall ill, ring me up at 
home, iln B KOGM cjiy^ae. On 
no account. 

, -an, -oe, -me; adv. 
accidental 

ornn6Ka. A slip, a for- 
tuitous mistake. CJiy^aiiHO Bcxpe- 
THTBCH. To meet by accident. 
CJiyHA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -IOTCH imp. 
c K e M?//>. cJiyq|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd 
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, 
-axcfl to happen 

HTO cjiyHHJiocb? What's happened? 
Co MHOH cjiy^HJiocb Hecnacibe. / 
have had a misfortune. 
CJiyHflTbCH see CJiyHATbCfl 
CJiyiHAITb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. KO- 
TO? HTO? 

1. to listen. BEHMaxeJibHO cjiymaib 
MyabiKy. To listen to music at- 
tentively. 

2. to attend. CJiymaTb JieKijHH 
(Kypc JICKIJHH). To attend lec- 
tures (a course of lectures). 

3.: H CJiymaio! Hallo! Yes! 
CJI^HIAITbCH, -iocb, -enibCH, -IOTCH 

imp. K o r 6? H e r 6? / p. nocjiy- 

ma|xbCH, -rocb, -enibcn, -IOTCH to 

obey 

PeGenoK ne cjiymaeTCH MaTepn. 

The child won't obey his mother. 

IIocJiymaHCH Menfl! Listen to me! 

Do as I tell you! 
CJlKini|ATb, -y, -iinib, -aT imp. K o- 

r 6? q T o? o K 6 M? o *i e M?/ 

p. ycjiMm|aTb, -y, -iiinb, -aT ' 

1. to hear. HJIOXO cjibiniaTb. To 
hear badly. H cjiwiny Te6a. / 
can hear you. 

2. to hear. Mw cJibimaJiH 06 BTOH 
HOBOCTH. We heard about that 
news. MH cJibiinaJiH, HTO OH npn- 
fleT saBTpa. We heard that he 
would come tomorrow. 

CJIb'IfflHO KOTO? HTO? predic. 
impers. (it is) heard 
Mne ne CJIHHIHO Te6n. / can't hear 
you. 3,n;ecb xoponio cjibimno. One 
can hear well here. 

CMEJI|blH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
CMeji, cMCJia, CMeJi|o, -bi; adv. CMCJIO 
1. brave. GMejibiH HeJiOBen. A brave 



CME 



132 



CIIII 



man. .ZJeacxBOBaxb CMBJIO. To act 
bravely. 

2. fig. bold. CMeJioe pemenae. A 
bold decision. CMeJiaa H^ea. A 
bold idea. 
CMfiHA /. 

1. succession. CMena AHH H HOHH. 
Succession of day and night. 

2. fig. successors. JJexn nama 
CMena. Children are our succes- 
sors. 

3. shift. y^nxbCH B nepByio CMC- 
ny. To go to school in the first 
shift. PaSoxaxb B ^HeBHyio CMG- 
ny. To work in the day shift. 

<> IIpHHTH ea cMeny KOMy-jiM6o. 
To succeed (relieve) somebody. 

CMEPTb /., pi. CMepiH, CMepiea, 
CMepxHM, etc. death 
<C> Ilacxb cMepxbio repon. To die 
the death of a hero. 3xo uonpoc 
JKM3IIH H CMepxn. This is a 
question of life and death. Ha- 
floecTb fl6 CMepxn. To bore to 
death. 

CMEX m., no pi. laughter 

TpOMKHH CMCX. Loud laughter. 

<> IIOAHflXb Ha CM6X KOrO-JIHfio. 

To make fun of somebody. 
CMEmH|Ofl, -an, -6e, -we, short form 
CMeraoH, CMenra|a, -6, -H; adv. 
CMemHO 

1. funny. CMenraon paccnaa. A fun- 
ny story. 

2. ridiculous. OH 6biJi CMemon. He 
was ridiculous. 

3. predic. impers. (it is) funny. 
MHC CMeniHO. It makes me laugh. 

CME|HTbCfl, -K)Cb f -einbCH, -IOTCH 
imp. naflKeM? naff HGM? to 
laugh 

Bee rpoMKO CMeaJincb. Everybody 
laughed loudly. H CMeaJica na^ CJIQ- 
BaMH 6paxa. / laughed at my broth- 
er's words. 

CMOTPfiTb, CMOipro, CMOTpnnib, CMOT- 
PHT imp. q T o? or H a K o r 6? ^H a 
q T 6? BO ^ T 6? / p. nocMOTpeib, 
nocMoxpro, nocMOTpnuib, nocM6xpHT 

1. to look. CMOxpexb na TOBapnma. 
To look at a friend. GMOip^Tb 
B OKHO. To look out of the win- 
dow. 

2. to see. CuoxpeTb <|>HJibM. To see 
a film. Gwoxpexb cneKxaKJib. To 
see a performance. 



3. only imper. to look out. GMOxpH- 
(xe), He ono3flaH(xe)l Look out t 
don't you be late! 

<> CMOxpexb cBbicoKa Ha Koro-JiH- 
60. To look down on somebody. 
CMOxpexb cKBOSb na.u,u,M (na MTO- 
JiH6o). To close one's eyes (to some- 
thing). 

CMOHb see MOHb 

CMYTflTbCH see CMym.4TbCH 

CMymA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -WXCH 
imp. /p. cMylxHXbCH, -mycb, -XHrab- 
CH, -XHXCH to be embarrassed 
OH Bflpyr o^CHb CMyxHJicH, noKpac- 
HeJi. He was suddenly quite embar- 
rassed and flushed. 

CMblCJI m., no pi. meaning, sense 
IIoHHXb CMMCJI coStixHH. To under- 
stand? the meaning of events. B 
nojiHOM CMbicjie cjiosa. In the true 
sense of the word. B npHMOM (ne- 
PCHOCHOM) CMMCJie. In the literal 
(figurative) sense. B BXOM Hex 
CMMCJia. There's no sense in that. 
Hex CMWGJia HXH xy^a. There is no 
sense in going there. 

CHAHAJIA adv. 

1. at first. GeanaJia H c xpy#6M 
noHHMaJi pyccKyio pe^tb. At first 
I understood spoken Russian 
with difficulty. 

2. from the beginning. HoBxopHxe 
cna^aJia. Repeat from the be- 
ginning. HHiaaxe cna^ana! Read 
from the beginning! 

CHEr m., prepos. o cnere & B, Ha 
cnery snow 

CaJibHbiH CHer. Heavy snow. Kpy- 
TOM see B cnery. All around is 
covered with snow. Ha cnery GMJIH 
BHAHM cjieflu 3Bepen. There were 
tracks of animals on the snow. H^ex 
cner. It is snowing. Hfle'x CHJibHbiH 
cner. It is snowing hard. 

CHEL3Y adv. o x K y fl a? from below 
Cwoxpexb CHHay BBepx. To look 
upward. 

CHfiMA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. KO- 
r6? qxo?//>. cnnxb, cnHMy, CHH- 
Memb, cHPiMyx, past CHHJI, -a, 
CHHJI|O, -H 

1. to take (from). CffHXb KHnry c 
noJiKH. To take a book from the 
shelf. Gnnxb najibxo c semaJiKH. 
To take one's coat from the peg. 

2. to take off. Cnnxb manKy, 



CHO 



133 



COB 



H, SOXHHKH. To take off 
one's hat, gloves, boots. 

3. tO Shoot. CHHXb KHHO$HJIbM. To 

shoot a film. 

CHOBA adv. again 

CnoBa npHmJia 3HMa. Winter came 
again. 

CHflTb see CHHMATb 

COEAKA / dog 

COEHPA|Tb, -K), -emb, -KT imp. KO- 
TO? HTO?//?. coSpaxb, co6ep|y, 
-emb, -yx, past coSpaJi, co6pajia, 
co6paji|o, -H 

1. to collect. Co6paxb semn B #o- 
pory. To collect one's things for 
a journey. Co6paxb JUOACH. To 
assemble people. 

2. to gather. Co6paxb ypoman. To 
gather in the crop. 

3. imp. to collect. Co6npaxb 
KHHFH, MapKH. To collect books, 
stamps. Co6paxb KOjiJieKUHio, 
6n6jiHOTeKy. To make a collec- 
tion, a library. 

4. to put together. Co6paxb Moxop, 
MaiHHHy. To put together an 
engine, a machine. 

COEHPA|TBCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOXCH 
imp. I p. co6paxbca, co6ep|ycb, 
-embcfl, -yxcn, past coSplajica, 
-ajiacb, -Jiocb, -jiHCb 

1. to gather. VHacxmiKH KOH^G- 
penn,HH co6pajracb B saJie. Those 
taking part in the conference 
gathered in the hall. CoSnpaiox- 
CH xy^H. Clouds are gathering. 

2. to decide, to intend. MH co- 
6pajincb HOHXH na BbicxaBKy. We 
decided to go to the exhibition. 

COBPAHHE neut. 

1. meeting. TopmecxBeHHoe co6pa- 
Hne. A ceremonial meeting. HA- 
TH na co6paHHe. To go to a 
meeting. IIpHcyxcxBOBaxb Ha 
co6paHHH. To be present at a 
meeting. CoGpanne COCXOHXCH BO 
BxopHHK. The meeting takes 
place on Tuesday. 

2. collection. GoGpanne coHHHeHHH. 
A collection of works. 

COEPATB see COEHPATB 
COBPATBCH see COEMPATBCH 
COECTBEHHOCTB /., no pi property 

FocyAapcxBeHHaa codcxBeHHOcxb. 

State property. Hacxnan c66cxB6H- 

HOCTB. Private property. 



coScxBOHHOCXb. Personal property. 
CoScxBeHHOCXb Ha 36MJIK). Owner- 
ship of land. 
CGECTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. own. C66cxB6HHHH AOM. One' s 
own house. 

2. self-. HyBcxBO c66cxB6HHoro ^o- 
cxoHHCXBa. Self-respect. 

COEIilTHE neut. event 

HcxopH^ecKoe coCbixne. An histor- 
ic event. MejKflynapOAHoe C o6biXHe. 
An international event. B Mnpe npo- 
HCXO^HX Ba>KHbie co6bixHH. Impor- 
tant events are taking place in the 
world. 

COBEPfflAlTB, -H), -einb, -iox imp. 
HXO?//?. coBepmjnxb, -y, -nmb, 
-ax to perform, to accomplish 
GoBepmnxb no^BHr. To accomplish 
a feat. GoBepmHXb nyxemecxBHe. 
To make a journey. CoBepmnxb 
noes^Ky no cxpane. To tour a coun- 
try. GoBepmiixb npecxynjieHHe. 
To commit a crime. 

COBEPmKTB see COBEPHIATB 

COBECTB /., no pi. conscience 

HHCxan cosecxb. A clear conscience. 
<> Ho coBecTii roBOpa. Honestly 
(speaking). 

CO BET 1 m. advice 

Oxe^ A&JI cosex Cbiny. The father 
gave his son a piece of advice. LJen- 
HbiH cosex. Valuable advice. Bjiaro- 
Aapaxb aa COBCX. To thank for ad- 
vice. OSpaxHXbCH aa cosexoM K cne- 
n,HaJiHCxy. To turn to a specialist 
for advice. EH He HyjKHti Bamn co- 
Bexbi! She doesn't need your advice! 

COBET 2 m. council, Soviet 

BepxoBHbiii Gosex CGCP. The Su- 
preme Soviet of the USSR. GoBex 
MHHHCxpOB.Tfo Council of Ministers. 

COBET|OBATb, -yro, -yenib, -yiox 
imp. K o M y? + inf. / p. nocoBe- 
x|oBaxb, -yio, -yenib,'-yiox jto advise 
Cosexyio saM nponnxaxb axy KHH- 
ry. 7 advise you to read this book. 

COBET|OBATBCH, -yiocb, -yembca, 
-yioxcH imp. c KCM?/P. nocoBe- 
xlosaxbCH, -yrocb, -yembca, -yroxcfl 
to ask advice 

GoBexoBaxbca c poflHxejiHMH. To 
ask advice from one's parents. 

COBETCK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -HO 

1. Soviet. CoBexcKaa BJiacxb. Soviet 
power. CoBexcKoe npaBHxeJibCXBO. 



COB 



134 



C03 



The Soviet Government. Co- 
B6TCKHH Cows. The S oviet 
Union. 

2. Soviet. CoBexcKne aaBO^Li. Soviet 
plants. CoBexcKHe cnen,HaJiiic- 
TH. Soviet specialists. CoBex- 
CKBH HayKa. Soviet science. 
COBEIIjAHHE neut. conference 

CoBemaHHe rjiaB npaBHxejibcxB. A 
conference of the heads of States. 
y^acTBOBaib B coBemaeHH. To take 
part in a conference. IIpHcyxcxBO- 
Baxb na coBemaHHH. To be present 
at a conference. . 
COBPATb see BPATb 
COBPEMEHH|blft, -an, -oe, -He mod- 
ern 

CoBpeMeHHoe HCKyccxBO. Modern 
art. CoBpeMeHHaa xexnHKa. Mod- 
ern technology. CoBpeMeHHbin npo- 
MMniJieHHLiH ropOA- A modern in- 
dustrial city. 
COBCfiM adv. 

1. quite. OH COBCCM MaJienbKHH. He 
is quite small. 

2. in negative constructions not at all. 
TBI COBCGM ne yMeenib njiaeaxb. 
You cannot swim at all. 

COBX03 m. state farm 

riepeAOBOH COBXOS. A foremost state- 
farm. ^npeKxop coBxoaa. The 
director of a state farm. 

COrjlACEH, corjiacH|a, -o, -H short 
adj. 

1. Ha qxo? ready. H corjiacen 
exaxb BMecxe. / am ready to go 
with you. OH corJiacen Ha BCC. 
He is ready for anything. 

2. c K e M? c H e M? agreeable. H 
corJiacen c BaMH. 7 agree with 
you. MM ne corjiacmj c XBOHM 
MHCHHeM. We don't agree with 
your opinion. H corjiacna. 7 
agree. 

COrjIACflTbCH see COrJIAfflATBCH 

COrJlAinA|TbCH, -rocb, -enibcfl, -IOXCH 

imp. c KBM? c H6M? &-}- inf. I 

p. corJia|CHXbCfl, -mycb, -ciimbCH, 

-CHXCH 

1. to agree. OH corJiaciiJica BH- 
noJiHHXb axy pa66xy. He agreed 
to do that work. 

2. to agree. GorJiacHXbca c xosa- 
pHmeM. To agree with a friend. 
GorjiacnxbCH c npeAJioweHHeM. 
To agree to a proposal, fl 



corjiacHjicfl c xeM, HXO OH cKaaan 
MHe. 7 agreed with what he told 
me. 

COrJIAIHEHHE neut. agreement 
ToproBoe corJiameHae. A trade 
agreement. 3aKJiK)HHXb corjiameHHe 
c ApyniMH cxpanaMH. To conclude 
an agreement with other countries. 
<$> llpiiiiTii K corjiameHHio. To 
come to an agreement. 
COFPETb see TPETb 
CO^EPHAHHE neut., no pi. contents 
PaccKaaaxb coAepHtanne KHHFH. To 
tell the contents of a book. 
COEAHHflTb see COEJJHHflTb 
COEflHHflTbCfl se e COE^HHUTbCfl 
COEAHHUjTb, -K), -emb, -iox imp. 
HXO? c T ieM?/p. coe^HHliixb, -ro, 

-HIHfe, -HX 

1. to connect, to link. Coe/jHHHXb 
ABa ropo^a HteJieanon floporon. 
To connect two cities by a rail- 
way. 

2. to combine. GoeAHHHXb xeopnro 
c npaKXHKOH. To combine theo- 
ry with practice. 

COEflHHH|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -IOXCH 
imp. I p. coeflHH|HTBCH, 1st & 2nd 
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, 
-HXCH to join together, to unite 
ApMHii coeAHBHJiHCb na paccBexe. 
The armies joined together at dawn. 
HpoJiexapnH scex cxpan, coe^H- 
HHHxecb! Workers of the world, 
unite! 

C03#A|BATb, -16, -emb, -rox imp. 
H x o?//?. C03fl;axb, COSASLM, cosAamb, 

COSAaCX, C03A3AHM, C03AaAMX6, CO- 

SAaflyx, past cosAaJi, cosAaJia, co- 
3AaJi|o, -H to create 
CosAaxb HOByio xeopnio. To create 
a new theory. CosAaxb xopomne 
ycJiOBHH Rna. pa66xbi. To provide 
good conditions for work. 
C03^A|fiATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -IOXCH imp. / 
p. cosAaxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. cosAacxcn, COSAS- 
AyxcH to be created 
CoaAaioxcH HOBbie njiaiiu. New 
plans are created. CosAaJiocb cepbea- 
Hoe noJTOJKeHHe. A serious situa- 
tion has been created. 
CO3flATb see CO3flABATb 
C03,HATbCH see C03^ABATbCH 



C03 



135 



COP 



C03HAHHE neut. 

1. consciousness. Hoxepaxb coaHa- 
HHe. To lose consciousness. Etixb 
6es cosHaHHH. To be unconscious. 

2. philos. consciousness. BHTHC 
onpefleJiaeT coaHanne. Being 
determines consciousness. 

3. understanding, sense. GoanaHHe 
AOJira. Sense of duty. 

C03HATEJIbH|blft, -an, -oe, -He; 
adv. coaHaxejibHo 

1. conscientious. CosnaxejibHoe ox- 
HomeHHe K pa66xe. A conscientious 
attitude to one's work. Co3Ha- 
xejibHtiH qejiOBen. A conscien- 
tious person. 

2. deliberate. OH c^ejiaji 310 co- 
snaxejibHo. He did it deliberate- 

COflTH 'see CXOJjflTb 1 
COflTfiCb see CXOflftTbCH 

COJIJjAT m., gen. pi. cojiAax soldier 
CMenbiH cojiflax. A courageous sol- 
dier. OxpH# cojmax. A detachment 
of soldiers. 

COJIEH|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie 

1. salt. CojieHbiH cyn. Salt soup. 

2. salted. Cojienbie oryputi. Salted 
cucumbers. 

COJIHAAPHOCTb /., only sing, soli- 
darity 

CojiHflapnocTb TpyAflnjHXCH Bcex 
cxpan. Solidarity of the workers of 
the world. 

COJIHEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie 

1. sun, solar. CojraeHHbiH csex. 
Sunlight. CoJiHennaH cncxeMa. 
The solar system. Cojmeqnoe 
aaxMeHHe. An eclipse of the sun. 

2. sunny. CoJineHHtiH flenb. A sun- 
ny day. 

COJIHIJE [coH^e] neut. 

1. Sun. Ox SeMJiH 30 Connna 
cxo nnxbftecHX MHJIJIHOHOB KHJIO- 
MexpOB. It's 150 million kilome- 
tres from the Earth to the Sun. 

2. sun. Cojraije CBBXHX HPKO. The 
sun is shining brightly. 

3. sun. JleJKaxb na cojrane. To lie 
in the sun. 

COJlb /. 

1. only sing. salt. Xjie6 c coJibio. 
Bread and salt. 

2. salt. GOJIH KaJibnHH. Calcium 
salts. 

<0> XjieS-cojib. Bread and salt 



(symbol of hosjpitality). Bcxpe- 
qaxfa xjieSoM-cojibH). To welcome 
somebody with bread and salt. 
B qew 3Aecb COJIL? What's the 
point? 

COMHEBA|TbCH, -rocb, -einbCH, -roxcn 
imp. B K o M? B H e M? to doubt 
CoMHeBaxbCH B ycnexe. To doubt 
one's success. He coMHCBaxbCH B 
flpyre. Not to doubt one's friend. 
Mbi ne coMHefiaeMCH, HXO BH BLIHOJI- 
HHxe 3xy aa^aqy. We have no doubt 
that you will carry out this task. 
COH m., gen. cna 

1. only sing, sleep. OH cnnx npen- 
KHM CHOM. He is fast asleep. OH 
yjibi6aJiCH BO cne. He smiled in 
his sleep. 

2. dream. H BH^eji BO cne cBoero 
xoBapnm;a. / dreamt of my 
friend. Euy cnnjincb xopomne 
CHH. He had pleasant dreams. 

COOBmAjTb, -ro, -emb, -lox imp. 

H X 0? K M y? O K 6 M? 



. coo6ni;|iixb, -y, -iiinb, -ax 
to report 

Coo6m;HXb HOBOCXH ^pyabHM. To 
tell the news to one's friends. Tase- 
XLI coo6m;aiox 06 ycneniHOM Bbinoji- 
H6HHH HJiana. The newspapers re- 
port the successful fulfilment of the 
plan. Ho paflHO cooSmiiJin, ^TO 
Hainn cnopxcMeHbi Bbicxynnjin yc- 
nenmo. The radio reported that our 
sportsmen had achieved good suc- 
cess. 
COOEmEHHE neut. 

1. announcement, communication 
BaJKHoe cooSmeHne. An impor- 
tant announcement (communica- 
tion). flenaxb coo6meHne. To 
make an announcement. 

2. communication. Hyxif coo6m;e- 
HHH. Ways of communication. 
IIpHMoe coo6in,eHHe. A through 
service. 

COOBD^flTb see COOBIIJATb 
COHPOTHBJIEHHE neut., no pi. resist- 

ance 

Onasaxb conpoxEBjienne npoxHB- 

HHKy. To offer resistance to the 

enemy. 
COPEBHOBAHHE neut., no pi. 

1. emulation. 

2. competition. GnopxHBHbie copes- 

Sports competition. 



COP 



136 



COLJ 



CopesHOBaHHH no jibbKaM. Skiing 
competition. VnacTBOBaTb B co- 
peBHOBaHHHX. To take part in a 
competition. 

COPEBH|OBATbCH, -yrocb, -yemb- 
CH, -yioicfl imp. c KCM? c HGM? 
to emulate, to compete 
Ham aasofl copeBHyeicn c cocejj- 
HHM npejjnpnHTHeM. Our plant com- 
petes with a nearby enterprise. 

COCE/J m., pi. -H, -en neighbour 
.ZJpyjKHbie coceflH. Friendly neigh- 
bours. 

COCEJJHIHfl, -HH, -ee, -He neigh- 
bouring, adjoining 
CoceAHHH KOMHaxa. An adjoining 
room. CoceflHHe ^epeBHH. Neigh- 
bouring villages. 

COCHA /., pi. COCHM, COCCH pine-tree 
BbicoKan cocea. A tall pine-tree. 
<0 3a6jiyAHTbCH B Tpe'x cocnax 
(proverb). Cf. To lose one's way in 
broad daylight. 

COCTAB m. composition 

CociaB KOMaHflH. The composition 
of a team. 

<0> JJ ejier annfl B cocxase DHTH 
^ejiOBeK. A five-member delegation. 

COCTABHTb see COCTABJlHTb 

COCTAB JlH|Tb, -K), -enib, -K>T imp. 

H T 0? / p. COCTa|BHTb, -BJIK), -BHfflb, 
-BHT 

1. to make (up). CocxaBHTb CHHCOK 
yqacTHHKOB. To make a list of 
participants. GocxaBHTb Kaiajior 
KHHF. To make a book cata- 
logue. 

2. to form. CocraBHTb onpeaeneH- 
Hoe MHCHHe. To form a definite 
opinion. 

<> CoCTHBHTb KOMIIUIIIIIO KOMy-Jlft- 

60 (colloq.). To keep somebody com- 
pany. 
COCTOHHHE neut., no pi. 

1. condition. 3KOHOMimecKoe cocxo- 
HHHe cipaHti. The economic 
situation in a country. BojibHOH 
B THHteJiOM COCTOHHHH. The pa- 
tient is in a critical condition. 
CociOflHHe #eji. The state of af- 
fairs. 

2. fortune. Kpynnoe cocTOflnne. 
A large fortune. 

<> H H6 B COCTOflHHH IIpO;(O.i;KUTI> 

pasroBOp. / am unable to con- 
tinue our conversation. 



COCTO|flTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -HT, -ax imp. 

1. H 3 KOTO? H3 nero? to con- 

sist. OpKCCIp COCTOHT H3 H3- 
B6CTHHX MySHKaHTOB. The or- 

chestra consists of well-known 
musicians. 

2. B HCM? to consist in. 3aaqa 

COCTOHT B TOM, HT06bI 6bICTpO 



The task is to quickly master 

progressive methods. 
COCTOlHTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH p. to 
take place 

Co6paHHe cocTOHJiocb B sajie. The 
meeting took place in the hall. JleK- 

D,HH H6 COCTOHTCH H3-3a 60JIC3HH 

JieKTOpa. The lecture will not take 
placC owing to the lecturer's illness. 
COCymECTBOBAHHE neut., no pi. 
co-existence 

Mripnoe cocym;ecTBOBaHHe. Peace- 
ful co-existence. 

COCHHTATb see CHHTATb, 1 
COT|HH /., gen. pi. -en hundred 

COTHH JiiofleH npimiJiH na HJIO- 
m;aa;b. Hundreds of people came to 
the square. Tpn COTHH py6jieH. 
Three hundred roubles. 

COXPAHflTbCH see COXPAHIlTbCH 

COXPAHH|TbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -IOTCH imp./ 
p. coxpaH|HTbca, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH 

1. to be preserved. Grapan KapTH- 
na xopomo coxpannjiacb. The 
old picture was well preserved. 

H6JIOKH XOpOmO COXpaHHJIHCb B 

Hm,HKe. The apples had kept 
well in the box. 

2. to survive. HeKOTOpue CTapue 
o6bman coxpaHHJincb ^o Hamnx 
flHCH. Some old customs have 
survived up to our time. 

COlJHAJlfl3M m., no pi. socialism 
COIJHAJIHCTflHECKIHfl, -an,] -oe, 
-HO 

1. socialist. ConnajiHCTifaecKafl pe- 
BOJiK>n;HH. The socialist revolu- 

tion. COHHaJIHCTHHeCKHe CTpaHH. 

The socialist countries. 

2. socialist. ConnajiHCTHqecKoe OT- 
HomeHHe K Tpy^y. A socialist at- 
titude to work. 



cou; 



137 



cno 



COIJHAJIbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. social. ConnajibHoe nojiowemie. 
Social status. 

2. social. ConHaJibHaH PCBOJUOHIIH. 
A social revolution. ComiaJiBHBie 
pe&opMbi. Social reforms. 

COHHHEHHE newt. 

1. work. HoJiHoe coSpanne co^n- 
HGHHH A. G. EymKHHa. The 
complete works of A. S. Pushkin. 

2. composition. CoqHHeirae o TBOp- 
HecTse IlymKHHa. A composi- 
tion on Pushkin's works. Haira- 
CTB co^HHCHHe na flannyio 
TCMy. To write a composition 
on a given subject. 

COK)3 m. 

1. union. Coroa pa66*mx H Kpec- 
TBHH. The union of workers and 
peasants. 

2. alliance. BoeHHtra coios. A mili- 
tary alliance. 

3. union. Coroa COBCTCKHX CoijHa- 
jracTHHecKHX PecnySnHK. The 
Union of Soviet Socialist Re- 
publics. 

4. union. IIpo<$eccHOHaJiBHBiH COIOB. 
A trade union. 

CIIAJIIbHH /., gen. pi. -en bedroom 
CIIACA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. KO- 
TO? HTO? OT K o r 6? OT q e r 6? 
or KOMy? HTO?//?. cnac|TH, -y, 
-emB, -yx, past cnac, -jia, -Jio, -JIH 
to save 

Bpaq cnac H(H3HB SojiBHOMy. The 
doctor saved the patient's life. 
CHACA|TbCH, -rocB, -emBCH, -K>TCH 
imp. OT KOTO? OT Her 6?/p. 
cnac|THCB, -ycB, -einBCH, -yxcH, 
past cnacjcfl, -JiacB, -JIOCB, -JIHCB 
to save oneself, to escape 
JlexqnK easa cnacca OT CMepTH. 
The flyer barely escaped death. 
JKHTCJIH cnacajincB OT sparoB B jie- 
cy. The inhabitants fled from the 
enemy to the forest. 
CnACflBO thank you 

Cnacn6o 3a HHCBMO. Thank you for 
the letter. Cnacn6o sa coseT. Thank 
you for your advice. BoJiBmoe cna- 
cn6ol Thank you very much indeed! 
CHACTfl see CnACATb 
CIIACTflCb see CHACATbCH 
CIIATb, cnJiK), cnnmB, CHHT, past 
cnaji, -a, cna;i|o, -H imp. to sleep 
CnaTB BCK) HO^IB. To sleep the whole 



night. KpenKO cnaTB. To sleep 

soundly. 

<> OH cnaji, KaK ySnTWH. He slept 

like a log. 

CHEKTAKJIb m. show 

HHTepecHBiH cneKTaKJiB. An inter- 
est.ing show. TejieBHSHOHHtra cneK- 
TaKJiB. A television show. CneK- 
TaKJiB BojiBmoro Teaxpa. A Bolshoi 
Theatre show. HpHcyTCTBOBaTB na 
cneKTaKJie. To be present at a show. 

CIIETb see IIETb 

CHEUiHAJIbHOCTb /. profession, 
speciality 

HyjKnaa cnen;HaJiBHOCTB. A neces- 
sary profession. PejjKan c^e^HaJIB- 
HOCTB. A rare profession. OH no 
cnen;HajiBHOCTH HHJKenep. He is an 
engineer by profession. 

OIEIJHAJIbHlbJfl, -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. 
cnen,HaJiBHo 

1. special. Cnen,Hajn>HaH o.n;eJKAa^ 
Special clothes. 

2. professional. CneniiaJiBHoe 06- 
pasosaHHe. Professional training. 

3. special. OH c^ejiaji 310 cne- 
n;HaJibHO AJIH MCHH. He did that 
specially for me. 

CHEmiflTb, -y, -HHIB, -ax imp. K y A a> 
& + inf. 

1. to hurry. CneimtrB JJOMOH. To 
hurry home. OH cneiuiiji nanii- 
caTB po^piTejiflM o CBOHX BnenaT- 
JieHHHx. He was in a hurry to 
write to his parents about his- 
impressions. 

2. to gain, to be fast. ^acBi cne- 
maT na 5 MHHyT. The clock zs 
5 ^minutes fast. 

CIIHHA /., ace. cnnny; pi. CHHHLI back 
JIe>KaTB na cnnne. To lie on one's? 
back. OH CTOHJI cnnHOH K HaM. He 
stood with his back to us. Yjjap B- 
cnHHy. A stab in the back. 

CnflC|OK m., gen. -Ka list 

CHHCOK y^enHKOB. A list of the 
pupils. GocTaBHTb CDHCOK. To make- 
a list. 

f., gen. pi. -en match 
cnii^Ky. To light a match. 
Kop66Ka cnHH6K. A box of mat- 
ches. 

CnOKOflH|blK, -an, -pe, -He, short 
form cnoKoen, cnoKOHH|a, -o, -H; 
adv. CHOKOHHO 
1. quiet. CnoKOHHafl pena. A quiet 



cno 



138 



CPA 



river. CxoHXb CDOKOHHO. To 
stand quietly. Cnfluxe COOKOHHO! 
Sit still! 

2. serene, tranquil. CnoKOHHan 
yjibiSKa. A serene smile. Cno- 
KOHHan 5KH3HB. A quiet life. 
CnoKOHHtiH HejiOBeK. A calm 
person. CEOKOHHHH xapanxep. 
An even temper. 

<> CnoKoimoii HOIII! Good night! 
CnOP|HTb, -ro, -nnib, -HT imp. o 

KOM? O H6M? C KCM? / p. HO- 

cnop|HXb, -K), -Hiiib, -HT to argue 
Cnopnxb c xoBapnmeM o KHHre. To 
have an argument with a friend 
about a book. 

CIIOPT m., no pi. sport 

JltttKHbiH cnopx. Skiing. BHflbi 
cnopxa. Kinds of sport. SaHHMaxb- 
CH cnopxoM. To go in for sport. 

CIIOPTflBHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie sports 
CnopxiiBHan njiomaflKa. A sports 
ground. CnopxHBHbin KOCXKJM. A 
sports costume. CnopxHBHbie copes- 
HOBamiH. Sports competitions. 

CnOCOB m. way, method 

Cnocoo" npnroxoBJieHHH jienapcxBa. 
The method of making up a medicine. 
HaaflHxe KaKOH-HH6y,n;b cnoco6 
BCTpexHTbCH c HHM. Find a way 
of meeting him. 

CnOCOBHOCTb /. K ieMy? 

1. ability. Ilocjie panenHH OH no- 
Tepnji cnoc66nocTb ^BiiraibCH. 
After being wounded he lost the 
ability to move. 

2. usu. pi. aptitude. V nero 6oJib- 
mite cnocodHOCTH K MaxeinaTHKe. 
He has a great aptitude for 
mathematics. 

CnOCOBHILlB, -an, -oe, -tie capable 

CnocoSntiH lonoraa. A capable 

youth. 
CDPABA adv. (cf. HAHPABO, 2) on 

(to) the right 

MOH cxyji CTOHT cnpasa. My chair 

is on the right. Cnpasa OT flOMa 

naxoAHTCH KHHOieaip. To the right 

of the house is a cinema. 
CHPABEAJIflBILlfl, -an, -oe, -bie, 

short form cnpaBe,nJiHB, -a, -o, -H; 

adv. cnpaBe,n;jiHBO just 

CnpaBe^JiHBtiH nejioseK. A just 

person. CnpaBe^JiHBoe pemeHne. A 

just decision. IIocTynaTb 

JIHBO. To act justly. 



CnPAmHBA|Tb, -ro, -erab, -IOT imp. 
KOTO? o KOM? o qe M?/ 
p. cnpocHTb, cnpomy, cnpocHmb, 
cnpocHT to ask 

y^Hxejib cnpociiji yqeniraa. The 
teacher asked a pupil. CnpamHBaTb 
o a^opOBbe. To ask after somebody's 
health. 

CHPOCflTb see CnPAfflHBATb 
CHPHTATb see HPHTATb 
CHPHTATbCH see HPIlTATbCH 
CnyCKA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -K>TCH 
imp. Kya? OTKy^a?/ p. cnyc- 
THTbCH, cnyn^ycb, cnycTHnibcn, 
cnycTHTCH to descend 
CnycTHTbca c ropH. To descend 
from the mountain. CnycTHTbcn no 
jiecTHHne c Tpexbero axaJKa na nep- 
BbiH. To go downstairs from the 
second floor to the ground floor. 
CnycKaTbcn na JiH<J)Te. To go down 
in \he lift. 

CnYCTflTbCH see CHYCKATbCH 

cnyiHHK m. 

1. companion, fellow-traveller. MOH 
cnyxHHK 6biJi BpanoM. My com- 
panion was a doctor. 

2. satellite. Jlyna cnyxHHK 3eM- 
JIH. The Moon is the Earth's sat- 
ellite. HCKyCCTBeHHblH CnyTHHK. 

An artificial satellite. Sanycxiixb 
cnyxHHK. To launch a satellite. 
BwBecxH cnyxHHK na opSnxy. 
To put a satellite in orbit. Ha- 
6JiK>AeHHe aa cnyxHHKOM. Track- 
ing a satellite. 

CPABHEHHE neut. 

1. comparing. CpaBHCHne flByx 
HBJieHHH, flByx JHO^eH. Compar- 
ing two phenomena, two people. 

2. simile. Jlnxepaxypnoe cpaBHe- 
nne. A simile. 

<> Ho c'paiJHeinno.., c K e M? c 
H6M? Compared with... IIo cpau- 

IIOIIHIO C TCM, MTO H BHA6JI 

paiibiue, ropoA 6iciib HSMCHMJICJI. 
Compared with what I saw before, 
the city has changed a lot. 
CPABHHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

KOTO? qXO?CKeM?CH6M?/ 
p. CpaBHJHXb, -K), -Hnib, -HT 

1. to compare. CpaBHHXb nti^pbi. 
To compare figures. CpaBHHXb 
flsa HBJICHHH. To compare two 
phenomena. 



CPA 



139 



CTA 



2. to compare. CpasHnxb noBepx- 

HOCTb BOflbl C 36pKaJIOM. To 

compare the surface of the water 
to a mirror. 
CPABHflTb see CPABHHBATb 

CPA3Y adv. immediately 

OH cpaay HOHHJI. He understood 
immediately. Mbi ynuiH cpasy no- 
cjie o6e^;a. We left immediately af- 
ter dinner. 

CPE/JA 1 /-. pi. cpeAbi, cpejj, cpe^aM, etc. 

1. medium. Bosflynman cpe,n;a. Air 
medium. 

2. only sing, surroundings. OKpy- 
jKaiomaflcpe^a. Surroundings. OH 
BocmixbiBaJicH B paSoHeH cpee. 
He was brought up in work- 
ing-class surroundings. 

CPE A A 2 /., ace. cpey; pi. cpeffbi, 
cpefl, cpe^aM, etc. Wednesday 
Cero^HH cpe#a. Today is Wednes- 
day. JTeKnira *mxaioxcH no cpe/jaM. 
Lectures are delivered on Wednes- 
days. B cpe^y npmiexHx nania 
cnopxHBHafl ftejieranHH. Our sports 
delegation arrives on Wednesday. 

CPEftfl prep, -f gen. 

1. in the middle of. ROM CXOHJI 
cpeflH Jieca. The house was in 
the middle of the forest. Cpe^ii 
HOHH pasAajica 3BOHOK. A bell 
rang in the middle of the night. 

2. among. Cpe^M cxy^enxoB SHJI 
MOH flpyr. Among the students 
was my friend. Pa66xa 
MOJioa;e>KH. Work among youth. 

-HH, -ee, -ne 

1. middle. Cpe/jnee OKHO. The mid- 
dle window. 

2. medium. HeJioseK cpeAnero poc- 
xa. A person of medium height. 

3. fig. average. Cpe^Hne cnoc66- 
HOCTH. Average abilities. 

<> CpeffHHH raKojia. Secondary 
school. IIojiyHHTb cpeflnee o6pa- 
BOBaiinc. To get secondary edu- 
cation. CpeftHiie BCKa. The Mid- 
dle Ages. 

neut. 

1. means. Gpe^cTBa 

The means of production. 

cxfia nepeABHjKeHHH. Means of 

transportation. 

2. method; remedy. HOBHO cpe#- 
cxsa jieneHHH 6oJie3HH. New 
methods of treating a disease. 



3xo e^HHCXBeHHoe cpe^cxBo! This 
is the only remedy! 

CPOK m. time 

C/jejiaxb pa66xy B cpOK. To do the 
work in time. Bee cpOKH npomjin. 
All time limits have passed. 

CPOHHIBIfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. cpo^- 
HO urgent 

CpOHHoe coo6m;eHHe. An urgent 
communication. Yexaxb no CPOHHO- 
My fl&iy. To go away on urgent 
business. Gpo^HO yexaxb. To leave 
at once. Cp6*raaa xejierpaMMa. An 
urgent telegram. 

CCOP|HTbCH, -K)Cb, -HfflbCH, -HXCH 
imp. C K6M? / p. noCCOp|HXbCH, 

-rocb, -nmbcfl, -HXCH to quarrel 
He Ha,n;o ccopnxbCH. You shouldn't 
quarrel. HoccopHXbCH c xoBapnmeM. 
To quarrel with a friend. 
CTA|BHTb, -BJiro, -BHnib, -BHX imp. 
KOTO? HXO? Ky,c[a? /p. nocxa|- 

BHXb, -BJIK), -BHUIb, -BHX 

1. to put. GxaBHXb cxanan na CXQJI. 
To put a glass on the table. IIo- 
cxaBHXb DiBexti B Bo^y. To put 
flowers in water. HocxaBHxb KHH- 
rn na Mecxo. To put the books 
in their place. 

2. to give. GxaBHXb oxMexny. To 
give a mark. 

3. to make. CxaBHxb dnuxLi. To 
make experiments. 

4. to set. HocxaBHXb sa^any nepe^ 
KOJiJieKXHBOM. To set a task be- 
fore a collective. 

5. to stage. GxaBHXb nbecy. To 
stage a play. 

<> HocTaBHTb peKop^;. To set up 
a record. CraBHTb ^narnos. To 
diagnose. OraBHTfo ycJiOBiia KO- 
My-jiH6o. To lay down terms to 
somebody. IIocTaBHTb Koro-JiH6o 
B TpyflHoe nojiOHfeHHe. To place 
somebody in an embarrassing situ- 
ation. 

CTAJjHOH m. stadium 

HOBHH cxa^HOH. A new stadium. 
GopeBHOBaHHH COCXOHXCH na cxa- 
AHOHC. The competition will take 
place at the stadium. 

CTAKAH m. glass 

HHCXHH cxaKan. A clean glass. Gxa- 
Kan MOJiOKa. A glass of milk. 

CTA Jib /. steel 

HOJK H3 cxaJin. A knife made of 



CTA 



140 



CTH 



steel. Bapaxb cxaJib. To found 
steel. 
CTAJIbH|Cft, -an, -oe, -ue 

1. steel. CxaJibHOH HO>K. A steel 
knife. 

2. steel(y). CxaJibHOH n.Bex. Steel 
colour. 

3. fig.: CxajibHan BOJIH. Cf. An iron 
will. 

CTAHOBftTbCfl, cxaHOBJiiocb, cxaHo- 
BHnibCH, cxanoBHXCH imp. KCM? 
KaKHM? / p. cxajxb, -ny, -nemb, 
-nyx 

1. to stand. Cxaxb y flBepen, cxaxb 
K flsepaM, cxaxb K cxanKy. To 
stand at the entrance, to take up 
a position near the door, to take 
one's place at the lathe. 

2. only p. to stop. HaCM CX&JIH. The 
clock has stopped. 

3. to become. OH cxaji HnmenepoM. 
He became an engineer. Ilorona 
cxanoBHjiacb XOJIOAHOH. The 
weather was getting cold. CxaJio 
XCMHO. It became dark. 

4. only p. -j- inf. to start. MM cxa- 
JIH nexb. We started singing. 

5. only p. to become (of). Hxo c HUM 
cxaJio noxoM? What became of 
him afterwards? 

<> Bo ITO 6w TO HH CTajio. By 

all means. 
CTAH|OK m., gen. -Ka machine-tool, 

lathe 

ToKapHbiH cxanoK. A lathe. Pa66- 

xaxb na HOBOM cxaime. To work at 

a new machine-tool. 
CTAHIJHH /. 

1. station. CxanniiH Mexpo. An 
underground station. JK/jaxb H a 
cxaHHHH. To wait at a station. 

2. exchange. Te^e^oHHan cxaHH,HH 
A telephone exchange. 

CTAPA|TbCH, -rocb, -einbCH, -IOXCH 
imp.-}- inf. I p. nocxapa|xbCH, -rocb, 
-embCH, -IOXCH 

1. to try. V nero ne Bcerjta Bee 
xopoino noJiy^aexcH, XOXH OH 
OHCHb cxapaexcH. He doesn't 
always succeed in everything, 
though he tries hard. 

2. to try. OH cxapaJicn Btmojimrrb 
pa66xy B cpOK. He tried to do 
the work in time. 

CTAPflK m., gen. -a old man 
CTAPOCTb /., no pi. old age 



cxapocxb. Extreme old 
age. B cxapocxn. In one's old age. 
B cxapocxH OH cxaji HJIOXO CJIH- 
maxb. As he grew old, his hearing 
became poor. 

CTAPYXA /. old woman 

CTAPffllHfl, -an, -ee, -ne 

1. elder, eldest. MOH cxapman ce- 
cxpa span. My elder (eldest) 
sister is a doctor, y HHX xpa 
CMHa. CxapmnH pa66xaex na aa- 

BOfle, CpeflHHH y^HXCH B LUKO- 

Jie, a MnaAniHii XO^HX B ^ex- 
CKHH caA. They have three sons. 
The eldest works at a plant, the 
middle one goes to school and the 
youngest goes to the kindergarten. 

2. senior. Cxapmua HayMHwii co- 
xpyflHHK. A senior research asso- 
ciate. 

CTAPjblfl, -aH, -oe, -bie, short form 
cxap, cxapa, cxapjo, -LI 

1. old. CxapuH iiejiOBeK. An old 
person. Osa oqeHb cxapa. She- 
is very old. Cxapoe ^epeBO. An 
old tree. 

2. old. Cxapoe naJibxo. An old 
overcoat . 

3. old. Cxapbia npyr. An old friend. 

4. old. Cxapuii oSbiHaH. An old 
custom . 

CTATb see CTAHOBflTbCH 
CTAT|b)l /., gen. pi. -en article 

FasexnaH cxaxbn. A newspaper ar- 
ticle. Hanncaxb cxaxbio. To write 
an article. 

CTEKJIO neut., pi. cxeKJia, CXCKOJI. 
cxe'KJiaM, etc. 

1. glass. IIpoapa^Hoe CXCKJIO. Trans- 
parent glass. 

2. pane. Pas6HXb CXCKJIO B OKHB. 
To break a window-pane. 

CTEKJlHHH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie glass 
CxeKJiHHHan ^Bepb. A glass door. 

CTEHA /., ace. cieny, pi. CXCHBI^ 
CXCH, cxenaM, etc. wall 

CTEPETb see CTHPATb 1 

CTHPAlTb 1 , -K), -emb, -rox imp. 
HXO? ^eM?/j9. cxepexb, coxp|y 
-emb, -yx, past cxep, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH 
to wipe off, to rub off, to erase 
Gxnpaxb xprinKOH c HOCKH. To 
clean the blackboard with a duster. 
Cxepexb niijib co cxojia. To dust 
the table. Cxepexb nanncaHHoe. To 
erase what has been written. 



CTH 



14J 



CTP 



<> OepeTb c jnma aeMjiii HTO-JIH- 

60. To raze something to the 
ground. 
<CTHPA|Tb 2 , -TO, -enrb, -IOT, imp. 

HTO? 16M?/p. BMCTHpa|Tb, -K), 

-em&, -IOT to wash 
BbicxHpaxb 6ejn>e. To wash the lin- 
en. PynaMH cxnpaxb Tpy^no. It's 
difficult to do the washing by hand. 

CTHXfl pi. poetry 

CXHXH HyinKHHa. Pushkin's poetry. 
C66pHHK CXHXOB. A collection of 
poetry. YHHTB CTHXH nanaycxb. To 
learn poetry by heart. 

CTHXOTBOPEHHE neut. poem 

CxHXOXBOpeHHe MaHKOBCKOrO. A 

poem by Mayakovsky. JlnpHnecKoe 
CTHXOTBOpeHHe. A lyrical poem. 
TO|HTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 
3rd pers. -HT, -HT imp. 

1. to cost. Kmira CXOHX 5 pyGjien. 
The book costs 5 roubles. Enjiex 
CTOHT floporo. The ticket is ex- 
pensive. 

2. impers. is worth. He CTOHT MCHH 
SjiaroAapnxb . There's nothing to 
thank me for. 3xo CTOHT HOCMO- 
xpexb! It is worth seeing! 

$ Hrpa ne CTOHT cBei (proverb). 
The game is not worth the 
candle. 

CTOJI m., gen. -a table 

Cecxb sa CTOJI. To sit down to 
table. CH/jexb sa CTOJIOM. To sit at 
the table. Bcxaxb H3-3a cxoJia. To 
rise from the table. llHCbMeHHbiH 
CTOJI. A desk. 

CTOJIflIJA /. capital (city) 

JJpeBHHH cxojrana. The ancient cap- 
ital. HapnjK cxojinna (DpannHH. 
Paris is the capital of France. 

CTOJIOB|Afl /., gen. -OH 

1. dining-room. Sjiecb y nac cxo- 
jioBan, a Hanpaeo ftsepb B 
KyxHK). This is our dining-room 
and on the right is the door to 
the kitchen. 

2. dining-hall, canteen. CxyAeHnec- 
nan cxojiOBaH. A students 1 canteen. 

CTOJIbKO adv. 

1. so many, so much. CKOJibKO 
jnoAen, cxojibKO xapaKxepOB. Gf. 
So many people, so many minds. 

2. such a lot. OH cxojibKO 
He's done such a lot! 



CTOPOHA /., ace. cxopony; pi. cxo- 
pOHbi, cxopon, cxopoHaM, etc . side 
IlpaBan cxopona. The right-hand 
side. G JICBOH cxopOHH. From the 
left-hand side. Ha flpyron cxopone 
yjiHn;bi. On the opposite side of the 
street. Co Bcex cxopon. On all sides. 

CTO|HTb, -ro, -HHib, -ax imp. r^e? 

1. to stand. HejioseK CXOHX y OK- 
na. The man is standing at the 
window. 

2. to stand^to be (situated). GXOJI 
CXOHX B KOMHaxe. The table stands 
in the room. JJoM CXOHJI na 6e- 
pery peKH. The house stood on 
the riverbank. HapHJK CXOHX na 
Gene. Paris is situated on the 
Seine. 

3. to be. CXOHX xopomaa norofla. 
The weather is fine. 

4. to face. Ilepe^; naMH CXOHX Ba?K- 
Hbie npoSJieMbi. Important prob- 
lems face us. 

5. to stand (still). L Iacbi cxoax. The 
watch has stopped. IToes^ CXOHX. 
The train is standing still. 

<> CxoHTb BO rjiaee qero-jiH6o. To 
be at the head of something. 
GroflTb y BJiacTH. To be in power. 
CTPAHA /., pi. cxpaHH 

1. land. MOH po^nan expand. My 
native land. lOnmbie cxpaHH. 
Southern lands. 

2. country. Cxpanbi JlaximcKOH 
AMepHKH. The countries of Lat- 
in America. 

<> CTpanw CBexa. The cardinal 

points. 
CTPAHflIJA /. page 

B KHHre 100 cxpaHH^. There are 

100 pages in the book. 

<> Ha cxpaHHijax HypnaJia. In the 

columns of the magazine. 
CTPAHH|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -tie; adv. 

cxpanno strange 

CxpannaH (|)Hrypa. A strange figure. 

CxpaHHbiH BsrJiflA- ^4 strange 

look. 9xo oienb cxpanno. It is 

very strange. 
CTPAX m. fear 

^pojKaxb ox cxpaxa. To quake with 

fear. 
CTPAHIHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. 

cxpauiHO 

1. terrible. CxpanraaH Hcxopna. A 
terrible story. 



CTP 



142 



cyin 



2. colloq. awful. CxpanraaH 6ojib. 
An awful pain. 3xo cxpanrao 
HHxepecHOl It's awfully inter- 
esting/ 

3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) af- 
raid. Mne cxpaumo. / am afraid. 

CTPEJIfl|Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. B 
KOTO? BO 1x6? to shoot 
Cxpejiaxb B nejib. To shoot at a 
target . 

CTPE|MftTbCH, -MJirocb, -Mnrnbcn, 
-MHTCH imp. K K o M y? K i e M y? 
& _[_ inf. to strive 

CxpeMHXbCH K UeJIH, K CBOSo^C. 

To strive to achieve one's goal, to 
strive for freedom. CxpenoixbCH no- 
. To strive to win. 



-rycb, -wenibcn, -ryxcn, 
past cxptircH, cxpiirji|acb, -ocb, 
-neb imp.jp. nocxpn|ibCH, -rycb, 
-jKembCH, -ryxca, past nocxpiirCH, 
nocxpnrjilacb, -ocb, -neb to have 
one's hair cut 

CxpiiibCH B napHKMaxepcKOH. To 
have one's hair cut at a barber's. 
CTPOr|Hfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form 
cxpor, cxpora, CTpor|o, -H; adv. 
cxporo 

1. strict, severe. Cxpornii yiiixejib. 
A strict teacher. Oxen; cxporo 
nocMOxpen Ha ctma. The father 
looked severely at his son. Cxpo- 
nifi roJioc. A severe tone of voice. 
2. fig. strict. Cxpome npaenjia. 
Strict rules. 

CTPOflTEJILCTBO neut. 

1. construction. CxporixejibcxBO sa- 
BO^OB H $a6pHK. The construc- 
tion of plants and factories. 
Kyjibxypnoe cxponxejibcxBO. 
Cultural construction. 

2. building. Pa66xaxb na cxpoii- 
xejibcxBe. To be engaged in build- 
ing. 

CTPO|HTb, -K), -Hnib, -HX imp. HXO? / 
p. nocxp6|nxb, -H), -Hmb, -HX 

1. to build. Cxponxb flOM. To build 
a house. Gxponxb jKejieanyio o- 
pory. To build a railway. 

2. fig. to build. Cxponxb KOMMy- 
HH3M. To build communism. 

CTPOfl m., no pi. system 

FocyflapcxBeHHiiH cxpoH. A state 
system. KOJIXOSHBIH cxpon. The 
collective- farm system. 



m. student 

Cxyaenx 5-ro Kypca. A fifth-year 
student. 

m., pi cxyjibH, cxyjibeB chair 
Cecxb Ha cxyji. To sit down on a 
chair. 

CXyH|ATb, -y, -Hmb, -six imp. BO 
HXO? no HCMy? HCM?//>. no- 
cxyH|axb, -y, -limb, -ax 
Cxy^axb B OKHO. To knock at the- 
window. Gxyqaxb KyjiaKOM no cxo- 
jiy. To bang one's fist on the table. 

dl^HO predic. impers. (to be) 
ashamed 

Mne cxbiflHO. / am ashamed. Cxtifl- 
HO sa xoBapHm,a. To be ashamed of 
a friend. CXIJ^HO nepe^ ^pyabflMH. 
To be ashamed to face one's friends* 
CxHflHO cjiyrnaxb BXH CJIOBE. / 
am athamed to hear such words. 

CyfiEOTA /. Saturday 

B cy666xy 6mi HHxepecHLiH KOH- 
ij;epx. There was an interesting con- 
cert on Saturday. 
m., gen. -a 

1. law-court. 

2. trial. 

cyjKy, cy^Hmb, cy^nx imp. 



K o r 

1. to judge. MH cy^HM no xoMy,. 
ixo BH^ejin. We judge from 
what we saw. 

2. to try. CyflHTb npecxynHHiwu 
To try a criminal. 

3. to referee. CyzjHTb <|>yx66jibHyH> 
Bcxpeiy. To referee a footbalt 
match. 

<> CyH no TOMy, q-ro... Judging- 
from what... 

/., pi. cyb6bi, cy^e6 for- 
tune, fate 

TJyMaxb o cy^b6e Hapo^a. To think 
of the fate of the people. Cyflb6a 
MOHX ^pyaen. The fortunes of my 
friends. 

m., pi. cyffbH, cy^en 

1. judge. CnpaBe^jiHBbiH cyijbH. A 
just judge. Hapo^HbiH cy#bfi. 
A people's judge. 

2. referee. CnopxHBHHH cy^bn. A 
referee, an umpire. 

see VMETb 

/., gen. pi. -OK bag 

cyMKa. A leather bag. 
CyMKa %nn. npOflyKXOB. A shop- 
ping-bag. 



cyn 



143 



CHH 



cyn m., pi. -H soup 

PHCOBLIH cyn. Rice soup. Tapejma 
cyna. A plate of soup. 
CyPOB|blfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short form 
cypOB, -a, -o, -BI; adv. cypOBO 

1. stern. CypoBbiH HejioseK. A 
stern person. 

2. rugged. CyporaH npnpo^a. Rug- 
ged countryside. 

3. rigorous. Cyposaa jKH3m>. A 
rigorous life. 

no sing. , gen. -OK day, 24 hours 
Exaxb nejibie cyxKH. To be driving 
the whole day. ^Boe cyxoK Two days. 
, -aa, -6e, -He, adv. cyxo; 
comp. cyme 

1. dry. BHXPH pynn, OHH .HOJITKHH 
6bixb CVXHMH. Wipe your hands, 
they must be dry. Cyxaa OfleJK/ja. 
Dry clothes. Gyxoii B03^yx. Dry 
air. 

2. dry. Cyxaa KOMHaxa. A dry 
room. Cyxaa aeMJia. Dry earth. 

3. fig. dried-up. Cyxon qejioseK. 
A dried-up person. OH cyxo no- 
SflOpOBaJica. He greeted (some- 
body) coldly. 

<> Cyxoe mi no. Dry wine. 

CynjECTBlOBATb, -yK), -yeinb, -yrox 
imp. to exist 

HteHb na SeMJie cymecxByex MHO- 
me MHJIJIHOHLI Jiex. Life has exist- 
ed on Earth for many millions of 
years. GymecTByeT HCCKOJIBKO BH- 
AOB ynpaJKHeHHH. There are several 
kinds of exercises. 

COOTOFPAOflPOBATb see OOTO- 
TPAOflPOBATb 

CXBATflTb see XBATATb 1 

CXO^flTb 1 , cxowy, cxo^Hnib, CXO^HT 
imp. /p. COHTH, coHflly, -eniB, -yT, 

fst comeji, coraji|a, -6, -H 
to go down. CxoflHTb no JICCT- 
HHn,e. To go downstairs. 
2. to get off. Bti cxo^HTe na CJIG- 
^yiomeH ocxaHOBKe? Are you 
getting off at the next stop? 
<0> COHTH c yina. To go out of one's 
mind . 

CXOJJflTb 2 , cxomy, cxojjHinb, CXO^HT 
p. Kyaa? &-}-inf. to go to some 
place and return 

Gxo^HTb B MarasHH. To go to the 
shop (and return). CxOflHTb nory- 
. To go for a walk. 



, 1st & 2nd pers. sing. 
not used, 3rd pers. CXOAHTCH, cxo- 
JI;HTCH imp. I p. coHTiicb, 1st & 2nd 
pers. not used, 3rd pers. coH^eTCH, 
coH^yTCH, past come'jicH, conui|acb, 

-OCB, -HCL 

I/ to come together. CoHracb B 
aane. To gather in the hall. 

KOJIOHHbl ^CMOHCTpaHTOB CO- 

mJiHCb na njioma^H. Columns of 
demonstrants converged in the 
square. 

2. to suit one another. OHH co- 
nuiHCb xapaKiepaMH. They suit- 
ed one another. 
CIJEHA /. 

1. stage. OH Btimeji Ha cneny. He 
came on to the stage. 

2. scene. HHTepecHan cnena B 
cneKxaKJie. An interesting scene 
in a play. 

<> COHTH co cu,eHM. To leave the 
stage. 

CHACTJlflBjblfl [macjiHBHH], -aa, 
-oe, -bie, short form c^acxjiHB, -a, 
-o, -H; adv. cnacTJiHBO 

1. happy. GHacTJiHBafl JKHSHB. A 
happy life. C^acTJiHEbiH qejio- 
B6K. A happy man. Kan a cnaci- 
JIHB! How happy I am! 

2. lucky. TH cnacTJiHBbiH! You're 
lucky! 

<> C^acTJiHBoro nyTii! A happy 
journey! 
C^ACTbE [macTbe] neut., no pi. 

1. happiness. Bojibmoe cnacibe. 
Great happiness. JKejiaio saM 
cnacxbHl / wish you happiness! 

2. good luck. 

<> r,o,e ciacTbe, Tain H pajjocTb 
(proverb). Where there is happi- 
ness, there is joy. 

CHHTA|Tb [innxaxb], -10, -enib, -IOT 
imp. 

1. KOTO? HXO?//7. COCHHXa|xb, -K), 

-einb, -K)x to count. Gocqnxaxb 
30 cxa. To count to one hundred. 
Gnnxaxb no nopajjKy. To count 
in the order in which things are. 
TO count 



money. 

2. KOTO? qxo? KCM? qeM? to 
consider, to think. H cnnxaJi 
xe6a CBOHM flpyroM. I considered 
you to be my friend. C*raxaio, 
HXO XH nocxynnji 



MIIII 



144 



TAJI 



/ think you acted in the 
right way. 

CHIHTb see HIHTb 

CT>E3,H ra. congress 

napxHHHBiH c-Beaij. A party con- 
gress. C-Besfl npo$cOK>30B. A trade- 
union congress. 



->Ky, -flHniB, -JJHX p. 

m/. (cf. ESftHTb) to 
go to some place and return 
GteaflHTB B ApyroH ropofl. To go 
to another town (and come back). 
Ctea^HTb oxflOxnyxB. To go on a 
holiday. 

CT>E35KA|Tb, -ro, -enn>, -IOT imp. 
Kyjja? oxKy^a? / p. c-BexaxB, 
CT,e^|y, -eniB, -yx to go (come) 
down 

Ctexaxfe c ropu. To go (come) down 
the hill. 

CT>E35KA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. sing. 
not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOTCH 
imp. I p. ci>exaxBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
sing, not used, 3rd pers. c-Be^excH, 
-yxca to come together, to gather 
K Benepy nanajiH cteajKaiLCH ro- 
CTH. Towards evening the guests 
began to arrive. 

CbECTb see ECW 

CbEXATb see CbE33KATb 

CT>fiXATbCH see CbE35KATbCH 

CblFPATb see HrPATb 

CblH m., pi. CBIHOBBH, CHHOBen son 
CiapmHH CBIH. The eldest (elder) 
son. MjiaAfflHH CBIH. The youngest 
(younger) son. 

CblP m., pi. -u cheese 

Eyxep6po,n c CLJpOM. A cheese sand- 
wich. 

CbIP|Ofl, -an, -6e, -we; adv. CBipO 

1. damp. GwpaH seMJia. Damp 
earth. CBipOH soa^yx. Damp air. 
CBipaH KOMHaxa. A damp room. 
I predic. impers. SACCB OICHB 
cupo. It is very damp here. 

2. raw, unboiled. GBipoe MHCO. 
Raw meat. CBipoe MOJIOKO. Un- 
boiled milk. 

d>IT|bIft, -an, -oe, -He, short form 

CBIX, CBixa, cwx|o, -BI replete 

fl CBIX. / am full. 
CIO^A adv. Ky^a? here 

fl npnmeji cro^a yxpOM. 7 came 

here in the morning. 



T, T 

TABAK m., gen. -a tobacco 

KpenKHH xa6aK. Strong tobacco. 
KypnxB xa6aK. To smoke tobacco. 

TAEJIflIJA /. table 

Ta6jiHn;a yMHomeHHH. The multi- 
plication table. Ta6jiHn;a BHHrpBi- 
men. The list of winning numbers. 

TAflHA /. mystery 

TaHHBi npupo^Bi. Mysteries of na- 
ture. XpannxB B xaHHe. To keep 
secret. ^epwaxB B xanne. To keep 
(something) secret. 

TAK adv. 

1. as. ^ejiaxB xan, Kan nywHO. 
To do as one should. MBI xan we 

JtOBOJIBHBI DOeSflKOH, KaK H BBI. 

l^e are as pleased with the trip 
as you are. 

2. so. OH xaK MHOFO XO^ITJI, HXO 
ycxaJi. He walked so much that 
he got tired. 

3. as part of compound conj. xaK 
KaK as, xaK ixo so. 

<0> H xaK aaJiee. And so on. TaK 

cKaaaxb. So to speak. TaK iia-iwim- 

cMbiii. So-called. TaK ce6e. So-so. 

TaK H 6bixb. Let it be so. He xaK 

JIH? Is it not so? 
TAK5KE adv. also 

MBI xK?Ke CBIJIH .HOBOJIBHH. We 

were also pleased. 
TAK|Ofl, -an, -pe, -He pron. 

1. such. TaKon seqep a 6yfly HOM- 
HHXB fl;oJiro. I'll remember such 
an evening for a long time. 

2. so. CerojjHH xaKaa xopoman no- 
ro^a! Today the weather is so 
good/ 

3. the same as. OH KymiJi xaKyro 
JKC KHHry, KaK H XBI. He bought 
the same book as you did. 

<> B TaKOM cjiyqae. In this case. 

TaKHM 66pa3M. In this way. 

HT* TaKoe? What's that? 
TAKCfil neut., indecl. taxi 

JlerKOBoe xaKCH. A taxi-cab. ExaxB 

na xaKCH. To goby taxi. HaM ny^HO 

B3HXB xaKCH. We should take a taxi. 

BtiaBaxB xaKCH no xejie^OHy. To 

call a taxi by telephone. 
TAJlAHT m. talent, gift 

V Hero 6oJiBmoH xaJianx. He is very 

gifted. 



TAJ1 



145 



TEM 



TAJIAHTJIHB|blfl, -aH, -oe, -He tal- 
ented, gifted 

TajiaHXJiHBbiH yneHbiH, nncaxejib. 
A gifted scientist, writer, TaJiaHX- 
jiHBaa paSoxa, Kmira. A work, book 
of great talent. 

TAM adv. r a e? there 

TaM jKHBex MOH oxen,. My father 
lives there. TaM, r#e a poAHJicn, 
cymecxsyex MHOFO nnxepecHbix 
oSwnaeB. Where I was born, there 
exist many interesting customs. 

TAH|EIJ m., gen. -na dance 

BHCXPBIH xanen,. A quick dance. 
HcnoJiHHXb HapouHtiH xanen,. To 
perform a folk dance. Ilocemaxb 
niKOjiy xanneB. To attend a dancing 
school. 

TAHIJlEBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox 
imp. H x o? to dance 
TanneBaxb Bajibc. To dance a waltz. 
TanneBaxb c flesymKOH. To dance 
with a girl. 

TAPEJIIKA /., gen. pi. -OK plate 

FjiyGiOKafl xapejma. A soup plate. 
MeJinan xapejraa. A flat plate. Ecxb 
H3 xapeJiKH. To eat from a plate. 

TAHJflTb, Tanjy, xanjHinb, xamax imp. 

1. KOTO? *ixo? to carry. TanjHXb 
MemoK. To carry a sack. 

2. H x o? p. BBixamjHXb, -y, -nnib, 
-ax to pull out. BMxamHXb rsoaflb 
H3 CXCHH. To pull a nail out of 
the wall. 

TA|HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd 
pers. -ex, -rox imp. /p. pacxa|nxb, 
1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. 
-ex, -rox 

1. to thaw. Gner xaex. The snow is 
thawing. 

2. only imp., fig. to dwindle, to 
waste away. Sanacbi xarox. The 
supplies are dwindling. EojibHoii 
xaex na rjiaaax. You can see the 
sick man waste away. 

, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 
, xBepua, xsepalo, -H; adv. 
XBepjjo 

1. solid. Tfiepjioe xejio. A solid 
substance. 

2. hard. TsepsaH SCMJIH. Hard 
ground. 

3. fig. firm, sound. TBep^bie 3Ha- 
HHH. Sound knowledge. HpHHaxb 
xBe'pfloe peiaeHHe. To take a 
firm decision. 

104002 



TBOfl, XBOH, xBoe, XBOH pron. your(s) 

TBOPHECTBO neut., no pi. creative 
work 

TsopqecxBO fflojioxoBa. Sholokhov's 
works. Pacn;Bex xBopqecxsa. The 
height of one's creative activity. Ha- 
pOAHoe XBOpqecxBO. The creative 
work of the people. 

TEATP m. theatre 

Teaxp onepu H 6ajiexa. A theatre 
of opera and ballet. ^paMaxHHecKHH 
xeaxp. A play-house. GMOxpexb B 
xeaxpe noByio nbecy. To see a new 
play at a theatre. Xo^nxb B xeaxp. 
To go to the theatre. 

TEJIEBfiSOP m. television set 

CMOxpexb nepeftany no xejieBHsopy. 
To watch a television programme. 

BKJIIOHHXb (BblKJIIOHHXb) XeJI6BH30p. 

To turn on (off) television. 

TEJIEFPAMMA /. telegram 

CpOHHaa xejierpaMMa. An urgent 
telegram. Ilocjiaxb (flaxb) xejierpaM- 
My. To send a telegram. 

TEJIErPAO m., no pi. telegraph- 
office 

LJenxpaJibHUH xejierpa^- The central 
telegraph-office. H#TH na xejierpa(|). 
To go to the telegraph-office. Pa66- 
xaxb na xejierpa<f)e. To work at a 
telegraph-office. 

TEJIEOOH m. telephone 

HoMep xejie^ona. A telephone num- 
ber. MejKflyropoflHHH xejie^OH. A 
trunk line. FoBOpnxb no xejie^ony. 
To speak over the telephone. 
<> TeJie^OH-aBTOMax. A public te- 
lephone. 

TJJ|0 neut., pi. -a 

1. substance. Tsep^oe xejio. A so- 
lid substance. JKifflKoe xejio. A 
liquid substance. 

2. body. HacxH xejia. Parts of the 
body. 

TEMA /. subject, theme 

TeMa ypOKa. The subject (theme) of 
a lesson. TeMa flOKJiaAa. The sub- 
ject of a report. 

TEMH|blH, -aa, -oe, -tie, adv. XCMHO 

1. dark. Te'MHaa KOMHaxa. A dark 
room. | predic. impers. Ha yjinne 
XCMHO. It is dark outside. 

2. dark. TCMBLIH KOCXIOM. A dark 
suit. Te'MHbie BOJIOCBI. Dark hair. 
TeMHtie rjiaaa. Dark eyes. 



TEM 



146 



TEH 



3. fig. dark. Te'MHbie CHJIH. Dark 
forces. 

TEMI1 ra. tempo, speed, rate 

EucxpbiH TCMD. A quick tempo. 
TCMD pe^H. The tempo (speed) of 
speech. TeMnu paaBHXHfl SKOHOMH- 
KH. The rate of economic development. 

TEMIIEPAT^PA /. 

1. temperature. TeMnepaxypa BO^H. 
The temperature of water. H3M6- 
pnib xe\tnepaxypy. To take a 
temperature. 

2. temperature. V Hero BticoKan 
xeMnepaxypa. He has a high 
temperature. || colloq. high tem- 
perature, fever. Y pe6e'HKa xeM- 
nepaxypa. The child has a fever. 

TEHb /., prepos. B xemi shade; shad- 
ow. 

Tenb OT jjepefia. The shade of a 
tree. CHACTL B xemi. To sit in the 
shade. OH 6o>ijiCH c66cxBCHHOH xe- 
HH. He was afraid of his own shadow. 

TEOPHfl /. theory 

HaynnaH xeopiin. A scientific theory. 
Maynaxb xeopnio. To study a 
theory. CoeAHHHXb xeopnio c npan- 
THKOH. To combine theory with prac- 
tice. 

TEIIEPb adv. now 

Tenepb OH JKHBCT B Cn6HpH, a 
paHbuie pa66xaji B MOCKBC. Now he 
lives in Siberia, but before he worked 
in Moscow. 

TElIJ]|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
xeneji, xenJi|a, -6, -H; adv. xenuo 

1. warm. TenjiaH KOMnaxa. A warm 
room. TenjiHH Boaayx. Warm 
air. Passe 3x0 ropHHiiH cyn? OH 
qyib Tenjibiii. Do you call this 
hot soup? It is hardly warm. 
Tenjioe naJibio. A warm coat. \ 
predic. impers. (is) warm. MHC 
Teruio. / feel warm. Sflecb xenjio. 
It is warm here. 

2. fig. warm, cordial. Tenjiue qyB- 
CTBa. Warm feelings. OHH Teiuio 
npociHJiMCb c rociHMH. They 
said good-bye to their guests cor- 
dially. 

TEPIIEJlflB|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short 
form TepnejiHB, -a, -o, -H; adv. xep- 
nejiHBo patient 

TepnejiMBtiH y^Hiejib. A patient 
teacher. TepneJiHBO o6'LHCHHTb. To 
explain patiently. 



TEPH|Tb, -jo, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? 
^ T o?//?. noTepH|ib, -K), -euib, -IOT 

1. to lose. noxepHTb cyMKy. To lose 
one's bag. 

2. fig. to lose. Tepriib flpyra. To 
lose a friend. TepaTb nafle^Ay. 
To lose hope. Tepaib cjiyx. To 
lose one's hearing. TepHTb speMH. 
To waste time. 

<> Tepnxb rojioey. To lose one's 
head. Bw ne BHAeJiii axy KaprH- 
ny? Hex? BM nnqero ne HOTC- 
pfljin. "Have you seen this pic- 
ture? No? You have missed 
nothing." 

TECHjblfl, -a, -oe, -He, snort form 
TCCCH, xecna, TCCH|O, -LI; adv. TCCHO 

1. cramped. T3CHan KBapxiipa. A 
cramped flat. \ predic. impers. 
3lJecb xecHO. There is no room here. 

2. tight. Tecnee GOXHHKH. Tight 
shoes. PyBamna MHe xecna. The 
shirt is too tight for me. 

3. Close. BblXb XeCHO CBHSaHHblM 

c Ke~M-JiH6o. To be closely con- 
nected with somebody. 

TETPAJJb /. copy-book 

Tojicxafl xexpa^b. A thick copy-book. 
ToHKan xexpazi,b. A thin copy-book. 
06m,aH xexpaAt- A thick, general- 
purpose copy-book. Tex pa flb B JIH- 
neHKy. A lined copy-book. Ilncaxb 
B xexpa^H. To write in a copy-book. 

TETH /. aunt 

TEXHHKA /., no pi. 

1. technique, technology. IlepeAO- 
BaH xexHHKa. Advanced technol- 
ogy. OflJia^exb xexHHKoii. To 
master technique. 

2. technique. TexuHKa nrpw na 
CKpHime. The technique of play- 
ing the violin. 

TEXHfiHECKIHft, -an, -oe, -ne 

1. technical. TexHHiecKHH nporpecc. 
Technical progress. 

2. technical. TexHHiecKHH HHCTH- 
xyx. A technical institute. 

3. technical. TexHHHecKan pa66xa. 
Technical work. 

TEHEHHE neut. current, stream 

HibKHee xeneHHe peKH. The lower- 
reaches of the river. 

<$> JI.II.1TI, HO TCHeHHIO (npOTHB 

TeHGHHfl). To go with (against) the 
stream. 



TEH 



147 



TOH 



TEJHB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd 
pers. -Hex, -Kyx, past TGK, xeK|Jia, 
-Jio, -JIH imp. 

1. to flow, to stream. Pena xenex. 
The river flows. Ho JiHijy ee 
TGKJIH CJieati. Tears were streaming 
down her cheeks. 

2. fig. to fly by. BpeMH xeiex ne- 
saMexHO. Time goes by imper- 
ceptibly. 

TflXjHfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
XHX, THxa, XHX|O, -H; adv. XHXO; 
comp. XHiue 

1. soft. THXHH TOJIOC. A soft voice. 
THXO next. To sing softly. FOBO- 
pn XHine! Don't speak so loudl 

2. quiet. Taxoe yxpo. A quiet morn- 
ing. 

3. quiet. THXHH pe6enoK. A quiet 
child. 

THIDHHA /., no pi. silence 

IIoJJHaH XHiHHHa. Complete silence. 
Hapymaxb xinnHHy. To break the 
silence. CxoflJia MepxBan xHrnnna. 
It was dead silent. 

TKAHb /. fabric 

UlepcxHHaa xnanb. A woollen fabric. 

TO particle then 

ECJIH 6y#ex BpeMH, xo a npimy. 
// / have time I'll come. 

TO... TO conj. now... now 

To XLJ roBopnmb OAHO, xo flpyroe, 
KaK we MHe xe6e Bepnxb? Now 
you say one thing, now another, 
how am I to believe you? 

TOBAP m. 

1. ware. npOMtinuieHHiie xoBapu. 
Industrial wares. 

2. usu. pi. goods. ToBapH unipoKO- 
ro noxpe6JienHH. Consumer goods. 

TOBAPHm m. 

1. friend. BepHHH xoBapnm,. A true 
friend. 

2. used in addressing people: Tosa- 

IlexpOBa! Comrade Petrova! 
BOJIKOB! Comrade Vol- 
kov! 
TOFflA adv. 

1. then. r#e XH 6mi B HIOJIC? fl 
6uJi xor^a B flpyroM ropo^e. 
"Where were you in July?" "/ 
was then in another town." 

2. then. TH He anaemb axoro? 
Tor^a BoabMH KHnry H npo^H- 
xaHl "You don't know that? Then 
take the book and read it!" 

10* 



3. then. Korfla nponnxaio KHriry, 
xor^a ox^aM ee xe6e. When I 
have read the book I'll give it 
back to you. 

T<5 ECTb conj. that is (to say) 

Cen^ac Mapx. H sepnycb B Hione, 
xo ecxb qepea ABa MecHn;a. Now it 
is March. I'll come back in June, 
that is in two months. 

TC5KE adv. also 

H xojKe npn,ny na Be^iep. I'll also 
come to the evening-party. H XOJKG 
ycxaJi. / am also tired. TH He xo- 
^enib axoro? H xowe. "You don't 
want that? Neither do I." 

TOJIHA /., pi. xojinu crowd 

Tojina JirofleH. A crowd of people. 

TOJICT|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
xojicx, xojicxa, xojicxjo, -H; comp. 



1. thick. Tojicxan mixKa. A thick 
thread. ToJicxaa KHitra. A thick 
book. 

2. fat. TOJICXHH nejiOBeK. A fat man. 
TOJlbKO 

1. adv. only. B KOMnaxe xojibKO 
OJI;HH cxyji. There is only one 
chair in the room. OH npnexaJi 
xojibKO B^epa. He came only 
yesterday. 

2. conj. only, fl cornacen, xoJibKO 
He cefiqac. 7 agree, only not now. 

3. particle only. TojibKO 6u yexaxbl 
/ wish only to go away! H 3a- 
HCM xojibKO OH caejian axo? Why 
on earth did he do that? 

4. as part of compound conj . a) TOJIB- 
KO ITO just. OH xojibKO HXO npn- 
me'ji. He has just come, b) KaK 
TOJibKo the moment. KaK XOJIKKO 
MW BonuiH B saji,... The moment 
we entered the hall... 

TOH m. tone 

BpajKAe6HBiH XOH. A hostile tone. 

FOBOpHXb flpyjKe^KHM XOHOM. To 

speak in a friendly tone. 
TOHK|Hfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form 

XOHOK, XOHK3, XOHK|0, -HJ ttdv , 

XOHKO; comp. xonbine 

1. thin. ToHKaa xexpaAb- A thin 
copy-book. ToHKoe fl;epeBO. A thin 
tree. ToHKHe 6pOBH. Fine eye- 
brows. TOHKO napeaaxb cup. To 
cut the cheese thin. 

2. thin. TOHKHH TOJIOC. A thin 
voice. 



TOH 



148 



TPA 



3. delicate, keen. TOHKHH BKyc. A 
delicate taste. TOHKHH cjiyx. A 
keen ear. 

4. fine. Kojibno TOHKOH paSoxbi. A 
ring of fine workmanship. 

FAC TOHKO, T3M H pBCTCfl (pFOV- 

erb). Gf. The strength of a chain 

is determined by, its weakest link. 
TOHHA / ton 

BecoM B 500 TOHH. 500 tons in 

weight. 
TOHSTb, Tony, xonenib, xonyx imp. 

1. p. noxonyxb, noTOHy, noxonemb, 
noxoHyx to sink. KopaSnb no- 
TOHyji. The ship has sunk. 

2. p. yxoHyxb, yxony, yxonemb, 
yxonyx to get drowned. MaJib- 
HHK yxoHyn B pene. The boy got 
drowned in the river. 

3. no p. to sink. MexaJiJi xonex B 
BOAC. Metal sink? in water. 

TOPFOBJIfl /. trade 

BHeniHHH TOproBJifl. Foreign trade. 
BHyxpeHHHH ToproBJiH Home trade. 
ToproBJiH OBOiuaMH. The vegetable 
trade. PaasHBaTb roproBJiio. To de- 
velop trade. 

TOP3KECTBEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -we; 

adv. TOp>KeCTBOHHO 

1. festive. TopJKecxeeHHbJH ^enb. 
A festive day. 

2. solemn. Top>KecxBeHHbiii TOH. 
A solemn tone. 

TOPOnflThCH, xoponjiiocb, Topoirainb- 
CH, TOponnxcH imp. to hurry 
ToponrixbCH B xeaxp. To hurry to 
the theatre. 

TOT pron. 

1. that. Tox AOM. That house. B XOT 
fleHb. (On) that day. 

2. other. Ha XOH cxopone. On the 
other side. Ha XOM 6epery. On 
the other bank. 

3.: MM yBepeHM B XOM, HXO... 
We are sure that... H cnpouiy 
y xoro, KXO anaex. I'll ask some- 
body who knows. 

4. that. 9xo xox flOM? Is that the 
house? 3xo xa semb? Is that the 
thing? 9xo ne xa Bem.b! This is 
not the thing! 9xo COBCCM ne xo! 
// is not that at all! 

< H T6T H Apyrofi. Both (one and 
the other). HH TOT HH Apyrofi. 
Neither (one nor the other). TOT 
we, TOT we caMbifi. The same 



one, the very same one. B Ty 
we MHHyTy. That very moment. 
OAHO H TO we. The (very) same 
thing. JJejio B TOM, qTO... The 
thing is that... Mne ee AO TOFO. 
I've other things to attend to. 
13. TOMy IIUAUOIIOO (H T. n.). And 
so on (etc.). 

5. as part of compound conj.: BMCCXO 

xoro, qx66bi instead of; XCM HO 

Menee nevertheless; nocjie xoro 

KaK after, following; AO xoro 

Kan, nepeA XCM KaK before; ne- 

CMOxpri Ha xo, HXO in spite of the 

fact that; B xo BpeMH KaK while 

TOH|KA /., gen. pi. -en point, full stop 

HocxaBHXb xoHKy. To put a full 

stop. 

<> ToqKa c 3an>ix6ii. A semi- 
colon* T6*ma apuiuiH. One's point of 
view. C Moeii TOHKH speiniH. From 
my standpoint. 

lfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
XOHCH, Tonna, XOHH|O, -H; adv. 

XO4HO 

1. exact. TOHHLIH nepeBOA. An 
exact translation. TOHHO anaxb. 
To know for certain. ToiHtie na- 
cw. A good time-keeping watch. 
ToMHoe BpeMH. The exact time. 

2. punctual. TOHKHH HejioseK. A 
punctual man. 

<> ToMHMe nayKii. The exact sciences. 
TPABA /., pi. xpaBbi 

1. grass. Sejie'HaH xpasa. Green 
grass. BucoKaH xpasa. Tall 
grass. 

2. only pi. herbs. JleKapcxseHHbie 
xpaBbi. Medicinal herbs. 

TPAKTOP m. t pi. xpaKxopa, xpaKxo- 
POB & xpaKxopu, xpaKxopoB tractor 

TPAMBAfl m. tram 

flsaAHaxb fuecxoH xpaMBan. A num- 
ber 26 tram. Kxaxb Ha xpaMBae. To 
go by tram. Gecxb Ha xpaMBau. To 
take a tram. COHXH c xpaMBan. To 
get off the tram. 

TPAHCIIOPT m., no pi. transport 
FopOACKOH Tpancnopx. City trans- 
port. BHAW xpaHcnopxa. Kinds 
of transport. 

TPA|THTb, -qy, -xHinb, -XHX imp. 
HXO? Ha HXO?/P. HCxpajxHXb, 
-qy, -xniiib, -XHX to spend 
Tpaxnxb AGHbrn na nnxanHe. To 
spend money on food. Hcxpaxnxb 



TPE 



149 



Tpy 



MHoro Aener. To spend much money. 
OH xpaxnx MHoro BpeMeHH Ha po- 
pery. He spends a lot of time trav- 
elling. 

TPEE|OBATb, -yro, -yeinb, -yrox 
imp. q x o? or Hero? y K o r 6? 
ox Kor6?-J-ix66bi or 
p. noxpe6|oBaxb, -yro, -yemb, - 

1. to demand. H xpeSyro cjiosa. / 
demand the right to be heard. 

y^HXeJIb XpeSOBajI, HXOSbl MBI 

Aejiajra AOMamHHe aaAamiH. The 
teacher demanded that we should 
do our home-task. 

2. to take. 9xa pa66xa xpe6yex MHO- 
ro BpeMeHH. This work takes a 
lot of time. 

TPEBG>KH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short 
form xpesojKeH, xpeBOHmja, -o, -H; 
adv. xpeBOJKHO 

1. anxious. TpesojKHbiH 
An anxious look. 

2. alarming. TpeBOJKHoe 

HHC. An alarming situation. Tpe- 
BOHmoe BpeMH. An uneasy time. 
TpeBOJKHbie HOBOCTH. Alarming 
news. 

TP(5rA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. KO- 
TO? HXO? HOM?//). xpOHJyxb, -y, 
-enib, -yx (momentaneous action) & 
noxporajxb, -10, -einb, -rox 

1. to touch. SKcnoHaxbi B Myaee 
nejibSH xporaxb pynaMH. The 
exhibits in the museum should 
not be touched. EMy xoxejiocb 
noxporaxb Kam^yro Bemb. He 
wanted to touch every thing. 

2. p. only xpOHyxb fig. to move. 
3xo ero ne xpdraex. It doesn't 
move him. MCHH axo oqenb xpo- 
Hyjio. It moved me deeply. 

3. p. only xpOHyxb to touch. He 
xporafixe ero! Leave him alone! 

TPOE num. three 

Tpoe cxyflenxoB. Three students. 
V Hero xpoe flexen. He has three 
children. Hac SMJIO xpoe. There 
were three of us. IlpoinJio xpoe 
cyxoK. Three days had passed. 

TPOJIJlEfifiyC m. trolleybus 

IlflXbiH xpoJiJieH6yc. A number 5 
trolleybus. OcxanoBKa xpojuienCyca. 
A trolleybus stop. Exaxb na xpoji- 
Jien6yce. To go by trolleybus. Cecxb 
Ha xpoJiJienSyc. To take a trolley- 



bus. GOHXH c xpojiJieaCyca. To get 

off the trolleybus. 
TPOHyTb see TPOFATb 
TpyBA /., pi. xpySbi 

1. tube. HpOHBBOACXBO xpy6. Pro- 
duction of tubes. 

2. chimney. SaBOffCKan xpy6a. A 
factory chimney. Tpy6a AOMa. 
The chimney of a house. 

3. trumpet. Hrpaxb Ha xpyGe. To 
play (to blow) the trumpet. 

TPy'BjKA /., gen. pi. -OK pipe 

Kypiixb xpy6KV. To smoke a pipe. 

m., gen. -a 
l.nopl. work; labour. 
xpyA- Brain work. 
xpyA- Manual work. 

2. difficulty. OH c xpyAOM scxaji. 
He stood up with difficulty. OH 
BbiyHHJi axo 6ea xpvAa. He 
learned it without any difficulty. 

3. work. HayHHHH xpyA- A scien- 
tific work. TpyAH Terejin. The 
works by Hegel. 

xpy>Kycb, xpyAHmbcn, 
imp. to work 

JIaSopaxopHH xpyA^xcn naA peme- 
HHCM 3XOH sa^aHH. The laboratory 
works at solving this problem. 

, -an, -oe, -we, short form 
, xpyAHa, xpyAH|o, -H; adv. 



1. difficult. TpyAHbiH 9K3a\ieH. A 
difficult examination. TpyAHoe 
aaAaHHe. A difficult task. HaM 
xpyAHO noHaxb Bac. It is diffi- 
cult for us to understand you. 
9xa KHifra xpy^na A JIH Ba c- This 
book is too difficult for you. 

2. difficult, hard. TpyAHan oScxa- 
HOBKa. A difficult situation. 
TpyAHoe BpeMH. A hard time. 

-an, -oe, -we 



1. working, labour. TpyAOBoe BOC- 
HHxaHHe. Labour education. 

2. working. TpyAOBan 
Working youth. 

3. hard-earned. TpyAOBbie 
Hard-earned money. 

4. working. TpyAQBOH A^Hb. The 
working day. 

<> TpyAOBbie peaepebi. Labour-re- 
serves. 

m., gen. -erocn 



BCCX cxpan. The workers 



worker 



ipy 



150 



TflH 



of the world. CoBexbi aenyxaxofi 
xpyAflnijHXCfl. Soviets of workers' 
deputies. 

TPYC m. coward 

OH OKaaaJiCH xpycoM. He turned 
out to be a coward. 

TPyCb'I no sing, shorts 

CnopxcMenbi CHJIH B Kpacntix Man- 
Kax H qepHbix xpycax. The sports- 
men wore red jerseys and black 
shorts. 

TPHn|KA /., gen. pi. -OK rag, duster 
Cxnpaxb ntiJib TpanKOH. To remove 
dust with a rag. Mbixb EOJI xpfln- 
KOH. To wash the floor with a rag. 

TY.IJA adv. Kyfla? there 

Box MarasHH, HO Mti xy/ja ne non- 
fle'M. Here is the shop, but we shall 
not go there. KaK jjoexaxb 30 neH- 
xpa? Tyjja MOJKHO exaxb Ha Mex- 
po. "How can I get to the centre?" 
"You can get there by the under- 
ground." BH HTjexe He xy/ja. You are 
not going the right way. 

TYMAH m. mist, fog 

YxpeHHHH XyMan. A morning mist. 
FycxoH xyMaH. A dense fog. Ha 
yjiime ceroflHfl xyMan. It is foggy 
outside today. 

TYII|On, -an, -6e, -Lie 

1. blunt. TynoH HO>K. A blunt 
knife. 

2. not pointed. TynoH HOCOK 60- 
xiiHKa. A rounded toe-cap. 

3. fig. meaningless. Tynon BSFJIH^. 
A meaningless look. 

4. fig. dull. Tynon yqeHHK. A dull 
pupil, a dunce. 

5. fig. dull. Tynan 6ojib. A dull 
pain. 

TyPflCT m. tourist, hiker 

Typncxbi XOAHJIH B JICXKHH noxoa. 
The hikers went on a summer walk- 
ing tour. HHOCxpaHHbie xypncxbi. 
Foreign tourists. 

TyT adv. r^e? (colloq.) here 

Tyx CXOHX CXQJI, a xaM AHBan. 
There is a table here, and a divan 
over there. 

T^OJIH pi., gen. pi. xy$e;ib; sing. 
xy<|)JiH /. shoes 

KoraaHHe xy^Jin. Leather shoes. 
Ty<|wni na BMCOKOM (HHSKOM) Ka6- 
jiyne. High- (low '-)heeled shoes. Ro- 
MauiHHe xy^JiH. Slippers. 



1. cloud. HepHbie xyqn. Black 
clouds. HH3KH6 xyqu. Low clouds. 

2. fig. cloud. Tynn HUJIH. Clouds 
of dust. 

TbI pron., gen., ace. Te6n, dat. xe6e, 
instr. xo6oH, prepos. o xe6e you 
Tbi MOH apyr. You are my friend. 
Hxo xti AeJiaemb ceHnac? What are 
you doing now? 

<> EblTb Ha TW C K6M-JIH6O. To 

thee-and-thou somebody. 

TbIJI m., prepos. B xtiJiy; pi. xbiJibi 
rear 

THJI H (|>POHX. The rear and the 
front. Pa66xaxb B xtuiy. To work 
on the home front. 

TIOPbMA /., pi. xropbMH, xropeM, 
xropbMaM, etc. prison 
HocapiHXb B xiopbMy. To put into 
prison. Bpocnxb B xiopbMy. To fling 
into prison. Gn^exb B xropbMe. To 
be in prison. 

THJKEJJlblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short form 
XH>Ke'ji, xH>KOJi|a, -6, -BI; adv. XH- 

JK6JIO 

1. heavy. TflJKe'jiMH mHK. A heavy 
box. | predic. impers. Te6e XH/KC- 

JIO H6CXII 3XOX H6MOfl;aH. It is 

difficult for you to carry that 
suit-case. 

2. fig. hard, difficult. TmKe'jian 
pa66xa. Hard work. Tn>Ke'jiaH 
?KH3Hb. A hard life. TflJKe'jioe 
aa^anHe. A difficult task. Y He- 
ro 6tiJia XH?Ke'jiaH MOJiOAOCXb. He 
had a hard youth. Y Hero XHJKG- 
JIHH xapaKxep. He is a difficult 
person. GoBepuiHXb xamejioe npe- 
cxynjieHHe. To commit a heinous 
crime. TflJKe'jian 6ojie3Hb. A grave 
illness. TmKe'jiaH onepaunn. A se- 
rious operation. Tn>Kejioe qyBCXBO. 
A hard feeling. TflJKe'jibiH fl;eHb. A 
hard day. \ predic. impers. MHO 

XHJK6JIO BCnOMHHaXb 06 3XOM. It 

is painful for me to recollect that. 
<> Y eee THweJio na pyrae. She 
has misgivings. TnweJiafl npo- 
MbimJieHHOCTb. The heavy in- 
dustry. 

THH$Tb, XHHy, xnHenib, xnnyx imp. 
KOTO? HXO? /p. noxHHyxb, no- 
xHHy, noxHHenib, noxflHyx 
1. to pull. OH noxHHyji oxi;a sa 



151 



VBE 



pynaB. He pulled his father's 

sleeve. 
2. colloq., fig. to draw out. He THHI'I, 

paccKasBiBan Smcxpee. Don't 

draw it out, say it quickly. 
<> THH.VTB c OTB6TOM. To delay 
one's answer. 



y prep, -f- gen. 

1. by. CTOJI CTOHT y OKHa. The 
table is by the window. 

2. at. H ?KHsy y 6paxa. / live at 
my brother's. 

3. from. H ysnaji y Moero yqiixejm 
MHoro HHxepecnoro. I learned a 
lot of interesting things from my 
teacher. MOH xoBapmu; BSHJI y 
MGHJI MOIO KHHry. My friend has 
borrowed a book from me. 

4.: y nee 6ojinx rojiOBa. She has a 

headache. 

5.: V MGHH ecxB 3TOT jKypnaJi. / 
have got that magazine, y xoBa- 
pHin;a 6ojibinaa CGMBH. My friend 
has a large family. 
YBE^flTb see yEEiKAATb 
yEEftflTBCH see yBE^K^ATBCH 
yBE3K^A|Tb, -ro, -eniB, -IOT imp. 
KOTO? B HGM? & -f- inf. /p. y6e- 
flliixB, 1st pers. sing, not used, -innB, 
-HT to convince, to persuade 
Hani HHJKenep y6ejjHJi nac B 
npaBHJibHOCTH cBoero npoeKxa. 
Our engineer has convinced us 
of the correctness of his project. 
MBI y6e;jHJiH TOBapuma nocxy- 
DHXB B HHCXHxyx. We persuaded 
our friend to enter an institute. 
yEE3K,0;A|TbCH, -K>CB, -eiiiBca, -rox- 
CH imp. B HGM?/ p. y6eA|HXBca, 
1st pers. sing, not used, -HUIBCH, 
-HXCH to get convinced 
y6eja;HXBCH B BepnocxH j\pyra. To 
get convinced of one's friend's loyal- 
ty. MBI y6e,n;HJiHCB. B XOM, ^xo axo 
npas^a. We got convinced that it 
was true. 

yBHBA|Tb, -K>, -emB, -rox imp. K o r 6? 

Hxo?/p. y6nxB, y6B|ro, -eniB, -rox 

1. to kill. y6nxB BOJiKa H3 pywBH. 

To kill a wolf with a gun. 

y6nxB HOHWM. To kill with a 

knife. 



2. fig. to kill. HasecxHe o CMepxii 
ctina y6Bex ee. The news of her 
son's death will kill her. 

<0> XoTb y6efi, ne .nuiio. / couldn't 

tell you to save my life. 
yfiHPA|Tb, -ro, -emB, -rox imp.^ v x o?/ 

p. y6paxB, y6ep|y, -emB, -yx, past 
y6paJi, -a, y6paJi|o, -H 

1. to remove. y6paxB xexpa/jn 
. co cxoJia. To take the copy-books 

from the desk. 

2. to put away. y6paxB KHHTH B 
niKa<|). To put away books in 
a bookcase. 

3. to gather (in). y6paxB ypoHWH. 
To gather (in) the crops. 

4. to tidy up. y6paxB KOMHaxy. 
To tidy up the room. y6paxB 
nocxejiB. To make the bed. 

yfiflTb see yBHBATb 

yBPATb see yBHPATb 

yBA5KA|Tb, -K), -eniB, -rox imp. K o- 
r 6? *i x o? 3 a H x 6? to respect 
ycaJKaxB pOAHxejien. To respect 
one's parents. ysa^KaxB xoBapnma 
sa CMejiocxB. To respect one's friend 
for his bravery. MBI HOJDKHKE yfla- 
jKaxB Jjpyr apyra. We must respect 
one another. 

yBA5KEHHE neut., no pi. respect^ 
II6jiB3OBaxBCH yBa>KeHiieM xoBapn- 
men. To be held in respect by one's 
friends. H c^ejiaJi axo 113 ysaJKenHH 
K Apyry- I did that out of respect 
for my friend. 

yBEJlfl^HBAITb, -ro, -eiiiB, -rox imp. 
qxo?/p. yBejiHH|nxB, -y, -HUIB, -ax 

1. to increase. ysejinHEXB BtinycK 
XKanen. To increase the output 
of fabrics. 

2. to raise. yBejiHHHXB 3apa6oxnyro 
njiaxy. To raise one's salary 
(wages). 

yBEJIflHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -roxcfl 
imp. I p. yBeJiHH|HXBCH, 1st & 2nd 
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -ax- 
ca to increase, to grow 



Baexca. The number of students is 
growing. 

see yBEJIflHHBATb 
see yBEJlflHH- 
BATbCa 



YBE 



152 



yB6PEHH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 
ysepeHHO 

1. part., short form ysepeH, yse- 
peH|a, -o, -w sure, certain. 
yBepeHHbie B no6e^e, Mbi npo- 
flOJDKajiH 6opb6y. Certain of 
victory, we continued the fight. 
Mu ysepeHbi B Hamen no6e^e. 
We are sure of our victory. H 
ysepen B XOM, HXO OH upas. 7 am 
sure he is right. 

2. used as adj., short form yfie- 
pen, yBepeH|na, -HO, -HH confi- 
dent, sure. yBepeHHbie 
Confident actions. Er6 

HHH 6MJIH 6HCXpbI H 

Hbi. His actions were quick and 
sure. OH roBopHJi ysepeHHO 
(adv.). He spoke confidently. 
yBflflETb see BflflETb 
yBJIEKA|TbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -IOXCH 
imp. KCM? qeM?/ p. ysjiel^bCH, 
-Kycb, -qeiDbCfl, -Kyxcn, past ys- 

JICKCH, yBJI6K|jiaCb, -JlOCb, -JTHCb tO 

be carried away, to be keen (on 

doing something) 

yBJieKaxbcfl cnopxoM, pa66xon. To 

go in for sports, to be carried away 

with one's work. 

m., gen. yrJia, prepos. B yrjiy 
corner, yron OMa. The corner 
of a house. CxoHXb Ha yrjiy yjin- 
HU. To stand at the corner of the 
street. Cnflexb B yrjiy KOMHaxu. 
To sit in the corner of the room. 

2. angle. IIoflyrjioM 45 (copoKnnxb 
rpajjycoB). At an angle of 45. 

<> XojjHTb H3 yrjia B yroji. To 

walk up and down the room. YroJi 

apeiiiui. A point of view. Hs-aa 

yrjia. From round the corner, 
m., gen. yrjin coal 
yroJib. Coal. 

yrojib. To mine coal. 

flo6biHy yrjifl. To increase the coal 

output. 

yrocmTb see yromAxb 

yromA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KO- 
TO? qeM? / p. yrolcxnxb, -m;y, 
-cxax to treat 

xoBapnm;a iaeM. To treat 
one's friend to tea. 

y#A|BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp./ 
p. yflaxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 



1. 



3rd pers. y^acTCH, yuajjyTCH, past 
yAa|JicH, -nacb, -jiocb, -jiacb 

1. to be a success. Gnux y^ajiCH. 
The experiment was a success. 

2. impers. K o M y? -f- inf. to man- 
age. Mne yuajiocb npnexaxb na 
BOKsaji BOBpeMH. / managed to 
come to the station in time. HaM 
He yflaiiocb nonacxb na BucxaB- 
Ky. We didn't manage to get to 
the exhibition. 



1. blow, clap. CHJibHbiH yaap. A 
strong blow. y#ap rpoMa. A clap 
of thunder. 

2. fig. blow. 9xo flJiH nero XHJKe'jibiH 
VAap. This is a hard blow to him. 

<C> Bwxb B yffape. To be at one's 
best. 



y,HAPHHK m. shock-worker 

y^apHHK KOMMyHHcxHHecKoro xpy- 
^a. A shock-worker of communist 
labour. 

yjJAPfl|Tb, -ro, -einb, -rox imp. K o- 
r 6? H e M? no H e M y? B o ^ x 6?/ 

p. yijap|HXb, -K), -HDIb, -HX tO 

strike, to hit, to kick 
y^apnxb Horoft B ^sepb. To kick 
at the door, y^apnxb Koro-JiH6o 
pynoH no njie^y. To strike somebody 
on the shoulder. 



-K)Cb, -embCH, -IOXCH 
imp. 060 HXO? ^eM?/p. y^a- 

PJHXbCH, -K)Cb, -HHIbCH, -HXCH 

to strike oneself, to hit oneself 
H yzjapHJicH pyKoii o Kpaii cxojia. 
/ knocked my hand against the edge 
of the table. 
see 



see 



-IOXCH 

imp. KOMy? HeMy?//?. y^HlBHXb- 
CH, -BJirocb, -BHmbCH, -BHXCH to be 
surprised 

H yflHBHJiCH ero cjiOBaM. 7 was 
surprised at his words. 
y^OBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 
yA66eH, yfl66H|a, -o, -H; adv. yfl66no 
1. comfortable. yfl66Hoe Kpecjio. 
A comfortable chair. OH y#66HO 
CHflen B Kpecjie. He sat comfort- 
ably in an armchair. \ predic. 
impers. (it is) comfortable. Sflecb 
y66HO pa66xaxb. It is very 



153 



comfortable to work here. BaM 
VAOO'HO CHflexb? Are you sitting 
comfortably? 

2. predic. impers. (it is) con- 
venient. VA66HO JIH rOBOpHTL 
06 3XOM? Isn't it awkward to 
speak about that? 
y^OBOJIbCTBHE neut. pleasure 
Konnepx flocxaBHJi MHO 6ojibm6e 
yflOBOJibCXBHe. / enjoyed the concert 
very much. H cjiyman neBn,a c y#o- 
BOJibcxBHeM. I listened to the sing- 
er with pleasure. 

yE33KA|Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp./ 
p. yexaxb, ye^ly, -emb, -yx to go 
away 

Vexaxb oxflMxaxb. To go on one's 
holiday. "Vexaxb us ropo^a B flepes- 
HK). To go from town to the country. 
06MHHO OH yesjKaex na pa66xy 
pano yxpOM. He usually goes 
to work early in the morning. 
B nponuiOM ro^y H HHKy^a He 
yeaJKaJi H3 flOMa. Last year I didn't 
go away anywhere. 
YEXATb see yE33KATb 
y3K particle emphasising the meaning 
of the word to which it refers really 
OneHb yjK HJIOXO OH c,n;ejiaji 9x0. 
He really did that very badly. TH 
y?K ne roBopn eMy 06 EJXOM. Don't 
you tell him about that. 

adv. already 

fl ywe HHxaJi axy KHPiry. / have 
already read that book. YjKe no pa 
H^TH flOMOH. It's already time to go 
home. MOH CLIH y?Ke 
My son is already grown-up. 
HH m. supper 
XOJIOAHMH ywHH. A cold supper. 
Ctecxb y>KHH. To eat one's supper. 
IIpHroxoBHXb yjKHH. To cook one's 
supper. Eece^OBaxb aa yHtHHOM. 
To talk at supper. CeroflHH na yHH 
pm6a. There is fish for supper to- 
day, rtocjie ywHHa. After supper. 
^3KHHA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp./ 
p. noy>KHHa|xb, -ro, -einb, -rox to 
have supper 

BnycHO noyjKHHaxb. To have a tasty 
supper. 

m., gen. yajia 

1. knot. KpenKHH yaeji. A tight knot. 
3aBH3axb yaeji. To tie a knot. 

2. fig. knot. Vaeji 

A knot of contradictions. 



-an, -oe, -ne, short form 
ysoK, yana, y3K|o, -H; comp. y>Ke 

1. narrow. VaKan yjinna. A nar- 
row street. VsKHe 6pK)KH. Nar- 
row trousers. BproKH Hyacno c^e- 
Jiaxb yHe. The trousers must be 
made narrower. 

2. jig. narrow, particular. VsKan 
cnennaJibHOCXb. A narrow speci- 
ality. YsKHe HHxepecu. Narrow 
interests. 

3. only short form ysoK, yana, 
-6, -H too tight. 9xo njiaxbe ys- 
KO MHe. This dress is too tight 
for me. 

y3HA|BATb, -K>, -erab, -rox imp./ 
p. yanalxb, -ro, -emb, -rox 

1. KOTO? HXO? to recognise. H 
cpasy ysnaJi CBoro yjinn,y. / rec- 
ognised my street at once. 

2. H X 0? O KOM? O H&M? tO 

learn. V3Haxb HHxepecnyro HO- 
Bocxb. To learn interesting news. 
Ox nero MM y3HajiH o nocjie^- 
HHX coSLiXHHX. We learned the 
latest events from him. Vsnaxb 
MHoro HHxepecHoro. To learn a 
lot of interesting things. 

3. to know. Co BpeMeneM MM 
ysnaJiH ero Jiyqme. Later we got 
to know him better. 

y3HATb see y3HABATb 
yflTfl see yXOAflTb 
yKPACHTb see yKPAfflATb 
yKPACTb see KPACTb 
yKPADIA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 
^xo? HCM? / p. ynpalcnxb, -my, 

-CHUIb, -CHX 

1. to deck. VKpamaxb ropo^ $Jia- 
raMH. To deck a town with flags. 

2. to decorate. IjBexM yKpamarox 
KOMHaxy. Flowers decorate a room. 

yKPEHflTb see yKPEHJlHTb 
yKPEHJlHlTb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. 

H x o? ne M?//). yKpe|nnxb, -njiro, 

-nnmb, -nax 

1. to fortify. yKpennaxb ropo^. To 
fortify a town. 

2. fig. to strengthen. VKpemixb 
3AOpOBbe. To strengthen one's 
health. VKpenjinxb ^pyjKecxBeH- 
HMC CBH3H. To strengthen friend- 
ly ties. 

/. 

1. street. TjiaBHan yjinqa. The 
main street. H JKHBy na yjrane 



yjiy 



154 



VMbl 



FopbKoro. / live in Gorky Street. 

HATH no yjrane. To go along the 

street. 
2. outside. BWHTH Ha yjrany. To 

go out. Ha yjinne xojiOflHee, qeM 

flOMa. It's colder outside than in- 

side. 

-K>, -emb, -rox imp. 
p. yjiyqm|HTb, -y, -ninb, -ax 
to improve 

yjryqmaxb >KH3Hb nap6.ua. To im- 
prove the people's life. yjryqmaxb 
VCJIOBHH pa66xu. To improve working 
conditions. 

yjiyHinA|TbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. /p. 
yjiyqin|HXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -axcn to im- 
prove 

Moe s^opOBbe yjiynmnjiocb. My 
health has improved. OxHOineHHH 
MCJKAy axHMH cxpanaMH yjiyqiiiaiox- 
CH. The relations between these coun- 
tries are improving. 

see 



yjIbIBA|TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOXCH 
imp. K M y? H6My?/p. (momen- 
taneous action) yjiLi6H|yxbCH, -ycb, 
-embCH, -yxcH to smile 
yjibi6nyxbCH flpyry. To smile to a 
friend. 

yjIb'IE|KA /., gen. pi. -OK smile 
Pa/jocxnaH yjibi6Ka. A joyous smile. 
FoBOpHXb c yjitiSKOH. To say with 
a smile. CMOxpexb na pe6enKa c 
JiacKOBOH yjitiSKOH. To look at a 
child with a kind smile. 

yjIblBH^TbCH see yjIblBATbCH 

yM m. 

1. no pi. intellect, mind, intel- 
ligence. FJiySoKHH yM. A pro- 
found intellect. HejioseK 6o;ib- 
moro yMa. A man of great in- 
telligence. 

2. intellect. Jlyqnrae VMH HejioBe- 
Hecxsa. The greatest intellects of 
mankind. 

<> C^exaTb B yne. To count men- 
tally. MUG iipiiin:ro na VM. // 
occurred to me. JJejiaxb ITO-JIH- 
60 c yMOM. To do something clev- 
erly. BosbMHCb aa yM. Be reason- 
able. COHTU c yMa. To go mad. 
BbiTb 6ea yMa OT ior6-Jiii6o. 
To dote on somebody. BbiTb ce6e 



na yMe. To know which side one's 
bread is buttered on. yM xopomo, 
a flea jiyqnie (proverb). Gf. Two 
heads are better than one. 

yMEHbmA|Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. 
HXO?/ p. yMenbin|HXb, -y, -nmb, -ax 
to lessen, to reduce 
yMCHbuinxb ^aBjieHHe. To lessen 
the pressure. yMCHbinnxb CKOpocxb. 
To reduce the speed. yMenbiniixb 
KOJiHHecxBo pa6oMHX. To cut down 
the number of workers. 

yMEHbfflA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -CXCH, -IOXCH 
imp. /p. yMeHbm|HXbCH, 1st & 2nd 
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, 
-axcH to lessen, to decrease 
^asjieHHe vMenbniHJiocb. The pres- 
sure has decreased. Paccxofmne MCJK- 
jjy IJMH 6wcxpo yMeHbmaJiocb. The 
distance between us was fast growing 
shorter. 

yMEHbHIHTb see yMEHbinATb 
yMEHbHIHTbCH see yMEHbHIATb- 

CH 
yMEPETb see yMHPATb 

yME(Tb, -K>, -euib, -rox imp. usu. -\~ 
imp. inf. I p. cyMe|xb, -10, -emb, -rox 
-f- p. inf. to be able, can 
fl yMeio qnxaxb. / can read. OH 
yMeex nrpaxb B XCHBHC. He can 
play tennis. Ona cyMejia AoSnxbCH 
yBajKenHH. She succeeded in winning 
respect. 

yMHPA|Tb, -jo, -einb, -rox imp./ 
p. yMepexb, yMp|y, -euib, -yx, past 
yMep, yMepjia, yMepji|o, -H 

1. to die. yMepexb B 6016. To die 
in battle. yMepexb ox rojio^a. 
To die of hunger. 

2. fig. to die. 3xn H^en ne yMpyx. 
These ideas are immortal. 

O yMiipaxb co cMexy. To die of 

laughing. yMnpaxb c rojiofly (fig.). 

To be starving. 
#MH|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 

VMCH, yMHa, yMH|6, -H; adv. yMno 

clever 

yMHHH HCJiOBeK. A clever person. 

OH yMCH. He is clever. OH BCJI ce- 

6H yMHo. He behaved cleverly. 
yMbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. KO- 

ro? HXO? HCM?//?. yMuxb, yM6|K>, 

-emb, -rox to wash 

JIHn,6 XOJIOAHOH 



VMbl 



155 



ycji 



To wash one's face with cold water. 
yMBisaxb pe6eHKa. To wash a child. 

yMbIBA|TbCH, -iocb, -euibcn, -roxca 
imp. qeM?/p. yMbixbcn, yMo|rocb, 
-embCH, -IOTCH to wash 
VMbiBaTbCH xenjiOH BOflOH. To wash 
with warm water. yMbiBaxbcn c MH- 
JIOM. To wash with soap. 

YMKlTbCfl see YMblBATbCH 

YHHBEPMAr m. department store 
IJeHxpaJibHHH yHHBepMar. The cen- 
tral department store. Kynnxb najib- 
TO B yHHBepMare. To buy an over- 
coat at a department store. 

yHHBEPCHTET m. 

1. university. MOCKOBCKHH rocy- 

#apCXBeHHbIH VHHBepCHXeX. MOS- 
COW State University. yqnxbCH 
B yHHBepcHxexe. To study at a 
university. 

2. university. yHHBepciixex Kyjib- 
xypti. A university of culture. 

yHHHTO3KA|Tb, -jo, -euib, -rox imp. 

KOTO? HXO? HCM?//). yHHHXO- 

;K|HXb, -y, -nrab, -ax to destroy 

yHHHxo>KHXb BpajKecKyro apMHio. 

To wipe out the enemy army. 
yHHHTO5KHTb see yHHHT05KATb 
ynACTb see HA^ATb 
ynOTPEEftTb see yilOTPEEJlHTb 
yiIOTPEEJIfl|Tb, -ro, -euib, -rox imp. 

HXO?/P. ynoxpe|6nxb, -6jiio, -6Hnib, 

-Sax to use 

ynoxpeSjiHXb nocjioBHn;bi B penn. 

To use proverbs when speaking. 

ynoxpeSjiHXb HOBtie cjiosa. To use 

new words. 
ynPABJlH|Tb, -K), -enib, -rox imp. 

K e M? H e M? 

1. to drive. ynpaBjiHXb ManiHHOH. 
To drive a motor-car. 

2. to govern. ynpaBjiHXb cxpanoH. 
To govern a country. 

ynPA5KHEHHE neut. exercise 

JlerKoe ynpa?KHeHHe. An easy exer- 
cise. Tpy^Hoe ynpaJKHeHne. A dif- 
ficult exercise. CfleJiaxb ynpaJKHe- 
HHC. To do an exercise. 

ynPHM|bIfl, -an, -oe, -we, short 
form ynpHM, -a, -0, -bi; adv. ynpa- 
MO stubborn 

ynpHMbiH HejiOBCK. A stubborn per- 
son. OH oHCHb ynpflM. He is very 
stubborn. 

yPOBjEHb m ., gen. -HH 

1. level. ypOBCHb JKH^KOCXH B 



KOJi6e. The level of the liquid in 
a flask. 

2. fig. standard, level, ypofienb 
JKH3HH Hapofta. The living stan- 
dard of the people. KyjibxypHHH 
ypOBenb. The level of culture. 
yPO5KAfl m. harvest 

Borax WH ypoman. A rich harvest. 

Co6paxb ypojKan. To gather in the 

harvest. 
yPOK m. 

1. lesson. HnxepecHtiH ypOK. An 
interesting lesson. Bbixb na ypo- 
ne. To be at a lesson. Onoa- 
3,axb na ypOK. To be late for a 
lesson. ypOK pyccKOro H3HKa. 
A Russian lesson. 

2. lesson, homework. Btiynnxb 
ypOK. To learn one's lesson. Cfle- 
jiaxb ypOKH. To do one's home- 
work. 

3. fig. lesson. Ilycxb axo 6y^ex 
BaM ypOKOM. Let that be a lesson 
to you. 

yCflJIHBAjTb, -ro, -einb, -rox imp. 
HXO?//?. ycHJi|nxb, -ro, -nnib, -ax 
to strengthen 

ycHJinxb fl,HCij,HnjiHHy. To strength- 
en discipline. ycnJinxb HaSjiro^e- 
H0e. To intensify observation. 

yCfiJIHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxcn imp. I 
p. ycHJi|nxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -HXCH to in- 
crease 

HIvM yciajiHJiCH. The noise was grow- 
ing louder. 

yCflJIHTb see yCflJIHBATb 

yCflJIHTbCH see yCflJIHBATbCH 

yCJlOBHE neut. 

1. data, condition, noimxb ycjio- 
BHe aa^aHH. To understand the 
data of a problem. 3xo rjraBHoe 
ycJiOBHe ycnexa. This is the 
chief condition for success. 

2. only pi. conditions. ZIpHpo^Hbie 
ycjiOBHH. Natural surroundings. 
VcjiOEHH JKH3HH. Living condi- 
tions. Pa66xaxb B THWCJIUX yc- 
noBHflX. To work under difficult 
conditions. Coa/jaxb HOpMajibHbie 
ycjiOBHH JJ;JIH pa66xw. To provide 
normal conditions for work. 

<> B T8KHX (3THX) yCJIOBHflX. .. 

Under such (these) conditions. 
yCJIb'imATb see 



yen 



156 



yxo 



yCIIEBA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. 
-f- inf. I p. ycne|Tb, -ro, -einb, -IOT 
usu.-\-p. inf. 

1. to have enough time (to do 
something). OH ycneJi npo^HTaxb 
KHHry B cpOK. He managed to 
finish the book in time. OH ycnen 
npHHTH K yjKHHy. He was in 
time for supper. 

2.: He ycnejra MH BHexaib H3 
ropofla, KaK nome'ji flWKflb. 
Hardly had we left the town when 
it began raining. 

3. only imp.: STOT CTyjjeHT He 
ycneeaex no <|>H3HKe. This stu- 
dent is backward in physics. 
yCHETb see yCHEBAlb 
yCIlfiX m. success 

,ZJo6HTbCH ycnexa B pa66xe. To 

achieve success in one's work. CneK- 

TaKJib HMCJI 6oJibmoH ycnex. The 

performance was a great success. 

JKeJiaio BaM ycnexofi! / wish you 

success! 
ycnOKAHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. 

K o r 6? / p. ycnoKo|HTb, -ro, -nmb, 

-HT to calm, to reassure 

VcnOKOHTb 6onbH6ro. To reassure 

the patient. ycnoKOHTb HepBbi. To 

calm one's nerves. 
ycnOKAHBAITbCH, -rocb, -embcn, 

-IOTCH imp. /p. ycnoKOJHTbCH, -rocb, 

-HIHbCH, -HTCfl 

1. to quieten, to become calm. Pe- 
6e*HOK ycnoKOHjiCH. The child has 
quietened. Mope ycnOKOHJiocb. 
The sea became calm. 

2. to soothe, to abate. Bojib ycno- 
KOHJiacb. The pain has abated. 

3. to rest. He ycnoKaiiBaTbca na 
AOCTHTHVTOM. Not to rest on 
one's achievements. 

YCnOKOHTb see YCnOKAHBATb 
YCnOKOHTbCfl see yCnOKAH- 

BATbCH 
yCTAlBATb, -16, -emb, -IOT imp. + 

inf. /p. ycTa|Tb, -ny, -Hemb, -nyT 

to get tired 

Bqepa H oqenb ycraJi. / got very 

tired yesterday. VcxaTb OT cnopa. 

To get tired of arguing. VcTaTb 

TaHnesaTb. To get tired of dancing. 
yCTAJI|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -ue; adv. ycTa- 

Jio tired 

qeJiOBCK. A tired person. 
BarJifl/j. A tired look. 



jrau.6. A haggard face. OH 
ycTaJio. He looked tired. 

yCTATb see VCTABATb 

^CTHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue; adv. ycTHO 
oral 

VCTHLIH SKaaMCH. An oral examina- 
tion. YcxHoe aaHBjienne. An oral 
statement. OTBenaTb ycTHO. To 
answer orally. 

yCTPAHBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 

1TO?/p. yCTp6|HTb, -K), -HHIb, -HT 

1. to arrange. YcTpoHTb KOHn,epT. 
To arrange a concert. VcTpOHTb 
Benep. To arrange an evening- 
party. 

2. KOTO? colloq. to suit. MeHH^TO 
ne ycTpaasaeT. That doesn't 
suit me. 

yCTPOHTb see yCTPAHBATb 

yCIil, jing. yc used rarely mous- 
tache (s) 

^jiHHHtie yew. A long moustache. 
HocHTb ycti. To wear a moustache. 

yTOH^Tb see TOH^Tb 

^TPEHH|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He morning 
VTpeHHee cojiHine. The morning sun. 
yTpeHHHH nporyjiKa. A morning 
stroll. 

neut., dat. pi. no yxpaM morn- 
ing 

Cfimee yTpo. A cool morning. C ca- 
Moro yxpa. From early in the morn- 
ing. ^HiaTb KHHry #0 yxpa. To 
read the book till morning. B 7 na- 
COB yxpa. At 7 o'clock in the morn- 
ing. 

adv. in the morning 
BcTasaTb paHO yrpOM. To get up 
early in the morning. SaBTpa yT- 
pOM MH see pemHM. We'll settle 
everything tomorrow morning, 
m., gen. -a iron 
^HH yTK>r. A hot iron. Tjia- 
yTioroM. To iron (to press), 
neut., pi. ymH, ymen ear 
BoJibHtie ymn. Bad ears. 
<> CKaaaTb na yxo. To whisper 
into somebody's ear. He eepnTb 
CBOHM ymaM. Not to believe one's 
ears. Eo ymn BJiiofraTbCfl B KOFO- 
JIHOO. To be head over heels in love 
with somebody. 

OflfiTb, yxowy, yxoflnmb, yxo- 
flHT imp. I p. yHTH, yHflJy, ^ -emb, 
-yT, past yme'ji, ymji|a, -6, -H to go 
away, to leave 



yxy 



157 



OH Kyiraji KHHry H ymeji H3 Mara- 
3HHa. He bought the book and left 
the shop. Bee yniJiH Ha BKCKypcnio. 
Everybody has gone on an excursion. 
<0> OH ymeji c TOJIOBOH B pa66xy. 
He is up to his eyes in work. 
yjjmAlTb, -K>, -eint, -IOT imp. 
ITO? / p. yxyjrnraxb, yxy/nnly, 
-Hmb, -aT to make worse 
yxyfloraxb CBoe nojiojKenHe. To 
make one's situation worse. 
yftfflAlTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxca imp. I 
p. yxy;nii|HXbca, 1st & 2nd pers. 
not used, 3rd pers. -nxca, -area to 
deteriorate, to become worse 
HojioJKeHHe B cxpaee yxyjniiHJiocb. 
The situation in the country has 
deteriorated. Sfloposbe 6ojibHoro 
yxyjmiHJiocb. The patient's health 
has become worse. 

see 



see 

yHACTB|OBATb, -yro, -yeinb, -yiox 
imp. B q e M? to take part 
ynacxBOBaxb B copeBHOBaHHax. To 
take part in competitions. 

yHACTHE neut., no pi. B q e M? 
participation 

ripiraaxb yqacTne B KOHnepxe. To 
take part in a concert. 

y^ACTHHK m. participant 

yHACT|OK m., gen. -Ka 

1. section. JlecHoii ynacxoK. A sec- 
tion of a forest. 

2. sector. BaJKHbia ynacioK pa66- 
Tbi. An important sector of work. 

3. district. HsfiHpaTejibHbiH y^a- 
CTOK. An electoral district. 

m. text-book 
pyccKoro H3biKa. A Rus- 
sian text-book. y*ie6HHK AJIH Tex- 
HHnecKHx HHCTHxyTOB. A text-book 
for technical institutes. 
y*lEBH|bIft, -an, -oe, -we school, 
academic 

y^eSntiH TOA A school (academic) 
year. yqe6eoe noc66ne. An aid to 
study, a teaching aid. 
m., gen. -a 

1. pupil. yqenHK cpeAnen HIKOJIEI. 
A secondary-school pupil. 

2. pupil, disciple. yqemiK anaMe- 
HHTOFO npo|>eccopa. The famous 
professor's pupil. 



yHEH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -Lie 

1. scientific, academic, 
CTeneHb. An academic degree. 

2. used as n. scientist. HsfiecTHbiH 
yqe'HHH. A well-known scientist. 

yHflTEJI|b m., pi. -H teacher 

y^nxejib $H3HKH. A physics teach- 
er. Pa66xaTb ynnxejieM B mnojie. 
To work as a schoolmaster. Cxaxb 

. To become a teacher. 
y^y, ynnoib, yqax imp. 

1. p. Bwyq|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax H x o? 
to learn, y^nxb ypOK. To learn 
one's lesson. Bwynnxb CXHXOXBO- 
penne. To learn a poem. 

2. p. Haynnxb, Hayny, Hay^Hinb, 
naynax ^ e M y? & -f- inf. t to 
teach, y^iixb nnxaxb H nucaxb. 
To teach to read and to write. 
y^HXb pyccKOMy aawKy. To 
teach Russian. 

yHflTbCfl, ynycb, ynnmbCH, yqaxca 
imp. qeMy? &-}-inf./p. Haynnxb- 
CH, naynycb, HaynninbCH, Haynaxca 

1. to learn, to study. y*mxb- 
CH njiaBaxb. To learn to swim. 

yHHXbCH pyCCKOMy HSLIKy. To 

study Russian. 

2. no p. to study. MOH 6pax 
yqnxcH B yHHBepCHxexe. My 
brother studies at the university. 

<C> BCK /KIIHM B6K yHHCfa (prOV- 

erb). Ci. Live and learn. 
yK)TH|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -bie; adv. yrox- 
HO cosy, comfortable 
yroxnaa KOMHaxa. A cosy room. 
3flecb onenb yioxHO. It is very com- 
fortable here. 



0), 



OABPHKA /. factory 

TeKCXHJibnaa ^^pnKa. A textile 
factory. PaSoxaxb na $a6pHKe. To 
work at a factory. 

OAKT m. fact 

)aKX. A real fact. 
roBOpax o XOM, HXO OH 6mi 
npaB. The facts show that he was 
right. 

<DAKyjIbTET m. faculty, department 
OHJIOCO^CKHH $aKyjibxex. The phi- 
losophy department. yqHXbca Ha 
XHMH^ecKOM <aKyjibxexe. To study 
at the chemistry department . Ilocxy- 



<DAM 



158 



XAP 



HMXb Ha $H3HHeCKHH <f>aKyJIbXeX. 

To enter the physics department. 

OAMflJIHH /. (sur)name 

(DaMHJiHH cxy^eHxa. The student's 
name. KaK Baiua (^aMiijinn? What's 
your name? Moa DaMHJiHH HsaHOB. 
My name is Ivanov. 

<DEBPAJI|b m., gen. -H February 
B <J>eBpaJie ^acio 6biBaiox Mexejra. 
In February there are often snow- 
storms. SaBxpa nfixoe $eBpajm. To- 
morrow is the fifth of February. 
OH yeswaex BOCbMoro <f)eBpaJiH. He 
leaves on the eighth of February. 

onrypA /. 

1. figure. CxpoimaH (fmrypa. A 
slender form. V Hee xopoman 
(f)iirypa. She has a good figure. 

2. figure. FeoiviexpifaecKafl (jmrypa. 
A geometrical figure. 

cDftSHKA /. physics 

IIpoGjieMbi <|)H3HKH. The problems 
of physics. SaHHMaxbca <|>H3HKOH. 
To study physics. JIeKn,HH no (|>H- 
3HKe. Lectures on physics. fl^epHaa 
$H3HKa. Nuclear physics. 

<H3fiHECK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He 

1 . physical. 0H3HHecKaH cwjia. Phys- 
ical strength. SaniiMaxbCH $H- 
SH^ecKHM xpyflOM. To do physi- 
cal work. 

2. physics. OnsHHecKHH $aKyjib- 
xex. The physics department. 

OH3KyjIbT^PA /. (= 4>H3HHec- 
Kaa Kyjibxypa) physical culture 
SaHHMaxbCH 4> H3 KyJibxypoH. To go 
in for physical culture. SaHHXHH 
no <|)H3Kyjibxype. Physical culture 
lessons. 

OHJIbM m. film 

Hay^HO-nonyjiflpHWH $HJibM. A 
popular science film. J^OKyMenxaJib- 
HUH ^)HJibM. A documentary film. 
Xy/j6>KecxBeHHbiH AnjibM. A feature 
film. 

OJIAF m. flag 

Focy^apcxBeHHHH $Jiar. The nation- 
al flag. 

OJIOT m. fleet 

BoenHO-MOpCKOH (fawn. The navy. 
ToproBHH $jiox. The merchant ma- 
rine. BosAyuiHbiH $jiox. The air fleet. 

QOHTAH m. 

1. fountain. Ha njioma^H 6biji $OH- 
Tan. There was a fountain in the 
square. 



2. gusher. HC^XHHOH <f)OHxaH. An 

oil-gusher. 
OOPMA /. 

1. shape. GXOJI KpyrjroH $6pMH. 
A round table. npe^Mex HMeex 
$6pMy mapa. The object has the 
shape of a ball. 

2. form. CojjepjKaHHe H $6pMa. 
The content and the form. 

3. uniform. BoeHHan <6pMa. Mili- 
tary uniform. 

<> BbiTb B 4>t>pMe. To be in good 
form. BbiTb ne B 4>opMe. Not 
to be in good form. 

OOPTOHIKA /., gen. pi. -en fortochka 
(a small hinged window pane used 
for ventilation) 

OxKpbixb <|6pxoqKy. To open the 
fortochka. Cnaxb npn oxKpbixoH 
(fxSpfDHKe. To sleep with the for- 
tochka open. 

<DOTOAniIAPAT m. camera 

CHHMaxb ^oxoannapaxoM. To pho- 
tograph. 

<DOTOrPAO>flP|OBATb, -yro, -yeinb, 
-yiox imp. K o r 6? H x o? / p. c<o- 
xorpa$np|OBaxb, -yio, -yeuib, -yiox 
to photograph 

<Doxorpa<|)HpoBaxb pe6e'HKa. To pho- 
tograph a child. 

OPOHT m., pl.^ -bi front 

HAXH na ^)pOHX. To go to the front. 
CpajKaxbCH na (|)p6Hxe. To be fight- 
ing at the front. 

OP^KTbl on/j/ pi. fruit 

CBejKne ^pyKXbi. Fresh fruit. ITo- 
Kynaxb $pyKxu B MarasHHe. To buy 
fruit at a shop. 

OYTBOJI m. football 

Hrpaxb B $yx66ji. To play football. 
CopeBHOBaHHH no $yx6oJiy. Foot- 
ball competitions. 

X, x 

XAJIAT m. overalls 

Pa6oHHii xajiax. Overalls. KynaJib- 
Hbiii xaJiax. A bath-robe. JloM&ui- 
HHH xajiax. A dressing-gown. 
XAPAKTEP m. 

1. character. CHJibHbiH xapanxep. 
A strong character. TBepjibiH xa- 
paKxep. A strong character. Bo- 
JICBOH xapanxep. A strong-willed 



XBA 



159 



XOJ1 



person. Hepxti xapanxepa. Traits 

of character. 
2. nature. Xapanxep MGCTHOCTH. 

The nature of the country. 
XBAJIflTb, XBajno, XBaJiHinb, XBajmx 
imp. KOTO? HTO? 3 a ^T 6?/ 
p. noxBajiHxb, noxBajiK), noxBa- 
jiHnib, noxBajiHx to praise 
XBajmxb ynemiKa sa xoponraH ox- 
Bex. To praise a pupil for his good 
answer. XsaJiHXb HOBIJH cxanoK. 
To praise a new machine-tool. 

XBATAjTb 1 , -ro, -eiiib, -IOT imp. KO- 
TO? HTO?//?. cxsaxHXb, cxBany, 
cxBaxHHib, cxBaTHT to seize 
OH cxBaxHJi M6HH sa pyKy. He 
seized my hand. 

XBATA|Tb 2 , -ex, ^past -Jio impers., 
imp. f p. XBaxHXb, XB&THX, past 
XBaxnjio to have enough 

MM XBaTHT BpeM6HH CflCJiaXb ypOKH. 

They'll have enough time to do their 
lessons. Euy ne xsaTaeT BpeMean 
xopomo yqHTb ypoKH. He has no 
time to learn his lessons well. 
<> 3Toro enje HG XBaxaJio! As if 
we didn't have enough trouble with- 
out that! 

XBATflTb see XBATATb 2 

XBOCT m., gen. -a tail 
XHMflHECKIHH, -an, -oe, -He 

1. chemical. XHMH^ecKHH 
A chemical element. 

2. chemistry, chemical. 

CKHH ^aKyjibTCT. The chemistry 
department. XHMifaecKaH Jia6o- 
paTOpnfl. A chemical laboratory. 
XflMHfl /. chemistry 

HeoprauHHecKan XHMHH. Inorganic 
chemistry. OprammecKaH XHMHH. 
Organic chemistry. H3y i iaTb XHMHK). 
To study chemistry. 
XflTP|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. cunning, crafty. XHTPMH HCJIO- 
B6K. A cunning person. XnTpue 
rjiasa. Crafty eyes. XnTpan 
yjibi6Ka. A cunning smile. 

2. fig. tricky. XHTPMH Bonpoc. A 
tricky question. 

XJIEB m. 

1. no pi. bread. EejitiH xJie6. White 
bread. HepntiH XJie6. Brown 
bread. CBC>KHH XJie6. Fresh 
bread. MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread. 
xjie6. Stale bread. 



2. pi. xjie6bi, gen. pi. xjie6os loaf. 
KpyrJibiH xjie6. A round loaf. 

3. pi. xJie6a, gen. pi. xjie6oB corn. 
VSopna XJieSoB. The corn har- 
vest. 

XJIOIIIOK m., gen. -Ka cotton 
XOJJfiTb, xojKy, xoAHmb, XO^HT imp. 
(cf. CXOflHTb 2 ) 

1. to walk. On floJiro XO^HJI no 
KOMHaTe. He walked about the 
room for a long time. 

2. tO gO. ^CTH XOflflT B UIKOJiy. 

Children go to school. OHH MacTO 
xoflHT B TOCTH. They often go 
visiting. KaJK/jyio cy66oTy CTy- 
^eHTbi XO^HT na BeHepa. Every 
Saturday the students go to eve- 
ning-parties. 

3. to wear. OH Bcerjia XO^HT B i iep- 
HOM KOCTiOMe. He always wears 
a black suit. 

<> XoflHTb neuiKOM. To go on foot. 
X03HHH m., pi. xoaaeBa, xosaeB 

1. host. XosflHH jjOMa. The master 
of the house. XOSHHH npurJiacHJi 
rocTen K CTOJiy. The host asked 
the guests to take their places at 
table. 

2. owner, master. XOSHHH ycajjb- 
6bi, $a6pHKH. The owner of an 
estate, factory. \\ fig. XosnHH 
CBoero BpeMeHH. The master of 
one's time. XOSHHH CBOCH cyjjb- 
6bi. The master of one's own 
destiny. 

XO3HHCTBO neut. 

1. no pi. economy. ConHajracTHHec- 
Koe X03HHCTBO. Socialist econo- 
my. HapOflHOe XOSHHCTBO. Na- 
tional economy. CeJibCKoe XOSHH- 
CTBO. Agriculture. 

2. farm. KojuieKTHBHoe XOBHH- 
CTBO. A collective farm, nepe/jo- 
Boe X03HHCTBO. A progressive 
farm. OTCTaJioe XOSHHCTBO. A 
backward farm. 

XOJIOAflJIbHHK m. refrigerator 

.IJOCTaHb MaCJIO H3 XOJIOflHJIbHHKa! 

Get the butter out of the refrigera- 
tor/ 

XOJIOJJHlblft. -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form xojiOAeH, xonoAHa, XOJIOAH|O, 
-w; adv. XOJIOAHO 

1. cold. XOJIOAHHH BeTep. A cold 
wind. XO^OAHMH qan. Cold tea. 

2. fig. cold. XojioflHtiH oxsex. A 



XOP 



160 



UBE 



cold answer. XoJioflHtie oxHome- 
HHH. Cold relations. XOJIOAHHH 
BarJiHA- A cold look. OH OTBG- 
THJI XOJIOAHO. He answered coldly. 
\predic. impers. Ha yjiaue 6ujio 
XOJIOAHO. It was cold outside. 
<> Ho.iHTiiKa xojiofliioii noiiiibi. 
Cold war policy. 

XOPOffl|Hfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form 
xopom, -a, -6, -0; adv. xopomo; 
comp. jiy^me (q. v.) good 
Xopouian noroAa. Fine weather. Xo- 
poiiiee Hacxpoemie. A good mood. 
XopouiHH rojioc. A good voice. Xopo- 
IIIHH oxBex. A good answer. Xopomo 
nrpaxb B niaxMaxbi. To play chess 
well. 3xo OHCHb xopomo. It is very 
good.\predic. impers. Xopomo 6biJio 
sa ropOAOM! It was good in the 
country! Xopomo 6bi noexaxb sa 
ropofl! It would be good to go to 
the country! 

<0 Bcero xoporaero! All the best! 
XOTETb, xoMy, xoqemb, XO^GT, XOXHM, 
xoTirxe, XOTHT imp. qero? or-j- 
inf./p. saxoxexb, saxony, saxo- 
qemb, aaxonex, 3axoTHM, aaxoxHTe, 
saxoTHT to want 

OH XOTGJI BHAGTb ee. He wanted to 
see her. Pe6e80K xoxeji KOH<|)eT. 
The child wanted some sweets. H 
xo i iy, i iTo6bi TW npnmeji ceroAHH 
Be^epOM. 7 want you to come to- 
night. 

XOTETbCH impers. xoqeiCH imp. . 
KOMy? Hero? or -f in f- IP- 
3axoT6TbCH, aaxoHexcfl to want 
Mne xoqeTca noiiTH B xeaxp. 7 want 
to go to the theatre. Mee xonexca 
nnxb. 7 am. thirsty. E\iy xoxejiocb 
CKOpee noHXH K H6H. He wanted to 
go to her as soon as possible. 

XOTH (XOTb) con], though 

nyxeinecxBeHHHKH ^BwnyjiHCb B 
nyxb, xoxfi 6biJio xeMHO. The trav- 
ellers started on their journey though 
it was dark. 

XPABP|BIB, -an, -oe, -bie; ade. xpa6- 
po brave 

Xpa6pbiH coJinax. A brave soldier. 
Xpa6pbiH nocxynoK. A brave ac- 
tion. Xpa6po cpajKaxbCH. To fight 
bravely. 

XPAH|flTb, -K>, -nmb, -HX imp. H T o? 
1. to keep. Xpannxb Macno B 



. To keep butter in 
a refrigerator. 

2. to keep. Xpaanxb niicbMa py- 
ra. To keep one's friend's let- 
ters. Xpannxb B naMflxn 66paa 
Maxepn. To keep the image of 
one's mother in one's memory. 
XY,H05KECTBEHH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

artistic 

XyAOJKecxBeiraoe nponaBefleHHe. A 

work of art. XyAOHtecxBeHHan JIH- 

xepaxypa. Fiction. 

HWH $HJibM. A feature film. 



HOCTb. Amateur theatricals. 
AOHCHHK m. 

1. artist, painter. 
xyAOJKHHK. A gifted artist. 

2. master. XVJJOJKHHK cjiosa. A 
piaster of elocution. 

-an, -oe, -bie thin 
AOH peSeHOK. A thin child. 

comp. of adj. njioxoii & adv. 
njioxo 

1. worse, not so good. IIoroAa 
ceroAHH xywe, H6M Bqepa. To- 
day the weather is not so good 
as it was yesterday. 

2. worse. OH qyBcxsyex ce6a xy- 
JK6, H6M B^epa. He feels worse 
than he did yesterday. 



The Rus- 



IJAP|b m., gen. -H 

1. tsar. PyccKHH 
sian Tsar. 

2. king. LJapb 3Bepen. The king of 
animals. IJapb nxHn;. The king of 
birds. 

<> IIpn qape Topoxe. In olden 
times. Bes i^apa B rojiose. None 
too clever. 

IJBE|CTfl, -xy, -xeuib, -xyx, past HBCJI, 
nsejila, -6, -H imp to blossom 
LjBexe'x cnpenb. The lilacs are in 
blossom. BHIUHH qsexex. The cherry- 
trees are in blossom. 

IJBET m., pi. -a colour 

KaKoro n,Bexa Banie naJibxo? What 
colour is your coat? IlaJibxo ceporo 
n,Bexa. A grey coat. ILrcaxbH HPKHX 
n;BexoB. Gay-coloured dresses. 

IJBETH|Ofl, -'aa, -oe, -we coloured 

Coloured 



UBE 



161 



HAft 



pencils. LJaeTHOH <|)HJIBM. A colour 

film. 

IjBeTHwe Mexajuiw. Non-ferrous 

metals. 
IJBET|OK m., gen. -Ka; pi. UBeTU, 

nseTOB flower 

.ZJyuiHCTBie HBeTBi. Sweet-smelling 

flowers. BBipamnBaxb HBCTBI. To 

grow flowers. Ona npnuiJia c U.BCT- 

KOM B BOJiocax. She came with a 

flower in her hair. 
IJEJIHHA /. virgin soil 

EoflHHMaTL uejiHHy. To plough 

virgin lands. OcBaHBaiB ii,e Jinny. 

To bring virgin lands under the 

plough. 
IJEJI|OBATb, -yio, -yeniB, -yroT imp. 

KOTO? HTO?//>. HonejiloBaTB, -yio, 

-yeinB, -yiox to kiss 

LJejiOBaxB pe6eHKa. To kiss a child. 

non,ejiOBaTB MaTB. To kiss the moth- 
er. 

IJEJIIOBlTbCH, -yrocB, -yeniBcn, 
imp. c K e M?/p. nou;eji|o- 
, -yrocB, -yeniBca, -yiOTca to 

kiss one another 

KpenKO nonejiOBaTBCH c apyroM. 

To kiss one's friend affectionately. 
IJfiJI|bIfi, -an, -oe, -BIG, short form 

IJGJI, ^eJIa, ^eJI|o, -BI 

1. unbroken. CxaKaH ynaJi, HO oc- 
TaJiCH n;eJiBiM. The glass fell, 
but it did not break. 

2. only complete form whole. OH 

EBIHHJI IjeJIBIH KyBEUHH BOflBI. He 

drank the whole jug of water. 
<> IJeji ii HeepeAHM. Safe and 
sound. 
IJEJIb /. 

1. target. CipejiHTB B ^eJIB. To 
shoot at a target. 

2. objective. IIocTaBHTBceSeEtejiBK). 
To set oneself as an objective. 
^OCTHHB CBoen n,ejiH. To achieve 
one's objective. ,D|o6HTBCH HCJIH. 
To succeed in one's aim. LJejiB 
JKH3HH. One's object in life. 

<> C uejibio, B ijejiax... With the 

object of... 
IJEHA /., ace. n;eHy; pi. n,eHBi 

1. price. BucoKan n;eHa. A high 
price. HiiSKne n;eHBi. Low prices. 
LJena KOCTioMa. The price of 
a suit. IloBBiniaTB n;eHBi na 
nponyKTBi. To raise prices of 

food-Stuffs. CHHJKaTB I^eHBI Ha 

11-4002 



To cut the prices of 
clothes. HoBBiuieHHe ii,eH Ha 10% 
(npon;eHTOB). A 10 per cent 
price rise. CmttKeHHe n,eH Ha 
20% (npou,eHTOB). A 20 per cent 
price cut. 
2. fig. value. 

<> JlioSoii u,eHofi. At any price. 
I^EHTP m. 

1. centre. I^enip ropo^a. The centre 
o/ the city (town). B ijeHTpe 
ropo^a. In the centre of the town. 

2. centre. PanonHBiH n,eHTp. The 
centre of a region. IIpOMBimjieH- 
HBie ^eHTpBI CTpanti. The in- 
dustrial centres of the country. 
UeHTp HayKH. A scientific centre. 

-0> I^enxp TflJKecTii. The centre of 
gravity. 

IJEHTPAJIbH|tlfl, -an, -oe, -Bie cen- 
tral 

L(eHTpaJiBHBiH Tcjierpa(|). The cen- 
tral telegraph office. IJeHTpaJiBHBie 
raseTBi. Central newspapers. E[eHT- 
pajiBHBie yjiHi^Bi. Central streets. 

I^EIIb /., prepos. o neira & Ha nenH 

1. chain. CoSaKa Ha n,enn. The 
dog is on a chain. 

2. fig. chain. LJenn rop. Chains of 
mountains. 

IJEPKOBb /., gen. ^epKBH; pi. n,epK- 

BH, n;epKBeH, uepKBaM, etc. church 

CxapHHHaH ^epKOBB. An old church. 
IJEX m., prepos. B n,exy & o (B) 

n,exe; pi. n,exa (work)shop 

Ha^aJTBHHK uexa. A shop foreman. 

Pa66iaTB B n,exy (u,exe). To work 

at a shop. 
IJHPK m. circus 

JlOHTH B DinpK. To go to the cir- 

cus. B unpKe SBIJIO MHOFO Hapo^y. 

There were many people at the cir- 

cus. 
IJftc&PA /. figure 

PeSeiioK yiHjicH nncaTB i^^pbi. 

The child was learning to write fig- 

ures. 



1. tea. FpyaiiHCKHH qafi. Georgian 
tea. IlHTb nan. To drink tea. 
HaniKa nan. A cup of tea. Kp6n- 
KHH ^aH. Strong tea. 
HaH. Weak tea. 



MAfl 



162 



HEP 



2. tea. EeceAOBaxb aa *iaeM. To 

talk over tea. 
<0> IIpnrjiacHTb iia nauiKy qan. To 

ask to tea. 

HAflHHK m. teapot; teakettle 
1 IAC m., gen. i iaca & i iaca (with car- 
dinal num.), prepos. o *iace, B *iace 
& B... nacy; pi. -w hour 
Koxopuii qac? What time is it? 
B nac AHH. .4* one o'clock in the 
afternoon. B tiexBepxoM *iacy. Be- 
tween 3 and 4 o'clock. l lepea AB& 
Haca. In two hours. Onoaftaxb na 
qac. To be an hour late. Tpn l iaca 
npojiexejin HeaaMexHO. Three hours 
flew by without anyone noticing it. 
HacM niiK. The rush hours. 
B jioopbiii nac! Good luck! 
HACTHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 

1. particular. HacxHtiii cjiyqafi. 
.4 particular case. Hacxiibin BO- 
npoc. A particular question. 

2. private. Hacxnan coGcxseHHOCXb. 
Private property. 

HACTO adv., comp. Mame (q.v.) often 
L Iacio Bcxpe*iaxb 'icjioBena. To meet 
a person often. L Iacxo xojjMXb B 
Teaxp. To go to the theatre often. 
MacTO 6ojieib. To be often ill. 

HACT|b /., gen. pi. -en 

1. part. Hacib MauiHHbi. A part of 
a machine. BoJibiuaa nacxb 
AOMa 6bijra aaHHia CTOJIOBOH. 
Most of the house was occupied 
by a dining-hall. Hacib jiio;i,eH 
yuijja c coSpanHH. Some people 
left the meeting. 

2. part. IlepBafl *iacib pOMaiia. The 
first part of the novel. 

3. part. MacTH CBexa. Parts of the 
world. 

pi., no sing, timepiece 

nacbi. A wrist watch. Cxeii- 
Hbie i iacbi. A wall clock. Macbi ciie- 
uiaxna 5 Manyx. The clock is 5 min- 
utes fast. Hacw oxcxarox na 3 MH- 
nyxbi. The clock is 3 minutes slow. 
Hacbi H^yx xopomo. The clock keeps 
good time. Hacti ocxaiiOBHJincb. The 
clock has stopped. l lacbi cxonx. The 
clock doesn't go. 

/., gen. pi. -CK cup 
Hainna. A teacup. Kp<j)efi- 
nafl HamKa. A coffee cup. Bbinnxfa 
^aio. To drink a cup of tea. 



HAUJE comp. of adv. qacxo oftener 

PaHbine xbi xoflHJi KO MHG qame. 

You used to come and see me oftener. 

fl name xe6a xomy B KHHO. / go 

to the cinema oftener than you do. 
L IEfl, HbH, ibe, *ibH pron. whose 

HeH xo cjiOBapb? Whose dictionary 

is it? HbH &xo xexpa^b? Whose 

copy-book is this? Hbe ^xo nepo? 

Whose pen is this? HbH &xo KHHrn? 

Whose books are these? 
MEfl-TO, l ibH-xo, Hbe-xo, qbH-xo pron. 

somebody's 

fl no ouni6Ke BSHJI qefi-xo nopx- 

(J)ejib. / took somebody's brief-case 

by mistake. 
HEJIOBEK m., pi. JIIOAH, JnojteH, jiro- 

AHM, jiiOAbMH, o JIIOAHX man, person 

CBOOO^HUH iiejiOBeK. A free person. 

Xop^uiHH yejioeeK. A good person. 

Hac SLIJIO nnxb qejiOBen. There 

were fire of us. 

<> Mojio,n6ii HGJiOBeK. A young man. 
MEJIOBEMECKlHfl, -aH, -oe, -He 

1. human. HejiOBenecKoe 66mecxBO. 
Human society. 

2. humane, kind. HejiOBeqecKoe 
oxHOUieHHe. Humane attitude. 

MEJIOBEHECTBO neut. mankind 
1 IEM conj. than 

Bpax cxapme, HCM cecxpa. The 

brother is older than the sister. OH 

npnuie'ji nosAnee, ^eM Bqepa. He 

came later than yesterday. 

<> T IeM puiihiuo, TCM jiyqine. The 

earlier, the better. 
MEMOj^AH m. suit-case, trunk 
MEMIIHOH m. champion 

HeMnnoii no uiaxMaxaM. A chess 

champion. HeMnnoH no 

A swimming champion. 
HEPE3 prep. + ace. 

1. across. riepeiixH *iepe3 

To cross a square. Ilepenjibixb 
peny. To swim across a 



2. over, ripbirnyxb nepea 3a6r5p. 
To jump over a fence. 

3. through. Bjieaxb nepes OKHO. To 
climb through the window. HAXH 
qepea Jiec. To go through the 
wood. 

4. in. Omi Bepnyjincb qepes Mecnn;. 
They returned a month later. 
Hepea xpii #HH OH yexaji. He 
left in three days. 



MEP 



163 



HTO 



5. every other.... IIpHHHMaTb jie- 
napCTBO qepea qac. To take med- 
icine every other hour. Xo^HTb 
Kyfla-jiHSo i iepes AGHB. To go 
somewhere every other day. 
L IEPHflJIA pi., no sing, ink 

Hepatic nepHHjia. Black ink. Ilncara 
nepHHjiaMH. To write in ink. 
HEPHIblfl, -an, -oe, -me black 
*lepHbie BOJiocbi. Black hair. 
<> HepHbiii xjie6. Brown bread. 
Hepnan HKpa. Black caviare. Hep- 
Hbiii KO<j)e. Black coffee. 
1 IEPT m., pi. Mepra, qepxen devil 
<>IIocjiaTb K qepxy. To send to hell. 
Mepx IJO.JI.MM! The deuce take it! 
HepT c HUM! Let him go to hell! 
HEPTA /. 

1. line. HpOBecTM qepiy. To draw 
a line. 

2. boundary. Hepxa ropofla. The 
city (town) boundary. 

3. trait. ^epTbi xapaKiepa. Traits 
of character. 

<> Hepxbi JiHU,a. Features. 

HECTHjblH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form 
qecxeH, necxHa, iecTH|o, -ti; adv. 
HCCTHO honest 

HecTHbiH neJiOBeK. An honest per- 
son. HecTHbie rjiaaa. Honest eyes. 
IIocTynHTb T iecTHO. To act hon- 
estly. 

<> ^axb necxHoe CJIOBO. To give 
one's word of honour. 

HETBEPO num. four 

HeiBepo ApyaeH. Four friends. Hx 
GHJIO iiexBepo. There were four of 
them. 

l IETBEPT|b /., gen. pi. -efi 

1. quarter. HeiBepib H6jiOKa. A 
quarter of an apple. 

2. quarter. MeiBepib naca. A quar- 
ter of an hour. Bea vieTBepTH 
nflib. It is a quarter to five. 
Ceiiqac neTBepib niecToro. It is 
a quarter past five. 

HHHflTb, IIHHIO, HHHHinb, I IHHHT imp. 

HTO? I p. DOIHHHTb, nO^HHIO, HO- 

HHHHuib, noHHHHT to mend 
IIoHHHiiTb uacbi. To mend a watch. 
l lHHHTb HOCKH. To mend socks. 
HHCJIO neut., pi. Hiicjia, qiiceji, HHC- 
jiaM, etc. 
1 number. LJeJioe HHCJIO. A whole 

number. Bojibiuoe IHCJIO JiK),n,eH. 

A large number of people. BbiTb 

11* 



B qncjie Apyaefi. To be among 

one's friends. 
2. date. KaKoe cero^HH qncjio? 

What is the date today? B nepBLix 

^HCJiax Mapxa. Early in March. 
<C> B TOM *incjie... Including... 
Hfl|CTHTb, -my, -CTHinb, -CTHT imp. 
H T o? i e M? 

1. p. nOHH|CTHTb, -my, -CTHIIIb, 

-CTHT to clean. HricraTb syGu 
me'TKoii. To clean one's teeth 
with a toothbrush. ^HCTHTb 60- 
THHKH. To clean one's boots. 

2. p. OHHJCTHTb, -my, -CTHIIIb, -CTHT 

to peel. HwcTHTb KapToiimy. 
To peel potatoes. O^HCTHTb aneJib- 
CHH^ To peel an orange. 
MHCT|bIH, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 

HHCT, HHCTa, *IHCT|O, -H; adv. qiicTo; 

comp. imme 

1. clean. L lHCTan BO^a. Clean wa- 
ter. HiicTbie pyKH. Clean hands. 
^HCTan py6amKa. A clean shirt. 

2. pure. HiiCToe SOJIOTO. Pure gold. 
MncTan uiepCTb. Pure wool. 

3. fig. clear. L lHCTan cosecTb. Clear 
conscience. FoBOpnTb na *IHCTOM 
pyccKOM HSbiKe. To speak good 
Russian. G^eJiaTb no^apOK OT 
qiiCTOro cep,n,ii;a. To give a pre- 
sent without any ulterior motives. 

HHTA|Tb, -K), -eiiib, -IOT imp. l i T o?/ 
p. iipo^HTa|Tb, -10, -eiiib, -IOT 

1. to read. ^HTaTb raaeTy. To read 
a newspaper. HirraTb EyuiKHiia. 
To read Pushkin. ^HTaTb BCJiyx. 
To read aloud. L InTaTb npo ce- 
6n. To read to oneself. 

2. to deliver. ^HTaTb jieKi;HK). 
To deliver a lecture. 

HJIEH m. member 

l ljien ceMbii. A member of the fa- 
mily. Hjien napTHH. A member of 
a party. ^IjieHbi npaBHTeJibCTua. 
Members of the government. 

HTEHHE neut. 

1. reading. Kinira ^JIH HTeHHH. A 
reader, a reading book. 

2. reading. ^OMamnee 
Home-reading. 

HTO 1 [IUTO] pron., gen. qero 

dat. i ieMy, ace. qTO, instr. *IOM, 
prepos. o VGM what 
HTO aeJiaTb? What is to be done? 
HTO OH cnasaJi? What did he say? 
'ie'M OH flMaeT? What is he 



164 



U1AP 



thinking about? fl CKaaaji, 

I said what I thought. 

<> HTO ro aa semb? What sort 

of thing is that? 
HTO 2 [OTTO] con/, that 

fl flyMajia, qxo axo HHxepecno. / 

thought it would be interesting. 
HTGEbl [uix66bi] con/. 

1. in order (to) or rendered by the 
inf. *Ix66bi xopoino anaxb HSWK, 

H3AO MHOrO BaHHMaXbCfl. To 

know a language well one must 
study a lot. OH Bcxa-Ji oienb pa- 
HO, Hx66bi He onosAaxb. He got 
up very early in order not to be 
late. 

2. that. Bee JIIOAH HQ aeMJie XOTHT, 
qx66bi He 6bijio BOHHbi. All the 
people in the world wish that 
there should be no war. BaM npo- 
CMJIH nepeAaxb, qx66bi BLI npn- 
mjiH aaBxpa. They asked me to 
tell you to come tomorrow. 

[inxo-] pron., gen. qe- 



ace. qxo-HH6yAb, instr. qeM-HH6yA*> 
prepos. o qe'M-Hn6yAb something 
PaccKO>KH MHC Hx6-HH6yAi>- Tell me 
something. 

[fflxo-] pron., gen. qero-xo 
[qHBO-], dat. qeMy-xo, ace. HXO-XO, 
instr. 'leM-xo, prepos. o ICM-XO 
something 

Hxo-xo ynaJio B coceAHen KOMnaxe. 
Something fell in the adjoining 
room. 

H^BCTBO [qycxBa] neut. feeling 
Hcntixaxb rjiy6oKoe qyBcxBO pa- 
AOCXH. To feel great joy. HyscxBo 
coJiHAapnocxH. A feeling of solidar- 
ity. 

.q^BCTBIOBATb [qycxBasaxb], -yro, 
-yemb, -yrox imp. q x o?//?. noqyficx- 
B|OBaTb, -yio, -yenib, -yiox to feel 
HyscxBOBaxb 6ojib. To feel a pain. 
IloqyBcxBOBaxb TOJIOA- To feel 
hungry. HyscxBOBaxb rJiyGoKoe 
yfiaweHHe. To have profound re- 
spect. 

<> Kan EM ceS/i qyacTsyeTe? How 
do you feel? H qyBCTByio ce6[ 
HJIOXO (xoporao). / feel bad (all 
right). 

LIfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short 
form qyAecen, qyAecH|a, -o, -LI; 
adv. qyA^CHO wonderful 



L IyAecHan ACByuiKa. A wonderful 
girl. HyAecHan norOAa. Wonderful 
weather, fl qyACCHO ce6n qyacxByio. 
/ feel fine. 
Hy5K|Ofl, -an, -6e, -ne 

1. somebody else's. HywoM nopx- 
^>eJib. Somebody else's brief-case. 

2. strange. HywoH HCJIOB^K. A 
strange man. 

3. foreign. ^yjK^H aeMJia. A for- 
eign land. 

HYJlOK m., gen. qyjiKa; pi. qyjiKH, 
qyjioK, qyjiKaM, etc. stocking 
Hpocxbie qyjiKH. Ordinary stock- 
ings. DlepcxflHbie qyjiKH. Woollen 
stockings. KanponoBLie qyjiKH. Kap- 
ron stockings. 

HYTb adv. nearly, scarcely 

OH qyxb ne onoaAaJi Ha noesA- He 
was+nearly late for his train. OH 
roBOpHJi qyxb c.iwniHO. He spoke 
scarcely audibly. 

qyTb-H^Tb adv. nearly, a little bit 
fl qyxb-qyxb He ynaJi. / nearly 
fell. FoBopn qyxb-qyxb 
Speak a little louder. 



m, in 

IHAF m., gen. mara & mara (with 
cardinal num.); pi. uiarn 

1. step. ninpoKMH mar. A long 
step. 

2. fig. step. 3xo HOBHH niar BHC- 
pe'A- This is a new step forward. 

<> Hain AOM HaxoAHTCfl B ffByx 
niarax OT ocxaHOBKii xpaMBUH. 
Our house is a few steps away 
from a tram stop. Ha K&XCAOM 
mary BCTpoMa;iiici> MarasHHbi. 
There were shops at every step. 

1IIAII|KA /., gen. pi. -OK cap 

MexosaH uianK8. A fur cap. Ho- 
ciixb nianKy. To wear a cap. Xo- 
AHXb 6ea uianKH. To go without a 
cap. 

fflAP m., pi. -M 

1. sphere. L[eHxp mapa. The centre 
of a sphere. PaAnyc mapa. The 
radius of a sphere. 

2. globe. SeMHOH map. The terres- 
trial globe. BosAyniHbiH map. 
A balloon. 

fflAPO m. scarf 

TenjibiH map(|). A warm scarf. 



UJAX 



165 



11IVM 



UIAXMATLI pi., no sing, chess 

Hrpaxb B maxMaxbi. To play chess. 
HeMnnoH Miipa no maxMaxaM. The 
world chess champion. 
fflAXTA /. mine, pit 

VrojibHaa maxxa. A coal mine. 
,ZJo6biBaxb yrojib B maxxe. To mine 
coal in a pit. 
IHEJIK m., pi. nieJiKa silk 

Iljiaxbe H3 nie'jiKa. A dress made 
of silk. HaxypaJibHbiH me'jiK. Natu- 
ral silk. McKyccxBeHHbiH me'jiK. 
Artificial silk. 

HlEjIKOBIblfl, -an, -oe, -me silk 
fflejiKOBbiH njiaxoK. A silk scarf. 
nie'jiKOBaa py6aniKa. A silk shirt. 
fflEnOTOM adv. in a whisper 

FoBOpiixb .menoxoM. To speak in a 
whisper. 

IIIEIITATb, uienqy, menqenib, men- 
qyx imp. HXO? KOMy?//?. npo- 
menxaxb, npoinenny, nporaenqemt, 
nporaenqyx to whisper 
ry6bi ee HXO-XO inenxaJiH. Her lips 
were whispering something. OH npo- 
menxaJi HOBOCXB Ha yxo cocefly. 
He whispered the news into his 
neighbour's ear. 
IHEPCTb f., no pi. 

1. hair (of an animal), ^jumnaa 
mepcxt. Long hair. 

2. wool. Tpy6afl mepcxb. Coarse 
wool. 

3. wool. KOCXIOM H3 HHCXOH mep- 
CXH. A suit of pure wool. 
fflepcxb Ha njiaxbe. A length of 
woollen material for a dress. 

HIEPCTHH|Ofl, -aH, -6e, -tie woollen 
fflepcxHHbie HOCKH. Woollen socks. 
DlepcxHHoe njiaxbe. A woollen 
dress. 
fflEH /. neck 

^JiHHHaa niea. A long neck. TOH- 
Kaa mea. A thin neck. Howixb 6y- 
CBI na mee. To wear beads around 
one's neck. 

<> CHfleTb na race y pOAHTejiea. 
To be on one's parents' hands. 
niHPOK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form 
nrapoK, -a, -6, -H; adv. mnpOKo; 
comp. mnpe 

1. broad, wide. ZHnpOKaH peKa. 
A wide river. HlnpOKHH none. 
A broad belt. H xo^y, ^x66bi 
i66Ka 6biJia mnpe. / want the 
skirt wider. 

124002 



2. fig. HlHpOKHe B03MOJKHOCXH. 

Great possibilities. HlnpOKaH na- 
xypa. A generous person. 

3. only short form too wide. IlJiaxbe 
MHC innpOKO B nonce. The dress 
is too large in the waist for me. 

fflHTb, nib|K>, -enib, -lox, imper. men 
imp. HXO? KOMy? HeMy? / p. 
cinnxb, coinb|K>, -enib, -rox to sew, 
to make 

IHnxb njiaxbe JJ;JIH jjOHepn. To 
make a dress for one's daughter. 
CmHXb KOCXIOM B axeJibe. To have 
a costume made at a dressmaker's. 

UIKAO m., prepos. B niKa^y & o 
mKa$e; pi. mKa$bi 
KHHJKHHH mKa$. A bookcase. KHH- 
ra CXOHX B mna^y Ha noJiKe. The 
book is on a shelf in the bookcase. 
IlJiaxHHOH mKa$. A wardrobe. He- 
cropaeMbiii niKa(|). A safe. 

IHKOJIA /. 

1. school. VqiixbCH B niKOJie. To 
go to school. Hocxynnxb B IUKO- 
Jiy. To enter school. OKOHqiixb 
mnojiy. To finish school. 

2. fig. school. OH npome'ji xopo- 
niyio uiKony JKHBHH. Life has 
been a good school to him. 
HaqaJibHaH niKUJia. A primary 

school. CpeAHHfl mKOJia. A sec- 
ondary school. Bbicman inKojia. 
A higher school. My;jbiKa;ii,naji 
uiKojia. A musical school. fflKo- 
Jia-HHTepnaT. A boarding-school. 

fflJItfllA /. hat 

BeceHHHfl niJiana. A spring hat. 
nijmna c JUHPOKHMH HOJIHMH. A 
wide-brimmed hat. 

mOCCE neut. t indecl. highway 

Exaxb no mnpOKOMy inocce. To 
drive along a wide highway. BjjoJib 
mocce pacxyx flepeBbH. There are 
trees on both sides of the highway 

DI00EP m. chauffeur, driver 
IHo$ep xaKCH. A taxi-driver. 

milHOH m. spy 

fflT^KA /. piece, thing 

10 mxyK nannpoc. 10 cigarettes. 

fflYM m. 

1. noise, sound. MBI yc^bimajiH 
CHJibHHH myM. We heard a loud 
noise. DlyM flCWKftfl. The sound 
of rain. 

2. fig. row. HoAHfixb myM BOKpyr 



<> 



UIVM 



166 



3J1E 



co6tiTHH. To raise a hue and 
cry over an event. 
my|METb, -MJiK), -MHmb, -MHT imp. 

to make a noise 

Mope myMHx. The sea is noisy. 

JJexH myMHT. The children are mak- 

ing a noise. 
myTfiTb, myny, myxHmb, myxnx 

imp. /p. nomyxHXb, nomyny, no- 

myxHinb, nomyxHT 

1. to joke. IQyxHXb c flpysbHMH. 
To joke with one's friends. 

2. na# KeM? to joke. HlyTHXb 
nafl pacceHHHbiM TOBapnmeM. To 
joke at an absent-minded friend. 

ffl^TlKA /., gen. pi. -OK joke 

OcxpoyMHan myxKa. A witty joke. 
SJiafl myxKa. A malicious joke. 
<0> GKasaTb B myxKy. To say (some- 
thing) in jest. 

m, m 



-aa, -oe, -He 

1. generous. me^ptiH XOSHHH. A 
generous host, njetfpoe ce 

A generous heart. 

2. fig. lavish, rich. njeapafl 
pofla. Lavish nature. 
ypojKan. A rich harvest. 

mEKA /., ace. meny; pi. m,eKH, m;eK, 
menaM, etc. cheek 

njET|KA /-. gen. pi. -OK brush 

3y6Han m;eiKa. A toothbrush, mex- 
Ka fljifl o,n;eH{A M - Clothes-brush. Ca- 
noHaH m;exKa. A shoe-brush. Hric- 
xnxb mexKOH xy<$JiH. To clean 
one's shoes with a brush. 



3,3 

3K3AMEH m. examination 

TpyflHbiH 9K3aMeH. A difficult 
examination. JlerKHH 9K3aMen. An 
easy examination. FocyAapcxBeirabiH 
3K3aMOH. A State examination. 
C^aBaxb (c^axb) sKsaMen. To take 
(pass) an examination. IIpOBajiHXb- 
CH na 3K3aM6He. To fail in an 
examination. 

3KOHOMHKA /. no pi. economics 
9KOHOMHKa ceJibCKoro xosHHcxsa. 
The economics of agriculture. 

3KOHOMHH /. no pi. 
1. economy. 3KOHOMHH 



The economy of energy. GOOJIIO- 
flaxb SKOHOMHK). To observe econ- 
omy. 

2. economy. IIojiHXHHecKafl 3KOuo- 
MHH. Political economy. 

3KPAH m. screen 

3KpaH xejieBH30pa. The screen of a 
T.V. set. 3Kpan B KHHOsaJie. The 
screen in a cinema. niHpOKHH 3K- 
pan. A wide screen Ha SKpanax 
KHHOxeaxpoB fleMOHcxpHpyexcfl HO- 
BHH $HJibM. A new film is on at 
the cinemas. 

3KCKyPCHH /. excursion 

SaropOflHan 3KCKypCHH. An outing 
to the country. DKCKypcnn B My- 
36H. An excursion to a museum. 
Exaxb na 3KCKypCHio. To go on an 
excursion. 

3KCKyPCOBG,U m. excursion guide 

SKCIIEflfllJHH /. expedition 

HaynHan 3Kcne,nHUHH. A scientific 
expedition. SKcne^nnHH Ha Cesep- 
HHH n6jiroc. An expedition to the 
North Pole. VHacxBOBaxb B 3Kcne- 
flHijHH. To take part in an expedi- 
tion. 

SKCnJIYATflPIOBATb, -yro, -yenib, 
-yrox KOTO? imp. 

1. to exploit. BKcnjiyaxHposaTb 
pa66^HX. To exploit workers. 

2. to make full use of. 3Kciuiya- 
xnpOBaxb xexHHKy. To make 
full use of technique. 

3JIEKTPfl4ECK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -we 
electric(al) 

3jieKxpHHecKHH XOK. Electric cur- 
rent. 3jieKxpHqecKHH CBCX. Electric 
light. 3jieKxpH^ecK3H jiaMnoHKa. 
An electric bulb. SJieKxpriqecKHH 
yxror. An electric iron. 3jieKxpn- 
HCCKHH qaHHHK. An electric teaket- 
tle. 

3JIEKTPOCTAHI^HH /. electric pow- 
er station 

Kpynnan sJieKXpocxannHH. A large 
electric power station. HycxHXb HO- 
Byio 3JieKxpocxaHHHK). To put a 
new electric power station into oper- 
ation. 3jieKxpocxaHHHH aaex XOK. 
The electric power station is now 
giving power. 

3JIEMEHT m. 

1. element. IIepnoflHqecKafl cacxe- 
Ma 3JieMenxOB. The periodic sys- 
tem of elements. 



3HE 



167 



5IBJ1 



2. element. B cxaxbe ecxb 

xu KPHXHKH. There are elements 
of criticism in the article. 

3. element. IIporpeccHBHbie ajie- 
MCHXH 66mecxBa. The progres- 
sive elements of society. 

3HEPrflHH|Llft [3H3-], -an, -oe, -He 

energetic 

3HeprHHHHH qeJiOBCK. An energetic 

person. 3HepriiHHbie 

Energetic movements. 

noxoflKa. A wilful gait. 
3HEPrHH [3H3-] /. 

1. energy. 3neprHH BO^H. The 
energy of water. 

2. energy. Pa66xaxb c 6ojibmoH 
aHeprnen. To work with great 
energy. 

3TA3K m., gen. -a floor, storey 

JKnxb na nepBOM 3xa?Ke. To live on 
the ground floor. BxopOH axaJK. The 
first floor. JJoM B 7 sxaJKen. A sev- 
en-storeyed house. 

3TO see 3TOT 

3TOT, 3xa, 3x0, STH pron. 

1. this. 3TOT flOM. This house. 
3xo OKHO. This window. 3xox yqe- 
HHK qacxo onasflHBaex. This pu- 
pil is often late. 

2. that. B 3TOT fleHb MH see co- 
6paJiHCb y nero. On that day we 
all gathered at his place. 

3. 3TO neut. it; this, these; 
that, those. 3io CTOJI. This is 
a table. 3xo cxyjibfl. These 
are chairs. 3io 6HJia ona. 
That was she. 3xo 6wJio ji;aBH6. 
That was a long time ago. KTO 
&TO? 3TO MOH 6paT. "Who is 
that?" "It's my brother." HTO 
TO Tanoe? " What's that?" 3xo 
yneSHHK? HCT, STO cjiosapb. 
"Is it a text-book?" "No, it 
is a dictionary." Hxo xo sa 
nejiOBeK? What sort of person 
is he? Hxo ^xo 3a Bemb? What 
sort of thing is that? Men 
CXQJI? 3xo CXGJI 

"Whose desk is it?" "It's Iva- 
nov's desk." Kxo xaM? 3xo H. 
"Who is there?" "It's me." 

H), H) 

K)B|KA /., gen. pi. -OK skirt 

Ona 6njia B mnpoKOH ro6Ke. She 
wore a wide skirt. 

12* 



H)r m., no pi. 

1. south. OH nome'ji npaMO na ror. 
He went straight south. 

2. south. Ox/jbixaxb Ha rore. To 
have one's holidays in the south. 
Iloexaxb na ior. To go to the 
south. 

K)/KH|bin, -an, -oe, -ue south(ern) 
IQjKHbiH Bexep. A southern wind. 
K)}KHbiH HOJIIOC. The South Pole. 

K)MOP m., no pi. humour 

HMexb nyBcxBO KMOpa. To have a 
sense of humour. PaccKasbiBaxb c 
KMOpOM. To tell with humour. 

lOHOCTb /., no pi. youth 

CHacxjiHBafl roHOcxb. Happy youth. 
B IOHOCXH OH MenxaJi cxaxb apxric- 
XOM. In his youth he dreamt of 
becoming an actor. 

H)HOIII|A m., gen. pi. -en a youth 
CMeJibiH roHoma. A brave youth. 
KpacHBbiH roHoma. A handsome 
youth. 

K)H|LIfl[, -an, -oe, -ue young 
K)Hbie roflbi OH nposeji B H 
He spent his youth in Italy. lOnafl 
. A young girl. 



H, a 

fi. pron., gen., ace. MCHH, dat., prepos. 
MHC, instr. MHOH I 
MCHH He 6biJio ^OMa Bnepa Beqe- 
pOM. / was not at home last night. 
Kxo 9X0? 3xo^ H. "Who is it?" 
"It's me." fl Hjjy B xeaxp; XM HOH- 
flemb BMecxe co MHOH? I'm going 
to the theatre; will you go with 
me? Mne CKyHHO. 7 am bored. 
Mne xojiOflHO. / am cold. Tbi 
Bcxpexnnib M6HH? Will you meet 
me? IIpEXOflH KO MHO 
Come to see me today! 
HBJIOKIO neut., pi. aSjiO 
apple 

BoJibmoH ypojKan H6noK. A rich 
harvest of apples. 
flBflTbCH see HBJlHTLCH 
HBJlEHHE neut. phenomenon 
HBJlH|TbCH, f -rocb, -embcn, 
imp. /p. HBHXbCH, flBJirocb, 

Cfl, HBHXCH 

1. to come, to turn up. OH HOSJJHO 
HBHJICH na JieKiiHio. He turned 
up late for the lecture. 



5i ro 



168 



2. onZt/ imp. HyniKHH 

B6JIHKHM pyCCKHM H03TOM. Plish- 

kin is a great Russian poet. 

/. berry 

Co6npaib rpnSu H Hroflbi. To gath- 
er mushrooms and berries. Hroflbi 
KJiy6HHKH. Strawberries. BKycnaH 
caaosaH Hro^a. A tasty cultivated 
berry. BapeHte H3 aro;r. Jam made 
from berries. 

HJ(P()neut.,pl. HApa, H/jep, ajjpaM, etc. 
nucleus 

Hapo aiOMa. The nucleus of the 
atom, fljjpo KJiexKH. The nucleus 
of a cell. 
H3B"IK m., gen. -a 

1. tongue. IIoKasaTb HSHK. To 
show one's tongue. 

2. language. Hayqaxb HHOcxpaHHbin 
H3MK. To study a foreign lan- 
guage. BjmAeXb HeCKOJILKHMH 
HHOCTpaHHLIMH HSMKaMH. To 

know several foreign languages. 
<> .HepacaTb H3biK aa sySaMH. To 
keep a still tongue in one's head. 
HaiiTH oomnH nsuK c KCIVI-JIH- 
60. To speak a common language 
with somebody. 

neut., pi. Hiiqa, Hi'm egg 
KypiiHtie HHii;a. Hen's eggs. 
<> Hiiu,6 BCMHTKy. A soft-boiled 
egg. Hfiqo BKpyTyro. A hard-boiled 
egg. Hfiu;6 B MeraoqeK. A well- 
boiled egg. Hiiija Kypmjy ne yiax 
(proverb). Cf. Don't teach 'your 
grandmother to suck eggs. 



HHBAP|b m., gen. -H January 

HOHL B HHBape. A night in Janu- 
ary. IlepBoe HHBapH. The first af 
January. 

flPK|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short form 
HpOK, Hpna, HPK|O, -H; adv. npKo; 
comp. epHe 

1. bright. flpKHH CBCT. A bright 
light. 

2. bright. HpKne upacKH. Bright 
colours. 

3. fig. striking, brilliant. HPKHH 
npHMep. A striking example. 
HpKHH TaJiani. A brilliant tal- 
ent. 



-an, -oe, -tie, short form 
Hcee, Hcna, HCH|O, -u; adv. HCHO 

1. clear, fine. Hcnoe He6o. A clear 
sfcy. HCHWH fleHb. A fine day. 

2. fig. lucid. flCHbiH yM. A lucid 
mind. HcHaa Mbicnb. A clear 
thought. 3iOT Bonpoc MHC HCCH. 
This question is clear to me. 
BaM 3xo HCHO? Is that clear to 
you? OH roBOpHT o^ienb HCHO. 
He speaks very clearly. 



1. box. Hm,nK a6jiOK. A box of 
apples. HUJHK c KOHcepsaMH. 
A box of preserves. 

2. drawer. HmHK nncbMenHoro 
cxojia. A drawer of a desk. 

3. box. riOTTOBblH HIHHK. A pOSt- 

box. 



SUPPLEMENT 

THEMATIC GROUPS OF WORDS 

Names of Nationalities, of People inhabiting Various Countries 
and Continents, Geographical Names and corresponding Adjectives 

aBCxpaJiHen; Australian (man), ascxpa- 
jiHHKa Australian (woman), ascxpa- 
JIHHIJLI Australians, AscxpaJiHfl 
Australia; aBCXpaJiHHCKHH Austra- 
lian 



Afghan (man), a^ranna Af- 
ghan (woman), a$rann;u Afghans, 
A<raHHCxaH Afghanistan; a(J>ran- 
CKHH Afghan 



Austrian (man), 

Austrian (woman), aBCxpiramJ Aus- 
trians, AscxpHH Austria; aBCxpHH- 
CKHH Austrian 

asnax Asian (man), asHaxKa Asian 
(woman), asnaxti Asians, ASHH 
Asia; asnaxcKHH Asian 

ajiSaeen; Albanian (man), aJiSanKa Al- 
banian (woman), aJiSanmj Albanians, 
An6aHHH Albania; aji6aHCKHH Alba- 
nian 



Algerian (man), 
Algerian (woman), aJiJKiipmj Alge 
rians, AJKKHP Algeria; 
Algerian 



American (man), aMepn- 
American (woman), aMepn- 
KaH^I J I Americans, AinepHKa Amer- 
ica; aMepHKancKHH American 



Englishman, 
Englishwoman, aHrjin^ane English, 
AnrjiHH England; anrJiHHCKHH Eng- 
lish 

apa6 Arab (man), 1 apa6u Arabs; apa6- 
CKHH Arab 

aprenxHHen Argentinean (man), apren- 
xHHKa Argentinean (woman), apreH- 
XHHIJLI Argentineans, ApreHXHHa 
Argentine; apreHXHHCKHH Argentine 



African (man), a$pHKaHKa 
African (woman), a(pHKaHn;Li Af- 
ricans, A^pnKa Africa; 
CKHH African 

6ejibriien; Belgian (man), 6ejisrHHKa 
Belgian (woman), 6ejiBrHHn;i>i Bel- 
gians, BeJibrHH Belgium; 6ejifcrnH- 
CKHH Belgian 

6npMaHeu; Burmese (man), 6npMaHKa 
Burmese (woman), 6npMaHii;i 1 i Bur- 
mese, BitpMa Burma; SnpMaHCKHH 
Burmese 

6ojirapiiH Bulgarian (man), 6ojirapKa 
Bulgarian (woman), Sojirapu Bul- 
garians, BonrapHH Bulgaria; GOJI- 
rapCKHH Bulgarian 

6oJiHBHen; Bolivian (man), SojiHBHHKa 
Bolivian (woman), SOJIHBHHIJLI Bo- 
livians, BOJIHBHH Bolivia; GOJIHBIIH- 
CKHH Bolivian 

6pa3HJieii Brazilian (man), 6pa3HjitijM 
Brazilians, BpaannHH Brazil; 6pa- 
SHJIBCKHH Brazilian 

BaJUiiieu; Welshman, BanjiHHKa Welsh- 
woman, BajuiH^w Welsh, YBJILC 
Wales-, BajijiHHCKHH Welsh 

Benrp Hungarian (man), BenrepKa 
Hungarian (woman), Benrpu Hun- 



1 The feminine forms of a number of nouns denoting nationality 
either do not exist or are not used in the literary language. 



170 



garians, BenrpHH Hungary; Benrep- 
CKHH Hungarian 

BenecyaJien; Venezuelan (man), Bene- 
cyaJiKa Venezuelan (woman), BeHe- 
cyaJibijbi Venezuelans, BenecyaJia 
Venezuela; BenecyaJibCKHH Venezu- 
elan 

BbeiHaMen; Vietnamese (man), Bbe-r- 
HaMKa Vietnamese (woman), Bber- 
HaMijM Vietnamese, BbeiHaM Viet- 
nam; BbeiHaMCKHH Vietnamese 

raHeu Ghanean (man), raima Ghanean 
(woman), ranijbi Ghaneans, Tana 
Ghana; raHCKHH Ghanean 

rBaxeManen; Guatemalan (man), rBaxe- 
MaJibijw Guatemalans, FBaTeiviaJia 
Guatemala; TBaieMaJibCKHH Guate- 
malan 

rBHHeen; Guinean, rBHHenijbi Guineans, 
eH Guinea; rBHHGHCKHH Guinean 



Jordanian (man), HOp^aHn,bi 
Jordanians, Hop^aHHH Jordan; 
Jordanian 



Germany; repMancKHH 
German (see neMeij) 

roJiJiaHflen; Dutchman, ronjian^Ka 
Dutchwoman, rojuiaHOTbi f Dutchj 
FoJiJiaHAHH Holland; rojiJiaHACKHH 
Dutch 

rpen Greek (man), rpenaHKa Greek 
(woman), rpeKH Greeks, ^pe^Hfl 
Greece; rpeiecKHH Greek 

^anaHHH Dane (man), aax^aHKa Dane 
(woman), Aaxqane Danes, 
Denmark; ^aTCKHH Danish 



espeH Jew, espeHKa Jewess, espen 
Jews; espeHCKHH Jewish 

eBponeen; European (man), eBponenijbi 
Europeans, Espona Europe; eBpo- 
neflcKHH European 

ernnTflHHH Egyptian (man), ernnTflH- 
Ka Egyptian (woman), ernnTHHe 
Egyptians, ErnneT Egypt; ernneT- 
CKHH Egyptian 



Indian (man), HHanaHKa In- 
dian (woman), HHAHHIJU Indians, 
India; HHAHHCKHH Indian 



nei^ Indonesian (man), 
H63HHKa Indonesian (woman), HH- 
jtOHe3HHu,bi Indonesians, HH^OHeaHH 
Indonesia; HHAOHGSHHCKHH Indone- 
sian 



HpaKe^ Iraqi (man), HpaKijbi Iraqis, 
IlpaK Iraq; npaKCKHH Iraq 

HpaHe^ Persian (man), npaHKa Per- 
sian (woman), upanmj Persians, 
Hpan Persia (Iran); npancKHM 
Persian (Iranian) 

npJiaHAeij Irishman, EpJian^Ka Irish- 
woman, HpJiaHflmJ Irish, 
Ireland, HpJiaHjjCKHH Irish 

ncJiaH^eu; Icelander (man) 

Icelander (woman), HCJiaHji;n;bi Ice- 
landers, HcjiaHAHfl Iceland; 
CKHH Iceland 



Spaniard, ncnaHKa Spanish 
(woman), ncnaHmj Spanish, Hcna- 
HHH Spain; ncnancKHH Spanish 

Italian (man), HTaJibHiraa 
Italian (woman), HxajibflHijbi Ital- 
ians, HTaJiHH Italy; HiaJibflHCKHH 
Italian 

Yemeni, HeMenn;bi Yemeni, 
Yemen; neMencKHH Yemeni 



K8M6o,n)KHen; Cambodian, 

n;bi Cambodians, KaM66fl>Ka Cambo- 
dia; KaM6oAHHCKHH Cambodian 

Kanaflen; Canadian (man), KanaAKa Ca- 
nadian (woman), KaHaflijbi Cana- 
dians, Kanaka Canada; KanaACKHH 
Canadian 

KHnpnoT Cypriot, KHnpnoTbi Cypriots, 
Knnp Cyprus; KHnpCKHH Cyprian 

KHiaen; Chinese (man), KHiaaHKa Chi- 
nese (woman), KHiaHqu Chinese, 
KnxaH China; KHTancKHH Chinese 

KOJiyM6nen; Colombian (man), KOJiyM- 
6HHii;bi Colombians, KojiyM^HH Co- 
lombia; KOJiyM6nHCKHH Colombian 

KOBTOJieaen; Congolese (man), Konro- 
Jieaijbi Congolese, Konro The Congo; 
KOBTOJieacKHH Congolese 

Korean (man), KOpeaHKa Ko- 
rean (woman), KOpeH^bI Koreans, 
Kopea Korea; KOpencKHH Korean 

Cuban (man), Ky6HHKa Cu- 
ban (woman), KydHnmj Cubans, 
Ky6a Cuba; Ky6nHCKHH Cuban 



171 



JiaOTHHHH Laotian (man), JiaoxHHKa 
Laotian (woman), JiaoxHHe & Jiaoc- 
rjbi Laotians, JIaoc Laos; Jiaoxan- 
CKHH & jiaoccKHH Laotian 

JiaxMHoaMepHKanen; Latin American 
(man), jiaxHHoaMepHKaHKa Latin 
American (woman), jiaxHHoaMepn- 
KaHijbi Latin Americans, JlaxiracKaa 
AMepHKa Latin America; JiaxHHO- 
H Latin American 



Lebanese, JiiiBaimti Lebanese, 
The Lebanon; JiHBaecKHH 
Lebanese 



Libian, JIHBHHIJU Libians, Jln- 
BHH Libia; JIHBHHCKHH Libian 

MaJiaeij Malayan (man), MaJiaima Ma- 
layan (woman), MaJianijbi Malayans, 
MaJiana Malaya; MaJiancKHH Ma- 
layan 



Mali (man), MaJiHHKa Mali 
(woman), MajiHHn;ti Malis, 
Mali; MajiiracKHH Mali 



Malagasi, MaJiBranm Mala- 
gasi; MajibramcKHH Malagasi 

MapoKKanen; Moroccan (man), MapOK- 
KaHKa Moroccan (woman), MapOK- 
KaniiLi Moroccans, MapOKKO Moroc- 
co; MapOKKancKHH Moroccan 



Mexican (man), MGKCH- 
Mexican (woman), MGKCH- 
Mexicans, MeKCHKa Mexico; 
MCKCHKancKHH Mexican 

MOHFOJI Mongolian (man), MOHroJiKa 
Mongolian (woman), MOHFOJILI Mon- 
golians, MonroJiHfl Mongolia; MOH- 
Mongolian 



eerp Negro (man), nerpHTHHKa Ne- 
gro (woman), nerpw Negroes; nerpn- 
THHCKHH Negro 

eeMeu; German, neMKa German (woman), 
Germans; H6Men;KHH German 



Nepalese, He^aJIb^K[ Nepa 
lese, HenaJi Nepal; 
Nepal 



Nigerian, HHrepHHqu Nige- 
rians, HnrepHH Nigeria; HHreprin- 
CKHH Nigerian 

New Zealander (man), 
New Zealander (wom 



an), HOBoaeJiaHjmti New Zealand- 
ers, HoBaa Sejian^HH New Zea- 
land; HOB036JiaHACKHH New Zealand 

nopseiKen; Norwegian (man), 
Norwegian (woman), 
Norwegians, HopsernH Norway; 
H Norwegian 



naKHCxanen; Pakistani, 

Pakistanis, IlaKHCTaH Pakistan; 
naKHCTancKHH Pakistani 



Panamanians, EanaMa Pana- 
ma; nanaMCKHH Panamanian 

nepyanen; Peruvian (man), nepyanKa 
Peruvian (woman), nepyanijbi Peru- 
vians, Ilepy Peru; nepyancKHH Pe- 
ruvian 

HOJi>iK Pole (man), noiiLKa Pole (wom- 
an), noJiHKH Poles, EojiBina Po- 
land; noJitCKHH Polish 

nopxyraJien; Portuguese (man), uopTy- 
raJiKa Portuguese (woman), nopxy- 
raJibii;w Portuguese, nopxyrajinn 
Portugal; nopxyraJibCKHH Portu- 
guese 

pyMbiH Rumanian (man), pyMHHKa 
Rumanian (woman), pyMHHbi Ru- 
manians, PyMbiHHfl Rumania; py- 
MHHCKHH Rumanian 

pyccKHH Russian (man), pyccKan Rus- 
sian (woman), pyccKHe Russians, 
POCCHH Russia; pyccKHH Russian 

ceneraJieij Senegalese, ceeeraJibiibi Se- 

negalese, Ceneran Senegal; cene- 

raJibCKHH Senegalese 
cep6 Serbian (man), cepSna Serbian 

(woman), cep6bi Serbs, Cep6nfl 

Serbia; cep6cKHH Serbian 

CHpHe^ Syrian (man), cnpnaKa Syrian 
(woman), CHpHHn,H Syrians, CnpHfl 
Syria; cnpaHCKHH Syrian 



Slovak (man), CJiosa^Ka Slo- 
vak (woman), cjiosaKH Slovaks, 
CnoBaKHH Slovakia; 
Slovak 

coMaJIHe^ Somali (man), 

Somali (woman), coMaJinnnibi So- 
malis, GoMaJiH Somaliland; coMa- 
JIHHCKHH Somali 

Sudanese (man), cy^aHKa Su- 
danese (woman), cyAanqti Suda- 



172 



nese, CyflaH The Sudan; 
Sudanese 



Thai, 
Thailand; 



Thais, 



Thai 



xorojieaerj Togolese, xorojiesDtti Togo- 
lese, Toro Togo; xoroJieacKHH To- 
golese 

xyHHcen; Tunisian (man), xynacKa Tu- 
nisian (woman), xyHHCijBi Tunisi- 
ans, TVHHC Tunis; xyHHCCKHH Tu- 
nisian 

xypOK Turk (man), Typ^aHKa Turk 
(woman), xypKH Turks, TyprjHH 
Turkey; xypeijKHH Turkish 

yKpairaeu Ukrainian (man), yKpaira- 
Ka Ukrainian (woman), yKpairanfci 
Ukrainians, VKpaHna The Ukraine; 
yKpaHHCKHH Ukrainian 

ypyrsaen; Uruguayan (man), ypyrsaH- 
HM Uruguayans, VpyrsaH Uruguay; 
ypyrsaHCKHH Uruguayan 



Welsh, Vajibc Wales; 
KHH Welsh 



<f)HJiHnniiHen; Filipino, 

Filipinos; OmiHnnHHLi The Philip- 
pines 

<HHH Finn (man), $HHKa Finn (wom- 
an), (J)HHHH Finns, <DHHJIHH^HH 
Finland; $HHCKHH Finnish 

$pann;y3 Frenchman, <paHn;y>KeHKa 
Frenchwoman, paHay3u French, 



French 



France; $pann;y3CKiiH 



xopsax Croat (man), xopsaTKa Croat 
(woman), xopeaTM Croats, XopBa- 
THH Croatia; xopBaiCKHH Croatian 

^eHJI6He^ Ceylonese (man), ijeiijiOHKa 
Ceylonese (woman), EteHJiOHrtiJ Ceylo- 
nese, I^GHJIOH Ceylon; 
Ceylonese 



qex Czech (man), nemKa Czech (wom- 
an), HGXH Czechs; ^GXHH Czechia; 
Czech 



HHJII^e^ Chilian (man), qnjiHHKa Chil- 
ian (woman), qirjiMHmj Chilians, 
Chile; HHJIHHCKHH Chilian 



Swiss (man), mBeH^dpKa 
Swiss (woman), mBeHrcapi^iii Swiss; 



CKHH Swiss 



Switzerland; nraeHn;ap- 



Swede (man), raBe^Ka Swede 
(woman), mBeflti Swedes, niBeu,HH 
Sweden; mBGACKHH Swedish 



Scotsman, 
Scotswoman, moTJiaHjmfci Scots, 
ffloTJiaHflHH Scotland; 
Scotch 



Ethiopian (man), a^aonKa Ethi- 
opian (woman), 3<|)H6nH Ethiopi- 
ans, 3<j)HOiiHfl Ethiopia; a$noncKHH 
Ethiopian 

lorocjiaBH Yugoslavs, K)rocjiaBHH Yu- 
goslavia; rorocJiaBCKHH Yugoslav 

Hnonei; Japanese (man), nnoHKa Japa- 
nese (woman), flnoHn,L] Japanese, 
Hnoflffn Japan; HDOHCKHH Japa- 
nese 

NUMERALS 

1 OHH, OAHH, OAHO; nepslbiu, -an, 
oe, -we first 

2 asa, ABe; BTopjoii, -an, -6e, -we 
second 

3 Tpn; TpeTJuu, -bn, -be, -bH third 

4 MeTbipc; MCTiiepT|biii. -an, -oe, -we 
fourth 

5 nHTb; nx|biii, -aa, -oe, -we fifth 

6 mecTb; mecx|6ii, -aa. -oe, -we 
sixth 

7 ceMb; ceAbM|oH, -aa, -6e, -we sev- 
enth 

8 BOceMb; ocbM|6ii. -an, -6e, -we 
eighth 

9 AGBHTb; AeiiJix|biii. -an, -oe, -we 
ninth 

10 jjecflTb; AecATlwii, -aa, -oe, -we 
tenth 

11 oAHiiiianuaTb; o^MHnaAuaT[biM, 
-an, -oe, -we eleventh 

12 ;uu'naAn,aTb; ABeiia^n.aT^wii. -an, 
-oe, -we twelfth 

13 xpimajmaTi,; Tpiina;uiaT|wii. -afl, 
-oe, -we thirteenth 

14 MOTbipiianuaTb; 'icxiipnaAiUTiiiii, 
-aH, -oe, -we fourteenth 

15 njiTiiajmaxi, ; n>iTiiaAnaT|wii, -afl, 
-oe, -we fifteenth 

16 mecTHawaTb; 

-an, -oe, -we sixteenth 

17 ceMmtAuaxh 

-oe, -we seventeenth 



173 



18 BOceJvraajmaTb; BOceMnau;aT|wH, 
-a a, -oe, -we eighteenth 

19 fleBHTHawaxb; aeBHTHajmaT|biu, 
-an, -oe, -we nineteenth 

20 flsazwaTb; jiBajuuiTibiM, -an, -oe, 
-we twentieth 

21 ABaauaTb OAHH; AnaauaTb nep- 
B|UH, -an, -oe, -we twenty-first 

30 TpHflijaTb; TpiiAuaTlwii, -an, -oe, 

-we thirtieth 
40 copoic; copoKOBJOH, -an, -oe, -we 

fortieth 
50 naTbflecar; naTHecaT|wfi, -an, 

-oe, -we fiftieth 
60 mecTbflecar; inecTHffecHT|wfi, 

-aa, -oe, -we sixtieth 
70 ceMbflecHT; ceMHflecaTJwfi , -an, 

-oe, -we seventieth 

80 BOCCMbflCCaT; BOCbMHAecaT|wfi, 

-aa, -oe, -we eightieth 
90 aeBHHOCTo; flesaHOCTlwii, -aa, 
-oe, -we ninetieth 

100 CTO; COT|WH, -aa, -oe, -we one 
hundredth 

101 CTO OftiiH, CTO opua, CTO o^Ho; 
CTO nepBJWH, -aa, -oe, -we one 
hundred and first 

110 CTO flecaTb; CTO AecaTJwH, -aa, 

-oe, -we one hundred and tenth 
200 HBCCTH; ffByxcoT|wH, -aa, -oe, 

-we two hundredth 
300 TpucTa; TpexcoTJwfi, -aa, -oe, 

-we three hundredth 
400 icTwpecTa; seTwpexcoTlwii, -a a, 

-oe, -we four hundredth 
500 naTbcoT; naTHCOT|wfi, -aa, -oe, 

-we five hundredth 
600 raecTbcoT; raecTHc6T|wfi, -aa, 

-oe, -we six hundredth 
700 ceMbcoT; ceMncoTlwii, -aa, -oe, 

-we seven hundredth 
800 BOceMbcoT; BocbMncoTJwii , -aa, 

-oe, -we eight hundredth 
900 flCBaTbcoT; fleBaTHCOT|wii, -aa, 

-oe, -we nine hundredth 
1000 Tbica'ia; Twca ( iH|wii, -a a, -oe, 

-we thousandth 

1961 Tbicana ^esaTbcoT mecTbecaT 
HH; Tbicaia aesaTbcoT raecTb- 
nepB|wii, -aa, -oe, -we one 

thousand nine hundred and sixty- 
first 
10000 flecaTb Twcaq; flecaTHTWcai- 

nji.iii, -aa, -oe, -we ten thousandth 
1000000 MHJIJIHOH; MHJIJIHOHH|WH, 

-aa, -oe, -we millionth 



1000000000 

H|WH, -aa, -oe, -we milliardth 

DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS, 
SEASONS, TIME-UNITS 

Days of the Week 

m. Monday 
m. Tuesday 
cpe^a /., pi. cpeAH Wednesday 
qeTBepr m., gen. Hexsepra Thursday 
naTHHii,a /. Friday 
cy66oTa /. Saturday 
BOCKpecenbe neut. Sunday 

Months 

aHBapb m., gen. HHBapH January 

(f)6Bpajib m., gen. (|>eBpajiH February 

MapT m. March 

anpejib m. April 

iaii m. May 

iiMnib m. June 

UMJ. 1 1, m. July 

asrycT m. August 

ceHTa5pb m., gen. ceHiaSpH Septem- 

ber 

OKTaSpb m., gen. OKTHOpn October 
HOa6pb m., gen. HOflSpH November 
AeKa6pb m., gen. ,o;eKa6pH December 

Seasons 

uecna /. spring 
JICTO neut. summer 
ocenb /. autumn 
3HMa /. winter 

Time-Units 



/. second 
/. minute 

iac m., pi. nacbi, Ha COB hour 
rofl m., prepos. B ro^y & o ro#e; gen. 

pi. JICT year 
BCK m., pi. Bena century 

COLOURS 

6eji|wH, -aa, -oe, -we white 
rojiy6|6fi, -aa, -oe. -we light-blue 
vKejixIbiii, -aa, -oe, -we yellow 
3e.ien|wH, -aa, -oe, -we green 
KpacHJWH, -aa, -oe, -we red 
KopM'ineB|biii, -aa, -oe, -we brown 
JIHJIOB|WH, -aa, -oe, -we lilac 
opanHeB|biif, -aa, -oe, -we orange 
po3OB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we pink 
CHH|HU, -aa, -ee, -He blue 



174 



cepibifi, -aa, -oe, -we grey 
cBeiMlbiH, -an, -oe, -we light 
T( : Miijuii. -an, -oe, -we dark 
<f>HOJieTOB(wii, -an, -oe, -we violet 
qepHJwu, -an, -oe, -we black 

PARTS OF THE BODY 

ro.iosa /., ace. rojioey, pi. TOJIOBM, 

roJiOB, rojiOBaM, etc. head 
mea /. neck 

mieqo neut., pi. HJICHH shoulder 
rpyju> /., prepos. na rpy/jii chest 
crmna /., ace. crn'my, pi. cnirabi back 
6oK m., pi. ooKa side 
JKHBOT m., gen. >KHBOTa stomach 
pyKa/., ace. pyny, pi. pynnhand, arm 
/. palm 

m., gen. JIOKTH, gen. pi. JIOK- 
T6H elbow 

m., gen. KyjiaKa fist 
Hora /., ace. nory, pi. HOFH foot, leg 
KOJieHO neut., pi. KOJieHH knee 
na.ieu, m., gen. najibija finger, toe 
Horojb m., gen. Horrfl, gen. pi. HOF- 

TCH nail 

cepaue neut., pi. cep^na heart 
jierKoe neut., pi. JierKne lung 
>KejiyAOK m., gen. jKeJiy^na stomach 
BOJiocbi pi., gen. pi. BOJIOC hair 
yxo neut., pi. ymn, ymen ear 
jio6 m., gen. Ji6a forehead 
HOC m., pi. HOCH nose 
rjias m., pi. rjiaaa eye 

/., gen. pi. 6pOB6H eyebrow 

/. eyelash 
/ pl- me'KH cheek 
pox m., gen. pia mouth 
ry5a /., pl. ry6bi lip 
ay5 m., ^e/i. pl. 3y6oB tooth 
BHCOK m., gen. BHCKa temple 
H3biK m., gen. H3MKa tongue 
noAoopo^oK m., gen. nojjSopOAKa chin 
yc m., pl. VCLI moustache 
saTbi.ioK m., gen. aaTHJma back [of 

the head 

6opoaa /., ace. Gopo^y, pl. 66pojjH, 
beard 



TRAITS OF CHARACTER AND 
MAN'S QUALITIES 



-an, -oe, -we painstak 



ng 



aKTHBH|wu, -afl, -oe, -we active 
6ecnoK6iiH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we restless 



6oAp|wu, -afl, -oe, -we cheerful 
uevK.iHB|biii, -afl, -oe, -we polite 
Bece'ji|wu v -afl, -oe, -we gay 
BHHMaTejibHJwu, -an. -oe, -we atten- 
tive 

reHHa:ibn|biii. -a, -oe, -we of genius 
rjiyn|bii1, -aa, -oe, -we stupid 
r6pA|biii, -afl, -oe, -we proud 
rpy6|w3, -afl, -oe, -we rude, coarse 
;joop|biii, -afl, -oe, -we kind 
HcaAHlwu, -afl, -oe, -we stingy 
;KecT6K|Hii, -afl, -oe, -ne cruel 
uaooT.iHBlwii. -an, -oe, -we solicitous 
3aayMinu|biii. -afl, -oe, -we thought- 
ful 

HCKpeHHJHH, -flfl, -ee, -ne frank, sin- 
cere 

.lacKOBjbiii, -afl, -oe, -we affectionate 
.I/KHB|WM, -afl, -oe, -we untruthful 
:ierKOMific.ieiiii|wii. -afl, -oe, -we 

light-headed 

jieHHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we lazy 
JIOBK|HH, -afl, -oe, -HC adroit 
:noooiiwTii|wii. -afl, -oe, -we curious 
jiio6o3HaTejibH|biH. -afl, -oe, -we in- 

quisitive 

MVAplwii, -an, -oe, -we wise 
MyHecTBeeH|wii, -an, -oe, -we coura- 
geous 

nacToii'iHBlbiii. -a, -oe, -we persis- 
tent 

He-/KH|wii, -afl, -oe, -we gentle 
HepBH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we nervous 
ocTOpoCH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we careful 
ocxpoyMH|biif, -afl, -oe, -we witty 
npaBHHB|WH, -afl, -oe. -we truthful 
p6oK|nii, -afl, -oe, -ne timid 
pacceflHH|wif, -afl, -oe, -we absent- 
minded 

caMo.iiooHivwii. -afl, -oe, -we touchy 
caMoyBepeHH|wii, -afl, -oe, -we self- 
opinionated 

cepbe'3ii|wH, -an, -oe, -we serious 
cKpoMHlwii, -afl, -oe, -we modest 
CMejilwu, -aa, -oe, -we courageous 
cnoKOHH|WH, -afl, -oe, -we quiet, 

calm 

cnoc66H|wH, -afl, -oe, -we capable 
cnpaBeHJiHB|biii, -aa, -oe, -we just 
cTapaTCJibHlwii, -afl, -oe, -we assid- 
uous 

cTpaiiii|wii . -aa, -oe, -we strange, queer 
CTpor|HH, -aa, -oe, -ne exacting, 

strict 

cypOB|wg, -aa, -oe, -we severe 
Ta.iaeT.iHB|biH. -aa, -oe, -we talented 



175 



, -an, -oe, -we cowardly 
\Mii|biH, -aa, -oe, -we clever 
\np/iM|biii. -aa, -oe, -we stubborn 
xHTpjwH, -aa, -oe, -we sly, cunning 
xpa6p|wH, -an, -oe, -we brave 
qecTH|wH, -an, -oe, -we honest 
me,up|bin, -aa. -oe, -we generous 
3HeprH<iH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we energetic 



THE FAMILY 

pl'. t gen. pojuaxejieii parents 

oxen; m., gen. oxn.a father 

MaTb /., gen., dat., prepos. MaxepH, 
instr. Maxepjbio; pi. MaxepH, Maxe- 
pen, MaxepaM, etc. mother 

CWH m., pi. CLiHOBba, cbiHOBen son 

#oqb /., gen., dat., prepos. AO^epn, 
instr. flonepbio; pi. ^OHepn, flone- 
pen, ffo^epaM, jjoqepbMii daughter 

6pax m., pi. 6paxba, Spaxtes brother 

cecxpa /., pi. cecxpbi, cecxep, ce- 
cxpaM, etc. sister 

poflCTBCHHHKH pi. relatives 

fleflyniKa m., gen. pi. jjeflymeK grand- 
father 

6a6ymKa /., gen. pi. 6a6ymeK grand- 
mother 

BHVK m. grandson 

BHyqica /., gen. pi. BHyqeK grand- 
daughter 

AHffa m. uncle 

Texa /. aunt 

m. nephew 
/. niece 
6paT m. cousin 
cecTpa /. cousin 



CLOTHES, FOOTWEAR, 
LINEN 



neut., indecl. overcoat 
my6a /. fur coat 
njiain^m., gen. njiama raincoat 
KOCTIOM m. suit, costume 
6pK>KH no sing, trousers 
Tpycw no sing, shorts 
nH^HcaK m., gen. nnji;>KaKa jacket, coat 
pySamKa /., gen. pi. py6ameK shirt 
rajicTyK m. tie 
CBHrep m. sweater, pull-over 
m. jumper 
/. pyjamas 
m. dressing-gown, housecoat 



IIOCKH pl. t sing. HOCOK m., gen. HOCKa 

socks 

mjiana /. hat 

inanKa /., gen. pi. manoK cap 
map4> m. scarf 

pi., gen. nepnaxon; sing. 
nepnaxna /. gloves 

neut. dress 
H)6Ka /., gen. pi. i66oK skirt 

/., gen. pi. 6Jiy30K blouse 
/. jacket 
m. jacket 

pi., gen. nyjioK; sing. qyjioK 
m., gen. qyjiKa stockings 
OOTMHKH pi., gen. SOXHHOK; sing. 60- 

XHHOK m., gen. ooxHHKa boots 
Ty^)jra pi., gen. pi. xy<|>eJib; sing. 

xy(|)Jia /. shoes 

ra.ionin pi., sing, rajioma /. galoshes 
66xw pi. overshoes 
6ocoHOHCKB pi., gen. 6ocoHo>KeK; sing. 

6ocoHo>KKa /. sandals 
TanoMKH pi., gen. xano^eK; sing, xa- 

no^Ka /. slippers 

(a n or H pi., gen. canor; sing, cauor m., 
gen. canora riding boots, high- 
boots 

pi., gen. BaJienoK; sing. Ba- 
m., gen. BaneHKa felt boots 
BOPOTHHK m., gen. BOpoxnHKa collar 
pyKaB m., gen. pyKasa, pi. pyKasa 

sleeve 

noac m., pi. noaca belt 
KapMan m. pocket 
iiyroRima /. button 
mnypoK m., gen. ninypKa lace, shoe- 
lace 

iip>r,KKa /., gen. pi. npajKen buckle 
ofleajio neut. blanket, quilt 
cKaxepTb /., gen. pi. CKaxepxen table- 
cloth 

ca:i(|)eTKa /., gen. pi. cajuJexoK nap- 
kin 

m. quilt cover 
/., gen. pi. noAymeK pillow, 
cushion 
npocTWHH /., pi. npocxbiHH, npo- 

cxbiHb, npocxbinaM bedsheet 
iiaBo.ioqKa /., gen. pi. HaBOJioqen 

pillow-case 

nojioTenqe neut., gen. pi. noJioxenen 
towel 

axoR m., gen. njiaxna scarl; 
HocoBoii njiaTOK handkerchief 

neut., no pi. underwear; linen 
underwear 



176 



ARTICLES OF TOILET 

MbiJio neut., no pi. soap 
3 \6naH nacxa /. toothpaste 
Kpe&i AJIH SpnxbH shaving cream 
ayftnoii nopomoK m., gen. nopomKa 

toothpowder 
ryoiian no&iaAa lipstick 
mexKa /., gew. pi. mexoK brush; 

1. syonasi merKa toothbrush, 

2. njeTKa ffJIfl BOJIOC (OA&KAbI, 

OOVBII) hairbrush (clothes-brush, 

shoe-brush) 
pacHecKa colloq. /., ge/z. pi. pac^ecoK 

comb 
sepnajio neut., pi. aepKajia, aepKa;i 

looking-glass 
opuToa /. razor 

Ayxii no sing., gen. Ayxos perfume 
OAeKOJion m. eau-de-Cologne 
nyApa /. powder 
KpeM m. cream 



THE HOUSE AND ITS PARTS 

AOM m., pi. AOMa house 

3AaHHe m?ui. building 

iioMemenHe neut. premises 

axaw m., gen. sTawa floor, storey 

no.n'beaA w. entrance 

KBapTHpa /. flat 

KopnAop m. passage 

KOMiiaxa /. room 

aa;i m. hall 

KaoHnex m. study 

KyxHfl /., gen. pi. KyxoHb kitchen 

/., gen. pi. cnaJieu bedroom 
/. dining-room 
/. bathroom 
m. balcony 
Kpwraa /. roof 

xpySa /., pi. Tpy6H chimney 
;iH(J)T m. lift 
jiecTiiniia /. staircase 
nepHJia no sing, railings 
ABepb /., gen. pi. aBepefi door 
OKHO neut., pi. OKHa, OKOH, 

window 
noji m., prepos. Ha nojiy, pi. 

floor 

noxojioK m., gen. noiojiKa ceiling 
cxena /., ace. CTCHy, pi. cxeRti wall 
DOAOKOHHHK m. window-sill 
saMOK m., gen. aaMKa lock, padlock 
KJiioq m., gen. KJiroia key 



FURNITURE 

CTOJI m., gen. ciojia table 
cxyji m., pi. cxyjibH chair 
niKacj) m., prepos. B mna^y & o niKa- 

<$&, pi. mKa<|)u cupboard, wardrobe 
Kim/KHbiH ULJKa(j) m. bookcase 
6y4>eT m. buffet, dresser 
cepeaHT m. sideboard 
Annan m. divan 

Kpecjio neut., gen. pi. Kpeceji armchair 
KpoeaTb /. bed 
Tyn6oqKa /., gen. pi. TyM6o^eK bed- 

side table 
BemajiKa /., gen. pi. BemajiOK hanger 

PLATES, DISHES, ETC. 



., gen. pi. japenoK plate 
cxanan m. glass, tumbler 
MauiKa /., gen. pi. ^ameK cup 
6jnoAn;e neut., gen. pi. Gjno^eu saucer 
BHJiKa /., gen. pi. BHJIOK fork 
no/KKa /., gen. pi. JIOJK6K spoon 
noa m., gen. noma knife 
Kacxpi&jiii /. sauce-pan 
cKOBOpOAa /., pi. CKOBOpOAH frying- 

pan 

noAnoc m. tray 
MaiiiiHK m. teapot, teakettle 
KpyncKa /., gen. pi. KpyweK mug 
KVBmnn m. jug 
oaiih-a /., gen. pi. 6aHOK jar 
GyThJJiKa /., gen. pi. 6yTHJiOK bottle 
sasa /. vase 
rpaAnii m. carafe 
ooKaji m. wine-glass 
pioMKa /., gen. pi. pioMOK liqueur 

glass 

FOOD-STUFFS 

xjie6 m. bread 

MacJio neut., no pi.: c.iHBOMiioe MacJio 

butter, pacTHTejibnoe MacJio oil 
jriiuo neut., pi. HHna, HHU egg 
cwp m., pi. CBipH cheese 
CJiHBKn pi. cream 
cMexaiia /., no pi. sour cream 
THOpor m., no pi. cottage cheese 
KC<|>HP m., no pi. kefir 
MOJIOKO neut., no pi. milk 
MHCO neut., no pi. meat 
pbifta /. fish 
KoncepBbi pi. preserves 



177 



KOJiOaea /. sausage 
rop'inua /. mustard 
nepeu m., gen. nepn;a pepper 
cojifa /., no pi. salt 
Kpyna /., pi. Kpynti groats 
caxap m., no pi. sugar 
/. sweet 

neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits 
Bapenbe neut. jam 
inoKOJiaA m., no pi. chocolate 
Mefl m., no pi. honey 
MOpoJKenoe neut., gen. MOpojKenoro, 

no pi. ice-cream 
nnp&KHoe neut., gen. nnpoHmoro, pi. 

nnpojKHbie fancy cake 
BHHO neut., pi. Bima wine 
BO^Ka /. vodka 

Dishes 

a) BsmerpeT m. Russian salad 
HKpa /., no pi. caviare 

cejibflb /., gen. pi. cejib^en herring 
cajiaT m. salad 

b) SyjibOH m. broth 

cyn m., pi. cynw soup 

me pl-, no sing, men, njaM, maMH, 

(o) max cabbage soup 
Goptu; m., gen. 6opma borsch 

(beetroot soup) 
paccojibHHK m. soup with pickled 

cucumbers, capers, etc. 
jianma /., no pi. noodle soup 

c) 6H<jrarreKc m. beefsteak 
ryjiflra m. goulash 
KOTJiexa /. rissole, cutlet 

m. rumpsteak 
/., no pi. liver 

pi. cottage-cheese pan- 
cakes 

m. schnitzel 
[-mn-] /. fried eggs 

d) MaicapoHbi pi. macaroni 
Kama /. cereal pudding 
pnc m., no pi. rice 

e) KaKao neut. indecl. cocoa 
K0(|)e m., indecl. coffee 
qaii m., no pi. tea 
KOMOOT m. stewed fruit 

m., gen. KHcejia thin (fruit) 
jelly 

Fruit, Berries, Vegetables 



m. orange 
6anan m. banana 
rpyma /. pear 
JIHMOH m. lemon 



m. tangerine 
nepcHK m. peach 
>i6:iOKO neut., pi. nSjiOKH, gen. a6jiOK 

apple 

BHHorpa^ m> grapes 
MOpKOBb /., no pi. carrots 
orypeii; m., gen. orypn;a cucumber 
noMH^op m. tomato 
BHIUHH /., gen. pi. BHuien cherry 
KJiySnHKa /., no pi. strawberries 
cjiHBa /. plum 
qeperana /., gen. pi. Hepemen sweet 

cherry 

ap6ys m. water-melon 
AWHH /. melon 
repox m., no pi. peas 
KanycTa /., no pi. cabbage 
KapTO<f>eJib m., no pi. potatoes 
JIVK m., no pi. onion(s) 
CBeKJia /., no pi. beetroot 
pejjHC m., no pi. radishes 
pejjHCKa /., colloq. radishes 

/., no pi. French beans 



m. apricot 
ananac m. pineapple 



PLANTS 
Trees 

Sepeaa /. birch 

3y6 m., pi. Ay6H, -OB oak 

ejib /. fir-tree 

lisa /. willow 

Kejjp m. cedar 

KJieH m. maple 

ocMiia /. aspen 

najibMa /. palm 

cocna /., pi. COCHLI, COCCH pine-tree 

Flowers 

acxpa /. aster 

m., gen. BacHJibKa corn- 
flower 

m. lily-of-the-valley 

Man m. poppy 

iieaaGyffKa /., gen. pi. neaaGyflOK 
forget-me-not 

(fmajiKa /., gen. pi. <|>HaJiOK violet 

poMamKa /., gen. pi. poManieK daisy 

posa /. rose 



178 



Cereals 

Kyicypyaa /., no pi. maize 
OBC'C ra., gen. oeca oats 
ninemiua /., no pi. wheat 
poJKb /., gen. p?KH, no pi. 
pec m., no pi. rice 



rye 



ANIMALS AND BIRDS 
Wild Animals 

BOJIK m., gen. pi. BOJIKOB wolf 
esK m., gen. e>Ka hedgehog 
aanu; m., gw. aaana hare 
KpoKOAHJi m. crocodile 
JICB m., gen. jibsa lion 
jmca /., pi. JIHCH fox 
MeABe^b m. bear 
o6esbflHa /. monkey, ape 
CJIOH m., gen. cjiona elephant 
THrp m. tiger 
Mepenaxa /. tortoise 

Domestic Animals 

Bepojiroa m. camel 
BOJI m., gen. BOJia ox 
Koaa /., pi. K03H goat 

KODOBa /. COW 

KomKa /., gen. pi. KOineK cat 
Jioma^b /., gen. pi. Jiomaflen horse 
oBii,a /., pi. oBiiiLi, OBen; sheep 
oceji m., gen. ocjia donkey 
coGana /. dog 

CBHHbfl /., pi. CBHHbH, CBHH6H pig 

Birds 

Bopo6eH m., gen. sopoSbH sparrow 
BopoHa /. crow 



rojiySb m., gen. pi. roJiyCen pigeon, 

dove 

rycb m., gen. pi. rycen goose 
HH3,R)K m., gen. HH^iOKa turkey 
Kypiiua /., pi. Kypti hen 
Jie6effi> m., gew. pi. jie6efl6H swan 
ope'ji m., gen. opjia eagle 
nonyraii m. parrot 
naBJiiiH m. pea-cock 
cxpayc m. ostrich 
yTKa /., gew. pi. y-roK duck 



CHEMICAL ELEMENTS 

aaoT m. nitrogen 
ajHOMHHHH m. aluminium 
6poM m. bromine 
>po* m. hydrogen 
IH m. helium 
neut. iron 
3OJIOTO neut. gold 
uon m. iodine 
Ka.inii m. potassium 
cepa /. sulphur 
cepeSpo neut. silver 
CTpomjHii m. strontium 
CBHHeu, m., gen. CBHHija lead 
>p6A m. oxygen 
/. copper 
m. sodium 
m. nickel 
OJIOBO neut. tin 
paAnii m. radium 
pryrb /. mercury 
yrjiepofl m. carbon 
\puii m. uranium 
4>6c(|>op m. phosphorus 
x^op m. chlorine 



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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY 



Anpilogova, B. G. 

Essential Russian-English 
dictionary 





UBRASW 



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