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It 

ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J., 


ILLUSTRATED. 


A    SOUVENIR, 


IN  WHICH  IS  PRESENTED  A  BRIEF  SKETCH  OF  THE  EARLY  SETTLEMENT  OF  ESSEX  COUNTY.  SHOWING 
ITS    STEADY    GROWTH    AND    DEVELOPMENT    AS    AN    INDUSTRIAL    CENTRE,    WITH    THE 
NATURAL  AND  UNSURPASSED  ADVANTAGES  ITS  LOCATION  OFFERS  TO  THOSE 
WHO  ARE  SEEKING  FOR  DESIRABLE  MANUFACTURING  SITES,  OR 
ELEGANT    HOME    LOCATIONS.     PROFUSELY    ILLUS- 
TRATED   WITH     VIEWS    OF,    AND    IN 
NEWARK,  THE  LEADING  CITY 
OF  NEW  JERSEY. 


DESIGNEE)    BY    PETER   J     LEARV. 


PUBLISHED    WITH    THE    CO-OPERATION    OF    CITIZENS, 


Newark,  N.  J. 
PRESS  OF  L.  J.  HARDHAM. 

1897. 


<, 


Acknowledgments. 


Photographs  represent  ever\  stuiHo  in  this  city,  and 
are  principally  by  William  F.  Cone,  Esq. 

Engravings  by  the  Hagopian  Photo-Engraving 
Co.,  3  Great  Jones  street,  New  York  City  ;  THE  SCHUETZ 
Photu-Engraving  Co.,  and  Seebeck  Brothers, 
Photo-Engravers  and  Electrotypers,  of  Beeknian  and 
William  streets.  New  York  City. 

The  work  was  written  by  Dr.  M.  H.  C.  Vail. 

Composition,  Press  Work  and  Binding  by  L.  J. 
Hardham,  243-245  Market  street. 


'  Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1895,  by  Petek  J.   Leary, 
ill  the  of^k-e  of  ilie  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C." 


Preface. 


#^-'gi|2^1  H  K  OBJECT  of  the  designer  in  presenting  this  Souvenir  is  to  attract  the 
attention  of  those  who  are  seeking  for  desirable  homes  or  manufacturing 
sites,  to  the  natural  and  unsurpassed  advantages,  as  well  as  to  some  of  the 
characteristic  features  of  Essex  County.  N.  J.  A  Newark  mechanic  himself, 
he  felt  a  personal  pride  in  producing  a  work  above  reproach  that  would  bear 
inspection  antl  meet  with  the  approval  of  his  fellow-citizens.  The  projector, 
during  the  prosecution  of  the  work,  was  received  and  shown  the  utmost  cour- 
tesy by  all  classes  of  the  people,  to  whose  generosity  and  material  assistance  its  completion  is 
mainly  due.  The  illustrations  present  natural  and  life-like  views  of  the  Streets.  Parks, 
Churches,  Charitable  Institutions,  Academies,  Colleges,  Schools,  Public  Buildings,  Newspapers, 
Manufacturing  Plants,  Stores,  Residences  and  portraits  of  some  well-known  and  highly 
respected  citizens.  A  brief  historical  sketch  is  given  and  an  account  of  the  wonderful  growth 
and  development  of  the  numerous  interests  that  in  the  past  have,  and  are  now,  contributing  to 
make  the  County  of  Essex  great,  wealthy  and  famous.  We  trust  that  the  succeeding  pages 
may  be  found  filled  with  useful  and  interesting  information  adapted  to  the  object  in  view. 


Dr.  M.  H.  C.  Vail, 

EniTOR-lN-CHIEF. 


THB     INDEX. 


OKNERAL   DIVISIONS. 


PAGE. 

Introductory. 

1-8 

Historical, 

-  9-40 

Church  Hisiorv.    - 

-    41-6S 

Charitable  Instii  u  i  ions. 

68-72 

Educational.    - 

73-'-o 

Government,  - 

121-1 60 

Press.          -       -       -        - 

161-172 

Industries.  Eic,    - 

173-266 

THE     INDE>C     TO 
SUBJECTS. 

INTRODUCTORY. 

Title  Page,     -  -         -  -  - 

Ackiiowledgenienls  and  Cupvrighl. 
Preface,  _         -         -         -         - 

Table  of  Contents.     - 

HISTORICfi.1- 

Ambassador  Runyon's  Death. 

A  Daring  Adventure, 

Artesian  Wells,  .        -        -        - 

Brancfi  Brook. 

Capt.  Samuel  F.  Waldron,  - 

Col.  Isaac  M.  Tucker, 

Corporal  James  Marshall,    - 

Essex  County  Roads  and  Avenues, 

Essex  County  Quarries, 

Essex  County  in  the  Revolution. 

Essex  County  in  the  War  of  '61-65, 

Essex  County  was  Loyal,    - 

First  Settlement,      -        -        - 

Fort  Runyon.      -         -         -         - 

Gen.  'I  hcndore  Runyon, 

Gen.  I'hil.  Kearny, 

Gen.  William  Ward. 

Gen.  George  B.  McClellan. 

Geography  and  Topography.  11-12 

History  of  Essex  County.    - 

Jersey  Blues,    -         -         -         - 

Major  David  A.  Ryerson.    - 

Orange  Gets  Water, 

Passaic  Supply,  -        -         -        - 

Pequannock,  -    -    -    - 

Slavery  in  Essex  County.     - 

Such  is  Fate,  -        -         -         - 

The  Acreage  of  EL.ssex. 

The  Affair  at  Lyons  Farms.     - 

The  First  Decliiation  of  Independc 

The  Iro(|uois  and  Delavvares, 

The  New  Jersey  Brigade, 

Trap  Rock,  .        -        -         - 

Water  Supply, 


J 

4-8 

35-36 

28-29 

21 

-     20 

39 

38-39 

39 

17 

14-16 

21-26 

29-30 

30-31 

10- 1 1 

36-37 

3'-35 

37-38 

39-40 

40 

-i3->4 

9-10 

26-27 

39 

21 

20-21 

-     21 

18-19 

-     38 

13 

27-28 

nee.  28 

>3 

-     3' 

16-17 

19-20 

CHURCH  HISTORY. 

PAGE. 

Centenary  M.  K.  Church.  -         -     59 

Church  of  Our  Lady  of  .\lt.  Caniiel.  62 
Emanuel  German  M.  E.  Church.  48-49 
Emanuel  Ref.  Episcopal  Church,  55-56 
Fifth  Baptist  Church.  -  -  -  59 
First  Presbyterian  Church.  -  4'-44 
General  Article  on  Churches,  •  66-68 
Grace  English  Lutheran  Church.  57 

Introductory,  -  -  -  -  41 
Irvington  M.  E.  Church.  -  -  58-59 
Park  Presbyterian  Church,  -  -  44-45 
Reformed  Dutch  Church,  -         51-52 

Religious  Freedom,     -        -        -  64 

Second  German  Baptist  Church,  56-57 
Second  Presbyterian  Church,  -  47-48 
Sixth  Presbyterian  Church,  -  45-47 
South  Baptist  Church,  -  -  52-53 
St.  Aloysius'  R.  C.  Church,  -  -  65 
St.  Bridget's  R.  C.  Church.  -  -  65 
St.  James'  R.  C.  Church.  -         -     63 

St.  John's  R.  C.  Chuich.  -  -61-62 
St.John's  German  Lutheran  Church.  57-5S 
St.  Paul's  M.  E.  Church,  -  -  49-3' 
St.  Stephen's  German  Evan.  Church.  52 
The  First  German  Baptist  Church.  54 
The  New  York  Ave.  Ref.  Church,  -  53 
Third  German  Presbyterian  Church,  49 
Trinity  Church.  -  -  -  -  60 
Trinity  Reformed  Church.  -         -     54-55 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

Boys'  Lodging  House,      -         -         -  7' 

City  Hospital.  -  -  -  -  70 
Essex  Co.  Hospital  fortiie  Insane.  123-124 

Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,        -        -  71 

Home  for  Incurables,         -        -  71 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd.       -  71 

Newark  Female  Charitable  Society.  71 

Newark  Orphan  .\sylum.  -  -  71 
St.  Barnabas'  Hospital,    -         -        68-69 

St.  James'  Hospital,      -        -        -  70 

St.  Mary's  Orphan  Asylum.      -         -  7' 

St.  Michael's  Hospital.           -         -  70 

St.  Peter's  Orphan  Asylum,      -         -  7> 

St.  Vincent's  Home  for  Bojs,        -  71 

The  Foster  Home,  -         -        -         -  71 

The  German  Hospital,           -         -  70 

The  Home  of  the  Friendless,  -  -  70 
The  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  71 

The  Krueger  Pioneer  Home.         -  71 

The  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor.           -  71 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

Anderson,  Dr.  Henry  J  ,        -         117-118 


PAciK. 

Barringer,  William  N.,  -  -  M.t-115 
Beacon  Street  School,  -         -         98 

Bergen  Street  School.  -  -  -  99 
Burnet  Street  School.  -         -     So-81 

Camden  Street  School,  -  -  -  87 
Cutts,  U.  "V\' .,  -  -  -  -  115 
Eighteenth  .Avenue  School,  -  -  83 
Extract  from  Supt.'s  Report,  1895,  87-8S 
Fifteenth  Avenue  School,  -  -  76 
Gay,  William  A.,  -         -         -       117 

General  School  Article,       90-97,  10S-116 


Green  St.  German-English  School 
German  and  English  School   Gov- 
ernment, -         -         - 
Hamburg  Place  School, 
Hawkins  Street  School, 
Introductory  School  History, 
Newton  Street  School,     - 
North  Seventh  Street  School, 
Oliver  Street  School. 
South  Market  Street  School. 
South  Street  School. 
St.  Ann's  School, 
St.  Augustine's  School,    - 
St.  Benedict's  School, 
St.  Benedict's  College,     - 
St.  James'  School,     -         -         - 
St.  John's  School. 
St.  Joseph's  School, 
St.  Mary's  Academy,    - 
St.  Marv  Magdalen's  School,    - 
St.  Patrick's  School, 


■         98 

100 

78 

-   S4 

73-76 

-  89 
89-90 

-  86 

-  84 

-  87 
99 

-  99 
98-99 

-  103 
102 
102 

I 18-1 19 

-  105 

-  119 

-  118 

St.  Peter's  School,  -  -  -  99-118 
St.  \'incent's  Academy.  -  -  105 
Thirteenth  .Avenue  School.  -  -  79 
Twelfth  Ward  German  English  School,  97 
The  Blum  Street  German-English 

School,  -  -  -  -  99-100 
The  Borough  of  \'ailsburg,  -  -  118 
The  Coleman  Nat.  Business  College,  106 
The  "  Franklin  "  School,  -  -  84-85 
The  German-English  Presbyterian 

School,  -----  99 
The  Newark  High  School,  -         107 

The  Newark  St.  German-English 

School,  -  -  -  -  97-98 
The  Newark  Business  College,  -  104 
The  Newark  Free  Public  Library,  1  19-1  20 
The  Newark  Technical  School,  -  1 20 
The  Normal  School.  -  -  -  77 
The  Township  School  System,  116-117 
Walnut  Street  School,  -  -  -  85 
Warren  Street  School,         -  107-108 

Washington  Street  School,  -  -  82 
Waverly  Avenue  School,     -         -         lor 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


ESSEX  COUNTY  GOVERNMENT. 


P.'iGE. 

Bassett,  Allen  L..     - 

35- 

36 

Connolly,  James  F., 

33- 

34 

Coursen,  R.  R., 

- 

31 

Dill,  Dr.  D.  M.. 

30 

p'leniing,  James  E.,     - 

35 

llanley,  John  J.,     - 

31- 

32 

Haussling,  Jacob,        -         -         - 

34 

Hawkins,  W.  W.,  - 

- 

32 

Haynes,  Joseph  E.,     - 

'3^-1 

33 

Haynes,  George  D., 

- 

33 

Hood,  Louis,       -         .         - 

129- 

30 

Inlrofluction,            -         _         - 

121- 

23 

Judge  D.  A.  De])ue,     - 

126- 

27 

I'arker,  R.  Wayne, 

- 

35 

Prosecutor's  Office,     -        -         - 

29 

Road  Board  Committee, 

- 

28 

Scales  Timothy,           -         .         - 

30 

The  Board  of  Trade,      - 

135- 

36 

The  Courts  of  Essex  Couniy, 

1=4- 

26 

The  Post  Office,     - 

- 

32 

Ure,  William  A.,         -        -        - 

36 

Wilhelm.  George,  -         -         - 

- 

3' 

NEWARK    CITY    GOVERNMENT. 

Astley,  William  C,     - 

55 

Bosch,  Adam,         -         -         - 

- 

57 

Brown,  Horace  H.,     - 

56 

Brown,  William  H., 

- 

.58 

Fire  Commissioners,  - 

159- 

60 

Godber,  William,  - 

- 

56 

Greathead,  William  E  . 

'57- 

158 

Hamlin,  James  V., 

- 

158 

Kierstead,  Robert,      -        -         - 

156 

Mayors  of  Newark, 

144- 

148 

Newark  Board  of  Health,  - 

150 

Newark  CityGovernment,  137-143. 

150- 

152 

Pequannock  Water, 

'53- 

154 

Police  of  Newark,    -         -         - 

■  48- 

149 

Price,  Lewis  ^L,  - 

- 

157 

Sloan,  Joseph  E„     - 

158 

The  Fire  Department, 

'55- 

,56 

The  Salvage  Corps, 

160 

Thorn,  John  B.,    - 

- 

157 

Voight,  H.  L„            -         -        - 

'57 

THE  PRESS. 

Holbrook.  Albert  ^L.      - 

- 

17' 

New  Jersey  Deutsche  Zeitung,     - 

'65 

New  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung, 

163 

New  Jersey's  Great  Sunday  Paper 

164 

Orange  Sonntagsblatt,    - 

- 

168 

The  Newark  Daily  Advertiser.     - 

161 

The  Newark  Evening  News, 

- 

162 

The  Newark  Ledger, 

170 

The  Newark  Pioneer,     - 

- 

166 

The  Orange  Volksbote, 

167 

Town  Talk,  Illustrated, 

- 

169 

INDUSTRIAL,  ETC. 

Ahearn,  James,       -         -         - 

., 

262 

Alsdorf,  E.  &  Co.,      - 

263 

Bernauer.  August, 

- 

237 

Bird.  William  A., 


Blair,  Robert, 
Booth,  Hubert,  - 
Bowers,  Philip  J.  &  Co., 
Brierley,  Joshua. 
Brown,  Charles  J., 
Buchlein,  H.,       -         -         - 
Burkhardt,  Andrew  H  .     - 
Chapman,  C.  Durand,     - 
Clark,  Joseph  P., 
Clayton  &  Hoff  Co., 
Connolly,  Thomas,  H., 
Cressey,  Thomas, 
Dejong  &  Steiger, 
Demarest,  N.  J.  &  Co..  - 
Dixon  &  Rip|)el, 
Dowling,  J.  P.  &  Son,     - 
Dunn,  Walter  P.. 
Duncan,  Charles  B., 
Drake  &  Co.,      - 
Edwards,  F.  C, 
Eisele  &  King,    -         -         - 
Ely,  John  H.  &  Wilson  C, 
Engelberger  &  Barkhorn.    - 
Engelhorn,  F.  &  Son, 
Erb,  G.  L.,  -        -        - 

Faitoute,  J.  B., 
Felder,  Louis  A., 
Finter  Bros., 
Finter  &  Co  ,      - 
Forest  Hill  Association, 
Freeborn  G.  Smith.     - 
Freudenthal  &  Adler.     - 
Gahr,  Jacob,        -         -         - 
Gless,  A.  J  ,  - 
Gray,  Thomas  J  , 
Gregory,  John. 
Haley  &  Slaight, 
Hamilton,  William  F.,    - 
Harrigan,  William, 
Harburger.  Joseph, 
Hassinger,  I'eter. 
Healy,  George, 
Heilman,  C.  W., 
Heller  &  Bros.,       - 
Historical  Review, 
Hill's  Union  Brewery  Co  , 
Hinde,  Arthur, 
Hine,  Edwin  F.,     - 
Hooper  cS:  Co.,    -         -         - 
Hobbis,  H.  v.. 
Hunt.  John  O.,    - 
Jacobs,  Walter  C, 
Jacobi,  William, 
Kaas,  Adam, 
Kearns.  William  J.,     - 
Kearsing  Manufacturing  Co., 
Klemm,  Henry  C 
Kronenberger,  J.  J., 
L.  Bamberger  &  Co., 
Logel,  Joseph, 
Logel,  William, 
Lyons,  Lewis  J.,     - 


■  259 
260 

-  252 
239 

-  204 
222 

213 

-  220 
216 

-  261 
205 

-  232 
250 
189 

233 

-  237 
216 

22  I 

174 

-  253 
203 

-  264 
191 

-  236 
236 

-  229 
204 

-  1S6 
196 

25-227 

247 

-  201 

23' 

-  208 
209 

-  242 

'99 

-  205 

13-214 

-  24' 
18-219 

-  260 
236 
190 

77-1S5 

-  244 
224 

-  228 

251 

-  228 

2'3 

-  171 

259 

-  219 

235 

-  246 
260 

-  264 
210 

-  249 

22  T 

-  246 


3+ 


Maher  &  Flockhart,    - 
Marlatt.  James,       -         -         - 
McCabe,  Owen, 
McCarthy,  James  A.. 
Miller,  Philip,      - 
M.  &  M.  Cummings  &  Co..     - 
Muller,  J.  J.  Henry,     - 
Mullin,  W.  &  J.,   '- 
Mullin,  James  J., 
Munn.   F.  W., 
Mundy,  Joseph  S., 
Murray,  C.  C, 
Nathan,  David  B.,       - 
Nieder,  John,  -        -         -        . 

Old  Fashioned  Brewery, 
Peter,  Alfred,  -         -         .         . 

Perry,  Theodore.        -        -        . 
Photo  Engraving  and  Electrotyping. 
Poortman,  Adolph,     -         -         - 
Ouinn.  Miles  F.,     - 
Residence  of  Mr.  Engelberger.  - 
Reilly,  John.  -         -         .         . 

Ripley.  David  &  Sons. 
Rittenhouse,  Stacy  B.,    - 
Rodrigo,  John  A.,       -        -        - 
Russell,  C.  M.,       -        -        -         . 
R.  Walsh  &  Co., 
Scheller,  John  C,  - 
Schick.  John,       -         -         -         . 
Schill.  Otto  K..       -         -         -         . 
Schmidt  &  Son.  -         -         - 

Schoenig.  William  K..    - 
Schuetz,  Charles  J  ,     - 
Schwartz,  H.  E.,     - 
Slaight.  C.  H..     - 
Spielmann.  Strack  &  Co  . 
Steines,  A.,  -         -         -         . 

S.  Trimmer  &  Co.,  -        -        - 

Sutphen,  Joseph  S..     -         -         .. 
Ten  Eyck,  H.  Gallowav. 
The  A.  Ohl  Machine  Works, 
The  American  Building  Loan  and 
Savings  Ass'n  of  New  Jersey, 
The  Coach  Lamp  Manufacturing  Co. 
The  Cory-Heller  Wall  Paper  M'fg  Co.,  192 
The  End  of  All.  -        -        _         266 

The  E.  E.  HoganShoe  M'fg  Co.,  193-194 
The  Hagopian  Photo-Engraving  Co..  258 
The  Newark  Watch  Case  Material  Co, 
The  Prudential  Ins  Co..  of  America 
The  State  Banking  Company. 
Tompson,  F.  W..  -  -  .  . 
Van  Houten,  William  F.,  - 
Virtue,  Lincoln  A.,  -         -         - 


PAGE. 

'94 
209 

253 
246 
224 
256 
217 
237 

2'3 

-235 
250 

238 

'7' 
231 
240 
230 

259 

257 
241 

249 
224 

'97 

255 
229 

243 
188 
212 

21  1 
200 
229 

iq8 


--J 

262 
249 
221 

2'5 

243 
24S 

205 
232 
228 

245 

54 


187 
202 
■76 
214 
242 

210 


West  End  Land  Improvement  Co.,  206-207 


Weston,  Edward, 
White,  Frank  A.,  - 
Witzel,  H.  P.  &  Co.,    - 
Wisijohn,  Frank,    - 
Woodruff,  E.  B., 
Wolber,  Charles  &  Co.. 


'75 
262 

195 
209 
246 
'73 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


INTDE^C  XO    ILLXJSTPS-jPLTIOlSrS. 


PACE. 

Ann  Street  School.        -         -         -         76 
AthaXiHuglies'ofliceaiul  WaiL-iooms,  182 

B 

Halcluin   Hoinesteafi.     -         -         -  17 

Beacon  Street  Gennan-English  School,  99 
Bud's-eye  \'iew  of  the  City  of  New- 
ark, looking  Southwest— Frontispiece 

205 

184 

212 

80 


Borough  Hall,  Vailsburg, 
Building  of  John  Toler  Sons  &  Co., 
Building  of  R.  Walsh  &  Co., 
Burnet  Street  School,      -         -         - 

C 

Camden  Street  School, 

Centenary  M.  E.  Church, 

Central  Avenue  School, 

Charlton  Street  School,     -        -        - 

Chestnut  Street  School. 

Christian  Church,  Irvington.     - 

Church  of  our  Lady  of  Mt.  Carniel, 

Church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen, 

City  Home,  at  Verona,      -         -         - 

Coal  and  Wood  Yard  S.  Tiimmcr 

&  Co.,        ----- 
Commission  House  of  j.  I'.  Clarke, 
Coleman's  National  Business  College, 
Copy  of  old  Record,      -         -         - 
C.  Wolber  &  Co.,     -        -         -         - 

D 

Design  by  Seebeck  Bros.,     - 
Dixon  &  Rippel,     -         -         -         - 
Drake  S:  Co.,       -         -         -         - 
Dutch  Reformed  Church, 

E 

Eighteenth  Avenue  School, 
Elizabeth  Avenue  School, 
Emanuel  Reformed  Episcopal  Church, 
Emporium  L.  Bamberger  S;  Co., 
Engine  Co.,  No.  5,  N.  F.  D., 
Engine  Co.,  No.  8,  N.  F.  D..  - 
Engine  Co.  No.  9,  N.  F.  D., 
Engine  Co.  Xo.  11,  N.  F.  I^., 
Entrance  to  Free  I'ublic  Library, 
Essex  County  Court  House,     - 


88 
5' 

75 
96 
81 

53 
62 

67 
140 

248 
216 
106 
29 
173 

257 

233 

'74 

54 

83 

73 

55 

210 

'54 
■56 
156 
158 
120 
121 


Essex  County  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  124 

Establishment  of  W.  P.  Dunn,    -  216 

Eye  and  lOar  Infirmary,  -         -         -  72 

K 

Fifth  I5ai)tist  Church,  -  -  .  jg 
Fifteenth  Avenue  School,  -  -  76 
First  German  Baptist  Church,  -  54 
First  Presbyterian  Church.  -  -  41 
Forest  Hill  Presbyterian  Church,  -  69 
Forest  Hill  School,  -  -  .  ^7 
Foster  Home,  -  -  -  -  72 
Fourth  Precinct  Police  Station.  -  148 
Free  Public  Library,  -  -  -  72 
Furniture  House  J.  J.  Henry  Muller.  217 
F.  W.  Munn's  Cab  and  Coupe  Em- 
porium,            -         -         -         .  224 


PAGE. 

German  iM.  E.  Church,  -  -  50 
German  Newspapers,  -  -  -  172 
Grace  Evangelical  English  Luther- 
an Church,  -  -  -  -  51 
Green  Street  German-English  School,  1 1  5 
Group  of  Leather  Manufacturers,  34 
Group  of  Essex  County  Citizens,     -  131 

Haley  &  Slaight.  Cigar  Works.        -  199 

Hamburg  Place  School,        -         -  78 

Harburger's  Hall,  -        -         -        -  241 

Hawkins  Street  School,        -         -  84 

Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,         -         -  229 

Heller  Parkway,            -         .         .  226 

Holbrook's  Directory,      -         -         -  171 
Hook  and  Ladder  Co.,  No,  2,  N.  F.  D..  i  54 

Home  of  the  Friendless,      -         -  141 

Home  for  Aged  Women,         -         -  232 

I 

Interior  View  St.  .Aloysius  Church,  61 
Interior  View  Emanuel   Reformed 

Episcopal  Church,   -         -         -  55 

Interior  View  Fifth  Baptist  Church,  59 

Interior  View  First  Presby.  Church,  42 

Interior  View  Grace  Church,        -  68 

Interior  View  Photo-Engraving,      -  258 

Interior  View  Scheller's  Book  Bindery,  21  I 

Interior  View  Schill's  Photo  Gallery,  265 

Interior  View  State  Banking  Co.,     -  176 

Interior  View  Trinity  Church,      -  60 

Interior  View  R.  Walsh  &  Co.,        -  213 

Irvington  Episcopal  Chapel,         -  68 

Irvington  M.  E.  Church,           -         -  69 

Irvington  Public  School.      -         -  110 

J 

Jewelry  Works  of  Carter,  Hawkins 

&  Howe,       -         -         -         -  178 

Jewelry  Works  of  Krementz  &  Co..  179 

J.  S.  Mundy's  Machine  Works,         -  250 

Joshua  Brierley's  Livery  Stable,  -  239 

K 

Krueger  Pioneer  Home,       -         -  222 


Lafayette  Street  Public  School, 
Landing  of  the  early  settlers. 
Lawrence  Street  School, 
Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor.    - 

IVI 
Main  Room,  Free  i'ublic  Library,    - 
M.  &  M.  Cummings  &  Co  , 
Meeker  Homestead,         -         .         - 
Miller  Street  School,    - 
Monmouth  Street  School, 
Montclair  Avenue,        .         .         - 
■  Monument  to  Early  Settlers, 
Morton  Street  School, 
Mullin's  Undertaking  Establishment, 


117 

9 

93 

72 


119 

256 
I  2 
8r 
95 

227 

29 

74 
237 


N 

PAGE. 

Newark  Academy,       -         -         -  107 

Newark  City  Hall,            -         -         -  '  j7 

Newark  City  Hospital,          -         -  13S 

Newark  Electrotype  Fountlry,          -  253 

Newark  Daily  Advertiser,    -         -  161 

Newark  tlvening  News.           -         -  162 

Newark  Female  Charitable  Society,  139 

Newark  High  School,      -         -         -  108 

Newark  Orphan  Asylum,     -         -  72 
Newark  Street  German-English  School,  98 

Newark  Technical  School,       -         -  119 

Newton  Street  School,       -         -         -  89 

New  Jersey  Business  College,       -  107 

North  Baptist  Church,    -        -         -  49 

North  Seventh  Street  School,       -  go 

O 

Officers  of  the  First  Police  Precinct,  147 

Officers  of  the  Third  Police  Precinct,  145 

Office  of  C.  B.  Duncan,        -         -  221 

Office  of  E.  J.  Gless,       -         -         -  20S 

Oldest  School  in  Newark,    -         -  73 

Old  Fashioned  Brewery,           -         -  240 

Old  Synagogue,  -         -         -         -  177 

Oliver  Street  School,        -         -         -  86 

Orange  Sonntagsblalt,          -        -  168 

Orange  \'olksbote,           -         -         -  167 


Park  Avenue  School.       -         -         -  116 

Park  Presbyterian  Church,            -  43 

Past  Mayors  of  Newark,         -         -  144 
Patent  arid  Enameled  Leather  Works,  197 

Peddle  Memorial  Church,        -         -  46 

Photo  by  William  F.  Cone,           -  259 

Philip  J.  Bowers  &  Co  ,            -         -  252 

Piano  Warerooms,       -         -         -  247 

Plant  of  David  Ripley  &  Sons,        -  255 

Plant's  Hebrew  Memorial  School.  118 

Plant  of  the  Hill  Brewing  Co.,         -  244 
Plant    of     Newark    Coach     Lamp 

Manufacturing  Co.,        -         -  254 

Post  Office  and  Custom  House.        -  132 

Post  Office  Cigar  Factory,  -         -  201 

Poortman's  Hall,     -         -         -         -  241 

Presidents  of  the  United  States,  31 

Private  Laboratory  of  Ed.  Weston.  175 

Progress  Club   House,     -         -         -  264 

Prudential  Insurance  Co.,     -         -  202 

R 

Reading  Room,  Free  Public  Library,  118 

Residence  of  Mrs.  Williaiu  A.  L're,  136 

Residence  of  E.  J.  Gless.     -         -  209 

Residence  of  John  C.  Eisele,  -         -  203 

Residence  of  Louis  J.  Felcler.         -  204 

Residence  of  L.  J.  Lyons.             -  246 

Residence  of  Richard  E.  Cogan.     -  205 

Residence  of  W.  J.  Kearns.          -  243 

Residence  of  Ernest  Nagel,    -         -  206 

Residence  of  Elias  G.  Heller,       -  225 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Residence  of  F.  W.  Munn,     -  -     235 

Residence  of  Edwin  W.  Hine.  -         228 
Residence  of  Fred.  Engelberger,     -     224 

Residence  of  Peter  Hassinger,  -         21S 

Residence  of  W.  H.  Barkhorn,  -     230 

Residences  on  Heller  Parkway,  -     245 

S 

Schmidt  &   Sons'  Steam  Saw  and 

Planing  Mills,  -  -  -  198 
Schill's  Photograph  Gallery,  -  -  264 
Second  German  Baptist  Church.  57 
Second  Presbyterian  Church,  -  -  44 
Second  Police  Precinct,  -  -  146 
Seth  Boyden's  Monument,  -  -  135 
Seebeck  Bros.,  -  -  -  -  263 
Sixth  Presbyterian  Church,  -  -  44 
Spielmann,  Strack  &  Co..  -  -  215 
South  Baptist  Church.  -  -  -  46 
South  Eighth  Street  School.  -  97 
South  Market  Street  School,  -  -  84 
South  Street  School,  -  -  -  87 
Street  Views  in  Newark,  -  -  13 
Store  of  F.  \V.  Tompson,  -  -  214 
Store  of  E.  Alsdorf  &  Co  ,  -  -  261 
-Store  Joseph  Logel,  -  -  -  249 
St.  Aloysius'  Church.  -  -  65 
St.  liarnabas'  Hospital.  -  -  -  143 
St.  Benedict's  College,  -  -  103 
St.  Benedict's  School,  -  -  -  114 
St.  Benedict's  Church,  -  -  67 
St.  Bridget's  Church,  -  -  -  66 
St.  James'  Church,  -  -  -  63 
St.  James'  Hospital,  -  -  -71 
St.  James'  School,  -  -  -  102 
St.  John's  German  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran Church,  -  -  -  57 
St.  John's  R.  C.  Church,  -  -  61 
St.  John's  School,  -  -  -  -  102 
St.  Joseph's  Church,  -  -  -  66 
St.  Joseph's  School,         -         -  -     1  14 


PAGE. 

St.  Leo's  Church,  Irvington,         -  67 

St.  Mary's  Acatlemy,       -         -  -     105 

St.  Mary's  Orphan  Asylum,          -  142 

St.  Michael's  Hospital,    -         -  -       3' 

St.  Patrick's  School,     -         -         -  117 

St.  Paul's  M.  E.  Church,          -  -       45 

St.  Peter's  Orphan  Asylum,          -  70 

St.  Peter's  School,            -         -  -     113 

St.  Vincent's  Academy,        -         -  105 

Summer  Avenue  School,          -  -       75 

Studio  of  C.  Durand  Chapman,  -  220 


Temple  B'Nal  Jesliuran,       -         -  54 

Tenth  Ward  German  English  School,  1 1  5 

The  Clayton-Hoff  Co.'s  -Stables,      -  261 

The  E.  Alsdorf  Co.'s  Store.           -  263 

The  E.  E.  Hogan  Shoe  M'f'g  Co..  193 

The  First  -Surveying  Station,  -         -  10 

The '■  Franklin  "  School,      -         -  85 

The  German  Hospital,    -         -         -  231 

The  German  Evangelical  Church,  50 

The  Newark  Business  College,         -  104 

The  New  City  Hospital,         -         -  150 

The  Newark  Ledger,  -         -         -  170 

The  Newark  Sunday  Call,        -         -  164 

The  Newark  Pioneer.           -         -  166 

The  New  Jersey  Deutsche  Zeitung,  165 

The  New  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung,    -  163 
The  New  York  Ave.  Reformed  Church.  47 

The  Normal  School,        -        -         -  77 

The  Old  Seth  Boyden  Foundry,  -  177 

The  Old  Plank  Road  Ferry  House,  17 

The  "  Wedding  Bonnet,"         -         -  220 

Thirteenth  Avenue  School,           -  79 

Third  German  Presbyterian  Church,  49 

Third  Presbyterian  Church,       -         -  47 

Trinity  Church,  -         -         -         -  60 

Trinity  Reformed  Church,       -         -  53 
Twelfth  Ward  German-English  School,  98 


U 

PAGE. 

Undertaking  WareroomsC.C.  Murray,  238 


116 

14-15-22-25 

23 

-     266 

200 

129 


V 

Vailsburg  Public  School, 

Views  on  Broad  Street.     - 

View  on  Clinton  Avenue.     - 

View  in  Fairmount  Cemetery, 

View  in  Garden  Street, 

View  in  Jersey  Street,     - 

View  in  Lincoln  Park, 

Views  on  Market  Street,  16-28,33-130-134 

Views  in  Military  Park,       -         -      24-30 

Views  in  Newark,    11-12-13-18-19- 

26-32-35-36-37-38 
View  on  Passaic  River,  -  -  133 
View  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  -  27 
View  on  Springfield  Avenue,         -  39 

Views  on  Washington   Park,     -         21-28 


W 

Walnut  Street  -School, 

Warren  Street  School,     -         -         - 

Washington  Street  School, 

Waverly  Avenue  School. 

Webster  Street  School, 

Wheaton's  Building,        -         -         - 

William  Logel's  Grocery,     - 

Works  of  C.  M.  Russell, 

Works  of  The  Cory-Heller  Co.,    - 

Works  of  Crescent  Watch  Case  Co., 

Works  of  Engelberger  &  Barkhorn, 

Works  of  Finter  Bros., 

Works  of  Finter  &  Co., 

Works  of  Heller  Bros.. 

Works  of  H.  P.  Witzel  Co.,     - 

Works  of  Maher  .Jc  Flockhart,      - 

Works  of  N.  J.  Uemarest  &  Co.,     - 

Works  of  Newark  W.  C.  Material  Co., 

Works  of  N.  J.  Zinc  and  Iron  Co..  - 


85 

94 

82 

101 

92 
251 
223 
188 
192 
180 
191 
1S6 
196 
190 

195 
'94 
189 
187 
'95 


HSrOE^d  TO  FOK.TR.jPs.IXS. 


PAGE. 

Adler,  Frank  C,     - 

-        166 

Adler,  Francis  E., 

166 

Adler,  William, 

-       201 

Ahearn,  James,  Sr.,      - 

262 

Ahearn,  James,  Jr.. 

-       262 

Allen,  Rev.  J.  S.. 

56 

Alsdorf,  E., 

-             -       263 

Anderson,  Dr.  Henrv  J.. 

117 

Argue,  R.  D.,          -  '       - 

-       109 

Arbuckle,  J.  N..  - 

92 

Astley,  William  C, 

-       160 

B 

Backus,  J.  A.,      - 

92 

Baker,  Henry  R,, 

-       159 

Balcom,  A.  G.,    -        -        - 

85 

Baldwin,  Joseph,, 

-             -       185 

Barkhorn,  Wm.  C, 

191 

Barringer,  William   N.,   - 

-        109 

Bassett,  Allen  L., 

'35 

Baumann,  Charles. 

-     240 

Berg,  A.,     - 

91 

Bernauer,  August, 

-    237 

Beyer,  Herman  E.  I... 

169 

Bird,  William  A., 

-     221 

Birkenhauer,  Sebastian. 

-   .    240 

Bissell.  William  E., 

-      80 

Blair,  Robert,      -         -         - 

260 

Blanchard,  Noah  F., 

-        -     '83 

Bloeniecke,  Henry, 

206 

Booth,  Hubert, 

-    260 

Bosch,  Adam,      -         -         - 

'55 

Bowers,  Philip  J., 

-    252 

Boyden,  Seth,      -         -         - 

39 

Brandenburg,  G. 
Bray,  Joseph  B., 


Breckenridge,  Wm.  A. 
Brierley,  Joshua, 
Brown,  Charles  J  , 
Brown,  Horace  H,, 
Brown,  R    \V..    - 
Brown.  Wm.  H., 
Buchlein,  H., 
Burgesser,  Charles  H., 
Burke,  T.  E.,       - 
Burkhardt,  A.  H., 


Chapman,  C.  Durand, 
Christensen,  Rev.  David  H 
Clark,  A.  Judson, 
Clark.  C  ,        - 
Clark,  Dr.  J.  H., 
Clark,  Joseph, 
Clark,  Joseph  P., 
Cody,  Rev.  P., 
Coleman,  Henry, 
Condit,  Fihnore, 
Connolly,  Thomas  H.,  - 
Corbett.  Capt.  Michael, 
Cort,  Thomas, 
Coursen,  C.  C,   - 
Coursen,  R.  R., 
Crane,  Elvin  W., 
Crane.  Walter  T..  - 
Cunimings,  James, 
Cummings,  John,   - 
Currier,  Cyrus,    - 
Cressey,  Thomas, 

E> 

D-aly,  Capt.  Wm.  P.,    - 
D'Aquila,  Rev.  E., 


I'AOK. 

PAGE. 

80 

De  Jong,  Solomon, 

125 

239 

De  Jong,  Maurice, 

-     250 

204 

Uemarest,  Daniel, 

189 

160 

Demarest,  N.  J..      - 

-     189 

I  1  I 

Depue,  Judge  D.  A..   - 

121 

155 

Devoursnev.  Marcus  L.. 

-     160 

222 

Dey,  F.  A,', 

142 

207 

Dill,  Dr.  D.  M..       - 

-     129 

169 

Disbrow.  Dr.  Wm.  S., 

151 

213 

Dixon,  Edward.       -         -         - 

-     233 

Doane,  Monsignor  Geo.  H.. 

64 

Dodd,  Rev.  Chas.  Hastings,    - 

52 

220 

Doering,  Rev.  G.. 

58 

56 

Dougherty,  Henry  J.. 

-       «3 

152 

Dowling,  James  P., 

237 

95 

Drake,  Oliver,          -         -         - 

-     '74 

152 

Duncan,  Chas.  B., 

126 

77 

E 

127 

63 
106 
129 
205 

Eberhardt.  Chas,  F., 

-     254 

Edwards.  F.  C, 

253 

Eisele,  John  C,       - 

-     203 

Ely,  John  H..       - 

264 

Ely.  Wilson  C  ,       - 

-     264 

149 
141 

Engelberger,  Fred, 

191 

English,  Dr.  Thomas  Dunn.    - 

-     '53 

123 

Erb,  G.  L..           -         -         . 

236 

130 

122 

Eschenfelder,  Andrew,   - 

-     215 

III 

K 

256 

Faitoute,  J.  B..    - 

229 

256 

Felder,  Louis  A.,    - 

-     204 

181 

Finger,  Julius  B., 

139 

232 

Finger,  J.  B.,            .         -         . 

-     152 

Finter,  Fred.,       -         -         - 

186 

Finter  Frederick,     -         -         - 

-     196 

149 

Finter,  Fredrick, 

186 

62 

Finter,  Robert,        -         -         - 

-     186 

8 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Finter.  William  F., 
Fischer,  Otto  C.     - 
Fish.  William  M., 
Flammann,  Rev.  A„ 
Fleming,  Col.  J.  W.,    - 
Fleming,  Rev.  Father,     - 
Fort.  Frederick  VV.. 
French,  Rev.  J.  Clement,  D.  I)  . 
Furman,  Jas.  A., 
Freudenthal,  Leopold,     - 

O 

Gay,  William  A., 
Gahr,  Jacob,  -         -         -         _ 
Gervais,  Rev  J.  M.,     - 
Gibson.  John  .S.,      -         -         - 
Gless,  A.  J-,         -         -         - 
Godber,  William,    -         -         - 
Gore,  J.  K.,  -        -        . 

Gray,  Thomas  J.,    - 
Gray,  Walter  H.. 
Greathead.  William  E..  - 
Gregory,  John,     -         -         -         , 
Grimme,  George,    -         -         - 

H 

Hainer,  Rev.  Win.  H., 

Haley,  George  W., 

Halsey.  Geo.  A., 

Hamilton,  William  F..     - 

Hamlin,  James  \'., 

Hanley,  John  J  ,      - 

Hanson.  Frank  H.,  A.  M..  - 

Harrigan,  William. 

Harburger.  Joseph. 

Hassinger.  Peter,    -         -         - 

Hattel.  (Justave  L.,      - 

Haussling.  Jacob.    -         -         - 

Hawkins.  William  W.. 

Haynes.  Joseph  K.. 

Haynes.  Geo.  D.,  -         -         - 

Hays.  James  L.,     ■  -         - 

Healy,  George,    -         -         -         - 

Heilman,  C.  W.,      -         -       i->5- 

Heller,  Carl. 

Heller,  Frederick,         -         -         - 

Heller,  Elias  G.,      - 

Heller,  Paul  E  ,  -         -         - 

Hermon.  George,   -         -        - 

Herold,  Dr.  H.  C.  H. 

Hinckley,  Livingston  S..  M.  ])  , 

Hinde,  Arthur, 

Hine.  Edwin  W.,     -         -         - 

Hooper,  George  Jj.. 

Hooper,  Irvin  G..    - 

Hobbis.  I),  v..     -         -         -         . 

Hodgkinson,  James. 

Hcgan,  Patrick,  -         -         - 

Holbrook.  Albert  .\I. 

Holmes,  J  , 

Hopjicr,  Chief  Henry  W  . 

Ho|)per,  Capt.  B.  W.. 

Horton    E.  !■:., 

Hunt,  John  ()..    -         -         -         . 

Hovey.  Prof.  E.  O.. 

I 

Illingworth,  John.         -         -         . 

Jacobs.  W.ilter  C. 

Jacobi,  Wm.,       -         -         -         . 

Johnston,  James,     - 

K 

Kaas,  Adam,       -         -         .         . 
Kalisch,  Abner,       -         -         . 
Kane,  Lyman  E.. 
Kalerndahl,  Rev.  Richard. 
Keene,  Edwin  J.,  -         .         . 

Kearns,  W.  J.,         -      ■   - 
Kearsing.  John  ('..,       -         -         . 
Kearsing  William  H..      - 
Kemp.  Dr.  A.  Frit/,    -        -         - 
Ketchem,  Geo.  W., 
Kierstead,  Chief  Robert, 
King,  Nalh.iniel,      -         -         . 


207 


PAGE. 

196 

-       236 

I  12 

136 
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Klemm,  Henrv  C, 
Koehler,  August,    - 
Kronenberger.  J.  J..     - 

Lebkuecher,  Julius  A., 
Lehlbach,  Herman, 
Leonard,  J.  J.. 
Leucht,  Rev.  Joseph.   - 
Lewis,  A.  N.. 
Lister,  Alfred,      - 
Logel,  William, 
Logel,  Joseph.     - 
Lupton,  Patrick. 
Lusk,  Rev.  iJavis  W.. 
Luther,  I^ev.  Dr., 

M 

Marlatt,  James. 
Manx,  Franklin. 
Ma\er,  M., 

AFChesney.  William  C. 
Medcraft,  John, 
Menk,  C.  W., 
Menzel.  Hugo,     - 
Merz,  Henry. 
Miller,  Henry  T.. 
Miller,  Philip. 
Morris,  Rev.  J.  N.. 
Morris,  William  W., 
Morrison.  William, 
Mulhn,  J.  J., 
Mulvey,  M.  M.,  A.  M,. 
Munn,  F.  W., 
Murray,  C.  C,     - 
Myers,  Charles  M.. 
McManus,  Rev.  M.  A.. 
McManus,  Capt.  Andre 
McCabe,  Owen, 
McCarthy,  James  A., 
McDonald,  Edward  I"., 

N 
Nagel,  Ernest,     - 
Nagel,  Camile  P.,    - 
Nathan,  1).  1!..     - 
Niebuhr.  Rev    F..    - 
Nieder,  John. 


O'Connor.  M. 
Ohl.  A.,       - 
Osborne,  Rev 


J- 


O 


Louis  Shr 

Parker,  R.  Wayne, 
Parsons,  W,  H., 
Pell,  Charles  H., 
Perry,  Theodore,     - 
Peter,  Alfred, 
Poortman,  Adolph, 
Peels,  Rev.  J.  P., 
Price,  Louis  M.. 
Puder,  M.  B., 
Putscher,  August.  - 
Prielh.  Benedict, 


(^Liattlander,  Rt 
Oninn,  M.  F., 
Quinn,  P.  T., 


O 

;'aul 


R 


Rahm,  Eugene. 
Read,  Dr.  J.  W., 
Reilly,  John,  - 
Richmond.  John  I!., 
Rippel,  Albert  A., 
Ripley,  Chas.  O., 
Ripley,  David, 
Ripley,  Wm.  A., 
Rittenhouse,  Stacy  B. 
Roden,  H.  P.,  M.  I). 
Rodrigo.  John  A..   - 
Rommell.  Henrv  C. 
Russell,  C.  M.,  '      - 
Runyon,  Gen'l  Theo. 

S 

Sansom,  Charles  E., 


219 
1 68 


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'34 


Saupe,  G.,     -    -    - 

Savery,  Rev.  George. 

Scarlett,  August, 

Scheller,  John  C,  - 

Schenk,  Rev.  Carl. 

Schick,  John.   -    -    - 

Schick.  Albert. 

Schickhaus.  Edward.  - 

Schill,  Ludwig.   -    -    - 

Schill,  Otto  K., 

Schmidt,  Gustave, 

Schmidt,  F'erdinand  A.. 

Schmidt,  Henry  A.. 

Schoemg,  William  K..      '     - 

Schott.  Henry  P.. 

Schuetz,  Charles  J.. 

Schuetz,  A..  -         -         - 

Schwarz    Carl,     -         .         - 

Schwarz,  H,  E.,       - 

Seebeck.  John.     -  -         - 

Seebeck.  William. 

Sexton,  E.  K.,     -         -         - 

Seymour,  James  M., 

Shepard,  Edwin, 

Slaight,  C.  H..         -        -         - 

Slaight.  Henry  L.. 

Sloan,  Joseph  E.,    -         -         - 

Smith,  James,  Jr., 

Smith,  James  R.,     - 

Smith.  J.  Rennie. 

Spielmann.  Emile  W.. 

Stapff.  Julius.       -         -         - 

Steiger.  Fred  J..      - 

Steines,  Anton.    -         -         - 

Strack,  Frank  P.     -         -         - 

Strempel,  Ernest  C.    - 

Sutphen.  Joseph,     -         -         - 

T 

Temme,  Ernest, 

Temme,  Fred.  C.  - 

Ten  Eyck,  H.  Gallowa\. 

Tervvilliger.  J.  L., 

Toler,  John,         -         -         - 

Thorn,  John  B..       - 

Trimmer,  Samuel. 

U 

Ubhaus.  Capt.  J.  H.. 
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IHrick,  Peter.  -         -         - 

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Urick,  William  1'.  B  .      - 

\' 

Vail,  Dr.  M.  H.  C.      - 
Van  Houten,  William  F., 
Virtue,  Lincoln  A., 
Voget,  Arnold,        -         -         - 
Voight,  Herman, 

W 

Wadsworth,  Frank, 
Walsh,  Robert, 
Walter.  Charles.      -         -         - 
Ward,  Elias  S.- 
Wendell, Louis  J.,  - 
Weston,  Edward, 
White,  Frank  A,,    - 
Wigger,  Rt.  Rev.  M.  W  ..  1)    1)  . 
Wilhelm,  George, 
Wilson.  Albert  B., 
Wilson,  Geoige  H,, 
Winner,  W.  W.. 
Wiseman    I^ev   W.  J..  S.  T.  I,.. 
Wisijohn,  Frank, 
Witzel,  H.  P., 
Woodruff,  E.  B.. 
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Wrightson,  J.  T,, 


Zeh,  Dr.  C.  M., 
Zusi.  Edward, 


Z 


88 

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15' 
100 


History  of  Essex  County.  N.  J. 


1 


LANDING   OF  THE   EARLY    SETTLERS   AT   NEWARK,   ESSEX    COUNTY, 
N.   J.,    MAY,    1666. 


SSL X  County,  an 
integral  part  of 
New  Jersey,  a 
State     w  li  i  c  h 
was  one  of  the 
tJiiginal  Thirteen    colonies, 
and  at  this  present   1896,  a 
member     of    the    grandest, 
confederacy     of    free    and 
independent  States  that  ever  existed  since  the  Great  Architect 
"lossed  out  from  his  fingers  this  earth  of  ours,  fixed  its  orbit  and 
sent  it  spinning  round  the  great  central  sun,  marked  its  bounds 
amid  the  rolling  oceans,  bidding'  the  tides  come  and  go,  and 
that  part  quite  insignificant  when  extent  of  territory  is  considered 
but  mightily  increased  in  magnitude  when  population  and  wealth 
are   thought    of.      Sometimes  she  has   been,   and    not   always 
inappropriately  either,  when   the  grandeur  of  the  two   above- 
named  reasons  are  combined  with  her  marvellous  manufacturing 
interests,  called  the  "  State  of  Essex."     Indeed,  this  was  always 
so.      In  her  early  life  Essex  County   could    boast   a   territory 
surpassing   some   of    our   quite   pretentious   States,    but    with 
much  of  this  she  parted  when  tbe  counties  of  Union  and  Bergen 
were  erected  out  of  her  territory. 

"  God  tempereth  the  wind  to  the  shorn  lamb  "  is  an  old  adage 
and.  in  its  application  to  Essex  County,  a  truthful  one,  since  her 
growth  in  the  directions  of  population  and  wealth  have  been 
truly  wonderful,  presenting  evidences  on  eveiy  hand  of  the 
vouchsafement  by  the  Almighty  in  the  bestowal  of  his  richest 
blessings  in  such  rare  profusion. 

To  be  sure,  her  natural  advantages  may  have  had  much  lu 
do  with  her  prosperity  and  greatness,  being  situated  at  the  wide 
open  door  of  the  Western  World's  greatest  commercial  metropo- 


lis, and  immediately  upon  the  line  of  direct  railroad  communi- 
cation with  Philadelphia,  the  second  commercial  city  on  the 
western  continent,  and  within  a  few  hours  of  the  rich  coal  fields 
and  oil  regions  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  and  the  iron  and  zinc 
mines  of  New  Jersey.  The  beautiful  Passaic  River  which  laves 
its  eastern  boundary,  giving  a  water-way  to  the  ocean,  whence 
the  raw  materials  are  brought  to  the  docks  in  Newark  and  the 
manufactured  products,  made  famous  the  world  over  by  the  rare 
skill  of  the  mechanics,  artists  and  workmen  of  Newark,  Orange, 
etc.,  are  sent  forth  on  the  white  wings  of  commerce  to  the  busy 
markets  in  almost  every  clime  and  wherever  flies  the  starry  flag. 
The  pure  mountain  water  coming  down  by  its  channel,  meeting 
and  marrying  the  salt  sea  flood,  after  making  the  wild  leap  at 
the  falls  in  Paterson,  and  riding  from  thence  on  the  ebbing 
tide's  chariot  away  on  to  the  sea. 

Then  it  is  protected  from  the  cold  blasts,  which  come  careen- 
ing down  in  winter  from  the  north  and  the  west  by  the  pictur- 
esque Orange  Mountains  so  beautifully  stretching  along  its 
western  border.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  salubrity  of  its 
climate  with  is  balmy  sea  air,  dew-moistened  by  Old  Ocean's 
inexhaustable  supply  resulting  from  the  sun-influenced  evapora- 
tions, should  induce  the  soil  so  lavishly  fed  by  nature  and  resting 
on  its  rare  brown  stone  foundations  to  yield  so  marvellously  in 
garden  productions  as  to  have  encomiums  showered  by  tongues 
of  other  and  distant  nations. 

Although  the  "scouts"  sent  out  by  the  sturdy  New  England 
farmers  did  not  bring  back  wine  trophies  to  vie  with  their 
Israelitish  exemplars,  but  merely  reported  that  their  Eden  was 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Passayic  so  called  by  the  Indians. 

Several  desultory  efforts  and  as  many  failures  succeeding  to 
effect  a  permanent  settlement  of  the  beautiful  and  attractive 
region,  on  the  soil  of  which  the  flag  of  old  England  had  been 


10 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


planted  by  the  daring  Dutch  navigator,  Hendiicl<  Hudson,  but 
none  were  markedly  successful  until  the  little  band  of  Connecti- 
cut farmers  puslied  their  Shallops  and  Hat  boats  up  to  the  land- 
ing and  rested  on  their  oars  very  near  where  the  great  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  draw-bridges  stand  erected,  and  at  conunand 
to  halt,  had  their  "  big  talk  "  with  the  Indians. 

As  anything  connected  with  its  history  is  not  foreign  to  our 
purpose,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  few  events  in  the  opening  pages 
of  American  histoiy  were  fraught  with  a  greater  interest  or 
have  led  to  mightier,  more  definite  and  lasting  results — with 
the  single  exception,  perhaps,  of  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at 
Plymouth  Rock — than  the  voyage  of  Hendrick  Hudson  along 
the  coast  of  New  Jersey,  through  the  Achter  Cull  or  "  Back 
Bay,"  now  called  Newark  Bay,  on  the  shores  of  which  and  on 
the  soil  of  Essex  County,  he  planted  the  flag  of  discovery  as 
the  herald  of  civilization. 

The  beauty  of  the  region  lying  but  a  few  miles  westerly  on 


turned  out  that  the  sweet-scented  cedars  of  yore,  so  abundant 
between  Newark  and  New  York,  have  long  years  ago  nearly 
all  disappeared  and  are  seldom  seen  any  more. 


FIRST    SETTLEHENT. 

As  has  been  before  hinted,  efforts  at  settlement  of  the  beau- 
tiful and  promising  region  had  been  made,  but  'twas  not 
until  Robert  Treat  and  his  hardy  band  of  honest  farmers 
came,  bringing  with  them  more  honor  and  less  greed  for  gold, 
nothing  like  permanency  resulted.  To  establish  homes  and  to 
seek  an  asylum  where  true  liberty  might  reign  and  where  under 
its  protecting  aegis  they  could  worship  God  after  the  dictates  of 
their  own  conscience,  these  farmers  came.  Religious  liberty  was 
what  they  sought,  and  this  they  gained,  for  if  the  record  speaks 
the  truth,  and   in  our  research  we  find  no  reason  for  its  "-ain- 


r^iku 


THK    FIRST   SURVEYING   STATION    ESTABLISHED   AT   EAGLE   ROCK,    ESSEX    COUNTY,    N.   J.,    1666. 


I 


ttie  left  bank  of  the  Pasayic,  as  it  was  then  called,  and  which 
opened  up  to  eveiy  new  visitor  such  an  entrancing  vista  of  land- 
scape beauty  after  passing  the  sweet-scented  cedars  which 
nestled  in  the  marsh  and  salt  grass  of  the  meadows.  But  that 
was  in  the  long,  long  ago,  and  before  Young  America  (ever 
piscatorially  inclined)  had  lopped  the  lithe  young  scions  from 
the  parent  tree  in  order  to  gain  a  supply  of  the  rod  so  essential 
to  complete  the  outfit  for  the  artist  in  the  fish  enticing  line,  a 
business,  then  as  well  as  now  playing  so  important  a  part  in  the 
work  of  supplying  the  constant  demand  for  that  delicious  part 
of  man's  appetite  satiators  known  as  food  fishes.  Nay,  more, 
the  gardeners  had  a  fondness  for  using  the  young  tamarisks  to 
assist  the  new  world's  skillfully  climbing   Limas.     So  it  has 


saying,  never  did  men  worship  with  more  freedom,  more 
honesty  or  more  unselfishly. 

Although  armed  with  a  land  grant  and  broad  invitation  of 
Cov.  Carteret,  when  they  had  but  just  kissed  the  soil  and  had 
sought  God's  blessing  on  their  El  Dorado,  another  and  more 
exacting  owner,  in  language  quite  strange,  bade  them  refrain 
from  their  purpose  to  dig  and  to  delve,  but,  said  the  Indian,  for 
'twas  none  other  than  the  red  man,  "  If  you  are  ready  to  buy,  I 
am  ready  to  sell."  It  didn't  take  these  honest  farmers  very 
long  to  decide  the  raised  question  and  express  a  readiness  to  buy. 

Robert  Treat  and  his  companions  being  men  of  business  and 
large  experience,  were  not  long  in  making  the  bargain  for  a 
"  title  clear  "  to  the  possessions  of  their  choice,  and  when  they 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


11 


had  doled  out  in  the  strictest  sense  of  honor,  the  purchasing 
price,  consisting  of  what  in  our  days  would  be  considered 
modest  and  unextravagant.  Part  of  the  price  paid  was  barter, 
as  all  the  cash  that  passed  consisted  of  but  eight  hundred  and 
fifty  fathoms  of  wampum  (Indian  money),  or  bits  of  shell  on  a 
string;  and  just  here  we  may  say,  although  the  transaction  took 
place  in  the  month  of  May,  when  the  early  spring  flowers  were 
in  bloom,  we  may  infer  from  the  character  of  some  of  the 
goods  sought,  that  the  Indian  let  his  memory  dwell  on  the 
cold  blasts  from  the  seaward,  which  swept  across  the  semi- 
moorland  from  the  ocean,  and  the  chill  w'inds  that  swooped 
down  from  the  mountains  to  the  northward  in  the  months  of 
the  winter. 

That  there  might  be  no  misunderstanding  as  to  the  limits 
and  bounds  of  the  lands  they  had  bought,  the  first  surveying 
party  of  Essex  County  was  organized  and  immediately  set 
about  its  work.     These  hardy  pioneers  built  better  than  [they 


spot  where  the  chief  man  stood  and  made  proclamations,  "  Wa- 
way-an-da,"  or  away  over  yonder,  a  sweep  of  his  long,  bony 
arm  and  lithe  index  finger  including  the  territory  from  the  sea, 
the  bay,  brook  and  river,  they  serving  in  place  of  the  latter-day 
magnetic  needle  of  the  theodilite  used  in  surveying,  all  being 
noted  down  on  a  bit  of  prepared  sheep-skin  or  vellum,  and  a 
rough  map  made  by  the  white  scribe  accompanying  the  p.uty 
for  the  purpose.  On  this  was  shown,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
chieftain  and  the  captain,  the  metes  and  bounds.  For  several 
tlays  after,  the  distances  were  measured,  the  trees  and  rocks 
blazed  by  the  axe-man  who  followed  after,  the  fleet-footed 
Indian,  long-headed  and  wily  pointing  out  the  places. 

GEOGRAPHY  AND  TOPOGRAPHY. 

ESSEX  County  was  one  of  the  original  sections  of  the  State 
of  New  Jersey,  and  was  erected  into  a  county  in  1675, 
but  it  was  not  until  the  21st  of  January,  1709,  that  its  bound- 


VIEW  OF  NEW.-\RK,  ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  EAST  OF  BROAD  STREET,  1790. 


knew-,  for  little  thought  they  when  racing  and  chasing  with  the 
lleet-footed  savage,  along  the  river  bank,  across  the  hills  and 
up  the  mountain  rugged  side  to  the  top  of  the  ever  beautiful 
Orange  Mountains,  to  the  point  now  known  as  Eagle  Rock, 
that  here  they  halted  and  established  the  first  surveying  station, 
.ind  that  the  vast  arena  over  which  the  eye  could  then  sweep, 
would,  in  less  than  three  centuries,  be  inhabited  by  nearly  a 
half  million  of  people  and  become  one  of  the  garden  spots  of 
the  world,  might  be  properly  surveyed. 

Here  they  lunched  on  the  rare  native  fruits  and  clioice  bits  of 
dried  meats  from  the  loins  of  the  fleet-footed  deer  or  the  old 
mountain  bear,  and  washed  it  down  with  a  "  drop  of  the  creat- 
ine" to  brighten  the  mind  and  waking  the  conceptions  that 
llieir  bargaining  was  fair,  and  the  selling  and  buying  was  done 
'Ml  the  square.  Be  it  known  just  here,  and  in  sorrow  be  it  said, 
the  yearning  of  the  Indian  was  for  "fire-water,"  nearly  all 
Ills  transactions  beginning  and  ending  in  liquor. 

The  luncheon  being  finished,  the  party  stepped  to  the  pin- 
nacle of  the  rock,  a  blaze  of  the  tree  with  the  axe  marking  the 


aries  were  definitely  fixed  by  an  act  of  the  legislature.  Its  area 
was  then  much  greater  than  at  the  present  time.  It  comprised 
the  territory  then  designated  on  the  maps  as  Elizabethtown  and 
Newark,  and  was  covered  by  the  Counties  of  Middlesex  (or  a 
part  of  it).  Union  and  Morris,  as  well  as  the  territory  within  its 
bounds  of  to-day,  which  is  abutted  and  bounded  as  follows, 
viz :  on  the  north-east  by  the  County  of  Passsic,  along  its  east- 
ern border  range,  the  territory  of  Hergen  and  Hudson  counties 
and  Newark  bay,  the  Achter  Cull  of  the  great  navigator  and 
and  discoverer,  Hendrick  Hudson ;  on  the  south-west  by  Union 
county,  and  along  its  north-west,  the  fair  fields,  which  were  once 
her  own  territory,  but  now  the  County  of  Morris. 

Her  topography  is  delightful,  unique  and  truly  inspiring  to 
any  one  who  may  look  upon  the  diversity  of  its  character,  with 
the  two  beautiful  mountain  ranges  stretching  like  ribbons  along 
its  westerly  border,  and  known  under  the  appellation  of  the 
Orang«  Mountains,  first  and  second,  with  other  names  of  local 
significance,  all  of  wdiich,  with  hundreds  of  nooks  and  crannys, 
with  purling  streams  and  sylvan  dells,  her  invitations  for  men 


12 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  N.  J.,  TLLVSTRArED. 


to  come  and  domicile  therein,  have  been  so  remarkably  attract- 
ive that  thousands  have  already  yielded  and  are  now  rejoic- 
ing in  beautiful  and  comfortable  mountain  homes  amid  her 
entrancing  beauty  and  mountain  lovliness.  Indeed,  the  entire 
surface  of  Essex  County  it  gently  undulating;  the  foot  hills  of 
the  mountains  trending  toward  old  ocean  in  gentle  declivity, 
giving  to  every  inch  of  her  soil  a  value  for  building  and  resi- 
dental  purposes,  since  nature  has  provided  a  drainage  so  perfect 
that  malaria  is  rarely,  if  ever,  heard  of. 

Nothing  is  hazarded  in  the  assertion,  and  then  there  is  no 
fear  of  contradiction  when  the  writer  puts  forward  the  claim 
that  Essex  County  is  so  near  perfection  in  her  topographic  plan 
as  she  came  from  the  land  of  nature,  that  little  is  required  of 
man's  genius  in  its  formulation  for  his  dwelling-place  and  that 
all  of  her  lines  appear  on  the  paradisical  plan. 

The  Passaic  river,  skirting  her  westerly  border  and  forming 
the  boundary  between  her  and  her  sister  County  of  Morris, 
then  dips  into  Passaic  County  and  makes  a  swift  run,  but,  when 
she  finds  what  a  mistake  she  has  made  down  the  rocky  way  at 
Little  Falls,  she  then  makes  the  mad  plunge  at  Passaic  Falls, 
in  order  to  get  back  again  and  then,  seemingly  pleased  and  well 
satisfied,  leisurely  rides  on  her  flood  of  mountain  spring  water 
along  its  eastern  border  until  it  is  finally  lost  in  the  old  salt  sea, 
by  a  promiscuous  mingling  with  her  crystal  waters. 

The  east  and  west  branches  of  the  Rahway  river  (both  rising 
in  Essex)  course  along  through  the  rich  valleys  between  and  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountains,  which  are  built  up  so  strongly  from 
the  durable  street  building  trap-rock  forming  their  bases.  The 
Elizabeth  river  near  the  centre  of  her  territory,  and  a  little 
farther  to  the  north,  Parrow  brook  and  the  First  and  Second 
rivers  tender  their  compliments,  especially  in  the  fall,  winter  and 
spring.  We  might  be  charged  with  dereliction  of  duty  did  we 
not  state  the  fact  that  there  is  another,  euphoniously  termed 
the  Wigwam  Brook,  which  has  its  heading  from  a  spring  in  the 
mountain  and  joining  hands  with  Parrow  Brook  becomes  the 
Second  River,  which  debouches  into  the  Passaic  near  the  scuith- 
easterly  part  of  the  charming  village  of  Belleville. 

Although  not  a  part  of  its  topography  by  nature,  yet  it  is  a 
familiar  old  way  known  as  the  Morris  Canal,  through  the  waters 
of  which,  in  years  gone  by,  our  coal  was  received  direct  from 
the  mines,  generally  a  full  winter's  supply.  Again,  we  might 
mention  the  fact  now,  and  enlarge  by  and  by,  that  six  great  steam 
railroads  and   as   many    moi-e  electric    trolley    railways  which. 


..,■      .^^:^40^^ 


••••"V 


MEEKER  I10.MESTE.\D,  THE  OLDEST  L.-^NDM.VRK  l.\  ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J 


VIEW  OF  NEWARK.  EAST  OF  MULBERRY  STREET,  IN   l8l2. 

spectre-like,    flit    their   cars    here,    there   and    everywhere  over 
the   Essex  domain. 

As  the  greater  part  of  the  territory  going  to  make  up  tin- 
county  of  Bergen  was  included  in  the  grants,  of  which  Essex 
was  the  coveted  part,  a  few  words  as  to  the  settlement  at 
Bergen,  which  preceded  that  of  the  Connecticut  farmers  by  a 
few  years,  will  not  be  out  of  place. 

Nearly  all  writers  on  the  subject  of  the  early  settlements  ol 
the  county  make  mention  of  troubles  with  the  Indians,  "  difli- 
culties  and  complications  often  leading  to  collisions,"  says  a 
local  WTiter,  which  was  followed  in  not  a  few  instances  by  a 
complete  wiping  out  of  the  settlement. 

As  English  or  German  speculators,  who  were  in  pursuit  of 
,  Liold  through  the  open  channel  of  trade  with 
the  red  men  and  could  control  influence 
enough  to  reach  the  knig,  would  bring  over 
a  little  band  under  the  wildest  sort  of  prom- 
ises and  then  leave  them  in  the  wilderness 
to  perish  at  the  hands  of  the  savages.  On 
the  return  of  the  speculators  with  another 
set  of  dupes  a  year  or  two  afterwards,  no 
vestige  of  the  former  settlement  would  be 
found,  if  settlement,  indeed,  it  could  be 
called. 

For  years  these  barbarous  proceedings 
were  carried  on  until,  as  before  mentioned, 
men  came  to  seek  homes  in  the  New  World, 
subdue  wildwood  and  till  the  soil,  men 
whose  hearts  were  liberty-loving  and  who, 
while  they  loved  the  precious  tnetals,  they 
bartered  when  necessity  demanded  or  busi- 
ness transactions  made  a  specific  call.  His- 
torians, so  far  as  w'e  are  able  to  trace,  give 
the  first  place  in  the  order  of  early  settle- 
ments to  Bergen,  but  whether  the  honor  of 
learning   the   art   of    fraternizing    with   the 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


U 


VIEW    OK    NEWARK.    ESSEX    COUNTY,  X.  J.,   IN     1  S40. 


Indians  belongs  to  the  Dutch  or  Dane  (so  that  the  settlers 
might  live  in  peace  side  by  side  with  their  red  neighbors), 
writers  are  not  agreed.  But  one  thing  is  certain,  that  an 
insignificant  trading  post  established  about  1616  which,  being 
managed  with  a  business-like  astuteness,  grew  in  importance 
until,  about  the  tenth  year  following,  the  station  planted 
on  the  hill  where  'Bergen  now  stands  became  a  permanent 
settlement. 

THE   IROQUOIS  AND   DELAWARES. 
HE    long-e.\isting    feuds    between    the    Indian    tribes,    the 


T 


efforts  to  subdue  one  and  the  other  led  to  no  little  suffer- 
ing of  the  settlers.  At  the  period  of  our  Connecticut  farmers' 
.  oniing  there  were,  all  told,  in  the  region  about  twenty  kings, 
liut  from  this  we  have  no  right  to  infer  that  their  numbers  were 
large,  since  the  record  gives  an  account  of  a  king  who  had  but 
forty  subjects,  and  of  another  pair  of  kings  who  held  authority 
over  twelve  hundred  between  them.  "  The  Indians,"  says  Dr. 
Veshlage,  "  in  this  part  of  the  general  stock  of  the  Delawares 
or  Lenni  Lenapes,  who  weie  fierce  and  war-like,"  and  relates 
as  an  evidence  that  they  swooped  down  on  the  more  peacefully 
inclined,  and  that  arrow-heads  and  many  other  articles  of  flint 
have  been  found  even  in  the  past  few  years.  The  Delawares, 
he  states,  were  eminent  for  valor  and  wisdom  and  held  a 
prominent  place  in  Indian  history,  but  on  the  rise  of  the  Iro([Uois 
power  they  lost  their  independence  and  fell  under  the  suspicion 
because  many  of  them  applied  themselves  to  agriculture.  A 
tribute  was  exacted  from  them  every  year  in  order  to  show  an 
acknowledgement  of  subordination. 

The  Iroquois  gloried  in  the  haughty  manners  in  which  they 
showed  their  superiority,  and  never  spoke  of  the  Delawares 
only  as  "  women."  The  shrewdness  of  the  Iroquois  was  fully 
developed  when  they  kept  a  small  band  of  their  warriors  in 
several  parts  of  the  conquered  territory. 


While  Hendrick  Hudson  usually  acted  the  honorable  part, 
yet  when  he  sold  the  Iroquois  powder  and  lead,  when  the  Del- 
awares were  getting  the  best  of  the  fight,  and  thus  turned  the 
scale  against  them,  he  fell  from  the  exalted  position  of  the  pure 
and  good. 

THE    ACREAGE    OF    ESSEX. 

ALL  told  and  so  tersely  and  truthfully  said  by  Professor 
George  H.  Cook,  the  late  scholarly  State  Geologist, 
reaches  a  total  of  77,021,  and  having  a  distribution  among  the 
towns,  as  follows :  Belleville,  5,062;  Bloomfield,  8,070;  Cald- 
well, 17,920,  of  which  2,617  is  low  meadow-  lands  enriched  by  the 
overflow  of  the  river,  produce  immense  quantities  of  fair  grass, 
which  finds  a  market  in  the  cities  of  Orange  and  Newark ; 
Clinton,  5,229;  East  Orange,  2,394;  Livingston,  11,354.  333  of 
which  is  also  low  meadow  land,  and  as  does  that  of  Caldwell, 
borders  the  Passaic  river,  which  forms  their  westerly  boundary, 
as  well  as  that  of  the  County  of  which  they  are  a  part;  Mill- 
burn,  6.234;  Newark,  9,126,  with  a  few  acres  additional  taken 
from  East  Orange ;  of  Newark's  average,  about  4,282  are  tide 
marsh  lands;  Orange,  about  1,800;  South  Orange,  6,1  iS; 
West  Orange,  3.725  ;  Verona,  a  new  township  erected  from  the 
easterly  edge  of  Caldwell,  and  containing  about  4,000  acres, 
more  or  less.  These  above-named  townships  (thirteen  in  num- 
ber), with  the  cities  of  Newark  and  Orange,  the  boroughs  of 
Vailsburg,  Glen  Ridge  and  Caldwell,  the  villages  of  South 
Orange,  Monfclair,  Irvington  and  Bloomfield,  constitute  the 
political  divisions  of  Essex  County. 

GEOGRAPHY  AND  TOPOGRAPHY. 

NO  county  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  few  indeed,  in 
any  of  our  sister  states,  is  more  happily  situated  and 
derives  a  greater  benefit,  industrially  and  commercially  speak- 
ing, from  her  geographical  position.    A  glance  at  the  map  ought 


. ..      .-."    -J       Ifcs 


SIUEF.T    VIEWS   OF  NEWARK,  N.  J.,  IN  1S40. 


14 


ESSHX  COUNT r,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


to  satisfy  the  most  skeptical  tliat  Essex  Coiiiity  is  peculiarly 
fortunate  in  tliis  respect,  she  l^eing  by  nature  a  focal  point. 
The  liigh  position  which  she  now  hokls,  the  grandeur  of  her 
surroundings,  the  many  lines  of  comraunication  with  the  out- 
side world,  the  concentration  of  traffic  to  her  trade  marts,  and 
withal,  the  six  great  railroads,  the  river  and  canal  which  pour 
almost  unliroken  streams  of  wealth  and  luxury  into  her  lap, 
without  considering  tlie  mighty  concentration  of  manufacturing 
interests,  are  all  in  the  way  of  irrefutable  evidences  that  her 
"  lines  have  been  cast  in  pleasant  places,"  and  that  she  is  pecul- 
iarly forlun.ite  in  her  geography  and  geograpliical  relations. 

Essex  County,  in  her  wonderful  growth  and  prosperity,  is 
only  another  offer  in  support  of  the  truthfulness  of  the  asser- 
tion tiK'.t  location  has  niiieh.  if  not  all.  to  do  in  the  upbuilding 
of  places. 

Nothing  else  but  the  most  devastating  inlluences  brought  to 
bear  against  her,  could  ha\e  prevented  New  York  from  becom- 


tages  which  the  I'assaic  afforded  in  tlie  beginning,  made  it  an 
easy  matter  for  Newark  to  outstrip  Elizabeth,  although  the 
latter  had  some  years  the  better  of  settlement.  Then  the  Morris 
Canal  came  creeping  over  the  hills  and  mountains,  depositing 
the  wealth  of  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  mines  at  her  doors. 
Her  topography,  then,  is  such  that  no  lover  of  the  beautiful  in 
nature  can  resist  its  charms.  No  stranger  can  cross  the  bor- 
ders of  Essex,  climb  her  gentle  declivities  and  sit  down  on  the 
table  l.nids  of  the  Orange  mountains,  without  being  captivated 
by  her  charms.  Like  one  grand  picture  which  has  been  un- 
folded before  him,  lies  the  landscape  which  wordy  expressions 
fail  him  when  description  is  attempted.  That  view  which  is 
obtained  of  Essex  County  and  its  environments  from  any  of 
the  higher  ])oints  of  the  Orange  mountains,  while  changed  by 
its  beautiful  topography  anil  immediate  relations,  makes  a 
picture  which  would  produce  a  lasting  sadness  in  its  effacing, 
so  deep  are  the  lines  made  in  its  tracing. 


VIEW  ON  BRO.'\D  STREET,  LOOKINC,  NORTH   FROM  M.\RKET  STREET,  IN   1 840. 


ing  and  being  the  maivclous  commercial  emporium  she  is,  and 
even  so,  with  Philaclelpliia,  ISoston  and  many  other  places  which 
ire  fed  and  grow  fat  on  the  luxuries  which  are  prepared  at  the 
fountain  heads  and  all  along  the  streams  which  naturally  flow 
toward  them.  Man's  keen  eye  engaged  in  the  work  of  search- 
ing out  those  focal  points  to  which  flow,  and  around  which 
gather  the  elements  of  growth  and  prosperity  do  not  often  mis- 
take when  they  follow  the  geographical  and  topographical  lines 
laid  down  by  the  (ireat  Author.     With  Essex  County  men  and 

^  women,  jirogress  has  been  the  word,  and  from  the  time  Newark 
town  lots  were  marked  out,  no  obstacles  have  been  allowed  to 

'  j;ather  under  the  wheels  of  the  car. 

It  is  easy  to  answer  the  question,  "  Why  has   not  Elizabeth, 

Sin  Union  County,  become  the  great  local  centre  that  Newark 

Jnow  is  ?  "     liecause  she  lacked  those  essential  accessions  w'lich 
;ather  around  the  point  when  found,  the  commercial  advan- 


ESSEX    COUNTY    QUARRIES, 

(UROWN    STONE.) 

Tl  lie  color  .and  lasting  quality  of  the  stone  taken  from  the 
Essex  County  Quarries  has  no  equal,  and  although  the 
expense  of  getting  it  out  of  the  ground  militates  somewhat 
against  its  general  use,  yet  much  of  it  already  adorns  the  walls 
of  many  of  our  most  attractive  buildings  and  building  places. 
This  is  only  a  single  jiroof  that  the  first  settlers  of  Essex  built 
better  than  they  knew,  it  being  years  afterwards  before  the 
wealth  hidden  under  the  soil  in  her  brown  stone,  which  required 
but  the  pick  and  shovel,  the  drill  and  the  derrick,  with  the 
genius  to  manage  the  work  of  quarrying  and  the  energy  to 
work  out  the  success  which  has  crowned  the  efforts  to  bring  it 
forth  to  the  light  of  day  where  its  beauty  may  be  seen  and 
its  high  qualities  for  building  purposes  appreciated.     In  looking 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


IS 


over  the  histoiy  of  the  brown  stone  hiterests  of  Essex  County 
it  has  been  found  that  quarries  have  been  opened  as  early  as 
1700,  and  stone  taken  therefrom  to  construct  the  substantial  old 
farm  houses,  mills,  etc.,  which  remain  to  this  day,  showing 
evidences  that  give  warrant  of  qualities  good  for  another 
century.  Long  before  marble  came  into  vogue  here  as  a  mater- 
ial from  which  to  make  grave-stones,  tablets  and  monuments, 
brown  stone  was  used. 

Quarries  for  getting  out  these  stones  were  worked  in  several 
townships,  beginning  at  Newark  and  extending  as  far  north  as 
Franklin  and  including  Belleville,  Bloomfield  and  Orange. 
The  Belleville  quarries,  which  are  located  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  Passaic  river,  now  the  town  of  Franklin,  are  about  one- 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Avondale  station,  on  the  Newark  and 
Paterson  railroad.  The  first  opening  was  made  in  or  near  this 
place  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  stone  for  building,  more 
than  a  century  and  a  half  ago.     Since  1857  they  have  been  vig- 


almost  breathless  with  excitement  over  the  discovery  of  the 
remarkable  geological  fact  that  somewhere  away  back  in  the 
past  ages,  there  had  been  a  slip,  the  west  side  appearing  to 
have  slipped  down,  as  the  corresponding  beds  on  either  side 
would  indicate.  It  will  be  remembered  that  when  the  earth 
trembled  and  shook  so  extensively  all  along  the  Atlantic  coast 
several  years  ago,  nearly  destroying  Charleston  and  doing  great 
injury  all  along  the  sea,  that  many  of  our  scientific  men  attrib- 
uted the  trouble  to  a  general  slipping  of  one  rock  form- 
ation over  another,  with  its  "  dip  "  toward  the  sea,  caused  by  a 
sort  of  general  commotion  among  the  forces  within  the  earth. 
But  as  we  have  no  business  in  this  field  of  exploration,  where 
every  fact  established  must  be  worked  from  the  processes  car- 
ried on  in  the  great  laboratory  of  nature,  we  leave  scientific 
reasoning  out  of  the  why  and  the  wherefore  of  this,  or  that, 
where  it  belongs,  or,  in  short,  in  the  hands  of  men  better  able 
and  more  willing  to  cope  with  it. 


^.    >;  .^-  ~,<  -   -S 


n 


'i'llllll,,,,, 

iiiiiiiiiii 

:pHiiiiiiiiiiHi!i| 


^'}^M 


VIEW  ON  BRO.VD  STREET,  LOOKING  SOUTH   FROM  MARKET  SIREET    IN    1 84O. 


orously  worked.  The  production  has  been  greatly  increased 
since  that  time.  From  three  to  five  hundred  men  are  employed 
steadily  in  quarrying  the  blocks  and  in  dressing  the  stones  in 
yards  nearby.  Cook's  Geological  report  for  1881  (and  probably 
the  last  ever  made  by  that  eminent  scholar)  says  :  "  The  work- 
ings move  in  a  generally  westward  direction,  extending  from 
within  a  few  rods  of  the  river  road  into  the  gently  rising  ridge. 
All  of  them  descend  below  the  tide  level  of  the  river.  The 
overlying  earth  is  glacial  drift,  containing  much  red  sand-stone 
and  in  places,  imbeded  sands  and  gravel."  One  fact  has  been 
made  patent  to  every  quarryman,  viz.:  That  the  deeper  he  goes 
the  better  the  stone,  the  quality  improving  with  the  increasing 
depth  of  earth  and  consequent  increase  of  pressure  to  which 
the  stone  is  subjected.  He  also  says  that  what  is  termed  the 
"  dip  "  of  the  strata  is  toward  the  northwest  and  at  an  angle 
of  from  10  to  II  degrees.     The  Professor  is  said  to  have  been 


A  fact  which  grows  sterner  as  the  workings  of  these  quarries, 
where  the  stores  of  wealth  he  packed  away  in  such  enormous 
quantities  as  to  be,  and  remain  for  even  thousands  of  years 
incalculable,  and  as  the  depth  from  whence  they  come  increases 
the  more  Herculian-like,  becomes  the  work  of  the  elevation  of 
the  great  blocks  from  their  beds  to  the  surface  without  the  least 
assistance  from  gravity,  all  the  workings  moving  with  the  "  dip." 

In  moving  the  stone,  mighty  derricks  are  used  to  first  lift  tlie 
blocks.  These  are  run  by  steam  and  consequently  must  be 
sound  in  every  part.  A  weakness  in  any  plate,  or  flaw  any- 
where pointing  to  danger  and  disaster,  as  certain  as  the  mag- 
netic needle  to  the  pole.  The  latest  United  States  schedule 
placed  the  value  of  the  stone  quarried  in  a  single  year  from  one 
quarry,  at  a  quarter  of  a  million,  placing  the  selling  price  of 
the  light  grey  stone  at  one  dollar  per  cubic  foot,  and  the  fine 
grained  reddish  colored  sand-stone,  suitable  for  rubbing,   was 


16 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J..  ILLUSTRATED. 


fixed  at  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  cubic  foot.  The  Mills 
building,  lately  constructed  at  the  corner  of  Broad  street  and 
Exchange  jilacc,  New  \()rk  city,  consumed  almost  the  entire 
output  of  the  Belleville  quarries  during  iS8o  and  1881. 

What  is  Unown  as  the  Joyce  quarry,  having  taken  to  the  hill 
more  than  the  others,  has  now  a  depth  of  about  100  feet.  The 
Robinson  and  Philips,  which  have  a  vuiited  opening  of  500  square 
feet,  averages  only  about  50  feet  in  depth.  Newark  is  repre- 
sented by  four  great  openings,  from  which  excellent  stone  is 
being  ([uarried,  giving  a  handsome  return  to  those  who  have 
made  investments.  It  is  remarkable,  and  to  the  investor,  no 
tloubt,  a  pleasant  fact,  that  these  qu.irries  when  worked  out  of 
paying  stone  have  not  been  troubled  with  the  dip  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  interfere  with  their  availability  for  building  sites. 

The  supply  of  cheap  brown  stone  for  foundations,  etc.,  lias 
been  the  source  of  quite  an  incoiue  to  quarrymen,  they  realizing 


N 


TRAP  ROCK. 
EXT  in  importance  to  the  brown  stone  which  adorns,  beauti- 
fies and  enriches  the  dwelling  houses  and  business  places 
of  the  fortunate  possessors  of  the  hills  and  mountains  of  Essex 
County,  comes  the  trap  rock,  which  makes  durable  and  smooth 
our  highways  and  pathways,  the  streets  and  avenues,  where  the 
carriages  of  the  citizens  may  roll,  bringing  comfort  to  their 
bodies  who  first  seized  upon  the  fact  which  had  long  been  made 
a  manifestation  through  accident.  The  accident  made  itself 
manifest  in  this  wise.  Through  the  outcropping  of  this  peculiar 
kmd  of  stone  in  places  where  highways  in  course  of  time  were 
opened  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  settlers  access  to  places 
which  were  springing  up  in  different  sections  of  the  county- 
These  highways  or  public  roads,  w'hen  opened,  were  sometimes 
worked  as  'twas  said,  and  sometimes  not.  Here  it  was  where  the 
not  came  in  that  these  roads  or  public  highways  crossed  these 


VIEW  ON  M.ARKET  ST1*EET,%OOKING  WEST  FROM  BRO.'\D  STREET,  IN   1 840. 


from  five  jo  twenty-five  cents  per  cubic  foot.  Not  alone  in  the 
money  value  are  these  cheap  stones  to  be  considered,  but  they 
have  long  been  found  useful  and  valuable  to  the  builder  and 
will  increase  in  this  direction  as  the  di.il  nf  time  keeps  on 
moving. 

In  all  probability,  the  largest  blocks  of  lirinvn  stone  have  been 
raised  from  the  (piarry  of  F.  \V.  Shrump,  which  is  located 
farther  westward  than  any  other  in  the  county.  The  stone  is  of 
grayish  color  and  blocks  have  been  t.iken  out  measuring  30  feet 
long.  Ill  feet  wide  and  to  feet  thick.  All  the  heavy  work  of 
this  quarry  is  performed  by  steam  power.  The  stone  is  then 
trans])orted  via.  Morris  C.in.d,  two  and  one-half  miles  distant,  and 
by  railroads  at  Montclair,  Orange,  etc.  lUiilders  use  the  stone 
from  this  quarry  chielly  for  church  building  and  trinuuings. 
Many  representative  structures  can  be  seen  in  New  York, 
Newark,  the  Oranges,  etc. 


outcroppings  of  trap  rock  and  showing  no  evidence  of  necessity 
for  repairs,  but  which  gave  abundant  evidence,  in  the  course  of 
time,  of  the  great  value  of  this  peculiar  kind  of  rock  material 
for  road  making  by  the  wonderful  durability  and  smoothness  of 
wear  it  was  discovered  to  possess.  To  this  material  Essex 
County  is.  no  doubt,  to  a  great  extent  indebted  for  the  wide, 
smooth  and  broad  avenues  of  which  she  boasts  to-day.  That 
she  has  a  just  right  to  boast,  one  has  only  to  take  a  ride  or 
drive  over  these  avenues,  and  conviction  will  follow  with  rapid 
strides. 

Then  a  debt  of  gratitude  is  due  the  men  who  have  been  found 
willing  to  open  the  quarries,  get  up  the  stone  crackers,  attach 
the  steam  ])ower  and  furnish  to  the  road  builders  stone  in  all 
the  sizes  which  long  experience  has  proved  the  most  available. 
While  the  stone  men  or  the  men  who  have  delved  in  the  Orange 
Mountains"  rough  sides  in  search   of  the  quality   of  stone  the 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


17 


most  desirable  for  the  uses  and  purposes  set  forth  in  the  order 
from  unl<nown  parties  or  from  wherever  it  may  have  emanated. 
Among  the  quarrymen  there  has  ever  been  a  generous 
rivalry,  and  the  orders  for  the  largest  consumers  of  the  broken 
"  trap  "  has  led  to  a  business  competition  which  has  driven  the 
price  per  ton  down  with  each  new  call  for  competitory  bidding, 
the  fortunate  winner  often  securing  the  prize  on  a  big  quantity 
and  fine  quality  with  a  margin  of  only  a  half  dollar  or  less  on 
the  ton  to  secure  the  contract.  Many  have  travelled  far  and 
crossed  the  ocean  to  reach  and  enjoy  such  a  sight  as  the  Giant's 
Causeway  presents.  A  similar  wonder  can  be  seen  any  time  in 
O'Rourke's  trap  rock  quarry,  on  the  face  of  the  First  Orange 
Mountain. 


j„. 


ESSEX  COUNTY   ROADS    AND  AVENUES. 

IE  e.\act  time  when  the  roads  and  avenues  in  the  county  of 
Essex  were  laid  out  is  involved  in  considerable  obscurity, 
but  certain  it  is  that  the  fine  wide  streets  known  as  Broad  and 
Market  streets,  in  the  settlement  of  Newark,  were  the  first  roads 
laid  out  by  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  The  first  road  on 
record  that  was  laid  out  by  the  Commissioners  of  Highways  is 
in  the  Essex  County  road  book,  and  bears  date  December  3d, 
1698,  and  refers  to  a  road  in  Elizabethtown,  which  at  that  period 
formed  a  part  of  Essex  County.  In  1705,  a  road  was  laid  out 
connecting  the  towns  of  Newark  and  Elizabethtown.  High 
Street  was  laid  out  as  a  legal  road  in  1709,  although  it  had 
been  used  for  a  highway  previous  to  that  date.  In  17 17,  several 
roads  had  been  laid  out  on  the  Newark  "  Neck  "  to  enable  the 
farmers  to  get  in  their  salt  hay,  and  the  old  Ferry  road  was 
extended  to  Hudson  County,  with  the  old-time  rope  ferry  boats 
to  convey  passengers  and  freight  across  the  Passaic  and  Hacken- 
sack  rivers.  In  1806,  the  Newark  and  Pompton  Turnpike 
Company  was  incorporated.  This  thoroughfare  ran  from  North 
Broad  Street,  now  Belleville  Avenue,  in  a  northwesterly  direction 
to  Bloomfield,  which  at  that  time  was  in  the  town  of  Newark; 
thence  to  Craneston,  now  Montclair,  and  over  the  First  Mountain, 
through  Caldwell  to  Pompton  Plains.  This  road  is  now  Bloom- 
field  Avenue  and  is  under  the  care  of  the  Essex  County  Road 
Board,  within  the  county  limits.  In  1811,  the  Newark  and 
Morristowii   turnpike  was   laid    out,  extending   the   old    South 


BALDWIN  HOMESTEAD,  AN  OLD  NEWARK  LANDMARK 


THE  OLD  PLANK  ROAD  FERRY-HOUSE. 

Orange  road  which  was  in  existence  years  before.  The  princi- 
pal roads  and  avenues  running  through  the  county,  connecting 
its  cities,  towns  and  villages,  are  all  fine  and  broad  avenues, 
well  paved  and  under  the  care  of  the  Essex  County  Road  Board. 
This  Board  had  its  origin  in  the  far-sighted  and  public-spirited 
Llewellyn  S.  Haskell,  the  founder  of  Llewellyn  Park,  West 
Orange.  Some  years  after  he  had  completed  that  beautiful 
park,  Mr.  Haskell  conceived  the  idea  of  making  all  of  Essex 
County  one  grand  park  with  Newark  as  a  centre.  His  idea  was 
to  take  the  principal  thoroughfares  leading  out  from  Newark, 
grade  and  pave  them  so  as  to  make  easy  and  pleasant  drives 
and  then  connect  them  by  lateral  roads.  In  pursuance  of  this 
plan,  Mr.  Haskell  procured  from  the  legislature  of  1868,  a  law 
incorporating  the  Essex  County  Road  Board.  The  first  members 
of  the  Board  were  Llewellyn  S.  Haskell,  William  H.  Murphy 
and  Francis  McGrath.  The  law  was  found  to  be  defective  and 
a  supplement  was  passed  in  1869,  increasing  the  number 
of  commissioners  to  five.  The  first  commissioners  so  ap- 
pointed were  A.  Bishop  Baldwin,  of  South  Orange,  William  H. 
Murphy,  of  Newark,  Jesse  Williams,  of  Orange,  George  Peters, 
of  Newark,  and  Robert  M.  Henning,  of  Montclair.  Mr.  Mur- 
phy soon  resigned,  and  Mr.  Timothy  W. 
Lord,  of  Newark,  was  appointed  in  his 
pl.Lce.  To  these  five  citizens  is  due  the 
credit  of  the  magnificent  system  of  county 
roads  in  charge  of  the  Road  Board,  which 
form  in  Essex  County  a  system  of  drives 
that  is  unequalled  anywhere  in  the  vicinity 
of  New  York.  The  avenues  in  charge  of 
tlie  Road  Board  are,  Frelinghuysen  ave- 
nue, extending  from  Astor  street,  Newark, 
tu  Elizabeth  ;  Springfield  avenue,  from  the 
Couit  House  in  Newark,  through  Irving- 
ton,  South  Orange  and  Millburn,  to  the 
Morris  county  line  ;  South  Orange  avenue, 
from  Springfield  avenue,  Newark,  through 
X'ailsburgh  and  South  Orange,  and  up  to 
the  county  line ;  Central  avenue,  from 
Iiroad  street,  Newark,  to  the  Valley  road. 
West  Orange  ;  Park  avenue,  running  from 
Bloomfield  avenue,  Newark,  to  Llewellyn 
Park,  West  Orange ;  Bloomfield  avenue, 
from  Belleville  avenue,  Newark,  to  the 
county  line  in  Caldwell,  and  Washington 
■  avenue,  from  Belleville  avenue,  Newark, 
'through  Belleville  and  Franklin,  to  Passaic. 


IS 


ESSEX  COfXTY.  .Y.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


SLAVERY  IN  ESSEX  COUNTY. 

THE  fact  that  negro  slavery  was  first  introduced  into  the 
American  colonies  in  the  year  1619  is  well  authenticated, 
and  as  will  be  seen  when  compared  with  the  records,  this 
event  so  portentious  to  the  weal  and  the  woe  of  the  great 
republic,  occurred  nearly  fifty  years  before  the  settlement  of 
Essex  County.  Eggleston's  School  History,  which,  no  doubt, 
has  the  correct  version,  gives  the  account  of  it,  as  follows  : 
•' The  same  year  in  which  the  great  charter  reached  Virginia, 
there  came  a  Dutch  shi])  in  the  James  river  which  sold  nineteen 
negroes  to  the  planters.  They  were  the  first  slaves  in  Amer- 
ica." In  those  days  it  was  thought  right  to  make  slaves  of 
negroes  because  they  were  heathen  ;  but  for  a  long  time  the 
number  of  slaves  that  came  into  the  colonies  was  small. 
White  bond  servants  did  most  of  the  labor  in  Maryland  and 
Virginia  mitil  about  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  when 
the  high  price  of  tobacco  (which  had  become  the  staple   corn- 


few  slaves,  passed  acts  of  emancipation  and  set  their  negroes 
free.  Very  different  was  it  wdiere  the  burden  of  labor  fell  on 
the  shoulders  of  him  who  had  been  purchased  for  the  purpose. 

Out  of  this  situation  of  affairs  grew  the  slavei-y  c|uestion — the 
differences  between  the  free  and  the  slave  states,  and  finally  led 
up  to  the  late  civil  war.  At  first  the  slaves  did  not  speak 
English,  and  they  practiced  many  wild  African  customs.  .Some 
of  them  were  fierce  and  the  people  became  afraid  of  their 
peculiar  manceuvres.  Great  harshness  was  used  in  many  places 
to  subdue  them.  Eggleston  reports  one  of  these  in  New  York 
City,  in  17 12,  when  twenty-four  negroes  were  put  to  death.  In 
1740,  an  uprising  of  them  in  South  Carolina  led  to  a  battle,  in 
which  the  negroes  were  routed.  By  a  reference  to  the  record  it 
will  be  found  tliat  Oueen  Anne  gave  encouragement  to  the 
Royal  African  Company  of  England,  of  which  the  Duke  of  York 
was  president,  offering  as  a  bounty  for  each  able  .African  slave 
introduced,  sixty-five  acres  of  land,  as  a  further  inducement 
and   to    encourage  and   make  their  inhumanity  more  inhuman. 


' .  «;~<-.^  >-:«^..jS«i,*^  •  t.r?*&«f^?r*^  *^*-" 


VIEW    OF    NEWARK    FROM    ST.    FRANCIS    SIKEET,    IN    1875. 


modity,  of  which  large  quantities  was  r.iisetl  for  exportation) 
caused  a  great  many  negroes  to  be  brought.  About  the  same 
time  the  introduction  of  rice  in  South  Carolina  created  a  great 
demand  for  slaves. 

It  didn't  take  long  for  tlu-  institution,  b.arbarous  though  it  was, 
to  reach  all  the  colonies.  Even  New  Jersey  failed  in  the  hour 
of  trial,  and  in  the  face  of  large  profits  to  be  derived  from  slave 
labor,  to  keep  her  skirts  free.  Nor  did  Essex  County  offer  any 
serious  resistance  to  its  introduction,  even  among  her  I'uritanic 
families,  who  had  grown  rich  and  independent.  Even  New 
England,  over  which  the  breezes  from  Plymouth  Rock  came 
over  hill  and  dale  .and  spread  its  religious  influences  broadcast, 
failed  to  set  u])  any  stable  barrier  against  it.  For  tilling  the 
soil,  New  England,  as  well  as  New  York,  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania,  soon  found  negro  slavery  unprofitable,  and  it  was 
eariy  abandoned,  except  where  they  could  be  made  use  of  as 
house  servants.     After  the  Revolution,  the  colonies  which  had 


by  keeping  up  a  full  supply  of  merchantable  negroes  at  (mark  the 
stain)  reasonable  rates. 

One  fact  stands  out  prominently  all  through  the  conduct  of 
this  nefarious  business — so  long  as  England  profited  by  the 
traffic  in  African  slaves,  she  held  out  a  liberal  encouragement  to 
those  who  had  sunk  so  low  in  the  scale  of  humanity  as  to  be- 
come slave  tradeis.  Thus  the  stain  sank  deeper,  until  the  pen, 
proving  mightier  than  the  sword,  broke  the  galling  chains  asunder, 
and  the  proclamation  of  Abraham  Lincoln  set  the  slaves  free. 

The  wealthy  people  of  Essex  County  were  not  slow  (even 
though  of  good  old  Puritan  stock)  to  give  countenance  to  the 
weakness  for  getting  cheap  labor  through  the  channel  of  human 
slaveiy,  and  while  they  did  not  drain  it  to  the  very  dregs  as  they 
did  in  the  tobacco  and  rice  growing  colonies,  no  house  of  preten- 
sions but  had  its  servants  from  among  those  of  whom  Bryant  sang: 

Men  from  England  bought  and  sold  me, 
I-'aid  my  price  in  paltry  gold. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


W 


Neither  was  their  broad  acres  properly  tilled  without  labor 
bought  in  the  markets.  When  taken  as  a  whole,  slavery  in  New 
Jersey  didn't  pay,  and  while  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  others 
of  the  sisterhood  early  compelled  their  legislatures  to  pass  acts 
abolishing  the  practice  of  purchasing  and  holding  humans  in 
bondage,  New  Jersey  satisfied  her  conscience  by  acts  of  gradual 
emancipation. 

In  1790,  the  census  reported  11,423  slaves  as  held  in  New 
Jersey,  the  larger  number  of  these  being  owned  and  used  as 
house  servants  in  the  territory  of  the  "State  of  Essex." 
Notwithstanding  this  situation  of  affairs,  there  were  many 
who  dared  to  raise  their  voices  against  the  inhuman  practice. 

In  1804,  public  opinion  had  been  so  far  swayed  that  an  act  of 
gradual  emancipation  was  passed.     This  gave  freedom  to  the 


nearly  all   of  whom   are  descendants  of  those  who  had  seen 
service  as  slaves,  mostly  in  the  southern  states. 

Many  other  features  of  the  institution  of  slavery  which  would 
be  of  interest  to  our  readers  might  be  introduced  here,  but 
space  will  not  permit. 

WATER  SUPPLY. 

THE  water  supply  of  Esse.\  County  is  not  a  question  of  how 
long  or  from  whence,  but  is  an  old  established  institution 
found  complete  in  all  its  details  and  rippling  all  over  the 
hill  tops  and  down  the  mountain  sides,  when  the  intended 
affianced  bride  of  farmer  Josiah  Ward,  the  19-year-old  daughter 
of  Captain  Swaine,  had  stepped  ashore,  thus  winning  the  position 
of  honor,  and  kissed  the  consecrating  kiss  which  needed  but  the 


VIKW    IN    NKW  ARK..    N.   J.,   LOOKING   NORTHWEST   FROM   FREF.MAN   STRF.ET. 


men  and  women,  but  the  masters  were  compelled,  under  the 
law,  to  maintain  them  as  long  as  they  lived.  This  act  gave 
freedom  to  all  children  born  in  slavery,  the  boys  at  25  and  the 
girls  at  21  years  of  age.  A  short  time  afterward  an  amendatory 
act  was  passed  reducing  the  ages  to  21  for  boys  and  iS  for  girls. 
There  is  now  living  in  Esse.v;  County  several  of  those  whose 
freedom  came  through  the  workings  of  the  amendatory  part  of 
the  act.  Mrs.  Hannah  Mandeville,  the  widow  of  Anthony,  now 
in  her  77th  year,  and  still  hale  and  hearty,  is  living  in  Newark, 
at  No.  14  Hacket  Street,  where  she  enjoys  the  competency  her 
good  man  left  her,  and  is  never  happier  than  when  rehearsing 
the  history  of  her  life. 

Essex  County  has  quite  a  large  number  of  colored  people. 


wedded  bliss  to  wake  the  bud  of  hope  nestling  snug  in  the  blos- 
som of  good  wishes  now  ready  to  bloom  for  the  Connecticut 
farmers  on  the  soil  of  Essex  County.  First,  the  Pasayic  river 
had  started  away  back  where  the  delicate  squaw  and  the  wee 
little  Indian  papoose  (baby)  had  sipped  the  cool  draught  along- 
side the  white  lily  pad  where  the  wild  deer  raised  no  objections, 
here  and  there  covering  a  hiding-place  for  the  wild  duck,  the 
wild  goose  and  the  plover,  slowing  down  till  she  formed  the  big 
and  the  little  piece  of  meadow,  that  muskrats,  the  mink,  and 
now  and  then  a  beaver,  to  take  time  bv  the  forelock  and  get 
things  in  readiness  to  meet  winter's  cold  selections,  and  then 
beckoned  on  by  the  rocky  way,  called  Little  Falls,  in  order  to 
make    preparations   for   the    final    leap    at   the   great    falls    in 


20 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Paterson,  to  be  caught  in  the  arms  of  hei'  cystal  veiled  lover,  where 
the  tide  ebbs  and  flows  a  few  miles  below,  and  timidly  glides  on 
to  the  Haclcensack,  Newark  bay,  Kill  von  Kull  and  the  ocean. 

Next  in  importance  to  the  Passaic  river,  (which  for  many  years 
supplied  the  people  of  the  City  of  Newark  for  domestic, 
economical  and  various  others,  the  most  important  among  them 
being  for  lire  purposes)  comes  the  east  and  west  branches  of 
the  Rahway  river,  the  Elizabeth  river  and  other  small  spring 
brooks,  brooklets,  etc.,  etc.  The  above  named  covering  the 
natural  water  resources  of  the  county  of  Essex,  we  turn  to  the 
water  supply  made  available  through  the  genius  of  the 
engineering  craft.  Their  work  resulted  in  the  introduction  of 
aqueduct  water  into  the  peoples'  houses  through  the  medium  of 
wooden  pipes.  On  November  17,  iSoo,  the  first  water  company 
was  formed.  Its  board  of  directors  consisted  of  John  N.  Cum- 
mings,  Nathaniel  Camp,  Jesse  Baldwin,  Nathaniel  Beach, 
Stephen  Hays.  James  Hedden,  Jabez  Parkhurst,  David  D.  Crane, 
Joseph  L.  Baldwin,  Luthur  Coble,  Aaron  Ross,  John  Burnett 
and  William  Halsey,  all  honored  names.     Wooden  pipes  were 


excellent  fur  domestic  purposes.  Experiment  proved  pretty 
conclusively  that  the  driving  must  continue  to  a  point  far  below 
the  tide  level  in  order  to  get  the  benefit  of  nature's  filters. 
After  expending  nearly  §50,000,  the  wells  were  boarded  up  in 
order  to  keep  man  or  beast  from  unwittingly  or  unwillingly  tak- 
ing their  death  of  cold  through  a  bath  taken  out  of  season,  and 
so  have  remained  as  a  monument  to  mark  the  beginning  of  a 
project  (however  meritorious  it  may  have  been)  in  a  hurry,  and 
left  to  moulder  away  like  all  things  earthy  and  the  recollections 
thereof  left  to  fade  through  the  lapse  of  time. 

BRANCH     BROOK. 

THE  first  supply  which  came  to  the  people  of  Newark  was 
gathered  from  a/>er/  little  stream,  known  as  Branch  Brook, 
which  gathered  the  waters  of  many  springs  which  abounded  in  the 
region  lying  to  the  north  and  northeast  of  the  Morris  &  Essex; 
R.  R.,  and  when  the  little  reservoir  on  Orange  street,  and  the 
other  reservoir — a  combination  designed  by  the  architect  and 
the  builder — the  latter  making  sure  in  laying  its  foundations  and  ' 


VIEW   ON   LINCOLN   PARK    AND   WASHINGTON   STREET,   NEWARK,   N.   J. 


used  until  1828,  when  steps  were  taken  for  substituting  iron 
therefore.  Under  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  iVIarch  20, 
i860,  the  Newark  board  was  constituted,  and  by  that  authority 
the  transfer  was  made  to  the  City  of  Newark  "  of  the  capital 
stock  and  all  the  rights  and  franchises,  lands  and  property,  real 
and  personal,  of  the  Newark  Aqueduct  Company,"  the  con- 
sideration being  $100,000. 

About  this  time  the  driven-well  craze  came  into  vogue,  and 
the  company,  anxious  to  advance  the  best  interests  of  the  city, 
had  about  forty  of  these  sand  crabs  driven,  varying  in  depth 
from  forty  to  forly-eight  feet.  By  dint  of  extraordinary- 
exertions  they  managed  to  make  them  yield  about  100,000 
gallons  every  forty-eight  hours  of  what  was  doubtless  Passaic 
water,  though  somewhat  improved  by  being  filtered  through  the 
bed  of  sand  and  gravel  provided  by  the  river.  The  water  was 
clear  and  had  a  pleasant  taste  and  would  have  proved,  no  doubt, 


rearing  the  superstruction.  that  there  should  be  nothing  in  the 
way  of  its  drawing  a  certain  percentage  of  the  water  to  keep  her 
full  to  the  brim,  and  which  might,  under  pressing  conditions,  be 
drawn  from  the  Morris  canal,  which  took  water  from  Hopatcong 
and  Greenwood  lake,  which  was  far  better  than  the  later 
introduced, 

PASSAIC   SUPPLY. 

As  Newark,  the  chief  city  of  the  County  of  Essex,  grew  in 
population,  and  the  people  grew  rich  and  important,  the 
/>e>i  little  brook  was  no  longer  sufticient  for  the  manufacturers' 
and  peoples'  wants,  and  the  demand  arose  for  a  larger  supply, 
and  without  the  care  and  caution  which  all  great  undertakings 
usually  command,  the  Passaic  river  was  tapped  just  above  Belle- 
ville, that  the  increasing  water  needs  of  Essex's  chief  city  should 
have  its  water  supply  increased  for  its  wants.  Not  long  after,  or  in 
1 868-'69,  a  pumping  station  had  been  built  and  furnished  with 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /..  ILLUSTRATED. 


21 


atl  the  late  improved  pumping  apparatus,  and  great  reservoirs 
had  been  constructed  to  contain  the  combined  energies  of  the 
entire  apparatus.  It  began  to  leak  out  (not  the  water,  but  the 
fact)  that  the  sewage  from  the  great  capital  city  was  chiefiv 
responsible  for  certain  contaminations  of  the  Passaic's — once 
crystal  fluid — which  not  alone  could  be  seen,  but  which  it  was 
said  had  grown  so  strong  as  to  be  easily  felt  as  the  tides  ebbed 
and  flowed  across  the  sill  of  its  wide  open  door. 

PEQUANNOCK. 

WHILE  it  cannot  be  said  that  the  great  Pequannock  water 
sheds,  reservoirs,  etc.,  belong  in  reality  to  Kssex,  yet  it 
conies  booming  down  the  mountains  and  winding  through  the 
valleys  until  when  it  reaches  the  boundary  line  and  opens  its 
flood-gates  of  pure  mountain  spring  water  into  the  great  rec^v- 
ing  reservoirs  near  Belleville,  which  were  closed  to  Passaic's 
poUutedwaters  (late  discovered")  but  stood  with  outstretched 


ARTESIAN  WELLS. 

ALL  over  the  county,  in  many  a  nook  or  corner  where  such  a 
thing  would  never  have  been  suspected,  arc  artesian  wells 
tapping  mother  earth,  where  beneath  the  shell  babbles  many  a 
sylvan  brook  and  rest  quiet  lakes  of  purest  water,  undisturbed 
by  the  pretty-hued  fishes  which,  with  many  a  dart  and  swirl, 
shoot  from  one  water  cave  to  another  and  where  gently  rising 
through  seam  and  crevice,  it  reaches  the  surface  and,  in  beds  of 
sand  and  gravel,  by  nature  formed,  provides  a  home  and  harvest 
for  the  finny  friends  of  man. 

Essex  County  In  The  Revolution. 

T<J  the  lot  of  a  very  few,  indeed,  of  her  sisters  did  it  fall  to 
play  such  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary  War.     Her 
geographical  position  was  such  that  the  doors  were  left 
wide  open  to  its  ravages,  and  hers,  from  necessity,  if  from  no 
other  cause,  could  not  remain  anything  but  an  out  and  out 


VIEW   ON   W.ASHINGTON   PARK    AND   WASHINGTON   STREET,   NEWARK,   N.   J. 


arms  to  welcome  i'equannock's  supply  to  its  embrace.  As  we 
reach  the  subject  of  water  supply  more  in  detail  in  another 
chapter  of  this  book,  the  reasons  which  stand  out  boldly  in 
proof  of  the  fact  that  few  cities  (if  any)  in  the  republic  are  sup- 
plied with  water  answering  all  purposes  to  a  greater  degree  than 
that  which  the  Pequannock  furnishes,  will  be  given. 

ORANGE  GETS  WATER. 

THE  bright  little  city  of  Orange,  the  second  in  size  of  the 
cities  of  Essex  County,  whose  people  made  frequent  and 
repeated  demands  for  a  better  supply  of  water  and  this  they 
finally  procured.  By  building  a  dam  across  the  west  branch  of 
the  Rahway  river,  between  the  first  and  second  Orange 
mountains,  the  waters  of  that  sylvan  stream  were  staid  back  till 
a  sufficient  amount  was  husbanded  to  meet  the  wants  of  the 
beautiful  city. 


patriotic  and  dangerous  position.  As  soon  as  the  tocsin 
sounded  and  war.  cruel  war,  was  at  her  doors,  the  mass  of  her 
people,  who  were  patriots  to  the  core,  and  lovers  of  liberty  and 
freedom  of  the  most  exhalted  type,  they  began  playing  the 
heaviest  parts  on  the  what  proved  a  bloody  stage.  They  had 
heard  the  shrill  blasts  of  the  truinpet  of  liberty  which  was  echo- 
ing throughout  the  land,  and  the  despicable  stamp  act  of  the 
mother  country*  had  fired  the  hearts  of  the  lovers  of  freedom 
everywhere  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  colonies, 
and  it  found  the  children  of  Essex  ready  to  snap  asunder  the 
ties  that  bound  them  to  the  mother  country'.  Notwithstanding 
the  fact  of  their  loyalty  to  the  king  and  a  religious  desire  for 
peace,  they  were  ready  to  take  up  arms  in  defense  of  their  liber- 
ties and  rights. 

As  in  all  other  sections  of  the  country,  there  were  those  who, 
from  one  cause  or  another,  had  a  lack  of  patriotism  or  were 
open  and  avowed  royalists  or  tories  and  cast  the  weight  of  their 


22 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J..  ILLUSTRATED. 


iiiHuence  and  money  aijainst  the  patriots,  they  beinjj  mostly  of 
the  wealthier  class  and  such  as  liad  been  in  the  enjoyment  of 
favots  ffom  the  king. 

The  ringing  declaration  of  Patrick  Henry.  "  Give  me  liberty, 
or  give  me  death,"  was  being  everywhere  rehearsed,  and  the 
very  safest  place  possible  for  the  tory  and  his  family  was  where 
they  coidd  have  the  protection  of  King  George's  red-coated 
batallions. 

So  loyal  had  the  Jersey  Blues  proved  in  the  French  war,  his 
majesty  felt  terribly  disappointed  and  chagrined  when  he  found 
the  Jersey  nu-n  patriots  to  the  core,  except  as  before  said,  those 
who  became  traitors  to  the  cause  and  tale-bearers  to  the  king's 
troops,  and  who  thus  were  exposing  the  ]iatriots  to  greater 
dangers  and  unnecessary  sufferings. 

The  enthusiasm  which  Esse.x  County  manifested  in  the  cause 


troops  to  serve  in  the  continental  army,  on  the  9th  day  of 
October,  1775;  the  provincial  congress  of  New  Jersey,  then 
sitting  in  Trenton,  had  the  call  laid  before  them  on  the  I3tli. 
when  other  than  the  news  ]ireceding  it  having  reached  congress. 
the  illustrious  John  Hancock  accomiianied  the  call  with  a  r<- 
(|uest  for  several  battalions  of  men,  saying,  "  The  congress  h.is 
the  firmest  confidence  that  from  your  experienced  zeal  in  tin 
great  cause.  You  will  e.xert  your  utmost  endeavors  to  carry  the 
said  resolutions  into  effect  with  all  possible  expedition." 

The  people  hastened  to  fill  the  roll,  not  because  of  the  men- 
pittance  of  \'we  tloUars  a  month  which  they  would  receive  for 
the  service,  but  because  their  hearts^'ere  fired  with  zeal  for  tin 
cause  and  their  bosoms  swelled  with  pride  that  they  weri 
privileged  to  take  part  in  the  glorious  battles  for  liberty. 

The  patriots  of  Essex,  their  close  proximity  to  New  York  ami 


VIEW   ON    BROAD   .STREET,    LOOKING   NORTH    FKO.M    .\I.\RKET   STREET. 


in  which  the  people  of  the  thirteen  colonies  were  engaged,  had 
few  parallels.  The  roar  of  the  British  lion  startled  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  sparsely-settled  region  of  the  New  Jersey  common- 
wealth, and  each  man  in  whose  bosom  burned  the  flame  of  free- 
dom and  was  ready  to  escape  from  tyranny  and  oppression, 
seized  fire-lock,  trusty  sword,  flint-lock  or  musket,  and  bore  well 
his  part  in  the  struggle  which  grew  more  fierce  as  the  nearly 
eight  years  diagged  their  slow  length  along. 

Her  position,  geographically  speaking,  on  the  direct  route  lie- 
tween  (as  they  were  even  at  that  early  day  called)  the  two  great 
commercial  cities  of  the  western  world,  placed  Essex  County 
between  the  upper  and  the  nether  mill  stones,  and  her  products, 
(says  Stryker's  'Jerseynuxn.  in  the  Revolutionary  War,)  made,  to 
a  certain  extent,  food  for  which  ever  .army  had  possession  clvning 
the  long  and  eventful  struggle. 

Congress,  then  sitting  in  I'hiladelphia,  making  its  first  call  for 


other  nearby  places  which  were  uiider  the  contiol  of  King 
C;eorge's  troops,  left  them  exposed  to  the  wickedness  of  those 
who  had  been  invited  to  leave  Essex  County  for  the  count)  's 
good,  and  while  the  general  public  suffered  more  or  less,  therr 
are  cases  of  individual  suffering  and  death  on  the  record  vvhicli 
are  most  heart-rending  and  cruel. 

Joseph  Atkinson,  in  his  "  History  of  Newark,"  compares  New 
Jersey  with  lielgium.  The  first  he  entitles  the  battle-ground  of 
the  revolution,  and  the  latter,  the  field  where  the  French  militar\ 
meteor,  the  great  Napoleon,  met  lasting  defeat.  Little  Belgiuu) 
was  his  chief  battle-ground.  Some  forty  years  before  Waterloo 
was  fought,  "  little  Jersey  "  was  the  Belgium  of  the  Anglo- 
American  conflict. 

As  we  take  a  survey  of  the  re\olutionary  field  and  give  the 
mind  free  play  over  "  the  times  which  tried  mens'  souls,"  we 
will  not  be  permitted  to  forget  how  our  forefathers  suffered  and 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


died  for  the  liberty  which  is  such  a  precious  boon  to  us  to-day. 
That  little  New  Jersey  and  her  daughter,  Essex,  and  the  latter's 
sisters,  the  misses  Mercer  and  Monmouth,  nobly  acted  their 
part,  we  have  only  to  revert  to  the  imperishable  pen  pictures 
historians  have  |iainted  and  the  many  war  scenes  and  bloody 
battle-grounds  which  dot  their  territory  over  and  bespangle 
their  battle-scarred  faces  o'er  and  o'er. 

From  Trenton,  in  Mercer,  where  Washington  pounced  on  the 
Hessians  and  convinced  them  by  proofs  irrefutable  that  there's 
virtue  in  the  habit  of  quite  early  rising,  for  Washington  had 
whispered  to  his  generals  and  they  in  turn  had  said  to  the  foot- 
sore soldiers  under  them,  "  When  the  cock  crows  for  the 
dawning," 

Let's  up  and  al  'em — 

Those  plaguy  old  Hessians, 
And  give  eacli  one  of  them 

A  choice  Christmas  dressing. 


County,  where  Parson  Caldwell  immortalized  his  name  and 
supplied  the  soldiers  with  a  new  stock  of  wadding  and  satisfied 
his  spirit  of  sorrow  and  revenge -the  British  soldiers  having 
wantonly  and  cruelly  murdered  his  wife  and  child  as  they  sat  in 
the  door  of  the  parsonage  watching  the  invading  army  march 

!>>••_ 

Not  satisfied  with  the  murder  of  the  parson's  wife  and  infant 
child,  they  proceeded  to  fire  the  little  town  and  soon  laid  it  in 
ashes.  Having  satisfied  their  fiendish  desires,  they  took  up  the 
line  of  retreat  for  Staten  Island,  the  Americans  keeping  up  a 
galling  fire  all  the  way  to  the  bay. 

.Some  years  ago.  while  Bret  Harte  was  paying  a  visit  to  the 
old  church  and  the  l)attle-ground  of  Springfield,  he  paid  the  fol- 
lowing tribute  to  the  memory  of  Caldwell  and  the  liatlle  of 
Springfield,  in  the  following  lines  penned  in  his  own  peculiar 
style  : 


VIEW    ON    CLINTON    AVENtJK    AND    HIGH    STREET,    NEWARK,    N.    J. 


Silently  through  snow  and  the  bitter  cold  of  a  winter  night, 
the  patriot  army  took  up  the  march,  and  when  daylight  was  just 
breaking,  Washington  had  crossed  the  Delaware,  which  was 
made  wild  by  the  winter's  upbreaking  of  its  December  ice,  and 
the  line  of  march  taken  for  Trenton,  four  miles  away.  And  yet 
the  first  that  Cornwallis  knew  of  the  little  trouble  at  Trenton 
was  the  thunder  of  Washington's  guns  at  Pnnceton.  Mercer 
having  done  her  part,  Monmouth  was  ready  to  support  her,  and 
right  royally  she  did  it,  with  Moll  Pitcher  to  help  her,  as  is  so 
graphically  and  in  sweet  poesy  told  by  Dr.  Thomas  Dunn 
English. 

At  Springfield,  we  touch  what  was  then  the  soil  of  old  Esse.x, 
where  Parson  Caldwell,  when  the  battle  was  the  thickest, 
rushed  into  his  church  and  gathered  up  the  books  called  Walts' 
hymns,  and  in  a  moment  was  out  again  and  rushing  from 
soldier  to  soldier,  exclaiming  as  he  ran  :  "  Give  them  Watts, 
boys,  give  'em  Watts  !  " — they  having  exhausted  their  wadding  ; 
and  the  old  church  still  stands  to  mark  the  spot,  now  in  Union 


Here's  the  spot.     Look  around  you      Above  on  the  heiglit 
Lay  the  Hessians  encamped.     By  that  church  on  the  right 
Stood  the  bold  Jersey  farmers,  and  here  ran  a  wall. 
You  may  dig  anywhere  and  you'll  turn  up  a  ball. 
Nothing  more.     Grasses  spring,  waters  run,  flowers  blow. 
Pretty  much  as  they  did  a  century  ago. 

Nothing  more  did  I  say  ?     Stay  one  moment.     You've  lieard 

Of  Caldwell,  the  parson,  who  once  preaclied  the  Word 

Down  at  Springfield?  What?  No?  Come,  that's  b.id.     Why,  he  liad 

All  the  Jerseys  aflame.     And  they  gave  him  the  name 

Of  "  I'he  rebel  high  priest."     He  stuck  in  their  gorge. 

He  loved  the  Lord  God,  and  he  hated  King  George. 

He  had  cause  you  might  say.     When  the  Hessians  that  day 
Marched  up  with  Knyphausen,  they  stopped  on  their  way 
At  the  "  Farms,"  where  his  wife,  with  a  child  in  her  arms, 
Sat  alone  in  the  house.     How  it  happened,  none  knew 
But  God  and  that  one  of  the  hirelmg  crew 
Who  fired  that  shot.     Enough  !     There  she  lay. 
And  Caldwell,  the  chaplain,  her  husband,  away. 


24: 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Did  be  preach  ?     Did  he  pray  ?     Think  ot  him  as  you  stand 

By  tlie  old  cliurch  to-day.     Thinl;  of  him  and  that  band 

Of  militant  plough-boys.     See  the  smoke  and  the  heat 

Of  that  reckless  advance — of  the  straggling  retreat. 

Keep  the  ghost  of  that  wife,  foully  slain,  in  your  view, 

.^nd  what  could  you,  what  should  you,  and  what  would  you  do  ? 

Why,  just  what  he  did.     They  were  left  in  the  lurch 

For  the  want  of  more  wadding.     He  ran  into  the  church, 

Uroke  the  door,  stripped  the  pews,  and  dashed  out  to  the  road 

With  his  arms  full  of  hymn  books,  and  threw^  down  his  load 

At  their  feet.     Then,  above  all  the  shouting  and  shots. 

Rang  his  voice  ;     "  Put  Watts  into  'em  boys  ;  give  'cm  Watts  !  " 

.And  they  did,  that's  all.     Grasses  grow,  waters  nui,  flowers  blow, 
Pretty  much  as  they  did  ninety-six  years  ago. 
You  may  dig  anywhere  and  you'll  turn  up  a  ball. 
But  not  always  a  hero  like  this,  and  that's  all. 


farms,  in  and  surrounding  tliese  noted  settlements,  were  well 
stocl<ed  w-itli  cattle  and  horses.  Tliere  was  plenty  of  grain, 
fodder  and  provisions,  and  it  was  esteemed  ricli  foraging 
ground  to  tlie  English  who  had  been  taught  to  believe  that 
the  patriots  were  naught  but  rebels  and  should  be  robbed  and 
])lundered  at  will,  their  houses,  barns  and  other  out-buildini;s 
committeed  to  the  flames,  while  their  contented  and  happ\ 
owners  were  dragged  away  to  foul  dungeons  and  prisons,  to  In 
tortured  and  starved,  (as  they  often  declared  they  should  be  i 
into  submission  to  the  king,  unless,  perchance,  death  should 
come  to  their  relief. 

Their  bitter  and  wanton  cruelty  had  a  marked  exhibition  on 
the  night  of  January  20,  1780.  The  weather  was,  and  had  been 
for  days,  so  piercingly  cold  that  the  North  river  was  frozen  ovci. 
Over  this  bridge  of  ice  marched  tlie  fiendish  hordes,  five  hundred 


VIEW   ON    MILIT,\RY    P.\RK    AND    P.ARK.    PL.\CE,    NEW.\RK,    N.   J. 


While  the  State  of  New  Jersey  was  ravaged  from  end  to  eiitl 
by  the  war  waged  so  unrelentingly  by  the  mother  country,  yet 
Kssex  County  must  and  did  bear  the  heaviest  end  of  the  burden. 
While  the  British  troops  occupied  New  York,  Newark  and 
Kssex  County  was  their  favorite  raiding  ground  and  foraging 
field.  For  years  the  people  slept  with  their  fire-locks  in  hand, 
ready,  at  the  first  alarm,  to  do  battle  for  life,  home,  kindred, 
neighbors  and  property,  so  close  were  the  relations,  and  so  inti- 
mate were  the  people  one  with  another.  The  Tories  would 
sally  forth,  banded  together,  or,  as  guides  to  British  troopers, 
would  seek  out  the  patriots  in  their  homes,  which,  in  many 
cases,  had  long  been  familiar,  take  the  men  prisoners,  insult  the 
ladies,  vandalize  the  properly,  and  slip  away  without  being 
molested.  This  did  not  so  often  happen  tliough.  since  the 
watch-fires  of  the  defenders  were  generally  kept  brightly  burn- 
ing, and  woe  was  it  to  him  who  approached  witlinut  the  pro]Hr 
countersign  and  pass-word. 

Newark  and  Elizabeth  were  prospering  townshi|)S,  with  many 
wealthy  families  who  had  been  on  familiar  terms  with  those  who 
had   turned  traitors  and   were   tlomiciled   in   New  York.      Tlie 


strong,  and  commanded,  or  rather  pretended  to  be  commanded, 
by  Major  Lumm.  At  Paulus  Hook,  the  band  of  red-coatid 
miscreants  formed  for  the  march  to  Newark,  with  eyes  glai  iui; 
away  to  the  w-ell-filled  larders  and  to  the  tables  spread  for  tin 
evening  meal  before  the  firesides  of  home.  Newark,  it  seenis, 
was  not  to  suffer  alone,  but  Elizabethtown  had  been  elected  t. 
share  its  woes.  The  same  night  a  band  of  troops  crossed  on  tin 
ice  from  Staten  Island  on  a  like  errand  for  plunder  and  ]ier- 
secution.  Not  content  with  the  result  of  their  plunderini; 
expedition  by  the  troops  of  Major  Lumm,  the  torch  w;i^ 
applied  to  the  new  academy,  and  that  pretty  building,  whiel 
was  the  pride  of  the  town,  was  soon  a  heap  of  smouldering  ruins 
This  building,  which  was  of  stone,  and  erected  on  the  uppc  1 
green  (now  Washington  park),  nearby  Washington  place  and 
Broad  street,  would,  in  all  probability,  have  been  standine, 
to-day  had  the  miscreant's  match  failed  to  create  the  sacrifiii.d 
blaze. 

The  sacrilege  committed  by  Major  Lumm's  command  li.id 
more  than  a  counterpart  when  the  Elizabeth  contingent  of 
robbers,  murderers  and  incendiarists  sent  the  First  Presbyterian 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Church  up  in  fire  and  smoke.  The  flames  of  this  memorable 
structure  illumined  the  horizon  for  miles  around  and  alarmed 
the  Lumm  soldiers,  who  mistook  the  fire  for  a  movement  of  the 
Americans.  At  all  events,  they  beat  a  hasty  retreat  from 
Newark. 

As  they  left  the  town  they  vented  their  malignity  on  one  of 
the  most  prominent  patriots  of  the  place,  Justice  Joseph  Hedden, 
Jr.  This  gentleman  came  of  a  family  noted  for  courage  and 
firmness.  His  father,  Joseph  Hedden,  Sr.,  who  lived  to  be 
ninety-six  years  of  age,  was  wont  to  speak  with  pride  of  the 
fact  that  he  had  eight  sons  in  the  service  of  the  country  during 
the  struggle  for  freedom.  His  son  Joseph  was  a  man  of  great 
nerve.  By  the  proceedings  of  the  State  Council  of  Safety,  we 
find  that  Mr.  Hedden  was  chosen  commissioner  for  Essex 
County  for  signing  and  inventorying  of  the  estates  and  effects  of 


stands.  She  saw  the  academy  ablaze,  but  no  one  dared  attempt 
to  quench  the  flames,  even  if  a  single  bucket  of  water  could 
have  saved  the  building.  Some  one  told  her  the  British  were 
carrying  off  her  brother.  Over  she  ran  and  entered  the  Hedden 
house  by  one  door  while  the  soldiers  were  dragging  her  brother 
out  of  another.  They  had  forced  him  from  his  sick-bed.  and 
Mrs.  Hedden  was  in  her  night-dress  which  was  stained  with 
blood.  It  appears  the  soldiers,  whether  from  sheer  brutality  or 
eagerness  to  get  on  the  retreat  will  never  be  known,  essayed  to 
drag  Mr.  Hedden  into  the  street  with  nothing  but  his  night 
clothes  on.  In  her  efforts  to  prevent  this  and  to  get  her 
husband  properly  clothed,  Mrs.  Hedden  braved  the  bayonets  of 
the  cruel  soldiers  and  was  severely,  though  not  dangerously, 
wounded  in  several  places.  Meanwhile,  the  soldiers  with  Mr. 
Hedden  and  other  captives,  started  on  the  retreat,  taking  the 


VIEW   ON    BROAD    STREET,    LOOKING   SOUTH    FROM    MARKET   STREET. 


persons  who  "  had  gone  over  to  the  enemy."  He  was  chosen 
in  the  place  of  Isaac  Dodd,  "  who  refused  to  act."  The  position, 
as  may  be  readily  imagined,  was  one  that  demanded  in  its 
occupant  absolute  fearlessness  and  firmness.  So  well  had  Mr. 
Hedden  fulfilled  his  duties,  that  he  was  pointed  out  by  the 
persons  w-ho  had  gone  over  to  the  enemy  as  a  Newarker  worthy 
of  the  bitterest  persecution. 

On  the  night  of  the  25th  he  happened  to  be  at  home — a 
rather  rare  family  treat  for  an  active  patriot  at  the  particular 
]"  riod   we   write   of.      As   it  was,   but  for  the  illness  of  Mr. 

(Hedden,  he  would  probably  not  have  been  at  home.  His  house 
stood  on  Broad  Street,  near  what  is  now  Lombardy  Street, 
facing  the  upper  common,  Washington  Park.  His  married 
sister,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Roberts,  lived  on  the  other  side  of  the 
conunon,  about  where   the  'Second   Presbyterian   Church   now 


route  down  what  is  now  Centre  Street  and  along  River  Street 
to  the  old  Ferry  Road,  now  the  Plank  and  trolley  car  road. 
While  passing  the  Bruen  property,  the  same  which  now  forms 
the  junction  of  Commerce  and  Market  Streets,  Eleazer  Bruen 
is  said  to  have  had  the  coolness  and  daring  to  pass  Mr.  Hedden 
a  blanket.  The  prisoner  was  marched  to  Paulus  Hook — now 
Jersey  City — at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  and  thence  across  the 
ice  bridge  to  New  York,  where  he  was  ruthlessly  thrown  into 
the  old  sugar-house.  In  consequence  of  the  cold  and  danger 
to  which  his  captors  delighted  in  exposing  him  on  the  night  of 
the  raid  and  the  cruel  treatment  he  received  at  the  old  sugar- 
house,  Mr.  Hedden's  limbs  mortified,  and  when  it  became 
apparent  that  he  could  not  live  long  his  friends  were  notified, 
and  his  brothers  David  and  Simon  were  permitted  to  remove 
him  to  Newark.     Here  he  was  tenderly  nursed  till  death  came  to 


I 


26 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


liis  relief  on  September  27.  Like  liundreds  of  others  wlio  gave 
of  their  fortunes  and  pledged  their  sacred  honor  and  gave  their 
lives  for  the  liberties  we  now  enjoy,  lie  lies  buried  in  an  unmarked 
and  unknown  grave. 

Ashamed  of  his  conduct  and  that  of  his  men — for  it  is  said 
that  he  was  a  man  not  lost  to  all  that  was  human  — Major 
Lumni,  like  many  another  who  thought  to  thus  assuage  the 
griefs  begot  of  the  gnawings  of  conscience,  rushed  into  print 
and  procured  the  insertion  in  Rivington's  Royal  Ga2ette,  a  rose- 
colored  statement  of  the  affair  which  would  lead  their  readers 
to  believe  that  the  British  raid,  which  caused  so  much  needless 
sacrifice  of  life  and  brought  into  many  a  household  such  suffer- 


He  was  a  firm  friend  of  his  country 
fn  the  darkest  times, 
Zealous  for  American  Liberty. 
In  opposition  to  British  Tyranny. 
And  at  last  fell  a  victim 
To  British  Cruelty. 

"It  is  proper  here  to  state,"  says  Mr.  Atkinson,  "that  the 
account  given  of  Judge  Hedden's  martyrdom,  widely  different 
as  it  is  from  all  versions  heretofore  published,  is  related  on  the 
authority  of  the  martyr's  grand-niece  and  nephew,  with  whom 
he  had  interviews." 

For  a  number  of  vears  after  the  war  the  remains  of  the  old 


VIEWS    IN   NEWARK,    N.   J..    LOOKING    NORTH,   SOUTH,    EAST   AND   WEST,    FROM   THE   PRUDENTIAL    BUILDING. 


ing  and  sorrow,  was  the  result  of  a  mistaken  order.  The  effect 
of  his  rose-colored  article  was  such  as  to  make  the  matter  far 
worse,  and  resulted  in  firing  their  hearts  to  increased  love 
of  country,  home  and  fireside,  and  hatred  of  that  British 
infamy  which  took  many  a  long  year  to  erase,  even  after  the 
close  of  the  war  and  the  acknowledgment  of  independence 
to  the  American  people.  Upon  Judge  Hedden's  grave-stone, 
as  Mr.  Atkinson  has  truthfully  said  in  his  "  History  of 
Newark,"— the  whereabouts  or  existence  of  which  constitutes 
matters  of  conjecture— was  cut  the  following  inscription  : 

This  monument   is   erected   to  the  memory  of  Joseph    Hedden,   Esq., 

who  departed  this  life  the  27th  day  of  September,  1780, 

in  the  52d  year  of  his  age. 


Newark  Academy  were  used  by  the  children  as  a  place  for  them 
to  play  "  hide-and-go-seek  ;"  and  lessons  not  a  few  were  taken 
among  the  smoke-begriined  timber  and  stone,  which  made 
love  of  country  and  blood-bought  liberty  the  household  gods  of 
many  an  American  citizen  who  found  his  incentives  there. 

JERSEY   BLUES 

THERE  being  no  shadow  of  a  doubt  that  the  name  "Jersey 
Blue,"  which  has  clung  so  long  and  with  such  tenacity  to 
the  New  Jersey  soldier,  holding  on  even  to  quite  an  e.xtent  during 
the  late  war  of  the  Rebellion,  originated  with  the  soldiers  of 
Essex  County,  we  cannot  well  forbear  a  line  or  two  as  to  its 
origin.     Washington's    grand    piece    of   strategy   at   Trenton, 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


27 


which  sent  the  British  wheeling  through  the  Jerseys  and  led  up  to 
the  final  episode  of  the  war  after,  as  we  learned  in  our  school 
daj's,  a  struggle  which  lasted  "seven  years  nine  months  and  one 
day,"  doubtless  did  much  to  discourage  the  British  and  shorten 
the  war. 

Long  years  after  Cornwallis  surrendered  at  Yorktown,  it  was 
a  common  saying  (and  believed  to  be  truthful)  that  he  made 
use  of  goods  which  had  been  the  personal  property  of  Wash- 
ington, in  packing  his  plunder,  and  which  he  was  permitted 
to  take  away,  glad  to  get  rid  of  so  much  meanness  under  a 
commander  and  chief's  uniform  without  any  interference 
on  the  part  of  the  grandest  and  most  liberal  of  conquerors  who, 
without  let  or  hindrance,  saw  them  go  away.  Our  readers  will 
pardon  this  departure  from  the  thread  of  our  story,  so  we  will 
get  back  to  where  and  to  whom  the  honor  belongs  of  furnishing 
the  proud  appellation  of  "Jersey  Blue"  to  Essex  County  and 
indeed  all  New  Jersey  soldiers. 


possess  a  peculiar  charm  to  the  British — on  some  particular 
service  to  which  the  word  plunder  clung  closer  than  any. 
Capt.  Littell,  with  his  oddly-uniformed  company,  followed  soon 
after.  He  had  been  a  close  student  of  strategy  and  knew  the 
art  of  ambushing  as  well  as  the  savage.  Well  acquainted  with 
the  country,  he  divided  his  little  command,  greatly  inferior  in 
numbers  to  the  Waldeckers,  and  leaving  one  part  behind  and 
by  a  circuitous  route  with  the  other  and  a  rapid  march,  soon 
placed  himself  in  front  of  the  enemy  and  boldly  demanded  their 
surrender.  Not  being  able,  owing  to  the  nature  of  the  ground 
and  the  approach  of  night,  to  determine  the  size  of  Captain 
Littell's  force,  the  Waldeckers  sought  to  make  a  retrograde 
movement.  Instantly  they  were  assailed  in  front  and  flank  and 
soon  becoming  demoralized  they  surrendered,  not  having  fired 
a  shot.  Thoroughly  exasperated  over  the  affair,  the  great 
inferiority  of  Littell's  force  becoming  known,  the  British  com- 
mander ordered  out  a  large  force  of  Hessians  to  wipe  out  the 


VIEW   ON   PENNSYLVANIA   AVENUE,   NEWARK,  N.   J. 


A  dashing  son  of  liberty,  one  Capt.  Littell,  was  a  central 
figure  among  the  patriots.  Bold,  daring  and  honorable  was  this 
son  of  Essex  and  a  stranger  to  fear.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a 
handsome  man  and  a  great  favorite  with  the  ladies.  A  volun- 
teer company  w'hich  he  commanded  was  presented  by  the 
fair  daughters  of  Essex  with  a  uniform  of  material  for  the 
appellation  which  time  has  thus  far  been  unable  to  erase,  with 
such  marvellous  appropriateness  does  it  seem  to  have  been 
applied  ;  and  little  wonder,  since  the  uniform  consisted  of  "  tow 
frocks "  and  "  pantaloons  dyed  blue."  Indeed  it  was  not  so 
much  the  color  of  the  pantaloons  or  the  tow  frocks  the  Essex 
boys  wore  that  fixed  the  appellation  of  "  Jersey  Blue,"  but  it  was 
their  noble  deeds  in  "  flaxing  "  the  enemy  that  made  the  name 
honorable  and  the  color  lasting.  Two  incidents,  and  this  pretty 
narrative  must  give  place  to  others.  The  very  day  Cornwallis 
moved  out  of  Newark,  a  company  of  Waldeckers  was  dis- 
patched towards  Connecticut  Farms — a  section  which  seemed  to 


affront  and  disgrace.  These  were  as  quickly  discomfited  by 
Capt.  Littell's  "  Blues,"  his  skill  and  gallantry.  After  goading 
and  injuring  the  enemy  at  several  points,  by  an  adroit  move  he 
led  them  into  a  swamp  where  he  soon  had  them  entangled  and 
at  his  mercy  when  they,  in  pursuance  of  the  brilliant  and  safe 
example  set  by  the  Waldeckers,  also  ignominiously  surrendered, 
and  this  time  it  was  the  Hessians  who  had  been  given  a  taste 
of  the  metal  of  our  "  Jersey  Blues  "  and  the  brilliant  tactics  of 
Captain  Littell. 

THE  AFFAIR  AT   LYONS  FARMS. 

FULLY  determined  that  Lyons  Farms  should  not  be  without 
its  share  in  the  glory  of  the  success  they  heard  of  as 
being  consummated  all  around,  three  daring  spirits — Wade, 
Carter  and  Morehouse— concocted  a  scheme  for  capturing  a 
company  of  twenty-five  Hessians  camped  in  a  house  nearby. 
These  fearless  spirits  fixed  upon   a   night   when   they  should 


2S 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


attack  them  in  their  rendezvous.  Wade 
was  to  shoot  down  the  sentinel  while  the 
others  raised  a  tremendous  shout  and 
fired  their  pieces  through  the  windows  in 
the  midst  of  the  Hessians.  The  latter, 
terrified  beyond  measure,  without  even 
stopping  to  pick  up  their  arms,  fled  in 
all  directions  to  escape  a  foe  which  in  the 
darkness  they  knew  not  of  the  strength  or 
number. 


THE 


OF 


TH.AT 
path 


FIRST  DECLARATION 
INDEPENDENCE, 
some  of  the  seeds  of  libert\ 
gathereil  in  Essex  ("ounty,  New 
Jersey,  took  root  in  other  places,  is  madg 
manifest  in  Dr.  McWhorter's  removal  to 
Charlotte,  Meclenberg  County,  North 
Carolina,  where  the  first  Declaration  of 
Independence  was  born  and  promulgated. 
So  daring  and  impetuous  had  the  doctor 
been  it  became  necessaiy,  whenever  he 
was  known  to  be  at  home,  that  a  sentinel 
shoidd  pace  back  and  forth   before    his 

door.  Before  the  doctor  had  become  fairly  settled  in  his  new 
place,  he  was  compelled  again  to  fly  from  home  as  the  enemy 
were  pursuing  the  rebel  parson,  as  they  termed  him,  with  sleuth- 
hound  purpose  and  tenacity.  It  is  vouched  for  on  pretty  good 
authority  that  Dr.  McWhorter  was  with  Washington  when  the 
council  of  war  was  hekl  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  the 
Hessians  and  tlie  telling  victory  of  the  Americans  at  Trenton. 

A    DARING    ADVENTURE. 

WHERE  there  was  so  many  brave  spirits  engaged  in  the 
cause  of  American  independence,  it  seems  invidious  to 
make  election,  to  choose  some  and  leave  others  unmentioned 
whose'deeds  werejust  as  brave  and  the  results  of  whose  daring 
feats  were  just  as  far-reaching,  but  space  not  permitting  even  a 
bare  mention  of  the  many,  we  must  be  excused  for  the  present- 
ation of  the  few  as  representatives  of  the  whole. 

The  ground  was  covered  with  snow  when  Capt.  John  Kidney, 
Capt.  Henry  Jeroloman,  Jacob  Garlam  and  Halmack  Jeroloman 


VIEW   ON   WASHINGTON    PARK   AND   WASHINGTON   PLACE 


VI KW   ON    MARKET    SfRKET,  EAST    FROM    BROAD   STREET. 


started  out  from  Bloomfield,  then  a  part  of  Newark.  The\ 
drove  a  swift  team  tackled  to  a  wood-sled,  but  the  usual  con- 
comitant of  sleigh  bells  was  wanting  to  complete  the  turn  out. 
Even  such  an  indispensable  article  as  a  whip  was  dispensed 
with,  since  the  horses  seemed  animated  with  a  like  spirit  that 
governed  the  cargo  of  adventurers  seeking  just  what  thev 
apparently  were  to  find  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Bergen 
Heights.  As  they  hauled  up  at  a  hostlery  by  the  wayside, 
the  fog  rising  in  curls  from  the  nostrils  and  sides  of  the  smok- 
ing steeds,  and  when  the  lines  had' been  thrown  to  the  hostler 
and  the  boniface  had  welcomed,  his  guests  at  the  fireside  and 
made  their  stomachs  feel  glad  over  a  glass  of  patriotic  Bergen 
cider,  the  daring  patriots  were  ready  for  the  purpose  which 
they  had  in  view.  The  British  garrison  which  kept  guard  over 
the  Heights  and  overawed  and  plundered  the  people,  had  not 
confined  themselves  that  cold  night  to  cider  alone  but,  like  the 
Indian,  had  a  drop  of  the  creature  which  was  warmer  and 
stronger,  they  naturally  grew  careless  and  less  fearful  of  danger. 

Stealthily  they  approached  the 
school-house,  \vhere  the  British 
were  holding  their  orgies,  when 
Capt.  Kidney  gave  orders  in  a  loud 
voice  to  his  army  of  three  men  all 
well  armed.  They  then  began  a 
fusilade  and  made  all  the  noise  that 
it  was  possible  under  the  circum- 
stances. He  then  sprang  to  the 
door,  forced  it  open  and  demanded 
a  surrender,  shouting  out  to  the 
terror-stricken  roysterers,  "  Every 
one  of  you  are  my  prisoners,  sur- 
render or  die,"  the  frightened 
crowd  of  red-coats  within  not 
knowing  but  an  entire  regiment  of 
Americans  were  behind  the  captain. 
He  then  ordered  them  to  fall  in  line 
and  one  by  one  to  make  their  exit. 
He  picked  out  one  officer  and  a 
refugee,  had  them  muffled  and  put 
into  the  sled,  warning  the  first  who 
attempted  to  escape  that  he  would 
be  a  dead  man.     The  captain  and 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


29 


his  companions  then  made  a  dash  for  the  sled,  stalled  off 
at  the  swiftest  pace  and  baffled  any  pursuit  which  would  surely 
follow  soon  after.  The  prisoners  were  taken  to  the  Morristown 
jail  to  rest  while  their  chagrin  passed  off  at  having  been  so 
cleverly  outwitted  and  captured. 

Essex  County  in  the  War  of  1861=5. 

THERE  are  signs  in  nature  which  scientists  consider  infal- 
lible, which  indicate  the  approach  of  great  convulsions  of 
earth  and  matter,  disturljances  of  the  elements  which, 
though  slight  in  themselves,  bring  forebodings  of  approaching 
changes  resulting  in  disasters  wide-spread.  Then  there  are  signs 
which  point  with  unerring  finger  to  the  figures  on  the  face  of  the 
swift  revolving  cycles  of  the  years  rolling  on,  which  are  none  the 
less  just  as  surely  premonitions  of  disturbances  among  men. 
governments  and  nations  which  point  to  revolutions,  changes 
and  consequences  just  as  certainly  and  are  just  as  significant 
and  freighted  with  results  just  as  far-reaching. 

That  awful  stillness  pervading  space  and  which,  like  the  deep 
darkness  which  "can  even  be  felt"  preceding  earthquakes,  is  a 
sign  insignificant  in  itself  but  marvellously  truthful,  as  it 
becomes  the  herald  of  a  convulsion  which  may  shake  the  earth 
from  circumference  to  centre.  In  summer,  when  not  a  leaf 
is  stirring  or  cricket  chirping,  and  not  a  "  breath  of  air,"  as  saith 
the  patiently-waiting  sailor,  is  astir,  it  is  easy  indeed  to  divine 
that  nature's  leyden-jars  are  being  charged  as  yonder  dark 
cloud  rolls  slowly  up  the  western  sky  in  readiness  for  loosing 
the  forked  tongues  of  the  lightning  which,  with  might  and 
power,  tear  great  rents  in  the  slow-moving  clouds,  waking  the 
deep-mouthed  thunders  which  in  close  pursuit  of  the  zig-zag 
lightnings  apparently  on  mischief  bent,  but  which  charms  and 
satisfies  when  it  lets  loose  the  rain-drops  to  cool  the  parched 
.earth. 

So  it  was  immediately  preceding  the  great  Civil  War.  When 
all  the  batteries  of  the  North  and  South  had  been  full  charged 
by  the  work  of  hate  and  fury  going  on  for  years,  an  awful  fore- 
boding of  war  was  easily  felt  in  the  solemn  stillness  surrounding 
the  field  of  preparation  in  the  land  of  the  sunny  South.  The 
deep-mouthed  dogs  of  war  lay  quiet,  but  in  readiness  for  un- 
leashing by  a  proclamation  of  war.  The  cup  of  dissatisfaction 
and  brotherly  discord  had  been  filled  to  overflowing,  and  while 
the  sweet-smiling  angel  of  Peace  held  the  chalice  of  love  to  lips 
that  long  refused  to  sip,  then  came  the  explosion.  The  spark 
long  fanned,  finally  found  life  and  reached  the  powder  of  Fort 


WO.NUMENT   IM     FAIR.MOUNT   CE.METERY,    ERECTED     BY    THE 

CITY  OF  NEWARK   TO   PERPETUATE  THE   MEMORY 

OF   THE  EARLY  SETTLERS. 

Moultrie's  cannon.  One  flash,  and  the  deep-mouthed  thunder 
awoke  and  unleashed  every  dog  of  war.  both  North  and  South. 
The  beautiful  flag  which  had  floated  in  glory  over  a  united  and 
prosperous  people  was  rent  with  "gash  and  seam."  Littlr 
they  knew,  who  fired  that  first  shot,  of  what  they  were  dream- 
ing. Little  thought  they  who,  with  heartless  aim,  sent  the  ball 
speeding  which  should  make  that  furrow,  the  one  leading  to 
the  ploughing  of  the  entire  sunny  land  of  their  own  beloved 
South  and  a  literal  sowing  thereof  with  the  besom  of  destruction; 
much  less  thought  they 

When  in  storm  of  shot  and  shell, 
"  Old  Glory  "  fell,  "  Old  Glory  -  fell ; 
The  institution  of  slavery,  wJiich  iiad  been  our  country's  bane, 
Would  no  longer  live  to  stain 
Its  ground  of  blue. 
Its  stars  and  stripes — 
The  flag  of  the  free,  rightly  named. 


rOiiL 


/v--" 


^ 


r 


.(^.\^^  S^  ,'  ^^^g^.^  ^iXtoM 


^4 


^(i 


-A^«j 


(»TVtU*- 


/  .'^^a.^f''""- 


COPY  OF  AN  OLD  RECORD  FOUND  IN  MR.  MITCHELL  S  SILV 

ON  EAGLE  ROCK. 


ER  LAKE  HOTEL. 


From  no  part  of  our  common  country  did 
there  follow  an  echo  clothed  in  a  more 
sorrowful  thrill  than  that  which  was  an- 
swered back  to  the  bellowing  sound  of  the 
shotted  gun  fired  from  Moultrie's  walls,  than 
did  that  from  the  people  of  Esse.x  County. 
Not  that  war  between  kindred  had  begun  ; 
not  that  the  truce  was  indeed  broken;  not 
that  the  promises  of  rivers  of  blood  flowing 
froin  brothers'  torn  veins  which  could  be 
plainly  seen  through  the  rents  that  shot  made 
in  our  beautiful  flag—  not  all  these  cogent 
reasons  combined,  but  that  which  did  more 
to  break  the  bond  of  hope  and  loose  the 
flood-gates  of  despair,  was  the  closing  of  our 
factory  doors  in  fulfillment  of  the  promise 
sent  back  of  want  in  the  families  of  her  ten 
thousand  skilled  mechanics  and  workmen. 

All  over  Esse.x  County,  as  if  by  magic 
touch,  great   manufacturing    establishments 


so 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


liad  sprung  up,  ami  the  much  needed  suppHes  of  the  South 
were  being  manufactured  therein  to  meet  a  rapidly  increasing 
demand,  as  Essex  County  had  already  long  borne  the  title 
of  "The  Workshop  of  the  South."  The  ties  of  busi- 
ness and  family  ties  which  had  been  growing  for  years  through 
these  channels,  must,  when  nurtured  by  the  prosperity  they 
wrought,  which  was  both  rich  and  rare,  have  grown  very  strong, 
and  when  the  match  was  touched  which  sent  that  first  shot 
ricochetting  over  the  waters  to  Sumpter's  walls,  it  was  freighted 
with    no  small  hope   that   that   tie  would    prove  strong  enough 

to  hold. 

'Mid  llie  iliunder  of  batlie, 

In  the  red  glare  of  war, 
'Mid  the  shouts  of  the  fighters 

And  the  clashing  of  steel. 

The  mistake  which  our  hot-blooded  southern  brothers  made 
w.is  in  their  reckoning  of  receiving  more  than  regrets  for  their 


which  was  long  being  prepared  for  the  mighty  conflagration 
which  finally  blazed  high  on  every  hill-top  of  the  South  and 
swept  over  the  southron's  sunny  land  as  with  the  besom  of 
destruction.  For  many  long  years  after  the  war  had  closed 
the  question  was  asked,  "  Upon  whose  shoulders  shall  rest 
the  responsibility  for  the  untold  sufferings,  the  almost  irreparable 
loss,  and  the  fearful  devastation  wide-spread  ?"  But  time  has 
soothed  the  passions  and  healed  the  wounds  and  the  question 
is  no  longer  asked.  With  whom  rests  the  responsiliility  of 
building  the  fearftd  holocaust  ?    It  is  enough  for  our  purpose  that 

ESSEX  COUNTY  WAS   LOYAL. 

IT  is  safe  to  say  that  no  State,  not  even  ALissachusetts  herself, 
the  hotbed  of  abolitionism,  proved  herself  more  loyal  than 
did  Essex  County  and  New  Jersey.  No  place  answered  the 
call  for  troops  to  meet  the  rebellion  with  greater  alacrity,  and 


VIEW   on    military    park    and   park    place,   NEWARK,   N.   J. 


errings  and  personal  sympathy  fur  their  self-wrought  sufferings 
which  in  the  end  cost  them  so  dearly.  Not  while  the  blood  of 
the  fathers  keeps  up  its  coursing  through  the  veins  of  the 
children's  children  of  the  Revolutionary  heroes ;  not  while  the 
recollection  of  Washington's  masterly  strategy  and  victory  over 
the  Hessians  at  Trenton  lives  to  enrich  our  national  history,  and 
the  picture  of  his  rage  when  cashiering  the  traitor  Lee  on  the 
field  and  applauding  the  heroism  of  Moll  Pitcher  at  Monmouth 
remains  engraved  on  the  t.iblet  of  every  American  heart,  could 
that  heart  cease  to  .beat  responsive  to  liberty  and  union,  the 
jewels  for  which  he  fought.  The  southerners  had  hoped  that 
the  close  business  relations  with  the  men  of  Essex  County  who 
had  previously  voiced  public  sentiment  could  be  relied  on  in  the 
dread  hour  of  war.  15ut  they  had  counted  the  strength  to  be 
gleaned  from  this  rich  field  without  that  wisdom  which  garners 
the  golden  crop.  The  opinions  of  the  hot  heads  of  the  North 
varied  little  from  the  fire-eaters — as  they  were  then  termed — of 
the  South ;  either  being  ready,  aye  eager  to  touch  the  match 


when  population  is  considered,  few  places  indeed,  if  any,  turned 
out  a  larger  percentage  of  enlisted  men — the  record  showing 
that  out  of  a  population  of  less  than  700,000,  nearly  100,000  men 
went  to  war,  Essex  County  furnishing  her  full  share.  The  exact 
figures  as  we  find  them  recorded  was  at  that  time  676,000,  and 
she  sent  to  war  of  that  number  98,806.  When  the  martyred 
Lincoln  sent  forth  his  first  call  for  men  to  defend  the  nation's 
capital,  New  Jersey  was  quick  to  respond.  There  was  no 
hesitation.  The  first  bugle  note,  the  sons  of  the  old  "Jersey 
Blues"  of  the  Revolution  heard  and  heeded.  Eager  pledges  ol 
help  went  forth  from  every  county,  town,  village  and  home. 
While  men  honestly  differed  as  to  methods,  all  purposes  wei( 
the  same  and,  couched  in  the  language  of  another,  it  was  "  The 
Union  forever,  one  and  indivisible,"  and  at  all  hazards  and 
whatever  cost,  it  must  and  shall  be  maintained.  The  fla;.; 
which  was  brought  out  only  on  Independence  d.ay  and  othei 
holiday  occasions  now  fluttered  in  every  breeze  froin  all  the  public 
buildings,  and  with  a  singular  unanimity  of  action  householders 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


31 


vied  with  one  and  the  other  to  see  who  should  first  have  the  stars 
and  stripes  floating  from  their  house-top.  In  every  town  and 
village,  patriotic  men  gathered  to  give  expression  to  their  senti- 
ments of  loyalty  to  their  imperilled  government.  The  banks  of 
the  county  opened  up  their  coffers  and  willingly  pledged  their 
hoarded  gold.  As  a  sample  of  what  the  banks  of  Essex  County 
did,  we  need  but  mention  the  Sso.ooo  which  stood  to  the  credit 
of  the  "Old  Bank"  (the  Newark  Banking  Company),  SjO.ooo 
to  the  State  Bank,  Mechanic's  and  Newark  City  each  with 
$25,000,  and  the  Essex  County  with  $20,000.  Not  alone  came 
cash  responses  to  the  call  for  money  from  the  banks,  but  other 
institutions  and  the  wealthy  among  her  citizens  kept  them 
company. 

THE  NEW  JERSEY  BRIGADE. 

TO  make  use  of  the  language  of  a  writer  of  the  days  follow- 
ing the  firing  on  Sumpter,  "  It  was  a  carnival  of  patriotism 
,  all  through  Essex   County  and  in  fact  all   over  New  Jersev." 


GENERAL  THEODORE  RUNYON. 

ALTHOUGH  he  had  never  marshalled  large  bodies  of 
troops  or  "  set  a  squadron  in  the  field,"  the  General 
soon  proved  that  no  mistake  had  been  made  in  his  selection,  and 
when  the  trying  times  came,  the  military  tact  and  rare  good 
judgment  he  displayed  proved  him  the  right  man  in  the  right 
place.  His  previous  experience,  gained  while  endeavoring  to 
place  the  state  militia  on  an  efficient  basis,  served  a  purpose 
satisfying  to  himself  and  proved  a  rich  legacy  to  his  country 
when  dangers  menaced,  and  the  companies  of  militia  which  had 
enjoyed  the  benefit  of  his  military  ardor  and  soldierly  skill 
formed  many  a  nucleii  around  which  gathered  the  crowds  of 
men  who  came  forward  to  offer  their  services  in  the  cause  of 
their  country  and  in  defense  of  their  homes  and  firesides. 

Although  General  Runyon  had  not  yet  reached  the  forties  in 
life's  score,  yet  he  was  a  man  of  large  experience  and  was  the 
l)ossessor  of  a  mind  well  disciplined  and  was  a  man  of  marked 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


The  shrill  whistle  of  the  ear-piercing  fife  and  the  rattle  of  the 
soul-stirring  drum  was  heard  everywhere.  That  first  call  for 
troops  by  President  Lincoln  on  April  15,  i86r,  the  people  with 
one  mind  resolved  to  heed.  With  a  full  realization  of  the 
terrible  danger  with  which  they  were  menaced,  the  people 
responded  with  alacrity.  The  wave  of  enthusiasm  which  arose 
as  the  wave  of  the  ocean  arises  and  onward  rolled  with  a  power 
which  no  obstacle  could  check  or  overcome.  New  Jersey  was 
asked  for  four  regiments  and  from  Essex  County  nearly  a 
thousand  of  this  quota  came.  So  enthusiastic  were  the  people, 
it  required  but  a  few  days  to  fill  the  quota,  and  w'hen  they  were 
mustered  into  sen"ice,  the  brigade  organization  was  completed 
by  the  appointment  of  Theodore  Runyon,  of  New^ark,  as  Briga- 
dier-General ;  Alexander  V.  Bonnell,  as  Brigade  Inspector,  and 
Captain  James  B.  Mulligan,  as  Aid-de-Camp. 


firmness  of  character.  Few  men  in  the  state  understood  better 
the  value  of  military-  discipline.  He  comprehended  in  a  marvel- 
ous way  the  fearful  gravity  of  the  situation,  and  by  his  identifi- 
cation for  years  with  the  militia  of  the  state,  had  natural  title  to 
the  distinction  of  commander  of  New  Jersey's  volunteers,  nearlv 
every  man  of  whom  knew  General  Runyon,  and  felt  that  they 
had  in  him  one  who  would  look  closely  after  their  ever)-  want, 
and  who  all  knew  that  there  would  be  no  needless  rushing  into 
danger  ;  no  needless  exposure  of  person  or  ignorant  orders  with 
human  sacrifice  resulting. 

On  the  27th  of  .\pril,  1 861,  this  prominent  Essex  County  law- 
yer, whose  eloquence  for  years  had  electrified  her  courts  and 
charmed  her  juries,  was  merged  into  the  arm\-  general,  his  com- 
mission as  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  bearing  the  above 
date.      The   General   then    immediately   took    command,   thus 


32 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


VIEWS    IN     NEWARK    IN     1875. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


:^3 


bestowing  upon  Essex  County  the  honor  of  furnishing  the  first 
jeneral  officer  of  the  state.  The  task  the  General  had  accepted 
was  no  light  one,  but  his  experience  with  the  militia  had 
aeculiarly  fitted  him  for  its  accomplishment,  and  with  the  aid  of 
:he  nucleii  of  veteran  militiamen,  he  was  not  long  in  bringing 
'  order  out  of  chaos,"  and  accomplishing  the  hard  task  of  dis- 
riplining  and  ef|uipping  his  brigade  of  three  thousand  men, 
iiany  of  whom  had  never  seen  a  musket,  let  alone  their  entire 
gnorance  of  military  drill,  and  few  indeed  but  were  totally 
gnoraiit  of  the  rigors  and  discomforts  they  had  to  undergo  in 
;heir  approaches  to  the  expected  denouement  of  the  bloody  bat- 
:le-field.  l?ut  they  were  Jerseymen,  and  it  was  theirs  to  keep 
.msullifd  the  reputation  won  I))'  the  famous  "Jersey  Blues"  on 


May,  he  was  directed  to  embark  his  troops  "  as  soon  as  possi- 
l)le,"  on  the  propellers  of  the  Delaware  and  Raritan  canal,  and 
on  the  same  day  the  General  commanding  received  his  final 
orders  to  reach  Washington  by  the  way  of  Annapolis,  the  rail- 
road route  through  Baltimore  having  been  cut  off  by  the  burn- 
ing of  bridges  and  the  tearing  up  of  tracks  by  the  southerners 
already  in  the  field.  To  the  Hon.  John  G.  Stevens,  a  director  of 
the  Delaware  &  Raritan  Canal  Company  at  the  time,  belongs 
the  honor  of  the  first  suggestion  as  to  the  feasibility  of  this 
route.  In  his  orders.  General  Runyon  was  directed  to  report  to 
the  commandant  at  Annajjolis  on  his  arrival.  Space  not  permit- 
ting a  full  record  of  the  General's  orders,  it  must  suffice  for  us 
to  say  on  this  page  of  ESSEX  CoUNTV,  NEW  JERSEY,   ILLU.S- 


VIEW   OF   M.'iRKET   STREET    STATION,    PENNSYLVANIA    RAILROAD. 


he  bloody  fields  of  the  revolution  and  under  the  eye  of  the 
inmortal    Washington.      They    were    inexperienced,    but    yet 

>ssessed  the  spirit  of  war-worn  veterans.     It  didn't  take  them 

'i.N  tf  Ret  at  an  understanding  of  the  necessity  of  subordina- 
ion,  and  when  the  order  came  to  break  camp  and  move,  the 
ftate  had  abundant  reason  to  look  upon  their  citizen  soldiers,  in 
ompany,  regiment  and  full  brigade,  with  pride  and  satisfaction. 

War  in  earnest  had  begun,  and  that  too  in  earnest  before  the 
lowers  of  May  had  begun  their  blooming,  and  our  Essex 
-ounty  boys  were  not  far  from  the  terrible  experiences  which 

war  in  earnest  ever  brings  "  The  easy  route  by  rail  to  Wash- 
ngton  had  already  been  cut  in  twain  at  Baltimore,  and  when 
General  Runyon  received  his  final  orders  on  the   19th  day   of 


TRATED,  that  these  orders  to  Essex  County's  brilliant  lawyer, 
soldier,  statesman,  and  now  the  nation's  ambassador  to  the  Ger- 
man empire,  Theodore  Runyon,  closed  with  the  following  mem- 
orable words  :  "  The  honor  of  New  Jersey  is  in  your  keeping." 
Such  marvelous  speed  was  made  with  the  work  of  the  brig- 
ade's embarkation,  that  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours  the  little 
fleet,  bearing  its  precious  burthen  of  New  Jersey  soldier  boys, 
left  Trenton  under  the  command  of  Captain  R.  F.  Loper.  Such 
speed  did  these  canal  propellers  make,  they  reached  Annapolis 
on  the  night  of  the  4th.  All  along  the  route  the  troops  were 
the  receipients  of  the  most  hearty  and  friendly  greetings,  and 
all  along  the  watery  way  they  were  met  with  abundant  mani- 
festations of  the  pleasure  the  people  felt  at  their  coming.     Ac- 


34 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  A\  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


fording  ti)  DicUis,  ("jCIUt.i1  Kvm\  nn  ii|)<irtr(l  to  Griicra]  Butlei', 
who  was  tlii'ii  in  rninnianil  at  Annapolis,  and  after  sonic  cerc- 
monv,  lie  was  ordered  on  to  Washinj^ton. 

In  Lossino's  "  Civil  War  in  America,"  Vol.  I,  Cha]i.  i8,  the 
autlior  sa\s  :  "  And  on  the  fifth,  the  First  Regiment,  with  six 
companies  of  the  Second  .and  nine  companies  of  the  Third, 
started  forward  in  two  trains  of  cars.  The  lirst  of  these  trains 
reached  Washington  about  midnight,  .and  the  second,  at  eight 
o'clock  the  next  morning.  The  same  evening  the  Fourth  Regi- 
ment and  the  remaining  company  of  the  Third  reached  the 
capital.  The  four  companies  of  the  Second  left  at  Annapolis, 
were  detailed,  by  ortler  of  General  Scolt,  to  the  service  of 
guarding  the  telegra]ih  and  railroad  between  Washington  and 
.\nna|iolis  Junction.     On  Mav  6,  the  arri\al  of  the  brigade  was 


from  President  Lincoln,  who  w.u'mly  compliniented  the  appe.u- 
ance  of  the  troops  ;  and  among  our  veterans  who  g.ither  at  the 
meetings  of  the  several  posts  of  the  ('>rand  Ariiiv  of  the  Repub- 
lic, there  are  a  few  yet  remaining  who  well  remember  the  oi .  j- 
sion  and  who  hold  in  memor\-  dcu"  all  the  particulars  of  tli.it 
\  isit  of  the  martyred  Lincoln,  and  cherish  in  their  hearts  the 
words  of  encouragement  w  liich  fell  from  his  lips,  and  rememberas 
among  their  sweetest  memories  of  life  the  gratification  thev  felt 
o\er  the  smile  of  satisf.ution  with  which  he  greeted  them  .is 
thev  passed  him  on  re\  lew. 

At  this  point  the  army  life  of  the  \olunteer  commenced  in 
earnest,  the  utmost  exactness  being  retpiired  in  all  points  of 
discipline,  it  being  no  longer  the  |)lay  of  soldier,  liut  the  realities. 
All  the  hard  routine  of  camp   duties  was  dailv  observed.     The 


GROUf   UF    LEA'lllER    MANUFACTUlxliKS. 


reported  to  General  Scott  and,  no  camps  being  provided,  the 
troops  went  into  such  quarters  as  were  available  in  W.ishinglon. 
On  all  sides  the  arrival  of  the  troops  was  h.iiled  with  |)leasure, 
and  inen  felt  that  now  the  capital  was  safe." 

New  Jersey  never  stood  higher  in  the  estim,ition  of  the  lo\al 
people  of  the  country  th.an  at  that  time  when  she  sent  to  the 
n.ation's  defence  the  first  full  brigade  of  troops  that  reai  lied  the 
held.  Two  (lays  .after  its  arriv.al  in  W.ishington,  the  brigade 
paraded  the  city  and  was  everywhere  liailed  with  the  liveliest 
demonstration  of  enthusiasm  b\  the  people. 

May  gth,  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  ordered  to  go  into  catiip 
at  Meridian  Hill,  and  within  a  few  days  the  entire  brigade  was 
encamped  at  that  point,  and  on  !\Lay  17,  was  honored  bv  a  visit 


work  of  the  soldier  w.is  found  to  be  something  more  than  nn  i' 
festive  employment,  but  demanded  every  energy,  the  fullcs 
de\()lion,  the  loftiest  self-sacrifice.  There  they  stayed  in  ■■Cami 
Monmouth,"  jierfecting  in  drill  and  all  the  other  soldierly  .11 
complishnients,  under  the  eye  of  their  General,  till  the  22d  n 
May,  when  the  dread  order  came  from  (Jeneral  Mansfield,  cum 
manding  the  Department  of  Washington,  directing  that  imim 
di.ite  prepar.itions  be  made  for  a  movement.  The  day  follnw 
ing.  definite  ordeis  from  the  same  authority  su|)plied  the  needi  1 
inform.ation  as  to  the  objective  of  the  proposed  movement,  ;ini 
the  camp  was  accordingly  (with  many  regrets)  abandoned. 

There  were  then  in  and  around  Washington  some  thirteci 
thousand  nation.d  troops  under  command  of  General  Mansfield 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


35 


On  May  22,  orders  were  issued  tn  him  to  occupy  the  Virijiiiia 
shore  of  the  Potomac  and  also  tlie  city  of  Alexandria.  It  was 
to  participate  in  this  movement  that  the  New  Jersey  brigade 
struck  their  tents  on  May  23,  and  abandoned  the  camp  on 
Meridian  Hill.  General  Runyon  was  ordered  to  be  at  Long 
Bridge  at  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  24th.  In  heavy 
marching  orders  the  Second.  Third  and  Fourth  were  paraded 
with  one  day's  rations.  Punctual  to  the  moment  of  his  order, 
General  Runyon  was  on  the  ground.  At  the  junction  of  the 
Columl)ia  &  Alexandria  Railroad,  where  the  engineers  had 
staked  it  out,  the  boys  began  the  wt)rk  of  throwing"  u|>  a 
clefensi\"e  work,  and  a  lodgment  had  _  been  made  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Potomac.  The  work  of  our  Jersey  boys 
didn't  end  here.  The  entire  New  Jersey  brigade  continued  to 
work  in  relays  of  three  hours  until,  with  their  brawny  arms,  a 
line  of  intrenchments  and  redoubts  was  completed,  and  to 
General    Runyon's    brigade    of    New  Jersey    soldiers  belongs 


order  to  place  shotted  guns  on  the  chain  bridge  and  turn  off  the 
draw  of  the  Long  Bridge  across  the  Potomac,  and  thus  pre- 
vented our  own  soldiers,  wild  with  excitement  over  the  defeat, 
and  while  chasing  the  phantom  of  senseless  .stampede,  from 
reaching  the  capital,  where  looters  would  follow  <|uick  in  the 
footsteps  of  the  flying.'' 

It  is  reported  of  the  Hon.  Benjamin  Wade,  commonly  called 
"Old  Ben  Wade,"  an  erratic  son  of  Ohio,  who,  not  unlike  many 
other  civilians  and  non-combatants,  went  out  from  Washington 
to  see  the  first  great  battle  of  the  war,  that  when  on  the  retreat 
he  jumiied  out  of  his  carriage  on  arriving  at  the  point  where  the 
troops  of  the  New  Jersey  Brigade  were  stretched  across  the 
road  checking  the  wild  stampede  of  the  northern  army  after 
the  disastrous  route  at  Bull  Run  and  checking  the  pursuit  of 
the  victorious  southerners,  and  exclaimed :  "  Would  to  God 
we  had  more  such  men  as  these  Jerseymen  in  the  army,  we 
would  not  have  suffered  this  defeat." 


VIEW    OF    NEWAKk.    >. .    J.,    IX     iSyi,    LOOKING    SDL  llI-\\  ES 1     1  Rt'.M    C1..VKK-    i    II1MM\. 


the  honor  of  completing  the  first  regular  work  of  the  war 
over  which  "  old  glory  "  flew.  The  most  important  place  in  a 
strategic  point  of  view  was  that  held  by  the  New  Jersey  troojis. 
with  our  own  Essex  County  First  Regiment  to  the  fore  front. 

We  now  approach  the  first  great  battle  of  the  war,  kn<5wn  as 
Bull  Run,  the  name  taken  from  a  little  stream  running  through 
the  now  famous  ground. 

A  writer,  in  speaking  of  the  battle,  writes  :  "  When  the  battle 
was  fought  and  lost  to  the  nation's  troops,  yet  it  was  no  fault  of 
the  first  New  Jersey  brigade  or  of  General  Theodore  Runyon. 
When  all  was  disorder  and  dismay— when  many  others  had  left 
their  posts  of  duty  and  skulked  away  under  cover  of  the  night 
that  followed  the  battle,  the  Jersey  brigade  was  found  standing 
as  a  wall  between  the  enemy  and  the  capital.  Amid  the  tur- 
moil of  defeat  to  our  army,  'twas  General  Runyon  who  gave  the 


The  venerable  Monsignor  Doane,  of  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral, 
who  was  chaplain  of  the  brigade,  had  set  up  his  altar  in  the 
little  tent  he  was  occupying  on  that  Sunday  morning  of  July 
2 1st,  1 86 1,  and  when  about  to  begin  the  services  of  his  church, 
one  of  the  first  shells  fired  by  the  enemy  crashed  through  the 
tent  and  knocked  down  his  improvised  altar,  causing  him  to 
suspend  mass  for  the  day. 

AMBASSADOR   RUNYON'S   DEATH, 

THE  ink  on  the  above  brief  account  of  General  Runyon's  life 
and  career  had  not  become  fairly  dry  when  through  the 
cable  came,  under  the  great  ocean,  the  sad  announcement  of 
his  death  at  his  Ambassadorial  home  in  Berlin.  A  cloud  of 
sorrow  at  the  death  of  this  great  and  good  man  quickly  spread 
over  his  native  land  as  the  news  of  the  great   bereavement  on 


36 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


electric  wings  flew  from  port  to  port,  from  place  to  place,  over 
hill  and  mountain.  Throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
Young  Republic  of  the  West  the  flag,  which  he  had  planted  on 
the  walls  of  Fort  Runyon  now  floating  at  half-mast,  became  the 
fit  emblem  of  a  nation  in  mourning  over  his  loss. 

While  in  attendance  at  church  the  Ambassador  was  attacked 
with  a  chill.  He  quietly  left  his  pew  and  endeavored  to  throw 
off  its  effect  by  walking  to  his  liome.  It  proved  a  hard  struggle, 
and  just  as  he  reached  his  own  door  he  fainted,  and  was  carried 
to  his  room  by  a  servant  who  quickly  discovered  him.  Although 
he  partially  recovered  and  gave  some  attention  to  the  business 
connected  with  his  office,  yet  in  less  than  two  weeks,  and  with- 
out warning  and  almost  without  a  struggle,  and  near  the  mid- 
night hour,  he  iiassed  away,  and  New  Jersey's  son,  who  had  so 
distinguished  himself  and  so  honored  his  native  State,  had  gone 
to  his  reward. 

While  .'\mbassador  Runyon  had  lived  out  nearly  a  half-score 


FORT   RUNYON, 

IN  honor  of  the  General  who  led  the  first  New  Jersey  troops 
to  take  the  field,  the  great  earth-work  constructed  by  these 
same  soldiers'  own  hands,  was  called  Fort  Runyon,  a  letter 
from  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  army  granting  to  the  soldiers 
who  built  it.  that  distinguished  honor. 

The  First  New  Jersey  Regiment  was  almost  exclusively 
Essex  and  was  officered  by  Essex  County  men,  its  Colonel 
being  Adolphus  S.  Johnson  ;  its  Lieutenant-Colonel.  James 
Peckwell  ;  Major.  William  W.  Michels  ;  Adjutant,  Joseph  Tra- 
win  ;  ( Hiartermaster,  Theodore  F.  Ketchem  ;  Surgeon,  John  J. 
Craven  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Edward  F.  Pierson  ;  .Sergeant 
Major,  George  H.  Johnson;  Drum  Major,  Nathan  P.  Morris  J 
Fife  Major,  Elijah  F.  Lathrop,  and  fourteen  musicians.  Colonel 
Johnson  will  be  remembered  as  Jail  Warden  for  many  years, 
and  Colonel  I'cckwell,  who  afterwards  became  Sheriff  of   Essex 


\IF.W    111      XKWARK,    X.    J,,    IN    1S92,    I.dOKlXG    SUUlH-E.-VbT    IRljM    CLARK  S    CHIMNEY. 


more  of  years  than  the  allotted  three  score  and  ten,  yet,  so  well 
preserved  he  seemed,  and  such  a  beautiful  rounding  up  of  a 
marvellously  successful  life,  was  in  the  very  height  of  consum- 
mation, and  while  he  seemed  marching  with  such  sturdy  tread 
along  Time's  border  land,  his  brilliant  career  seemed  not  so  near 
its  ending.     "  Man  proposes,  but  God  disposes." 

For  many  years  General  Runyon  had  verily  lived  the  life  of  the 
righteous,  and  was  ever  ready  to  meet  the  king  of  terrors.  The 
sad  news  of  his  sudden  death  cast  a  dark  shadow  over  the  city 
of  Berlin,  and  the  Emperor  William  (between  whom  and  the 
Ambassador  had  sprung  up  a  warm  friendship),  gave  expression 
to  the  deep  sorrow  which  he  so  keenly  felt. 

After  his  body  had  been  embalmed,  all  that  was  mortal  of 
the  beloved  General,  with  flags  at  half-mast,  was  tenderly  car- 
ried on  board  ship  for  the  voyage  to  his  native  land  for  interment 
near  the  graves  of  his  fathers. 


County.  Many  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  First,  who  went 
out  under  the  three  months'  c.dl.  afterward  returned  to  the 
army  and  won  distinction  on  many  bravely  contested  fields. 
The  writer  of  this  well  remembers  seeing  Colonel  Johnson 
brought  into  Yorktown,  after  having  been  severely  wounded,  in 
the  battle  of  Williamsburgh,  whence  himself  and  other  Jersev- 
men  had  pursued  Magruder's  troops  after  his  evacuation  of 
Yorktown.  If  memory  is  faithful,  'twas  in  this  same  engage- 
ment where  General  Ward  received  such  wounds  as  compelled 
him  to  carry  an  empty  sleeve  ever  after.  As  a  tribute  to  liis 
worth  as  an  officer  and  gentleman,  he  was  made  Postmaster  of 
Newark,  and  held  the  position  for  many  years,  honored  and  re- 
spected by  all  who  knew  him. 

Among  the  host  of  gallants  who  heard  the  first  call  are  the 
names  of  Captain  John  Brintzinghofl'er,  of  Company  A,  Cap- 
tain William  O.  Timpon,  of  Company  B,  Captain  Thomas  L. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


37 


Martin,  of  Company  C,  Captain  Heniy  O.  Beach,  of  Company 
D,  Captain  Martin  B.  Provost,  of  Company  E,  Captain  Henry 
Bowden,  of  Company  F,  Captain  Henry  V.  Sanford,  of  Com- 
pany G,  Captain  William  H.  Reynolds,  of  Company  H,  Cap- 
tain John  H.  Higginson,  of  Company  I,  and  Captain  Charles 
W.  Johnson,  of  Company  K,  who  each  took  out  their  company 
in  the  old  First  Regiment,  imder  the  three  months'  call,  are 
worthy,  one  and  all,  to  have  their  names  kept  fresh  and  their 
memories  green  in  the  recollections  of  every  citizen  of 
Essex  County.  Not  these  alone,  but  all  the  commissioned,  non- 
commissioned officers  and  men  who  went  to  the  war,  deserve  to 
have  their  names  recorded  on  the  roll  of  honor,  inscribed  as 
those  who  took  their  life  in  their  own  hands,  and  many  of 
whom  laid  it  down  in  behalf  of  liberty  and  union. 

A  word  or  two  to  show  how  deeply  the  partisan  was  sunk  in 
the  patriot  and  how  quickly  and  thoroughly  party  lines  were 
erased,  and  these  from   the  expressions  of  those  holding  pos- 


jaws  of  defeat.  Gen.  Kearnv,  who  was  a  trained  soldier,  was 
commissioned  a  Brigadier-General  on  July  25,  1861,  and  in  the 
August  following  w'as  assigned  to  the  command  of  our  New 
Jersey  soldiers.  When  the  news  of  his  assignment  to  the 
command  of  the  Jersey  Blues  reached  their  encampment,  cheer 
upon  cheer  arose  from  regiment  and  company,  and  the  brave 
boys  made  the  w'elkin  ring  over  the  announcement.  Although 
Philip  Kearny  was  born  in  New  York  city  (which  event  took 
place  in  June,  181 5),  he  was  a  Jerscyman  by  adoption,  and  the 
house  in  which  he  spent  his  earlier  life  is  yet  standing  on 
Belleville  avenue,  in  the  City  of  Newark,  as  are  the  old  elms 
under  which  he  played,  and  the  mansion  in  which  he  lived  at 
tile  time  of  his  appointment  stands  among  the  pines  on  the 
beautiful  high  grounds  just  across  the  Passaic,  in  the  town  of 
Kearny,  Hudson  County,  the  town  being  named  in  his  honor. 
General  Kearny  had  a  penchant  for  military  life  and  this  he 
showed    as   a   boy.   and   as  manhood  came  this  penchant  grew 


VIEW    OF    NEWARK,    X.   J..    IX    1892,    LOOKIXG    XORTH-WEST    FROM    CLARK'S   CHIMNEY. 


itions  of  honor  and  trust,  must  suffice.  Moses  Bigelow,  a 
democrat  of  the  olden  school,  who  was  Mayor  of  Newark  at 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  in  a  message  to  the  Common 
Council,  said :  "  I  regard  the  union  of  these  States  as  indis- 
pensable to  the  liberty,  peace  and  prosperity  of  our  people  and 
the  great  source  of  happiness  at  home  and  honor  and  respect 
abroad.  When  compared  with  the  question  of  its  preser\-ation, 
the  transitory  issues  of  party  should  be  regarded  as  mere  '  dust 
in  the  balance.' " 

Henry  A.  Whitney,  an  Alderman,  also  a  democrat,  in  offering 
a  series  of  resolutions  in  Council,  said  :  "  It  is  the  high  duty  of 
every  citizen  to  ignore  all  past  political  issues,  and  rally  under 
the  banner  of  the  stars  and  stripes  in  defense  of  the  Union." 

GENERAL    PHIL.     KEARNY. 

IT  was  in  this  engagement   that  Gen.  Philip  Kearny  w'on  his 
laurels   in   the  internecine  war,   for  indeed,   it  was   he,  on 
coming  up  with  his  Jersey  boys,    snatched   victoi-y    from   the 


After  passing  through  Columbia  College  he  studied  law  for 
a  while,  but  his  intense  liking  for  military  life  led  him  to  seek 
and  obtain  a  lieutenant's  commission  in  a  regiment  of 
dragoons,  in  which  Jefferson  Davis  was  a  captain.  In  1839  he 
was  one  of  three  United  States'  officers  sent  to  France  to 
pursue,  by  permission  of  the  French  government,  a  course  of 
instruction  at  the  Military  School  of  Gaumor.  He  soon  tired 
of  the  confinement  which  his  student  life  imposed,  and  joining 
the  French  army  he  went  to  Africa.  He  was  attached  while  on 
this  serv'ice  to  the  Chasseurs  d'Afrique  and  in  two  engage- 
ments distinguished  himself.  When  he  came  back  home  in  '41 
he  was  made  an  officer  on  the  staff  of  General  Scott,  who  had 
a  high  admiration  for  his  character  and  was  ever  desirous  of 
having  him  near  his  person. 

All  through  the  Mexican  war  he  gave  abundant  evidence  of 
rare  skill  as  a  soldier.  Those  who  knew  him  will  remember 
the  empty  sleeve  he  carried,  and  what  masterly  dexterity 
he  exhibited  in  horsemanship,  and  with  what   skill  he  handled 


3S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


llie  swonl  and  bridlf  rein  with  his  right  single  arm,  the  other 
having  tieen  shot  away  al  the  famous  battle  of  Churubusco,  in 
which  he  performed  prodigious  feats  of  ^■alor.  His  bravery 
and  skill  on  that  bloody  field  cost  him  all  too  dearly  in  the  loss 
of  his  arm,  biU  he  won  honor  and  fame,  and  the  golden  oak 
leaf  which  he  afterwards  wore  as  a  major. 

After  fighting  for  years  the  wild  Indians  in  Washington  and 
Oregon,  who  feared  him  no  less  than  the  great  Indian  fighter, 
the  celebrated  Custer,  he  resigned  his  commission  and  sought 
the  excitement  of  Eurojiean  wars  by  joining  himself  to  the 
French  army  as  an  aide-de-camp  on  tiie  staff  of  Gen,  Morris, 
taking  an  acti\  e  part  in  the  battle  of  Solferino,  His  gallantry 
in  that  battle  won  for  him  the  cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor, 
and  this  mark  emblematic  of  soldierly  skill,  bravery,  honesty 
and  daring  was  placed  on  his  breast  by  the  French 
limpiror,  Louis  Xapoleon.  During  his  stay  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Atlantic  he  made  his  abode  in  Paris.  In  the  spring  of 
the  year  iS6l,  Phil.  Kearnj-  heard  the  tocsin  sounding  which 
told  him  of  the  dangers  which  threatened  his  home  and  fireside 
and  he  immediately  set  out  for  New  York.  While  war  was 
raging  in  the  land  of  his  birth,  Paris  had  no  attractions  with 
force  sufficient  to  hold  him. 


same.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  this  Essex  County  boy  should  win 
the  title  of  "  Fighting  Phil  Kearny,"  when  fear  he  never  felt,  and 
that  danger  lurked  near  he  never   knew,  and   'twas  a  burning 

shame 

That  he  should  not  have  the  right, 
Where  skill  might  conquer  might, 
'I'o  die  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight, 

The  penalty  is  paid  for  being  too  brave,  and  the  poet  had 
.ibimdant  reasons  for  saying: 

"  Oh  !  evil  the  black  shroud  of  night  at  Chantilly 
That  hid  him  from  siglit  of  his  brave  men  and  tried  ! 
Foul,  foul,  sped  the  bullet  that  clipped  the  white  lilly. 
The  Hower  of  our  knighthood,  the  whole  army's  pride." 

Kearny  had  faults  like  all  other  mortals.  Those  prominent 
were  his  impetuosity  and  his  impulsiveness.  Had  he  sent  some 
unepauletted  soldier  to  the  Chantilly  reconnoisance,  his  name, 
instead  of  Grant's  (a  writer  has  said),  might  have  stood  on  the 
pages  of  history  as  the  great  captain  of  the  age. 

SUCH    IS    FATE. 

WHEN  lie  tlted  New  Jersey  mourned  his  loss  and  honored 
his  memory.     He  was  given  a  splendid  military  funeral 
in  Newark.     A  bronze  monument  erected  to  his  memory  adorns 


VIEW    OF    M-.WARK.    X,    J.,    IX     1845,    LnoKIXl.    Si  ll    t  ll-K.A.Sl'    KKDM    HIGH    SlKEEl. 


No  sooner  liad  the  good  shi])  which  l)rought  him  over  touched 
the  shore  than  he  at  once  offered  his  sword  to  his  native  coun- 
try, and  asked  for  a  commission  of  the  Governor  of  the  old 
Empire  Slate.  Strange  to  say,  this  was  refused,  and  the  sword 
of  ihis  soldier  of  experience,  bravery  and  of  the  highest  repute 
lay  rtisling  in  its  scalibord  till  the  middle  of  summer,  chafing 
under  Ihis  enforced  idleness  and  restraint  and  oft  within  hear- 
ing of  the  booming  of  the  heavy  artillery,  which  was  almost 
music  to  his  ears.  Under  such  circumstances,  what  was  more 
natural  than  for  him  lo  turn  to  New  Jersey?  Here  Phil  Kearny 
got  recognition,  and  lie  had  but  to  express  the  desire  and  a  com- 
mission was  at  hand,  bearing  dale  of  July  25th,  1S61,  and  was 
signed  by  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey.  His  spirit  was  such  it 
covild  nol,  nor  would  not,  brook  delay.  "  Like  the  fiery  charger 
held  in  by  the  bridle,  lie  was  restive  under  idleness." 

Of  the  batiks  he  fought,  and  the  victories  he  won,  and  pro- 
molions  he  gained,  we  might  write  enough  to  fill  every  page  of 
KssKX  County,  New  Jerskv,  Ileustka'i  ed,  and  yet  be  com- 
pelled to  sigh  for  more  pages  to  fill  of  the  life  and  deeds  of  this 
born  soldier.  We  h.ave  said  he  was  brave  and  daring,  and  now 
w-e  may  add  that  he  was  tearless  to  recklessness,  for  wherever  he 
Hashed  the  glittering  steel  and  with  magic  skill  controlled  his 
fiery  steed  with  bridle  rein  between  his  teeth,  it  was  always  the 


iVlilitary  Park  and  another  stands  in  the  Library  at  Trenton. 
The  body  of  this  great  soldier.  Gen.  Philip  Kearny,  who  pos- 
sessed the  faculty  of  making  the  warmest  of  friends  and  the 
most  impkuablr  of  enemies,  sleeps  in  the  church-yard  of  old 
Tiinit\ .  in  the  cit\  of   New  York. 


COL.    ISAAC 


TUCKER. 


LIKE  mail)  .niuiher  brave  spirit.  Col.  Isaac  M.  Tucker's  body 
sleeps  ill  an  unknown  grave  on  the  field  where  he  fell  as 
br.ue  men  hue  lo  fall,  if  fall  tlie\  must,  with  their  face  to  tlie 
foe.  'I'he  love  his  soldiers  bore  for  this  ideal  ofihcer  caused 
them  to  make  fre(|uent  and  persistent  attempts  to  recover  his 
body,  but  all  |)ro\  ed  failures. 

As  it  has  e\  er  been,  the  New  Jersey  soldier,  wherever  engaged, 
is  found  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  it  seeming  to  be  his  fate  to 
be  at  the  point  of  greatest  danger.  So  it  was  with  Col,  Tucker, 
In  a  note  at  the  bottom  of  page  64  of  Shaw's  excellent  work, 
we  find  the  following  tribute  :  "  In  personal  courage,  fertility 
of  resource  ,nid  readiness  of  apprehension,  Col.  Tucker  had 
few  superior^.  " 

Col.  Is.i.ic  M.  Tucker's  memory  is  cherished  by  all  who  knew 
him,  not  alone  lor  his  war  record  but  also  for  the  high  qualities 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


of  citizensliip  which  he  possessed 
aiifl  the  true  nianhness  of  the  man 
who  fell  while  rallying  his  men,  in 
the  thick  of  the  fight,  around  the 
'■  colors,  our  glorious  stars  and 
stri]ies,"  and  who  cried  out.  as 
some  of  his  men  were  carrying 
him  to  the  rear.  "  Never  mind  me, 
go  ahead  and  give  it  to  'em."  .Al- 
though space  forbids,  we  cannot 
refrain  from  paying  the  tribute  of 
a  nation  to  a  few  others  of  tli<' 
many  brave  men  — undaunted  s|)irits 
who  laid  down  their  lives  or  lived 
to  feel  the  pang"  of  wounds  re- 
ceived.    Among  the  latter  was 

MAJOR   DAVID    A.   RYERSON 

Who  is  yet  going  out  and  in  among 
us,  having  recovered  from  the  ter- 
rible wound  he  received  when  lie- 
too,  was  rallying  his  men  around 
"  Old  Glory,"  his  good  sword  flash- 
ing high.  As  the  Major  fell  with 
his  face  to  the  foe. 


\ll;W    (II-    .SPKINGFIKLD    AVENUE,    NEWARK,    X.     I..    LdnKIM^    W  !■  >>  I  . 


CORP.  JAMES  MARSHALL 
Seized  the  colors  and  defiantly  bore  them  away  and  when  too 
closely  pressed,  tore  them  from  the  standard  and  buried  them 
out  of  sight.  Major  Ryerson  is,  at  this  writing,  engaged  in 
practicing  his  profession  of  law,  and  gives  ])romise  — so  greatly 
imijroved  is  his  health — of  living  long  to  do  honor  to  the  pro- 
fession he  loves  and  rehearse  the  story  of  the  Chicamauga  fight. 

CART    SAMUEL    F,   WALDRON 

Who  had  seen  service  with  Walker,  "the  grev-eved  man  of 
destiny,"  in  the  swamps  of  Nicaragua,  and  who  earned  the 
title  of  "female  honor  protector"  at  Guadaloupe  Church. 
There  the  women  had  assembled,  antl  to  protect  them  against 
the  ass.iulls  of  the  vile  natives  and  his  own  beastial  comrades, 
he  placed  himself  in  the  doorway  of  the  church  and  promised 
to  "shoot  down  like  a  dog"  the  first  man  who  attempted  to 
pass.     Capt.  Waldron  had  long  been  assistant,  under  Principal 

Leake,  of  the  Third 
^\  ard  public  school 
of  the  city  of  New- 
ark. The  writer 
well  remembers  the 
quiet  little  man  with 
sparkling  eyes 
seated  in  his  tent  at 
the  head  of  Military 
I'ark  engaged  in 
enlisting  men  for 
Companv  I,  of  the 
Thirt\-third  Regi- 
ment, and  as  he 
marched  away  as 
the  modest  Captain 
s.iluting  him  in  the 
front  of  his  rank 
and  saying  what 
proved  a  last  fare- 
well. Although  a 
SETH  BijVDE.v,   INVLMOR.  inan,      physically 


speaking,  not  of  giant  proportions,  he  proved  a  target  fair 
for  the  bullet  of  a  Southern  sharp-shooter  who  sent  a  ball 
through  his  heart  while  he  was  bravely  moving  his  company 
forward.     The  shot  which 

Stilled  the  pure  heart 

Whose  every  pulsation 

Was  in  sweet  unison 

With  the  good  .tnd  the  true 

Was  fired  from  behind  the  veiy  house  which  his  company 
occupied  shortly  after  their  captain  fell. 

So  highly  was  Capt.  Waldron  regarded  by  the  regiment,  a 
detail  to  accompany  his  remains  to  Newark  was  made,  and 
Capt, — afterward  Major — O'Connor  was  placed  at  its  head.  On 
their  arrival  in  Newark,  his  old  friend  Dr.  M.  H.  C.  Vail  imiviedi- 
ately  set  about  the  work  of  honoring  him  with  a  military 
funeral.  Through  the  assistance  of  others,  the  project  was  soon 
brought  to  a  successful  conclusion  and  his  funeral  was  con- 
ducted in  old  Trinity  Church,  I^r.  W'indyer  performing  the  rite 
and  reading  the  service.  After  the  services  at  the  church, 
which  were  largely  attended,  the  remains,  encased  in  a  rose- 
wood coffin  (provided  by  Capt.  William  W.  Hullfish.  then  as 
now,  sexton  of  the  church)  and  wrapped  in  the  American  Hag, 
was  laid  away  in  Fairmount  Cemetery,  Company  A,  Capt.  John 
Brintzinghoffer.  of  the  old  First  Regiment,  leading  the  long 
procession  of  followers  and  mourners  and  firing  the  military 
salute  over  his  grave. 

GEN.  WILLIAM  WARD, 
Who  assumed  command  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  after  Trawin 
resigned,  and  led  the  old  Eighth  Regiment  afterward  in  several 
desperate  fights  until,  at  the  battle  of  the  Second  Bull  Run, 
while  marching  at  the  head  of  his  regiment,  he  was  pierced 
with  five  musket  balls.  One  of  these  shattered  his  left 
arm  which,  though  the  surgeons  believed  hmi  to  be  in  a 
dying  condition,  was  amputated.  The  wounds  in  his  body  were 
of  such  a  serious  character  that  he  lay  for  several  months  in 
hospital  before  he  could  be  removed  to  his  home.  It  took  a 
year  and  a  half  of  the  best  skill  of  the  surgeons  and  the  kindly 
intentions  of  mother  nature  to  so  far  heal  his  wounds  as  to 
enable  him  to  get  about.     Gen.  Ward  was  elected  City  Clerk  of 


40 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


the  city  of  Newark  in  1866,  and  in  1S69  lie  was  nominated  by 
Gen.  Grant  for  Postmaster  of  liis  native  city.  Gen.  Ward 
continued  to  till  the  position  of  Postmaster  with  eminent  satis- 
faction to  the  people  till  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Hon.  W.  H. 
F.  Fiedler. 

The  high  appreciation  in  which  the  General  is  held  had  a 
splendid  confirmation  in  his  appointment  by  Gov.  Parker  as 
Brigadier-General  for  long  and  meritorious  conduct  and  service. 
He  was  ne.xt  appointed  as  President  of  the  Court  of  Inquiry  to 
examine  into  the  matter  of  the  disbandment  of  Company  F. 
Third  Regiment.  National  Guard. 

Gen.  Ward  was  born  in  Newark,  January  30.  1824,  and  conse- 
([uently  completed  his  three  score  and  ten  on  the  30th  of  January 
last.  May  the  sands  of  his  well  spent  life  continue  to  run 
smooth  till  the  summons  wliich  always  comes  to  the  good  and 
the  pure,  '•  come  up  higher." 

The  abundant  good  nature  which  permeated  every  fibre  (as  a 
rule)  of  the  New  Jersey  soldier  was  always  finding  vent,  and 
especially  was  this  so  when  the  boys  were  ordered  out  on  picket 
duty.  A  single  example  of  the  methods  they  employed  in  reach- 
ing Johnny  Reb  :  As  they  were  doing  duty,  marching  to  and  fro 
on  the  picket  line,  the  work  becoming  monotonous  and  the 
tobacco  getting  short,  our  Essex  boys  shouted  to  the  rebel 
picket  then  in  sight,  "  Hello,  Johnny,  I  say,  hello!"  "Hello 
back  again,  ^'ank,"  shouted  Johnny.  "  Have  you  any  good 
tobacco  ?"  questioned  our  Jersey  Yank.  "  I  just  have,"  answered 
Johnny.  "  and  I  do  want  some  salt  and  pepper  so  bad."  "What," 
said  the  Essex  boy,  "  some  of  the  same  we  gave  you  at  Gettys- 
burgh?"  "Oh,  get  out.  What  do  you  say  for  a  trade?" 
"Come  along,"  they  responded  in  union,  and  the  trade  was 
made.  Such  occurrences,  we  are  informed,  were  (|uite  common 
during  army  days  on  picket  lines. 

GENERAL   GEORGE   B.    McCLELLAN 

NO  more  fitting  subject'could  be  found  for  a  conclusion  of 
what  we  have  had  to  say  of  the  part  Essex  County  took  in 
the  war  of  1S61  to  1865  than  a  short  sketch  of  General  George  B. 
McClellan,  wlio,  when  driven  from  the  command  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  found  an  asylum  in  New  Jersey  and  filled  up 
the  hoiu's  of  his  enforced  idleness  in  bringing  into  play  his  skill 
and  experience  as  an  engineer  and  in  be.uitifving  the  landscape 
of  tlie  home  he  had  selected  on  the  l)ro\v  and  summit  of  the 
Orange  Mountains,  near  that  culmination  of  their  rare  beauty 
known  as  Eagle  Rock.  It  goes  witliout  the  saying  that  George 
B.  McClellan  was  a  m.ister  in  the  engineering  art. 

Although  not  a  citizen  to  the  manner  born,  Essex  County  can 
claim  him  as  an  adopted  son,  for  it  was  on  her  .soil  that  the 
hearthstone  of  his  home  lay,  surrounded  by  his  household  gods, 
and  where,  now  since  the  Ijugle  note  will  never  wake  him  to 
war  again,  he  sleeps  the  sleep  that  knows  no  waking,  in  New 
Jersey  soil,  and  where  the  spot  is  marked  by  a  beautiful  monu- 
ment erected  over  his  tomb  in  the  cemetery  near  Trenton  by 
loving  hands  of  those  who  stood  near  him  during  the  hours  of 
his  severest  trials,  and  where  the  battle  was  the  thickest,  bravely 
upheld  his  unfaltering  hands. 

( )n  .almost  every  page  of  American  history  is  found  enrolled 
the  names  of  her  children  who  have  contributed  by  their  virtues 
and  valor,  their  character  and  worth,  to  throw  a  halo  of  gran- 
diem'  around  and  over  each,  and  forming  a  constellation  of 
brilliancy  with  few  parallels.  Among  these,  and  leading  the 
host,  are  Washington,  Lincoln  and  Grant,  .Sherman,  Hancock, 
.Sheridan  and  McClellan,  the  latter,  while  a  resident  of  our 
county,  being  asked  to  sheath  the  sword  to  take  up  the  Gov- 
ernorship of  the  State.  We  might  continue  to  read  from  tlie 
roll  honored  names  who  earned  the  right  as  citizens  of  New  Jer- 


sey and  to  be  partakers  in  the  honor  of  wearing  the  famous 
Jersey  Blue.  A  woril  or  two  as  to  some  of  the  characteristic  , 
of  the  home  of  him  whose  banner  waved  in  victory  over  the  field 
of  Antiteam,  and  who  led  the  Union  hosts  through  the  wilder- 
ness and  hurled  back  the  enemy  from  Malvern  Hill,  and  whom 
the  soldiers  under  him  loved  as  the  "  apple  of  their  eye,"  and 
who  bore  the  favorite  cognomen  of  Little  Mack,  will  not  lie  imi 
of  place. 

To  get  all  the  cliarm  possil)le  out  of  this  enforced  idlem -,, 
McClellan  filled  in  the  time  by  converting  the  grounds  of  In-. 
mountain  home  into  a  landscape,  beautifully  located,  when 
Nature's  lovliness  quickly  felt  the  touch  of  his  own  niastn 
hand,  and  grew  ;ind  expanded  till  it  became  the  pride  of  his  own 
heart  and  a  rare  exemplification  of  all  that  is  lovely  in  artistii 
surroundings  and  the  added  endearments  of  home.  Asane\- 
ample  of  villa  home  lovliness,  few  places  the  writer  has  evi  1 
visited  could  excel  the  home  surroundings  of  George  B.  M(  - 
Clellan  at  the  time  he  was  called  away  to  take  up  the  Governni- 
ship  of  the  State  in  which  was  his  adopted  home. 

Whetlier  this  educated  soldier,  a  thorough  West  Pointer  .is 
he  was,  really  enjoyed  the  new  life,  even  though  eminent  as  n 
was,  certainly  is  a  secret  that  was  well  kept.  All  who  knew 
him  intimately  could  not  remain  long  in  his  company  without 
discovering  a  peculiar,  far-away  look  that  beamed  from  his  eyes. 
As  he  discoursed  of  the  present  there  ever  seemed  a  restlesness 
to  reach  out  after  the  past,  . and  then  should  something  p' 1 - 
chance  come  up  of  the  "gone  by,"  he  seemed  to  regret  it  anl 
had  little  power  to  restrain  the  welling  tear  or  to  hide  the  sul- 
fused  eye,  which  told  all  too  plainly  how  tender  was  the  grrai 
loving  lieart  within. 

(jn   one   occasion,  wdien   visited  by  tlie  writer,  he  was   fouml 
amid  the  wealth   of  fiowers  and  sweet  shrubs  of  the  grounds 
which  he  loved   and   regretfully  left  for  the  reception   room,  ti 
which   we  had  been  invited.     After  a  few  moments  of  genciil 
talk   the   conversation   tiu'ned   on   the   subject   of  our  quest,  , 
college   friend  whom  we   had   learned   had   held    the  post  of 
lieutenant  colonel  on  the  General's  staff  while  the  l.uier  was   in 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.     .Vs  the  General  reaclu  ^ 
across  the  centre  table  and  chew  toward  him  a  large  album  fill>  1 
with  photographs,  his  eyes  became  suffused  with  unbidden  tears 
in  answer,  apparentlv  to  our  in(|uiry  in  regard  to  hnn.     After  ,1 
moment's  hesitation  he  turned  a  page  or  two,  and  placing  \\\-. 
finger  on  Colonel  Coburn's  photo,  turned   the  book  to  us  .iml 
with  tpiivering  lip  said:     "  Uo  you   remend)er  him.-^"     "  I  do.  " 
was  the  reply.     There  was   but   little   change,  although    iiion- 
than  a  decade  of  our  young  years  had  gone  by  and  this  we  sup- 
plemented with  the  remark,  since  they  had  parted  we  had  heard 
that   Colonel  Coburn   had   been   ordereil  West,  and   there   IkhI 
sickened  and  died.     "  Ves.  he's  dead,"  replied  the  General.     ■■  I 
loved  him  dearly,  and  I  am  told  that  the  separation  took   sui  I 
deep  hold  that  the  poor  fellow  really  died  of  a  broken   heart. 
Light-hearted  as  the  General   naturally  was,  so   much   did   tin 
first  Trenton  order  affect  him  that  even  after  the  soothing  effent 
of  the  second  order  to  Trenton,  he,  too,  died  of  something  akin 
to  a  broken  heart. 

In  the  presidential  campaign  of  1864  the  great  Democrat  in 
party  of  the  nation  made  George  B,  McClellan  their  candid, iin 
for  President.  During  the  campaign  which  ensued,  George  1'.. 
McClellan,  at  the  request  of  Major  Edward  H.  Wright,  visited 
Newark,  and  became  the  Major's  guest  at  his  father's  home. 

Dr.  M.  H.  C.  \'ail,  the  writer  of  this  sketch,  made  the  address 
of  welcome,  to  which  the  General  made  a  happy  response.  An 
informal  reception  was  held  at  the  senatorial  mansion,  where 
many  had  opportunity  to  grasp  the  hand  of  one  who  held  a 
warm  place  in  the  affections  of  the  people. 


THE  CHURCH  HISTORY  OF  ESSEX  COUNTY. 


PLEASANTER  duty  iIol-s  tlit  wri'ing  of 
"Essex  C()rNT\.  N.  J.,  iLi.rsrRA  fkh  "  |)re- 
sent,  than  that  which  hL-r  chuixh  histiiry  imposes. 
Although  her  churcli  edifices  as  a  rule  do  not 
\  ie  in  architectural  grandeur  with  those  temples 
of  worship  whicli  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia 
are  the  pride  of  their  people,  and  even  though 
their  spires  do  not  reach  so  far  heavenward  as 
Old  Trinity  and  others,  yet  in  number  and  seat- 
ing capacity  thev  present  blessed  church  privileges  to  the 
people,    when    tenitory    and    popul.itions    are    considered,    in 


■it her.     Brooklyn  City,  which 


greater  proportion,  perhaps  than 
for  nianv  years  carried  the 
banner  with  the  inscription 
"  The  City  of  Churches,"  the 
same  may  now  be  said  of  the 
capital  city  of  Esse.x  County, 
Newark.  She.  too,  is  entitled 
to  carry  the  banner  inscribed 
with  the  .same  device. 

With  a  population  of  less 
than  250,000,  more  than  200 
churches  open  wide  their 
doors  and  extend  a  hearty 
welcome  to  all  who  may  come 
and  worship  at  their  leligious 
shrines.  It  is  pleasant,  again, 
to  be  able  to  indite  the  fact. 
apparent  everywhere,  that 
that  blessed  spirit  of  love 
which  calls  every  man  his 
neighbor,  permeates  church 
society  through  and  through 
and  is  rapidly  driving  out 
every  vestige  of  illiberalism 
and  denominational  prejudice 
which  have  all  too  long  been 
the  bane  of  Christianity  and 
acting  as  a  clog  to  its  spread 
and  progress.  The  church 
people  of  Essex  County  have 
fully  learned  the  beautiful 
lesson  which  toleration  in- 
stils and  can  easily  divine  the  mighty  difference  between  the 
rich,  mellow  fruit  which  grows  with  such  luxuriance  on  the 
denominational  tree,  and  the  bitter  abortions  which  dwarf  and 
destroy  under  the  appellation  of  denominational  prejudice. 
The  beautiful  truth  so  lovely  and  so  inspiring  is  everywhere 
being  learned  that  the  fruit  of  tolerance  is  indeed  sweet  to  the 
heart,  while  the  fruit  of  intolerance,  though  fair  to  look  upon, 
turns  to  bitter  ashes  on  the  lips  that  continue  to  sip,  at  the 
same  time  the  glamour  which  so  long  hid  from  view  the  fact 
that  there   is   no   denominational   dividing  lines 

"  In  heaven  above  wliere  all  is  love," 

is  being  rapidly  torn  away  and  that  these  names  which   ha\  e 
long   been    music  to   Christian   ears,   Methodist,    Presbyterian, 


-Hili^' 


FIR.ST  PRESBYI  F.KIAN  CHURCH. 


Baptist,  Roman  Catholic,  I'.piscopali.in,  etc.,  are  but  pass-words 
to  an  entrance  in  the  home  over  there,  where  denominational 
appellations  in  truth  are  afterward  never  spoken,  and  the  .salut- 
ation, '  ni\  lirothcr,  mv  sister  in  Christ  "  is  onl\  heard. 

FIRST    PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 

THE  church  historv,  proper,  of  the  County  of  Essex  dales 
back  to  the  year  1667,  when  the  little  congregation  at 
Branford,  Connecticut  had  resolved  to  join  their  brethren  of 
Milford,  who  shortly  before  that  period  had  cast  their  lot  in 
Newark,  on  the  Passaic.  Ur.  Stearns,  the  historian  of  the  Old 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  says  :  "  Indeed  the  Old  Church  in 
Branford.  organized   there   twenty   years  earlier,  has    probably 

transported  bodily  with  all 
Its  corporate  privileges  .ind 
authorities.  Its  old  ])astor 
was  conveyed  hither  at  the 
expense  of  the  town  ;  its 
deacons  continued  his  func- 
tions without  any  sign  of 
reappointment ;  its  records 
were  transferred  and  it  im- 
mediately commenced  church 
work,  and  its  pastor  was 
investea  with  his  office  and 
salary  on  the  new  spot  with- 
out any  ceremony  of  organiz- 
ation or  installation." 

Although  several  of  the 
members  had  been  left  at 
Branford.  they  had  no  regular 
church  org.mization  until 
several  years  afterwards.  M  r. 
Pierson.  the  pastor,  was  a 
strong  as  well  as  a  godly 
man.  His  influence  upon  the 
new  community  was  very 
great  and  largely  determined 
its  character  and  career.  He 
was  a  learned  man.  still  fond 
of  his  books  and  study  in 
these  wilds.  Just  to  think 
of  it  !  His  library  numbered 
four  hundred  and   fifty  vol- 


umes—a  goodly  libr.uy  for  the  most  relined  centre  of  the  new 
world,  and  of  magnificent  ])i-oportions  for  a  clearing  in  the 
woods.  Earnest,  eloquent,  godly,  patient  and  devoted,  he  was 
beloved  and  esteemed  not  only  by  his  own  little  flock,  but  by 
all  the  great  and  strong  leaders  of  New  England, 

If  it  were  indeed  true  that  there  really  is  a  fish  in  the  sea 
called  Lucerne,  whose  tongue  doth  shine  like  a  torch,  then  it  is 
but  a  trifling  stretch  to  say  that  its  illuminating  power  might  be 
transferred  to  the  human  organ,  and  then  as  a  natural  sequence, 
the  tongue  of  the  first  parson  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Essex  County  might  easily  have  been  reached. 

The  church,  as  first  settled,  was  on  the  Congregational 
order,  and  that  of  the  most  primitive  and  distinguishing  type. 
In  1716,  or  shortly  after,  its  form  of  government  was  changed 


42 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


to  Presliyterian,  and  witli  the  change 
of  name  came  the  change  of  spirit. 
The  fifst  meeting-house  was  con- 
structed in  1668.  Five  men  were 
selected  to  superintend  its  construc- 
tion and  were  endowed  with  full  power 
to  niana,i;(f  its  affairs.  Modest,  in- 
deed, were  the  proportions  of  the 
buildings,  vi/..  :  36x26  and  13  feet 
between  the  joints.  Such  wonderful 
care  was  exercised  on  the  |)art  of  these 
five  good  men  and  true,  that  ne.irly  a 
year  and  a  half  of  time  had  slipped 
away  ere  the  little  church  approached 
completion.  When  finished,  the  little 
church  building  had  what  was  termed 
a  lenter  or  lean-to.  which  made  the 
building  36  feet  s(|uare. 

Pastor  Abraham  Pierson  led  his 
little  flock  into  its  sacred  precincts  for 
nearly  twelve  years,  when  Ood,  whom 
he  had  faithfully  served  for  many  lon^' 
years,  called  him  away  to  the  better 
land. 

The  building,  which  was  known  as 
Our  Meeting  House,  had  a  stockade 
at  each  corner,  rendering  it  more  easily 
defencible  against  attacks  from  the 
Indians.  Instead  of  the  huge  bells 
which  now  call  the  people  with  brazen 
tongue,  the  roll  of  the  drum  announced 
the  hour  for  making  ready,  then  again 

to  announce  that  the  church  doors  were  open  and  the  congrega- 
tion might  enter.  Not  alone  for  leligious  service  did  the  first 
settlers  occupy  their  church ;  it  was  their  place  of  assemblage 


-^J      .tK'  n  rf  jr^  K1  m  rsritrjsffffi 


INlEKlUK  UF   tlKSI    l'KLbl;Vl  Kkl.\N   CHURCH,  iiUKlNG  CENTENNl.AL  CELEIiR.i'l'ION. 


on  all  important  public  occasions,  and  thus  it  continued  for  the 
tlrst  forty  years.  That  no  monument,  or  simple  slab,  even, 
marks  the  spcjt  where  the  heroic  old  first  pastor  sleeps,  is  to  be 
regretted.  Even  though  the  spot 
where  he  lies  buried  is  unmarked,  yet 
his  memory  is  sound,  and  the  spirit  of 
the  eminent  dixine  moves  on. 

The  second  minister  to  officiate  in 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  was  a 
son  of  the  first,  a  graduate  of  Cam- 
bridge. A  few  years  after  his  father's 
death  he  was  removed  from  his  pas- 
torate and  returned  to  Connecticut, 
from  whence  he  was  called  to  the 
Presidency  of  ^'ale  College,  which 
office  he  filled  but  a  short  lime  before 
his  d.eath. 

The  Rew  John  Prudden.  at  the  age 
of  foity-five,  was  settled  as  the  third 
minister  of  the  church  and  coiuinuol 
to  be  the  pastor  for  about  ten  ye.ii^. 
.After  his  removal  from  the  pastoral' 
he  leniained  in  Newark,  and  lived  .1 
pri\rUe  life,  beloved  and  honored  b\ 
ill  till  in  1725,  and  at  the  ripe  old  .rji- 
uf  So,  he  died. 

.About  1701,  Rev.  Jalie/  Wakeman, 
ilie  fourth  minister  in  the  successinn 
of  pastors,  was  installed.  His  niinisir, 
was  of  short  duiation,  extending  over 
a  period  of  but  three  years,  when  he 
(lied  at  the  age  of  26.  In  1705-6,  Rev. 
Nathaniel  Powers  was  accepted  as  the 


INTERIOR  OF  FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH,  DURING  CENTENNI.VL  CELEBRATION. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


45 


fifth  minister.  Mr.  Bowers  remained  but  ten  years  when  lie 
was  dismissed,  says  the  record,  for  reasons  no  longer  known. 
During  his  pastorate  the  congregation  built  a  new  church,  of 
which  stone  was  the  material,  a  church  which  it  was  said  was 
the  first  in  respectability  and  elegance  in  the  colony. 

Not  long,  however,  were  this  congregation  of  devoted  Christian 
people  permitted  to  enjoy  their  seating  in  the  beautiful  structure. 
since  the  legal  fraternity  were  not  long  satisfied  with  glances 
alone,  but  after  it  had  been  newly  covered  and  repaired  in  1756. 
it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  County  officials,  and  became  the 
Esse.v  County  Court  House. 

After  the  dismission  of  I\ev.  Mr.  Bowers  a  long  vacancy 
occured,  during  which  a  Mr.  Buckingham  officiated  a  few  times, 
and  it  is  said  occasioned  some  excitement.  At  length,  on  Oct. 
2\.  1719,  Rev.  Joseph  Webb  was  nrfl.iine<!   here,  and  installed 


the  students  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Burr,  at  Newark.  On  the 
permanent  location  of  the  college  at  Princeton.  Mr.  Burr  was 
called  to  preside  over  it  there. 

On  June  28,  1759,  Mr.  Alexander  McWhorter  a  graduate  of 
the  college  of  New  Jersey,  who  had  studied  under  the  famous 
William  Tennent,  of  Freehold,  was  called  and  when  he  preached 
his  first  sermon,  the  people  "  At  once  fixed  their  eyes  on  him, 
as  the  object  of  their  united  choice."  Mr.  McWhorter  was 
ordained  at  Cranbury,  North  Carolina,  on  July  4,  1759.  When 
the  Commissioners  from  Newark  appeared  to  request  of  the 
Presbytery  his  appointment  as  stated  supply  among  them,  their 
prayer  was  granted  at  once  and  the  same  summer  he  was 
installed  as  the  eighth  pastor  of  this  church.  In  1764-5.  a  great 
revival  was  enjojed  in  this  church  and  many  were  converted. 
In    1766,  Mr.  McWhorter  being  in  feeble  health    traveled  and 


r.\KK     PKESinTEUIAX    CHURCH. 


as  the  si.xth  pastor  of  this  chinch  bv  the  Presbytery  of  Phila- 
delphia, the  Rev.  Joseph  Magec,  Rev.  Jonathan  Dickerson, 
Rev.  John  Pierson  and  Rev.  Robert  Orr  officiatuig  at  his  or- 
dination. For  a  few  years  (observes  the  venerable  historian) 
tranquilty  reigned  in  the  town,  all  were  harmonious  and  all 
were  avowed  Presbyterians,  but  contentions  arising,  some 
persons  became  dissatisfied  and  invited  the  services  of  an 
Episcopal  clergyman.  Not  long  after  this  Mr.  Webb  requested 
and  obtained  his  dismission.  Sad  to  relate,  shortly  after  this 
himself  and  son  were  drowned  while  crossing  the  river  at  Say- 
brook,  Connecticut.  In  1737-8,  Rev.  .Aaron  Burr  the  seventh 
minister  was  settled  here.  He  was  the  father  of  the  once 
celebrated  Col.  Aaron  Burr,  once  the  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States.  In  1747,  the  college  of  New  Jersey  was  insti- 
tuted and  Mr.  Jonathan  IJickerson.  was  .ippointed  its  first 
President.     The  following  year  he  died,  and  the  trustees  placed 


was  entirely  restored,  not  the  only  one  who  has  since  journeyed 
that  way  to  recover.  In  1778  Mr.  McWhorter  received  a 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Y.ale  College,  and  in  1779 
Dr.  McWhorter,  who  had  won  woild-wide  fame  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel,  was  called  to  Meckelenburgh  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Charlotte.  Soon  after  his  settlement  there,  the  British  army, 
under  Lord  Cornwallis,  entered  Charlotte.  The  Doctor  and  his 
family  fled,  his  house  was  plundered,  and  nearly  all  his  property, 
his  furniture  and  his  library  were  destroyed.  In  the  summer  of 
1780  he  returned  to  the  North  and  engaged  to  teach  at  Abing- 
ton,  in  Pennsylvania,  for  the  winter.  The  people  of  Newark 
hearing  this,  invited  him  to  pay  them  a  visit.  He  did  so  in 
February,  178 1.  In  April  they  sent  him  a  regular  call.  He 
returned  with  his  family  and  though  never  regularly  installed 
again,  he  officiated  as  pastor  till  his  death  in  1807. 


44 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Up  to  tliis  time  (1785)  what  was  known  as  "the  half 
w;iy  practice  "  was  in  \  ogne  in  the  Presbyterian  Churches. 
This  meant  tliat  parents  who  had  not  sat  at  the  coni- 
niuninn  lalile  themselves  could  present  their  children 
tor  baptism.  This  practice  the  Doctor  believed  was 
contrary  to  the  primitive  church,  and  was  suppression 
of  sound  church  government  and  discipline.  In  1790 
that  practice  was  unanimously  condemned  and  candidates 
for  admission  were  no  longer  to  be  examined  by  the 
minister  alone,  but  before  the  whole  sessions,  a  practice 
uliiih  has  prevailed  e\er  since.  It  is  generally  believed 
that  Dr.  McW'horter  was  one  of  the  chief  investigators 
of,  it  he  did  not  actually  write  the  famous  document 
known  as  the  Meckelenlnirgh  Declaration  of  Indcpendenc  e 
and  had  \ery  much  to  do  with  the  ftny  eNtendrrI  tow.ird 
this  veneiable  divnie  by  the  IJritish.  In  1801 .  Rev.  Kdward 
(IriUm  became  associate  pastor.  July  20,  1S07,  Dr. 
McWhorter  died,  aged  73  years  and  5  days,  greatly  and 
justly  lamented.  In  May,  1  S09.  Dr.  Griflin  was  dismissed 
to  accept  the  chair  of  Sacred  Eloquence  in  the  Theological 
.Seminary,  at  Andover,  Massachusetts.  He  afterward 
was  jiastor  of  the  .Second  Pi'esbyterian  Church,  frorrr 
which  he  was  called  to  liecome  president  of  Williams 
College.  Dr.  James  Richards  was  the  next  insl.dled 
pastor,  as  the  successor  of  Di'.  Grilfrn.  This  was  in  the 
spring  of  l8oy,  and  ihe  blessed  connection  was  continued  until 
rS23  when  it  was  dissolved,  that  the  Doctor  might  occupy  the 
eh.iii-  of  Christian  Theology  in  the  Auburn  Theologicnl  Semin- 
ary, New  York  Stale.  In  June,  1824,  the  congregation  called 
a  licentiate  from  the  Tresliytery  of  Philadelphia,  Rev.  William 
Harrrilton. 

This  connection  was  contuiucd  irnder  ('.inl's  blessing  from  the 
date  of  his  oidinalion  Jirly  27.  1824.  as  the  eleventh  pastor  in 
the    line  of  succession,  until  the   call  went    forth  to  Dr.  Ansel 


SF.CONU    PKESliYTEKIAN    tHUKLH, 


SIXTH    I'RESDVTERI.AX    CHURCH. 

D  Edtly.  who  served  from  1835  to  1848,  when  a  call  w.is  made 
to  Dr.  Jonathan  F.  Stearns,  Oct,  28,  1849.  Dr.  Slearns,  the 
thirteenth  pastor,  continued  to  minister  the  affairs  of  this  church 
until  18S3.  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  occupant  of 
the  pulpit.  Dr.  D.  R.  Frazer,  who  up  to  the  present  time 
(1897)  has  conducted  iheaffairsof  this  church  on  the  higher  lines 
of  Christianily,  with  marvellous  acceptabiUly,  and  with  entii"e 
satisfaction  as  the  fourteenlh  of  the  pastoral  hue,  to  all  who 
drink  frorrr  the  fount  of  his  learning  at  the  foot  of  the  First 
Church  pulpit.  Few  irren  have  a  higher  standiirg  in  the 
Presbyterian  Chui'ch,  and  the  n.rme  of  Fiazer  is  known  and 
honored  wherever  the  Gosjiel  is  preached. 

PARK     PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 

DURING  the  jear    1S48,  sixly-one  nrerrrber's    of    the    Frrsi 
I'lesb)  teri.rn  Church   organized  a  religious  society  under 
the  slyle  of  the  "  I'.uk    Presbyterian   C  hurch  of  Newark,  N.  J." 

The  Irrsl  paslor  of  ihe  chuich  was  the  Rev.  Ansel  D.  Eddy, 
1)  1).  Among  Ihe  original  and  charier-  meirrbers  ar'e  the  nanres 
of  many  who  ,ire  well  known  in  this  city,  as  Stephen  Dodd, 
James  1 1,  Clarke,  I!  umplirey  P.  1  )imhanr,  Richard  Hall,  Maria 
IC,  and  Sarah  K,  Searing,  George  C.  Dodd,  Edward  A.  and 
Amanda  Crane,  Ezi-a  Ilolles.  I'lenjamin  F.  Harrisorr.  Charles  D 
Cr.me  .ind  m.iiiy  others. 

Among  ris  earliesl  elders  were  Stephen  Dodd,  Otis  Boyden, 
Richard  liall.  l).i\id  C.  Dodd,  Terah  Benedict,  Lewis  C. 
(bnver,  Stephen  R.  Grover  and  William  Ashley. 

The  session,  in  later  years,  has  included  Francis  K,  Howell, 
James  S,  Higbie,  Stephen  J.  .Meeker,  Dr.  Edward  P.  Nichols. 
Elbert  H.  Baldwin.  Edwin  J.  Ross,  Joseph  A,  Hallock,  Albni 
T  Freeman,  Jarrres  Mawha,  Willianr  J.  Rusling,  Aaron  King, 
Alexander  Beach,  Edward  N.  Crane,  Elias  F  Morr'ow,  Edward 
E,  Sill,  Edward  13,  and  George  H.  Denny,  Hugh  Haddow, 
Alvah  W.  Osmun  and  others 

Rev,  Dr.  Eddy  was  succeeded  in  the  pastorate  by  Rev.  Henry 
A.  Rowland,  D.  D.,  Rev.  James  G.  Hainrier.  D.  D.,  Rev.  Joel 
Parker,  D.  D,  Rev.  Prentiss  De  \'eu\e,  D.  D.,  the  last  narrred 
of  whom  was  rnfluential  in  securing  the  removal  from  Park 
street  to  the  [jiesent  site  of  the  church,  in  P.elleville  avenue, 
corner  of  Kearny  sti'eet. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


45 


The  corner-stone  of  the  new  building  was  laid  May  22,  1872. 
The  dedication  sermon  was  by  Rev.  William  Adams.  U.  IX. 
October  6,  1874.  Dr.  De  Veuve  resigned  the  pastorate  in 
March.  1879. 

In  1879  a  unanimous  call  was  extended  to  Re\-.  J.  Clement 
French,  D.  D.,  who  had  been  pastor  of  the  Central  Congrega- 
tional Church,  of  Brooklyn,  for  fourteen  years,  and  of  the  West- 
minster Church,  of  that  city,  for  five  years. 

Dr.  French  was  installed  as  pastor  of  Park  Church  in  October, 
1879.     At  that  time  the  membership  was  164. 


apartments,   were  complete  and   dedicated   on  the  evening  of 
that  day. 

IJr.  French   is  still  the   pastor,  and   will  complete  his  eioh- 
teenth  year  of  service  in  October,  1897. 

SIXTH    PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH. 

WI-:  FIND  the  efforts  leading  to  the  organization  of  the 
Sixth  Presbyterian  Church  somewhat  hard  to  trace.  It 
appears  that  Rev.  S.  S.  Potter  began  services  in  this  neighbor- 
hood March  5.  1S4S,     On  March  28  he  was  invited  to  preach  for 


ST.    PAUL'S   M.    E.   CHURCH. 


From  the  first  the  seating  capacity  of  the  edifice  was  too  small 
for  the  attendance.  In  18S4  it  became  absolutely  necessary  to 
enlarge  the  building.  On  Sabbath  morning.  April  20,  $18,000 
were  subscribed  for  this  purpose,  afterwards  more.  Work  was 
at  once  begun.  The  chapel.  Sunday-school  rooms  and  the  rear 
of  the  auditorium  were  taken  down. 

On  April  20.  1S85,  the  church  building  increased  in  its  seating 
capacity  to  about  800,  and  changed  in  all  its  interior  architecture 
and  adornments,  a  new  chapel.  Sabbath-school  rooms,  primary 
department  room,  bible  class  rooms,  study  and  other  necessary 


a  term  of  six  months  at  a  salary  of  Sio^  for  the  whole  time. 
It  is  curious  to  find  that  when  this  term  of  service  had  expired 
a  meeting  was  held  to  raise  the  money  which  resulted  in  a  total 
of  833  But  the  ladies  came  to  the  rescue  and  helped  out  the 
balance  with  a  donation  visit.  Mr.  Potter's  term  of  service 
was  during  the  cholera  epidemic  and  he  w'rites  that  lie  had  four 
or  five  funerals  a  week. 

The  church  was  organized  by  a  Committee  of  Presbytery, 
October  1.  1848,  in  a  little  school  hall  in  Union  Street,  near 
Lafayette  Street.     The  committee  consisted  of  Rev.  Drs.  Condit 


4S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


.md  Briiisnuule  and  Rev.  S.  S.  Folter,  and  ciders  II.  Hunt  and 
O.  Crane.  Dr.  Condit  lit-ing  inevented  from  attending  liy  a 
funeral  service,  Mr  I'oUer  took  his  place  as  moderator  of  the 
meeting.  The  organization  was  effected  with  36  members,  sixteen 
coming  from  the  Third  Church,  nine  from  the  Central  Cluirch, 
three  from  the  I'"irst  Church  and  the  remaining  eight  from 
churches  outsitle  the  city.  So  far  as  is  known.  Rev.  Mr.  Potter 
is  tlie  only  person  surviving  who  participated  in  the  organization 
and  he  is  still  active.  I)eing  connected  with  a  religious  journal  in 
Cincinnati. 

It  was  during  Mr.  Potter's  term  of  service  that  a  church 
edifice  was  begun.  This  building  still  st.inds  in  Union  Street, 
opposite  Hamilton  and  is  occupied  by  a  congregation  of 
colored  people.  It  does  not  appear  just  when  the  Sunday  School 
was  organized  but  it  was  some  months  before  the  church,  prob- 
ably early  in  the  uar  1.S4.S.  The  first  elders  of  the  church  were  : 
na\'id  loline.  Lemuel  F.  Corwin  and  .Aaron  C.  W'arch  The 
first  trustees  were;  Horace  J.  Pointer,  Robert  Dodd.  Aaron  C. 
Ward,  I'.|>hraim  Tucker,  \Vm.  Douglas,  Jabez  Cook,  Jr.,  and 
Isaac  1'..  I,i-e.  A  number  of  these  names  have  been  associatetl 
with  the  public  life  of  tliis  ciiy. 

The  first  regul.ar  jiaslor  of  the  church  was  W'm.  Aikman, 
who  was  installed  Decenilier  2(1,  1849.  .and  served  llie  chinch 
for  almost  eight  years.  It  was  during  llns  ji.istinate  that  the 
lecture  ronni  was  Iniill  in  the  rear  of  llie  nld  church.  Mr. 
.Aikman  is  now  living  in  .Atl.uitic  City  where,  until  recentlv,  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Presb\  Iciian  Chuich. 

The  second  |iastor  was  Win.  T,  p.v.i.  who  was  installed  Dec. 
16,  1857,  and  ser\ed  the  church  about  three  years,  when  he  was 
called  to  the  Methesda  Church,  Philadelphia.     There  he  labored 


SlIUlll     liAl'TIST    CHURCH. 

during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Mr.  Eva's  pastorate  covered 
the  jKiiod  of  depression  just  previous  to  the  great  Rebellion, 
and  when  he  left  the  church  experienced  much  difficulty  in 
secuiinga  new  pastor — so  much  so  that  they  were  almost  ready 


I'l'.imiE    MKMORI.\L    I!..\PTIST    CHURCH. 

to  clisb.md.  Finally.  Rev.  James  M  Dickson  was  called  and 
installed  as  pastor  .March  11,  1S63.  Mr.  Dickson  served  the 
church  about  six  years.  It  was  during  this  pastorate  that 
strenuous  efforts  were  niade  toward  getting  a  new  church 
edifice,  but  the  scheme  finally  failed  and  many  of  the  people 
lost  all  confidence  in  the  intention  of  the  uptown  churches  to 
aid  the  Sixth  C'hurch  buikling  enterprise.  It  was  about  this 
time  that  the  Ladies'  Parsonage  .Association  was  formed,  w  Inch 
succeeded  in  securing  the  house  that  is  the  present  p.irsonage. 
at  124  F.lm  street.  Rev.  Dr.  Dickson  is  now  pasior  ol  1 
Reformed  Church  in  I?rooklyn,  N.  \'. 

M.irtin  F.  Hollister  was  ihe  next  pastor  and  ser\cd  dining 
the  longest  period  of  any  pastor  the  church  has  li.id.  He  was 
installed  on  June  4.  1S70,  and  resigned  Deci  inber  i,  18S4.  Mr. 
HoUi.ter  then  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he  laliored  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Tract  Society,  and  later  as  secretary  .and  treasurer 
of  the  Congregational  Seminary  until  he  was  t.aken  sick  and 
came  east  to  be  amid  home  associations  and  in  the  stimmer  of 
18S9  departed  this  life. 

The  present  pastor,  Davis  W.  Lusk,  a  life-like  ])hoto  of 
whom  .ippe.irs  among  the  illustrations,  began  work  on  the  first 
Sund.iy  of  April,  1SS5,  and  about  two  weeks  later  was  installctl 
by  the  Newark  I'resbytery.  He  immediately  set  himself  to  the 
work  of  getting  a  new  church  edifice,  and  in  the  fall  of  that 
year  put  in  working  form  methods  for  accumulating  money  to 
build.  It  was  a  long,  hard  task  of  over  six  years,  but  patience, 
perseverance  and  prayer  made  the  efforts  successful  and  on 
November  9,  1891,  the  present  beautiful  building  at  the  corner 
of  Union  and  Lafayette  Streets  was  dedicated,  with  sufficient 
money  pledged  to  meet  all  obligations.  The  total  cost  of  the 
site  and  building  furnished  was  about  $48,000.  The  dedication 
sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Charles  H.  Parkhurst.  D  D.,  of 
the  Madison  Square  church.  New  York.  Henry  E.  (\gden  was 
chairm.in  of  the  building  committee  and  llalsey  Wood,  archi- 
tect. 


ESSEX  COrXTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


47 


The  church  is  unique  it  its  arrangenieiits  and  entirely  modern. 
It  is  heated  throughout  with  hot  water  and  the  gallery  is  seated 
with  upholstered  opera  chairs.  The  building  is  so  arranged 
that  all  the  parlors  can  be  turned  into  the  church  and  the 
speaker  can  speak  to  over  one  thousand  people.  The  church  is 
very  popular  in  the  community  and  never  has  to  close,  summer 
or  winter,  for  lack  of  a  congregation.  On  the  outside  is  a 
tablet  bearing  this  inscription  :  "This  church  is  conducted  in 
the  interest  of  the  people  outside  of  it."  There  are  no  pew  rents, 
the  church  being  supported  by  the  systematic  and  voluntary 
offerings  of  the  people.  The  effort  is  to  create  the  right  kind 
of  spiritual  atmosphere,  to  bring  the  Christ  life  and  love  and 
feeling  into  the  church.  The  church  has  a  well  equipped  Hoys' 
Brigade  -the  first  organized  in  the  city.  The  Christian  En- 
deavor Society  was  the  first  organized  among  I'resbyterians 
here  and  the  second  in  order  of  time  in  the  city. 

The  names  of  those  who  have  served  the  church  as  ruling 
elders  are  as  follows  :  David  Joline,  Aaron  C.  Ward,  Lemuel 
F.  Corwin,  Horace  J.  I'oinier.  J.  Sandford  Smith,  John  I).  Wood, 
Isaac  Ugden,  John  C.  Wilkinson.  Wiu.  K  Parkhurst,  Job 
Haines,  Joseph  .\.  Hallock,  \Vm.  R.  15arton,  Henry  E.  Ogden 
The  present  officers  are:  Elders. — Joseph  Clark,  Heniy  K. 
Williams,  .Alvin  \'.  Decker,  W'm.  H.  Preston,  Wm.  McKenzie, 
Abram  1.  Thompson.  Deacons. — Josiah  Duncan,  Wm.  H. 
Davis,  Thomas  Thompson.  Trustees. — Alvin  V.  Decker,  presi- 
dent; Abram  1.  Thompson,  secretary;  Ernest  C.  Kcock,  treas- 
urer; Lolt  Southaril.  M.  D.  Clarence  M.  Hedden,  Fred.  L. 
Eberhardt,  Theodore  T.  Lawshe.  Joseph  W.  Clark.  Wm.  H. 
Davis, 

SECOND   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH. 

IN  the  former  pari  of  the  year  iSio,  a  number  of  individuals 
residing  in  the  upper  part  of  the  town  of  Newaik,  and 
members  of  the  first  Presbyterian  congregation,  being  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  having  a  Second  l^resbyterian  Church, 
adopted  incipient  measures  for  the  accomplishment  of  this 
object.  A  year  before  this,  at  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  the 
First  Church,  it  was  evolved,  that  it  w-as  "  advisable  for  this 
society  to  build  another  meeting-house;"  but  no  successful 
movement  was  made,  till  the  time  above  mentioned,  for  the 
establishment  of  a  second  church.  On  the  i8th  of  June,  i8io, 
the  corner-stone  of  the  church  edifice  was  laid  with  appropriate 


THE   NEW    VOKK    AVENUE    REEORJMED    CHURCH. 


THIRD    PRE-SBYTERIAN    CHURCH. 

religious   services    by    Rev.   Samuel    Whelpley.     The    building 
was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  God.  Septend)er  30,  iSi  1. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  congregation,  held  January  12,  1811,  the 
following  persons  were  elected  Trustees,  viz. ;  James  Hedden, 
Joseph  T.  Baldwin,  David  Doremus,  John  N.  Cumming.  Marcus 
15.  Douglass.  James  Conley  and  Theodore  Fre- 
linghuysen,  who  took  the  oalh  of  office  April 
22,  of  the  same  year. 

.-\t  another  meeting"  of  the  congregation,  held 
l.inuary  23,  1  Si  1,  of  which  Rev.  James  Richards. 
D.  D.,  was  moderator,  a  call  was  made  out  to 
Mr.  Hooper  Cumming,  to  t<ike  upon  him  the 
pastoral  office  ,-imong  them.  In  .April  ftillowing 
the  congregation  was  taken  under  the  care  of 
the  Presby'ery  of  Jersey;  and  on  October  3,  of 
the  same  year,  Mr.  Cumming  was  ordained  to 
the  work  of  the  Gospel  ministry,  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church. 
Rev.  Stephen  Thompson  ))reaclied  the  sermon, 
from  I  Cor.  i.  21  ;  Rev.  James  Richards,  1).  D., 
presided,  and  gave  the  charge  to  the  muiisler, 
and  Rev.  Amzi  Armstrong,  D.  D..  addiessed  the 
people. 

The  church  was  organized  in  October.  iSii. 
.\t  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  church, 
held  November  6,  1811,  when  a  sermon  w.is 
preached  by  Dr.  Richards  from  Hebrew  xlii.  1, 
the  following  persons  were  elected  to  the  office 
of    ruling    elders,    viz. ;      Nathaniel    Douglass, 


48 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


[osepli  L.  Keen  aiul  Aaron  Ward, 
the  first  two  were  also  chosen  and 
set  apart  to  perform  tlie  duties  of 
deacons. 

.At  the  organization  of  the  church 
there  were  ninety-three  mendjers, 
all  of  whom  were  dismissed  and 
recominended  liy  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church.  The  whole  number 
of  persons  who  have  been  con- 
nected with  the  church  is  two 
thousand  eiyht  hundred  and  thirty- 
-eight.  Of  these,  one  thousand 
tlve  hundred  and  seventy-eight  were 
received  on  certificate  and  one 
tliousand  two  Inindred  .uid  sixty 
on  ex.ininiation.  At  the  present 
lime,  the  wliolc  number  in  com- 
munion with  this  climxh  is  six 
hundred  and  twenty-eight. 

In  November,  1895,  the  l\ev 
Thomas  Reed  Bridges  assumed 
charge  of  the  pastoral  office,  and  is 
now  the  pastor. 


KEV.    CAKL    .SCHE:. 


T 


EMANUEL   M.   E    CHURCH   (GERMAN) 

HIS  I  hurch  was  founded  in  Octciber.  1844.  by  the  Rev.  J.  C. 
.S.iuler,  who  was  sent  to  Newark  by  the  New  York  Con- 
ference of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  At  first  he  held 
religious  services  in  the  Franklin  Street  Methodist  Church, 
afterward  in  a  school  house  in  ISank  Street.  Here  he  met  with 
much  opposition.  While  preaching  the  word  of  God  on 
the  second  floor,  a  noted  Cierman  freethinker  held  forth  on 
the  floor  below.  Prayer  and  class  meetings  hekl  in  piiv.ite 
houses  were  frequently  disturbed.  Yet  the  good  man  met  with 
much  success,  and  in  October,  1845.  the  young  society  bought 
the  old  Baptist  Church  in  Market  Street,  opp.isite  the  depot  of 
the  present  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  for  §2. 500.  When  Rev.  J. 
Sauter  was  transferred  to  another  field  of  labor  in  1847,  he  left 
a  membership  of  eighty-five.  A  few  prominent  citizens  of 
Newark  took  quite  an  interest  in   the  new  enterprise.     When 


the  Society  was  incorporated  (1S4;).  Messrs.  D.ivid  Wood, 
Wm.  U.  Douglas,  Cornelius  Walsh  and  Dennis  Osborne, 
together  with  three  German  brethren— Leonhart  Meyer,  Louis 
Hagny  and  Christoph  Stieringer  -cor.stituie<I  the  first  Board  of 
Trustees.  Not  all  the  successors  of  Mr.  Sauter  were  as  fruitful 
as  he.  Indeed,  his  imnietliate  successor  had  to  be  deposed  from 
the  ministry.  In  184S  the  Rev.  J.  Swahlen.  the  first  convert 
under  the  labors  of  Dr.  Wm.  Nasi,  was  sent  to  Newark  to 
repair  damages,  but  he  too  was  followed  In'  an  unworth\  man 
who,  however,  was  speedily  removed. 

A  list  of  succeeding  pastors  and  the  dates  of  the  beginning 
of  their  labors  ni.ay  not  be  uninteresting:     C.  Hoevener,  1850 
J.   Sauter.    1852;    F.  G.   (iratz,    1854;     Wm.   Schwartz,    1855 
C.  H.  Aftlerbach.  1857;  J.  Sauter.  1S5S 
J.  F.  Seidel,  1S60;  F.  W.  Dinger.   1862 
C.  Jost.  1S66;    J.  W.   Freund.    1869;   I' 


H.  Kastendieck,  1859 
H.  Kastendieck,  1S64 
(Hiattlinder,  1872  :   H 


KEV.   I'AUL  OIATTl.A.NDKK. 


Kastendieck.  1875  ;  J.  C.  Deininger, 
1878;  J.  W.  Freund,  18S1  ;  G. 
Abele.  1884;  L.  Wallon,  18S7;  V. 
Quattlander,  1892;  A.  Flammann, 
1896. 

In  1871  the  property  on  Market 
Street  was  solil  for  §20.000  and 
the  present  edifice  erected  on  the 
corner  of  Mulberry  and  Walnut 
Streets,  at  a  cost  of  $33,000,  in- 
cluding the  building  lots.  An  ex- 
cellent cut  of  the  building  will  be 
seen   on  another  page. 

The  membership  of  the  church 
is  at  present  comparatively  small. 
V'ery  few  of  its  origiral  members 
remain.  ,ind  the  young  people  have 
been  and  are  drifting  away,  seeking 
their  cliureh  homes  in  Kngiisli 
speaking  congregations.  Indeed, 
this  church  has  been,  to  a  large 
extent,  a  nursery  for  other  churches. 
'I  here  are  scattered  all  over  Newark 
in  the  English  speaking  Methodist, 


KEV.  J.  N.  MOKKIS. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


49 


Presbyterian  and  other  churches,  those  who  have  once  been 
members  or  Sunday  School  scholars  of  this  church.  Some 
twenty  years  ago  the  writer  of  these  lines  took  pains  to  trace, 
as  far  as  he  could,  those  who  went  out  from  this  society  and 
'  joined  others,  and  to  his  own  surprise  found  that  the  number 
was  very  huije,  that  if  brought  together  they  would  fill  any 
church  building  in  Newark.  Still  the  society  is  free  from  debt, 
self-supporting  and  gives  annually  from  §Soo  to  $i.oooto  the 
various  benevolences  of  the  church. 

THIRD  GERMAN    PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH 

Tl  11'^  'Ihiicl  Genn.in  I'resbyterian  Cluuch  was  urg.uii/ed 
Monday,  March  30,  1S63,  in  the  Lecture  Room  of  the 
Sixth  I'resbvterian  Church  on  Union  Street,  opposite  Hamilton. 
In  the  same  year  the  congregation  bought  lots  corner  Ferry  and 
Madison  Streets,  where  their  first  chapel  and  parsonage  were 
erected. 

The  Rev.  Geo.  C.  Seibert,  Ph.D.,  D.  D.,  was  the  first 
pastor,  viz.:  from  October,  1863,  until  October.  187:^.  The 
Rev.  Oscar  Kraft  succeeded  Dr.  Seibert.  and  remained  until 
March  17,  1S74,  when  the  St.  Stephen's  Church  was  formed 
frotii  part  of  the  membership,  with  whom  the  Rev.  O.  Kraft 
went. 

In  the  spring  of  1875,  the  Rev.  Julius  H.  Wolff  was  called, 
and  was  installed  as  its  pastor  on  the  ninth  day  of  June,  1875, 
who  is  still  the  pastor  of  the  church  Under  his  administration, 
the  old  property  corner  Ferry  and  Madison  Streets  was  sold, 
and  a  new  site  corner  Hamburg  Place  and  Ann  Street  was 
purchased  in  1882. 

In  1883  the  new  church,  as  shown  in  the  illustration,  was 
erected,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  450. 


z' 


J 


NORTH    IJAPTIST    CHURCH. 


THIRD  GERMAN  PRESIiVTF.RI AN  CHURCH. 

In  1884  the  parsonage  was  built,  and  in  1891  the  first  story  of 
the  Lecture   Room   was  added,  which   was  completed  in    1895. 

The  church  has  now.  (1897)  200  communicants,  a  flourishing 
Sabbath  school  with  400  scholars,  and  a  thrifty  Ladies'  .\k\ 
Society  and  a  Young  Peoples'  ,\id  Society. 

The  property  represents  an  actual  expense  of  thirty-one 
thousand  dollars. 

ST.   PAUL'S   M.   E.   CHURCH 

I\  all  probabdity,  no  church  in  Essex  County  has  exercised  a 
wider  range  of  usefulness  from  the  moment  of  its  organization 
than  St.  Paul's  M.  E.  Church,  her  history  dating  back  to  Feb- 
ruary, 1853,  when  she  began  her  career  with  a  roll  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty-two  members.  Of  these,  many  were  leaders  in 
business  and  social  life,  and  all  were  devoted  Christians, 
Methodists,  /«'  Jt',  antl  followers  of  Wesley,  the  divine.  Full 
laden  with  affilaties  of  love  and  with  an  atdency  of  effort 
which  would  brook  no  delays,  a  brilliant  promise  of  success  was 
present  from  the  start.  As  above  stated,  the  church  organiza- 
tion did  not  take  place  until  February,  1S53.  but  from  a  charm- 
ing little  tributary  work  from  the  pen  of  Mrs.  A.  F.  R.  Martin, 
entitled  ■'  A  Glance  Backward,"  we  find  the  following  facts : 
"  Forty-two  years  ago  May,  1S96,  a  band  of  Christian  workers, 
talking  together,  considered  the  subject  of  organizing  a  new 
church,  and  before  they  parted  Mm  church  was  successfully 
begun.  For  when  did  ever  earnest  disciples  'consider'  a  noble 
work  without  successful  issue  .'  " 

From  that  night,  interest  in  the  project  never  flagged,  the 
workers  never  halted  in  their  purpose.  A  few  months  after- 
ward the  property  on  which  tliis  church  stands  was  selected, 
and  the  first  payment  made.  Two  months  latei  work  on  the 
chapel  was  begun. 

The  enthusiasm  of  the  little  band  continued  unabated,  and  the 
work  went  forward  rapidly.     Another  two  months  passed,  and 


50 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


on  Febriian"  9.  1853,  a  church  was  organized  with  one  hnndred 
and  twenty-two  members,  to  be  known  as  tlie  Broid  Street  M. 
E.  Church.  Within  the  week  following  a  hall  was  rented  in 
which  to  hold  services  until  the  chapel  should  be  completed. 
The  next  Sabbath.  February  20,  1853,  the  first  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  Chauncy  Scliaffer.  and  the  hrst  Sunday 
School  was  assembled,  with  Elias  Francis  and  Charles  Camp- 
bell superintendents,  both  of  whom  served  in  this  capacity  for 
fifteen  years.  Both  are  now  gone  to  their  reward,  while  their 
children  and  children's  children  stand  in  their  places. 

In  April,  the  Rev.  \Vm.  F.  Corbctt  was  appointed  pastor. 
On  December  29,  the  chapel  was  opened  for  religious  service 
and  ten  thousand  dollars  raised  toward  the  church. 

In  1854,'  Rev.  Henry  Cox  was  appointed  pastor,  and  work 
commenced  on  the  church.  At  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone 
October  26,  six  thousand  dollars  was  subscribed.  Febru.uy  26. 
1856,  the  church  was  dedicated  by  Bishops  Simpson,  Pierce 
and  James,  of  sainted  memory.  July  16.  1862.  the  pews  were 
rented  to  the  highest  bidders,  an  innovation  for  the  Methodist 
Church  in  those  days. 

That  the  career  of  St.  I'aul's  (the  new  name  adopted  in  1865) 
has  been  truly  phenominal  none  will  doubt,  and  this  partly 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  from  the  beginning  she  has  num- 
bered among  her  membership  many  strong  men  and  women  who 
always  stood  ready  to  help,  and  were  always  willing  to  make 
the  required  sacrifice  to  push  on  the  work  of  making  St. 
Paul's  the  equal  to  any  other  Methodist  church  in  the  county. 

Tiie  noble  self-sacrificing  band  of  Christian  men  antl  women 
who  have  gathered  around  the  shrine  of  St.  Paul's  from  the  very 
beo-ining,  labored  ever  to  promote  St.  Paul's  w'elfare,  and  insure 
the  church's  advance  and  prosperity,  by  bringing  such  an  in- 
fluence to  bear  on  conferences  that  would  prove  irresistible  in 
securing  the  appointment  of  men  of  eloquence  and  men  of 
power  to  fill  their  pulpit— in  a  word,  men  whose  words  leaped 


THE  GERMAN  UNITED  EVANGELICAL  ST.  .STEPHEN  S  CHU1.;CH. 


GERMAN  M.  E.  CHURCH. 


from  lips  which  had  been  touched  with  live  coals  from  the 
Altar  Sacrificial. 

And  who,  we  ask.  can  say,  we  may  when  we  mention  the 
names  of  such  bright  particular  pulpit  stars  as  Scliaffer,  Corbit 
Cox.  Lore,  Arndt,  Heston,  \'ail.  Baker,  Hanlon.  Wilson, 
Dashiell,  Meredith,  Tiffany,  Sims,  Todd,  Baldwin,  Boyle.  Parson, 
and  Baker  again,  all  of  whom  have  filled  the  pulpit  of  St.  Paul's, 
if  it  was  not  their  burning  words  falling  on  the  ears  of  the  tens 
of  thousands,  who  were  irresistibly  drawn  within  the  influence 
of  their  religious  field,  while  the  dynamo  of  their  power  was 
sending  volt  after  volt  of  gospel  truth,  against  the  citadel  of 
sin,  leading  them  to  fall  down  like  the  jailer  of  old  and  crv 
out,  "  What  shall  I  do  to  be  saved  .'  "  This  had  much  to  do  in 
giving  to  St.  Paul's  the  good  name  and  fair  fame  enjoyed  to-day. 
Speaking  of  these  men  Mrs.  Martin  says:  "Seven  of  tliem  have 
passed  on  at  the  master's  summons,  '  It  is  enough,  come  up 
higher.'  " 

If  memory  serves  us  right,  'twas  under  the  preaching  of  Dr. 
Dashiell,  that  he  who  was  a  tower  of  strength  to  St.  Paul's  for 
the  closing  years  of  his  grand  Christian  life,  General  Theodore 
Runyon,  our  late  Ambassador  to  Germany,  was  brought  to  the 
foot  of  the  cross. 

Mrs.  Martin  says;  "Dashiell,  a  tower  of  strengh,  with  his 
magnetic  presence  attaching  all  to  him,  and  binding  them  with 
goklen  bands  of  friendship  forever."  Also  she  says,  Corbit,  the 
fearless  w-arrior,  who  would  take  the  kingdom  of  Heaven  by 
storm.  Continuing,  Tiffany  the  elegant.  "  as  pleasant  songs  at 
morning  sung,  the  words  dropped  from  his  tongue,  strengthened 
our  hearts."  Space  will  not  permit  more,  but  with  such  an 
array  of  clergy,  brilliant  to  "  cast  the  net,"  it  is  little  wonder 
that  a  multitude  of  fishes  should  be  enclosed.  Among  those 
who  have  acted  well  their  part,  and  have  contributed  of  their 
worldly  goods,  mental  love  and  of  their  influence  to  make  the 
church  what  she  is,  we  have  only  room  to  mention  Ambassador 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


51 


Runyon.  who,  with  the  beloved  Dashell,  has 
been  called  up  higher.  It  will  be  remem- 
berefl  that  General  Runyon's  Bible  Class 
had  no  superior  under  his  influence. 

Ex-Judge  J.  Franklin  Fort,  who  for  a 
score  of  years  was  Superintendent  of  the 
Sabbath  School,  Franklin  Murphy.  Esq,  a 
tower  of  strength  in  deeds  of  beneficence. 
Mrs.  A.  F.  R.  Martin,  from  whose  sketch  we 
have  quoted,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Gaddis,  and  many 
others  whom  it  would  be  our  delight  to 
make  record  of  in  "ESSEX  COUNTY,  X.  J.. 
Illustrated."  In  the  membership  of  St. 
Paul's,  there  is  material  abundant  for  a 
grand  army  devoted  to  the  spread  of  truth, 
the  upbuilding  of  Christ's  kingdom  on  earth. 


T' 


REFORMED  DUTCH  CHURCH. 
HE  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  which 
stands  on  Springfield  Avenue,  corner 
of  New  Street,  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
village,  having  been  in  existence  when  the 
village  was  known  as  Clintonville.  On  the 
afternoon  of  June  23,  1839,  the  Clintonville 
Sabbath  School  was  organized  in  the  school 
room  belonging  to  Alvah  .Sherman.  At  the 
time  of  organization  the  scholars  numbered 
about  fifty,  and  the  following  officers  were 
elected:  Patron,  Isaac  Watkin ;  Superintendent,  William  M. 
Summers ;  Librarian  and  Secretary,  Alvah  Sherman.  Public 
worship  was  held  regularly  on  each  succeeding  Sunday  in  the 
same  building,  when  there  was  volunteer  preaching  by  well- 
known   ministers. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Reformed  Church  Classis  of  Bergen, 
N.  J.,  held  Tuesday,  January  14.  1840,  a  petition  for  the  organ- 
ization of  a  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and  signed  by  si.\ty-seven 
of  Irvington's  then   best   known  citizens,  was  presented.     The 


LKNIEN.ARV    .\r.    E.   CHURCH. 


GRACE  EVANGELICAL  ENGLISH-LUTHERAN  CHURCH. 


petition  was  received  with  much  fa\or  by  the  classis,  and  the 
request  was  granted  On  Sunday,  February  2,  1840,  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  was  organized,  with  William  Ashley  and 
Isaac  Watkins  as  elders  and  William  Summers  and  Abraham 
Baldwin  as  deacons.  Services  were  held  in  the  school  room  of 
Alvah  Sherman  and  the  first  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  J. 
Garretson,  of  Belleville.  Rev.  John  A.  Staats,  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  installed  first  pastor  of  the  church,  December  10, 
1S40,  and  he  remained  with  the  church  for  one  year. 

The  first  church  building  was 
-  •  erected  in  1842,  and  was  dedi- 
cated Wednesday,  December 
28,  of  the  same  year,  at  which 
time  the  installation  of  Rev. 
John  L.  Chapman  took  place. 
Rev.  Mr.  Chapman,  who  has 
since  died,  preached  in  the 
church  until  1849,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  followed  by 
Rev.  James  M.  Bruen,  who 
preached  until  1S52,  and  who 
was  succeeded  by  Revs.  James 
Devine  and  A.  McKelvey,  and 
in  1861  the  late  Rev.  Henry 
V'eshlage  was  chosen  and  re- 
mained until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  March,  1894. 

Since  the  death  of  Rev.  Henry 
\'eshlage  a  number  of  able 
ministers  have  preached  to  the 
congregation  on  trial,  but  a 
choice  was  not  made  until  July, 
1S95,  when  a  unanimous  call 
was  extended  to  Rev.  David  H. 
Chrestensen,  of  Milford,  N.  Y. 
Rev.  Mr.  Chrestensen  was  born 
at  Andes,  Delaware  County, N.Y. 


ESSEX  COUXTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Ill  1SS4  he  grailuated  from  the 
Delaware  Literary  Institute,  in  1S89 
from  Hamilton  College  at  Clinton 
N.  Y.,  and  in  1892  from  Auburn  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  He  then  accepted 
as  a  charge  the  pastorate  of  the 
Milford,  N.  V.,  Presbyterian  Church, 
which  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  call 
to  Irvingtun.  Mr,  Chrestensen  is  an 
untiring  mission  worker  and  spent  the 
entire  summer  of  1890  in  North  Dakota 
doing    Suriday   School    mission    work. 

During  the  siuiimer  of  1891  he 
preacheti  at  Amboy,  N.  Y. 

The  church  at  present  is  in  a  very 
united  and  prosperous  condition  and 
with  their  new  pastor  and  a  new  two- 
manual  pipe  organ,  they  expi  ct  to 
build  up  the  church  to  its  standing  n| 
former  \ears.  It  is  proposed  to  make 
the  musical  ser\icesa  special  feature, 
as  there  are  some  \ety  tine  trained 
voices  in  the  choir. 


KEV.   Il'l.lUS 


REV.    CH.-\S      U.islliNGb    1)1)1)1),   L).    I). 


THE    GERMAN    UNITED    EVANGELICAL 
ST.   STEPHENS  CHURCH. 


IN 


THIS  church  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Ferry  Street  and 
Hamburg  Place,  and  was  organized  on  March  17,  1S74. 
Rev.  O.  H,  Kiaft  was  their  first  minister.  Services  were 
held  in  Mr.  Reichert's  carpenter  shop  on  Wan  Buren  Street, 
until  the  church  was  erected  and  iledicated,  on  Dec,  13,  1S74. 
The  cost  of  the  building  was  about  $28,000. 

Rev.  O.  H.  Kraft  left  the  congregation  through  the  summer  of 
1878,  and  followed  a  call  of  St.  Marcus  Congregation,  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  His  successor  is  Rev.  R.  Katerndahl,  who  was  at  that 
time  pastor  in  his  first  congregation  in  Illinois.  Lender  his  lead- 
ing the  congregation  grew  slowly  but  sureh,  and  counts  at 
present  a  membership  of  more  than  four  hundred  families. 
The  trustees  are,  C,  Eggert,  J,  Scheel,  P,  Schiickhaus,  Ph, 
.Met/,,  C,  Hammel,  T.  Schaut/  and  J.  Stiehl.  The  elders  are 
J.  Waltz,  Ph.  Kaufmann,  G.  Fey,  G.  Wetzel.  H.  (ieppert; 
oiganist,  and  Ludwig  Wagner,  se.xton,  filling  their  place  as  long 
as  the  church  has  stood. 


SOUTH    BAPTIST  CHURCH 
TRACING    brielly    the    rise    and   growth    of    the    South 


'^     'ffe^ 


\i 


KEV.  A,    fl.AMMANN. 


1  Church,  it  is  but  just  at  the  outset  to  say,  that  it  originated 
in  no  selfishly  factious  or  partisan  spirit,  but  in  profound  and 
.sacred  convictions  of  dtity,  and  in  an  honest,  earnest  purpose 
to  e.xtend  the  kingdom  of  the  Lend  Jesus,  and  advance  the 
,  views  which  Baptists  hold.  With  the  movement  the  Mother 
Church  was  in  fullest  sympathy  from  its  inception  till  its  success 
was  perfectlv  assured.  Those  who  remained  in  the  old  home 
on  Academy  Street  and  those  who  went  out  to  set  up  house- 
keeping on  Kinney  Street  counseled  over  the  enterprise  together, 
prayed  over  it  together,  gave  of  their  means  for  starting  it 
together,  and  when  the  time  came  for  separating  they  went 
apait,  not  as  contentious  children  who  could  not  abide  under  a 
common  roof,  but  as  loving  members  of  a  single  family,  invok- 
ing on  each  other  the  best  of  blessings.  We  mention  this 
simply  as  an  illustration  of  Christian  large-heartedness,  and  "  to 
the  praise  of  the  glory  of  His  grace." 

On  the  evening  of  February    iS,  1850,  thirty-seven   brethren 

and  sisters,  bearing  a  general  letter  of 

dismission  from  the  First  Church,  met 

in  that  house  of  worship  to  organize 

what  was    then    named    and    is    still 

called,  the  South    Baptist   Church,  of 

Newark.       By    rising     they    formally 

entered     into     fellowship,    and     then 

proceeded   to   elect  officers  and  adopt 

a  covenant  and  articles  of  faith. 
At    a    subsequent    meeting,     eight 

others    were    received    as   constituent 

members,  making  a  total  of  forty-fi\"e; 

and   on    the  first    Tuesday    of    March 

public  recognition  services  were  held, 

IKnry  C.  Fish  offered  the  |)rayer.  E, 

L.     M.-igoon     preached     the    semion_ 

Henry     V.   Jones   gave   the    hand    of 

fellowship,  ,ind   Simeon  J.  Drake  de- 
livered  the  charge.     Of  these  honored 

brethren,  the  ])reacher  of  the  sermon 

only  remains  to  share  in  the  conflicts  ~^    ?i.- 

BEN.   y     .ME1U:UK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


53 


and  conquests  of  the  militant  church.  At  the  time  of  the 
reccit;nition.  Dr.  Hague  had  aheady  been  called  to  the  pastorate 
and  the  sanctuary  on  Kinney  Street  was  well  under  way.  The 
lecture  rooin  of  the  new  house  was  occupied  on  the  14th  nf 
April,  and  on  the  iSth  of  |uly  the  finished  structure,  free  from 
debt,  was  set  apart  to  tlie  worship  of  the  Most  High.  Three 
years  of  abundant  prosperity  were  vouchsafed,  during  which  the 
membership  grew  to  more  than  200,  and  then,  greatly  to  ihe 
regret  of  his  people,  tlie  first  pastor  went  his  way. 

In  March,  1854,  Dr.  O.  S.  Stearns,  now  a  professor  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Newton,  Mass.,  was  called  to  tin- 
vacant  place,  but  before  a  year  had  passed  tlie  brethren  at 
Newton  Center,  coveting  earnestly  the  best  gifts,  were  seeking 
to  allure  the  pastor  to  that  field,  and  presently  their  persuasions 
prevailed  and  the  South  Church  again  was  shepherdless. 

In  the  autumn  of  1S55,  Dr.  James  L.  Hodge  succeeded  to  the 
charge.  Some  gracious  ingatherings  were  enjoyed,  and  the 
general  interests  of  Zion  were  well  maintained.  Two  years, 
however,  brought  the  relation  to  an  end,  and  now  for  eleven 
months  there  was  a  dependence  on  supplies. 

In  October,  1S58.  l)r  E.  M.  Levy,  of  Philadelphia,  began  his 
l.dxirs — labors  which  extended  over  a  period  of  ten  years,  or 
double  the  lime  covered  by  any  other  pastorate.  During  this 
term  the  church  edifice  was  remodelled  and  beautified,  the  organ 
purchased  and  revival  mercies  extensively  enjoyed. 

Dr.  John  IDowling  came  next,  and  remained  for  three  and 
one-half  years.  He  gave  to  the  South  Church  about  the  last 
pastoral  service  of  a  life  which  was  abundant  in  labors,  fruitful 
in  results,  and  is  fragrant  in  memory  still. 

Dr.  George  A.  Peltz  was  Dr.  Dovvliiig's  successor.  He  min- 
istered to  the  fiock  acceptably  till  the  close  of  1S75,  when  he 
resigned,  to  give  himself  more  exclusively  to  Sunday  School 
work. 

In  the  spring  of  1S76.  Dr.  Charles  Y.  Swan  took  the  charge. 
A  strong  S|3irit  overestiiii.ited  and  so  overtaxed  the  frail  body 
that  housetl  it,  and  amid  displays  of  saving  grace  he  was  laid 
aside,  anil  alter  months  of  wasting,  bravely  borne,  he  was  not, 
for  God  took  him. 

In  November,  1880,  Rev  T.  E  Vassar,  D.  D.,  became  pastor, 
remaining  with  the  church  seven  years  and  laboring  with  great 
efficiency.     He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  John  English. 


TRINITY    REFORMED    CHURCH. 


CHRISTI.VN    CHLRCH,    IRVI  NM  nON. 


The  present  pastor  (1897),  Rev.  R.  M.  I.ulher.  I).  D..  assmned 
this  relation  June  1,  i89r.  The  oflicial  list  of  the  church.  May, 
1897.  is  as  follows:  Pastor,  R.  M.  Luther,  D.  I).  Deacons. — 
[( lome  Taylor,  John  C.  Boice,  Thos.  .S.  Stevens,  N.  A.  Merrit, 
Arthur  W.  Palmei,  Jeptha  D.  Runyon.  Trustees.  -  Caleb  H. 
Earl,  Samuel  O.  Daldwin,  S.  O.  Nichols,  Wni.  F.  Utter,  J.  D. 
Runyon,  Walter  Drake.  Clerk  of  the  Church,  Sayres  O. 
Nichols. 

THE   NEW  YORK  AVENUE   REFORMED  CHURCH. 

THE  New  York  Avenue  Chmcli  was  hrst  organized  as  the 
Second  Reformed  Church  in  1847,  and  its  first  house  of 
worship  w.is  built  at  the  corner  of  Ferry  and  McWhorter 
Streets,  the  next  year. 

In  the  year  1888  the  church  removed  to  the  cha])el  already 
completed  on  the  new  site  at  the  corner  of  Pacific  Street  and 
New  York  Avenue. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  new  church  was  laid  October  6, 
iS9[,  and  on  December  5.  1893.  the  present  house  of  worshi]) 
was  dedicated  as  the  New  York  .Vvenue  Reformed  Church. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  pastors  of  this  church  :  Rev. 
Gustavus  Abeel,  D.  D,  1850-1865;  Rev.  Matthew-  B.  Riddle, 
D.  D.,  1865-1869;  Rev.  Cornelius  Bretle,  D.  D..  1870-1873; 
Rev.  F.  V.  Van  Vianken,  1873-18S0;  Rev.  John  A.  Davis,  D.  D., 
18S0-1889;  Rev.  A.  J.  SuUvian.  1890-1891  ;  Rev.  John  S.  Allen, 
1892. 

The  present  pastor  began  his  work  in  October,  1892,  with  a 
new  church  but  a  heavy  debt  of  some  $15,000.  This  debt  was 
raised,  and  the  Christmas  bells  of   1895  rang  in  a  free  church. 

The  church  is  a  model  of  architectural  grace  and  is  finished 
in  pressed  brick,  trimmed  with  brown  stone.  It  has  a  large 
auditorium -with  a  seating  cajiacity  of  over  700.  The  acoustic 
qualities  are  perfect. 

The  founder  of  this  church,  through  whose  efforts  it  was 
established,  was  the  Hon.  William  H.  Kirk,  who  for  nearly  fifty 
years  was  an  officer  and  leader  in  the  w-ork  of  this  church. 

Foremost  among  the  supporters  of  this  church  is  Mr.  Joseph 
S.  Mundy,  to  whose  generous  gifts  the  success  of  the  church  is 
largely  due. 

The  church,  through  the  Richard's  Trust  Fund,  maintains 
an  industrial  school  on  Clover  street. 


54 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE   FIRST  GERMAN    BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

IN  1839.  Kf\".  K.  A.  I'U'iJichmaiiii  l)t-L;aii  to  prtai  li  tu  tlu- 
Germans  of  Newark,  and  made  the  i)eginning  of  what  was 
to  becoine  the  First  German  Baptist  Churcli  Those  who  were 
converted  at  that  time,  liecanie  memlu-rs  of  English  churelies, 
until  the  German  church  was  formally  organized  in  i<S4<;.  ]\ev. 
S.  I'Cuepfer  became  the  tnst  pastor.  He  ser\  ed  the  church  until 
1 85 1,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Kev.  A.  Hueni.  At  that  time 
the  church  had  only  thirty  members.  After  a  successful  pas- 
torate of  four  years  he  resigned,  leaving  the  church  with  .1  mem- 
bership ol  hft\ -eight.  In  1S56.  a  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  C. 
I'xidenliender,  who  served  the  cluu'ch  for  five  years. 

IJntil  i.sru.  till'  work  suffered  greatly  for  want  of  a  house  of 
worship,  the  I  lunch  having  met  in  rented  rooms  often  unfavor- 
ably located.  At  this  time,  the  German  Presbyterians  on 
Mercer  Street  (now  loc.ited  on  .Morton  street)  offered  their  edi- 
hce  for  sale.  This  was  purchased  and  repaired,  and  served  as 
a  house  of  worshi|)  untd  1874  In  1862,  Re\.  |.  C.  Haselhuhn 
accepted  the  call  of  the  church.  He  rem. lined  until  18G9.  and 
the  church  greatly  increased  in  numbers.  During  his  pastorate 
a  mission  was  started  in  the  12th  ward,  which  subsequently 
became  the  Second  Gerni.m  IJ.iptist  Chun  h,  cor.  Niagara  .mil 
Paterson  streets. 

The  next  jxistor  was  Rev.  ]{.  Trunipf).  During  his  pastor.ite 
the  present  church  edifice  was  built  Rev.  G.  Knobloch  served 
the  church  for  fifteen  and  .1  half  \  ears.  The  present  pastor 
(18971  Rev.  F.  Niebuhr,  has  been  with  the  church  since  1892. 
The  church  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  having  a  membershi]) 
of  277.  A  lady  missionary.  Miss  C.  Kraft,  works  in  connection 
with  the  church.  The  board  of  trustees  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing members  :  A.  ISuerm.uin.  President;  J.  Klausmann.  Secre- 
tar\  ;  J.  J.  li.  Mueller.  Treasurer  ;  C  Huber.  G.  Bauer.  I'C. 
Schmidt,  F.  Nuse,  The  church  has  two  Sunday  Schools,  of 
which,  II.  I).  \'ogt  is  .Superintendent;  F.  Sorg,  Vice-Suixrin- 
tendent  ;  H.  ,S;iuerm.inn.  .Seciet.irv.  'Ihere  is  also  ;i  Woman's 
Society.  i\lrs.  J.  Kl.iiism.inn.  President  ;  Mrs.  J.  Nenninger.  .Sec- 
retary ;  Mrs.  C.  Huber,  Treasurer.  A  Voung  Peoples' Society. 
H.  D.  \'ogt.  If  esident ;  E.  Wohlfarth.  Vice-President;  A.  Mar- 
t|uardt,  Secretary;  C.  I'Coos.  Treasurer;  ;ind  a  Society  of  Willing 


I'lRST   GE1-;.MAX    liAl^TIST   CHURCH. 

Workers,  of  which.  Miss  E.  Wohlfarth  is  leader.  Mr.  J.  Zim- 
mermann  is  organist  of  the  church  and  Mr.  D.  Alt.  leader  of 
the  choir. 

TRINITY   REFORMED  CHURCH. 

IN  1830.  .1  Sunday  School  was  organized  l)y  Mr.  Thomas 
Webb,  in  his  foundry  house,  a  building  then  standing"  on 
lower  Ferry  Street.  Soon  after,  the  school  was  removed  to  a 
Union  chapel  erected  at  the  corner  of  Bowery  and  Ferry  Streets. 
A    number    of    the    teachers    were     members    of    the    Second 


TKMPLE  BNAI  JI~.SHt;KAN. 


DUTCH    REFOR.MED    CHURCH, 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


oo 


Reformed  Church  then  under  the  jiastoral  care  of  l)i-. 
G.  Abeel.  The  Union  enterprise  not  proving  a  success. 
the  Second  Reformed  Church  assumed  its  support  and 
I, ire.  In  1859.  a  frame  chapel  was  removed  from 
McWhorter  Street  to  a  lot  on  Ferry  Street,  given  by  Miss 
l-.lizabeth  Richards,  a  teacher  in  the  school,  who  took  a 
L,irat  interest  in  its  success.  At  her  death  a  generous 
hi  quest  of  some  two  acres  of  land  to  the  Second  Re- 
formed Church,  for  chmxh  purposes,  made  permanent 
the  enterprise.  In  Oct..  1S69.  a  ])etition  with  twentv- 
fi\e  names  signed  thereto,  was  presented  to  the  classis 
of  Newark,  asking  for  the  organization  of  the  East 
Newark  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church.  The  Classis  ap- 
pointed as  a  committee  for  that  purpose,  the  Rev.  Drs 
G.  Abeel,  E.  V.  Terhune  and  elder  Aaron  Baker.  On 
October  27,  KS69.  the  organization  was  effected  and  its 
first  consistory  with  two  elders.  Nelson  Jacobus  and  G. 
L.  Van  Emburgh,  and  two  deacons,  Nathanial  Richards 
and  J.  H.  Joroloman  ordained.  On  Dec  1  5,  1869.  the  Re\ . 
I.  P.  Brokaw.  a  graduate  of  the  New  Brunswick  Senii- 
naiy,  was  ordained  and  installed   pastor. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  general  Synod  in  this  citv.  June, 
1870.    tlie    corner-stone     of    the    present     structure    was 
laid.     In    the  the  early  spring  of    1871,  the  church  was 
finished    an.!    dedicated.      The    congregation    has    been 
ministered     to    by    seven     pastors:     Revs,  I.   P.   Brokaw, 
C.  R.  Blauvelt.  C.   H.  F.  Kruger,  Theodore  Shaffer,   I). 
Ch.is.  I'reyer,  R.  P.   Millekin  and  J.  N.  Morris  (1897),  the 
present  incumbent.     Two  of  these  Revs,  C.  H.  F.  Kruger 
and    R.    P.    Millekin.  died    in    its   pastoral    service.     By 
■  onsent  of  the  Classis  the  name  has  been  changed,  and 
the  church  is  now  incorporated  under  the  name  of  Trinitv 
Reformed    Church.     Its   present   membership   is   nearly 
200,    and    its    Sunday    School,    superintended    bv    Mr.    VVm. 
Jacobus,  numbers   over  400.     The  primary  department,  under 
the    direction    of    Mr.    William    Jacobus,    forms   a    promising 
feature  of  the  church   work.      The    societies   are   Ladies'  Aid 
Society.  Young  Peoples',  S.  C.  E.  and  King's  Daughters. 


EMJI.AN'UEL  REFORMED  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.— INTERIOR  VIEW. 


E,MM,\NrEL  REFORMED  EPISCOP.AL  CHURCH. 

EMMANUEL  REFORMED   EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

THE  church  was  organized  under  the  preaching  of  Bishop 
G.  D.  Cunmiings,  of  Pennsylvania,  a  pulpit  orator  of  re- 
markaole  power.  His  first  sermon  was  preached  in  Association 
Hall,  to  a  large  congregation  assembled  from  nearly  all  the 
churches  in  Newark,  but  more 
es|)ecially  from  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  denominations.  The 
congregation  increased  rapidlv, 
many  of  the  Episcopal  brethren 
leavingthe  mother  church,  and  cast- 
ing in  their  lot  with  the  reformed. 
The  writer  of  this  article  well  re- 
members the  occasion,  when  the 
elo(|uent  man  held  forth,  and  him- 
self listened  to  the  foundation 
sermons.  u|)on  which  was  estab- 
lished this  now  large  and  influen- 
tial church.  It  is  a  little  more 
than  twenty  years  ago,  when  Dr. 
Howard  Smith  was  settled  as 
p.istor  over  the  little  tlock.  which 
had  gathered  around  the  standard 
set  u])  by  the  Bishop.  On  Oct.  1  1, 
1876.  the  corner-stone  of  their  first 
church  was  laid  at  76  Halsev  Street, 
and  the  church  was  opened  for 
service  March  4,  1877.  Here  the 
congregation  worshipped  and  grew 
in  membership  and  in  strength, 
imtil  the  little  church  became  too 
small  and  inconvenient.     The  fare- 


56 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Kl-.V.  RH  HARD  KATEKNDAIII.. 


well  was  taken  of  tlit-  old  church 
iin  February  19.  1895.  ami  the 
estate  sold  to  Hahne  iS;  Cn.  On 
|uly  -2.  1S95.  the\  laiil  the 
enrner-slone  (il  their  beautiful 
and  innuuodious  new  churcli 
building  at  the  ciirner  nf  Bmad 
Street  and  Fourth  Avenue.  The 
new  Emnianual  Reformed 
Church  building  cost  about 
S-jo.ooo,  and  stands  a  niontuuent 
lo  tlie  ^eal  and  perseverance  of 
.1  dun  eh  niiMubersliip,  as  devoted 
as  any  in  the  cil\'  of  Newark,  or 
county  of  Fsse.\. 

With  such  determined  Clirist- 
lan  snirils  at  the  helm,  .ind  such 
cjiefnl  business  men  to  manai^e 
its  Ihiancial  affairs,  it  is  little 
x\onderth,it  the  conijregation  is 
])r.ictically  nut  of  debt.  The 
builclini;  cnnuuiltee  consisted  of 
Kev.  John  iJennis.  M.  D,, 
Georsje  C.  Miller,  C.  \V.  D(jui>las, 


REV.   OAVIS  VV.  rUSK 


William  Selby.  K.  C.  Greason.  J,  H,  Wriyley  and  E.  W. 
Hammer.  The  Emmanuel  Reformed  has  had  but  four  rectors. 
Rev.  Dr.  Howard  .Smith,  l-iev  E  B.  England.  Rev.  John  Dennis 
M.  I),  and  the  present  rector  (1S97),  Rev.  Geo.  Savary.  liishop 
W.  R.  Nicholson,  of  the  .Synod  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia, 
formally  a  rector  of  Trinity  Chmch,  preached  the  dedicatory 
sermon.  The  fellowship  meeting  of  the  latter  occasion  was 
most  interesting,  and  was  attended  by  a  lar,ge  nuud)er  of  the 
evangelical  clergymen  of  Essex  County. 

The  new  church  building,  which  appears  .nnong  the  illus- 
trations, was  built  from  the  drawing  furnished  b\  I'hilip  Henry 
and  Waller  G.  E.  Ward,  the  architects  employed.  The  build- 
ing is  of  the  medi;eval  style  (jf  architecture,  and  is  constructed 
of  Indi.ni.i  lime  stone  with  the  base  of  Belleville  brown  stone. 
A  ninety  loot  tower  surmounts  it  upon  wliich  is  to  be  placed 
a  clock  It  h.is  a  seating  capacity  in  th(  main  auditorium  of 
four  hundred,  anil  a  gallery  acconmiod.iting  one  hundred.     The 


KEV.  J.   S.  ALl.EN. 


.Sunday  School  rooms  are  separated  In'  sashes,  which  can  be 
slid  back  thus  doubling  the  seating  cap.icitv.  In  the  basement 
is  a  dining  room  and  kitchen  furnished  with  all  the  modern 
cooking  utensils.  The  heating  is  done  on  the  direct  radiation 
plan.  Fresh  air  from  outside  is  furnished  every  twelve  minutes, 
by  a  large  fan  driven  by  a  dynamo.  Electricity  will  be  used 
to  light  the  church,  as  well  as  to  furnish  power  for  the  great 
organ.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Savary,  a  man  of  eloquence  and  pul])it 
power,  continues  to  occupv  the  sacred  desk  and  is  the  idol 
]),istor  of  a  de\'oted  and  working  congregation. 

SECOND   GERMAN    BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

IN  June,  1S63,  through  the  efforts  of  the  Re\.  J.  C.  H.isselhuhn 
and  several  members  of  the  First  Crerm.in  Church  on 
Mercer  .Street,  the  Second  German  Baptist  Chtirch  was  founded. 
.\  private  dwelling  house  in  the  twelfth  ward  was  rented,  and 
a  Sunday  School  was  started  with  too  children,  16  teachers  and 

officers.       'I'he     good      work     pro- 

,gressed,    and   willi    the  .lid    of    the 

City   Mission     Bo.uil,    a    neat    little 

cha|)el  was  erected  corner  Niagara 

.md  Patterson  Streets,  and  the  sei- 

\  ices    of    Rev.    A.    Tr.inschl    were 

t'liyaged.        After     three    )ears     ol 

f.iithful  labor,  he  was  succeeded  bv 

the    Kev.   J.    C.    Kraft,    who    was 

c.dledto  the  church  in  1867.    Under 

his  pastorate,  and  with  the  .idvice 

of  the  City  Mission  Board,  the  con- 
gregation was  organized  as  an  in- 
dependent   church    on     April     2.S, 

1875,  Rev.  J.C.  Kraft  liecoming  the 

liist   regular  installed    p.istor.     He 

worked  earnestly  for  the  success  of 

Ihe  church,  and  during  the  eleven 

ve.irs  of  his  pastorate  did   much  to 

uplift  those  committed    to  his  care. 

He  was  succeeded  bv  the  Re\ .  John 

Jaeger,  a  student  .u  the  .Semin.iry 

of  |Kochester,     New     'N'ork,     who 

REV.    OAVID  II.  CIIRESTENSEN. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N. 


J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


57 


labored  with  the  church  for  nearly  two  years.  In 
1884,  Rev.  William  Sciiuff  took  charge,  and  labored 
for  about  eleven  months.  He  was  followed  by  the 
Rev.  A.  Brandt,  who  served  the  church  faithfully 
for  the  period  of  seven  years.  In  January,  1893. 
the  church  extended  a  call  to  Rev.  C.  Schenk, 
the  present  pastor,  under  whose  able  management 
the  new  and  elegant  brick  church  edifice,  which 
appears  among  the  illustrations,  was  erected  and 
dedicated  December.  1895.  Rev.  C.  Schenk  is  un- 
tiring in  his  efforts  to  promote  the  welfare  of  liis 
people.  There  is  a  Young  Peoples'  Society  con- 
nected with  the  church,  and  a  Sunday  School,  o\er 
which  Mr.  William  Pfennig  is  the  Superintendent. 
The  present  trustees  are  August  Buermann,  John 
P.  Gerber,  Philip  Renter,  William  Pfennig  and  Jnhu 
Gerner. 

GRACE    ENGLISH    LUTHERAN    CHURCH 

THIS  Church,  as  its  name  indicates,  was  organ- 
ized chiefly  for  the  children  of  German 
Lutherans,  though  its  work  is  not  confined  to 
them.  But  its  special  object  is  to  reach  that  large 
nuniljer  of  English-speaking  Germans  and  their 
cliildren,  who  otherwise  must  be  deprived  of  the  Gospel  as 
taught  in  the  Lutheran  faith. 

The  church  was  organized  in  iSStJ,  and  for  years  worshipped 
first  in  the  old  Library  Hall,  and  then  at  870  Broad  street. 
Finally  the  congregation  grew  bold  enough  to  attempt  to  secure 
a  property  of  its  own,  and  so  came  into  possession  of  the 
beautiful  and  churchly  structure  on  Mercer  street,  near  High 
street.     The  church  was  dedicated  May  19.  1895. 

Since  the  congregation  has  been  in  its  new  building,  the  work 
has  been  very  successful.  Rev.  M.  S.  Waters  is  the  pastor 
of  the  church.  He  came  to  New.Trk  from  Indiana,  taking 
charge  of  the  work  June  3.  1893. 


ST.    JOHN'S    GERMAN    EV.^NGELICAL    LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 


SECOND    GERMAN    DAPriSf    CHURCH. 

ST.   JOHN'S  FIRST  GERMAN    EVANGELICAL 
LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 

THE  oldest  of  the  German  churches  of  Newark  is  the  above 
named  church.  Already  in  the  year  1827,  attempts  were 
made  by  the  Evang.  Lutheran  Ministerium  of  the  State  of  New 
York  to  organize  a  congregation  in  Newark  ;  but  this  was  not 
accomplished  until  October  10,  1833,  when  Rev.  Dr.  F.  W. 
Geissenhainer,  of  New  York,  organized  St.  John's,  with  thirty- 
one  communicant  members,  in  a  hall  on  Harrison  street,  which 
then  constituted  that  portion  of  Halsey  street  between  Market 
and  William  streets.  The  young  congregation  was  served  by 
the  Revs.  L.  Smith  and  Phil.  Merkle  until  December,  1835. 
About  two  months  later.  Rev.  Prof.  Winkler  became  the  pastor 
of  St.  John's.  During  his  time  the  services  were  held  in  a  hall 
corner  Market  and  Beaver  streets.  Rev.  F.  G.  Maschop  suc- 
ceeded him  as  pastor  in  Newark.  Under  his  pastorate  the  con- 
gregation built  a  new  church  and  parsonage  on  Mechanic 
street,  the  consecration  of  which  took  place  on  November  10, 
1840,  being  the  357th  anniversary  of  Dr.  Martin  Luther's  birth. 

Things  went  on  smoothly  and  prosperously  until  the  year 
1845,  when,  through  the  domineering  ways  of  the  pastor  and 
his  adherents,  disturbances  were  raised  in  the  congregation 
leading  to  a  law-suit,  which  lasted  fully  ten  years,  finally  being 
decided  in  the  year  1855,  in  favor  of  those  members  of  the  con- 
gregation remaining  true  to  the  New  York  Ministerium.  The 
interest  of  the  gradually  diminishing  congregation  was  faith- 
fully looked  after  by  the  Hon.  Frederick  Frelinghuysen,  the  late 
United  States  Secretary  of  State.  In  order  to  defray  the 
e.xpenses  of  the  law-suit,  the  congregation  had  to  sacrifice  its 
whole  property. 

Already,  in  the  year  1S53.  Rev.  Maschop  had  resigned.  His 
successor.  Rev.  L.  Seybold,  endeavored  to  stimulate  the  stricken 
congregation  unto  new  zeal  and  courage,  but  he  had  a  hard 
task  before  him.  After  two  years'  service  he  severed  his  con- 
nection with  his  flock,  which  extended  a  call  to  Rev.  H. 
Raegener.  He  occupied  St.  John's  pulpit  only  five  months, 
when  he  entered  new  obligations  in  New  Y'ork  City.  The  con- 
gregation remained  vacant  only  two  months. 

In  March,  1856,  Rev.  C.  A.  Ebert  was  installed.  Through 
his  efforts  the  congregation  thrived  to   such  an  extent  that  the 


58 


ESSEX  COrXTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


.-*■'  •  iST 


CLEMENT    KkENCM.   I)     II 


JdIiu's  First   (leriiian   Evanj;eli(al  Cliunh    is   very    bright    and 
prnniising." 

IRVINGTON    METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

AKOLIT  1840,  Rev.  Edniund  S.  Janes  (afterward  Bisliopi 
came  over  from  Orange,  where  he  was  then  residing, 
and  began  to  hold  services  according  to  the  usages  of  the 
Methodist  Eijiscopal  Chui-ch,  in  tlie  old  brick  academy  on 
Clinton  avenue,  in  frvington.  The  organization  of  the  church 
occurred  in  1S45.  It  was  associated  with  the  church  at 
Middleville  (now  Hilton,  M.  J.l  and  the  charge  was  known  as 
■•  Irvinglon  and  Middleville  "  until  1S67.  when  Irvington  was 
set  off  by  itself.  In  the  following  year,  however,  the  two 
churches  were  again  united,  and  this  union  continued  until 
1S70.  Since  this  date  Irvington  Methodists  ha\e  not  been  con- 
nected with  any  other  congregation. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  Church  in    1845 


present  church  building  on  Halsey 
street,  opposite  Cedar  street,  could 
be  purchased.  Rev.  Ebert  lesigned 
in  1867  and  Rev.  Phil.  Krug  be- 
came his  successor.  He  labored 
very  faithfully  until  his  resignation, 
which  occurretl  January  i,  1S93. 
after  he  had  celebrated  his  25th 
anniversary  as  pastor  of  St.  John's, 
in  October,  1892. 

On  April  t.  1S93,  the  present 
pastor.  Rev.  G.  Doering,  took  pos- 
session of  the  charge.  After  pur- 
chasing a  new  pipe-organ  in  1S94. 
at  a  cost  of  $2,000,  the  congre- 
gation was  able  to  wipe  out  the 
remaining  church  debt  of  84.000 
on  May  1,1896.  About  350  com- 
municant members  contribute  to- 
ward the  maintenance  of  the  Church, 
assisted  by  four  energetic  societies 
and  a  self-sustaining  Sunday  School 
with  175  scholars  enrolled.  It  may 
well   be  said  :  "  The   future  of  St. 

P.  McCorniick  became  pastor.  He  was  succeeded  in  1846  by 
the  Rev.  Robert  Given,  and  in  1847  Mr.  Given  was  followed  by 
the  Rev.  Martin  Herr.  The  Chmxh  in  Irvington  was  originally 
luiilt  by  the  Episcopalians.  It  was  sold  at  Sheriff's  sale  in  the 
spring  of  1847.  It  was  bought  by  a  Mr.  Day,  the  holder  of 
the  mortgage,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  Bishop  Janes,  the  prop- 
erty was  purchased  from  Mr.  Day  by  the  Rev.  Martin  Herr  for 
$1,000.  The  building  was  repainted,  somewhat  remodeled  and 
subsequently  rededicated  by  Bishop  Janes. 

In  1848,  the  Rev.  George  Hughes,  now  editor  of  the  Guide 
to  Holiness,  became  pastor  and  remained  for  two  years.  He 
was  succeeded  in  1850  by  the  Rev.  David  Graves.  The  follow- 
ing year  the  Rev.  James  M.  Freeman  (now  Dr.  Freeman,  the 
well  known  author  and  etlitor)  preached  in  lr\ington.  The 
Rev.  John  FauU  became  pastor  in  1852  and  was  succeetled  in 
1853  by  the  Rev.  John  White.  The  following  year  the  Rev. 
J.  C.  Blain  was  appointed,  and  was  succeeded  in  1855  by  the 
Rev.  John  H.  Vincent  (now  Bishop),  who  remained  two  years. 


HKV.    LOUIS    SHKEVE    OSBoliNE. 


the   Rev.  John 


% 

, 

■B 

tt\ 

"^ .'-  ^^^P^S 

^^^^^m 

I^L 

^^^r 

^^^Sj) 

^B^ 

!r 

RKV.   G.    DOERING. 


The  Rev.  Matthias  F.  Swaini  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  Vincent  in  1857,  and  the 
\\e.fX  year  John  F.  Hurst  (now  Bishop) 
became  pastor  and  remained  two  years. 
In  1859,  the  Rev.  Henry  A.  Buttz 
(now  President  of  Drew-  Theological 
Seminary)  was  appointed  preacher-in- 
charge.  He  was  succeeded  in  i860 
by  the  Rev.  Edwin  Day.  The  Rev. 
William  M.  Lippincott  came  in  1861, 
leinaining  two  years.  He  was  follow- 
ed in  1 86 5  by  the  Rev.  Charles  R. 
Snyder.  The  next  year  the  Rev.  John 
Scarlett  was  made  pastor,  continuing 
his  labors  until  1866,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  Henry  M.  Simpson 
(now  Chaplain  at  Dr.  Strong's  San- 
itarium, Saratoga  Springs,  N.  V.) 

The  Rev.  Robert  B,  Collins  was 
.ippointed  pastor  in  1867,  remaining 
two  years  when  he  was  succeeded  in 
1869  by  the  Rev.  Jesse  S.  Gilbert,  A. 
M.,    the  author   of   several    works    of 


KEV.    GF.OKOE    SAVAKV. 


ESSEX  CnuXTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


59 


value.  The  Rev.  Hamilton  C.  McBride  (now  a  distinguished 
revivalist)  came  in  1870,  and  during  his  stay  the  present  par- 
sonage was  projected. 

In  1S71,  the  Rev.  William  I.  Gill,  the  author  of  several  phil- 
osophical works,  became  preacher-in-charge.  and  remained  for 
three  years.  During  his  pastorate  the  parsonage  was  com- 
pleted. He  was  succeeded  in  1874  by  the  Rev.  James  O. 
Rogers,  who  remained  until  1877.  His  successor  was  the  Rev. 
William  R.  Kiefer,  who  remained  until  the  spring  of  1879,  when 
the  Rev.  Joseph  W.  Dally  was  placed  in  charge,  his  pastorate 
continuing  until  1882. 

Succeeding  pastorates  have  been  as  follows;  18S2-85,  Rev. 
J.  F.  Andrew;  1885-S8,  Rev.  J.  VV.  Young  (now  Secretary  of 
Committee  on  Apportionments  of  the  Missionary  Society); 
1888-93,  Rev.  S.  K.  Doolittle;  1893-95.  Rev.  Elbert  Clement; 
1895-96,  Rev.  E.  N.  Crasto  ;  1896,  the  present  pastor,  Rev. 
E.  S.  Jamison,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  was  put  in  charge. 

FIFTH    BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

PKO.MPTED  by  a  love  toward  Gud  and  the  extension  of  His 
cause,  some  ten  or  twelve  brethren  of  the  two  Baptist 
churchs  in  our  city,  met  on  Dec.  i,  1851,  and  held  an  initiatory 
meeting  of  a  movement  that  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the 
Newark  Baptist  City  Mission.  This  Society  in  April,  1852,  be- 
gan its  labors  by  organizing  two  missions,  one  of  which  was  in 
that  part  of  the  city  known  as  the  5th  ward  lying  east  of  the  New 
Jersey,  now  the  Penna.  Railroad.  Thus  begins  the  history  of 
the  Fifth  Baptist  Church,  with  Revs.  C.  W.  Waterhouse,  Thos. 
G.  Wright  and  D.  T.  Morrill,  as  missionaries  successivelv. 
This  mission  growing  in  interest  and  numbers,  a  Council  of 
Baptist  churches  was  convened  on  March  26.  1855.  as  a  result 
of  which,  the  mission  was  then  regularly  organized  into  a 
church,  with  55  constituent  members  and  Rev.  D.  T.  Morrill, 
as  pastor 

Notwithstanding  the  disturbed  condition  of  the  times  pre- 
ceding the  Civil  War  this  noble  sacrificing  band,  together  with 
the  help  of  generous  friends  and  the  blessing  of  God,  succeeded 
in  erecting  a  very  commodious  edifice,  and  dedicating  it  on 
April  21,  1858.  The  general  revival  of  1857-8  resulted  in  one 
hundred  and  thirty  joining  the  church  by  baptism.  There  have 
been  other  revivals  since,  nearlv  as  large.     The  total  member- 


FIFTH   B.APTISr  CHURCH. —  INTERIOR  VIEW. 


FIFTH    F.APTIST  CHURCH. 

ship  from  March  26.  1855.  to  May  i,  1896,  has  been  1,305; 
present  membership,  320,  The  church  property  is  in  a  good 
state  of  preservation  having  lieen  e.\tensively  remodeled  in  1S72, 
and  again  in   1896. 

While  this  church  has  not  been  free  from  the  various  vicis- 
situdes incident  to  the  church  militant,  yet  they  rejoice  in  having 
had  no  disruptions  to  mar  its  record  and  weaken  its  power. 
They  have  been  signally  blessed  in  having  as  under-shepherds, 
men  of  marked  intelligence,  purity  and  power,  as  follows  r  Rev:. 
D.  T.  Morrill,  1S55-69;  Rev.  D.  C.  Hughes,  1S69-74;  Rev. 
G.  A.  Simonson,  1S74-82  ;  Rev.  H.  B.  Warring, 
1S83-90;  Rev.  C.E.Lapp,  1890-95;  Rev.  T. 
A.  Hughes,  1895 — .  The  labors  of  these  breth- 
ren have  resulted  in  developing  a  constituency, 
which  has  contributed  to  the  strengthening  of 
all  the  other  Baptist  Churches  in  the  city,  and 
outside,  and  still  continues  to  be  a  strong  centre 
of  influence  and  power. 

CENTENARY   M.   E.   CHURCH. 

THIS  Church  owes  its  name  to  the  fact,  that 
it  was  organized  in  1866.  The  corner- 
stone was  laid  by  Bishop  Janes,  November  28, 
and  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  James  Ayers,  July  14, 
1867.  The  Rev.  A.  M.  Palmer,  then  city  Mis- 
sionary, was  the  first  pastor.  He  was  succeeded 
bv  the  following;  Revs.  John  O'Brian,  Apiil. 
1868-9;  H.  C.  McBride,  1869-70;  R.  B.  Collins, 
1S70-73  ;  E.  E.  Chambers,  1873-75;  Charles  R. 
Barnes,  i875-78;-Chas.  S.  Colt,  1878-80;  Joseph 
H.  Knowles,  1880-;  Stephen  L.  Baldwin,  1880- 
81  ;  Chas-  E.  Little,  r8Si-84;  David  B.  F.  Ran- 
dolph, 1S84-87;  Warren  L.  Hoagland,  1887-92; 
and  Winfield  C.  Snodgrass,  the  present  pastor. 


60 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


TRINITY  CHURCH 

TO  the  thoughtful  and  well-infornietl  citizen  of  Newark,  the 
white  steeple  of  "  Old  Trinity  in  the  Park,"  might  seem  to 
glimmer  in  a  mist  of  interesting  memories.  It  marks  the  spot 
whereon  the  founders  of  the  church  erected  their  first  place  of 
worship,  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago.  It  is  a  reminder 
of  the  trying  times  of  the  l^evokilion  ;  for  the  more  hot-headed 
of  the  local  patriots  visited  a  share  of  the  general  resentment 
of  the  people  against  their  oppressors  on  the  church  and  its 
parishioners  on  account  of  the  latters'  associalicm  with  the 
Church  of  England.  The  hostile  demonstrations  went  so  far 
as  to  necessitate  the  closing  of  the  church  and  the  retirement 
of  its  pastor,  the  Rev.  Isaac  Btovvn,  from  the  towm.  Subse- 
quently the  edifice  was  used  as  a  hospital  for  the  sick  and 
wounded  of  the  continental  army,  during  which  ]5eriod  a  portion 
of  the  church  records  were  displaced  or  lost. 

Previous  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henderson,  the  use  of 
the  church  building  was  graciously  granted  to  the  Catholics  of 
St.  John's  parish,  for  the  holding  of  a  lecture,  which  was  de- 
livered by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Power,  of  New  York,  for  the  benefit  of 
their  church. 

The  record  of  Trinity  Church,  pastors  and  offuers.  is  truly 
Christian,  and  it  will  serve  as  a  beautiful  object  lesson  to  all 
good  citizens  as  long,  no  doubt,  as  the  city  endures.  The 
parish  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  work  of  the  Association  for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel,  the  oldest  Protestant  Missionary 
Society  in  existence,  which  was  at  that  time  under  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Bishop  of  London.  The  religious  services  were  con- 
ducted by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Brook,  of  Elizabethtown,  who  had 
charge  of  all  the  Ejiiscopal  missions  within  a  radius  of  fifty 
miles  of  his  station,  and  w^ho  began  his  labors  in  1704. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Brook  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Vaughan  (1729),  under  whose  ministrations  the  first  church 
building  was  erected  for  the  parish  (1743-44.)  The  Rev.  Isaac 
Brown,  a  graduate  of  Yale  College,  followed  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Vaughan  (17441,  and  his  faithful  ministrations  extended  over  a 
period  of  thirty  years.  He  founded  at  Second  River,  a  mission 
w-hich  is  now  known  as  Christ  Church,  Belleville. 

After  the  troubles  incident  to  the  Revolution  the  parish  was 
reorganized  under  the  rectorship  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ogden,  1778. 
The  following  townsmen  were  elected  officers  :  Uzal  Ogden, 
James    Nutman,    John     Robinson,     David     Rogers,    Benjamin 


IRI.VITV   CHIRCH. —  INTERIOR  \IEW. 


i  KIM  I  V    LUIKCH. 

Johnson  and  Ebenezer  Ward.  The  church  building  was  reno- 
vated and  refitted  for  divine  worship,  and  Dr.  Ogden  fulfilled 
a  successful  ministration  of  twenty  years. 

He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Willard.  by  whose 
efforts  the  present  church  edifice  was  erected  1809-10.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Louis  P.  Bayard  became  rector  in  181 1,  and  during 
his  seven  years  of  care  the  membership  of  the  parish  showed  a 
marked  increase.  In  1830,  the  Rev.  Matthew  H.  Henderson, 
A.  M.,  succeeded  to  the  rectorship,  and  worked  faithfullv  for 
more  than  twenty-five  years  in  advancing  the  interests  of  the 
parish. 

Then  followed  :  the  Rev.  Dr.  Edmund  Neville, 

Jm  1857;  the  Rev.  Dr.   John   C.   Eccleston,  1862; 

I  the    Rev.  Dr.  Watson    Meier-Smith,  1866;  the 

I  Rev.  Dr.  W.  R.  Nicholson,  1872;  the  Rev.  Dr. 

K  William    Willberforce    Newton,  1875;    and    the 

„„ Wl  Rev.   J.   Houston    Eccleston,    1877.     The    Rev. 

J.  Sanders  Reed  was  appointed  rector  in  1885. 
and  during  his  five  years  of  incumbency  he  did 
much  towards  establishing  the  Girls'  Friendly 
Society,  the  first  organization  of  its  character  in 
the  State,  and  other  parochial  agencies,  which 
are  effeclive  for  promoting  the  interests  of  the 
parish. 

In  1890,  the  Rev.  Louis  Shreve  Osborne,  the 
present  incumbent,  began  his  labors  in  "  Old 
Trinity."  Since  his  advent  the  church  edifice 
manifests  great  improvement,  internal  and  ex- 
ternal. He  is  a  man  endowed  with  a  genial  and 
kindly  nature,  and  the  grace  of  human  sym- 
pathy, qualities  that  never  fail  to  impress 
strangers  as  well  as  his  own  people. 

Many  of  Newark's  honored  citizens  have  wor- 
shipped at  the  shrine  of  "  Old  Trinity." 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


61 


ST     JOHN'S    R,    C.    CHURCH. 

IN  1S24.  the  Rev.  Gregory  D.  Pardow,  of  New 
York,  organized  under  the  patronage  of  St. 
John,  the  association  of  Catholics  who  founded- 
St.  John's  Church.  It  was  designated  St.  John's 
Roman  Cathohc  Society  of  Newark,  N.  J.  The 
first  trustees  were  Patrick  Murphy,  John  Sherlock, 
John  Kelly,  Christopher  Rourke,  Morris  Fitzgerald, 
John  Gillespie  and  Patrick  Mape.  The  founder 
of  the  Church  labored  faithfully  with  the  parish 
for  eight  )ears,  and  through  his  energy,  tact  and 
zeal,  insured  its  success.  He  was  followed  by  the 
Rev.  Matthew  Herard,  October  7,  1832,  and  the 
Rev.  B.  RafTerty,  October  13,  1833. 

On  November  3.  1S33,  the  Rev.  Patrick  Moran 
was  appointed  pastor.  He  was  eminently  fitted  for 
the  place.  He  possessed  good  judgment,  a  refined 
and  correct  taste,  and  an  educated  mind.  Under 
his  able  management,  the  affairs  of  St.  John's  ad- 
vanced rapidly,  and  his  sterling  qualities  won  for 
the  congregation  the  confidence  of  their  non- 
Catholic  neighbors.  Father  Moran  soon  had  a 
library  of  S50  volumes  in  circulation.  He  organized 
church  societies,  literary,  temperance  and  benev- 
olent associations.  He  erected  a  school-house  and 
arranged  for  the  free  instruction  evenings  of  such 
as  could  not  attend  the  day  school.  But  his  chief 
source  of  pleasure  and  pride  was  in  his  Sunda\ 
School,  which  he  raised  to  a  high  degree  of  e.xcell- 
ence.  Connected  with  it  was  a  teachers'  associ- 
ation, which  was  a  model  of  its  kind. 

The  late  Most  Rev.  James  Roosevelt  Bayley,  I). 
D..  Archbishop  of  Baltimore,  who  was  appointed 
i  first  bishop  of  Newark,  selected  Rev.  Patrick  Moran 
of  St.  John's,  to  be  his  vicar-general.  After  his 
death,  w'hich  occurred  July  25,  1S66,  the  following 
was  successively  rectors  of  St.  John's  Church ; 
Rev.  James  Moran,  nephew  of  the  deceased  rector,  November, 
1866;  Rev.  Louis  Schneider,  November,  1S67:  Rev.  Thomas 
M.  Killten,  who  built  the  new  rectory  adjoining  the  church, 
November,  1868,  and  did  much  for  St.  John's;  Rev.  Patrick 
Lennaid  w.is   rerior  in  Decpniber.  1 87S.     Rev.   Louis  Gambns- 


sT.  jkhn's  k.  c.  church. 

ville,  who  personally  and  with  great  care  and  labor  re-wrote 
the  church's  record  of  births  and  marriages  from  the  founda- 
tion to  his  time,  and  who  was  the  second   incumbent  to  die 


(January,    18921  ;    Thomas 

laniinrv.  1S02.  to  Februarv 


INTERIOR    \IEW    OF    bf.    .'iLOVSlLS    CHURCH. 


E.  Wallace,  administrator,  from 
27.  1892.  and  February  1S92,  Rev. 
j.  P,  Poels,  the  incumbent.  The 
assistant  rectors  were  Rev. 
Fathers  Guth.  1837;  Farrell. 
1838:  Bacon,  183S;  Donahue 
1845;  Hanahan,  1846;  Callan. 
1S48:  Senez.  [849;  Conroy,  1S52: 
McGuire,  1853  ;  Tubberty,  1854; 
Casted,  1858;  McCloskey,  1S60; 
livrne,  1861:  Moran.  1863; 
Wiseman,  1867;  Rolando,  1867: 
Nardiello,  1876;  Whelan,  1878; 
Corrigan,  1879;  White,  1882; 
McGahan,  1892;  Fanning,  1S93, 
and  Dooley,  at  present,  l^ev. 
Father  Poels,  who  is  now  rector 
of  St.  John's,  is  a  man  of  great 
executive  ability,  and  most  zeal- 
ous ;  and  people  who  love  the 
first  Catholic  church  in  Newark 
and  cherish  its  memories,  may 
rejoice  that  the  parish  has  come 
under  his  care,  for  it  already 
shows  many  signs  of  improve- 


62 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


meiit  and  of  renewL-d  life.  His  administration  has  been  sij;nal- 
ized  by  a  marked  advancement  of  church  affairs  and  an  entire 
renovation   of  the  churcli  property. 

The  history  of  St.  John's  is  in  very  fact  the  history  of  Catho- 
licity in  New  jersey.  The  "  mother  of  all  the  churches  "  of  the 
diocese;  from  her  sanctuary  have  gone  forth  several  zealous 
and  exemplary  missionaries  to  prop.agate  the  faith,  and  among 
these  may  be  mentioned  Most  Rev.  Michael  Augustine  Cor- 
rigan.  ]).  IJ.,  Archbishop  of  New  York;  the  late  Very  Kev. 
James  II  Corrigan.  for  several  years  vice-president  of  Seton 
Hall  College;  Rev.  George  W.  Corrigan.  of  Faterson,  and  the 
Rev.  Martin  O'Connor,  of  I'eoria,  111. 

CHURCH   OF   OUR   LADY  OF   MX    CARMEL, 

THI.S  Church,  formerly  the  Second  Reformed,  was  purchased 
for  the  use  of  the  Italian  Catholics  of  the  city,  by  the 
advice  .ind  with  the  aid  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Wigger,  and  the 
learned  and  energetic  Father  Conrad  M.  Schotthoefer,  D.  I.)., 
became  its  first  rector.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  p'ather  Ali. 
a  convert  from  Mohammedanism,  who  was  a  zealous  and  faith- 
ful priest,  but  he  died  within  a  year  of  his  appointment  to  the 
care  of  the  parish. 

The  present  incumbent,  the  Rev.  F.ither  Ernest  D'Aiiuila.  is  a 
graduate  of  the  Seminary  of  Termoli  lioiano  St.  Catherine, 
Alexandria,  ligypt.  He  also  studied  at  the  Seminary  of  Saint 
Joseph,  Smyrne,  Asia  Minor.  Besides  being  learned  in  his 
sacred  profession,  es|)ecially  as  to  canon  law,  he  is  an  accom- 
plished musician,  having  taken  a  seven  years' course  in  music  at 
N.iples.  Italy.  He  is  especially  proficient  with  the  piano,  llute, 
cornet  and  organ. 

His  sister  is  a  valued  assistant  to  the  reverend  Father  in  his 
labors,  as  she  has  drawn  about  her  a  class  of  sixty-five  of 
the  children  of  the  parish,  whom  she  daily  instructs  in  the 
elements  of  education.  In  this  laudable  work  she  is  fortunate 
in  having  the  assistance  of  Miss  Victoria  Richmond,  a  daughter 
of  Dr.  John  B.  Richmond,  who  gives  her  services  three 
times  a  week  to  the  school  on  instructing  the  chiltlren  in 
English.  Miss  Richmond  is  a  gifted  and  accomplished  linguist 
and  has  acquired  a  wonderful  proficiency  in  the  Italian  language 
in  a  short  space  of   time. 

Under  Father  D'Aquila's  rectorship,  the  Church  of  our  Lady 

of  Mt.  Carmel 
shows  great 
im  provement, 
both  in  the 
character  and 
growth  of  the 
attendance  of 
devout  wor- 
shi])pers  and  in 
the  improve- 
ments and  em- 
liellishments 
which  have 
been  wrought 
in  the  edifice 
itself,  Tlie 
most  indiffer- 
ent observer 
cannot  fail  to 
note  that  the 
worker  is  in 
love  with  his 
W(jik,  and  that 
KEV.  E.  D'AQUiLA.  he  is  animated 


CHURCH    OF   OUR    I.ADY   OF   MT.    C.^RMEL. 

in  all  of  his  undertakings,  with  the  spirit  of  the  Master. 
A  novel  feature  of  the  services  of  the  church  consists  in 
that  they  are  conducted  in  a  modest  way,  after  the  Italian  style 
of  elaboration  and  display.  This  feature  is  attractive  to  the 
parishioners,  as  it  recalls  the  life  in  their  beautiful  fatherland, 
and  revives  an  interest  in  the  religious  observances  of  their 
youth,  which  perh.ips  under  the  asperities  of  existence  in  a  new 
world,  was  beginning  to  wane. 

Father  D'Aquila  began  his  labors  in  America  by  organizing 
the  Italian  parish  of  St.  Anthony  in  Elizabeth,  and  erecting  a 
church  of  the  same  name,  in  addition  to  his  charge  in  this 
city,  he  has  also  erected  the  Church  of  St.  Michael  the  Arch- 
angel, in  Orange,  for  his  countrymen,  which  has  furnished 
another  illustration  of  his  successful  management  of  religious 
affairs. 

The  accompanying  illustration  of  the  church  edifice  shows  it 
to  be  a  pleasing  structure  architecturally,  from  an  exterior  point 
of  view,  and  its  very  central  location  bids  fair  to  make  it  in  the 
course  of  time,  a  very  large  and  prosperous  parish.  The  in- 
terior arrangements  of  the  cliurch  are  excellent,  and  quite  suited 
to  the  needs  of  the  present  congregation.  Until  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Mt.  Carmel,  in  1890,  the 
eastern  section  of  the  city  afforded  no  accommodation  for  the 
many  who  resided  there  of  Italian  birth   and  the  Catholic  faith. 

The  prosperity  and  ever  growing  condition  of  the  parish  is 
good  evidence  of  the  need  of  such  a  church,  and  under  the  able 
management  of  the  present  pastor,  the  future  should  have  much 
in  store. 

The  church  will  have  its  effect  for  good  among  the  Italian 
speaking  people  of  the  entire  city  in  making  them  good  Christ- 
ians, and  thereby  better  citizens.  Father  E.  D'Aquila  has  entered 
into  a  field  of  great  usefulness,  and  he  has  the  well  wishes  of 
the  community  in  the  performance  of  his  good  works. 


ESSEX  COrXTY,  X.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


63 


ST.  JAMES'    CHURCH. 

THISCluircli  which,  with  its  ornate  and  artistic  interior  and  its 
beautiful  and  imposing  exterior,  is  without  doubt  one  of  the 
linest  editices  dedicated  to  divine  worship  in  Newark,  is  a  mon- 
ument to  a  life's  enthusiastic  devotion  to  God's  work,  that  of 
the  late  Father  Gervais,  and  to  the  unassuming  but  effective 
work  of  his  successor,  the  Rev.  Father  Cody. 

St.  James'  parish  was  organized  in  1853.  Through  the  efforts 
of  the  Rev.  Father  Senez,  at  that  time  rector  of  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral,  the  site  was  purchased.  The  Rev.  Father  Allaire 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  new  parish,  and  on  June  iS, 
.1854,  the  corner-stone  of  the  old  brick  church,  which  is 
still  standing,  was  laid  by  the  most  Rev.  James  Roosevelt 
Bayley,  first  bishop  of  Newark.  This  building  was  completed 
under  the  Rev.  James  Callen,  who  succeeded  Father  Allaire, 
and  was  dedicated  the  following  November.  It  was  of  three 
stories,  and  the  upper  one  was  reserved  for  school  purposes. 
Father  Callen,  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Father  Gervais, 
(1861).  leather  Gervais  was  a  man  with  a  character  pro- 
nounced and  original  almost  to  eccentricity.  If  his  mission 
was  to  build  grand  and  costly  structures  for  the  glory  of  God, 
he  certainly  carried  it  out  with  an  energy  and  a  success,  and  in 
an  adverse  condition  that  were  extraordinary.  Up  from  midst 
the  humble  homes  of  hard  working  wage-earners,  rose  imposing 
structures — church,  hospital  and  convent — as  if  from  under  a 
magician's  hand. 

And  the  inspirer  of  these  great  works  was  going  about  in 
worn  out  shoes  from  door  to  door  of  his  flock,  collecting  funds 
for  his  enterpises,  or  w-as  assisting  in  the  manual  labor  of  the 
builders.  In  July,  1863,  the  corner-stone  of  the  present  com- 
modious church  building,  which  is  built  of  dressed  brown  stone 
from  the  old  quarries  on  Eight  Avenue,  this  city,  was  laid,  and 
three  years  later,  June  17,  1866,  in  the  presence  of  the  largest 
concourse  of  people  that  had  ever  assembled  in  that  section  of 
the  city,  it  was  dedicated  to  divine  worship,  most  Rev.  Arch- 
bishop Bayley  officiating  at  both  events. 

The  strain  of  his  responsibilities  proved  too  great  for  Father 
Gervais,  and  July  24,  1872,  he  went  to  his  reward.  The  Rev. 
Father  M.  E.  Kane,  his  assistant,  took  charge  of  the  parish  until 
the  appointment  of  the  regular  pastor,  the  present  incumbent, 
Rev.  Father  Cody,  (January,  1873).  Under  the  latter's  able 
management  the    unfinished    buildings  which    cover  the  entire 

block  bounded  by 
Elm,  Jefferson 
and  Madison 
Streets,  the  hos- 
pital with  its  ap- 
pointments and 
the  church  with 
its  graceful  and 
massive  steeple 
have  been  com- 
pleted. .A  chime 
of  ten  bells  (the 
largest  weighing 
over  three  thou- 
s  a  n  d  ])  o  u  n  d  s) 
which  is  judged 
to  be  the  finest  in 
the  State  has  been 
placed  in  the 
church  tower.  In 
addition  to  this 
noble  instrument 
REV.  J.  M.  GF.KV.MS,  (deceased).  a  still  greater  one 


i  J" 


ap;-.i    I    LA  UTJ- 


ST.    JAMES     R.     C.     CHURCH. 

has  been  built  in  the  church,  in  the  grand  organ,  which  is  also 
the  finest  in  New  Jersey.  The  brown  stone  buildings  which 
cover  the  rest  of  the  block,  now.  constitute  the  rectory,  the  parish 
school  which  has  an  attendance  of  1,200  children  and  is  abso- 
lutely free,  a  convent  for  the  sisters  of  charity,  and  a  hospital, 
which  was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1896.  Since  the  advent  of 
the  Rev.  Father  Cody,  all  the  affairs  of  the  parish  have  pros- 
liered.  Church 
societies  are  num- 
erous and  large,  the 
circulating  library 
of  the  church  con- 
tains over  1,500 
volumes,  and  in 
general  the  relig- 
ious wants  of  the 
parish  are  studi- 
ously looked   after. 

Father  Cody  can  • 
have  for  the  rest  of 
his  life,  the  proud 
satisfaction  that  he 
has  brought  to  a 
glorious  completion 
what  might  have 
been  to  his  people, 
in  less  able  hands, 
an  unrealized 
dream,  rev.  p.  coli\  . 


64 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


l;IGHr    KEV.    MICHAKl.    WIN'ANMI    VVIi;GI-;l 


WU1;N  the  people  of  this 
countrv  liad  won  their  inde- 
pendenre  from  British  tyranny  by 
the  arbitrament  of  tlic  sword,  and 
achieved  the  rii;lit  to  reiiresentation 
among  tlie  nations  of  tlie  earth,  the 
wise  men  who  framed  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  incoi"- 
[lorated  within  the  provisions  of 
tliat  golden  instrument,  the  broad 
and  comprehensive  decl.iration  that 
Congress  should  make  no  law  re- 
garding "  the  establishment  of  re- 
ligion." 

I!\  this  is  was  decreed  that  re- 
ligious freedom  was  ever  to  be  a 
necessary  part  of  that  personal 
liberty  for  which  tlie  early  patriots 
struggled    and    fought. 

Thus  it  was  that  America  became 
known  and  designated  throughout 
the  world  as  "  the  land  of  the  free 


and  the  honie  of  the  bra\r."  This  proud  title  was  somewhat 
obscured  until  about  thirty-three  years  ago.  when  President 
Abraham  I^incoln.  in  the  midst  of  a  fearful  struggle  for  the 
perservation  of  the  Union,  issued  his  famous  proclamation  sun- 
dering the  shackles  from  millions  of  human  slaves,  and  removed 
forever  the  foul  blot  that  obscured  the  country's  glorious  title. 
Since  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  its  scope  has  been  broad- 
ened by  several  amendments,  made  necessary  by  the  require- 
ments of  a  growing  population  and  an  increasing  civilization; 
but  the  fundamental  provisions  guaranteeing  religious  freedom 
has  endured  without  change,  and  will  always  remain  as  long- 
as  this  people  exist  as  a  free  nation.  F.ach  year  sees  an  influx 
of  natives  from  e\ery  country  in  the  wculd,  who  have  somehow 
heard  that  .-Vnierica  is  the  land  of  great  opportunities  ;  that  here 
they  can  live  as  they  choose,  so  they  do  it  honestly,  and  that  they 
can  worship  whom  or  what  they  will,  without  lei  or  hinderance, 
or  can  proclaim  their  disbelief  in  any  religion  and  deny  the  ex- 
istence of  any  deity  whatsoever.  Hence  it  is  that  at  the  present 
time,  in  this  grand  country,  with  perhaps  a  population  of  seventy- 
five  millions  of  human  creatures,  while  Christians  of  various 
denominations  predoiiiinate.  Hebrews  worship  God  in  their 
Synagogues,  the  humble  native  of  the  Celestial  Kingdom  bows 


down  to  his  little  gods  in  the  Joss  house,  and  the  faithful 
Moslem  sends  up  his  prayers  to  Allah  when  and  where  he 
pleases.  Each  has  his  own  peculiar  form  of  worship,  and 
carries  it  out  peacefully,  without  interference  from  the  other. 
The  wonderful  diversity  of  religious  worship  is  nowhere  more 
strikingly  illustrated  than  in  this  great  industrial  city  of  Newark, 
whose  complex  population  of  perhaps  two  hundred  and  tifty 
thousand  souls  includes  people  from  every  land  under  the  sun. 
Here  in  this  great  manufacturing  centre  of  the  new  world,  where 
the  operations  of  trade  and  industry  assume  grand  proportions, 
and  millions  of  money  is  invested  in  vast  business  enterprises, 
the  few  are  engaged  in  a  mad  pursuit  of  greater  wealth,  the 
toiling  masses  follow  the  unchanging  tread-mill  of  labor,  yet  at 
the  end  of  each  six  days  the  clink  of  the  hammer  and  the  buzz 
of  the  saw  is  stilled,  and  the  doors  of  the  factories,  shops  and 
banks  are  closed. 

Then,  with  the  coming  of  the  day  of  rest,  rich  and  [loor  alike 
are  free  to  seek  religious  instruction  as  they  may  choose.  There 
is  no  lack  of  opportunity,  for  there  are  numerous  houses  of 
worship  and  plenty  of  religious  teachers.  In  no  city  in  the 
country 
are    there 


MONSIONOR    GEORGE    H,    liOANE. 


to  be  found  more  devoted  min- 
isters;  men  noted  at  home  and 
abroad  for  their  scholarly  at- 
tainments, broad  philanthroiiy 
and  faithful  devotion  to  their 
labor  in  their  various  fields. 
Each  sect  or  denomination  have 
able  and  distinguished  repre- 
sentatives, whose  life-work 
would  form  a  very  interesting 
subject  for  comment,  but  this 
being  an  illustrated  work,  we 
are  content  in  beautifying  its 
pages  with  the  life-like  photos 
of  a  few  of  the  many  divines  of 
Newark,  whose  names  and  ser- 
vices as  well,  are  identified  with 
the  many  public  and  private 
charities  of  the  city,  and  few 
men  have  done  more  for  mor- 
rality    and    good    citizenship. 


REV.    W.    I.    WISEMAN,    S.    T.    L. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED, 


65 


ST.    BRIDGET'S   CHURCH. 

THE  parish  of  St.  Bri(l;.:;et  was  founded  in 
1887  liy  the  Rev.  Michael  J.  Wliite. 
who  was  assigned  to  the  task  by  the  IJisluip 
of  the  Diocese  of  Newark,  Rt.  Rev.  W'iUiani 
Wigger,  D.  D.  Father  White  was  at  that 
time  an  assistant  priest  in  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral.  He  entered  upon  his  new  field 
of  labor  and  for  the  first  time  offered  up  the 
holy  sacrifice  of  the  mass  in  the  chapel  now 
used  as  a  school-house,  on  Sunday,  April  3, 
1887.  The  corner-stone  of  the  neat  and 
elegant  structure  which  appears  in  the  illus- 
tration was  laid  by  Bishop  Wigger  on  Sun- 
day, October  18,  1S91,  and  through  the 
untiring  and  energetic  efforts  of  Father 
White  the  church  was  completed  and,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Governor  of  this  State,  Hon. 
Leon  Abbott,  the  Mayor  of  the  city,  Hon. 
Joseph  E.  Haynes,  with  other  State  and  city 
officials  and  a  large  congregation,  was 
solemnly  dedicated  to  divine  worship  by  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Wigger,  on  Sunday,  June 
12,  1892. 

Father  White  is  an  accomplished  and  highly  educated  clergy- 
man and  possesses  good  judgment.  He  established  religious 
and  benevolent  societies  in  the  new  parish  and  surprised  some 
of  the  older  stewards  in  the  vineyard  with  his  rapid  success  in  his 
new  field  of  labor.  After  the  death  of  Rev.  Father  Holland,  of 
St.  Columba's  parish.  Bishop  Wigger  transferred  Father  White 
to  the  rectorship  of  St.  Columba's  Church,  in  September,  1896, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  his  administration  in  the  new 
field  assigned  to  his  care  will  be  characterized  with  the  same 
zeal  and  energy  displayed  in  building  up  the  former  parish  of 
St.  Bridget's. 

The  Rev.  Father  Carroll,  who  was  formerly  an  assistant  in 
St.  Mary's  Church,  of  Elizabeth,  has  been  called  by  the  Bishop 
of  the  Diocese  to  continue  the  good  work  commenced  in  the 
new  field,  and  from  all  indications  the  new  rector  of  St.  Bridget's 
will  fulfill  the  expectations  of  his  superior. 

new  charge. 


N' 


Sf.    ALOYSIUS'    R.    C.    CHURCH,    COR.    HinVERV    .\S\>    FREF.MAN    STREETS. 


ST.  ALOYSIUS'  CHURCH. 
OTHING  of  the  venerableness  of  great  age  clings  about 
St.  Aloysius'.  Even  the  young  men  and  women  of  the 
parish  have  seen  the  digging  of  the  church's  foundations,  the 
erection  of  the  superstructure  and  the  establishment  of  the 
various  church  societies.  It  is  as  young  as  they  are.  They 
have  grown  with  it  and  are  closely  identified  with  its  jirogress. 
They  can  recall  the  time  when  the  ground  on  which  the  church 
stands  was  almost  part  of  the  meadows,  and  when  the  only 
building  of  a  character  that  spoke  of  Catholicity  was  old  St. 
Thomas'  school. 

In  July,  1S79.  Rt.  Rev  M.  A.  Corrigan,  then  Bisho|)  of  New- 
ark, appointed  the  Rc\.  Father  Fleming  pastor  of  the  new 
])arish  formed  from  the  north-east  end  of  St.  James'  parish.  By 
actual  count  resulting  from  a  house-to-house  visitation  of  the 
parish.  Father  Fleming  found  that  he  had  1,487  souls  under  his 
Under  his  enter- 


KEV.    M.   A.    MCMANUS. 


prising  guidance  matters  had 
taken  such  a  bright  look  that  in 
October,  1879,  he  purchased 
eleven  city  lots,  and  in  May  of 
1880,  contracts  were  made  for 
the  building  of  the  new  church. 
Work  went  ahead  at  a  surpris- 
ing rate  and  the  corner-stone 
was  laid  with  ;ippropriate  cere- 
monies on  June  20,  1880.  It  is 
a  handsome  edifice  of  Belleville 
brown-stone,  Gothic  in  style  and 
in  dimensions  is  65  feet  wide  and 
137  feet  long.  Father  Fleming 
died  in  January,  1892,  after  eigh- 
teen years  of  continuous  labor, 
admired  as  a  man,  and  beloved 
as  a  Priest.  His  successor  was 
Rev.  M.  A.  Mc  Manus.  He  is 
still  in  charge  and  carrying  to 
successful  issue  the  good  work 
inaugurated  by  the  founder  of 
the  parish. 


REV.    FATHEK    FLEMING,  DECEASED 


66 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


NO  theme  which  the  writer  ut  Essex  Countv,  N.  J., 
iLLUSTkATED,  has  touched— always  excepting  the  chari- 
table institutions  within  her  bounds — has  taken  a  deeper  hold 
than  her  church  history.  When  the  early  settlers  came  on  from 
Connecticut  and  made  their  homes  upon  a  part  of  the  plot 
of  ground  upon  which  now  stands  the  great  industrial  city  of 
the  Western  Hemisphere,  they  brought  their  church  organiza- 
tion along,  and  the  little  town  of  Branford,  from  whence  they 
came,  was  left  without  a  church,  except  in  name,  until  after 
several  years  of  loneliness  the  people  of  the  town  joined 
hands  and  hearts  and  established  a  new  church.  Here  in 
Essex  County,  then,  flourished  and  steadily  grew  the  trans- 
planted church,  and  among  the  stately  oaks  by  the  side  of 
the  Pasaick  the  people  worshipped  according  to  the  dictates  of 
their  own  conscience,  there  being  none  to  molest  or  make  them 
afraid.  \\'e  make  the  quotation  fearlessly  enough,  for  certainly 
had  there  been  any  fear  on  the  part  of  the  fearless  settlers  of 
our  own  beautiful  county  and  now  matchless  city,  their  church 
historians  would  have  doubtless  hastened  to  write  it  down.  As 
the  reader  no  doubt  understands  how  relentlessly  some  of  the 
sister  churches  had  been  molested,  and  how  they  had  been 
made  afraid  ;  but  with  that  we  have  little  to  do  in  the  work  in 
hand. 

That  the  reader  may  have  some  satisfactory  idea  of  how  the 
churches  have  grown  and  prospered,  our  artists  have  taken  no 
little  pains  in  satisfying  the  collater  that  his  true  spiritual  view 
has  been  carried  out  by  the  transference  to  these  pages,  illus- 
trative pictures  of  several  of  our  churches.  The  old  First 
Church,  as  it  is  now  denominated,  is  rightly  named,  when  it  is 
understood  that  it  was  the  first  indeed.  It  will  not  be  under- 
stood tiiough,  we  trust,  that  the  First  Church  building  was 
shipped  over  from  Connecticut,  but  the  congregation  only,  and 
it  was  they  who  constructed  the  first  place  of  worshi])  or 
church  building,  on  the  site  selected  by  that  eminent  divnie. 
Rev.  Dr.  Abraham    Pierson,  Deacon   Ward   and   Judge  Treat. 

Away  back  in  i568  the  first  meeting-house  was  built  and 
made  to  serve  the  purpose,  not  alone  as  a  place  of  divine 
worship,  but  a  place  for  the  transaction  of  all  public  business 
as  well.  The  little  structure,  with  a  frontage  of  about  thirty- 
six  feet  and  with  a  lean-to  in  the  rear,  was  a  mere  mite  of  a 
church  edifice,  compared  with  the  imposing  structures  with 
massive  walls  of  marble  or  Essex  County  brown-stone,  with 
towers  mounting  heavenward,  in  which  their  descendants 
worship  in  our  day,  the  photo  pen  pictures  of  which  adorn  this 


ST.   JOSIil'H'S   CHURCH,    W.^VLLACE    PLACK, 


Sr.    liRIlKjET's    CHURCH,    I'LANE    STREET. 

book.  Fur  comparative  purposes  it  might  as  well  be  stated, 
that  when  in  1669  there  was  a  single  church  in  Essex  County, 
there  is  now  more  than  two  hundred  places  of  worship,  wherein 
people  gather  in  acknowledgment  of  the  fact  that  we  are  all 
children  of  one  great  Heavenlv  Parent,  to  petition  his  omnis- 
cience and  sing  his  praises.  It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  tin 
early  Essex  church  furnished  from  its  divines  the  first  presi- 
dent of  Yale,  Dr.  Pierson,  and  the  first  president  of  our  own 
Princeton,  Dr,  Iiurr,  the  memories  of  both  of  whom  are  revered 
by  those  great  institutions  of  highet  education. 

It  may  be  said  by  some  who  wish  to  detract  from  then 
glories  of'the  past,  that  in  the  early  day,  when  the  churches  of 
Newark,  the  capital  citv  of  Essex  County,  furnished  the  pre- 
siding officers  to  these  now  world-renowned  edu- 
cational institutions,  they  were  in  their  infancy. 
We  answer,  yes,  that  is  true,  but  there  is  an  old 
adage,  beautiful,  and  contains  just  as  much  truth 
when  applied  to  the  early  conduct  and  giow'th  of 
colleges  and  institutions  of  learning,  as  well  as  to 
the  ideal  tree,  "Just  as  the  twig  is  bent  the  tree's 
inclined."  The  truth  should  be  told  at  all  times, 
and  while  we  take  to  it  naturally,  we  cannot  per- 
mit our  recollection  of  the  two  college  incidental 
facts  to  sever  us.  We  are  in  somewhat  the  condi- 
tion of  our  Quaker  friend,  when  he  declared,  with  a 
merry  twinkle  in  his  eye,  when  speaking  of  the  foot- 
ball record  of  these  colleges:  "It  is  my  candid 
opinion  that  both  have  gone  a  trifle  crooked,"  but 
he  thought  he  could  stand  it.     So  can  we. 

While  the  Quaker  may  have  gotten  close  up  to 
trouble,  we  have  the  way  open  to  get  out,  since  col- 
lege athletics  have  been  introduced  into  the  college 
learning  curriculum  since  those  good  old  first 
presidents  handled  the  twig ;  and  if  it  has  grown  a 
trifle  crooked  through  the  influence   of  the  heroic 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  TLLVSTRATED. 


67 


!atter-<l,iy  football  game,  we  can  be  excused  by  falling  liack 
on  the  two  prominent  facts.  When  college  athletics  were 
first  introduced  as  a  leading  classical  sttuh',  "  0]t\  Eli"  had 
not  a  spot  on  his  cheek,  neither  was  he  bald,  and  the  "Tiger" 
hadn't  any  stripes  at  all.  After  all.  Presidents  Pierson  and  Burr 
are  nut  the  only  college  officials  which  have  gone  out  to  other 
fields  from  the  Essex  County  band  of  clergy,  for  few  places 
indeed  have  been  honored  bv  the  presence  of  a  more  eloquent 
and  belter  learned  body  of  pulpit  orators,  than  have  from  year 
to  year  sown  the  good  seed,  and  it  would  be  a  trifie  strange  if 
from  among  these  some  had  been  called,  and  the  same  is  true 
that  not  only  the  few  but  many  have  been  called  away  to  the 
field  of  the  stranger  and  to  pastures  new. 

To  no  pleasanter  task  could  the  pen  of  the  writer  be  called 
than  the  work  of  naming  the  divines  who  have  thus  gone  forth 
from  among  us,  and  of  tracing  their  career  and  describing  the 
battles  they  have  fought  and  the  victories  won.  To  whatever 
held  our  clergymen  have  gone — whether  educational  or  minis- 
terial, whether  in  obeyance  to  the  command  of  the  Master, 
"Go  ye  into  all  the  world  and  preach  the  gospel  to  every 
creature."  as  missionaries  to  the  heathen  who  are  continually 
repeating  "  How  could  we  believe,  having  never  heard,  and  how 
understand  without  a  preacher?" — they  have  fought  the  good 
fight  and  such  victories  won  as  to  not  alone  satisfy  all,  but  to 
delight  the  close,  warm  friends  they  left  behind  them. 

As  it  is  no  part  of  our  duty  to  sing  the  praises  of  one  and  hoist 
him  high  on  the  feathers  of  our  pen,  but  alone  to  do  equal  and 
exact  justice  to  one  and  all,  we  shall,  after  calling  attention  to 
the  results  of  illustrative  work  among  the  churches,  say  a  few 
words  by  way  of  admonition  where  injustice  has  usurped  the 
place  of  justice,  where  and  how  we  think  to  the  best  of  our 
judgment  (not  always  infallible)  there  would  be  a  fine  place  to 
let  fall  again  the  "scourge  of  small  cords,"  sparing  not  any, 
whether  standing  in  the  pulpit  or,  Becket-like,  clinging  to  the 
horns  of  the  altar  or  sitting  in  the  soft-cushioned  pews  away 
up  or  well  toward  the  front. 

We  are  sincere  in  the  belief  that  we  make  no  mistake  in  the 
declaration  that  never  before  since  book-making  began,  has 
there  been  introduced  into  any  one  volume  a  larger  number  of 
correct  photos,  illustrations  of  educational  institutions,  school- 
houses  and  churches  than  can   be  found  between  the  lids  of  the 


CHURCH    .\ND   .SCHOUL   OK   ST.    .MAKV    MAGD-\LEN. 


ST.  beneiuct's  church,  schi/oi,  and  rectorv,  on 

NIAIiARA,    KOMORN    AND    BARBARA   STREETS. 

book  now  being  perused.  As  they  number  so  few,  indeed,  who 
would  question  the  propriety  of  the  combination  the  writer  has 
taken  the  liberty  of  keeping  the  schools  and  churches  intact  ; 
therefore,  no  further  harm,  if  any,  can  accrue  from  its  continu- 
ance. Taken  as  a  whole,  while  the  educators  in  the  public  and 
parochial  school-rooms,  the  pulpits  and  Sabbath  schools  may 
not  be  any  better  prepared  for  the  work  than  their  brethren 
engaged  in  like  callings  in  other  places,  we  feel  fully  justified  in 
challenging  the  world  to  produce  their  superiors. 

When  we  approach  the  pulpit  we  know  that  not  an  injustice 
is  done  to  a  single  indiviflual  anywhere,  when  the  statement  is 
made  and  placed  upon  record  that  for  advances  in  learning,  for 
depth  of  piety  and  for  pulpit  eloquence,  taken  as  a  whole,  the 
clergy  of  Essex  County  are  equal  to  the  best.  Did  they  always 
have  their  way,  the  thunder  of  that  mighty  eloquence  which  is 
kept  at  bay  for  reasons  best  understood  by  the  possessor  there- 
of, would  be  much  oftener  heard,  and  while  the  lions  in  sheep's 
clothing 
would  do  a 
little  less  of 
that  quiet 
roaring  that, 
we  regret  to 
say,  keeps 
so  many 
hungry  souls 
away  from 
the  sanctu- 
ary, for  the 
reason  that 
the  wool  in 
the  soft  coat 
so  many 
wear  is  all 
ex  hau  St  ed 
and  there  is 
not  enough 
left  to  make 
garments  fit 
for  those 
poor  souls 
who  hunger 
and  thirst  sj.  leo's  k.  c.  church,  irvincton. 


68 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


after  righteousness,  to  wear  in  the  august  presence 
of  such  as  judge  the  man  by  the  coat  he  wears. 
Just  here  we  must  let  out  the  secret  why  so  many 
of  our  eloquent  (hvines  all  over  the  comity  are  com- 
pelled (the  word  is  spoken  ad\'isedly)  to  preach 
to  empty  seals  just  because  the  poor  man.  through 
the  inHuence  of  some  cause  or  another — it  may  be 
the  garb  he  wears — and  having,  perhaps,  been 
unwittingly  taught  not  to  "  rub  up  agin  "  the  broad- 
cloth his  rich  neighbor  wears.  There  is  no  l)etter 
place  in  the  world  to  set  forth  the  prescription 
which  will  go  as  far  as  anything  known  to  the 
author  toward  effecting  a  cure  of  the  non-church 
attendance  evil  among  the  people,  and  here  we 
record  it.  vi/.,  educate  the  people  to  the  belief  that 
they,  in  nine  cases  of  every  ten,  are  mistaken,  and 
tiien  let  pew-holders  and  regular  church  attenders 
observe  toward  each  [iian,  woman  or  child  which 
approaches  a  church  door,  such  a  pleasant  de- 
meanor as  to  attract  and  not  repel.  It  is  tlv 
little  tilings,  the  trilles,  which  govern  people's 
actions  in  this  world,  and  especially  is  this  the  case 
where  they  assemble,  presumably  to  love  each  other 
and  to  worship  Almighty  t'lod.  When  they  come 
together,  let  all  observe  the  kindliest  and  mosi 
lesiiectful  .itlilude.  one  toward  tiie  other. 

Let  one.  and  that  one  onl\-.  on  .1  second  or  tlnnl 
[iresentation.  be  the  inhillible  lule  -  ele.uiliness. 
There  is  no  subject  where  there  is  a  grealer 
degree  of  sensitiveness.  It  matters  not  if  the 
garment  worn  is  patch  upon  p.itcli  .uid  worn  lo  ,1 
thread  ;  that  must  be  a  ni.itler  of  luile  thought, 
but  cleanliness  of  person  must  be  wrought.  To 
get  at  this  sensitive  point  must  be  left  to  the  dis- 
cretionary powers,  wisdom  and  acutenessof  those 
having  each  individual  case  in  hand,  or  having  the 
oversight  in  general.  In  oiu' opinion,  the  temporal 
pait  of  such  an  important  work  is  far  less  than  the 
whole,  while  the  spiritual  part,  when  taking  the 
guiflance.  will  direct  right,  as  in  all  things  connected  with  the 
teachings  ])romulgated  by  the  I-'rince  of  Peace  and  saviour  of 
mankind.  If  all  church  affairs,  as  well  as  temporal  affairs, 
were  conducted  .and  nian.iged  on  the  tenets  laid  down  in  the 

golden  rule,  those 
dnisions,  heart  burn- 
ings and  resentments 
so  m  u  c  h  heard  of. 
would  peacefuUv  sleep, 
while  peace  on  earth, 
good  will  toward  men. 
would  continually  in- 
cite both  men  a  n  d 
women  to  tl  o  unto 
others  as  tliev  wotdd 
have  others  do  unto 
them.  As  we  are  not 
of  those  who  spend 
their  time  in  looking 
for  the  millennium,  we 
,ire  not  of  those  who 
believe  that  our  lines 
will  be  followed  as  we 
have  laid  them  out,  but 
each  can  do  a  part. 
IRVlNtJTON   El'i.scol-Al.  Lll .-^ t'KL.  There    are   those,  but 


IN'TEKIOI^    iif    GR.ACE   CHURCH,    COKNEK    URdAD    AND    WALNU'f    STREE'JS. 


mostly  outside  of  the  beautiful  inlluences  of  the  Cliristi.m 
religion,  who  believe  or  profess  to  lielieve,  that  our  Christi.iii 
ministers  can  and  ought  to  do  e\erytliing,  even  to  the  impossiblr 
work  of  making  all  evil  doers  go  and  work  in  the  vineyard  of 
the  I.ord  Now,  while  we  wait  for  the  coming  of  him  who  will 
soon  right  every  wrong  in  and  about  his  beautiful  temples,  as  we 
are  positively  certain  the  great  m.ajority  of  our  ministers  of  tin 
gospel  are  now  doing,  and  to  assist  in  holding  up  their  hands, 
we  will  extend  to  them,  without  regard  to  creed,  denomination 
or   belief,  tiie    best   wishes  of   ESSEX  County,  N.  J..  Illi^s- 

TRAIEIl. 


CHARITABLE    INSTITUTIONS    OF   ESSEX   COUNTY. 

AI.ril<_)U("iH  the  writer  anti  author  should  use  up  the 
farthest  reaching  vocabulary  that  he  could  command 
.ind  make  the  work  replete  with  racy  and  readable  sketches  of 
men  .and  things,  making  use  with  all  his  power  of  the  dragnet 
for  the  procurement  of  material  of  the  highest  interest  with 
which  to  hll  its  space,  the  work  would  not  and  could  not  be 
well  done  without  giving  its  readers  a  glance,  as  they  turn  its 
pages,  of  those  mighty  institutions  for  good  which  stand  with 
wide-open  doors,  in  which  tarry  disciples  of  the  "  man  of 
sorrows  and  who  was  acquainted  with  grief,"  and  who,  in  His 
name,  are  calling,  calling  to  the  sick  and  afflicted,  the  poor 
and  the  needy,  to  come  and  accept  their  offerings  of  healing 
balm   and  the  contents  of  bounty's  hand. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


69 


Even  though  our  artists  are  showing  sani]ilfs  of 
their  work  at  every  turn,  and  speaking  pictures  of 
factories  and  public  school  buildings  should  speak 
of  their  skill  and  grandeur  from  every  page,  yet 
would  the  book  be  and  remain  an  unfinished  pro- 
duction had  not  the  artists  transferred  to  its 
pages  beautiful  and  representative  pictures  of  the 
great  eleeymosynary  institutions  which  dot  the 
surface  of  the  county  and  its  mighty  industrial 
capital  city  over  with  the  grandest  and  best  ever 
planned  for  sweet  charity's  glorious  purposes. 

As  space  permits  and  such  a  tribute  is  due, 
we  cannot  do  better  than  pay  it  in  passing,  since 
to  the  architect's  genius  and  the  photographer's 
and  the  engraver's  skill  we  are  indebted  for  the 
beautiful  representative  pictures  which  add  so 
largely  to  the  attractive  and  instructive  character  of 
the  work.  To  the  noble  men  and  pure-hearted 
Christian  women  who  have  worked  out  tlie  oppor- 
tunities and  by  their  untiring  efforts  in  the  uprear- 
ing  of  these  beautiful  institutions,  a  deep  debt  of 
gratitude  is  due,  and  so  long  as  the  writer  and 
collator  of  this  work  have  the  power,  the  tongue 
of  praise  shall  never  be  stifled  nor  stilled  till  the 
debt  is  cancelled,  so  far  as  it  is  possilile  for  us  to 
meet  such  a  benign  and  beautiful  purpose.  While  the  majority 
of  our  institutions  of  charity  are  young  in  years,  they  have 
a  majesty  of  purpose  which  makes  them  old  when  speak- 
ing comparatively  of  the  work  they  have  done.  In  every- 
thing we  say  or  do  these  ought  to  be  somewhere,  so  as  to 
be  easily  seen  or  so  adroitly  concealed  among  a  purposely 
entangled  verbiage  as  to  require  the  acute  sense  of  a  sleuth 
hound  to  search  it  out. 

As  a  reason  for  the  youthfulness  of  our  charitable  institutions, 
is  our  close  proximity  to  metropolitan  New  York,  whose  gates 
were  ever  wide  open  and  the  doors  to  her  charitable  institutions 
had  no  bolts  but  what  were  ready  to  spring  back  at  our  call. 
And  thus  it  was  that  not  until  the  necessity  became  all  too 
glaring,  so  that  every  one  who  ran  could  read  the  handwriting 


\A 


IRVINGTON    M,    E,   CHURCH. 


?'OREST    HILL    PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH. 

on  every  wall,  that  our  time  had  come.  The  writer  remembers 
well  the  first  "quiet  hospital  talks"  which  took  place  among 
several  gentlemen  who  make  old  Trinity  their  church  home, 
The  venerable  liuilding  in  which  they  worship,  now  occupying 
the  same  ground  where  it  stood  when  the  British  officers  and 
soldiers  led  their  forces  in  and  out,  occupying  the  church  as  a 
stable  — so  generous  were  their  natures  and  such  reverential 
care  did  they  take  of  our  churches — using  the  pews  as  stalls, 
the  rector's  dressing-room  and  the  vestry  parlor  for  the  storage 
of  forage  stolen  frnni  our  farmers,  satldles,  harness  and  war 
paraphernalia,  etc. 

Among  these  were  the  Rt,  Rev,  Bishop  Odenheimer,  the 
rector,  Cortlandt  Parker,  Ur,  William  T,  Mercer,  Judge  Young, 
J,  D.  Orton,  Judge  Gifford,  W,  W.  Huffish,  Daniel  Dodd  and 
others  whose  names  cannot  be  recalled  at  this  time.  In  short, 
from  these  "quiet  talks'"  grew  the  first  hospital  in  New  Jersey, 
the  unexcelled  .St.  Barnabas',  the  story  of  whose  struggles, 
failures,  successes,  hopes  and  triumphs  will  ever  fill  an  exclu- 
sively interesting  page  in  New  Jersey's  historical  books.  As 
before  said.  St.  Barnabas'  was  the  first  working  hospital  estab- 
lished in  New  Jersey  under  legislative  authority.  The  work 
was  begun  in  1865  in  a  sinall  house  on  Wickliffe  Street.  The 
hospital  became  an  incorporated  institution  on  the  thirteenth 
day  of  February,  A.  U.  1S67.  The  incorporators  were,  that 
Bishop  beloved,  the  saintly  William  Henry  Odenheimer, 
and  the  rectors  and  certain  laymen  selected  from  among  the 
several  Episcopal  churches  of  Newark  city.  The  charter  de- 
clared the  purpose  of  the  incorporation  to  be  the  nurture  and 
maintenance  of  sick,  aged  and  infirm  and  indigent  persons, 
and  of  orphans,  half  orphans  and  destitute  children  ;  the  pro- 
viding for  their  temporal  and  spiritual  welfare,  and  the  provid- 
ing or  erecting  a  suitable  building  or  buildings  in  which  to  carry 
on  the  proposed  work. 

Not  long  afterward  a  gentleman  bequeathed  to  the  incorpora- 
tion the  beautiful  lots  where  St.  Stephen's  Church  now  stands, 
at  the  junction  of  Clinton  and  Elizabeth  Avenues.  In  June, 
1870,  the  trustees  purchased  the  finely  located  property,  corner 
of  High  and  Montgomery  Streets.  Here  the  work  has  been 
carried  on  ever  since.  A  beautiful  photo  of  St.  Barnabas' 
graces  page  143. 


fo 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


St.  Michael's  Hospital,  which  is  presented  in  llir 
illustrations  on  page  71,  is  one  of  the  best  ec|uippe(l 
institutions  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  some  of 
the  ablest  and  most  distinguished  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  Essex  County,  have  been  identified 
with  its  medical  and  surgical  staff.  This  institution 
w^hich  is  but  little  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  ceniury 
old.  had  to  its  credit  on  January  1,  1897.  93,086 
patients  treated.  St.  Michael's  is  the  largest 
hospital  in  the  city  and  has  a  central  location  on 
the  corner  of  High  Street  and  Central  Avenue- 
and  has  three  hundred  beds  and.  like  her  sisters,  has 
all  the  necessary  accessories  and  all  the  parapher- 
nalia of  a  first-class  hospital.  Even  though  St- 
Michael's  is  nominally  a  Roman  Catholic  institu- 
tion and  the  bishop  of  the  Newark  Diocese  stands 
at  the  he.id  of  its  protecting  Board  of  Directors, 
the  hospital  is  nian.aged  entirely  by  the  Sisters 
of  the  Poor  nf  St.  Francis,  thirty-two  in  number, 
at  the  head  of  whom  is  Sister  Perpetua  Superior. 
Yet  its  doors  are  open  to  people  of  all  creeds  and 
nationalities.  The  key  to  its  wards  lies  in  the 
affirmative  answer  to  the  question,  are  you  sick  or 
afflicted?  Lest  we  miglit  neglect  such  an  all-im- 
portant duty  of  paying  a  tribute  to  this  noble  order  of  women 
whose  charitable  work  is  gcing  ceaselessly  on  all  over  the 
world,  we  will  repeat  on  this  ]).ige,  and  in  the  language  of  a 
Protestant  Minister,  who  had  been  nursed  by  them  and  said, 
"  The  Sisters  are  an  eminently  holy  and  pious  body  of  women." 

Among  the  hospitals  of  Essex  County  none  stand  higher  on 
the  roll  than  the  German  Hospital,  which  is  presented  in  the 
illustrations  on  page  231,  and  like  the  other  institutions  of 
similar  character,  though  young  in  years  carries  the  honors  of 
an  ancient.  It  was  incorporated  February  15,  1868,  and  is 
maintained  principally  by  the  generous  portion  of  the  German 
American  citizens  of  Newark,  and  has  ever  been  conducted  on 
the  broadest  principles  of  relief  to  the  unfortunate,  without 
regard  to  creed  or  clime. 

St.  James'  Hospital,  shown  on  page  71,  was  to  have  been 
opened  in  the  fall  of  1896,  but  on  account  of  the  directors 
having  been  unable  to  secure  a  corps  of  sisters  to  undertake 
the  management,  it  was  posponed  until  this  is  accomplished. 


ST.    PETERS    R.    C.    ORPHAN    .\SYLUM,    ON    LIVINGSTON    SIREFT. 


The  Home  of  the  Friendless,  on  South  Orange  Avenue,  corner 
of  Bergen  Street,  is  another  of  the  charitable  institutions,  a 
view  of  the  buildings  of  which  our  artist  has  transferred  to 
page  141,  which  is  doing  a  marvellous  work  for  good.  It  being 
of  a  three-fold  character,  its  work  takes  on  a  wider  range  than 
the  generality  of  charitable  institutions.  While  the  little  ones 
are  provided  with  home,  food  and  raiment  by  the  goodly  women 
who  never  tire  in  doing  the  work  of  the  Master,  are  gathering 
the  little  unfortunates  in  the  fold  thev  have  provided  in  the 
beautiful  home. 

Never  behind  in  good  works,  the  city  of  Newark  has  marked 
an  era  in  her  progress  by  the  establishment  of  a  hospital,  where 
the  sick  and  afflicted  may  go  and  seek  rest,  and  take  deep 
draughts  from  the  overflowing  cup  of  healing  balm,  which  will 
be  held  to  their  lips  by  the  devoted  hands  of  trained  nurses, 
directed  by  the  skill  and  understanding  of  the  wise,  pure  and 
self-sacrificing  among  our  best  physicians  and  surgeons. 
•Although  Newark  was  blessed  with  several  good  hospitals,  yet 


REV.    WM.    H.    HAINEK,    IKVINGTON. 


the  best  thinking  and  more  chari- 
tably disposed  among  our  citizens 
(lecided  it  not  unwise  that  another 
hospital  where  the  sick  and  injured 
might  obtain  relief  should  be 
established.  Fortunately  the  county 
asylum  buildings  which  had  been 
erected  on  city  property  were  vacant 
and  apparently  waiting  lor  just 
such  a  blessetl  purpose  and  inno- 
vation. So,  as  the  people's  repre- 
sentatives in  the  Common  Council 
were  ripe  for  the  movement,  the  die 
was  soon  cast  and  the  City  Hospital 
established  (see  page  138.) 

This  beneficent  institution  was 
upened  for  patients  in  1S82,  and 
incorporated  in  1883.  Since  that 
lime  its  doors  have  been  wide  open 
to  the  indigent  sick  of  all  nationali- 
ties. The  hospital  is  managed  by 
the  Board  of  Health,  who  meet  once 
a    month.       From    the    Board    of 


REV.   JOSEPH    LEUCHT. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


71 


-^ 


Directors  a  visiting  committee  of  three  mem- 
bers is  selected  to  lool<  after  tlie  executive 
work  during  tlie  intervals. 

One  of  the  noblest  charitable  institutions 
in  Essex  County,  is  the  Eye  and  Ear  Infirm- 
ary, located  at  No.  60  Stirling  Street.  A 
view  of  the  building  is  shown  in  the  combi- 
nation on  page  72.  The  hospital  was 
founded  in  February,  1880,  for  the  gratuitous 
treat nifnt  of  the  poor. 

The  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children  is 
situated  on  South  Orange  Avenue,  in  close 
pro.ximity  to  the  Home  of  the  Friendless, 
(see  page  141.) 

St.  Mary's  Orphan  Asylum  was  founded 
in  1857,  on  Central  Avenue,  then  Nesbit 
Street,  next  to  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral. by  the 
most  Rev.  Bishop  Bayley.  In  1861  the 
orphan  girls  were  removed  to  the  house 
corner  Washington  and  Bleecker  Streets, 
where  they  remained  until  the  orphanage 
was  complete  at  South  Orange,  in  1865. 
Since  then  several  buildings  have  been  added.  In  1876  a  four 
story  building  was  erected  as  an  industrial  school,  to  which  the 
orphan  girls  are  transferred  when  they  are  old  enough  to  be 
taught  domestic  economy,  shirt  making,  ladies'  undergarments, 
dress  making,  etc.  They  receive  daily,  three  hours  tuition  in 
English  and  become  self-supporting.  Children  are  received 
between  the  age  of  three  and  fourteen.  At  this  age  the  boys  are 
either  sent  to  relatives  or  placed  with  responsible  parties  to 
earn  a  livelihood.  At  present  there  are  one  hundred  and  sixty 
boys,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty-four  girls,  making  a  total  of 
three  hundred  and  fourteen  in  the  house.  While  the  asylum 
is  under  the  protection  of  a  Board  of  Directors,  at  the  head  of 
which  is  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Wigger,  of  this  diocese,  the  institu- 
tion is  managed  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  fifteen  in  numbei. 


Sr.   J.^.Mlib'    HUS1'IT.-\I,.   ON   JEFFERSON    AND    EL.M    STREEl.s. 


Sf.    MICHAELS    HOSPITAL,    ON    HlliH    STREEl'    ANO    CENTRAL    AVENUE. 


who  have  devoted  their  lives  and  talents  to  the  service  of  God's 
helpless  little  ones.     A  photo  is  presented  on  page  142. 

Away  back  in  1848  the  Newark  Orphan  Asylum,  an  organ- 
ization for  the  relief  of  orphan  children  was  effected,  thus 
making  it  the  oldest  orphanage  in  the  county  of  Essex.  A  photo 
of  the  buildings  will  be  found  on  page  72.  It  is  situated  at 
323  High  Street,  corner  Bleecker. 

The  Foster  Home,  a  charitable  institution,  was  organized 
March  28,  1S48,  but  a  few  days  after  the  Newark  home.  It  is 
situated  at  284  Belleville  Avenue,  and  receives  children  up  to 
their  tenth  year. 

The  Kreuger  Pioneer  Home  was  organized  in  1889,  its  object 

being   to  provide   a  home    for  unfortunate  and  indigent    men, 

and  was  founded  by  one  of  Essex   County's  wealthv  citizens. 

Judge  Gottfried  Kreuger,  whose  honored  name 

the   institution    bears.     A  photo    of   the   home 

is  presented  on  page  222. 

On  page  70  may  be  seen  a  photo  of  St. 
Peter's  Orphan  Asylum  and  Kindergarten, 
which  is  located  at  21  Livingston  Street. 

Among  other  Charitable  and  Benevolent 
Societies,  are  the  Newark  Female  Charitab.le 
Society,  at  305  Halsey  Street,  founded  1803. 
(see  page  139);  Boys'  Lodghig  House,  144 
Market  Street ;  St.  \'incent's  Home  for  Working 
Boys,  on  Centre  Street  ;  Home  for  Incurables, 
corner  court  and  Shipman  Streets ;  House  of 
the  Good  Shepherd  and  Home  for  the  Aged, 
under  the  care  of  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor, 
on  Eighth  Street  between  Central  and  Sussex 
.Avenues.  These  eminently  pious  and  holy 
women  commenced  their  charitable  work  in  this 
city  in  1878  and  by  their  zeal  and  unliving 
efforts,  have  succeeded  in  establishing  a  large 
and  comfortable  institution,  where  the  aged  and 
destitute  of  both  sexes  .are  provided  for.  A 
\iew  of  the.  home  is  shown  on  page  72,  and 
though  struggling  with  a  large  debt  ihey  trust 
in  God,  and  rely  upon  a  generous  people  to  aid 
them  in  supplying  the  many  wants  of  such  a 
laige  charity.  Where  true  piety  and  woman's 
virtue  leads  the  van,  no  wheel  of  progress  which 
is  touched  by  them  shall  cease  revolving. 


i  M^ 


f05T6f\    HOnt 


«^.  Ill  II.  HJ  ^  s 


I"  pi  ]q  u  i 


EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS  OF  ESSEX  COUNTY, 


iJplUE  sincerity  of  the  love  and  respect  which  the 
niiihor  of  ESSEX  CouNTV,  New  Jersey,  Ii.i.us- 
I  KA'IED,  bears  to  the  public  schools  and  the 
l>ublic  school  system  thereof,  makes  our  approach 
111  these  subjects  the  more  difi'icult  and  trying, 
since  along  with  our  duty  goes  hand  in  hand  the 
fear  we  entertain  of  doing  even  half-way  justice 
to  these  themes.  The  first  thought,  as  we  lift 
the  pen  to  write,  is  to  ask  the  reader,  as  he  scans  what  we  have 
to  say  for  and  on  behalf  of  the  public  schools,  a  kindly  forbear- 
ance for  any  a|ipreciable  shortcomings  in  our  efforts  to  grapple 
successfully  with  this  grandest  of  subjects,  which  can  find  a 
place  among  the  leaves  of  this  book,  every  page  of  which 
bears  rcord  of  marvellous  growth  and  wonderful  prosperity 
of  the  county  delineated.  When  we  consider  Essex  County, 
geographically  speaking,  is  it  any  wonder,  we  ask,  that  her  schools 
have  few  equals,  and  when  we  make  the  declaration  that  there 
are  no  superiors,  the  fear  that  we  shall  be  charged  with  egotism, 
finds  no  resting-place  in  our  composition. 

Situated  in  one  of  the  loveliest  regions  in  the  world,  with  a 
climate  as  equitable  and  health-giving  as  any  in  the  United 
States,  the  cold  winds  of  the  winter  months  which  come  bowling- 
down  from  the  north  and  west  meet  and  mingle  with  the 
breezes  from  old  ocean  tempered  with  salt,  make  her  winters 
delightful,  and  ere  those  cold  waves  w'hich  have  a  wonderful 
habit  of  careering  over  the  broad  and  beautiful  prairies  of  the  far 
away  Dakotas  and  the  broad  savannas  of  Illinois,  Kansas  and 
Iowa,  prepared  for  the  journey  by  the  frost  king  amid  the  bold 
rockies,  the  snow-capped  mountain  peaks  of  the  Cascade  and 
coast  ranges,  and  which  linger  for  weeks  hesitating  to  cross  the 
Alleghanies,  holding  high  carnival  among  the  coal  mines  and 
oil  wells  of  the  Keystone,  of  the  Arch,  the  hills,  valleys  and 
farm  lands  of  the  Empire  state,  and  dallying  with  those  dehlahs 


FLIZ.\BETH    AVENUE    SCHOUL. 


OLDEST  SCHOOL-HOUSE  IN  NEWARK,  NOW  I  HE  BOV  S 
LODGING    HOUSE. 

of  the  midland  belt,  the  great  lakes,  are  shorn  of  their  locks  of 
hoar  frost,  lose  far  more  than  half  of  their  strength,  and  ere  they 
are  ready  to  swoop  down  u|)on  this  region  with  a  promise  (by 
telegram  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis  or  St.  1-aul)  to  close  down  on 
the  mercurv,  and  give  all  the  east  an  extentled  general  freeze-up, 
its  strength  has  died  out  under  the  genial  influence 
of  the  warm  exhalation  from  the  gulf  stream,  and 
seldom  has  a  reign  of  more  than  three  days  in 
length.  More  oft,  the  fizzle  en  route  has  been  so 
complete,  that  scarce  time  is  remaining  to  close  up 
the  pools  and  l>id  malaria  depart,  ere  they  take  up 
the  home  journe\ ,  gi\  ing  kisses  of  love  when  ready 
to  depart  and  w.iving  back  an  adieu  while  they  go 
ricocheting  back  to  the  safe  retreat  of  the  Teuton 
peaks,  while  the  region  (including  Essex  County)  for 
fifty  miles  in  all  directions  from  New  York's  City 
Hall  Park,  knowing  how  fitful  are  his  promises,  are 
conqielled  to  keep  on  the  alert  for  even  a  freeze-up 
of  enough  rain  drops  to  set  the  sleigh-bells  ringing 
,uid  three  days  in  succession  good  sleighing. 

Then,  with  a  climate  unsurpassed  and  a  territory 
with  double  rock-ribbed  environments,  we  approach 
the  pleasant  duty  of  giving  a  sketch  of  the  public 
schools,  with  no  small  degree  of  personal  pleasure, 
and  with  no  fear  of  overdrawing  the  pictures  of  the 
educational  institutions,  or  overstating  the  benefi- 
cent results  accruing  therefrom  to  the  people. 
Since  the  first  establishment  of  the  free  public 
schools  a  mighty  change  has  been  wrought  in  their 


74 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


character  and  the  educational  rcsuUs  nlitained  therelmm.  The 
recollections  of  the  writer  go  back  to  the  time  when  in  derision 
the  free  pubHc  schools  were  denominated  "  ragged  schools," 
and  it  took  many  years  of  time  and  many  measures  of  dtt'iance 
of  ptiblic  opinion  on  the  part  of  the  institution's  friends,  to  win 
the  fight  1)V  battling  for  the  right 

After  the  first  establishment  of  the  free  or  public  school  plan 
of  education  for  the  masses,  it  required  quite  a  quarter  of  a 
century  to  place  it  on  a  firm  footing  and  solid  basis.  And  e\en 
now  it  is  safe  to  say  that  its  friends  built  better  than  they  knew. 
Prejudice  against  it,  prn\ed  the  hardest  barrier  to  surmount, 
but  when  the  friends  of  public  school  education  had  robbe<l  it 
of  this  terror  the  work   w.is  easier.      When  in   the  begining  the 


tinnal  advantages  under  its  wise  provisions  and  unquestioned 
g(iod  management,  is  the  grandest  and  best  ever  devised.  The 
rich  have  learned  this  one  grand  fact,  that  when  their  children 
.ire  sent  to  public  schools  to  rub  against  their  neighbor's  children 
th.\t  they  become  acquainted  and  are  ready  to  rub  up  against 
the  world,  and  to  stand  the  rebuffs  in  a  far  better  manner  thar 
when  kept  isolated.  Many  of  our  leading  business  men,  lawyers 
|)liysicians  and  divines,  now  glory  in  the  days  they  spent  in  the 
public  schools.  Education  for  all  who  will  receive  it,  is  the 
motto  to-day,  and  few  indeed  are  there  who  are  not  ready  tc 
exclaim,  "Long  mav  the  banner  of  free  schools  wave." 

Outside  of  the  citv  of  Newark  and  Orange,  there  are  aboul 
forty  schools  in  which  all  the  children  can.  if  the  parents  so  wil 


MORTOX    SIRKEt    ScHnOL, 


cry  was  started,  that  its  inventors  had  no  idea  of  permitting  anv 
but  the  ])ooiest  of  the  poor  to  enjoy  its  .idvantages,  it  was  hard 
to  overronir,  .ind  while  the  rich  and  wrll-to-do  s|)urned  to 
accept  its  bendits.  the  niech.inic  and  artisan  .ind  those  earning 
enough  as  the  fruit  of  their  labor  to  gain  subsistence,  preferred 
to  let  their  children  run  the  streets,  rather  than  have  them  l)e- 
conie  the  .i^soci.iles  of  paupers,  as  they  termed  those  who  ac- 
cepted education  from  public  sources  Indeed,  it  was  not  until 
men  of  reason  took  the  rostrum  and  eloquently  pleaded  its  adop- 
tion, and  ministers  of  gospel  fired  their  anathemas  against  the 
foolish  opposers  of  the  system  from  their  pidpits,  that  the 
masses  finally  awoke  to  a  sense  of  right  and  <lut\ .  .ind  to-day 
the  opposed  and  derided  educational  system  of  the  past  meets 
the  approval  of  all  classes  of  men  in  all  positions  of  life,  and  all 
feel  that   the  public  school   system  of  America,  and   the  educa- 


it  secure  an  education.  Not  alone  are  the  element.arv  brani  In 
taught,  but  connected  therewith,  are  high  schools,  where  tin's 
pupils  who  have  passed  the  grammar  departments  can  have  th 
ad\antages  of  an  academic  education,  and  be  fitted  for  colleg 
if  so  desired. 

During  the  years  1 891-2-3  the  writer  of  this  was  Count 
Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  and  is  proud  to  bear  evidenc 
as  to  the  high  character  of  the  schools  and  teachers.  Educate 
men  and  women,  as  pains-taking  and  self-sacrificing  as  an 
body  of  teachers  in  the  land,  and  in  devotion  to  their  callin; 
they  remain  unchallenged.  Elmer  T.  Sherman,  now  a  resider 
of  South  Orange,  is  acceptably  filling  the  office  of  Count 
Superintendent.  The  schools  in  the  city  of  Orange  are  unde 
ihe  care  of  Mr.  U.  B.  Cutts.  and  are  in  a  high  state  of  efficient 
In  the  citv  of  Newark,  where  the  veteran  educator  and  efficier 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /".,  ILLUSTRATED. 


^lofficer,  William  N.  Barringer,  Ph.D.,  has  been  the 

'  Superintendent  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 

tury,  the  piililic  school  interests  are  well  and  care- 

'  fully  adjusted,  and  closely  looked  after,  and  all  their 

■interests  closely  watched.  Her  schools  are  under 
*|the  direct  care  of  a  local  legislative  body,  known 
'*;as  the  school  board,  or  Board  of  Education,  con- 

isisting  of   thirty  gentlemen.     Each   of   the    fifteen 

■wards  of  the  city  has  two  representatives  in  the 
"  I  board,  each  elected  for  a  term  of  two  years. 

I     Although  there  is  a  general  determination  among 
the  people,  and  this  is   transferred    to  their  repre- 
sentatives, to  eschew  politics  entirely,  yet  the   foot- 
,  [prints   of  the   party    in   power   is   seen    when    the 

lofificers  of  the  Board  are  elected.     The   board   as 
constituted   at    present   consists  of   the   following : 
William  A.  Gay,  President;  R.    D.    Argue,    Secre- 
lary;    Samuel    Gaiser,   Ass't    Secretary;  William 
N.  liarringer.  City  Siperiiitendent;  Geo.  W.  Reeve, 
Sitp't  of  Erection  and  Repairs;   ist  Ward,  James 
A.  Backus,  James  N.  Arbuckle;  2d.  Hugh  P.  Roden. 
Charles  W.  Menk;  3d,  Charles  L.  Ill,  George  Saupe; 
4th,  J.  W.  Read,  Miles  F.  Ouinn  ;  5th,  M.  B.  Puder, 
Charles   Clark;    6th,  R.W.Brown,  Edward  Zusi; 
7th,    H.   M.    Woolman,    Charles    M.    Myers;    8th. 
John   K.  Gore,  J.  William  Clark;   9th.  A.  N.  Lewis,  Walter  T- 
Crane  ;   loth,  David  B.  Nathan,  Elmer  E.  Horton  ;   nth,  William 
A.  Ciay,  William  L.  Fish  ;    12th.  J.  J.    Kronenberger,  Thomas 
J.  .Sinnott;   13th.   Henry  Ost,  Henry  P.  Schott;   14th,  Geo.  F. 
Brandenburgh,  Charles    H.  Sansoni  ;    15th.   Walter    H.   Clark, 
Walter  H.  Parsons. 

A  full  roster  of  the  teachers  in  all  the  schools  of  the  fifteen 
wards  can  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  the  Board's  annual  report, 
copies  of  which  can  be  obtained  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Board  or 
any  of  its  nienibers.  There  is  not  a  question  of  a  doubt  but 
that  the  efficiency  of  the  city's  public  schools  is  equal  to  any 
in  the  United  States.  The  school  age  is  fi.xed  by  statue  at  from 
six  to  twenty-one  years  of  age.  although  very  few  enjoy  the 
])rivileges  after  they  have  passed  the  age  of  seventeen.  The 
writer  once  asked  a  young  lad  of  sixteen  why  he  did  not  go  to 
school.  His  reply  was,"  Oh  Em  too  big."  Of  course  he  meant 
in  stature.     As  a  commentary   on   his  answer,  we  should   not 


WH_ 


ittj^' 


CENTRAL  AVENUE  SCHOOL. 


>UMMER  AVENUE  SCHdOL. 

hesitate  to  say,  that  some  plan  should  l)e  adopted  by  which 
young  men  and  girls  under  twenty-one  at  least,  should  not 
think  nor  feel  themselves  too  big  for  education  getting.  In  the 
the  night  schools  we  find  the  glorious  exception.  In  this  grandly 
beneficent  institution  we  often  find  both  men  and  women  striving 
to  learn  to  read  and  write,  some  having'  passed  the  meridian 
of  life.  One  of  the  most  interesting  occasions  of  our  necessary 
school  visitations,  was  met  at  a  night  school  in  Montclair,  where 
we  found  a  class  numbering  (|uite  half  a  hundred  of  men  and 
and  women,  undergoing  instruction,  some  of  them  with  hands 
so  stiffened  with  age  and  hard  labor  that  the  handling  of  pen 
or  pencil  was  an  extremely  dilficult  operation.  Vet  so  strong 
was  the  motive  for  progress,  and  so  bright  was  the  goal  to 
their  vision  of  learning  to  read  and  write,  they  would  laugh  at 
their  own  clumsiness,  and  no  mistake,  however  glaring,  would 
act  as  a  bar,  or  dampen  their  ardor,  or  cause  them  to  flag  for 
a  single  moment  in  their  dogged  perseverance.  Could  some  of  the 
youth  who  persistently  refuse  the  advantages  offered 
to  secure  the  delightful  boon  of  a  good  education, 
have  been  placed  in  the  presence  of  some  old  colored 
man  or  woman  who  had  wrought  in  the  cotton 
fields  or  cooked  the  hog  and  hominy  in  the  sunny 
.South  all  the  years  of  their  early  life,  and  were 
engaged  in  the  arduous  task,  with  clumsy  fingers, 
of  learning  to  write  or  learning  to  read,  with  mental 
faculties  long  since  dulled  by  the  avarice  or  brutish- 
ness  of  others,  we  doubt  not  it  would  act  as  a 
balm  for  his  wounds  and  likewise  cure  his  desire 
for  longer  continued  acts  of  truancy. 

Such  have  been  the  advances  made  in  the  methods 
of  instruction,  that  the  child  takes  learning  as  it 
were  bv  intuition.  The  Kintergarden,  an  exotic, 
to  be  sure  transplanted  from  the  German  father- 
land, deals  with  the  buds  of  our  manhood  and 
womanhood.  Instead  of  the  compulsory  sitting  on 
the  hardest  of  benches  and  the  wearisome  dangling 
of  tired  little  legs  with  the  formal  ABC  ter  die  in- 
struction from  the  stern  master  and  scientific  handler 
of  the  birchen  rod.  and  oaken  rule,  the  little  buds 
are  taught  to  sing  and   play  their  lessons  through, 


76 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


.111(1  then  they  grow  .iml  "row  ami  ihe  tiim;  slips 
merrily  awav  till  as  pii|iils  growing  on.  llicy  take 
their  place  in  the  primary  grade,  for  .ill  the  public 
schools  are  graded;  and  thus  the  pupil  is  moved 
on  and  upward  by  regular  steps,  till  ere  he  or  she 
is  thoroughly  aware  of  the  facts,  the  bud  has 
grown  on  to  be  the  unfolded  leaf  ami  bloom,  .and 
so  easy  seems  the  progress,  the  ripened  fruit 
comes  all  too  soon. 

Manual  training  has  come  to  st.iy,  and  is  as  much 
a  jiart  of  the  education  of  our  youth  when  lliey 
themselves,  or  their  parents  so  elect,  as  any  other 
branch  of  education.  Not  only  are  the  boys  in  the 
enjoyment  of  this  privilege  of  laying  the  foundation 
upon  which  m.ay  easily  be  built  the  finished  mechanic 
and  artisan,  but  the  young  misses  also  privileged 
similarly  in  most  respects,  for  they  may  learn  to 
saw,  plane,  chisel,  mortise  and  carve,  and  can  learn 
to  cook  and  sew.  ISesides  wh.it  our  youth  m.iy 
learn  in  Ihe  puljlic  school,  the  doors  of  the  Technii  al 
School  are  thrown  wide  open  to  them  through  the 
generosity  of  the  Newark  City  lio.ard  of  Trade,  lliis 
now  famous  and  (lopular  institution  being  an  out- 
growth therefrom.  'I'liere  are  many  other  schools, 
academies,  etc.,  conducted  by  priv.ite  ]5arties  in 
the  county,  and  Parochial  Schools  under  the  .'patronage  of  the 
Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic  Churches.  These  are  .ill  in 
a  flourishing  condition,  being  under  the  care  of  capable  and 
painstaking  ladies  and  gentlemen,  who  are  an  honor  to  their 
calling.  That  the  reader  of  ESSEX  CouNiv,  N.  J.,  ll.LUS- 
TR.\TK]i.  may  have  opportunit\'  to  study  the  size  and  construc- 
tion of  our  school  houses,  the  characteristics  and  merits  of 
the  teachers  emploved,  beautiful  engr.uings  of  the  mag- 
nificent structures  devoted  to  school  purposes  will  be  found  in 
its  pages,  with  life-like  photo  likeness  of  manv  of  the  leading 
teachers  and  those  who  have  adopted  Pedagogy  as  their  pro- 
fession, and  have  made  teaching  their  life  work,  many  of  the 
latter  taking  rank  with  the  best  in  the  land.  Besides  the  photos 
of  teachers  and  engravings  of  school  buildings,  a  short  sketch 
of   the    several   schools   will   be    fouml   .iccompanying   each,    to 


FIFTEENTH    .WENUE   SCHOOL, 


.\NN    SrREEf    SCHOOL. 

which  we  trust  they  ma\'  refer  in  the  always  expected  to-morrow, 
or  the  anticipated  day  of  leisure,  as  a  souvenir  of  their  early 
school  days. 

That  there  will  be  a  charm  connected  with  this  part  of  the 
work  we  have  little  tloubt,  since  no  effort  or  expense  has  been 
spared  in  securing  the  material  and  data  necessary  to  make  it 
the  ideal  of  excellence,  and  the  acme  of  truthfulness  in  this  all 
important    ]xirt. 

FIFTEENTH   AVENUE  SCHOOL. 

THE  Fifteenth   Avenue  .School  building  was  the  thought,  and 
largely  the   result  of    Ex-School  Commissioner   John    B. 
Oelkers.     'Ihe  building  is  noticeable  for  its  architectural  attrac- 
tiveness   and  desirable  appointments  for  school  work.     It  is  a 
brick  structure    with  terra  cotta  trimmings, 
spacious,  with  most    approved    heating  and 
ventilating  apparat  us. 

.September  5,  1895,  the  iloors  of  this  build- 
ing were  thrown  open,  ami  to  the  surprise  of 
the  Board  of  Education,  the  rooms  were  filled 
and  the  seating  capacity  found  to  be  insuf- 
hcieiit.  The  large  attendance  demands  addi- 
tional accommodations.  As  the  enterprising 
section  of  our  city  surrounding  the  school 
building  develops,  this  educational  institu- 
tion W'ill  advance  to  the  first  rank  of  the  New- 
,irk  Public  Schools, 

The  Principal,  \V.  Spader  Willis,  is  a  school 
man  of  wide  expii  ience,  belonging  to  a  family 
of  educators,  his  father.  Rev.  Ralph  Willis, 
and   his  bioiher  H.  Brewster  Willis,  having 
tu^w'  had  charge  of  the  |)ublic  school  interests  of 

■W'."  >  Middlesex  County  for  the  past  thirty  years. 

3H^^  The  Principal  was  educated  at  Rutgers  Col- 

||[^.,„^^  lege.      He  has  held  a  number  of  school  posi- 

tions. He  was  Principal  of  ihe  Perth  Aniboy 
High  School  when  called  to  Newark.  The 
Fifteenth  Avenue  School  is  in  a  very  promis- 
ing condition. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


77 


THE   NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

THK  daily  citv  Normal  School  was  organized  in  1879.  For 
many  years  it  had  been  maintained  as  a  Saturday  Normal 
Schcidl,  holding  its  sessions  eveiy  Saturday  morning,  and  was 
attended  by  those  already  appointed  as  teachers  and  striving  b\ 
this  method  to  acquire  some  professional  training,  and  was  a 
most  praiseworthy  effort.  It 
was  felt  bv  some  of  the  frieiids 
of  the  public  schools  that  better 
work  could  be  done  only  as  the 
result  of  more  methodical  and 
longer  training.  It  was,  accord- 
ingly, organized  as  a  daily 
school  in  October,  1S79.  under 
the  principalship  of  Miss  Jane 
v..  Johnson,  with  a  class  of 
thirty  pupils,  all  graduates  of 
the  High  School,  and  three 
teachers. 

The  curriculum  was  limited 
to  mental  anil  moral  science, 
which  were  the  only  text-books 
in  use.  Its  only  library  was  a 
Webster's  Dictionary,  un- 
abridged, and  a  Geographical 
Gazetteer.  Miss  Johnson  sup- 
plemented the  curriculum  by 
lectures  upon  English  history 
and  botany. 

At  the  present  time  there  are 
about  seventy  pupils  and  a  corps 
of  five  teachers.  The  course 
has  been  e.\tended  to  two  years 
— a  junior  and  a  senior  year. 
Pupils  who  seek  admission  must 
be  graduates  from  our  excellent 
High  School,  or  must  pass  an 
equivalent    examination,    as     a 

condition  of  admission.  The  course  of  study  is  strictly  pro- 
fessional. Psychology,  Logic,  Civil  Government,  Political 
Economy  and  Pedagogy  form  a  part  of  the  curriculum.  The 
academic  branches  are  taught  under  the  department  of  method, 
/.  e.,  the  better  way  of  presenting  and  developing  these  subjects 

ill  the  class-room 
to  till'  pupils  (if  the 
schools.  Music, 
drawing  and  nat- 
ural science  receive 
marked  attention 
through  ihe  entire 
course.  Lectures 
on  the  history  of 
e  d  u  c  a  t  i  o  n — the 
theoiies  and  the 
L;i"e,it  teachers  of 
the  world,  are  given 
every  week. 

A  small  but  well 
chosen  library  of 
books  of  reference 
— a  working  library 
— has  been  gradu- 
ally accumulated. 
During  the  junior 
JOSEPH  CLAKK,  PRINCIPAL.  year    the    pupils 


spend  eight  weeks  in  observation  and  iir.ictice  teaching  in  the 
Training  Department,  under  the  supervision  of  well-trained 
teachers.  In  the  senior  year  they  spend  the  same  time  in  the 
class-rooms  of  the  grammar  schools,  observing  and  teaching 
in  the  daily  work  of  the  schools  and  under  the  skilled  care  and 
direction  of  the  principal  and  his  teachers.     The  results  of  this 


THE    NORMAI,    .SCHOOL,    MARKKT    STKI-'.KT. 


practice  work  is  reported  from  each  school  and  recorded.  It  is 
an  important  factor  in  their  graduation. 

The  Normal  School  has  advanced  steadily  since  its  organiza- 
tion, and  has  become  a  most  important  factor  in  our  educa- 
tional system.  Since  April,  1894,  it  has  been  under  the  care  of 
Principal  Joseph  Clark,  who  has  been  identilied  w  ith  our  public 
schools  for  more  than  forty  years. 

Principal  Joseph  Clark  was  born  in  Syracuse.  New  York,  of 
New  England  ancestry.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Fayetteville  .'\cademy,  an  institution  of  considerable  note  in  that 
part  of  the  State.  He  came  to  Newark  in  the  fall  of  1S48.  In 
1S51  he  was  appointed  as  assistant  teacher  in  the  Lafayette 
Street  Public  School.  In  1854  he  was  promoted  to  the  jirin- 
cipalship  of  the  Lock  Street  (now  Wickliffe)  School,  and  in 
1S57  he  was  transferred  to  the  Lafayette  Street   Public  School. 

During  his  long  service  in  the  schools  of  the  city  he  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  interest  of  the  Fifth  Ward,  and  has 
been  a  prominent  factor  in  the  lives  and  character  of  a  large 
number  of  those  who  are  now  our  respected  .and  influential 
citizens.  He  has  been  prominently  connected  with  the  Sixth 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  in  the  Sunday-school  and  Church  has 
always  taken  a  prominent  place. 

Among  the  many  able  and  well-known  citizens  who  have 
l)ecome  identified  with  the  educational  interests  of  this  city, 
those  who  know  Principal  Joseph  Clark  best,  declare  that  a 
more  genial  companion,  a  truer  friend  or  a  larger  hearted  man 
is  not  within  the  circle  of  their  acquaintance. 


78 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


HAMBURG    PL.    SCHOOL 

THl''.  school  l)uililiiig  which 
forms  the  illustration  on 
this  |)ai;e  wns  eiecteil  during 
I  he  years  18S1-2.  It  was  opened 
for  the  reception  of  pupils  April 
10,  1 88:.  although  at  tliat  time 
the  hiiildin;;  was  in  an  unfinished 
condition.  Five  classes  were 
organi/fd  at  once  and  the 
school  placed  under  the  care  of 
Miss  I'.nim.i  F.  B.ildwiii.  as 
Vice-I'rnu  ip.d.  In  <  )ctol)er. 
1882.  the  liuilding  was  com- 
pleted and  the  number  of  classes 
increaseil  to  eight,  the  full 
capacity  of  the  house. 

Fred.  W.  f'oit  became  the 
I'rinrip.d  of  the  school  on  Nov. 
8,  1S82.  At  th.il  time  there 
were  .about  400  pupils  in  attend- 
.•nue.  I'liur  years  later  the 
builduig  was  enlarged  by  the 
addition  of  six  class-rooms.  In 
Sept..  1886.  all  the  rooms  were 
tilled     with   large-sized    classes. 

The  school  has  never  suffered  for  lack  of  pupils.  Year  after 
year,  portions  of  us  teiriiory  have  been  assigned  to  other  school 
districts.  In  iScpthe  school  .authorities  were  obliged  to  take 
measures  to  furnish  more  accommodations  for  the  locality  in 
which  this  school  is  situated.  In  Sept.,  1892,  Ann  Street 
School  was  ready  for  the  .ulmission  of  pupils.  This  new  build- 
ing contained  eight  rooms,  and  in  a  very  few  months  every  se.it 
was  occupied. 

When  the  term  opened  in  Sept..  1845.  Hamburg  Place  School 
was  .ig.iin  crowded.  More  jMipils  than  ever  sought  admission. 
By  Jan.  i,  1896,  four  more  rooms  had  been  made  ready,  and 
when  the  winter  term  began  these  rooms  were  at  once  lilletl 
from  the  overflow  pupils  in  the  fourteen  other  classes. 

The  growth  of  the  section  of  the  city  in  which  Hamburg 
Place  School  is  situated  has  been  ver\  great  during  the  last  ten 
years,  and  this  fact  largely  explains  the  demand  for  increased 
school  facilities.     The  territory  that  fiiinisheil   .diout  400  pupils 

in  1S82.  re(|uired 
accommod.ition  s 
for  about  1600  in 
1895.  and  points 
o  u  t  the  re.ison 
why  Ham  bu  rg 
Place  .School  has 
become  one  of  the 
largest  (iranimar 
schools  in  theciiv, 
'I'he  Principal 
ijf  this  s  c  h  00  I , 
Fivd.  W.  Fori, 
w.is  born  in  New 
I'lovidence,  N,  J. 
lie  is  .1  son  of 
J.icob  P,  Fort, 
a  M  e  t  h  o  d  i  s  t 
pre. 11  her  and  for 
many  years  a  well 

known      member 

1  KiiOEKicK  w.  FoKT.  "f     ''""^     Newark 


HAMI'.URG    PI.ACR   SCHOOL. 

Conference.  His  uncle.  George  V.  Fort,  was  the  Governor  of 
the  Slate  of  New  Jersey  in  1852.  I'Dr  a  number  of  years,  some 
member  of  the  familv  has  been  iMoniinent  in  either  the  social, 
religious  or  political  history  of  the  St.ite. 

(Jwing  to  the  f.ict  that  his  father  never  lived  in  any  locality 
for  more  than  two  or  three  years,  Mr,  Fort  received  his  early 
School  instruction  in  several  of  the  different  towns  and  \illages 
in  the  norlhem  part  of  the  State.  At  the  age  of  fourteen,  he 
entered  Penninghin  Seminary,  and  .after  two  vears  graduated 
from  that  inslitution  prepared  to  enter  college  Mr.  Fort  found 
it  necess.ary  to  take  charge  of  a  country  school  after  graduating 
ficim  the  Seminary,  in  order  to  |)rovide  means  for  continuing 
his  education.  During  a  portion  of  this  time  he  received  "a 
dollar  a  day  and  boarded  .around." 

In  1S71,  Mr  I-'ort  entered  Wesley. m  University,  Middletown, 
Conn.  .After  devoting  two  \ears  to  study  he  was  obliged  to 
lea\e  college  for  a  jear.  th.it  he  might  by  teaching  secure  the 
money  needed  to  meet  the  expenses  for  the  remainder  of  his 
college  life.  Returning  to  college,  he  was  able  to  complete  the 
course  and  gr.idu.ite  with  the  cl.iss  of  1875,  His  scholarship 
was  good  while  a  studriii,  ,iik1  at  gradu.ition  he  received 
"Special  Honor"   in  (  hemistr\. 

Mr  Fort  has  .iIu.in  s  been  a  great  admirer  of  athletic  sports, 
lb-  WIS  .1  member  nf  I  he  rl.iss  "nine,"  the  class  boat  crew,  .and 
in  1875  belonged  tu  die  college  crew  ,iiid  p.irticip.ited  in  the 
great  Reg.itta  on  .S.ii.ilog.i  Lake. 

After  graduating,  Mr.  Fort  decided  to  enter  the  profession  of 
teaching.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  in  charge  of  three  differ- 
ent schools  in  this  state.  Two  years  were  spent  in  .Summit,  six 
ill  Linden,  and  the  balance  of  the  time  in  charge  of  lland)urg 
Pl,i(  e  School  of  Newark. 

While.it  Summit  he  was  largely  instrument. d  in  arousing  the 
|)eoplc-  of  that  beautiful  town  to  the  f.ict  that  a  large  ami  com- 
modious building  was  .ibsolutelv  necessary,  He  acted  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  several  public  meetings,  and  was  much  grati- 
tied  when,  by  an  almost  unanimous  voice,  the  people  decided  to 
erect  the  h.indsome  building  which  is  now  the  priile  of  that 
community.  Mr.  P'ort  has  been  Principal  of  H.imburg  Place 
School  for  nearly  fifteen  years. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


79 


THIRTEENTH  AVE.  SCHOOL 

THE  Thirteenth  Avenue  Puhhc 
School  is  ;uhnittedly  one  of 
the  largest  and  liandsomest  of  the 
more  modern  buildings  of  Newark. 
The  plot  of  ground  upon  which  it 
stands  is  considered  one  of  the 
most  desirable  locations  in  the  city 
for  a  public  school,  and  was  secured 
by  the  Board  of  Kducaliun  in  1S87. 
The  same  year  the  erection  of  a 
building  containing  nine  class- 
rooms was  commenced.  It  was 
intended  to  have  the  house  ready 
for  occupancy  Sept.  i,  1S88.  but 
owing  to  delays  on  the  part  of  the  ~   "^ 

builders  it  was  not  opened  till  Nov.  '._  _- 

19th    of   that   year.     Within    three  — 

years  it  was  found  necessary  to 
enlarge  the  building  in  order  to 
keep  pace  with  the  growth  nf  tlic 

school,   conse(|uently    in     iSyi,   eight    class-rooms   were  added, 
making  seventeen  in  all. 

The  buiUling  is  of  brick  and  contains  the  most  modern  sys- 
tems of  heating  and  ventilation.  Besiile  the  regular  class-rooms, 
wardrobes,  etc.,  there  are  eight  rooms  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  teachers,  a  cozy  and  handsomely  furnished  office  for  the 
use  of  the  princip.il,  and  large  and  commodious  courts  thorougli- 
ly  heated  by  steam  and  capable  of  accomodating  the  entire 
school  at  recess  or  intermission  during  stormy  and  cold  weather. 
From  roof  to  basement  the  building  is  a  model  of  cleanliness 
and  neatness  and  is  a  source  of  much  pt  ide  and  gratificcxiion 
to  its  patrons. 

A  plan  is  already  on  foot  to  acquire  an  adjoining  plot  of  land 
with  the  intention  of  once  more  enlarging  this  great  building,  by 
an  addition  of  from  six  to  nine  more  class-rooms.  Should  this 
be  accomplished.  Thirteenth  Avenue  will  be  one  of  the  largest 
school  buildings  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

Albert  B.  Wilson  is  one  of  the  youngest  scIkk.!  pi  incip.ds  of 
Newark.  He  was  born  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  in  1S61,  and  at- 
tended the  public  schools  of  that  city  from  his  sixth  to  his 
fifteenth  year,  when  he  entered  the  Golden  Hill  Institute,  then 
one  of  the  best  known  private  educational  institutions  in  Con- 
necticut. After  a 
four  year's  course 
here,  he  gradu- 
ated in  iSSo  and 
at  once  entered 
upon  his  work  as 
a  teacher,  which 
le  has  followed 
e\er  since.  In 
iSgo  he  complet- 
ed a  course  in  the 
I  listory  and  Phil  - 
osophy  of  Educa- 
tion, at  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  City 
of  New  York. 

Mr.  Wilson 
came  to  Newaik 
in  1887,  as  Vice- 
Principal  of  the 
Chestnut  Street 
ALEKkT  B.  WILSON.  School.      He    re- 


"^      "'UJIH.  JL>_4—-   _ 


'IHIRTEENTH    AVENUE    SfHOOL. 


ni.iined  here  from  Sept  ,  18S7  to  Nov.,  i588,  when  he  was  asked 
to  organize  and  open  the  new  Thirteenth  Avenue  School,  as 
its  ])rincipal.  This  position  he  has  now  held  for  nine  years  and 
during  that  time  has  seen  the  school  grow  from  250  pupils  with 
six  teachers  to  over  1000  pupils  with  seventeen  teachers. 

Mr.  Wilson  comes  naturally  by  his  love  for  his  profession, 
both  his  father  and  mother  being  at  one  time  teai  hers  in  New 
York  and  his  father  for  over  thirty  years  a  prinrip.il  in  I '.ridge- 
port  schools. 

A  visit  to  Thirteenth  Avenue  and  an  investigation  of  the 
Innlding  and  school  will  well  repay  anyone  interested  in  the 
educational  system  of  our  city. 

Principal  W'ilsoti  is  one  of  Newark's  most  progressive  edu- 
cators. He  cairies  with  him  the  warm  affection  of  his  pupils 
as  well  as  tlie  high  regard  of  the  ]ieople  and  the  co-operation 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  in  advancing  the  educational  interests 
of  those  entrusted  to  his  kind  care. 

He  is  a  very  genial,  pleasant  and  accomplished  gentleman. 
a  natural-born  teacher,  and  the  thorough  discipline  of  the 
school  and  the  rapid  advancement  of  the  pupils  under  his 
charge  give  testimony  of  our  statements  of  him. 

At  the  Thirteenth  Avenue  School  he  has  the  most  hearty 
respect  and  co-operation  of  his  teachers.  The  whole  corps 
are  deeply  interested  in.  and  \ery  proud  of  their  school. 
Thoroughness  is  the  inspiration  anil  the  aim  of  the  svstem, 
.ind  the  watch-word  of  the  Ic.ichers.  It  is  intended  that  the 
pupils  shall  know  perfectly  from  root  to  branch,  the  subjects 
taught,  and  such  is  the  discipline  and  efficiency  of  the  system 
that  even  the  dullard  and  the  laggard  cannot  but  choose  to 
learn.  In  music,  the  Thirteenth  Avenue  School  is  unusually 
proficient. 

Albert  B.  Wilson  is  an  active  reformer  in  the  educational 
field.  He  seeks  for  a  culture  of  all  I  he  faculties  of  body  and 
mind,  a  man  of  great  executive  ability  and  an  able  and  pro- 
gressive educator.  To  him  has  been  imparted  th.it  peculiar 
gift  of  nature  which  is  vouchsafed  to  few;  that  is,  the  f.iculty  of 
inspiring  others  with  the  belief  when  teaching  that  he  not  only 
has  a  perfect  knowlege  of  what  he  teaches  but  knows  just  how- 
to  impart  it  to  others. 

It  is  just  such  a  school  as  the  Thirteenth  Avenue  School  is. 
through  Mr.  Wilson's  efforts,  which  has  given  the  City  of 
Newark  its  advanced  place  as  an  educational  centre. 

The  accompanying  cut  is  a  perfect  and  life-like  photo  of 
Prof.  Albert  B.  Wilson. 


80 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Roiim  was  completed 


BURNET  ST.   SCHOOL, 

WHICH  is  delightfully  lo- 
cated on  Burnet  street, 
between  Orange  and  James 
streets,  was  first  opened  on  Sep- 
tember 6,  1869,  and  with  the  close 
of  the  present  school  year  it 
will  complete  its  28th  year. 
The  buikhng  originally  con- 
tained fourteen  rooms,  but  two 
new  rooms  were  completed  in 
April,  1892.  The  si.xteen  rooms 
are  on  one  floor,  and  in  this  re- 
spect the  building  differs  from 
all  others  in  the  city.  Under 
the  class-rooms  are  four  large 
and  well-lighted  play-courts, 
cloak-room,  boiler-room  and  the 
principal's  oflice.  Adjacent  to 
each  court  is  a  yard,  and  in 
front  of  the  building,  on  Burnet 
street,  is  a  large,  well-kept 
campus,  of  which  the  pupils 
and  teachers  are  justly  proud. 
In  tlie  centre  of  the  yard  is  .1 
flag-pole,  erected  on  Decoration 
Day,  1889,  at  a  cost  of  S90, 
raised  by  entertainment.  A 
commodious,  well-appointed  Teachers 
in  March,  1S96. 

The  school  has  had  only  two  princip.ds — William  A. 
Breckenridge,  who  resigned  in  1886  and  is  now  living  in  I'almer, 
Mass..  and  Wm.  E.  ISissell.  the  ]iresent  principal,  who  will  this 
year  complete  his  eleventh  year  in  the  school.  To  Mr.  Brecken- 
ridge's  untiring  efforts  during  many  years  of  service  the  school 
owes  much  of  its  efficiency  as  one  of  the  links  in  our  iniport.int 
system  of  instruction.  Mr.  Breckenridge  was  identified  with 
the  schools  nf  Newark  long  before  he  was  called  to  the  princi- 
palship  of  the  rjuriiet  Slieet  .School,  and  s|)ent  mure  llum  ihirty 
years  in  the  i  ily. 

Wlun  Mr.  Breckenridge  resigned  in  1886,  there  were  more 
tlian  tifly  applicants  for  the  position.  Among  the  number  was 
Mr.  Bissell.  the  present  princip.d,  who  for  nine  years  had  been 

in  charge  of  the  de- 
partment of  mathe- 
matics in  the  Rut- 
gers College  Pre- 
paratory .School, 
New  Brunswick,  N. 
J.,  succeeding  the 
Lite  Prof.Alexander 
lohnston.of  I'rince- 
lon  College, as  prin- 
'  ipal  of  the  school, 
in  1S79.  Mr.  Bis- 
sell was  graduated 
from  the  New  Jer- 
sey Normal  School 
with  honor  in  1876, 
I  lid  in  1881  he  re- 
leived  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.  B. 
from  Rutgers  Col- 
lege in  recognition 
of  v.iluable  services. 


UURNET   .STREET   SCHOOL. 


Since  Mr.  Bissell  came  to  Newark  he  has  spared  neither  time 
nor  effort  to  place  the  school  under  his  charge  in  the  very  best 
condition  possible.  The  discipline  is  characterized  bv  persistent 
firmness  always  tempered  with  wise  di|ilomacy,  and  suspensions 
occur  only  when  necessary  for  the  good  of  the  majority.  In 
the  lower  hall  off  the  Grammar  boys'  play-court,  hangs  tin- 
only  rule  which  they  are  expected  to  observe — "  Let's  all  bi. 
gentlemen."  The  standard  of  scholarship  is  high  enough  to 
make  the  securing  of  special  honors  a  positive  credit  to  faithful 
pu]iil5.  Principal  ISissell  firmly  believes  that  the  present  system 
of  marking  is  one  of  the  best  ever  devised,  I'f  propcrlv  used. 
He  is  also  heartily  in  favor  of  the  honorary  system,  but  believes 
that  it  will  work  incalculable  harm  if  not  used  with  great  dis- 
cretion. Since  the  honorary  system  went  into  effect  in  1888, 
lUnnet  Street  School  has  sent,  upon  an  average,  one-third  of  its 
sixty-five  or  seventy 
graduates  to  the 
High  School  each 
year  as  "  honorary" 
pupils.  According 
to  reports  received 
from  the  I'rincip.d 
of  the  High  School, 
very  few  of  these 
pupils  fiil  to  sus- 
tain a  ■'  f.iir  "  stand- 
ing, and  a  goodly 
number  continue  to 
do  "bono  r ar y " 
work.  Such  results 
prove  conclusivciv 
tlie  wisdom  of 
maintaining  a  high 
standard.  In  Bur- 
net Street  School, 
the  marks  placed 
upon     the     pupil's 


WM.    E.    BISSELL. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


SI 


monthly  cards  always  represent  accomplishineut — not 
intention.  The  marks  are  not  given  simply  to  fill  tip 
certain  spaces  on  the  cards,  nor  to  please  parents  ;  but 
they  are  given  as  reliable  statements  of  'what  the 
pupils  have  done.  Any  other  record  is  considered  a 
gross  fraud  practiced  upon  parents  and  pupils. 

In  SeiJt.,  1894.  the  teachers  of  the  Grammar  depart- 
ment suggested  to  Principal  Bissell  the  advisability  of 
organizing  among  the  pupils  a  society  whose  object 
should  be  two-fold,  first,  the  exaltation  of  gentlemanly 
and  ladylike  conduct  ;  second,  the  suitable  rewarding 
of  such  conduct  through  enterlainnients  of  an  educa- 
tive nature  held  at  stated  periods.  Mr.  Ijissell  heartily 
"seconded  the  motion,"  and  the  result  was  the  estab- 
nient  of  the  "'  Loyal  League."  Many  names  were  pro- 
posed for  the  new  organization,  but  none  seemed  so 
suitable  as  the  one  chosen,  conveying,  as  it  does,  the 
meaning  of  the  society's  motto — "  He  conquers  who 
overcomes  himself."  The  membership  badge  is  a 
ribbon  with  the  word  '•  Loyalty "  stamped  upon  it  in 
silver  letters.  The  8th  year  colors  are  two  shades  of 
purple :  7th  year,  two  shades  of  yellow ;  6th  year,  two 
shades  of  red  ;  5th  year,  two  shades  of  blue.  Each 
grade  has  four  members  upon  the  committee,  and 
these,  witli  the  teachers,  wear  white  badges. 

The  condition  of  membership  is  very  simple.  Any  pupil  who 
is  rated  "  excellent  "  or  "good"  in  deportinent  for  any  month 
is  a  member  of  the  Loyal  League  during  the  month  immediately 
following.     The  precentage  of  membership  is  always  large. 

The  monthly  cards  are  distributed  on  the  first  Monday  of 
each  month,  and  the  entertainments  occur  on  the  Friday  fol- 
lowing. The  badges  are  worn  at  the  entertainments  and  on 
the  other  Friday  afternoons  of  the  month. 

The  monthly  entertainments  have  been  held  regularly,  and 
have  been  much  enjoyed  by  the  pupils  and  teachers  and  their 
friends  Thev  ha\e  been  so  discreetly  prepared  and  conducted 
that  they  h.ive  in  no  way  interfered  with  the  regular  scholastic 
work  of  the  school.  Many  friends  and  former  pupils  have 
kindlv  assisted,  and  the  pujiils  who  have  taken  part  have  cer- 
tainly reaped  benefit  in  many  ways. 

The  League  publishes  a  very  neat  and   interesting  eight-page 


CHE.STNUT    STREET    SCHOOL. 


MILLER    STREET    SCHOOL. 

school  paper  twice  each  year  -a  holiday  and  Easter  number. 
A  plan  very  similar  to  that  of  the  Loyal  League,  but  neces- 
sarily modified,  is  in  successful  use  in  the  primary  department. 
Since  Mr.  Bissell  assumed  charge  of  the  school  in  1S86,  the 
School  Library  has  grown  from  37  volumes  to  fully  1,000 
volumes.  In  December,  18S7,  the  school  held  a  large  fair  in 
Oraton  Hall  and  cleared  S491.25,  which  was  used  towards  sup- 
plying the  school  with  a  circulating  and  reference  library.  The 
success  of  this  fair  was  due  to  the  earnest  and  hearty  co- 
operation of  all  the  teachers  and  pupils.  In  April,  rSgs.  a 
"  Class  Fair"  netted  S'35.  which  was  used  to  purchase  a  circu- 
lating library  specially  for  the  primary  pupils.  The  Reference 
Library  contains  about  too  well-selected  and  much  used  books. 
The  school  entertainments  are  always  of  a  high  order. 
Those  which  have  been  held  during  the  past  ten  years  have 
netted  about  $1.3°°.  all  of  which  have  been  used  to  the 
school's   benefit. 

The  regularity  and  punctualit\-  of  the  pupils 
speak  well  for  them  and  their  school.  The  cases 
of  tardiness  during  the  present  principalship  have 
been  as  follows:  18S6-87,  180;  1887-88,  35;  1888- 
89,  17;  1889-90,  32;  1890-91.  41;  1891-92,19; 
1S92-93,  19:  1893-94,30:  1894-95.35;  1895-96,30. 
The  average  during  the  last  nine  years  has  been 
only  29,  against   180  during  the  first  year. 

That  punctuality  is  not  secured  at  the  expense  of 
attendance  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  the  average 
percentage  of  attendance  in  all  the  classes  is  usu- 
ally above  g^  per  cent. 

The  good  work  accomplished  by  the  Burnet 
Street  School  is  in  no  small  measure  due  to  the 
loyalty  and  efficiency  of  its  corps  of  teachers.  It 
is  also  true  that  the  school  has  been  very  fortunate 
in  having  as  commissioners,  gentlemen  who  have 
given  prompt  and  intelligent  consideration  to  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  school's  welfare. 

These  illustrations  represent  the  Chestnut  Street 
School,  opened  September,  i860;  enlarged  1870; 
class  rooms,  15;  Principal,  David  Maclure.  Miller 
Street  School,  opened  June,  1881;  enlarged  18S7-88: 
classrooms,  14;  Principal,  J.  Wilmer  Kennedy. 


82 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


WASHINGTON    STREET 
SCHOOL, 

THE  old  Third  Ward  ScIiodI 
was  built   in    1843-4.     At 

this  time  there  were  five  wards 

in    Newark  — the    North,    East, 

South.    West  and    Fifth.     This 

school  was   in  the  South  Ward. 

It  was   the    lirst    public    school 

l)uildin<j    erected    in    the    city. 

Rented  buildings   were  hereto- 
fore  used.      It   was    located    on 

Hill  and  Court  Streets,  and  was 

two    stories    high.     The    upper 

tloor  was  used  as  the  male  de- 
partment and   had  its  entrance 

on     Court    Street.       The    lower 

floor  was  used  as  the  female  de- 

|)artmenl   aiul   its  entrance  was 

on    Hill    Street.     There    w.is    a 

front   yard    on    each  street,    the 

building    being   placed    cqu.dly 

distant    from    the    sidewalk    of 

either    street.      Kiker's  jewelry 

factory   now   occupies  the   site. 

Each  floor  consisted  of  one  large 

room   and   two  small   recitation 

rooms.      The   children    studied 

in    the   large    assembly    rooms, 

and  recited   to  monitors  in   the 

recitation  joonis.    In  1S60,  these 

large    rooms   were   divided    by 

glass    partitions,    making    three 

rooms  on  each  floor,  each  seating  fifty  pupils.     The  large  rooms 

were  heated  by  stoves,  but  the  recitation  rooms  were  not  heated. 

It  was  a  Grammar  School.     Kelson  .Mowry  was  its  first  princi- 
pal.    He  was  succeeded  by  Joseph  A.  Andrews. 

In   May,  1S56,  a  Primary  Industrial  School  was  organized  in 

a  building  rented  by  the  Board  of  Education,  on  West   Kinney 

Street,    corner   of   lieecher   Street      These    Industrial    Schools 

were  to  feed  the  C.ianimar  Schools.     In  i860,  the  Third   Ward 

Prini.iry   School  was   opened   in   a   building   in    Fair  .Stieit.      It 

w'as  two  stories  high,  one  mom  on  <  ach  hour.  Mary  A.  Wood- 
ruff was  its  first 
prindipal  and  held 
thai  position 
some  years  after 
the  present  build- 
ing was  occupied. 
In  1862,  the  Third 
Ward  Industrial 
School  moved  to 
the  building  on 
Mulberry  street, 
near  Chestnut 
Street,  known  as 
Mulberry  Chapel, 
.ind  the  T  h  i  r  d 
Ward  Primarv 
.School  111  o  V  e  d 
fro  111  the  Fair 
Street  building  to 
a  building  corner 
of  Kinney  and 
FKANK  H.  u.\.N.so.s,  .\.  M.  Bcccher  Streets. 


VS'.VSHINGTON    SIREET    SCHOtlL. 

In  i860,  Samuel  W.  Clark  succeeded  Mr.  Andrews  as  princi- 
pal of  the  grammar  school.  In  1867,  the  primary  school  moved 
again  to  the  building  on  the  corner  of  Court  and  Nevada  Streets, 
opposite  the  grnmmar  school.  In  186S.  the  present  building  on 
Washini.;ton  Street  ne.ir  West  Kinney  Street  was  completed. 
Both  grammar  ami  primal  y  schools  moved  for  the  last  time  to 
occupv  it.  In  1S79,  Mr.  IS.  C.  Gregory  succeeded  Mr.  Samuel 
W.  Clark,  who  resigned  to  conduct  a  Sunday  School  paper 
which  was  published  in  Philadelphia. 

In  1882,  the  crowded  condition  of  W.ishington  Street  School 
made  it  necessary  to  provide  greater  facilities,  and  a  building  on 
the  corner  of  Coe  Place  and  Marshall  Street,  formely  used  as  a 
jewelry  factory,  was  rented  and  opened  into  two  primary  classes. 
It  increased  rapidly,  and  in  18S3  there  were  four  classes.  In 
1888  the  property  w-as  purchased,  and  in  i8?9  a  new  building 
of  two  rooms  was  added  and  used  in  connection  with  the  old 
building.  .At  present  there  are  five  classes  in  the  .M.ushall 
Street  School. 

In  188S,  Mr.  B.  C.  Gregory  was  succeede<l  by  Mr.  Frank  H. 
Hanson.  .A.  M  ,  a  graduate  of  Colbv  University,  who  is  siill  in 
charge  of  the  school.  Mr  Gregory  resigned  to  accept  the  posi- 
tion of  Supervising  Principal  of  I'ublic  Schools  at  Trenton,  N.J. 
The  school  ranks  with  the  best  of  Newark's  schools.  About 
800  children  attend  the  school.  Principal  G.  O.  F.  Ta)lor  once 
taught  here.  The  roll  of  teachers  for  the  past  thirty  or  more 
years  contains  manv  honorable  and  worthy  names,  and  we  are 
sure  that  the  old  Third  Ward  has  been  greatly  favored  alwa\s 
in  this  respect. 

The  illustrations  presented  on  this  page  represent  the  Wash- 
ington Street  School  and  its  present  able  Principal.  These 
recall  to  mind  the  steady  outgrowth  of  the  old  South  Ward 
School,  and  the  triuni|)h  of  puljlic  eilucation  in  Essex  County. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


83 


EIGHTEENTH     AVENUE 
SCHOOL. 

ONE  of  tlie  many  schools  of 
wliich  Newark  may  well 
be  prouci,  is  the  Eighteenth 
Avenue  School.  It  is  located 
in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
citv.  Its  grounds  are  bounded 
by  three  streets,  so  that  the 
buildhig  stands  in  an  open 
space,  thus  providing  ample 
light  to  each  class-room — an 
advantage  greatly  to  be  desired. 
The  first  building  was  erected 
in  1871,  and  consisted  of  eight 
class-rooms.  In  1S73  it  iH-camc 
necessary  to  enlarge  it,  by  tin 
addition  of  a  building  in  tin 
form  of  a  large  T,  which,  sur- 
mounted by  two  turrets,  added 
to  the  architectural  beauty  of  , 
the  present  structure.  This 
made  a  school  of  nineteen  class- 
rooms, none  too  large  to  meet 

the  demands  of  the  rapidly  increasing  population  of  the  old 
Thirteenth  Ward.  The  pupils  and  patrons  of  its  early  days 
purchased  a  large  bell,  which  is  hung  in  a  belfry,  and  its  tones 
call  the  children  from  far  and  near  to  each  session  of  the  school. 
This  has  been  of  the  greatest  advantage  in  reducing  to  almost 
a  minimum  the  number  of  cases  of  tardiness. 

The  Eighteenth  Avenue  School  has  been  fortunate  in  ha\  ing 
for  its  principals  men  of  character  as  well  as  intellect.  Of 
these,  when  the  school  was  but  an  intermediate  school.  Princi- 
pals Smith,  Schulte,  Kennedy  and  Maclure  were  ))riimotfd  to 
grammar  schools. 

The  school  was  opened  as  a  primary  school.  It  soon 
advanced  to  an  intermediate  school,  having  no  grade  higher 
than  the  sixth  year.  It  was  necessary  for  pupils  wishing  to 
enter  the  High  School,  to  be  admitted  to  a  grammar  school  for 
the  remaining  two  year's  course.  The  Eighteenth  Avenue 
School  was  an  intermediate  school  when  Henry  J.  Uougherty, 
the  present  principal,  assumed  control.  Through  his  untiring 
efforts,  with  the  hearty  co-operation  of  his  teachers,  the  grade 

of  the  school 
steadilv  advanced 
and  in  1891  the 
first  graduates  of 
Eighteenth  Ave- 
nue School  en- 
tered the  High 
.School. 

It  has  been  the 
custom  for  each 
graduating  class 
to  leave  a  class 
memorial.  The 
class-room  has 
m  a  n  y  beautiful 
tokens  of  its 
former  inmates, 
which  serve  as 
an  inspiration  to 
those  who  are  still 
treading  the  path 
HENKY  J.  uouGiiKiuv.  "f  learning  in  the 


KIGHTEENTII    AVENUE    SCHOOL. 


old  familiar  place.  The  graduates  have  formed  an  alumni 
association,  which  is  in  a  tlourisliing  condition.  Thus,  a  bond 
of  friendship  has  been  cemented  between  the  present  pupils  of 
the  school  and  those  who  have  passed  out  from  their  alma 
mater.  The  school  has  good  reason  to  mention  the  alumni 
with  pride  and  gratitude. 

From  time  to  time,  the  school  has  held  very  successful  as 
well  as  pleasing  entertainments.  The  funds  derived  therefrom 
have  been  judiciously  spent.  As  a  result  of  these  investments, 
the  school  can  boast  of  a  fine  library,  containing  several  sets  of 
encvclopa'dias,  histories,  books  of  reference  and  works  of 
standard  writers,  which  are  of  interest  to  puijils  and  teachers 
alike. 

Since  the  observance  of  .Arbor  Day  by  the  public  schools  of 
the  city,  many  trees  have  been  planted  in  the  playgrounds  and 
on  the  streets  bounding  them,  so  that  shade  antl  beauty  are 
thus  provided.  The  front  lawns  are  kept  in  good  condition 
during  the  season,  and  flowers  in  beds  and  urns  add  much 
to  the  good  appearance  of  the  building. 

.An  annex  on  Livingston  street,  with  its  entrance  on  the 
Eii^hteenth  Avenue  School  grounds,  was  built  in  the  early  part 
of  1894,  and  the  two  buildings,  which  may  properly  be  con- 
sidered one  school,  have  a  seating  capacity  for  1,280  pupils. 

In  October,  1S91,  the  school  was  opened  as  an  evening 
school,  holding  sessions  during  five  months  of  each  year. 
Many  parents  are  compelled  to  take  their  children  from  the  day 
schools  as  soon  as  they  have  reached  an  age  when  they  can  earn 
something.  The  evening  school  offers  advantages  to  this  class 
of  pupils. 

During  the  summer  of  1895,  the  Eighteenth  Avenue  School 
opened  its  doors  for  six  weeks  as  a  summer  school.  The 
attendance  was  good  for  the  entire  term,  which  shows  the  ap- 
preciation felt  by  those  living  in  the  vicinity  of  the  school.  No 
national  holiday  ever  passed  without  appropriate  exercises  by 
the  school  on  the  day  preceding  such  holiday. 

That  patriotism  has  been  instilled  in  the  hearts  of  the  pupils 
of  the  Eighteenth  Avenue  School  is  evinced  from  the  following 
fact :  The  first  memorial  left  to  the  school  by  the  first  gradu- 
ates of  the  school  was  Old  Glory.  The  stars  and  stripes  were 
cut  by  the  boys  of  '91,  and  the  girls  sewed  together  that  emblem 
which  is  the  pride  and  glory  of  every  true  American  heart. 


84 


ESSEX  COrXTY,  X.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


SOUTH    MARKET    STREET  SCHOOL. 

IN  the  year  1X55.  the  city  of  Newark  eNpended 
what  was  then  a  large  ainount  of  money,  in 
the  construction  of  school-houses.  The  South 
Market  Street  Scliool  was  one  of  the  buildings  con- 
structed in  that  year.  'Hus  building,  and  several 
others  in  the  city,  w'ere  ci instructed  on  one  ]5lan 
and  were  then  considered  models  of  school  archi- 
tecture, and  replete  with  all  the  latest  and  neces- 
sary .iiJiihances  and  facilities  of  a  lirst-class  school 
building,  and  was  intentled  to  accommodate  three 
hundred  and  fifty  pupils.  During  the  two  score 
years  of  the  history  of  this  school,  many  of  the 
scholars  from  this  school  have  become  prominent 
and  intluential  citizens  of  Newark. 

Mr.  Samuel  W.  Clark,  the  first  Principal  of  South 
Market  .Street  .School,  a  man  of  sterling  character, 
remained  a  number  of  years.  His  able  successor. 
William  Johnson,  also  remained  at  the  head  of  the 
school  some  ten  or  more  years,  and  ably  conducted 
the  efficient  and  popular  methods  of  his  prede- 
cessor. J.  Newton  Smith  was  the  next  Principal. 
For  the  past  sixteen  years  the  school  has  been  m 
charge  of  .Mr.  William   P.  IS.  (irick. 

The  school  accommodations  furnished  by  this  old  building 
have  long  since  become  inadequate  for  the  growing  neighbor- 
hood. More  than  double  the  original  number  of  seats  have 
been  crowded  into  the  house  and  filled,  and  pupils  are  turned 
away  for  want  of  room. 


SIH'TH    M.AKUE'I'    STRIiET    SCHOOL. 

rooms  for  the  teachers.  The  class-rooms  are  large,  well  liglited 
and  ventilated,  and  each  capable  of  seating  sixty  pupils.  Each 
room  is  provided  with  a  cloak  room,  and  cloak  rooms,  courts 
and  the  class-rooms  are  all  heated  by  steam.  The  building  and 
site  are  v.ilued  at  S36.000. 


HAWKINS  STREET  SCHOOL, 

THE  Hawkins  Street  School  was  erected  in  1SS7-SS.  and 
was  first  opened  on  January  3.  18S9.  It  first  opened 
with  Wvt  class-rooms  occupied,  and  continued  with  tliat  number 
a  year  and  a  half,  being  during  th.it  time  an  annex  to  South 
.Market  Street  .School. 

In  .September,  1891,  another  class-room  was  opened  and  Mr. 
Clarence  S.  Giffin  was  appointed  Principal  of  the  school.  The 
following  September  another  class-room  was  opened,  and  the 
school  has  since  continued  with  seven  class-rooms  occupied. 
There  is  yet  one  unoccupied  room. 

The  ground  lloor  of  the  building  is  occupied  by  the  Princi- 
pal's office  and  reception  room,  the  boiler  room  and  two  large 
courts,  one  each  for  the  boys  and  girls.  The  second  and  third 
floors  are  each   occupied   by  four  class-rooms,   and   reception 


HAWKINS    SIREET    .SCHdOI., 


THE   'FRANKLIN^   SCHOOL. 

IN  reviewing  the  steps  that  have  led  up  to  the  establishment 
of  the  ■  Franklin  "  School  as  we  know  it  to-day.  the  data 
at  hand  for  the  earlier  stages  is  so  meagre  that  no  attempt  is 
made  to  go  into  detail.  Suffice  to  say,  that  when  Newark  was 
no  more  than  a  town,  and  only  the  three  R's  were  taught  in  the 
schools,  the  cus- 
tom prevailed  of 
naming  them  in 
honor  of  noted 
men.  Therefore, 
one  located  in 
w  hat  is  n  o  w 
known  as  t  h  e 
Fourth  Ward  o( 
the  city,  w  a  s 
named  in  honor 
of  our  illustrious  | 
Franklin. 

The  site  of  this 
school  was  pur- 
chased bv  N.  J. 
C.  K.  K.  Co.  .iiid 
the  money  turned 
over  to  the  munic- 
ipal authorities  to 
be  set  aside  for 
the  ])urpose  of 
locating  a  school 
bearing  the  same 

name  in  another  portion  of  the  city, 
when  it  became  apjiarent  to  the  lioard  of  Education  that  the 
school  accommodation  of  the  Eighth  Ward  w.is  inade(|uate  to 
meet  the  wants  of  this  section  of  the  city,  the  present  site  on 
Fifth    Avenue    w,is    purchased  ;    ho\\e\er,    not    without  some 


WII.I.IAM   1'.   H.   URICK. 


After  a  nuinber  of  years, 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  K.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


85 


friction  in  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, as  otlier  sections  of  the  city 
made  a  strong  fight  for  its  loca- 
tion. Therefore,  this  money 
held  in  reserve  by  the  Board  of 
Education  was  spent  in  pur- 
chase of  this  site. 

An  eight-room  building  was 
built  on  the  above  site,  and 
what  was  known  as  the  Frank- 
lin Public  Primary  School  was 
organized  in  September,  1889. 
with  the  following  corps  of 
teachers  :  T.  T.  Collard,  I'rinci- 
pal  ;  Miss  Amv  Simpson.  Miss 
Ida  [.  Morrison.  Miss  F.  A. 
Haring,  Miss  E.  Klotz  Miss  M. 
.\.  Baldwin,  Miss  J.  Dettmer, 
Miss  M.C.  Haskell,  Miss  E.  L. 
Sayre.  !n  April,  1S93,  Miss 
Abbie  P.  McHugh  was  made 
Principal,  and  Mr.  Collard  was 
transferred  to  North  .Seventh 
Street  School. 

It  soon  became  a|)parent  that 
an  eight-room  building  was  too 
small  to  accommodate  the 
school    population,    and     hence 

the  necessity  for  and  enlargement  of  the  building.  This  was 
brought  about  largely  through  the  efforts  of  the  School  Com- 
missioner of  the  ward  directly  interested  in  this  school,  Mr. 
.Moses  J.  DeWitt.  The  addition  made  consisted  of  eight  class- 
rooms, a  fine  assembly  hall  and  court.  Therefore,  the  present 
building  isecjuipped  with  16  class-rooms,  two  large  commodious 
courts,  and  an  assembly  hall  that  will  seat  500  people  or  more. 
Upon  opening  the  schools  in  .September,  1S95,  the  Pioard  of 
Education  decided  to  make  the  "  Franklin  "  School  a  grammar 
school,  thus  really  transferring  the  grammar  department  of 
Webster  Street  School,  leaving  the  latter  a  primary  school. 
Also  the  Bloomfield  annex,  a  two-room  primary  school,  was 
abolished,  and  pupils  transferred  to  the  "  Franklin  "  primary. 
This  necessitated  changing  the  teachers  from  the  Webster  St. 
grammar  and  Bloomfield  Ave.  annex  to  the  "  Franklin  "  School, 
which  was  done  before  the  opening  of  school  in  September. 

Upon  opening  of 
school  it  was  not 
known  just  how- 
many  of  the  sixteen 
class-rooms  would 
be  occupied,  but  in 
a  day  or  so  it  was 
evident  that  every 
class-room  would 
have  to  be  used,  as 
over  900  children 
jpi)lied  for  admis- 
sion the  first  week 
of  school. 

The  following  is 
the  corps  of  teach- 
ers :  Crammer  De- 
(lartment  —  Princi- 
pal, A.  G.  Balcom  ; 
\'.-Frincipal,  Abbie 
P.  McHugh;  As- 
A.  G.  B.^i.coM.  sistants.    Belle    M. 


THE 


FR.^NKLIN       SCHOOL. 


Core,  Anna  L.  Carrabrant,  May  Woodruff,  Jessie  P..  Mikels, 
.\my  Simpson.  Claribel  Gogl,  Juliet  Dettmer.  Primary 
Department  -Vice-Principal,  Annie  E.  Curtis;  Assistants,  Car- 
oline Y.  Haulenbeek.  H.  Isabel  Smith.  Ada  E.  .Sargeant,  M. 
Fannie  Brackm,  Mary  G.  Haskell,  E.  Louise  Sayre,  Florence  A. 
Haring. 

WALNUT    STREET    SCHOOL. 

THIS  school,  located  in  the  Tenth  Ward,  is  a  Primary 
School.  The  building  was  erected  in  1862  and  remodeled 
in  1877.  It  contains  eight  class-rooms  anil  a  teachers" 
and  principal's  room.  It  is  heated  by  steam,  and  altluuigli 
small,  is  a  comfortable  building. 

This  school  has  for  its  principal.  Miss  S.  Fannie  Carter  ;  Miss 
Carrie  C.  Hutchings  is  head  teacher.  The  assistants  are  the 
Misses  Laura  C.  Delano,  Elizabeth  Rodamor,  Florence  J. 
Farmer,  Abbie  J.  Hoppaugh,  Mattie  M.  Miller,  Agnes  Geppert 
and  Carrie  M.  Welcher. 


WALNUT   STREtT   SCHOOL. 


■^6' 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


OLIVER    ST.    SCHOOL. 

THE  Oliver  Street  ('.ramiiiar 
School  was  opeiiecl  Sept.  6, 
1869.  The  dedication  exercises 
wei'e  held  in  the  Ijuililing;  Friday, 
Aug.  ^1.  !•".  W.  Ricoicl.  I'les- 
sideiit  of  the  lio.ird  of  Educa- 
tion, prcbided.  Addresses  were 
made  In'  1' resident  !■".  \V. 
Ricortl.  Supei  inteiidant  of 
Schools  Geo.  B.  Sears  and  the 
w  a  r  d  connnissionei  s  ]!.  11. 
Douglas  and  Elihu  U.  Earl. 
The  building  contains  fourteen 
class  rooms  .and  will  acconinio- 
date  about  eight  hundred  child- 
ren. The  bmlding  and  site  cost 
S56.310. 

Joseph  A.  Hallock  was  ap- 
pointed ])rincipal  and  remained 
tdl  187".  Win.  H.  Elston  was 
then  appointed.  He  resigned 
in  1879.  anil  was  succeeded  b\ 
ICdwin  Ship.ird  the  piesint 
princiiKil.  'I  he  following  lia\e 
served  .is  Xice-l'i  incip.ils  and 
Assistants  since  the  school  was 
organized:  Vice-Principals  of 
Grammar  E'epartment,  Wni. 
Hayes  and  Mrs  Carrie  A.  Hal- 
lock,  liolh  of  whom  ha\e  died  ; 
Miss    Eunice    A.    Mcl.eod.   who    is    now    occupying    a    similar 

position   in    the    Elliot    Street   Gr.i ar  School;    Elizabeth    H. 

Burr,  now  Mrs.  I'eck,  of  Stroudsburg,  Pa.,  and  Susie  Steele; 
Vice-Principals  of  the  Primary  Department,  Anna  E.  Curtis, 
now  connected  with  the  "  ■■'ranklin  "  School  ;  Laura  C.  Delanoe, 
.It  present  teaching  in  W.diiut  Street  School;  liinma  J.  Dean, 
now  Mrs.  Win,  Doug. ill.  living  in  Newark;  .Annie  E.  Harrison, 
who  resignetl,  and  J'aiiin.i  Einter;  Assistants,  Carrie  Hutch- 
ings,  now  in  Walnut  Street  School;  Emma  J.  SherilT,  now  Mrs. 
Titus,  living  in  Newark;  Sarah  E.  Beam,  Henrietta  Price, 
resigneil.  living  in  Newark;  Emma  I-.  Lewis,  now  Mrs.  (iroves, 
living    in    Newaik;    Kate    Roche,    Alice    M.   Scpiire,   now    Mrs, 

T  h  o  m  p  son; 
Mary  ISenj.imin, 
now  Mrs.  Foster 
of  Newark;  Fan- 
nie Steele,  Jean 
M.  Ilendr)',  now 
Mrs.  Dr.  Few- 
Smith,  of  New- 
ark ;  Mary  D. 
Kii  k|)atrick.now 
at  Ann  Street 
.Scliool ;  Hannah 
Moore,  Rate  H. 
Belcher,  now 
t  e  a  c  h  i  n  g  i  n 
( )raiige,  N.  J.  ; 
kdecta  I\L  But- 
ler, now  a  miss- 
ionary in  Can- 
ton,     China; 

_^-  Sarah  M.  Baker, 

lUJUi.N  sHEi'.VHD.  now  Mrs.  Baker, 


OLIVliR   SlRElif   .SCHOOL. 

of  Newark;  Hattie  J.  Clark,  now  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Connell,  of 
New-ark;  .\nnie  ( ).  Ho|)paugh.  now-  Mrs.  D.  (1.  .Maclay,  of 
Fargo,  N.  1).;  M,  Melissa  Harrison,  now-  Mrs.  Frank  Gibson 
of  Newark  ;  Ida  M.  Hatcher,  M.  Adelaide  Healey,  Ruth  L. 
H.inipson,  now-  Mrs.  F.  C.  Nettleship.  of  Newark  ;  Annie  L. 
Rogers  now-  Mis.  Stewart  ;  NLary  E.  Maclay,  L.  Belle  Ludlow, 
Lizzie  D.  Tucker,  now  Mrs.  C.  Hopwood,  of  New.irk;  Alice 
Dod,  now  Mrs.  Ketcham  ;  Belle  Kirk,  now  Mrs.  Folsom,  of 
Kearney,  N  J.;  Daisy  M.  Law-,  Evie  Symons,  A.  M.  Beyer, 
now  in  High  School;  Florence  G.  Carter,  now  Mrs.  Egner,  of 
New.uk;  L.  P-dna  Freeman,  and  .Sarah  C.  Moore;  also  the 
following  wdio  are  deceased  :  Mrs.  H.  M.  Willis,  and  Emma 
Ilobbis, 

The  graduates  from  the  school  number  se\en  hundred  and 
fifty-tw-o  and  are  scattered  from  one  end  of  the  country  to  the 
other.  All  the  professions  are  represented  by  them,  and  our 
boys  and  girls  are  to  be  found  in  every  walk  of  life.  Twenty-six 
of  the  graduates  have  become  teachers  in  our  schools,  two  of 
them  are  in  the  Newark  High  School,  and  tliree  are  represented 
in  the  piesent  faculty  of  the  school.  Connected  with  the  school 
is  a  fine  library  consisting  of  over  nine  hundred  volumes.  This 
is  the  largest  grami-i-iar  school  library  m  the  city.  More  than 
fifteen  huntlred  dollars  has  bfen  expended  in  books  and  charts 
since  it  was  established.  The  books  and  magazines  are  in  con- 
stant circulation,  and  furnish  families  of  the  ward  much  useful 
reading.  All  this  monty,  save  one  hundred  dollars  given  by  the 
state,  has  b -en  raised  by  the  pupils  and  teachers.  The  value 
derived  fimn  the  school  library  can  hardly  be  estimated  ;  as  an 
educational  factor,  it  is  second  only  to  the  teacher. 

The  patrons  of  the  school  take  special  pride  in  its  w-elfare. 
This  is  shown  by  the  large  number  yearly  graduated  to  the 
High  School  and  by  its  liberal  contributions  to  its  library  and 
other  improvements.  The  walls  are  decorated  with  many  tine 
pictures  and  the  front  yard  is  one  of  the  best  kept  in  the  city. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


87 


SOUTH   STREET   SCHOOL. 

IN  the  report  of  Superintendent  Barringer  for 
1875,  attention  was  called  to  the  over- 
crowded condition  of  the  schools  of  the  Tenth 
Ward;  and,  in  the  same  year,  a  building  was 
rented  in  Thomas  street,  near  Hermon.  Jan- 
uary 3,  1876,  two  rooms  were  opened,  with  Mrs. 
Carrie  A.HaliocU  in  charge.  In  September,  1876. 
Miss  Eunice  A.  Mcl.eod  took  Mrs.  Hallock's 
place  and  continued  as  Principal  until  the  South 
Street  building  was  completed.  Still,  the 
accommodations  were  insufficient  for  this  sec- 
tion, and  in  1S82  a  site  was  bought  corner  of 
South  and  Hermon  streets.  In  1SS3-4,  addi- 
tional appropriations  were  made  and  the  build- 
ing begun. 

In  September.  1S84,  the  school  was  formally 
opened  by  Superintendent  Barringer  and  Com- 
missioners   John    I..    Armitage    and    Seymour 
Tucker,    with     I'lincipal     \V.    J.     Kennedy    in 
charge.     During  the  first  year  there  were  479 
pupils    and    seven    teachers.      Two    of    these 
teachers.  Miss  Mary  M.  Parker  and  Miss  Mary 
D.    Kirkpatrick.    were     from     Thomas    Street 
School,   and    two.    Miss    Hannah    Moore   and    Miss    Mary    E. 
Bedell,  were  from  Garden  Street  School.     Miss  Hannah  Moore 
was  appointed  first  Vice-Principal.     September   i,   1886,  Prin- 
cipal   Kennedy    was    succeeded    by    Mr.   J.   L.    Tei  williger,    of 
Washington,  N.  J.     Principal  Terwilltger  was  transferred  .Sep- 
tember   I,    1889,    and    Lewis    W.    Thurber,    of  Paterson,    was 
appointed. 

April  I,  1892,  the  School  was  changei.1  from  Primary  to  Inter- 
mediate, and  remained  so  till  September  i,  1S92.  when  the  class 
of  Intermediate  schools  was  abolished  and  South  Street  .School 
was  changed  to  Primary. 

.Mr.  Thurber  remained  Principal  until  April  i,  1S94,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  Lafayette  Street  School,  and  Mr.  K.  S.  Blake, 
of  the  Normal  School,  succeeded  him.  Mr.  Blake  was  Princi- 
pal only  four  months,  and  was  then  followed  by  Mr.  E.  K. 
Sexton,  of  Closter,  N.  J.,  who  took  charge  October  1  1,  189;. 

The  school  has  had  a  slow  growth  since  it  started,  and  now 
contains  ten  classes  and  an  enrollment  (1896)  of  635  pupils. 

In  1887  a  sum- 
mer school  was  es- 
tablished and  con- 
tinued till  1891, 
with  an  enrollment 
of  about  140  pupils. 
In  1895  an  even- 
ing school  was 
started,  with  Prin- 
c  i  p  a  1  Sexton  in 
charge.  It  con- 
tained four  classes 
and  an  enrollment 
of  173  puiiils. 

Credit  is  due  to 
the  Commissioners 
who  have  repre- 
sented this  section 
of  the  city  in  the 
Board  of  Educa- 
tion, for  its  present 
school  acconuiio- 
dations. 

E.    K.    SEXTON. 


T 


SOUTH    STRRF.T    .SCHOOL. 

CAMDEN    STREET  SCHOOL. 

HE  Camden  Street  School  w.is  built  in  1884  and  opened  in 
.September  of  the  same  year.  This  buikling  has  fourteen 
class-rooms,  is  very  well  located  and  is  a  well-arranged  and 
very  convenient  house  for  school  purposes.  The  faculty  of  the 
school  consists  of  Mr.  Arnold  Voget,  Principal,  Miss  Laura  15. 
Sayre,  Vice-Principal,  Miss  J.  \'.  Enders,  Head  Assistant,  and 
the  teachers.  Miss  L.  E.  Hill,  Miss  L.  A.  Hill.  Miss  M.  Leanora 
Stevens,  Miss  Carrie  Kaiser.  Miss  Jean  A.  Dearie,  Miss  Anna 
Anderson.  Miss  Edith  Burgyes.  Miss  Griselda  Ellis,  .Miss 
Frances  C.  Force,  Miss  H.  Louise  Crane,  Miss  Mabel  Burnett, 
Miss  Madeleine  Boylan. 

The  following  is  ,in  exti.ict  fiom   the   report  of  City  .Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Schools,  Wm.  N.  Barringer,  for  1895  : 

In  a  prosperous  and  growing  city  the  demands  of  the  pul)lic 
schools  are  constantly  increasing.  The  many  and  continu- 
ally e.xtending  advantages  for  homes  and  business  offered  by 
our  beautiful  city  are  bringing  many  families  and  business 
interests  here. 
Of  course, 
among  theinllu- 
ences  that  help 
to  build  u]i  .1 
c  o  m  m  u  n  i  f  )■ , 
none  are  more 
effecti\e  t  h  a  n 
good  schools. 
Meiely  to  keep  j 
them  up  to  tin-  j 
present  stand- 
ard is  not  suffi- 
cient. Progress 
in  the  course  of 
study  and  in 
m  e  t  h  o  d  s  of 
teaching  must 
be  constant  and 
up  to  date.  The 
a  cc  o  m  m  o  da- 
tions  in  the  way 


.\KNOI.D    VOGET. 


88 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


of  school  i-oiuii  .111(1  all  facilities  pertaining;  to 
appliances  of  all  kinds  necessary  for  the  most 
efficient  grade  of  instruction  slioiild  Ije  amply 
supplied.  The  meie  matter  of  cost  should  not 
deter  the  Ijoard  from  makiii,^  this  most  important 
of  all  investments  in  the  sound  interests  of  our 
litv.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  IJoard  to  aid  m  sur- 
I'ounding  our  children  witli  the  best  cn\  iri>nment 
that  shall  conduce  lo  their  physical,  intellectual, 
moral  and  a-sthetical  good. 
.  We  should  not  forget  that  the  schools  are  for 
the  children  and  not  merely  a  convenience  for  j  i-'?^' 
the  te.ichcis  and  others  connected  with  iheui.  It 
is  in  these  schools  that  the  pupils  are  tr.iincd  in 
the  ac(|uiremcnt  of  useful  knowledge,  the  develop- 
ment of  their  powers  of  li()d\-  and  mind,  .ind  hoH 
to  applv  them  in  the  various  callings  they  ma\ 
c  nter. 

There  is  no  more  important  duly  devolving  upon 
a  community  than  the  thorough  training  .ind 
education  of  the  i  hildnn  hj  become  true,  noble 
antl  hfinored  men  .ind  women,  capable  of  filling 
their  places  and  performing  their  duty  in  this 
American  repul)lic.  It  is  hir  thrs  piupose  that  this 
public  school  s\stem  is  org.uiized    .md    m.iintaineil. 

The  Superintendent's  attention  from  vear  to  year  has  been 
more  and  more  given  to  the  cpiestion.  how  to  elevate  and 
increase  the  efficiency  of  the  public  school  svstem  of  our  city  ? 
This  cannot  be  settled  by  considering  and  using  only  the  nie.uis 
furnished  by  school-room  acconunodations  .uid  the  various 
appliances  required  in  the  proper  instruction  of  pupils.  As  we 
have  so  often  said  and  again  repeat,  the  one  ^reat  necessity  in 
every  system  of  schools  is  the  thoroughly  tr.iined,  competent 
teacher.  This  is  the  way  out  of  all  difficulties  that  beset  the 
educational  problem. 

In  the  educ.Uion  and  training  of  our  teachers  it  can  hardlv 
be  questionid  liut  that  we  are  ?iio\ing  in  the  right  direction. 
There  has  lieen  more  interest  and  activity  among  the  teachers 
in  preparation  for  the  class-room  ,ind  personal  contact  with  the 
child  than  duiing  any  time  in  the  |)ast.  While  some  have 
failed  to  catch  the  spirit,  the  body  as  such  has  made  right  and 
commendalile  progress.  Here  is  the  key  to  the  whole  subject. 
Teachers  deeply  interested,  competent  and  thoroughly  trained 
will  soon  put  our  schools  in  the  way  of  rapid  and  sound  pro- 
gress. This  com- 
^.  petency  and   train- 

ing     means     nmch 
""  more     than      mere 

surface  preji, nation 
in  methods  and 
simple  devices. 
First.  it  me.nis 
largi'  natural  fit- 
ness by  (|uick  intel- 
li.geuce.  great  tact 
.and  aptness,  joined 
with  .unple  schol.n- 
ship  and  ^ood  hab- 
ils  of  nnnd  and 
body,  w  ilh  the  de- 
\olion  and  persist- 
cmy  of  the  gen- 
uine student. 

The  meetings  of 

the      teachers      for 
uixN.   s(  iiooi.  cii.\uussiom-:k. 


^ 


■^   ^ 


CAl\tUEN    STREET    SCHOOL 

educational  purposes  with  the  principals,  the  Superintendent,  in 
.grade  meetings  for  s])ecial  subjects,  in  the  institutes,  etc..  ha\r 
been  unusually  well  attended  and  have  residted  in  pernrineni 
beneht  to  the  ])rofession.  I  wish  just  here  to  emphasi/.e  these 
g.uhciings.  ()ne  of  their  thief  benefits  is,  they  keep  ah\e. 
intensify  and  extend  the  professional  spirit.  They  arouse  and 
utilize  the  personal  and  mutual  efforts  of  those  who  come 
under  their  inlluence.  We  hope  to  imprejve  them  ;md  thus 
derive  still  kirger  benefits  from  them. 

The  .Su|)erintendent's  meetings  with  the  principals,  the  prin- 
cipals with  their  class  teachers,  the  Principals'  Association,  tin 
Vice-Principals'  Association,  the  Teachers'  Institutes,  the  gradi 
meetings  Dy  the  drawing  teacher  and  the  music  teachers,  h.n  r 
.dl  been  held  regularly.  They  were  well  attended  and  com- 
manded the  attention  of  all.  The  meetings  are  growing  in 
interest  and  value  from  year  to  year. 

(Tne  of  the  troublesome  questions  for  every  growing  munici- 
pality IS  the  difliculty  of  furnishing  adecpiate  facilities  for 
the  proper  education  and  tr.uning  of  the  children.  This  is  not 
a   local  complaint  ; 


it  is  wide-spread 
I  h  ro  u  g  h  o  u  t  the 
country.  It  is  not 
easy  to  understand 
wli\'  cities  so  gen- 
erall)'  fail  to  make 
early  and  ample 
provision  for  their 
schools.  Wisdom 
would  seem  to  say 
lh.it  sites  shouU 
111'  purchased  and 
buildings  arranged 
for  in  .advance  of 
the  crowfled  popu- 
l.ition  which  makes 
it  so  difficult  ,ind 
expensive  to  prop- 
erly locate  the 
school  buildinr's. 


MMIS.SIONER. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


89 


NEWTON    STREET   SCHOOL, 

THE  Ijuikliny  is  located  at  the  corner  of  Newton 
Street  and  South  Orange  Avenue,  and  was 
erected  in  1S67.  In  1871  the  building  was  des- 
troyed l.iy  tire.  It  was  rebuilt,  enlarged  and  re- 
o])ened  in  1S73.  Present  value  of  property  is 
S50.000.  This  school  has  the  largest  grammar 
.attendance  of  any  in  the  city.  At  this  writing.  June, 
■96,  there  are  ten  graiumar  classes,  and  a  total  en- 
rollment of  502.  In  both  departments  there  are 
eighteen  classes  and  loSi  pupils. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  been  principals  of 
the  school  :  Wm.  H.  Elston,  Edwin  Shepard,  now 
principal  of  Oliver  Street  School ;  Clarence  E. 
Meleny.  now  connected  with  the  Horace  Mann 
School  of  New  York  City,  and  Stephen  S.  Day, 
under  whose  supervision  the  school  was  elevated 
to  the  grammar  grade  eleven  years  ago.  The 
present  principal,  J.  L.  Terwilliger,  has  held  tlie 
position  over  five  years,  with  a  total  experience 
of  twenty-six  years  successful  work  in  our  little 
Stale.  Of  the  excellent  and  faithful  corps  of  teach- 
ers, Mrs.  F.  W.  Smith,  V'ice-Principal,  has  taught  in  the  school 
twenty-four  years,  and  Miss  Rebecca  M'Clure.  F.  Assistant 
twenty-two  years.  Miss  Emma  L.  Hutchings  V'ice-Principal 
Primary,  twenty-four  years.  Miss  Anna  A.  Baldwin,  has  taught 
here  over  twenty-nine  years,  and  Miss  Duncan,  twenty-two 
years.     The  school  is  popular,  prosperous  and  well  patronized. 

NORTH   SEVENTH    STREET  SCHOOL, 

THIS  school  is  located  in  that  portion  of  our  city  known  as 
Rosexille.  iiringing  to  mind  the  Roseville  of  to-day  and 
the  same  place  thirty  years  ago,  strongly  contrasting  pictures 
will  be  presented.  It  was  well  named  "  A  Village  of  Roses," 
and  it  is  still  true  to  its  title. 

In  1854,  an  enumeration  was  taken  here,  and  two  hundred 
and  fifty  children  of  school  age  were  listed.  Six  years  later  the 
school  was  built ;  and  of  this  first  school  as  it  stood  in  all  its 
pride,  a  new  structure,  on  the  tenth  of  September,  1S60,  we  will 
take  a  brief  survey.  On  Roseville  Avenue,  just  beyond  Orange 
Street,  back  from  a  grass-covered  road,  bordered  by  a  plank 
side-walk,  two  planks  side  by  side,  and  surrounded  by  trees, 
stood  the  school-house.     You    know  the  style— straight    front, 

straight  sides, 
after  the  fashion 
of  the  architec- 
ture of  our  Puri- 
t  a  n  ancestors  ; 
two  floors,  three 
rooms  each  ;  this 
was  the  typical 
school-house 
which  delighted 
our  fathers. 

It   is   necessary 
to    dwell    on   the 
old    school-build- 
ing, for  it  w'as  for 
y  ears 
as     the 
Seventh 


m  any 

known 

■•  North 

Street 

School," 


Primary 
having 


J.   L.    TERWILI.IGER, 


been  moved  from 
its    original   loca- 


NKWIUN    STkELl    SCHUUL. 

tion.  in  the  year  1870,  to  the  site  on  North  Seventh  Street. 
Then  it  was  the  school  in  the  woods.  Before  the  days  when 
rules  of  the  Board  of  Education  became  as  inflexible  as  iron, 
many  a  pleasant  afternoon  did  the  children  spend  reciting  their 
lessons  under  the  trees,  to  the  music  of  the  birds,  and  many  a 
nature  lesson  was  learnt  from  dear  Mother  Earth  herself. 

Soon  after  the  Roseville  or  Eleventh  Ward  School  was  built, 
the  rumble  and  roar  of  guns  and  cannon  was  heard  through  the 
land,  and  our  section  of  the  city  was  selected  upon  which  to 
|)itch  "Camp  Frelinghuysen."  and  from  this  camp  fronting 
Roseville  Avenue,  extending  north  beyond  Fifth  Avenue,  south 
to  Sixth  Avenue,  and  east  to  the  edge  of  what  is  now  known  as 
"  The  Park,"  marched  our  gallant  soldier  boys.  It  would 
greatly  please  the  citizens  of  Roseville  to  have  the  memory  of 
this  event  perpetuated  by  naiuing  the  new  North  Seventh  Street 
School  "The  Frelinghuysen  School." 

The  old  school  still  exists  and  is  in  use.  In  the  rear  of  the 
new  building  on  Sixth  Street  you  can  visit  it  any  day,  and  see 
many  dear  little  bright-faced  children  there,  struggling  to  climb 
the  hill  of  knowledge,  but  so  easily  and  gradually  that  a  greet- 
ing of  smiles  and  happy  voices  will  be  oflered.  But  this  build-' 
ing  is  soon  to  be  a  thing  of  the  past,  as  iis  walls  will  not  stretch 
and  as  many  child- 
ren are  found  on 
North  Seventh 
Street  alone  as  the 
whole  ward  origin- 
ally contained. 

The  new  build- 
ing was  opened  in 
September,  1894, 
and  was  the  cause 
of  great  rejoicing 
to  the  citizens  of 
the  nothern  portion 
of  Roseville,  as  the 
grammar  scho 
children  had  been 
obliged  to  walk 
nearly  a  tnile. 
much  exposed  to 
all  kinds  of 
weather,  to  attend   c.  f.  br.^ndenburgh,  school  commissioner. 


90 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


South  Eighth  Street  Scliool,  then  the  only  gram- 
mar school  in  the  ward.  This  structure  gives 
much  pleasure,  but  the  rapid  growth  of  this  part 
the  city  mal<es  more  room  imperative,  and  a 
much  larger  building  with  an  assembly  hall  is 
hoped  for.  The  present  building  is  so  arranged, 
that  when  such  celebrations  as  the  school  is  re- 
quired to  hold  are  in  progress,  but  few  of  the 
children  can  see  or  hear  what  is  going  on. 

This  school,  having  obtained  the  sympathy 
and  co-operation  of  the  parents  and  citizens, 
with  its  attractive  and  intelligent  children,  and 
under  the  efficient  management  of  a  princi|)al, 
able,  l<ind  and  just,  and  pleasant  teachers,  will 
continue  to  be  a  credit,  pride  and  honor  to  our 
city. 

Present  corps  of  teachers  :  Thomas  T.  Collard, 
Principal ;  Grammar  Department — Elizabeth  K. 
Arndt,  Vice-Principal;  Elizabeth  Wyclcoff,  First 
Assistant  ;  Kate  Z.  Gaston  and  Annie  S.  Burgyes 
Assistants.  Primary  Department — Mary  A. 
McNeill,  Vice-Principal ;  Annie  May  Young. 
Mona  M.  May,  Bessie  C.  Schenck,  Ida  M.  Titus, 
Elizabeth  G.  Parmly,  M.  Anna  Lentz,  Lucasta 
C.  Baldwin,  Mabel  Chandler  and  M.  Elizabeth 
Nicols,  Assistants.  The  illustration  represents  the  new  school, 
one  of  the  most  elegant  erected  by  the   Board  of  Education. 


TO  no  part  of  this  work  has  there  been  a  purer  devotion  brought 
to  bear  than  in  the  part  devoted  to  schools.  This  arises 
not  from  the  fact  that  the  burden  of  our  labor  has  been  lightened, 
and  by  the  assistance  received  from  the  ])ens  of  principals  and 
others  engaged  in  educational  work,  who,  through  the  plan  of  the 
work  have  written  themselves  the  articles  contained  in  the  preced- 
ing pages,  and  description  of  the  school  and  school  work  of  their 
own  particular  school  or  self-elected  school  work.  To  the 
larger  number  of  these  gentlemen,  who  entered  upon  the  task 
with  willingness  and  alacrity,  the  sincerest  thanks  of  the  editor 
are  due  and  hereby  extended.  We  trust  also  that  they  will  re- 
ceive it  in  the  same  spirit  in  which  it  is  sent.  Not  because  our 
burden  of  responsibility  and  labor  has  been  lightened,  but  be- 
cause circumstances  give  them  opportunities  for  collecting  facts 
and  figures  which  we  could  not  control,  and  which  gives  to  the 
educational    part    of   ESSEX  COUNTV,  N.  J.,  Illustr.^TED,  a 

truthfulness  and 
reading  interest, 
which  no  amount 
of  care  and  re- 
search on  our  part 
could  accomplish. 
It  can  be  said  of 
nearly  every  fact 
recorded  and  state- 
ment made,  they 
have  had  personal 
cognizance. 

Besides  this,  that 
sameness  which  to 
many  readers 
would  become  tire- 
some, is  broken, 
and  instead  of  the 
narrative  being 
humdrum,  it  be- 
E.  iioRTON,  SCHOOL  COMMISSIONER.       comcs     attractive 


NORTH    SEVENTH    STREET    SCHOUL. 

and  the  very  reverse  of  tedious.  It  is  an  old  saying  and  one  that  is 
ever  trite,  that  "  Varity  is  the  spice  of  life,"  and  just  here  this 
comes  in  such  interesting  form  as  to  make  it  replete  with 
changes,  which  is  so  desirable  to  the  thoughtful  reader.  Among 
the  subjects  of  which  we  must  needs  treat  in  making  it,  there  is 
but  one  which  can  be  permitted  to  take  precedence  in  any  way, 
and  that  js  the  church,  and  these  two  go  hand  in  hand,  the 
church  and  the  school. 

For  little  more  than  three  years  it  became  the  writer's  good 
fortune  to  superintend  the  public  schools  of  Essex  County,  not 
including  the  cities  of  Newark  and  Orange,  both  of  which  have 
city  superintendents.  During  this  period  abundant  opportuni- 
ties were  offered  to  study  the  educational  interests  of  this 
countv,  and  we  will  be  pardoned  if  we  appear  charmed  with  its 
beneficence  and  apparently  dwell  all  too  long  on  the  results 
accruing.  By  referring  to  the  last  annual  report  of  Supt.  Mathews, 
it  is  found  that  there  w'as  of  school  age  in  this  county,  nearly 
90,000,  for  all  of  whom  provision  is  made  by  the  State  for  their 
education.  Not  all  these  accept  the  State's  beautiful  provisions- 
The  percentage  of 
those  who  do  is 
large  and  rapidly 
growing.  As 
compared  with  that 
n  u  m  b  e  r  repre- 
sented as  attending 
the  public  schools 
two  decades  o  f 
years  ago,  the  in- 
creased ratio  i  s 
very  promising. 

The  falling  off  in 
the  numbers  in  at- 
tendance upon  the 
select  and  private 
and  parochial 
schools,  seminaries 
and  academies,  is 
equal  to  one- 
half,     and     the        d.  b.  n.\than,  school  commissioner. 


GEORGE    GRI.MME,    SCHOOL    COMMISSIONER. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


attendance  upon  the  public  schools  has  in- 
creased in  Hke  propotion.  In  the  field  of 
public  school  education,  or  to  reverse  the 
statement,  education  of  the  young  in  the 
schools  of  the  State,  there  has  been  such 
mighty  advance  made  in  the  methods  of  in- 
struction, and  such  marvellous  care  is  being 
exercised  in  the  presentation  of  learning  to 
the  young,  that  we  meet  with  very  little 
danger  of  making  a  mistake  in  the  statement 
of  a  belief,  that  it  will  require  but  the  ad- 
vances of  a  few  more  decades  ere  all  private 
ind  select  schools  w'ill  be  relegated  to  the 
])ast  and  the  academies  and  seminaries,  rich 
in  the  memories  of  men  who  handle  the  im- 
plements in  the  world's  conduct,  and  hold 
the  helms  of  the  ships  of  state  and  are  now 
held  as  the  apple  of  the  eye  of  men  who  honor 
every  calling,  and  women  who  adorn  the 
world  and  sanctify  home-life  by  sweet  affect- 
ion and  holy  purpose.will  be  treasured  as 
souvenirs  only,  and  give  place  to  the  public 
high     school — the    educational     institution 


91 


J.    J.    LEONAKi) 


■MMISSIONEK. 


which  has  been  fighting  its  way  into  public  favor,  and  keeping 
even  pace  with  the  mighty  advances  in  research  and  science. 

That  the  reader  may  have  the  marvellous  work  of  the  public 
schools  demonstrated  to  his  entire  satisfaction  he  has  only  to 
look  into  one  of  those  beautiful  institutions  of  learning  which  our 
artist  has,  by  pen  pictures  and  photos,  charmingly  transferred 
to  these  pa  es.  There  he  will  find  all  the  conveniences  which 
experience  has  proved  as  the  best  for  educational  purposes,  the 
school-house  Architect  and  Sanitary  Engineer  vieing  one  with 
the  other  in  the  production  of  results  both  marvellous  and  satis- 
factory. The  new.  or  township  law,  for  the  conduct  and 
government  of  the  public  schools,  has  proven  nearly  all  its 
originators  and  friends  desired  and  expected.  High  School 
advantages  under  its  wise  provisions  have  been  extended  to 
children  in  the  out-lying  towns,  where  privileges  had  before 
been  denied.  Hundreds  of  young  men  and  women  desiring  to 
enter  college  can  now  have  that  blessed  privilege  without  spend- 
ing a  year  or  two  or  three  of  precious  time  in  some  academy  or 


seminaiy  after  graduating  from  the  grammar  school,  or  having 
to  employ  a  tutor  to  fit  them  for  college.  Ambitious  boys  and 
girls  need  not  under  this  law  be  barred  out  for  want  of  funds  to 
meet  preparatory  expenses,  the  State  in  its  generosity  providing 
all  that  is  necessary  in  a  financial  way,  to  give  the  child  of  the 
laborer,  mechanic  or  artisan  an  equal  chance  in  the  educational 
race. 

Such  a  mighty  advance  has  been  made  along  the  two 
important  lines  of  school-house  architecture  and  school  sanita- 
tion, we  cannot  refrain  another  reference  to  these  subjects. 
Much  of  the  very  best  architectural  talent  in  the  land  is  now 
making  school  buildings  a  specialty,  with  results  of  a  most 
satisfying  character.  Sturdy  young  America,  with  well  ex- 
panded chest  and  highly  developed  muscle,  is  ready  for  riotous 
play  as  he  slips  from  the  school  house  door.  Such  marvellous 
changes  being  wrought  through  the  scientific  exercise  gained  in 
the  well  ventilated  apartments  and  in  the  calisthenics  taught. 
Not  this  alone  but  the  wonderful  growth  and  development  of 


J.J.    .\1ULLIN,    SCHUUL    1_UMMISS1UNEK. 


body  and  brain  through  the  influence 
of  mannual  training  which  has  become 
a  part  of  the  curriculum  of  study  in  the 
schools. 

Few  pupils  there  are  indeed  in 
these  our  beautiful  days  of  rapid  ad- 
vancnieiU.  who  need  go  forth  into 
the  world  without  a  knowledge  of  the 
more  common  mechanical  implements, 
and  their  skillful  handling.  It  matters 
little  what  course  the  pupil  leaving 
school,  whether  it  be  from  the  public 
high  or  grammar  school  or  the  private 
academy  or  parochial,  may  decide  to 
take,  if  he  does  not  select  for  himself 
or  circumstances  debar  him  or  her 
from  entering  college,  those  hours  of 
their  school  life  will  be  found  to  have 
been  spent  to  the  very  best  purpose, 
during  which  lessons  in  manual  train- 
ing w-ere  inculcated,  since  their  are  few 
places  in  the  busy  world  where  such 
knowledge    and     skill     may    not    be 


A.    BERG,    SCHOOL   COMMISSIONER. 


02 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


used  to  advantage.  Let  the  lot  of  the  retired 
pupil  be  cast  where'er  it  may.  the  knowledge 
gained  in  the  machine  shop,  the  carpenter  de- 
partment or  carving  room  of  the  school,  will 
find  a  blessed  adaptation  and  practical  applica- 
tion. The  click  of  the  nail  hammer,  the  buzz 
of  the  hand  or  whirr  of  the  circular  saw,  whose 
acquaintance  had  been  made  in  the  hours  spent 
where  manual  labor  was  taught,  instead  of  sending 
a  chill  of  terror  over  the  frame  of  him  or  her  when 
first  facing  the  stern  realities  of  life,  will  wake  the 
blessed  memories  of  the  hours  spent  amid  those 
new  beauties  of  school  life  in  which  they  had  most 
fortunately  been  permitted  to  take  part. 

Then,  how-  many  of  the  young  misses  who  ha\  e 
been  privileged  to  taste  and  test  the  sweet  realities 
of  pie  or  cake  manipulated  by  their   own  fingers, 
made  deft  by  practice  while  having  lessons  in  high 
art  cookery  inculcated  in  the  pretty  little  kitchen' 
to  which  they  had  been  invited  to  retire  when  worn 
and  torn  over  Greek  roots  or  algebraic   problems 
where  not  only  the  realities  of  the  world  are  met 
face  to  face,  where  lessons  are   learned  which   will 
tend   mightily   toward   leveling  the   rough   roarl   of 
of  the  house-wife  leading  to  the  satisfying  of  •■Ye 
Lords  of  Creation."  and  the  vainness  of  his  appetite  ever  seek- 
ing satisfaction.     Again,  from  the  sewing  room  of  her  school 
she  carries  into  her  home,  boudoir  or  sewing  room,  a  practiced 
hand  that  had  learned  to  make  and  mend  what  God's  prattling 
babes  will  take  and  rend,  double  bow  knots  of  holy  love. 

It  is  immensely  satisfying  to  us  that  our  views  of  the  past 
and  hopes  ever  brightening  of  a  glorious  future  for  the  public 
schools  as  recorded  in  the  preceding  words,  are  held  and  en- 
joyed by  such  of  our  people  as  are  making  their  walk  along  the 
higher  plane  of  school  work,  and  have  become  the  thoughtful 
themes  of  njany  an  article  in  newspapers  and  journals.  One 
of  these  we  have  taken  the  liberty  of  transferring  to  these  pages 
unchanged,  as  it  appeared  in  an  edition  of  June  27,  of  TV/e 
Cnldwell,  N.  J..  Ntws.  and  from  the  pen  of  the  veteran 
educator  and  popular  superintendent  iif  the  Newark  Citv  Home 

for  Recreant 
Children,  at 
Verona,  Mr. 
C.  B.  Harri- 
son Its  editor; 
"  The  aim 
of  pubhc  ed- 
ucation has 
been  to  se- 
cure an  intel- 
ligent citzen- 
ship.  The 
Father  of  his 
Country  in 
his  farewell 
address  coun- 
seled the  sup- 
port of  insti- 
t  u  t  i  o  n  s  (if 
learning  for 
the  dissemi- 
nation of  use- 
ful k  n  o  w- 
ledge.  The 
J.  A.  BACKiTs,  SCHOOL  coM.MissioNF.R.  earliest      ad- 


Pjw^  '-^_«, 


WEBSTER   STREET   SCHOOL. 

vocates   of  the   free   public   school   system   claimed  that   every 
child  upon  American  soil  was  entitled,  by  virtue  of  dependent 
childhood,  to  such  culture  as  woukl  c|ualify  him  foi   the  exercise 
of  the  manifold  "  rights  "   of  American   citizenship.     The  idea 
of  culture,  however,  among  the  practical  statesmen    and  edu- 
cators, during  the  early  part  of  this  century,  was  comparatively 
crude.     The   "  three  r's  "  were  the  sole  stock   in  trade  of  the 
first    of   the    free   schools,  and    these    were    imparted  quite  as 
mechanically    as  the  craft  of  the  tradesmen.     Arithmetic  was  a 
matter  of  blind  formulas  and  rules  ;  geography,  purely  descrip- 
tive, taxed  the   memory    with   technicalities  and  names  ;    while 
English  Grammar,  introduced  generally  in   the  middle  part   of 
the  century,  with   its   etymology  and  syntax,    affored  the  only 
genuine  mental  exercise  to  which  pupils  were  subjected  in  the 
school  room.     All  in  all,  little  effort  was  made  to  qualify  pupils 
to    use    their 
intellectual 
powers  on  in- 
rl  e  p  e  n  d  e  n  t 
lines      of 
thought. 
The  schools, 
during     t  h  e 
closing  years 
of    the    cent- 
ury,  are    ap- 
])arently  well 
a  d  \-  a  n  c  e  d. 
A     well     dt- 
llned       effort 
to  lead  pupils 
to    tJu'nk     is 
made    in    all 
t  h  e    depart- 
ments of  the 
graded  gram- 
mar    school. 
M  athematics 
is     to-day     a 
m  alter    of  j.  x.  arbucki,e,  school  commissioner. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


93 


axioms  and  principles,  and  in  tracing  their  applica- 
tion, the  reasoning  faculties  are  kept  heathfully  active. 
Geography  is  physical  history,  which  treats  of  the 
"life  of  the  inorganic."  and  unfolds  causes  and 
effects,  in  the  march  of  the  winds,  in  the  distribu- 
tion of  heat  and  cold  and  of  storm,  and  in  the 
devlopment  of  all  forms  of  animal  life.  Grammar 
has  advanced  beyond  the  stage  of  inflection  and 
parsing,  and  is  now  aptly  a  language  study.  In 
method  and  aim  a  great  advance  has  been  made. 

"The  limited  introduction  of  manual  training, 
during  these  last  years  of  this  present  century, 
shows  that  public  school  training  is  perhaps  now 
midway  in  its  transition  state.  The  quickening  of 
the  merely  preceptive  faculties  and  that  special 
physical  culture  which  confers  power  for  rapid  and 
accurate  execution  in  the  production  of  designs  by 
the  excise  of  handicraft,  are  very  generally  attract- 
ing the  attention  of  educators,  and  as  a  result,  we 
may  expect  the  engraftment  of  manual  training 
upon  the  school  course.  With  all  these  however, 
the  end  is  not  reached.  Man  is  a  three-fold  being, 
and  intellectual  and  physical  education  fails  to  meet 
the  demands  of  his  nature.  Without  moral  culture 
and  refinement,  no  one  is  educated  in  the  better  sense  of  the 
term.  Intellectual  acumen  and  acquirement  too  often  accom- 
pany moral  degeneracy.  Caligula  was  brilliant,  but  he  was, 
from  a  moral  standpoint,  a  leper. 

"The  moral  faculties  are  said  to  be  slow  of  devolpenient ;  but 
they  are  susceptible,  and  under  methodical  culture  will  ripen 
as  auxiliary  and  regulating  forces  of  the  intellect.  What  is 
doing  in  this  present  age  in  the  public  schools  is  purely  incident 
to  intellectual  training,  and  therefore  lacks  in  method  and  scope. 
It  may  be  fittingly  characterized  as  experimental  if  not  perfunc- 
tory. The  question  of  moral  education  in  the  near  future,  will 
be  pressing  for  solution.  The  differences  among  religious  sects 
have  heretofore  negatived  rational  endeavors  to  include  moral 
teaching  in  the  public  school  course,  but  with  the  manifold 
demonstrations,  in  private  and  public  life,  of  the  futility  of  one- 
sided culture  as  a  conserving  agency,  the  demand  for  harmoni- 
ous development  will  be  resolutely  made,  and  intelligently  met." 

Manya  man 
who  has  al- 
ready achiv- 
e  d  distinc- 
tion or  has 
risen  to  sta- 
tions of  hon- 
or in  the  later 
days,  has 
been  moved 
to  shout  "ex- 
celsior "  over 
his  first  ink- 
lings obtain- 
in  theschool- 
r  o  o  m.  of 
those  certain 
branches 
which  had 
been  declar- 
ed "  innova- 
tions." and 
among  these, 

H.    I>.    RODEN,    M.    D.,    SCHOOL    COM^rlSSIONER.  that      of     for- 


I  \\\kf.N(;e  street  s(  ikhu.. 

estry,  with  one  of  its  result.int  victories,  known,  celebrated  and 
enjoyed  underthe  title  of  forestry.  Indeed,  it  matters  little  where 
or  in  what  field  the  pupil  after  leaving  school  may  find  his  lot 
cast,  or  the  exercise  of  whatever  calling  he  may  elect  to  pursue, 
the  lessons  in  forestry  he  may  have  learned,  can  prove  of  in- 
estimable value  to  his  prosperity  and  well  being,  providing 
always,  that  he  has  the  will  power  to  jjut  them  into  practice, 
or  he  does  not  prove  recreant  to  the  beautiful  trust  his  Alma 
Mater  bestowed  when  she  said,  "  Go  forth  and  fight  the  battle 
of  life,"  bearing  the  banner  with  the  strange  device  "  Excelsior." 
Since  the  introduction  of  the  ideal  study  of  tree  culture  which 
carries  with  it  tree  and  forest  |irotection,  ten  thousand  times  ten 
thousand  young  tree  shoots  have  grown  into  trees,  with  wide 
spreading  branches  under  which  the  beast  of  the  fields  and 
denizens  of  the  W'ood  are  enjoying  shade  from  the  mid-day 
sun,  or  shelter  from  the  chilling  blasts  of  winter,  have  been 
preserved,  which,  had  it  not  been  for  the  lessons  learned  in 
t  h  e  school, 
would  have 
been  ruth- 
lessly torn 
from  the 
loving  arms 
of  their  ten- 
der mother 
earth,  (  a  1  - 
ways  prolific 
in  her  ben- 
e  factions.) 
and  tramp- 
led beneath 
swift  flying 
feet  engaged 
in  the  never 
flagging  and 
never  ending 
pursuit  o  f 
the  wordly 
fruits. 

Scarce 
more  than  a  c.  w.  menk.  school  commis.sionek. 


94 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


quarter  of  a  century  has  tlitted  by,  since  forestry  or  tree  culture 
arose  to  the  dignity  of  a  science,  and  much  less  time  has  passed 
since  this  marvellously  beautiful  science  and  its  authoritative 
study,  found  a  place  in  our  school   curriculum. 

But  now,  as  the  years  roll  by,  the  pupil  leaving  school 
without  the  foundation  laid  (at  least  in  forestry  study)  is 
looked  upon  as  a  rare  avis  indeed,  while  each  one  goes  forth 
a  warrior  brave,  armed  for  the  fight  against  the  ruthless 
destroyers  of  our  forest  glades  and  beautiful  trees  of  the  wood 
and  dell. 

If  not  another  beneficent  result  had  accrued  from  the  innova- 
tion, the  victories  achieved  and  promise  of  achievements  over 
those  fearful  scourges  of  our  timber  land  sections,  which  here- 
tofore, as  awful  visitants  invading  with  relentless  fury  hill-top 
or  valley,  bearing  down  in  an  hour  the  tree  fruit  of  ages  and 
leaving  naught  but  a  smouldering  ruin  to  mark  its  path,  is  enough 
to  call  down  bensions  of  love  on  the  heads  of  those  mighty 
spirits  who  in  their  devotion  to  the  science  of  tree  growth  and 
forest  preservation,  and  who  have  led  the  advance  guards, 
winning  victory  after  victory  over  forest  fires,  is  enough  to 
establish  their  undying  fame.  We  now  have  the  brightest  of 
promises  looming  up  in  the  near  future  that  the  fiend  will  lie 
chained  at  their  feet,  with  the  key  for  its  releasing  intrusted 
to  such  hands  only  as  will  make  use  of  the  beautiful  lessons 
learned  in  the  school  room,  of  the  best  methods  of  meeting  and 
defeating  its  wild  and  reckless  careering,  and  the  depriving  of 
forest  fires  of  tree  fruit  for  its  feeding  and  fatening  and  robbing 
it  of  its  greatest  terrors. 

Nearly,  if  not  quite  all,  the  states  of  this  Union  have 
enacted  laws  which  authorize  the  Governor  to  set  apart  by 
proclamation  a  certain  day  which  is  usually  selected  from  the 
closing  April  or  May  days,  to  be  known  and  celebrated 
and  enjoyed  under  the  name,  style  and  title  of  Arbor  Day.  The 
day  thus  set  apart  is  usually  accompanied  by  a  recommendation 
in  the  proclamation,  that  it  be  observed  as  a  day  of  thanksgiving 
to  God.  for  the  beautiful  benefices  of  trees  and  plants,  their 
planting,  nourishment  and  protection,  accompanied  by  instruct- 
tions  from  teachers  and  addresses  and  songs  appropriate  to  the 
occasion  by  the  pupils  of  the  school. 

That  our  readers  may  get  a  better  underst.mding  of  Arbor 
Day  in  the  public  schools,  we  take  the  liberty  of  transferring  to 

these  pages 
the  following 
circular,  and 
which  w  a  s 
placed  in  the 
hand  of  everv 
teacher. 

Some  of 
t  h  e  county 
superintend- 
ents arrang- 
ed a  pro- 
g  r  a  ni  n  o  t 
leaving  it  as 
we  d  i  d  to 
their  own  vo- 
lit  i  on  and 
good  judge- 
ment. 

"  If  there 
is  one  duty 
more  t  h  a  n 
another    and 

J.    K.    GORE.    SCHOOL    COMMISSIONEK.  wllich         O  U  r 


W..\RREN    STREET    SCHOOL. 

worthy  State  Superintendent  and  Board  of  Education  would 
impress  upon  their  County  Superintendents  in  the  administration 
of  the  laws  governing  the  public  schools  under  their  immedi- 
ate supervision,  it  is  the  faithful  observance  of  what  is  known  as 
Arbor  Day. 

"  That  I  may  second  their  desires  so  far  as  in  me  lies.  I  would 
urgently  request  the  principals  and  teacher  of  all  the  public 
schools  under  my  care,  to  see  to  it.  that  the  intent  of  the  origi- 
nators and  introducers  of  this  important  branch  of  education 
into  our  public  school  curriculum  of  study,  shall  not  only  not 
be  neglected, 
but  shall  be 
faithful!  car- 
ried out  and 
made  as  thor- 
oughly im- 
pressive upon 
the  minds  of 
the  young  as 
i  s  possible. 
T  he  more 
practical  you 
can  make  the 
exercises  the 
better.  By 
this  1  mean 
the  introduc- 
tion into  the 
school  room 
of  as  many  of 
the  accessor- 
ies to  the  de- 
monstrative 
[)  1  a  n        of 


H.    M.    WOOLM.^N,    M.    D.,    SCHOOL    COMMISSIONEK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


9S 


instruction,  such  as  plants,  shrubs  and  young  trees, 
as  possible.  This,  accompanied  by  a  few  short 
practical  remarks  on  the  nature  and  growth  of  the 
same,  with  their  relation  and  value  to  the  human 
race,  will  prove  attractive  and  instructive.  Arbor 
Day  having  been  wisely  and  happily  ti.xed  at  the 
season  of  the  year  when  everything  in  nature  is 
young,  or  clothed  in  the  garb  of  youth,  it  makes  a 
starting  point  for  the  study  of  the  first  easy  practi- 
cal lessons  in  Botany.  What  I  would  urge  upon 
teachers,  is,  that  wherever  it  is  possible  the  pupils 
who  are  of  the  age  to  understand  should  be  taken 
into  the  fields  once  a  week;  at  least  from  now  til' 
the  close  of  the  term,  and  simple  demonstrative 
lectures  in  elementary  botany  be  given.  To  have 
the  pleasure  of  looking  upon  their  promising  little 
ones  romping  over  the  fields  by  the  side  of  their 
teacher,  (veritable  flocks  with  shepherds  attending), 
will  send  a  thrill  of  joy  through  the  devoted  parent's 
heart. 

"As  in  the  years  gone  by,  1  direct  only,  that  there 
shall  be  a  full  and  faithful  observance  of  the  day, 
and  suggest  the  program  of  e.xercises  to  be  carried 
out,  leaving  to  principals  and  teachers  the  election 
of  appropriate   addresses,  music  and   songs ;  then 
conclude  the   day's  observance  with  the  planting  of  trees   and 
shrubs,  the  potting  of  plants  and  flowers;  this  I  trust  none  will 
neglect.     I    hope  you  will  make  this  an  ideal  Arbor  Day,  an 
oasis  indeed   in  the  history  and  conduct  of  the  school  under 
your  care,  to  which  you  can  turn  in  the  future  and  truthfully  say. 
well  done  !     Having  completed  your  exercsises  and  taken  that 
rest  necessary  for   recuperation,  which  will    necessarily   follow 
the  extra  mental  and  physical  strain,  you  will  write  out  a  con- 
cise report  of  your  Arbor  Day  exercises,  and  send  it  to  me  not 
more  than  five  days  afterward. 

Respectfully, 

DR.  M.  H.  C.  VAIL, 

County  Superintendent. 
"  P.  S. — Let   me   urge  upon   you  the  necessily  of   a  careful 
guardianship  of  the  trees,  shrubs  and  flowers  planted  on  Arbor 

Day,     as     I 

have    reason 

y-'"'  "  to   fear     that 

man\-  beauti- 
f  u  1  repre- 
sentatives are 
rlestroyed 
soon  after 
planting." 

Another  in- 
novation, one 
which  has 
p  rove  n  of 
wonderful 
utility  to  pub- 
lic schools, 
and  a  desid- 
eratum long 
sought,  is  the 
^  beautiful  sys- 

tem of  edu- 
cation for  the 

'^^_ --'^  beginner, 

known  as  the 
c.  CL.\KK.  SCHOOL  COMMISSIONER.  Kindergar- 


MdXMdUlH    STREET    SCHOOL. 

ten.  No  visitor  to  the  public  school  of  this  day  fails  to  be  charmed 
at  the  first  step  of  his  progress  through  the  maze  of  depart- 
ments and  rooms,  iuto  each  of  which  he  is  ushered  on  a  tour 
of  inspection,  as  first  of  all  his  or  her  attention  is  called  to  the 
little  tots  of  from  five  to  seven  summers  assembled  in  the  kin- 
dergarten room,  where  in  orderly  play  they  wile  the  hours  away, 
and  besides  education  getting  made  easy  they  learn  to  adore 
the  school.  Few  sights  are  more  interesting  than  that  which 
the  kindergarten  class  presents  while  engaged  in  accomplishing 
the  task  of  education  getting.  The  kindergarten  innovation  is 
another  of  those  moderns  which  have  come  to  stay,  and  all  the 
old  fogies  in  the  land  vifith  birchen  rod  and  heavy  hand,  will 
never  be  able  to  drive  it  away. 

As  early  as  1892,  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, Dr.  Poland,  was  constrained  in  his  annual  report,  while 
discussing  this  system  of  early  instruction  to  ])U])ils  who  are 
just  passing  through  the  susceptible  age  of  ■'  bib  and  tucker  "  to 
speak  as  follows : 

"Among  the  most  recent  innovations  witnessed  in  the  public 
schools  of  the 
country,  the  kinder- 
garten is  perhaps 
the  most  important. 
As  a  system  it  aims 
to  provide  suitable 
tuition  and  training 
for  children  from 
four  to  six  years  of 
age,  too  young  in 
general  to  enter 
upon  the  curricu- 
lum provided  by 
most  of  our  elemen- 
tary schools.  With- 
out attempting  an 
explanation  of  its 
distinctive  aims  and 
methods,  I  will  say 
simply  that  it  differs 
from     the     current       m.  b.  pruder,  school  co.mmissio.sek 


96 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


priinaiy  school  traiiiini;  in  laying  little  stress  upon  cultivating 
a  knowledge  of  reading  and  of  numbers,  but  confines  itself  to  a 
systematic  development  of  the  observing  powers  and  a  corres- 
ponding facility  in  expression.  Not  the  least  important,  mure- 
over,  is  its  remarkable  adaptation  for  the  development  in  the 
child  of  a  moral  sense.  As  a  means  of  preparation  for  the 
ordinary  elementary  school  curriculum  it  stands  unrivaled.  It 
is  asserted  by  those  who  through  e.vperience  with  its  workings 
are  competent  to  pass  a  judgement  thereon,  that  the  kindergar- 
ten training  shortens  materially  the  time  necessary  to  com- 
plete the  usual  primary  and  grammar  school  course  of  study. 
Aside,  then,  from  the  fact  that  the  training  itself  is  of  almost 
incalculable  value,  its  general  introduction    would  becoine    an 


directed  to  the  uprooting  of  vicious  habits  acquired  in  these 
years  of  evil  tuition  in  homes  of  ignorance,  if  not  of  vice,  and  in 
the  baneful  companionship  of  the  sidewalks  and  gutter. 

"Remarkable  as  it  may  appear,  however,  the  kindergarten  is 
of  hardly  less  value  to  the  children  of  the  rich  than  to  those 
of  the  poor,  the  ignorant  and  the  vicious.  It  provides  a  little 
cosmos  wherein  rich  and  poor  meet  on  equal  terms.  It  aims  to 
cultivate  besides  the  intellectual  powers  the  nice  |)receptions  of 
right,  justice  and  equality,  .\t  an  age  when  distinctions  of 
right  and  wrong,  if  not  intellectually  perceived,  are  nevertheless 
clearly  felt  and  iiulcllibly  impressed,  the  child  life  is  gi\en  a 
direction  and  impetus  that  will  save  it  often  the  danger  of  sub- 
sec|uent  contamination. 


•llli'it 


isiinii 


nnr^n  ifiiiiinriiinniii 


y.;;[liilki.JII 

II^^Ejiiirtllili! 


CHARLTON  STREET  SCHOOL. 


ec ononiy  to  the  State  which  is  called  upon  to  ]irovide  instruc- 
tion through  the  whole  period  of  the  school  age. 

"  Its  chief  merit,  however,  is  not  to  be  ascribed  to  its 
economic  value  in  the  foregoing  sense,  but  to  its  remarkable 
adaptation  to  the  age  and  environments  of  the  child  to  develop 
those  incipient  powers  that  begin  to  display  themselves  at  the 
age  of  four  to  six  years. 

"  No  more  pitiable  sight  is  to  be  witnessed  than  that  of  little 
children  of  the  kinderg.irten  age.  deprived  of  pleasant  homes 
and  careful  nurture,  si)eniiing  the  hours  of  the  day  upon  the 
sidewalks  and  in  the  streets  of  our  large  cities.  To  these  the 
kindergarten  is  a  boom  of  inexjiressible  joy  and  of  incalculable 
value. 

"Much  of   the  early  training   of   the    elementary  schools    is 


"  It  is  my  pleasant  duty  to  report  that  the  growth  and  exten- 
sion of  the  kindergarten  idea  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  though 
somewhat  slow,  is  none  the  less  steady  and  hopeful.  In  thir- 
teen of  the  twenty-one  counties  of  the  State  it  has  gained  a 
foothold, 

•■  True,  in  a  number  of  cases  the  kindergarten  training 
introduced  is  not  the  true  kindergarten,  but  what  is  known  as 
mixed  kindergarten,  including  more  or  less  of  ordinary  primary 
instruction;  but  in  all  the  counties  mentioned  it  is  recognized 
as  a  part  of  the  school  system.  The  whole  number  of  children 
in  attendance  at  the  date  of  this  report  (1897)  was  4.300. 
This,  however,  is  an  excessive  estimate,  since  it  includes  besides 
those  who  are  being  taught  in  the  kindergarten  proper  many 
in    the    so-called    mixed    kindergartens,  wherein    the    principal 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


97 


stress  is  laid  upon  llie  ordinary  elementary 
school  instruction.  A  careful  estimate  of  the 
number  of  children  attending  the  real  kinder- 
garten would  not  exceed  1,500,  it  is  likely. 

"  The  minimum  age  at  which  children  are 
received  into  these  kindergartens  is  five  years. 
The  Stale  law,  which  fixes  the  school  age  at  five 
to  twenty  years,  inclusive,  prohibits  the  attend- 
ance of  children  of  a  lesser  age.  In  order,  there- 
fore, to  encourage  the  establishment  of  more 
kindergartens,  and  to  enable  them  to  accomplish 
their  best  service,  some  legislation  is  needed. 

"As  to  the  cost  of  the  kindergartens  now 
being  maintained,  no  s.ilisfactory  statistics  are 
at  present  attainable,  ft  is  encouraging  to 
know  that  in  the  cities  and  school  districts 
where  the  kindergarten  has  been  longest  in 
operation,  it  is  most  highly  appreciated." 

Although,  as  above  stated  by  the  learned 
doctor,  there  were  kindergarten  classes  estab- 
lished in  but  little  more  than  half  the  counties 
of  our  State,  and  in  less  than  half  the  schools  in 
those  counties  where  this  beautiful  institution 
had  gained  a  foothold,  had  this  scion  of  educa- 
tional royalty  been  grafted,  to-day  the  school 
without  t!ie  kindergarten  instructor  surroundeil 
by  the  happy  wee's  of  the  human  race,  is  the 
rarest  kind  of  an  excejition. 

TWELFTH  WARD  GERMAN  AND  ENGLISH  SCHOOL. 

THIS  school  was  founded  Dec,  1S38.  The  building  is  a 
two  story  brick  structure,  70  x  30  feet,  situated  at  the 
corner  of  Niagara  and  f-^lizabeth  Streets,  on  ;i  plot  of  ground 
100  X  90  feet,  and  is  valued  at  about  $'  2,000.  It  contains  three 
class-rooms  and  a  kindergaaten,  and  prepares  the  children  for 
entrance  to  the  High  School.  The  present  number  of  pupils 
being  two  huntlred,  the  charges  are  eighty  cents  per  month  for 
each  child  in  the  kindergarten,  and  one  dollar  ])er  head  for  those 
in  the  higher  classes. 

Where  three  children  of  one  famdy  attend  school  at  the  same 
time,  the  thiid  is  admitted  free.     A  collector  is  appointed  by 


FORES  r    HILL   .SCHOOL. 


SOUTH  ei(;hth  street  school. 

the  School  Association  to  collect  the  money.  The  present 
principal,  Mr.  Eugene  Rahm,  isa  thoroughly  educated  gentleman 
and  a  musician,  having  been  connected  with  the  school  for  the 
past  four  years.  He  is  ably  assisted  by  Miss  Carson  and  Miss 
F'arrington  as  teachers  of  fCnglish.  and  Miss  Marie  Zehnder, 
who  has  charge  of  the  kindergarten.  The  Men's  Society  con- 
nected with  the  school,  is  composed  cf  370  members  who  are 
all  well  known  and  enterprising  citizens.  The  quarterly  dues 
are  seventy-five  cents.  The  present  oHicers  are:  J.  Burkhard, 
President;  J.  Spuhler,  \'ice-President ;  J.  (loldbach.  Treasurer; 
H.  Kabke,  Secretary  ;  Fr.  Lembach,  Financial  Secretary.  The 
Ladies' Association  has  a  membership  of  130.  Their  dues  are 
fifteen  cents  per  month.  The  officers  are:  Mrs.  M.  .s'obbe, 
Presitlent ;  .Mrs.  A.  lUirkhard,  Vice-President; 
Mrs.  C.  Burkhard,  Treasurer  ;  Miss  M.  Zehnder. 
.Secretary.  The  school  is  in  a  lloinishing  con- 
dition and  free  of  debt. 

THE   NEWARK   STREET  GERMAN   AND 
ENGLISH    SCHOOL. 

THIS  school  was  founded  on  April  24,  1853. 
The  building  is  a  two  story  high  frame 
house  with  a  little  tower  on  its  center.  The 
lot  is  60  X  100  feet.  The  value  of  the  property, 
including  the  school  furniture,  amounts  to  $6,500. 
The  school  has  tw^o  classes  and  rooms  for  the 
teacher's  residence.  The  number  of  pupils  vary 
between  70  and  90.  The  .school  money  is 
sixty  cents  for  each  pupil.  Dr.  Fritz  Kempf  is 
the  principal  of  the  institution.  Miss  Emdie 
Temme  instructs  in  the  kindergarten.  To  the 
School  Society  belong  [47  members.  The 
yearly  assessment  of  each  member  is  $1.20. 
The  same  amount  is  paid  by  the  41  members 
of  the  Ladies'  Society.  The  Board  of  Directors 
are  the  followiug  gentlemen  :  A.  F.  Burkhardt, 
President ;    Peter   Vetter,   Vice-President ;  Paul 


98 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /..  JLLUSTRATED. 


Karge,  Secretary  ;  Chas.  Weller,  Treasurer. 
Martin  Bross,  John  Kreiller  and  Julius  Sager 
are  the  visiting  members. 

The  officers  of  the  Ladies'  Society  are  :  Mrs. 
John  Noll.  President  ;  Mrs.  Beiii,  Secrelar\  and 
Mrs.  John  Sanvers.  Treasuier.  Tlie  school  is 
free  from  debt.     \'acation.  two  weeks. 

GREEN    STREET    SCHOOL. 

THIS  renowned  institute,  located  in  the 
centre  of  the  city,  was  incorporared  in 
1S56.  It  comprises  a  kindergarten,  a  primary 
and  a  grammar  department.  The  rooms  are 
light  and  well  ventilated.  In  a  seven  years' 
course  the  i)upils  are  prepared  for  the  public 
high  school.  I3esides  the  common  English 
studies  the  (".ernian  language  and  gymnastics 
are  taught.  A  librar)'  of  over  600  volumes  is  in 
the  reach  of  the  pupils. 

The  tuition  is  exceedingly  low.  The  facult\ 
consists  of  nine  teachers  besides  the  principal. 
Director,  H.  von  der  Heide,  Pd.  M. 


TWKLITH    WARIl    i;KKM.\N    .-^NU    ENGLISH    SLHl"l|.. 


BEACON     ST     GERMAN    AND     ENGLISH     SCHOOL. 

THIS  school  was  founded  by  the  "  Deutsch-Englischen 
Schul-Verein  "  of  the  old  si.\th  and  thirteenth  Wards,  in 
1S5S.  IScing  attended  by  360  pupils,  it  is  the  largest  German 
and  English  School  in  New  Jersey.  About  75  of  the  children 
are  in  the  kindergarten,  where  they  are  instructed  and  educated 
according  to  the  princijiles  of  Frochel.  The  remainder  is 
divided  into  five  classes.  The  following  studies  are  taught  by 
seven  teachers  (including  the  director):  English  Language, 
Reading,  Writing.  Spelling.  Grammar,  Object  Teaching,  Com- 
position, German  Language.  Arithmetic,  Geography,  History, 
Natural  Science,  Drawing  and  Music.  The  tuition  amounts  to 
$1  2.00  per  year.  At  the  head  of  the  school  is  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors, elected  by  the  School  Society  (Schulverein).  The  present 
Board  consists  of:  Henry  Schaedel,  President;  Philip  Dilly, 
Vice-President;  Dr.  ICdward  111,  Treasurer;  August  GOertz, 
Secretary;  Fred  Jacob,  Financial  Secretary;  Dr.  F.  111.  fohn 
Fisher,  John  Henning  and  John  Conrad. 


r 


I  N  I. 


NEWARK    STREET   GERMAN    AND    ENGLISH    SCHOOL 


When  we  take  into  consideration  the  number  of  German- 
I'.nglish  Schools  existing  in  Newark,  we  coiiie  to  the  conviction 
that  the  thought  w'hich  the  poet  wished  to  impress  upon  tin- 
mindsof  the  Germans  of  America,  has  sunk  deep  into  their  hearts. 

These  people  may  drift  apart  in  regard  to  religious  or  polili-  il 
cal  views,  but  in  one  idea  they  extend  hands ;  they  provide  '1 
schools  in  which  the  treasures  of  the  German  language  arr 
preserved  for  their  children.  Occasionally  we  meet  with  rare 
cases,  in  which  wealthy  Germans  neglect  the  etiucation  of  their 
children  in  the  mother  tongue,  but  it  is  singularly  touching  on 
the  other  hand  to  note  how  the  greater  part  of  the  less  fortu- 
nate class,  are  willing  to  make  any  sacrifice  in  order  to  grant 
their  offspring  an  education  in  the  German  language.  That 
this  is  true  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  no  less  than  fourteen  Ger- 
man-English Schools  exist  in  thiscity  at  the  present  time,  in  which 
over  thirty-seven  hundred  children  receive  instruction  in  their 
mother  tongue. 

It  certainly  is  to  the  interest  of  our  German-English  Schools, 
when  our  attention  is  occasionally  called  to  it  anew  , 
and  for  this    reason  a    few   statistics   about    these  11 
schools  will  be  here  given.  I 

ST.  benedict's  school, 
Situated  at  the  corner  of  Komorn  and  Niagar.i 
Streets,  was  founded  in  1862.  The  present  build- 
ing, erected  in  18S5,  is  three  stories  high,  the  first 
floor  containing  two  class-iooms,  and  the  second, 
three.  Besides  this,  we  find  on  the  ground  fioor 
a  ])lay-ground  large  enough  to  accomodate  500 
children,  and  two  rooms  in  which  the  pupils  han;; 
articles  of  clothing.  The  third  story  contains  :i 
spacious  hall,  in  which  festivities  are  held.  Another 
large  play-ground  adjoins  the  building.  There  arc 
450  children  attending  the  school,  wdio  receive  in- 
struction in  five  different  classes.  The  terms  pci 
month  for  each  child  in  the  advanced  classes  an- 
ninety-five  cents,  in  the  lower  grades  sixty-fi\i 
cents.  The  director  of  the  school  is  the  Ke\ . 
Father  Leonard  Walter.  The  teachers  are  Mr. 
Joseph  Sauerborn  and  four  Sisters  of  the  .St.  II. 
Order. 

They    are    the    Misses     Matilda     Krapf,    Hikny 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


99 


Wiest,  Liboiia  Hartmaiiti  and  Rosemary  Malone. 
The  society  connected  with  the  school  has  a 
membership  of  230.  The  contributions  made 
by  the  gentlemen  toward  the  support  of  the 
school,  are  twenty-five  cents  per  month.  The 
ladies  pay  fifteen  cents  every  month.  The 
Board  of  Directors  consist  of  the  following; 
jrentlemen  :  Messers  L.  Peter,  President ;  A 
Steines,  Vice-President ;  J.  F.  VVildemann,  Kec 
Sec'y ;  H.  Martin,  Cor.  Sec'y ;  A.  Bernauer. 
Fin.  Sec'v  ;  J.  Bernauer,  Treasurer,  and  J.  Span- 
genberger,  Porter.  During  vacation — July  anil 
August — tlie  school  is  closed. 

THE  GERMAN-ENGLISH  PRES.  nAV-SCHOdI, 
Was  founded  in  the  )ear  1854,  and  situated  at 
No.  38  College  Place.  This  two  story  building 
has  a  dimension  of  80  .\  40  feet ;  the  entire  prop- 
erty has  a  dimension  of  100  x  i  50  feet.  Con- 
nected with  the  school,  is  a  hall  50  x  100  feet, 
containing  a  library  and  dressing-room.  The 
properly  is  valued  at  $50,000.  There  are  240 
children  attending  the  school.  The  terms  are 
eighty  cents  per  month  for  one  child.  In  the 
three  class-rooms  we  find  the  following  instruc- 
tors: Prof.  Gustave  Fisher,  Mr.  E.  Rielhmann  and  Mrs.  J. 
Geppert.  The  kindergarten  is  in  charge  of  the  Misses  C. 
Brandley,  L.  Knoll  and  A.  Anschuetz.  The  Board  of  Directors 
consists  of  the  Messers  Rev.  J.  A.  Guenther,  President ;  J. 
Franz,  G.  Weber,  H.  Staehle,  C.  Metzger  and  C.  Wolf.  The 
school  is  free  from  debt. 

.ST.  PETER'S  SCHOOL. 
This  school,  begining  with  sixteen  pupils  March  8,  1S85,  is 
to-day  one  of  the  largest  attended  of  the  German-English 
Schools.  The  plans  for  the  principle  building,  146  x  80  feel, 
situated  on  Livingston  Street,  contains  ten  class-rooms,  and  a 
hall  having  a  seating  capacity  for  Soo  persons.  An  adjoining 
building  on  Belmont  Avenue  contains  five  class-rooms,  a  hall 
for  societies  to  hold  their  meetings  in,  and  a  dwelling  place  for 
the  janitor.  In  the  fourteen  class-rooms,  together  with  the 
kindergarten,  upwards  of  eleven  hundred  children  receive  in- 
struction. The  rooms  are  divided  into  seven  classes  for  boys, 
and  the  same  number  of  classes  for  the  girls. 

The    terms  are  fiftv   cents  per  month   for  each   child.     The 
poor  receive  an  education  free  of  charge  at  the  expense  of  the 

parish.  The  school 
is  under  the  direc- 
tion and  control  of 
R  e  \-.  Father 
Stecher,  and  the 
Sisters  of    Charity. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE'S 
SCHOOL. 
This  school  was 
founded  in  1874. 
The  two  story  build- 
ing is  situated  in 
Jay  Street  n  e  a  r 
Sussex  Avenue. 
Its  dimensions  are 
74  X  32  feet,  and  is 
valued  at  §12,600, 
including  the  build- 
ing together  with 
the   four  lots    sur- 


DR.    A.    FRITZ    KEMP. 


r.EACON   .STREET    GERMAN    ANi:)    ENGLISH    SCHOOL. 

rounding  it.  There  are  four  class-rooms  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  more  than  three  hundred  children.  The  school  is  in 
charge  of  Rev.  Father  Neidermeyer  and  the  Sisters  of  Charily. 

1!ER(;EN   STREET    PAROCHIAL   SCHOOL, 
In  which  instruction  is  given  in  German  alone  by  Mr.  Flocken. 
The  school  consists  of  one  class,  and  is  situated  in  the  rear  of 
St.  Paul's  Church.     The  school  fees  constitute  the  salary  of  the 
teacher. 

ST.    ANNE'S    SCHOOL, 

Situated  at  No.  376  South  Seventh  Street,  is  the  youngest  of 
her  sister  schools,  having  been  organized  September  I,  l8Sg. 
This  school-house  is  90  feet  long  and  46  feet  wide  and  con- 
tains four  class-rooms,  in  which  240  children  receive  instruction 
in  eight  different  divisions,  from  five  Dominican  Friar  Sisters. 
The  director  of  this  school  is  the  Rev.  Father  A.  M.  Kanimer. 

THE    PLUM    STREET   GERMAN-ENGLISH   SCHOOL. 

This  school  was  founded  in  1876.     There  are  two  class-rooms 
situated      i  n 
the  basement 
of  the  church. 

The  num- 
ber of  child- 
ren attending 
t  h  e  school^ 
have  in  con- 
sequence of 
unfavorable 
circumstan- 
ces in  busi- 
ness within 
the  last  five 
years,  been 
reduced  from 
60  to  35. 

On  account 
of  this  there 
is  but  one 
c  1  ass-room. 
The  terms  , 
per  week  are 


EUGENE    KAHM. 


lOO 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


fifteen  cents  for  one  child.  As 
the  requisite  ineans  to  appoint 
a  teacher  are  not  at  hand,  in- 
struction is  given  by  the  pastor. 
Rev.  Mr.  Girtanner,  assisted  by 
.Mt.    Theophil    Girtanner. 


K.n\V.\KD    ZCSI,    SCHOOL    COMMISSION  KK, 


two,  which  .ire  still  using  the  old  style  of  stoves 
Gernian-Knglisli  School,  and  the  Catholic  Schools,  have  definite 
teriiis  for  admitting  new  pupils  into  the  schools.  In  the  re- 
maining schools  new  pupils  are  granted  admittance  at  all  times 
during  the  year. 

A  collector  is  appointed  by  the  First  Ward  and  Green  Street 
Schools,  to  collect  the  school  money.  In  the  other  schools  the 
fees  are  collected  in  the  school  by  the  teachers.  All  the  pupils 
are  supplied  with  printed  l)ooks  without  cost,  by  the  First  and 
Tenth  Ward  German-English  Schools,  and  the  poor  children 
are  furnished  with  books  free  of  charge  in  the  German-English 
Parochial  Schools  of  this  city.  The  following  schools  received 
a  legacy  fmni  Mrs.  Or.  Grciner.  who  died  in  the  year  18S9.  The 
First  Ward  Cierman-English  School,  the  Tenth  Ward  German- 
English  School  and  the  Newark  Street  School,  ^2,000  apiece;  the 
Green  Street  School  and  Beacon  Street  School,  each  $2,500. 


The  school  principals  have 
entire  charge  of  the  schools,  and 
either  act  in  the  capacity  of,  or 
have  control  of  the  janitors,  who 
have  comfortable  apartments 
fitted  up  for  their  families  in 
the  upper  stories  of  the  different 
school  buildings.  Public  exami- 
nations are  held  annually  at  the 
closing  of  the  school  year,  by 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  in 
the  parish  schools  the  examina- 
tion is  conducted  by  a  commis- 
sion appointed  by  the  Kt.  Rev. 
Bishop  of  the  diocese. 

The  school  buildings  are 
neatly  fitted  and  are  heated  by 
steam,  with  the  exception  of 
The  12th  W.I rd 


CARL    IIF.LLKK,    I'kl  .\(  I  l'.\L. 


Mr.  Hockenjos,  who  died  in  1S91,  beciueathed  $500  to  the 
Green  Street  School;  Mrs.  Ottendorfer,  of  New  York,  pre- 
sented Green  and  Beacon  Street  Schools,  in  the  year  1S83,  with 
$500  apiece.  Mr.  Joseph  Hensler,  Sen.,  presents  the  Twelfth 
Ward  School  $5°  annually,  and  during  the  past  three  years  the 
amount  was  raised  to  $100.  Green  Street  School  prepares  her 
pupils  for  entrance  to  High  School.  St.  Benedict's  School  pre- 
pares her  boys  for  admittance  to  St.  Benedict's  College,  which 
adjoins  the  school.  In  case  the  children  in  the  highest  divisions 
of  the  remaining  schools,  wish  to  enter  public  schools  they  are 
advanced  to  the  highest  grades  in  these  schools. 

Instruction  in  reading  in  German,  as  well  as  in  English,  is 
introduced  by  means  of  the  Phonetic  system,  in  the  following 
schools:  St.  Benedict's,  loth  Ward  German-English,  St.  Peter's 
and  Beacon  Street.  In  the  remaining  schools  reading  is  taught 
either  phonetically  in    German  or   by  the  spelling   method    in 


\V.    M.    r.-\KSONS,    SCHOOL   COMMISSIONER. 


English,  or  else  it  is  taught  by  the 
spelling  method  m  both  languages. 
The  word  method,  for  instance,  in 
the  Beacon  Street  School  wdiere 
German  is  taught,  and  the  Green 
Street  School  and  the  Prebyterian 
Day-School  on  College  Place  where 
English  is  taught,  the  Phonetic  sys- 
tem or  the  spelling  method  is  em- 
ployed. 

Instruction  in  English  is  taught 
in  connection  with  the  German 
fiom  the  lowest  classes  up.  In  the 
I'resb)terian  Church  School,  in- 
struction in  English  begins  in  the 
second  class.  In  all  the  parochial 
schools  the  children  receive  instruc- 
tion in  classes.  In  the  other 
schools,  on  the  olher  hand,  instruc- 
tion is  given  in  different  depart- 
ments. In  all  the  parochial  schools 
religious  instruction  is  imparted- 
This  is  omitted  in  the  other 
schools. 


J.    J.    KRONENBERGEK,  SCHOOL   COMMISSIONER. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


101 


WAVERLY   AVENUE   SCHOOL. 

THE  Wavetiy  Avenue  School,  erected  in 
1891-92,  is  a  primary  school  of  eight 
class-rooms,  accoinmodating  4S0  pupils,  and 
was  opened  October  20,  1892.  The  value 
of  the  site  is  $9,000  and  of  the  building 
and  furniture  $25,000.  The  school  is  located 
on  Waverly  Avenue,  between  Bergen  and 
Kipp  Streets,  and  commands  a  tine  view  of 
the  city,  and  of  Newaik  Bay.  Bayonne.  Eliza- 
bethport,  Staten  Island.  New  York  Bay  and  the 
Bartholdi  Statue.  This  grand  view  is  a  daily 
inspiration  to  those  whose  good  fortune  it  is  to 
attend  the  school. 

In  reference  to  the  organization  of  this  school, 
the  Sundiiv  Call  of  August  28,  1892,  contains 
the  following:  "Miss  E.  H.  Belcher,  who,  for 
several  years  has  acted  as  vice-principal  of  the 
Commerce  Street  School,  was  on  Friday  night 
put  in  temporary  charge  of  the  new  Waverly 
.Avenue  School.  She  is  to  organize  it,  and  then 
the  teachers'  committee  will  decide  whether  it 
needs  a  male  principal.  Miss  Belcher  is  one  of 
the  most  efficient  teachers  in  the  city,  and  is 
recognized  as  such  throughout  almost  the  entire 
teaching  force.  If  she  is  able  to  satisfactorily 
organize  the  new  school  and  place  it  on  a 
smooth  running  basis,  the  (juestion  may  justly 
be  asked  :  '  Why  is  she  not  competent  to  con- 
tinue in  cliarge,  and  not  surrender  her  post, 
when  she  has  accomplished  one  of  the  most 
dilificult  parts  of  the  work .' '  It  is  quite  prob- 
able, however,  that  the  teachers'  committee  will  favor  keeping 
her  in  charge  of  the  school,  for  the  first  term  at  least,  and 
most  likely  for  the  entire  school  year." 

Miss    Belcher  was   appointed    principal.  May  i,   1893. 

The  original  corps  of  teachers  was :  Miss  E.  L.  Melick, 
Miss  C.  D.  Schieck,  Miss  L.  Graham,  Miss  S.  H.  Vieser, 
Miss  S.  E.  Mason  and  Miss  A.  B.  Johnson.  This  was  in- 
creased in  the  spring  of  1893,  by  the  appointment  of  Miss  F. 
M.  Burtchaell  and  Miss  M.  A.  Willoughby.  Afterward,  Miss 
Johnson  and  Miss  Mason  resigned,  and  were  succeeded  by 
Miss    M.  E.  Dunham  and  Miss  A.  B.  Van    Arnam. 

In  passing  through  the  class-rooms,  one  is  impressed  with 
tlie  happy  spirit  that  pervades  the  entire  school.  At  the  same 
time,  faithful  work  is  done  by  both  teachers  and  pupils.  That 
this  work  has  given  satisfaction  to  those  in  authority,  may  be 
seen  froin  the  following  letters,  recently  received  : 

"  Newark,  N.  J.,  July  25.  1S96. 
"  My  dear  Miss  Belcher: 

"I  desire  to  express  my  great  appreciation  of  your  successful 
work  as  principal,  in  the  organization,  under  very  many  and 
serious  enibariassments,  of  the  Waverly  Avenue  School.  Few 
know  the  diflficulties  that  surrounded  the  school  at  its  opening. 
These  were  all  ])roniptly  and  effectually  overcome,  and  a'l 
the  class-rooms  filled  to  the  last  seat.  The  school  has  been 
eminently  successful  in  all  respects.  I  cannot  omit  especially 
commending  the  disci|)line,  as  to  its  method  and  influence. 
These  are  of  the  highest  order.  The  same  can  be  said  of  the 
methods  of  instruction.  I  consider  the  school  an  honor  to  the 
city  and  the  cause  of  education. 

"  With  many  good  wishes  I  remain, 
■'  Yours  truly, 

"  Wm.  N.  Barringer,  City  Supt." 


WAVERLY   AVENUE   SCHOOL. 


The  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  writes  as 
follows  : 

"  Newark,  N.  ].,  M.iy  15,  1S96. 
"My  dear  Miss  Belcher: 

"  In  retiring  from  the  City  Board  of  Education,  after  many 
years  of  service.  I  want  to  congratulate  you  on  your  success  as 
the  l^rincipal  of  Waverly  Avenue  School.  Through  the  years 
of  your  faithful  work,  as  a  teacher  and  vice-principal,  you  had 
demonstrated  the  fact  of  your  ability  to  take  the  supervision  of 
a  school,  as  principal;  and  I  remember  my  gratification,  when 
the  Board  of  Education  appointed  you  to  your  present  position. 

"I  never  could  understand  the  reasoning  that  occasionally 
prevails  among  school  authorities,  that  while  a  woman  is  in- 
valuable to  organize  a  new  school,  and  put  it  in  good  working 
order  a  man  is  necessary  as  its  permanent  principal.  Your 
success  is  an  illustration  of  the  error  of  such  reasoning.  I  am 
gratified  to  have  had  a  part  in  your  first,  as  well  as  your  per- 
manent appointment  to  the  principalship  of  your  excellent 
school.  Your  work  has  given  satisfaction  to  the  patrons  of  the 
school  and  to  the  Board  of  Education.  I  wish  you  and  your 
faithful  assistants  continued  and  increased  success,  and  I 
remain, 

"  Ycry  respectfully  yours, 

"  James  I..  Hays." 

The  success  that  has  been  attained  may  be  attributed  to  the 
perfect  harmony  existing  between  teachers  and  principal ;  to 
the  co-operation  of  the  parents  and  teachers ;  and  to  the  ever 
helpful  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Education. 


It)'. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ST.  JOHN'S   SCHOOL 

IN  1833,  the  late  \\\y  Kev.  I'atiick  Moraii. 
fouiKle<l  St.  John's  Scliool.  Father  Moian 
is  known  as  tlie  first  V'icar  General,  and  is  desii,f- 
nated  as  the  father  of  Catholii  ity,  in  the 
Diocess  of  Newark. 

lie  was  a  thor()u.i;hly  e<hicated  man,  possessed 
L;ood  jud<;enient,  a  refined  and  correct  taste,  and 
his  slerlinfj  qualities  aided  in  removing  the 
|ired|uihce  that  e.\isted  in  his  time.  For  nearly 
thirly-lliree  years  he  laboi-ed  zealously  in  up- 
lifting; his  people  and  ad\ancing  the  cause  of 
eduraiion   among  those  committed   to  his   care. 

M.niv  noted  citizens,  both  in  the  ranks  of  the 
clergy  :iu<l  kiilv,  liave  been  pupils  in  this  old 
time  honoretl  scliool  plant.  Rev.  J.  V.  I'oels. 
now  in  charge  of  St.  John's  School,  is  most 
/e.-dous  in  the  cause  of  education.  Since  his 
advent  into  the|iaiish  in  iiii;^,  the  school  build- 
ing which  is  shown  in  the  illustrations,  h.is  been 
renovated  and  embellished,  and  shows  many 
signs  of  renewed  life. 

Father  Foels  is  a  num  of  great  executive 
ability;  inider  his  adunnistr.ition  the  Sisters  of 
St.  Jose])h  have  charge  of  the  school,  and  they 
also  conduct  a  select  school,  which  has  been 
erected  in  the  rear  of  the  convent. 


ST.     JAMES'      PAROCHIAL     SCHOOL. 

THl.S  school  was  founded  in  the  year  1855, 
bv  the  Rev.  James  Callan.  Father  Callan  w.as  a  highly 
educated  man,  a  tine  orator  and  rhetorician,  full  of  energy  and 
untiring  in  his  labors  to  the  educational  interests  of  those  com- 
mitted to  his  care.  In  1S61,  he  was  succeeded  bv  the  Re\'. 
James  M.  Gervais,  under  whose  management  the  present   sub- 


ST.    J.^lMES'    I'AkOCHIAI,    SCHOOL. 


ST.   JOHN  S    PAROCHI.\L    SCHOOL. 

st.uitial  and  elegant  school  edifice  was  erected.  Father  Ger\ais 
was  a  marvel  in  his  day,  and  surprised  the  clergy  and  laity  in 
successfully  constructing  the  church  school  and  hospital, 
which  is  an  orn.uuent  to  the  city  and  a  credit  to  the  diocese  of 
Newark.     In    1873,  the    Rev.   I'.  Cody,  the  present  incumbent, 

was  appointed  rector.  .Since 
the  advent  of  Father  Cody  the 
affairs  of  St.  James'  parish  have 
prospered.  Under  his  able  and 
wise  super\ision,  the  great 
mulertakings  of  his  ])redecessor 
have  been  brought  to  a  success- 
ful completion. 

The  school  which  appears  in 
the  illustrations  on  this  page,  is 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  city, 
and  demonstrates  the  fact,  that 
Father  Cody  is  an  educator  of 
practical  experience.  Under 
his  direction,  the  immense 
brown-stone  structure  fronting 
on  Madison  and  Elm  Streets 
has  been  completed  and  fitted 
up  with  every  convenience  for 
school  purposes.  The  school  is 
now  absoluteh'  free,  and  the 
children  of  the  humblest  parish- 
oner  is  recognized  as  the  et|ual 
of  the  more  fortunate. 

The  attendance  has  increased 
from  two  hundred  and  fifty,  to 
nearly  twelve  hundretl  children, 
and  sisters  of  chaiity  have  been 
placed  in  charge  of  the  paroch- 
ial school. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  X.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


103 


ST.    BENEDICT'S    COLLEGE. 

FOR  fourteen  Iniiulred  years  the  Benedictines  have  figured 
prominently  in  the  history  of  the  world  as  missionaries, 
civilizers  and  educators.  St.  .\ugustine,  the  first  Archljisliop  of 
Canterbury,  and  St.  Boniface,  who  converted  the  Germans  to 
Christianty,  were  Benedictines.  The  Danes,  the  I^oles.  the 
Diitcli  and  the  Bohemians  were  evangehzed  by  members  of  the 
same  order.  During  the  first  thousand  years  of  its  e.\istence — 
from  the  fifth  to  the  fifteenth  century -it  gave  to  the  church 
24  popes  and  20d  cardinals  ;  it  had  seen  7,000  archbishops  of  its 
rule  and  14,000  bishops.  In  England  the  Benedictines  occupied 
113  abbeys  and  cathedrals,  including  Westminster  Abbey  and 
many  others  almost  equally  famous.  In  Scotland  they  numbered 
among  their  monasteries  lona,  Lindores  and  Melrose.  M  one 
time  the  sum  total  of  their  houses  footed  up  the  magnificent  sum 
of  15,000,  so  many  refuges  of  art  and  letters,  where  protected  by 


tree  have  been  planted  in  the  virgin  soil  of  Australia  and  New 
Zealand.  In  the  United  States  there  is  not  a  section,  east,  west, 
norlli  or  south,  without  its  large  abbeys  and  numerous  depend- 
ent priories.  From  New  Hampshire  in  the  Hast,  to  Oregon  in 
the  West;  froin  the  hyperborean  regions  of  Minnesota  to  the 
sunny  clime  of  Florida,  there  is  scarcely  a  State  or  Territory 
without  its  lineal  decendants  of  the  "  famous  .Monks  of  the 
West,"  engaged,  as  their  fathers  have  been  for  over  1,400  years, 
in  tilling  the  soil,  teaching  the  rude  and  ignorint  useful  trades, 
accustoming  the  idle  and  roving  to  profitable  industry,  building 
schools  and  colleges  for  the  education  of  all,  but  especially  for 
the  higher  education  of  the  children  of  the  poor. 

In  this  chain  of  Benedictine  abbeys  and  colleges,  St.  Mary's 
Abbey  and  St.  Benedict's  College,  of  Newark,  form  a  not  un- 
distinguished link.  Here,  as  it  is,  and  has  been,  in  all  places  and 
times  since  the  foundation  of  the  order,  the  school  or  college  is 


ST.  benedict's  college. 


a  religious  halo,  their  inmates  kept  alive  the  sacred  lamp  of 
literature,  when  outside  their  walls  the  world  was  given  up  to 
rapine  and   civil  war. 

To  quote  the  words  of  a  writer  in  the  IVc-stminsier  Review 
for  October,  1879  •  "  ''  ^^'■'^s  the  monks  who  proclaimed  a  more 
liberal  sentiment  than  that  of  narrow  nationality,  and  discour- 
aged the  pagan  patriotism,  revived  in  our  own  days,  which 
consists  in  looking  upon  every  foreigner  as  an  object  of  suspi- 
cion or  hostility.  Monasteries  opened  their  doors  to  all 
travelers  and  strangers.  Monks  brought  to  the  councils  of  kings 
and  nations  a  courage  which  did  not  recoil  before  any  danger : 
they  resisted  the  violence  of  the  nobles,  and  sheltered  the  too 
feeble  freemen  from  their  attacks." 

After  centuries  of  decline,  our  own  age  has  witnessed  the 
marvelous  rejuvenation  of  this  ancient  order.  It  is  lapidly 
regaining  its  lost  ground  in  Europe,  and  off-shoots  of  the  parent 


inseparable  from  the  abbey.  While  a  large  amount  of  public 
and  private  ceremonies  and  prayers  is  included  in  the  duties  of 
a  inonk,  it  is  also  the  aim  of  the  "  learned  Benedictine  "  to  be  a 
man  of  science,  a  scholar  ;in<l  a  schoolmaster.  St.  Benedict's 
College  has  been  before  the  public  for  nearly  thirty  years — tS68 
to  1897— and  has  conscientiously  and  unostentatiously  striven 
to  carry  into  effect  the  intention  of  its  founders.  While  instruct- 
iuT.  with  a  preference,  in  those  branches  which  pertain  to  a 
liberal  education,  the  knowledge  of  which  is  indispensable  to 
those  who  wish  to  enter  the  ranks  of  the  clergy  or  embark  in 
any  professional  career,  it  has  not  neglected  the  needs  of  those 
whose  circumstances  or  inclinations  induce  them  to  prefer 
the  commercial  to  the  classical  course.  By  all  means  in  its 
power,  it  seeks  to  make  its  pupils  Christian  gentlemen,  service- 
able to  their  fellowmen,  lovers  of  their  country  and  faithful  to 
their  God. 


104 


ESSEX  COUXTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE   NEWARK    BUSINESS 
COLLEGE. 

THIS  college  was  founded  in 
Auijnst.  1881,  by  Prof. 
Mulvey,  A.  M..  to  develop  the 
idea  of  A//  Ac/un/  JSitsiiiess. 

"All  Actual  Business"  means 
tliat  scholars  are  to  actually 
transact  all  the  business  which 
is  recorded  in  their  books  of 
account.  At  tli.it  time  most 
business  schools  included  in 
their  systems  of  instruction 
more  or  less  actual  practice, 
but  the  Newark  Business  College 
began  by  abandoning  all  "  theo- 
ry "  work  and  arranging  from 
the  best  business  sources  a 
system  of  actual  practice  from 
the  liegining  to  the  end  of  the 
course. 

The  founder  of  this  system 
was  convinced,  that  wh.itever 
might  be  the  success  of  his  per- 
sonal venture,  the  principle  was 
correct,  and  it  would  be  en- 
dorsed in  time  by  all  commer- 
cial schools.    This  view  is  being 

justified  by  the   fact  that  prominent  colleges  all  over  the  L'nited 
Stales  have    embraced   the   idea. 

The  utility  of  actual  practice  in  a  business  school,  is  of  a 
kind  with  experimentation  in  other  departments  of  study,  or 
with  clinic  in  medicine.  It  is  more  important  that  a  student 
should  graduate  from  a  business  school  with  an  ingrained  know- 
ledge of  business  detail  th.m  a  general  |)roficiency  in  the  theorv 
of  book-keeping.  But  when  this  knowledge  and  this  prohciencv 
can  be  combined,  the  one  complementing  the  other,  the  student 
has  obtained  a  true  business  education,  and  its  effect  on  his 
future  will    be    marked    by  a    full  measure    of   success    in    his 

u  n  d  e  r  t  a  k  - 

ings. 

In  addition 
to  the  ".All 
Actual  Busi- 
ness "  feature 
of  this  school, 
it  possesses 
others  that 
are  worthy  of 
c  o  n  s  i  d  e  r  a- 
tion.  It  is 
the  leading 
school  of 
penmansh  ip 
i  n  Esse  x 
County. 

Prof.  \V. 
W.  Winner, 
the  S  ec  r  e  - 
tary,  is  not 
only  an  ac- 
coni  plislied 
penman,  but 
he  is  a  born 


W,    W.    Wl.N.NEK,    SF.CRET.\KV. 


THE   NEWARK    BUSINESS   COLLEGE. 

teacher,  and  teachers,  like  poets,  must  be  born  such  and  not 
made  such. 

Another   specialty    of   this  school    is  business   computation. 
Students  are  taught  in  this  branch  to  foot  rapidly  and  correctly 
long  columns  of  from  forty  to  eighty  items,  not  by  adding  digit 
to  digit,  but  by  a  system  of  reading  groups  of  figures  as  one 
reads    groups    of   letters    constituting   words.    .\lso    they   are 
drilled  in   making    extensions,    that    is    in    multiplying    factors 
both   of  which  are  mixed  numbers,  as  2735I  lbs.  at  16J  cts.  per 
lb.     This  operation  is  (lerformed   by  simple  division  mostly  by 
2  and  4,  and  the  answer  is  brought  correct  to  the  cent.    Finally, 
there    is    but 
one    rale    of 
t'lilion      for 
any  or  all  the 
studies.  $7.00 
per      month, 
on    the    prm- 
riple  of.  /',/i' 
as  ynu  go  is 
t  h  e      b  e  s  t 
guaraiilee. 

M  a  r  t  i  n 
Mulvey,  A. 
M.,  the  prin- 
c  i  p  a  I  is  .1 
t  h  o  r  o  u  g  h 
school     man,  ' 

and  besides 
being  a 
mathemati- 
cian and  ac- 
count.int,  he 
is  an  accom- 
plished Eng- 
lish   scholar,  m,  m,  mulvey,  a.  m..  proprieior. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


lo:. 


ST.    VINCENT'S    ACADEMY,    WALLACK    PLACE,    WARREN,    CABINET    AND    BRUCE    STREETS. 


ST.  VINCENT'S   ACADEMY. 

THIS  institution,  founded  in  1869  by  the  Alost  Rev.  Bishop 
Bayley  for  educational  purposes,  is  under  the  patronage 
of  the  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  of  Newark.  The  location  is  upon  very 
high  ground  and  is  unsurpassed  for  healthfulness.  It  is  easy 
of  access ;  the  Market,  Bank  and  Warren  Street  cars  pass  the 
academy  to  and  from  the  Oranges  and  the  Market  Street 
Station  nf  the  Penn.  R.  R.  in  Newark. 


It  offers  superior  attractions  lo  parents  who  desire  to  give 
their  children  a  useful  as  well  as  thorough  education,  and  it  will  be 
the  constant  endeavor  of  the  Si.sters  to  instill  into  the  minds  of 
their  pupils,  principles  of  virtue  and  religion,  to  accustom  them 
to  a  polite  and  amiable  deportment,  as  well  as  to  habits  of 
order  and  neatness.  The  present  large  and  extensive  building, 
erected  in  1888,  is  furnished  with  all  the  modern  improvements 
requisite  in  a  thorough  course  of  study.  Ample  ground  has 
been  reserved  exclusively  for  the  necessary  out- 
door exercise  of  the  pupils  ;  besides,  when  the 
weather  permits,  they  are  obliged  to  take,  daily, 
about  an  hour's  walk,  accompanied  by  one  or 
more  of  the  Sisters. 


ST.  M 
as 


ST.  MARY'S  ACADEMY. 
MARY'S  AC.ADKMV  was  at  first  known 
the  "  Ward's  Kstate,"  and  was  pur- 
chased in  1859  by  Rt.  Rev.  J.  R.  Bayley.  first 
bishop  of  Newark.  It  was  occupied  by  the 
Sisters  of  Charity,  as  their  Mother  House,  until 
they  removed  to  Madison.  N.  J.,  in  1861.  After 
this  the  building  was  used  as  St.  Mary's  Orphan 
Asykim  till  1865.  when  the  Orphanage  at  South 
Orange  was  ready  for  the  orphans.  In  the  fall 
of  1865  St.  Mary's  Academy  was  opened. 
Part  of  the  building  was  at  this  time  a  hospital. 
St.  Michael's  Hoepital  was  not  in  existence  then. 
In  1874  the  old  "Ward  Mansion"  was  razed. 
and  the  present  beautiful  building  was  erected 
in  its  stead.  St.  Mary's  Academy  has  ever 
stood  among  the  first  in  the  city,  regarding 
numbers  and  success  of  its  pupils.  An  excel- 
lent view  of  the  academy  building  is  shown  in 
the  illu.strations  on  this  page. 


106 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Im- 


J   I  4  i  I  i  i  +  +  t  I  .  ,, 


TYP 


lamtt 


e^^  • 


1  1  1  S  J  D  D 


ill 


■^r" 


COI.KMAN    NATIONAL    BUSINESS  COLLEI'.K,   832   TO    840    CROAD    STREET. 


THE  COLEMAN    NATIONAL   BUSINESS  COLLEGE 

WITH   the  j^reat  growth  of   the  business  interests   of   the 
world   and    the   constant  rush    of  business   activity    in 
mercantile    centres,   the    old-tinie   methods    of    learning   those 
systems  necessary  to  securing  and  holding  btisiness  positions 
are  disa|ipearing.     There  is  no  time  for  teaching  in  business 
offices,  as  formerly.     There  are  new  ideas  and  necessary  arts, 
such  as  stenography  and  typewriting,  which  can  best  be  learned 
in  a  place  tlevoted  to  practical  instruction.     Hence  it  is  that  the 
business  school  of  former  years,  wdiich  confined  itself  mainly  to 
penmansliip,  correspondence  and  bool<-keeping,  has  developed 
into  a  college,  wliich  is  practically  a  busi- 
ness world  in  miniature  wherein  the  young 
man  and   young  woman  can  attain   that 
knowledge  and  business-like  facility  which 
causes  the  door  of  emiiloyment  to  open 
easily  to  them. 

The  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  Col- 
lege won  the  favor  of  businsss  men  wher- 
ever it  was  established,  and  the  system  it 
inaugurated  has  been  made  the  basis  of 
some  very  successful  institutions,  of  , 
which  a  conspicuous  example  is  the  Cole- 
man National  Business  College,  of  New- 
ark. This  college,  occupying  tw-o  large 
floors  over  the  entrance  to  the  Newark 
and  New  York  Depot,  833  to  840  Broad 
Street,  (office  entrance  83S  Broad  Street, 
Central  N.  J.  depot)  was  established  in 
1862.  and  has  been  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  H. 
Coleman,  the  jircsent  president,  for  fifteen 
years.  Mr.  Coleman  is  a  most  competent 
educator  and  is  assisted  by  a  corps  of 
well-equippetl   teachers    in    every   depart- 


ment.  The  college  has  accomodations  for  about  four  hundred 
students,  and  its  patrons  come  from  all  over  the  United  States, 
while  its  graduates  are  to  be  found  in  almost  every  city  and 
town.  The  furnishing  of  the  college  is  very  complete,  including 
fine  business  ofiice  furniture,  a  large  number  of  the  best  type- 
writing machines,  and  am|)le  facilities  for  equipping  its  students 
with  a  thorough  business  training. 

In    the  department    of    Stenography  and  Typewriting,    only 

experienced  teachers  are  employed,  and  it  is  a  model  school  for 

instruction  in  these  lines.    While  acquiring  the  necessary  facility 

of  writing,  the  students  are  made  familitiar  with  actual  business 

methods,  ,ind  the  success  of  the  system  under  which  they  learn 

is  indicated  by  the  readiness  with  which 

graduates  find  employment.     In  fact,  the 

case  is  the  same  in  all  the  departinents. 

The  Coleman  National  Business  Col- 
lege is  incorporated  by  acts  of  the  New 
Jersey  Legislature  of  1S76  and  1S88. 
The  original  incorporators  were  Ex- 
Governor  Marcus  L.  Ward,  Ex-Mayor 
F.  W.  Ricord,  of  Newark,  Ex-United 
States  Senator  T.  B.  Pedclie,  Mr.  Silas 
Merchant,  President  of  the  .Merchant's 
Fire  Insiu'ance  Co.,  Mr.  S.  R.  W.  Heath, 
President  of  the  I'^ireman's  Insurance  Co., 
anfl  Mr.  fohn  P.  Jackson. 

The  catalogues  of  this  college  are  not 
only  artistic  gems  of  the  most  modern 
typography,  but  they  contain  matter  of 
general  information  pertaining  to  Newark 
and  the  country  at  large  which  is  well 
calculated  to  interest  and  instruct  evtry 
one.  This  is  typical  of  the  superiority, 
vigor  and  originalitv  of  this  live,  up-to-date 
school  of  business. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


107 


NEWARK      HIGH 
SCHOOL 


T 


HE     Newark     High 
School  was   opened 


January  3,  18 


33- 


Dr.  Pen- 


nington, President  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  in 
his  adch'ess  at  the  dedica- 
tion, said:  "The  edifice 
is  a  hirge  and  imposing- 
one,  well  planned  and 
compares  favorably  with 
the  most  commodious 
buildings  of  the  l<ind  in 
this  country." 

When  the  building  was 
opened  in  1855  it  was 
filled  by  pupils  having  the 
highest  per  cent,  in  schol- 
arship and  deportment  in 
the  various  grammar 
schools,  but  this  method 
of  entrance  was  soon 
changed  and  for  many 
years  pupils  have  been 
admitted  only  on  examin- 
ation. For  many  years  there  was  little  Latin  and  less  Greek  taught, 
and  there  was  no  thoroughly  systematized  course  of  study. 
The  first  class  that  was  prepared  for  college  was  in  1S77,  from 
which  lime  it  has  sent  bovs  and  girls  to  college.     There  have 


NEWARK    ACADEMY.    COK.    tllC.H    AND    WILLtAM    STREETS. 


entered  the  High  School — 1855  to  1S96 — 12,593  pupils,  and  the 
whole  number  of  graduates  has  been  2.212. 

The  original  lot  cost  85.000.  a'"'  building  $20,000.  The  first 
principal  was  Mr.  Isaiah  Peckham,  who  served  the  public  for 
twelve  years.  Then  came  Mr.  Dunlap  for  three  years,  and  Mr. 
Lewis  M.  Johnson,  for  two-thirds  of  a  year,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1871  came  the  ]iresent  incumbent,  Ur.  E.  O.  Ilovey.  The 
number  of  pupils  in  the  High  school  to-day  (January  I.  1897)  is 
something  over  1,200;  the  number  of  teachers,  33.  The  school 
has  so  far  outgrown  the  building  that  220  boys  and  270  girls 
are  housed  in  annexes,  but  the  new  building  is  materializing 
and  will  be  shown  in  the  next  edition  of  this  book. 


N  EW 


,\    i;ki  iai->  si  RKET. 


WARREN   STREET  SCHOOL. 

NEARLY  fifty  years  ago,  James  Searing,  a  generous-hearted 
man  owning  a  large  tract  of  land  in  the  western  part  of 
the  city,  donated  a  plot  at  the  corner  of  W'ickliffe  and  School 
Streets  to  the  city  for  school  jiurposes.  Here,  in  1S48,  was  built 
a  plain  two-story  brick  school-house,  the  third  ])ublic  school  of 
Newark.  At  that  time  the  inale  and  female  departments  were 
under  separate  managements,  the  former  on  the  top  floor  and 
the  latter  on  the  lower,  each  having  an  assembly  room  and  two 
small  recitation  rooms.  The  school  was  afterward  divided  into 
six  class-rooms. 

In  1872  this  school,  not  being  adequate  to  the  demands  of 
the  locality,  the  Central  Aventie  school  was  built  and  the  school 
transferred  to  it  and  the  old  building  closed.  In  1873  ''  ^^''s 
again  opened,  this  time  as  a  primary  school  with  a  lady  prin- 
cipal. In  1 891  it  was  again  found  too  small  and  a  new  school 
was  built  on  Warren  Street,  west  of  Wickliffe. 

The  Warren  Street  school  is  of  red  brick  with  terra  cotta 
and  blue-stone  trimmings.  It  is  a  three-story  building  having 
two  large  courts  and  the  Principal's  office  on  the  first  floor, 
while  on  each  of  the  other  floors  are  four  large  class  rooms, 
with  a  wide  corridor  extending  the  length  of  the  building,  also 
a  library  and  sitting  room  for  the  teachers.  The  building  is 
heated  and  ventilated  by  the  Fuller  &  Warren  system.  It  is 
supplied  with  steel  ceilings  which,  while  very  pretty,  are  not 
very  satisfactory  for  school  purposes.     When  the  Warren  Street 


10S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


school  was  opened,  in  SepteinlK-r.  1892,  every  seat  was  occiipietl 
and  still  three  classes  remained  in  the  Wicklilfe  building.  Soon 
two  more  classes  were  formed  and  in  Novenilier,  1894.  a  kinder- 
garten class  was  added  to  the  nundier.  This  class  has  been 
largely  attended,  being  greatly  appreciated  by  the  patrons  of 
the  school.  The  room,  which  is  large  and  bright  and  pleasant, 
has  been  nicelv  fitted  up  by  the  Board  of  Education  and  has 
bi-en  pronounced  one  of  the  best  in  the  city  for  the  purpose. 


T 


HI.S  handsome   souvenir  would  not  be  a  finished  work  did 
not  its  letterpress  contain  something  of  interest  in  regard 


Not  .Ts  the  contjuorer  coines, 

Tliey,  tlie  true-liearted  came; 
Not  with  the  roll  of  the  stirring  drums. 

And  tlie  trninpet  that  sings  of  fame. 

Not  as  tlie  flying  come, 

In  silence  .ind  in  fear; 
They  shook  the  depths  of  the  greenwood  gloom 

Witli  their  hymns  of  lofty  cheer. 

Amidst  the  storm  they  sang, 

And  the  stars  heard  and  the  sea  ; 
And  the  sounding  aisles  of  the  dim  wood  rang, 

To  the  anthem  of  tlie  free. 


NEWARK     lllcill    ^CH(l(ll.,    CllK.    W  ASH  t  Nl  ;il  IN     ANU    I.INfllCN    SIREl-.TS. 


to  her  cduc.ition.d  institutions,  as  repri-sented  in  the  schools 
scattered  all  o\'i-i"  oiu'  f.iir  domain  and  housed  in  such  a  manner 
as  tn  satisf)  the  most  cN.icting.  It  \\.is  r.irly  in  the  nalinn's 
career,  when  scions  cut  from  the  trees  of  U-aiiiing  which  had 
taken  deep  root  in  the  rock-bound  soil  of  New  England,  and 
which  had  sprung  up  from  the  seed  brought  across  the  storin\ 
ocean  in  the  hold  of  the  Mayllower,  were  planted  in  the  soil  of 
Essex  County. 

Mrs.  Hemans  has  portrayed  the  landing  at  Plymouth  Rock 
of  our  pilgrim  fathers  in  the  language  of  her  beautiful  poem, 
"  The  I..-mding  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers." 

'1  he  breaking  waves  dashed  high 

On  a  stern  and  rock-ljound  coast, 
And  the  woods  against  a  stormy  sky 

Their  giant  branches  tossed. 

And  the  heavy  ni.ijht  hung  dark, 

'the  hills  and  waters  o'er, 
Wlien  a  band  of  e.xiles  moored  their  bark 

On  the  wild  New  England  sliore. 


'I'he  ocean  eagle  soared 

I''rom  his  nest  liy  the  wliite  waves'  foam  ; 
And  tlie  rocking  pines  of  tlie  forest  roared — 

This  was  their  welcome  home. 

Tlieie  were  men  tjf  lioary  liair 

■Amidst  the  pilgrim  band  ; 
Why  had  they  come  to  wither  there, 

Away  from  their  childhood's  land. 

There  was  woman's  fearless  eye. 

Lit  by  her  deep  love's  truth  ; 
'I'here  was  manhood's  brow  serenely  high. 

And  the  fiery  heart  of  youth. 

What  sought  they  thus  afar  ? 

Briglii  jewels  01  the  mine  ? 
The  wealth  of  seas,  the  spoils  ot  war? 

They  sought  a  faith's  pure  shrine  ! 

Ay,  call  it  holy  ground. 

The  soil  where  first  they  trod  ; 
They  have  left  unstained  what  there  they  found. 

Freedom  to  worship  God  ! 


i 


WILLIAM    N.    HAKKlN'.l.k.    b  L  i' 1  . 
SCHOOLS. 


NEWARK    I'UHLIC 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


There  is  no  one  thiiii<  in'which 
all  New  Englaiiders  take  a  greater 
pride  than  in  the  glorious  fact  that 
it  was  but  six  years  after  the  settle- 
ment of  Boston,  when  Harvard  Col- 
lege, one  of  the  proudest  institutions 
of  learning  in  the  United  States, 
was  established.  .So  it  was  with 
the  old  hist  settlers  of  New  Jersey, 
who  not  only  brought  with  them 
their  church  establishment,  with  its 
glorious  privilege  of  worshipping 
God  after  the  dictates  of  their  own 
consciences,  but  they  carefully  tend- 
ed the  scions,  cultivated,  watered 
and  tenderly  nourished  them  up  into 
giant  educational  trees,  and  all  now 
bearing  most  delicious  fruit. 

As  we  proclaim  through  the  pages 
of  this  work,  the  stupendous  fact 
that  the  institutions  of  learning  of 
which  Esse.x  County  can  boast  have 
few  equals  and  no  superiors  in  any 
county  of  this  State,  or  any  of  her 


109 


i 


PROF.  E.  o.  no\  I.V. 


/ 


lion    SCHOOL. 


fined  to  institutions  of  the  same  grade.     This  was  made  abun 
dantly  manifest  by  the  grand  exhibits  made  at  Chicago  at   the 
international  exhibition  held  there  in  1893.  in  coninicmoration 
of  the  four  hundredth  centennial  of  the  discovery  of  America 
by  Christopher  Columbus  in  1492. 

So  far  as  we  are  able,  no  part  of  the  educational  interests  of 
Essex  shall  be  permitted  to  suffer,  but  the  schools  shall  be  all 
treated  alike,  and  each  shall  be  given  its  due  share  of  exposition 
and  attention.  The  beautiful  illustrations  of  the  public  school 
buildings  which  have  found  place  in  this  volume,  show  them 
to  compare  favorably  with  any  structures,  be  they  of  stone,  brick 
or  wood,  designed  for  school  purposes,  to  be  found  anywhere. 
Since  there  is  no  subject  which  will  find  a  place  in  this  book  of 
nearly  so  much  interest  as  the  public  schools,  we  shall  give  them 
the  first  consideration.  The  public  schools  of  Essex  County,  or 
the  free  schools,  as  they  are  usually  termed,  are  conducted  by 
the  State,  county  and  city  in  combination.  The  State  assuming 
the  prerogative   right  of  looking  after  the  best   interests  of  its 


sisters,  when  the  comparison  is  con- 
citizens,  has  deemed  the  education  of  the  masses  as  of  para- 
mount importance.  To  carry  out  its  intent  to  educate  the 
people  or  to  make  education  free,  they  ])laced  learning  within  the 
reach  of  all  who  will  but  exercise  their  right  to  reach  out  and 
take  it.  The  State  Board  of  Education  or  of  Public  Instruction 
consists  of  six  members  appointed  by  the  Governor,  eight 
members  being  taken  from  each  of  the  two  leading  ])olilical 
parties  of  the  eight  congressional  districts. 

The  chief  executive  officer  is  known  as  the  State  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction  and  has  his  ofhce  in  Trenton. 
The  next  in  executive  authority  are  the  County  .Sui)erintend- 
ents  of  the  several  counties  and  the  City  Superintendents  of  the 
several  cities  of  the  .State.  The  next  in  order  come  the  city 
and  township  Boards  of  Education.  The  cities  have  two  com- 
missioners for  each  ward  and  the  township  boards  have  each 
nine  members.  The  scliools  have  each  a  principal  and  a  corps 
of  teachers  large  enough  so  that,  as  a  rule,  not  more  than  forty 
children  or  pupils  shall  make  up  the  class.     Education  getting 


f 


R.  D.  ARGUE,  .SEC'V  HOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 


has  been  so  simplified  by  officials  and 
teachers  during  the  early  past  that  it 
seems  no  pupil  shall  fail  to  verily  gorge 
himself  or  herself  with  the  richest  of  the 
feast  if  his  or  her  parents  will  it  and  the 
child  desires  it. 

The  introduction  into  the  public  school 
curricuhnn  of  the  kindergarten  for  begin- 
ners, and  manual  traming  for  advanced 
pupils  in  later  years,  have  each  done  a 
marvellous  work  and  have  given  pupils 
such  glorious  advantages  as  will  not  soon 
lie  forgotten.  There  is  little  doubt,  since 
iliey  play  sucli  a  Deneficient  part  in  the 
work  of  education,  but  what  these 
branches,  which  were  at  first  termed  inno- 
vations and  had  a  hard  struggle  to  get  a 
permanent  foothold,  have  came  to  stay. 
So  beneficieiuly  inclined  are  the  majority 
of  those  in  charge  that  provision  is  made 
— for  children  whom  circumstances  have 
t.iken  from  the  schools  to  become  bread 


AUG.    SCAKLETT,  .ORINL    SO.  8TI1    ST.  SCHOOL. 


IK) 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


winners  for  the  family — in  tlie  night  scliools,  wliich  are  kept  up 
when  the  necessity  therefor  seems  to  exist  or  the  call  is  made 
by  enough  who  are  hungering  for  a  taste  of  the  fruit  which  in 
these  night  schools  is  placed  within  their  reach  to  warrant  tlie 
employment  of  a  teacher. 

When  the  writer  was  County  Superintendent  of  the  pulilic 
schools  of  Essex  County,  no  more  pleasing  or  more  satisfying 
sight  ever  came  before  him  than  one  of  these  night  schools  in 
session.  One  in  parliiular  conducted  in  the  class  rooms  of  the 
High  School  building,  in  Montclair.  where  the  greater  propor- 
tion of  the  pupils  came  from  the  service  for  which  they  were 
employsd  in  the  families  of  the  place.  Most  of  them  were 
colored,  and  (|uite  a  percentage  had  passed  the  half  century  line 


holding  fast  to  the  belief  that  their  secular  and  religious  educa- 
tion should  go  hand-in-hand.  Even  in  the  Church  of  England, 
of  which  our  American  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  is  an  off- 
shoot, the  same  idea,  to  some  extent,  still  prevails,  and  there 
are  a  few  who  yet  think  it  to  be  an  almost  unpardonable  sin  to 
see  their  children  come  under  the  influence  of  the  education  of 
the   free  schools. 

A  beautiful  part  of  the  picture  to  adorn  the  pages  of  this 
book  comes  in  where  we  meet  the  select  school  and  academy, 
where  religious  influences  have  much  less  to  do  with  the 
pupils  who  are  entrusted  to  their  care.  Among  these  stand 
the  Newark  Academy  A  beautiful  pen  picture  of  the  build- 
ngs  in  which  the  pupils  are  fitted  for  college,  for  professional 


IRVINGION    Pl'liLIC    SCHOOL    liUlLbiNG. 


of  years,  'riu-  latter  made  slow  work  and  fumbled  the  pencil  not 
a  little  Willi  their  clumsy  fingers,  stiffened  by  toil,  as  they 
labored  to  learn  the  art  of  writing  their  own  name.  While 
leaning  over  the  shoulder  of  one  whose  hair  was  fast  losing  its 
color,  he  looked  up,  while  a  smile  played  over  his  face,  as  he 
replied  to  our  suggestion  that  it  was  pretty  slow  work,  "  Yes, 
yes.  massa.  pretty  slow.  But  I'm  shuah  to  ketch  'iin."  .And  so 
he  did,  as  we  were  afterwards  pleased  to  learn. 

While  the  |)ublic  school  system  as  carried  out  in  Essex 
County  IS  very  near  to  the  hearts  of  the  people  and  is  to 
many,  indeed,  verily  "the  apple  of  their  eye,"  there  are  others 
again  whose  love  for  the  parochial  school  remains  unabated. 
Among  the  latter  are  found  our  Catholic  fellow-citizens  who 
cling  with   loving  tenacity  to    this  institution    of  their   fathers. 


or  business  life,  is  seen  on  ])age  107.  From  the  tloors 
of  the  New.uk  Academy  ha\e  gone  forth  thousands  of 
young  men  who  are  adorning  the  professions  and  are  proud  to 
call  Prof.  Farrand's  academy  their  alma  mater.  As  well  as 
being  one  of  the  best,  the  Newark  Academy  is  one  of  the  oldest 
academical  schools  in  the  State,  as  it  is  the  oldest  in  the  Countv 
of  Essex,  having  been  established  in  1792.  The  academy  1^ 
situated  on  the  plot  of  ground  rin  the  southeastern  corner  ol 
High  and   William  Streets,  in  the    cily  of  Newark. 

The  15oard  of  Education  of  the  city  of  Newark  holds  its 
regular  sessions  on  the  last  Friday  evening  of  each  month,  in 
the  chamber  of  the  Common  Council,  at  the  City  Hall.  The 
Board  is  officered  as  follows  at  this  time  (1S97),  viz;  President, 
William  A.  Gay.  who  presides  at  all  the  meetings  of  the  Board; 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Ill 


•  ^ 


V 


Secretary,  Robert  D.  Argue,  who  has 
his  office  Ml  one  of  the  education  rooms 
at    the  City   Hall,  where   he   may   be 
^^^^^^^^  fuuiul  every  tlay  from  8  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 

^^^^^^^^^^  '^''''  ^I'gue  seems  to  be  pecuharly 

^^^  ^IR^^^  adapted   for  the  place  he  fills  so  ad- 

f  ^^^^^M  mirably.     He  attends  all  the  meetings 

^^     ^  ^PH  of  the  Boaul  of  Education  and  kee])* 

M9     ^i^  *  .-^  a  faithful  record  of  all  their  proceed- 

ings. The  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Iioard  is  Samuel  Gaiser,  whose  duty 
is  to  help  Mr.  Argue  bear  his  burden. 
The  Superintendent  of  Erection  and 
Repairs  is  Mr.  George  W.  Reeve. 

I5y  a  resolution  of  the  Roard  of  Edu- 
cation the  school  term  of  the  year  has 
been  fixed  at  forty  weeks,  the  schools 
opening  generally  on  the  first  Tuesday 
of  September  and  continuing  till  the 
latter  part  of  June.  A  week  or  ten 
days  is  termed  the  short  vacation  dur- 
ing the  holiday  period.  During  the 
present  school  year,  beginning  Septem- 
ber, 1S96.  and  ending  June,  1897,  there 
has  been  an  attendance  of  pupils  num 

bering,  as  per  roll  kept,  a  little  more  than  30,000,  about  equally 

divided    between    inales    and    females.       In    order    that    the 

teachers  may  have  the  advantages  accruing  from  lectures  on 

educational  subjects.  Teachers'  Institutes  are  held  on  the  third 

Saturday  of    February.  April   and  November,   the  session   ex- 
tending  from  9  A.  M.  to   12  l\l..  and   from   1.30  to  3.30  P.  M. 

Besides  these  institutes  designed  and  carried  on  for  the  special 

benefit  of   teachers  emploved  in  the  city  schools,  there  is  the 

regular  County  Institute  at  which  all  the  teachers  in  the  county 

engaged  in   teaching  in    the    public    schools  are    expected    to 

attend  unless  excused   by  the  County   Superintendent  on   pre- 
senting some  good  and  sufficient  reason  w'hy  they  desire  such 

excuse  for    a   non-attendance.     These    Institutes  the  teachers 

usually  attend  with    alacrity,    and    especially   is  this    the  case 
vhen    men  who  are  thoroughly  versed  in  educational  matters 

and    are    qualified    to    instruct   in    the    art    of    teaching    and 

understand   the  true  principals  of  pedagogy,  are   expected   to 

occupy  the   speaker's    platform.     But   it    is    not    too   frequent 


ff* 


WALTEK    T.    CKANE,    SCHOOL    COMMISSIONER 


A.    N.    LEWIS.    SCnOOL  COMMISSIONEK. 


that  a  Brumbaugh  can  be  secured  to  instruct,  edifv  and 
please  everybody.  Not  a  few  cases  of  sick  headache  or 
break  bone  fever  (Grippe)  can  be  trotted  out  for  a  spin  when 
an  uninteresting  speaker  is  announced. 

The  High  School  of  the  city  of  Newark  marks  well  up  on 
the  educational  record  of  Esse.x  County,  and  compares  most 
favorably  with  any  other  high  or  academic  school  in  the  State. 
The  Newark  High  School  is  under  the  care  of  Professor  E.  O. 
Hovey,  a  teacher  of  lar  ^e  experience,  and  a  gentleman  of  most 
exemplary  character.  Professor  Hovey  is  surrounded  by  a 
large  corps  of  assistants  who  do  much  to  lighten  his  burdens 
and  add  not  a  little  to  the  success  which  marks  the  career  of 
this  school.  Among  this  corps  of  assistants  is  found  Professor 
Sonn,  a  veritable  Boanerges  among  teachers,  and  who  will  be 
rememberd  for  his  splendid  qualities  as  a  gentleman  and  scholar, 
in  his  efforts  to  keep  the  people  posted  in  regard  to  the  meas- 
urements of  heat  and  cold,  the  barometrical  pressure,  the  ex- 
tent of   the  rain-fall  and  other  scientific  reports,    sent  with  his 


SCHOOL   COMMISSIONER. 


compliments  to  the  people,  through  the 
columns  of  the  afternoon  papers.  Like 
Professor  Hovey,  Professor  Sonn,  is  a 
scholarly  gentleman,  and  the  High  School 
pupils  are  often  heard  to  exclaim,  "  How 
could  we  do  without  him?"  so  attached 
have  his  pupils  become  to  this  excellent 
teacher  of  the  higher  branches  of  aca- 
demic learning.  The  daily  sessions  of 
the  High  School  begin  at  9  A.  M.  and 
close  at  12.15  P-  M-.:ind  from  i  to  2.30  p. 
i\l.  Newark  conducts  her  own  normal 
classes,  thus  fitting  out  her  own  teachers. 
The  Normal  School  is  under  the  care  of 
Professor  Clark,  who,  for  many  years. 
Idled  most  acceptably  the  place  of  princi- 
pal of  the  Fifth  Ward  Grammar  School. 
The  High  School  was  opened  in  its  pre- 
sent quarters  at  133  Washington  Street  on 
January  7.  1855,  and  during  all  these 
years,  forty-two  in  number,  two  thousand 
and   eighty    five  graduates    have  passed 


HE.N'KV  1'.    SCHOTT,    SCHOOL  COMMISSIONEK. 


112 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTKATED. 


% 


LIR.    I.    W.    k 


)MMISSIONEK. 


Street,  Prof.  Hovey,  A.  M.  Ph.  D.,  Principal  ;  Arthur  W.  Taylor, 
William  E.  Wiener,  Theodore  B.  Haskell,  Ph.  D.,  K.  S.  Blake. 
Not  half  the  tribute  due  to  the  High  School  branch  of  our 
beautiful  system  of  education  can  we  pav,  not  having"  the  space 
requisite  for  the  purpose,  and  now  as  we  approach  the  primary 
and  grammar  departments  of  the  best  system  of  education  for 
the  masses  ever  devised  by  anyone,  it  is  with  deep  regret,  since 
we  have  not  the  opportunity  to  deal  justly,  or  as  e.xtensively  as 
they  so  richly  deser\  e.  The  primary  schools  scattered  all  over 
the  county,  nearly  all  of  which  have  the  kintergarden  attach- 
ment, giving  the  little  ones  opportunity  to  begin,  when  the 
twigs  are  tender,  to  give  them  the  bend  in  the  right  direction, 
as  in  the  work  of  carrying  out  the  old  axiom,  "  Just  as  the  twig 
is  bent  the  tree's  inclined,"  toward  which,  all  teachers  are 
generously  inclined,  stand  with  wide  open  doors  and  with  out- 
strcched  arms  ready  to  welcome  all  comers.  No  teacher,  as  we 
gii  on  in  \ears,  is  better  than  experience,  and  she  has  taught 
us  that  the  kintergarden  is  just  as  near  perfection  when  our 
children  arc  just  starting  out  in  pursuit  of  an  education,  as  it  is 


from     its    portals.     Of    these,  794    were 

males  and    1,291    were  females.      In  this 

same    building   is  conducted  an    evening 

high    school,  with    J.    \\  ilmer    Kennedy 

as  principal. 

The    entire  corps    of  teachers    in    the 

High  School  is  made  up  as  follows,  viz.: 

Piof.  ¥..  O.  Hovev,  Principal  ;  male  depart- 
ment.   Profs.  G.  C.  Sonn,  A.   M..  W.  C, 

Sandv,  C.  S.  Thatcher,  C.  F.  Kayser,  Ph. 

D.,  A.  H.   Sherman,   Frank    G.  Gilman : 

female  department,  Clara  W.Green,  \'ice- 

Principal :    Eliza  Leyden.  Ph.M.,  B.Flora 

Ci.ine,  Ph.  M.,    Millie    A.    Foster,    Mar\ 

H.  Richards,  Natalie    Antz,  Ella  E.  Put- 

n.im.    A.    B.,    Hannah    M.    Coult.    Marie 

Ijiiltner,  Abbie  E.  Wiggins,  Sarah  J.  Mr 

Mary,  Nellie  Hill,       High   School  Annex. 

girls,   105    Washington    Street;    Edmund 

O.    Ho\ey,  Ph.  D.,    Principal  ;     Isador  M. 

Sherman.    Sophia  E.  \'on  Seyfried.  Grene- 

vieve  S.Grork,  Elizabeth  Harden,  Joseph- 

ene  A.  Field,  August  M.  H.  Beyer;  High 

School     Annex,    boys,     103    Washington 

possible  to  come,  and  it  is  with  much  pride  that  we  can  say. 
that  it  is  found  in  nearly,  it  not  quite  all,  of  our  primary  schools. 
The  primary  schools  of  the  City  of  Newark  alone,  number 
about  fifty,  and  taking  the  county  of  Essex  as  a  whole, 
it  would  not  savor  of  exaggeration,  were  the  statement  made, 
that  the  number  of  primary  schools  would  reach  nearly  or  quite 
one  hundred,  and  with  such  care  have  they  been  located,  that 
few  children  are  so  situated  as  not  to  be  within  easy  walking 
distance  of  the  school  which  they  are  allotted  to  attend. 

Especially  true  is  this  of  the  cities  of  Newark  and  Orange, 
and  since  the  new  or  township  law,  as  it  is  termed,  went  into 
effect,  the  beneficient  arrangement  under  its  wise  provisions, 
which  provides  that  where  children  are  living  at  inconvenient 
distances  from  the  schools  the  State  generously  provides  a  fund 
of  money,  with  which  to  pay  the  expense  of  their  transportation 
to  and  from  the  school  rooms.  Since,  in  cjuite  a  large  portion 
of  Essex  County,  the  schools  are  necessarily  located  for  the 
edification  and  comfort  of  the  majority  of  the  children  of  school 
age,  therefore  it  must  needs  be  that  the  minority,  while  suffer- 


C11.\K1,ES    M.    MVlvKS,    SCHOOL   COM  Ml  SSION^K. 


'.OMMISSIONKK. 


ing  friim  the  disadvantage  which  dis- 
tance nietts  out,  must  needs  be  pro- 
vided with  a  conveyance  to  and  from  the 
school-room  each  day  of  the  school  year. 

It  is  with  no  slight  degree  of  i)ride  that 
the  people  of  Essex  County  can  turn  to 
their  public  school  buildings,  as  for  loca- 
tion, size,  convenience  and  architectural 
attractiveness,  they  compare  favorably 
wiih  the  best  in  the  State  or  nation. 
Take,  for  examples,  the  High  Schoo. 
buildings  at  East  Orange  and  Montclair 
— buildings  erected  at  a  cost  of  either 
of  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars. In  their  heating  and  ventilation, 
these  Ijuildings  are  models,  while  the 
class-study  and  recitation  rooms  and  the 
assembly  halls  are  capacious,  and  meet 
the  purposes  for  which  they  were  de- 
signed by  the  architects  who  planned 
them  marvellously  well. 

.As  such  a  large  proportion  of  the  child- 


MlAUl.KS  E.  SANSOM,  SCHOOL  COM.MISSIONK  I; 


BSSBX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


lis 


children  of  Essex  County  are  compelled  bv  circum- 
stances to  close  their  school  clays  when  the  course 
of  study  ends  \vi»h  the  grammar  school,  this  Ijecomes 
the  all-important  in  the  mind  of  such  as  turn  off 
at  this  point  from  their  school  life,  and  join  the 
great  bread  winning  brigade.  While  the  great 
majority  of  the  pupils  wlio  have  finished  the  gram- 
mar school  course  show  little  reluctance  at  turning 
from  the  school-house  door,  and  with  alacrity  take- 
up  tlie  cudgel  of  life,  seldom,  if  ever,  thinking  of 
the  teachers  and  educators,  and  not  knowing  or 
caring  whether  there  is  such  a  thing  as  an  Alma 
Mater  and  hardly,  if  ever,  take  a  look  into  the  book, 
there  is  yet  the  minority  who  leave  its  sacred  pre- 
cincts with  tear-bedewed  eyes,  and  who  cherish 
every  remembrance  associated  with  their  schoo' 
life,  and  hold  the  grammar  school  diploma  as  the 
precious  thing  of  life,  and  who  spend  all  their 
leisure  moments  in  pursuing  the  educational  ])ortion 
which  they  failed  to  reach,  ere  they,  too,  step  out 
into  the  world,  determined  to  use  what  they  had 
learned,  to  their  best  advantage,  and  add  thereto,  in 
their  leisure  hours,  all  they  possibly  can  to  make 
theinselves  manly  men. 

It  was  not  until  iSS6  that  manual  training  was  introduced 
into  the  public  school  curriculum.  Among  the  many  things 
incorporated  therein,  few  indeed,  if  any.  have  proved  of  greater 
usefulness,  and  from  which  better  results  have  accrued,  than 
that  branch  of  study  known  as  manual  training.  On  its  intro- 
duction each  district  was  left  with  the  power  to  elect  its  own 
course.  This  course  was  continued  until  June,  1S92.  The 
State  Board  of  Public  Instruction  directed  the  then  State  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Schools,  to  prepare  a  course  of  study  for 
the  guidance  of  those  schools  which  had  incorporated  manual 
training  into  their  curricula,  or  might  hereafter  incorporate  it. 
While  Dr.  Poland,  the  Superintendent,  prepared  the  course 
with  great  care,  having  called  to  his  assistance  principals  of 
such  schools  as  had  adopted  it  in  their  course  of  study,  it  was 
soon  found  that  additions  and  changes  were  necessary,  and  as 
the  Doctor  honestly  stated  in  his  report,  that  the  course  as  laid 
down  was  merely  suggestive,  since  the  course  of  study  pursued 
"shall  be  approved  by  the  State  Board  of  Education." 

He  further  said,  this  a])proval  of  the  Hoard  was  the  condition 


ST.    PETliK'.S    PAROCHl.\L   SCHOOL,    LININGSTON   STREKr 


Sr.    P.\TRICKS    P.AROCHl.AL    SCHOOL.    CKNTRAL    AVIiNUK. 


precedent  to  the  appropriation  of  any  money  for  manual  train- 
ing purposes.  But  withal,  the  Board  did  not  interfere,  but  gave 
to  each  school  the  widest  range  and  largest  latitude  to  carry 
out  its  own  wishes,  both  ;is  to  number  of  maniial  training 
branches  to  be  pursued  and  the  amount  and  kind  of  instruction 
to  be  given.  But  in  the  exercise  of  this  large  liberty,  each 
school  had  the  good  sense  to  keep  close  up  to  the  course  laid 
down  in  order  that  the  purse  strings  might  be  easily  unloosed 
when  pay  day  came  around  Among  the  schools  of  Essex 
County  which  first  caught  hold  of  the  manual  training  innova- 
tion, as  some  of  those  who  questioned  the  propriety  of  its  in- 
troduction termed  it,  were  Montclair.  South  Orange,  Orange 
and  East  Orange,  taking  precedence  in  the  order  named.  The 
following,  appeared  in  the  rejjort  of  the  County  Superintendent 
to  the  State  Superintendent  of  public  schools  for  1S94.. 

"  Again  I  am  able  to  report  progress  in  these  beautiful  lines 
of  public  instruction.  Since  my  last  report,  East  Orange  has 
joined  the  ranks  of  the  rapidly  swelling  army  of  schools,  where 
the  pupils  have  the  wicket-gates  to  the  realities  of  life,  and  the 
business  of  the  world  thrown  open  to  them.  No 
step  backward  is  the  motto  in  this  county.  As 
yet,  Montclair  is  the  only  .school  where  I  am  able 
to  report  the  school  kitchen  open  to  the  young 
misses,  where  they  may  take  lessons  in  cooking  and 
liaking  and  good  coffee  making,  but  other  schools 
are  making  ready  the  little  bijou  of  kitchens  where 
the  young  misses  can  wrestle  with  high  art  cooking. 
No  one  cm  fully  understand  the  far-reaching  bene- 
fits of  teaching  along  these  lines  till  they  come  to 
a  full  realization  of  the  fact  how  very  few  of  the 
children  from  the  common  schools  have  oppor- 
tunity to  further  pursue  education.  The  kinder- 
garten has  come  to  stay.  This  I  .im  pleased  to 
report." 

The  love  of  trees,  shrubs,  plants,  etc.,  which  is 
springing  up  and  truly  nurtured  among  the  pupils 
of  almost  every  school,  which  the  celebration  of 
Arbor  Day  is  begetting,  is  a  beautiful  result  and 
well  worth  all  the  attention  bestowed.  The  follow- 
ing is  from  our  report  of  the  same  year — we  trust 
our    readers    will  feel,   as  we  do,    its    worthiness 


114 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


to  lioltl  a  place  in  these  pages:  "Arbor  Day.  A 
growing  love  for  Arbor  Day  among  all  the  schools 
is  slowly  forcing  upon  the  ]ieople  a  realization 
of  how  much  it  means  to  the  country  and  the  world. 
This  is  because  they  are  beginning  to  understand 
it  better.  The  reports  from  eacli  principal  of  the 
several  schools,  all  of  which  I  sent  to  your  ofike, 
show  pretty  conclusively  that  the  science  of  Fores- 
try is  being  accepted  as  a  living  theme." 

After  a  careful  reading  of  the  reports  of  the  co- 
workers in  the  same  official  capacity,  wc  find  about 
the  same  degree  of  regard  exercised  toward  these 
new  branches  of  educational  work,  and  especially 
is  this  true  of  the  liranches  mentioned.  That  there 
is  a  true  spirit  of  beneficence  arising  from  the  use 
of  calisthenics  none  can  deny  who  have  ever  watched 
the  results  accruing  from  a  judicious  employment 
of  calisthenics  as  a  part  of  the  daily  routine  of 
class  work  in  this  line.  Too  much  care  cannot  be 
eNercised  in  the  selection  of  teachers  in  this  branch 
of  ]nd)lic  instruction.  The  marked  difference  in 
the  walk  and  pose  of  young  girls  especialy,  cannot 
but  be  seen  by  the  most  casual  observer,  after  a 
well-conductetl  course  under  the  instruction  and 
guidance  of  a  teacher  versed  in  the  art.  Not  alone 
to  the  calesthenic  teacher  is  the  correction  of  the  faults  of 
walk,  pose,  etc.,  due,  but  to  the  resolute  way  in  which  he  or  she 
goes  about  the  work  of  puttnig  his  or  her  bony  framework  into 
the  positions  designed  by  the  great  architect,  having  its  begin- 
nings and  endings,  points  and  balances  just  where  each  will 
meet  the  other  in  perfected  harmony. 

We  have  not  the  space  to  pay  the  tribute  due  to  the  many 
workers  in  the  cause  of  education  in  Ksse.\  county,  but  ere  we 
write  the  word  finis,  we  will  touch  upon  the  birth,  career  and 
soiuething  of  the  life-work,  of  one  or  two  which  have  gained 
a  prominence  in  the  good  work,  which  we  trust,  will  be  read 
with  interest.  The  City  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools 
of  Newark,  Dr.  William  N.  Barringer,  has  written  his  name  high 
as  an  educator.  Like  many  of  our  leading  educators,  successful 
business  men  and  statesmen.  Dr.  Barringer  is  eminently  a 
self-made  man.  He  was  born  in  the  old  Empire  State'  and 
grew  up  a  farmer  boy.     He  was  blessed  only  with  the  advan- 


Sl',   lil-:NF.l)ICf  S  l'AKOt;nl..\I,  SCHOOL,  COR.  NI.4GAR.\  .AND  KORMORN    STS 


lnSEF'H.S    PAROCHI.VI.    SCHuOI,,    WALLACE    PLACE    AND    WARREN    ST. 


tages  of  the  tlistrict  school,  when  he  tried  a  term  or  two  in  the 
Troy  .Acailemv,  where  he  was  fitted  for  the  sophomore  class  of 
Union  College,  but  when  he  was  not  vet  seventeen,  a  chance  to 
make  ten  dollars  a  month  and  board  (around)  included.  In- 
accepted  instead. 

This  was  a  valuable  e.xperience,  and  young  Barringer  took 
advantage  of  every  line  of  the  same.  His  love  for  books  grew 
as  he  laboi-ed  earnestly  to  become  a  school  master  indeed,  and 
in  three  years  he  had  made  rapid  advances  in  the  higher 
branches  of  learning.  Teaching  seemed  to  come  to  young 
Barringer  cjuite  naturally,  and  he  was  always  ready  to  help  on 
any  movement  for  the  betterment  of  the  science  of  I^edagogy. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  National  Teachers  Association, 
and  the  New  York  State  Teachers'  Association.  For  awhile 
the  Doctor  studied  medicine,  showing  such  proficiency  as  led 
his  acquaintances  to  believe  that  he  would  make  his  mark  as  a 
physician,  but  he  abandoned  all  his  bright  medical  promises 
for  a  teacher's  life.  For  two  years  he  had  charge 
of  two  large  Troy  City  Schools.  While  there  he 
took  a  course  in  chemistry  and  physics  in  the  Tro\ 
Polytechnic  Institute,  and  holds  to-day  a  scholar- 
ship in  that  noted  institution,  gained  through  the 
help  he  gave  Professor  Green  in  reconstructing  the 
course  of  stud\-. 

From  1867  to  iiS//,  Dr.  Barringer  held  the  prin- 
cipalshi])  of  the  Chestnut  Street  School.  When 
Mr.  Sears  resigned.  Dr.  Barringer  was  called  to  the 
post  of  City  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools, 
uid  has  held  the  office  ever  since.  By  virtue  of  his 
^uperintendency  he  is  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
great  l^ublic  Library  of  the  city  of  Newark.  In 
I S92  Dr.  Barringer  visited  the  educational  insli- 
lutions  of  England,  France  and  Germany,  and 
delights  greatly  in  the  recognitions  he  received  from 
educationists  abroad.  The  fair  fame  which  the 
Doctor  had  earned  as  an  educator,  preceded  him 
and  ijrepared  the  way  for  that  cordial  reception 
which  to  him  was  awarded,  as  a  representative  of 
American  Educators,  and  the  Doctor  has  often 
said  repaid   him  doubly  well   for  the  oil  it  cost. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


11; 


Few  indeed  are  the  nuiiiber  among  us  wlio  seem  to  have 
been  designed  more  surely  for  the  road  in  which  they 
are  travelling,  than  the  City  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools. 
William  N.  Barringer.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century 
has  this  faithful  servant  gone  in  and  out  of  the  public  schools 
of  the  capital  city  of  the  County  of  Essex,  and  always,  so 
far  as  the  writer  has  been  able  to  discern,  with  satisfac- 
tion to  pupils,  parents  and  teachers,  and  honor  to  himself. 
When  Mr.  Barringer  took  hold  of  the  city  superintendency  of 
the  public  schools  of  the  city  of  Newark,  he  was  no  novice, 
but  he  came  to  the  work  with  a  fullness  of  years  and  com- 
pactness of  character  which  eminently  fitted  him  for  the 
place.  That  he  was  prepared  for  the  great  work  to  which 
he  was  called  by  education  and  practical  experience,  none 
who  knew  him  questioned,  and  the  results  of  all  the  long 
years  that  he  has  heroically  toiled,  so  that  when  his  steward- 
ship would  end.  he  could  hear  the  well  done,  and  enjoy  the 
blessed  privilege  of  carrying  the  certificate  of  having  been 
a  good  and  faithful  servant.  Not  alone  did  they  who  went 
in  and  out  each  day  with  William  N.  Barringer,  come  to 
a  full  understanding  of  his  eminent  qulifications  for  the  post 
he  held,  or  the  solidity  of  his  learning,  but  the  facts  were 
carried  to  Princeton  College,  Xew  Jersey's  grandest  educa- 
Uonal  institution,  which  honored  him  with  the  title  of  A.  M.. 
and  across  the  Hudson,  and  foimd  a  lodging  place  in  the 
rich  eilucational  soil  of  Gotham,  and  they  took  root  o\er 
there  and  bore  for  him  the  rich  fruit  of  a  Ph.  D.  from  the 
University  of  the  City  of  Xew  York. 

Now,  at  this  time    when    the  three  score  years   and    ten 
encircle  his  brow  with  its  silver  rim  but  not  without  his  mind 
being  as  clear  and  physical  strength  all  unabated,  the  honors 
and  emoluments  of  his  position  are  continued.     While  it  is  no 
p.iit  of  our  duty  to  eulogize  where  true  worth  does  not  commend 
it,  we  find  all  that  is  necessary  when  w-e  reach  the  gentleman 
and    scholar,  Mr.   U.  W.  Cutts,  who  for   the  past  decade    has 
been  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  in  the  city  of  Orange. 
That  Mr.  Cutts  has  such  qualifications,  which  eminently  fit  him 
for  school  supervisor,  none  who  know  him  will  deny.     While 
county  superintendent   of  public  schools,  it  became  our   duty, 
together  with  Superintendents  Cutts  and  Barringer,  to  condu'-t 
examinations  for  the   State  scholarship.     It  was   during  these 


TENtH    W.\RD    GEK.MA.N    AND    ENGLISH    SCHOOI,, 


GREEN    STREET   GERMAN    AXIJ    ENGLISH    SCHOOL. 

examinations  that  it  was  learned  how  thoroughly  they  w-erc 
de\'Oted  to  the  work,  and  how  eminently  worthy  they  were  of 
the  places  they  filled,  and  how  well  qualified  for  their  calling. 

Much  of  that  musical  taste  found  in  the  Orange  public 
schools,  is  due  to  Superintendent  Cutts,  but  we  would 
not  for  one  moment  detract  an  iota,  or  attempt  to,  from  others 
who  it  is  well  known  have  taken  a  deep  interest  in  securing 
proficiency  in  this  beautiful  branch  of  learning.  Indeed  in 
nearly  every  school  in  the  county  of  Essex,  music  is  now  taught, 
and  in  manv  of  them  the  pupils  are  making  such  progress  that 
many  of  the  children  on  leaving  school  will  show 
commendable  proficiency.  From  one  of  Superin- 
tendent Cutts'  late  reports  to  the  State  olTicials,  we 
learn  that  vocal  music  has  been  made  a  part  of 
the  regular  course,  and  under  a  special  instructor, 
and  this  has  been  going  on  for  twenty  years,  and 
for  the  past  few  years  the  schools  have  adopted 
what  is  termed  the  tonic  sol-fa  system,  which  is 
receiving,  in  some  places,  very  high  commendation. 
Connected  with  every  Catholic  Church  there  is 
the  parochial  or  church  school,  where  the  children 
of  Catholic  parents  are  expected  to  get  their 
schooling,  especially  in  their  earlier  years,  when 
those  seeking  higher  academic  or  collegiate  edu- 
cation are  transferred  to  the  Catholic  academies, 
colleges  and  seminaries.  As  both  St.  Benedict's 
and  Seaton  Hall,  and  many  others,  are  located  in 
this  county  of  Essex,  the  advantages  of  schooling 
under  church  influences  for  their  children  are  un- 
constrained. 

Patriotism  is  a  branch  of  education  which  has 
come  into  the  schools  since  the  w-ar  of  the  southern 
rebellion,  and  in  pursuance  thereof,  the  stars  and 
stripes,   as  one  of  the  regulations,  shall  float  from 


116 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Ilagstaff  or  school-lumse  |ieak  (■\  ery  day 
(luring  s<  hool  hours.  The  c  liildrL-n  are  to 
Ic-ani  patriotic  lessons  and  to  sinj^  patriotic 
son;;s.  'I'he  llags  were  usually  presented 
by  citizens  and  patriotic  associations,  initil 
the  session  of  the  State  Legislature  of  1896, 
when  a  law  was  enacted  entitling  every 
public  school  in  the  state  to  an  .American 
11, ig  anti  pole. 

Thk  'PowNSHll'    S\StEi\l. 

The  township  system  of  public  school 
edu<Mtion  h.is  taken  a  slron;^  hold  upon  the 
educational  minds  of  those  engaged  in  ((in- 
ducting |iubhc  school  matters  in  the  Si.ite 
of  New  Jers(\.  Th.it  Dr.  I'oland.  Lite  State 
.Superintendent  of  I'ublic  lnslru(  lion,  is  the 
father  of  the  s^slem  in  this  .Sl.ite.  Iheie  is  no 
doubt.  In  Ills  |)rclimin.ii'V  re|)o|-|  lo  the 
.St.ite  Hoard  ol  ICdu(  .ilmn.  he  |ia\s  .1  tiibule 
to  the  system  in  an  exhaustive  re\  iew  ot  Ihe 
l.iusof  other  States,  twentv-six  in  niunlier. 
which  h.id  aire. idv  adopted  the  s\stein,  ,ind 
in  copies  of  the  opinion,  on  the  subject,  ol 
ni.in\"  of  the  most  nolcd  educators  who  h.id 
pi, iced  their  \-eiws  on  record,  and  calls  p.ii-- 
lic  uKir  ,iltenlion  to  the  f,ict  th,il  in  the  opinion  ot  the  Slale 
Do, nils  of  J'ahication,  St.ite  School  Supei'intendcnts,  the  t/oni- 
niissioner  ot  I''.duc,ition  of  the  United  .Sl,iles  and  all  other 
educ.itionists  who  h.id  experience,  that  there  is  no  (|uestion 
in  their  minds  as  to  its  superiority  over  all  other  systems 
or  forms  of  school  organization,  and  particul.uK  so  in  regard 
to  the  old-fashioned  school  district  system.  He  gi\es  pecu- 
liar eni])hasis  to  the  f.ict,  that  as  far  hack  as  1839,  Hor.ice 
iM.mn.  one  of  the  greatest  educators  ever  raised,  made  use  of 
the  following  em]ihatic  language  in  one  of  his  reports  :  "  I  con- 
sider the  l,iw  of  1 7S9.  authorizing  towns  to  divide  themselves 
into  districts,  the  most  unfortunate  on  the  subject  of  common 
schools,  ever  enacted  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts." 

This  imbi.ised  judgment,  says  Dr.  Poland,  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished of  American  educators,  pronounced  o\er  tift\  \e,irs 
ago.  h.is  been  .illiiined  over  ,md  ()\'ei'  again  by  the  highest 
education.d  authorities  throu"hoiit  the  I'niled  Slates  and  world. 


I'AUK     AVICNUK    I'Ultl.IC    SCIIODI.. 


V.MI.SItURGH    PUBLIC    SCHOOL. 

That  this  essenti.il  weakness  of  our  common  school  system  h.r^ 
been  cle.irh'  .ipprehended  by  foreign  educitors.  is  shown  by  iIk 
follow  ing,  fi(im  the  \alual)le  work  of  Hon.  Francis  .Adams.  Sci  - 
retaiv  of  the  National  League  of  England,  on  the  free  sch(Hil 
SNStem  of  the  United  States,  in  which  he  says;  "Although  ai 
lirsl  slight  the  .ire.i  of  a  school  district  may  appear  to  be  an  un- 
import.mt  matter  of  detail,  yet  upon  it,  as  the  experience  of  tin 
United  Slates  has  proved,  the  efliciency  of  any  school  system 
largely  depends.  The  most  formidable  dilhcutly  which  tic 
American  system  has  encountered,  has  arisen  out  of  this  ques- 
tion. This  iswh.it  is  known  in  the  United  States  as  the  Uistri.  i 
System.  Wherever  it  still  exists  it  is  the  subject  of  the  most 
bitter  complaint  and  condemnation  amongst  school  superin- 
tendents and  officers. 

"  .Most  of  the  stales  have,  after  an  extended  trial  of  a  distiiit 
SNStem.  re-oig,ini/iil  under  the  township  plan,  ami  the  complete 
.ibolilion  of  the  former  s\steni,  if  it  can  be  secured  by  the 
almost  unanimous  condemnation  of  school 
officers  of  all  grades,  would  appear  to  be  a  ques- 
tion of  time  only,"  The  United  States  Com- 
missioner ,it  Washington  reported  as  follows  : 
"  The  oldest  American  educational  idea  was 
th.it  of  Massachusetts,  which  looked  to  one 
elementary  school  in  every  town  containing  fifty 
house-holders,  with  a  grammar  school  where 
there  were  hft\  more  house-holdeis.  A  some- 
what recent  but  more  widely  spread  idea,  was 
to  have  ordniary  schools  in  every  township,  a 
higher  school  for  each  county  and  a  college 
or  university  for  every  State. 

"The  township  was  the  unit  of  the  whole 
school  system,  and  many  thoughtful  men  are 
questioning  whether  it  ought  not  to  be  restored 
to  that  ])osition,  instead  of  being  broken  into 
incohesive  fragments  called  school  districts, 
as  is  common  now.  These  being  invariable 
characteristics  .is  results  of  the  two  systems, 
a  number  of  the  States  are  endeavoring  to 
get  rid  of  the  district  and  substitute  the  town- 
ship system.     The  voice  of  the   State  suiierin- 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  TLLVSTRATED. 


117 


WILLIAM    A.    (JAV,    PKliSIUENT    Ul' 
BOARD    OF  EDUCATION. 


theory  ;it  lenst.  the  State  guarantees  to  every  child  equal  school 
opportunities.  This  guarantee  has  amounted  to  nothing  in  the 
past,  so  far  at  least  as  the  rural  schools  are  concerned.  The 
State  school  moneys  raised  by  uniform  ta.x,  have  been  distri- 
buted to  the  several  districts  of  the  State  upon  the  presump- 
tion that  they  would  be  intelligently  and  economically  dis- 
bursed, but  evidence  is  not  lacking  that  in  scores,  if  not  hund- 
reds, of  the  small  districts  into  which  the  State  was  formally 
divided.  State  school  moneys  have  produced  comparatively 
small  returns. 

By  consolidating  the  school  districts  of  a  township  and  there- 
by unifying  their  administration,  are  making  them  a  charge 
upon  the  taxable  property  of  the  whole  township,  and  by  opening 
them  to  all  children  residing  therein,  the  first  great  step  toward 
ec|uality  will  be  taken.  Every  child  may  then  enjoy  the  best 
that  the  town  affords.  It  eciualizes  school  burdens.  There 
is  raised  annually,  by  State  tax,  for  the  support  of  schools,  an 
amount  equal  to  $5.00  per  capita  for  each  and  every  child  of 
school  age.   live  to  eighteen    years,   residing  within    the    .Stale. 


I)i;.  UKNKV  J.  ANUEI;bu.\,  t..\-l'Ki;SIDKNT 
OF  THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 


HON.  JAMES  L.  H.WS,  .MEMBER  Oh  STATE 
BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 


tendents  is  believed  to  be  uniformly  in  favor 

of    this   change."     IJr.  I'tiland    goes    father 

and  fortifies  his  advance  by  concise  and  easily 

understood  statements  as  to  its  advantages. 

First,  it  equ.ilizes  school  privileges.     Under 

the    old     system    the   schools   of   the    State 

ha\e   for  many   years    presented    the   widest 

diversity,    ranging    from    the    most    praise- 
worthy   excellence    to    the    most    dei)lor.ilile 

mediocrity. 

The  village  .unl  large  graded  schools  have, 

as  a  rule,  been   constantly  improving.     The 

majority  of   ungraded  rural    schools,  on   the 

contrary,  have    gradiialh    but  surely    deteri- 
orated.    This    result     is    tracealjle     to    the 

absence  of  one  or  more  of  the  foUow'ing  con- 
ditions :    suitable  buildings    and  appliances, 

cHicient  grading  and  courses  of  study,  school 

year  of  necessary  duration,  properly  (|ualif"ied 

teachers     and    efificient    expert    su])ervision 

favoring    local    conditions.     Under    the    old 

system    this    ine<]uality   of    conditions    was 

bound  to  exist,  hence,  anything  like  eqiialitv 

of  privileges  was  out    of    the  question.     In 

Of  the  amount  so  raised,  there  is  returned  to  each  county 
ninety  per  cent.  The  remaining  ten  per  cent,  is  distributed 
among  the  poorer  counties  by  the  State  Board  of  Education, 
in  their  discretion.  Here  there  is  the  principle  established  of 
t.axing  the  wealthier  parts  of  the  State  for  tlie  br-nefit  of  the 
poorer. 

I'RESIDKNT     WII.LIA.M     A.    CAY. 

No  wartl  in  the  city  of  Newark  is  more  fortunate  in  the  rep- 
resentati\es  she  has  in  the  P.oard  of  I'.ducation  than  the 
Eleventh.  One  of  her  representatives.  William  A.  Clay,  Esq., 
having  not  alone  the  confidence  of  the  peo|)le  of  the  ward,  in 
honoring  him  with  an  election  to  the  Board  in  the  first  place, 
but  also  of  the  body  itself,  in  awarding  to  him  the  distinguished 
consideration  of  its  elevating  Mr.  Gay  to  the  |)residency.  As 
our  readers  will  understand,  but  a  single  member  of  the  Board 
can  reach  the  place,  it  is  no  light  honor  his  having  been  selected 
for  the  exalted  position.  As  well  as  the  writer  has  been  able  to 
judge,  there  was  no  lack  of  tact  and  business  acumen  exercised 
when  the  selection  of  Mr.  William  A.  Gay  was  made,  as  one 
among  their  number  who  should  preside  over  their  deliberations,  guide  and  direct  their 
movements  and  wear  the  honors  of  the  first  position  within  their  gift.  William  A.  Gay 
is  one  of  those  kind  of  men  who  have  the  faculty  of  making  friends  without  an  effort, 
and  when  once  won  they  cling  with  magnetic  tenacity,  it  mattering  not  how  rapidly  the 
wheel  of  life  may  turn  or  how  great  the  changes,  as  in  all  public  positions,  places  of 
honor  and  trust  to  which  he  has  once  been  called,  it  is  but  his  determined  objection 
alone,  to  be  awarded  a  recall  or  re-election  when  his  first  term  shall  have  expired. 

That    Dr.    Henry    J.    Anderson, 
the  predecessor  of  President  Gay, 

was    a  man  in  the  right  place,  and  ^„     • 

was  looked  upon  as  an  honorable, 
careful  and  painstaking  presiding 
otficer,  since  we  ever  found  him  in 
liis  place,  and  engaged  in  conduc- 
ting the  business  of  the  Board,  un- 
selfish in  all  his  appointments,  and 
in  order  to  carry  out  his  determi- 
nation to  be  non-partisan,  he  more 
often  erred,  if  he  ever  erred,  against 
the   party  where  he   had   his   own 

|)olitical    affiliations.      Excellent '■ 

photos  of  President    Gay  and  Ex-  LAFAVETtE  street  public  school. 


118 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


r 


Presiik'iit  Aiukrsnii  are  seen  among  the  beautiful 
illustrations  in  this  work,  every  page  of  which 
sounds  its  own  praises. 

THE    BOROUGH    Ol'    V AI  LSIIL'RC.H. 

It  is  but  a  few  moons  ago.  or  incleeil  not  many, 
since  the  pretty  village  of  \'ailsburgh.  so  named 
in  honor  of  the  writer  of  tliis  work,  was  a  part 
and  parcel,  not  (piite  so  insignificant  as  some 
might  deem,  of  the  school  district  known  as  Colum- 
bia, .South  (Trange,  .After  this  it  became  a  district 
all  by  itself,  and  known  as  V'ailsburgh  No.  29  of 
Essex  County.  Under  the  district  system  it  grew 
and  prospered  until  the  surburban  \illage  took 
on  citv  dignities  and  became  the  borough  of  \'ails- 
hurgh.  with  a  Mayor  and  Board  of  Aldermen,  and 
had  to  itself  all  the  customary  dignitaries  and  city 
(borough)  oflicials.  The  new  township  free  school 
law  increased  its  Hoard  of  School  Trustees,  so 
that  now,  and  indeed  ever  since  the  city's  birth, 
the  Hoard  of  Management  of  its  very  excellent 
public  schools,  has  been  increased  to  nine  members, 
consisting  of  the  following  named  gentlemen,  citizens 
of  the  borough :  William  Welsher,  Frederich  A. 
Mock,  Ch.ules  H,  Smith,  Rev.  R.  H.  Cage.  .Alex- 
ander Volheye,  John  G.  Aschenback,  James  Hampton.  Borough 
Clerk  Wdliam  Billington  and  Alderman  E.  Nagle.  William 
Welsher  is  I^resident  of  the  ISoard,  and  Frederick  A.  Mock, 
District  Clerk. 

ST.  pkter's  parochi.\l  school. 

.Among  the  largest  and  one  of  the  very  best  conducted  of  the 
parochial  schools  of  the  city  of  Newark,  where  the  young  are 
taught,  is  that  in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter's,  the  immense  build- 
ings of  which  are  seen  on  Livingston  Street,  and  is  known  as 
the  Parochial  School  of  St.  Peter's  Church.  In  all  probability, 
this  is  the  largest  German  School  in  the  city  of  Newark.  The 
teachers  having  charge  are  selected  as  being  particularly  gifted 
and  thoroughly  well  prepared  for  their  high  calling  before  being 


/ 


,1^  C.-2^ 


Ll      i?i^ 


llliilDf 


RKAUINC;    ROOM    OF    THK    FREE    I'UBI.IC    I.ltiRARV. 


PLAUIS    MEMORIAL    HEL.RLW    SCHOOL,    OX    PRINCE    STREET. 


permitted  to  take  hold  of  the  classes  in  St  Peter's  and  attempt 
to  guide  tliem  through  intricate  mazes  of  their  early  school 
life,  therefore  it  is  that  the  pupils  who  have  had  the  advantages 
in  early  life  of  the  systematic  training  wdiich  is  found  within  the 
walls  of  St.  Peter's,  mark  high  in  the  race  of  life. 

Sr.  JOSEPH'S  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOL. 
.As  the  reader  passes  the  corner  of  Wallace  Place  and 
Warren  Street,  his  attention  cannot  help  ver\  well  from  being 
called  to  the  massive  buildings  in  which,  if  he  make  inquiry,  he 
will  be  told  is  housed  the  great  ptimary  educational  interests  of 
the  hundreds  who  make  St.  Joseph's  Church  their  religious 
home.  Those  buildings  to  which  we  refer  being  none  other 
than  those  pertaining  to  St.  Joseph's  Parochial  School,  the  largest 

Catholic  school  in  the  State 
of  New  Jersey.  Like  all  other 
schools  under  the  care  of  the 
Catholic  Church,  eveiy  care 
is  sought  to  be  taken,  not 
alone  to  hav-e  the  children 
thoroughlv  well  educated  in 
all  the  secular  branches  of 
learning,  but  also  that  the 
pupils  under  their  instruction 
shall  also  he  well  rooted  in 
spiritual  affairs,  it  being  a 
cannon  of  the  Catholic 
Church  that  learning,  both 
secular  and  religious  in  char- 
acter, shall  go  hand  in  hand 
in  life's  journey. 

sr.    PATRICK'S     PAROCHIAL 
SCHOOL. 

On  Central  Avenue,  ad- 
joming  the  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral,  is  located  the 
parochial  school  of  the  cathe- 
dral. This  institution  is  very 
large  as  well  as  being  very 
popular,  being  under  the  care 
of    the    Christian     ISrothcrs. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


119 


Many  of  the  young  men  of  Catholic  parentage 
take  great  pride  when  they  leave  for  ])roiiiotion,  or 
to  take  their  place  in  the  busy  worUl,  in  saluting 
this  school  as  their  A//>!a  Mater.  The  Sisters 
have  charge  of  the  primary  department,  where 
probably  a  greater  number  of  children  attend 
than  any  other  parochial  school  in  the  city,  except 
St.  James'.  St.  Patrick's  is  the  successor  of  St. 
Mary's  Hall,  which  was  formerly  conducted  on 
High  Street,  where  the  womens'  department  of  St- 
Michael's  Hospital  now  stands,  and  was  founded 
by  the  venerable  Father  Senez.  who  at  that  time 
was  pastor  of  St.  Patrick's  Church. 

ST.  M.\RV  MAGDALEN. 
In  a  little  frame  structure  on  Lister  .-Xvenip 
the  Rev.  Father  Wiseman,  with  heroic  Christi.in 
devotion,  is  meeting  with  marked  success  in  his 
endeavor  to  build  up  a  parish  from  the  oiitMn- 
districts  immediately  surrounding  this  church.  1'.-, 
turning  to  page  67  of  this  book,  the  reader  uil 
see  a  photographic  picture  of  the  modest  structure 
in  which  Father  Wiseman  is  carrying  out  the 
beautiful  injunction  which  the  Master  gave  to  St. 
Peter,  of  "  Feeding  my  Sheep." 

THE    NEWARK    FREE    I'UIU.IC    I.IIJRARV. 

Never  since  the  history  of  the  world  began  has  there  been 
perpetrated,  against  the  learning  of  mankind,  a  more  henious 
offense  or  a  more  dastardly  crime,  than  was  perpetrated  by  the 
Moslems  after  the  capture  of  the  renowned  city  of  Ale.\;mdria, 
when  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  capturing  army  of  the 
inhdel    horde,    wantonly   committed    to    the    flames    the   yreat 


L 


.NEWARK.    TEt  IINICAL    .SCHOOL,    O.N    HIGH    STREEt. 


library  of  the  city,  which  contained  the  greatest  collection  of 
books,  pam|)hlcts  and  manuscripts  in  the  world.  It  was  not  the 
audacious  crime  alone  of  burning  the  library,  of  committing  lo 
the  ll.inies  tlu-  literary  treasures  of  all  preceiling  ages,  but  the 
fact  that  many  of  the  volumes  which  had  been  gathered  at  a 
mighty  expenditure  from  all  parts  of  the  globe,  many  of  which 
were  of  the  greatest  value  and  could  not  be  replaceil,  there  being 
no  du|)licates.  when  their  precious 
I  contents    had    crumbled   to    ashes 

V  and  had  gone  up  in  the  and  smoke, 

amid  the  exultations  of  the  savage 
hordes  who  made  up  the  army  of 
destruction  and  loot, 

Which  danced  arouiu!  this  funer.il  pyre 

of  history. 
Where    tlie    wrCTthing   smoke    Irft    ilie 

world  in  mystery. 
The  half  millidn   voUniies  of  book  lore 

furnishing  llie  fuel. 
To  feed  ihe  fire  consuming,  earili'sljeauti- 

ful  jewels. 

'Twas   there,  through    this    unhcaid    of 

MahoTuinedan  dastardy. 
That    Mahnmmet's    deluded    converts 

sougl'it  the  mastery. 
Wading  through  hlood,  fire  .ind  smoke, 

to  rob  the  world. 
And  leave   the  flag  of  ignorance  to  the 

breeze  unfurled. 

Among  the  black  pages  of  his- 
tory, and  theie  are  not  a  few,  it 
would  seem  that  there  are  none 
more  wantonly  and  cruelly  be- 
grimed or  to  compare  with  that  one 
fV'j  I'age  whereon  is  written  the  history 
of  the  horror  known  as  the  sacking 
'if  Egypt's  capital  and  the  burning 
of  the  Alexandrian  Librarj-.  For 
quite  five  centuries  of  time,  the  war 
which  the  followers  of  Mahommet 
waged  was  so  relentless  in  char- 
acter that   historians   tell   us,  that 


120 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /..  ILLUSTRATED. 


it  did  seem  at  une  time  as  lhouj;h  the  Hashing  cimeters  of 
the  Moslems  would  cut  dcjwn  all  Christendom.  But  the 
world  gradually  reco\  ere<l,  and  with  its  recovery  new  librarys 
were  established,  and  among  them  is  the  Newark  Free  Public 
Library.  e.\terior  and  interior  views  of  which  are  presented  on 
the  pages  of  this  illustrated  souvenir,  and  which  contains  up- 
ward of  fifty  thousand  well-selected  and  neatly  bound  volumes 
and  according  to  the  report  of  the  able  and  courteous  Librarian, 
Fraid<  1'.  f-lill.  Ls(|..tlH-  institution  is  doingaworkof  which  every 
citizen  should  feel  proud.  The  library  is  handsomely  housed  in 
the  well  constructed  and  imposing  brow-n  stone  structure  located 
on  West  I^u'k  Street,  between  I'road  and 
Halsey  Streets. 

The  Hoard  of  Trustees  for  1S97  consist 
of  Hon.  James  M.  Seymour,  Mayor  of  New- 
ark ;  Su|5erintendent  of  Public  Schools  Gil- 
bert, Messrs.  Edwaid  H.  Duryea,  James 
Taffe,  William  Johnson,  James  Peabody 
and  James  E.  Howell.  These  gentlemen 
are  in  love  with  their  work,  anil  aim  to  so 
manage  the  affairs  of  the  free  lil)rary  that 
the  greatest  good  may  accrue  to  the  great- 
est number. 

THE    NEWARK     IICHNICAI.    SCHOOI,. 

To  the  man  who  nourished  the  thought 
out  of  which  grew  the  fact  of  a  technical 
school  for  the  city  of  Newark,  belongs  an 
honor  which  nobody  would  ever  attempt  to 
gainsay  or  cause  it  to  ])ale  for  one  moment, 
in  the  sight  of  any  true  citizen  of  this  great 
industrial  city.  The  good  which  this  institu- 
tion has  already  done,  the  grand  work  it  has 
accomplished  in  the  contracted  quarters  in 
which  in  li\ed  and  added  new  luster  to 
the  conception  of  the  promise  of  the  erec- 
tion, at  an  early  date,  of  buildings  suitable 
for  the  purpose  of  conducting  a  technical 
school  in  a  city  of  more  than  200,000  in- 
habitants. .\lthough  but  a  single  decade  of 
years  have  gone  into  the  im]ienetrable 
haze  of  the  past,  the  school  not  having  been 
organized  until  1885,  yet  an  amount  of 
work  has  been  accomplished  which  could 
hardly  have  been  expected,  since  the  t|uartcrs 
in  which  the  techniques  were  for  the  most 
of  the  time  housed.  .So  contracted  have 
they  been  that  to  have  m.ide  such  wonderful 
jirogress  would  seem  almost  impossible. 

Since  the  technical  school  came  into  the 
educational  arena  for  malcrnily  honors, 
eighty-two  studints  have  passed  the  pre- 
scribed iiulustrial  educational  course,  all  of 
whom  delight  to  recognize  the  young  insti- 
tution, their  A/1//1!  Afii/er.  These  graduates 
having  the  same  kindly  feeling  toward  their  mother  institution 
as  the  graduates  of  nearly  all  other  educational  institutions  do, 
have  organized  an  A/ma  Mater  Society  in  order  to  keep  strong 
the  tie  which  binds.  It  is  not  because  their  deeds  are  evil  that 
they  do  their  work  after  the  dark  sets  in.  The  sessions  of  the 
school  are  held  in  the  evening  in  order  to  give  those  attending, 
opportunity  "  to  work  to  li\e."  as  the  masses  who  wish  to  climb 
and  keep  on  climbing  the  hill  of  knowledge,  while  working  by 
day,  must  needs  study  at  night  or  not  study  at  all. 

The   same  kindly  care  which  the  State   extends  to    kindred 
institutions  she  does  not  fail  to  extend  toward  this,  and  were 


it  not  for  the  support  which  comes  from  the  treasury  of  the 
State,  men  who  have  won  fame  and  were  permitted  to  cultivate 
the  talent  they  possessed,  and  which  needed  but  the  develop- 
ment which  came  through  the  technical  school,  would  have 
lain  dormant  perhaps,  for  years  or  lost  forever  had  it  not  been 
for  the  blessed  opportunities  offered  by  the  evening  classes. 
The  Governor  of  the  Slate  is  President  Ex-Ofticio.  Hon. 
James  M.  Sevmoiu',  .Mayor  of  Newark,  is  also  Ex-Ofhcio.  Its 
corps  of  instructors,  with  Charles  A.  Colton,  E.  M,,  at  the  head 
as  director  and  instructor  in  chemistry  and  physics  ;  Fred  W. 
Fort,  A.  M.,  Cornelius  S.  Thatcher,  C.  B.,  and  Albert  B.  Wilson, 


ENTRANCE    HALT.    AMI    STAIUWAV 


PUIU.IC    LIKRARV. 


mathematics;  .Albert  Jacobi,  descriptive  geometry  and  theory 
of  cutting  tools:  James  Kinselli,  free-hand  drawing:  Maurice 
A.  Mueller,  M.  E.,  mechanical  drawing  and  mechanical  engin- 
eering :  Fred  S.  Sutton,  architectural  drawing;  William  Kent, 
M.  E.,  lecturer  on  steam  engineering,  will  compare  most 
favorably  with  the  faculty  of  any  similar  institution  in  the 
State  or  nation.  It  will  be  a  glad  day  for  the  scientifically  in- 
clined among  our  young  men,  and  women  too,  for  that  matter, 
when  the  new  home  shall  be  completed,  that  they,  one  and  all, 
may  have  opportunity  to  satisfy  their  craving  for  more  light, 
along  the  ways  where  they  have  been  groping  in  semi-darkness. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N,  U  AND  ITS  GOVERNMENT. 


i^^^K|HA'r  the  people  of  Essex  County 
ire.  as  a  rule,  quiet  and  law- 
ibiding,  has  almost  irrefutable 
demonstration  in  the  fact  that  the 
present  modest  structure  called 
a  Court  House  situated  at  the 
junction  of  Market  Street  and 
Springfield  Avenue,  Newark,  is 
now  and  has  been  for  the  past  half  century 
and  more,  of  a  capacity  to  hold  all  the  litig- 
ants and  lawbreakers  when  on  trial  who  might 
assemble  within  its  walls  at  any  one  time  or 
for  any  other  definite  purpose. 

This  Court  House,  for  which  the  people  have 
a    particular   kind    of  reverence   and   which    is 
venerated  apparently  above  all  other  buildings, 
was  built  many  years  ago  of  sample  brown  stone 
from    the   ciuarries    which   have   their   outputt- 
ings  along  the  easterly  border  of  the  county — 
as  more  fully  made  manifest  in  an  earlier  chapter 
of  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  Illustrated— ex- 
tending deep    into    the   hillsides  bordering  the 
Passaic    and     extending   from  Eighth  Avenue, 
in  Newark,  to  North    Belleville,   or    Avondale. 
Its  architecture,   once   seen,  will   make  an   impression   on    the 
stranger  which   will   carry  his   thoughts   back   to   the  days   of 
Alexander  the  Great  and   to  the  city  he  built  at  the   mouth  of 
the  Nile,  where  these  thoughts  may  revel   in  the  architectural 
displays,  evolvements  from  the  genius  of  Egypt's  bright   sons. 
Whether   the   stone   ever   raised  any  objection   to  their   being 
wrought  into  a  style  architectural  so  far  away  we  know  not,  but 
this  we  do    know  — when    the    project  of  a  new  Court   House 
is  broached  and  the  question  warms  to  the  height  of  a  local  contest. 

the  old  Court 
House  w  i  n  s 
the  fight. 

The  building 
is  two  stories 
and  attic  and 
is  surmounted 
with  a  unique 
belfry  in  which 
hangs  the  bell 
which  has 
sounded  the 
knell  of  prison 
fate  to  e  V  i  1- 
doers  who, 
])  e  r  c  h  a  n  c  e, 
came  over 
from  the  sister 
city  of  New- 
York  to  try 
pastures  green 
and  fields 
that  w  ere 
JUDGE  ALBERT  A.  DEPUE,  fau'er,  aucl  got 


ESSE.X    COUNTY    COURT    HOUSE. 


caught  by  our  ever  alert  [jolice.  The  lot  of  many  a  "  smart  " 
fellow  who  believed  that  his  education  was  finished  in  the 
criminal  schools,  of  New  York  City,  where  he  had  studied 
hard  for  years  and  where  he  had  taken  these  lessons  in 
outwitting  the  home  police,  until  he  felt  that  he  had  a  right 
of  putting  into  practice  just  across  the  Hudson  where  his 
teachers,  whom  he  had  been  taught  to  look  upon  as  them- 
selves experts,  feared  to  practice  their  own  lessons.  Yet,  lo  ! 
the  brightest  of  the  schools  find  themselves  foiled  in  their  first 
and  most  carefully  laid  plots,  and  having  been  caught,  are 
compelled  to  spend  many  years  m  the  Jersey  prisons  in  hard 
study  again  in  learning  how  to  make  shoes  and  break  stones 
scientifically. 

Within  the  walls  of  this  Court  House- the  style  of  archi- 
tecture of  which  is  so  decidedly  ancient  that  it  gives  an  appear- 
ance to  the  visitor  much  more  in  harmony  with  that  of  ye  very 
far  distant  olden  times  than  of  that  which  prevailed  when  it 
was  built,  little  more  than  a  half  century  ago,  with  the  winged 
gods  of  the  Egyi)tians  in  view-  as  a  model  to  go  by— have  been 
enacted  many  startling  and  pathetic  scenes.  Not  in  the  number 
of  these  enactments  is  there  reason  to  boast,  but  of  the  heart- 
breaking character  of  some  and  the  utter  hopelessness  of 
others.  The  catalogue  of  heinous  offences  is  short,  indeed, 
against  the  majesty  of  the  law  and  the  quickness  of  the 
measure  of  the  punishment  meted  out,  has  satisfied  the  leaders 
in  crime  that  distance— when  all  things  else  are  taken  into  con- 
sideration—lends enchantment,  and  the  examples  presented  for 
their  careful  consideration  by  our  generous-hearted  judges,  to 

the  view.  . 

If  there  was  as  much  charm  connected  w-ith  the  story  of  its 
building  as  about  the  selection  of  ihe  spot  of  terra  firma  on  which 
it  stands,  a  few  pages  on  that  part  of  Essex's  history  would  not 
be  out  of  place,  but  it  must  be  sufficient  to  say  that  the  election 


122 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


SHERIFF    HKRMAN    LI.HI.HACH. 


or  fight  for  its  location  between 
Elizabethtown  and  Newark  was  one 
of  the  most  exciting  the  county 
ever  knew. 

What,  in  all  probability,  gave  the 
hner  touches  to  the  artistic  beauty 
which  surrounded  the  finished  pic- 
ture on  all  its  sides  after  the  elec- 
tion had  settled  the  location  of  the 
house  in  favor  of  Newark,  was  the 
fact  that  the  ladies  had  taken  part 
jn  the  election,  which  required  a 
straight  run  of  three  days  to  finish. 
Even  the  school  children  enacted 
a  truly  important  part,  as  those 
who  could  write  were  drummed 
into  the  service  and  their  little 
fingers  were  covered  with  ink  from 
the  pen  with  wdiich  they  were 
writing.  Printed  tickets  or  stick- 
ers being  an  article  then  unknow  n, 
a  mystery  yet  left  hidden  in  the 
tomb  of  the  future.  Not  so  the 
fine  art  of  ballot-box  stuffing  which 
for  the    past  few    years    has  been 


once  again  drawn  forth  from  the  hiding-place  where  these 
gentlemen  and  lady  Court  House  locators  had  buried  its 
bruised  and  mangled  form  embalmed,  and  from  which  the 
self-appointed  ballot  box  purificaiors  of  our  own  day  had  wrested 
it  and  who  had  not  thus  easily  escaped,  but  being  caught  red 
handed  flirting  the  old  mummy  in  full  gaze  of  the  honest  voter 
and  not  a  few  of  whom  threw  up  their  hands  in  the  presence 
of  the  judge,  and  pointing  over  their  shoulders  with  their  thumbs, 
made  rosy  red  the  faces  of  others  who  had  been  engaged  in 
the  nefarious  business  and  fell  under  the  thumbs'  shadow,  and 
marched  forth  to  the  court  crier's  "  yeh  yah  "  to  receive  their 
just  deserts. 

To  what  extremes  the  contest  for  the  location  of  the  Court 
House  was  carried,  makes  the  history  of  that  short  period  in 
Essex  County's  history  quite  interesting,  but  as  it  deals  with 
what  is  told  in  very  few  words,  we  will  only  show  to  what 
depths   the   struggle   reached    and    how   bitterly   the   factions 


opposed  each  other  by  quoting  a  sentence  from  Mr.  Atkinson's 
"  History  of  Newark,"  which  covers  an  occurrence  which  shows 
the  character  of  the  contest : 

"  It  is  related  that  two  highly  respectable  young  Newarkers, 
William  Halsey  and  Seth  Woodruff,  rode  to  Elizabethtown  in  a 
gig  during  the  pendency  of  the  election  and  were  assaulted  with 
a  bucket  of  tar  thrown  on  them  by  one  Austin  Penny  who,  it  is 
believed,  was  afterward  indicted  and  punished." 

Elizabeth  was  then  a  part  of  Essex  County  and  such,  says 
Mr.  Atkinson,  was  the  height  to  which  locality  feeling  ran  that 
it  became  dangerous  for  Newarkers  to  visit  Elizabethtown,  and 
vice  versa. 

If  we  have  not  wearied  the  patience  of  our  readers  too  much 
in  lingering  too  long  around  the  walls  of  our  County  Court 
House  at  the  junction  of  Market  Street  and  Springfield  Avenue, 
or  satiated  the  appetite  for  the  beautiful  and  strangeness  in 
archicecture  by  keeping  the  gaze  too  long  fixed  on  Egypt's  art 


EX-FREEHOLDER,    GEO.    WII.HEI.M. 


as  presented  in  those  reminders 
of  Pharaoh  the  Great's  exemplifi- 
cations looking  out  from  the 
sculptured  windows  and  away 
along  down  the  line  of  the 
centuries  to  the  time  when  the 
pyramids  were  built  or  the  hosts 
of  Israel  went  out,  you  have 
our  invitation  to  step  within  its 
hallowed  walls  where,  in  the 
footsteps'  echoes,  is  heard  the 
forensic  eloquence  of  thousands 
whose  fame  has  reached  as  far 
as  the  Nile's  architects  are. 

The  court  rooms  are  opened 
wide  with  tipstaffs  venerable 
and  bright,  to  point  out  the  very 
spot  where  this  young  lawyer 
or  that  took  his  first  lessons  in 
jury  deceiving,  and  where  they 
garnered  knowledge  which  the 
old  men  eloquent  shook  from 
Blackstone's  forensic  trees. 


COUNTY  CLERK  J. 


WRIGHTSON. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


123 


EX-MAYOK  JULIUS  A.  LEBKUECHER. 


During  all  its  palmy  days  no 
court  house  could  have  a  better 
record  made,  and  had  the  wizard 
Edison  been  ready  with  his  novel 
device  called  the  phonograph  their 
voices  to  catch,  or  had  this  been 
the  good  fortune,  the  eloquence, 
the  logic,  and  even  the  sympathetic 
tear,  having  been  caught  by  the 
wizzard's  machine,  would  come 
forth  at  call  of  some  young  limb 
of  the  law  who,  having  forgotten 
all,  could  have  immediately  at  hand 
the  sarcasm  of  William  (Speaker  i 
Pennington,  the  logic  of  a  Bradlev, 
who  carried  law  lore  in  his  heail. 
and  ever  after  the  presidential 
wrestle  between  Tiklen  and  Hayes, 
wore  on  his  face  presidential  fate. 
Indeed,  to  the  rescue  hundreds 
might  come  to  help  out  his  elo- 
quence and  perhaps  win  his  case 
if  care  enough  was  taken  as  the 
crank  was  turned  to  bring  up)  the 
right  man  at  the  right  time  and  in 


EX-FKEEMOLDEK    C.  C.    COLKiL.N. 


the  right  place,  for  surely  'twould  seem  a  trifle  queer  to  here 
strike  on  the  listening  jurors'  ear,  rare  bits  of  true  eloquence 
as  the  time  drew  near,  or  one  of  those  grand  perorations  of  a 
Frelinghuysen,  a  Runyon  or  a  Parker,  when  all  that  was 
wanted  was  what  the  forgotten  alone  could  supply — that  sympa- 
thetic tear  so  effective  when  seen  by  big-hearted  jurors. 

What  Edison,  the  wizard,  or  Weston,  the  marvellous  electri- 
cian, may  do  in  this  line  in  the  future  we  know  not,  but  will 
present  a  horoscope  quite  clear,  and  reserve  for  a  closing 
chapter,  for  since  patience  is  such  a  bright  jewel  we  have  reason 
to  wait,  since  it  has  been  whispered  that  one  or  the  other  will 
invent  a  machine  which  will  not  alone  re-echo  the  evidence  and 
pleadings  then,  perhaps,  go  further  and  try    the   whole   case. 

ESSEX  COUNTY    HOSPITAL  FOR    THE    INSANE. 

ESSEX    County    is  widely    known    for   the  high    standard 
of   its  charitable   and    penal  institutions.     The   Hospital 
for    the    Insane    is  recognized    as    the     model    county   insti- 


FREEHOLDER   JOHN    J.    HANLV. 


tution  of  its  class  in  the  United  States.  The  motive  for  its 
establishment  was  occasioned  by  the  overcrowed  condition  of 
the  only  State  asylimi  at  Trenton,  where  in  1S71,  Essex  main- 
tained 1 10  patients.  The  Committee  on  Lunacy  of  the  Board  of 
Freeholders,  then  composed  of  D.  J.  Canfield,  Wm.  M.  Freeman, 
Wm.  Gorman,  M.  Smith  and  Wm.  Cadmus,  after  vain  efforts 
to  secure  entrance  for  Essex  patients  in  asylums  of  adjoining 
States,  reported  in  1872,  the  necessity  of  establishing  an  asylum 
for  the  insane  in  the  county.  On  the  prompt  action  of  the 
Board,  the  Camden  Street  site  was  secured,  and  S'5.6oo  was 
expended  in  buildings  which  were  enlarged  as  the  occasion 
required.  The  Camden  Street  site  was  ready  for  occupancy  in 
August,  1872,  and  received  as  a  transfer  from  the  Stale  Asylum 
fifteen  patients,  and  nineteen  from  the  Newrak  Almshouse,  who 
had  been  temporarily  cared  for.  Major  John  Leonard  was  ap- 
pointed Warden  and  Dr.  J.  A.  Cross,  visiting  physician. 

In  1873  the  Committee  on  Lunacy,  composed  of  D.  J.  Canlleld, 
Dr.  D.  S.  Smith,  T.  H.  Smith,  D.  M.  Skinner  and  Edgar  Farmer, 
(the  director)  reported  the  necessity 
of  procuring  a  permanent  site  for  the 
asylum.  Finally,  the  South  Orange 
,\venue  site  was  selected,  and  in  1S83 
after  public  sentiment  had  gradually 
grown  in  favor  of  it,  the  new  asylum 
was  partially  completed  and  ready  foi 
occupancy  in  1884.  The  Camden 
Street  building  became  much  over- 
crowded, and  over  300  patients  were 
removed  to  the  new  buildings  Nov.  9. 
1894. 

The  Grand  Jury,  of  which  Leslie  D. 
Ward  was  foreman,  made  a  present- 
ment during  that  year,  advising  better 
direct  medical  care  of  the  county  in- 
sane. At  the  September  meeting  of 
the  Board,  James  E.  Howell  intro- 
duced a  resolution  changing  the  system 
of  direct  management,  from  that  of 
warden  to  that  of  a  competent  medical 
officer  as  Superintendent,  similar  to  the  freeholder  c.  w.  heilman. 


124 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED, 


management  of  State  insli- 
t  u  t  i  o  n  s  tlirf)uobout  this 
country.  At  the  Nov.  meet- 
ing Dr.  Livingston  S.  Hinck- 
ley was  elected  to  the  office 
of  Superintendent  and  entered 
on  his  duties  Nov.  19,  1SS4. 
He  lias  continued  in  his 
present  position  during  twelve 
years  of  service,  though  the 
political  complexion  of  the 
Board  has  changed  twice 
during  that  period.  Dv. 
Hinckley's  devotion  to  his 
work  has  won  for  him  the 
confidence  of  the  pulilic 
throughout  the  county,  ami 
his  fame  as  an  expert  in  in- 
sanity has  spread  far  and 
wide. 

Since  he  has  been  in  charge,  the  construction  of  the  building 
has  been  completed  on  the  original  plans,  and  consists  of  com- 
pact buildings  three  and  four  stories  in  height,  containing  seven- 
teen wards.  Eighteen  hundred  patients  have  been  under  obser- 
vation; the  average  percentage  of  recoveries  have  been  25  per 
100  admitted,  and  the  death  rate  average  is  5  per  cent,  of  the 
whole  number  treated.  This  record  speaks  volumes  for  the 
effective  care  given  liy  this  energetic  and  progressive  physician. 
He  is  now  in  the  prime  of  life,  was  born  in  Albany,  1S55.  is 
a  direct  descendant  on  one  side  from  Sir  Thos.  Hinckley,  one  of 
the  Governors  of  Plymouth,  Mass.,  and  Gen.  Warren  of  Bunker 
Hill,  and  on  the  other  from  Gen.  Schuyler  who  aided  the 
colonies  by  defeating  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga.  Space  will  not 
allow  of  expansion  of  the  many  improvements  that  have  been 
made  in  the  care  of  our  insane.  Manv  have  been  obtained  only 
after  years  of  toil  and  convincing  argument.  One  feature  that 
has  given  this  institution  distinction,  is  the  method  adopted  by 
Dr.  Hinckley  of  educating  attendants  to  become  trained  nurses, 
fitted  not  only  for  insane  cases  but  efficient  in  any  medical  or 
surgical  emergency.     His  school  begun  in  18S6.  was  the  fourth 

established  in 
asylums  of  the 
U.  S.,  and  re- 
cently gradu- 
ated ten  train- 
ed nurses  in 
Us  ninth  class. 
r  h  i  s  school 
li.is  an  alumni 
I  if  81  gradu- 
iiis,  one  third 
"I  whom  aie 
11  I-  n  .  Many 
ire  practicing 
-  iiccessful  ly 
:liiir  profes- 
■I'Mi  in  private, 
ii:d  the  hospi- 
l.il  is  constant- 
e(|uipped 
with  a  large 
coriis  of  tr.iin- 
'  il  nurses. 

In    1893,  he 
made  a  strong 


LIVINGSTO.N   S.    HINCKLKV,    M.   D.,   SUPT. 


ESSKX    LOUNl'V    HOSl^lTAI.    F(.lR     1  H  E    i.N'SANE. 


plea  for  change  in  the  title  of  the  institution  from  asylum  to  ho- 
pital,  the  Board  finally  adopting  this  innovation  in  1894.  Tin 
hospital  is  much  overcrowded  and  it  has  been  deemed  inadvi-. 
able  to  add  any  more  to  the  present  vast  structure.  Tho^ 
McGowan,  the  director  of  the  Board,  who  has  forseen  tin 
present  exigencies,  wisely  secured  and  purchased  185  acres  I'l 
land  in  Verona  township,  where  a  branch  hospital  is  now  undi  1 
construction  under  original  advisory  plans  made  by  Dr.  Hinck- 
ley and  in  which  he  is  most  deeply  interested. 

Mr.  McGowan,  of  Bloomfield,  the  present  director  of  the  Board, 
is  the  senior  continuous  member  who  has  given  his  attention 
to  the  interests  of  Essex  County  unremittingly  for  the  past 
twenty  years,  and  to  whom  its  citizens  owe  a  large  debt  of 
gratitude  for  the  discretion  and  purity  of  purpose  that  has 
actuated  his  motives. 

THE  COURTS  OF   ESSEX  COUNTY. 

THE  following  interesting  and  instructixe  epitome  of  the 
original  history  of  the  court  of  Essex  County,  of  its 
judiciary  and  of  the  men  who  have  adorned  its  bench,  and  whose 
names  are  res])ected,  and  whose  opinions  are  honored  all  over 
the  woiid, 
was  collat- 
ed for  the 
N  e  w  a  r  k 
V,t//j'  Ad- 
71  c  >■  t  i  s  e  r , 
a  n  d  ap- 
peared in 
th.it  paper 
in  its  edi- 
tion of  Dec. 
13.  1894; 

"  T  here 
were  abso- 
lutely n  o 
courts  in 
New  Jersey 
untler  the 
o  r  i  g  i  n  ,1 1 
rulers,  nor 
until  1675. 
when  t  h  e 
General 
Assembly  ex-fkeeholuer  p.'vtkick  lupton. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


125 


EX-FREEHOLDER   SOLOMON    DE  JONGE. 


__^  proceeded  to  act  under  the 
powers  conferred  upon  it  by 
Lord  John  Berkeley  and  Sir  Philip 
Carteret  in  the  first  Constitution 
of  New  Jersey,  to  'constitute 
all  courts,  together  with  the 
limits,  powers  and  jurisdictions 
of  the  same." 

"On  Novemljer  13,  1675,  t'^e 
General  Assembly  enacted  'that 
there  be  two  of  the  aforesaid 
courts  kept  in  the  year  in  each 
respective  county.'  In  the  act, 
Newark  and  Elixabethtown  were 
constituted  a  county,  but  the 
county  was  not  named.  The 
original  boundaries  of  the  county 
were  fixed,  and  the  name  of 
Essex  determined  in  1682,  The 
fees,  the  terms  of  court,  the 
officers  and  the  judges  were  all 
provided  for  with  the  greatest 
detail  and  nicety. 

"  Another   act,  passed  at   the 


^    J 

-"•^       / 

M^ 

* 

~^^ 

i 

*1 

i 

iK   A  I  -1    \\\ 


same  time,  provided  for  a  '  Court  of  .Assize  to  be  held  in  this 
province'  annually  in  the  town  of  Woodbridge,  the  fees 
being  twice  the  fees  of  the  County  Courts.  This  was  the 
original  Supreme  Court.  It  was  provided  that  no  appeal  was  to 
betaken  from  a  decision  of  a  County  Court  in  any  case  in  which 
the  amount  involved  was  under  twenty  pounds.  When  the 
Lord  Proprietor's  rights  were  sold  to  the  twenty-four  I  roprie- 
tors  in  1682,  one  of  the  articles  in  their  '  Fundamental  Con- 
stitution '  was  that  all  persons  were  to  plead  in  any  court,  either 
for  themselves  or  for  their  friends,  but  that  no  person  was 
allowed  to  take  any  money  for  pleading  or  for  legal  advice. 
This  was  because  of  an  act  of  1676.  which  forbade  Justices  of 
the  Peace  to  plead  in  court,  except  in  cases  in  which  they 
were  either  the  complainants  or  defendants. 

"The  first  real  law  for  regulating  the  practice  of  law  was 
passed  about  1689,  and  was  entitled  'An  .Act  for  Regulating 
Attorneys  in  this  Proxince.'  It  laid  a  fine  of  twenty  pounds 
upon  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Sheriffs,  Clerks  of  the  Courts  and 
others  who  should  iiractice  law  in  the  (omts.  except  in  their 


own  personal  behalf.  It  was  proposed,  in  169S,  that  a  law  should 
be  passed,  limiting  the  practice  of  the  law  for  '  fee  or  hire'  to 
such  as  should  be  'admitted  to  practice  by  license  by  the 
Governor.'  This  law  was  not  enacted  because  Jeremiah  Basse, 
who  was  acting  as  Governor,  who  had  been  ordered  by  the 
Proprietors  to  have  the  law  passed,  was  not  legally  the  Gover- 
nor and  was  very  unpopular. 

"  In  1702  the  government  of  the  Province  was  turned  over 
to  the  Crown  by  the  Proprietors,  and  Lord  Cornbury,  in  1704, 
ordained  the  establishment  of  the  '  Courts  of  Judicature,'  in  an  in- 
strument which  forms  the  foundation  of  the  entire  judicial  system 
of  the  present  State  of  New  Jersey.  It  defined  the  jiowers  and 
duties  of  the  courts,  and  laid  down  certain  rules  of  procedure. 

"  In  Lord  Cornbury 's  ordinance  it  was  provided  that  the 
judges  could  make  rules  for  practicing  in  the  courts  in  the  same 
way  and  to  the  same  extent  as  was  done  by  the  judges  of  the 
Courts  of  Queen's  Bench,  Common  Pleas  and  Exchequer, 
in  England.  From  that  day  to  tliis  the  licensing  of  lawyers  has 
been  regulated,  not  by  statute,  but  by  the  rules  of  the  Supreme 


EX-SHEKIFF    EDWl.N    U'.    HINE. 


Court,  with  the  sole  excep- 
tion of  the  '  Five  Counsel- 
or's act '  which  was  repealed 
this  year  (1894). 

"  Tlie  first  systematic  re- 
sistance to  the  oppressive 
acts  of  George  III  was  made 
by  the  members  of  the  New 
jersey  Bar.  At  the  Septem- 
ber term  of  the  .Supreme 
Court  held  at  .Amboy  in  1765. 
the  lawyers  met  and  resolved 
unanimously  that  they  would 
not  use  the  stamps  under  any 
circumstances  whatever- 
When  the  stam])S  arrived 
llie  lawyers  would  not  buy 
them  and  all  over  New  Jersey 
the  courts  were  closed,  and 
remained  closed  until  the 
Stamp  act  was  repealed. 

"The   strength   'that    this 


EX-SHERIFF   J.\COI,    HALji.l.Mj. 


126 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


1846. 


action  gave  them,  by  bringing  them 
closer  together,  resulted  in  an 
organized  plundering  of  the  public 
by  the  lawyers,  and  this  continued 
until  the  people  arose  in  their 
wrath  and  attempted  to  extermi- 
nate the  lawyers  by  violence.  The 
riots  in  Essex  County,  in  which  the 
people  attempted  to  keep  the 
lawyers  from  entering  the  Court 
House,  were  put  down  by  the 
Sheriff  and  his  assistants:  this  was 
in  1769,  and  Governor  Franklin, 
Benjamin  Franklin's  illegitimate 
son,  complimented  Essex  County 
on  being  much  more  orderly  than 
was  Monmouth,  where  the  riots 
attained  greater  importance. 

"The  Essex  bar  has  furnished 
a  long  list  of  men  who  have  been 
honored  by  the  public.  I'^irst  in 
the  list,  perhaps,  should  come  Joseph 
C.  Hornblower,  who  was  Chief 
Justice  of  New  Jersey  from  1832  to 
He  was  born  in  Belleville  in  1777,  studied  law  with  David 


/*^ 

f  ivm 

V.       -^M 

^^^^K^'>-.*>K^kn    .--<»«OT«dl^^^^^^^H 

EX-.\SbKMBLYMAN    WILLIAM    W.    HAWKl.Nh. 


FRKEHOLDER    WILLIAM    F.    HAMILTON. 


B.  Ogden,  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in  1803,  and  as  acounsellor 
in  1806.  He  was  originally  a  Federalist,  and  followed  that  party 
down  through  its  changes  of  name,  and  died  a  Republican. 
He  was  one  of  the  best  Chief  Justices  New  Jersey  ever  had. 

"Joseph  P.  Bradley,  who  was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  by  President  Grant,  in  1870,  was  born  in  Albany, 
in  1813.  He  was  graduated  from  Rutgers  in  the  class  of  1836, 
and  came  to  Newark,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839. 
He  was  known  to  the  world  as  one  of  the  best  judges  who  ever 
sat  on  the  bench.  I^earned  in  the  law,  impartial  in  his  judg- 
ment, and  urbane  in  his  manner,  his  memory  will  last  long  in 
this  country. 

"  Newark  has  given  to  the  State  five  Chancellors,  the  first 
being  William  S.  Pennington,  who  was  elected  Governor  and 
Chancellor  in  1813  and  1S14.  He  was  the  great-grandson  of 
Ephraim  Pennington,  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Newark. 
He  was  .'\ssociate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1805,  Supreme 


Court  Reporter  from  then  to  1813.  and  after  his  two  terms  as 
Governor,  was  Judge  of  the  United  States  Dislrict  Court  until 
his  death  in  1826. 

"  William  Pennington,  the  son  of  the  last  mentioned,  was 
born  in  Newark,  May  4.  1796,  studied  in  Theodore  Frelinghuy- 
sen's  law  office,  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in  1817,  and  as  a 
counsellor  in  1S20.  He  was  Chancellor  and  Governor  from 
1837  to  1843,  'Hid  was  one  of  the  greatest  Chancellors  who 
ever  held  the  position.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives in  i860  and  1861. 

"Oliver  S.  Halstead,  born  in  1792,  was  the  first  Chancellor 
appointed  after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1844.  He 
held  the  position  until  1852.  lienjamin  Williamson  was 
appointed  Chancellor  in  1852,  and  held  the  position  for  seven 
years. 

"Theodore  Runyon,  born  in  1S22,  was  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1S42,  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in  1846,  and 
counsellor  in  1849.     He  was  made   City  Attorney  in  1853,  and 


Corporation  Counsel  in 
1856.  He  held  this  pos- 
ition until  1864,  when  he 
was  elected  Mayor,  which 
ofiice  he  filled  until  1866. 
He  was  appointed  Chan- 
cellor in  1873,  and  was 
reappointed  in  1880,  going 
nut  of  office  in  1887. 
Last  year  (1893)  he  was 
appointed  Ambassador  to 
( '.ermany.  Mr.  Runyon 
was  made  LL.  D.  by  Wes- 
leyan  College  in  1867,  by 
Rutgers  in  1875  and  by 
\:iU-  in   1S82." 


SENATOR   GEORGE     W.    KETCHEM. 


JUDGE    D.    A.    DEPUE. 

David  Ayres  Depue. 
tX.  D.  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  one 
of  the  noted  men  of  the 
State  of  New  Jersey,  is  of 


ASSEMBLYMAN    CHARLES    B.    DUNCAN. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


127 


AK.NLli    KALISCII,    CuUN  it  l.UK-A  1 -l-A  W  . 


to  protect  the  country  against  the  Indians  in  the  War  of  1755. 
Soon  after  his  marriage,  Benjamin  Depiie  settled  in  Northamp- 
ton County,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Mount  Bethel,  on  the  Delaware. 
Here  his  son  Abraham  Depue  was  born  September  28,  1765. 
Abraham  married  Susan,  daughter  of  Michael  Hoffman,  and 
their  son  Benjamin  Depue  was  born  September  i,  1796.  On 
May  10,  1821,  Benjamin  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Moses 
Ayres,  and  subsequently  removed  to  Upper  Mount  Bethel,  in 
the  same  county,  where  David  A.  Depue  was  born,  October  27, 
1826.  At  a  suitable  age  David  A.  Depue  was  placed  in  tlie 
school  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Vanderveer,  in  Easton,  Pa.,  where 
he  received  his  preliminary  education.  He  entered  Princeton 
College  in  1843,  and  was  graduated  in  1846. 

Immediately  after  graduation,  he  began  the  study  of  law  in 
the  office  of  John  M.  Sherred,  Esq.,  of  Belvidere,  N.  J.,  whither 
his  family  had  moved  in  1840.  Here  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  continued  in  it  until  1866.     At  this  time  he 


Huguenot    descent,   and   with    the 

V'an  Campens.  his  family  were  the 

earliest    settlers    of    the    Minisink 

Flats.     These    two    families    emi- 
grated about  the  same  time  from 

Ksopus,    now     Kingston,    in     the 

county  of   Ulster,  New  York,  and 

settled  on    the    Pennsylvania    and 

New  Jersey  sides  of  the  Delaware 

River,  above  the  Water  Gap.     The 

Van    Campens    (originally   spelled 

\'an  Der  Kempen)  were  emigrants 

from  Holland. 

Benjamin     Depue.    t  h  e     great- 

:.;randfather  of    David    A.    Depue, 

was  born  February  22,   1729.     He 

married     Catharine,    daughter    of 

Colonel     Abraham    Van    Campen, 

judge   of  the   Court    of    Common 

I'leas  of   Sussex    County,  N.  J.,  in 

1761,    reappointed     in     1776    and 

again  in   1796.     At  the  age  of  26. 

Colonel  Van  Campen  served  as  a 

colonel  in  the  Colonial  Army,  raised 

had  attained  so  high  a  rank  in  his  profession  that  the  attention 
of  Governor  Marcus  L.  Ward  was  attracted  to  him,  when  it 
became  necessary'  to  appoint  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  in  the  place  of  Judge   Daniel   Haines,  whose 


K\-A.SSKMHI.V.MAN    JAMH";    MARLATT. 


HENRY   T.    MILLER,    PATENT   ATTORNEY. 


of  New  Jersey 
are  characterized  by  learning  and 
laborious  research,  as  well  as 
by  the  clear  and  concise  state- 
ment of  legal  principles.  Of 
these  qualities  and  of  his  opinions, 
as  published  in  the  reports,  the 
frequent  citations  of  them  in  the 
Federal  Courts  and  the  courts  of 
sister  States,  and  in  treatises  on 
the  law,  afford  ample  evidence. 

In  1874  he  was  appointed,  with 
Chief  Justice  Beasley  and  Cortlandt 
Parker,  to  revise  the  laws  of  New 
Jersey,  a  work  which  was  com- 
pleted to  the  great  satisfaction  of 
the  bench  and  bar  throughout  the 
State. 

In  1874  Judge  Depue  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Rutgers 
College,  New  Brunswick,  and  in 
1880,  the  same  degree  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Princeton  Col- 
lege, New  Jersey. 


term  of  office  expired  in  tliat  year.  The  result  was  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mr  Depue  on  November  15,  1866,  the  circuit  assigned 
to  him  being  the  counties  of  Esse.v  and  Union.  His  removal  to 
Newark  soon  followed. 

On  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  1873.  he  was  reappointed  by 
Governor  Joel  Parker,  was  again  reappointed  in  1 880  by  Gover- 
nor George  B.  McClellan,  again  in  1887  by  Governor  Robert  S. 
Green,  and  still  again  by  Governor  George  T.  Werts.  His 
present  term  expires  November  15,  1901. 

The  circuit  held  by  Judge  Depue  is  the  most  important  and 
laborious  in  the  State,  embracing  the  city  of  Newark  and  the 
county  of  Essex.  His  opinions  in  the  Supreme  Court  and 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  of  which,  by  the  judicial  system 
he  is   a  member, 


EX-ASSEMBLY.MAN    JOSEPH    P.    CLAKK. 


12S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


JOHN    B.    KICHMOND,    CITY    HOME    TRUSTEE. 


South  Orange,  Central,  Park,  Bloomfield  and  Washington 
were  constructed.  Newark  containing  the  greater  part  of  the 
popukation  and  taxable  property  of  the  county,  was  the  centre 
from  which  these  roads  radiated  to  all  parts  of  the  county. 
Macadam  road  lauilding  was  then,  comparatively,  a  new  art  in 
this  country.  The  pleasure  and  comfort  for  driving  purposes, 
economy  in  transportation,  and  advantages  to  real  estate  values 
derived  from  these  roads,  proved  to  the  people  of  Essex  County 
the  truth  of  Lord  Bacon's  maxim,  that,  "  There  be  three  things 
which  make  a  nation  great  and  prosperous,  fertile  fields,  busy 
workshops  and  easy  means  of  transportation  for  men  and  goods." 
These  roads  were  built  by  the  Essex  Public  Road  Board,  and 
were  maintained  by  it  in  splendid  condition  for  many  years 
under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  James  Peck,  County  Engineer 
Owens  and  others.  In  1894  the  Road  Board  was  abolished  by 
the  Legislature,  and  its  duties  thereafter  devolved  upon  a  com- 
mittee of  the  Board  of  Freeholders.  In  December,  1S94, 
Director  Thomas  McCowan  appointed  as  this  committee,  Joseph 


ROAD   BOARD  COMMITTEE. 

FEW    people    care   to     trace    great 
rivers  back   to   their  sources   in 

mountain  springs,  or  great  ideas  which 

have  had  far-reaching  intluence  to  the 

minds  which  cor.ceived  them. 

More  tlian  a  third  of  a  century  has 

passed  since    Llewellyn  Haskell    pro- 
posed, for  the   welfare  and  happiness 

of  the  people  of  the  County  of  Essex, 

a  great  county  park  made   accessible 

to  the  people  of  all  parts  of  the  county. 

by   a    system   of    improved    and    well 

kept  county  roads. 

Mr.  Haskell  did  not  live  to  see  the 

recent    progress    in     developing     his 

county  park  idea,  but  he  did  have  the 

pleasure  of  seeing  a  complete  system 

of    county    roads,    which     became    a 

source  of  pride  to  the  people  of  Essex, 

and    an    educator   to    those    of    other 

])arts  of  the  State. 

Between  1870  and  1S75,  seven  great 

avenues,     Frelinghuysen,    Springfield, 

B.  Bray.  J.  Wesley  \'an  Geison,  T.  Madison  Condit,  Wallan 
Ougheltree  and  Fillmore  Condit.  Mr.  Bray  served  with  credit 
in  the  LTnion  army  during  the  war,  subsequently  residing  in 
Orange,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  business.  Mr.  Van 
Geison  has  been  a  lifelong  resident  of  Montclair,  where  he  ha-- 
been  highly  esteemed  and  influential  in  public  affairs.  '!\ 
Madison  Condit  represents  the  Roseville  district  in  the  Board 
of  Freeholders,  and  is  connected  with  the  D.  L.  &  W.  R.  K. 
Mr.  Ougheltree,  previous  to  1879,  was  engaged  in  business  in 
Newark,  but  subsequently  became  a  resident  of  East  Orange. 

Besides  the  responsibility  for  inaintaining  the  original  avenues 
in  proper  condition,  the  collection  and  settlement  of  a  large 
amount  of  outstanding  assessments,  the  improvement  of  othti 
roads  under  the  provisions  of  the  State  Road  Act,  and  of  deal- 
ing with  important  questions  relating  to  electric  street  railwax 
construction  upon  the  county  roads,  fell  upon  this  connnittee. 
That  these  important  trusts,  under  the  leadership  of  Chairman 
Bray,  have  been  executetl  with  intelligent  fidelity  to  the  publir 


HENRY    MLK/.,    Cll\     HOME     IKUSTEE. 


FKEEHOLUER  JOH.N    MEDCRAFT. 


interests,  justifying  the  judgement 
of  Director  McGowan  in  his  selec- 
tion of  the  committee,  and  reflect- 
ing credit  upon  the  Board  of  Free- 
holders, is  generally  believed. 

Filmore  Condit  represents  the 
V'erona  district  in  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Freeholders,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  most  active  members  on  the 
Committee  on  Roads  and  Assess- 
ments. He  is  well  known  to  the 
people  of  Essex  County,  and  con- 
ducts a  manufacturing  plant  in 
the  hardware  line  in  the  city  of 
Newark.  In  the  projection  and 
improvement  of  the  roads  and 
.Lvenues  of  the  county,  the  Road 
I'loard  has  been  a  prominent  factor. 
its  membership  having  included 
some  of  the  most  unselfish  and 
enterprising  citizens,  whose  wisdom 
has  contributed  much  to  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  community. 


FREEHOIJJEK   JOsEl'H    U.    BKAV. 


ESSEX  COUXTY.  X.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


129 


PROSECUTOR'S    OFFICE. 

AT  the  end  of  the  hall,  acting 
(if  such  a  word  mav  be 
aiiphed  to  the  two  small  but 
cozy  little  offices)  as  guardians 
to  the  larger  and  more  imposing 
room  set  apart  for  the  uses  antl 
purposes    of     the    grand    jury. 

Iiich  holds  within  three  stated 
sessions  during  the  year,  is 
where  the  Prosecutor  of  the 
Pleas  transacts  his  office  busi- 
ness. For  the  past  ten  years. 
Elvin  W.  Crane,  Esq.,  a  lawyer 
of  tine  attainments,  has  occupied 
the  position.  To  say  that  the 
criminal  class  have  a  wholesome 
dread  of  his  power  before  judge 
and  jury,  to  arraign  and  convict, 
is  only  to  record  the  truth  .is 
they  often  rehearse  it,  and  keep 
as  clear  of  their  nefarious  busi- 
ness of  law-breaking  as  it  is 
|)ossible  in  the  deep  depravity  of 

their  natures  to  do.  Not  a  small  part  i>f  that  decrease  in  the 
number  of  cases  with  which  the  criminal  courts  have  to  deal, 
it  is  safe  to  say,  is  largely  due  from  the  fear  of  conviction  and 
punishment,  which  is  almost  certain  to  follow  when  the  offentlers 
get  into  the  hands  of  Prosecutor  Crane  or  his  learned  assistant 
Louis  Hood,  who  has  proved  an  apt  scholar  in  the  convicting 
ways  of  Elvin  W.  Crane.  Although  Mr.  Crane  and  his  assistant, 
often  find  pitted  against  them,  in  the  trial  of  important  cases, 
some  of  the  most  noted  talent  of  the  bar  of  the  State  of  New 
Jersey  and  the  County  of  Essex,  they  seldom  fail  to  score  a 
success,  the  criminal  receiving  his  just  deserts. 

Elvin  W.  Crane  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  October  20,  1833. 
He  received  a  public  school  education,  and  when  16  years  old 
entered  the  office  of  Bradley  &  Abeel  as  a  student-at-law.  He 
was  admitted  as  attorney  in  February,  1875,  and  as  a  counselor 
in  February,  1882.  When  Colonel  Abeel  received  his  second 
appointment  as  Prosecutor,  in  1877,  Mr.  Crane  became  his 
assistant,  and    acted  in  that  capacity  throughout  the  terms  of 

age    of    9     jears, 


VIEW    ON    JERSEY    STREET. 

Colonel  Abeel  and  his  successor,  Oscar  Keene.  On  the  expira- 
tion of  the  term  of  the  latter,  in  188S,  Governor  Green  appointed 
Mr.  Crane  Prosecutor  of  the  Pleas  of  Essex  County,  and  Gover- 
nor Werts  re-appointed  him  in  1893.  Mr.  Crane  makes  an 
able  l^rosecutor.  and  has  won  the  admiration  of  the  entire 
State  liy  his  skilful  manner  of  conducting  dilllcult  cases. 

For  many  years  Mr.  Crane  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Jeffersonian  Club,  and  taken  an  active  part  in  the  minagement 
of  this  Democratic  institution  filling  nearly  all  the  more  im- 
portant offices,  with  credit  to  himself  and  with  honor  to  the 
club,  and  is  at  tliis  time  (1897)  its  president.  Mr.  Crane  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  lioard  of  'I'ruslees  of  the 
Newark  City  Home,  at  \'ero?ia. 


LOUIS   HOOD. 
OUIS    HOOD    is  the    Assistant   Prosecuting    Attorney  of 
Essex  County.     He  was  born  at   Radwonke,  in  Ponsen,  a 
province  of  the  German  Em|)ire.  on  February  13.  1857.     ;\t  the 
he    arrived    in 


L' 


HLMORE    CONDIT.    FREEHOLDER. 


America,  and  three  years  later 
he  came  to  Newark,  where  he  be- 
gan his  school-life  under  the  tute- 
lage of  ex-Mayor  Haynes.  After 
passing  through  the  High  School 
he  became  a  student  at  Yale  and 
Columbia  Colleges,  and  taking  a 
course  of  law  in  those  two  in- 
stitutions, he  w,i3  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1880.  He  received  the  Civil 
Law  degree  in  1882,  and  continued 
his  studies  in  the  office  of  Smith  & 
Martin,  New  York,  and  with  John 
R.  Emery,  of  Newark,  and  was 
admitted  an  attorney  in  1882. 

Wheu  the  Democatic  party  came 
into  power  in  1884,  Mr.  Hood  was 
made  a  Police  Justice,  and  held 
that  position  while  the  Democratic 
party  remained  in  control.  During 
this  period,  and  after  his  retirement, 
he     was    associated     with    Judge 


DR.    D.    M.    DILI.,    IREEIIOLDER. 


\ 


i3() 


BSSBX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


l-iuJIow  McCarter  as  p.iitmr. 
Ill  i8SS  Mr.  Hood  was  nji- 
pointecl  Assistant  I'roserutor  by 
lilviii  W.  Crane,  aiul  is  (1S97) 
still  serving;  in  this  capacity. 
He  condncttil  tlic  prosecutiim 
and  secured  the  conviction  of 
Ro])ert  Alden  Fales,  the  young 
murderer,  whose  case  excitetl 
great  interest  tliroughout  the 
counlrv. 

While  .irtleiK  in  tin-  prosecii- 
tuiii  and  punishment  of  tlie 
guilty.  Mr.  Hood  is  desirous 
of  saving  tlie  innocent  ;  .ind 
doubtless  lliis  llieory  of  public 
duty  is  .approved  by  the  coiii- 
nuinity. 

Mr.  Hood  is  practicallv  re- 
sponsible for  settling  an  import- 
ant question  of  electric-r.iilruad 
law,  having,  in  association  with 
.Samuel  Kalisch,  secured  a  de- 
cision of  the  Supreme  Court  coii- 

lirming  a  veidict  of  $15,000  for  Fannie  filoch,  who  lost  a  hand 
and  leg  by  an  electric  car.  Mr.  Hood  is  a  bachelor  and  ,1  mem- 
ber of  the  Democratic  Society  and  of  the  I'rogress  Club. 

TIMOTHY   E.    SCALES 

WK  would  not  consider  tli.it  equal  and  exact  justice  to  this 
part  of  llie  Court  House  u.isdone  did  wi-fail  to  mention 
the  fact,  that  the  Graiul  Jury  has  a  ])erinanent  clerk  in  the  person 
of  Timothy  E.  Scales,  who  succeeded  to  the  place  on  the  retire- 
ment of  Walter  J.  Knight.  Of  few  men  or  officials  can  the 
old  song  be  sung  with  a  greater  degree  of  appropriateness,  noi 
with  greater  jiropriety,  for  he  is  indeed  a  "jolly  good  fellow," 
but  aside  from  being  all  this,  he  brings  to  the  conduct  of  the 
affairs  of  his  office,  all  those  (pialities  which,  when  applied  as  he 
applies  them,  call  for  the  rarest  sort  of  commendation. 

Timothy  K.  Scales  was  born  in  Newark,  November  1.  1S69. 
He  went  to  the  public  sciiools,  and  when  he  left  the  High 
School  he  went  into  the  office  of  Frederic  1<  .\cl.uns  to  pursue  his 
studies  in   the  law.     This  was  .\pril    15.  1874.  and    by  the   time 


\'I1CW    ON    -M.VRKEI'    .STREKT. 


he  had  attained  his  majority  he  was  so  well  equipped  with  legal 
lore,  that  he  was  admitted  to  piactice  as  an  attorney  on  the 
twentv-first  anniversary  of  his  birth.  He  remained  an  associate 
of  Mr.  Adams  until  1893,  but  has  been  connected  with  the 
I-'rosecutor's  office  for  the  last  six  years,  acting  as  clerk  to  the 
Grand  Jur\  .uid  to  the  I'rosecutor.  being  appointed  by  the  court, 
Mr.  Scales  was  elected  to  the  I?oard  of  Education  from  the 
Ideveiith  Ward,  and  was  a  school  commissioner  for  four  years  ; 
from  1883  to  1888.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Jeffer- 
sonian  Club,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Democratic  Execu- 
ive  Commiltee  of  his  ward  for  thirteen  years. 

DANIEL  M.    DILL,    M.   D. 
HE  subject  of  this  skrii  h.  who   tor  more  than    twenty  years 
has  been   engaged  in   the   successful   practice  of  his   pro- 
fession in  that  part   of  the  city  known   as  the   Eleventh   Ward, 
has  by  many    kindly  acts,  proved  himself  worthy  of  a  tribute 
in  the  pages  of  this  souvenir.     Few   physicians   who  have  had 
no  more  years  in   which  In  do  the  works  of  humanity,  to  extend 
the    sick    and    suffering. 


T' 


WM.     ]■:.    OKICA  1  lll..\il,   (   I.KIJK    l;0.\Rl)    CIF    WOUKS. 


relief    to 

have  more  to  their  creilit  than  Dr- 
Dill.  While  responding  to  his 
every  call  in  the  practice  of  his  [iro- 
fession,  he  never  forgets  that  to  be 
philanthropic,  pays.  While  busy  as 
most  men,  during  all  the  hours  of 
I  he  tweniy-four  during  which  lalioi 
ought  to  be  pel  foiined,  he  alwa\s 
lemeinbers  that  he  is  a  citi/en,  and 
h,is  e\er  stood  ready  to  respond  tn 
the  ])eople's  call.  The  Doctor  is 
modest,  unassuming  and  unaggres- 
sive, and  has  never  let  his  liglil 
h.md  know  what  his  left  hand 
doeth.  ()n  several  occasions  he 
has  been  called  to  act  the  citizen's 
|iart  in  meeting  political  duty  calls. 
On  se\er.d  occasions  he  li.is  filled 
ullices  of  trust  and  honor  in  his 
w.ird.  and  so  creditalily  and  un- 
selfishly has  he  acquitted  himself. 
,is  10  have  been  called  to  a   seal  in 


li.X  l-HKEUOLUKK    K.    K.    COURSEN. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


131 


thf  county  k-gislaUnt-.  commonly  termed  the  ISoard  of  Chosen 
Freeholders,  where  he  has  demonstrated  a  watchful  care  over 
all  the  county's  interests  in  general,  and  his  immediate  consti- 
tuancy  in  particular. 

GEORGE  WILHELM. 

WHKX  the  wide  open  arms  of  this  land  of  liberty  and 
freedom  received  and  welcomed  to  her  embrace  the 
person  of  Ex-Freeholder  George  Wilhelm.  she  made  no  mistake. 
This  son  of  the  dear  old  German  fatherlind.  long  after  he 
heard  the  calls  of  freedom  coming  down  the  lines  of  time,  and 
when  he  could  no  longer  feel  but  resistance  was  vain,  he  bade 
adieu  to  the  scenes  of  his  young  life,  came  to  America,  and 
cast  in  his  lot  with  those  wdio  had  come  before.  That  the 
hopes  (if  ICx-Freeholder  Wilhelm  have  been  realized  none  will 
denv.  His  business  life  has  been  one  of  success,  and  that  he 
has  proved  a  valued  citizen,  we  have  abundant  evidence  of  the 
same,  in  the  respect  in  w'hich  he  is  held  by  his  promotion  to  a 
seat  in  the  county  legislature. 


responsible  position  in  the  great  industrial  cst.iblishnieiU  of  the 
Ilallantines.  he  has  on  several  occasions  been  called  to  the 
enactment  of  the  roll  of  good  citizenship,  by  being  elected  to 
the  aldermanship  of  his  ward  and  as  the  representative  of  his 
district  in  the  State  legislature.  He  has  always  taken  a  lively 
interest  in  all  public  affairs,  and  ready  to  lend  his  aid  in  pro- 
moting the  people's  welfare. 

R.   R.  COURSEN. 

AM()NG  the  freeholders  of  the  |)ast,  few  indeed  of  the 
number  have  been  more  thoroughly  devoted  to  the  duties 
of  the  office  in  general,  and  have  shown  a  clearer  right  to  be 
the  watchman  on  the  tower,  than  Mr.  K.  R.  Coiirsen,  whose 
photo  appears  on  page  130.  A  thorough  mechanic  himself,  a 
mason  and  builder  by  occupation,  he  went  into  the  board  fully 
armed  for  the  protection,  not  only  of  the  interests  of  his  con- 
stituents, but  fully  pre])ared  by  his  ability  and  experrence,  to 
promote,  protect  and  defend  the  general  good.  Space  forbids 
us  to  sav  more  than  that  in  his  business  as  mason  and  builrler 


GROUP    OF    WII.I.-K.NOWN    CITIZENS    OF    ESSEX    COUNTV. 


HON.  W.   W,   HAWKINS. 

ONE  of  the  old  reliable  citizens  of  the  city  of  Newark,  and 
county  of  Essex,  is  found  in  Hon.  W.  \V.  Hawkins,  who 
has  his  dwelling  in  the  same  house  (then  the  ferry)  in  which 
the  great  Washington  stood  while  his  defeated  army  was 
crossing  the  river  bv  way  of  the  ferry,  during  their  retreat  from 
the  battle  of  Long  Island,  into  and  across  New  Jersey.  The 
house  having  been  removed  from  its  old  place,  now  stands  at 
4S7  Ferry  Street,  and  near  it  stands  a  tree  which  was  severed 
in  twain  by  a  cannon  shot  fired  by  the  pursuing,  victorious 
British  army.  Mr.  Hawkins  has  occupied  the  premises  for 
many  years,  and  takes  not  a  little  pride  in  rehearsing  the 
historical  facts  surrounding,  and  of  w^hich  his  pleasant  home  is 
the  centre.     .Although  Mr.  Hawkins  has  held  a  prominent  and 


he  was  a  success.  Among  the  many  exhibits  of  his  skill 
scattered  over  the  county,  we  will  only  call  the  readers  attention 
to  the  new  building  of  the  East  Orange  National  Bank,  a  model 
structure,  the  beautiful  architecture  and  artistic  finish  of  which, 
ought  to  satisfy  all  that  our  tribute  has  not  been  misplaced. 


M" 


JOHN  J.   HANLEY. 

EN  are  differently  endowed,  one  having  a  faculty  where 
devotion  will  bring  forth  out  of  a  purity  of  gifts,  rich 
results,  which  are  not  alone  pleasing  to  his  neighbors,  but 
gratifying  to  himself;  then  comes  another,  who  with  equal 
or  even  superior  endowments  and  rarer  opportunities,  fails  iu 
the  application  ;  again,  there  are  those  to  whom  nature  has  been 
charv  of  her  gifts.     These  latter  we  often  see  go  forth  ready  to 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


(Ii>  and  ilare.  and  uillmut  a])parent  clfinl  leath  the 
front  and  become  leaders  of  men,  wliile  many  of 
those  with  far  rarer  gifts  endowed,  follow  their  lead 
and  obey  their  commands.  To  the  latter  of  ihese 
classes  does  Ex-Freeholder  John  J.  Hanley  belong. 
It  is  not  for  the  writer  to  define  the  how,  but  this 
he  knows  ami  is  willing  to  tell  it.  111, it  fvssex 
Coiinlv,  has  h.id  few  men,  iis  chairman  of  the  J.iil 
Committee  of  the  ISoard  of  Freeholders,  in  the  past, 
who  have  shown  themselves  better  able  to  admin- 
ister the  county's  affaiis  and  husband  her  resources- 

THE    POST  OFFICE. 

SINCE  the  pull  tlown  of  the  old  buildiny  several 
years  ago,  the  Newark  I'ost  ( )hice  has  li.ul  its 
housing  in  the  old  First  Baptist  Church  building, 
\\  liich  sfood  convenienlly  near  and  just  in  the  rear, 
l-"rom  its  doors  ,Mid  windows  have  the  three 
hundred  moie  or  less  post  ollice  oflicers  ,uid  clerks, 
watched  the  slow  growth  of  the  new  post  (illice 
building  which,  though  )et  not  (|uitc  finished,  li.is 
leached  such  a  stage  .is  lent  hope  to  the  postmaster 
and  his  busv  army.  Although  the  new  building 
will  present  .1  cipacily  far  short  of  the  growing 
requirements  of  the  several  uses  for  which  it  w.is 
designed,  beside  liiiiig  the  home  of  tin-  post  ollice. 
it  will  be  a  great  impro\'ement  on  the  old  aiul 
the  present  quarters.  There  are  intleed  few  hand- 
somer or  more  beautifully  constructed  buildings  to 
be  found  anywhere. 

Already  into  the  new  iiu.uters  in  the  new  build- 
ing, which  are  capacious  and  altogether  comfortable 
enough  to  please  the  most  exacting,  have  moved 
the  offices  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Collector  and 
that  of  the  Collector  of  Customs,  The  first  is 
occupied  by  William  D.  Rutan,  collector  anil  his 
assistants,  of  the  fifth  Internal  Revenue  Collection 
District  of  New  Jersey,  matle  up  of  the  counties  of 
Essex,  I'nion,  Hudson,  Passaic,  Middlesex,  Morris, 
liergen,  Sussex,  Somerset,  Warren  and  Hunterdon.  This 
olfice  has  an  auxiliary  at  Jersey  City,  and  has  stamp  selling 
deputiisat    I'.iterson,  iVlillstone  and    Helnietla 


rOSIMAMER    JObEI'll    K.    IIAVNKS. 


Mr.  Rut.in  has 
liruen,  Chief  Clerk;  E.Allen  .Smith, 
Cashier;  James  P.  McKenna,  John 
I'.  Fannar,  Peter  Young  and  Ma\- 
Sheehan,  Deputy  Collectors;  Sarah 
E,  nutterfield  and  Newton  H. 
I'orter,  Collector's  Clerks;  Joseph 
E.  Cavanaugh  Derisien  and  Enos 
RuiiNDn.  Deputy  Collectors.  The 
Mcond  with  Henry  W,  Egner, 
Collector  of  Customs  for  this  port 
"f  entry.  The  Collector's  full  roster 
IS  made  up  as  follows,  vi/.,;  Henr\ 
\V.  Egner,  Collector;  Samuel  H 
Urowne,  Peputy  Collector  and  In- 
spector; William  Martin  .ind  Fred- 
erick Harr,  Deputy  Collectors  and 
Clerks ;  David  F.  Leonard  Store- 
kee|ier. 

JOSEPH    E     HAYNES. 

SELDOM,  if  ever,  since  the  days 
when  the  post  office  at  New- 
;irk  began  its  career  of  greatness 
in     order    to     keep    step     with    the 


I'OSf   OFFICE    AND   CUSTOM    ItOUSK. 

ten  assistants  to  aid  him  in  conducting  the  business  of  thi- 
important  and  highlv  responsible  office,  the  roster  being  m.nh 
up    as   follows,  viz.:    William    D.  fxutan.   Collector ;    S.  \'.  ^ 


'*il 

.iii 

!/ 

Mm 

^^m1  ¥ 

ASST.   I'OSTMASriCK    O.EOKOK    D.    HAVNE> 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


133 


.^s^m^.. 


gigantic  snides  the  city  was 
making  toward  the  grand  posi- 
tions she  holds  to-day  among  the 
cities  of  the  western  world, 
has  she  been  blessed  with  a 
more  competent,  painstaking^ 
thoroughly  safe  and  always  af- 
fable postmaster,  than  he  who 
handles  the  helm  to-day,  Hon. 
Joseph  E.  Haynes.  I'ostmasler 
Haynes  came  into  the  office  as 
successor  to  William  D.  Rutan. 
who  was  called  to  the  oMice  of 
the  Internal  Revenue  Collector- 
ship  but  a  few  months  after  he 
had  taken  the  oath  of  office. 
So  far,  I^ostmaster  Haynes  has 
left  the  roster  of  the  ofiice  just 
as  he  found  it,  with  the  single 
exception  of  his  first  assistant, 
having  been  satisfied  to  let  well 
enough  alone  where  ever\  thing  ' 
was  running  smoothly,  waiting 
till  his  argus  eye  should  cover  a 

recreant  to  a  confided  trust  before  making  a  change.  His  com- 
mission for  the  term  commencing  June,  1896,  signed  by  CroM-r 
Cleveland,  Newark  bein.g,  as  a  matter  of  course,  a  presidential 
office. 

The  new  postmaster  was  not  unknown  10  the  people  before 
he  was  called  to  the  responsible  place  of  postmaster,  since  he 
had  occupied  the  chair  of  the  Mayorality  of  Newark  for  fi\e 
successive  terms.  Indeed,  so  well  known  and  so  well  belo\ed 
was  Joseph  E.  Haynes,  and  such  a  llioroughly  upright  Chief 
Executive  Officer,  and  so  smoothly  did  city  affairs  run  under 
his  administration,  that  he  was  asked  to  retain  the  ofiice  for  the 
unprecedented  term  of  a  decade  of  years. 

I^ostmaster  Haynes  began  life  as  a  teacher,  and  for  many 
years  w'as  principal  of  the  Thirteenth  Ward   Grammar  .School, 


";i7T;ir7.ai 


VIEW    ON    THE    I'A.S.S.MC    Kl\l  R. 

life,  who  have  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  his  tutorship,  now  seek 
o])portunity  to  give  expression  to  the  love  and  affection  which 
they  bear  their  old  teacher.  .Although  the  postmaster  has  passed 
the  meridian  of  life,  he  is  still  h.ile  and  hc.irtv.  .-ind  exercises  in 
his  new  oHice  the  same  watchful  cire  over  the  nearly  three 
hundred  subordin.ates  connected  with  the  post  ofiice,  and  is  just 
as  ready  to  pounce  upon  a  negligent  or  miscloer  now  as  he 
was  upon  the  truant  or  laggard  in  the  old  Thirteenth  Ward 
Grammar  .School,  twentv  vears  ago. 


and  thousands  of  men   and  women   in    nearly  all   the  walks  of 


UAV.VK    l'.\KKF.I<,    KEI'KICSENT.'VTIVE    TO    COjNGKES.-. 


GEORGE   D.   HAYNES. 

IT  is  little  wontler  that  in  selecting  his  First  Assisl.ant,  Post- 
master Haynes  should  let  his  choice  fall  upon  his  own  son, 
since  he  was  well  conversant  with  his  high  character  and  his 
eminent  fitness  for  the  place.  The  conduct  of  (3eo.  D.  Haynes 
has  been  such  in  the  management  of  the  affairs  of  his  responsible  position.as  to 
please  and  satisfy  the  most  exacting.  Always  polite  and  being  the  pos- 
sessor of  one  of  those  buoyant  natures,  it  becomes  a  pleasure  with  anybody 
who  in  the  course  of  business 
linds  it  necessary  to  come  in 
contact  with  hint,  and  few,  if 
any,  ever  quit  his  presence  with- 
out the  feeling  that  Geo.  D,  ^i.-  X 
Haynes  is  the  right  man  in  the 
right  place. 

JAMES  F.   CONNELLY. 

IN  far-away  Osada  and  Hioga. 
Japan,  Hon.  James  F.  Con- 
nelly, one  of  our  well-known, 
highly  respected  and  popular 
young  men,  is  acting  the  part  of 
a  good  citizen  by  conducting 
the  business  of  the  two  consul- 
ates named  above,  through  the 
aijpointnient  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States.  To  the  con- 
sulate business,  previous  to  this 
high  and  responsible  position 
which  he  is  filling  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  Mr.  Cleveland  and 
the  people  with  whom  he  comes         J,\ME^^  b.Miiii,  jk.,  u.mted  states  senatok. 


134 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ill  business  contact.  Mi'.  Con- 
nelly had  nil  acc|uaintance.  Al- 
though he  went  into  the  aiiiiy 
as  a  volunteer  when  he  was  not 
yet  fifteen  and  passed  three  of 
his  school  years  at  the  fniiit. 
and  often  where  shot  and  shell 
llew  thickest,  he  found  time  to 
push  on  in  his  studies.  As 
young  Connelly  was  never 
known  to  shirk  his  military  tluty 
and  was  ever  found  close  up  to 
the  front  in  the  midst  of  the 
fray,  so  he  met  duty  in  his  school 
books  and  polished  up  his  learn- 
ing after  coming  home.  Busi- 
ness knowledge  .ind  business 
habits  had  allurements  for  him 
which  continued  to  lead  him 
on  in  such  a  way,  that  succtss 
marked  his  earlier  efforts,  and 
ere  he  himself  was  fully  aware^ 
reputation  sat  astride  the  ves- 
sel's prow  where  his  hand    bore 

down  the  helm.  IJefore  he  passed  his  26th  birlh-d.iv,  or  in 
1878,  he  received  the  nomination  for  'I'ax  Commissioner  of  the 
City  of  Newark.  The  writer  of  this  sketch  well  remembers  the 
occasion,  ha\ing  been  President  of  the  TJemociatic  con\eiition, 
asssembled  in  what  is  now  Jacob's  Theatre,  in  Washington 
Street,  which,  with  great  unanimity,  conferred  the  honor  of  ,1 
nomination,  which  was  ratified  by  a  lrium])hant  election. 

In  1S83  he  entered  the  Common  Council  and  was  made  chair- 
man of  the  tlnance  committee,  the  now  popular  United  States 
Senator  James  .Smith,  Jr.,  lieing  a  member.  He  remained  in 
the  council  for  four  years,  and  when  he  retireil  in  i8<S7,  there- 
from, in  recognition  of  his  ability  as  a  financier,  the  then 
Mayor,  now  Postmaster  Joseph  K.  Haynes,  presented  his  name 
to  the  Connnon  Council  for  the  high  office  of  Comptroller  of 
the  City  of  Newark,  and  though  he  w,is  a  staunch  democrat, 
his  reputation  ,is  a  soldier  and  his  ability  as  a  fmancier,  secured 
his  confirmation.  In  1865  Mi.  Cleveland  appointed  hiin  Collec- 
tor of  Customs  of  the  I'ort  of  New.irk  .and  then  sent  him 
abroad. 


VIEW    (IN    M.\RKF.T    SIKEEf    HI-;rWEEN    CONGRESS    AtiYf    rUdSPEl'T    STREE'IS. 


OKN.     rilEODOKE    KUNVON,    (IJECEASKIj). 


JACOB   HAUSSLING. 

E.\-SI1KKIFF  of  Ks.sex  County,  Ja.ob  flaussling,  is  to  all 
intents  and  pur])oses,  a  ni.in  of  a  truly  n'arvelous 
I  li.M.icter.  He  is  what  might  be  termed  a  friend  maker,  and  in 
that  particular  has  few,  if  an\',  ecpials  in  the  county  of  Esse.x. 
Three  years  ago  he  was  taken  up  by  his  party  and  triumphantly 
elected  sheriff,  an  office  as  important  in  all  particulars  as  any  in 
the  county.  Jacob  Haussling  is  a  Democrat  of  the  very  staunch- 
est  kind  and  |)olitically.  personallv  or  in  a  business  wav  speak- 
ing, his  friends  always  know  just  where  to  find  him.  It  was 
for  this  reason,  then,  the  Democratic  party  was  induced  in  the 
last  great  Presidential  campaign  to  turn  to  Jacob  Haussling  as 
their  leader  in  the  county  and  make  him  their  candidate  a 
second  time  for  the  responsible  office  of  sheriff.  L'nfortunately 
though,  not  only  for  his  party  but  the  great  body  of  this  people, 
he  was  defeated.  The  division  of  the  Democratic  party  on  the 
silver  question,  caused  snch  a  hegira  from  the  ranks  of  the 
party  which  delighted  to  honor  him,  that  his  Republican 
opponent  was  elected  over  him  bv  a  large  majority,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
several  thousand  Republicans  openl\-  voted  for  him  as  their  favoiite,  not  forgetting  in 
the  short  period  of  three  vears,  what  they  had  learned  of  his  beautiful  character  in  a 
life  time.  It  cm  be  saiil  that  J.ic  rib  ll.uisslin^  had  proved  himself  as  true  to  the 
shiie\alty  of  this  hisiiati\e  count)',  as  the  needle  to  the  pole. 
THE   BOARD  OF  TRADE 

THIC  lioard  of  Trade  of  the  Cit\  of  Newark  has  a  ]ilace  in  the  hearts  of  the  people. 
Especially  is  this  the  fact  in  regard  to  that  portion  of  the  cili/ens  who  are  en- 
gaged in  the  upbuilding  of  her  industrial  and 
commercial  greatness.  It  is  within  the  council 
chamlier  of  this  body,  made  up  of  Newark's 
representative  business  men,  where  the  questions 
of  interest,  not  alone  to  each  man  personallv  but 
to  all  as  a  corporate  body  and  an  association, 
Newark  is  in  the  enjoyment,  as  a  corporation, 
of  iii.'inv  things  which  would  never  have  been 
mooted,  let  alone  the  fact  that  they  are  already 
established  facts  in  full  operation,  and  results 
already  accruing  the  greatest  good  to  the  great- 
est number.  The  lioard  of  Trade  has  been  in 
existence  since  1869,  having  been  incorporated 
March    10,  of   that  year.     To    make  use   of   the     eovvakd  r".  MC  donald,  (decfased) 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


13.' 


language  of  their  own:  "The  object  of  the  association  is  the 
promotion  of  trade,  the  giving  of  proper  direction  and  impetus 
to  all  commercial  movements,  the  encouragement  of  intercourse 
lietween  Ijusiness  men,  the  improvement  of  facilities  for  trans- 
portation, the  correction  of  abuses,  tlie  diffusion  of  information 
concerning  the  trades,  manufactures  and  other  interests  of  the 
city  of  Newark,  the  co-operation  of  this  with  similar  societies  in 
other  cities  and  tlie  development  and  promotion  of  the  com- 
mercial and  other  interests."  The  association  has  been  called 
upon  to  mourn  the  loss  of  several  of  its  presiding  officers,  all  of 
wliom  have  been  men  of  large  business  faculties  and  engage- 
ments, and  have  been  called  away  at  times  when  they  could  not 
well  be  spared.  At  the  time  we  wriie,  the  enibknis  of  sorrow 
over  the  loss  of  President  Ure  are  draped  on  the  chair  he 
occupied,  and  the  tears  of  sorrow  over  the  loss  of  Piesident 
Samuel  At  water  are,  scarce  jet  dry;  a  man  beloved  by  all. 
The  officers  of  the  Board  of  Trade  are  as  follows,  viz.;  Presi- 
dent, vacant ;  Vice-Presidents,  James  A.  Coe.  Cyrus  Peck  and 
James  A.  Higbie ;  Treasurer,  James  E.Fleming;  .Secretary. 
P.  T.  (Xiinn. 


C 


R.  WAYNE   PARKER, 
ONGRES.S.MAN  R.  Wayne  Parker,  representing  the 


New- 
ark District  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  is  a 
man  whom  the  people  delight  to  honor  and  one  whom  they 
have  called  from  his  briefs,  being  by  profession  a  lawyer,  and 
in  the  footsteps  of  his  illustrious  father,  Cortland  Parker.  Esq., 
who  stanrls  at  the  head  of  the  bar.  not  only  of  the  courts  of 
Essex  County  but  of  the  State  as  well ;  a  man  who  has  grown 
great  in  the  walks  of  professional  and  private  life.  K.  Wayne 
Parker  has  steadily  grown  in  popularity  and  in  the  respect 
of  the  citizens  of  Essex.  From  time  to  time  he  laid  aside  his 
professional  work  to  represent  his  assembly  district  in  the  State 
Legislature,  until  he  was  selected  for  the  high  honor  of  being 
the  successor  of  the  author  of  Ben  Bolt,  in  Congress  of  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Parker  is  an  Essex  County  man  to  the 
core  and  is  now  representing  in  Congress  the  city  in  which  he 
was  born  and  reared,  and  if  more  were  required  in  proof  of  the 
esteem  in  which  he  is  held,  we  have  only  to  refer  to  the 
the  maiorit\'  he  recevied  at  his  late  re-election. 


■-S^-.y^'Tggi- 


lii-niBimizii. 


■SEIH    IJOVDK.X    .MllNUMKN  r    IN    WASIIl.NCiroN    I'AKK.. 

COL.  JAMES  E.   FLEMING. 

WHETHER  you    take   Col.  Jan 
him  as  the  Treasurer  of  th 


mes  E.  Fleming  and  think  of 
the  Board  of  Trade,  or  as  the 
head  of  the  immense  coal  business  which  has  grown  up  under 
his  personal  care,  or  as  the  organizer  and  commander  of  the 
Essex  Troop  of  dashing  cavalry,  is  .seen  the  man  and  official  to 
whom,  when  a  trust  of  any  character  was  imiiosed,  was  never 
know-n  to  lack  one  in  its  fulfilment  to  the  letter.  For  several 
years    Col.    Fleming  has  handled   the    funds  of  the   Board  of 

Trade  as  its  Treasurer,  and  from  the  time  of  his  first  election  to  the  respon- 
sible position  his  re-election  has  been  found  a  work  of  entire  unanimity.     Col. 

Fleming  is    in  the  prime   of 

life  and    in  his  record   as  a 

business    man,   as   a    citizen 

and  as  a  gentleman,  always 

courteous    anti    painstaking, 

his  reputation  stands  as  high 

as  the  highest,  untiuestioned 

and  unchallenged. 


WHEN      Colonel 
L.  I'.assett  die 


.\Li.i;.\   L    B.\ssi:rr,  (deceased). 


ALLEN    L.   BASSETT. 

Colonel  Allen 
ied.  New- 
Jersey  lost  one  of  her  most 
gallant  children  and  a  son  of 
whom  every  one  that  knew 
him  'twas  but  to  love  him, 
.and  few  men  indeed  have 
died  of  lale  years  whose  loss 
has  been  more  sincerely 
mourned  t  h  a  n  his.  For 
several  years  Col.  Bassett 
presided  over  the  delibera- 
tions of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
and  no    institution  ever  had 


I  lAM     A.    UKK,    (OliCE.ASEU  ) 


136 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


a  more  deeply  devoted  and  firniei'  friend  and  one 
which  made  its  e\  ery  interest  his  own.  llian  the  IJonrd 
of  Trade  had  in  Col.  lUissett.  To  make  use  of  an 
old  and  trite  s.iviny.  it  was  "the  apple  of  the 
Colonel's  eye."  In  his  h.mds  the  work  of  the 
association  was  never  known  to  kinguish,  and  dur- 
ing the  same  length  of  time  never  was  so  much  for 
public  good  accomplishetl,  than  while  Col.  Bassett 
was  at  the  helm.  We  are  fain  to  believe  had  Col. 
ISassett  lived,  the  jiroject  which  had  for  its  culniin- 
aiion  the  building  of  a  new  first-class  hotel  for  the 
city  of  Newark,  would  have  been  consummated,  and 
now  while  the  great  industrial  city  is  spreading  out 
in  nearly  all  directions  like  the  lilis  of  a  great  f.in. 
that  one  w  hicli  should  |)oint  with  unerring  finger 
toward  the  hotel  springing  heavenward  as  if  by  the 
touch  of  magic,  has  not  yet  started  in  the  race. 

Far  be  it  from  us  lo  (Jelr.ict  one  iota  fiom  the 
honesty  of  |)urpose,  courage  or  dash  of  .1  single 
gentleman  who  has  been  honored  with  the  leader- 
ship of  the  Board  of  Trade,  but  when  we  are 
witnessing  the  upbuilding  of  such  marvellous  archi- 
tectural works  as  the  I'rudential  and  new  I'ost 
Office  on  Broad  Street  and  the  beautiful  brown- 
stone  edifices  on  Market  Street,  we  cannot  well 
avoid  stirring  up  our  recollections  of  men  like  Col.  Bassetl,  who 
ever  had  ,a  shoulder  to  the  wheel  of  progress  aiul  made  their 
magnetic  inlluence  frit. 


w 


WILLIAM   A,    URE 

HEN  William  A.  lire  died  a  strong  tower  fell,  but  he  had 
grown  to  th.it  tower  by  his  own  un.issisled  efforts. 
Modest,  unassuming  and  unagressive  as  he  was,  vet  he  urew  on 
and  on  from  ver)-  modest  beginnings  until  when  stricken  with 
that  disease  w  hich  called  him  from  his  life  work  ere  he  had  yet 
|)ast  the  ]>iime  of  life  and  when  he  stood  at  the  head,  not  alone 
of  a  great  newspaper,  but  also  at  the  head  of  the  representati\e 
business  institution  of  the  great  industrial  city  of  his  home,  and 
the  twice  elected  president  of  the  Newark  Board  of  Trade.  It 
is  no  fulsome  eulogy  we  wish  to  write  and  place  on  record  amid 
the  pages  of  this  book,  but  to  gi\  e  voice  in  befitting  words  to  a 
tribute  of   the  worth  of   one    who  was   an   eminentlv   self-made 


RESIDENCE    OF    WILI,I.\M    A.    URE. 

man  and  justly  earned  all  that  may  be  said  of  him,  by  a  short, 
busy  and  successful  career,  a  worthy  exemplar  of  the  great 
f.ict  wdiich  will  pass  along  down  the  line  of  his  life-work,  so 
|)laiidy  defined  as  to  leave  its  impress  everywhere  he  moved  ; 
m  the  language  of  the  poet  who  truthfully  wrote: 
Honor  and  ianie  are  gained  not  by  surprise. 
He  ilint  would  win  must  labor  for  tlie  prize. 
William  A.  Ure  began  life  as  a  reporter,  and  if  it  can  be  said 
of  any  other  class  than  the  poets  that  they  were  born  to  this  or 
that,  it  can  as  well  be  said  that  he  was  a  born  newspaper  man, 
and  that  he  carefully  petted  and  abundantly  nurtured  his  ideal, 
we  have  only  to  survey  the  marvellous  result  in  the  culmination 
of  his  first  and  last  great  work,  the  Newark  Sunday  Call,  which 
will  ever  stand  a  monument  to  his  life-work  and  be  a  continually 
speaking  memorial  of  how  he  wrought  to  fill,  the  weakling  the 
paper  was  when  it  came  into  his  hands,  w  ith  that  vitality  which 
he    felt  assured  would   give  it   renewed   life,  and  each  Sunday 


,..*»*'* 


I',    r,   CJCI.N.N,   sr.CKK  lAUV     HOAKD    OK    ■IH.^D|■., 


output  would  go  among  the  people 
a  living  oracle.  As  week  after  week, 
montli  after  month,  and  year  after 
\ear,  the  Cal.  wert  forth,  himself 
.•md  associate  James  W.  Schock 
could  whisper  to  each  other,  "it  is 
done,  the  \  ictorv's  ours." 

As  will  be  re.idily  seen  by  the 
interest  he  took  in  the  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  cily  in  which  he 
lived  and  the  steady  growth  he 
ina<le  from  the  lowest  to  the  highest 
lop  round  of  the  ladder  of  the 
ISo.ird  of  Trade,  Mr.  I're  did  not 
ennfine  his  work  to  self.  No  sooner 
had  the  Or// been  pl.u  ed  on  a  solid 
basis  and  where  he  could  see  suc- 
cess ahead,  a  tendency  to  assist 
others  and  help  on  I  he  good  works 
going  on  around  him  was  given 
IliH  reign.  When  Mr.  Ure  died 
Newark  loit  an  upright  citizen,  his 
wife  a  loving  husband  and  his  child- 
ren a  doting  f.ither. 


1^ 


CUL    J.   W.  I'l.KMING,  THE.'VS.  BoAKO    UF    TKAUE 


NEWARK  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 


1 1  LE  the  greater  part  of 
Essex  County  is,  indeed 
city -but  few  acres  of 
lier  soil  being  yet  given 
over  to  the  plough  and 
the  harrow,  the  shovel 
and  the  hoe  yet  it  is 
well  to  mark  the  divis- 
ion and  touch  the  history  in  brief  of 
the  great  industrial  city  of  the  west- 
ern world  which  has  been  built  upon 
a  large  section  of  her  territory,  under 
the  name,  style  and  title  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Not  unlike  many  of  our 
great  western  cities,  Newark  has  had 
a  truly  phenominal  growth  and  a  pros- 
perity of  her  own  quite  unexampled. 

-No  city  in  this  country,  with  perhaps 
the  exception  of  New  York,  Chicago 
and  San  Francisco,  with  one  or  two 
other  of  the  mighty  number  of  beautiful 
and  thriving  cities  among  those  which 
have  multiplied  with  startling  rapidity; 
and  all  within  the  four  short  centuries  of 
time  since  Columbus  planted  the  flags 
of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  the  then 
king  and  queen  of  Spain,  on  that  little 
isle  of  the  Bahama  group,  made  famous 
by  the  horde  oi /e//'iifs  which  the  great 
navigator  found  in  peaceful  and  undis- 
turbed possession  when  he  landed  his 
jaded  and  lialf  mutinous  crew — when 

considering  all  its  re.ictions,  has  had  suchamarvellousgrowth  and 
career  as  this  Newark,  city  of  teeming  industries  and  the  capital 

ci;y  of  Essex,  of 
whose  beauties  we 
love  to  bear  record, 
and  of  the  grandeur 
of  which  we  delight 
to  write. 

But  little  more 
than  two  hundred 
years  have  cycled 
by  since  the  little 
ba  n  d  gathered 
round  the  leaders' 
charming  daughter 
and  bestowed  upon 
lur  the  honor  of 
christening  the  new 
town  on  the  Passaic, 
Newark. 

From  Connecti- 
cut, the  little,'com- 
pany   came   armed 

JAMES   M.'^VMoi^  M.WOK.  ^^'"l     =>     hcroic     dc- 


NEWARK    CITY    HALL. 

votion  to  the  religion  they  loved,  and  a  sacrificial  fer\or  wliich 
would  brook  no  restraint  when  the  worship  of  their  Heavenly 
Father,  and  the  adoration  of  his  Son  was  the  true  religious  work 
being  done.  As  all  new  cities,  boroughs  and  towns  must  needs 
have  a  government,  the  new  city  of  Newark  must  on  no  account 
be,  or  become  an  exception  ;  nor  was  it. 

If  ever  church  and  state  came  together  and  at  white  heat,  the 
government  of  Newark  was  a  bright  particular  example  of 
such  a  coalescing.  The  men  and  women  who  came  were  made 
of  the  right  kinil  of  stuff,  and  as  the  town  grew  the  government 
stood  ready  harnessed  to  take  up  the  pace,  and  for  (|uite  forty 
years  it  was  an  open,  easy  race  with  the  church  in  the  lead  and 
the  State  close  up.  Some  of  the  early  writers  of  New-ark  history 
set  the  governmeni  down  as  "essentially  religious,"  and  left  it 
at  that ;  others  said  it  w-as  a  combination  of  the  "  Theocracy 
of  the  Jews"  and  a  "  Democratic  town  meeting"  of  New  Eng- 
l.ind.  One  fact  is  ever  at  the  front  in  all  the  governiental  affairs, 
and  that  was.  that  everybody  turned  out  and  took  a  hand  in  tlie 
primary  work  of  government  forming.  But  there  was  still 
another,  and  that  the  all-potent,  viz.:  None  but  the  saints  were 
permitted  to  take  ])art,  hold  office  or  vote.  The  written  law 
read,  "  none  shall  be  admitted  freemen  but  such  planters  as  are 
members  of  some  or  other  of  the  Congregational  churches," 
"  nor  shall  any  but  such  be  chosen  to  the  magistracy,"  "  nor 


his 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


shall  any  but  siuh  church  niem- 
liers  liave  any  vote  in  any  elect- 
ion." "Here,"  says  the  writer, 
"  was  the  most  complete  union  of 
church  and  State  ever  estab- 
lisheil  since  the  Mosaic  dispens- 
ation." 

This  kind  of  theocratic  govern- 
ment wound  up.  the  record 
informs  us,  on  March  i,  1677. 
when  it  was  voted,  as  a  town 
act.  "  that  all  and  every  man 
that  improves  land  in  the  '  town 
of  Newark.'  shall  make  their 
appearance  at  town  meetings, 
and  there,  attend  to  any  business 
as  shall  be  proposed,  as  any  of 
the  planters  do,"  The  saints 
themselves  thus  becoming 
careless  and  negligent,  allowed 
the  sinners  to  come  in  and  join 
the  government  phalanx.  Just 
at  this  point  in  the  career  of 
Newark,  then,  began  the  work 
of  those  influences  which  operate 
with  such  magic  power  in  the 
u|)ljuildnig  of  communities,  viz. : 
Freedom  of  speech.  Freedom  of 
the  ])ress  and  Freedom  to  wor- 
ship God  according  to  the  dic- 
tates of  one's  own  conscience. 

Newark  and  its  town-meeting  methods  of  government  con- 
tinued to  march  on  hand  in  hand  like  lovers  in  the  country  on 
going  to  church,  till  the  same,  becoming  a  sort  of  by-word  and 
reproach,  the  St.ite  Legislature,  on  petition,  granted  the  city  the 
right  to  a  division  into  wards,  four  in  number.  North,  South, 
Fast  and  West  Wards.  The  only  one  of  the  nundier,  which  had 
enough  of  prerogative  matter  in  its  make-up  to  inspire  that 
reverence  for  a  name  which  makes  it  ten.icious  and  long  cling- 
ing, w'as  the  "Old  North,"  and  the  "Old  North"  contained 
enough  to  make  it  hallowed  to  the  memory  of  the  oldest  in- 
liabilant,  and  y(JU   li.ive  now  only  to  tickle  his   recollection  with 


X  L  W  A K  K.    CI  1  V    H us r I T  A  L. 

marks.  Among  the  latter  we  may  name  the  ])opular  and  safe 
financial  institution,  called  in  its  lii>iiiir.  the  North  Ward  National 
Bank. 

All  the  "  (_)ld  North's  "  sisters  which  deported  themselves 
over  the  territory  joining  right  angles  at  the  crossing  of  Broad 
and  Market  .Streets,  died  spinsters,  leaving  no  issue,  and  their 
names  have  gone  into  foigetfulness,  only  as  the  oldest  inhab- 
itant is  induced  to  bring  forth  his  treasures  at  the  behest  of 
some  kindly  ambitious  soul,  who  is  full  of  anxiety  to  write  a 
book,  orto  say  theleast,  makean  effort,  with  the  cityof  Newark  for 
his  subject,  before  the  sere  and  yellow  leaf  of  his  existence  shall 


JOHN    S.    GIBSON,    COMPTROLLER. 


the   straw  of 

h  a  V  e     waxed 

a      rye      to 

and  waned,  or 

m  a  k  e       the 

the    bauble   of 

memory    jin- 

literary     fame 

gle  again,  al- 

shall    h  a  \-  e 

though      for- 

bursted,  when 

ge  t  f  u  1  n  e  s  s 

just  within  his 

was   not    dis- 

reach. 

tant   so    very 

The       first 

far. 

charter  of   the 

The    name 

city    of    New- 

still clings  to 

ark,  the  histor- 

the    section 

ian  informs  us. 

which       h  ,1  s 

w  a  s     granted 

the   beautiful 

by  the   legisla- 

W.ishington 

ture   in     1S36. 

I'ark   for    its 

riien     it     was 

centre     a  n  d 

that    she    cast 

the  n.,   L.  & 

a  w  ay        t  h  e 

W.     K.    R's. 

scarcely  .soiled 

llepol,      and 

shoes    of     her 

other    public 

township  boy- 

places, for  its 

hood,  and   put 

b  1  a  z  0  n  e  rl 

on    s|)an    new 

LOUIS    I.    WENDELL,    CITV    CLERK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


139 


boots,  "  manhoocl,"  and  started  forth  as  a  city 
proper.  As  iti  nearly  all  young  communities,  the 
great  men  soon  out-grew  the  places  for  their 
political  enthrallment,  and  as  Newark  did  not 
prove  an  exception,  however  devoutly  it  might 
have  been  wished  for,  there  were  continual  calls 
for  supplements  to  the  charter,  and  the  legisla- 
ture was  kept  busy  fulminating  supplements 
until  they  became  confusing  and  burthensome. 
Finally,  in  1854,  the  Common  Council  appointed 
a  Board  of  Commissioners  to  unravel  the  tan- 
gled skein  of  supplements  and  touch  with  index 
finger  the  tender  spots  in  the  derme  of  the  grow- 
ing crop  of  seekers  and  hoUlers  of  offices  under 
their  provisions. 

The  commissioners  entered    heroicall\'  U|ion 
the  task,   and   finally   succeeded    to    their   own 
satisfaction,  in  preparing  a  code  from  which  had 
been,  as  they  thought  and   had   abundant  and 
satisfactory   reasons  for  believing,  eliminated  all 
the      questionable      features,    but,     when      the 
Council    had    received    their    report,  and   as   a 
whole  had  gone  over  their  work  with  great  care, 
places  were  found   in  which  officials   were    in- 
trenched, who   would    not    surrender.     Late   in 
1S55.  a  committee  of  citizens  joined  in  the  w-ork 
and  finally  succeeded  in  presenting  a  charter  quite  satisfactory 
to  the  majority,  and  on  March  20,  1857,  it  havmg  received  the 
sanction  of  the  law-making  body   of  the  State,  was  signed  by 
the  Governor. 

Newark,  at  this  important  period  of  its  history,  was  divided 
into  eleven  wards,  each  of  which,  under  its  provisions,  were  en- 
titled to  two  Aldermen.  These,  with  his  Honor,  the  iVlayor, 
constituted  the  city  government.  Provision  was  also  made  in 
the  charter  for  the  formation  of  a  I3oard  of  Education,  to  which 
was  deputed  the  work  of  taking  care  of  the  public  schools, 
minus  the  appropriations,  which  was  reserved  to  the  Common 
Council.  While  much  wisdom  had  been  displayed  in  the 
formation  of  the  government,  a  practical  application  soon 
proved  that  simplicity  had  been  too  much  simplified,  and  that 
many  absolute  ret|uirenients,  in  a  rapidly  growing  conniiunity, 
had  not  been  met,  and  the  supplement  mill  must  needs  be  started 

and  the  old 
business  of 
grinding  out 
suppleme  nts 
begin  again. 

One  of  the 
lirst  to  pass 
through  t  h  e 
hopper  w  a  s 
the  s  u  p  p  le- 
m  e  n  t  estab- 
lishing a  Re- 
ceiverof  Ta.\es, 
and  the  provid- 
ing of  a  sinking 
fund  to  meet 
ihecily's  liond- 
ed  debt  when 
i  t  s  payment 
wasdemanded. 
Next  in  or- 
der came  the 
Board    of  As- 


GEOKUE    H.    WILSON,    CITY    TKEA.-^CKER. 


NEWARK    FEMALt:   CH ARI1AB1,E   SOCIETY'S    BUILDING, 
CORNER    HILI.   AND   HALSEV   STREETS. 

sessment  and  Revision  of  Taxes,  an  institution  of  which  the 
city  was  sadly  in  need  of.  This  institution,  which  has  proved 
such  a  boon  to  the  tax-paying  jjublic,  came  into  existence  in 
1S66.  At  this  lime,  1897,  the  IJoard  continues  with  the  same 
number  of  Commissioners  as  when  it  was  first  organized,  but 
all  are  now  appointed  by  the  Mayor. 

In  1873  the  demand  made  by  the  growth  of  the  city,  and  the 
extent  and  ini])orlance  of  its  financial  business,  was  met  by 
the  formation  of  a  Hoard  of  Finance,  with  an  officer  called  the 
Comptroller  standing  at  its  head.  So  smoothly,  economically 
and  wisely  has  the  affairs  of  this  department  been  conducted, 
but  few  changes,  and  these  of  a  nnnor  character,  have  been 
deemed  necessary. 

The  mighty  growth  of   the  city  and  its   expanse  hill-ward, 
seemed  to  demand  some  radical  changes  in  the  license  methods 
of  the  city.     To  meet  this  a  supplement  was  obtained  and  the 
Board  of  Com- 
m  i  s  s  i  o  n  e  r  s 
were    appoint- 
ed    under    its 
p  r  o  \'  i  s  i  o  n  s. 
These      have 
continued  with 
about  the  same 
duties     and 
p  o  w  e  r  s      as 
when  they  first 
began. 

Now  we  ap- 
|)roach  an  all 
important  part 
of  her  history  — 
that,  whicii  is 
connected  with 
The  Water 
15  o  a  r  d.  1  n 
1S60,  a  sup|)le- 
ment  came 
through      the  julics  b.  ungek,  keceiveh  of  taxes. 


140 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


r 


CnV    HOME.    AT    VKRONA. 


hopper  autlmiizing  the  city  to  purchase  the  franchise  liekl  In' 
the  Newark  Aciueduct  Company,  and  it  was  then,  the  Newark 
Aqueduct  Board  was  established,  and  into  its  hands  passed  the 
management  of  tlie  City's  water  supply. 

This  Board,  as  provided  by  law,  is  composed  of  five  members- 
who  are  elected  by  the  people,  and  is  clothed  with  very  extensive 
powers.  It  has  the  entire  control  and  management  of  the  Water 
department,  the  Street  department,  sewers  and  drains,  and  in 
fact  all  the  public  works  of  the  city.  The  other  departments  of 
the  city  government  are  the  Health  Board,  which,  under  recent 
legislation,  has  very  e.xtreme  powers;  tlie  Trustees  of  the  City 
Home,  a  reform  school  for  boys  and  girls  and  the  Trustees  of 
the  Free  Public  Library,  a  most  e.xcellent  institution  which  is 
giving  unqualified  satisfaction. 

Newark  is  situated  on  the  main  highw.iy  lietween  New  York 


anil  rhiladel|)hia,  and  on  the  Passaic  River,  anti  hallows  the 
spot  where  our  forefathers  first  delved,  and  then  ■■  built  belter 
than  they  knew."  Its  transportation  facilities  by  railroad  and 
water  are  unequalled.  It  is  less  than  thirty  minutes  from  the 
citv  of  New  York  by  rail,  and  about  an  hour  by  water.  Six 
railroads,  and  trains  innumerable  each  day,  transport  its  pas- 
sengers and  its  goods  to  and  from  the  great  metropolis,  and  to 
and  from  all  the  great  countries  and  cities  of  the  world. 

The  territorial  jurisdiction  of  the  city  embraces  an  area  of  |8 
square  miles.  Its  improved  streets  aggregate  a  length  of  over 
200  miles,  nearly  75  mdes  of  which  are  paved  with  granite, 
asiihaltum.  etc.,  and  its  sewers  a  length  of  more  than  100  miles. 
It  has  a  combined  area  of  nearly  150  acres  in  parks.  And  it 
now  has  a  supply  of  water  which  for  purity,  wholesomeness, 
sweetness    and    abundance,  is    unequalled.     As  the  bird's-eye 


.ALDERMAN    VVIM.TAM    HARKIGAN. 


views  of  the  city  reproduced 
in  this  woik  show,  the  large 
territory  embraced  within 
ihe  city's  limits  is  well  built 
upon,  but  not  overcrowded, 
r  he  salt  marshes  or  meadows 
in  the  southeastern  part  of 
the  city,  are  as  yet  sparsely 
occupied  by  either  dwellings 
or  factories,  but  even  here 
business  .and  manufacturing 
enterpiise  is  draining  and  re- 
claiming t  h  e  m.aish.  and 
l}uildings  and  dwellings  are 
multiplying. 

The  innumerable  factories 
in  tlie  city  are,  almost  with- 
out ,in  e.vccption.  well  and 
strongly  built,  finely  venti- 
lated and  lighted,  and  are 
excellent  examples  of  factory 
and  mill  .irchitecture.  The 
dwelling    houses   evince    the 


AI.DEK.MAN   JA.MES   A.    MCCARTHY. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


141 


prosperity  and  thi-ift  of  the  inhabitants,  who  as  a 
rule  are  well  and  comfortably  housed,  while  manv 
of  the  larger  dwellings,  as  illustrations  of  the  hand- 
some homes  of  the  city  given  in  this  work  will 
show,  are  models  of  comfort,  convenience  and 
beauty.  The  population  at  the  present  time.  iSg;. 
exceeds  two  hundred  and  twentv-tive  thousand 
souls. 

The  future  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  city  is 
assured,  and  will  be  continous.  steady  and  promises 
to   be    vast.     New    manufacturing    industries   are 
constantly  being  attracted  to  the  city  by  its  magni- 
ficent facilities  for   production  and   transportation, 
the  reasonable  prices  and  rents  asked  for  lands  and 
fact  ries.  the  low  tax    rate   and  the  perfect   police 
and    fire   protection,  which  the  city   affords.     .And 
with  this  constant  accession  of  new  ind.jstries  and 
enterprises,  conies  a  vast  and  steady  flowing  stream 
of  workmen  and  their  families,  certain  of  emplov- 
nient,  present  comfort  and  future  competence.     In 
addition  to  all  these,  there  is  a  large  overflow  everv 
year  from  the  city  of  New  York,  of  those  who  look 
for  cheaper  and  quieter  homes  than  thegreat  metro- 
polis can  furnish.     Moreover,  the  industries  of  the 
city  are  so  diversified  that  no  depression   in  any  one  industrv 
can  materially  interfere  with  the  general  growth  and  prosperitv 
of  the  town.     .-Mtogether,  it  seems  safe  to  predict  that  the  city 
of  Newark  will  at  no  very  distant  day  be  the  largest  and  most 
flourishing  manufacturing  city  in  the  United  Slates,  if  not  in  the 
world. 

The  question  now  being  mooted  of  a  "'greater  Newark," 
which  shall  take  in  the  larger  portion  of  Essex  and  those  divis- 
ions of  our  sister  county  of  Hudson,  known  as  Harrison  and 
Kearny,  the  latter  named  in  honor  of  the  heroic  Phil  Kearny, 
who  lost  his  life  at  Chantilly,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  whom 
adorns  the  beautiful  Military  Park,  will  ere  long  be  answered  in 
the  city  of  Newark  with  a  teeming  population  of  500,000  souls. 
The  city  is  both  well  and  cheaplv  governed.  The  tax  rate  for 
the  year  1896  was  onlv  S'-96  upon  each  $100  of  assessed  valu- 
ation, and  this  included  the  county  as  well  as  the  city  rate. 
The  assessed  valuation  of  property  within  the  city  for  taxable 
purposes  was.  in  1896,  after  deducting  debts,  $133,483,31 1.     The 

taxable  prop- 
erty was,  the 
year    preced- 


ALDLKMAN    JOSPEH    SLIlliL.\. 


'ng.Si3O.oS5. 

7S7,  w  h  i  c  li 
was  an  in- 
crease over 
the  assessed 
valuations  for 
1895    of    $3. 

397.537-  'I'Ik^ 
credit  of  the 
citvcan  hard- 
ly besur])ass- 
e  d  .  The 
management 
of  its  finances 
is  honest, 
conservative 
and  wise  ;and 
although 
public  im- 
provements 


HOME  UF  THE   FRIENDLESS,   SOUTH    OR.ANGE   AVENUE. 

aie  being  constantly  carried  on.  and  there  is  never  any  pause  in 
the  efforts  of  munici|)al  authorities  to  improve,  beautify  and 
adorn  the  city,  yet  all  these  public  works  are  carried  on  and 
managed  in  so  wise  and  skillful  a  manner,  that  the  burden  of  pay- 
ing for  them  is  scarcely  felt  liy  the  taxpayers.  So  excellent  is  the 
credit  of  the  city,  that  it  has  no  difficulty  in  placing  such  bonds 
as  it  finds  necessary  to  issue,  at  4  and  4^  per  cent. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  city  are  in  the  main  enterprising,  indus- 
trious, thrifty  and  prosperous.  Considering  the  size  of  the  city, 
such  poverty  as  exists  within  its  borders  is  almost  insignificant. 
There  is  employment  for  all  who  are  able  and  willing  to  work, 
and  at  fair  wages,  so  that  none,  except  those  stricken  by  disaster 
or  disease  need  know  the  name  of  want.  And  for  these  un- 
fortunate and  distressed,  charity  is  liberal  and  abundant. 

The  city  was  first  incorporated  by  the  name  of  "  The  Mayor 
and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Newark,"  and  this  name 
has  never  been  changed  in  all  the  subsequent  legislation  relat- 
ing to  the  city  and  its  government,  although  many  changes 
h  a  \'  e  been 
made  in  the 
powers,  duties 
,md  responsi- 
bilities of  these 
ofi'icers. 

The  present 
Mayor  of  the 
city  is  James 
M.  Seymour, 
who  succeeded 
Julius  A.  Leb- 
kuecher  in 
May,     1896. 

The  Mayor 
is  allowed  a 
private  secre- 
tary and  one 
additional 
clerk,  and  in 
addition,  a  po- 
lice officer  is 
detailed    to 


AI.DKKMA.S'    THOMAS   CORT. 


142 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ST.    MARVS   ORPHAN    ASYLUM    AND   CHAPEL,    VAILSBURt^    N.   J. 


Stand 'guard  at'lhe  executive  door  during  office  hours,  and  to  act 
as  IVTayor's  messenger.  Not  an  imposing  staff,  truly,  but  with  it 
the  Mayor  of  tliis  great  city  must  needs  be  content.  During 
the  absence  of  the  Mayor  from  the  city,  the  executive  duties 
devolve  upon  the  President  of  the  Common  Council. 

In  times  past,  the  Common  Council  was  a  proud  and  import- 
ant body.  Almost  all  the  patronage  of  the  city  was  exercised 
by  it,  and  the  key  of  the  city  treasury  was  in  its  hands.  Nearly 
all  the  city  officials  were  elected  or  appointed  by  it.  Policemen, 
firemen  and  lesser  heroes  were  named  and  practically  appointed 
by  the  aldermen  of  the  varions  wards,  and  consequently,  an  alder- 
man in  his  ward  was  a  great  and  mighty  man.  In  those  days  to 
be  an  alderman  was  to  be  a  king.  But  times  have  changed,  and 
aldermen  have  changed  with  them.  The  Common  Council  has 
been  shorn  of  ahnost  all  its  patronage  and  power,  and  an  alder- 
man is  no  longer  the  great  and  mighty  ruler  that  he  was.  Inde- 
pendent commissions  control  the  Police,  Fire,  Health  and  other 
departments,  and  the  entire  field  of  Public  Works  has  been 
transferred    to  a  new    anti  independent  board.     The  Common 


Council  has  now,  but  little  to  do  besides  making  the  annual 
appropriations  demanded  by  the  various  comraissions. 

The  Common  Council,  as  the  Board  of  Alderman  is  styled, 
is  composed  at  present  of  thirty  members,  two  aldermen  being 
elected  from  each  of  the  fifteen  wards  into  which  the  city  is  ;it 
present  divided.  The  Aldermen  composing  the  present  board  are  ; 
First  Ward,  Edmund  S.  Joy,  David  D.  Bragravv ;  Second,  Louis 
M.  Finger,  Theodore  B.  Guerin;  Third,  John  Buhl,  Charles  Jacobi; 
Fourth,  Abraham  Manners,  William  S.  Righter  ;  Fifth,  James 
A.  Mc  Carthy,  Charles  Weigend  ;  Sixth,  William  O.  Kuebler, 
Edward  M.  Waldron  ;  Seventh,  Frank  B.  Knott,  Wdliam  J. 
Joice;  Eighth,  Winton  C.  Garrison,  Sidney  N.  Ogden ;  Ninth, 
George  Virtue,  Syhamis  .Shepperd  ;  Tenth,  William  J.  Morrow, 
Minard  A.  Knapp;  Eleventh,  Edward  W.  Benjamin,  Abram 
C.  Denman  ;  Twelfth,  William  Harrigan,  Herman  Stahnten ; 
Tliirteenth,  Jacob  Schreihofer,  Ferdinand  Hosp;  Fourteenth, 
Valentine  Frahold,  John  Pea ;  Fifteenth.  Willi. im  iMungle, 
Joseph  S.  Sutphen. 

The  Police  Commissioners  arc  appointed  by  the  Mayor  and 


BUILI51NG   INSI'BCTOK   F.   A.   DEY, 


form  a  non-partisan  body,  two 
of  their  number  being  chosen 
from  each  of  the  great  ])olitical 
parties.  The  present  Police 
Commissioners  are  :  Lyman  IC. 
Kane,  President;  James  R, 
.Smith,  Edward  H.  Uffert  and 
.Moses  Bigelow.  The  Secretary 
of  the  Board  is  Joseph  M.  Cox. 
This  Board  has  the  control  and 
management  of  the  Police  De- 
partment, but  can  only  remove  a 
police  official  for  cause,  after 
hearing.  The  permanency  of 
llie  force,  thus  assured,  ])einiits 
ilie  attainment  of  perfect  disci- 
phne  and  efficiency,  and  the 
])i)lice  department  of  the  city  of 
.Newark,  as  it  exists  to-day,  is 
in  these  respects  equalled  by 
\  ery  few,  if  excelled  by  anv 
'llie  police  force  numbered  in 
1896,     322    officers    and   men, 


i4 

^L^Jk 

p 

ipv 

EX-MAKKET  CLEKK  GEO.   HER.MO.NN. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /,  ILLUSTRATED. 


143 


officered  by  a  chief,  four  captains,  and  tine  necessary- 
subordinate  otTicers.  For  police  purposes  the  city  is 
divided  into  four  precincts,  the  first  being  under  the 
command  of  Capt.  William  P.  Daly;  the  second 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  Michael  Corbitt ;  the 
third  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Andrew  J. 
McManus  ;  and  the  fourth  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  John  H.  Ubhaus. 

The  Board  of  Fire  Commissioners  is  also  ap- 
pointed by  the  Mayor,  and  is  likewise  a  non-parti- 
san body.  The  present  Fire  Commissioners  are  ■ 
Henry  R.  Baker,  President  ;  Henry  C.  Rommell, 
Hugo  Menzel.  The  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department 
is  Robert  Kiersted.  The  department  possesses 
steam  fire  engines,  hook  and  ladder  companies  and 
chemical  engine.  It  has  an  elaborate  and  com- 
plete fire-alarm  telegraph  system,  and  fire-alarm 
signal  boxes,  so  that  a  fire  in  any  part  of  the  city 
may  be  reached  by  the  fire  engines  at  once.  In 
addition  to  the  engines  maintained  by  the  fire  depart- 
ment of  the  city,  the  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters 
maintain  a  Salvage  Corps,  whose  'duties  are  suffi- 
ciently indicated  by  its  name.  The  city  is  thus  amply 
and  efficiently  protected  from  fire. 

The  Board  of  Assessment  and  Revision  of  Taxes  is  also 
appointed  by  the  Mayor.  Its  duties  are  to  make  all  assessments 
of  all  property  within  the  city  for  taxable  purposes,  to  keep 
proper  records  thereof,  to  revise  the  same  whenever  necessary, 
and  to  hear  and  determine  all  appeals  from  citizens  in  matters 
of  taxation.  The  present  members  of  this  board  are:  Philip 
Lowy,  John  Otto,  Marcus  S.  Richards,  Frederick  W.  Paul,  R. 
Heber  Breintnall.     The  Secretary  of  the  Board  is  Noah  Cuter. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  Sinking  Fund  are  Robert  F. 
Ballantine,  Frederick  Frelinghuysen,  Andrew  J.  Kirkpatrick,  and 
the  Mayor  and  Compti oiler,  ^.iw^c/;;.  The  Sinking  Fund  is 
intended  to  meet  the  various  issues  of  city  bonds  as  they 
respectively  fall  due,  and  these  Commissioners  have  charge  of 
the  investment  of  the  funds  intrusted  to  their  charge,  until  such 
times  as  they  are  needed  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  and  retiring 
bonds. 

The  Board  of  Excise  Commissioners  have  charge  of  the  grant- 
ing of  licenses  for  the  sale  of  spirituous  and  malt  li(|uors  and 


ST.    BARNABAS    HOSPITAL.    HICH    AND    MONTGOMERY    STREETS. 


PETEK    Ul.RlCK,    COMMlSSlONtK    HOARD    OF    WORKS. 


wines  within  the  city  limits.  They  are  at  present:  Franklin 
Marx,  President  ;  Eugene  Carroll,  Carl  Schwartz  and  James 
Johnston. 

The  Health  Department  is  possessed,  under  recent  legislation, 
of  very  ample  powers  for  the  care  and  protection  of  the  public 
health  of  the  city.  The  present  members  of  the  Board  of 
Health  are:  Dr.  II.  C.  H.  Heiold,  M.  Straus,  A.  II.  Johnson. 
J.  A.  Furman,  \V.  I!.  Guild,  C.  E.  Mackey,  Dr.  C.  M.  Zeh,  Dr. 
D.  L.  Wallace.  Dr.  F.  W.  Becker.  Dr.  W.  S,  Disbrow.  The 
Health  Officer  is  David  D.  Chandler.  The  City  Hospital  and 
the  City  Dispensary  are  under  the  management  of  the  Board  of 
Health.  They  control  and  direct  the  hospital  maintained  by 
the  city  for  its  suffering  poor,  and  also  maintain  at  the  hospital 
a  training  school  for  nurses. 

The  Trustees  of  the  City  Home  are :  the  Mayor,  ex-officio, 
\.  Ward  Woodruff,  John  Breunig,  Henry  Merz,  John  B.  Rich- 
mond James  A.  MrCarlhy,  Frank  H.  Knott.  The  City  Home 
is  a  reformatory  institution  for  wayw:ird  and  tru.int  children, 
and  its  discipline  is  in- 
tended to  lead  them  back 
and  accustom  them  to 
walk  in  ways  of  useful- 
ness and  sobriety. 

The  Free  Public  Li- 
brary, of  the  city  is  man- 
aged by  a  board  of  trus- 
tees which  is  at  present 
composed  of  Edward  H. 
Duryee,  James  K.  Howell, 
Rich  a  r  d  C.  Jenkinson, 
William  Johnson,  James 
Taaffe,  besides  the  Mayor 
and  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  .Schools,  ex-ojfficio- 
The  Free  Library  is 
splendidly  housed  and 
elegantly  equipped.  It 
contains  a  library  of  al- 
most 30.000  books,  besides 
a  finely  furnished  reading- 

WlLLlA.M    U.    MORRIS,    DUCUME.NT    CI.IiKK, 


14-4 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


\ 


^', 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ur, 


MAYORS  OF  NEWARK. 
<<QPEAK  of  men  as  you  find  (hem"  is  a  good  old  adage. 
O  and  gives  opportunity  when  writing  of  such  as  have 
been  brought  before  the  pubHc,  as  having  been  the  occupant  of 
some  pubHc  position,  and  so  it  is  with  those  who  have  been 
called  to  the  mayoralty  of  the  industrial  city  of  Newark,  now, 
at  this  writing  (1897)  number  just  a  full  score  and  one  more. 
In  carrying  out  the  old  adage  in  speaking  of  these  men,  whose 
photos  appear  on  the  opposite  page  of  this  work,  as  we  have 
found  them,  we  will  be  pardoned  for  giving  expression  to  the 
regret  which  haunts  our  mind  and  has  an  almost  paralysing  in- 
fluence over  the  pen,  for  that  the  lack  of  space  to  give  ever  so 
brief  a  mention  of  each  one  of  the  men  whose  executive  ability 
as  exercised  through  the  mayorship  of  the  capital  city,  of  Essex 
County,  has  had  so  much  to  tlo  toward  its  weal  or  woe. 

As  we  glance  over  the  page  from  which  these  men  speak  to 
us,  as  if  they  were  all  living  and  in  our  presence,  our  regrets 
grow  apace  that  full  justice  cannot  be  done  nor  free  rein  given 


The  third  on  the  list  was  General  Miller,  a  man  honored  and 
respected  by  all.  The  fourth  in  the  mayorally  succession  was 
Oliver  H.  Halstead,  a  scholarly  gentleman  who  was  afterward 
honored  with  an  appointment  as  Chancellor  of  the  State  of  New 
Jersey.  It  was  in  the  stirring  political  times  of  1S40.  He 
served  one  term. 

The  fifth  was  William  Wright,  who  became  Mayor  of  New- 
ark in  1841.  He  served  three  years.  He  was  afterward  made 
Governor,  and  then  honored  with  an  elevation  to  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States.  The  sixth  Mayor  of  Newark  w-as  Stephen 
Dodd  who  was  elected  in  1844,  and  served  one  year.  His 
birth  place  was  Mendham,  Morris  County,  March  7,  1770. 
Mayor  Dodd  lived  to  the  ripe  old  age  of  85,  and  passed  away 
March  25.  I855.  Next  came  Col.  Isaac  Baldwin  as  the  seventh 
mayor.  He  was  elected  in  1845,  and  served  a  single  term.  He 
died  in  1S53.  Beach  Vanderpool  came  next,  the  eighth  in  the 
line  of  Newark's  mayors.  He  was  born  in  Newark,  in  180S, 
and  was  made  Mayor  of  his  native  city  In   1846.  and  died    in 


OFKICER.S    OF    I  111:     IIIIUI'    I'Kli   INi    I. 


to  our  desires,  to  let  the  pen  run  so  that  this  beautiful  souvenir 
may  in  all  things  be  just  as  we  would  like  it.  It  is  now  nearly 
three  quarters  of  a  century  since  Newark  became  an  incorpor- 
ated city  and  elected  her  first  mayor  ni  the  person  of  Hon. 
\\  illiam  Halsey,  who  so  far  as  we  have  lieen  able  to  gather 
data  relating  to  him,  made  an  acceptable  mayor.  Mr.  Halsey 
belonged  to  the  Short  Hills  and  Sprin,jfield  branch  of  the 
family,  all  of  whom  had  made  honorable  records  and  some 
stood  by  Pastor  Caldwell's  side  when  he  gave  the  British 
■'  Watts." 

The  Second  mayor  was  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  a  name 
honored  and  revered  ever)'where,  and  in  "  speaking  of  him  as 
we  find  him,"  we  have  only  to  saj"  everybody  loved  and  re- 
spected him.  This  great  and  good  man  will  be  best  remem- 
bered as  the  Whig  candidate  for  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  on  the  ticket  with  Henry  Clay,  "  Gallant  Harry  of  the 
west." 


1884.  sincerely  mourned  bv  all  who  knew  him.  Such  was  the 
character  of  his  genius  on  all  those  surrounding  him,  and  what- 
ever he  came  in  contract  with  felt  his  influence. 

The  name  of  Quinby  is  synonymous  with  the  carriage  man- 
ufacturing industry  in  the  city  of  Newark.  This  arises  from  the 
fact  that  Isaac  M.  Ouinby,  who  was  the  ninth  in  the  Mayoralty 
succession,  was  a  representative  of  this  industry,  which,  for 
many  years,  took  the  lead  in  Newark's  manufacturing  interests. 
Mr.  Ouinby  was  a  native  of  Orange,  served  three  terms  as 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Newark,  and  crossed  the  dark  river  in 
1874,  mourned  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Among  the  Mayors  of  Newark,  it  will  take  but  the  glance  of 
the  reader  to  select  the  tenth  in  number  from  among  the  men 
whose  phothos  grace  the  page,  as  one  who  went  out  and  in 
among  the  people,  Horace  J.  Poinier,  beloved  and  honored  by 
all.  In  1857  Mr.  Poinier  was  elected  .Mayor  and  served  three 
terms. 


146 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  TLLVSTRATED. 


Few  men  had  a  stronger  liold  upon  tlie  affec- 
tions of  the  people  than  the  eleventh  hi  the  line  of 
Mayors  who  served  the  people  of  Newark,  the  Hon. 
Moses  Bigelow.  This  estimable  gentleman,  of 
whom  it  is  not  saving  too  much  that  Newark  never 
had  a  more  popular  Mayor,  nor  one  who  was  more 
highly  esteemed  for  his  many  noble  qualities  of 
heart  and  hand.  Moses  Bigelow  was  a  pioneer  in 
the  varnish  munufacturing  industry,  and  amassed  a 
large  fortune  through  his  correct  habits  and  his 
close  application  to  business.  For  seven  years  he 
watched  the  city's  interests  from  the  chair  of  the 
m.iyoralty,  and  when  he  died,  in  1877,  very  few 
were  ever  more  sincerely  mourned.  The  old  busi- 
ness which  he  established  is  now  conducted  by  his 
son,  Moses  Bigelow,  and  his  son-in  law.  Ex- 
Judge  Sarauel  F.  Bigelow,  the  well-known  and  suc- 
cessful attorney  and  counsellor  at  law.  is  also  a  son 
of  the  Mayor. 

The  ne.xt  or  twelfth   in  the  line  of  succession   to 
the  mayoralty  was  the  late  lamented  Ambassador 
to    Germany.   Major    General   'Iheodore    Runyon. 
The  General,  as    he  was   .dways   familiarly  called.         ~ 
was   elected    Mayor  m    1S74   and    served   for  two 
years.      He    then    accepted     the    high    office  of  the 
Chancellorship,  which  he  held    for  fourteen  years.     During  the 
civil  war  he  commanded   the  First  New  Jersey  Brigade,  and  at 
he  battle  of  the  first  Bull   Run  commanded  a  division.     On  re- 
tiring from  the  office  of  Chancellor   he  was  appointed  by   Pres- 
ident Cleveland  as  Minister  to  Germany,  the  mission  which  was 
raised  in  his  honor  to  .Ambassador.     Soon  after  this  new  honor 
had  been  bestowed,  the  General  while  at  church  in  Berlin  was 
stricken  with  apople.vj-,  and  died   soon  after  reaching  his  home. 

The  trunk  and  bag  industry  of  the  city  of  Newark  had  in 
Thomas  B.  Peddle,  the  thirteenth  Mayor,  one  of  the  earliest  and 
firmest  supporteis  and  promoters.  The  First  Baptist  Church, 
now  the  Peddle  Memorial,  was  thus  named  in  honor  of  Mayor 
Peddle,  who,  when  he    died  in  1S85,  left  the  church  a  handsome 


l.VM.VN    K.    KA.NK,    PoLli.L 


l.\l.\ll.->.ill..M'.K. 


SECOND    POLICE    PRECINCT    filllLDINC 
COR.  SUMMEK  .\NU  SEVENTH  AVENUES. 

bequest.  He  also  during  his  life  dealt  so  liberally  with  the 
Baptist  school  at  Hightstown  that  it  was  called  in  his  honor  the 
Peddie  Institute. 

The  man  who  is  yet  going  out  and  i)i  amoug  us,  laden  with 
years  and  honors  and  yet  bearing  fruit,  was  elected  Mayor  in 
1869,  and  as  God  raised  up  Washington  and  Lincoln  each  for 
his  speoial  purpose,  so,  too,  was  Frederick  W.  Ricord  raised  up 
for  the  mayoralty,  at  a  time  when  then  the  rashness  and  want 
of  foresight  in  others  required  his  scrutinizing  gaze,  his  master 
hantl  at  the  helm,  to  save  from  utter  t'mancial  ruin  by  wielding 
the  pen  to  veto  the  great  Broad  street  wood-paving  ordinance. 
So,  too,  indeed,  had  Mayor  Ricord  been  raised  up,  that  New- 
ark did  herself  a  lasting  honor  when  she  took  up  the  man  and 
made  him  Mayor  who  hatl  the  courage  and  manliness  to  do  the  right  thing  at 
the  right  time.  The  innate  goodness  of  heart  of  Frederick  W.  Ricord  was  con- 
stantlv  cropping  out  when  in  the  prime  of  life,  while  the  argus  eye  of  the 
people  concentrates  its  ga/e  to  reach  it  ;  and  thus  it  was  they  called  him 
from  his  pen  to  the  School 
Commissionership,  to  the 
Mayoralty,  to  the  Lay 
Judgeship,  to  the  Shrie\- 
ally,  to  the  Librarianship 
of  the  Historical  Societ\-, 
where  he  yet  remains, 
while  new  honors  w.iit 
upon  his  pen. 

In  1873  Nehemiah  Per- 
I  \',  a  leading  clothing 
mercliant, carried  his  ban- 
ner of  success  to  the 
Mayoralty  chair  of  the 
ity  of  Newark  and  was 
unnbered  the  fifteenth  of 
ic  Ime.  Mr.  Perry,  who 
.liter  wards  represented 
his  district  in  the  lower 
house  of  Congress,  and 
.IS  he  was  himself  inter- 
ested in  the  manufactur- 
ing interests  of  Newark. 

JAMES    K.    S.VIirH.    POl.lCI.    COMMISSIONER. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


u: 


Ol'FlCKRS    KIKST   PRECINCT — HEADQUARTERS. 


he  proved  of  great  service.     Mr.  I'erry  served  but  one  term  as 
Mayor. 

The  sixteenth  Mayor  of  Newark  was  Henry  J.  Yates,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  hatting  firm  of  Yates  &  Wharton,  and  a  gentleman 
who  was  deeply  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  manufacturing 
interests  and  of  the  people  engaged  in  hatting  and,  indeed,  in 
all  the  lines  of  her  manufacturing  industries.  He  served  two 
full  terms  as  .Mayor. 

William  H.  F.  Fiedler  was  made  Mayor  in  1879  and  served 
one  term,  the  seventeenth  in  the  line  of  succession.  He  had 
represented  Esse.x  County  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
and  his  district  in  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey.  Mayor  Fied- 
ler was  president  of  the  United  States  Credit  System  Company, 
and  was  Postmaster  of  Newark  for  the  term  of  four  years.  .Mr. 
Fiedler  is  now  engaged  in  the  merchant  tailoring  business. 
"  Hilly  "  Fiedler,  as  his  friends  (and  he  has  hosts  of  them)  seem 

of  the  Thirteenth  Ward  Public 
•School-house,  and  refused  to  move 
on  until  the  magnet  which  so  influ- 
enced it  came  forth,  the  nineteenth 
in  the  line  of  succession  of  Mayors, 
in  the  person  of  Joseph  E.  Haynes, 
the  principal,  ant)  for  ten  long  years 
this  representative  schoolmaster 
continued  to  perform  the  duties  of 
Mavor.  When  this  faithful  school 
representative  and  popular  official 
had  ceased  to  be  Mayor,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  made 
him  Postmaster. 

While  Newark  had  long  held  the 
lead  as  a  jewelry  manufacturing 
centre,  not  a  single  representative 
of  this  industry  had  found  his  way 
1(1  the  Mayor's  chair,  until  the  time 
when  the  twentieth  in  the  line  of 
succession  was  found  in  the  person 
of  Julius  Lebkeucher,  of  the  jewelry 

firm    of    Krementz    &  Co,,  and  he 

hi;.m;'i    u.   iiui'i  lk,  ciiitF  ui-   rui.icii. 


privileged  to  call  him,  is  of  German  descent,  and  in  his  political 
career  none  were  truer  to  his  standard  than  they  of  the  Father- 
land, and  among  of  these  he  found  his  heaviest  rocks  of  denfenst, 
and  Judge  Gottfried  Krueger  always  led  the  van. 

The  only  representative  of  the  great  leather  manufacturing 
interests  Newark  ever  had  in  the  M;iyoralty  came  in  the  per- 
son of  Henry  Lang,  the  eighteenth  of  the  line  of  Mayors. 
Public  life  was  ever  distasteful  to  Henry  Lang,  and  his  Scotch 
home  tastes  and  idealties  proved  more  to  his  liking  than  the 
excitement  of  political  affairs,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  he 
refused  a  renoniination  by  his  party.  Mayor  Lang  had  served 
as  Alderman  for  several  years  most  acceptably,  and  tiie  writer 
has  reason  to  know  that  right  for  him  was  always  on  the  lead. 

That  the  educational  class  had  been  given  the  go-by  in  the 
selection  of  Mayorlty  candidates  never  became  so  evidently 
manifest  as  in  1883,  wlien  the  political  needle  stopped  in  front 


EDWAKD    11.     UrlEUr,  I'OLICE  COM  M  ISSIO.NER. 


14S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


was  called  for  and  acce[)led  the  place.  The  cares  of  olfice  and 
the  responsibilities  counected  with  the  administration  of  the 
duties  of  the  Chief  Executive  of  the  city  of  Newark  proving  irk- 
some, at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  Mayor  Lebkuecher 
retired. 

Although  extra  good  dishes  filled  with  superior  articles  have 
been  served  throughout  the  feast  of  the  chiefs,  as  we  ask  the 
privilege  of  so  denominating  the  short  tributes  to  the  Mayors  of 
Newark,  and  these,  we  trust,  having  been  relished  and  enjoyed, 
we  will  now  bring  on  the  dessert  and  conclude  with  James  M. 
Seymour,  the  twenty-first  in  the  Mayoralty  line.  As  the  tribute 
proper  to  him  could  he  better  served  when  his  work  as  Mayor 
shall  be  concluded,  we  can  at  this  time  only  rehearse  a  few  of 
the  facts  in  his  history  and  life  which  have  led  up  to  his  entry 
upon  the  duties  of  the  Mayor's  office,  and  with  this  we  may  now 
say  they  were  indeed  well  done  if  continued  and  finished  as  well 
as  thev  are  begun.     That  we  have  warrant  of  this  in  his  excellent 


zen's  quiet,  or  always  on  time  caught  with  his  club  the  descend- 
ing stroke  aimed  at  body,  head  or  limb,  intent  on  breaking  (n 
bruising,  yet  'twas  not  until  the  commission  w-as  establishtil 
did  the  "  force,"  as  it  is  termed,  reach  that  splendid  state  of 
perfection  in  discipline  existing  to-day.  While  the  men  are  no 
better,  and,  perhaps,  some  not  so  good  as  the  old  "lads." 
among  whom  there  was  occasionally  rough  and  ready  bovs, 
who  grasped  their  club  with  firm  hand  and  w-ere  off  .is  if  on 
the  wings  of  wind,  when  the  signal  "tap"  of  some  comrade 
came  to  their  ear  calling  relief  from  threatened  danger  and 
need  of  help  in  the  moment  of  peril,  perhaps  to  break  the  death 
grapple  of  a  comrade  with  some  midnight  marauder  on  villain- 
ous purpose  bent,  were  ever  true  and  steady.  To  realize  the 
fact  that  the  police  force  of  the  city  of  Newark  is  as  near  thr 
ideal  as  it  is  quite  possible  to  be  brought,  the  interested  (and 
who  is  not)  have  only  to  run  their  eye  over  the  records  and 
catch  what  the  grand  truth  tells,  recorded  on  the  pages  where  pho- 


t'orRTH    POLICE    I'RKCINCr.    SPRI  XCfl  K  1.1 1    AND    FIFTEENTH    .AVENL'ES. 


Supervisorship  of  the  State  Prison  and  the  satisfactory  exhibit 
he  made  as  a  Commissioner  of  the  Water  Board,  and  the  ever- 
watchful  care  he  has  exercised  as  a  Manager  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education,  all  these,  and  his  talents  as  a  mechanical  engineer 
and  his  successful  business  career,  show  pretty  conclusively 
what  shall  happen  when  a  Mayoralty  career,  so  auspiciously 
begun  and  continued  so  far  in  his  first  year,  And  now.  when 
the  dessert  is  finished,  there  will  be  little  hope  indeed  for  the 
"w^aiting.  roping  scores"  when  w^e  call  on   the  nuts  and  cigars. 


POLICE  OF  NEWARK. 
\\/HlLE  the  city  of  Newark  and  her  people  has  always  had 
VV  oft-repeated  reasons,  and  as  oft-repeated  in  such  de- 
monstrations that  every  present  eye  could  see  and  understand 
as  the  policemen  trode  their  midnight  round,  or  fearlessly 
dashed  on  where  destroyers  of  peace  and  disluibers  of  the  citi- 


tographs  are  ke|)t  of  each  man's  "duty  steps  "  as  he  circles 
his  beat  in  pursuance  thereof.  Show  us  the  citizen  who,  when 
he  lies  down  to  his  rest  and  peaceful  slumbers,  and  who  does 
not  feel  that  the  argus  eye  of  the  faithful  policeman  does  not  guard 
him  w-ell,  or  fails  in  his  duty,  we  will  show-  you  one  who  is  not 
worthy  of  the  self-sacrifice  that  is  made  by  the  devoted  police- 
man for  his  sake.  The  Board  of  Police  Commissioners  is  a  non- 
partisan body,  and  therefore  it  is  that  the  political  dark  that 
used  to  be  peeking  betw-een  the  rails  of  the  old  fence  has  been 
hustled  away,  and  a  "a  man's  a  man  for  'a  that"  has  taken  the 
place  on  the  force.  The  Commissioners  are  five  in  number  and 
hold  office  for  the  term  of  five  years.  At  this  writing  the  body 
is  made  up  of  Lyman  E.  Kane,  president;  Moses  Bigelow, 
James  R.  Smith.  Edward  Uffert.  Police  headquarters  are  at 
No.  13  W'illiam  street,  at  rear  of  City  Hall.  Joseph  M.  Cox  is 
secretary;  Police  Surgeon.  Dr.  J.  Henry  Clark  ;  Chief  of  Police, 
Henry  Hopper.     Wilbur  A.  Mott,  Esq.,  is  Judge    of  the   First 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


149 


DALY,    THIRD    PRECINCT. 


Precinct  Court,  1 1  William 
street.  Judge  Mott  also 
presides  in  Part  II.,  Sum- 
mer and  Seventli  avenues. 
Fourtli  Criminal  Court, 
Part  11..  134  Van  Buren 
street.  Judge  Augustus  F. 
liggers.  Judge  Eggers 
also  looks  after  the  inter- 
ests of  Part  I.  of  the  same 
Fourth  Precinct  Court^ 
corner  of  Springfield  ave- 
nue and  Fifteenth  street. 
Elmer  Freeland  is  Clerk 
of  the  First  Precinct  Court 
and  of  the  Second  Part, 
and  Thomas  Pearson. 
Esq.,  is  Clerk  of  the  Sec- 
ond Precinct  Court,  also 
of  its  Second  Part.  There 
are  on  the  regular  force 
eight  Detectives,  Benja- 
min R.  Stainsby,  William 
Carroll.  John  F.  Cosgrove, 


C.M'T.    .VNDKKW    J.    M  M.\M  S,    l-TR.Sr    I'HIiCI.NCT. 


Peter  J.  Christie,  Richard  Lewis,  Julius  Jaegers,  August  Jackes, 
Joseph  Wrightson  ;  Truant  Officer,  Albert  J.  Haynes.  There 
are  four  Captains,  one  of  each  Precinct  and  Sub-Precinct  or 
Second  Part,  viz..  Captain  William  Daly,  I  24  Congress  street ; 
Captain  Michael  Corbett,  84  Park  street;  Captain  Andrew  J. 
McManus,  85  Clifton  avenue;  Captain  John  H.  Ubhaus,  89 
Springfield  avenue.  There  are  also  twelve  Lieutenants  of 
Police,  three  for  each  Precinct  and  its  sub.  At  the  First  Pre- 
cinct, Ernest  A.  Astley,  Peter  Walker,  Thomas  Tracey ;  Second 
Precinct,  Freeman  A,  Edwards,  Henry  Lewis,  John  H.  Adams ; 
Third  Precinct,  John  W.  Prout,  Michael  Barrett,  Alfred  C. 
Dowling ;  Fourth  Precinct,  Charles  Klein,  Henry  Vahle,  Jacob 
Wambold.  To  the  First  Precinct  there  are  three  Roundsmen 
detailed,  and  one  Roundsman  only  for  each  of  the  remaining 
three  Precincts.  The  entire  force  consists  of  265  patrolmen, 
to  each  of  whom  is  allotted  a  certain  route,  made  up  of  streets, 
alleys,  etc.,  which,  in  the  parlance  usual  to  the  force,  are  called 
"beats,"  but   tor  what  ]5articular  reason  theyaie  possessed  of 


C.\1'T.    MICH.VEL   COKBETT,    SECOND    I'KI'.CINCT. 


that  peculiar  cognomen,  or  the  wherefore  of  their  being  so 
named,  we  are  unable  to  tell.  But  now,  since  the  question  has 
been  raised,  and  we  are  entirely  satisfied  that  it  will  be  no 
breach  of  confidence  to  divulge  the  fact  which  tells  the  reason 
whv  they  are  not  so  named,  viz.,  because  no  one  ever  had  the 
least  reason  for  telling  it,  and  because  they  had  never  known  a 
policeman  to  beat  the  city  out  of  a  single  moment  of  time  or  an 
inch  of  his  prescribed  route.  The  name  could  not  by  any 
stretch  of  thought  or  peculiarity  of  language  be  taken  from 
the  old  saying,  viz.,  "beating  about  the  bush."  Whatsoever, 
wheresoever  or  howsoever  it  may  have,  the  name  is  here,  and, 
from  present  appearances,  "has  come  to  stay,"  that  is,  we 
should  sav  so,  if  it  is  here  indeed  worth  saying  anything  about. 
Space  permitting,  we  should  have  more  to  say,  but  the  very  best 
thing  to  say  is  to  say  it  and  have  done  with  it.  and  before  you 
have  paralyzed  the  language,  liut  ere  such  a  catastrophe 
should  befall  us,  it  is  our  desire  to  say  in  as  few  words  as  possi- 
ble that,  taking  all  in  all.  and  placing  every  man  and  all  things 
of  or  about  the  Police  Depart- 
ment in  its  proper  category,  the 
police  force  of  the  city  of  New- 
ark has  few  equals  and  no  supe- 
riors. Bring  on  data,  and  if 
comparisons  don't  prove  a  tritle 
odious  to  the  opposition,  we 
have  made  a  mistake  of  which 
we  shall  ever  feel  proud. 

A  person  has  only  to  run  over 
the  police  records  with  even  a 
moderate  degree  of  care  to  see 
with  w'hat  faithfnlness  every 
man  has  perfoin\ed  his  duties, 
as  all  over  its  pages  stand 
recorded  acts  of  personal  cour- 
age, heroic  effort  and  unselfish 
devotion  which  have  won  for 
the  actors  encomiums  in  the 
successful  drama  of  a  successful 
capture,  of  which  any  man  can 
feel  proud.  The  burglar  and 
the  ]irowling  villian  have  learned 
to  dread  the  night  "squad."  captain  j.  h.  ubhaus,  fourth  precinxt. 


150 


ESSEX  COUNTY,^.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


NEWARK   BOARD  OF   HEALTH. 

NO  ]>ul)lic  l)i)<ly  ill  the  great  industrial  city  of  Newark  is  of 
grander  import  to  its  people  than  what  is  termed  the 
Board  of  Health.  This  body  hold  in  their  hands  to  a  large 
extent  the  health  and  sickness,  the  life  and  death,  the  brevity  or 
lonii'evitv  of  the  human  family  domiciled  within  its  bounds.  To 
say  that  in  all  these  all-important  essentials  the  lioard  of  Health 
answers  to  every  call  of  duty  imposed  in  a  manner  satisfying 
indeed  to  the  most  e.vacting.  is  patent  to  every  one.  This  body, 
or  de])artmcnt,  as  it  is  termed,  of  the  city  government,  consists 
of  ten  members,  quite  a  large  percentage  of  whom  are  medical 
gentlemen  standing  high  in  the  profession,  the  balance  bemg 
citizens  selected  for  their  ability  and  sound  judgment  on  such 
questions  as  are  likely  to  come  before  the  department  for  con- 
sideration. The  following  well-known  citizens  made  up  the 
roster  of  the  board  in  1897  ;  Dr.  H.  C.  H.  Herold.  president  ; 
Dr.  D.  L.  Wallace,  Dr.  C.  M.  Zeh,  Dr.  F.  \V,  Becker.  Dr.  M.  .S. 
Disbrow,  Coimsellor  William  B.  Guild.  ex-.-\lderman  J.  A.  Fur- 


a  man  of  large  experience,  anil  being  the  possessor  of  a  Large 
fund  of  practical  common  sense,  is  bringing  the  weight  of  it  to 
l>ear  in  assisting  the  standing  committee  in  carrying  on  their 
important  and  exacting  task.  To  those  of  our  citizens  who  de- 
sire to  know  how  well  the  board  does  its  thankless  work,  or 
those  who  wish  to  domicil  in  Essex  County,  they  have  but  to 
examine  the  sickness  and  death  reports  to  find  hovy  fa\orably 
the  results  compare. 


NEWARK   CITY  AND   ITS  GOVERNMENT. 

NO  history  of  Essex  County  would  be  complete  without  a 
sketch  of  its  capital  city  and  county  town,  situate  along 
its  easterly  border  and  on  the  banks  ot  the  Passaic  river,  which 
form  the  eastern  boiuidary  line  of  Essex  County,  from  the  point 
where  Passaic  County  joins  her  on  the  north  and  to  the  south- 
east, till  the  beautiful  stream  is  lost  in  the  sluggish  waters  of 
the  Hackensack,  and  where  both  are  lost  in  Newarh  bay.  This 
capital  city,  now  the  Birmingham  of  .-Xmerica,  with  a  teeming 


I'lii',  xt;\\"  c  1 1  \    in  i.M'i  I  ,\i,, 

man,  ex-.-\ldernian  A.  H.  Johnson  and  Moses  Straus.  The 
Health  Officer  of  the  board  is  David  R.  Chandler,  a  man  thor- 
oughly CTpahle  and  of  large  experience  in  this  line. 

Besides  looking  closely  after  the  negligent  and  filthv  malaria 
and  germ-breeding  jjlaces  within  the  city  limits,  this  body  has 
charge  of  the  City  Hospital,  and  that  this  beautiful  charity  of  the 
city  is  in  competent  and  faithful  hands  none  who  know  theiri 
will  have  the  least  desire  to  question  or  will  attempt  to  deny. 
The  committee  having  the  hospital  under  their  direct  care  con- 
sists of  the  following  named  members  :  Dr.  C.  M.  Zeh.  chair- 
man; Dr.  D.  I..  Wallace.  John  A.  Furman.  .A.  H.  Johnson  and 
Moses  Straus,  ex-officio.  Dr.  H.  C.  H.  Herold, 

As  the  cily  is  engaged  in  the  truh  laud.ible  enter])rise  of 
building  a  new  hospital  building  ,ind  filling  a  want  long  felt, 
this  committee  has  its  hands  pretty  full  in  looking  after  the  de- 
tails of  its  construction.  There  is  not  the  shadow  of  a  doubt 
but  this  building  when  completed  will  take  rank  with  the  very 
best  and  most  thoroughly  complete  elremos\  iiary  iiislilutions 
in  the  land.     Dr.  Herold,  the  president  of  the  |[e;dth  Board,  is 


'N    1  Alk.MwUN  1'    AVt.\l!F. 

population  fast  approaching  the  three  hundred  thousr.nd  mark, 
was  settled  by  a  sturdy  band  of  farmer  ])alriots  who  little 
dreamed  as  they  felled  the  giant  trees  with  which  the  ground 
was  encumbered,  or  whistled  or  sang  their  pioneer  songs  as 
they  followed  the  plough  over  the  cleared  acres,  or  swung  the 
scythe  through  the  low  meadow  grasses,  that  the  whirr  of  thou- 
sands of  steam  engines  would  become  the  refrains  that  would 
be  heard  by  their  children.  The  ideal  spot  that  the  pioneer 
hand  had  found  upon  which  to  ])lant  their  homes  and  "  provide 
for  their  outward  wants  and  gain  a  comfortable  subsistence  and 
with  an  unchallenged  right  to  seek  their  soul's  welfare,"  had 
another  destiny  just  out  of  view,  of  which  they  little  knew.  As 
in  a  previous  chapter  we  have  said  all  that  need  be  said  of  the 
city's  growth  and  progress,  w-e  can  have  but  little  to  do  with  its 
distant  past. 

As  naturally  as  the  crystal  waters  from  the  bubbling  springs 
on  the  mountain  tops  turn  toward  the  great  oceans  and  seek 
through  the  rills,  brooks  and  rivers  a  home  in  their  mighty 
bosoms,  so  do  our  thoughts  turn  to  the  government   and  gov- 


DK.   H.  C.   a     IlEUOLL),   I'RESIDKNT  HOARD  OF  HEALTH. 


Newark,  which  has  eanieil  the  title  of  the  Bimiiiighani  of 
America,  every  eye  may  turn  with  pride,  and  the  reflection  of 
her  greatjiess  will  be  an  all-sufficient  proof  that  her  government 
and  governmental  policy  had  very  much  to  do  in  caressing  the 
forces  which  had  elevated  her  to  the  proud  position  she  occu- 
pies to-day,  and  have  given  birth  to  the  promise  of  a  great  and 
prosperous  future. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  when  the  citv  of  Newark  was  first 
laid  out  it  was  without  the  most  distant  hope  or  thought  even 
that  she  would  ever  become  the  mighty  industrial  centre  that 
she  has  grown  to  be,  the  great  manufacturing  citv  of  the  Amer- 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


ernmental  policy  of  the  cap- 
ital city  of  the  county,  whose 
history  has  so  e  n  v  i  r  o  n  e  d 
them  that  they  have  become 
of  undying  interest  to  the 
writer,  and  as  the  facts  arise 
like  inspirations  as  we  ap- 
proach them,  it  becoines  a 
pleasure  indeed  tovvritethem, 
instead  of  a  labor.  In  an- 
other chapter  the  character 
of  the  earlier  history  of  the 
great  industrial  city  having 
found  reeord,  this  chapter 
will  only  deal  with  its  gov- 
ernment, as  connected  with 
growth  and  prosperity  in  the 
eariier  part,  of  its  marvelous 
work  in  the  present,  and  its 
bright  protnises  as  they  lend 
a  halo  of  grandeur  for  its 
future.  Every  Jersey  m  a  n 
takes  an  honest  pride  in  the 
chief  city  of  the  laurel- 
wreated  little  .State  of  the 
grand  confederacy  of  States 
which  make  up  the  Union. 
"  One  and  inseparable."  To 
ican  realm. 


151 


lAMKS  A     II   KMAN,   MKMKF.K  OF  IIEAI.TH   BOAKO, 


DR.  VVM.  S.  DISBROW,  MEMBF.K  • 


Farming  in  the  rich  soils  which  the  down-reaching 
spade  brought  up  or  charmed  the  fancy  of  the  ploughman  as  it 
quit  the  side  plough,  handled  by  stalwarts  and  glistened  in  the 
beautifully  turned  furrow,  was  the  ideal  occupation  of  the  first 
settlers  inspirations. 

To  speak  well  of  those  who  deserve  well  is  ever  a  delight  to 
the  well  wisher  of  mankind,  and  thus  as  we  speak  of  the  people 
of  Newark,  the  masses  of  whom  rank  with  the  skilled  labor 
classes,  as  an  easily  governed  community,  it  requires  no  stretch 
of  imagination  when  we  say  that  the  city  is  "  well  and  cheaply 
governed."     Thus  it  is  that  her  credit  is  A  No.  i,  in  the  money 

marts  of  our  own  country  as  well  as  those  away  over  the  ocean.  No  speckled  beauty 

of   the  mountain  siie.im   ever  dashes  froin   his  rockv  court   with  more  eager  spring 

for    the   dainty    morsel    which   comes 

siding    near    on    the    water    swirl   all 

intent  for    the  mornings's    meal,  than 

does  the   creditor  classes  who  watch 

lor   her   outcoming   bonds,  grappling 

one  with  another  in   wordy  strifes,  as 

to  which  shall  capture  the  all  alluring 

|iii^e,  yielding  only  when,  perhaps  by 

.igreenient  to  equally  divide,  they  may 

clip  the   coupons  and   feast   upon   the 

gain  of  the  very  best  securities  of  the 

market.     We  hazard  little   or  nothing 

in  making  the  assertion  that  the  people 

of  Newark,    taken  as  a   whole   are  as 

law   abiding   and     thrifty   as   can    be 

found  quartered  in    any  other   city  on 

the   face  of   the  globe,  and    we   know 

that    none    can    be     found    anywhere 

under  the  canopy  of   Heaven  who  pay 

their  taxes  and   improvement  assess- 
ments  with   more  equal   readiness,  a 

significant  proof  of  the  latter  is   seen 

in  their  haste  to  deposit  the  amount  of 

their  taxes  when   the  season  of  pay-        ^^^^  £..  m.  zkh,  me.mbek  ok  hkai.tii  board. 


I 


ir,2 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED 


nieclianics  and  laliorcis  to  apply  their  callings 
at  remunerative  wages  in  their  calling.  The  very  first  act  uf 
incorporation  was  under  the  title  of  the  Mayoi  and  Common 
Council  of  the  city  of  Newark,  and  it  has  thus  remained  e\er 
since,  through  all  the  mutations  and  changes  which  time  with 
great  adroitness  seldom  fails  to  present. 

The  Mayor  and  chief  executive  officer  of  the  city  is  elected 
by  the  people  at  the  election  held  in  the  month  of  April,  and 
holds  oftice  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  is  eligible  to  re-election 
so  long  as  the  people  of  his  party  shall  believe  in  him,  for  it 
may  as  well  be  understood  just  heie  that  party  politics  enter 
largely  into  the  questions  of  his  election  and  retention. 

During  the  decade  ending  1894  Hon.  Joseph  E.  Haynes  occu- 
pied the  position  of  iMayor.  The  Mayoralty  chair  was  then 
occupied  by  a  young  jcvvelery  manufacturer  of  German  birth  — 
Julius  Liebkuecher — who  had  defeated  the  opposition  nominee, 
but  who  in  turn  was  v.inc|uished  by  the  same  man  whom  In- 
had  beaten  before.     Hon.  James  M.  .Seymour,  the  present  occu- 


ment  is  at  hand.  Having  dealt 
with  the  question  of  the  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  city,  its  low 
tax  rate  on  a  modest  valuation,  in 
another  place,  it  is  not  necessary 
that  we  should  repeat,  even  to  the 
extent  of  a  simple  rehearsal  of  the 
charming  facts  which  are  so 
abundantly  satisfying  to  the  people. 
Both  great  political  parties  always 
have  vied  with  each  other  in  plac- 
ing officials  in  charge  and  both 
having  presented  a  fairly  clean 
sheet  for  inspection,  there  has  been 
found  little  opportunity,  for  those, 
if  any  there  be,  who  stand  ready  to 
launt  the  opposition  over  any  short 
comings  which  unfortunately  then- 
might  be.  This  beautiful  state  of 
affairs  of  which  every  Newarker 
should  fe(-l  an  .-d}undant  pride,  h.is 
its  root  and  foundation  in  the  fads 
of  the  general  thrift,  brought  alioiit 
by  ample  opportunities  for  skilled 
to  find  a  demand 


1 

1 

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r 

1 

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xjyyj^B 

A,i 

■i 

WM     C.    M'CHESN'EV,  CUIEK  OF  THE  OR,-VNGE  POLICE. 


AI.DEKMAN    J.    U     I-INGER. 


pant  of  the  office,  a  leading  manufacturer  who  had  been  honored 
with  an  appointment  as  Prison  Inspector  and  had  been  a  faith- 
ful representative  of  the  city  on  the  Water  Board,  was  elected 
to  the  Mayoralty  at  the  city  election  of  the  spring  of  1S96.  The 
deep  interest  which  Mr.  Seymour  had  taken  in  educational 
affairs  h,id  led  to  his  appointment  by  Governor  Werts  to  a  seat 
in  the  State  lioard  of  Education,  and  by  Governor  Abbott  as  a 
Trustee  of  the  State  institution  for  the  care  and  education  of 
the  deaf  and  dumb. 

The  fact  that  James  M.  Seymour  had  always  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  the  cause  of  labor  and  was  a  firm  promoter  of  the 
rights  of  laboring  men,  gained  for  him  the  lasting  friendship  of 
those  who  "work  to  live."  He  long  had  and  still  retains  a  warm 
place  in  the  affections  of  those  who  live  by  the  "sweat  of  their 
face."  and  it  was  this  warm  affection  of  labor  which  no  doubt, 
to  a  large  extent,  turned  the  balance  in  his  favor  and  helped  to 
place  hini  in  the  mayoralty,  in  which  he  is  acquitting  himself 
with  honor  to  himself  and  credit  to  the  city,  and  little  doubt 
exists  of  his  triumphant  re-election  in  the  spring.  As  the  Mayor  is  allowed  by 
law  a  private  secretary.  His  Honor  has  called  to  his  side  young  Matthew  Ely,  a 
journalist,  who  is  doing  right  royal  good  service  and  manfully  helping  to  hold  up 
the  Mayor's  hands.  In  the  perfonnanceof 
his  duty  he  has  given  abundant  proof  of 
his  ability  to  fill  the  post  most  acceptably, 
and  his  acts,  speaking  for  themselves, 
show  him  to  be  a  worthy  successor  to  the 
venerable  ex-('ongressnian,  Hon.  Thomas 
Dunn  English,  the  author  of  "  Ben  Bolt," 
wdio  filled  the  position  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  Mayor  Fiedler. 

There  is  every  prospect  that  Major 
Seymour  will  continue  as  he  has  began 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  his  office  with- 
out fear  or  favor  from  any  quaiter,  for  the 
best  interest  of  the  citizens  whose  confi- 
dence he  has  ever  retained,  .uid  whose 
verdict  is  supreme. 

It  is  a  well  demonstrated  fact  that  the 
man  in  position  who  tries  to  please  every- 
body,    in     the      end     quite     often     fails, 

therefore  every  citizen  in  authority  should  . . 

aim  for  the  greatest  good  to  all.  e.x-tax  receivek  a.  judson  cLAKk. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


153 


FRANKLIN  MAKX,   PRESIDENT  EXCISE  BOARD. 


gloom  of  the  primeval  forest  where  the  wild 
less  wild  Indians  roamed,  feeding  the  fish  in  the  cool  depths 
of  the  lake  of  the  mountain,  while  in  the  pools  of  their  gathering 
the  wild  animals  and  the  Indian  together  might  bathe.  But  as 
the  ages  went  on  and  the  soul  of  God's  best  creation,  went  on 
in  its  developings,  the  husbanding  of  the  fount  of  the  Almighty's 
grand  resources  found  stored  away  in  earth's  recesses  all  divined 
for  man's  purposes,  and  to  satisfy  his  needs,  began  to  occupy 
humanity's  attention.  Now  began  the  husbanding  of  God's 
treasures  and  the  founts  of  the  depth,  in  the  fastness,  where 
was  garnered  pure  water  and  was  no  longer  permitted  to  caper 
and  play  the  hours  away  and  seek  rest  and  retirement  where 
the  porpoise  sluggishly  rolls  and  the  wonderful  Leviathan,  un- 
molested, plays.  Little  thought  had  the  millions  of  the  needs 
of  their  future,  when,  as  a  warning,  as  it  were,  came  the 
scarcity  "  now  and  then  "  of  that  abundance  of  water  provided 
by  the  Almighty  for  man's  necessities,  but  which  had  been 
permitted  to  slip  unmolested  away. 


PEQUANNOCK  WATER. 

UP  from  the  granite  beds  of  iron 
bound  Sussex  rush  the  pure 
waters  from  the  fast  flowing  rivers 
established  in  earth's  throbbing  bosom, 
to  join  hands  with  the  streams  from 
rock  ribbed  channels  of  Warren,  and 
by  the  outlets  of  ten  thousand  living 
springs  scatlered  all  over  their  broad 
acres  and  along  their  mountain  and 
hill  sides  to  join  in  holy  wedlock  their 
sweet  waters  wherever  they  ran. 
on  their  errands  of  mercy  to  man  anil 
singing  the  songs  in  such  bewitching 
strains  as  to  entrance,  while  thev 
passed  under  the  title  of  Pequanno( 
or  Passaic. 

For  ages  unnamed  and  ages  untoM 
these  waters  rolled  on  to  old  ocean 
the  gormant  never  yet  filled,  used  ii 
only  to  delight  the  sportive  fishes,  play- 
ing "  hide  and  seek  "  in  its  crystal 
depths.  This  all  went  on  in  the 
nimals  and  little 


JAMES  JOHNSTON,   EXCISE    COMMISSION     K 

To  waste  its  power  and  thought 

InrolHng  and  roHicking 

Where  the  sea  foam  eacli  day. 

Was  spending  it's  time  in  boisterous  play. 

and  giving  proof,  for  man's  use,  of  how  dangerous  it  is  for  the 
pure  and  good  bad  company  to  keep. 

When  the  cry  of  necessity  was  first  heard,  going  up  from  the 
thousands  for  a  larger  and  better  supply  of  pure  water, 
whose  business  or  taste,  had  induced  to  gather  in  the  dry  little 
nooks,  close  by  where  once  ran  so  sprightly,  the  brook  or  the 
rivulet,  from  whose  bosom  the  wee  little  trout  with  specks  on 
his  skin  so  beautiful  and  bright,  leaped  through  the  sunlight  in 
pursuit  of  his  unwary  little  fly  or  the  barbed  steel  hook,  on  his 
way  to  the  basket  hanging  by  the  side  of  an  Isaac  Walton 
scholar  and  thence  to  the  frying  pan. 

Scarce  tvt-o  years  has  run  the  gauntlet  of  time  since  the  water 
supply  of  Essex  County  was  drawn  from  the  well  polluted 
springs  of  Branch  Brook,  alone,  where  young  America  in  easily 
was  wont  to  learn  to 


CARL  SCHWARZ,  EXCISE  COMMISSIONER. 


constructed  pools 
dive  and  swim  and  yet  Newark  had  a 
population  then, close  up  to.  if  not  beyond, 
the  fifty  thousand  line.  The  conduits 
used  to  guide  the  water  throughout  the 
city  the  major  part  of  it  was  not  o'er  pure 
as  it  had  been  husbanded  from  the  good 
old  State  thoroughfare  known  as  the  Mor- 
ris canal,  and  had  previously  done  duty  in 
tl.iatingthe  boats  heavily  laden  with  coal. 
As  the  years  flew  by  and  the  Branch 
Brook  "  now  and  agin "  went  so  very 
xRr.  that  the  good  old  wells,  faithful 
xsistants,  out  of  pure  sympathy,  went 
li\,  the  people  began  to  think,  and  as 
the  fisherman  with  his  well  stocked  basket 
of  mountain  trout  stepped  from  the 
Morris  and  Essex  Railroad  cars,  each  year 
as  the  fishing  season  went  by,  talked  much 
of  the  Pequannock's  purity  and  other 
streams  hard  by.  But  the  heavy  weights 
and  home  stayers  not  wont  to  travel  so 
far,   and    seeing   little    entertainment  in 


DR.  THOMAS  DUNN  ENGLISH. 


154 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


trampin.;  mountain,  hill  ami 
brook  for  the  purpose  of  catch- 
ing in  an  all  clay  stride,  what  an 
old-fashioned  English  six  pence 
would  buy  saw  the  plan  for  a 
water  supply  in  the  gr.md  old 
Passaic  which  crept  back  and 
forth  twice  every  twenty-four 
hours  close  to  their  door.  The 
fact  once  settled,  it  didn't  take 
long  to  give  a  rest  or  quietus  to 
the  North  Jersey  water  shed  and 
pure  mountain  spring  plan,  ami 
so  soon  up  went  the  great  ISelle- 
ville  reservoir  and  pump  station 
on  the  bank  of  the  good  old 
Passaic,  on  whose  sweet  scented 
bosom  had  floated  the  first 
settlers  of  Esse.x  and  innumer- 
able boat  loads  of  "  Rockaw.n 
oysters  and  Little  Neck  clams" 
I  told  you  so,  shouted  in  chorus, 
ten  thousand,  more  or  less,  of 
the  people  in  not  utilizing  the 
spring  water  from  the  mountains 
and  curbing  the  race  horse 
spirit  of  the  beautiful  Pequan- 
nock,  their  outlet,  by  building 
just  a  few  dams  for  reservoirs 
and  also  water  storage  far  from 
the    polluting    haunts   of   man. 

This  was  the  case  ere  the  first  summer,  with  her  season  of 
droughts  long  drawn  out,  and  the  floods  of  spring,  fall  and 
winter,  which  bid  the  mink,  beaver  and  musk  rat  "get  out," 
Even  the  most  powerful  of  the  advocates  of  the  plan  of  drawing 
a  water  supply  from  the  I'ass.iic  by  an  intaking  from  a  point 
from  below  the  falls  and  the  \illage  of  Passaic,  but  finding  it  to 
he  an  undisputable  fact  that  Passaic  alone  could  supply  pollut- 
ing material  enough,  undisturbed  and  alone  to  pollute  every 
single  drop.  The  works  were  finalU  abandoned  and  the  sup- 
ply of  pure  unpolluted  Pequannock  water,  which  now  places 
the  city  of  Newark  in  the  fore  fiont  of  cities  with  an  abundance 
of  pure  water  dripping  from  every  pore.      But    thereby   h.uigeth 


IlOOi;  AND  L.\DnF.R  COMT'ANV  NO.  2.  ON  FI.AXE  STREET. 


ENGINE  COMPANY  NO.  5,  ON  PKnSI'ECT  STREET. 

a  tale.  During  all  the  time  that  Newark  was  halting  between 
two  opinions  and  multiplying  fool  hardy  operations,  some  wide 
awake  gentlemen,  who  had  fished  every  brook,  whipped  every 
stream  and  trolled  every  lake  where  the  finny  tribe  do  congre- 
gate, put  their  heads  .and  purses  together  anil  organized  what 
is  termed  the  East  Jersey  Water  Company,  and  it  is  from  this 
company  that  the  Newark  people  are  being  supplied,  for  all 
purposes,  a  full  supply  of  as  good  and  pure  water  as  is  to  be 
garnered  by  any  people  or  company,  or  dispensed  by  any  water 
company  or  individual  in  the  world. 

For  the  securing  of  this  spring  water  from  this  company, 
Newark,  owing  to  its  dalliance,  is  compelled  to  pay  handsomely 
for  the  same,  but  its  contract  with  the  company  is  of 
such  a  character  that  the  plant  in  fee  smiple  coiues  into 
the  hands  of  the  people  and  the  wonderful  product  of  the 
Pequannock  watershed  will  betheir's  fore\er.  Had  that 
good  judgment  possessed  by  many  men,  who  foresaw  the 
lesult  of  to-day,  been  permitted  to  have  full  swing  and 
lair  play  early  in  the  nineties  even  millions,  we  may  say, 
might  have  been  saved  to  the  treasury. 

Better    late  than    never  is  an    adage  to   good  purpose, 

when  faithfully  applied.     Now,  if  we  may  judge  of  what 

is  the  transpanancies  of  to-day,  as  what  may    be  in  store 

for  the  future,  there   is  ]iositively  no  scintilla   of   danger 

ihat  Newark  will  ever  have  to  face  the  horrors  of  a  water 

I  inline  or  the  danger  from  any  manner  or  form  of  pollu- 

iion  to    the  water   her  people  shall    drink.     With    entire 

I  ontrol  of   the    outlets  of   those  vast  underground    rivers 

I  and  brooks  and  the  thousands  of  springs  bubbling  from 

-\  the   hillsides  of    Morris,  Warren  and  Essex  counties,  and 

V-v..       the  keys  to  unlock  them  in  the  hands  of  the  fathers  of  the 

great  city  of  the  future,  which  will  be  built    on  the  soil  of 

Esse.x  County,  will  hold  along  with  this  ruby  of  price  in  a 

pure  water  course  and   her  mighty   resourse,  not  alone  of 

marvellous  in  purity,  but  of  remarkable  abundance. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


135 


ADAM   BOSCH,   SUPT.   FIKK  ALARM   1  E  I.F.i;  il  A  I'l  1. 


THE  FIRE  DEPARTMENT, 

THAT  those  among  the  citi- 
zens of  Newark,  who  had 
as  it  is  termed,  tied  up  to  the 
old  \ohmleer  tire  department, 
felt  the  sun  of  her  glory  had 
gone  down  permanently  and 
her  effulgent  rays  would  be  seen 
no  more  and  forever  when  the 
change  was  made  from  the 
volunteer  to  the  pay  system,  is 
true,  few  who  are  well  acquainted 
with  the  circumstances  will  not 
atiem])t  to  deny.  It  having  been 
generously  acknowledged  that 
the  Newark  tire  laddies  beat  the 
world,  there  was  no  shadow  of 
doubt.  'I'he  leading  young  iTien 
of  the  city,  who  in  all  things 
else  during  their  progressive 
)ears  were  tenderly  nurtured 
and  cared  for.  went  rough  while 
getting  into  iheirgarments  when 


the  old  fire  bell  struck  in  the  night  and  their  very  own  machine 
went  rattling  over  the  stones  slow  until  their  own  sweet  voice 
sallied  round  the  sweetest  words  that  ever  fell  on  a  fireman's 
ears  :  "  Hit  er-up  b-o-y-s  !  I't-er-up  !"  And  then,  oh  how  quick 
the  boys  would  make  the  old  beauty  leap,  as  the  sympathizers 
with  that  veritable  machine,  lent  a  hand  at  the  rope  until  the 
mad  rush  began  and  the  mighty  race  was  on  between  two  crack 
engines  in  order  to  see  which  should  reach  the  tire  first  and  get 
the  best  of  the  resultant  fight.  Many  a  volunteer,  after  they 
figured  up.  have  thought  it  best  to  go  with  the  machine  into 
the  shop  for  repairs.  Although  the  machine  had  its  regular 
number  of  members  to  its  company  it  had  often  double  the 
number  of  attachees  who  made  the  house,  or  home  of  the 
machine,  their  place  of  resort,  and  among  these  okl  attachees 
memory  holds  in  place  ready  for  rehearsal  call,  lots  of  larks  and 
innocent  fun,  whether  quiet  or  rollicking  in  its  nature,  there's 
little  odds  in  the  matter.  Whatever  it  might  be,  the  machine 
was  the  meat  wherever  the  nut  was  cracked.  Arguments  stiong 
and  full  of  logic  on  great  questions  of  the  day  oft  times  became 

came  the  painting  of  the  same. 
The  argument  grew  warm  and 
it  was  thought  would  ])rove 
lasting,  for  one  member  of  the 
repairs  committee  thought  she 
ought  to  be  painted  blue  and 
another  yellow,  another  a  brown 
would  be  a  heap  more  lasting, 
so  not  agreeing  by  a  vote  of  two 
to  one,  the  opinion  of  the  oracle 
should  fix  it  and  be  lasting.  His 
reply  came  somewhat  on  this 
w  ise  :  "  Well, gentlemen,  I  don't 
care  a  d —  what  color  you  paint 
her  if  it  is  only  K-e-d,"  and  red 
she  was  painted.  The  introduc- 
tion of  the  steam  fire  engine 
was  a  revolution  in  the  methods 
and  manners  of  fighting  the  fire 
fiend  and  it  was  not  without 
some  tears  of  regret  did  the 
hand  engine  get  from  the  chief 
E.\-CHiEF  WILLIAM  H.  BKowN.  the   Older   to   take   up   and  go 


JAMES  H(H)(;KI\S0N,  FIKK  MAKSHAl.I.  OF  OKAN'GK. 

heated  and  must  needs  be  referred  to  some  one  supposed  to  be 
more  gifted,  to  settle  upon.  About  the  engine  house  there  was 
generally  an  oracle  to  whom  all  difficult  or  abstruse  problems 
and  questions  were  referred  for  settlement  or  decisive  solutions, 
on  all  occasions,  when  not  engaged  in  the  mightier  concerns 
and  graver  affairs  of  manifestations  of  his  power  he  was 
engaged  usually  in  the  delectable  business  of  tobacco  chewing, 
smoking  the  weed  and  in  practicing  the  art  of  ejaculating 
small  volumes  of  saliva  at  some  particular  mark  or  spot,  whether 
his  practice  was  designed  for  some  particular  meet  to  see  whose 
oracle  could  do  his  part  the  more  complete  or  whether  his 
ejaculations  were  for  his  own  and  the  younger  attachees  delec- 
tations, the  writer  of  this  was  never  able  to  find  out,  but  one 
thing  he  did  learn  was  that  his  decisions  on  questions  referred 
were  irrevocable  and  as  unchangeable  as  the  laws  of  the  Medes 
and  Persians  are  said  to  be.  Just  one  in  demonstration.  Once 
upon  a  time  when  a  race  was  on  a  few  bricks  had  fallen 
athwart  the  machine,  with  as  a  resultant,  the  disturbance  of 
hose  and  abrasion  of   a  bit    of   jjaint.     After  the  repairs  then 


CAPTAIN    I.OCIS  M.    PRICE. 


Jo  6' 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Imme  for  "Old  Minnie"  had 
come.  The  Newark  Fire 
Uepartment,  as  now  made  up, 
consists  of  Chief  Engineer 
Robert  Kierstead,  Assistant 
Chief  William  C.  Astley,  Secre- 
tary Horace  H.  Brown.  Super- 
intendent Fire  Alarm  Telegraph 
.\dam  Bosch.  There  are  four- 
teen steam  fire  engines  and  four 
hook  and  ladder  com])anies 
with  a  captain  and  nine  and  ten 
men  each.  One  chemical  engine 
with  a  captain  and  five  men. 
making  a  total  force  on  January 
I,  1897,  of  181  men,  constitute 
the  working  force  (all  permanent 
men),  at  a  salary  of  $750,  for 
the  first  year;  S903.  for  the 
second  year  ;  $950  for  the  third 
year  and  $1,100  for  the  fourth 
and  all  succeeding  years.  Cap- 
tains receive  $1,200  a  year.  The 
fire  engine  houses  are  models  of  perfection  and  are  furnished 
with  all  the  latest  discovered  improvements,  paraphernalia  and 
scientific  methods  in  use  anywhere  in  cutting  down  a  fire  in  its 
infancy.  Gamewell  fire  alarm  bo.\es  are  scattered  all  over  the 
city  and  each  alarm  box  is  so  connected  that  the  engines  are  on 
their  way  toward  a  fire  as  soon  almost  as  the  alarm  is  given.  It 
IS  gratifying  indeed  for  us  in  being  able  to  say  that  while  other 
cities  may  be  blessed  with  departments  equally  as  good,  we  can 
say  without  the  least  fear  of  gainsaying,  there  is  no  better 
department  in  the  world  than  the  city  of  Newark  can  boast. 
The  Fire  Cominissioners,  who  are  a  non-partisan  body,  having 
full  charge  of  fire  matters,  consist  of  the  following  named 
gentlemen  selected  for  their  fitness  for  the  positions  :  Henry  R. 
Baker,  Henry  C.  Rommell,  Hugo  Menzeland  John  Illingsworth- 


ENGINE   CO.\IP.-\.\Y    NO.  9,  ON    SUM.MER    .WENUE. 


The  boaid  holds  regular  meetings  on  the  first  and  Third 
Tuesdays  of  each  month.  Henry  R.  Baker  is  the  present  presi- 
dent and  Horace  H.  Brown,  secretary. 

Robert  Kierstead. 
The  present  chief  engineer,  an  excellent  photo  of  whom 
appears  among  the  illustrations  is  an  able  an  efficient  officer, 
having  been  connected  with  the  department  since  1871,  and 
has  filled  the  position  of  chief  engineer  during  the  past  twelve 
years  with  credit  to  himself  and  honor  to  the  department  over 
which  he  presides.  He  is  a  survivor  of  the  war  for  the  Union 
having  served  his  country  in  Company  B,  26th  Regiment,  N.  J. 
^'olunteer  Infantry,  and  also  in  F  Company,  3d  N.J.  Cavalry. 

WiLLi.^M  C.  Astley. 
Assistant  Chief  Astley  joined  the  department  in  1 867,  and  was 
appofnted  to  his  present  dosition  in  July,  1887.  He  is  a  practi- 
cal fireman,  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  department,  and 
has  served  with  marked  ability  as  superintendent  of  the  depart- 
ment for  a  term  of  three  years.  A  life-like  photo  of  the  veteran 
fire  fighter  will  be  seen  in  the  illustrations. 


ENGINE  COMPAN\'   NO.  8,  GOR.  FERRY  AND  FILMORE  STS. 


HORAGE  H.  Brown. 

This  courteous  and  gentlemanly  clerk  of  the  Board  of  Fire 
Commissioners,  whose  life-like  photo  will  be  seen  among  the 
illustrations,  is  perhaps  one  of  the  oldest  living  fire  laddies  in 
our  midst,  he  joined  the  department  in  1853.  left  the  same  in 
1854,  and  rejoined  in  1855,  resigned  in  i860  and  again  joined  in 
1867.  He  served  as  clerk  from  1867  to  1892,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his  present  duties. 

William   Godijek. 

Ex-Captain  William  Godber's  friends  will  readily  recognize 
the  familiar  face  so  well  known  to  the  members  of  the  depart- 
ment. This  honored  fireman  has  been  connected  with  the 
department  for  over  half  a  century  and  has  had  many  exciting 
experiences  during  that  time.  He  was  retired  on  half  pay  in 
September,  1896,  by  the  Fire  Commissioners.  The  captain 
also  served  his  country  in  its  darkest  hour,  by  putting  down  his 
name  on  the  roster  of  Company  A,  26th  Regiment.  N  J.  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  and  serving  faithfully  as  an  officer  during  the 
struggle  for  the  Union,  in  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac, 


ESSEX  comrv,  n.  /.,  illustrated. 


167 


CAI'IAIN     lAMI.S    V.    HAMLIN. 


Adam  Bosch. 

The  ever  faithful  and  reliable  superin- 
tendent of  the  Newark  lire  alarm  tele- 
.i^aaph  code,  is  an  expert  and  practical 
mechanic  in  the  position  which  he  so  ably 
fills.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  scientific 
department  of  the  Cooper  Institute.  New 
Vork,  and  has  occupied  his  present  posi- 
tion in  the  department  since  January. 
1S76.  His  familiar  features  will  be  readily 
recognized  among  the  illustrations  by  his 
many  friends. 

Lewis.  M.  Price. 

Captain  Lewis  ^L  Price,  a  photo  of 
whom  is  presented  in  the  illustrations, 
was  born  and  educated  in  this  city  and 
lis  from  boyhood  always  taken  a  great 
)iierest  in  fire  matters.  His  first  e.xperi- 
iice  was  in  running  with  Nos.  5  and  11 
id  engines.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  his  country  in  Company  F,  35th  X. 
J.  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  while  yet  in  his 
teens    liecatne  one  of   "  Sherman's  Bum- 


CAPTArN    W.M.    GODBEK    (RETIRED.) 


niers,"  participating  in  all  the  important  struggles  of  that  army, 
and  took  part  in  the  famous  march  from  "  Atlanta  to  the  Sea." 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  home  and  again 
l)ecame  a  runner  in  No.  I  Steamer  until  elected  a  member  of 
the  company,  after  a  few  years  he  was  elected  assistant  fore- 
man, serving  for  three  years  when  he  was  elected  foreman,  the 
duties  of  which  he  transacted  for  over  seven  years.  In  1885  he 
was  elected  by  the  Common  Council  as  an  assistant  engineer 
and  in  1S89  the  Commissioners  appointed  him  district  chief,  the 
duties  of  which  he  faithfully  discharged  until  the  office  was 
abolished.  In  1893  he  was  attached  to  Hook  and  Ladder 
Company  No.  3,  and  in  July  1893,  the  Commissioners  appointed 
him  captain  and  assigned  him  to  duty  with  engine  company  No. 
7.  Captain  Price  served  as  president  of  the  Veteran  Associa- 
tion of  the  35th  N.  J.  Volunteers,  and  is  a  past  commander  of 
Phil  Kearney  Post,  No.  i,  the  oldest  Grand  Army  organization 
in  this  State.  Captain  Price  is  one  of  the  old  time  fire  laddies, 
and  his  career  with  the  department  is  a  credit  to  himself  and  city. 


H.    L.    VdlCHT. 

This  active  and  e.tperienced  fire  laddie  has  been  identified 
with  the  Newark  fire  department  for  more  than  twenty  years, 
having  joined  Engine  Company  No.  2,  and  was  assistant  fore- 
man in  the  old  department.  In  r88i  he  was  made  permanent 
driver  of  the  company  and  in  1884  he  was  transferred  to  the 
same  position  on  Hook  and  Ladder  Company  No.  2.  In  July, 
1890,  he  was  appointed  captain,  and  placed  in  command  of 
Hook  and  Ladder  Company  No.  3.  In  1895  he  was  transferred 
to  Hook  and  Ladder  Company  No.  i.and  in  1897  he  was  trans- 
ferred back  to  his  present  command.  The  speaking  photo  of 
Captain  Voight  shows  the  manner  of  man  he  is,  and  his  career 
and  record  in  the  department  is  a  clean  and  honorable  one. 

John  B.  Thorn. 
The  name  of  this  faithful  and  fearless  fire  laddie  is  worthy  of 
mention  m  connection  with    the   Newark  Fire   Department,  for 
more  than  a  century   he   labored   zealously  for  the  promotion 


CAPTAIN  JOSEPH  E.  SLOAN. 


of  its  honor,  and  when  chosen  to  fill  a 
political  position  declared  that :  "'  I 
would  rather  be  a  fireman  than  Gover- 
nor of  the  State."  And  a  noble  fire- 
man he  was,  such  a  man  needs  no 
sermon,  no  monuments,  no  lengthy 
obituary,  his  name  and  the  memory  of 
his  heroic  deeds  will  live  for  ever  in 
every  true  fireman's  heart. 

William  E.  Grkathead. 
One  of  the  familiar  figures  seen  on 
the  streets  of  Newark  is  now  secretary 
of  the  iinportant  executive  branch  of 
ihe  Newark  city  government  known  as 
the  Board  of  Works.  William  E. 
Greathead  is  in  the  prime  of  life,  tall, 
portly,  finely  developed,  straight  as  an 
arrow  and  lithe  as  a  bow.  His  broad 
open  countenance  is  wreathed  in  the 
smile  of  friendship  when  he  meets  an 
acquaintance  or  friend,  and  of  the  latter 
he  commands  hosts.  He  was  educated 


CAPTAIN    HERMAN    VOK^HT. 


15S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  ,/..  ILLUSTRATED. 


in  the  I.af.iyetle  Publii  SlIkioI  ami  was  a 
iiienibcr  of  the  old  vohinteer  tire  depait- 
inciit  and  few  could  make  better  time  m 
getting;  liold  of  th:-  old  machine  or  "hit  'er 
up"  with  more  vigor,  and  fidm  1S74  to 
1877  he  was  a  mend>er  of  the  Common 
Council  of  ihe  cily  of  Newark,  re])resenl- 
ini;  a  part  of  the  Iron  Bound  District. 
1  )urinf;  tlie  war  for  the  Union  Mr.  Great- 
head  volunteered  his  services  and  ser\ed 
as  a  pri\'ate  soldier  in  the  9th  New  Jersey 
Infantry  Regiment.  For  many  years  he 
was  secretary  of  the  Water  lioard  and  for 
a  time  was  superintendent  thereof.  On 
the  4th  of  May,  1896,  the  sid:)ject  of  this 
sketch  was  honored  with  the  apiiointnient 
to  the  secretaryship  of  the  Board  of  I'ublic 
Works,  of  which  the  vetenin,  William 
Stainsby,  is  president,  and  is  occupying 
tlie  position  at  this  time  with  entire  satis- 
fac  tion  to  the  board  and  honor  to  himself. 


KNGINE  COMl'ANV   NO.    II,  COK.  C1';.\IKAL  .WtNUE  .iNH  NINTH  '■ll'LLl. 


J.AME.';  v.  Hammn. 
Captain  James  V.  Hamlin  joined  the  department  in  May, 
1876,  and  served  as  assistant  engineer  under  Chief  I5annan, 
having  been  appointed  bv  resolution  of  the  Common  Council 
January,  18S4.  He  represented  the  people  of  the  Fifth  Ward 
in  the  I.Soard  of  Aldermen  dming  1SS5-6,  and  was  appointed 
a  fireman  under  the  Commissioners.  March  17th,  1S90,  Ijeiii" 
assigned  to  No.  5  Engine  Comp.my.  In  the  following  July  he 
was  promoted  to  captain,  , and  on  M.irch,  15th,  1897,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  charge  of  the  new  engine  company.  No.  14, 
locited  corner  McWhorter  and  \'esey  streets.  An  excellent 
photo  of  Captain  Hamlin  is  presented  among  the   iUustr.itions. 

lix-FiRE  Chief  Wii.i,iam  H.  Br(i\vn'. 
In  no  |)art  of  this  beautiful  souvenir  work.  Esse.";  County,  N. 
J.,  Illustrated,  will  be  found  more  painstaikng  and  faithful  work 
tlian  in  those  where  the  photographer  has  exercised  that  depth 
of  knowletlge  and  artistic  skill  which  must  needs  be  his,  to 
crown  his  efforts  w'ith  success  before  he  attempts  to  exercise 
his  vocation.  Among  these  it  is  our  pleasure  to  notice  in  the 
department    given    over    to    our   hrenien,  some  of   these   whose 


JOHN  B.  THORN  (UECEASKD). 


ferred  to  that  coni])any  as  driver 
of  its  hose  cart.  He  was 
appointed  dii\er  of  the  engine 
in  1S79  and  remained  in  that 
position  until  the  office  of  cap- 
tain was  created  in  1888,  when 
he  was  promoted  to  th.it  ])osition 
and  remaineil  with  engine  No. 
9  until  Novembei-,  1895,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  cap- 
taincy of  his  original  comiianv. 
No  4,  where  he  is  still  serving^ 
An  excellent  photo  of  Captain 
Sloan  appears  among  illustra- 
tions seen  in  this  department  of 
l-'.sse.x  County,  N.  J.,  Illustr,ited. 
This  gentleman  is  in  the  i)rime 
of  life  and  few  are  better  pre- 
served for  duty,  and  in  after 
years  when  time  has  done  its 
work  .and  the  roll  c.dled  for  the 
Last  time,  this  will  be  a  souvenir 
to  his  memory. 


names  have  been  so  well  known  and  familiar  that  a  child  could 
lisp  them  as  they  made  the  old  "  gooseneck  "  jump,  as  harnessed 
in  ropes  they  flew  by,  and  the  lads  were  proud  to  take  a  hand  at 
the  rope  when  their  f.ivonte  was  racing  for  fun  and  where 
victory  was  nigh.  None  of  these  ever  made  better  pace  than 
when  the  voice  of  Ex-Chief  William  H.  Brown  rang  out  on  the 
evening,  midnight  or  the  cool  moiiiing  air,  to  "  hit  'er  up  boys, 
for  fair,"  and  "  get  her  there,"  and  we  promise  that  no  face  will 
be  studied  with  an  interest  more  lasting,  than  that  of  him  wdiom 
everybody  delighted  to  call  "  ISilly  "  Brown  aiul  when  he  was 
chief  engineer,  few  there  were  indeed,  in  that  old  day  when  the 
volunteer  firemen  jumped  at  his  call  and  fought  fire,  night  or 
day,  without  fee  or  expectation  of  reward,  but  merely  for  play. 
While  William  H.  Brown  always  had  time  to  chase  down  and 
fight  the  fire  fiend,  he  was  always  reach"  to  enact  I  he  roll  of  a 
good  citizen,  and  more  than  once  he  has  obeyed  the  clarion  call 
of  his  duty  and  Essex  County  never  had  a  morepoptilar  sheriff. 

JosEi'H  E.  Sloan. 
Joseph  E.  Sloan  first  joined  the  department  in  May,  1867,  as 
a  call  man    and  was   attached  to    Engine   Co.    No.   4.     On  the 
formation  of  Engine  Co.    No.  9,  in    1873,  Mr,  Sloan  was  trans- 


EUKAKU    SH1CK11.\US,   liX-UKE    CnM  M  1  ss  1  nM-.  I;. 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


159 


FIRE  COMMISSIONERS. 


H' 


F.NRY  R.  BAKER,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Fire  Commission, 
is  so  thorouglily  well  known  thai 
little  can  be  said  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  J.. 
Illustrated,  th,-it  will  be  new.  Mr. 
Baker  was  a  merchaiil  .ind  con- 
ducted business  on  a  large  scale. 
for  many  years,  at  the  southwest 
corner  of  Nesbit  and  Newark 
streets.  It  was  there  he  gathered 
that  experience  which  did  much  t(j 
make  him  the  tnin  and  wide  awake 
liusiness  man  that  he  is.  and  in  ,dl 
I  he  years  of  his  active  busines.- 
life  since,  it  has  left  its  impressior. 
on  his  life  work.  During  the  bus\ 
hours  he  spent  at  his  desk  and 
behind  the  counter,  he  always  found 
lime  to  make  those  he  came  in 
contact  with  feel  that  there  was  a 
genius  within  him  that  forced  a 
HENKY  K.  HAKF.K,  I'UF.smENT  FiKE  COM Mis.sioN EKs.  recognitiou.      .So    thoroughly    well 

was  Henry  R.  Baker  appreciated 
his  friends  and  neighbors  sent  him  to  council  and  for  some  time 
he  represented  his  ward  in  that  responsible  body.  When  any 
work  of  more  than  ordinary  importance  came  up  in  council, 
during  his  occupancy  of  the  aldermanic  chair,  the  naine  of 
Alderman  Baker  was  one  of  the  first  to  be  called,  and  it  can  be 
said  that  in  the  daily  routine  of  duty  he  did  yeoman  service,  and 
whenever  it  fell  to  his  lot  to  perform  extra  duty,  he  was  always 
at  his  post.  Several  times  the  name  of  Henry  I^.  Baker  has 
been  used  in  connection  with  the  mayoralty  nomination.  Mr. 
Baker  is  now  and  has  been  for  several  years  past,  superin- 
tendent of  the  New  York  and  New  Jersey  Telephone  Company. 
The  term  of  President  Baker,  as  a  fire  commissioner,  will 
terminate  in  1898. 

No  other  name  among  the  Fire  Commissioners  deserves  a 
better  mede  of  praise  and  marks  a  higher  place  on  the  pillar 
upon  which  the  deeds  where  well  done  are  emblazoned,  than 
John     lllingworth.     To    few   other   men   is    a  deeper  debt    of 


HUGO    ME-N/JiL,   MKK    COMMISbJOiNliK, 


gratitude  i\w  from  his  frllow  citizens  for  utilitarian  deeds  con- 
summated and  maintained,  than  Fire  Commissioner  lllingworth. 
For  many  long  years  Mr.  lllingworth  has  been  engaged  in  the 
work  of  manufacturing  steel,  that  beautiful  metal  which  has 
been  so  closely  allied  to  the  mighty  skein  of  industries  which  the 
great  army  of  citizens,  have  been  winding  and  unwinding,  chang- 
ing and  interchanging  for  so  many  years  with  marvelous  and 
satisfying  results.  To  John  lllingworth  is  due  the  honor  of 
a  moulding  form,  in  use  by  moulders,  to  largely  multiply  the 
values  put  upon  it  by  preventing  through  the  interposition  of 
this  result  of  his  genius,  the  unhappy  results  which  might  other- 
wise accrue.  Perhaps  to  no  other  single  mechanic  in  Newark  is 
pointed  the  linger  of  hope  with  more  significance,  with  the 
single  exception  possibly,  of  inventor,  Selh  Boyden. 

To  insure  the  very  best  results  from  the  combined  action  of 
the  four  men  selected  by  his  honor,  the  Mayor,  with  the  aid  and 
consent  of  the  Board  of   ."Mdermen,  extraordinary  good  care  is 


I 


JOHN    II.I.INGWOHTH,  FIRE    CoMMISSIONEU. 


taken  in  their  selection  and  election, 
whether  men  to  fill  the  places  in 
the  commiission  are  taken  from  the 
insurance  part  of  the  field  direct,  or 
from  that  ])art  where  the  fire 
fighters  do  the  finest  part  of  their 
waltzing,  where  the  fire  rages  the 
fiercest,  men  thoroughly  up  in 
either  department  must  be  found. 
But  when  those  two  distinguished 
citizens,  Mr.  Henry  C.  Rommell, 
representing  the  interests  of  the 
Citizen's  Insurance  Company,  of 
New  York,  and  Mr.  Hugo  Menzel, 
representing  the  interests  of  the 
Cierman  Fire  Insurance  Company, 
dso  of  New  York,  but  both  gentle- 
men having  their  offices,  as  seen,  in 
(he  city  of  Newark,  and  both  proving 
exceptionally  good  men  for  the 
places.  As  we  have  just  said 
what  we  feel,  that  the  fire  depart- 
ment of  the  city  has  few  equals 
and  no    superiors,   the  amount   of 


HENRY    C.  KOMMELI.,  FIKK   COMMISSIONEK. 


160 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


skill  requisite  to  secure  the  fire  depart- 
ment might  have  been  found  in  men 
who  have  no  comparison  when  placed 
beside  the  men  we  are  proud  of  and 
whom  w'e  delight  to  honor,  and  who 
have  succeeded  in  placing  Newark 
Fire  Department  in  clock  work  order, 
and  then  in  keeping  it  there.  In  say- 
ing this  we  trust  the  laddies  who  tug 
the  machine  or  turn  the  pipe  with 
surest  aims  on  the  shining  mark,  will 
treasure  no  one  word  of  resentment 
for  the  simple  reason  that  not  one 
word  is  deserved,  since  we  believe  the 
Newark  fire  laddies   beat  all  creation. 


MAKCUS    L.  DEVOURS.M.V.   l.\- 


spreading,  etc., 
managed  by  the  Salvage  Corps,  under  the  conmiand  of  Captain 
Meeker  and  his  assistants,  who  number  fourteen  able-bodied, 
and  a  thorough  well  equipped  body  they  are,  ready  and  always 
willing  helpers.  The  roster  of  this  unsurpassed  body  of  ever 
ready  fire  fiend  fighters,  properly  protectors  and  loss  savers 
stands  as  follows  ;  Supernitendent  Captain  Fracis  J.  Meeker, 
Assistant  Superintendent  Henry  G.  Marsh,  Charles  A.  Cam- 
field,  Augustus  J.  Krook,  James  H.  Elkins,  Joseph  G.  Thomas, 
George  J.  Hamburger,  Albert  U.  Hedden,  George  W.  Scheis, 
Charles  A.  Stagg,  Herbert  N.  Brand  and  William  H.  Fredericks. 
These  men  are  always  a  standing  menace  to  fires  and  ready 
ever  to  plunge  into  the  thickest  and  engage  in  the  earliest  part 
of  the  fight.  To  rally  round  and  with  strong  arms  stretched 
out  where  the  smoke  is  the  thickest  and  ready  to  spead  the 
broad  aegis  of  their  power  where  the  bright  genius  of  chemis- 
try leads  the  advance  and  beckons  them  on  to  where  the  monster 
fiend  with  teeth  of  fire  is  gnawing  deep,  to  spread  their  huge 
blankets  and  offer  defiance  to  both  water  and  fire,  warding  off 
the  down  pour  of   the  former  after  doing  its  work,  saying  "  as 


THE    SALVAGE    CORPS. 

A!\10NG  the  improved  methods  not 
only  in  fire  fighting,  but  also  in 
goods  saving,  loss  and  damage 
])reventing,  first  and  foremost  are  the 
small  chemical  engines,  tarpaulin 
as    conducted    and 


HOl;.\CE    H.  BKOWN,  SECRETARY  FIRE    COM. 


by  your  kindly  favor,"  to  the  bright  little  steam  fire  engine, 
puffing  and  snorting  close  by  and  pouring  forth  through  the 
long,  strong  rubber  hose,  the  boys  meanwhile  its  ball-nozzle 
guiding,  seldom  hearing,  and  less  often  heeding,  the  coarse  fire 
trumpet  orders,  "  Turn  Off."  At  their  commodious  house,  227 
Washington  street,  stand  ready  prepared  and  waiting  the  call 
to  duty,  their  arms,  consisting  of  two  huge  trucks,  each  full 
laden  with  great  blankets  and  still  greater  tarpaulins,  to  spread 
over  counters  and  store  goods  and  perishable  property  anywhere 
where  a  conflagration  is  raging  or  promises  any  where  near. 
Since  the  organization  of  the  Salvage  Corps,  over  which  Captain 
Meeker  presides,  several  million  of  dollars  which  has  been 
imperilled  and  much  of  which  in  all  probability,  would  have 
been  destroyed,  and  a  large  percentage  of  which  could  not  have 
been  saved  except  in  an  injured  state,  was  saved  and  turned 
over  to  their  owners  in  good  condition.  Cases  well  known  to 
the  writer  could  be  cited  where  a  conflagration  had  been  under 
way  in  stores  filled  with  goods  for  many  minutes  anil  became 
filled  with   smoke,  which  the   timely  appearance  of  the  captain 


,^ 

- 

! 

i 

> 

i 

VV.\I,   C.  ASTl.EV.   ASSr.   CHIEt   ENGI.NKER,   .\.  F.   L). 


and  his  men  on  the  scene  placed  more 
than  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  thegoods 
out  of  danger  from  smoke  or  water, 
business  going  on  the  ne.xt  day  as 
though  nothing  had  happened.  Two 
pairs  of  those  e.xtra  fine  horses  for 
which  the  fire  department  is  noted 
stand  ready  always  to  be  off  like  the 
rays  from  a  shooting  star,  halting  only 
long  enough  under  the  drop  to  gel 
I  heir  harness.  ."Xn  afternoon  or  even- 
ing visit  to  the  beautiful  home  of  the 
Salvage  Corps  will  largely  pay  anv 
one  interested,  where  men  devise  and 
use  a  great  variety  of  implements  and 
things  to  lighten  his  own  burthens 
and  make  others  less  onerous  to  bear. 
The  elegant  parlors  of  the  captain 
and  his  men  arehafndsomely  furnished, 
and  in  making  them  beautiful  and 
luxurous  much  needed  help  came 
from  friends.  Their  library  is  one  of 
the  best  of  its  kind  in  the  State. 


ROBERT    KIEKSTEAD,  CHIEF  E,S<;iiS' EER,  .V.  F.  D.. 


THE  PRESS  OF   ESSEX  COUNTY. 


IHE  Newark  Daily  Advertiser  had  its  birth  on 
Thursday,  March  i,  1832,  and  was  the  first 
iJaily  newspaper  pubHshed  in  New  Jersey.  The 
publishers  were  George  Bush  &  Co.,  and  the 
i-ditor  was  Amzi  Armstrong,  a  young  lawyer, 
who  was  assisted  by  John  P.  Jackson.  The 
Advertiser  was  Whig  in  its  politics.  The  popu- 
lation of  Newaik  in  1832  was  only  about  15,000. 
Business  methods  were  primitive,  and  newspaper  advertising 
almost  unknown.  A  single  firm  in  Newark,  now  pays  more  in  a 
year  for  advertising  in  the  Daily  Advertiser,  than  was  obtained 
for  a  similar  period  by  the  paper  in  the  first  years  of  its  his- 
tory, for  all  its  advertising. 

Changes  and  improvements  came  in  time.  Mr.  .Armstrong 
retired  from  the  editorship,  aud  was  succeeded  by  William  B. 
Kinney  as  editor  and  proprietor.  James  B.  Pinneo  entered  into 
partnership  with  him,  and  was  business  manager.  Mr.  Pinneo 
subsequently  withdrew,  and  .M.  S.  Harrison  took  his  place  on 
\\\tt  Advertiser.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Harrison,  Mr.  Kinney 
became  sole  proprietor.  The  Daily  Advertiser  began  to  grow 
in  value  and  mfluence.  In  1S51,  Mr.  Kinney  was  sent  to 
Sardinia  as  American  Minister.  He  died  in  1S80,  having  previ- 
ously transferred  the  paper  to  his  son,  Thomas  T.  Kinney. 
When  the  Whig  party  died,  the  Daily  Advertiser  became 
Republican.  Its  editor  for  many  years  after  the  war  was  Dr. 
Sandford  B.  Hunt,  who  was  succeeded,  upon  his  death,  by  I^r. 
Xnah   Brooks.     In    1892.  Thomas    T.  Kinney    transferred    the 

paper  to 
a  CO  m  - 
pany  con- 
sisting of 
himself, 
Franklin 
M  urphy, 
John  F. 
1)  r  \  den 
and  Ur. 
Leslie  D. 
Ward. 

.Messrs. 
M  u  rph  y 
and  Kin- 
ney with- 
drew, and 
Ml  March. 
1S95,  the 
paper  was 
purchas- 
ed by  a 
syndicate 
lepresent- 
ed  by  L)i-. 
D.  Hun- 
ter McAI- 
pin,  Al- 
fred L, 
NEWARK    HAILV    AUVEKIISER    BUlLDi.VG.  Dennis 


and  Frederick  Evans,  Jr.  The  location  of  the  Daily  Advertiser 
was  at  this  time  changed  from  the  southeast  corner  of  Broad 
and  Market,  to  the  commodious  building  794  Broad  Street.  The 
last  important  change  in  the  management,  was  effected  in  May, 
1S96,  in  the  purchase  and  editorial  control  of  the  paper  by 
Sheffield  Phelps,  son  of  the  late  William  Walter  Phel])s.  I'nder 
the  vigorous  management  of  Mr.  Phelps,  who  is  also  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  Jersey  City  Journal,  the  Daily  Advertiser 
very  soon  began  to  regain  its  oUltime  prestige  and  influence, 
and  as  the  only  Republican  paper  in  Newark,  its  prosperity  was 
assured.  Under  its  new  management,  and  in  the  well-equipped 
plant,  presented  here,  it  will  continue  to  win  its  way. 

The  Sentinel  of  Freedom,  the  weekly  edition  of  the  Daily 
Advertiser,  had  its  centennial  anniversary  October  5,  1896- 
The  first  number  w-as  issued  on  the  fifth  of  October.  1796,  by 
Daniel  Dodge,  printer,  and  Aaron  Pennington,  editor.  Three 
years  afterwards  the  paper  was  acquired  by  Jabez  Parkhurst 
and  Sainuel  Pennington.  A  year  afterwards  Stephen  (loukl 
acquired  Parkhurst 's  interest,  and  in  1803  the  paper  was  bought 
by  William  Tuttle  &  Co.,  who  afterwards  sold  it  to  the  Daily 
Advertiser.  The  Sentinel  was  the  second  weekly  paper  to  be 
published  in  Newark,  and  was  among  the  first  to  be  published 
in  the  State.  There  are  hundreds  of  old  New  Jersey  families 
with  whom  the  Sentinel  has  been  a  regular  visitor  for  genera- 
tions. 


1G2 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


THE   NEWARK   EVENING    NEWS. 

SINCE  its  first  issue,  September  i,  1S83,  the 
record  of  the  A^e-war^  Evening  Neivs\\&%  been 
one  of  constant  .intl  rapid  growth.  Starting  with 
one  edition  of  about  3.000  copies,  run  off  on  a  httle 
press  capable  of  printing  only  one  side  of  3,600  sheets 
an  hour,  the  paper  has  in  thirteen  years  attained  a 
daily  circulation  of  39,000.  This  is  the  largest 
circulation  ever  attained  by  any  other  New  jersey 
daily  newspaper. 

In  the  tenth  year  of  its  career  the  owners  of  the 
Evening  News  purchased  the  fine  double  building 
at  Nos.  2  [5-2 1 7  Market  Street,  nearly  the  whole  of 
which  is  devoted  to  its  use.  Here  it  has  an  equip- 
ment by  far  surpassing  that  of  any  other  New- 
Jersey  newspaper. 

It  has  two  great  Hoe  presses,  made  to  the  order 
of  the  publishers.  ( )ne  is  a  sextujile  press  capable 
of  printing,  cutting  and  folding  72,000  four,  six  or 
eight  page  papers,  48,000  ten  or  twelve  page  papers, 
36,000  si\teeii  page  or  24,000  fourteen,  twenty  or 
twenty-four  page  papers  an  hour.  The  other  is  a 
quadruple  press,  having  two-thirds  the  cajiacity  of 
its  companion  on  most  sized  papers.  Together  the 
two  will  piint  120,000  four,  sin  or  eight  page  papers, 
72,000  ten  or  twelve  page  papers,  48,000  fourteen 
page,  and  60,000  si.vteen  jjage  papers  an  hour. 

This  splendid  press-room  equipment  is  the  sixth  put  in 
to  meet  the  necessities  imposed  by  the  growth  of  the 
News.  The  little  press  first  put  up  in  the  cellar  of  the 
building  No.  844  Broad  Street,  proved  in  a  very  few 
months  inadequate  to  meet  the  demands  upon  it,  and 
was  replaced  by  another  with  a  capacity  of  12,000  copies 
an  hour.  Only  four-page  papers  were  printed  then,  it  being  neces- 
s,uy,  when  eight-page  ones  were  needed,  to  print  two  sheets  sep- 


m  si-.Mi 


NEW.^RK    EVENING    NEWS    BtllLDING. 


a  r  a  1 1'  1  y 

and     fold 

them     to- 

g  e  t  h  e  r. 

In  a  year 

or      t  w  o 

this  press  was  in  turn  replaced  by  another  of  double  its  capacity,  and 

using  stereotype  ]3lates.     This  soon  proved   unequal  to  its  duties,  and 

was  followed  by  still  another,  the  capacity  again  being  doubled.     That 

press,  the  last  used  in  the  Broad  Street  building,  was  capable  of  only 

half  the  work  which  can  be  done  by  the  quadruple,  or  one-third  that 

which  can  be  done  by  the  sextuple  press. 

Long  before  its  removal  to  Market  Street,  the  Neivs  had  outgrown 
its  old  quarters.  Additions  had  been  made  to  the  building,  No.  S44. 
and  the  upper  fioors  of  the  one  adjoining.  No.  846,  had  been  leased 
.\n<\  used.  In  the  Evening  News  building  all  the  departments  of  the 
Piper  find  ample  accommodations. 

Closely  connected  with  the  press-room  is  a  complete  stereotyping 
apparatus.  The  presses  are  run  and  power  for  other  work  is  furnished 
bv  a  double  fifty  horse  ])ower  engine.  The  building  is  lighted  through- 
out by  electricity,  the  entire  plant  being  owned  and  operated  by  the 
Aieivs. 

The  number  of  men  employetl  in  the  composing  room  of  the  News 
is  far  in  excess  of  that  working  on  any  01  her  New  Jersey  newspaper. 
In  all  its  departments  the  same  fact  holds  good.  It  does  more  work 
.uid  employs  more  men   to  do  it  than  any  of  its  State  contemporaries. 

From  the  beginning,  the  Evening  News  has  been  under  the  same 
management.  Wallace  M.  Scudder  is  the  publisher  and  Henry 
Abbott  Steel  is  the  editor.  William  Hooper  Howells  is  the  manager 
of  the  advertising  department.     Russell  P.  Jacoby  was  first  city  editor. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


163 


NEW  JERSEY   FREIE  ZEITUNG. 

THIS,  the  leading  Geimaii  newspaper  in  New  Jersey,  was 
established  in  the  year  1858,  by  Benedict  Prieth.  The 
paper  had  existed  for  some  years  previous  to  this  time,  under 
the  name  IVe^c  Jersey  Zeititng,  and  was  owned  and  edited 
by  Major  Annecke.  who  died  in  the  early  8o's.  When  Benedict 
Prieth  purchased  the  property  of  the  Ne7ti  Jersey  Zeitum;. 
the  entire  plant  consisted  of  a  few  fonts  of  type,  and  an  old- 
fashioned  hand  press,  capable  of  printing  a  few  hundred  sheets 
per  hour.  The  circulation  of  the  A'ew  Jersey  Zet/ttiig  in 
those  days  was  about  400.  and  there  was  not  as  much  reading- 
matter  in  its  columns  as  there  is  on  one  of  the  eight  pages  of 
the  Ne7v  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung  o{  to-day.  Mr.  Prieth  at  first 
had  only  one  assistant  in  the  literary  department  of  the  paper, 
and  this  gentleman  was  often  compelled  to  take  a  hand  at  run- 
ning the  press.  The  first  large  increase  in  circulation  was 
experienced  during  the  Civil  War,  when  the  loyal  Germ.in 
citizens  of  Newark  were  anxious  to  hear  the  latest  news  from 
the  scene  of  war.  From  that  time  on  the  paper  has  steadily 
grown,  owing  to  the  large  emigration  from  Germany  to  this 
country.  Mr.  Prieth  died  in  1  S79,  and  the  management  of  the 
paper  has  changed  hands  several  times  since  then.  At  the 
present  day,  1897,  the  New  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung,  with  its  own 
handsome  building  at  75  Market  Street,  and  its  splendidly 
equipped  plant,  produces  a  paper,  which  from  a  literary  and 
typographical  point  of  view  cannot  be  excelled  by  any  German 
paper  in  America.  The  Daily  and  Sunday  Freie  Zeitung  cir- 
culates chieHy  in  Newark  and  Essex  County,  while  the  remain- 
der of  the  German  population  of  New  Jersey  is  reached  by  the 
weekly  edition.  That  the  Fteie  Zeitung  has  the  confidence 
of  the  business  world  of  Newark,  is  amply  demonstrated  by  the 
fact  that  the  advertisements  of  the  most  successful  business 
men,  regardless  of  nationality,  are  to  be  found  in  its  columns. 
In  politics  the  paper  has  always  been  independent,  with  a 
leaning  towards  Republican  ideas  and  principles,  and  its  great 
influence  among  the  Germans  of  Newark  is  demonstrated  by 
the  fact  that  the  Republican  candidates  in  the  city,  county  or 
state,  ha\e  invariably  been  defeated  whenever  the  Freie  Zeitum; 
has  found  it  necessary  to  oppose  either  the  candidates  them- 
selves, or  the  platform  on  which  they  stood.  Its  fairness  and 
straightforwardness  in  dealing  with  all  the  leading  ((uestions  of 
the  day,  have  won  it  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  Germans 

of  Newark. 
On  the 
first  floor  of 
t  h  e  Ne m 
Jersey  Freie 
Z  e  it  ung  '  s 
large  build- 
ing, the  busi- 
ness depart- 
ment and  the 
m  a  n  a  g  ers' 
private  offi- 
ces are  locat- 
ed. The  Hoe 
pe  rfec  t  ing 
presses  and 
the  sterotyp- 
ing  depart- 
ment are  in 
the  cellar.  In 
the  front  of 
the       second 

BENEDICT    I'UlEiil,    FOUNPEK.  flOOr  the    cdl- 


NEW  JERSEY    FREIE    ZEM  UN'i;    l:tll  I'lNi;. 


torial  staff, 
and  in  the 
rear  the  re- 
portorial  staff 
have  their 
cjuarters. 

The  com- 
posing room 
is  on  the  top 
floor,  a  n  d 
here  are  to 
be  found  five 
of  the  won- 
derful type- 
setting de- 
vices called 
i\Iergenthaler 
Linotype 
Machines. 

The  heads 
of  the  various 
departments 
are  a  s  fol- 
lows :  Bene- 
dict Prieth, 
son  of  the 
late  Benedict 
Prieth,  Man- 
ager ;  Fred- 
erick Kuhn, 
Editor  ;  Emil 
Wenzel,  As- 
sistant Editor;  William  Katzler,  City  Editor ;  Frederick  Fieg, 
Telegraphic  Editor;  Augustus  Georger,  Night  Foreman  of  com- 
positors ;  Gustave  Wolber,  Day  Foreman  of  compositors ; 
Richard  Taylor,  Foreman  of  jjiess-room. 

The  AVry  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung,  in  its  various  de])artments, 
employs  a  force  of  over  fifty  men.  Its  publications  are  as 
follows:  New  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung,  (Daily  edilionl.  Der 
Erzaehler,  (Sunday  edition),  and   Weekly  Freie  Zeitung. 

Special  edition  for  Hudson  County,  with  office  at  80  Wash- 
ington Street,  Hoboken,  N.  J„  William  Denstorff,  Manager. 
This  latter  paper,  although  only  two  years  old,  has  been  wonder- 
fully successful,  and  is  now  the  leading  German  jiaper  in 
Hudson  Co.  The  large  (German  population  of  such  flourishing 
cities  as  Jersey  City,  Hoboken.  Bayonne,  etc.,  is  proud  of  this 
newlv  established  paper,  knowing  that  it  is  devoted  to  the 
interests  of  the  class  of  people  which  forms  the  bulk  of  its 
subscribers.  The  paper  is  ably  managed  by  Mr.  William 
Denstorff. 

It  is  the  proud  lioast  of  the  proprietors  of  the  New  Jersey 
Freie  Zeitung  that  the  four  papers  which  they  publish,  viz.: 
the  New  Jersey  Freie  Ziitung,  (daily),  Der  Erzaehler,  (Sun- 
day), the  weekly  and  special  edition  for  Hudson  County,  abso- 
lutely cover  the  German  population  of  New  Jersey,  and  that 
this  belief  is  shared  by  the  advertising  public,  is  demonstrated 
by  the  fact  that  many  of  the  largest  business  houses  in  the 
State  advertise  in  the  AVw  Jersey  Freie  Zi'/'/a//!,'-'.?  publications 
alone,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  the  other  German  papers  in  the 
State,  knowing  that  thereby  they  reach  the  entire  German  speak- 
ing population  of  New  Jersey. 

The  illustrations  shown  on  this  page,  represents  the  Freie 
Zeitung  building,  which  has  been  lately  improved  with  a  new 
brown  stone  front,  making  one  of  the  neatest  newspaper  plants 
in  the  city  of  Newark,  and  a  life-like  photo  of  its  Founder. 


164 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


NEW  JERSEYS  GREAT  SUNDAY 
PAPER. 

THE  Suniiiiy  Ge// was  first  ))ublislied  in  May, 
1872,  and  a  little  more  than  a  year  later  it 
became  the  property  of  Wilham  A  Ure  anrl 
James  W.  Schoch,  Their  capital  was  principalh 
their  indefatigable  labor,  their  knowledge  of  the 
business  and  their  faith  in  the  future  of  the 
Sunday  newspaper.  Much  opposition  was  en- 
countered, and  there  was  prejudice  to  be  over- 
come. The  fact  was  soon  apparent,  however,  that 
the  Sunday  Call  was  independent,  but  not  neu- 
tral ;  that  it  was  clean  and  fair  ;  that  it  was  de- 
voted to  Newark  and  Esse.x  County  interestsrand 
sought  to  secure  the  best  go\ernnient  for  the 
people,  and  the  paper's  circulation  iiicreasetl 
from  a  few  liundred  to  thousands,  and  adver- 
tisers soon  made  it  a  favorite  medium.  It  has 
grown  with  tlie  growth  of  Newark,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  great  Sunday  newspapers  of  the 
country.  .Messrs.  ('..  \V.  Thorne.  William  T. 
Hunt,  Louis  Hannoch  and  H.  C.  McDougall 
became  members  of  the  firm  a  few  years  ago. 
Mr.  Hunt  is  editor,  Mr.  Thorne  associate  editor, 
and  Mr.  Hannoch  business  manager. 

The  Sniiday  Call,  although  published  once  a 
week,  has  all  the  equipment  and  facilities  of  a 
daily    ne\vspa|)er.     Its    offices    at     194    Market 


THE  SUNDAY  CALL 


NEWARK    SUNDAY   CAM.    BCILIUNG. 


Street  are  convenient,  and  its  ]iresses.  composing  room  and  news  methods  are 
modern  and  efficient.  It  publishes  from  twenty  to  twenty-four  pages  each  Sunday, 
and  to  each  issue  scores  of  writers  contribute.  The  weekly  cost  of  production  is 
equal  to  that  of  many  daily  newspapers.  Among  its  occasional  contributors  are 
eminent  clergymen,  lawyers,  physicians  and  business  men  of  the  city  an<l  vicinity, 
besides  a  number  of  bright  women  writers.  Its  advertising  colunuis  are  filled  by 
representative  houses,  and  its  "cent  a  word  "  page  is  a  market  of  industrial  activity 
in  itself.  The  Sunday  Call 'v=,  read  each  Sunday  by  at  least  100,000  persons,  and  it 
is  as  much  a  favorite  with  one  member  of  the  family  as  another. 

While  giving  general  news,  but  particularly  the  news  of  Newark  and  neighbor- 
ing towns,  the  paper  has  special  departments  devoted  to  lodges  and  social  societies, 
sports,  the  public  schools,  building  and  loan  associations,  women's  clubs,  whist, 
chess  and  checkers,  local  politics,  churches,  and  the  building  interests  of  the  city. 
It  seeks  to  promote  every  worthy  cause  in  which  the  people  of  New  Jersey,  and 
especially  those  of  Newark,  are  concerned. 

The  Sunday  Call  is  printed  from  linotype  machines  upon  a  three-tieretl  press 
of  largest  capacity,  and  has  adopted  every  approved  lueasure  for  increasing  the 
efficiency  of  its  plant.  Its  influence  has  been  recognized  throughout  this  section 
as  potent  for  good,  and  its  appeal  is  successfully  made  to  the  thinking  and  prac- 
tical people  of  the  State.  It  is  identified  with  every  interest  of  the  community  in 
which  it  is  published. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


165 


NEW  JERSEY   DEUTSCHE  ZEITUNG, 

THE  jV^iC/  Jersey  Deutsche  Zeitiing  was  founded  on  April 
12,  1880,  by  Dr.  E.  H.  Makk,  Editor-in-Chief,  and  Joseph 
Knorr,  Manager  of  the  Ne7u  Jersey  Frei'e  Zeiluns;.  Tlie 
scheme  of  the  new  German  daily  was  matured  in  the  residence 
of  the  late  J.  J.  Hockenjos,  a  sturdy  and  brave  battler  for 
opinion's  sake,  whose  figure  and  actions  are  fresh  memories 
with  all  who  used  to  attend  the  Board  of  Trade  meetings. 
With  Mr,  Hockenjos  were  associated  as  first  promoters,  Mrs. 
Kimmerle,  a  woman  of  superior  brain  power  and  character,  who 
has  long  successfully  conducted  her  own  dual  business,  that 
of  milliner  and  florist. 

At  this  time  a  great  many  okl  German  Republicans  had 
become  sour  and  sore  on  the  Frei'e  /.citidig,  and  the  new 
German  daily  was  warmly  welcomed  by  them.  It  was  Repub- 
lican on  general  politics,  but  straight-out  Democratic  in  local 
affairs.  In  the  early  fall  of  1880,  Dr.  INIakk  withdrew  altogether 
and  went  to  Rochester,  where  he  still  edits  the  Rochester 
Volksblatt.  Mr.  Knorr  now  took  entire  management  of  the 
paper.  Charles  Voelcker,  an  experienced  German  Democratic 
journalist,  who  had  served  on  the  old-time  Volksinann  with 
Major  Franz  Umbscheiden.  took  the  editorial  helm,  with  Mr. 
I.ouis  Dannenberg  as  his  associate  and  chief  of  the  city  de- 
partment. In  the  general  election  that  year  the  pa])er  supported 
General  Hancock  for  President  and  George  C.  Ludlow  for 
Governor.  Mr.  Knorr  gave  his  life  to  his  work  of  building  up 
the  paper  He  was  at  it  day  and  night.  Sundays  as  well  as 
week  days.  He  was  a  first-class  business  man  and  secured  for 
the  paper  a  full  and  liberal  line  of  advertising.  His  devotion 
to  his  work,  and  his  decided  business  talents  inspired  confidence, 
not  only  among  fjusiness  men,  but  among  men  like  Gottfried 
Krueger  and  others,  who  aided  him  financially  in  the  start. 

His  labors  told  in  the  success  that  crowned  them.     He  took 
a  lease  of  the  paper,  from  the  stockholders,  for  fifteen  years,  and 
before  long  was  able  to  wipe  out  all  indebtedness  and  estab- 
lished the  paper 
on  a   handsome 
paving  basis. 

First  among 
those  who  are 
e  n  t  i  t  1  e  tl  to 
special  credit 
for  their  services 
in  helping  Mr. 
Knoir  to  make 
t  h  e  Deutsche 
Zeitiing  t  h  e 
g  r  e  a  t  success 
it  is,  are  M  r. 
Louis  Dannen- 
berg. the  ac- 
comi)lished  and 
experienced,  yet 
withal  modest 
and  retiring, 
German  journal- 
ist, and  Mr.  Emil 
Krat-utler,  who 
got  his  business 
I  r  a  i  11  i  n  g  first 
under  the  eye 
of  his  uncle,  Mr. 
Hockenjos,  and 
next  under  that 
N.  J.  DEurscHE /itn  UNG  liUiLUiNG.         of    Mr.     Knorr. 


Newark  Tribiinc. 


),<«<«    Dii'^' 


TTicw  3crrP7, 


Peutrcf)c  pctiuuQ. 


lj.-|.-|ili.n,l,ti 


Messrs.  Dan- 
nenberg and 
K  raeut ler 
are  the  man- 
agers of  the 
paper.  They 
have  follow- 
ed in  the 
lines  laid 
down  by  Mr. 
Knorr,  and 
are  pushing 
the  paper 
along  more 
prosperously 
than  ever. 

In  its  new 
quarters  the 
Deutsche 
Zeilung  has 
the  fullest 
facilities  to 
get  out  a  first 
class  local 
paper,  one 
that  is  a  great 
credit  alike 
to  its  man- 
agers and  all 

connected     '-—  _     -  '     '"^SI^:. 

with    it,   and      r.  ,  ^ISC^ZS 

to    the   Ger-  '^ 

man  reading 

people  of  Newark;  a  good,  clean,  live,  bright  and  welcome 
visitor  to  the  house  ;  likewise  a  strong  and  sterling  battler  for 
true  Democracy,  the  Democracy  of  Jefferson  and  the  founders  of 
the  Republic. 

Others  besides  Messrs.  Dannenberg  and  Kraeutler,  who 
have  done  good  work  on  the  paper,  helping  to  make  it  all  it  is, 
are  the  late  Oscar  von  Joeden,  a  fine  writer  and  a  good  orator, 
in  the  threads  of  whose  life  are  woven  a  romance  of  the  heart, 
which  may  not  be  spoken  of  here,  and  who,  like  the  immortal 
Swift,  rotted  out  at  the  top  ;  the  late  Charles  Voelcker,  already 
spoken  of,  as  kind  a  soul  as  ever  lived.  The  present  editor  is 
Mr.  Carl  Meyer. 

As  an  advertising  medium,  the  Deutsche  Zeitung  is  of  great 
value.  It  reaches  the  homes  of  the  German  population  of 
Newark  and  Essex  County.  On  January  i,  1S97,  the  lease  with 
the  late  Mr.  Joseph  Knorr  expired,  and  from  that  date  the 
paper  was  put  under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
.Among  them  are,  Mr.  G.  Krueger,  Mr.  Elias  Berla,  Mr.  Ed- 
Schickhaus,  Mr.  F.  L.  Feind,  Mr.  Chas.  L.  Walter,  Mr.  Louis 
Dannenberg  and  Mr.  Emil  Kraeutler.  The  paper  will  in 
the  future,  as  in  the  past,  strictly  adhere  to  true  Democratic 
principles  in  national  and  state  affairs,  while  in  the  county  and 
local  affairs,  it  will  support  the  best  candidates,  irrespective  of 
party. 

Karl  G.  Meyer,  editor  of  the  Deutsche  Zeilung,  is  well  known 
and  highly  esteemed  by  the  people  of  this  city.  He  ranks 
among  the  brightest  of  the  German-American  journalists  of 
Essex  County,  and  as  a  graceful  writer  and  critic,  has  few 
superiors.  By  hard  work  and  perseverance  he  has  succeeded  in 
placing  the  paper  on  a  solid  basis,  as  its  improved  literary  char- 
acter, and  the  fine  press  as  well  as  all  the  other  necessary 
adjuncts  that  go  to  make  an  efficient  newspaper  plant  show. 


ion 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE   NEWARK   PIONIER. 

THIS  paper.  :i  German  Weekly,  was  founded  in  1SS5,  liy  the 
Pionier  Publisliin;^  Company,  and  from  its  start  Mr. 
Francis  E.  Adler,  tlie  present  editor  and  publislier,  became 
Editor  and  Business  Manager.  In  1S87,  the  Pionier  Publishing 
Company  dissolved,  and  the  paper  became  the  property  of  F.  E. 
Alder  &  Co.,  who  have  successfully  published  the  same  for 
elex'en  years.  The  /'/o/u'fr  is  strictly  a  family  paper,  anrl  cir- 
culates especially  among  the  old  German  residents  of  the  City 
of  Newark,  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  enjoys  in  a  marked 
degree,  the  patronage  of  business  people. 

The  senior  publisher  and  editor,  Mr.  F.  E.  Adler,  is  the  old- 
est practical  Gei'man  printer  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey.  He 
held  a  position  on  the  first  German  newspaper  ever  published 
in  the  .State,  the  AVrc  yt'i'sey  S/ijd/s  Coi/r/'iT.  established  in 
Newark.  1851.  He  afterward  became  forem.an  of  ihf  A'l-uuir/: 
Zt-iiuii'r  and  New  Jersey  Freie  Zei'/uii!;,  remaining  in  this 
position  until  1859.  He  then  went  to  Albany,  New  York,  and 
established  the  daily  Allniiiy  Beohachtei-,  a  p.iper  which 
fought  enthusiastically  for   the    election  of  Abraham    Lincoln. 

Mr  ."Xdler  enlisted  in  1S61.  in  the  9th  Regiment.  New  Jersey 
Volunteeis,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant,  on  several 
occasions  commanding  his  company  with  great  credit.  Near 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was  employed  by  the  Commissary  Depart- 
ment of  the  Armv  of  the  Potomac  at  Alexandria.  Va.,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  returned  to  Newark,  and  resumed  his 
profession.  In  1872,  Mr.  Adler  became  editor  of  the  U'liskim^- 
lon.  D.  C.  Journal,  remaining  in  his  position  until  1878.  Once 
more  he  returned  to  Newark,  and  became  connecteil  with  tiie 
Beohachter  atn  Passaic.  When  the  Pionier  was  established  it 
was  but  natural  that  Mr.  Adler,  as  the  oldest  German  journalist 
and  practical  printer  in  the  State,  should  become  its  editor,  and 
he  has  since  then  de\dted  his  entire  time  to  this  journal  and  the 
job  office  connected  therewith.  Mr.  Adler  is  prominently 
connected  with  the  Newark  Pionier  Society  and  the  Gottfried 
Krueger  Pionier  Greisenheim,  (Old  People's  Home),  which 
insiitution  justiv  merits  the  ilistinction  of  being  the  best  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States;  a  noble  charity,  indeed, 

Mr.  Adler  is  a  jovial,  kind-hearted  man,  justly  popular  with 
all  classes  of  the  trulv  cosmopolitan  population  of  Newark, 
but  h.is  never  been  induced  to  accept  public  office  of  any  kind. 

Ill-  \\<is  born  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  and  emigrated  to 
this  country   in  Julv,  1850,  after  he  had  t.ikcii  p.irt  in  the  re\oiu- 


^vm  ?f'"!:.f^-?-?jfl'^|i 


!0H'S§T^'!'^^^I/m,. 


KS:ii- 


TSeinatti.  W  ?    *. 


FKANCIS    K.    ADI.BK,    KDITOK. 


tionary  war  of  1849,  when  quite  a  boy. 
He  took  refuge  in  France  with  a  large 
number  of  comrades  after  the  revolution- 
ary movement  had  been  suppressed  bv 
ihe  Prussian  army  under  the  command  of 
the  Crown  Piince  of  Prussia,  the  late 
ljn|)eror  William  I,  of  Germany. 

Frank  C.  Adler,  the  son  of  the  pub- 
lisher of  the  Newark  Pionier,  has  been 
connected  with  the  establishmentt  for  a 
nnn^ber  of  years,  and  has  charge  of  the 
pi  ess-room,  and  attends  besides  to  the 
out-door  business  of  the  concern,  collect- 
ing bills,  soliciting  advertisements,  elc. 
lie  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Slate 
Militia,  and  held  the  position  of  Color- 
bearer  in  the  Fifth  Regiment. 

The  illustrations  presented  on  this 
page  are  life-like  engravings  of  Messrs. 
.•\dler  and  son,  who  are  well  and  favor- 
ably known  to  the  people  of  Newark,  and 
their  paper  is  a  welcomed  guest. 


rR.\.NK    C.    .\DLER,    BUSINESS    M.\N.\(;  ICK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


107 


THE  ORANGE  VOLKSBOTE. 

THE  first  number  of  this  paper  was  printed  on  a  Washington  hand- 
press,  and  issued  on  October  5,  1872.  Its  pubMsher, 
August  Erdmann,  a  printer  by  trade,  soon  recognized  the  fact  that 
he  had  to  take  an  able  writer  as  editor  of  his  paper,  as  he  alone  could 
not  attend  to  all  the  work,  and  therefore  associated  himself  with  Mr. 
Louis  Darnstaedt.  Week  by  week,  not  only  the  number  of  readers 
and  subscribers  increased,  but  one  column  after  the  other  had  to  be 
filled  with  advertisements.  Politically,  the  Orange  Volksbole  advo- 
cated democratic  principles,  and  its  influence  upon  the  German  popu. 
lation  has  been  felt  more  than  once.  During  the  official  term  of  Mr. 
Henry  Egner,  as  Mayor  of  Orange,  the  Volksbote  was  designated  as 
one  of  the  corporation  jjapers  which  published  the  city's  advertisements 
ordinances,  etc. 

After  the  death  of  its  founder,  August  Erdmann,  the  Orange  I'olks- 
bote  changed  hands.  On  November  i,  iSgi.it  was  bought  by  its 
present  owner,  Ernest  Temme.  The  paper  had  been  neglected  by  its 
late  proprietor  on  account  of  sickness,  and  when  it  was  sold,  the  once 
prosperous  paper  was  in  a  most  pitiable  condition,  to  say  nothing 
about  press,  type  and  the  other  material  necessary  to  make  up  a 
paper.  The  new  owner  at  once  replaced  the  hand-press  with  a  Camp- 
bell country  press,  bought  new  body  type,  and  then  started  on  haixl 
up-hill  work.  By  the  aid  of  his  son,  Fred.  G.  Temme  who  has  since 
become  manager  of  the  I'clk^bote.  the  paper  has  not  only  regained  its 
old  stand-point  but  is  now  one  of  the  most-read  weekly  papers  in 
Essex  County.  Its  circulation  is  steadily  increasing,  and  the  best 
business  houses  in  Newark  have  their  advertisements  in  its  columns. 
"Wt  Orange  Volksbo/exs  to-day  a  seven-column  twelve-pige  paper 
and  a  well-liked  friend  in  the  homes  of  German  families  in  the 
Oranges  and  miles  around. 

As  the  Volksbote  does  not  go  to  press  before  .Saturday  morning, 
its  columns  contain  all  the  news  of  the  week  up  to  that  time.  This 
enables  the  Vclksbo/e,  unlike  the  other  Orange  paper,  to  bring  happen- 
ings of  late  Friday  night  and  early  Saturday  morning,  and  make  it  really 
a  Saturday  noon  paper,  which  is  appreciated  by  all  its  readers  for  some 
of  whom  the  Volksbote  is  its  only  Sunday  associate.  On  October  5, 
1897,  the  Volksbj/e  will  issue  an  anniversary  number,  it  being  twenty- 
five  years  that  the  Volksbote  has  been  issued,  with  more  or  less  diffi- 
culty. This  anniversary  number  will  contain  a  complete  history  of 
the  paper,  together  with  illustrations  of  interest  in  and  about 
Orange,  and  consist  of  at  least  twenty-four  pages. 

In  the  job  printing  department   the  latest  faces  of  types  have  been 

added,  which    enables    the 


— W— J 

^iiS^i^l^M^'f Is^xlfesiS? , 

'•;r;i. 

l^&i^w 

fMffM 

ilffiiiWi 

CHARLES 

P  CARSON 

t.»4.__^^  jiir^.-  -'• 

^^fe 

'-Tik-i- 

■^-M§M^Sy^^^:^           ^^ 

>.**.• 

JWM^tnas 

^m 

fi&l 

^-A^^\ 

:..-.... 

^Itt 

(Orange 


iotksbotc. 


R^F    ''  HIVE 

'..'HfiiafM  Oil  Eiii''"  ,v,- 
.„.., I'j^-.-'' 

^•^        WATSOiV'S      l^^y.-.. 

'"'^- ■"•■''  V«rk«ul 

i  CEO.  W4.T681!  *  C«.,  kS5^?^ 
NEWULN.J. 


CtJCT. 

pit*-  *■»  ^i«n-  9Unn. 
10  U  CUSEST.  oiheSCOTUnDIT. 


^^^^ 


ERNEST    TEMME,    EDITOK. 


Volksbote  to 
turn  out  most  any  job,  especially  society 
work,  which  forms  its  main  feature.  Its 
place  of  publication  is  located  at  No.  26 
Day  Street,  near  Main. 

The  illustrations  presented  on  this  page 
are  life-like  photos  of  .Mr.  E.  Temme  and 
son.  Editor  and  Manager  of  the  Orange 
Volksbote.  The  former  is  a  well-known 
citizen  of  Orange,  and  has  been  identi- 
fied with  the  press  of  Essex  County  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Mr. 
Temme  is  happily  situated  in  having  so 
able  a  son  to  assist  him  in  sharing  the 
burden  of  his  enterprising  profession  in 
the  closing  years  of  his  active  business 
career. 

Mr.  Fred.  G.  Temme,  who  is  now 
the  business  manager,  is  a  practical  printer 
by  trade,  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  profession,  and  devotes  his  time  to 
furthering  the  interests  of  the  paper  and 
perfecting  the  job  printing  department. 


FKELl.    <;.    TEMME,    liCsl.N  E.'iS    .MAN.XGEK. 


168 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ORANGE  SONNTAGSBLATT. 

THIS,  the  leading  German  newspaper  of  Orange,  was  estab- 
lished in  1S83,  as  a  independent  i:)eniocratic  newspaper,  by 
August  Koehler.  In  1887,  the  pa])er  was  enlarged  from  four 
to  eight  pages.  Tlie  popularity  of  the  paper  increased  from 
year  to  year,  and  its  circulation  extends  from  the  Oranges  to 
all  over  Essex  County.  Business  people  were  not  slow  ni 
recognizing  the  \alue  of  the  Or,i//j^'tr  Soiiiilagstlatt.  and  adver- 
tisers from  the  Oranges,  from  Newark  and  New  York  engaged 
space  for  their  advertisements,  which  compelletl  Mr.  Koehler, 
the  enterprising  editor  and  publisher,  to  still  further  enlarge  the 
paper  and  make  it  a  ten  page  paper  in  1  S90. 

In  the  year  1891,  the  Orange  Soitn/iigsblatt  was  designated 
by  Governor  Leon  Abctt,  State  Treasurer  George  R.  Gray  and 
Comptroller  William  C.  Heppenheimer  as  one  of  the  official 
papers  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  thereby  becoming  also  the 
official  organ  of  the  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  of  the 
County  of  Essex.  Mr.  Koeler,  the  proprietor  and  publisher  of 
the  simntagsbliUt,  was  born  in  Cologne  on  the  Rhine,  Germany. 
July  18,  1852.  He  settled  in  Orange  in  1869,  and  by  hard  work, 
grit  and  perseverance,  has  made  a  success  in  life.  He  enjoys 
a  great  popularity  and  is  well  known  all  over  the  State,  taking 
great  interest  in  political  and  society  matters.  Although 
having  refused  so  far  all  political  honors,  he  is  a  well  known 
personage  in  Trenton  during  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature, 
always  ready  to  help  his  friends  with  whatsoever  [jower  and 
influence  he  can  obtain. 

Before  establishing  his  own  paper,  he  was  connected  as 
correspondent  of  the  Neiv  York  Journal,  a  German  daily 
newspaper,  that  had  hundreds  of  subscribers  in  the  Oranges  as 
long  as  Mr.  Koehler  interested  himself  in  it.  In  May,  1896,  Mr. 
Koehler  established  a  paper  in  the  interest  and  for  the  elevation 
of  the  liquor  trade.  It  is  a  bright  monthly  sheet,  and  is  anxi- 
ously read  by  all  men  in  the  trade.  Mr.  Koehler  turned  the 
business  management  of  the  Official  journal  of  the  State  Liquor 
Dealors  League  of  New  Jersey,  over  to  Mr.  A.  Schlesinger,  in 
Jersey  City,  but  assumed  full  editorial  control.  In  1896,  during 
the  Presidential  campaign,  the  Orange  Sonnlagsbla/t.  fearless 
of  all  political  affiliations,  came  out  for  the  Presidential  Republi- 
can candidates,  McKinley  and  Hobart  ;  honest  money  and 
protection  to  the  American  industries. 

In  an  editorial  on  July   12,  Mr.  Koehler  explained  the  stand 

his  paper  was  to 
take  in  the  the  poli- 
tical contest,  stating 
that  although  a 
Democrat  to  the 
back-bone,  it  was 
impossible  for  him 
to  support  the  Chi- 
cago platform  and 
nominees,  but  as  far 
as  the  State  tickets 
were  concerned,  the 
Orange  Sonn/ags- 
blatt  was  to  remain 
true  to  its  princi- 
ples and  doctrines, 
strictly  Democratic. 
The  genial,  gen- 
erousand  courteous 
ways  of  Mr. 
Koehler,  have  won 
for    him    a  host    ol 

AUGUST    KOEHLKK.    FOUNDER    AND    EDllOK.      '''lends.  aVMlg 


V^&TZ^aXSS^  r"'-nT-^T-i j^- 1^5- ^-..^ 


iif»*Kul  mfiis  mm  UHOiHiRs. 


lM«>an«   J     U(  ■•■  3ii(|i^_  I 


fME     .^ 

STORY  &   CLARK 
Chkaga,  m. PIANO  eg 


toHie  ^onmogsblalL 


i^^^'Z^'^'jiL™^ 


been  an  active  worker  in  the  Democratic  ranks  for  years,  he  is 
connected  with  the  Joel  Parker  Association  of  Newark,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  German-English  School  Society  of  Orange,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  U.  G.  S.  B.  Sharpshooters  of  New  Jersey,  of  which 
he  has  been  repeatedly  elected  President.  He  also  belongs  to 
Orange  Lodge,  No.  135.  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of 
Elks,  and  several  other  charitable  organizations,  Singing 
Societies,  and  to  the  German  Press  Club  of  New  York. 

He  was  for  a  number  of  years  an  active  and  energetic  member 
in  the  Executive  Board  of  the  Liquor  Dealers'  League,  having 
served  two  years  as  their  State  Secretary,  and  at  their  convention 
in  Hoboken,  1892,  was  elected  State  President  at  the  conventions 
held  in  Paterson,  1894,  and  in  Newark,  1896.  he  was  unani- 
mously re-elected  with  great  enthusiasm.  Mr.  Koehler  was 
elected  as  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  National  Retail 
Liquor  Dealers'  Association  of  the  United  States,  at  the  con- 
vention held  in  Washington.  D.  C.  He  was  chiefly  instru- 
mental in  organizing  the  State  thoroughly  for  the  Liquor 
Dealers'  State  League  of  New  Jersey,  and  his  efforts  were  so 
highly  appreciated,  that  at  the  convention  held  in  Paterson, 
Senator  Daly,  on  behalf  of  the  Hoboken  Inn  Keepers'  Associ- 
ation, iiresented  him  with  a  very  handsome  jewel  holding  a 
diamond  star,  the  design  of  which  is  a  masterpiece  of  art. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


169 


\  I  7HEN,  in  July  1895,  Messrs.  Burke  and  Beyer,  the  young  men  whose 


portraits  appear  on  this  page,  assumed  the  ownership  and  manage- 
ment of  Town  Talk,  the  paper  was  rounding  out  the  sixth  year  of  its 
existence.  At  that  time  the  publication  was  issued  from  No.  251  Market 
street  anil  was  printed  by  William  A.  Baker,  at  considerable  cost  per 
week,  to  its  new  proprietors.  Less  than  eighteen  months  after  securing 
control  of  Town  Talk,  the  present  owners  made  a  new  home  for  the 
bright  and  sparkling  weekly  at  No.  249  Market  street,  from  which  address 
it  is  now  issued.  The  plant  is  thoroughly  equipped  for  job  printing. 
A  large  and  carefully  selected  stock  of  type,  without  doubt  the  finest 
assortment  of  any  house  in  the  State,  which  was  essential  to  meet  the 
artistic  and  diversified  requirements  of  the  advertising  pages  and  other 
ilepartments  of  the  paper,  and  such  other  paraphernalia  and  fixtures  indis- 
pensable to  the  office  of  a  publication,  conducted  on  the  modern  and 
strictly  up-to-date  ideas  that  characterize  Town  Talk,  were  in  shape 
when  the  publishers  installed  the  paper  in  its  present  abode.  Few  estab- 
lishments now  excel  it.  Being  next  door  to  the  "  old  stand,"  yet  entirely 
severed  from  ties  that  formerly  bound  it,  Town  Talk  entered  upon  a 
career  that,  from  the  first  intlications,  was  destined  to  prove  the  most 
successful  in  its  history. 

It  was  the  pioneer  newspaper  of  its  class,  surviving  hundreds  of  imita- 
tors and  pursuing  the  even  tenor  of  its  way,  without  copying  others'  ideas 
or  depending  upon  paste  and  scissors  to  furnish  it  with  material.  Indeed, 
only  those  papers  that  copied  after  Town  Talk — that  is,  in  the  same  class 
— achieved  success  and  are  livingto  tell  it.  As  a  home  newspaper  reach- 
ing the  best  class  of  people,  To7un  Talk  really  merits  the  wonderful  advertising  patronage  it  commands,  and  in  its  new  quarters, 
where  only  the  most  efficient  workmen  are  employed,  the  opportunities  for  acquiring,  and  preserving,  greater  prestige  in  the  big 
territory  it  fills,  are  more  readily  grasped  :ind  utilized.     Messrs.  Burke  and  Beyer  certainly  show,  by  their  enterprise,  that  they  mean 

to  spare  neither  time  nor  expense  in  the  good  work  of  extending  their 
circulation  and  enhancing  the  value  of  their  publication  as  an  advertis- 
ing medium.  It  is  by  far  the  handsomest  illustrated  paper  pul)lished 
for  five  cents,  so  their  task  is  not  such  a  hard  one  after  all. 

Its  bright  sayings,  its  original  stories  of  local  happenings  and  in- 
cidents, its  happy  and  effective  style  of  treating  public  men  and  public 
measures,  and  its  pungent  criticisms  of  hypocrisy  and  cant  have  won 
for  To^vn  Talk  many  complimentary  notices  from  the  State  and 
metropolitan  press.  Town  Talk  has  its  own  methods  in  dressing 
down  politicians  for  their  shortcomings,  and  its  independence  is 
demonstrated,  by  the  fact  that  it  spares  neither  Democrat  nor  Repub- 
lican w'hen  adverse  criticism  is  thought  to  be  deserved. 

An  inviolable  rule  of  Town  Talk  is  that  nothing  unclean,  sugges- 
ii\e  or  in  any  way  objectionable,  from  the  standpoint  of  decency,  shall 
qipear  in  its  colunuis.  In  all  truth  it  is  a  paper  of  the  home  and  for 
the  home. 

In  connection  with  the  success  Town  Talk  has  met  \\\\.\\  under 
Burke  and  Beyer,  a  plain,  unvarnished  statement  should  be  made  :  It 
would  have  been  a  surprise,  especially  to  the  newspaper  fraternity, 
had  the  venture  proved  a  failure.  The  art  of  managing  and  editing  a 
newspaper  was  no  mystery  to  the  new  owners.  The  doubt,  un- 
certainty and  trepidations  that  would  beset  the  path  of  novices  in 
such  an  undertaking,  did  not  loom  up  to  appall  them  They  were 
"  old "  as  newspaper  men.  though  young  in  years.  They  were 
possessed  of  experience,  ability,  energy,  indefatigability.  and  some 
means.  Mr.  Burke  was  the  city  editor  of  the  Newark  Evening  Nnvs 
and  Mr.  Beyer  held  the  managing  editorship  of  the  Sunday  Times- 
Standard,  at  the  time  they  purchased  Town  Talk.  Mr.  Burke  had 
been  connected  with  the  Ne-ios  for  twelve  years,  and  had  the  advant- 
ages of  the  schooling  in  newspaper  work,  which  only  that  enterprising 
paper  can  give  and  Mr.  Beyer  had  also  been  connected  with  the  News. 
„..,,„.  ^,,     ,     „..,.c-u  Mr.  Burke  was  born  in  South  Orange,  and  Mr.  Beyer,  in  Newark. 


ITO 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE   NEWARK    LEDGER. 


ii 


D"'l 


11  that    declaration  the   AV; 


ICVOTEI)  to  Religious  Liberty  and  Purity  in   Politics." 

'■/;  Ledger  states  the 
purpose  of  its  being,  and  its  files  and  its  records  prove  the 
sincerity  of  the  announcement  as  fully  as  its  great  success 
demonstrates  the  appreciation  of  its  objects  by  a  liberty-loving 
and  fair-minded  public. 

Lender  the  name  of  The  Catholic  Ledger  this  paper  was 
founded  in  April,  1S93,  by  Winfred  S.  Woodruff,  who  was  con- 
nected with  Newark  newspaperdom  for  many  years,  and  who 
has  since  died.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  it  passed  into  the  hands 
of  M.  J.  O'Conner  and  T.  J.  Regan,  well  known  Catholics  and 
business  men  of  Newark.  They  announced  at  the  outset  that 
their  object  was  not  to  make  money,  but  to  utilize  all  the  paper's 


several  counties  of  Ireland,  which  are  of  intense  interest  to  the 
home-loving  sons  and  daughters  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  among 
whom,  even  then,  the  paper  found  the  bulk  of  its  supporters. 

The  Ledger,  in  1895,  added  to  its  name  for  a  time  the  caption 
Independent  Democrat.  It  was  the  first  to  name  James  M. 
Seymour  for  the  mayoralty  in  1896,  and  it  was  the  chief  means 
of  electing  him.  In  the  month  of  August,  1896,  Messrs.  O'Con- 
nor and  Regan  sold  the  paper  to  a  stock  company,  who  thought 
it  best  to  call  it  TJie  Newark  Ledger,  as  it  would  under  this 
name  be  free  from  imputations  that  might  be  cast  upon  it 
should  anything  not  entirely  orthodox  appear  in  its  columns. 
Its  capital  stock  was  fixed  at  $25,000  and  its  shares  at  $50  each, 
none  of  which  has  been  sold  below  par  value.  The  president 
of  the  company,  which  is  known  as  the  Newark  Ledger  Publish- 
ing Company,  is  I\I.  J.   O'Connor  ;    the  secretary,   John   Regan, 


gains  for  its  further  improvement  in  order  that  the  Catholic 
people  of  Newark  and  its  vicinity  might  have  a  paper  devoted 
to  their  interests  of  which  they  might  be  proud.  At  the  time 
that  they  took  charge  of  it  the  prospects  for  its  success  did  not 
seem  bright.  The  former  management  had  not  sought  to 
e.xtend  its  intiuence  beyond  the  limits  of  Esse.x  County,  and  did 
not  dream  of  circulating  it  even  in  the  distant  future  outside  of 
the  borders  of  the  Newark  diocese.  It  suffered  through  this 
enforced  contraction  and  at  the  time  of  its  transfer  to  the  new 
owners  it  had  a  circulation  of  only  a  few  hundred  copies. 

Patrick  J,  Tansey  became  editor  of  the  paper  in  February, 
1894.  One  of  the  first  changes  made  in  it  was  the  establish- 
ment of  a  page  of  Irish  news,  a  report  of  local  happenings  in  the 


and  the  treasurer,  John  Jackson.  The  Ledger  went  with  its 
accustomed  vigor  into  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1896,  and 
took  the  side  of  free  coinage.  It  gained  in  circulation  rapidly 
because  it  was  then,  as  it  always  has  been,  found  true  in  its 
devotion  to  religious  liberty  and  ])urily  in  politics  and  that  the 
public  believe  that  it  will  be  ever  ready  to  take  up  the  cudgels 
for  whatever  people  may  be  persecuted  for  their  faith  and 
against  whatsoever  party  that  attempts  to  encroach  upon  popu- 
lar rights.  The  Ledger  lias  at  present  subscribers  in  every 
town  and  village  in  New  Jersey  and,  indeed,  in  nearly  every 
State  in  the  Union,  and  has  Ijeen  complimented  by  some  of  its 
advertisers  with  the  statement  that  they  have  found  it  the  best 
medium  for  informing  people  about  what  they  have  to  sell. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


171 


ALBERT 


HOLBROOK. 


\ 


I 


ALBERT   M.   HOLKKOOK  (DECEASED.) 


FOR  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
Albert  M.  Holbrook  took  an  im- 
portant part  in  the  work  of  up-building 
the  city  of  Newark.  Standing  at  the  head 
of  one  of  its  vastly  important  institutions 
of  a  public  character  and  one  in  which 
every  citizen  had  an  interest,  this  man  of 
genius,  and  I  might  almost  well  say.  man 
of  destiny  and  ever  persevering,  worked 
on,  with  few  returns  and  less  thanks,  till 
his  o'er  wrought  system  gave  way,  and 
he  that  went  out  and  in  among  us,  so 
cheerful  and  uncomplaining  was  then 
carried  to  the  tomb.  Few  men  were  bet- 
ter known  than  Albert  M.  Holbrook. 
His  life  work  lay  in  the  way  of  pro- 
ducing a  map  of  the  city  of  Nev\ark 
and  making  a  directory  of  the  same.  The 
memory  of  Albert  M.  Holbrook  will  be 
clierished  by  those  who  knew  him  and 
the  work  he  did  while  he  was  a  sojourner 
here   will    be  canvassed    in    honor,  and 


r\ 


I 


I 


M.  J.  OCONNEK.  .\IA.\.\GLK  .\LUAliK  LEDGER. 


should  none  other  tablets  be  erected  to  his  memory,  readers  of 
Essex  County  N.  J.,  Illustrated,  as  they  turn  its  pages,  will  find 
a  constant  reminder  of  the  debt  of  gratitude  the  people  owe 
him,  in  the  beautiful  memoriam  illustration  on  which  the  artist 
has  so  beautifully  traced  his  name  and  the  lines  of  a  copy  of  his 
Newark  City  Directory,  among  the  gems  of  art  which  our  artists 
have  so  gracefully  transferred  to  the  pages  of  this  souvenir. 
For  genuine  open  heartedness  Albert  M.  Holbrook  was  noted, 
and  for  perseverance  in  the  accomplishment  of  purposes  and  the 
ends  he  sought,  few  was  possessed  of  in  a  greater  degree.  He 
was  far-seeing  and  nobody  was  ever  fonder  of  brushing  away 
the  mists  which  shadow  much,  if  they  do  not  shut  out  from  un- 
discerning  eyes  great  events  breaking  through  the  clouds  of  the 
future  and  rushing  toward  the  vista  of  grandeur  on  which  we 
stand  and  fail  to  see  them,  even  though  rushing  toward  us  with 
locomotive  speed.  For  an  e.xample  of  his  far  seeing  and  his 
power  to  read  the  future,  attention  can  be  called  to  his  declara- 
tion made  in  the   Board  of   Trade,  which   grand   institution  he 


was  almost  the  father  of  and  loved  as  the  applS  of  his  eye,  and 
from  which  he  was  seldom  absent  when  a  conclave  was  being 
held.  Another,  he  saw  in  the  industiial  features  of  Newark. 
History  had  long  opened  up  to  the  people  of  Newark  that  she 
was  the  Birmingham  of  America,  but  it  was  left  for  Albert  M. 
Holbrook  to  be  the  herald  of  the  fact  that  it  was  such  indeed. 
Again  it  was  the  wisdom  and  far-sightedness  of  this  same  man 
that  made  others  see  as  he  was  seeing  that  Newark,  as  the  great 
imporium  of  industry  of  the  western  continent,  needed  only  a 
public  demonstration  to  show  it  to  the  world. 


WALTER  C.  JACOBS. 


W 


.ALTER  C.  JACOBS,  a  photo  of  whom  is  shown  in 
the  illustrations  on  this  page,  is  perhaps  one  of  the 
youngest  and  most  enterprising  printers  in  Esse.x  County.  He 
was  born  in  this  city  in  1873,  and  was  educated  in  the  old  time- 
honored  Morton  Street  Public  School.  In  May,  1895,  heopened 
a  printing  office  at  No.  7  Ailing,  near  Market  street,  and  in  a  small  way  commenced 
his  present  business  with  every  prospect  of  success.  Being  a  practical  printer  by  trade 
and  having  one  of  the  finest  arranged  plants  in  the  city,  he  is  enabled  to  execute  all 
orders  in  the  job  printing  line  with  neatness  and  dispatch.  Mr.  Jacobs  is  identified 
with  many  of  the  leading  societies  of  the  city,  and  is  a  popular  man  with  the  young 
element  of  Newark.  He  is  an  enterprising  business  man  and  devotes  his  personal 
attention  to  the  work  entrusted  to  him,  and  is  a  worthy  representative  of  the  job 
printing  trade. 


WALTER    C.    JACOBS. 


DAVID   B.    NATHAN. 

SCHOOL  Commissioner  David  H.  Nathan,  who 
is  now  serving  his  second  year  on  the  ISoard. 
was  born  in  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  January  24. 
1856,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  there 
For  the  past  twenty-three  years  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  firm  of  Chas.  Cooper  &  Co.  He 
has  been  a  lifelong  Republican  and  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  politics  of  the  Tenth 
Ward,  from  which  he  was  elected  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  by  a  handsome  majority. 
Throughout  his  term  on  the  Board  he  has  shown  a 
keen  interest  in  the  cause  of  education  and  has 
done  much  to  advance  the  school  work  in  this  city. 


HOLBROOK  S    DTREC  fORV. 


172 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


3|eiu  3crrei;  3freir  ^ilfima 

~?^"- !5«jU  »„,.„,  „.„  ,:„,„„  „^  .     •' 


GERMAN    NEWSPAPERS    OF    ESS 


EX    COUNTY. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


173 


CHARLES  WOLBER  &  CO.,  PRINTERS. 

THE  illustration  on  this  page  represents  a  view 
on    the    southwest    corner    of    Market   and 
Washington  streets,  one  of  the  old  historical  locali- 
ties in  this  city,  commonly  designated  as  the  swamp 
or  "  watering  place  "  in  the  annals  of  the  town.    It 
has  been   known  for  years  as  the  "  Printer's  Cor- 
ner," and  has  been  the  headquarters  of  the  German 
newspapers  in    this    city.      The   building   is   now 
covering  the  plant  of  Charles  Wolber  &  Co.,  who 
are  well  known  Newarkers  engaged  in  the  German 
and  English  printing  trade  and  the  manufacture  of 
badges  in  all  the  various  styles.     Although  the  firm 
is  located  at  that  corner  but  a  short  time  they  have 
been  known  in  the  printing  trade  during  the  paist 
thirty  years.     Mr.   Wolber,  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm,  was  born  and  educated  in  this  city,  having 
learned  the  printer's  trade  on   the  spot  where  he  is 
now  successfully  conducting  a  business  for  himself. 
He  is  ably    assisted  by   his  partner,   Mr.   August 
Putscher,  an  experienced  and  conscientious  printer, 
who  entered  the  firm  in  June,  1S95,  and  who  has 
been  connected  with  some  of  the  largest  printing 
houses  in  this  city.     These  enterprising   citizens 
devote  their  time  and  talents  to  book,  job,  mercan- 
tile and  society  work  of  every  description,  in  either  the  German 
or  English  languages,  and  make  a  specialty  of  German  printing 
and  translations.     The  firm  also  manufacture  every  description 
of  badges,  buttons   and  all  the  numerous  designs  in  this  parti- 
cular line,  which    has   become   so  numerous  to  society   folks. 
Through  their  prompt   and   courteous  treatment  of  customers 
they  are  rapidly  coming  to  the  front  rank  in  their  line  of  trade. 
The  jobbing  department  of  Charles  Wolber  &   Co.,  is  one  of 
the  most  complete  of  its  size  and  kind  in   the  city,  and  it  is  an 
undeniable  fact  that  the  members  of  the  firm  are  alive  to  the 
procuring  of  all  the  newest  styles  and  latest  designs  in  the  pro- 
fession ;  being  practical  mechanics  themselves,  they  employ  the 
most  skillful  workmen  and  thus  secure  the  good   will  of  their 
many  patrons.     Their  facilities  are  such  as  to  meet  any  demand 
that  may  be  made  upon  them  for  the  rapid  and  handsome  com- 
pletion of  all   work  intrusted  to  them  and   their  rapid  advance 


COR.  MARKET  AND  WASHINiriON  .SIS.,   I'RIN  TING  PLANT  C.  WOLBER  &  CO. 


CHARLES    WOLBEk. 


fro)ii  that  slow  and  imperfect  printing  machinery  to  the  presses 
which  enable  thinn  to  turn  off  the  finest  of  the  jirocess 
half-tone  work,  fitly  characterizes  the  progress  made  by 
these  wide-awake  mechanics  in  their  jobbing  department.  The 
members  of  the  firin  are  prominently  identified  with  many  of 
the  leading  German  and  English  associations  which  are  a  credit 
to  the  city  of  Newark. 

The  firm  of  Wolber  &  Co.  was  established  at  No.  62  Spring- 
field avenue,  about  four  years  ago,  at  the  beginning  of  the 
present  business  depression,  in  the  basement,  a  small  room  of 
which  was  used  covering  a  space  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
square  feet,  and  although  the  firm  has  had  much  sharp  compe- 
tition to  contend  with,  the  business  has  steadily  increased  to 
such  an  e.xtent  that  the  enterprising  firm  was  compelled  to 
enlarge  their  plant.  New  quarters  were  found  on  the  first  fioor 
in  the  same  building,   having  one-half  of  the  fioor  space,  and 

si.x  months  later   it   was  necessary 

to   occupy    all,   having    about    five 

hundred  square  feet  of  room.  Thus 

it  grew  until   March  I,  1897,  when 

the  plant  was  removed  to   No.  82 

Market  street,  corner  Washington, 

where  it  has  ample  room  to  meet 

all  requirements  for  some  time  to 

come.     The  manufacture  of  badges 

has  become  an   important  industry 

in    connection    with    the    printer's 

calling  of  late  years,  and  Messrs. 

Wolber  &   Co.  are  alive  and  wide- 
awake in  this  branch  of  the  trade, 

having    added  a    model    and   well 

equipped  badge  department  to  their 

business  by  which  they  are  enabled 

to  turn  out  promptly  anything  in 

the   line  and   on  tlie  most  reason- 
able   terms.      The    firm    make    a 

specialty  of  translations  in  German 

or  English,  and  in  this  particular  is 

one   of   the     few    printing   houses 

located  in  this  city. 


AUGtSr    PUTSCHEK. 


174  ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 

DRAKE  &  CO.,  PATENT  ATTORNEYS. 

NEWARK  has  long  been  noted  all  over  the  world  as 
the  home  of  men  who  were  endowed  with  inven- 
tive genius  and  whose  unselfish  achievement  in  mechani- 
cal skill  have  in  a  large  degree  contributed  to  the  com- 
forts, pleasures  and  advantages  of  humanity.  The 
stimulus  that  has  caused  inventors  to  perfect  their  ideas 
has  been  the  wise  and  encouraging  patent  laws  of  the 
United  States  and  other  countries  granting  protection  to 
the  inventor  whereby  he  may  reap  a  just  reward.  Patent 
laws  prevail  in  all  Li\  ilized  countries,  and  it  l)ehoove^ 
an  inventor,  if  he  would  not  see  others  profit  by  his 
ingenuity,  that  he  be  careful  to  secure  protection  for  his 
production  in  all  countries,  or  in  the  more  important  of 
them.  It  is  true  that  the  patent  laws  of  all  countries  are 
different,  so  that  it  becomes  a  difficult  matter  to  know  how 
to  set  about  obtaining  patents  abroad.  In  this  connec- 
tion we  take  pleasure  in  placing  before  the  readers  ul 
this  illustrated  souvenir  of  Essex  County,  the  name  of 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  honored  patent  agencies  in 
the  city  of  Newark,  Drake  &  Co.,  patent  attorneys, 
located  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Broad  and  Market 
streets.  In  the  illustrations  presented  on  this  page,  life- 
like photos  of  the  gentlemen  under  consideration  and 
their  office  is  shown.     The  firm   is  in   possession  of  the 

fullest  details  of  all  foreign  and  domestic  laws  relatin;4 

to  patents,  and  are  fully  able  to   advise   in  all   matters 

pertaining  to  the   same.     During  the   past  thirty-three 

years  this   firm   have  ably    represented  the  citizens  of 

Newark,  N.  J.,  and  its  suburbs,  before  the  United  States 

Patent  Office,  at   Washington,  D.  C,     As  attorneys  and 

solicitors  of  American  and  foreign  patents,  and  as  ex- 
perts in   patent  causes,  this  firm  have  an  established  reputation 

and  the  most  extensive  practice  of  any  others  in  their  profession 

in  the  State  of  New  Jersey.    The  late  senior  member  of  the  firm, 

Mr.  Oliver  Drake,  established  himself  here  in  the  practice  of  his 

profession    in    1S64,  and    in    1879   the     firm  was    re-organized 

by   the  admission  to  partnership  of  Mr.  Charles   H.   Pell,  who 

conducts  the  affairs  of  the  agency  since  the  death  of  Mr.  Drake, 

which  occurred    in  1S96.      No    firm    stands   better  before  the 

United  States   Patent  Office,    or  can   secure  fairer  treatment  by 

its  officials.     The  importance  which  attaches  to  the  patenting  of 


COK.  HRDAIJ  .\NU  M.\KHKf    S  TS.  —  DRAKE  A  CD.  S  I'.Al'ENT  OFIICE. 


inventions  in  this   country  is   evidenced   by  the  fact  that  durin 
the  existence  of  this  firm  the  number  of  patents  issued  by  ti 
U.  S.  Patent  Office  has  increased  from  about  41,000  in  1864,  to 
570,000  at   the   present   time,  Feb.  23,   1S97,  and   New  Jersey 
stands  near  the  head  of  the   list   in   respect   to  the  number  of 
inventors  and  patentees. 

The  firm  are  recognized  as  able,  scientific  and  successful 
attorneys  and  experts,  and  possess  every  possible  facility  for 
conducting  every  branch  of  patent  law  under  the  most  favorable 
auspices  and  upon  the  most  satisfactory  terms.     Their  practice 


«^   t^ 


OLIVKR   DKAKE    (DECEASED) 


relates  to  the  preparation  of  specifications 
and  drawings,  to  the  making  of  prelimi- 
nary examinations  as  to  the  patentability 
of  an  invention,  and  to  the  preparation 
and  filing  of  applications  for  patents,  re- 
issues, designs,  trademarks  and  labels, 
and  to  every  item  of  service  necessary  to 
the  successful  prosecution  of  the  inven- 
tor's application  down  to  the  time  the 
patent  is  granted  and  issued  by  the  oftke. 
They  have  clients  in  all  i)arts  of  the 
United  States,  and  many  of  the  leading 
manufacturers  of  Newark  em])loy  their 
services  exclusively.  Mr.  Pell  was  born 
in  New  York,  is  popular  with  all  and 
greatly  interests  himself  in  the  general 
public  interests  of  the  city,  aiul  through 
his  efforts,  largely,  the  new  puljlic  (larks 
in  Essex  County  have  been  secured. 
Before  his  death,  Mr.  Drake  held  the 
esteem  of  a  large  circle  of  friends,  who 
have  deeply  mourned  his  loss. 


CH.VKLES    H.    I'ELL. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 

EDWARD  WESTON. 


THE  introduction  of  the  dynamo  electrical  machine  for  electro- 
plating, electro-typing  and  similar  classes  of  work  revolu- 
tionized the  art  of  depositing  metals  and  effected  an  immense 
annual  saving  in  time  and  material,  concomitant  with  the  work- 
on  these  machines  for  electroplating  and  electrotyping.  Mr. 
Weston  carried  on  his  investigation  on  machines  and  apparatus 
for  the  electrical  transmission  of  power  and  for  electric  lighting, 
and  puisued  the  work  with  an  ardor  and  earnestness  which 
seems  almost  incredible,  and  under  circumstances  which  would 
discourage  most  men.  Not  one  of  the  men  associated  with  him 
had  any  confidence  in  the  future  of  the  great  art  which  has  since 
sprung  up  fiom  his  and  the  few  other  earnest  workers  engaged 
in  the  same  line.  The  business  men  considered  most  of  his 
schemes  chimerical,  but  he  stuck  to  his  woik  with  a  determina- 
tion and  persistence  which  was  remarkable,  and  his  confidence 
has  been  abundantly  justified  by  the  results. 

One  of  the  most  serious  difficulties  met  with  in  the  early 
stages  of  the  work  on  dynamo  machines  was  the  great  loss  of 
energy  in  the  machine,  and  the  great  amount  of  heat  caused  by 
the  loss.  Mr.  Weston  carefully  studied  all  the  sources  of  loss 
in  machines,  and  by  introducing  entirely  new  features,  was  able 
to  reduce  the  loss  to  an  infinitesimal  amouut,  and  thus  produce 
machines  which  gave  back  nearly  all  the  energy  expended  in 
driving  them  in  electrical  energy  for  useful  work.  The  types  of 
machines  known  before  his  time  gave  from  twenty-five  to  fifty 
percent,  of  the  energy  in  the  useful  work,  the  rest  of  the  energy 
being  wasted  in  the  production  '  of  injurious  heating  of  the 
machine.  Mr.  Weston,  in  1873,  changed  all  this  and  succeeded 
in  building  machines  which  gave  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  energy 


1T5 


I'RIV.ATE  LABOR.'^TORY  OF  EDWARD  WESTON,  HIGH  .STREET. 


expended  in  driving  them,  and  by  further  in\-estigations  later  on  succeeded  in  raising  the  efficiency  until  it  reached  ninety-seven  per 
cent.  But  this  saving  of  energy  was  not  the  only  result  secured  by  his  work.  The  saving  of  energy  meant  the  absence  of  serious 
heating  of  the  machines  and  consequently  decreased  liability  of  injury  to  the  insulation,  and  also  meant  that  vastly  more  mechanical 
energy  could  be  transformed  into  electrical  energy  by  a  machine  of  a  given  size.  In  this  way  the  cost  of  a  machine  for  a  given  power 
of  conversion  was  greatly  reduced.  Without  these  advances  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  application  of  electricity  to  electric  lighting, 
power  transmissions  and  the  numerous  uses  could  not  have  been  accomplished.  With  the  perfection  of  the  dynamo  machine  its  field 
of  usefulness  became  immense,  aud  Mr.  Weston's  time  was  spent  largely  in  opening  it  up.  He  attacked  the  problem  of  arc  lighting 
froin  various  standpoints  and  invented  and  perfected  numerous  devices  for  the  production  of  arc  lights,  and  for  the  measurement  of 
the  current  and  the  distribution  of  the  same.     He  was  the  first  to  make  and  use  the  copper  coated  carbon  so  extensively  employed  in 

arc  lighting,  and  was  the  first  to  master  the  difficulties  of  making 
carbons,  and  it  was  in  Newark  that  the  first  successful  carbon  factory 
was  established.  To  make  satisfactory  carbons  for  arc  lights  was  at 
first  no  easy  matter,  and  a  vast  amount  of  experimental  work  and 
thoughtful  study  was  needed  before  the  difficulties  were  overcome. 
Special  machinery  had  to  be  designed  to  grind  and  mix  and  mold  the 
material  and  a  great  deal  of  work  had  to  be  done  to  find  the  most 
suitable  material  with  which  to  bind  the  particles  of  carbon  together, 
and  produce  suitable  sticks  for  use  in  the  lamps.  These  difficulties 
were  all  overcome  and  a  vast  industry  has  been  established  in  this  line 
alone.  The  methods  and  machinery  now  employed  by  the  various 
large  establishments  in  this  country  engaged  in  the  work  of  manufac- 
turing carbons  were  first  worked  out  by  Edward  Weston. 

In  the  transmission  of  power  by  electricity  Mr.  Weston  was  very 
early  engaged,  and  in  the  old  Synagogue,  machines  for  the  purpose 
could  be  seen  delivering  several  horse  powers  as  early  as  1877,  with 
a  degree  of  efficiency  which  has  never  been  surpassed. 

In  the  line  of  incandescent  lighting  Mr.  Weston  shares  with  Edison 
and  Swan  the  honors  of  much  useful  work.  He  attacked  the  problem 
long  before  Edison,  and  by  his  process  of  treating  carbons  by  electri- 
city in  the  presence  of  hydro-carbon  fluids,  gases  or  vapor,  overcome 
one  of  the  rrost  serious  obstacles  to  the  perfection  and  introduction  of 
the  incandescent  lamp,  and  by  numerous  other  inventions  contributed 
in  no  small  degree  to  the  development  of  these  branches  of  electric 
lighting.  The  record  of  his  work  in  these  and  numerous  other  fields 
EiJ\v\RD  WESTo.N.  is  found  at  Washington  where  nearly  400  patents  have  been  issued. 


176 


ESSEX  COimTW  N.  /,  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE     STATE    BANKING 
COMPANY. 

THERE  arc.  during  business 
hours,  few  among  our 
sound  financial  institutions  more 
busily  engaged  in  the  work  of 
receiving  and  paying  out  money, 
than  the  State  Banking  Institu- 
tion, located  on  the  corner  of 
Market  and  Halsey  streets.  \Vi 
do  not  wish  to  be  understood  in 
making  this  statement  that  largt  i 
sums  of  money  are  handled, 
deposited  or  drawn,  but  th,i! 
more  people  are  going  out  an>l 
in  its  wide  open  door  during  the 
same  time,  transacting  banking 
business.  Among  the  officers 
of  the  bank,  or  more  particu- 
larly speaking,  that  portion  of 
them  who  come  in  direct  con- 
tact with  the  customers,  ai' 
without  doubt  as  large  or  ,i 
larger  percent  of  polite,  affal)K. 
forbearing  and  painstaking  men 
as  are  found  engaged  in  a  simi- 
lar capacity  in  any  other  one  of 
our  local  banks.  We  wouldn't 
have  it  understood  that  there 
are  any  disagreeable  men  in  any 

of  our  banking  institutions.  This  conduct  on  the  part  of 
clerks  and  officials  has  its  effect  and  does  its  part,  and  adds  to 
tile  popularity  of  the  bank  and  the  increase  of  its  business.  The 
building  in  which  the  beautiful  and  convenient  banking  rooms 
are  established,  is  not  more  imposing  than  others  of  our  banks, 
its  architectural  merits  resting  on  banking  rooms  alone.     If  the 


JULIUS    STAHFF,   CASHIER. 


INJ'ERIOR   VIEW    STATE    BANKING   C(-l. 


reader  is  not  a  patron  of  the  bank  it  would  be  well  worth  his 
while  to  step   in  and  take  a  look  at  their  model  room.     Just  at 
the  right  of  the  entrance  will   be  found  the  comfortable  offices 
of  Julius  Stapff,  cashier,  and  William  Scheerer,  assistant  cashier, 
who  will  be  glad  to  show  the  caller  such  attentions  as  might  be 
sought    for.      Edward     Shickhaus,    the   president,   and   Judge 
Gottfried  Kreuger,  vice  president,  will  always  be  glad  to  see  and  wel- 
come friends  or  strangers  who  call  for  profit  or  pleasure,  both  of  which 
can  be  reached  in  meeting  either  in  their  snug  parlors,  and  the  former 
by  opening  an   account  with   this  abundantly  safe  bank  over  which 
they  preside. 

The  robust  and  hearty  good  natured  Judge  of  the  State  Court  of 
Errors  and  Appeals,  one  of  Newark's  multi-millionaires,  is  one  of 
those  generous,  great  hearted  Germans,  among  our  fortunate  German 
fellow  citizens,  with  whom  to  meet  is  a  lasting  treat. 

The  State  Banking  Company  is  peculiarly  a  State  institution  and  was 
organized  in  1871,  under  the  State  Banking  Laws  and  is  now  the  only 
bank  outside  the  national  household.  The  heivier  part  of  the  capital 
is  held  by  our  German  fellow-citizens  and  the  greater  number  of  her 
patrons  have  a  warm  place  in  their  affections  for  the  Fatherland.  As 
about  one-fifth  of  the  people  of  Newark  are  of  German  descent  it  will 
quite  readily  be  seen  what  smooth  sailing  a  bank  like  this  will  have. 
Starting  off  with  a  capital  of  §100.°°°.  i'  didn't  take  long  to  build  up 
and  hold  the  elegant  business  it  was  and  is  sure  to  command.  No 
word  we  can  write  about  this  or  any  other  bank  doing  business  in 
the  County  of  Essex  can  be  amiss,  providing  it  is  well  meant  for  an 
applaud  of  its  business  methods  or  in  declaration  of  its  strength  and 
honor.  In  conclusion,  if  one  thing  more  than  another  has  added  to 
the  strength,  it  can  readily  be  found  in  its  well-to-do  body  of  directors, 
each  one  of  whom  has  his  foundations  in  unencumbered  real  estate 
and  solid  cash.  That  genial  good  heartedness  which  pervades  the 
founders,  sustainers,  managers  and  conductors,  throws  a  halo  of 
strength  and  honor  all  over  and  around  it  and  gives  to  all  an  abund- 
ance of  faith  in  its  firmness  and  solidity. 


INDUSTRIES  OF  ESSEX  COUNTY, 


T  has  already  been  stated  that  the 
settlers  of  Newark  were  not  me- 
chanics or  manufacturers,  but  farm- 
ers. Naturally,  therefore,  their  first 
concern  was  the  soil  and  the  support 
and  maintainance  which  it  might  be 
made  to  yield.  It  may  very  readily 
be  comprehended  that  theirs  was 
not  a  very  fierce  struggle,  with  the  rich  virgin  soil, 
which  to  yield  its  abundant  increase,  needed  but 
tlie  asking.  But  what  with  the  labor  of  making 
their  clearings,  building  their  dwellings,  and  doing 
the  thousand  and  one  things  incident  to  the  pursuit 
of  agriculture  in  a  new  country,  the  settlers  had  no 
time  to  think  of  other  labors,  much  less  to  bestow 
upon  them.  Accordingly,  only  such  industries  were 
thought  of  as  actually  pressed  themselves  upon  the 
attention  of  the  busy  planters.  Naturally,  the  first 
of  these  to  reveal  its  necessity  in  an  isolated  farm- 
ing community,  was,  when  the  grain  had  been 
garnered  in,  a  grist  mill. 

Accordingly,  we  find  that  at  a  Town  Meeting  held  March  9, 
1668-69,  this  resolution  was  adopted  : 

"  Item.  The  Town  saw  Cause  for  the  incouragement  of  any 
amongst  them  that  would  Build  and  Maintain  a  Good  Mill,  for 
the  supply  of  the    Town   with    Good  Grinding.  To    offer   and 


OLD    SYNAGOCUE   ON    WASHINGTON    STREET 
WHERE  K]RST  UYNAIIO  WAS  MADE. 


fHE   01, D    lACrORV    WHERE   SF.TH    liOVnEN    INVENTED    AND 
FIRST   PRODUCED   MALLEABLE   IRON. 

Tender  freely  the  Timber  Prepared  for  that  use,  Twenty  Pounds 
Current  Pay,  and  the  .Accommodations  Formerly  Granted 
Belonging  to  the  mill,  vi^.:  18  .Acres  of  upl.ind  and  6  of  meadow, 
with  the  only  Liberty  and  |)rivilege  of  P.uilding  a  Mill  on  yt 
ISrook;  which  motion  was  left  to  the  Consideration  of  the 
Town  Be  twixt  this  and  the  12th  of  this  Mo.  Current  at  Even, 
and  the  Meeting  is  adjourned  to  that  Time:  And  in  Case 
any  desire  sooner,  or  in  the  mean  Time  to  have  any  further 
Treaty  or  Discourse  about  his  or  iheir  Undertaking  of  the  Mill, 
they  may  repair  to  Mr.  Treat,  Deacon  Ward  and  Lieutenant 
.Swain,  to  prepare  any  Agreement  between  the 
Town  and  them." 

Notwithstanding  this    offer  of  the  Town,  whiili 
would   seem  to  have  been  very  liberal  for  thai   tinir, 
no  one   appeared    to  be    willing  to    undertake  the 
work  on  these  terms,  and  we  find  this  record  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  town  meeting   on    the   12th   of 
March.  1668-69  :     "None   appearing   to   accej)!  of 
the  Town's  Motion    and  Encouragement  to    build 
and  maintain  the  mill,  they  agreed  to  set  upon  it  in 
a  general  way,  and  moving  to  Lieut.  Swain  about 
the    matter,    he    made   some   propositions   to  the 
Town,  and  .it  Length  the  Town  agreed  with  him 
for  20S.  by  the  week  or  6  working  days,  and  three 
Pounds  over  for  his  skill,  unless  he  shall  see  Cause 
to  abate  it,  which  if  he  shall  see  cause  to  do,  the 
Town  will  take  it  thankfully,  for  the  which  he  en- 
gaged to  improve  his  Time  and  skill  for  the  best 
advantage  and    carrying  on  to  an  End  the  whole 
Work,  with  all  that  shall  be  implied  by  him  so  far 
as  belongeth  to  his  Art  and  Trade  of  a  Millwright;  as  also  to 
give  his  best  advice  about  the  Uam,  or  leveling  the  Ground,  as 
the  Town  shall  need  him,  and  this  to  be  done  as  soon  as  con- 
veniently he  can  ;  and  the  Town  promiseth  to  help  him    with 
Work  in  part  of  his  pay  as  he  needs  it,  so  many  Day's  Work 


178 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


as  he  WDtks  at  llie  Alill;  ciimnion  Laborers  at  two  shillings  Ijy 
the  Day  and  Carpenlrrs  at  2s.  6il.  the  Day.  *  *  *  Item. 
The  Town  agreed  to  send  some  men  forth  upon  tlie  Discovery, 
to  see  if  they  can  find  any  suitable  Stones  for  Millstones." 

Even  this  agreement,  it  seems,  was  not  sufficient  to  secure 
the  erection  of  the  mill,  which  must  have  been  a  great  under- 
taking for  the  little  community.  Under  date  of  August  24^ 
1670,  appears  this  record  : 

"  The  Town  at  length  Made  a  full  agreement  with  Mr.  Robt. 
Treat  and  Serg't  Rich'd  Harrison  about  the  Building  and  Main- 
taining of  a  .Sufticient  Corn  Mill,  to  be  set  upon  the  Little  Ijrook 
Called  the  Mill  Brook,  with  suitable  Necessary's,  and  making 
the  Damns,  and  all  other  Provisions  Needful  for  and  I5elonging 
to  the  sd  Mill,"  &c.,  ^:c.,  l\;c. 


and  under  Lock  and  I-Cey."  Thus  was  established,  upon 
"  Little  Brook."  whicli  as  long  as  it  e.xisted  bore  the  name  of 
"Mill  Brook,"  the  first  nianufactuiing  mdustry  of  the  little 
town,  the  forerunner,  as  will  be  seen,  of  multitudinous  manu- 
factures which  were  ultimately  to  convert  the  little  agricultural 
hamlet  into  a  great  manufacturing  city. 

The  early  fame  of  the  town,  however,  rested  upon  tin 
quantity  and  quality  of  the  cider  made  and  sold  by  the  good 
people.  Only  seven  years  after  the  first  settlement,  Deputy- 
('■overnor  Kudyard  wrote  to  a  friend  in  London  :  "  At  a  ])lace 
called  Newark,  7  or  8  miles  from  here,  is  made  great  quantities 
of  Cyder  exceeding  any  we  can  have  from  New  England  or 
Rhode  Island  or  Long  Island."  The  following  year  another 
correspondent  wrote,  "  They  made  abundance  of  good  Cyder, 


JEWKLRY    WOKKS    OF    CARTER,    HASTINCS    &    HOWE,    ON    MULIiERRV,    DURANI)    AND    PARK    STRKKTS. 


Under  this  last  agreement  the  great  work  (jf  huildmg  the  mill 
was  at  last  accomplished,  and  the  mill  was  in  operation  the 
following  spring,  as  appears  by  an  enir)  in  the  town  recorils. 
under  date  of  May  23,  1671  : 

"  Item.  Its  agreed  that  the  2nd  day  of  the  week  and  the  6th 
day  of  the  same  week  and  the  Next  Days  if  the  Town  Need, 
and  the  Work  Cannot  be  well  done  on  those  days  that  are 
appointed  and  agreed  upon  by  the  Town  Meeting  and  the 
Owners  of  the  Mill  to  be  their  Grinding  days,  upon  which  d.iys 
the  Miller  is  to  attend  his  Grinding,  and  the  Town  are  to 
bring  tlieir  Grist,  and  the  Miller  promiseth  to  do  his  *  *  * 
*     *     *     as  for  Himself  secure  the  same  until  it  Be  enclosed 


especially  at  one  town  called  Newark,  which  is  esteemed  at 
New  York  and  otiier  pl.ices,  that  it  is  sold  beyond  any  that 
comes  from  New  England." 

But  the  grist-mill  and  cider-mill  did  nut  long  suffice  to  satisfy 
the  enterprise  of  the  worthy  Newarkers.  In  16S0.  a  shoemaker, 
Samuel  Whitehead  by  name,  had  been  permitted  to  settle  in 
the  town,  '■  provided  he  will  supply  the  Town  with  Shoes,  tho' 
for  the  present  we  known  not  of  any  I'lace  of  Land  convenient." 
The  leather  he  used  was  all  brought  from  a  distance,  or  tanneil 
rudely  at  home,  and  this  did  not  long  suit  the  thrift  and  pruil- 
ence  of  the  citizens.  Azariah  Crane  desired  to  establish  a  tan- 
yard  in  the  town,  and  succeeded  in  obtaining  permission  to  do 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


170 


so  in  1698,  this  subject  coining,  as  did  all  olliers.  iDefore  the 
town  meeting,  and  being  passed  upon  by  the  votes  of  all  the 
citizens.  It  is  recorded,  under  ilate  of  April  19,  169S,  that  "  It 
is  voted  that  Tlionias  Hayse.  Joseph  Harrison,  Jasper  Crane 
and  Matthew  Canfield  shall  view  whether  Azariali  Crane  may 
have  Land  for  a  Tan-Yard,  at  the  Front  of  John  Plum's  home 
Lott,  out  of  the  Common  ;  and  in  case  the  Men  above-men- 
tioned agree  that  Azariah  Crane  shall  have  the  Land,  he,  the 
said  Azariah  Crane,  shall  enjoy  it  so  long  as  he  doth  follow  the 
trade  of  Tanning." 

Az.-uiah  got  his  land  and  his  tannery  was  established  at  once, 
and  the  trade  in  leather  and  shoes  was  thus  early  established  on 
a  firm  foundalion.     Its  growth  was  necessarily  slow,  but  it  was 


Never,  perhaps,  were  pioneers  better  equippeil  to  establish  a 
permanent  anil  prosperous  settlement  than  these  pious  founders 
of  Newark.  Not  with  mechanical  appliances  to  make  labor 
easy  or  dispense  wiili  it  alltogether,  or  with  wealth  to  |)urchase 
the  Labor  of  others,  but  with  those  strong  manly  (|ualities  which 
insure,  because  (hey  conquer,  success.  Health,  energy,  courage, 
industry,  patience,  perseverance  ;  with  these  qualities  failure  is 
'mpossible,  success  a  certainty.  It  adds  to  the  glory  of  these 
men,  that  although  their  religious  feelings  were  deep  and  strong, 
and  their  religious  jirejudlce  no  doubt  intense,  yet  they  either 
knew  not  or  had  overcome  the  passion  for  persecution.  While 
they  required  every  one  desiring  to  join  their  colony  to  subscribe 
to  their  '•  fundamental  agreements,"  yet  they  sought  to  punish 


JKWELRV    WORK.S    OF    KKK.MENl'Z    i    CO.,    COk.    MULBKKkV    .\ND    CHESTNUT    STKEET.S. 


Steady  and  sure,  and  ere  long  it  became  the  staple  industry  of 
the  town. 

There  were  not  wanting  other  craftsmen  in  the  town  sufficient 
to  supply  the  immediate  necessities  of  an  agricultural  com- 
munity. Thomas  Pierson  and  Benjamin  Baldwin  were  weavers, 
John  Ward  was  a  "  Turner,"  which  no  doubt  included  cabinet- 
making  and  joining ;  many,  indeed,  of  the  original  settlers 
joining  some  handicraft  to  their  agricultural  pursuits.  All  the 
casks  and  barrels,  for  the  cider  made  in  the  town,  seem  to  have 
been  made  by  the  planters  themselves,  and  so  great  was  the 
demand  for  them,  that  as  early  as  1669,  it  was  necessary  to  pro- 
hibit their  sale  e.\cept  "  for  the  use  of  the  Town."  This,  by  the 
way,  was  doubtless  the  eariliest  embargo  laid  in  any  of  the 
colonies. 


no  one  for  refusing.  And  they  provided  in  .-ulvance  that  where 
the  conduct  or  outspoken  opinions  of  any  settler  should  offend 
the  community,  there  should  be  no  persecution,  pains  or  penal- 
ties, but  simply  that  the  offender  sliould  be  paid  a  fair  price  for 
his  lands  and  remove  from  the  community,  with  whom  he  was 
not  and  never  could  be  in  sympathy  or  accord.  This  was  not, 
of  course,  absolute  freedom  of  opinion  or  of  religion,  but  for 
those  times  and  circumstances,  it  was  a  great  liberality,  as 
unusual  as  it  was  enlightened.  Material  prosperity  could 
scarcely  fail  to  wait  upon  men  possessed  of  the  strong  qualities, 
the  conservative  principles,  the  moderate  teinpers  which  dis- 
tinguished and  ennobled  the  pioneers  of  this  plantation.  And 
there  is  every  evidence  that  from  the  begiuning  the  settlement 
was  prosperous. 


IRQ 


ESSEX  CniXTY,  N.  J..  TLLESTRATED. 


It  is  impossible  to  trace  the  growth  of  tlie  industries  of  the 
infant  town,  as  no  record  seems  to  have  l)een  kept  of 
their  progress  or  increase,  and  no  tigmes  are  availalile  luitil 
ihe  United  States  census  of  1810,  from  wliich  a  statement 
was  compiled  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  showing  the  various  industries  of  the  comity  and  their 
output,  as  follows  : 


It  will  be  seen  from  this  table  that  the  boot  and  shoe  industry 
was  then,  as  it  has  been  for  many  years,  easily  chief  in  the 
county,  and  justified  the  draftsman  of  the  map  of  Newark,  pub- 
lished in  1806,  who  drew  the  elTigy  of  a  shoemaker  in  one 
corner  of  his  map.  According  to  his  statement,  "one-third  of 
the  inhabitants  are  const.inlly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
boots  and  shoes." 


■^ssn^^iat 


Ui 


1^1 


lit 

fill 


Hi 


'Ar^ 


WORKS   Ol'  THE   CRESCENT   WATCH    CASE   COMPANY,   65-S5    NORTH    THIRTEENTH    STREET. 


ARTICLES   OF  MANUFACTURE. 


lilended  and  unnamed  Cloths  and  Stuffs. . 

Woolen  Goods  hi  families 

Lot  uns.  . .  -    

Caiding   Macliines 

Fiilling  Mills 

Drawing  and  Roving  Machines 

Spindles 

Fur  Hats 

liiast  and  Air  Furnaces 

IHoomeries   . . 

Nailei  ies 

Large  Screw,  Steel  Springs,  etc 

Tin  Plate  Works 

Tallow  Candles 

Plating  Manufactories 

Soap         

Leathers,    unnamed    

I'.oois,  Shoes  and  Slippers 

Flix-^eed   Oil 

Distilleries 

Biewcries. 

Carriages 

I'aper  Mills 

Potteries 

Drugs. 

Kookbinderies, 


No.  of 
Factories. 


763 
26 


Product. 


201,836  yds.  I 
43,000     "    j 


26,  r  50  j 

324  tons 
eoj     "    I 

31,3^0  lbs. 


324.775 
1 8, 800 
307.310  gal. 
I    17,600    " 


Valu 


$160,000.00 


78,480  00 
14,272.00 

3.338  00 

3,1  36  00 
15,000.00 
29,250.0c 
11,529.00 
15,000  00 

3,846.00 

31,070.00 

400,000.00 

1 8,800.00 

153,650.00 

6,600.00 
29,500.00 

7,850.00 
27,750.00 
30,000.00 


$1,169,871.00 


The  next  opportunity  for  observing  the  industrial  i^rowih  of 
the  town,  is  found  in  the  town  census  taken  in  1826,  by  Isaac 
Nichols,  assessor.  He  reports  the  number  of  industries  and 
the  industrial  population  as  follows: 

Three  Iron  and  Brass  Founderies,  twelve  workmen  ;  one 
Cotton  Factory,  six  workmen  ;  three  Tin  and  Sheet  ]von  Fact- 
ories, nine  workmen  ;  one  Coach  Spring  Factory,  ten  workmen  ; 
one  Chocolate  and  Mustard  Factory,  eight  workmen ;  one 
Tobacco  Factory,  thirteen  workmen  ;  one  Looking-glass 
Factorv.  four  workmen  ;  one  Soap  and  Candle  Factory,  four 
workmen  ;  one  Eastern  Pottery,  three  workmen  ;  one  Rope 
Walk,  two  workmen. 

Besides  these,  three  Distilleries,  two  Breweries  and  two  Grist 
Mills.     The  number  of  hands  employed  not  given. 

All  those  emploved  in  trades  and  other  branches  are  enumer- 
ated as  follows  : 

Shoe-makers,  685;  Carriage-makers,  64  ;  Carriage-trimmers. 
48  ;  Carriage-painters,  21  ;  Carriage-smiths,  77  ;  Carpenters,  89  : 
Chair-makers,  79;     Hatters,    70;    Curriers,  61;    Sadfllers,  57; 


FREDERICK    IIEI.I.liK,    (llKCR ASF.n.; 


Common  Council.  The  rapid  growth  of  the  tow  n  in  th 
ceeding  ten  years,  was  shown  l)y  the  enumeration  of  the  popu- 
lation at  this  census,  at  ig.732,  an  increase  of  almost  1 50  per 
cent.  In  connection  with  this  census,  Dr.  Jabez  G.  Goljle  pre- 
pared the  following  exhibit  of  the  industries  of  the  city,  number 
employed,  and  value  of  product,  which  he  says,  "  it  is  believcfl 
to  be  essentially  correct,"  and  "will  exiiibit  a  general  view  of 
the  business  of  the  city,  the  greater  portion  of  wliich  consists 
of  its  own  manufactured  articles." 

rSoot  and  Shoe  Manufacturers,  754,  §1,523,000.  This  branch 
of  trade  has  always  been  very  extensive;  Hat  Manufacturers, 
6to,  $1,055,000;  Carriages  of  every  description  omnibuses, 
railroad  cars,  &c.,  897,  $1,002,000.  Some  of  these  establish- 
ments are  very  large;  Saddles,  harness,  whips,  .X:c.,  590, 
$885,500;  Clothing  business — manufactured  for  southern 
markets,  1,591,  $840,000 ;  Tanning  and  Currying,  150,  $899,200. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


Masons,  46 ;  Coach  Lace  Weavers, 
36;  Cabinet-makers,  35;  Tailors,  35; 
Jewelers,  22;  lilacksmiths,  19;  Plane- 
makers,  17  ;  Tanners,  17;  Silver  Plat- 
ers, 1  5  ;  Bakers,  i  5  ;  Carters,  I  2  ;  Sad- 
dle-Tree-makers,  12;  House  Painters 
and  Glaziers,  10  ;  Wagon-workers,  8  ; 
Trunk-makers,  7;  Coopers.  7  ;  Stone- 
cutters, 6  :  I.ast-niakers,  6;  Ikitchers, 
5:  I'ldugh-makers,  4;  Pmnp-makers. 
I;  Morocco  Dressers,  3;  P>rush- 
makers,  3;  Gunsmitlis,  2  ;  Watch  and 
Clock  Makers,  2  ;  Tallow  Chandlers, 
I  ;  Lock-makers,  1  ;   Printers,  7. 

Mr.  Nichols  enumerated  the  popul.i- 
lion  of  the  town  as  S,ot7,  and  it  will 
be  seen  from  this  table  that  .ibout 
1.700,  o]-  mo)f  than  twenty  per  cent  of 
the  whole  number  were  actively  en- 
gaged in  manual  labor,  speaking  well 
for  the  industry  and  thrift  of  the  com- 
munitv. 

In  1S36,  the  year  of  the  incorpor- 
ation of  the  town  as  a  city,  a  census 
w.is  taken  by  the  direction  of  the 
pre- 


ISl 


(VIJUS    CCKkll-.K    (111' 


The  ])rincipal  portion  of  this  business  is  done  in  the  swamps  in 
Market  .Street  ;  Coach-axles  springs,  door-locks,  brass  mount- 
ings, S;c..  220.  $250,000;  Coach-lace,  tassels,  fringe,  iS:c.,  112, 
$So,ooo;  Oil-silk,  patent  leather,  malleable  iron,  every  variety 
of  casting  used  by  coach-makers,  machinists,  &c  ,  125,  §225,060. 
The  collection  consists  of  more  than  1  ,o<io  plain  and  orna- 
mental patterns  now  in  use;  Cabinet-makers,  [45,  $iSo,ooo; 
Jewelry-makers,  100,  $225,000  ;  Trunk  and  Chair-makers,  106. 
$90,000;  SiUerplating.  too,  $100,000  ;  Sash  and  Blind-makers, 
107,  $70,000;  Coal  trade,  $200,000.  This  business  lias  been 
extensive  the  past  year.  All  other  manufacturers,  comprising 
many  different  branches,  m.iy  be  fairly  estimated  at  $500,000, 
making  a  total  value  of  !|;8,i  24.790. 

In  1861,  the  v.ilue  nf  the  manufactured  products  of  the  city 
had  swelled  to  the  sum  of  over  $23. 000.000.  The  Civil  War 
scarcely  interrupted  the  industrial  activity  and  prosperity  of  tlie 


\-. 


JOH.N    lOLEK,    (IJtCE.^SED) 


city,  which  was  kept  busy 
(luring  the  entire  period  of 
its  continuance,  in  manufact- 
uring for  the  Union  armies, 
small  arms,  accoutrements, 
saddlery,  harness,  clothing, 
iXc,  &c.  But  the  close  of 
the  war  witnessed  a  wonder- 
ful increase  of  prosperity,  and 
the  growth  of  the  city's  man- 
ufactures was  marvelous, 
both  in  volume  and  variety. 

So  vast  and  varied  became 
the  products  of  the  city, 
that  the  idea  occured  to  A. 
M.  Holbrook  and  a  few- 
other  enterprising  and  far- 
sighteil  citizens,  of  still 
further  advancing  the  city's 
business  and  manufacturing 
interests,  by  giving  an  exhi- 
bition of  all  its  varied  manu- 
factured products.  After  an 
agitation   lasting  some  time, 


.M.    MEYER,   (DECE.-VSED.) 


183 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


the  iilc-a  finally  crystallized  into  action,  and  the  "  Industrial 
Exhihition  "  was  opened  in  the  old  Rink  building-,  on  Washing- 
ton Street,  on  August  20,  1872.  The  exhibit  was  confined 
entirely  to  goods  of  Newark  manufacture,  and  proved  a  com- 
plete triumph  for  its  projectors.  .Six  hundinl  ami  ten  exhibitors 
were  re|)resentrd,  .dthough  no  premiums  h.id  been  offered  and 
no  extra  inducements  held  out  to  ]irevail  upon  them  to  exhibit 
their  products.  The  exhibit  was  a  complete  srn-prise,  not  only 
to  the  city  itself,  but  to  the  entire  country.  Visitors  came 
from  far  and  near,  and  the  President  of  the  Unitetl  States  him- 
self, honored  the  exhiliiiion  wiih  his  presence  and  praise.  Other 
dignitaries  followed  in  his  tr.iin.  .and  no  less  than  130,000  citizens 
thronged  through  its  gates  during  the  fifty-two  days  they  were 
kept  open. 


in  wa.ges,  $26,857,170;  Value  of  materials  used  in  the  manu- 
facturhig  establishments  located  in  Newark,  $46,020,536.  The 
a,ggregate  value  of  all  variety  of  manufactured  goods  produced 
yearly  by  our  factories  and  workshops  is  $93,476,652. 

The  manufacture  of  leather  has,  at  all  times,  ranked  as  one 
of  the  leading  industries  of  the  city,  and  still  holds  a  leading 
position  among  our  important  manufacturing  interests. 

Up  to  1880,  the  output  of  leather  of  all  kinds,  patent, 
enameled,  tanned  and  curried,  entitled  the  city  to  rank  first 
among  the  cities  of  the  Nation,  in  the  value  of  finished  products. 
That  we  still  remain  first  in  this  great  industry,  wdl  be  seen 
from  the  figures  enumerated  from  the  census  returns  of  1890. 
Engaged  in  this  branch  of  industry,  there  are  forty-nine 
establishments,  with  a  capital    of  $4,815,625,  producing  goods 


.\TH.\    .\    hughes'   office    .\MD    W.XREROOMS,   on    SUSSEX    -WEMUE.    BETWEEN    NEWARK    AND    NESIUTT   STREETS. 


In  spite  of  financial  depressions  and  commercial  panics,  the 
city  has  continued,  with  but  slight  interruption,  to  enlarge  its 
industrial  borders  and  multiph  its  products  during  the  past 
twenty-five  years  since  the  holding  of  the  Industrial  Exhibition, 
which  was,  in  1872,  its  wonder  and  its  boast. 

As  the  best  means  of  briefly  presenting  a  review  of  the  lead- 
ing branches  of  manufactures  located  in  the  city  of  New.irk, 
the  following  succinct  statement  embodying  the  principal  det.iils 
of  each,  has  been  prepared  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  from  which 
an  idea  of  their  relative  importance  can  be  obtained  at  a  glance. 

The  census  taken  in  1890  reports  in  totals  the  number  of 
establishments  engaged  in  manufactures  in  the  city  of  Newark 
as  2,490;  Cajiital  invested  in  manufacturing.  $72,675,782; 
Mechanics  and  artisans  employed,  46,848  ;  Total  amount  paid 


annually  to  the  value  of  $8,001,638,  employing  2,413  hands,  and 
paying  $1,599,578  wages  yearly. 

Our  brewing  interests  employ  a  capital  of  $5,490,473,  .giving 
work  to  927  men,  |)aying  in  wages  $955,395,  and  turning  out 
products  annually  to  a  value  of  $6,901,297. 

The  manufacture  of  jewelry  is  cairied  on  extensively  in  the 
city.  The  seventy  jewelry  and  four  watch-case  establishments 
h.ive  a  combined  capital  of  $4,591,372,  employ  2,280  hands, 
whose  .iniui.d  wages  amount  to  !ji, 598. 288,  and  by  their  com- 
bined efforts,  goods  valued  at  $5,636,084  are  produced.  The 
artistic  merit  and  workmanship  of  the  jewelry  manufactured  in 
Newark  have  won  a  reputation  for  this  branch  of  our  industry 
et|ual  to  the  best. 

For  more  than  half  a  century,  the  hatshops  of  our  city  have 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


183 


^ 

r  - 

<^  m' 

? 

Cm 

■^  1^ 

^m^ 

'-«?■ 

\ 

DAVID    Kll'LEY,    (DECKASED  ) 


tuiiiLil  out  yearly,  goods 
valued  ;it  more  than 
$2,000,000.  The  report 
for  1890  enumerates  a 
total  of  fifty  eslablish- 
meiits  in  this  branch  of 
industry,  employing  a 
capital  of  $1,808,444,  furn- 
ishing employment  to 
3,079  Iiands,  paying  in 
wages  $1,542,082.  and 
turning  out  a  total  product 
valued  at  $3,719,264. 

No  branch  of  industry 
is  of  more  importance  to 
the  growth  and  progress 
of  manufacturing  in  a 
city,  than  its  machine 
shops  and  foundries.  It 
is  of  vast  importance  to 
be  able  to  have  within 
call  men  skilled  in  mech- 
anism, and  to  this  advan- 
tage can  be  attributed  one 


*^'%\ 

J    -^W^ 

H?^*' 

/ 

of  the  primary  reasons  that  lias  induced  manufacturers  to  locate 
in  Newark.  It  is  hardly  saying  too  much  when  we  claim  that 
in  the  seventy-four  machine  shops  and  foundries  operating  in 
our  city,  are  to  be  found  among  the  2,276  artisans  and 
mechanics,  men  whose  craft  and  skill  can  produce  any  piece  of 
machinery,  no  matter  how  intricate,  that  may  be  required. 
The  capital  invested  in  this,  the  fifth  largest  manufacturing 
interest  in  the  city,  is  $3  724.303.  Total  amount  of  wages  paid 
yearly,  $1,418,646,  and  the  value  of  the  finished  product  for  the 
same  period,  for  the  year  1890,  was  $2,360,248. 

The  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  began  with  the  founding 
of  the  town,  and  has  grown  in  proportion  with  its  growth.  ()ur 
early  records  show  that,  in  this  line  of  trade,  we  had  achieved 
considerable  renown. 

We  have  not  lost  any  prestige,  but  with  steady  strides,  our 
manufacturers  have  extended  their  trade  and  reputation. 

The  names  of  Banister,  Johnston  X:  Murphy,  P.  Hogan, 
Boyden.   Miller  lK:  Ober,  and  others  of  our  manufacturers,  are 


GEO.    A.    H.^LSEV,    (DECEASED  ) 

limsh   of    their 


sufficient   guarantee   for  tlie  workmanship  and 
goods  among  the  trade  in  every  section. 

In  all  branches  there  are  120  establishments  whose  combined 
capital  amounts  to  $1,466,481,  giving  work  to  2,059  hands,  pay- 
ing annually  in  wages  $1,042,177,  and  |)roducing  yearly, 
$2,472,618  in  finished  product. 

A  leading  industry  in  all  centres  of  population  is  the  clothing 
interest.  With  Newark  it  is  a  specially  important  one — manu- 
facturing, as  we  do,  all  variety  of  women's  and  men's  wear  for 
home  consumption  and  trade.  A  steady  increase  in  the  volume 
of  business  done  yearly  during  the  past  decade,  indicates  its 
development.  There  are  275  firms  and  individuals  engaged  in 
the  several  lines,  having  a  total  capital  invested,  amounting  to 
$2,354,296,  employing  3,347  male  and  female  operatives,  whose 
wages  aggregate  $1,338,503,  the  finished  products  having  a 
value  of  $3,847,656. 

In  the  hardware  industry,  including  saddlei'y  h.irdware  and 
other   branches,    there    are    tifly-lhiee    est.iblishmenis.    whose 


PATRICK     IIOGAN.    (DECEASED 


capital  aniounls  10  !j;2.o55.45o,  turning  out  .1 
\  early  [iroduct  of  $2,154,085,  paying  in 
wages  to  1,579  Iiands,  the  sum  of  $835,272. 

Newark  has  fourteen  plants  for  the  manu- 
facture of  trunks  and  valises,  employing  a 
capital  amounting  to  $1,339,050,  paying  in 
wages  $666,730,  to  1263  operatives;  the  total 
yearly  products  amounting  to  $1,774,1  13. 

The  manufacture  of  varnish  has,  from  a 
cduiparatively  small  interest,  whose  yearly 
pro<liict  in  i860  was  $347,000,  assumed  a 
veiv  imporlanl  rank  in  the  list  of  leading 
industries  to  be  found  in  Newark.  In  the 
year  given,  the  capital  invested  amounted  to 
$1  55.000,  employing  twenty-four  men.  The 
relurns  for  the  year  1890,  show  eighteen 
firms,  with  a  working  capital  of  $2,209,733^ 
em])loying  196  workmen,  jiaying  $226,557  in 
wages,  consuming  materials  to  the  value  of 
$848,841,  in  the  productions  of  finished 
protlucts  valued  at  $1,887,161. 

Fine  coach  and  carriage  harness  has  been 
one  of  the  leading  features  among  the  varied 


NOAIl    1.    BLA.NCHAKD,    (DECEASED.) 


184 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


industries  of  tliis  city  of  manufacturers  for  several  decades. 
Steady  progress  mail<s  its  history.  The  census  taken  in  1890. 
returiLS  the  total  output  of  finished  products  at  $1,323,635. 
There  are  forty-two  workshops,  having  a  total  capital  invested 
of  $720,854,  and  giving  employment  to  755  workers,  whose 
wages  amount  annually  to  $471,575. 

The  manufacture  of  celluloid  is  peculiarly  a  Newark  industrv. 
Here  the  inventor  of  this  valuable  article  of  commerce  lived  and 
worked.  From  a  crude  beginning,  its  manufacture  has  assumed 
vast  proportions.  Limited  to  a  few  articles  for  personal  and 
household  use  in  its  early  history,  its  scope  has  broadened  to 
such  an  extent  that  to  enumerate  the  list  of  articles  and  uses  to 
which  it  is  now  adapted,  would  fill  a  volume.  This  industry, 
with  its  three  \ast  plants,  taking  in  several  city  sciuares.  gives 
employment  to  659  hands,  paying  annually  to  them  §397,977. 
The    large    capital     nivestcd    111    its     nianufai  ture    in    Newark, 


A  centre  of  manufactures  is  the  natural  home  of  the  chemica' 
industry,  and  in  this  respect  Newark  can  claim  her  fair  share  of 
the  industry.  We  have  ten  plants,  whose  combined  capital 
amounts  to  $1,446,137,  furnishing  labor  to  411  men,  and  paying 
in  wages,  each  twelve  months,  $271,741.  The  product  of  these 
ten  establishments  swells  the  total  value  of  the  manufactures  of 
the  city  by  the  sum  of  $2,236,117,  an  item  in  the  business 
economy  of  the  city  that  counts  for  a  great  deal. 

Another  large  industry  will  be  found  in  the  corset  establish- 
ments located  in  this  city.  There  are  eleven  workshops  manu- 
facturing corsets,  employing  1.6S9  hands,  whose  pay-roll  foots 
up  yearly  $521,033.  The  capital  invested  is  $690,536,  and  the 
product  amounts  to  $i,29f,432  annually. 

The  slaughtering  and  meat  packing  branch  of  commerce  is 
a  large  and  growing  one,  with  fourteen  establishments  carrying 
nn    the    business    done.     Their   combined    capital    amounts  to 


ULIILDING    OF   JOHN     lOLER,    SONS    *    CO..    .AD.\MS    AND    J.ACKSOX    STKEEIS. 


§1.919,818,  will  convey  an  idea  of  its   iinporlnncc.  as  well  as  the 
annu.d   value   of  the  goods   made,  which   in  1890   amounted   to 

$1.721, 773- 

As  an  evidence  of  a  city's  progress,  .a  review  or  summ.uy  of 
its  building  industries  will  be  fovmd  a  valued  and  accurate 
census  of  the  whole.  It  is  gratifying  to  note  the  steadv  increase 
shown  in  this  resiiect  with  reference  to  Newark,  indicating, 
as  it  does  most  positively,  the  rapid  strides  the  city  has  made 
during  the  past  decade. 

The  working  capital  employed  by  the  capenlcring  and 
masom-y  br.anches  and  plumbing  trades,  according  to  the  last 
census  returns,  is  $2,921,402.  This  capital  represents  a  tot.d  of 
357  firms  or  individuals  who  furnish  employment  to  4.403 
mechanics  and  tradesmen,  paying  annually  in  w.iges  the 
magnificent  sum  of  $3,401,735,  the  result  of  their  combined 
labor  being  the  iiroduction  of  property,  yearly,  to  the  value  of 
$8,138,529. 


$594,500,  and  the  annual  product  is  valued  at  §3-666,696.  The 
business,  up  to  a  few  years  since,  was  confined  principally  in 
furnishing  the  supply  necessary  for  home  consumption.  With- 
in the  last  few  years  the  ham  and  bacon  of  Newark  make, 
bearing  the  brand  of  "  I5ailey  "  "Joy"  and  others  have  become 
celebrated,  and  a  steadv  demand  has  been  created. 

Four  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  jilants  produce,  yearly,  a 
linished  product  valued  at  $1.245426.  The  direct  cajiital  in- 
vested in  this  industry  is  $1,394,363.  Employment  is  given  to 
508  operatives,  both  skilled  and  unskilled,  and  $316,137  is  paid 
.innually  in  wages. 

The  extensive  |ilanls  ioc.ited  upon  the  west  bank  of  tl'je 
r.issaic  river  are  an  evidence  of  the  steady  increase  of  business 
in  the  lumber  trade  of  the  citw  The  \i)lume  of  business  done, 
nothwilhstanding  the  serious  depression  of  the  past  three  years, 
testifies  to  the  importance  of  this  branch  of  the  city's  commerce. 
An  a\erage  of  664  carloads  arrived  by  rail  monthly,  a  total  for 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


185 


^~-    '"lf?l(jil'** 


■-■^-^■^., 


\VUKK.S    UK     IHK    NKW    JERSEY    ZINC    \    IRON    WORKS    CO.,    ON    THE    I'ASSAIC    RIVER. 


the  year  of  2,650  cars,  as  follows:  \'ia  the  Pennsylvania,  1.232 
cars;  the  New  Jersey  Central,  452:  the  Delaware  Lacka- 
wanna and  Western,  420;  Erie,  252;  Lehigh  Valley,  200. 
The  receipts  by  water  shipment,  of  which  no  record  has  been 
made,  is  greatly  in  excess  of  what  arrives  by  rail.  In  all. 
there  are  twenty  yards,  employing  a  total  capital  of  §684,181, 
paying  in  wages  to  483  employees,  §339,897,  and  handling 
annually  products  valued  at  §1,123,087. 

Among  other  large  industries  that  give  to  Newark  its  reputa- 
tion as  a  centre  for  manufacturers,  might  be  named  a  few 
whose  magnificent  plants,  would,  if  located  in  some  less  fravored 
city,  give  to  it  a  prominence  in  itself.     .Such  establishments  as 


.\LFKEU    LISTEK,  (DECEASED.) 


the  Balbach  .Smelling  and  Refining  Company,  at  whose  works 
are  turned  out  yearly,  bullion  and  ores  to  the  value  of  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  million  dollars ;  the  Clark  Thread  Company, 
employing  a  capital  of  more  than  §5.000,000,  furnishing  work 
to  upwards  of  1,800  employees;  the  New  Jersey  Zinc  &  Iron 
Company ;  the  Lister  Agricultural  Works,  with  a  capital  of 
§1,000,000.  producing  fertilizers,  etc.,  to  the  value  yearly  of 
§2,000,000. 

In  all  there  are  201  distinct  classes  of  manufacturers  located 
here,  with  a  total  of  2,490  establishments,  divided  into  groups 
comprising  the  various  trades,  as  shown  in  the  table  compiled 
by  the  Census  Bureau  at  Washington,  from  the  returns  received 

for  the  year  1S90.     The  subject  of  a  "Greater  Newark,"  is  engaging   the 

attention  of  many  able  and  far-seeing  men  who  believe  that  the  consolidation 

of  our  city  with  adjacent  cities  and  towns  under  one  municipal  government 

would    increase  the  prosperity  of   all  the    inhabitants.     The   change,  when 

made,  should  embrace  all  the  territory  including  Jersey  City  on  the  east,  the 

Oranges    on     the     west, 

Paterson     on   the    north 

•nul     Elizabeth    on    the 

south. 

Such  a  district  carefully 

tilled  up  with  a  variety  of 

industries  would  become 

distinguished  as  the  most 

advanced  and  prosperous. 

for    manufacturing    pro- 
ducts, in  the  nation.    The 

localities  are  so  numerous 

and    well   chosen,    and 

easily  adapted  to  sanitary 

conduct    o  f     large   and 

profitable  production,  and 

the    close    contiguity    to 

the  largest  markets  of  the 

world  over  its   highways 

of     tide-water    and    sea, 

that  at  a  glance  the  most 

casual     observer    cannot 

fail  to  see  Newark's  great 

advantage.  josei'h  i;ali)uin,  (ueceased.) 


186 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


FINTER   BROTHERS 

NEWyXRK  has  become  notrd  in 
all  the  marts  of  trade  for  tin- 
numerous  industries  carried  on 
within  the  city.  The  manufacture 
of  Britannia  ware  is  an  ancient 
trade  and  a  useful  one  to  man\' 
other  professions.  The  illustration 
shown  on  this  paj^e  represents  one 
of  the  oldest  conducted  Britannia 
plants  in  Essex  County,  now 
carried  on  successfully  tsy  the  sons 
of  the  original  foiuider.  The  pres- 
ent industry  under  consideration, 
was  conuiienced  in  an  humble  way 
by  Mr.  Fred.  F'inter,  in  1S50,  .uid 
is  now  ably  conducted  by  his  sons 
Frederick  H.  and  Robert  Fintcr. 
whose  life-like  photos  appear  .nnoni; 
the  illustrations,  with  th.it  of  their 
lionored  father. 

The  plant  is  located  cor.  Th<inias 
anil  Goble  Streets,  about  si.K  blocks 

below  Chestnut  .Street,  on  the  east  side  of  the  I'cnn.  K.  K. 
For  nearly  half  a  century  the  lirni  h.is  been  m.uiuf.ictutiiiL; 
and  shipping;  to  all  sections  of  the  country,  Britaiuiia  ware  and 
glass  trimmings  of  every  description,  for  gl.iss  manuf.icturers. 
chemists,  perfumers  and  ilruggists.  The  plant  is  admir,d)lv 
titled  up  with  every  improvement  to  meet  the  rei|uiremrnts  of 
the  constantly  increasing  business,  and  the  firm  endeavors  to 
merit  the  confidence  of  their  patrons  by  shipping  the  very  best 
goods  on  the  most  reasonable  terms.  A  complete  siher  and 
nickel  plating  department  has  recently  been  added  to  the  pi. ml, 
enabling  the  firm  to  supply  the  trade  with  goods  made  from 
hard  or  common  metal    silver  or    nickel  plateil  at  the    lowest 


KKIiDERICK    l-INri',K    AND    SONS. 


prices,  and  castings  of  white  Britannia  or  hard  metal  are  made 
for  parlies  doing  their  own  turning  or  having  their  own  moulds. 
The  iiroducts  consist  of  sprinklers  for  licjuid  or  powder,  bitter 
tubes,  bottle  caps,  mustard,  pepper  and  salt  tops,  ink-well 
covers,  syringe  caps  and  fittings,  mucilage  caps,  metal  valves 
for  atomizers  and  syringers.  The  firm  have  a  specialty  in 
bottle  stop|)ers,  and  make  to  order  moulds  from  drawings  or 
explanations.  Their  trade  extends  to  New  York.  Philadelphia, 
Boston.  St.  Louis.  ISaltimore,  Chicago,  and  in  fact,  to  all  the 
princip.d  cities  in  the  United  Sl.iles  and  Canada.  Finter  and 
Brother  are  young  and  energetic  business  men.  who  are  experts 
in  the  Britannia  industry  and  worthy  representatives  of  their  trade. 


te^itqil^^^^Sc 


Works  of  finikr  broiukks,  cornkk   riioM.\s  and  (joislk  stkkkts. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


187 


THE   NEWARK  WATCH   CASE   MATERIAL  CO. 

THK  plant  which  forms  tlie  illustration  presented  on  tliis  page, 
stands  prominently  among  the  industries  which  have  con- 
tributed to  make  Newark  famous  the  world  over.  In  calling 
attention  to  some  of  the  numerous  industrial  pursuits  which  arc 
successfully  conducted  in  the  city,  there  are  few  that  have 
achieved  greater  success  than  the  Newark  Watch  Case  Material 
Co.  This  result,  in  a  large  degree,  is  due  to  the  push  and 
enterprise  of  Alexander  Milne,  the  founder  of  the  stem-wimling 
attachment  now  in  general  use  on  American  made  walciies. 

The  stem  winding  apparatus  which  takes  the  place  of  the 
old  obsolete  key  in  every  American  made  watch,  is  turned 
out  of  Newark  factories.  It  is  not  surprising  that  Newark 
should  hold  the  industrv  of  walch  case  material  manufacturing. 


are  not  averse  to  purchasing  the  surplus  from  Newark's  watch 
case  material  manufactures,  which  carries  w-ith  it  in  the  trade- 
mark it  bears,  the  very  highest  qualities  of  perfection. 

I'rior  to  1874,  when  this  company  had  commenced  to  manu- 
facture these  articles,  they  were  all  imported  direct  from  the 
.Swiss  manufacturers,  as  all  stem-winding  watches  were  made  in 
that  country.  The  president,  Alexander  Milne,  of  this  company- 
being  a  jeweler,  and  wide  .iwake  and  alert,  saw  the  opportunity 
to  start  the  business  here.  His  lirst  move  was  to  associate 
himself  with  a  Swiss  who  h.id  some  practical  experience  in  the 
watch  case  line.  The  necessary  tools  and  costly  machinery, 
which  were  indispensable  adjuncts,  were  soon  collected,  and  it 
was  not  very  long  before  the  case  makers  were  purchasing  their 
stem-winding  crowns  and  other  m-cissarv  material  right  here  at 
home. 


WCIKKS    tlF    THE    NEWARK    W.\TCH    CASE    MATERIAL    CO.,    N.    E.    COR.    MECHANIC    AND    WAKH    STREETS. 


when  she  has  in  the  thousands  of  her  happy  homes,  the  skilled 
artisans  domiciled  so  necessary  to  run  the  machinery,  and 
whose  skilled  hands  handle  the  tools.  It  is  passing  strange  too. 
that  the  writer  shoukl  have  the  opportunity  of  recording  the 
fact,  that  almost  the  entire  product  of  the  watch  case  material 
is  used  up  on  this  side  of  the  ocean,  and  that  the  factories 
engaged  in  this  work  are  concentrated  within  the  corporation 
liinits  of  the  city  of  New-ark,  and  it  naturally  follows,  and  as  a 
matter  of  course  becomes  very  much  of  an  item,  in  the  grand 
intregal  part  of  the  whole  of  her  manufacturing  greatness. 

While  the  output  of  this  great  industrial  establishment  is 
consumed  very  largely  right  here  at  home,  each  one  of  the 
many  necessary  little  articles  having  some  absolute  qualification 
for  meeting  certain  ends  in  the  successful  conduct  of  the  sister 
industry   of  watch  case  makmg,  yet  other  centres  of  industry 


There  was  no  more  going  abroail.  for  the  progressive  spirit 
of  a  thorough-going  Newark  mechanic  had  maile  it  unnecessary, 
through  his  genius  applied.  Although  the  beginnings  were 
sinall,  less  than  a  half  dozen  men  being  employed,  yet  the 
growth  of  the  industry  has  been  phenomenal,  and  the  company 
now  have  in  their  employ  nearly  one  hundred  skilled  mechanics. 

In  the  person  of  W.  S.  Richardson,  the  treasurer  of  the 
company.  President  Milne  has  a  helpmeet  indeed.  His  clear, 
keen  eye  takes  in  at  a  glance  every  move  of  man  or  machine, 
and  his  excellent  judgment  gives  warrant  of  successful  manage- 
ment and  the  best  results.  It  is  plainly  due  to  the  efforts  of 
this  company,  and  especially  to  President  Milne  and  Treasurer 
Richardson,  that  Newark  has  become  the  centre  of  the 
watch  case  manufacturing  industry  of  America.  Fur  years 
they  have  persistently  championed  the  cause. 


1S8 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


C.    M.   RUSSELL. 


NEWARK  as  it  is.  gives  very  few  points  to 
show  what  it  lias  been,  it  ijeinjj  very  largely 
the  grou-th  of  the  last  fifty  years.  Still  there  are  a 
few  buildings  standing  that  go  back  in  their  history 
to  colonial  times,  and  give  a  fair  representation  of 
the  taste  and  ability  of  their  age.  .At  th.it  time 
very  little  aid  was  had  from  trained  architectural 
work,  and  the  pretentious  buildings  of  that  period, 
and  in  fact,  for  a  long  time  after,  were  the  work  of 
skilled  car])enters  or  masons,  ''iieat  credit  is  (Jue 
them  for  what  they  achieved,  and  as  history  repeats 
itself,  so  architecture  returns  once  and  again  to  the 
best  and  most  retlnetl  works  of  other  times.  We 
are  only  sorry  that  this  spirit  and  taste  does  not 
always  hold  true,  for  there  came  a  time  in  the 
history  of  our  city  when  utility  and  the  almighty 
dollar  became  dominant,  and  lu  this  is  due  the 
sameness  and  lack  of  beauty  of  a  large  |5art  of  our 
city.  We  are  only  sorry  that  the  substantiality  of 
the  work  was  not  as  bad  as  the  taste;  in  that  case 
we  might  hope  for  a  new  outlit  for  so  prominent  a 
place  as  the  ( urner  of  Maiket  ami  iJroad  Streets, 
(or  instance.  IJut  to  such  training  as  this  can  be 
traced  the  found.ition  for  the  exceptional  ability  of  the  building 
trades  of  the  city  of  Newark.  Her  architects  are  the  ec|uals  of 
any.  her  building  firms  have  an  unrivalletl  re|)utation.  both  at 
home  and  abroad.  The  fact  that  almost  all  of  the  work  done 
is  by  contract,  |)roves  their  fairness  and  reliability. 

On  this  page  the  illustrations  represent  the  old  and  time 
honored  industry  of  .Mr.  Charles  iM.  Russell,  located  at  Nos.  38 
and  40  Crawford  Street.  Mr.  Russell,  the  proprietor,  is  the 
successor  to  the  firm  of  I'tussell  X:  Sayre,  whose  business  was 
esttiblished  in  1876,  and  continued  uninterrupted  until  1891, 
when  this  successful  partnership  was  dissolved,  Mr.  Sayre  retir- 
ing   to    enter   other    business.     In    this    factory    can    be    seen 


L 


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C.    M.    KISSEI.I.. 


WORKS    OF   C.    M.    RUSSELL,    I^.UILDER,    38    ANI)   40   Cr<AWFORD   STREET. 


the  machinery  that  enables  the  modest  house  of  to-day,  to  be 
finished  far  better  than  costly  niansionsoftimesgone  by.  Almost 
everything  in  the  building  trade  is  here  produced,  work  is  given 
to  a  large  force  of  men,  and  the  facilities  for  trades,  etc.,  equal 
to  any  other. 

In  addition  to  the  necessary  machine  work  for  their  own  busi- 
ness, they  do  all  kinds  of  mill  work,  sash,  blinds,  doors,  mould- 
ings, etc.,  for  the  trade.  Personal  attention  is  given  to  every 
part  of  the  work,  and  a  specialty  is  made  of  odd  furniture,  glass 
fittings,  etc.  At  the  corner  of  Kinney  and  Washington  Streets 
is  the  lumber  yard  anne.x  of  this  lusiness,  where  an  assortment 
of  everything  for  the  retail  trade  is  kept. 

Mr.  Russell  is  a  practical  mechanic  himself,  a  native  of 
]\Iorris  County;  he  came  to  this  citv  at  the  age  of  17.  was  an 
apprentice  in  the  shop  of  Mr.  K/ra  Reeves.  Mr.  E.  R.  Carhuff 
being  foreman  at  the  time.  Just  after  completing  his  apprentice- 
ship, he  with  some  half  dozen  others  of  the  same  shop  enlisted 
in  the  service  of  his  country.  Mr.  Russell  joined  the  old  city 
battalion,  and  spent  some  time  drilling  in  the  old  burying 
ground  under  Captain  Kinney.  He  was  finally  mustered  into 
Co.  K,  Second  Regiment.  New  Jersey  Volunteers.  After  an 
honorable  term  of  three  years  service,  the  survivorsof  this  regiment 
were  mustered  out.  Mr.  Russell  resumed  his  trade. and  aftersev- 
eral  years  was  taken  in  as  partner  by  his  old  employer,  Mr.  Ezra 
I'ieeve.  After  entering  into  business  with  his  ne|)hew,  Mr. 
Sayre.  as  liefore  stated,  extended  their  work  to  all  [larts  of  the 
city  and  country.  Several  fine  churches  and  many  of  the  finest 
residences  were  erected  by  them.  Mr.  Russell  is  a  member  of 
Ciarhcld  Post,  C.  A.  K.,  is  one  who  takes  a  great  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  city,  having  faithfully  represented  his  ward  in 
the  Board  of  Education. 

The  career  of  such  a  man  is  but  a  representation  of  what  our 
.-\merican  citizenship  can  do  for  those  who  are  energetic  and 
enterprising.  The  art  of  building  is  the  oldest  of  all  arts,  and 
while,  perhaps,  not  as  honorable  as  some  of  its  sister  arts,  yet 
it  is  fully  as  imporiant.  The  spirit  of  architecture  has  shaped 
the  destiny  of  nations;  with  its  advance  we  may  see  the 
growth  and  increasing  wealth  of  every  nation  that  fostered  it, 
with  its  decline  how  quick  the  fall.  It  is  largely  educational. 
A  mind  growing  in  an  environment  of  taste  and  refinement  will 
become  an  intelli"ent  citizen. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


189 


WORKS    OF    N.    J.    DKMAREST    &    CO.,    CORNER    LAFAYETTE    STREET    AND    N.    .1.    R.    R.    AVENUE. 


N.  J.    DEMAREST  &  CO. 

H.-VRNESS  and  saddlery  manufacture  in  Newark,  allhough 
of  niagnificenL  proportions  and  volume,  is  not  at  the 
present  day,  in  this  respect,  equal  to  the  days  previous  to,  during, 
and  a  few  years  after  the  war.  In  those  palmy  days  New  York 
city  was  the  great  head  centre  for  merchants  from  all  parts  of 
the  land,  and  Newark  its  great  workshop.  The  Southern 
markets  were  the  acme  of  all  Northern  merchants,  the  West  a 
good  fill-in,  but  a  side  issue.  Cotton  was  King.  To-day,  how 
changed  ;  while  the  productions  in  bulk,  in  the  above  lines,  fail 
seriouslv    to  reach    former  days,  still    the   quality  and   variety 

none    with 


have  materially  improved,  keeping  pace  with  all  advanced  ideas, 
that  the  money  value  of  its  productions  no  doubt  e.\ceed  those 
of  old-fashioned  times,  and  Newaik  still  maintains  its  lead  and 
reputation  as  the  great  head  centre  for  fine  harness  and  saddlery. 
Among  those  of  its  manufacturers  whose  productions  rank 
in  the  very  hightest  order  of  excellence,  may  be  mentioned  the 
the  firm  of  N.  J.  Demarest  &  Co.  The  portraits  of  Mr.  N.  J. 
Demaresl  and  son  Daniel  Demarest,  and  their  factory  on  New 
Jersey  Railroad  Avenue,  Lafayette  and  Bruen  Streets  are  given 
herewith.  It  is  with  pardonable  pride  that  we  are  permitted  to 
speak  in  words  ofVommendation  of  our  many  industries,  and  of 
more     pleasure 


N.    J.    DE.MAREST,    (DECEASED.) 


than  the  manufacture  of 
harness  and  saddlery  and  its 
highly  respected  representa- 
tives, Messrs.  Demarest  & 
Co.,  who  are  now  among 
the  patriarchs  of  the  business 
yet  full  of  that  young  fire, 
energy  and  ambition  that 
never  dies  in  the  good  busi- 
ness man.  During  the 
Franco-Prussian  war,  among 
other  important  contracts  for 
the  same  purpose,  this  firm 
made  and  delivered  artillery 
harness  complete  for  four 
thousand  horses,  in  eleven 
working  days.  This  is  a 
fair  sample  of  the  "  push '' 
that  exists  in  this  city  of 
workshops,  which  has  be- 
come noted  as  the  Birming- 
ham of  America. 


DA.MEL   DEM.\REST. 


1!K) 


ESSEX  COUNrV,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


HELLER  &   BROTHERS. 

ELIAS  Heller,  Senior,  started  the  manufacture  of  files  antl 
rasps,  by  all  hand  work,  in  Newark  in  1S36,  the  trade 
lu-ing  entirely  with  the  ronsuniers  of  the  city  and  live  surround- 
u\g  towns.  The  ]).inir  of  1838  having  compelled  him  to  give 
up  his  business  in  Newark,  he  reiiioved  to  West  Orange,  but 
owing  to  the  remoteness  of  this  place  as  a  business  centre,  and 
the  inability  to  increase  the  business  to  any  extent  while  dealing 
with  the  consumers  e.xclusively,  very  little,  if  any,  progress  was 
made  until  1866,  when  his  three  oldest  sons,  Elias  G.,  I'eter  J. 
and  Lewis  B.  took  hold  of  the  business  and  loi  ated  at  the 
corner  of  Mechanic  and  W.ird  Streets,  Newark,  and  by  their 
energy  and  push  the  business  conuiienced  to  thrive.  They  at 
once  sought  to  increase  the  business  by  soliciting  trade  from 
jobbers  and  dealers  in  the  hardware  trade  through  the  L'nited 
States  and  Canada. 

Thus  at  first  meeting  with  no  end  of  opposition  from  both 
dealer  and  consumer,  as  they  were  prejudiced  against  American 
t'desand  rasps,  claiming  tiiat  home  goods  could  not  be  made  equal 


On  account  of  poor  health,  Peter  J.  was  compelled  to  retire 
from  the  firm  in  1881,  thus  leaving  entire  charge  of  the  business 
on  the  shoulders  of  Elias  G.,  who  sought  assistance  by  taking 
his  two  other  brothers  George  E.  and  John  J.  and  his  brother- 
in-law  Ernest  A.  Geoffroy  in  the  firm,  all  of  whom  had  been  in 
his  em|)loy  for  many  years  previous,  thus  having  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  all  the  varied  details  of  the  business,  and  since 
then  he  has  had  the  assistance  of  his  two  oldest  sons,  Paul  1  . 
and  Arnaud  G. 

In  18S4,  owing  to  their  great  success  with  horse  rasjjs,  the\ 
imdertook  the  manufacture  of  a  high  grade  of  Farriers'  tools 
and  to-day  can  offer  the  most  complete  line  on  the  market. 
The  Heller  &  I'rothers  brand  of  goods  are  considered  thr 
standard,  and  are  now  sold  in  every  city  in  the  United  States, 
as  well  as  exported  to  Canada,  Me_xico,  England,  Russki. 
Ciermany,  Australia  and  other  foreign  countries. 

The  most  tiseful  tool  in  the  world  is  acknowledged  to  be  tlu- 
file,  and  the  ]5urposes  to  which  it  is  adaptable,  embrace  not 
onlv  the  requirements  of  tlie  skilled   mechanic,  but  the  wants  ol 


WORKS   OF    HELLER   &    BROTHERS,   ON   THE    N.    Y.   &    C, 


R.   R.,    M'f.    PROSPECT   AND    VERONA    AVENUES. 


to  the  English  files  and  rasps,  which  at  that  time  had  the  markets 
of  this  country,  but  by  perseverence  and  hard  work  the  firm 
began  to  prosper,  as  the  consumers  realized  the  fact  that  the 
Americans  coidd  make  as  good  files  and  rasps  ns  the  fMiglish 
manufacturers. 

In  1872,  Lewis  B.  withdrew  from  the  firm,  and  in  1S74. 
owing  to  their  limited  (juarlers  thev  removed  to  their  plant  on  the 
N.  Y.  cS:  G.  L.  R.  R.  corner  of  Mt.  Prospect  Avenue  and 
Verona  Avenue,  Newark.  With  the  new  works  and  new  and 
improved  machinery  the  (|uality  of  the  goods  was  still  further 
improved,  but  owing  to  the  fact  that  they  were  compelled  to 
buy  their  steel,  which  at  the  best  was  not  uniform,  they  did  not 
get  as  good  results  as  they  wished  for,  as  first-class  uniform 
steel  is  one  of  the  essentials  in  the  manufacture  of  high-grade  files 
and  rasps,  so  in  1880,  they  erected  a  steel  plant  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  steel  for  their  own  use,  and  now  they  get  the  best  results 
obtainable  in  their  line,  as  shown  by  their  steady  increase  in 
trade  and  universal  reputation. 


almost  every  individual  inhabitant.  In  early  days  crude  files 
were  constructeil  from  the  dried  skin  of  a  peculiar  fish  ;  next 
they  were  made  from  copper  and  used  in  working"  the  soft 
metals  ;  iron  was  next  substituted,  and  this  was  finally  replaced 
by  steel,  which  metal  is  unsurpassed  for  the  purpose.  At  the 
jjresent  time,  fully  ninety  per  cent  of  all  the  files  consumed  are 
not  only  cut,  but  entirely  manufactured  bv  machinery.  The  file 
of  the  present  day,  made  by  machinery,  surpasses  in  every 
respect  those  made  by  the  old  and  less  progressive  method. 

Heller  &  Brothers  manufacture  every  description  of  files  and 
rasps,  running  in  size  from  two  to  thirty  inches,  and  in  grade  of 
cut,  from  twelve  teeth  to  the  inch,  up  to  the  number  so  large 
that  the  teeth  become  so  fine  that  they  are  undetected  by  the 
naked  eye,  yet  will  withstand  the  most  severe  test. 

The  birds-eye  view  of  the  works  illustrating  this  page,  was 
sketched  by  our  fellow-townsman,  C.  Durand  Chapman,  the 
well  known  artist,  and  they  speak  volumes  for  the  determina- 
tion, pluck  and  enterprise  of  Heller  &  Brothers. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


191 


WORKS    OF    ENGELBEROKR    &    MARKHUKN.    CORNER    HOWARD    AND    MERCER    STREETS. 


ENGELBERGER  &   BARKHORN. 

GETTING  right  down  to  solid  facts,  it  will  be  found  that 
among  those  industries  which  tend  most  to  the  main- 
tenance of  the  high  character  which  Newark  is  celebrated  for, 
in  its  buildings  wherein  is  domiciled  the  capitalist  and  work- 
man alike,  is  that  of  door,  sash  and  blind,  frame,  bracket  and 
that  of  general  light  wood-working  as  also  that  of  the  factory 
buildings  which  rear  their  lofty  heads  far  above  their  less  pre- 
tentious neighbors.  This  branch  of  the  wood  working  indus- 
tries carried  on  in  this  city,  must  needs  take  the  lead  of  all 
others,  so  far  at  least  as  its  output  is  designed  for  home  con- 
sumption, unless  we  make  an  exception  of  the  saw  mill  and 
carpentery.  than  to  the  former  must  be  rightfully  awarded  the 
first  place  or  real  initiative,  unless  we  are  permitted  to  follow 
the  woodman  into  the  depths  of  the  fnrest.  to  see  him  bury  the 


bit  of  glittering  steel  into  the  giant  oak,  cloud-sweeping  pine 
or  deep-sighing  hemlock. 

While  there  are  nearly,  or  quite  a  hundred  of  great  establish- 
ments where  the  buzz-saw  and  planers  by  the  score  are  kept 
running  like  the  flash  of  lightning,  and  where  hundreds  of  men 
and  boys  are  kept  busy,  yet  there  never  seems  to  be  an  over 
supply.  All  the  product  from  these  great  establishments 
which  is  not  caught  up  and  consumed  by  the  home  builders, 
finds  a  ready  sale  in  the  markets  of  the  world,  and  indeed, 
quite  a  large  percentage  of  the  output  goes  direct  from  mills  to 
shipboard  for  exportation. 

.Among  the  great  concerns  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
doors,  door  frames,  window  sash  and  frames,  brackets,  moldings, 
etc.,  is  that  of  Engelberger  &  Barkhorn,  who  have  their  plant 
housed  in  the  great  buildings  erected  for  the  purpose  on  the 


FKEO.    ENUELBEKGEK. 


corner  of  Howard  and  Mercer 
Streets,  with  warerooms  at  305,  307 
and  309  Springfield  .Avenue.  The 
beautiful  illustration  here  seen,  gives 
but  an  introduction  to  what  the  con- 
cern in  reality  is.  This  industrial 
business  was  begun  in  the  early 
fifties  by  the  Augster  Bros.,  they 
being  succeeded  by  Engelberger  & 
Barkhorn,  as  now  constituted.  It 
was  in  188 1,  a  little  more  than  a 
decade  of  years  ago,  when  the 
young  firm  with  a  capital  all  told, 
of  less  than  three  thousand  dollars. 
Hung  their  business  banner  to  the 
breeze,  and  at  this  writing  they 
^tand  at  the  head  of  this  industry. 
Ihe  partners  are  Newarkers 
and  men  of  standing.  Mr.  Engel- 
berger not  only  handles  tlie  plank 
himself,  but  sees  to  it  that  his 
workmen  do  their  share,  while  Mr. 
Barkhorn  keeps  his  eye  on  the 
ledger  and  bank  account. 


U.M.    C      BAKKUOK.\. 


192 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


N 


THE  CORY-HELLER  COMPANY. 

EWAKK'S  prosperity  is  based  on  tlie  variety  and  extent  of 
her  manufacturing  interests,  and  she  is  always  ready  to 
welcome  every  new  enterprise  which  promises  to  add  to  lier  in- 
dustrial fame.  Her  latest  important  acquisition  is  tin-  wall- 
paper factory  of  the  Cory-Heller  Company,  the  only  enterprise 
of  this  ciiaracter  within  her  limits.  This  establishinent  is 
situated  in  the  beautiful  suburb  of  Forest  Hill,  at  No.  878  Mt. 
Prospect  Avenue,  and  taking  into  consideration  the  convenience 
of  its  appointments,  the  perfection  of  its  machinery  and  the 
excellence  of  its  organization,  it  is  by  no  means  invidious  to  say, 
that  in  every  detail  of  its  ecjuipmcnt,  it  is  better  adapted  to  the 
production  of  paper-hangings,  at  the  minimum  of  cost,  than 
any  other  existing  factory  in  the  United  States. 

In  the  first  place,  the  factory  building  was  erected  especi.illy 
for  the  ]iurposes  of  the  Corv-Heller  Comjianw  under  the  super- 
vision of  its  I'resident.  Mr.  J.  Stewart  Cory,  and  its  Superinten- 
dent and   Colorist.  Mr.  IJenjamin   Hems,  the  long  connection  of 


floors,  thus  saving  in  the  item  of  expense  for  handling.  Run- 
ning the  full  length  of  the  shipping  floors,  along  the  whole 
building,  is  a  side  track  accomodating  eight  cars,  which,  aftci 
loading,  may  lie  transferred  to  any  railroad  within  the  territory 
of  the  United  States,  (loods  may  also  be  shipped  by  way  of 
the  Passaic  Ri\er  to  .ill  points  accessible  by  water.  These 
transportation  facilities  are  ecpialh  as  valuable  for  the  reception 
of  all  niateri.il  to  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  the  goods. 
The  establishment  is  also  in  rapid  communication  with  Newark 
by  trolley  cars,  which  run  to  its  door. 

Mr.  J.  Stewart  Cory,  tlie  President  and  General  Manager  of 
tlie  Company,  is  widely  and  favorably  known  in  the  wall-paper 
business,  witli  every  department  of  which  he  is  thoroughly 
accpiainted.  Mr.  K.  G.  Heller,  the  Vice  President,  is  a  successful 
manufacturer,  a  man  of  large  means,  the  senior  partner  in  tin 
extensive  business  of  Heller  &  Brothers,  of  Newark,  file,  steel 
,nid  tool  makers,  and  has  long  been  iilentified  prominently  with 
public    affairs.     His    sons   Paul    E.   and    Arnaud    G..  who   are 


WORKS   OF  THE   CORY-H  l-:i.I.Kli   CO.,   ON    N.    Y.    A    G.    L.    R.    R.    ANIi    M  f. 


'KOSI^ECT    AVENUK. 


both  of  whom  with  the  industry,  and  their  practical  knowledge 
of  its  commerci.d  and  technical  details,  ha\e  m.ide  them 
acknowledge  authoiilies  on  .ill  th.il  pertain  to  the  business. 
In  the  construction  of  the  building,  therefore,  no  labor  or  ex- 
pense has  been  spared  to  perfect  the  arrangement  of  details 
in  every  branch  of  the  establishment  in  order  to  meet  the  latest 
and  most  exacting  re(|uirements  of  the  trade. 

Take  as  an  illustration  the  extreme  length  of  the  factory.  It 
measures  355  feel  from  front  to  rc.ir.  with  a  space  of  fourteen 
feet  between  floor  and  ceiling  where  the  printing  machines  .ire 
in  operation.  No  other  wall-paper  factory  in  this  counliv  has 
the  advantage  of  such  m.ignihcent  distances. 

Still  another  .id\. Ullage  is  enjoved  b\  the  faclorv.  the 
economic  \alue  of  which  can  sc.ircely  be  ovcr-estim.ited.  Its 
shijiping  facilities  by  rail,  water  or  truck,  to  remote  or  near-by 
markets,  are  sinqily  perfect.  It  is  situated  on  the  main  line  of 
the  Greenwood  Lake  Division  of  iheluie  Railroad.  The  goods 
ready  for  distribution  .ire  conveyed  by  chutes   to  the  shipping 


respectively  Treasurer  and  Secretary  of  the  company,  have 
long  been  associ.iled  with  their  father  in  his  varied  undertak- 
ings, and  their  natural  abilities  have  been  supplemented  by 
.1  thorough  schooling  in  substantial  and  honorable  business 
enterprises.  The  Superintendent  and  Colorist.  Mr.  Benjamin 
Hems,  also  a  member  of  the  company,  has  spent  all  his  work- 
ing life  in  this  business. 

With  ample  money,  perfect  equipment  and  the  ln-st  techni.il 
and  business  organization,  the  Cory-Heller  Co.  is  detrrmined 
to  make  a  grade  of  goods  well  suited  to  the  trade,  .ind  in  time 
will  no  doubt  prove  to  be  a  successful  investment  for  the  enter- 
prising men  who  have  founded  the  industry  here.  The  manu- 
f.icture  of  wall-paper  is  a  business  which  calls  for  the  utmost 
attention  to  details  before  a  reputation  can  be  achived,  and  is 
retained  only  by  unrelaxed  watchfulness. 

The  illustration  presented  on  this  page  gives  an  idea  of  this 
immense  plant  which  adds  a  new  industry  to  the  numerous 
others  which  h.ive  made  the  city  of  Newark  so  well  noted. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


193 


THE  E.   E.   HOGAN   SHOE   MANUFACTURING   CO. 

THIS  concern  whose  factory  we  illustrate,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  members  of  the  shoe  trade  in  New  Jersey.  It  was 
established  in  November,  iS66,  by  the  late  Patrick  Hogan,  and 
its  career  has  been  invariably  charactized  by  the  energy  and 
sterling  integrity  of  its  management.  Begining  with  very 
limited  capital,  the  venture  was  a  success  from  its  incejition, 
and  rapidly  assumed  a  position  as  one  of  the  foremost  shoe 
manufacturing  firms  of  the  State.  After  successfully  weather- 
ing the  financial  panic  of  1S73,  Patrick  Hogan  was  forced  to 
the  wall  by  heavy  and  successive  losses  in  iSSr.  The  creditors, 
realizing  that  the  failure  was  due  entirely  to  misfortune  and  that 


expanded  until  new  and  more  conmiodiuus  cpiarlcrs  became  a 
necessity,  and  accordingly  the  present  tine  building,  i  50  x  40, 
four  stories  and  a  basement,  was  erected,  and  the  fn-in  took 
possession  January  2,  1896. 

Mindful  of  his  promise  ma<le  to  his  creditors,  Patrick  Hogan, 
iluring  all  this  time  was  accumulating  a  fund  that  was  to 
redeem  that  pledge,  but  overwork  defeated  his  noble  ambition, 
and  after  a  short  but  painfull  illness,  he  died  on  March  3, 
1S89,  with  the  dying  injunction  to  his  children  to  rcdci-m  his 
promise. 

The  story  of  that  incident  is  still  fresh  in  the  ]iul)lic  mind; 
hardly  a  child  in  New;irk    but   knows    how  Miss  Hogan  paid 


THE    F..    E.    HOG.\N    SHOE    M.ANtTFACTURlNG    CO.'S    PLANT    ON    CENTRAL    AVENUE. 


no  taint  of  dishonesty  attached  to  the  house,  very  readily 
accepted  a  settlement  of  their  claims  on  the  basis  of  twenty  per 
cent.,  and  Patrick  Hogan,  with  shattered  health,  but  indomitable 
energy,  set  out  to  retrieve  the  past,  and,  as  he  had  promised,  to 
repay  his  creditors  in  full.  In  this  effort  he  was  most  ably 
assisted  by  his  daughter.  Miss  Elizabeth  E.  Hogan,  and  by  his 
adopted  son,  George  Higginson.  the  former  in  charge  of  the 
fitting  room,  the  latter  as  general  superintendent. 

The  new  firm  was  conducted  under  the  name  of  E.  E.  Hogan. 
and  continued  ;it  tlie  old  stand,  337  Plane  Street.  Success 
followed    the    new    firm  from  the    start ;    the  business    rapidly 


forty  thousand  dollars  to  her  dead  father's  creditors,  in  full 
settlement  of  all  their  claims,  and  how  this  act  was  hailed 
as  a  most  extraordinary  proof  of  the  sterling  integrity  and 
rugged  honesty  of  the  Hogan  family.  The  desired  end  having 
been  accomplished,  Mr.  George  Higginson,  to  whom  in  a  great 
measure  was  due  the  success  of  the  firm,  .ind  Mr,  Matthew 
\V.  Hogan  became  partners  in  the  concern,  under  the  name  of 
the  E.  E.  Hogan  Shoe  Manufacturing  ^."ompany,  which  began 
business  on  July  15,  tSSp,  with  a  [laid-up  capital  of  $60,000. 
Starting  under  such  auspicious  circumstances,  it  is  hardly 
necessary    to   Say   that    the   firm    has    been    successful.     They 


194 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /".,  ILLUSTRATED. 


make  a  line  cif  wuiiicn's.  misses',  children's,  boy's  and  youth's  shoes 
which  have  a  weU  desei\ed  reputation  as  lieing  the  Ijest  wear- 
ing goods  made  in  the  country,  at  the  (irices  charged,  and  wliich 
are  fully  the  ec|ual  of  any  line  of  shoes  for  style  and  appearance. 
Active  and  energetic,  fully  ali\e  to  the  requirements  of  the 
trade,  the  V..  I'.,  Hogan  Shoe  Company  are  always  keenly  alive 
to  the  possibilities,  and  are  alwa\s  .ibre.isl  of  the  times.  Their 
pl.int  is  fully  equipped  with  all  the  latest  and  nii>st  inqiroved 
machinery,  including  the  Goodyear  system,  and  their  two 
hundred  and  fifty  employees  are  kept  constantly  hustling  to 
supplv  the  ever-increasing  demand  for  the  company's  product. 
The  spring  season  of  1896  was  a  record-breaker  in  the  histor\' 


MAHER   &    FLOCKHART. 

TIll'^  lower  section  of  the  city  east  of   the  I'ennsyhania  Ivail 
ro.id     is   steadily  aflvancing  as  a    manufacturing   centre. 
Here  are  situated  many  large  industrial  plants,  located  among 
ihem   being  the  large  iron  foundry  of  Messrs.  Maher  Ov  Flock- 
h.irt.  corner  of  folk  and  Clover  Streets. 

This  firm  had  a  \ery  humble  beginning.  In  May,  1882,  they 
rented  a  small  building  on  I'olk  .Street,  and  with  the  assistance 
of  one  employee,  commenced  the  manufacture  of  grey 
iion  castings.  lieing  practical  men  and  thoroughly  con- 
vers.mt    with    the     foundrv   business,    they   soon    established   a 


\\'i<\<Ks  iir  M.\iirR  A    tiMCMi.M^r,  <i.\   ruiK  siRKKr. 


of  the  house,  as  they  turned  out  dining  Ih.il  rnUrc  pci  iod.  an 
average  of  v,6oo  pairs  |)er  week,  the  greatest  piddu(iioii  of 
shoes,  by  far,  e\er  credited  to  a  shoe  manufactory  m  New 
Jersey.  'Iln-  firm's  product  is  sold  through  Xew  Kngland  .uid 
ihe  Middle  and  Southern  Slates,  and  as  a  |)roof  of  their  (|u,ilily, 
il  is  only  necessary  lo  say  that  they  hnd  a  ready  sale  even  in 
Boslon  and  l.\nn,  the  vei\  heart  of  the  shoe  industry  of 
Massachusclts,  The  ollicers  of  the  comp.inv  ,iie  the  s.ime 
now  (1S971  as  ,it  Ihe  sl.ut :  Ceorge  Higginson.  I'lrsidenl; 
M.itthew  W.  Hogan.  Secretary;  I-Ti/.abeth  I',.  Hogan,  Treasuiir, 
and  if  indicalions  count  for  anything,  the  concern  is  but  just 
entering  upon  a  c.ueei  ih.it  will  surpass  in  activity  .ind  pKjs- 
perily  anything  that  lluy  ha\c  \  et  experienced. 

The  illusti.ilion  ]ires(nled  on  the  preceding  page.  gi\es  lo  the 
reader  some  idea  of  ihe  ca|)acity  of  this  plant,  which  has  con- 
uibuled  in  no  sm.ill  degree  to  the  prosperity  and  good  name 
of  the  City  of  New.irk. 


repul.ilion  for  linking  he.i\y  ,iiid  light  111. ichinery  castings  tif  a 
superior  (piality.  The  result  w.is  that  their  business  increased 
lo  such  an  cMent  that  e.ich  year  saw  an  addition  to  their  plant, 
until  every  available  foot  of  ground  was  occupied. 

In  1889  they  purchased  a  large  plot  of  land  bounded  by  Polk 
and  Clover  .Streets  and  the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad,  upon 
w  hi(  h  they  t  reded  .1  brick  building  80  x  200,  with  additional 
buildings  for  boiler  .ind  engine  rooms  and  pattern  shop,  which 
forms  the  ilhislrations  lurewilh  gi\eii.  In  i8i;i  they  again 
found  it  necessary  to  increase  their  capacily,  and  erecteil  a 
building  65  X  85  for  the  manufacture  of  li.ght  castings  exclusively. 
I  hey  employ  o\er  loo  men,  ihe  m.ijoriU"  of  whom  are  skilled 
mech. lilies.  I'leing  progressive  business  men  ,ind  thorough 
mechanics,  llieir  foundry  is  ei|iiipped  wilh  the  latest  improved 
I  iipolas,  power  cranes,  and  every  appliance  to  facilitate  the 
manufacture  and  handling  of  castings.  A  siding  connects  the 
works  with  the  main  line  of  the  Central  Railroad. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLVSTRATEn. 


1 '.).-, 


WORKS    (IF    'IHF.    H.    P.    WIIZI'I      CnMI'AXN.    WKICllI'    SI  K  l-.F,  I',    AVFNUK    A.    AND    MM.FKU    SI'REK'l'. 


H.    P.  WITZEL    COMPANY. 

THE  foundation  of  Newark  s  greatness  as  a  nianiifactminj]; 
city  was  laid  in  tlie  tanning  of  hides  and  the  makinc;"  of 
leather.  From  the  lieginning,  this  industry  has  seemed  to  draw 
the  most  active  and  business-like  men,  as  well  as  the  thoroughly 
skilled  mechanics  and  artisans  around  its,  in  many  respects, 
uninviting  e.xterior.  The  reason  for  this  lies  in  the  fact  that  the 
great  incentive  which  draw  men  on — the  rich  results— were  ever 
pi'esent.  Whether  the  puritv  of  the  water  and  high  quality  of 
the  materials  used  has  done  its  part,  results  alone  can  tell.  The 
facts  are  before  us  that  no  set  of  men  can  make  a  better  show- 
ing on  the  tax  books  of  the  assessor  than  ('.-m  those  eng.igeil  in 
the  manufacture  of  the  great  staple — leather. 

Among  the  nearly  one  hundred  firms  engaged  in  this  branch 
among  the  thousands  of  Newark's  teeming  industries,  is  that  of 
the  H.  1'.  Witzel  Company,  who  carry  it  on  e.xtensively  in  the 
capacious  factory  buildings,  photographs  of  which  grace  this 
page. 

This  factory  was  established  in  1879,  .ind  h.is  now  lu-en  run- 


H.  p.  wrrzEL, 


ning  most  successfully  for  nr.nly  a  decade  and  a  half  of  years. 
Mr.  H.  I"".  Witzel,  who  honors  the  concern  with  his  name,  and 
is  I'residenl  of  the  company,  is  a  thorough  tanner,  and  takes 
pride  in  his  art,  never  ceasing  to  labor  for  its  exaltation  by 
turning  out  the  very  finest  leather  th.it  human  ingenuity  can 
produce.  Close  application  to  business,  deep  study  and  pains- 
t.iking  care  has  produced  such  results,  which,  when  studied 
with  care  by  others,  redound  to  his  credit  and  m.ake  him 
an  authority. 

tn  I  889  Messrs.  August  l.oehnberg  and  Daniel  Kanlhrrr  were 
admitted  as  partners  in  the  concern,  and  thus  bringing  to  con- 
duct the  intlustry,  genius,  talent  ;ind  busir.ess  acumen  which 
soon  confirmed  the  promises  which  Mr.  Witzel  s;iw  in  the  \nii- 
posed  combination  and  enlargement.  I!ut  many  a  brilliant 
promise  has  been  nipped  in  the  bud.  .ind  so  it  proved  to  this 
firm  when  the  apparent  certainty  of  an  early  future  of  success  in 
business  was  checked  by  fire,  when  on  Dec.  25,  1S90.  the  entire 
plant  was  destroyed.  Nothing  daunted  by  this  cataslro|)hy  how- 
ever, the  go-ahe<ad  firm,  which  knew  no  such  word  as  fail,  set  to 
work  immediately  to  clear  aw'ay  the  charred  remains  of  the 
debris  out  of  the  energy  of  years  of  labor,  and  beg.in  the  con- 
struction of  larger,  better  and  more  modern  and  convenient 
buildings  in  which  to  rebuild  the  sliii  ken  industry,  and  in  a 
maiAclouslv  short  period  of  lime  the  womli-rfnlly  capacious  and 
convenient  buildings  now  occupied  li\  the  firm,  and  which  the 
]5hotogra|)her's  artist  has  transferred  so  truthfully  to  the.se 
pages,  were  ready  to  receive  all  the  very  latest  and  best  im- 
proved labor  and  time-saving  furniture  .uul  machinery  necessary 
for  carrying  on  the  manufacture  of  leather.  The  fire  took  place 
on  December  25,  1890,  and  the  new  factories,  to  take  the 
lilace  of  the  old,  were  ready  .Vugust  1,1891.  i'le  present 
oflicers  of  the  company  are:  H.  I'.  Wilzel,  President;  Frank 
Schwarzmaelder,  \'icc-President  ;  Daniel  Kaufherr,  Treasurer. 
Located  convenient  to  railroad  facilities,  where  an  easy  and 
cheap  transportation  of  the  raw  material  .ind  finished  produc- 
tions are  enjoyed,  this  prosperous  firm  carry  on  their  growing 
business,  making  all  kinds  of  patent  and  enameled  leathers  for 
domestic  and  export  trades.  The  tanneries  of  this  firm  also 
m.ike  a  fine  grade  of  fancy  morocco  finish  leather  for  uphol- 
sterers' use,  which  finds  a  ready  sale  wherever  there  is  a  demand 
for  this  line  of  leather  productions.  Into  the  vats  of  this  firm. 
250  hides  find  their  way  each  week,  which  aie  put  through  and 
finished  by  the  nearly  fifty  workmen. 


196 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


FINTER  &  CO. 

WHILE  ihe  iiiiluslry  of  wagon  making  is  in 
the  same  line  ix-ally  witli  that  of  carriage 
manufacturing,  there  is  yet  a  niiglity  difference, 
and  tlie  best  explanation  thereof  which  we  are  able 
to  make  in  the  short  space  allotted  to  this  work,  is 
that  the  wagon  is  made  for  business  and  the  carri- 
age for  pleasure.  Now,  while  this  statement  will 
not  bear  too  close  a  scrutiny,  it  is  near  enough 
to  the  fact  for  all  practical,  as  well  as  our  ow'n  pur- 
poses, since  in  this  article  we  have  to  do  with  the 
industrv  as  applied  to  the  making  of  both  heavy 
;md  light  farm  and  brewery  wagons,  light  and  he.ivy 
drays,  carts  and  business  vehicles  generally,  which 
is  conducted  extensively  in  Newark,  not  alone  in  a 
production  for  home  sale,  service  and  consumption, 
but  for  outside  markets  as  well. 

Mr.  Frederick  Finter,  one  of  the  oUlest  and  most 
respected  C.ernuin  citizens,  was  born  in  Germany, 
June  8,  1814.  He  arrived  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  in 
1834,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  business  of  wagon 
making.  When  he  came  here  there  were  only  hve 
derman  families  in  this  city.  He  climbed  up  the 
ladder  with  a  sturdy  determination  which  brooked 
no  failure,  and  as  a  result  of  his  industry  and  per- 
severance he  was  able,  along  with  six  other  wagon-makers,  to 
begin  business  in  1848,  at  the  corner  of  Hamilton  and  Bruen 
Streets.  Step  by  step  he  went  on  increasing  his  knowledge  and 
extending  his  efforts  until  finally  he  became  sole  proprietor  of 
the  large  business  which  has  since  been  carried  on  under  his 
personal  supervision  up  to  a  few  months  before  he  died,  which 
was  May  1.  1885.  He  employed  very  few  helpers  when  he 
commenced  business  for  himself,  and  depended  largely  on  his 
own  educated  arms  and  hands  to  push  his  steadily  growing 
industry. 

The  successful  results  which  followed  his  efforts  show  how 
faithfully  he  worked  and  what  an  indomitable  spirit  of  deter- 
mination he  brought  to  bear  in  the  consummation  of  his  ideal 
project,  of  building  up  a  great  business  upon  such  solid  and  en- 
during foundations  as  would  be  as  lasting  as  the  wagons  he  was 
engaged  in  building.  The  founder  of  this  now  enormous  wagon 
manufacturing  industry  was  one  of  those  sturdy  characters 
who  was  not  content  to  scan  the  present  with  his  clear  eye,  but 


WORKS    OF    FINTKR    &    CO.,    MARKET    AND    CONGRESS    STREETS. 


was  ever  peering  away  into  the  future  and  endeavoring  so  far 
as  possible  to  reach  out  for  new  ideas  to  build  the  very  best  he 
knew',  and  with  this  end  in  view  he  made  wagons  better  and 
better  as  the  years  went  on.  but  never,  so  far  he  could  divine, 
did  he  build  "  better  than  he  knew,"  When  the  time  came 
that  this  father  of  one  of  Newark's  important  industries,  and 
one  who  had  laid  the  foundations  in  such,  of  the  virtues  that 
should  make  them  enduring  as  time  itself  and  had  cemented 
it  w  ith  his  own  good  name,  should  lay  aside  his  apron  and  tools 
for  the  last  time,  he  could  turn  the  institution  over  to  his  son, 
that  he  might  continue  its  conduct  tnider  the  name  of  its 
founder. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Finter,  his  son,  William  ¥.  Finter, 
took  full  control  of  the  business  and,  as  it  increased  year  by 
year,  and  the  factory  became  too  small  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  trade,  he  ])urchased  the  ground,  in  1891,  at  the 
corner  of  Market  and  Congress  Streets,  and  erected  one  of  the 
finest  and  most  complete  wagon  factories  in  the  State.     He  is  a 


W'TI.I,I,\M    F.    FINTER. 


thorough  mechanic,  having  learned  the  trade  with 
his  father  before  he  took  charge  of  the  business. 

As  the  leader  ttnns  the  pages  of  this  ESSEX 
CouN  tv.  N.  J.,  li.i.us-i  UAtKD,  and  art  treasure, 
and  reads  the  short  and  succinct  histories  of  the 
several  industries,  there  are  few  who  will  find  that 
ihe  illustration  speaks  a  belter  language  than  that 
representing  the  great  establishment  of  Finter  tS; 
Co..  on  this  Jiage.  one  of  the  oldest  in  its  line  in 
Newark,  and  conducted  by  his  son.  Thousands  of 
business  houses  all  over  Essex  Countv  .md  the 
Slate  of  New  Jersey  have  abundant  reason  for 
.ippreciation  of  the  good  work  done  by  this  com- 
pany of  wagon  builders.  F'or  nearly  a  half  a 
century  the  name  of  Finter  branded  on  a  wagon 
has  been  acce])tcd  as  the  sign  of  its  high  quality 
in  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

The  life-like  photos  of  the  founder  and  his  son, 
who  at  present  so  ably  conducts  the  business,  are 
speaking  likenesses  of  the  men  who  have  been  fac- 
tors in  promoting  the  carriage  and  wagon  industry 
for  which  New-ark  has  become  so  justly  noted. 


FREDERICK    FINTER,    FOUNDER. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


197 


JOHN    REILLY. 

THE  future  of  Newark  as  a  niamifacturiiig  point  is  not 
a  matter  of  guess-\vorl<.  It  would  have  been  made 
a  certainty  by  its  leather  interests  alone.  The  magni- 
tude of  this  industry  can  scarcely  I)e  related  without  ex- 
citing a  doubt  as  to  the  credibility  of  the  narrator  and 
the  credulity  of  the  reader,  but  in  commercial  circles  the 
immensity  of  the  business  is  well  known. 

In  the  front  rank  of  the  patent  and  enameled  leather 
manufacturers,  stands  Mr.  Reilly,  who,  in  1S71,  established 
the  factory  on  Avenue  C,  Murray  and  Aster  Streets,  near 
Kaimet  Street  Station,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  now 
one  of  the  most  prominent  plants  of  its  kind  in  the 
country.  Every  process  through  which  the  leather 
passes  from  its  crude  state  to  its  finished  state  is  under 
his  personal  supervision,  and  its  market  is  the  world. 
A  thoroughness  of  manufacture  and  an  enterprising 
policy  of  doing  business,  coupled  with  the  known  integ- 
rity of  the  man  in  commercial  circles,  compass  the  reasoiis 
of  his  exceptional  success.  Time  was  when  Newark's 
leather  industry  was  confined  to  a  few  tanners  of  hides, 
and  those  who  put  them  in  shape  for  carriage  use  -  or 
for  that  matter  any  use  to  which  enameled  leather  ni.iy 
be  put — were  few  and  far  between. 

Their  product  was  the  poorest,  and  would  have  dri\  en 
the  trade  away  from  Newark  but  for  the  work  of  such 
men  as  Mr.  John  Reilly.  He  is  one  of  those  who  brought 
to  bear  upon  the  industry  a  wealth  of  energy  and  brain 
which  would  have  ensured  success  to  any  enterprise. 
It  was  attention  to  detail,  a  keen  knowledge  of  the 
requirements  of  business,  and  a  determination  to  win, 
characteristic  of  the  man,  which  won  the  way.  The  half 
tone  engravings,  from  photographs,  represented  on  this 
page,  convey  to  the  reader  an  idea  of  the  works  which 
Mr.  John  Reilly  founded,  and  has  presided  over  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century. 

The  golden  value  of  a  jiractical  and  thorough  business 


JOHN    REILLY, 


I'AIEXT    AND    E.\.\MlJ,liU    l.lAllll  R    WOKKS    OF   JIIH.N    RlilLI.V, 
AVENUE  C,     MURRAY    AND    ASTOR   STREETS. 

educration  for  men  who  embark  in  the  manufacturing  pursuits, 
has  seldom  found  a  more  forcible  illustration  than  in  the  case 
of  Mr.  John  Reilly.  Here  is  a  man  whose  steady  success  has 
frequently  led  citizens  to  inquire  the  cause,  which  was  princi- 
pally his  entering  the  patent  and  enameled  leather  industry 
with  a  keen  understanding  of  its  many  intricate  demands. 
He  has  labored  strenuously  to  produce  the  very  best  of  leather. 


19S 


ESSEX  COVNTY,  N.  J..  TLLT'STKArED. 


SCHMIDT  &  SON. 

THF.  stfiim  saw  plaiiinL;  .'ind  wimil 
turning;  mill  cnndnctfil  In  Mr^sis. 
SLliiiiidt  and  Sun  diiriuL;  ihi'  pasl  lifly 
\L*ars,  lias  rendered  valuable  seirice  tn 
the  building  iiuUistry  tif  the  (  ily,  and  in 
l)arlicular  to  the  western  section,  whii  h 
has  been  built  up  wilhin  the  last  twenl\ 
\'ears  sd  sin  |H  isin^^ly.  'I'he  illustrations 
presented  on  this  |)aL;e,  ir  present  the 
lime-honored  plant,  loe.iled  on  the  easi 
side  of  llroonie  Stieet.  lulween  S|irin;^- 
held  and  South  Orange  Avenues,  with 
life-like  photos  of  the  founder  and  his 
enterprising  son,  who  h.i\'c  devoted  tlieii 
lives  to  this  partiruhir  industi"\'  which  has 
ronlribuled,  in  ,in  hiiniblr  degree,  towards 
<reating  a  (jieater  Newark. 

To  just  such  institutions  as  I  his  over 
which  the  .Si  hniidts  presiile,  father  and 
sou,  is  New. Ilk  indebted  tor  her  phenom- 
enal grow  I  h  and  material  gre.atn ess.  W'il  h- 
out  the  .issist.ince  of  the  steam  s.iw  ,ind 
planing  mill  establishments  the  cil\' 
would    make    but    an    orcHnary  showing. 

This  house,  now  so  well  ani.1  f.ivorably 
known,  began  its  c.ireer  ne.iiiv  hall  a  cen- 
tury ago.  Mr.  Schmidt  had  been  educated 
to   the   business  and  li.ad    early   been    im- 

]iressed  with  the  onegrand  desideratum  in  wood-working,  that  his 
tiiiil)er  must  be  thoroughly  seasoned  befcire  using.  When  a 
piece  of  board  Weill  under  his  planers,  or  limber  into  his  l.ithes, 
it  was  widl  dried,  h.inl  and  el.istic,  willi  a  fibre  .is  straight 
as  the  bow  wood  of  the  native  Inch. in.  As  his  business 
grew  and  the  want  of  assistance  came  upon  him.  he  eniplo\cd 
none  but  skilled  workmen  and  the  Latest  and  best  inipro\ed 
wood-working  machines  and  machimrv.  and  at  this  time  there 
is  in  constant  use  in  the  factory  as  line  a  jilaiit  of  machines, 
m.ichinery  and  wood-working  tools  .is  ,ire  to  be  found  in  any 
industrial  esl.iblishment  in  the  country.  The  factory  buildinos 
of   this  firm,  which  li.ivi-  a  Iruthful   illustr.ition  on  this  page,  are 


St-'HMIin     A    Sd.V,    .S'l'lCAM    SAW 

i'iik.mm;   mill 


very  capacious,  and  ha\e  ste.idily  pro- 
gressed as  the  increase  of  business 
demanded.  The  manufactory  building  is 
a  ihree-storv  brick  structure.  50  x  So  feet, 
gi\  iiig  a  floor  room  in  each  storv  of  4,000 
S(|ii.ire  feel.  Almig  with  this  thev  lia\e 
ipiile  exieiisi\e  y.nd  room  for  storing  tim- 
ber and  lumber.  ,iiid  vet  the  demand 
comes  u|)  for  still  more  room  tli.in  cm 
be  commanded  from  plots  .\os.  2oan(l  22 
r.iDome  .Street.  The  great  \ariety  of 
siyli-s.  forms,  patterns  and  shapes  of 
wood  articles  which  come  forth  from  the 
doors  of  their  factorx  would  create  soiiie- 
ihing  of  ama/ement  in  the  mind  of  anyone 
uii,ici|iiaiiited  with  the  wood-w'orking 
indusliv.  The  firm  makes  a  special!)'  of 
c.u  peiUers'  s.iwing  and  turning,  and 
iniong  the  multitudinous  products  niav 
be  mentioiu-d.  columns,  balusters,  line 
.md  liitching  posts,  circular  moldings  and 
scores  of  articles  in  a  great  variety  of 
p.itleins  are  reckoned  among  the  output. 
Strangers  h.ive  keen  known  to  stand  for 
liours  in  the  presence  of  one  of  their 
turning"  lathes  while  the  expert  turner 
dexterously  fashions  the  article  of  beauty 
or  utility,  close  watching  him  as  he  guides 
the  sh.irp  tool  o\er  ils  swift-Hying  form 
of  se.isoncd  wood  of  o.ik,  mahogany, 
rosewood,  pine,  hemlock,  or  whatever  kind  of  wood  the  heart 
of  the  operator  may  be  for  the  time  inclined  to  use  for  the 
purpose  intended  or  to  hll  an  order. 

The  bii//.  upright  .iiid  scroll  saws,  the  planers  and  moulders 
as  handled  l)\  this  hriii  h.ive  done  their  part  in  the  revolution  in 
house  irimming  in  the  last  fifty  years.  It  is  surprising,  indeed, 
how  beautifully  many  of  these  machines — automatic  to  a  great 
extent— walk  through  the  timber  boards  and  planks  placed 
before  them,  and  it  does  seem  as  though  by  and  by  they  would 
begin  to  talk — yes.  in  their  own  peculiar  way  they  do  even  now 
speak  a  language  that  is  easily  interpreted  by  the  manufacturer 
and  banker,  and  we  opine,  as  the  years  go  by  and  the  wealth  of 


I'I.am;  and 


FF.HDIN.VNL)     A.    SCII.MIIJT. 


the  capitalist  unfolds  more 
.iiid  more  clearly  to  the 
\  lew  of  the  genius  of 
inventions,  and  the  gu.ird- 
ian  .and  key-holder  of  thi- 
still  hitlden  mysteries  of 
mechanics  and  mecdian- 
isms  is  forced  lo  listen  to 
I  he  persistent  ap|ieals  to 
unlock  tlie  inner  doors  of 
I  lus  inner  safe  and  set 
Irer  for  the  uses  of  man 
I  he  new,  which  perchance, 
may  be  old,  that  the  gre.il 
evolutions  now  in  pro- 
gress may  startle  the  worl.  I 
111  novelty,  v.ilue  and  gold- 
en purpose.  As  the  gre.it 
procession  of  the  industrx 
moves  on,  ciparisoned  In 
the  hnishcd  h.iiness  of 
novelty  and  usefulness, 
the  great  cloud  of  witnes- 
ses will  shout  "well  done." 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


199 


HALEY    &    SLAIGHT 

THE  city  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  has  bfconie  notc-d 
throughout  the  civihzed  world,  priiicipallv  on 
account  of  the  finely  tinished  ami  durahlc  (|ualilies 
of  its  manufactured  products.  In  this  connection 
it  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  call  some  attention  to 
the  manufacture  of  cigars,  wdiich  has  now  become 
a  prominent  factor  among  the  numerous  industries 
for  which  the  city  has  become  famous.  Among 
the  many  enterprising  firms  engaged  in  the  cigar 
trade  there  is,  perhaps,  none  belter  or  more  widelv 
known  than  the  firm  of  Haley  X:  Slaight,  proprietors 
of  the  "  Lincoln  Cigar  Factory."  which  form  the 
illustrations  on  this  page. 

The  business  was  originally  founiletl  a  t|u,uler  nl 
a  century  ago  by  the  senior  member  of  the  present 
firm  of  Haley  &  Slaight,  whose  life-like  photos  are 
herewith  presented.  Both  gentlemen  are  well- 
known  Newarkers  from  away  back,  Mr.  Haley 
iieing  a  practical  cigar  maker  by  trade,  while  Mr. 
Slaight  is  a  salesman  of  consitlerable  experience. 
The  factory  is  thoroughly  eipiipped  with  cver\ 
known  inipro\enicnt  to  the  trade,  the  choicest 
brands  of  leaf  tobacco  are  selected  for  stock,  and 
practical  cigar  makers  only  are  employed  on  the 
numerous  brands  of  cigars  which  are  manufac- 
tured by  the  firm.  The  following  popular  brands 
are  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  city  and  su- 
burbs :  "Haley's  Original  fJncoln,"  "  I^ittle  I'hil 
.Sheridan,"  "Sweet  Mane,"  "Covernor  tiriggs," 
"Henry  Clay,"  "New  St)le  I'erfecto."  etc,  etc. 
The  "  Lincoln  "  brand  has  become  famous  to  lovers 
of  a  good,  (|uiet  smoke,  and  are,  without  doubt, 
the  best  ten  cent  cigar  produced  in  the  I'nited 
States. 

Mr.  Hale\  is  a  \eteran  of  the  war  for  the  Lhiion. 
a  member  of  Lincoln  Post,  and  is  connected  with 
many  other  organizations  which  rellect  credit  on 
our  citv  and  its  wonderful  progress  in  the  mechan- 
ical trades.  The  members  of  the  tirni  devote  their 
personal  attention  to  every  ilelail  of  the  cigar  busi- 
ness, and  by  their  diligence  and  honorable  deahngs 
with  customers  have  built  up  .1  f.nr  trade  in  genuine 


HALEY  &  SLAIGHT 


p ^ 


UNCOm  CIGAR  FACTORY 


H,\l.l;V   &  SL.\Ic;H1  S  CHi.VK   i-actorv,   makkkt  striski-. 
cig.us.     of  late   vears 


OKOKljK   w  .   n.\i-i-.\ 


hand-mad 
.idulleralion  and  deception  have 
been  c.uried  on  to  a  considerable 
extent  in  this  country  in  the  manu- 
f.K  ture  of  cigars,  so  that  the  dilli- 
I  ulty  of  obtaining  a  first-class  smok- 
ing arlicle  has  become  a  by-word 
.unong  lovers  of  the  weed.  There 
are,  however, some  firms  that  stead- 
f.istly  adhere  to  honorable  methods, 
who  manufacture  anil  handle  only 
genuine  goods,  and  among  such 
doing  luisiness  in  this  cily  we  men- 
linn  with  pleasure  the  "Lincoln 
Cig.ir  |-'actory,"  whose  fotinder,  Mr. 
(leoige  Haley,  is  a  recognized  au- 
ihorily  on  the  grade  and  qualilv  of 
leaf  tobacco. 

The  brands  m.ide  by  this  house 
.lie  maintaineil  at  the  highest  stand- 
ard of  excellence,  and  for  quality, 
finish  and  llavor  are  unrivalled  bv 
any  similar  product  in  the  country. 


iiENKv  1,.  si..\ioiir. 


200 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


JOHN    SCHICK 


■^^^'s^fc^ 


TllKK]-;  nu'  iluiibtless  those 
who  never  think  beyoml 
tlie  present,  which  they  gormaii- 
(li/e  witli  satisfaction,  iievei 
knowinjj  or  caring  wliat  may  In 
in  store  for  the  morrow,  whi  i 
they  are  satistiecl  with  the  to-day. 
As  the  denuding  of  the  virgin 
forests  wcnl  on  clay  after  day, 
month  after  month  .ind  year 
after  year,  and  wood  fuel  ciintin- 
iied  abundant,  few  there  were 
who  could  iir  would  trouble 
themselves  about  the  future, 
where  scarcity  was  cert.ain  to 
take  the  place  of  abundance. 
A  word  to  the  wise  ought  to  be 
sufiicient.  ISut  we  opine  that 
the  halt  will  not  be  sounded 
till  the  time  w  hen  the  pick  and 
shovel  uf  the  miner  shall  del\e 
in  vain  .md  the  car  wheels  no 
1  ^ngcr  turn  under  the  weight  cif 
their  |)recious  burden,  and    tlie 

puff  of  thick  smoke  from  tnc  pipe  of  the  ocean  steamer  shall 
no  longer  gladden  the  hcut  of  the  w.itchnian  at  Fire  island. 
Then,  and  not  until  then,  will  come  up  the  ilreadful  al.irm. 
So  it  was  witli  the  work  of  conversion  of  the  beautiful  trees 
of  the  forests  into  fuel,  and  which  have  been  forced  away 
forever.  The  ring  of  the  woodman's  axe  that  felled  the 
beauties,  now  cease  to  salute  the  ear,  and  the  tongue  of  llama  to 
devour,  so  long  as  there  was  a  promise  of  pay  or  profit  in  it. 

There  is  no  city  in  the  American  I'nion  of  like  population 
th.it  constmies  annualK'  more  coal  than  the  city  of  Newark, 
N.  |.  With  a  popnl.itiim  of  235,000  inhabitants,  in  which 
manufacturing  establishments  aie  so  numerous,  the  coal  trade 
is  one  of  the  most  important  industries  in  the  city. 

Among  the  many  able  and  enterprising  citizens  now  engaged 
in  tlie  co.il  trade  of  this  city,  we  may  mention  the  name  of  Mr. 
John  .Schick,  who  deals  in  all  kinds  of  f^ehigh  and  Free-lJurning" 


COAL  &  WOOD 


VIEW    <.)N    CIARDEN    S'lREF.T,    SHOWINC,    JOHN    SCHICK  S    COAL    ANT)    ICF,    DEPOT. 


coal,  t'lCOrge's  Creek  Cuml>erland  coal  a  specialty.  A  view  of 
the  ollice  and  y.uds  which  form  an  illustration  on  this  page, 
locateil  at  Nos.  74,  76,  78,  So  and  82  Garden  Street,  Newaik, 
N.  J.,  between  N.  J.  R.  K.  Avenue  and  Pacific  Street.  The 
business  was  established  in  May,  1875,  and  during  the  past 
twentv-two  years,  through  hard  work,  energy  and  integrity, 
Mr.  John  Schick  has  built  up  a  trade  of  which  he  may  be  proud. 
He  has  been  before  the  |)ublic  in  general  nearlv  twenty-five 
years,  and  during  ,dl  th.it  time  he  has  demonstrated  his  repu- 
tation of  conducting  the  business  on  strictiv  honest  basis. 

The  liberal  jiatronage  which  the  public  have  accorded  this 
gentleman  demonstrates  that  Mr.  Schick  has  always  dealt  in 
the  Ijest  (|uality  of  coal;  and  he  alwavs  gives  full  weight, 
twenty  hundred  pounds  to  the  ton.  The  facilities  which  Mr. 
.Schick  possesses  are  in  every  respect  A  No.  1,  and  he  is 
jnepared  to  furnish  the  verv  best  coal  in  any  desired  quantity  at 


JOHN    SCUU-K. 


the  lowest  possible  price. 
For  the  past  ten  years 
he  has  been  most  fortun- 
ately released  from  much 
of  his  business  burden  by 
his  son.  Albert  Schick, 
w  ho  has  taken  the  place 
of  his  honored  father  in 
ihe  general  management 
of  tl^e  business.  Mr.  .M- 
bcrt  Schick,  whose  por- 
tr.ait  is  displ.i)ed  before 
the  public,  is  a  \ery  active 
young  business  man,  hav- 
ing graduated  from  the 
New  Jersey  Business 
College  in  [8S7.  He  has 
since  been  very  .active  in 
Ihe  m.'m.igenient  of  his 
I  ,[  1  h  r  r  '  s  business,  and 
IroMi  pnscnt  indications 
he  will  make  a  successful 
helpmeet   to  his  father. 


AI.BEKT    SCHICK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


201 


FREUDENTHAL  &  ADLER. 

THE  industries  of  Ntwark  are  so  numerous 
and  varied,  that  it  would  be  dillicult  to 
name  any  known  branch  of  trade  which  is  not 
represented  among  them.  Few  cities,  if  any, 
can  l)e  found  of  sindiar  size  and  iiopulation 
where  so  many  diversified  industrial  plants 
have  been  organized  and  established.  The 
handiwork  of  Newark  artificers  liave  been  in 
steady  and  ever-increasing  deniani.1  in  all  the 
countries  of  the  world,  and  in  this  connection, 
we  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  thereaders  of 
Essex  County,  N.  J.,  Illustr.^ted,  to  the 
merits  of  Freudenthal  &  Adler.  proprietors  of 
the  Post  Office  cigar  factory. 

The    demand    for  cigars    and     tobacco     has 
grown  to  such  large  proportions  that    the    trade 
necessarily  involves  considerations  of  great  im- 
portance.    ]>ut    even    this    rule    applies    to    the 
trade   at    large.     It    will    be    observed,    readily 
enough,    that    some    firms    possess    advantages 
over  others  in    the  same  line    of    business,  the 
result,  in  some  cases,  of  long  experience,  while 
in  other  instances,  the  fact  comes  about  through 
a     natural  aptitude     for    the     particular   trade 
in    which    these    firms   are    engaged.     In    the 
making   of   a    fine    cigar,  for   instance   Messrs. 
Freudenthal  lS;  Adler,  of  No.  276  Market  Street, 
have    obtained    an  enviable    reputation  for   the 
famous  brand  of  "  Post  Office  "  cigars    manu- 
factured   by  this  firm.     The  illustrations  here  displayed  show 
life-like  photos  of  the  firm,  also   their  factory  and  salesroom. 
Both  gentlemen  are  Newarkers,  and  practical  cigar-makers  of 
considerable   experience,  having   a    reputation  for    the  various 
brands  of  cigars  which  are  manufactured  b\  their  house.     The 
firm   have  made  a  success  with  their  superior  "Post   Office" 
brand,  which  is  claimed  to  be  one  of  the  best  ten  cent  cigars 
that  can  be  had  ;  reliable  and  always  the  same. 

Their  other  brands  are  known  as.  "  Gold  Prize,"  "True 
American,"  "  Our  Captain,"  "  Captain  C,"  "  F.  &  A.  Specials," 
"  F.  &  A,  Ponies,"  "  Flor  De  Leopold,"  "Newark's,"  and 
numerous  others.     The  firm  give  steady  employment   to  over 

(he  country 


ro.Sr    OFFICE    CIG.-\R    F.ACTORY,    ON'    MARKET    STREEr. 

twenty-five  men  and  boys,  A  choice  stock  of  chewing  and 
smoking  tobacco,  snuff,  fancy  pipes  and  smokers'  articles,  are 
always  carried  in  stock,  which  are  offered  to  customers  at 
reasonable  prices.  All  orders  are  carefully  filled  at  the  lowest 
market  rates.  The  firm  is  well  and  favorable  known  in  the 
trade,  with  good  business  [[ulifications  combined  with  pluck 
and  energy,  having  for  their  motto,  the  oidy  rule  whose  guid- 
ance means  success — the  rule  of  commercial  truth. 

The  consumption  of  cigars  by  the  people  of  the  United  States, 

has  increased  to  immense   proportions  during  the  past  ([uarter 

of  a  century,  while  the  trade  of  m.inufacturing  them  has  steadily 

increased,  and  has  now  become  one  of  the  noted  industries  of 

Millions  of  capital  is 


UILLI.\.V1    ADJ.I.K. 


in\ested,  and  thousands  of  people 
find  employment  in  the  production 
of  this  luxury,  which  has  become 
so  popular  among  lovers  of  the 
weed.  Messrs.  Freudenthal  and 
/\dUr,  proprietors  of  the  "  Post 
(.)ffice  "  cigar  plant,  have,  by  their 
thrift,  skill  and  attention  to  busi- 
ness, raised  themselves  up  from 
ihe  position  of  journeymen,  to 
their  present  standing  in  the  trade. 
The  products  of  their  factory,  con- 
sist of  the  choicest  brands  of 
••  Union  made  cigars,"  which  are 
shipped  to  the  leading  cities  of  the 
country,  and  their  home  trade  is 
of  considerable  imporl.ance  in  this 
city  and  its  suburbs. 

The  firm  enjoys  a  well  earned 
reputation  in  trade  circles,  and  the 
good-will  and  esteem  of  all  with 
who[ii  they  have  business  relations. 


LEorOl.l)    l-KliUDENTHAI.. 


20L1 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  I.  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE   PRUDENTIAL  INSURANCE   CO.   OF    AMERICA 


u 


y.T\].  tile  est.ililishiiicnt   of  this  iiislltuliim  in    Xcw.irk,  mi 
Oclober     13,    1S75.    the   ii\ri\\  helming     iiLijorily    cjf    tlic 
American    people     were    ilinied    the    priviKne    and    prolec  tiun 
embraced  in  life  insurance.     There  was  ample  insiiranc  e  oppor- 
Itmily  for  the  rich  nr  well-to-dii  minority:  there  was  none  whal- 
evir  l'(jr  Ihe  waL;e-wnrkinj;  majority.     The   former  were  able  to 
meet  the  i|uarterly,  semi-annual   or  yearly  |iayments  demanded 
by  the  only  system  uf  insurance  then  in  operation  in  this  country, 
the   "Old  Line"  or    "  (  Irdinary  "  system;   the    latter  were    not 
and  hence  uei-e  alisohilely  cut  off  from    ,dl  oppoiamiity  to  enjoy 
tile    benetils    of    life    insm'ance    protection.       In    a 
coimlry    whose    fniid.iniental    prim  iples    and    Ion,;; 
established  instilnlions  were  sworn  enennesof  diss 
institutions,   here   was   one   most  pronouncetl   and 
exclusive.     The  c  onsei|uence  was  that  society,  col- 
lei  lively   and  individnalK'.  suffered    i^i-eatly.      When 
de.ith   came,  thousands  of   respectable  but  improvi- 
dent   people    had    to    be    liuried    by    induidu.d    or 
orj,rani/,ed    charitv.   or    be    cruelly    consigned    to    ,1 
pauper's  grave  in   the  Potter's  Field.     And   those 
left  behind  became,  in   m.iny  i  .ises,  either  a  public 
charge  or  were  obliged   to  de|)end  upon  the  bounty 
of  others. 

It  was  at  this  juncture  that  a  hamlful  of  large- 
hearted  .ind  level-headed  Newark  manufacturers 
and  other  employers  of  labor  were  ])ersuaded  that 
a  system  of  insurance  based  u])on  weekly  payments 
and  brought  to  the  doors  of  the  people  could  be 
m.ide  to  succeed.  Such  a  s\stem  li.id  long  been 
III  successful  oper.ition  in  ICngl.ind.  Why  not  here? 
The  only  problem  was  one  of  adapt.ition  to  the 
different  conditions  and  ideas  piex.dcnt  in  .Xmerici 
— a  very  serious  problem,  to  be  stire.  but  one  th.it 
it  was  believed  could  be  satisfactorily  solved  in 
due  time. 

/\.nd  so,  on  the  date  stated,  the  I'rudeiitial  Insur- 
ance Company  of  America  came  into  existence. 
How  the  little  acorn  pl.inled  in  .1  liroad  Street 
basement  twenty-one  \ears  ago  has  grown  and 
grown,  until  now  it  is  .1  mighty  oak  whose  br.uiches 
have  spre.id  out  until  they  cover  every  populous 
centre  of  the  Lniled  St.ites.  from  Niagara  Falls  to 
Denver,  Col.,  is  a  never-ceasing  subject  of  wonder- 
ment, even  to  those  who  planted  and  cared  for  it. 
Its  st.ileiiunt  on  J.uiuary  I.  IcS;;,  shows  that 
when  it  w.is  not  ipiite  lifteen  months  old.  it 
li.id  less  til. in  5.000  policy-holders.  A  year  later 
it  had  but  11,226.  To-tlay  it  has  probably  in  its 
emplm'  as  nianv  ])ersons  as  it  had  policv-holders 
when  it  w.is  twenty-eight  months  old. 

".\  history  of  the  Company'^  progress  from  ve.ir 
to  ye.ir,"  said  .111  able  and  impatti.il  writer,  in  .1 
public  journal  recently,  "would  be  simply  a  record  of  rapid 
and  unchecked  growth,  exhibited  in  figmes  running  into  high 
and  evi-r  higher  periods.  The  I'rudential  of  to-day  stands  in 
the  front  rank  of  the  great  institutions  of  the  world."  Us  total 
resources  amount  lo  .about  $19,000,000.  The  reserve  on  its  poli- 
cies, leg.il  and  special,  is  about  !jii  5,000,000,  and  its  capital  .ind  sur- 
plus to  ]K)licy-holders  amount  lo  about  |)4,ooo,ooo.  It  has  o\er 
2.300,000  policies  in  force  on  its  registers,  insuring  the  almost  in 
conceivable  sum  of  about  $325,000,000.  It  has  paid  out  in  claims 
to  (late,  over  $25,000,000,  or  more  than  an  average  of  one  million 
dollars  for  every  year  it  has  been  in  existence.  The  pioneer  of 
industrial  insurance  in  .America,  its  example  was  followed  by  other 


companies  as  soon  as  it  had  fully  demonstrated,  1)\  the  all-satisfy- 
ing logic  of  success,  the  feasibility  of  the  scheme  as  applied  lo  this 
country.  As  a  grand  result,  there  .ire  now  (i8c;7)  operating 
the  svstem  in  the  LIniled  .States,  some  twelve  companies.  'These 
combined  h.ive  about  7,000000  policy-holders.  They  cover 
over  $800,000,000  of  risks,  the  average  policy  being  for  only  a 
little  more  than  $100.  They  have  paid  out  in  claims  about 
$80,000,000,  and  they  give  remunerati\e  employment  lo  an 
army  of  about  40.000  persons.  Besides,  the  establishment  of 
the  s)stem  here  has  well-nigh  abolished  the  Potter's  Field,  is 
s.iving  many  millions  of  dollars  aninially  to  the  American  tax- 
p.iyer,    and  in    scores  of  ways  is    making   better   men,    better 


■t  c- 


I'KUDENII.VL    INSUKANCK    CO.,    BROAD    AND    BANK    STREETS. 

women  and  happier  homes  wherever  it  has  been  established. 
The  present  (1897)  officers  of  the  company  are:  John  F. 
I  )r\ilen,  President ;  Leslie  D.  Ward,  Vice-President ;  Edgar  U. 
\\  ,ird.  Second  Vice-l^resident  and  Counsel  ;  Forrest  F.  Dryden, 
Si'cretary ;  Horace  Ailing.  Treasurer;  John  11.  Lunger,  M.in- 
ager  of  ()rdin.iry  llninch  ;ind  Actu.iry;  I'.dward  }L  llaniill, 
M.  I).,  .Medical  Director;  Wilbur  S.  Johnson,  Cashier.  Direc- 
tors; John  F.  Dryden,  Leslie  D.  Ward,  Horace  Ailing,  Edgar 
P>.  Ward,  Aaron  Carter,  Theo.  C.  E.  Blanchard,  Charles  (L 
C.impbell,  Eli.is  .S.  Ward,  .Seth  ,\.  Keeney.  Vrei\.  C.  ISkinc  h.ird. 
I'.dward  Kanouse,  Forrest  F.  Dryden,  Jerome  T.iylor  and 
William  T.  Carter. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  TLUSTRATED. 


203 


W 


EISELE  &   KING. 

'rril  tlioiijjjlufiil  men,  and  womrn  too.  life 
insurance  is  a  part  of  llicir  business  life. 
l'ios|n  rily  as  well  as  arlversity,  demonstrate  its 
importance  in  the  affairs  of  men.  It  is  an  effective 
means  in  securing  the  rewards  of  prosperity,  and 
freqnently  tills  the  n'ap  made  by  ad\ersity.  Anionic 
the  many  noted  life  insurance  companies  trans- 
acting business  here,  we  take  pleasine  in  meiition- 
ing  ihc  Kc|uilable  Life  Insurance  Society  of  the 
Unilrd  Slates,  which  is  so  ably  represented  in  New 
Jersey  by  "ur  well  known  fellou-tnwnsnien.  Messis. 
Eiselc  .and  King,  life-like  photos  of  whom  are  pn- 
srnlrd  in  the  illustrations  on  this  page. 

The  senior  member  of  the  tirm,  John  C.  Kisek  . 
was  born  in  this  city  August  I,  [.S6d,  and  w.i^ 
educated  in  the  Morton  Street  I'Liblic  .SchooL 
Starting  in  life  as  an  errand  boy  in  the  rni])li>\  of 
lienjaniin  F.  Mayo,  continuing  with  him  until  1SS5. 
when  he  embarked  in  the  life  insnr.nice  business, 
as  a  soliciting  agent  for  the  I^rudinti.il  of  this  cit)', 
and  later  with  the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  Society  ^ 

of  the  L'nited  States.  By  his  untiring  industry, 
attention  to  business  and  perseverence,  in  four 
years  he  had  risen  to  the  management  of  the  .Societ\'s  affairs  in 
the  State  of  New  Jersey,  increasing  the  business  from  a  few 
hundred  thousand  a  year,  to  the  proud  position  it  occupies  to- 
day as  the  largest  producing  agency  under  one  management,  in 
the  LInited  States. 

He  has  been  connected  with  the  building  .and  loan  associations 
of  this  city,  and  is  an  active  member,  being  President  of  the 
Norfolk,  and  Treasurer  of  the  Lincoln  lUiilding  and  Loan 
Associations.  Hiscareerin  real  estatetr.insaclions  h.is  .also  been 
unusually  successful,  being  to-day  a  large  owner  in  Newark 
real  estate,  and  deeply  interested  in  all  projects  for  the  advance- 
ment and  wellfare  of  the  city  of  Newark.  In  I1S93  he  was 
elected  to  represent  the  people  of  the  r3th  W.ird  in  the 
State  Legislature  and  was  re-elected  in  1S94,  by  the  county, 
having  received  the  the  largest  majority  ever  given  to  any 
.candid.ate  for  Assembly  in  Essex  County.  Mr.  Eisele  is  con- 
nected with  many  well-known  charitable,  benevolent,  social  and 


RK.'^IDEXl   t:    l)l'    JOHX    C.    KISEI.E,   ON    AVON   .WKNUK. 


JOHN    t^.    tlSELE. 


political  organizations,  being  ,1  member  of  Kane  Loilge,  No,  55, 
F.  &  A.  M..  L'nion  Chapter.  No.  7,  Lucerne  Lodge,  No.  181, 
I.  O.  O.  F.  Corinthian  Council,  Royal  Arcanum.  Arion  Singing 
Society,  North  End  and  Garfield  CUdis.  He  also  an  active 
member  in  a  large  number  of  Republican  associations. 

Inability  to  personally  attend  to  all  the  details  of  the  ever 
increasing  business  in  which  he  is  engaged,  necessitated  a 
division  of  labor.  He.  in  1894,  as.socialed  with  himself  in  the 
business,  Mr.  Nath.iniel  King,  who  is  the  junior  member  of  the 
hrni.  Nathaniel  King  was  born  in  Washington,  1).  C,  Octol)er 
29,  1866,  and  came  to  the  city  al  an  early  age.  Ciiadualing 
from  the  time-honored  Newark  Academy,  he  commenced  to 
sludv  the  profession  of  law  with  our  present  City  Counsel, 
Col.  E.  L.  Price,  but  gave  that  up  to  enter  upon  his  present 
business  of  life  insurance,  in  which  he  has  made  an  unprecedented 
success,  being  recognized  as  one  of  the  largest  personal  writers 
of  insurance  in  this  section  of  the  country.      In    1S94  he  entered 

into  parternership  with  Mr.  Eisele, 

.md    has    been    a    potent    factor   in 

placing  the   New   Jersey  agency  of 

the   lu|iiilalile  Life   Insmance  Soci- 

eU    of   the    United    States    in    the 

position  it  occupies  to-day. 

The  othcies  of  the  firm,  located 

in   the   Firemen's  Insurance  Build- 
ing, north-east  coiner  of  Broad  and 

Market  Streets,  is  one  of  the  mosl 

central    places    in   the    city.     The 

entire  second  lloor  is  taken  up  with 

the  business  of  the  company,  which 

continues  to  grow  steadily  in  favor 

with  the  best  citizens  of  this  city 

and  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 
The    honorable    and    successful 

career  of  the   New  Jersey   agency 

m    the    past,  is    a    happy    argury 

that  the  same  |)olicy  will  continue 

in  the  future,  which  has  heretofore 

directed  the  business  affairs  of  the 

Equitable  Life  Insurance  Society  of 

the  United  States, 


N.\  rFl.\NItI.     KING 


204 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLf'STRATED. 


LOUIS   A^   FELDER. 

NI'.WAKK.  with  her  steaily  gmwih,  will  no  (hmbl  in  the  near 
future  embrace  the  entire  coimty  of  Essex  and  portions  of 
Hudson.  Bergen,  Passaic  and  Union  Counties.  An  e\ent  no 
less  sur|)rising  lias  been  successfully  .-icconiplished  within  ,i 
brief  time  in  the  consolidation  of  Creater  New  Vorl<.  on  the 
1  ludson.  ICast  River  and  harl>or  co.ist  line.  In  llic  .ichievemtiit 
of  this  grand  project,  real  estate  will  form  no  small  part,  and  in 
this  connection  we  take  pleasure  in  calling  the  attention  of  oiu' 
fellow-citizens  to  the  merits  of  our  fellow-townsman,  Mr.  Lotus 
A.  Felcler,  whose  life-like  photo  and  residence  are  presented  in 
the  illustrations  on  this  page. 

Tliis  well-known  gentleman  commenced  his  present  real 
estate  career  in  tlie  office  of  the  late  James  F.  15ond.  in  1880, 
anil  after  .several  years  of  practical  service  he  succeeded  to  the 
entire  control  of  the  business,  in  the  management  of  which  he 
h.id  formerlv  been  an  assistant.  Mr.  Felder  is  a  n.itive  of  New- 
ark and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  this  city.  He  occupies 
very  pleasant  quarters  in  rooms  11  and  12  on  second  floor,  in 
the  Globe  Building.  800-804  Broad  Street,  corner  Mechanic. 
The  oflice  is  supplied  with  every  convenience  for  the  successful 
carrying  on  of  an  extensive  and  general  real  estate  and  insur- 
ance business.  He  buys,  sells,  lets  and  exchanges  city  and 
coinilr\  properly,  ])rocui"es  loans  on  mortgages,  invests  money 
without  loss  of  time  or  expense  to  the  lender,  and  makes  a 
specialty  of  renting  houses  and  collecting  rents.  He  generally 
has  a  variety  of  factories  and  residences  for  sale  and  to  let, 
also  parts  of  factories,  houses  and  flats,  and  all  business  is 
transacted  on  the  most  lilieral  terms.  Mr.  Felder  is  a  Commis- 
sioner of  Deeds  ,ind  a  Notary  Public,  also  a  thoroughlv  experi- 
enced man  in  writing  and  efteiting  insurance  in  the  most 
reliable  companies.  ]ironiiiient  among  whom  he  is  noted  as 
being  identified  with  the  American  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of 
Newark.  All  kinds  of  risks  are  taken  and  insured  at  the 
lowest  rates  conipatable  with  security. 

When  embarking  nri  his  present  career  ,is  a  real  estate  and 
instu'ance  broker,  he  had  the  advantage  of  having  received  a 
complete  training  in  the  oflice  of  James  F.  Bond,  deceased. 
After  thoroughly  mastering  all  the  details  of  the  business  and 
having  accumulated  during  the  past  seventeen  years  a  wide 
experience,  he  is  now  in  a  position  to  offer  extra  facilities  to  his 
numerous  customers  in  every  section  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs. 


RK.SinENCE   OF    LOUI.S    A.    FELDER,    ON    LITTLETON    AVE. 


LOUIS    .\.    FF.l.DKK 


CHARLES    J.    BROWN. 

IN  re\iewing  the  various  industries  for  which  the  city  has 
become  noted,  one  will  find  some  difficulty  in  selecting  a 
professidii  that  affords  greater  opportunities  for  profit  or  a  better 
source  of  investment  than  the  market  of  real  estate.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  reliable  methods  of  investment,  and  at  the  same 
lime  it  is  a  transaction  that  never  loses  the  power  of  securing 
virtue,  for  although  values  may  fall,  it  can  be  but  temporary. 
'I'his  branch  of  business  has  at  all  times  attracted  the  attention 
of  many   bright    and    able    men,  among   whom   we   find    .it   the 

present   tunc    Mr.   C.  J.   l>rown, 

real  est.ite  and  insurance  broker, 

located  at   Nos.  727-729  Broad 

Street,   adjoining   the  new    Post 

I  >llice  building,   a  life-like  photo 

engraving    of     whom     .ippears 

among   the  illustrations  in   this 

department  of  Essex  County, 

\.   J..    1  LL  u  s  r  R  A  r  E  ii.     Mr. 

Brown  devotes  his  |iersonal  at- 
tention to  a  general   real  estate 

business — buying,     selling    and 

exchanging  property,  attending 

to  the  duties  of  Notary  Public, 

Commissioner  of  Deeds,  negoti- 

.iting  loans  and  writing  lines  on 

insurance.     P.uticular  attention 

is  given  to  the  collection  of  rents 

and  the  management  of  estates. 

Mr.  Brown  is  a  Newarker  from 

Mw.iy  back,  a  man  of  honor  and 

a  worthy   representative   of  the 

real  estate  business.  cuakles  j.  hkown. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED 


2(>: 


THOMAS    H.   CONNELLY, 

A  photo  of  whom  is  ^iven  in  the  ilhistrations. 
is  a  resident  of  the  borough  of  \ailsburgh 
and  a  young  business  man  well  known  in  tju- 
tea,  coffee  and  spice  trade  among  many  families 
of  Essex  County.  Mr.  Connelly  makes  a  specialty 
of  and  devotes  himself  exclusively  to  selecting, 
buying  and  selling  the  finest  giades  of  Oolong. 
Japan,  Gunpowder,  Young  Hyson  and  many  other 
noted  brands  of  teas;  Mocha,  Java  and  liio 
coffees,  and  spices  of  all  kintls.  Regular  weekly 
deliveries  are  made  by  wagon  to  families,  restaurants 
and  hotels  throughout  the  county,  and  on  the  mo.si 
liberal  terms.  In  that  special  trade  he  is  enubli:d 
to  offer  the  public  a  superior  grade  of  goods  which 
for  freshness  and  flavor  are  unsurpassed,  ami 
wherever  his  goods  h.ive  been  gi\en  a  fair  trial 
additional  orders  have  resulted  therefrom.  Mi 
Connelly  is  a  Newarker  by  birth,  education  ami 
enterprises,  and  is  identified  with  many  charitable, 
benevolent  and  social  organizations. 


WILLIAM   F.   HAMILTON, 


RESIDENCE   OF    RICH,\RD    E.   COGAN,   ON    CI.IN'ION    AVENfE. 


AFHOTl)  of  whom  is  presented  among  the  Freeholders  on 
page  126,  is  a  well-known  and  highly  respected  citizen  of 
Orange,  in  which  city  he  was  born,  educated  and  conducts  a 
general  Hour  and  feed  business.  He  is  connected  with  many 
social,  benevolent  and  political  organizations  and  has  ably  repre- 
sented his  fellow-citizens  in  the  Assessor's  office  for  three  terms 
—  iSSS-Sg-po-in  the  council  chamber,  in  1891,  and  in  the 
Board  of  Freeholders  in  1893.  His  executive  ability  was  recog- 
nized when  lie  entered  the  board,  by  his  appointment  on  import- 
ant committees,  and  finally  by  his  election  as  director.  In  1896 
hf  was  again  re-elected  to  represent  the  people  of  his  ward  in 


the  council.  His  record  in  all  the  various  positions  in  which  he 
has  served  is  noted  for  his  ability,  fairness  and  honesty  of 
])urpoEe  in  the  discharge  of  public  duty. 


BOROUGH    HALL,    VAILSBURGH. 


JOSEPH   SMITH   SUTPHEN, 

A  LIFE-LIFE  photo  of  whom  is  given  in  the  illustrations 
representing  the  aldermen  of  Newark,  X.  J.,  on  page  141, 
first  saw  the  light  of  day  at  Bcdmenster,  Somerset  County, 
N.  J.,  in  April,  1839.  He  was  educated  in  the  ])ublic  school  of 
his  native  village  and  graduated  at  Chester  Institute,  N.  J.  In 
1861  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  his  brother.  Dr. 
I'.  J.  .Sutphen.  ,it  Peapack,  N.  J.  After  four  years  of  prepara- 
tion, including  six  months  of  practical  service  rendered  in  the 
Ward  United  States  General  Hospital,  at  that  time  located  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  he  graduated  from  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  in  1865.  .\fter  six  years'  practice  of  medicine  in 
his  native  county  he  removed  to  this  city  and  located  in  the 
Fifteenth  Ward, 
continuing  in  his 
profession  in 
connection  with 
a  drug  store.  In 
1 878  he  was 
elected  to  repre- 
sent his  Ward 
in  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Free- 
holders and 
served  during 
the  years  1878- 
79  80.  In  1891 
he  represented 
his  Ward  in  the 
Board  of  Educa- 
tion, and  in  1896 
was  chosen  by 
the  people  of  his 
Ward  to  re])re- 
sent  them  in  the 
Common  Coun- 
cil. IHU.MAb   li.  cu.N.NLLL'i . 


2()(> 


ESSEX  COrXTY,  X.  J.,  TELT'STRATED. 


WEST   END    LAND    IMPROVEMENT  CO. 

Rl'.XL  estate  is  so  designated  as  tl\ed  ]imperty  ; 
.  and  consequently  differing  from  personal 
or  movable  pro])ertv.  The  sini]ile-minded  abori- 
•^inis  of  the  Hacl<cnsacl<  tril)c.  who  liartered  a\va\ 
the  i^raiul  domain  encompassed  by  the  I'.ssex 
County  lines  for  about  two  hundred  dollars  worth 
of  merchandise,  assorted  in  small  lots  of  powdei. 
lead.  axes,  pistols,  swords,  kettles,  barrels  of  beer, 
troopers'  coats  and  breeches,  knives,  hoes,  b.arrels 
of  other  lic|Uors.  and  five  thousand  feet  of  w.impuni. 
more  or  less,  no  doubt  thought  they  were  getting  full 
value  received,  as  well  .is  giving  the  same,  but  the 
foresight  of  the  white  nut-ran  that  of  the  red  man. 
and  two  and  one-half  centuries  since  then  h.ut 
proved  lliat  tribes  of  men  of  either  colony  m.i\ 
come  or  go,  but  real  ov  fixed  estate  remains  fm 
ever. 

Kightv  thousand  acres  have  been  divided  up  into 
the  villages,  towns  and  cities  which  now  constitute 
Essex  Comity.    Some  of  these  are  now-  very  densely 
poiiulated,  so  that  the   l.uul  included  in  the  treaty 
effected  in   1666  by  the  contingent  of  Connecticut 
Puritans,  encouraged  by  Governor  Carteret,  whose 
claims  by  royal  gift  were  also  offered  as  concessions 
so  as  to  secure  their  title  clear  to  the  same,  all  of  which  since 
has  been  well  improved.     This  area  described  in  the  treaty  of 
purchase   as  all    the   uplands  and    meadows,   swamps,   rivers, 
brooks,  trees,  quarries,  mines,  etc.,  bounded   by  the  liay  on  the 
east,  the  Passaic   l\i\er  on   the  north,  the  Great   Creek  in  the 
meadow    running    to  the  head   of  the  cove,    .uid   bearing    back 
to  the  westward   to  the  mountain  called   ■■  Watchung,  S  miles 
west  of  the  Passayic,"  remains  to-day. 

Wry  .appropriate  was  the  name  which,  in  1667,  Rev.  Abner 
Pierson  liajnized  its  chief  settlement  with — "Newark" — for 
with  its  suburbs  and  environs,  it  has  proved  to  be  a  />!/,•  ai  k 
for  many  a  family,  and  established  homesteads  for  millions  since 
descendant  and  still  resident. 

As  a  rule,  over  all  this  little  more  than  one  hundred  square 
miles,  the  smile  of  health  and  prosperity  reigns,  and  though 
lacking  the   length  and   breadth   of  territoiies   in   the  West,  it 


RESIDENCE   OK    ERNEST   N.'^fiEL,    \  AI  I.SllLIRC. 

certainly  has  a  reputation  of  giving  the  greatest  possible  number 
of  spacious,  comfortable,  suitable  and  healthful  homes  to  be 
found  anywhere.  The  soil  is  of  great  diversity  in  character, 
from  rock  to  rich  loam,  and  the  ever-varying  altitude  of  the 
surface  can  be  equalled  nowhere  except  in  New  England  for 
dwelling  sites  and  adaptation  to  close  settlement  and  rail  access- 
ability  to  the  greatest  possible  number  of  citizens.  This  it  is 
in  the  future,  as  it  has  in  the  past,  will  contribute  to  place  Essex 
County  and  keep  her  in  the  very  front  rank  of  advancing  art 
and  industry;  while  also  affording  within  her  mountain  parks 
the  most  perfect  suburban  retreats  for  healthfid  and  charming 
homes.  Her  manufacturing  sites  are  the  best  and  most  numer- 
ous of  any,  and  most  contiguous  to  the  great  marts  of  trade; 
vast  numbers  of  these  are  already  occupied  by  great  factories 
and  representing  almost  every  staple  industry  known,  as  our 
pages  will  show,  but  there  is  ample  room   for  as  many  more 


HI;NRV    BJ.OEMliCKE,    PRESIDENT. 


when  properly  disposed,  and  es- 
peciall)'  after  our  reclamation 
of  the  salt  meadows  now  being 
planned  and  called  for.  So  we 
predict  that  our  resident  and 
manufacturing  re.il  estate  can 
not  seriously  decline.  \\'e  have 
no  malaria-ridden  bayous  or 
cyclone-swept  prairies,  and  w  hen 
the  coming  day  of  commercial 
reviv.il  shall  indeed  arrive,  and 
the  wheels  of  |)rodiicti\e  Ameri- 
can industries  uni\'ersally  turn, 
Essex  County  will  be  seen  and 
heard  in  the  advancing  proces- 
sion, and  stepping  to  the  high 
music  of  glad  progression  in  all 
the  arts  of  peace,  and  her  good 
credit  and  economic  record  will 
gradually  broaden  her  exchequer, 
extending"  through  banks,  build- 
ing and  loan  associations  and 
realiable  real  estate  agents,  till 
every    industrious    artisan   may 


ERNEST    NAGE].,    MANAGEK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


207 


have  his  own  home,  every  large  manufacturing  interest  its 
suitaljje  site  not  axailable  elsewhere,  and  this  become  a  mode! 
region,  miniature  of  what  the  true  patriot  and  statesman  could 
wish  the  nation  to  be — an  intlustrial  republic. 

About  midsummer  of  the  year  1S92,  a  few  well-known  youn.L; 
men,  perceiving  the  unusual  advantages  for  the  development  of 
that  beautiful  rolling  piece  of  land  then  known  as  the  Howell 
Farm,  located  on  South  Orange  Avenue,  just  above  the  Newark 
Shooting  Park,  in  tliat  pleasant  suburban  town  of  South  Urannge, 
now  the  thriving  Borough  of  \'ailsburgh,  combined  their  wealth 
and  knowledge,  and  on  July  29,  1892.  they  organized  the  corpora- 
tion now  known  as  the  West  End  Land  lm|)rovement  Company, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The  hrst  ollicers  of  the  company 
were:  Mr.  Henry  J.  liloeniecke,  Superintendent  of  the  Metro- 
politan Life  Insurance  Company  at  Brooklyn,  President;  Mr. 
Camil  P.  Nagel,  of  the  firm  of  Nagel  &  Kaut/.man,  coal  dealers, 
Vice-President;  Mr.  C.  \V.  Heilman.  undertaker  and  liveryman, 
and  at  present  a  Freeholder  of  Essex  County,  Treasurer;  and 
Mr.  Ernest  Nagel,  Secretary.  To  these  gentlemen,  in  a  large 
measure,  is  due  the  com])any's  phenomenal  success.  They 
still  serve  the  company  in  the  same  capacity,  with  one  excep- 
tion, Mr.  Ernest  Nagel  having  in  1S93  been  ajipointed  as  the 
company's  Manager,  at  which  time  Mr.  Charles  H.  Burgesser 
was  elected  Secretary. 

The  company  purchased  the  Howell  Farm,  which  has  a  front- 
age of  1,200  feet  on  South  Orange  Avenue  and  consisting  of 
over  700  building  lots,  and  the  property  was  opened  to  the 
public  on  Saturday  afternoon,  August  20.  1S92,  by  President 
Henry  J.  Bloemecke,  who,  after  outlining  the  company's  policy, 
introduced  as  the  orator  of  the  day,  the  oldest  resident  of  the 
borough,  the  then  County  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools, 
editor  of  the  iVc-wiir/c  Il,-m,  Dr.  M.  H.  C.  Vail,  who,  after 
delivering  an  eloquent  address,  unfurled  and  tlung  to  the  breeze 
the  American  stars  and  stripes  and  formally  christened  the  plot 
Columbian  Heights,  to  the  tune  of  "Hail  Columbia,"  struck  \.\\t 
by  \'oss'  full  First  Regiment  band,  who  were  in  attendance 
during  the  remainder  of  the  afternoon,  and  discoursed  popular 
and  national  music. 

The  property  is  all  restricted  for  residental  purposes  only, 
no  building  to  cost  less  than  §2,000,  anil  all  to  stand  back  ten 
feet  from  line  of  street,  a  very  wise  precaution  as  the  present 
appearance  of  the   streets  will  show.     The  coinpany  has  ful- 


filled all  of 
the  promises 
then  made. 
They  have 
laid  through- 
out all  the 
streets  as 
handsome  an 
artificial  side- 
walk as  ad- 
o  r  n  s  a  n  y 
properly  and 
which,  if  laid 
in  a  continu- 
ous  line 
would  be 
o\er  four 
miles  long. 
The  streets 
a  re  all  graded 
and  curbed 
and  adorned 
by  fine  maple 
shade  trees. 
A  pure  water 

supply  has  been  brought  to  the  property  from  the  Pequannock 
water  sheds  by  way  of  Newark  and  a  perfect  drainage  system 
established.  The  first  home  on  the  property  was  begun  during 
the  winter  of  1892,  and  was  occupied  by  Mr.  Etnil  Schwieo-,  its 
owner.  January  i,  1893,  just  four  months  after  the  formal  open- 
ing of  the  property.  Other  dwellings  followed  in  rapid  succes- 
sion until  at  the  present  time  of  writing,  no  less  than  forty-two 
residences  of  as  pleasing  an  architecture  and  structural  stability 
as  will  be  found  in  any  niunici])ality  in  the  State  adorn  this 
beautiful  property.  The  comi)any's  terins  are  very  reasonable 
and  of  a  special  character  and  of  unusual  advantage  to  pur- 
chasers. It  assists  home  builders  not  only  financially  but  also 
in  an  advisory  manner  which,  owing  to  the  vast  experience  of 
its  individual  members  in  that  line,  it  is  fully  qualified  to  do.  It 
has  engaged  the  services  of  a  com])etcnt  and  experienced  archi- 
tect who,  owing  to  the  origin.ility  of  his  designs  and  complete- 
ness of  interior  arrangements  and  details,  and  close  attention 


AMM.    1'.    NAOIJ-,    Vlf 


PKKSinLNT. 


C.    VV.     HEII.MAN,    TKEASUKER. 


10  the  interests  of  his  clients,  has 
^i\en  complete  satisfaction.  He  is  at 
ihe  service  of  all  intending  investors 
nid   home  seekers. 

The  West  End  Land  Improvement 
I  ompany  is  certainly  supplying  a  long- 
ii  It  want,  by  assisting  persons  of 
moderate  means  to  own  their  homes. 
-ithoiU  extortion,  on  .1  perfect  and 
si>und  basis,  dealing  fairly  and  honestly 
with  its  customers.  May  success 
ilways  crown  its  efforts  and  serve  as 
111  example  for  others  to  follow. 

The  company  has  a  pleasant  and 
>  onveniently  located  business  office  on 
1  he  first  tloor  of  the  Niagara  Fire 
I  nsurance  Company  building,  766 
iJioad  Street,  near  Market,  where  its 
|iopular  and  congenial  manager  can  be 
lonsulted  every  morning.  At  all  other 
I  lines  he  can  be  found  at  the  company's 
ollice  on  "Columbian  Heights."  In 
the  illustrations  are  represented  life- 
like photos  of  the  officers. 


rllAKLES    11.    RUKGESSEK,    SECKEl  AKV. 


20S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


C 


A.  J.  GLESS. 

(  iMl'F.TITIi  )N   is   the  mil   essence   of  all 
progress.     It  is  met  witli  in  every  depart- 


iiiL-nt  of  industry  and  human  activity.  It  stimu- 
lates and  encourages  inventivc-ness  and  enter- 
prise, and  enlivens  private  life  as  well  as 
business.  The  steady  development  of  Essex 
County  real  estate  interests  is  due,  in  a  large 
degree,  to  tlie  honorable  and  conservative 
method  pursued  by  the  energetic  men  who 
have  so  ably  represented  this  important  branch 
of  induslrv.  At  no  time  have  they  sought  to 
create  or  inllate  values,  but  rather  to  retain  the 
market  upon  the  basis  of  .actual  worth,  as 
regard  an  income  producing  capacity. 

There  are  but  few,  if  any,  interests  in  this 
industri.d  centre  tint  are  not  secondary  to 
that  of  real  estate,  and  in  this  connection  it 
will  not  be  <jut  of  place  to  leccjrd  the  promoteis 
of  this  profession,  .and  in  particular,  some  of 
those  enterprising  men  who  have  given  to  real 
estate  such  a  helping  hand  as  has  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  Mr.  Augustine  J. I  '.less,  real  estate 
and  insurance  broker,  located  on  the  southwest 
corner  of    Springfield    and    Belmont   Avenues. 

This  young  and  enterprising  German-American  citi/en  has 
done  much  towards  e.Ntending  the  material  growth  of  the 
westerlv  section  of  the  city  of  Newark,  by  his  honorable  deal- 
ing and  strict  attention  to  business.  A  general  real  estate  and 
insurance  business  is  conducted  by  Mr.  Gless,  who  devcjtes  his 
personal  attention  to  the  buying,  selling  and  exchanging  of 
every  description  of  property,  and  takes  upon  himself  the  entire 
care  of  estates  ;  he  negotiates  loans  on  bonds  and  mortgages,  and 
writes  lines  of  fire  and  life  insurance  policies,  for  all  of  which 
he  has  exceptional  facilities.  His  office,  which  is  presented  in 
the  illustration  on   this  page,  is  admirably  fitted   up  with  every 


MH.    A.    J.    GLliSS. 


OFFICE   OF    ,\.    J.    CLESS,    CORNER    SPRIN(;FIELD    AND    llELiMONT    ."WENUFS. 


convenience  for  the  accommodation  of  his  numerous  clients,  and 
his  wide  e.xperience  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  real  estate 
market  enables  him  to  transact  the  business  of  his  clients  with 
promptness  and  dispatch.  A  glance  at  the  life-like  photo  pre- 
sented on  this  page,  tells  the  manner  of  man  he  is,  and  speaks 
louder  to  the  reader  of  this  page  than  anything  the  writer  could 
say. 

.Mr.  Gless  is  rated  as  one  of  forniost  real  estate  insurance 
brokers  in  Essex  County,  and  is  a  worthy  representative  of  the 
profession.  Among  the  many  able  and  enterprising  men  who 
have  chosen  this  calling,  in  order  to  gather  the  necessities  of 
life  from  its  proceeds,  or  to  build  up  a  fortune,  all  do  not 
succeed.  Many  yield  to  its  bright  allurements,  and  witnessing 
the  marvelous  success  won  by  men  of  the  pattern  of  A.  J.  Gless. 
enter  but  the  portals,  wait  but  a  brief  time,  and  then  retire. 

Had  thev  but  learned  the  way  from  those  on  whom  dame 
fortune  smiled,  they  would  have  heard  the  same  old  honest 
answer,  "  Commence  with  a  determination  to  win  ;  "  read  the 
motto  carefully,  "by  industry  we  thrive;"  study  the  self-reli- 
ance which  speaks  from  every  lineament  of  his  countenance, 
and  learn  from  him  how-  to  win  in  the  real  estate  business. 

There  is  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  wide-awake  business  men 
in  regard  to  the  western  section  of  Newark  being  the  locality, 
th.it,  in  the  near  future,  will  furnish  unsurpassed  opportunities 
for  investors,  who  are  continually  seeking  for  the  most  profitable 
inxestments  for  their  funds.  That  part  of  the  city  is  now  open 
for  solid  improvement,  and  its  de\elopment,  in  the  near  future, 
will  increase  more  rapidly  aiifl  become  permanent,  especially 
when  Clinton  Township  is  annexed  to  the  city  and  admitted  as 
a  new  ward,  towards  creating  a  "Greater  Newark."  ,  The  ex- 
tremes will  never  run  away  from  the  centre  of  the  city,  Spring- 
field and  Belmont  .Avenues  being  now  one  of  the  centres.  It 
was  this  fact  that  induced  Mr.  A.  J.  Gless  to  establish  his 
oIIkc  on  that  corner.  His  office  hours  are  usually  from  9  to 
1 .  and  again  in  the  late  afternoon,  during  which  time  he  m.ay 
be  found  faithflUy  engaged  with  the  interests  of  his  customers. 
Mr.  Gless  takes  a  great  delight  in  his  honored  profession,  and 
devotes  to  all  its  various  details,  a  continues  study.-which  has 
enabled  him  to  become  an  expert  in  values.  A  view  of  his 
elegant  new  residence  will  be  found  on  the  following  page. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


209 


FRANK  WISIJOHN. 

AMONG  the  many  real  estate  men  who  are 
rapidly  gaining  prominence,  few  are  making 
more  steady  progress  than  our  fellow-townsman. 
Frank  Wisijohn,  one  of  the  youngest  representa- 
tives in  the  business,  who  began  liis  real  estate 
career  under  Mr.  Thomas  J.  Gray,  in  1882.  Mr. 
Wisijohn  occupies  very  pleasant  office  rooms, 
corner  Broad  and  Bank  Streets,  over  the  National 
Newark  Banking  Co.,  where  he  devotes  his  per- 
sonal attention  to  the  general  real  estate  and 
insurance  business,  in  selling,  buying,  renting  and 
exchanging  city  and  country  porperty,  procures 
loans  on  mortgages,  invests  money  without  expense 
to  the  lender,  and  writes  lines  on  insurance.  Mr. 
Wisijohn,  whose  photo  is  herewith  presented,  makes 
a  specialty  of  collecting  rents  and  caring  for  estates, 
on  the  most  reasonable  terms.  He  is  a  Newarker 
by  birth  and  education,  and  a  worthy  representa- 
tive of  the  real  estate  fraternitv. 


THOMAS  J.  GRAY, 

IN  calling  the  attention  of  our  fellow-citizens  to  the  numerous 
engravings  presented  on  the  pages  of  EsSEX  COUNI  v, 
N.  J.  Illustrated,  we  are  justly  proud  of  the  life-like  photo  of 
our  fellow-townsman  Thomas  J.  Gray,  who  has  done  much  in 
advancing  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  Newark.  Mr.  Gray 
is  a  worthy  representative  of  the  real  estate  profession,  and 
for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  handled  large  estates. 
Watching  the  interests  of  his  clients,  and  being  just  and  true  to 
all.  is  what  has  gained  for  him  the  confidence  of  the  public. 
His  appraisements  for  executors,  by  order  of  courts,  have  never 
been  questioned.  Since  1870,  he  has  been  so  closely  identified 
with  values,  that  we  do  not  wonder  that  prudent  investors,  who 
desire  to  buy,  sell  or  exchange  real  estate,  or  loan  money  on 
mortgage,  wherein,  like  a  savings  bank,  securitv  is  first  to  be 
thought  of,  frequently  remark,  "  What  is  Mr.  Gray's  opinion." 
That  settles  it.     A  good  name  is  like  precious  ointment. 

Mr.  Gray's  present  oflice  in  the    Clinton   Building,  is  almost 
within  a  stone's  throw  of  where  he  commenced  business,  in  a 


KliSlUENCE    IIF    A.    J.    GI.KsS,    ON    H  t)  N  I  KKIJON    SrKEET. 

modest  way,  twenty-seven  years  ago.  If  knowledge  of  values 
of  property  located  anywhere  in  our  city,  county  or  State,  are 
requisites  as  appraisements  of  value,  coupled  with  excellent 
judgement  and  prudent  counsel,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  fully 
merits  all  we  have  said.  The  business  looks  to  be  on  the 
eve  of  recovery  from  long  depression.  Real  estate  has  suffered 
but  is  fast  coming  to  the  front.  Mr.  Gray  is  a  gentleman  in 
every  sense,  and  is  a   worthy  representative  of  the  profession. 


A 


JAMES    MARLATT, 

I'HOTO  of  whom  is  presented  on  page  127  of  this  illus- 
trated work,  was  born  at  Beatyestown,  Warren  County, 
this  Slate,  January  6.  1840.  Coming  to  this  city  in  T865,  he 
started  in  the  grocery  business  witli  John  Robertson,  his 
brother-in-law.  In  1872,  he  purchased  the  store  and  property 
of  J.  H.  Richardson,  and  continued  in  the  grocery  trade  until 
February  i,  1884,  when    he  commenced    a  wholesale   trade   in 


FKANK     WISIJOHN. 


the  prepared  fiour,  feed,  grain  and 
hay  business,  acting  as  agent  in  this 
city  for  E.  H.  Lairabee  &  Co., 
Chas.  H.  Paul  \-  Co.  and  Hetfield 
&  Uucker's  crackers  and  biscuit. 
Mr.  Marlatt  represented  the  citizens 
of  the  Tenth  Ward  in  the  Board  of 
Education  and  the  Common  Coun- 
cil, and  for  two  terms  he  represented 
the  people  of  the  Ninth  Assembly 
district  in  the  State  Legislature. 

Few  men  indeed  have  represented 
the  people  with  a  more  painstaking 
care  than  Mr.  Marlatt.  None  but 
words  of  praise  fall  from  the  lips 
of  his  constituents.  The  potent 
results  of  his  well  applied  legisla- 
tive and  business  acumen,  will 
long  remain  as  an  example  to 
future  generations.  Few  men  are 
better  known  in  the  business  com- 
munity, and  his  character  will  re- 
main an  heirloom  to  his  family. 


1  hdmas  j.  guav. 


L^IO 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J..  ILU'STRATBD. 


"51 


ML 


L   BAMBERGER  &  CO 

THE  people  of  Newark  aiui 
Essex  County  can  point  willi 
pardonable  piride  to  the  great  estab- 
lishment of  L.  Bamberger  6t  Co.. 
"the  always  busy  store."  whose 
place  of  business  is  represented  in 
the  illustration  shown  on  this  ])age. 
The  house  is  one  of  the  busiest  in 
its  line  in  the  city,  its  countei-s  being 
thronged  daily  by  the  leaders  of 
fashion.  A  large  number  of  people 
find  employment  with  this  enter- 
prising firm,  affording  some  idea  of 
the  magnitude  of  the  interests  in- 
volved. Each  flepartment  is  com- 
plete within  itself,  under  an  expert 
manager,  while  the  employees  are 
noted  for  their  promptness,  courtesy 
and  obliging  manners,  combining 
with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their 
duties  a  faculty  for  anticipating  the 
wants  of  patrons,  laying  before 
iheni  a  full  v.irietv  of  textuies.  pat- 
terns and  shades  from  which  to 
choose,  so  that  when  the  excellence 
of  the  slock  is  considered,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  rapid  sales  are  made 
and  general  satisfaction  given  to 
buyers.  The  firm  commands  the 
direct  patronage  not  only  of  the 
people  of  Newark,  the  Oranges, 
Belleville,  Bloomfield,  Montclair, 
Caldwell,  South  Orange  and  Irving- 
ton  and  the  other  surrounding 
subuibs,  but  its  mail  order  depart- 
ment affortls  a  ready  means  for 
people  from  Warren,  LIniun  and 
Sussex  Counties  to  satisfy  their 
wants.  Its  business  increases 
steadilv  and  the  house  foims  an 
im|)orlant  and  ever-growing  factor 
ui  the  commercial  activity  r.if  the 
1  it\.  The  name  anil  fame  of  the 
tirni  is  so  familiar  to  the  general 
public  that  further  comment  un  our 
part  would  be  surperfiuous.  Its 
connections  are  wides])read  and 
influential  both  at  home  and  abroad, 
its  facilities  for  securing  the  latest 
designs  and  novelties  for  domestic 

,ind  foreign  designs  and  manufactures  .ire  unei|,illi(l,  while  the 
rare  inducements  ollered  to  the  purchasing  public  cmnot  be 
duplicated  elsewhere. 

The  firm  of  L.  Bamberger  tS:  Companv.  by  their  push  and 
enterprise,  have  retained  in  this  city  much  of  the  local  trade 
that  heretofore  went  to  New  ^'ork  houses.  ,uid  it  is  an  unde- 
niable fact,  that  this  wide-awake  house  is  to-dav  successfully 
competing  with  many  large  firms  in  "(ire.iier  New  N'ork,"  in 
the  wonderful  induiemenls  offered  to  the  public  in  tlieir  line 
of  trade.  In  these  days  of  close  rivalry  and  competition  in 
business  of  every  description,  the  really  useful  men  of  the  city 
are  those  who,  with  a  ready  hand,  are  helping  to  push  on  the 
developments  of  her  commercial  interests,  and  aid  in  fostering 
those   branches  of   the    tr.ide    for    which    the    communit\    has 


LeAMBERGfJ;,.^;- 


2  Wfi   ^^ 


F.MPORIU.M    nl-     L.    r.AMl;EKi;liR    A    CO.,  ON   MARKET    ST1-;EE1'. 


become  so  noted.  The  educational  industries,  in  ,i  measure, 
take  care  of  themselves,  but  it  is  the  class  of  enterprises  th.it 
depends  wholly  on  the  industri.d  |)erseverance  of  the  wide- 
awake merchant,  that  after  .dl  tend  most  widely  to  the  build- 
ing up  of  the  city's  commercial  reputation.  Prominent  among 
this'class  of  industries,  is  the  dry  and  fancy  goods  trade  that  is 
so  .ibly  represented  by  L.  Bamberger  &  Co.,  "the  always  busy 
store,"  and  one  of  the  most  noted  houses  in  this  line  of  goods 
m  Newcuk."  The  firm  is  located  on  Market  Street,  in  the 
busiest  part  of  the  city,  on  the  block  bounded  by  Broad  and 
Ilalsey  Streets.  The  ])lant  is  one  of  the  finest  structures  on 
the  street,  and  the  stock  is  the  largest  and  best  selected  in  its 
line  of  anv  house  in  the  city.  The  employees  are  polite  and 
aim  In  every  means  to  please  the  purchasing  public. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


2n 


JOHN   C.   SCHELLER 

THE  art  of  bookbinrling  is  one  of  tlif  ancient  i 
is  a  useful  and  valuable  invention  to  iiiank 
those  engaged  in  this  particular  trade,  we  raention 
the  name  of  our  fellow-townsman, 
John  C.  Scheller,  ulterior  views  of 
whose  shop  is  presented  on  this  pai;e. 
with  a  life-like  photo  of  the  gentleman 
inider  consideration.  Durini;'  the  past 
eighteen  years  he  has  been  connected 
with  the  bookbinding  trade  of  this 
ritv,  and  through  erUerprise,  artistic 
skill  and  mechanical  ability,  has  suc- 
ceeded in  establishing  one  of  the  best 
equipped  plants  to  be  found  in  Essex 
County.  The  bindery  is  located  m  the 
Central  Railroad  building,  S34-S36 
liroad  Street,  Mr.  Scheller  being  a 
thorough,  practical  mechanic  in  the 
business,  and  devoting  his  personal 
attention  to  every  iletail  with  careful 
supervision  and  good  taste,  he  is  en- 
abled to  execute  the  higher  grades  of 
work,  such  as  Levant  (crushed  and 
inlaid),  genuine  Russia,  Sealskin,  Alli- 
gator, Turkey  Morocco,  polished  and 
Tree  Calf,  etc,  in  style  and  finish 
equal  to  any  binder  in  the  world. 
Special  attention  is  devoted  to  public  and  priv 
colleges,  etc.     Single   books  of  every  description 


ndiistiies  and 
incl.  Among 
with  pleasure 


JOHN    C.    SCHELLER 


ivate  libraries, 
are   i)rinted, 
ruled   and   bound    to    any    pattern    required  ;   ami     perforating. 


numbering,  punching,  stamping,  embossing,  round  corner 
cutting,  wire  stitching,  eyeletting  and  edge  gilding  is  promptly 
executed  with  neatness  and  dispatch  for  the  trade.  The  highest 
premiums,  silver  medals  and  diplomas  have  been  awarded  to 
Mr.  Scheller  for  the  superiority  of  his 
workmanship  in  the  bookbinding  line. 
lie  is  also  the  inventor  of  several  use- 
ful styles  of  self-binders  which  have 
liilhllcd  a'  long-felt  want  among  liter- 
ary people.  Proniplness,  neatness  and 
dispatch  is  llir  motto  of  Mr,  Scheller's 
est.ablishment. 

'I'lie  following  is  what  a  Berlin  ((ler- 
niany)  professor  has  to  say  : 

••  1  take  great  pleasure  in  extend- 
ing my  sincere  thanks  for  the  beauty 
of  binding  of  the  volume  of  our  family 
gene.ilogy,  just  secured. 

Prof.  D.  MlCKLEV." 

From  .Ambassadur  Runvon,  IJerlin, 
(lermany  : 

■■  Okak  Mk.  SfHKl.LKR.— 1  thank 
you,  my  dear  friend,  for  the  beautifully 
bound  copy  of  "  New.irk,  X.  ].,  llliis- 
Ir.iled," 

A  souvenir  from  Kane  Lodge,  of  the 
late  Ambassador  Runyon,  in  full  Tur- 
key Morocco,  llexible,  is  a  rare  sample 
of  his  handiwork,  as  well  as  one  of  the  same  of  John  ^L  Ran- 
dall, by  the  State  Hank  ;  also  an  elegant  volume  in  full  Morocco, 
.1  souvenir  to  Hon.  James  L.  Mays,  of   the  lio.ird  of   Education. 


j/    J      r         <'l''lll^'/     y^'/'<    ''""^    '^  f<  '-'''    ^^''^   "'\ 


U2 


ESSEX  COrWTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


R.  WALSH   &   CO 

THERE  are  few  people  in  the  eity 
iif  Newark,  or  within  twenty 
miles  around,  who  are  not  familiar 
with  the  name  of  Walsh,  the  confee- 
lioner.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
linn  of  R.  Walsh  &  Co,  of  157  Market 
.Street  and  673  Broad  Street,  are  the 
leading  confectioners  and  ice  cream 
makers  of  New  Jersey.  With  good 
t|uality  goods  at  reasonable  prices, 
they  cater  to,  and  have,  the  popular 
trade  of  the  city  and  vicinity.  Thev 
arc  widely  and  favorably  known  to 
both  the  dealers  in,  and  consumers  of, 
sweets  and  ice  cream  which  they  man- 
ufactiu'e,  both  for  the  wholesale  and 
retail  trade.  Occupying  the  whole  of 
the  four  floors  and  basement  facing  on 
Market  Street  (No.  1571  and  Wilbur's 
.Alley,  and  a  newly  buiit  two-stoiy 
extension  in  the  rear  to  Library  Courl. 
yet  they  are  crowded  for  room. 

In  the  basement  of  673  Broad  Street 
uhe  branch)  they  also  manufacture 
specialties  for  the  retail  counter.  Since 
the  business  was  started  nearly  a 
(piaiter  of  .i  centur\  ago,  at  the  old 
stand  at  121  .Market  Street,  its  owners 
have  made  a  steady  progress  to  their 
present  position  as  the  pojiular  con- 
fectioners. Both  the  owners,  whose 
portraits  appear  on  this  page,  are 
l)ractical  confectiotiersand  well-known 

Newarkers.  The  other  pictures  show  an  exterior  and  interior 
view  of  the  Market  Street  store  with  large  ice  cream  saloon  in 
rear.  Their  ice  cream  plant,  capable  of  turning  out  200  quarts 
of  ice  cream  in  20  minutes,  is  fully  eqinp|ied  with  all  the  latest 
improved  machinery  and  appliances  adapted  to  the  industry. 
It  includes  a  ferocious  looking  teethed  ice-breaker,  whose  maker 
guarantees  it  capable  of  chewing  up  a  ton  of  ice  in  five  minutes. 
That  this  monster  has  been  kept  busy,  may  be  granted,  when 
during  the  five  warm  months  of  1.S96.  3.500  tons  of  Hudson  Rivei' 

ice  was  used. 

All  the  machinery 
is  rim  bv  electric 
power,  witli  Steam 
as  a  reserve  force 
in  case  of  accident. 
A  large  force  of 
hands  are  emploved 
b\  this  firm  in  the 
many  departinents 
of  the  two  stores,  in 
the  manufacluring 
and  sale  of  the  con- 
fee  tionery,  popcorn 
goods  and  ice 
(  rc.im.  i  his  house 
is  particularly  noted 
for  their  fine  nea- 
politan  ice  cream  in 
bricks,  which  they 
deliver  by  their 
KOBEKT  wAisH,  numeious     wagons 


i;i'iT.lilNi;  ov  R.  w.iVi.sH  a.  Cd.,  on   market  ,S'I 


loall  parts  of  the  city  and  suburban 
towns,  and  further,  ship  to  all  parts 
of  the  State.  At  time  of  writing 
11897)  they  lia\e  in  mind  still  further 
extensions  and  improvements,  which 
will,  in  all  probability,  be  carried  out 
ere  this  book  meets  the  public's  eye. 

In  their  ]5articular   lines,  the    man- 
ufacture     and      sale     of    ice    cream, 
candies  and  confections,  R.  Walsh  &; 
Co.  have  kept    e\en  pace    with  those 
of   the  citizens    of  Essex   County   en- 
gaged   in   the   same   or   like   callings, 
who  ha\e  marked  the  highest  degree 
of   success,  and  have  outstrode  many 
who    had     looked    down    upon    them 
when    beginners,   as  business   foemen 
not    worthy   of    their   steel.      .-Xlways 
modest   and    unobtrusive,    the    senior 
member     of     the    firm,   Mr.     Robert 
Walsh,    has  pursued    his  wav  up  the 
slippery  sides    of  the    hill  of   fortune, 
holding    firmly  every    inch  gained    on 
the  perilous  way.     No  blare  of  trum- 
pets  announce    his   advance,  as    each 
season      for    his     always    seasonable 
goods    approached,    but    the   people, 
.ilways  wide  awake  to  the  best  possi- 
ble chances  to  procure  the  very  best  of 
goods    at    the    most    moderate  prices, 
dways    found    the  promises    made  in 
the  modest  advertisements  to  be  seen 
in    all   the  leading   newspapers,   to    be 
founded  on  truth  and  honest  business 
endeavors.       So    as    the    Inisiness    years    opened   and    closed, 
evidences  of  thrift  and  success  were  seen  accumulating  on  every 
side  of  the  Walsh   "  Candy  store."  as  the  snug  little   caboose 
at  the  old,  old  stand  at  No.  121   Market  Street  was  then  called. 
The  f.icl  that  such  evidences  were  apparent,  made  another 
fact  no  less,  with  the  proofs  drawn  from   such  unimpeachable 
witnesses  as    the  largely   increased  bank  accounts.     So  many 
orders  left  unfilled  owing  to  a  lack  of  space  wherein  to  conduct 
his     manuf.icturing 
and  to  transact  his 
business,  did  prove 
lo    possess   enough 
persuasiveness      to 
cause    the    project- 
ion     of     the     new- 
project    which     re- 
sulted in  the  secur- 
ance    of    the   great 
building     the    liiin 
now    occupy.      Mr. 
Frank    Wadsworth 
p  r  o  \  i  n  g    himself 
ni  o  s  t      acceptable 
as  a  brother-in-law , 
there  would   be  no 
mistake  in   his   ac- 
ceptance as  a  busi- 
ni  ss    ]iartner,    and 
results    prove    that 
t  h  e      combination 
was  a  good  one.  p^^^,,  „,,,d,„„rth. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


21;] 


ANDREW  A.    BURKHARDT, 

WIlnSE  photo  appears  in  tlie  illustrations  on 
tliis  page,  is  one  oi  Newark's  higlily  res- 
pected citizens  aiul  a  well-known  business  man  in 
the  eastern  section  of  the  city,  wliere  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  grocery  trade  for  more  than 
half  a  century.  He  is  prominently  connected  with 
numerous  German-American  associations  and  is 
the  President  of  the  Twelfth  Ward  German-English 
School,  on  Niag.ira  Street,  in  which  he  takes  great 
interest.  He  is  a  man  of  sterling  integrity  w  hose 
word  is  his  bond,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  his 
neighbors  and  all  who  h.ive  dealings  with  him  on 
business  or  public  affairs. 


JOHN    0.    HUNT, 


AI.IKIC-LIKIC  phnto  i)f  whom  appears  in  the 
illustrations  herewith  presented,  is  a  well- 
known  and  |)opular  business  man  of  the  Tenth 
Ward,  having  conducted  a  meat  and  vegetable 
trade  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century,  on  the  north- 
west corner  of  Walnut  and  Jefferson  Streets.  A 
well-selected  stock  of  beef,  mutton,  lamb,  veal  and 
])ork,  salt  and  smoked  meats,  hsh,  oysters  and 
clams,  sausages,  lard  and  other  food  supplies,  including  vege- 
tables in  season,  are  kept  on  hand.  The  store  has  excellent 
refrigerating  facilities,  enabling  the  pro])rietor  to  furnish  his 
customers  with  the  freshest  of  meats  during  all  seasons  of  the 
year  and  upon  the  most  reasonable  terms,  Mr,  Hunt  has 
represented  the  people  of  the  Tenth  Ward  in  the  Board  of 
Education  in  a  very  creditable  manner,  aiid  is  identified  with 
many  benevolent,  social  and  political  organizations. 


INIERIOK  VIKW  (II'   k.   U  Al.SH   .t  CO.'S  CONFF.C'IION' KR  V,  MAKKIVI'  .STK  KK'f. 


College  with  credit  and  satisfaction  to  himself.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  from  the  Twelfth  Ward  to  rt'present  his  (ellow-citizens 
in  the  PiOard  of  J^ducation,  .ind  served  his  constituents  faith- 
fully as  School  Commissioner  from  Janu.iry,  i<S9i,  to  May,  1X95. 
By  trade  he  is  a  steel  worker  ami  is  now  and  has  been  for  a 
number  of  years  employed  in  the  .\ew  Jersey  Steel  Works. 


JAMES  J.    MULLIN. 

WlliiSE  photo  forms  one  of  the  illustrations  in  the  school 
department  of  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  Ii.lustr.xted, 
first  saw  the  light  of  day  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  on  October  20,  1863, 
He  received  his  early  education  in  St.  James'  I^arochial  School 
and  at  the  evening  sessions  of  the  South  Market  Street  Public 
School,   graduatnig    from     Prof.    Mulvey's    Newark    Business 


THE 
nr 


WILLIAM    HARRIGAN. 

IE  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  striking  photo  of  whom  is 
presented  in  the  illustrations  displayed  on  page  140  of 
this  souxenir,  hrst  beheld  the  light  of  day  in  the  beautiful  land 
of  the  shamrock,  October  31,  1838.  Few  men  are  better  or  more 
widely  know-n  in  this  city,  where,  for  a  nundier  of  years,  he  has 
successfully  conducted  the  manufacture  of  mineral  waters. 
He  served  with  ability  on  the  Essex  County  Public  Koad  Board 
for  three  consecutive  terms,  and  was  ,1  delegate  to  the  Nation.d 


JOUN     (1.    ULN  r. 


Democratic  Conventions 
.It  Cl'.icago  in  1884  and 
St.  Louis  in  1888.  He  has 
represented  the  people  of 
I  he  Iron  liound  District 
(jf  this  city  in  the  State 
Eegislatuie  for  seven 
terms,  during  which  he 
advocated  in  the  Hou.se  of 
.Assembly  w'ith  success, 
the  passage  of  several 
iniport.ant  bills,  notably 
the  one  pr(i\iding  for  the 
st.imping  ol  all  goods 
manufactured  in  the  State 
Prison  with  the  n.ime  of 
ih.il  institution,  and  the 
bill  i)ro  V  id  i  n  g  for  the 
police  and  fire  commis- 
sioners of  Newark,  which 
has  been  highly  approved 
by  the  |)eopIe.  He  was 
the   pioneer  to   introduce 


\.    U.    UUKKMAKp.T. 


214 


ESSEX  CnUNTV.  N.  J..  JELVSTRATED. 


ill  llu-  House  of  Assemljly  a 
■\^atf"  l)ill,  coniiiellini;'  ihe  rail- 
mad  companies  to  erect  j;ates 
at  street  cinssings,  to  |ir(itei  t 
the  lives  of  the  people,  and  was 
tiiitirinif  in  his  efforts  to  have 
the  bill  passed  in  tlie  house,  de- 
spile  a  large  and  powerful  lobby. 
During  the  legislature  sessions 
of  1893-4,  he  served  with  marked 
distinction,  and  succeeded  in 
h.i\  ing  bills  en.icted  that  will 
accrue  gre.illv  to  the  benelit  of 
his  I  onstitucnts,  particul.uiv 
those  relating  to  the  establish- 
ment of  ,1  public  park  in  the 
Iron  lluund  district,  ami  the 
erection  of  a  much-needed  liri(  k 
sewer  running  through  the  east- 
ern section  of  the  city.  Mr. 
Harrigan  is  one  of  the  staunch- 
est  advocates  of  the  movement 
to  sei  lire  direct  legislation,  and 
tluring  the  session  of  the  legis- 
lature of  1S94,  hewasan  ardent 
.111(1  consistent  champion  of  the 
bill  to  provide,  for  the  people, 
the  right  to  choose  their  own 
l.iws. 

He  also  served  as  Sergeant  of 
Arms  of  the  House  of  Assemblv 
during  the   sessions    of    1891-2. 

He  has  represented  the  citizens  of  the  12th  Ward  in  the 
Common  Council  for  ten  vears,  during  which  time  lie  has 
discharged  his  duty  on  several  important  committees  in  a 
satisfactory  manner,  and  was  chosen  the  leader  of  his  party  in 
council  during  1896.  During  the  long  years  of  his  public  ser- 
vice, faithfully  rendered  in  behalf  of  the  people,  who  have 
reposed  their  contidence  in  him,  it  is  worthy  to  note  here,  that- 
no  accusation  or  even  suspicion  of  wrong-doing  h.is  ever 
tainted  his  good  name  or  impugned  the  motixes  of  this 
unostentatious    and    generous-hearted    citi/en. 


srnKK    clI'-    V.    \\ ,     lllMl'S<IN,    niRNKR    KI.M    ,\NM>    PRnSl'KCT    .STRKKTS. 


F.   W.   TOMPSON, 


'^  m 


\VM.    JAfoBI. 


THIiRf-^  are.  perhaps,  but  few  commercial  enterprises  that 
contribute  more  directly  to  the  growth  and  prosperity,  or 
add  more  appreciably  to  the  importance  of  a  community,  than 
a  well-conducted  grocery  business.  Among  the  numerous  well 
equipped  family  grocery  stores  doing  business  in  this  city,  we 
take  pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of  one  of  our  young  and 
enterprising  citizens,  who  is  well  and  favorable  known  in  the 
grocery  trade,  Mr.  F.  \V.  Tonipson,  a  photo  of  whose  place  of 
business  is  presenteil   in  the  illustrations  shown  on  this  page. 

The  premises  occupied  are  located 

corner  Elm  and   l^rospect    Streets, 

.lud  are  well  .id.ipled  for  thegrocery 

business.        'I'he     store     is     neath 

.irrangcd  and  fully  eijuipped  with  :i 

choice  stock  of  well-selected  fancy 

and    staple   goods    in   the   grocer)- 

.iiid    provision   line,  embracing  new 

crop     teas,      collee,      pure      spices, 

lined    foreign   and   domestic   fruits, 

lieimatically     scaled    goods    in     tin 

.mil    glass;     in    fact,   everything    111 

llie    w-a\'    of    hoiisehoUl    ami     food 

supplies,  all   of   which    are  sold   for 

c.isli    at    the  lowest   possible  price, 

ami  delivered  free  to  customers  in 

any  part  of  the  cit\  or  its  suburbs. 
'I'he    best    goods    in    the   grocerv 

line  ,iie  in  stock,  :ind  llie  patronage 

includes  some  of  the   best  families 

in     the      city.     Mr.      'rom|)Son    is 

energetic,    courteous    and    reliable 

in  business,  stagy  b.  kittenhocse. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


215 


SPIELMANN,   STRACK  &  CO. 

THERE  are,  perhaps,  but  few  cities  in  the  United  States 
better  or  more  favorable  l<no\vn  in  the  trade  centres  of 
the  industrial  world  than  the  city  of  Newark,  N.  J.  This 
result  has  been  achieved  principally  through  the  finely  finished 
and  durable  quality  of  its  manufactured  products. 

Among  the  numerous  industries  which  have  contributed  to 
make  the  city  famous,  that  of  making  clothing  to  cover  and 
protect  the  human  body,  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  import- 
ant. Many  able  and  enterprising  citizens  have  been,  and  are 
now,  engaged  in  this  time-honored  branch  of  trade.  Among 
these  stand  the  well-known  firm  of  Spielniann,  Strack  &  Co.,  the 
one-price  clothiers  and  gent's  furnishers,  whose  place  of  busi- 
ness, located  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Market  and  Washing- 
ton Streets,  forms  an  illustration  on  this  page. 

The  firm,  photos  of  whom  appear  in  the  combination  presented 
here,  consists  of  E.  W.  Spielmann,  F.  P.  Strack  and  A.  Eschen- 
felder,  all  well-known  Newarkers  and  practical  business  men, 
each  of  whom  devotes  his  personal  attention  to  the  various 
processes  of  manufacture.  Thus  they  are  enaliled  to  fully 
guarantee  the  quality  of  all  goods  leaving  their  establishment. 
Each  department  is  admirably  equipped  with  every  modern 
appliance  known  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  business, 
and  the  greatest  attention  and  care  is  given  to  the  selection  of 
the  entire  stock,  and  especially  to  their  Woolens  and  Suitnigs, 
which  are  unexcelled  ;  and  as  they  employ  only  the  very  best 
talent  in  their  custom  departments,  the  trade  and  the  general 
public  have  confidence  in  this  trustworthy  and  enterprising  firm. 

The  garments  of  this  house  are  unrivalled  for  quality  of 
materials,  fit,  style,  durabihty  and  workmanshii).  In  their 
ready  made  clothing  and  furnishing  departments  the  range 
of  sizes  are  designed  to  fit  all  proportions  of  the  human  form, 
while  the  grades  of  style  and  quality  are  sufficient  to  meet  the 
wants  of  the  most  critical  and  exacting. 

Newark  has  ever  been  noted  as  a  great  centre  for  the  manu- 
facture of  clothing,  and  many  of  her  prominent  citizens  have 
been  identified  with  this  useful  and  important  industry.  The 
United  States  census  of  1890,  states  that  in  that  year,  there 
were  ninety-three  establishments  engaged  in  manufacturing 
clothing,  with  a  combined  capital  of  one  million  two  hundred 
and  fifty-one  thousand,  two  hundred  and  eighty-seven  dollars, 
invested  in  the  business.  Since  that  time  there  has  been  a 
considerable  increase  in  this  trade,  notwithstanding  the  depres- 


MKMBKKS   OF    THE    FIK.M    OF  SPIELM.VNN,    STKACK  .t   CO. 


SIMELM.ANN,    STRACK    i^-    CO.'s    CLorHINf,    HOUSK,    COKNKR 
MAKKKf    AND    WASHINf.TON    .STRF.ET.S. 

sion  that  has  existed  in  all  industries  during  the  past  four  years. 
However,  there  is  every  prospect  of  l)righter  times  ahead,  and 
no  doubt  the  clothing  trade  will  be  one  of  the  first  to  regain  its 
former  prestige  among  the  industries  of  this  citv. 

The  wide  awake  firm  of  Spielmann,  Strack  tV  Company,  are 
noted  as  one  of  the  most  energetic,  courteous  and  reliable 
houses  engaged  in  the  clothing  trade  of  Newark.  Their  store 
is  most  eligibly  located  on  a  ])rominent  corner,  presenting  a 
handsome  expanse  of  elegantly 
dressed  plate  show-windows,  facing 
on  Market  and  Washington  Streets. 
This  house  never  varies  from  the 
one  uniform  standard,  and  that  is 
always  the  best.  In  addition,  they 
rairy  a  most  complete  and  tempt- 
ing stock  of  fine  furnishing  goods 
for  gentlemen — dress  and  outing 
shirts  in  all  materials,  stylish  hats 
and  fashionable  neck-wear,  etc.  A 
large  staff  of  courteous  and  alert 
assistants  attend  carefully  to  the 
wants  of  customers,  who  can  rely 
upon  the  (juality  of  all  goo<ls  pur- 
chased here.  The  proprietors  are 
business  men  who  acknowledge  no 
su|K:riors  in  their  line,  and  are 
confident  that  the  public  will  recog- 
nize the  superior  merits  of  their 
establishment  liy  comparison  of 
goods  and  prices  of  other  houses. 


216 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


JOSEPH    P.   CLARKE, 


THE  illustraliun  hercwitli  presented  shows  to 
the  rcMcler  a  naliiral  \ie\v  of  the  large  and 
well  e(|nipped  wholesale  prockice  and  commission 
house,  conducted  by  our  well  known  fellow-towns- 
man, Joseph  P.  Clarke,  located  on  the  northeast 
corner  uf  Mulberry  and  Commerce  Streets.  This 
enterprising  citi/en  was  connected  for  a  number  of 
\<ars  with  the  well-known  fn  ni  of  Rhodes,  Chand- 
ler I.S;  Co..  and  commenced  the  present  business  in 
an  lunnble  way  sojiie  fourteen  years  ago.  By  close 
attention  In  his  business  and  his  honorable  deal- 
ings with  tlie  public,  he  is  now  at  the  head  of  one 
of  the  largest  houses  engaged  in  the  produce  and 
commissicni  industry  in  the  citv  of  Newark.  The 
storerooms  are  admirably  ei|uipped  with  all  the 
mo(lcrn  conveniences  and  appliances,  inclnding 
.unple  storage  and  perfectly  constructed  refriger.i- 
liirs.  Fifteen  assistants  are  employed,  and  five 
delivery  wagons  add  to  the  effecli\eness  of  the 
.serxice. 

The  house  handles  he. ivy  consignments  of  tropi- 
cal and  nati\e  fruits,  Canadian  vegetables,  berries, 
poultrv,  calves,  pork,  eli  .,  \\  hich  are  received  du'ect 
from  the  leading  anil  most  reliable  sources  of 
supply.  The  favorable  connections  established  by 
Mr.  Clarke  enable  him  to  place  consignments  promptly  and  in 
the  most  profitable  market,  and  though  never  neglecting  his 
business,  he  has  found  time  to  act  the  ]>art  of  a  good  citizen, 
having  represented  his  district  in  a  creditable  manner  in  the 
State  Legislature.  A  photo  of  .Mr  Clarke  is  presented  on  page 
127,  with  other  representative  citizens,  and  speaks  for  itself. 

Vou  will  find  this  house  ready  to  answer  any  cjuestion 
relative  to  their  business  by  return  mail.  Cards,  stencils  and 
market  ciuotations  mailed  on  application. 


'      i    1    if!!, 


COMMISSION    IIOfsK    OF    J.    T.    CL.ARKK,    Ml•|,^^,RR^'    AM>    Cd.MMERCF.    STS. 


THI 
1 


KM'.\llMSlIMr,N  I     Ot    W.    f.    DUNN    ON    MAKKEf    STKKICf. 


WALTER   p.    DUNN. 

lERE  is  no  trade  that  requires  a  more  thorough  knnw- 
ledge  of  details  than  that  which  1  elates  to  the  health  of 
the  people  residing  in  large  i  ities.  .iiid  the  sanitary  condition  of 
the  homes,  worksh()|)S  and  public  institutions,  in  which  we  are 
confined.  I'lumbing  li.is.  ol  recent  years,  become  practicallv  a 
science,  and  upon  its  [iroper  application  and  study,  much  will 
depend  on  the  solution  of  numerous  questions  regarding  drain- 
age, ventilation  and  sanitary  conditions.  Much  sickness  and 
disease  in  cities  has  been  traced  to  the  effects  of  poor  plumb- 
ing, in  the  homes  of  many  people  who  where  in  ignorance 
regarding  this  terrible  evil  existing  in  their  household. 

It  has  been  clearly  demonstrated  by  the  most  eminent  ,iiid 
disinterested  jihysicians,  that  defective  sewers  and  drains  pro- 
duce malaria,  with  all  its  attendant  evils.  Hence,  it  becomes 
the  duty  of  every  person  wlm  values  health,  to  make  a  thorough 
inspection,  from  time  to  time,  of  the  ])luint)iiig  work  in  their 
homes  and  workshops,  as  the  very  best  work  in  this  line  gets 
out  of  repair  with  remarkable  ease.  In  connection  with  these 
remarks,  we  take  great  pleasure  in  calling  the  attention  of  the 
[lenple  of  Newark  to  one  of  the  best  known  sanitary  plumbers 
in  the  city,  Mr.  Walter  I'.  I")unn.  a  photo  of  whose  business 
place  is  here  presented  in  the  illustration  on  this  page.  During 
the  past  thirty  vears  this  enterprising  ami  inthistrious  citizen 
has  conducted,  in  all  its  \arious  branches,  the  plumbing 
business  ;ind  has  at  all  times  given  to  his  numerous  customers 
entire    satisf.action    in    this   all-important    branch     of   industry. 

The  plant  is  located  at  No.  98  Market  Street,  and  is  one, 
among  the  many,  well-equipped  sanitary  plumbing  and  healing 
establishments,  for  which  the  city  of  Newark  is  noted  Since 
tlie  death  of  the  founder,  which  occured  in  August,  1895,  the 
business  affairs  of  the  house  have  been  ably  conducted  under 
the  title  of  Walter  1'.  Dunn.  Incin'porated,  and  the  public  can 
rest  assured  ih.'it  the  same  treatment  will  continue  in  the  futuie 
that  has  directed  ils  business  in  the  p.ist. 

They  have  installed  numerous  heating  plants  throughout 
the  State  in  many  public  and  private  buildings.  The  system  of 
healing  bv  hot  water  has  been  made  a  specialty  by  them. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


217 


T 


J.  J.    HENRY    MULLER 

HE    foundatiDn    (if     Newark's    greatness    rests 
upon    her    manufacturing    interests.      Tliese 


liave  at  alt  times  been  regarded  as  her  crowning 
glory,  and  tlirough  the  genius  of  her  enterprising 
mechanics  and  inventors  she  has  achieved  a  world- 
wide reputation,  not  alone  because  of  their  great 
volume  and  general  excellence,  but  also  on  account 
of  their  wonderful  variety.  Over  two  hundred 
different  branches  of  industry  are  successfully 
carried  on  within  her  coporate  limits,  and  these  are 
continually  attracting  others  to  locate  here.  There 
are  but  few  cities  to  be  found  in  the  L'nited  States 
whose  people  are  occupied  in  employments  at  once 
so  important  and  yet  so  distinct.  For  this  vast 
diversity  of  pursuits,  her  citizens  have  reason  lo 
feel  grateful,  and  for  the  accruing  benefits  which 
have  so  fretjuently  been  enjoyed.  In  the  often 
recurring  panics  and  financial  distresses,  the  affairs 
of  the  people  of  Newark  have  never  been  as  des- 
perate as  ha\e  been  those  of  other  sections  of  the 
country  where  the  prosjjerity  of  the  inhabitanis 
has  mainly  depended  upon  the  condition  of  a  single 
industry,  no  matter  how  important  it  may  have 
been.  In  the  darkest  hours,  when  the  workshops 
of  Newark  have  seemed  to  languish  in  despair, 
work  has  never  ceased  in  many  of  the  factories. 
Great  credit  is  due  to  the  foresight  of  her  busi- 
ness men,  as  well  as  lo  the  genius  and  skill  of 
her  merchanics  and  inventors. 

In  this  connection  we  take  pleasure  in  placing 
before  the  readers  of  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  Im.us- 
TRATKI),  the  name  of  a  worthy  and  enterprising 
citizen,  whose  place  of  business  is  represented  in 
the  illustration  on  this  I'.ige,  Mr.  J.  J.  Henry  MuUer, 
who  conducts  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complclr 
furniture  houses  in  the  western  section  of  the  cily. 
The  furniture  trade  of  Newark,  like  every  other 
staple  branch  of  commerce,  comprises  every  class 
of  dealer,  with  corresponding  ratios  of  value  and 
excellence.  As  in  everything  else,  so  in  furniture, 
it  always  pays  to  get  the  best.  An  establishment 
which  stands  in  the  front  rank  of  the  choicest 
furniture  trade  of  this  city  is  that  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Heni\  Mullir. 
whose  otiices  and  warerooms  are  situated  at  Nos.  113,  115  and 
117  Springfield  Avenue.  This  extensive  business  was  foumlid 
in  1885  by  Messrs.  Muller  &  Schmidt,  who,  on  April  i,  1S90. 
moved  into  tlie  ]iremises  now  occupied  bv  Mr.  Muller.  In 
Januarv,  i''^94,  Mi.  Muller  succeeded  to  the  sole  control  of  the 
business  and  occupies  a  spacious  four-story  and  basement 
building.  75  x  100  feet  in  area,  fitted  up  with  all  modern  appli- 
ances, elevators,  handsome  plate-glass  front,  etc. 

The  first  floor  is  devoted  to  offices  and  general  lines  of 
furniture;  the  seccnid.  to  carpets,  oil-cloths,  etc;  the  third  Moor, 
to  dining-room  furniture;  and  the  fourth  lloor  lo  ch.imber  suils, 
etc.  This  is  the  finest  establishment  of  the  kind  in  Newaik. 
and  the  stock  also  includes  hall,  library  and  kitchen  furniuire, 
stoves,  ranges,  refrigeralors,  upholstered  goods,  sofas,  lounges, 
fancy  chairs,  rockers,  sideboards,  baby  carriages,  etc.,  which 
are  offered  to  customers  at  prices  that  defy  competition.  Only 
the  best  grades  of  furniture  are  handletl.  and  the  terms  are 
either  spot  cash  or  on  the  installment  plan  by  easy  weekly  or 
monthly  payments,  thus  presenting  to  all  an  opporlunity  of 
obtaining  what  they  want  for  housekeeping.  Mr.  Muller  tleals 
with  all  classes  of  ciiizens,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  completely 


FURNITURE    HOUSE    OF  .1.  J.  HENRY   MIJLI,ER,  ON    SPRINGFIELD    AVENUE, 


furnishing  all  sizes  of  houses  and  Hats.  He  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, but  has  resided  in  the  United  Slates  for  the  greater  jjarl 
of  his  life.  He  is  highly  esteemed  in  social  and  business  circles 
for  his  strict  integrity,  and  his  eslanlishmenl  is  a  prominent 
feature  of  Newark's  activity  and  enterprise.  Tlu-  slock  is 
valued  at  over  §50,000,  and  fifurn  clerks,  assistants,  clc,  are 
employed. 

The  large  and  well-selected  slock  contained  in  this  house  is 
the  just  reward  of  industry,  thrift  and  business  morality,  and 
fr(pni  the  start  the  characteristics  of  Mr.  Muller  h.ive  been 
shrewdness,  prudence  ;ind  integrity,  combined  .with  honorable 
dealings  with  the   public. 

Just  here  we  may  be  permitted  the  interpolation  of  a  fact 
which  has  contributed  greatly  towards  Mr.  Muller"s  success  as 
a  business  man,  and  that  is,  he  possesses  the  faculty  of  being  a 
o-ood  buyer.  When  he  goes  into  the  marts  of  trade  lo  make 
his  purchases,  he  sees  at  a  glance  the  goods  which  will  meet  the 
wants  of  his  customers  for  whom  he  caters,  and  the  materials 
which  will  work  up  to  the  best  advantage  under  the  skillful 
manipulation  of  the  artists  who  handle  the  tools  in  his  large 
and  commodious  factory. 


218 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


PETER    HASSINGER, 

AM(l.\(i  ihr  multiUicle  of  our  progressive 
business  men,  the  masses  of  whom  have 
(lone  a  work  which  wih  ever  redound  to  their 
credit,  and  whose  success  will  remain  an  e\"er- 
lastin;^  memorial,  when  they  shall  liave  ceased 
to  go  in  and  out  among  us,  few  indeed  of  the 
number  « ill  be  credited  with  the  erection  of  a 
greater  number  of  memorial  tablets,  or  those 
which  will  shine  more  resplendent,  or  mark 
the  lines  over  which  the\  journeyed  with  more 
marvels  of  the  outputs  of  genius,  than  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  I'eter  Hassinger,  Esti. 
Like  sonic  of  the  others  who  caught  the  glim- 
mer of  the  star  of  hope  hanging  in  all  its 
tempting  be.iut\  in  the  faraway  western  sky. 
and  beckoned  them  on  to  the  new  world  beyond 
the  sea,  .and  liecamc  a  lamp  to  their  feet.  In 
guide  their  footsteps  to  the  fair  land  of  theii' 
destiny,  so,  too,  Peter  Hassinger  caught  the  inspi- 
ration, which,  to  his  voung  mind,  rode  tri- 
umphant, each  glimmering  ray  beside,  and  at 
the  age  of  twenty-fi\'e,  mature  in  strength  and 
strong  of  heart,  and  with  foundations  laid  deep 
HI  truth  .uid  honor,  no  longer  able  to  resist 
the  demands  of  the  good  angel  of  his  destiny,  he  bade  adieti 
to  the  Fatherland,  and  followed  its  beckonings,  and  when 
the  gates  of  his  beloved  liirlh-place  closed  behind  him,  he 
would  have  been  less  than  hurn.in  did  not  a  pang  of  regret 
arise  in  his  heart,  and  mounting  to  the  eve  bedew  it 
with  unbidden  tears  when  the  good-by  was  .said  to  all  that 
was  dear  to  his  young  life  wdien  shut  within  the  ide.d  city 
of  his  home,  old  Darmstadt.  IVlcr  Hassinger  first  saw  the 
light  of  day  in  the  year  of  1829.  His  father  was  a  man  whose 
wav  l.iv  .dong  the  middle  w.dks  uf  life  and  was  engaged  in 
the  business  of  gardening  .ind  a  seedsman.  After  giving  to 
I'eter  the  education  wdiich  the  cimmion  schools  afforded,  he 
.appienlii  ed  him  to  learn  the;  business  of  machinist  and  lock- 
smith, .uid  thus  fiom  the  age  of  thirteen,  young  Hassinger 
became  his  own  bread-winner.  Armed  only  with  his  perfected 
trade  and  with  a  determination  to  dare  anri  do.  it  was  not  long 
after   the  good  ship  which  brought  him  over    the    ocean    had 

landed  h  i  m  , 
w  h  ere  t  h  e 
broad  way  to 
fort  u  n  e  lay 
witle  open  ,ind 
inviting  to  such 
as  desire  to 
walk  therein, 
and  in  which 
h  !■  immedi- 
.-ilely  beg.in  his 
N  e  w  World 
journeying. 

The  w.'iy  of 
the  young  me- 
c  h  a  n  i  c  lay 
through  New- 
ark, wdiere  the 
rattle  of  busy 
machinery  and 
the  clang  of 
hammers  was 
I'tit-K  u.vsbiM,i,K.  music     to    his 


RESIDENCE   OF    PETER    H  .\S.SlNi;EK,    UN    CLINTON    AVENUE. 


ears,  and  the  puff  of  steam  and  furnace  smoke  had  a  charm  for 
his  eyes.  Instead  of  waiting  for  employment  to  seek  him,  he 
sought  and  soon  found  with  Henry  C.  Jones,  the  well-known 
lo(  ksmith  of  I'ennsylvania  I^ailroad  Avenue,  the  place  to 
exercise  his  peculiar  genius  and  demonstrate  his  adaptiveness 
in  the  held  of  mechanical  arts.  Fortune  smiled  on  the  young 
mechanic,  and  in  eight  short  years  he  associated  with  himself 
the  well-known  inventor  and  mechanical  genius,  C  W.  Romer, 
.md  together  they  bought  the  concern  which  thev  conductefl 
till  1870,  when  they  sold  out  to  John  ISurkh.ndl,  of  I,ouis\ille, 
Kentucky. 

'I"o  such  an  e.\tent  had  he  prospered,  that  when  the  business 
was  adjusted  and  profits  embanked,  he  felt  there  was  no  longer 
a  necessity  for  a  denial  of  the  right  of  satisfying  his  daily  long- 
ings for  a  visit  to  dear  old  Darmstadt,  a  look  once  again  into 
the  face  of  those  he  had  left  behind,  when  he  turned  his  foot- 
steps westward  and  quit  the  Fatherland.  As  mutations  and 
changes  follow  in  rapid  succession,  and  our  subject  realizing 
the  fact  that  delays  are  dangerous,  inmediately  set  about  the 
business,  anil  befoie  the  year  had  closed,  siu'ounded  bv  his 
little  family,  he  w, is  en-route  for  the  land  of  his  birth  and  the 
scenes  of  his  boyhood  and  royal  young  manhood. 

The  gratification  of  his  longings  to  renew  his  acquaintance 
with  the  scenes  within  and  around  the  "  pent-up  Utica  "  of  his 
early  life  past,  tlid  not  alone  wait  upon  and  urge  his  crossing  the 
ocean,  but  two  other  very  laudable  purposes  he  had  in  view.  The 
first  of  these  was  the  education  of  his  three  sons,  which,  soon 
.after  his  arrival,  he  placed  in  school  where  they  were  constantly 
kept  in  attendance  until  his  return  to  Newark,  three  years  later. 
His  second  of  these  purposes  was  the  visitation  of  the  great 
art  galleries  and  the  study  of  art,  for  which,  from  boyhood,  he 
had  had  a  longing  and  for  which  he  had  sought  op|)ortunities 
for  gratifying;  and  that  he  has  so  done  to  much  purpose,  the 
lover  of  the  beautiful  in  art  has  only  to  visit  Mr.  Hassinger's 
capacious  and  comfortable  home  on  Clinton  Avenue.  On  his 
return  from  Europe,  after  a  sojourn  of  three  years,  Mr.  Hassin- 
ger went  into  the  building  business,  and  in  this  line  prosperity 
w.iited  on  his  every  move,  and  success  marked  his  e\ery  \enture. 

Not  alone  did  Newark  feel  the  touch  of  his  almost  magic 
li.ind.  but  great  structures  for  business  purposes,  eleg.mt  villas 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  TLLCSr RATED. 


219 


and  modest  liomes.  in  New  York,  Orange  and  East  Orant;e, 
grew  up  and  turned  into  money  at  his  command.  Many 
a  barren  acre  lie  made  to  bloom  in  the  growth  of  peoples' 
homes,  and  many  a  man  is  now  the  owner  of  his  own  domicile 
through  the  easy  terms  on  which  he  could  buy  from  Peter 
Hassinger.  His  first  real  estate  mo\e  was  the  purchase  of  the 
property  on  which  the  immense  harness  manufacturing  estali- 
lishment  of  the  late  Nicholas  Demarest  iS;  Son  now  stands. 

It  is  well  to  remark  in  passing,  that  the  business  arrange- 
ments with  Mr.  Romer  were  always  )ileasant,  and  with  the  sale 
to  the  Louisville  man,  the  friendh  old  business  word,  "ours," 
which  had  been  the  pass  between  the  two,  w.is  never  forgotten, 
and  their. social  relations  ha\e  ever  continued  close  indeed  ;  \ery 
like  brothers  have  they  been.  Many  of  the  specimens  of  Mr. 
Hassinger's  ideal  structures  may  be  seen  on  Broad  and  Market 
Streets  and  many  others  of  Newark's  business  thorough f.ues, 
as  well  as  in  the  residental  portions  of  our  city,  notablv  Clinton 
and  Belmont  Avenues,  Alpine  and  other  streets,  stand  monu- 
ments of  his  skill  and  business  foresight. 

The  old  taste  for  gardening  and  lloriculluie  had  not  been 
allowed  to  cramp,  but  on  the  contrary,  had  beeii  culti\ated,  and 
the  same  growth  and  progress  is  now  seen  to  manifest  itself 
wherever  the  impress  of  his  genius  and  master  hand  is  fell. 
His  home  at  368  Clinton  Avenue,  situated  in  one  of  the  choicest 
home  parts  of  Newark,  can  be  said,  and  verily,  too.  to  be 
within  a  garden  of  sweet  incensed  flowers  and  plants,  and  a 
veritable  bower  of  roses.  The  great  green-houses  are  filled 
with  delicate  plants,  ferns  and  rare  exotics,  abounding  in 
amazing  variety.  There,  on  the  home-plot,  the  master  has 
erected  buildings  for  every  variety  of  purposes  to  keep  every 
thing  about  the  two  or  three  actes  given  up  to  the  fruits,  plants 
and  fiow'ers,  par-excellence,  and  in  marvellous  abundance.  Ere 
we  close,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  his  home  is  a  bower  not 
unlike  Hawthorne's,  of  Seven  Gables,  in  many  of  which  are 
hung  and  stored  beautiful  works  of  art  wdiich  this  connisseur 
hascollected.  and  wdiich,  were  it  not  on  the  border  of  sacrilege  to 
say  it,  he  almost  worships  and  truly  adores.  ()n  the  walls  of 
his  gallery,  constructed  for  the  purpose,  and  on  the  walls  of  his 
parlors  and  halls,  hang  gems,  many  of  which  are  from  the 
pencils  of  the  greatest  of  ancient  and  modern  painters;  in  fact, 
it  can  be  said  that  from  every  nook  and  corner  of  his  home 
come  whispers  of  his  love  for  art,  and  samples  are  seen  which 


speak  praises  of  his  deMition  to  art  ajid  its  studies.  Every  lover 
of  art  should  see  I'eter  Hassinger's  collection  of  rare  paintings, 
both  old  and  new,  and  no  one  can  spend  a  few  hours  more  de- 
lightfully than  among  his  selections.  Among  Mr.  Hassinger's 
collection  is  seen  Rombout's  celebrated  scriptural  and  historical 
p.iiiiting,  "The  Slaughter  of  the  innocents."  This  great 
picture,  completed  in  1629,  by  Theodore  Rombout,  a  rival  of 
the  skilled  painter,  Rubens,  was  (it  is  said)  onci-  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  who  sold  it  for  10.000  guineas. 
■|  his  |)icture  e.irned  for  its  owner,  before  it  cuiie  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  ll.issinger,  by  being  exhibited  in  many  cities,  the 
niunihceiit  sum  of  ftr 20,000.  .Another  notable  picture  is  the 
"Decision  of  Solomon."  This  great  painting,  Mr.  Hassinger 
thinks  he  is  thoroughly  justified  in  beliveing,  from  the  evidence 
he  has  at  hand,  is  a  genuine  I'iubens.  Among  the  other  l)eautiful 
and  striking  |)aintings  in  Mr.  Hassinger's  collection  which  the 
writer  had  the  pleasure  of  examining,  is  one  by  Gilbert  Stewart. 
of  the  revokilionary  patriot,  tk-neral  Knox.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  Stewart  painte<l  the  very  best  portraits  extant  of 
George  Washington.  A  "  Cleopatra,"  by  the  celebrated  Guido 
Reni.  The  figure  is  of  life-size,  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  his 
grandest  works.  A  "  Nell  Gynne,"  by  I'eter  Leyly,  is  a  work 
highly  prized  by  its  owner.  "Two  Cows."  by  I'aul  Potter, 
painted  in  1530.  is  very  much  admired.  Thus  we  might  move 
on  among  the  rare  old  works  which  this  lo\fi-  of  true  art  has 
gathered.  It  is  to  be  regretted  the  real  lovers  of  art  among  our 
wealthy  people  are  so  few,  for  had  we  more  like  Peter  Hassinger, 
who  not  alone  possesses  the  love  for  art,  but  also  possesses  the 
wherewith  to  cultivate  that  love,  .irlists  need  not  go  begging. 
That  I'eter  Hassinger  is  eminently  .a  self-made  man,  goes  with- 
out the  saying,  and  that  he  deserves  all  the  good  things  which 
his  own-earned  competency  can  bring,  none  who  know  him 
will  deny. 


T 


ADAM    KAAS. 
HE  manufacture  of  gold  .uid  silver  ornaments  for  the  har- 


iioted  industry,  largely  carried  on  in  this  city  of  workshops. 
Among  the  many  able  and  well-known  firms,  we  take  pleasure 
in  mentioning  the  name  of  Mr.  .Adam  Kaas,  who  has  been 
identified  with  the  trade  for  more  than  h.alf  ,i  centurv,  an 
photo     of     whom 


HENKY    C.   KLI-:MM. 


e.xcellent 
will  be  noticed  on  this  page 
and  speaks  louder  than  any- 
thing we  could  say.  The 
plant  is  located  in  the  Wil- 
son Building,  cor.  Mechanic 
and  Lawrence  streets,  and  is 
one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
equipped  for  the  manufact- 
uring of  fine  harness  orna- 
ments, letters,  monograms, 
etc.  Mr.  Kass  is  an  orna- 
ment maker  by  trade,  and  is 
principally  noted  in  the  har- 
ness market  for  the  fine 
grade  of  goods  that  he  is 
enabled  to  produce,  which 
are  wiilely  known  all  o\ei 
the  States  of  the  rnion, 
Canada  and  South  American 
ports,  and  used  on  the  finest 
gr.ides  of  harness,  etc.,  with 
great  satisfaction. 


Ali.\.\l     K.AAS. 


220 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


C.    DURAND   CHAPMAN, 

MR,  (  li.ipni.in  h.is  wnii  a  dislin- 
i;insli<-'d  posiliDii  in  tlic  aillst^ 
circle  of  nouiil;  Anuiican  paiiilrrN.  Mr 
comes  of  I'^rcin  h  lluL^iunol  ami  Kevolii- 
tioiiary  stock,  .iiul  is  .\  sun  of  the  late 
Rev.  Prof,  fohn  I^.  Cli.ipiu.in.  and  nephew 
of  Asher  1.!.  Durand.  llie  famous  landscape 
painter,  ex-presicknl  of  the  Nalion.d 
.\i  .idemy  of  l)esiL;n.  Mr.  Cliapm.ni's 
e.ireei  he^jan  .it  the  N.ition.d  .^e.nlianw 
New  N'ork,  iiiuha-  I'lof.  Wilm.uth.  J.  ('.. 
Brown.  X.  .\..  and  |.  Wells  Cli.impney. 
graduating  , I  \i\\/.e  student  in  1S79  ^'^ '' 
ne\i  lind  him  ocrup\in^  a  studio  in  the 
historical  old  'I'enth  Street  liuildiuL;. 
New  York,  the  home  of  Ch.ise,  llrown, 
De  Haas,  Guy  and  many  otiiers.  His 
lirsl  success,  the  p.iintin;.;  "Come  In," 
w'.is  c-\liil)ited  in  1S1S2  in  tfie  N.ition.d 
Academy  and  pmch.ised  tlieie  1)\  .1 
wealthy  art  connoisseur  for  .1  ]>rivate  col- 
lei:tion  in  floston. 

In  l<SXj  we  tind  him  in  Mimich  .uid 
later  in  Paris,  undei-  the  celebrated  French 
masters  Fernando  Cornion  .ind  Benjamin 
Constante.  While  there  he  painted  "Mine 
Ease  in  JVIine  Inn."  "Eventide, ""Reverie.'' 


"'IHK    WlCUDINi;    f.cJ.NNkl. 


.  I 


y . 


,'""^ 


<,.    OURAMI    Cll.\l'M,\N    .\NO    Ills    sru 


the  latter  e.xiiibited  in  the  Paris  Salon  of  18S5.     On  his  return  he  established  a  studio  in 
the   Cdobe   Building,   Newark,   where   he    painted    "The  Wedding   Bonnet,"   of 
which  an  illustration  is  here  given.     In  iSyo  he  married  Caroline  A.  F. 
i  Holbrook,  daughter  of  the  late  A.   M.   Holbrook,  Esq.,   and   resides  at 

,  Idniwood,  Ir\ington,  N.  J,,  the  old   homestead  and   country  seat  of 

the  Chapmaiis  for  nearlv  three  generations.  Mr.  Chapman  has  occu- 
pied a  studio  in  the  Prudential  Build- 
ing since  its  completion.  His  talents 
are  versatile — ecpially  strong  in  black 
,ind  white,  designing  and  illustrating, 
water  color,  pastel  and  oil,  and  ,1  most 
successful  instructor. 

His  paintings  are  seen  at  all  the 
piinci|)al  art  exhibitions  and  are 
owned  by  many  prominent  art  patrons. 
He  delights  in  quaint  interiors  with 
tlgures,  which  he  fills  with  a  satisfying 
atmosphere  of  charming  sympathy  and 
truth.  "  The  Reveries  of  a  Bachelor," 
"In  Disgrace,"  "Close  of  the  Day," 
"  I  )ld  Chums"  aiul  "Solid  Comfort," 
.111'  some  of  his  important  works.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Newark  .Sketch 
Club,  .\meiican  .'\rt  Society  and  Salma- 
gundi Club,  of   New   ^'o^k. 

Air.  Ch.ipm.in   belie\es  in   gi\  ing  his 

1. dents   and   energies   to  his  native  State  and   home.     All   the 

success  he  h.is  won  has  had  its  birth  here  and  its  inlluence  gladly 

given    for   the   advancement  of  art   in   this  city.      Interest  in  art 

has   increased    lar^elv   in    the   last    ten    \ears    in   Newark.     Art 

p.itions    are    liberal   .mil    ,ippreciati\  e.       M.in\     exhiliiiions.   art 

I  lubs,  and  noble  works  in  p.iinting  ,>\-\i\  sculpture  ha\e  enriched    the  city  and  added 

to  its  lenown.     Mr.  Chapni.m  hopes  to  see  a   tine  ,irt  gallery  established  in  Newark 

in  the  near  future,  with  loan  collections  and  public  eNhibitions  of  the  best  exanqiles 

of    modern   art,   the   inlluence  of  which  would  be  of  incalulable  ,l;ooiI  to  all  classes 

of  society  as  well  as  a  \aluable  addition  to  the  city's  institutions. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


221 


CHARLES  B     DUNCAN. 

THERE 
iiaini 


',RE  are  but  few,  if  anv. 

lames  better  or  more 
widely  known  to  the  people 
residing  in  what  is  commonly 
desij,Miated  as  the  "  Ironbound 
District,"  situated  east  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  than  that 
of  our  fellow-townsman,  now 
under  consideration.  This 
public-si)irited  anil  enterprisini; 
citizen  has  been  identified  with 
everything  that  has  aimed  to 
advance  or  promote  the  welfare 
of  the  district  or  its  inhabitants 
during  the  [last  half  a  century. 
The  illustration  shown  on  this 
page  represents  his  place  of 
business,  which  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
a  first-class  ]ihoto  uf  Mr.  Duncan 
is  presented  in  the  illustrations 
on  page  126  of  this  work.  i\Ir. 
Duncan  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  reliable  real  estate  and 
insurance  brokers  in  the  city  aiul 
devotes  his  personal  attention  tt) 
the  buying,  selling  and  exchang- 
ing of  property,  renting  of 
houses,  caring  for  estates,  pro- 
curing loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  placing  lines  of  insurance 
in  the  most  reliable  companies  and  on  the  most  favorable 
terms.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  drawing  up  and  writing  deeds, 
wills  and  agreements  in  all  their  various  forms.  In  connection 
with  this  he  conducts  one  of  the  largest  and  best  equipped 
news  and  stationery  depots  in  that  section  of  the  city,  where 
everything  in  the  stationery  line  will  be  found  ;  and  in  addition 
to  this,  a  large  and  well-equipped  library  is  maintained  for  the 
use  of  the  general  public.  Mr.  Duncan,  while  being  a  very 
busy  man,  has  always  found  time  to  act  the  part  of  a  good 
citizen,  having  represented  the  people  of  his  district  in  the  State 
Leoislature  for  three  successive  terms,  serving  with  ability  on 


Ol'FlLE    Ol'-    CHARLES    li.    DUNCAN",    COKNKR    l'A(  IKIC    AND    liLM    SIKKET.S. 


several  important  committees.  He  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  building  and  loan  associations  of  the  city,  and  is  con- 
nected with  numerous  patriotic,  political,  religious,  benevolent 
and  social  organizations. 


U  II.LIAII    A.    BIKU. 


C.  H.  SLAIGHT. 

AGREA  r  and  useful  work  has  been  commenced  by  the 
Park  Commissioners  toward  the  embellishment  of  the 
city  and  its  suburbs  by  the  conversion  of  city  squares  into  parks 
and  by  the  planting  of  shade  trees  and  shrubbery  to  beautify 
them.  Of  the  great  benefit  th.it  will  accrue  to  the  people  and  of 
the  immensely  improved  aspect  of  the  whole  County  of  Essex 

there    can    be    little    doubt. 
There  is  another  question 

which  requires condsideration 

— how  far  will  these  improve- 
ments tend  toward  advancing 

real    estate  ?      There    is    no 

doubt  but  that   all    property 

fronting   upon    or   adjoining 

these   parks  will   continually 

increase,   and    investors   will 

constantly  be  on  the  lookout 

for    wide-awake     agents    to 

handle  their  bargains. 

We  here  take  pleasuse  in 

mentioning  the  name  of  Mr. 

C.   H.   Slaight,    whose    olTice 

is  located   at    Xo.  122    Rose- 

ville    Avenue,   opposite     the 

Roseville  station  of  D.  L.  & 

\\'.  R.  R.     This  enterprising 

citizen    conducts    a    general 

ri-al     estate     and     insuranci: 

business.  c.  a.  si.Aioiir. 


O'>0 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


BUCHLEIN. 


"    u/     |(  ui  iitMii  m  for 


la  CIlLtlN. 


3r  llie  Dudd  IJrolhcrs  in  iS6S,  in  (he  sJHirt  s]iace  of  five- 
sole  prupiiftor — anotlur  example  of  success  wrought 
out  under  the  old   adage,   "Where  there's  a   will  there's  away.''     Mr. 
Ihiclilein's  resolve  tlius  early  made,  to  conduct  a  manufacturing  business, 
has  been  proven  o\er  and  over  again,  was  no  wild  venture  but  was  born  of 
an  early  developed  business  tact,  and  he  had  the  push  behind  to  make  ;i 
success  of  what  is  a  branch  of  manufacturing  business  carried  on  in  the 
ciiv  of   Newark,   known  as  the  designing  and  making  of   seals,  stamps, 
engra\ing  and  die  sinking  for  jewelers  and  ornamental  brass  work,  also  for 
eather  and  paper  endjossing,  and  which  probably  contains  a  greater  number 
and  variety  of  industries  under  a  single  head  than  any  other  known  industry. 
This  business  in  all   its  varieties  is    now  cnnclucled  by   Mr.  M.  lluchlein   at  787 
Broad  Street,  corner  Market  Street,  thiid  lloor.     For  such  an  extensive  business 
Mr.  liuchlcin  carries  on,  in  all  probability  he  occupies,  comparatively  speaking,  a 
ry  small  floor  space,     Mr.  Buchlein  has  now  been  engaged  in  business  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  and   elegant  specimens  of  the  handiwork  which  he  turns 
out  are  seen  in  all  parts  of  the  country  and,  in  fact,  wherever  stamps  are  used  and 
cndiossed   ])aper  or  leather   is  manufactured  or  used  the  marvellous  skill  of   Mr. 
Buchlem  in  the  manufacture  of   dies  is  exhibited,  and  wdiatever  conies   from   his 
factory  are  the  resultant  output  of  his  genius  and  mechanical  skill. 
Scarcely  a  business  office  of  any  pretensions  at  all,  but  has  for  a  part  of  its  clerks'  paraphernalia  and  its  Secretary's 
outfit  the  rubber  stamps,  or  indeed,  perhaps,  where  some  other  kind   of  stamps  are  deemed  necessary,  are  made  in  his 
establishment.     Mr.   Buchlein  is  a  marvel   in  his  line  and,  in  fact,  his  line  has  no  boundaries.     His  out-spreading  genius 
reaches,  we  might  say,  almost  everywhere  to  find  material  to  satisfy  its  demands. 

With  such  promptness  does  he  meet  all  the  demands  upon  him,  individually  or  upon  his  time,  that  for  many  years  he  has 

■■^        been  dubbed  by  those  who  know  him   Ijest,  "  Old  Reliable."     From  all  sections  of  our  own  country,  and  from  across  the 

water  as  well,  where  anything  in  the  way  of  a  marvel  is  wanted  or  is  called  for,  the  name  of  citizen  Buchlein  is  the  first  on 

the  list,  and  then,  almost  as  c|uick  as  thought,  when  the  order  is  given,  the  w-ork  is  very  soon  complete  and  ready  for  use.     It  is  his 

unswerving  honesty  and  unassailable  character  which  has  given  to  him  the  high  standing  wdiich  he  holds  in  the  business  community 

and  which  gives  him  such  a  high  standing  in  the  dep.utments  where  talent  and  energy  win  with  so  little  apparent  effort. 

County  and  city  official  badges  are  manufactured  by  Mr.  Tiuchlein  from  patterns  of  his  own  designing.  Some  of  them  are  gems, 
indeed,  and  show  ])lainly  that  true  art  has  an  abiding  place  in  his  mind,  where  it  rec|uires  but  the  touch  of  a  button  to  set  the  current 
in  motion,  with  the  production  of  some  rare  work  to  be  enjoyed  by  all  who  look  upon  and  handle.  The  stencils  and  brands  which  he 
turns  out  are  most  attractive  .uid  .dways  yive  the  \ery  best  satisfaction  to  buver,  seller  and  user.  The  production  of  rubber  office 
stamps  is  a  branch  of  his  busi- 
ness which  re((uires  much  time 
and  capital  to  carry  on,  and 
the  resultant  outputs  are  equ.d 
if  not,  indeed,  superior  to 
anything  ]irocluced  in  an\'  other 
place  in  the  world.  It  has  not 
all  been  play.  Ijv  any  means,  for 
Mr.  Buchlein  to  produce  such 
satisfactory  results,  whether  vou 
take  it  from  the  standpoint  of 
genius  and  mechanical  skill  or 
whether  from  results  financi.d. 
and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  often  in 
the  busiest  seasons  the  hours  of 
daylight  are  not  long  enough  to 
give  Mr.  liurhlein  time  and 
opportunity  to  w  (u-k  out  his 
pl.msand  togi\i-  ihe  tracings  of 
the  pencil  fair  pl.iv  ;  he  h.is  often 
had  to  follow  It  fai  irUu  night. 
Should  the  reader  be  in  need  of 
any  article  in  this  line.  Mr. 
I'luchlcin  will  be  sure  to   [jlease. 


KktUi.KR    I'Iii.\KI-:R    IICIME. 


ESSEX  Cni'XTY,  N.J.,  ILLVSTRATED 


22'i 


WILLIAM      LOGEL 

IT  would  be  difficult  to  select  out  of  the  whole  miscclLiny  of 
Newark's  domestic  industries,  one  which  has  had  a  more 
important  bearing  upon  the  commercial  affairs  of  the  city  than 
the  trade  in  general,  family  groceries.  This  important  and 
necessary  business  stands  foremost  in  line  with  the  many  com- 
mercial enterprises  that  have  contributed  to  the  steady  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  city.  In  reviewing  the  many  able  and 
honorable  names  identified  with  this  particular  industry,  we 
take  pleasure  in  mentioning  that  of  Mr.  William  Logel,  a  faith- 
ful picture  of  whom  appears  in  the  illustrations  shown  on  this 
page.  The  business  is  located  on  Springfield  Avenue,  corner 
Fifteenth  Street,  and  is  one  of  the  neatest  and  best  equipped 
grocery  plants  in  that  section  of  the  city. 

Stocked  with  a  large  and  well-selected  line  of  general  family 
groceries  and  provisions,  including  new  crop  teas,  coffees, 
spices,  dried  foreign  and  domestic  fruits,  hermetically  sealed 
goods  of  every  descri|)lion — in  fact,  everything  in  the  line  ol 
food  supplies  known  to  the  trade,  all  of  which  are  rereiveil 
from  first  hands,  from  the  best  and  largest  markets  in  the 
country,  enabling  the  enterprismg  proprietor  to  supply  the 
customers  at  the  lowest,  rock-bottom  prices.  In  connection 
with  the  grocery  business,  a  well-regulated  meat  market  is  a 
prominent  feature  of  the  house,  which  is  very  convenient  for 
the  people  residing  in  the  neighborhood.  Polite  assistants  are 
in  attendance,  and  free  deliveries  are  made  to  customers  in  all 
parts  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs.  Mr.  Logel  was  born  in 
Newark  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  city,  and  has 
been  identified  with  the  industries  of  Newark  for  nearly  half 
a  century. 


A 


WILLIAM  K.  SCHOENIG. 
\'I.SIT  through  the  western  section  of  Newark  \wll  con- 
\  inee  the  visitor  how  rapidly  that  part  of  the  citv  is  beinc 
built  up  with  elegant,  useful  and  substantial  business  places 
and  residences.  In  this  connection  we  mention  with  pleasm'e 
the  many  able  architects  of  this  city  who  are  an  honor  to  their 
profession,  among  whom  stands  Mr.  William  K.  Schoenig,  a 
first-class  photo  of  whom  is  presented  on  this  page.  The 
skilled  and  talented  efforts  of  this  gentleman  include  manv  of 


WILI.I.\M    LOGEL  S    NEW    CKOCERV    AND    I'ROVLSION    STOKE, 
I  OR.  SPRINGFIELD    AVENUE  .AND  FIFTEENTH  STREET. 

the  more  noted  architectural  features  that  have  been  perfected 
within  the  past  twenty  years,  and  the  results  of  his  handiwork 
are  apparent  in  many  neat  residences,  useful  dwellings,  hand- 
some fiats  and  numerous  oilier  buildings  in  the  western  section 
of  the  city.  The  plans  of  Mr.  Schoenig  are  conspicuous  for 
original  ideas  and  display  a  masterly  genius  for  architectural 
effect.  His  drawings  or  designs  also  show  a  deep  study  and  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  his  profession.  Mr.  Shoenig's  office 
and  drawing  rooms  are  located  on  the  corner  of  Springfield  and 
Littleton  Avenues.  He  takes  great  pleasure  in  his  business  and 
his  services  are  in  constant  dem.and. 


WILLIAM   A.   BIRD. 


ONE  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  representatives  of  the  real 
estate  and  insurance  business  in  this  city  is  Mr.  William 
A.  Bird,  whose  photo  apjiears  on  the  preceding  page.    Mr.  ISird 


W]LL1A.\1    LUCjtl.. 


transacted  his  first  deal  in  this  pro- 
fession in  June,  1862,  and  during 
the  thirty-five  years  which  he  has 
devoted  to  this  calling,  few  men.  if 
any,  will  be  found  with  a  clearer 
record.  He  is  rightly  characteiized 
as  one  of  the  many  gentlemen  who 
have  chosen  the  real  estate  profes- 
sion, a  fact  which  is  demonstrated 
by  his  success.  Mr.  Bird's  office  is 
located  in  the  Holies  Building,  729 
Broad  Street,  adjoining  the  Post 
Office.  He  is  engaged  in  a  general 
city  and  county  business,  covering 
the  buying,  selling  and  exchanging 
of  'real  estate,  securing  loans  on 
mortgages  and  effecting  insurance 
in  the  most  reliable  comp.anies. 
Mr.  Bird  is  thoroughly  posted  in  all 
of  the  details  of  the  trade,  and  as 
a  reliable  appraiser  of  real  estate 
in  every  section  of  the  city  and 
its  suburbs,  he  stands  without  a 
peer. 


WILLIAM    K.    bCHOE.NIG. 


'>24 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ARTHUR   HINDE. 

IT  seems  within  reason  tliat  a  l)iisint'ss  man  with 
an  experience  of  thirty-foui'  years,  must  have 
facilities  and  connrctions  and  he  in  a  position  to 
offer  induiemenls  unl<nown  to  men  of  later  date. 
Certain  it  is.  that  he  has  had  the  time  to  become 
familiar  with  the  best  sources  of  supply,  learn  the 
wishes  and  requirements  of  his  patrons  and  carry 
the  effect  of  his  long  experiments  into  ]il.i\.  The 
number  of  names  that  are  worthy  of  mention  in 
this  connection,  includes  that  of  Mr.  Arthur  Hinde. 
of  673-675  Broad  Street,  who  has  been  notable  as  .1 
general  real  estate  and  instrance  broker  in  city  ,ind 
State  property  for  the  past  thirty-four  years.  He 
buys,  sells  and  exchanges  realty,  cares  for  estates, 
secures  loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  writes  lines 
on  insurance  in  sterling  companies,  and  is  engaged 
as  general  manager  of  the  American  Building  Loan 
and  Savings  Association  of  New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Hinde,  a  photo  of  whom  is  presented  in  the 
illustrations  on  this  page,  was  born   in   Manchester. 
England,  in  1844.  and  is  regardetl  among  the  clever 
and  reliable  of  the  city's  underwriters  and  brokers 
in  real   estate.     He   has   brought  prestige  into  his 
every   calling,  having   connections  with    some    of   the    leading 
business  men  of  caiiit.il,  and  he  is  Imnoied  with  tin-  full  indorse- 
ment  of  his  ])atrons.  who  have  learned  to  plai  e  their  complete- 
confidence  in  his  abilities. 

PHILIP   MILLER. 

Pl\i  IMINEN  r  a  111  ling  tliose  w  ho  have  built  up  a  wide-spread 
and  permanent  connection  with  propertv  owners  is  Mr. 
I'hilip  Miller,  real  estate  and  insurance  broker,  of  Room  5,  No. 
1S9  Market  Street.  He  embarked  in  business  in  187S,  .is  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Hedden  &  Miller,  and  at  the  death  of 
his  ])artner,  in  1892,  he  assumed  sole  control.  Mr.  Miller  has 
built  up  a  subsl.intial  and  intluential  ])atroiiage,  aiul  ociaipies  a 
suite  of  offices  which  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  where  he  con- 
ducts a  general  real  estate  business  in  all  its  branches,  buying, 
selling,  exchanijing,  leasing  and  letting  lands  and  buildings  of 


RKSIDENCK    OF    MR,   ENG  F.LRRRI  lER,    ON    SUt'lH    S|..\ENrH    S  FRKET. 


every  description  in  citv  and  countrv.  He  has  been  a  resident  of 
Newark  for  nearly  halt  a  centurv,  .and  is  familiar  with  the 
present  and  prospective  values  of  all  kinds  of  realty  in  all  parts 
of  tills  I  ity  and  State.  He  has  always  on  his  books  advant.age- 
ous  bargains  in  stores,  houses  and  lands,  as  well  as  lists  and 
descriptions  of  stores,  dwellings,  flats,  etc.,  to  let.  He  negoti- 
ates loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  at  five  antl  six  percent.,  on 
commission,  .ind  is  a  reliable  medium  between  borrower  .and 
lender.  I'aticular  attention  is  gi\en  to  the  management  ol 
estates,  which  are  kept  in  the  highest  state  of  repair  and 
productiveness.  Responsible  tenants  are  secured,  and  rents 
are  |)roniptlv  collected  Insurance  is  also  placed  with  reliable 
companies.  Mr.  Miller,  a  striking  photo  of  whom  is  [ire- 
sented  on  this  page,  was  formerly  engaged  in  the  meat 
business,  and  during  eleven  years  served  as  City  ^^eat  Inspector. 
He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Masonic  Order  and  numerous 
other  well-known  organizations. 


G 


I'lllI  II'    .MILIJ'.K. 


I  1  \\  licir  \'on  will,  thrnu;.;li 
.in\  part  of  this  city 
there  is  nolliing  lliat  will  at- 
tract the  attention  so  much 
.is  the  many  useful  and  ele- 
g.int  residences  that  e\ery- 
where  adorn  the  streets  ,ind 
, I  venues. 

These  are  monuments  that 
speak  for  the  thrift  and  enter- 
prise of  the  inhabitants,  ,iiid 
disclose  the  advance  made  in 
ircliitectural  art.  Among  the 
ilhisir.iiions  presented  on  this 
page  will  be  found  the  resi- 
dence ot  our  fellow-townsman, 
.Mr.  F.ngelberger,  on  South 
Seventh  .Street.  The  grounds 
about  the  house  are  kept  in  the 
orderly  wav,  befitting  the 
dwelling-place  of  .a  gentleman 
who  m.akes  business  a  pleas- 
ure and  home  a  sacred  retreat. 


.\KillUK    HINDE. 


ESSEX  CnrXTY.  X.J.,  JLLVSTRATKD. 


RESIDENCE    OF    EIJAS    C.    HELLER,    ON    ELWOOD    AVENUE.    FOKKST    HILL. 


FOREST   HILL  ASSOCIATION. 

THE  Forest  Hill  Association  was  incor|)ora^ted  in  1890,  with 
Elias  G.  Heller  as  President.  Tlie  Association  purchased 
several  lary;e  tracts  of  land  located  in  the  northern  part  of 
Newark  on  the  New  York  and  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  and 
named  the  place  and  station  Forest  Hill.  Throuijh  the  fore- 
sight, energy  and  ])ush  of  its  President,  the  tracts  of  woodland 
was  transformed  into  the  most  delightful 
suburban  place  in  Newark.  Forest  Hill 
is  the  highest,  coolest,  healthiest  and  most 
beautiful  suburban  place  within  the  city 
limits  and  only  twenty  minutes'  ride  from 
Market  and  Broad  Streets  on  the  Forest 
Hill  electric  car.  and  thirty  minutes'  ride 
from  Chambers  Street  or  Twenty-third 
Street.  New  York,  on  the  N.  Y.  &  G.  L. 
R.  R.  In  fact.  Forest  Hill  has  all  the 
city  pri\ileges.  such  as  flagged,  curbed, 
sewered  anfl  macadamized  streets,  gas 
and  electric  lights,  pure  water,  i)ri\ate 
and  public  schools,  church  and  club,  mail 
delnerv,  telegr.iph  and  telephone  service, 
police  and  hre  protection,  etc..  with  the 
advantage  of  a  healthy  country  surround- 
ing of  an  elevation  one  hundred  and  sixly- 
hve  feet  above  the  tide  water.  The  entire 
tract  of  about  a  mile  s(]uare  is  restricted 
against  all  nuisances,  and  lots  or  plots  .are 
only  sold  for  residenlal  ptu'poscs,  which 
is  a  guarantee  evoiv  person  has  who 
locates  his  nr  her  home  at  Forest  Hill. 


LI.IAS    G.    UKI.LKK,    I'KKSl  IJli.X  1 


The  Association,  through  its  pre.sent  i\S<yj)  oflicers— Elias 
G.  Heller,  President ;  J.  Edwin  Keene,  Treasurer,  and  Paul  E. 
Heller.  Secretary,  life-like  photos  of  whom  are  presented  in  the 
illustrations,  offers  the  most  liberal  terms  to  those  flesirous  of 
owning  a  home,  which  enables  all  to  ])rocure  one  who  can 
afford  to  pay  rent,  and  thus  have  a  warrantee  deed  to  show  for 
their  savings  as  against  an  abundance  of  rent  receijjts. 

The  environs  of  Newark  have  been  endowed  by  liie  lavish 
hand  of  nature  with  a  charming  diversity 
of  gifts.  Look  where  you  will,  some 
delightful  view  of  hill,  or  wood,  or  water 
arrests  the  eye.  These  picturesque  topo- 
graphical features  have  been  turned  to 
good  account  in  the  making  of  homes, 
which  are  the  fitting  architectural  jewels 
for  so  beautiful  and  bounteous  a  setting, 
.^ny  description  of  the  city,  therefore, 
would  be  incomplete  if  we  were  to  omit 
to  direct  attention  to  the  attractions  of 
the  suburbs,  which  are  occupied  not  only 
by  the  citizens  of  Newark,  but  also  by 
thousands  of  families  whose  heads  do 
business  in  New  York,  and  llnd  it  in  all 
respects  more  advantageous  to  live  out- 
side the  crowded  city.  But  of  all  the 
]iieasant  suburbs  of  Newark,  the  llower  is 
the  Forest  Hill  section,  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  city.  Here  are  com- 
bined in  ecpial  proportions  the  advantages 
of  urban  and  suburban  life,  making  this 
locality  a  (lerfect  place  of  residence. 
In  salubrity  of  situation  and  in  charm 


22G 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


HKI.LK.R    PAKkW.W,    WEST    IRIIM    LAKE    SI'kERl',    FOREST    HILI,. 


of  outluuk,  P'urtst  Hill  can  scarcely  be  surpassed  by  any 
iilhei-  subuiii  in  the  county  of  Essex.  The  most  extended 
\  iiws  over  every  point  of  the  compass  arc  commanded. 
To  the  south  is  Newark,  with  her  oulUing  ]5lacrs.  including  her 
broad  liav.  the  iu-ights  of  .Stalen  Island  .ind  also  a  ghmpse  of 
lirooklyn  Bridge  and  the  .Statue  of  Liberty.  Eastward  are  the 
slopes  of  the  .-\rlington  Hills,  dotted  here  and  there  with 
pleasant  villas,  fruitful  orchards  and  grou]is  of  shade  trees.  To 
the  west  and  northwest  loom  up  the  Orange  Mountains,  veiled 
in   ro\al   purple,  willi    Momi  l.iu'  and   the   Oranges  in   the   fore- 


ground, while  the  outline  of  the  dark  blue  hills  toward  distant 
Pompton  bounds  the  hori/,on  northwards.  Here,  indeed,  is  a 
very  kaleidoscope  of  natural  beauties  of  field,  river,  bay.  forest 
and  mountain. 

And  yet  these  glimpses  of  nature,  in  ail  her  \ar)ing  aspects, 
would  not  be  sufficient  in  themselves  to  attract  home-makers. 
Rapid  transit,  frequent  trains  and  comfortable  cars  are  also 
indispensable  to  the  suburban  resident.  With  all  these  neces- 
sities Forest  Hill  is  amply  provided.  The  centre  of  Newark  is 
easily    reached    by    means    of    a    well-equipp( d    line    of  electric 


.owiN   ki,i;m:,  tkka.-iL'UI-.u. 


street  railwa\  cais,  with  a  liberal 
system  of  transfers  in  operation, 
affording  cheap  transportation  to 
every  part  of  the  city,  as  well  as  to 
the  Oranges,  Bloomfield,  Belleville 
and  other  suburban  places.  Easy 
•access  to  the  great  city  across  the 
Hudson  is  obtained  by  taking  the 
cars  of  the  New  \ork  and  GieeTi- 
wood  Lake  Railroad,  either  at  the 
Silver  Lake  station  of  the  <  )range 
Branch,  or  those  of  the  main  liuf 
at  Forest  Hill  station,  which  is 
•  It  the  junction  ol  ihe  two  roads. 
New  ^"ork,  indeed  is  only  nine  and 
om-lialf  miles  distant,  ;u)d  the  com- 
muter is  landed  at  th<-  loot  of 
Chambers  Street  in  about  thirty- 
fix  e  minutes  from  the  moment  he 
bo.u'ds  the  train,  at  a  cost  of 
eighteen  cents  for  the  lound  trip. 
including  ferriage  over  the  livej-. 
Practically,  the  residents  of  Forest 
flill  are  ne,irer   the   business  centre 


I'ACI.    !•;.    HI'.I.I.liK,    SKCIil'.TAKV. 


ESSEX  CncXTY,  .V. /.,  TLLFSTRATED. 


of  New  York  than  are  the  citizens  of  Harlem  or  the  remoter 
p;irls  of  I?rool<lyn,  while  the  comforts  of  tlie  transit  to  and  fro 
is  iticomparably  superior  for  the  New  lersey  sul)url)an  resi- 
(ji-nt.  This  is  a  fact  beyond  dispute.  It  is,  therefore,  not  to 
1)1-  wondered  at,  talking  into  consideration  tlie  his^h  rents, 
impure  air  and  generally  unwholesome  surroundings  of  city 
life,  that  so  many  New  Yori;  business  men  have  shaken  the 
dust  of  tlie  metropolis  from  their  feet  and  established  them- 
selves in  liomes  at  Forest  Hill,  where  their  houses  are  larger 
and  more  comfortably  arranged  than  are  any  that  could  be 
secured,  even  by  a  far  greater  expenditure  of  money,  within  the 
limits  of  the  city. 

lUil  the  advantages  which  give  this  suburb  its  distinguish- 
ing character  and  make  it  a  |)lace  of  happy  and  contented 
homes  are  not  yet  exhausted.  .Situated  within  the  corporate 
limits,  it  is  sulijected  onlv  to  the  low  tax  rate  for  which  Newark 


from  every  point  of  view.  Therefore,  the  Forest  Hill  Associa- 
tion was  organized  and  al  once  set  to  work  upon  weli-considered 
and  practical  i)lans  for  developing  the  undertaking.  Not  a  foot 
of  ground  has  been  sold,  nor  will  be  sold,  except  under  the 
reasonable  restrictions  and  guarantees  which  were  originallv 
established.  When  a  purchaser  presents  himself  he  is  informed 
that,  while  the  largest  liberty  is  allowed  in  the  exercise  of 
personal  taste,  certain  stipulations  must  be  inexorably  regarded. 
The  deed  which  conveys  to  him  his  property  binds  him,  his 
heirs  and  assigns,  neither  to  occupy  nor  to  sell  his  premises  for 
the  purpose  of  carrying  on  the  manufacture  of  spirituous  or 
malt  liquors,  fertilizers  or  other  undesirable  occupations,  which 
are  duly  specified.  Moreover,  there  are  covenants  which  jire- 
clude  building  within  a  certain  distance  of  the  street  line, 
erecting^  houses  of  an  undesirable  grade,  or  ptuiing  up  liarns, 
stables  or  outhouses  within  ])rohil)ited  limits. 


MONTCI.VIR    AVEMF,    EASf    FUOM    FlKl'.RAW    AVIMR. 


deserves  credit  and  under  which  she  makes  many  and  satis- 
factory civic  improvements.  The  public  schools  of  Forest  Hill 
.-ue  also  part  of  the  excellent  educational  system  of  Newark, 
than  which  there  is  none  belter.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
in. ill,  express,  telegraph  and  police  service,  which  are,  respectively, 
parts  of  the  nuinicipal  organization.  The  streets  arc  curbed, 
Magged,  macadamized  and  to  some  extent  sewered,  while  they 
are  lighted  either  by  gas  or  electricity.  The  water  supply 
comes  from  the  Pequannock.  and  is  of  a  purity  almost  un- 
equaled  and  of  a  quantity  inexhaustible. 

And  yet  Forest  Hill,  as  it  stands  to-day,  with  its  pleasant  and 
commodious  homes,  its  well-kept  lawns,  its  wide  and  graded 
streets,  its  churches,  schools  and  fine  shade  trees,  appeared 
only  seven  years  ago  as  the  mental  vision  of  its  founder  and 
principal  promoter,  Mr.  Elias  G.  Heller,  a  successful  manufac- 
turer residing  in  the  district.  To  him  belongs  the  credit  of 
bringing  this  model  enterprise  into  lieing.  He  resolved  upon 
building  up  a  suburb  which  would  be  entirely  unobjectionable 


The  result  of  this  extreme  care  li,i>  lieeii  to  -M-cure  the  very 
best  kind  of  residents,  to  double  the  value  of  all  the  property 
within  five  years,  and  to  obtain  a  class  of  houses  which  rangi' 
in  cost  from  S3.000  to  $25,000.  Tlie  pictures  herewith  given  of 
a  few  residences  and  parts  of  streets  sufficiently  indicate  tin- 
character  of  the  suburban  homes  which  have  sprung  up  in  this 
beautiful  section  of  Newark.  And  to  cap  the  climax  of  good 
things  which  have  already  fallen  to  the  residents  of  Forest  Hill, 
the  founder,  Mr.  Elias  G.  Heller,  has  generously  donated  eighteen 
acres  of  land  to  the  Essex  County  Park  Commissioners,  who 
have  secured  about  three  hundred  acres  adjoining  Forest  Hill, 
which  will  be  transformed  into  a  public  park  at  an  early  day. 

An  elaborate  park  system  for  Essex  County  is  now  under 
way,  controlled  by  a  Board  of  five  well-known  citizens  who 
were  appointed  by  justice  David  A.  Uepue,  under  an  act  of  the 
legislature,  in  whom  full  and  ample  powers  are  invested  to 
provide  a  park  system  at  an  expense  of  two  and  one-half 
millions  of  dollars. 


22S: 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  TLLT'STRATED. 


H     V,    HOBBIS 

Till';  woiiilerful  L;r()\\ih  t>i  XcwarU  in  the 
line  iif  new  and  elegant  structures  is 
cliaraiteri/eil  bv  athanred  ideas  in  architect - 
nral  art,  as  seen  in  the  numerous  residences, 
f,ict(irics  and  business  places  erected  in  ever\ 
section  of  the  city.  That  skill  which  is  shown 
in  the  various  features  of  their  substantial  and 
;,;raceful  construction,  including;"  oin.uiient.al  de- 
tails, etc.,  reveals  in  them  tlie  deftness  and 
talent  of  (Jin'  le.idiiij;  architects,  aniline;  whom 
we  take  pleasure  in  c.illintj  attention  to  the 
name  of  Mr,  H.  \'.  Ilobbis,  who  is  noted  in 
this  hnniircd  |)rofrssi(in,  and  whose  photo  we 
present  m  the  ilkislralinns  below.  This  enter- 
prising citizen  conducts  business  in  well- 
e(|uip|ie(l  iidices  and  draughting  rooms,  on  tin- 
liflh  lloor  (if  the  (jlobe  Building,  corner  Ijro.ul 
and  Mechanic  streets.  His  ability  and  genuine 
merit  have  been  quickly  recognized,  and  have 
been  rewarded  with  the  most  llattering  success. 
.V  general  line  of  .uchilectur.d  business  is  ably 
conducted,  planning  all  kinds  (jf  sliuctures 
and  guaranteeing  fidelity  to  all  tletails  of  his 
carefully  diuwn  specifications.  He  is  a  valuable  .idflition  to 
the  already  great  number  of  honorable  ,ind  eneigelic  architects 
in  this  city,  and  with  his  experience  and  thonjugh  knuwledge 
of  his  profession  in  all  its  br.uiches,  and  strict  attention  to  busi- 
ness, he  will  continue  to  merit,  and  doubtless  receive,  ,i  liber.al 
share  of  public  patronage. 


THE  A    OHL   MACHINE  WORKS. 


IT  has  been  IrulhUdh  stated  by  a  prominent  industii.il  expert, 
that  .ui)  thing  wantetl  in  the  machine  trade,  from  a  needle 
111  .in  .inchor,  is  to  be  fountl  in  the  work-shojis  of  Newark,  and 
there  is  no  gainsaying  the  fact  that  the  machinists  .and 
inventors,  as  a  class,  h.ive  been  prominent  factors  in  attractiii" 
various  other  trades  to  locate  their  pl.ints  in  this  cit\,  W'c 
mention,  with  pleasure,  the  well-knin\n  name  of  iht-  .\.  (jh| 
Machine    Works,    manufacturers    nf    the    celibratcd     .\.     ()h| 


KESIIIF,N(   I      111      l-X-slll  Rl  I  F    t.    W,    HlNt,    ll\     I'AKK    .\\V..,    OKANI.l',,    N.    J. 


I'.itent  Water  Filters,  and  patented  l^aint  and  X'arnish 
Machines,  general  machinists  and  tool-makers,  iinentors  and 
designers  of  special  machinery  to  iirtler.  .'\  life-lii<e  jihoto  of 
the  proprietor  is  presented  herewith,  and  the  well-equipped 
machine  pl.int  is  located  in  the  Wheaton  Building,  corner 
Market  street  and  I'ennsylvania  K.  R.  avenue — Nos.  365-367 
M.irket  street  and  Xos.  25-31  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  avenue,  o]ip. 
Market  Street  Station.  This  enterprising  mechanic  is  noted 
for  his  skill  .uid  .ibility  in  designing  and  inipiiiving  upon  the 
invention  of  others,  having  in  his  employ  some  of  the  nidst 
thinough  and  e.xperienced  workmen  known  to  the  trade. 

This,  combined  with  his  personal  knowledge,  enables  him 
to  execute  promptly  the  most  delicate  order  in  the  machinists' 
trade.  The  plant  is  know  n  for  having  [iroduced  some  of  the 
hnest  dies  and  tools,  presses,  engines  and  a  variety  of  ordinar\ 
machinery  of  the  heaviest  and  most  approved  style.  Mr.  l.)hl 
being  the  owner  of  several  valuable  patented  inventions  whicli 
are  a  great  help  to  the  trade. 


A\'1I^W  of  the  resiflence  of  V.\- 
Sheriff  k'.dwin  W.  lline,  of 
Orange  is  shmvn  abci\r,-and  a 
phiito  of  whom  will  be  found  on 
page  135.  Mr.  Hine  was  born  in 
i)hi(i,  March  1853,  and  w.is  edn- 
1  .lied  in  the  public  schonls  of  that 
Slate.  He  settled  in  Orange  in 
1S72,  .and  engaged  in  the  Hour  and 
feed  busmess,  which  he  conducted 
successfully  for  a  number  of  vears. 
In  1.S87,  he  represented  the  people 
111  the  .Second  Ward  in  the  (trange 
Common  Council,  and  in  J.S.S7  he 
was  elected  Sheriff  of  l--ssex  Countv. 
During  the  past  six  years  he  has 
been  identified  with  ihc  nianufai - 
lure  of  Harveyized  Armor,  the 
.\merican  Washer  and  M.mufaclnr- 
ing  Co.  and  the  New  Jersey  Trac- 
tion Compan\-.  He  is  Lieutenant 
Cdloiul  of  the  2d   Reg.  N.  ("..  N.J. 


n,  V.  HOiujis,  AKcniiKcr. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED ^ 


O  Ot) 


J.  B.  FAITOUTE. 

ESSEX  County,  New  Jersey,  is 
famous  throuLfhoiit  civiliza- 
tion as  tlie  home  of  numerous  co- 
operative associations,  including 
religious,  patriotic,  educational,  in- 
dustrial, fraternal,  social,  benevo- 
lent, charitable  and  various  others 
too  numerous  to  mention.  All  of 
these  exist  in  a  nourishing  condi- 
tion, and  meet  with  the  approval 
and  indorsement  of  the  people,  for 
whose  good  they  exist.  There  are, 
perhaps,  but  few  of  our  fellow- 
citi<:ens  who  really  consider  the 
amount  of  good  that  is  continuallv 
being  done,  through  the  offices  of 
these  time  honored  organizations. 
Among  them  we  mention  with 
])leasure,  and  exhibit  a  striking 
photo  of,  Mr.  J.  B.  Faitoute.  who 
so  creditably  discharges  the  duties 
of  Supreme  Secretary  of  the 
Golden  Star  Fraternity. 

Besides  being  connected  with  the  Supreme  Coimcil  of  (jiie  of 
the  most  tliri\'ing  fraternal  insurance  organizations,  Mr.  Faitoute 
has  been  carrying  on  a  large  and  most  extensive  insurance 
business,  representing  nearly  all  of  the  well-known  and  largest 
insurance  companies  in  this  country.  For  a  nundier  of  years 
he  lias  also  been  Secretary  of  both  the  Fireside  and  Hearth- 
stone Building  and  Loan  Association.s.  Both  .i.ssociations  are 
well-known  in  business  circles.  His  office  is  situated  in  the 
Clinton    Building. 

The  organization  is  a  social,  fraternal  and  bemvoleni 
association,  and  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  .Si.iie 
of  New  Jer.sey,  January  21,  18S2.  The  incor|)orators  were 
residents  of  the  city  of  Newark  and  well-known  among  the 
liusiness  comnumity.  hence  it  is  absolutely  a  home  institution. 
Its  objects  are  to  [iromote  industry,  morality  and  charity  among 
its  members,  and  to  pi-ovide  and  establish  a  beneficiary  fund 
from  which,  on  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  death  of  a  member, 
a  sum  not  exceeding  $2,000.  shall  be  paid  to  the  beneficiaries. 


OTTO   K.   SCHILL 


HEBREW  IIKI'll.AN    .ASVl.UM.    UN   .M  f  I.HEUR  V  .STREEf, 


IT  is  ,1  true  s.iying,  that  "  Music 
hath  charms  to  soothe  the 
savage  breast."  This  may  or  may 
not  be  true :  it  all  depends  upon 
one's  definition  of  music,  and  this 
ag.iin  relies  upon  one's  education. 
Then  the  savageness  of  the  beast 
must  be  inveisely  proportinate  to 
ine  savageness  of  the  music.  What 
might  bring  tears  to  the  eyes  of 
the  savage,  might  bring  tears  to 
our  eyes.  too.  but  from  a  vastly 
different  reason.  Uncouth  strains 
that  might  have  a  soothing  effect 
upon  a  C  hinese  widow,  might 
sooih  us  also,  on  the  same  princi- 
ple that  a  policeman's  club  has  a 
soothing  effect  if  judiciously  ap- 
plied. \  glance  at  the  strikmg 
photo  which  the  artist  has  so  suc- 
cessfully transferred  to  this  page, 
will  satisfy  anyone  who  has  the 
least  smattering  of  |)hrcnological 
science,  that  the  artist  whom  it  represents  is  musically  inclined, 
and  that  music  is  a  natural  characteristic. 

The  elegant  studio  of  this  musical  genuis  is  located  in  the 
Clinton  Building,  No.  22  Clinton  .Street,  between  Broad  and 
Beaver  Streets.  Here  he  devotes  his  personal  attention  in 
giving  lessons  to  those  desiring  to  learn  the  art  of  playing  the 
soul-entrancing  violin.  Newark  is  justly  proud  of  her  many 
excellent  artists,  but  few,  if  any,  ]iossess  the  (|ualifi(alions  to  im- 
part their  knowledge  of  this  particular  inslriMnenl  to  others 
better  than  our  well-known  fellow-townsm.ui,  Mr.  Otto  I\. 
SchiU.  who  is  noted  as  one  of  the  niosl  p.iinstaking.  untiring 
and  devoted  instructors,  whose  ambition  is  to  graduate  musical 
artists  who  will  be  a  credit  to  themselves  and  an  honor  to  hin.. 


A 


STACY    B.   RITTENHOUSE. 
MON(;  the  business  men  of  the  Tenth  Ward,  the  name  of 
Stacy   11.  Rittenhouse    is  well    and    favorably  known,  he 


F.'VITOUTE. 


havino-  been  identified  in  the  industrial  pursuits  for  the  pasi 
twenty-five  years.  The  photo  pre- 
sented on  page  214  is  a  good  like- 
ness of  the  gentleman  umler  con- 
sideration, who  is  engaged  in  the 
grocery  and  dairy  business  located 
on  the  northwest  corner  of  Pacific 
Street  and  New  York  Avenue. 
.Mr.  Rittenhouse  devotes  his  .itten- 
lion  to  the  success  of  his  calling, 
.ind  while  a  strict  business  man, 
has  found  time  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  citizenship,  he  having 
represented  faithfully  the  people  of 
of  the  Tenth  Ward  in  the  lioard 
of  I'.ducation  lor  lour  years  and 
served  with  ability  on  some  of  the 
most  imjiortant  committees  of  the 
board. 

Mr.   Rittenhouse,    in    connection 
with  the  grocery  trade,  conducts  a 
dairy  and  produce  business,  supply- 
ing   everything   in    these    lines   in        —  ' 
their  season.                                                                         orio  k.  schii-i. 


2::(> 


ESSEX  CnrXTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ALFRED    PETER 

AKCIirri'.("ri'l\E  slamN  loniKKi  in  the  various  linuiclies 
()(  all.  It  is  d  pruffSsiDii.  tilt-  techiiialities  of  whicli  iiiiist 
br  lioiii  in  a  man,  nr  In  no  means  will  it  out.  That  which 
is  l)iiin  within  from  a  stan(l|>oint  of  art.  is  genins.  and  tlia't 
which  is  u;tnins.  ri\eits  b.ick  to  the  hist  piinciple.  art.  Thert- 
.111-  iiKuiy  alilf  ,111(1  highly  accomplished  architects  conducting 
their  profession  in  this  city,  and  among  the  number  we  take 
]5leasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of  \lf.  .\lfred  I'eter.  a  photo  of 
whom  IS  presented  .among  the  iiklstl■,ltion^  on  this  page.  Mf. 
I'etef  londuils  his  calling  in  tlie  ne.it  .mil  well  equipped 
office  and  diMUghling  rooms,  located  .al  No.  215  l-'erry  Street, 
near  the  junction  of  H.imburg  l'l,ice,  ,in<l  he  is  .an  eminently 
skillful  and  ea|)ai)le  anhitecl,  who  conscientiously  discharges 
his  duties  toward  those  wTio  intrust  their  work  in  tnis  line  to 
him.  His  pkms.  specifications  and  eslim.ites  are  prepared  with 
great  care  and  accuracy,  and  he  has  achieved  great  success, 
as  regards  both  the  exterior  and  interior  elegance  of  his  build- 
ings, many  of  which  now  adorn  the  eastern  section  of  the  city. 
He  is  noted  in  the  profession  for  closely  adhering  to  the 
spei  ihcations  in  supervising  construction,  and  in  every  way 
promoting  the  best  interests  of  his  clients,  Mr.  Peter  has 
won  an  en\  iable  name  in  his  honored  profession,  and  exercises 
a  wide  influence  in  the  domain  of  practical  ar;:hitecture.  in 
which  he  has  fullilled  his  obligations  to  the  letter. 


LINCOLN   A    VIRTUE. 

THI-'I\E  is  every  indic.it ion  of  a  Greater  Newark  in  the  near 
future,  and  with  ilie  iiicicised  population,  refinement 
,ind  wc.dth  that  will  necess.iiily  follow,  a  growing  demand  will 
arise  for  the  erection  of  beautiful,  useful  and  substantial  struc- 
tures, th.it  w  ill  become  the  pride  of  the  public,  and  at  the 
s.ime  time  attract  the  admiration  of  all  visitors.  In  this  connec- 
tion we  take  pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of  Mr.  fancnln 
A.  X'irtue,  .1  |)hoto  of  whom  is  presented  in  the  illustrations,  as 
one  among  those  of  our  fellow-citizens  who  ha\e  achieved 
distinction  for  skill  and  artistic  conceptions  as  architects  in  this 
city.  Mr,  \  irtue  whose  neat  and  well  arranged  oHices  and 
draughting  rooms  are  located  corner  Broad  and  Academy 
Streets,  opposite  the  new  ijost-ottiie,  was  born  and  educated  in 


UKMDi:\CK    'iV    W.    II.    f.  \KK  IIDK.M,    UN    KH.HIII    STREEI'. 

this  State,  and  at  an  early  age  commenced  the  study  of  hi'- 
honored  profession  under  Messrs,  Thomas  Cressey  and  William 
Halsey  Wood,  both  gentlemen  being  now  distinguished  .archi- 
tects of  Newark. 

In  1S89,  Mr.  Virtue  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion on  his  owai  account,  and  at  once  secured  a  liberal  anil 
influential  patronage.  He  is  an  able  and  talented  architect,  who 
attends  faithfully  to  details,  and  whose  plans  are  well  digested 
and  studied,  .'\mong  the  buildings  planned  and  constructed  by 
Mr.  \'irtue  may  be  mentioned,  the  liaker  Building  on  Market 
Street,  the  Hotel  LJayonne  in  Jersey  Cit\ ,  the  Elizabeth  Avenue 
Public  School,  which  is  represented  in  the  educalional  de])art- 


..\Ll-UEn    I'ETBU. 


ment  of  this  illustrated  work,  etc. 
He  makes  a  specialty  of  designing 
and  erecting  public  buildings,  and 
has  successfully  solved  the  complex 
problem  of  how  to  utilize  the  mini- 
mum of  building  area  with  the 
maxmium  of  accommodation  and 
.inhitectural  beauty  of  design.  Mr- 
\'irtue  always  aims  to  secure  to 
owners  the  best  results  within  the 
hiriits  of  estimates,  and  his  close 
adherence  to  specifications  points 
him  out  as  an  architect  of  the 
hightest  professional  attainments. 
,Mr.  \'ilue  is  a  member  of  the 
r.arfield  Club  and  other  noted 
organizations  in  this  city. 

He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
ablest  architects  in  the  city,  having 
won  an  enxiable  reputation  in  his 
|^rofession,  and  exercises  a  wide  in- 
fluence in  the  architectural  and 
building  trade. 


LINCOLN    A,    VIKTUE. 


J'JSSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


237 


JOHN    NIEDER. 

TUF.  liistory  of  the  world  is  filled  with  the  aniaz- 
iiii;  deeds  of  heroic  men,  and  women,  too. 
who  have  won  honors  on  bloody  fields,  but  the 
pages  of  this  illustrated  sou\enir  has  been  devoted 
to  recording  the  names,  and  |iresenting  photos  of 
men  whose  genius  has  contributed  to  make  Essex 
County  great  and  famous  in  the  industrial  world. 
The  numerous  interests  that  have  contributed 
towaids  this  grand  result,  are  to  be  congratulated 
for  the  parts  played  in  accomplishing  it.  and  promi- 
nent among  them  the  tanning  and  manufacturing 
of  leather  h;is  played  an  important  part.  Newark  at 
the  present  writing  lieing  the  centre  of  this  trade  in 
the  United  States.  .Attention  is  directed  to  the 
enterprise  of  our  well-knuwn  fellnw-tnw  nsni.iii.  Mr. 
John  Nieder,  manufacturer  of  every  description  of 
book-binders'  and  pocket-book  brands  of  leather, 
\\hich  are  creditable  to  the  push,  enterprise  and 
ability  of  this  voung  and  wide-awake  mechanic. 
The  plant  is  located  on  Emmett  Street  and 
Avenue  C,  near  the  Emmett  Street  .Station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  and  is  one  of  the  best  ecpiipped  factories  of  its  size 
and  kind  in  the  citv.  Mr.  Nieder,  a  photo  of  whom  is  seen  on 
this  page,  is  a  practical  mechanic  with  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  leather  business,  especially  those  brands  that  he  repre- 
sents, and  these  are  noted  principally  for  their  quality  and 
finish.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  having  raised  himself  up  from 
the  bench  to  his  present  standing  in  the  leather  trade,  and  has 
on  various  occasions  acted  the  part  of  a  good  citizen,  having 
ably  repiesented  the  people  of  the  Tenth  Ward  in  the  Board  of 
Education,  and  his  district  in  the  State  Legislature. 


T 


JACOB  GAHR. 

HK    accompanving   illustration    represents  a   typhical  self- 
made   man,  the   story  of  whose  life  clearly  demonstrates 


what  can  be  accomplished  by  energy,  integrity,  sobriety  and 
reliability.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Germany, 
December  31,  1S56,  in  humble  circumstances.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  his  parents  emigrated  with  him  and  the  remainder  of 
the  family  to  this  country.     Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  secured 

by  the    \arious 


IHb;    GERMAN    HOSI'IT.-\  I.,    ON    HANK    s  I  !■;  K  ]■;  I  . 

a  situation  in  a  cigar  factory,  and  by  strict  .illciuion  to  his 
business  soon  gained   the  reputation  of  an   expert  cigar  maker. 

By  hard  work  and  economy  he  succeeded  in  laying  aside 
sufficient  to  launch  out  as  a  cigar  manufacturer  on  his  own 
account,  which  he  did  February  2,  1883.  Commencing  in  a 
very  small  way,  his  business  soon  began  growing  and  steadily 
continued  step  by  step,  until  to-day  he  occupies  a  well-equipped 
factory  in  the  rear  of  153-155  Hamburg  Place,  in  which  he  now 
employes  several  experienced  workmen.  This  is  a  remarkable 
growth  considering  the  com|)etition  he  had  to  contend  with. 
It  must  be  noted  that  the  chief  source  of  his  success  was  the 
never  failing  reliability  in  the  gooils  In-  manufactured.  A 
customer  once  secured,  he  rarely  lost,  lu  June,  1896,  he  also 
embarked  in  the  dry  and  fancy  goods  business  in  his  store  at 
155  Hamburg  Place,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  he  will  employ 
the  same  traits,  energy  and  reliability,  to  make  his  new  business 
as  great  a  success  as  the  cigar  business.  On  the  front  of  1  53- 
155  Hamburg  Place  he  has  erected  a  handscmic  three-story 
frame  and  a  two  and  one-half  story  brick  structure. 

Mr.  Gahr  is  ])Ossessed  of  a  genial  disposition  which  has  won 
him  a  host  of  friends,  and  the  popularity  he  enjoys  is  attested 
'anizations  with 


JACOH    GAIIK. 


which  he  is  connected,  mainly  the 
Orpheus,  Liederkrauz,  Bethoven 
Maennerchor.  St.  Leonard  Council, 
No.  448,  Catholic  Benevolent 
Legion,  of  which  he  is  vice-presi- 
dent ;  St.  Benedict's  Benevolent 
SocictN,  of  which  he  is  the  presi- 
dent, having  been  connected  with 
St.  Benedict's  Church  since  his 
arrival  in  this  country.  .Mr.  Gahr 
takes  a  deep  interest  111  educational 
matters,  and  is  an  active  member 
of  the  St.  Benedict's  Parochial 
School  and  the  Twelth  Ward  Ger- 
man and  English  School  Societies. 
The  story  of  Mr.  Gahr's  career 
in  his  trade  reads  somewhat  like 
a  fairy  tale,  and  at  the  same  time 
demonstrates  what  can  be  accomp- 
lished by  attention  to  business,  and 
the  secret  he  claims  lo  be  honest), 
pluck  and  clctcriiiiii.ilion  to  win. 


JUH.N     NIKOEK. 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  N.  J..  TLU^STRATED. 


THOMAS    CRESSEY. 


uoiUi    in  wliii'll  ihe 
l.tss   jiroftsMons  arr 


Tl  lEKI':  is  no  ciuinl|-\  in  ll 
iiKirc  rL-lined  .mil  liii;h 
iiiort  w.iniilv  iTcot;iiizeil  ami  (.•iicovir.i^^cd  llian  in 
tlif  Stalls  cif  tile  Ainericaii  Union.  There  is,  in 
partii'ul.ii"  in  this  (  nuntrv,  ime  profession  that  has 
;^'ainiil  wiile  patron. i^e  witliin  tile  last  twenty 
years,  .uul  that  is  the  vocation  ol  (lesiL;ninL;"  larL;e 
striKluies  fof  niills,  facloiies.  stoi c-hotises.  eti. 
■' C.reater  Newai  k."  no  iloiilil,  will  he  an  i-Ncelleiil 
lielil  for  the  exercise  of  .1  hii^ii  oiilerdi  l.ilenl  in 
ilie  line  iif  modern  aiclntei  tare  so  ,ilil\  represented 
l)\  onr  Icllow -tnw  nsm.iii,  Mr.  'I  ln»ni.is  Cressey, 
a  life-like  photo  of  whom  is  presented  in  the  ilhis- 
tr.itions  on  this  |>a;^i'. 

lie  is  a  widcK -known  ,ind  eminent    architect  .ind 
snperinl<ndent.    whose     w  ell-ei|nipped    oHices   and 
draii^lilin.L;  rooms  .ire    loc.ited    in    tiie   (dohe  liuild- 
ing.  .Soo    llro.id    street,   curner   Mech.mic,      He   w.is 
born     in     Ma|)leton.    I'lni^kind.    ,md     after     lia\inL; 
received    an    e.veellent    education,  studied  with    suc- 
cess, as  an  tuchitect.     He   coiiimeneed   the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Xewark  more  than  a  rjuarter  of 
a  century  ago,  and  is  recognized  as  one  among  the 
tile  tihlest  in  this  line.     His  plans  are  always  accurate  and  com- 
|)lete  in  e\erv  detail,  and  he  has  successfully  sol\ed  the  complex 
prohlem  of  how  to  utilize  the   minimum   of  buikling  area   with 
the  maximum    nf  accommodation    and  architectural  l)eaul\  of 
design.     Proofs   of   his  skill  and  aljility   are  embodied  in   the 
manv  extensive  edifices  erected  under  his  direction  and  plans  in 
Newark  and   vicinity,  which  are  greatly    admired  by   experts. 
Here  are  some  of  them  :  The    Essex  County   National   ISank, 
Stoutenburgh  X;  Co.'s   Clothing   House.  Wilkinson,  (iaddis  tS; 
Co.'s  Warehouse,  l\)lar  Cold  Storage  Building,  Eastwood  Wire 
Works,  Ijelleville,  N.J.,  Atha  Steel  Works,  and  many  others. 
He    makes    a    specialty    of     large    buildings,    factories,     power 
houses,    etc.      Mr.    Cressey    is    liighh     esteemed    for    his    strict 
integrity,  .and   has  always  aimed   to   secure  to   owners   the  best 
results  within  the  limits  of  estimates.     He  is  an  active  member 
of  the  Republican  Club,  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  is  connected 
with  se\  eral  other  well-known  organizations  of  this  cit\'. 


HDMK    lilK    .\c.l-.|i    WD.MKX.    (JX    Ml.     fl.i;.\S.\  XT    .WKNL'E. 

H.   GALLOWAY  TENEYCK. 


•riio.\i.\s  CKi..ss|.;\,  AKciii  rivcr. 


)  I'lJSSI'.S.S  a  pr.ictii.il  .md  llmroiigh  knowledge  of  one's 
profession  is  one  of  the  most  commendable  features  of  a 
man's  tiusiness  life.  The  man  who  cirefullv  classifies  his  work 
is  sure  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  leading  men  of  business 
and  finance,  and  bring  to  his  support,  commissions  from  the 
highest  walks  of  life.  A  notable  citizen  in  this  connection,  we 
,ire  pleased  to  nieiition  the  name  of  Mr.  H.  Gallowav  Teneyck, 
architect,  located  in  the  I'iremen's  Insurance  Building,  corner 
Broad  and  Market  streets,  whose  life-like  photo  is  herewith 
|)resented.  The  elegant  and  well-equipped  office  and  draught- 
ing rooms  of  this  worth}'  representative  of  the  architectural 
profession,  disclose  .at  a  glance  the  jirominent  features  of  his 
honored  CdUiiig,  and  the  numerous  residences,  stores  and  other 
structures  erected  in  this  city  and  its  suburbs  attest  his  skill 
and  ability  in  the  trade  he  so  abl\-  represents.  He  is  a 
thoroughly  competent 
draughtsman  and  general 
architect  of  ample  exper- 
ience and  is.  in  a  word, 
master  of  his  art  in  all  its 
branches.  It  would  be 
useless  to  mention  here 
the  names  of  any  partic- 
ular buildings,  as  this  en- 
terprising citizen  is  willing 
to  forward  a  beautiful 
souvenir  to  the  public  for 
the  .asking.  Mr.  Teneyck 
is  prepared  to  make  |)lans 
for  all  cl.isses  of  build- 
ings, furnishing  designs, 
specifications  .iiid  esti- 
mates at  short  notu  e  and 
guarantees  perfect  satis- 
laction.  Particular  atten- 
tion is  gi\eii  to  interior 
designing,  under  his  pei- 
soii.d      supervisinii       .nid 

•fi''^"  '"'"■  11.    (..MI.OUAV     rKM'.VCK,    .Mil   II 1  I  KC  T . 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


233 


DIXON   &   RIPPEL 


THERE  is,  perhaps,  nn  (ine  interest  in  New- 
ark to-dav'  wliitli  has  shown  such  a 
healthy  and  continued  growth  as  the  biush 
business.  The  manufacture  of  high  grade 
l)rushes  constitutes  a  very  important  industry. 
The  estaljlishment  of  Dixon  &  Rippel  is  not 
only  the  most  prominent,  but  is  also  the  oldest 
established  in  this  cit\ .  In  the  year  1S57  this 
house  was  founded  by  Mr.  Kdwnrd  Di.xon,  the 
senior  partner  of  the  present  firm.  In  1866  he 
admitted  .Mr.  W.  Dixon  to  partnership,  and  the 
firm  became  known  as  E.  &  \V.  Dixon.  In 
1891  the  above  firm  dissolved  and  Mr.  Edward 
Dixon  continued  the  business  under  the  name 
of  Newark  City  Brush  Manufactory.  A  few 
months  later  .Mr.  Albert  A.  Rippel  was  admitted 
to  partnership,  and  the  firm  became  known  as 
Dixon  &  Rippel. 

Mr.  Edward  Dixon,  the  founder  of  the  firm. 
is  an  old  citizen  of  Nenark.  He  is  a  practical 
brush  maker  and  has  been  actively  identified 
with  the  brush  business  in  this  city  since  1852. 
The  old  sign  (Newark  Brush  Factory)  can  still 
be  seen  on  top  of  the  factory  building,  at  Nos. 
50  and  52  Market  Street. 

Mr.  Albert  .\.  Rippel.  the  junior  partner,  is  a 
native  of  Newark,  and  has  been  actively  identi- 
fied with  the  brush  industry  since  1880,  having 
grown  up  in  the  business  from  boyhood.  He 
represents  what  is  called  young  blood  in  business,  and  since 
his  connection  the  firm  has  experienced  a  continued  increase  in 
business.  He  is  one  of  the  few  men  who  are  to-day  called 
successful  salesmen.  The  high  grade  brushes  manufactured 
by  this  firm  are  fast  becoming  celebrated  for  their  su|)erior 
construction,  durability  and  practical  working  (pudities.    Always 


DlXn.X    ,v    Kll'I'Kl/S    IIRl'SH    WORKS,    l.ORNKK    .M.\KKl:,r    .\.\1J    l'l..\.\l;    .-lUF.F.I.S. 


using  the  best  materials,  and  combining  the  highest  mechanical 
skill  with  thorough  experience,  they  feel  confident  in  claiming 
to  produce  the  best  brushes  in  the  market.  This  firm  enjoys 
the  distinction  of  carrying  on  a  general  brush  mantifacturing 
business.  They  are  not  confined  to  any  one  particular  branch, 
but  manufacture  evervthing  in  the  line. 


EDWAKD    DIXON. 


Al.HKKr    ;\.    kiri'1.1.. 


2^U 


ESSEX  COUNTY.  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


F.    W.    MUNN. 

ON'E  (if  the  best  ccjuipped  ami  i  oniinddinus  livi-iy  and 
boarding  stables  to  be  found  in  the  i  ily  of  Newark  is, 
perhaps,  that  of  F.  W.  Munn,  located  on  Chestnut  and  Oliver 
Streets,  adjoining  Chestnut  Street  station.  I'ennsyhania  Rail- 
to. id.  Few  cities  of  this  count)  v  can  boast  of  larger,  better 
equipped  or  more  honorably  conducted  eslablishnients  than 
this  r.ipidiv  growing  metropolitan  city  of  New  Jersey.  W'hen 
we  state  the  fact  to  strangers  or  those  unac(|uainieil  with  the 
livery  business  as  conducted  by  enterprising  men  in  this  noted 
manufacttning  centre,  that  Newark  maintains  nearly  one  him- 
dred  boarding  and  livery  insliiutions  where  horses  and  vehicles 
can  be  obl.uned  for  hire,  they  would  be  startled  by  its  magni- 
tude. We  take  |)leasure  in  c  ailing  the  altention  of  the  public 
to  the  establishment  conducted  by  our  well-known  fellow-towns- 
man. Mr.  I-'.  W.  Munn,  which   has  been   so  skillfulK   translerred 


always  certain  to  be  found  in  this  establishment,  ,ind  that  is 
polite  attention.  ,-\n  ap])licalion  made  for  .i  rig  in  which  to 
riile.  lie  it  for  one  of  his  swift  steppers  or  high  lookers,  or 
one  of  the  patient,  safe  and  steady  plodding  dobbins — for 
he  keeps  every  variety — and  turnouts  of  elegance  or  comfort, 
conunon  or  for  a  saddle  horse  to  take  a  gallop  on,  is  always 
met  in  a  Inisiness  way,  and  the  want  su])plied  as  though  every- 
body was  in  a  hurry.  Flegaiice,  care,  cleanliness  and  dispatch 
are  the  leading  wor<ls  in  Mr.  Muiin's  business  dictionary.  That 
Newark  i-i  lortunate  in  the  class  vl  men  who  are  engaged  in 
the  livery  business  is  a  fact  that  goes  without  the  saying,  and 
1' .  W.  .Munn.  who  is  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  business,  is  only 
a  representative  of  this  large  class  of  business  men  eng.iged  in 
letting  horses  and  carri.iges  in  the  city  of  Newark.  I-"iom  very 
modest  beginnings  the  business  of  this  concern  has  grown  to 
its  present  inunense  proportions  under  the  lostering  of  this  man 


!|  iBOARDING  .-^  LIVFRYJSTAB  L  F  ,^  [ 

m BOARDING &Li¥ERYSTABLES.~    p^  ^,,„„ 

III,  ,4  ^  '^--- FW.MUNN. 

^76 


M  I  \  N  s  (  .\  r,    \  \  1 1 


0   n     I  \W'  it:i  I  M. 


;iit-:sr\t"T  srui  i-:i. 


by  our  .artist  to  this  p.ige  of  Essex  Countv,  N.  |.,  Ili.u?- 
IR.\1K1).  The  stables  front  on  Chestnut  Street  and  tun 
through  to  <  tliver  Street,  and  within  these  capacious  .mil 
roomy  buildings  are  comfortably  stabled  the  more  than  sInIv 
horses  kept  constantly  on  hand  for  livery  purposes.  .Among 
these  are  many  fine'  ai)pearing  et|uines  to  haul  the  elegant 
buggies,  carriages,  coaches  and  l.ind.ius.  an  immense  iiundier 
of  which  they  have,  in  styles  and  patterns  sullicicnt  lo  s.itislv 
the  tastes  of  the  most  fastidious  or  exacting  among  the  thous- 
ands who  are  their  continuous  ]5atrons.  Not  an  unimporl.ml 
part  of  their  business  arises  from  the  gre.it  demand  made  on 
their  immense  resources  for  supplying  on  short  notice,  coaches 
and  drivers  for  funerals  and  weddings.  The  former  are  always 
clean  and  sweet,  and  woe  betide  the  (hi\er  who  rides  in  the 
driver's  seat  of  one  of  these  coaches  who  is  not  ,dw.iys  polite 
.ind    p.iinsl.iking.   or    sliows   dereliction    of   ilnt\.      (hie    thing    is 


of  pluck  .ind  \im.  and  he  can  trace  his  success  to  the  original 
moiio.  "deternuned  to  please,"  which  h. is  been  carried  out  l<i 
the  letter,  not  only  by  himself.  Init  by  all  his  employees.  .\ 
\isii  to  the  stables  is  well  worth  the  making  by  the  lovers  of 
the  horse  and  the  admirers  of  the  stylish  in  harness,  saddles, 
c.ii  riages  or  sleighs,  stylish  and  elegant  representatives  of  either 
.ind  all  being  found  in  the  stables  and  repositories  for  vehicles. 
.Old  iioudoiis  .111(1  cloM'ts  for  the  harness,  robes,  bl.inkcls. 
brooms,  dusters  and  the  Ily  nettings,  a  variety  of  which  are 
ki|it  constantly  on  hand,  for  use  when  necessity  or  emergency 
1  <dls  or  efficienc\  demands.  Mr.  Munn  alwav  s  deligiUs  to  show 
lluise  around  the  establishment,  in  whi(  h  he  takes  ,i  personal 
interest  and  pride,  who  are  in  pursuit  of  pleasure  or  mform.;- 
lion  as  lo  where  is  the  proper  place  to  procure.  ,it  a  model. ite 
price.  |ust  su(  Ii  ,i  luinoiil  .is  tlic\  would  like  when  llie\  wish  [u 
I  ide  or  dri\  c  throu"h  the  rit\  or  its  suburbs. 


ESSEX  COr-XTV,  N.  J.,  ILLrSTRATHD 


2:i5 


Every  year  the  establishment  sends  out  a  neat  circular,  notify- 
ing the  people  as  far  as  possible  of  the  greatlv  increased  facili- 
ties he  has  made,  in  order  to  please  and  gratify  his  old  customers 
and  point  to  others  whom  he  is  ready  and  willing  to  please. 
Mr.  Munn  is  one  of  those  men  who  believe  in  having  a  good 
tiling — the  very  best  the  markets  afford,  and  put  into  exercise 
the  full  measure  of  his  pusli  and  vim  to  furnish  evervbodv 
with  "a  good  horse  and  carriage  for  a  very  little  money." 

There  is  little  doubt  of  this  being  one  of  the  most  thoroughly 
ei|uipped  livery  stables  in  ihe  city  of  Newark'.  I'esides  the 
paraphernalia  proper,  he  has  his  own  blacksmilh,  wheelwright 
and  harness  makers'  shops  with  skilled  iiuchanics  to  operate 
thrill.  ,ill  of  which  a  wide-awake,  thinknng  ])ublic  appreciate. 
He  makes  a  s]ieciaity  of  furnishing  horses  and  wagons  separate 
or.  together  by  the  dac.  week  or  iiioiitli.  .Also  two  and  foiii 
horse  stages  for  pleasure  parties  and  immense  vans  for  moving 
merchandise  or  furniture.  Mr.  IMunn  is  a  well-known  business 
man  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  livery  industrv  which 
he  so  ably  represents.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  war  for  the 
Union  and  a  member  of  Lincoln  Post,  No.  i  i,  (i.  .A.  K..  of  this 
cit\.  A  hrst-class  jihoto  of  him  is  hciewilh  gi\cn  in  the  ilkis- 
tratioiis,  with  that  of  his  elegant  lu  w  residence.  ,nul  they  speak 
for  him  louder  than  anything  we  could  sa\ . 


WILLIAM    J.   KEARNS, 

CI  11  'NSELLOR  William  J.  Kearns.  whose  photo  is  presented 
on  page  125  of  this  work,  was  a  member  of  the  legisla- 
ture during  the  year  1893.  In  the  legislative  manual  of  that 
year  the  following  facts  are  given  concerning  him  :  "  Mr. 
Kearns  w'as  born  in  Newark.  N.  J.,  .August  12,  1S64.  and  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession.  He  was  educated  in  St.  Patrick's  Paro- 
chial school  and  St.  Benedict's  College,  Newark,  and  also  in  the 
Universitv  of  the  City  of  New  York,  where  he  received  the 
degree  of  L.  h.  I!.,  on  May  26.  1892.  He  was  admitted  as  an 
attornev-at-law  at  the  June  term  of  the  Supreme  Court,  in 
1887,  and  as  a  counsellor-at-law  at  the  February  term,  in  1892. 
He  was  made  Master  in  Chancery,  February  14,  188S." 

Counsellor  Kearns,  whose  offices  are  located  in  the  C.lobe 
Building,  corner  Broad  and  Mechanic  Streets,  commenceO  his 
professional  career  by  opening  an  office  as  a  law  stenographer 
in  Newark,  his  native  place,  in  January.  1883.  at  tire  age  of  nine- 
teen. At 
that  time 
he  had  al- 
read\'  ac- 
(|uired  the 
r  e  p  u  t  a- 
t  i  o  n  of 
being  one 
of  the 
most  ex- 
pert court 
reporters 
in  this 
State.  He 
practiced 
his  pro- 
fession for 
s  e  v  e  r  a  1 
years,  at 
the  same 
time  con- 
tinning 
the  legal 
r.  w.  .MUN.N.  studies  he 


RESlDliNCE    OK    F.    W.    MUNN,    ON    CHESTNUT    STREET. 

had  already  begun.  During  this  period  in  his  career  he  Ire- 
c|uently  filled  the  place  of  the  official  stenographer  of  \'ice- 
Chancellor  Bird's  court,  generally  accompanxing  the  \'ice- 
Chancelloron  his  circuit  into  Warren,  Morris  Sussex,  Hunterdon 
and  .Somerset  Counties.  -.After  his  admission  to  the  Bar  in 
June,  1887,  as  stated  above,  he  abandoned  his  stenographic 
practice  and  has  since  been  devoting  himself  exclusively  to  the 
practice  of  the  law,  at  which,  for  a  young  man,  he  lias  achieveil 
a  large  measure  of  success.  At  the  .April  term,  1890,  of  the 
Essex  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  he  was  assigned  by  Justice 
Depue  to  defend  James  Smith,  who  was  indicted  for  the  murder 
of  Hastings.  This  murder  trial  attracted  considerable  public 
attention  at  the  time,  because  of  the  novelty  of  the  defense — 
an  insane  delusion  of  persecutions — which  Mr.  Kearns  ingeni- 
ously prepared,  and  which,  together  with  the  able  assistance  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Kalisch.  whom  he  asked  to  have  assigned  as  liis 
associate  counsel,  succeeded  in  saving  Smith  from  the  gallows. 

Latterly.  Counsellor  Kearns  has  been  giving  more  especial 
attention  to  the  civil  branch  of  liis  iirofession.  In  the  legisla- 
ture of  1S93  he  served  as  chairman  of  the  House  Committee 
on  State  Industrial  School  for  Girls;  he  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Federal  Relations,  and  one  of  the  committee 
on  the  Judiciary.  On  the  Judicial-)  Committee  he  earned  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  its  most  useful  and  hard-working 
members.  He  was  .also  the  Secretary  of  the  Essex  Democratic 
Assembly  Caucus,  for  in  politics  he  is  a  staunch  Democrat.  It 
was  this  caucus  which  determined  to  make  the  Hon.  James 
Smith,  Jr.,  a  candidate  for  United  States  Senator,  and  it  was 
Ml.  Kearns  who,  as  Secretary  of  the  caucus,  made  public 
announcement  of  the  action  of  tlie  Essex  lawmakers  at  their 
memorable  meeting  on  the  night  of  December  5,   1892. 

In  the  November  elections,  1892,  in  the  Se\enlh  Assembly 
District,  .Mr  Kearns  defeated  the  popular  Ex-Freeholder  Huegel, 
who  was  then  considered  invincible,  by  a  majority  of  239  votes, 
but  was  defeated  in  1893  by  Dr.  Edwards  by  24  votes. 


?o(; 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


F.   ENGELHORN 


SON. 


OTTO    C.    FISCURU. 


yrave.  Air.  Fischer  is  a  worthy  represeiitalive  of  tht-  profession 
in  which  lie  is  engaged,  and  is  noted  for  Ids  courteous  and 
Htjeral  dealinys  with  all  who  have  business  transactions  with 
him.     A  photo  of  Mr.  Fischer  is  presented  on  this  page. 


C.   W.    HEILMAN. 


ONI",   of    the   many    well-known 
undertaking     houses     doing 

business  in  tliis   city   is  that  of   [•". 

F.ngelhorn  &  Son.     The  house  was 

established   some    thirty-five   years 

.igo     l)y      John      Engelhorn,     and 

^nlce    his   death    in    1893.  the   busi- 
ness lias  been  continuetl  by  Mrs.  V. 

I'ngelhorn    and   lier   son,   Mr.  (Jtto 

I'ischer.       The     ware-rooms     and 

oilice    are  located  at    16   Hambuig 

riace,  and  arc  neatly  htted  uji  with 

e\erythiiig  connected  in  the  fmieral 

lurnishing    line.     Mr.  Fischer   was 

luirn   in  this  city,  being  educated  in 

the  pLd)lic  schools  of  Newark,  and 

L;raduatcd  from  the  Massachusetts 

Sciiool    of    Fmbalmiiig.      He    is    a 

practical   expert   in  embalming  and 

has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  evci  v 

detail  connected  with  the  duties  of 

a  funeral  director,  from  tlie  moment 

of  death  to  the  last  sad   rites  at  the 

Committee  for  si.x  years.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Third 
Ward  Republican  and  the  U.  S.  (".rant  Clubs,  and  is  also  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Public  I'.uddings,  of  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Freeholders,  a  member  of  the  committees  on  Finance 
and  Lunacy  and  is  identified  with  the  West  ICnd  Land  Improve- 
ment Association. 


C.     VV.    ni-.lIMAN. 


FKLEHULDER  C.  W.  Hcilman,  of  the  Third  Ward, 
Newark,  was  born  in  ("lermany,  near  the  Rhine,  in  1S57. 
When  ten  years  of  age  he  came  to  this  country  and  learned  the 
trade  of  toolmaker  and  machinist.  At  present  he  is  proprietor 
of  ,in  undertaker's  establishment  at  29  West  Street,  Newark. 
He  IS  ])resident  of  the  Honorary  Singing  Society,  and  is  a 
mendier  of  the  Moz.irt  Singing  Society,  the  Odd  Fellows, 
Chosen  Friends  anrl  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is  also  Director  of  the 
1  bird  Ward  liuiUling  and  Loan  .Association.  Mr.  lleihnan, 
a  photo  of  whom  is  displayed  here,  is  an  active  Republican,  and 
has  been  treasurer  of  the  Third  Ward  Republican   Executive 


G.    L.   ERB. 


WE  take  pleasure  in  mentioning,  on  these  pages,  the  name 
of  one  of  the  many  men  who  are  worthy  representatives 
of  the  funeral  directors  of  this  city,  Mr.  G.  L.  Erb,  a  truthful 
])hoto  of  whom  is  herewith  produced.  The  office,  ware-rooms 
and  morgue  .are  located  at  22  William  .Street,  and  are  admir- 
ably equipped  w  ith  everything  in  the  line  of  a  first-class  funeral 
furnishing  plant.  The  business  was  established  in  1S49,  by 
A.  L.  I'2rb,  who  died  in  1883,  and  was  continued  by  his  widow- 
Eva  M.  Erb,  with  G.  L.  Erb  as  manager,  until  1890.  Since 
then  the  undertaking  branch,  w  hich  is  one  of  the  best  iipiipped  in  the  city,  has 
been     conducted     by     the     former 

nianager,  Mr.  G.   L.  Erb,  and    the  ^ __         _  _ 

livery  business  is  carried  on  jointly  -  ■ 

by  Erb  and  Heilman.  Mr.  Erb  has 
grown  up  with  the  business,  and 
is  endowed  with  all  the  traits  of 
character  for  the  successful  carry- 
ing on  of  this  peculiar  calling.  He 
devotes  his  personal  attention  to 
embalming,  of  which  he  has  made 
,1  special  stutly.  He  takes  the  en- 
lire  charge  of  funerals,  furnishing 
everything  desired,  on  the  most 
reasonable  terms.  Calls  are  at- 
tended to  .it  all  hours  of  the  day 
and  night.  Mr.  Erb  is  a  native  of 
Cleveland.  Dhio,  and  possesses  a 
courteous  and  gentlemanly  dispo- 
sition, qualifications  that  are  abso- 
lutely necessary  in  discharging 
the  last  sad  rite  in  the  burial  of  the 
dead.  e.  b.  vvooDKttFF,  deceasicd. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  TLU'STRATED. 


W,   &  J     MULLIN. 

THERE  are  few  men  eni^aoed  in  llie  tunt-iul  furnishing  or 
undertaking  profession  tliat  are  possessed  of  tlie  various 
business  qualities  enjoyed  l>y  Messrs.  William  and  Joseph 
MuUin,  managers  of  the  estate  of  Peter  Mullin.  The  house 
was  established  in  1S70,  and  since  the  tragic  death  of  the 
founder,  which  occurred  in  1891.  the  business  has  been  ablv 
conducted  by  his  sons,  both  of  whom  are  graduates  of  the  New 
^'orU  College  and  the  Cincinnati  School  of  Embalming.  The 
ware-rooms  and  inorgue.  whii  h  is  illustrated  on  ihis  page,  are 
located  at  91  l.afayelle  Street,  and  are  thoroughly  supplied 
with  everything  in  the  line  of  funeral  furnishing  goods. 

Messrs.  W.  and  J.  i\Iullin.  the  managers,  devote  iheir  pcrson.il 
attention  to  the  business  of  their  honored  fnlhcr,  and  art- 
noted  for  tlieir  courteous  and  obliging  treatment  towards  the 
bereaved  families  of  those  who  intrust  them  with  the  i.ist 
sad  rites  of  decently  interring  their  sacred  dead.  The  house 
is  one  of  the  most  honerable  .ind  trustworthy  to  be  found  in 
the  business.  Calls  are-promplly  attended  to  at  all  hours  of 
the  day  and  night,  and  Qii  the  most  reasonable  terms. 


AUGUST   BERNAUER, 

IN  reviewing  the  \arious  industries  that  ale  represented  in 
this  city,  it  is'  cliflicult  to  select  a  calling  that  attracts  a 
a  more  able  set  of  men  than  the  profession  of  an  undertaker  or 
funeral  director.  Newark  has  many  honorable  citizens  who 
have  chosen  this  business,  and  among  them  we  take  pleasure 
in  mentioning  the  name  of  Mr.  August  Bernauer,  undertaker, 
whose  ware-roomsand  morgue  are  located  at  55  Barbara,  corner 
Niagara  Streets.  Mr.  Bernauer  first  beheld  the  light  of  day  in 
this  city  in  Se])tember,  1854,  and  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Newark.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  undertaking 
business  for  fourteen  years,  during  which  time  he  has  officiated 
at  the  funerals  of  many  well-known  citizens,  and  always  repre- 
sented the  dignified  profession  of  the  honorable  funeral  director. 
He  is  prepared  to  assume  entire  charge  of  obsequies, 
secure  burial  plots  in  any  cemetery,  and  supply  hearses  and 
coaches  in  any  required  number,  and  his  services  can  be 
obtained  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night  on  the  most  reason- 
able terms.  .Mr.  Bernauer,  a  i)hoto  of  whoiu  is  displayed  on 
this  page,  has    demonstrated  his   ability  in    the   profession    of 


MUI.I.IX'.S    UNIII-.RTAKING    ESI'A  liLISHMENf, 
ON    L.\l--.-\VinTE    .STI^tEET. 

undertaker,  and  is  respected  by  those  who  know  him  for  his 
courtesy  and  sterling  integrity.  He  is  associated  with  many 
fraternal,  benevolent  and  charitable  societies  and  has  been 
treasurer  of  St,  l.eonar<l's  Council,  C.  R.  I,.,  since  its  organiza- 
tion. 


A^;; 


AUGUST    BliKNAUEK. 


J.   P.    DOWLING  &  SON. 

YOUNG,  enterprising  and  honorable  re])resentative  among 
he  funeral  directors  of  this  city  worthy  of  mention  on 
these  pages  is  Mr.  James  P.  Dowling,  who  cotulucts  business  in 
the  undertaking  line,  under  the 
name  of  James  P.  Dowhng  & 
Son.  The  oliice  and  ware-rooms 
are  located  at  40  Bowery  Street. 
The  house  was  founded  in  1881, 
by  the  honored  father  of  the 
present  proprietor,  who  died  in 
1S93.  Since  then  he  success- 
fully continued  it.  Mr.  Dowling 
seems  to  be  endowed  with  those 
qualifications  necessary  to  carry 
on  his  profession.  HeisaNew- 
.irker  by  birth  and  education  and 
under  his  father's  care  learned 
his  profession.  Mr.  Dowling  is 
prepared  to  take  entire  charge 
of  funerals,  and  furnish  every- 
thing required.  He  makes  a 
specialty  of  embalming  on  the 
most  scientific  methods.  He  is 
well-known  in  the  eastern  sec- 
tion of  the  city,  and  is  esteemed 
by  everyone.  james  p.  uouli.ng. 


2:is 


ESSEX  CnrWTY,  X.  /.,  TLLFSTRATEn. 


C.   C.    MURRAY. 


Fl-^W  iiulicd.  among  ihf  many  l)eaii- 
ti.'nl  and  ai'tistic  illiislratioiis  in 
ihis  souN'enn-  liook  of  ;4i-nis,  show 
more  clearly  tht-  hi.^h  order  of  pholo- 
L;raphic  skill  made  manifest  in  every 
lesullanl  pirtnre,  tlian  this,  where  llie 
lionie  and  business  planl  ol  Mr.  C.  C. 
Murray  has  l)een  transferred  to  tliis 
paije  of  ICsSKX  Cou^■l^.  \.  J..  iM.is- 
TKATKU.  It  is  a  fact  thai  .goes  with- 
out the  sa\inL;.  that  the  photoLjraphed 
results  to  be  obtained  through  the 
argus  eve  of  the  relentless  and  close- 
peering  camera,  must  be  of  the  most 
perfect,  bolil  in  outline  anil  searchiiiL; 
in  character,  before  it  is  I'lt  for  the 
hand  of  the  artist  who  transfers  it  to 
the  plate,  so  that  no  (pieslion  as  to  ii^ 
merits  shall  e\  er  arise.  In  the  I'lrst 
pi. ice,  unless  its  ever\'  line  is  raised  in 
clearness  no  good  results  can  be  ob- 
t. lined  in  its  transferrence.  It  is  evideni, 
.IS  will  be  seen  at  a  glance,  and  .ill 
will  lie  sustained  .ifler  the  closest  .mil 
most  critical  sliiiK  of  the  result  as  seen 
in  the  picture  under  consideration,  of 
Mr.  Murray's  elegant  resideiici-  and 
undertaking  business  plant,  all  com- 
bined under  one  head,  as  s]iread  before  the  reader  on  this  page. 
Not  alone  have  the  artists,  one  and  .ill.  excelled  in  each  of 
their  individii.il  departments  or  lines  in  produeing  sui  h  ,in 
.ittracti\e  and  truthful  delineatue  picture,  bill  the\  h.ive  gi\en 
the  reader  a  chance  to  study  the  manner  of  man  Mr,  Murray  is. 
as  his  face  speaks  out  from  its  retiring  place  on  this  page.  Any 
one  who  has  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  Mr.  Muir.iv  and  tran- 
sacting business  with  him,  will  see  at  a  glance  th.it  the  pii  lure 
represents  him  .ulmirably,  and  gives  a  starting  point  to  that 
marvelous  success  which  has  marked  his  career  as  a  business 
man  and  gave  him  such  a  standing  among  the  funeral  directors 
of  Essex  Count\.     From   every  mark  seen  around   his  face  and 

head  s])eaks 
out  those  char- 
acteristics so 
necessary  to 
the  successful 
business  man, 
giving  proof  of 
his  possessing 
the  elements  of 
character  that 
li.ave  led  up  to 
the  h.ip|)v  re- 
sults which  we 
shall  endf.ivor 
to  so  depii  t  in 
the  few  words 
following,  that 
"  he  who  runs 
111  a  v  rea  d  ,' ' 
That  Mr.  Mur- 
r.i  V  had  no 
special  training 
for  the  work  in 
c.  c    .\u  Kn.w.  which    he    is 


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t'XilKK  1^  kINi;    W.AREROdMS    HI'    C.  C,   M  f  R  I-i  A  V.  CnR.   WAI^IRKN    AND    lllllSON    .SIRKK'IS. 


engaged,  is  known  to  everybody  who  h.is  the  pleasure  of  his 
actpiainlance,  and  there  are  a  great  many  of  them,  and  he  litis 
as  wide  a  friendship  and  as  close  an  association  with  those 
whom  he  loves  to  meet  and  their  society  enjoy  in  his  own  ])ecu- 
liar  way,  as  any  other  business  man  of  his  age.  Any  one  who  has 
the  least  smattering  of  phrenological  science,  or  has  tried  his 
li.ind  at  studying chanicler  from  the  facial  standpoint,  would  see 
.It  once,  as  they  scanned  his  wide-open  countenance  standing  out 
in  the  illustration  |ilain  and  clear,  that  his  predominating  char- 
ticteristics  are  benevolence  and  cautious  kindness  of  heart,  and 
])erseyerance,  the  latter  ever  ready  to  come  in  to  assist  in  over- 
roniing  difficulties,  wdiile  the  others  give  him  first,  a  hopeful 
s|iirit  and  a  sympathizing  nature,  and  second,  an  unselfish  but 
careful  way. 

Seventeen  years  ago,  in  the  year  i88o,  Mr.  Murray  began  busi- 
ness at  No.  14  Hunterdon  Street.  P'rom  thence,  in  i8iSi,he 
removed  to  No.  295  Warren  Street,  where  he  remained  until 
the  completion  of  the  elegant  new  building  which  he  had 
erected  on  the  plot  of  ground  at  the  corner  of  Warren  and 
Hudson  Streets,  into  which,  after  furnishing  it  modestly  and 
becomingly,  he  removed  in  1X92.  To  its  present  proportions 
has  the  undertaking  business  grown  in  Mr.  Murra\'s  hands 
fiom  very  modest  beginnings. 

In  looking  about  for  the  causes  which  are  to  be  held  respon- 
sible for  the  happy  results  which  have  followed  thick  .iiul  f.isi 
on  his  successful  lareer  in  the  undert. iking  business,  it  will 
c.isiK  be  seen  in  the  character  of  the  surroundings  of  eveiy- 
thiiig  in  his  neat  .ind  attractive  place,  which  has  little,  infleed. 
of  the  sombre  character  usually  attendant  upon  undertakers' 
concerns,  but  principally  in  the  honorable  character  of  the  man 
himself,  always  ready  at  call  to  serve  the  rich  and  poor  alike, 
with  a  ready  tact  a  |)Ieasing  way  and  soothing  manner,  he  ever 
.illracis  and  seldom  repels.  With  such  a  combination,  wdiich 
always  leads  uj)  to  integrity  in  business,  we  have  an  easy  solu- 
tion of  the  question  of  the  gratifying  success  which  it  is  always 
a  pleasure  to  record. 


ESSEX  COrXTY,  X.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


'j:i9 


V 


JOSHUA    BRIERLEY, 

"UKRE  is  an  old  saying  that  "a  lu-w  hrDum 
sweeps  clean."  The  asserlion  does  iku 
always  hold  good  unless  it  ])enclratcs  into  the 
Ljla<les  of  life  far  enough  to  ascertain  of  what  kind 
of  stuff  the  broom  is  made  up  with,  and  only  after 
frequent  trials  can  we  find  out  whether  or  not  its 
qualities  are  durable.  It  is  with  feehngs  of  this 
kind  that  we  take  under  consideration  the  gentle- 
man who  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Mr.  Joshua 
Hrierley,  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  coiu'teous 
funer.d  directors  of  fCssex  Coinitw  Mr.  I!rieii(\ 
was  boin  in  England,  coming  tii  this  coinitr\  ni 
1S8:!,  and  h.is  successfidh  conducted  the  under- 
taking business  in  this  city  and  its  suburbs  for  the 
past  fifteen  years,  during  which  time  he  has  won 
great  fa\or  from  the  public  bv  his  courteous  and 
sterling  business  qualities,  and  established  one  of 
the  finest  and  most  1  oiiiplete  undertaking  esl.d)- 
lishments  of  be  found  in  the  Cilv  of  Xcw.nkor 
Stale  of  New  Jersey. 

He  thoroughly  understands  his  profession.  ha\- 
ing  graduated  from  Clark's  .School  of  ICmbalming, 
and  is  a  practical  expert  in  this  partictdai- branch  of 
the  business.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  embalming  in  accord- 
ance with  the  latest  and  most  approved  scientific  methods,  and 
his  services  are  in  constant  demand  on  account  of  his  skdl  ,ind 
ability  in  satisfactorily  performing"  these  o])erations.  Mr. 
Brierlev's  office  and  warerooms  are  located  at  No.  374  ISroad 
street,  and  are  admirably  fitted  up  and  eciuipped  with  every- 
thing appertaining  to  a  first-class  funeral  furnishing  midertaking 
establishment.  He  is  prepared  to  take  full  charge  of  remains, 
procure  burial  plots  oi'  graves  in  any  cemetery,  fmnish  hearses 
and  coaches,  flowers,  etc.,  at  all  hours  of  the  day  or  night.  ,uid 
on  the  most  liberal  terms.  .All  details  receive  his  personal 
attention  and  everything  intiusteil  to  him  is  attended  to  with 
promptness.  His  dignified  and  sympathetic  bearing  in  bereaved 
lionies  have  modified  and  alleviated  the  sorrowful  situation 
.attendant  u])on  the  burial  of  their  dead. 

In    connection    with   liis   undertaking    btisiness.    Mr.    brierlev 
(imdutts   a   large   and   commot'iiuis   livery  and  bo.uiling  stable, 

oc.ited  corner 
High  and  Clay 
streets,  .\  large 
nundK-r  of  tine 
horses,  and  ,1 
gre.it  \ariety  of 
coaches,  car- 
riages, light 
wagons,  sleighs, 
etc.,  ,-ire  coii- 
siantK  nn  hand 
(cir  the  use  of 
I  lie  public,  oil 
tin-  most  reason- 
aide  terms.  .Safe 
and  comieoiis 
drivers  .lie  fur- 
nished wlien- 
i\er  desired. 
Some  of  ihe  tin- 
esl  lurniiuls  to 
1)0  srrii  nil  the 
slri'Cts  .md   .n  e- 


Joslll 


1 . 1 K i; (   I  o K . 


IDSHIA    liRll.RI  i;\   .S    SIAI-.I.KS,    CnK,    llli;ll    ANH    (.I.AV    SjRKKIS. 


nues  of  this  city  and  its  subtirbs  come  from  this  neatly- 
arranged  and  orderly  establishment.  The  illustrations  on  this 
page  represent  the  well-e(|uipped  and  commodious  liverv 
plant,  and  a  life-like  [ihoto  of  Mr.  Hrierley,  who  is  looked  upon 
as  one  of  the  most  successful  undertakers  and  li\ervnien  of  the 
city,  and  is  noted  .'is  one  of  the  most  scientific  emhalmers  in 
Esse.v  Couiilv.  His  reputation  has  steadily  grown  upon  tin- 
rules  of  professional  integrity  laid  down  when  commencing  his 
business  career  in  1882.  when  he  first  began  to  carve  his  way 
through  business  rivalry,  and  his  reward  lies  in  a  bright  p.ist 
record  and  hopeful  future. 

Mr.  lirierlev  is  highly  esteemed  by  .ill  wiih  wlioni  he  comes 
in  contact  in  business  or  social  rel.itions,  and  is  connected  with 
several  of  Newark's  well-known  societies,  being  an  active 
member  of  the  Golden  .Star  Fraternity,  the  K.  of  P..  and  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  one  of  those  large-hearted  men  who  asso- 
ciate with  their  fellows  more  on  account  of  the  benefits  whiidi 
thev  can  confer,  rather  than  those,  like  too  many,  whose  selfish- 
ness and  greed  send  them  flying  to  the  lodge-room  in  order  to 
secine  the  full  modicum  of  benefits  which  are  supposed  to 
accrue,  and  which  .ill.  too  often,  lind  tin-  way  into  unworth\- 
])ockels.  Here,  in  passing,  we  might  indite  the  fact  that  the 
nuniber  of  good  sam.iritans.  even  when  bound  by  the  mvstic 
tie.  are  all  too  few  when  the  clarion  call  of  i<  lief  for  the  sick, 
the  wounded  .and  distressed  of  their  fellows  is  souiuled.  We 
feel  entirely  safe  in  the  assertion  th.it  at  least  two  pass  bv  on 
the  other  side  while  one  stops  to  pour  oil  into  the  wounds 
which  gap  and  fester  before  the  greedy.  Much  of  the  iu-glei:t 
of  duty  may  grow  out  of  a  Lack  of  ihoughtfulness,  but  herein 
lies  a  bane  just  as  much  in  need  of  cure  as  the  great  primary 
wrong  of  utter  selfishness. 

There  is  no  better  place  to  give  e.vercise  to  the  virtues  learned 
in  the  lodge-room  th.iii  where  death  has  entered  the  familv  and 
broken  the  ties  which  bind  the  household.  "  Tis  here  that  such 
men  as  Joshua  Hrierley  h.ive  found  the  field  where  temperance, 
fortitude,  prudence  and  justice  can  li.ive  full  pl.iy  —the  \  iriues, 
when  combined,  bring  solace  to  the  .iltlicted  and  hope  to  the 
lierea\  ed.  and  help  to  dispel  the  shadows  which  conceal  for  ,i 
time  the  bright  sides  of  life.  The  life,  character,  prosperity  and 
business  standing  of   Mr.  Hrierley  is  highly  commended   by  all. 


240 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /,  JLLVSTRATED. 


OLD    FASHIONED    BREWERY. 

THE  "Old  Fashioned  Brewery,"  as  it  is  appropi  i- 
ately  called  by  all  who  have  visited  it,  is 
located  at  the  southeast  corner  of  South  <  )range 
and  Morris  .Avennes.  Newark.  N.  J.  The  present 
])roprietors  have  entirely  renovated  the  plant  and 
have  introduced  the  latest  improved  machinery  for 
brewing  ant!  bottling  purposes.  The  saloon,  park 
and  halls  are  the  only  place  of  their  kind  in  the  i"il\ . 
Everybody  who  has  seen  the  place  pronounces  it  a 
g.irden  spot,  and  those  who  have  visited  German\. 
liken  it  to  a  miniature  of  the  famous  Krolls  Garden, 
at  lierlin.  The  beautiful  Hower  beds,  fountain, 
iiiarble  top  tables,  latest  iniprowd  garden  chairs, 
handsomely  dec  orated  pavilions,  shady  trees,  with 
electric  fans  tmderneath.  make  it  a  cool  and  pleasant 
place  to  spend  a  social  hour,  for  families  as  well 
as  clubs  or  societies,  where  lunches  fit  for  epicures, 
,ind  the  now  famous  Old  l',Lshii)ned  ,iiid  Mucn- 
chener  ISeers  c.ui  be  had. 

A  visit  to  this  pkice  creati'S  a  desire  to  call  again^ 
The  halls  are  engaged  by  some  of  the  leading  Sing- 
ing Societies,  Orchestras,  Clubs  and  litiilding  and 
Loan  Associations,  who  make  this  well-kept  and 
orderly  place  their  headc|uarters.  It  can  be  reached 
in  live  minutes  from  the  corner  of  liroad  ar.d  Market  Streets, 
\i.i  .South  I  )range  .Avenue  electric  cars,  which  ])ass  the  door 
every  three  minutes. 

The  bottling  establishment  at  the  brewerv,  beiiig  the  only 
place  where  the  Old  Fashioned  and  Muenchciirr  iJeers  are 
bottled,  is  inider  the  personal  supervision  of  the  ])roprietors, 
gre.U  c.ire  being  t.d;en  ;is  to  cleanliness  and  proper  liandling. 
We  feel  proud  to  say  that  thev  have  manv  piiMiiinint  pli\sici;ms 
as  regular  customers,  not  only  in  this  cit\  but  through  the 
Oranges  and  Kli/.abeth.  The  fnin  were  compelled  to  establish 
agencies  to  supph  the  dein.ind  in  those  vicinities.  They 
will  furnish  their  celebr.ued  Old  Fashioned,  at  Si.oo  per  case, 
and  Miienchener  (dark)  at  Si -25  per  case.  Deliveretl  free  of 
charge  to  any  part  of  Newark.  Klizabelh  or  the  Oranges. 
Orders  by  telephone.  No.  1070,  will  receive  their  personal  and 
promiil  atlriilion. 


SEBAS  ri.\N    lilKKENII.\CEK. 


they  could  enjov 
re.il  Old  Fashioned  kiger.  So  im- 
piessetl  have  some  people  become 
with  the  necessit)'  of  adulteration, 
in  order  to  make  money  rapidly,  we 
regret  to  say  that  efforts  ha\e  been 
m.ide  to  p.dni  oil  spurious  .irlic  les 
for  the  genuine  br.nid.  but  so  l.n  as 
w  c  h.ive  been  able  to  learn  all  such 
ha\e  failed  ilisastrously.  and  our 
(^lil  Fashioned  stands  triumphant 
in  its  line  of  purlt\.  snue  th.it 
science  which  is  ref|Lnred  to  pro- 
cme  such  results  as  nuist  accrue 
in  the  piiKluction  ol  the  genuine 
.11  tide  ,ue.  as  .1  rule,  not  found  in 
the  possessi(.>n  of  such  .is  resort  to 
baud  to  overre.icli  .i  ri\  al. 

The  illustrations  di-ipl.i\  ed  on  this 
l)age  represent  the  well-equipped 
plant,  whcie  the  ( )l(l  F.ishioned 
Lager  lieer  is  brewed,  and  the  life- 
like photos  of  the  enterprising  men 
who  conduct  it. 


ASHIiiNED    BREWKI^tV,   CORNKI^;    SUUTH    (IRANGI-,   ANMi 
MOl^lRIS     AVENt'ES. 


We  especialK  call  the  attention  of  the  public  to  their  celebiated 
Miienchener  lieer.  'I  he  purit\'  of  this  beer  thev  guarantee,  its 
age  at  six  months,  and  that  .is  a  table  drink  it  is  of  the  highest 
possible  concentration,  and  at  the  same  time  the  lowest  pos- 
sible degree  of  alcohol.  It  is  a  so-called  malt  extract  which 
will  help  convalescents  and  weakened  persons  to  renewed  vigor 
Taken  as  ;i  t.ible  drink  it  will  sharpen  the  appetite  and  (|uicken 
digestion,  and  as  .1  beverage  for  tiie  festive  circle,  it  is  of  a 
delightfiill)  exhilarating  effect.  The  best  Bohemian  ho])S  and 
specially  prepared  malt  is  used,  making  it  pure  and  healthful 
to  use. 

It  is  a  pleasure,  indeiil.  to  place  upon  recoril  the  fact  tliat 
men  who  are  good  judges  of  beer  and  who  understand  the  rich 
qualities  of  the  Old  Fashioned  lager  beer,  as  produced  by  these 
thoroughly  competent  brewers,  have  often  gone  miles  out  of 
their  way  on  a  hot  suninier  evening,  to  reach  the  place  where 
a  draught   of  the 


^-• 

\ 

^  %^ 

1 

4 

1., 

:-^ 

CHARLES    HAL1MA.\N. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


241 


JOSEPH   HARBURGER 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  gei\tlein;in 
well  and  favorably  known  to  the  citizens 
of  every  section  of  the  city.  Mr.  Joseph  Har- 
burger,  the  courteous  and  able  manager  of 
Harburger's  Hall,  an  illustration  of  which  is 
presented  on  this  page,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
.Mainz,  German,  in  1S54.  He  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  land  and  was.  in  early 
life,  trained  in  the  culture  of  grapes  and  the 
])roduction  of  wine,  which  was  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal industrial  occupations  cit  the  people  of  his 
native  country.  Coming  to  America  in  1871, 
he  entered  the  employ  of  D.  Dreyfus  &  Co.. 
wine  merchants,  of  New  York  City,  and  con- 
tinued with  the  firm  for  a  period  of  seven  years, 
when  he  entered  into  business  on  his  own 
account,  opening  what  is  known  as  the  Jerse\ 
House,  on  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York  City, 
which  he  successfully  carried  on  for  ten  years. 
During  the  past  seven  years  Mr.  Harburger 
has  conducted  the  well-known  place  of  amuse- 
ment located  at  Nos.  80  and  82  Hamburg  Place, 
and  deserves  credit  for  the  able  and  courteous 
treatment  rendered  to  the  patrons  of  this  popu- 
lar resort,  upon  all  occasions.  Harburger's  Hall  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  amusement  places  situated  in  the  Iron  Bound 
District,  and  is  largelv  patronized  by  the  numerous  religious, 
patriotic,  educational,  industrial,  fraternal,  musical,  social, 
benevolent  and  political  associations  that  flourish  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  city.  Attached  to  the  hall  is  a  large  and  well-kept 
garden  capable  of  accommodating  over  five  hundred  people. 
The  grounds  are  neatly  laid  out  with  shade  trees,  shrubbery, 
liowers.  etc.,  planted  in  profusion.  The  hall  is  heated  through- 
out bv  steam  and  lighted  well,  and  has  every  convenience 
tending  to  accommodate  the  public.  The  genial  proprietor 
is  courtesy  itself.  He  embodies  in  one  man.  traits  that  are 
rarely  found  together;  common  sense  and  sterling  business 
tact,  and  united  with  these,  the  hightest  order  of  ])ersonal 
accomplishments.  He  is  one  of  the  finest  caterers  in  the  city, 
and  is  widely  noted  in  this  line. 


h.ari;lR(;ek'.s  h.m.i.,  hn  iiamkurc  pi, .ace. 


ADOLPH    POORTMAN. 


POORI'M.'^N'S    IIAI.I.,    I'EKRV   ANU    PROSPECT   .SIRF.EIS. 


IN  the  illustrations  presented  on  this  page  will  be  found  a 
view  which  takes  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Ferry  and 
Prospect  Streets,  shovving  Poortman's  Hail,  which  is  much  used 
by  many  well-known  organizations  for  a  meeting  place.  The 
building  is  of  brick,  and  is  a  substantial  structure,  lately  erected, 
in  a  style  of  architecture  very  attractive  for  that  section  of 
the  city.  The  proprietor  of  the  hall.  Mr.  Adolph  Poorlnian, 
was  born  in  Zevenaar,  Holland.  November,  1845,  receiving  his 
early  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  village,  and  by  trade 
is  an  engraver,  having  followed  the  occupation  for  many  years. 
Coming  to  this  country  in  1880,  he  found  employment  at  his 
trade,  and  after  a  few  years  he  started  in  business  for  himself  on 
Elm  Street,  in  the  Tenth  Ward,  where  he  kept  a  hall  known  as 
Democratic  Headquarters,  and  removed  from  there  to  his 
present  elegant  location.  In  catering  to  tlic  refined  and  delicate 
palates  of  the  section  of  the  city  where  he  is 
located,  he  has  built  up  and  established  a 
flourishing  business.  Mr.  Poortman  is  one  of 
the  representative  men  of  this  calling.  He 
carries  continuously  a  general  line  of  high-class 
wines  and  liquors,  some  of  the  better  qualities 
of  his  stock  being  fit  articles  with  which  to  grace 
the  table  of  a  cultured  epicure.  He  is  an  ex|)ert 
and  seldom  goes  astray  when  called  upon  for 
a  decision  as  to  the  qualities  of  wines.  His 
numerous  patrons  are  enthusiastic  in  support  of 
this  fact,  and  place  implicit  faith  in  his  judg- 
ment in  this  respect. 

Mr.  Poortman,  a  photo  of  whom  is  shown  on 
ihe  following  page,  is  experienced  in  catering, 
and  is  noted  for  the  orderly  manner  in  which 
he  conducts  the  business  which  he  represents. 
He  is  public  spirited  and  generous,  and  has  ever 
been  identified  with  the  ])rogress  of  ihe  district 
in  which  he  resides.  Mr.  Poortman  is  a  mem- 
ber of  all  nearly  the  associations  that  abound  in 
the  eastern  section  of  the  city.  His  establishment 
has  a  wide  patronage  wliich  has  been  drawn 
there  through  the  customers'  respect  for  him. 


">4-2 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


Insl-.l'II    IlAKIa'KOi:K. 


JOHN    GREGORY. 
DETFXTIVE. 

Tin;  siibjccl  of  ihi-s  skclcli 
w^is  born  at  New  Bruns- 
wick. N.  J.,  in  1845.  When  the 
hite  war  l)roke  out  he  joined 
the  2Sth  N.  I.  \'olunteers.  for 
nint-  nicr.lhs.  reniainini;  until 
tile  expiration  of  his  time,  fie 
ihcn  enlisteil  in  the  V.  S.  Navy, 
.ind  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  then  learned  tlie 
trade  of  mason  and  builder 
u  hi(  h  he  followed  fcjr  nine  years, 
when  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment as  Assistant  Street  Com- 
missioner, serving'  two  years. 
He  w:is  next  appointed  as  super- 
intendent of  the  N.  ^".  Cilobe 
Gas  Light  Co..  of  New  IJruns- 
wick,  N.  J.  He  was  next 
appointed  as  a  night  sergeant  of 
the  pohce  force,  and  from  there 
was   tendered  a  position  as  de- 


P 


AliOI.I'U    l'(jOKTMAN. 


te(ti\e  (jf  the  I'ennsj  Ivani.i  Kailroatl  CiDiip.my,  serving  them 
ten  years.  While  with  the  company  he  made  several  very  im- 
portant arrests,  one  of  which  was  for  emlje/.zling  §12,000  of  the 
company's  money,  the  greater  part  of  wdiich  he  succeeded  in 
getting  back.  He  resigned  from  the  company's  employ  in  1889, 
with  letters  of  high  commendation.  He  then  started  in  busi- 
ness for  himself,  opening  a  branch  oflice  in  this  city  of  the 
N.  J.  .State  Detective  Agencv.  having  an  ollice  at  iSS  Market 
Street.  He  w,is  chief  of  the  N.  J.  State  Detective  Agency  for 
three  consecutive  years,  and  is  now  general  manager  of  a 
brancli  office  in  this  city. 

His  association  is  the  oid\  legally  incoipcjrated  detective 
agency  in  the  State  of  New  Jei'sey.  ft  was  organized  December 
23,  1S70,  and  chartered  April  4.  1S71.  The  original  organizers 
were  Jacol)  Wambold,  at  present  a  lieutennant  of  the  police 
department  of  tliecity  :  I'xhvarcl  Mc  William,  e.v-chief  of  ]>olice  ; 
Micliael  Killouley.  John  i\f.  Monas,  Chas.  \V.  Mahon,  William 
()'I5rien    and    Cornelius  C.  Martindale.     This  organization   has 


amongst  its  mendjers  some  of  the  cleverest  and  sharpest 
detectives  in  the  U.  S.  Mr.  Gregory,  a  ])hoto  of  whom  appears 
on  this  page,  has  been  a  member  of  the  association  for  several 
years.  He  was  not  long  located  in  Newark  when  the  great 
strike  of  the  Clark's  Thread  Co.,  in  1891,  took  place,  and  which 
he  brought  to  a  peaceful  issue.  In  the  fall  of  1893,  the  great 
strike  on  the  llehigh  \'alley  Railroad  took  place,  which  was 
placed  in  his  har.ds  .and  which  he  handled  and  saved  the  com- 
pany thousands  of  doll.irs,  which  was  highly  ap])reciated  by  the 
company.  He  also  does  work  for  the  large  tire  insurance  com- 
panys  of  N.  Y.  and  N.  J.  At  present  he  has  a  large  force  of 
skilled  detectives  and  is  doing  a  large  business  in  private  woik. 
Mr.  Gregory  owns  his  home  at  78  .Murray  Street. 


WM.   F.  VAN    HOUTEN. 

WM.  F.  \'an  Houtcn.a  pholiMjf  whom  appe.ns 
was  born    in    the  city  of    New'   York,  1830 


tins  page, 
ity  ot    New'    York,  1H39,  coming    to 
Newark  with  his  parents  in   1844,  where  he  has  since  made  his 


JOHN    i;Ki;GOkV. 


home.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  until  he  was  ten  years 
old  and  then  went  to  sea  as 
cabin  boy  with  his  father  on  a 
coasting  vessel,  continuing  his 
studies  wdieii  not  engaged  at 
his  duties,  and  going  to  school 
in  the  winter  months.  When 
he  was  fifteen  years  old,  his 
father  died,  and  he  then  went  to 
sea  with  strangers.  lie  entered 
the  navv  in  1S55  as  tu'st-class 
apprentice  boy  and  served  three 
years  and  one-half  on  the  U.  S. 
ship  San  Jacinto  in  the  East 
India  and  China  .Se.is  nntler 
Conmiodore  .Armstrong,  who 
completed  Perry's  treaty  with 
Japan.  He  assisted  to  erect  the 
first  flagstaff  and  hoist  the  first 
American  flag  that  ever  waved 
on  shore,  in  the  town  of  .Sam- 
i.ida,   where    they    left    Consid- 


0^k 

2^1 

BH 

ll 

\  JHHIiMliP^^ 

r 

W  11,1,1AM    1'.    \  ,\N   niiu  lEN. 


T-:SSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  TLLT'STNATED. 


24.-^ 


JOHN    A.    UODRIGO. 


arrived  at  Harrison's  Landing.  From  lliere  In-  was  sent  lionie. 
When  again  able  for  duty  he  entered  the  navy,  and  was  dis- 
cliarged  in  1S65,  and  was  employed  in  the  Brooklyn  Navy 
Yard.  He  then  became  master  of  several  coasting  vessels  until 
lS6y,  when  he  left  the  water  and  went  on  the  Newark  Police 
force  until  1S80,  when  he  resigned  and  entered  the  service  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  as  detective,  where  he  is  still  em- 
ployed. Mr.  Van  Houten  is  a  past  com- 
mander of  Phil.  Kearny  Post,  No.  i.  In 
October,  1895.  he  organized,  in  this  city, 
the  Admiral  Boggs  Association  of  naval 
veterans,  and  was  elected  its  Captain  and 
he  is  still  its  commanding  officer.  He  con- 
nected himself  with  the  New  Jersey 
Detective  Association  in  1882,  and  has 
continued  an  active  member  ever  since, 
having  served  two  terms  as  its  Captain. 


(".eneral  Townsend  Harris  as 

the  representative  of  Amer- 
ica.    He  was  also  one  of  the 

suite  of  the  Commodore's  in 

Pan      Kok,    the     capital    of 

.Siam.  when  the  United  States 

obtained    one   of  their  most 

important   treaties  with  that 

government,   and    was    also 

engaged     in    the     battle    of 

Harriers  Forts,  near  Canton. 

in  1856. 

( )n  his  arrival  in  New  York 

he    was    discharged,    and 

again  entered   the  merchant 

service.      On     the    breaking 

out    of    the     Rebellion     he 

entered  the  army  in  Kearny's 

Brigade,  and  was  with  it  in 

all  the    battles  on  the    Pen- 
insular under  McClellan.  but 

was  compelled  by  sunstroke 

and    sickness,  to   go   to   the 

hos]iital  after  the  army  had 

change   in   adminislralion   in    1S92 
New'  Jersey  Detective  Agency 


ANTON    .STEINKS. 


JOHN    A.    RODRIGO. 

A  STRIKING  and  natural  photo  of  a 
well-known  citizen  is  presented  on 
this  page,  Mr.  John  A.  Rodrigo,  wdio 
lirst  beheld  the  light  of  day  in  this  city,  in 
August,  1838,  and  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools.  By  trade  he  is  a  carriage 
trimmer,  having  served  his  apprenticeship 
with  the  well-known  firm  of  M.  C.  and 
J.  H.  Green  &  Co.,  who  at  that  time  were 
located  on  N.  J.  R.  R.  Avenue.  In  1S61 
he  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Regiment.  New 
Jersey  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  after 
serving  two  and  one-half  years,  was  pro- 
moted to  the  medical  staff  of  the  United 
States  Army,  serving  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  war  for  the  Union.  Since 
that  time  his  pursuits  in  life  have  been 
various.  As  a  private  citizen  he  was 
called  to  preside  as  police  justice,  under 
the  Republican  rule  in  1888,  and  served 
with    distinction    until    removed    by   the    RESIDENCE  OF  w.  j.  KEARXS,  ON  eh;hth  ST. 


I  Ic  is  connecicd  with  the 
hich  has  ils  head<|uarters  in 
Jersey  City,  and  is  also  the  treasurer  and  manager  of  the 
Merchants'  Protective  Association   of  this  citw 

Mr.  Rodrigo  is  closely  identified  with  the  Grand  Army  of  tlie 

Republic,  being  a  charter  member  of   I'hii.  Kearnv  Post,  No.  I, 

of  this  department,  who  celebrated  their  thirtieth  anniversary 

on  October  26,  1896,  and  he  is  connected 

with  many  other  patriotic,  fraternal,  indus- 

tri.d.  soci.d  and  polilic.-il  associations. 


N' 


A.   STEINES. 

IKWARK  is  no  doubt  one  of  the 
greatest  consumers  of  coal  among 
the  cities  of  the  American  Union,  and  a 
well-known  dealer  in  the  black  diamond 
trade  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Mr.  A. 
Steines,  a  photo  of  whom  is  presented  on 
this  page.  He  was  born  in  Germany, 
October  29,  r83r,  and  came  to  America 
in  June,  1852.  He  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Newark,  and  is  by  trade  a 
moulder,  having  served  an  apprenticeship 
with  a  well-known  firm  in  this  city. 

Mr.  Steins  commenced  business  on  his 
own  aciount  in  1875,  starting  a  brass 
foundry  which  he  successfully  conducted 
for  fourteen  years,  and  during  the  past 
eight  years  has  been  identified  with  the 
coal  trade.  His  office  and  yards  are 
located  at  706  Market,  at  the  junction  of 
Ferry  Street,  and  all  coal  delivered  by 
this  enterprising  citizen  is  well  screened 
and  guaranteed,  to  consumers,  to  be  in 
every  respect  the  highest  standard  of 
excellence.  Mr.  Steines  also  deals  in  new 
and  second-hand  machinery  of  ever 
description,  and  has  earned  by  his  thrift 
and  enterprise  an  enviablit  name  in  all  his 
l)usiness  transactions. 


•Ml 


ESSEX  COr\XTY,  N.  J.,  ILLrSTRATED. 


IM  i  i 


HILL'S    UNION    BREWERY 
CO.,   LIMITED, 

ON  Spriiii^fifUl  Avenue,  (Hie 
cif  till-  i;ri-at  liusiness 
tli()riiUL;hl'.iies  i)f  the  Cily  of 
Ni-w.uk.  but  a  few  blocks  from 
ils  junction  with  Pulmont  A\e- 
iiue.  stands  the  plant  of  one  of 
the  leading  and  popular  brewing 
institutions  of  the  City  of  New- 
ark and  County  of  Essex,  New 
Jerse)',  viz:  'I'lie  Hill's  I'nion 
lirewer)-  Co..  Limited.  It  is 
oue  of  tlie  oldest  plants  in  the 
Count),  having  passed  through 
various  hands  and  has  e.xprr- 
ience<l  many  \icissitudes.  but  is 
now  on  the  top  wave  of  pros- 
perity and  popularity. 

The  Company  now  (i induct- 
ing the  brewery  purchased  it  in 
the  year  18S9.  of  William  Hill, 
and  has  continued  to  conduct 
the  business  at  the  old  stand. 
Nos.  333-345  -Springtield  ave- 
nue ever  since.  The  Company 
has  made  many  alterations  and 
has  built  an  entirely  new  and 
elegant  storehouse,  and  has 
gathered  as  fine  a  lager  beer 
brewing  parapharnalia  as  is  to 

be  found  in  any  brewing  establishment  in  the  .State.  It  is  a 
startling  fact  to  make  known,  but  nevertheless  the  truth  lying 
therein  must  be  told.  Under  the  present  management  the 
brewery  has  nearly  doubled  its  output,  and  now  has  a  capacity 
of  one  hundred  thousand  barrels  a  year.  I'nder  the  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  Arthur  de  Grouchy,  the  astute  and  business-like 
head  of  the  concern,  the  sales  of  lager  beer  have  increased  one 
half,  showing  pretty  conclusively  that  in  the  conser\ative  anrl 
hard-headed  business  man  is  where  the  credit  lies.  In  the  short 
time  that  Mr.  Arthur  de  Grouchy  lias  handled  the  reins  and 
directed  the  course  of  its  business  affairs,  he  has  demonstrated 
the  facts  that  he  has  the  tact  to  increase  trade  and  the  ability 
to  hold  it.  The  corps  of  wide-awake,  always-ready  and 
business-like  assistants  which  he  has  been  marvelouslv  fortun- 
ate in  calling  around  him,  has  done  not  a  little  in  helping  him 
to  push  fill  ward  the  affairs  of  the  great  concern  and  to  lighten 
his  own  burthen.  He  has  made  a  host  of  business  friends, 
and  numbers  among  those  whom  he  meets  socially,  many  who 
sl.and  high  in  the  community,  and  whom  almost  any  might  be 
honored  by  the  touch  of  their  palm.  Mr.  Arthur  de  Grouchy 
h.as  a  wide-open  heart  and  is  ever  read\  to  take  a  deep  and 
lively  interest  in  all  ])ublic  affairs,  and  the  poor  and  needy 
never  go  empty  handed  away  from  his  door,  if  in  his  power  to 
relieve  their  wants. 

Now  we  come  to  the  man  who  gives  to  the  beer  which  has 
so  popularized  the  concern,  that  peculiar  Hash  and  flavor  which 
is  delightful  to  those  w^ho  watch  and  wait  to  taste  and  choose 
the  brand  of  that  brewer's  make,  which  cheers,  but  dees  not 
inebriate,  Mr.  I'ius  Reiser,  the  brew-master.  'I'hat  Mr.  Reiser 
carries  with  him  the  open  sesame  which  unlocks  the  deep 
secret  which  lies  concealed  in  the  "  beauty  take  "  of  the  brew- 
ing science,  few  will  deny,  when  they  have  tarried  long,  rising 
early  and  retiring  late  in  order  to  secure  the  "  crowning  take," 


1^  ■  n  f  i^,ss~a 


1 


PL.^NT    OF     IHE    HILLS    LMON     likEWERV    CO.,    sl'kl  NOI- 1  ELD    .WEXt   E. 


as  drawn  from  the  wood  wherein  is  housed  the  lager  of  his 
make.  liy  hard  work,  close  study  and  with  the  utmost  care. 
Mr.  Reiser  has  succeeded  in  putting  forth  a  brand  of  beer  which 
has  popularizeil  itself  and  been  named  the  A-I  .American. 
Mr.  Reiser  is  justly  proud  of  his  success,  and  his  friends,  and 
he  has  lots  of  them,  feel  that,  without  a  doubt,  his  A-i  Amer- 
ican brand  is  the  foremost  American  beer  on  the  market.  Mr. 
Reiser  is  of  a  retiring  disjiosition,  and  it  is  only  when  he  has 
pleased  his  employers  and  the  public  tli.it  he  has  pleased 
himself. 

Here  comes  in  the  fact  that  without  rasp  or  jar  the  wonder- 
ful truth  that  the  A-i  American  lager  beer  is  found  in  many  a 
gentleman's  cellar  in  New  ^'ork  City  where  the  strong  and  in- 
toxicating liquors  once  held  the  front  but  are  now  driven  out, 
but  not  without  leaving  the  rich  consolation  to  hearts  no  longer 
made  sad,  since  tem])tation  no  longer  lingers  but  has  taken  its 
departure,  giving  place  to  the  mild  German  beverage  which, 
while  cheering  the  dispirited,  gives  tone  to  the  digestive  organs 
and  stimulates  to  renewed  health. 

The  brewery  itself  is  a  land-mark,  the  old  building  in  which 
the  business  offices  are  now  situated  being  erected  in  1876.  ()ld 
L'nion  Park,  which  was  laid  out  where  the  new  storage 
house  now  stands,  was  the  place  where  many  of  Newark's 
German-.'^merican  citizens  congregated  in  the  days  gone  by, 
talked  over  the  scenes  where  their  homes  were  built  aw.ay 
over  the  sea,  sang  the  songs  of  the  fatherland,  and  unwittinglv, 
perhaps,  inade  history  for  Newark  by  reason  of  the  gathering 
of  politicians  who  on  occasions  assembled  there.  Could  some 
of  those  who  have  gone  to  their  final  reward  return  to  take  a 
survey  of  the  grounds  where  they  tended  their  gardens,  they 
could  easily  exclaim,  "  \\"e  built  better  than  we  knew."  The 
consumption  of  their  beer  is  daily  increasing  and  it  will  soon  be 
beyond  the  power  of  the  present  |)lant  to  sujiph'  the  demand. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  TLTJ'STRATf-n. 


21: 


THE    AMERICAN    BUILDING     LOAN     AND    SAVINGS 
ASSOCIATION^   OF   NEW  JERSEY. 

Tl  li  lUGH'l'FL'L  men,  and  women  too,  fninkly  ailmit  that 
the  Iniikling  loan  and  savings  associations  established 
throughout  the  United  States  are  doing  more  to  educate  and 
encourage  the  people  to  become  provident  and  tlirifty  than  any 
institution  in  the  country.  Every  one  appreciates  tlie  fact  that 
the  monthly  accumulation  of  small  sums  from  many  sources- 
and  the  investment  of  the  funds  thus  obtained  in  good  real 
estate  mortgages  at  fair  rates  of  interest,  with  the  risk  improved 
each  month,  not  only  by  the  natural  ap])reciation  of  values,  but 
by  the  steady  reduction  of  the  principal  of  the  loan  by  the 
montlily  ])ayments  of  the  mortagee,  together  with  the  mutual 
division  of  the  profits  between  the  borrower  and  the  lender,  as 
their  interests  appear,  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  surest  as  well 
as  most  profitable  means  of  reaching  an  end  desired  by  most 
men,  viz.,  the  ownership  of  a  home  and  the  providing  for  a 
competency   in    old    age.     The   American    Building  Loan  and 


paid  shares  issued  at  $ioo,  witlidrawable  at  any  time,  worth  six 
per  cent,  per  annum,  interest  jiayable  semi-annually.  These 
shares  are  intended  for  those  who  wish  to  make  a  short  lenii 
investment  and  are  without  an  e<|ual  when  safety  is  considered. 
On  i)ayment  of  $50  per  share,  a  dividend  of  eight  per  cent,  per 
annum  will  be  paid  semi-annually  in  lieu  of  other  profits  in 
of  excess  fixed  dividends. 

Another  feature  which  commends  itself,  and  not  be  found  in 
many  other  similar  organizations,  is  its  suspension  clau.se  which 
provides  that  if  a  meniber  is  unable  to  pay  dues  at  any  time 
through  sickness,  loss  of  work,  or  other  unfavorable  conditions, 
he  can  obtain  a  suspension  certificate  for  a  reasonable  period, 
allowing  him  to  resume  payinents  after  his  circumstances  im- 
prove, without  sustaining  loss  of  dividends,  and  no  dues  or  fines 
are  charged  pending  resumption  of  payments. 

To  sum  up.  the  whole  plan  of  the  American  is  one  of  eipiily 
and  justice,  and  we  recommend  its  shares  to  those  tiesiring  ;i 
safe  depository  for  their  surplus  earnings  as  an  investment 
without  an  equal.     The  management   is  in  good  hands.     Mr. 


Ri:SILlENCKS    ON    HELLER    PARKWAY.    FOREST    HILL. 


Sa\ings  Association,  of  New  Jersey,  with  home  office  at  673 
and  675  Broad  Street,  Newark,  is  making  rapid  strides  to  the 
front,  and  not  only  in  this  city,  but  local  branches  have  been 
and  are  being  established  throughout  the  State  in  all  the  prin- 
cipal towns.  They  are  in  a  flourishing  condition  and  report 
steady  progress. 

The  American  was  organized  as  a  national  association  in 
.\ugust,  1S95,  and  commenced  business  in  the  latter  part  of 
September,  since  which  time  it  has  realized  the  promoter's 
fondest  expectation.  Of  course,  the  primary  object  of  the 
association  is  to  enable  every  man  who  buys  its  shares  to  be- 
come his  own  landlord,  and  what  grander  purpose  could  any 
institution  have  than  this?  John  Howard  I'ayne  immortalized 
himself  by  writing  those  beautiful  lines,  "  Home  Sweet  Home," 
and  yet  he  died  an  exile.  But  thanks  to  such  institutions  as 
this,  no  man  inclined  to  be  provident  need  ever  be  an  exile,  for 
its  whole  aim  and  plan  is  to  preach  economy  to  the  improvident 
and  help  them  to  better  things. 

The  American  issues  tw-o  kinds  of  investment  shares— pre- 
paid at  S50.  to  mature  at  $100   in   ninety-six   months,  and  fully 


E.  J.  Murphy,  a  real  estate  man  of  many  years'  experience,  is 
the  President;  W.  H.  Rowe,  Vice-President ;  S.  W.  Chapman, 
Secretary,  and  Arthur  Hinde,  Manager  of  Agencies,  also  the 
organizer  of  this  association  and  other  similar  institutions  in  the 
Old  Country.  The  Board  of  Directors  is  composed  of  Messrs. 
Harvey  C.  Pearce  and  John  Kowe.  of  Arlington,  Hon.  C.  H. 
Baake,  of  Atlantic  City,  and  Hon.  Kred.  Schuehardt,  of  Egg 
Harbor  City.  Mr.  Frank  C.  Wilcox,  w  ho  was  for  a  number  of 
years  connected  with  the  government  of  this  cily  as  assistant 
attorney,  is  counsel  for  the  company.  The  mission  of  the 
American  Building  Loan  and  Savings  .Association,  of  New 
Jersey,  is  a  laudable  one  and  well  worthy  of  public  patronage, 
and  all  its  operations  are  open  to  the  fullest  investigation. 

It  has  been  a  settled  fact  for  years  that  the  public  institutions 
known  as  building  and  loan  associations  have  come  among  us 
and  to  use  an  old  and  hackneyed  expression,  "  have  come  to 
stay."  No  institution  which  was  new  and  untried  was  ever 
received  by  the  working  and  middle  classes,  who  are  ever 
watchful  and  chary,  with  more  im|)licit  faith  it  its  inale  good- 
ness than  the  building  and  loan  societies. 


'IC, 


ESSEX  COrXTY.  N.  J..  TLTJ'STKATED. 


Till".  ele;4ant  resilience  whieli  our  artist  has  sn 
iieatlv  broughtout  on  this  iiagewasconslriicted 
and  is  now  occupied  by  the  veteran  steam  boiler 
manufacturer,  Lewis  J.  Lyons.  For  iuan\  years 
Mr.  Lvons  has  conducted  the  business  of  steam 
lioiler  making  in  Newark  and  is  now  enjoying  tlie 
well-earned  competency  which  his  close  attention 
to  business,  his  ui>right  character  and  well-known 
mechanical  abilities  have  brought  him.  Tin-  exten- 
sive factory  buddings  wherein  the  business  is  con- 
ducted are  situated  on  Commerce  Street  and 
Passaic  Avenue. 


JOHN   G.    KEARSING    MANUFG   CO. 

THE    city  of   Newark,  New  Jersey,  has  always 
been  noted  in  the  harness  and  saikllery  hard- 
ware trade,  not  only  in  this  country  InU  throughout 
the  whole  world,  wherever  the  horse  and  carriage 
is  used  by  the  people.     The  company  forming  the 
subject   of   this    inc|uiry   have   been    establislied  in 
business,  in  this  city,  since  the  year   1879.  and  its 
career,  from   the  hour   of   its  inception,   has    been 
signalized   chielly    by  steady    and   sure  |M  ogress  in 
the  direction  of  merchantile  prosperity.     The  plant 
is  located  at  88-98  Monroe  Street,  and   is  well  e(|uip|)ed   with 
machinery    of     every    description,    operated    by     experienced 
workmen,  who  are  constantly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
martingale    rings,  poker  checks,  buttons,  rosettes  and  numer- 
ous other  varieties  for  use  in  the  harness  and  saddlery  trade. 

The  goods  are  made  from  carefully  selected  materials  and 
are  unexcelled  for  their  quality,  finished  appearance  and  dura- 
bility. The  business  of  the  house  is  conducted  throughout 
tlie  whole  country,  and  a  large  share  of  the  firm's  trade  is 
devoted  to  the  export  business.  Mr.  Kearsing  and  son. 
photos  of  whom  are  herewith  presented,  are  practical  mechanics 
who  have  considerable  experience  and  possess  an  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  trade  which  they  so  ably  and  successfully 
conduct.  A  large  and  complete  assortment  of  the  pioducts 
are  kept  constantly  in  stock,  and  the  reputation  which  the  goods 
of  the  company  have  throughout  the  country  is  of  the  hightest 
character.     Mr.  Kearsing  was    born    in    New    ^"ork    City. 


RESlliENl   K    III'    1..    J.    r.VOXS,    Ml.    I'RnSi'El    1'    AVENUE. 


A' 


E.    B.   WOODRUFF. 

MONCi  the  undertakers  of  the  city  of  Newark  few  have 
risen  to  a  more  deservetl  prominence  than  Enoch  B. 
Woodruff,  wiiose  offices  and  ware-rooms  are  at  846  Broad 
Street.  Here  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night  he  is  found 
readv  to  respond  to  the  call  of  those  who  are  so  unfortunate  as 
to  need  the  services  of  an  undertaker.  An  experienced  female 
is  always  in  attenda.nce.  For  convenience  of  location  the 
establishment  has  few  equals  and  no  superiors.  Enoch  B. 
Woodruff  is  one  of  the  oldest  undertakers  in  Newark,  and  is  a 
worthy  representati\  e  of  the  calling  and  a  citizen  of  high  stand- 
ing.    His  photo,  on  page  236,  is  truly  life-like  and  natural. 


JAMES  A.   MC  CARTHY. 


JOHN    G,    KliAKSI.Xf:. 


THE  subject  of  this  brief  sketch  was  born  and  educated  in 
the  Fifth  Ward  of  this  city,  and  is  a  practical  sanitarv 
plumber  by  trade,  having  served 
an  apprenticeship  with  the  late 
Walter  1'.  Dunn,  after  which  he 
commenced  business  for  himself, 
and  by  his  thrift  and  attention  to 
the  wants  of  customers,  has  suc- 
ceeded in  establishing  one  of  the 
best  equipped  plumbing  plants  to 
be  found  in  the  Ironbound  District 
of  Newark.  A  photo  of  the  gentle- 
m.in  under  consideration  will  be 
found  on  page  140  of  this  illustrated 
souvenir,  and  though  one  of  the 
youngest  men  in  the  business  he 
has  executed  several  important  con- 
tracts for  the  city  and  county 
government,  as  well  as  for  private 
individuals.  He  is  well-known  in 
the  Fifth  Ward,  which  he  repre- 
sents in  the  Common  Council.  He 
is  one  of  the  pioneers  who  founded 
— ^      Ihe  Newark  Rowing  Club,  and  is  a 

member  of  many  organizations.  william   u.  kearsing. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


247 


FREEBORN   G.   SMITH, 

WE  have  only  to  run  back  over  the  history  of  inusic  and 
musical  instrunients.  in  Essex  County,  but  little  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  time,  to  find  the  record  of  how 
and  when  the  now  celebrated  Bradbury  piano  began  its  marvel- 
ously  successful  career,  an  instrument  which  in  all  probability 
has  achieved  a  greater  popularity  than  any  other  which  has  been 
put  on  the  market,  during  any  period  of  time  since  music  was 
made  to  spring  from  pearly  lips  through  ^Eolian  harp  and 
sound-board  combination  in  harmonic  time.  The  Bradbury 
was  named  in  honor  of  the  late  song  writer  and  sweet  singer, 
William  B.  Bradbury,  of  Montclair,  who  first  manufactured  the 
piano  which  now  beats  his  name. 

The  health  of  Mr.  Bradbury  failing  and  his  phvsician  and 
friends  advising  him  to  discontinue  the  business,  he  sold  out  to 
Mr.  Freeborn  G.  Smith,  his  superintendent,  who  has  since  con- 
ducted the  business,  his  manufacluring  establishment,  deposi- 
tories, stores  and  salesrooms  keeping  pace  with  the  "  lirad- 
bury's  "  growth  and  popularity,  and  the  increasing  demand  for 
this  be.iutiful  instrument  among  people  of  culture.     At  present 


MITH 


ra,-.?"'-" 


fl.AXl.)    WARKROOMS    (IK    FKEKCCiRN"    (;.    .S.MITH,    CORNER    t:R().\l)    .\  N  U    WEST    l'.\RK    STK1.E1.S 


the  Stores  where  the  "  Bradbury"  is  sold  direct  from  ihc  factory, 
number  twenty-seven.  Among  these  are  the  stores  in  New 
York,  Brooklyn,  Philadelphia,  Jersey  City,  Saratoga  Springs, 
Washington,  Chicago.  Kansas  City,  Newark,  etc.,  Brooklyn 
alone  having  five  handsome  warerooms  and  three  large  manufac- 
tories. Tor  the  past  few  vears  Mr.  Freeborn  G.  -Smith, 
Jr.,  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm,  he  taking  to  the  business  as 
naturally  as  a  duck  to  the  water,  his  f.ilher  reposing  great  confi- 
dence in  his  business  ability. 

Mr.  Smith,  being  a  capital  judge  of  human  nature,  has  been 
able  to  keep  al)()Ut  him  such  praiseworthy  assistants  and  sales- 
men, that  his  great  business  has  been  run  with  veiy  little 
fricticju.  The  "Bradbury"  is  represented  in  Essex  County  by 
Mr.  I'.  R.  Feehan,  a  gentleman  who  thoroughly  understands 
the  piano  trade,  and  has  presided  over  the  business  with  a 
dignity  and  care  which  made  it  a  success  from  the  beginning. 


The  following  editorial  notice  which  .iiipeared  in  the  Ni:wa)k 
Item  about  the  time  the  Bradbury  piano  concern  moved  into  the 
present  Newark  quarters,  corner  of  Broad  and  West  Park  Streets, 
voices  a  tribute  richly  deserved. 

"  As  we  were  passing  up  Broad  Street  a  day  or  two  since,  our 
attention  was  called  to  the  elegant  new  quarters  wherein  is  housed 
part  of  the  piano  interests  of  F.  G.  Smith,  where  the  music-lov- 
ing public  will  fmd  the  sweet-toned  instruments  which  continue 
to  speak  the  name  and  musical  fame  of  the  lamented  Bradbury  in 
the  same  notes  of  gladsome  harmony  which  leaped  from  the  ivorv 
keys  under  liis  skillful  touch  and  from  his  almost  inspired  lips. 

"  Curiosity  bade  us  call  in  the  familiar  old  store  building  at 
the  southwest  corner  of  Broad  and  West  Park  Streets,  Nos. 
679  and  68 1  of  the  former,  yet  so  elegantly  altered  and  attired 
w\as  it  that  nothing  short  of  a  formal  introduction  from  the 
polite  and  business-like  manager,  Mr.  F.  R.  Feehan.  would 
satisfy  us  that  it  was  the  very  same  but  metamorphosed  place 
known  to  us  of  yore,  liehind  the  great  plate-glass  windows, 
reposed  on  carpets  of  \elvet,  the  very  prettiest  and  costliest  of 
pianos  and  the  richest  in  lone  of  the  Bradbury  make,  while  all 

along  down  the  sides  of  the  ex- 
tensive exhibition  and  salesroom 
were  ranged  instruments  which 
for  style,  price  and  richness  of 
tone  could  not  help  satisfying 
the  most  fastidious  buyer.  As 
ue  drew-  forth  the  richness  of 
tone  by  touching  the  keys  as  we 
passed,  our  wonder  grew  at  the 
modest  sum  which  we  learned 
they  could  be  bought  for  as  we 
asked  the  price,  uid  still  the 
wonder  grew,  why  so  many 
households,  otherwise  artistic- 
ally finished  and  furnished,  are 
yet  without  a  "  Bradbury."  and 
this,  too,  when  everybody  knows 
how  elevating,  refining  and  edu- 
cating piano  music  is.  Just 
here  may  as  well  be  interpolated 
:i  fact  worth  knowing,  viz.:  That 
iiistrmnents  can  be  bought  di- 
lect  from  the  manufacturer  at 
I  he  very  lowest  possible  prices 
and  on  the  easiest  terms  imagin- 
able, (he  profit  which  ordinarilv 
linds  its  way  into  the  middle- 
man's pocket  reni.iining  with 
the  purchasers  of  these  beautiful 
pianos. 
"On  ascending  the  easy  llight  of  stairs  leading  to  the  second 
door,  we  were  amazed  to  find  that  the  story  "had  but  half 
been  told,'  for  here  was  another  extensive  exhibit  and  sales 
room,  carpeted  with  rich  .\xminstei",  moquet  or  Brussels,  w'here 
the  buyer  can  move  from  the  rosewood  or  cherry,  or  from  the 
exquisite  upright  (siq>erior)  grand  concert,  new  upright  or  the 
familiar  old  square,  and  from  either  of  which  the  tones  w'ill 
give  out  their  sweetness  for  the  satisfaction,  delectation  and  with 
unalloyed  pleasure,  without  disturbing  sensitive  or  musical 
ears.  And  this  reminds  us  that  it  might  be  well  in  this  comiec- 
tion  to  say  how  easy  an  instrument  the  piano  is  to  learn  to  play, 
it  requiring  but  little  study,  while  persistency  in  practice  wins  the 
day.  Our  readers  may  call  as  they  pass  that  way,  purchase 
an  instrument  aiul  om-  voucher  for  it,  if  you  try  you  will  soon 
learn  to  plav.  Then,  O,  ecstatic  satisfaction,  even  though  life's 
journey  is  far  beyoiul  the  month  of  May.    We  know  .  having  tried. 


\ 


24S 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


t-^--*-^,  1, « 


S-^    "5*^ 


C'AI,    AN'li    WLiiJli    \AKLi    ''1.     >,     r  I;  I  \I  M  I- I  ■    ,\    Ci  i  .    i:i.)l<NI,R    NKW    j  KKM- \"    KAll,Kil\[)    A  \' ICX IM'.    ANh    lAl    \NI    I   IK 


S.  TRIMMER  &  CO. 

ONli  i)f  the  iiiosl  liiiiKjrt.ml  of  tlic-  coninn-rcial  iiileresls 
Newark  are  tlmse  cunnpclcd  with  supplyiiif;  the  needs 
(it  this  city  anit  its  suburbs  with  all  kinds  of  fuel.  Among  the 
enterprises  of  this  character,  a  particularly  noleworlhy  one  is 
that  of  S.  Triinnier  &  Co..  wlio  are  wholesale  and  retail  dealers 
in  tile  best  qualities  of  Lehigh  and  free-burning  coal,  hickory, 
oak  and  pine  kindling  wood,  charcoal,  etc.,  ha\ing  their  ofiue 
at  New  Jersey  Railroad  A\enue  and  Lafayettr  .Street.  'I'he 
business  was  establislied  about  twenty  years  ago  by  Mr. 
.Samuel  Trimmer,  who  was  at  that  time  a  large  dealer  in  wood 
e.\clusivel\',  and  in  Januaiy,  1894.  the  |iresent  firm  style  was 
adopted.  Previous  10  this  time  Mr.  Trimmer  had  added  the 
coal  business  to  that  of  tlie  wood  industiy.  Mr.  Trimmer 
was  th.e  ])ioneer  in  introducing  to  the  dealers  in  Newark  the 
very  jiopulai-  kilii-ilned  bundle  kindling  wood,  and  in  fact  the 
firm  continue  to  make  the  wood  br.mch  of  their  business  a 
prominent  feature.  They  transact  a  larger  business  in  this  line 
til. Ill  aiiv  other  firm  in  the  city,  and  make  a  specialty  of  hand- 
ling wood  bv   the  load,  cord  or   in   1  ar-load  lots.     Their  leading 


specialty  in  coal  is  their  noted  Lehigh  No.  2  nut  coal,  to  which 
they  pay  particular  attention,  and  the  enormous  quantity  of  this 
si/e  that  they  h.indle  speaks  for  the  quality  and  popularity  of 
this  coal. 

Their  yard  at  New  Jersey  Railro.ad  Avenue  and  Lafayette 
.Street  is  175  b\'  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  contains  large 
sheds  for  storing  coal,  charcoal  and  wood,  and  a  fully  equipped 
electric  power  kindling  wood  ])lant  for  sawing  and  splitting 
the  wood  into  any  desired  length  and  size.  15esides  the  very 
large  C|uaiitiiy  of  coal  1  anied  at  their  yard,  they  also  have  a 
large  storage  ca|)acity  at  the  Lehigh  Valley  Coal  Co.'s  pockets, 
and  are  therefore  able  to  supply  every  demand  for  the  best  grades 
of  hard  and  free-burning  coal  for  household  use,  steam  coal 
for  manufacturing.  ,ind  liitumiiious  coal  for  blacksmithing  and 
forging,  .and  c  haicoal  especially  adapted  for  jewelers'  and 
plumbers'  use.  The  business  conducted  by  this  firm  is  \  ery 
extensive,  for  beside  the  almost  countless  number  of  private 
families  that  they  supply,  they  count  among  their  customers  a 
large  number  of  the  representative  manufacturing  houses  of  the 
city.      In  addition  to  this  thev  do  a  \ery  large  car-load  business, 


S.\MUl-;i,    TKIM.MI-.U. 


supplying  many  plants  through- 
out the  northern  part  of  New  Jersey. 

The  firm  is  coraposed  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Trimmer  and  Mr.  Ernest 
C.  Strempel.  Mr.  Trimmer  is  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  a  survivor 
of  the  war  for  the  L'nion.  and  now 
resides  in  New  York,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  the  same  line  of  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Lrnevt  C.  Stnnipel  is  a 
n.-itive  and  life-long  resident  of  this 
I  il\ ,  and  previous  to  his  becoming  a 
member  of  the  firm,  w'as  for  .1 
number  of  years  manager  ol  tin 
Newark  business,  and  under  his 
direction  and  management  the  busi- 
ness has  assumed  its  present  large 
proportions,  as  well  as  its  unqucs- 
lioiK'd  reputation  among  the  fore- 
most concerns  in  this  line. 

The  illustrations  present  ,111  r.K- 
celleiit  view  of  the  plant,  on  P.  R.R. 
Avenue  and  L.ifa\etle  Street  and 
of  the  proprietors. 


KKNEST   C.    STRl'.iMl'EL. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


249 


JOSEPH   LOGEL. 

IT  would  be  difficult  to  select  out  of  the  whole  miscellany  of 
Newark's  domestic  industries,  one  which  has  had  a  more 
important  bearing  upon  the  commercial  affairs  of  the  city  than 
the  trade  in  general  family  groceries.  This  important  and 
necessary  business  stands  foremost  in  line  with  the  many  com- 
mercial enterprises  that  have  contributed  to  the  steady  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  city.  In  reviewing  the  many  able  and 
honorable  names  identified  with  this  particular  industry,  we 
take  pleasure  in  mentioning  that  of  iVIr.  Joseph  Logel,  a  faith- 
ful picture  of  whom  appears  in  the  illustrations  shown  on  this 
page.  The  business  is  located  on  Springfield  avenue,  corner 
Fifteenth  street,  and  is  one  of  the  neatest  and  best  equipped 
grocery  plants  in  that  section  of  the  city. 

Stocked  with  a  large  and  well-selected  line  of  general  family 
groceries  and  provisions,  including  new  crop  teas,  coffees, 
spices,  dried  foreign  and  domestic  fruits,  hermetically  sealed 
goods  of  every  description— in  fact,  everything  in  the  line  of 
food  supplies  known  to  the  trade,  all  of  which  are  received 
from  first  hands,  from  the  best  and  largest  markets  in  the 
country,  enabling  the  enterprising  proprietor  to  supply  the 
customers  at  the  lowest,  rock-bottom  prices.  In  connection 
wiih  the  grocery  business,  a  well-regulated  meat  market  is  a 
prominent  feature  of  the  house,  which  is  very  convenient  for 
the  people  residing  in  the  neighborhood.  Polite  assistants  are 
in  attendance,  and  free  deliveries  are  made  to  customers  in  all 
parts  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs.  Mr.  Logel  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  city. 
He  has  been  identified  with  the  industries  of  Newaik  for 
nearly  thirty  years. 


H.   E.   SCHWARZ. 

THERE  are  many  of  our  citizens  who  pursue  the  occupation 
of  real  estate  and  insurance  brokers  and  who  have  earned 
a  well -merited  reputation  for  the  conscientious  and  efficient 
manner  in  which  they  handle  all  interests  intrusted  in  their 
hands.  Prominent  among  the  number  is  Mr.  H.  E.  Schwarz, 
whose  office  is  now  at  836  Broad  street,  but  was  formerly  located 
at  210  Market  street.  He  established  the  business  of  real 
estate  and   insurance  in    1S73,  at   Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  and  in  1875 


SrOKliOF  JO.SKPH  LOCJEL,  Si'Kl.NCI  I  Kl.l)  A\K.,COR.  I-l  KIKK.N'JH  ST. 

removetl  it  to  Newark  Mr.  Schwarz  has  a  wide  range  of  prac- 
tical experience  and  a  large  and  inlluenlial  acquaintance  in 
business  circles.  As  a  real  estate  broker  he  has  ]iaid  special 
attention  to  large  tracts  of  lands  for  building  purpo.ses  and 
farms,  ard  upon  his  books  are  full  descriptions  of  the  most 
eligible  bargains  available  in  tracts  of  land  to  be  laid  out  in 
building  lots  as  well  as  farms,  in  every  part  of  the  State  of  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  etc.  Mr.  Schwarz,  an  excellent 
[ihoto  of  whom  is  presented  on  this  page,  is  a  veteran  of  the 
late  war,  having  been  an  officer  in  one  of  the  Pennsylvania 
regiments  of  infantry,  and  is  a  member  of  James  A.  Garfield 
Post,  No.  4,  G.  A.  R. 


MILES  F.  QUINN. 


THE  striking  photo  of  Miles  F.  Quinn,  presented  on  page  88 
of  this  illustrated  souvenir,  will  be  readily  recognized  by 
his  many  frientls  and  admirers,  and  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  go 


•  > 


JUbbrii    LtJuLL. 


into  details  concerning  him 
or  his  business  qualifications. 
He  conducts  a  general  real 
estate  and  insurance  business 
at  No.  16  Mulberry  street, 
on  the  very  location  where 
he  first  beheld  the  light  of 
day,  and  devotes  his  personal 
attention  to  the  buying,  sell- 
ing and  exchanging  of  prop- 
erty, writing  lines  of  insur- 
ance in  the  most  reliable 
companies,  procuring  loans 
on  bonds  and  mortgages, 
collecting  rents  and  caring 
for  estates.  Mr.  Quinn  is 
also  a  commissioner  of  deeds 
as  well  as  a  notary  public  for 
New  Jersey  and  several  other 
states,  and  possesses  a  mas- 
terly knowledge  of  the.se 
duties.  His  ability  and 
courtesy  have  won  for  him  the 
respect  of  his  many  clients. 


*W  ^sn 


H.    E.    iCUWAKZ. 


'>/;/) 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


E££L£££E£iEi£LE 


'':<., 


1  H  ■  r  H  a  i^  r  r  i  ■  r  r  \ 


i?:'i;Ffli£rFfteit£>E 


i^.i*^^  m  %  ,i. 


llfb  •-■,!  r  r  a  ^  r  r  r'l 


^usiaMSiS: 


J.    S.    MUNOV'S    HOISTING    ENGINE   WORKS   ON    PROSl'ECT^STREET, 


JOSEPH    S.    MUNDY, 

WHILE  the  firniamcnt  which  o'erhangs  the  city  of  Nevvarl< 
is  bespangled  witli  stars,  emlilematical  of  the  greatness, 
the  grandeur,  the  sl<ill,  the  genius,  the  influence  of  men,  who 
have  made  their  marl;  in  one  of  the  several  particular  lines 
which  either  may  have  followed,  few  have  made  their  own  parti- 
cular orb  shine  the  brightei  by  the  persistent  effort  and  the 
zealousness  with  which  they  have  followed  it  up  when  once  they 
got  it  started,  than  has  Joseph  S.  Mundy. 

It  is  not  particularly  necessary,  for  the  searchers  after  signs 
which  mark  the  places  all  over  the  city  where  success  has  been 
wrought,  to  dwell  long  on  the  ]ilot  of  ground  on  Prospect 
street,    to    find    where    the    creat    buildings    are    erected    in 


which  are  manufactured  the  output  of  Joseph  S.  Mundy's  genius, 
the  Mundv  Friction  Drum  Hoisting  t2ngine,  now  in  use  all  over 
the  world.  Joseph  S.  Mundy  was  brought  up  in  the  country, 
worked  on  the  farm  in  the  summer  and  went  to  school  in  the 
winter.  In  1866  he  came  to  Newark  and  apprenticed  himself 
to  an  engineering  firni.  In  1871  he  began  sketching  the  plans 
for  his  famous  Friction  Drum  Hoisting  Engine.  Since  1S70  he 
has  been  sole  owner  of  the  business. 


DE  JONGE  &  STEIGER. 

THE  photographs  of  the  gentlemen  represented  on  this  page 
are  those  of  Messrs.  De  Jonge  &  Steiger,  architects,  doing 
business  at  No.   224  and    226   Market   street.     Air.  Maurice  De 


MAURICE  1)1-;  JONC.K,  ARCHITKCT, 


Jonge  studied  at  the  office  of 
Staehlin  &  Steiger,  after  which  he 
graduated  from  the  Architectural 
department  of  Cooper  Institute, 
New  York  City,  in  1890.  He  re- 
mained with  the  firm  imtil  1S93. 
xvhen  he  started  in  business  for 
himself.  Mr.  Fred  J.  Steiger  is  the 
son  of  the  late  John  F.  Steiger,  of 
the  turn  of  .Siaehhn  &  Sleiger, 
uniler  whose  personal  stipervision 
he  engaged  in  the  architectinal 
profession,  and  has  acquired  an 
experience  beyond  his  years.  Many 
handsome  and  costly  residences 
and  commercial  buildingshavebeen 
erected  m  this  city  and  nearby 
\icinity  under  their  super\ision. 
among  them  being  the  residence  of 
and  stables  of  Edwin  Kirch,  Esc|., 
the  residences  of  Sidney  S.  Smith. 
John  F.  Murphy  and  Frank  Opdyke. 
also  Jacoby  Hall   on    Broad  street. 


l-NKO  J.  sriilOKK,   AK(  HriECI', 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


251 


HOOPER  &  CO. 

ARCHITECTURE  has  nourished  since  away 
back  in  the  ages  when  mankind  first  quit  his 
nomadic  life  where  the  tent  was  his  home,  and 
began  the  building  of  dwelHng  places  of  wood  and 
stone.  Just  how  much  of  this  science  was  dis- 
playe<l  in  the  lines  of  the  Tower  of  Babel  and  the 
great  temples  scattered  through  the  eastern  world, 
we  have  little  means  of  divining.  But  from  the 
time  Solomon  reigned  in  Jerusalem  it  is  clearh' 
shown  by  bible  history  that  this  beautiful  science 
of  architecture  flourished  and  has  left  its  footprints 
on  every  page  of  history.  It  is  hardly  possible  thai 
from  the  genius  alone  of  Hiram,  from  whose  trac- 
ing board  sprang  the  beautiful  ideal  of  David,  tin- 
Temple  of  Solomon,  which  shone  in  its  richness 
like  a  galaxy  of  stars  in  the  firmanent  at  night,  came 
with  the  inspiration  of  the  moment,  but  rather  from 
the  result  of  his  deep  study  of  the  thoughts  and  laliors 
of  other  scientific  men  antl  the  garnering  by  this 
brilliant  student  of  what  they  had  accomplishe  I 
in  ihe  ages  gone  by  and  H.ished  on  the  world  from 
the  beautiful  lines  of  the  temple  as  they  came  in 
full  combinations  from  his  tracing  board.  So  clear, 
so  concise,  and  with  such  marvelous  perfection  thev 
came  from  his  pencil,  that  no  sound  of  hammer, 
saw  or  any  other  metal  tool  was  necessary  to  be 
heard  in  its  erection,  every  huge  stone  and  cedar 
stick  being  prepared  in  the  quarries  and  on  the  hill 
sides  from  this  great  architect's  working  plans. 
Contemporaneous  history  gives  examples  in  multitude  of  the 
growth  of  this  beautiful  science  which  has  left  its  marks  in  the 
ruins  of  Balbec,  the  Pyramids,  and  ruins  all  along  the  great 
river  Nile  and  where  dash  the  cruel  waves  of  the  heartless 
Mediteranian.  And  so  as  time  moves  on  to  the  hours  when  we 
reach  this  grand  science  in  its  perfection,  as  demonstrated  in 
the  work  of  the  pencils  of  the  famed  Michael  Angelo  and 
Raphael  and  their  contemporaries,  when  the  beauty  of  poetry 
and  the  marvels  of  architecture  rose  and  fell  like  the  waves  of 
the  storm  disturbed  ocean. 

Enough  of  the  past.     It  is  not  of  the  men  under  whose  genius 
the  science  of  architecture  grew  and  prospered  with  which  we 


WHK.4'rONS    lillLUING. 


GEOKGIC    B.    HuuPlik. 


have  to  do  in  our  ESSEX  CouNTV,  N.  J.,  1 1. lustra  ted.  nor  is 
it  of  the  men  who  wrought  to  bring  out  the  fine  lines  of  London's 
St.  Paul  or  New  York's  old  landmark.  Trinity,  the  men  of  our 
era  who  have  been  and  arc  to-day  engaged  in  the  work  of 
dotting  the  world  over  not  alone  with  such  mighty  examples  of 
their  wonderful  ca[)abililies  as  are  seen  in  the  Washington  and 
Grant  monuments,  the  Capitol  building,  where  the  representa- 
tives of  the  nation,  the  defenders  of  liberty  assemble  each  year, 
the  great  building,  which  leaped  from  their  plans  and  flew  over 
thousands  of  miles  of  oiu'  doni.iin  lo  where  towered  all  along 
marvels  of  their  exploits,  to  the  banks  of  Lake  Michigan  and 
Jackson   Park,  to  become  the   mightiest  exhibits  of   the  great 

Centennial  fair,  each  startling  the 

world   with    their    grandeur,  their 

beauty  and  strength,  and  all  carried 

;iway  in  wonder  at  the  mighty  pro- 

|iortions  of  the  one  Manufacturers 

Huilding,    covering    32    acres     of 

ground  and  mounting  heavenw-ard 

nearly  five  hundred  feet,  not  to  say  a 

single  word  forthe  Ferris  wheel,  the 

engineering  feat  of  the  ages.  Among 

these  men,  architects   of    Newark 

<  ity,  it  is  our  pleasure   to   speak  in 

this  souvenir  work   of    Hooper  & 

i"o.,Irvin  G.and  George  B., who  have 

their  studios  in  the  Credit  System's 

Huilding,  corner  Washington  and 

Market   streets,   w-here    they     are 

f  a  r  n  i  n  g     fame    for    themselves 

and     adding     to     the     mighty 

treasures  of  architectural  art  and 

.1  doming    their     profession,    in 

modesty  of  assuinption  of  thedegree 

of  their  skill  and  advancement.  ikvin  g.  hooper. 


232 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


PHILIP  J.   BOWERS  &.  CO. 

THE  city  of  Newark  looks  to  her  young  men  for  the  steady 
rise  and  progress  of  her  industrial  interests,  and  she  per- 
haps could  not  find  two  more  energetic  or  competent  men  in 
whose  hands  she  might  trust  a  share  of  the  work  than  Messrs. 
Philip  J.  Bowers  and  Walter  H.  Gray,  general  real  estate  and 
insurance  brokers,  of  189-191  Market  street.  A  view  of  their 
elegant  place  of  business  and  life-like  photos  of  the  firm,  is 
herewith  presented  in  the  illustrations.  The  business  waN 
founded  by  Mr.  Philip  J.  Bowers,  who  is  a  Newarker  by  birth 
and  education,  and  who  recently  associated  with  himself  Mr. 
Walter  H.  Gi-ay,  who  was  born  and  educated  in  lioston,  Mass., 
and  having  considerable  experience  in  the  profession,  makinj.; 
the  present  firm,  known  under  the  style  of  Philip  J.  Bowers  & 
Co.  During  their  short  time  in  real  estate  transactions  they 
have  earned  a  reputation  for  being  two  of  the  most  active  youn.L; 
men  in  their  line  ;  although,  prior  to  their  present  venture,  both 
of  the  partners  had  spent  long  terms  with  other  houses,  where 
they  thoroughly  mastered  every  detail  of  the  intricate  business. 
No  greater  recommendation  could  be  given  them  than  the  record 
of  the  fact  that  just  previous  to  the  presidential  election  in  1896, 
when  the  banks  and  financial  institutions  of  the  city  were  un- 
wiilin'T  to  advance  loans  on  almost  any  terms,  this  young  firm 
were  able  to  place  a  loan  of  $43,500,  a  transaction  at  that  time 
noticed  by  the  daily  press  as  a  deal  out  of  all  ordinary  considera- 
tions. This  firm  conduct  a  general  real  estate  and  insurance 
brokerage,  buying,  selling  and  exchanging  every  description  of 
property,  placing  loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  handling  m- 
vestment  securities  and  writing  lines  on  insurance  in  the  most 
reliable  companies  at  the  lowest  premium  rates.  The  firm  have 
on  their  books  constantly  a  list  of  bargains  in  factory  buildings, 
elegant  residences,  stores,  city  lots,  and  well  regulated  and 
improved  farms.  Philip  J.  Bowers  &  Co.  make  a  specialty  of 
procuring  loans,  in  which  they  have  had  a  phenomenal  success 
and  it  is  said  that  they  have  been  successful  in  placing  more 
money  on  bond  and  mortgage  in  a  certain  period,  than  any 
other  three  firms  doing  business  in  the  city,  a  remarkable  show- 
ing for  the  youngest  house  in  Newark.  The  firm  transacts 
business  through  competent  agencies  in  every  section  of  the 
State,  and  Mr.  Bowers  is  identified  with  the  real  estate  depart- 
ments of  one  of  the  largest  savings  and  loan  associations  in  New 
Jersey,  which  gives  this  firm  another  advantage  in  this  connec- 


PHILII>   J.    I'.OWEKS   &    CO.,    NO.    189-I9I    MARKET    SI  KEEl'. 


^^ 


I'HIMI'  J.   HOWF.liS. 


.jm 


tion.  All  this  activity  in  no  way  interferes  with  these  energetic 
and  wide-awake  young  brokers  from  giving  personal  attention 
to  all  the  details  of  their  insurance  department,  which  would  be 
considered  by  itself  a  large  and  successful  business  for  any  firm 
so  recently  established.  In  this  department  they  areably  assisted 
by  our  well  known  fellow-townsman,  Mr.  E.  A.  Johnson,  who 
has  been  connected  for  many  years  with  several  well  known 
and  reliable  insmance  companies,  having  a  thorough  knowledge 
with  all  the  details  and  methods  of  fire  and  accident  risks.  The 
firm  represents  only  the  leading  and  most  reliable  companies  in 
these  lines  and  the  countersign  of  Philip  J.  Bowers  &  Co.  on  a 
policy  is  a  guarantee  that  it  is  correctly  drawn  and  that  the 
terms  of  the  contract  will  be  carried  out.  The  secret  of  their 
success  in  all  the  branches  of  this  business  is  due  to  the  energy, 
activity  and  precision  in  all  particulars  and  the  most  thorough 
care  given  to  all  transactions  committed  to  their  care,  whether 
the  amount  involved  is  a  few  dollars  or  runs  into  hundreds  of 
thousands.  From  their  present  beginning  it  is  easy  to  predict 
for  their  future  a  foremost  position  among 
the  real  estate  firms  of  Newark,  founded 
upon  strict  attention  to  businesss,  un- 
tkagging  energy  and  unvarying  integrity. 
To  the  efforts  and  business  transactions 
of  men  like  Messrs.  Bowers  &  Co.,  the 
city  is  indebted  to  a  great  extent  for  its 
■^leady  growili  and  advancement  as  an 
industrial  centre,  and  with  their  ideas 
imbued  by  others  it  would  be  soon  possi- 
lile  to  realize  a  greater  Newark,  embrac- 
ing all  the  territory  east  and  west  of  the 
]iiesent  city  limits  from  and  includiiii; 
lersey  City,  on  the  east,  to  and  including 
I  lie  second  range  of  the  Orange  Mountains 
on  the  west  and  stopping  only  at 
noith  and  south  with  the  cities  of  Eliza- 
beth and  Paterson.  Such  a  district  care- 
fully filled  up  with  a  variety  of  manufac- 
turing industries,  and  useful  and  attractive 
homes,  would  become  distinguished  as 
the  most  advanced  and  |:irosperous  indus- 
trial centre  in  the  United  States.  vvai.if.h  11.  okav. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


253 


OWEN    M'CABE. 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch,  whose 
excellent  photo  appears  below, 
is  a  well  known  citizen,  whose  career 
in  the  struggles  of  life  is  worthy  of 
record  on  the  pages  of  this  illustrated 
souvenir.  He  was  born  in  Ireland  in 
1S36,  and  came  to  this  country  in  his 
early  teens,  receiving  a  limited  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  this  city,  after 
which  he  was  apprenticed  to  Mr.  L.  J. 
Lyons,  with  whom  he  learned  the 
trade  of  steam  boiler  making.  In  1864 
he  associated  with  Mr.  Samuel  Lyons, 
a  son  of  his  former  employer,  and 
together  they  purchased  the  plant  and 
conducted  the  business  under  the  firm 
name  of  Samuel  \V.  Lyons  &  Co.. 
until  the  death  of  Mr,  Samuel  W. 
Lyons,  which  occurred  in  1866.  when 
the  present  well  known  firm  of  L.  J. 
Lyons  &  Co.  was  organized,  and  has 
been  successfully  continued  ever  since 
that  time.  The  plant  of  this  firm  is 
located  on  Commerce  street,  and 
occupies  all  the  ground  running 
through  to  Passaic  avenue,  and  is 
admirably  equipped  with  all  the  neces- 
sary  machinery,  and    appliances    for 

conducting  the  trade.  It  is  a  fact  that  the  firm  have  made  a 
great  deal  of  noise  in  the  conduct  of  their  business,  but  this  has 
been  done  without  bluster  or  show.  A  large  corps  of 
experienced  mechanics  and  skilled  workmen  are  constantly  em- 
ployed in  manufacturing  steam  boilers  of  all  grades  and  sizes, 
also  in  constructing  revolving  barrels,  iron  tanks,  dryers,  etc. 
The  boilers  of  this  firm  are  located  in  the  churches,  schools, 
institutions,  factories  and  homes  of  the  people  all  over  the 
Union,  and  have  a  reputation  for  safety  and  durability  as  exten- 
sive as  the  land  they  live  in.  This  is  another  demonstration  of 
what  pluck,  determination  and  honesty  can  accomplish  in  the 
struggles  of  life,  combined  with  attention  to  business.  Mr. 
McCabe  is,  strictly  speaking,  a  self-made  man,  having  raised 
himself  steadily  to  his  present  position  by  close  attention  to  busi- 

Edwards   was 


NEWARK    ELECTROTYPE    FOUNDRY. 

ness.  He  is  well  known  in  the  industrial  circles  of  this  city  and 
is  honored  for  his  integrity  to  business  principles.  He  is  a 
director  and  treasurer  of  St.  James'  Hospital,  located  in  the 
eastern  section  of  Newark,  N.  J. 


F.  C.   EDWARDS. 


IN  the  illustrations  presented  on  this  page  will  be  found  an 
excellent  and  life-like  portrait  of  Mr.  F.  C.  Edwards,  the 
well  known  broker  and  negotiator  of  loans,  located  in  rooms 
6-7,  at  No.  191  .Market  street.  He  first  saw  the  light  of  the 
world  in  May.  1853,  and  has  always  resided  in  Newark,  having 
attended  the  public  grammar  and  high  schools,  graduating  from 
the  old  Bryant,  Stratton  and  Whitney  Business  College.  Vr. 
connected    with   the   old 


OWEN    M  C.ABE. 


firms  of  C.  Walsh  &  Son  and  Weiner  & 
Co.,  as  bookkeeper.  He  made  an  early 
start  in  business  on  his  own  account,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one,  having  founded 
the  Fhtt-nix  Lock  Works,  which  is  still  in 
existence  on  Halsey  street.  After  ten 
years  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
above  concern  and  took  up  his  present 
business.  He  is  also  the  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  .'Vmerican  Wall  Paper 
and  Paint  Company,  doing  business  at 
255  Market  street,  which  was  incorporated 
in  1895.  They  are  the  general  agents  for 
the  Corey-Heller  Company  for  this  sec- 
tic  ^n  pf  the  State.  Mr.  Edwards  is  well 
known  in  business  circles  as  one  of  the 
most  successful  negoliaters  of  stocks  and 
bonds  in  this  city.  He  is  connected  with 
several  of  Newark's  industries  and  during 
his  business  career  has  aided  many  who 
were  financially  embarrassed. 


F.    C.    F,L)W,Mil>S 


:^54 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 

NEWARK   COACH  LAMP   MANUFACTURING   CO, 


T 


CH. \RLKS    WAl. 


HE  city  of  Nfwark  is  ju!,tly  noted  (or  the  many  anil  various  | 
kind  of  industrial  pursuits  conducted  in  lier  corporate 
limits, and  few  cities  in  the  United  Slates  arc  better  known  princi- 
pally through  the  superiority  of  the  manufactured  products,  fn 
lis  connection  we  take  pleasure  in  nienlioning  an  enterprise 
ijt  is  highly  commendable,  and  whose  career  is  worthy  of 
iiilalion,  in  thtsc  times  of  rivalry  and  sharp  competition  tliL- 
Ntwaik  Coach  Lamp  Manufacturing  Co..  whose  plant  is  shown 
,n  tlie  illustrations,  with  life-like  photos  of  the  men  who  com- 
I  ose  the  firm.  The  industry  was  commenced  in  a  small  wa\ 
.  n  Arlington  street,  in  July  1891,  and  during  the  past  six  years 
has  been  successfully  conducted  by  the  original  founders,  Messrs. 
Hattel.  Schmidt.  Eberhardt  and  Walter,  each  of  whom  are 
practical  mechanics  and  possess  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
coach  lamp  industry.  The  firm  manufactures  every  description 
l.unps,  with  a  metal  spinning,  and 


;USTAVE    SCHMIDT. 


of  coach,  carriage  and  hearse 
gold,  silver  and  nickel  plating  departments,  which  are  admir- 
ably equipped  with  every  impiovement  known  to  the  trade. 
Each  member  having  served  an  aiiprenticeshiii  to  the  business, 
occupies  a  ])Osition  in  the 
factory,  the  duties  of  which 


side  business,  being  well  known  on  the  road  and  is  thoroughly 
familiar  with  the  carriage  builders  throughout  the  entire  coun- 
try. The  firm  have  successfully  cinducted  their  business  and 
lireasted  the  hard  times  of  the  past  three   vears  which  will  long 

be  remembered  as  a  period 
that  trietl   men's  souls  as 


i'l,.ANr    liK    NEWARK    CO.ACH     L.\MP    .M.\N  L"  F.\CIU  RING    CO. 


are  discharged  in  an  able 

manner,    Mr.     Eberhardt 

being  the  superintendent. 

Mr.  Hattel   having  charge 

of   the   lamp   iiiakmg   and 

plating  departments,  while 

Mr.  Schmidt  conducts  the 

spinning  department  and 

acts   as    treasurer  of  the 

company, and  Mr.  Walter 

is  the  secretary  and  man- 
ager.    The  plant    is  coni- 

plete   in    all    its   arrange- 
ments, having  a  capacity 

for  ]iroducing  thirty  thou- 

santl    pairs  of   l.imps   an- 
nually.    The   high    grade 

lamps     manufactured    by 

this      firm     are      r.ipidiv 

becoming    celebrated    for 

their  superior  const  ruction, 

durability,     workmanship 

and  finish,  and  being  expert   mechanics  they   are  enabled  to  do 

their  own  designing,   having  produced   many  new  styles  which 

have  attracted  the  attention  of   the  home  as  well  as  the   export 

trade.     Mr.  Walter,  the  man.iger,  personally  attends  to  the  out- 
business  or  the  old   axiom,  that 

Tilings."  These  four  young  men,  each  of  whom  had  studied 
the  art  of  coach  lamp  making  and  had  garnered  all  "the  facts 
belonging  to  the  trade,  was  ready  to  pull  of^  his  coat  and  roll  up 
his  sleeves  and  go  to  work  with  a  will,  determined  to  win  in  the 
light  for  supremacy.  They  had  to  come  in  contact  with  the 
experience  of  old  heads  and  lo  meet  in  the  markets  of  the  coun- 
11  y  such  a  fieice  competilion  ,is  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
|iroducers  always  beget,  and  when  the  young  firms  win  success, 
.IS  this  quariet  most  assuredly  has,  the  reward  comes  in  the 
increased  demand  for  their  goods  and  the  well  deserved  and 
honest  commendations  which  ever  follow.  To  this  young  firm 
has  come  all  this,  and  so  systematic  has  been  the  conduct  ol 
I  he  affairs  of  their  business,  their  growth  cannot  but  be  com- 
mensurate with  the  effort  put  forth.  The  lamps  from  this  con- 
cern show  to  the  world  in  their  real  beauty,  that  there  was  real 
GUSTAVE  L.  H.vTTEi,.  mechanical  and  artistic  merit  in  each  member. 


well  as  their  bank  accounts 
and  the  years  1894-5-6, 
will  go  down  in  history  as 
a  record  breaker  in  the 
story  of  panics  and  indus- 
trial depression.  Such,  in 
brief,  is  the  record  which 
this  firm  can  boast  of, 
composed  as  it  is  of  four 
united  and  determined 
mechanics,  who  have 
demonstrated  their  ability 
10  conduct  their  own  busi- 
ness and  have  never  per- 
mitted the  business  to  in- 
lluence  them.  These  men 
have  set  an  example  in 
pushing  to  success  an  in- 
dustrial pursuit  which 
others  might  follow 
with  satisfaction.  Since 
thev  have  shown  that  even 
m  the  midst  of  the  gravest  of  difliculties  and  throughout  all  the 
period  of  the  gravest  business  and  financial  depression  known  in 
the  history  of  either,  these  men  have  apparently  never  lost  sight 
for  a  moment  of  the  immense  value  of  close  application  to 
■  I't  rseverance   Conquers   All 


(  HAKl.KS    F.    EBERHARDT. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


255 


DAVID     RIPLEY    &    SONS, 
TIMBER  &   LUMBER. 

FOR  more  than  half  a  century 
tliere  has  been  conducted 
in  this  city  an  industry  which, 
in  extent  and  usefulness  of  its 
production,  stands  unrivalled. 
We  refer  to  the  steam  saw  and 
planing  mills  plant  conducted 
under  the  firm  name  of  L^avid 
Ripley  &  Sons  Timber  &  Lumber 
Co..  a  remarkable  and  telling 
photo  of  which  appears  in  the 
beautiful  illustration  presented 
on  this  page.  The  business  of  this 
great  concern  has  a  convenience 
of  situation  surpassed  by  few. 
if  any.  similar  industry  in  any 
city  in  the  LInited  States.  More 
than  half  a  century  of  years 
have  passed  auay  since  David 
Ripley,  the  founder,  then  a  poor 
and  almost  friendless  boy.  came 
to  this  city  from  Green's  Farms, 
in  Connecticut,  where  he  was 
born  in  1803.     He  brought  with 

him  little  or  no  cash,  but  possessed  what  was  far  better — an 
acli\e  brain,  a  healthy  physique  and  a  strong  right  arm,  great 
and  mighty  factors  in  the  upbuilding  of  a  home  and  a  fortune. 
His  business  foundations  were  laid  firm  and  deep  in  the  great 
and  lasting  principles  of  the  virtues  of  temperance,  fortitude, 
prudence  and  justice,  and  he  was  never  known,  during  all  his 
long  business  career,  e.xtending  over  a  period  of  more  than  fifty 
years,  to  deviate  or  part  from  them.  Early  in  life  he  imbibed 
a  sti'ong  hatred  for  the  institution  of  slavery  and  was  always  a 
fearless  champion  of  its  abolition.  In  the  latter  part  of  the 
fifties  he  brought  down  on  his  head  not  a  few  maledictions  on 
account  of  his  sentiments  in  this  regard,  but  his  convictions  of 
right  were  so  strong  and  his  inbred  love  of  honor  still  stronger, 
that  he  was  never  happier  or  showed  up  to  his  neighbors  in 
better  form  than  when  withstanding  the  taunts  of  the  thought- 
lessness of  those  who  opposed   him.     He  was  the  founder  in 


t-i/t?t 

I'LA.Nt    OF    DAVID    RIPI.F.V    &    .SONS    I'IMIiER    \V.\<    r.li.Mlil'.R    Ci 


organizing  the  Clover  Street  ln<lustrial  School,  and  contributed 
generously  towards  the  support  of  the  [loor  children  in  that 
section  of  the  city.  A  marked  specialty  of  the  business  was 
the  sawing  of  logs  into  timber,  boards,  planks,  joists,  sills, 
studding,  etc.,  to  order.  The  trees,  being  purchased  on  forest 
lands  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  were  chopped  down  and 
rafted  on  the  Delaware  and  Susciuehanna  rivers  and  brought 
into  his  own  plant  via  Passaic  River  and  Morris  Canal,  both  of 
which  run  past  his  doors.  Many  of  the  logs  which  were  felled 
in  the  forests  of  Georgia  antl  Alabama  were  sawed  into  boards 
and  planks  in  this  time-honored  mill. 

Few  industries  have,  perhaps,  done  more  toward  advancing 
the  manufacturing  interests  of  this  city  than  the  lumber  industry 
carried  on  under  the  well-known  name  of  David  Ripley  &  Sons. 
.Along  with  their  e.Ktensive  sawing  and  planing  mill,  the  sons 
and  grandsons  who  have  succeeded  the  founder  have  added  a 


VVILLIA.M    A.    Kirl.F.Y. 


box  plant  on  a  very  e.xtensive  scale. 
Thousands  of  boxes  go  forth  from 
their  works  to  the  great  manufacturing 
establishments  engaged  in  other  lines 
of  trade  that  requires  them  to  ship  their 
product  to  the  marts  of  trade  through- 
out thecountry.  Besidesfillingsuccess- 
fullyall  the  responsibilities attachingto 
such  a  large  business,  the  present  pro- 
jirietors  have  kept  untarnished  the 
badge  of  good  citizenship.  Ml'.  William 
A.  Ripley  having  served  as  one  of  the 
first  police  commissioners  of  this  city, 
and  represented  his  ward  in  the  Board 
of  Chosen  Freeholders  and  his  assem- 
bly district  in  the  State  Legislature 
with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction 
to  his  constituency.  Mr.  John  Wattles 
Ripley  has  also  filled  the  responsible 
office  of  Alderman,  representing  the 
people  of  his  ward  with  ability.  After 
the  death  of  John  Wattles  Ripley  the 
new  company  was  incorporated. 


CllAKl.KS    O      Kll'LEV. 


256 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATE!}. 


&M.CUMMINGS&CO. 


NE  \V  A  K  K  stands  to-day 
without  a  rival  in  the 
leather  industry  in  the  civili/ed 
world.  The  percentatje  of  her 
population  engaged  in  the  work 
of  converting  the  hides  of 
animals  into  leather,  is  truly 
startling  in  amount  when  com- 
pared With  that  of  many  of  ht-r 
sister  industries.  When  the 
amount  of  capital  invested  in  the 
tanning  plants  which  have  grown 
np  within  her  borders  during  the 
past  decade  is  considered,  there 
is  little  wonder  that  the  growth 
of  the  city  has  been  so  pheno- 
menal, and  that  when  it  is  added 
to  the  entirety  of  money  invested 
in  leather-making  enterprises,  it 
mounts  up  to  more  than  sixty 
millions  of  dollars. 

When  the  first  tanner  laid  the 
foundations  for  the  lime  pit  and 
tannery  in  the  early  history  of 
the  town,  he  in  all  probability 
built  better  than  he  knew.  He 
little  thought  th.it  in  his  modest 

beginnings  he  was  lighting  the  spark  of  an  industry  that  would 
know  no  quenching.  He  had  much  less  thought  that  his  modest 
beginnings  would  have  the  marvelous  growth  and  development 
which  marks  the  greatness  of  this  important  branch  of  the 
manufacturing  industries  of  New  Jersey's  metropolitan  city  in 
1897.  The  history  of  the  leather  industry  is  so  interwoven  with 
the  rise  and  progress  of  the  city  of  Newark  itself,  that  in  writ- 
ing the  history  of  one,  the  statement  of  facts  relates  to  the  other, 
so  close  do  the  lines  of  their  march  run  together. 

Among  the  enterprising  firms  engaged  in  this  great  Ijranch  of 
Newark's  industrial  interests,  is  found  that  of  M.  &  M. 
Cummings  &  Co..  leather  manufacturers,  whose  extensive  tan- 
neries are  situated  on  Marshall  street,  ne.ir  Wasliington.  The 
beautiful  and   striking  photographs  of   the  men  and  their  plant 


U.  i  M.  CUMMINGS  &  CO.,  MARSHALL  STl'IEET. 


lAMES   CUMMINGS. 


on  this  page,  are  indeed  truthful  representations  of  the  tanning 
industry  which  they  conduct  with  such  marvelous  success. 
Like  thousands  of  the  other  industries  conducted  in  the  city 
of  Newark,  which  have  grown  to  their  present  great  proportions, 
the  business  of  this  firm  began  life  in  a  modest  way  in  1879, 
Mr.  James  Cummings  being  the  founder.  He  remained  alone 
in  the  business  until  1881,  when  his  brothers  John  and  Bernard 
taking  an  interest,  the  firm  of  B.  Cummings  &  Bros,  was  organized. 
After  the  death  of  Bernard,  which  occurred  July,  1895,  the 
present  firm  was  organized  in  1S96.  They  are  practical  tanners, 
h.Lving  learned  the  art  in  detail,  thus  becoming  experts  in  the 
business.  Their  factories  being  fitted  up  witli  all  the  latest 
improvements  in  the  art  of  tanning,  and  being  fully  equipped 
with  all  the  latest  improved  necessary  appliances,  and  having  in 

their  employ  a  large  corps  of  skilled 

workmen,  leather  bearing  the  imprint 

of  fine  workmanship  and  the  stamp  of 

hands   that  aie  skilled,   is  the   result. 

This  house    manufactures    the   finest 

grades  of  furniture,  grain,  bag,  pocket- 
book,   and  an  almost  endless  variety 

of  fancy  colored  leather,  all  of  wdiich  is 

iioltd    iitv    its     superior    quality   and 

finish.      In  few  markets  do  the  leathers 

of   this    firm     need    an    introduction. 

They  have  become  so  well-know'n  that 

goods  bearing  their  stamp  have  only 

to  be  seen  to  be  appreciated,  and  find 

a  ready   sale  in  all    the  markets  of  the 

United     .States    and    Canada.       The 

success  which  has  marked  the  career 

of  this  house  is  another  of  the  demon- 
strations   of    the     fact  that     it    pays 

always  to  be  well  up  in  the  theory  of 

your  adopted  jirofession  before  at- 
tempting to  practice  it  with  any  degree 

of   profit.  JOHN    CUMMINGS, 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


257 


PHOTO-ENGRAVING  AND  ELECTROTYPING. 

LONG  before  the  magic  block  from  which  is  produced  the 
the  highly  attractive  illustrations,  causing  the  reader  to 
stop  and  in  amazement,  as  it  were,  consider  from  whence  they 
came  and  to  what  strange  processes  are  they  subjected,  to  bring 
them  to  that  high  stage  of  perfection  as  seen  in  the  rcsuUant 
picture  is  ready  to  take  its  place  in  the  printer's  form.  It  is 
pleasant  to  relate  for  the  pleasure,  delectation  and  edification  of 
the  readers  of  this  beautiful  souvenir  book,  that  away  up  in  the 
top  loft  of  some  sky-piercing  building  of  these  progressive  days, 
on  a  little  block  of  wood,  was  photographed  the  picture  desired 
and  then  it  was  passed  to  the  care  of  another,  who  in  some  quiet 
nook  of  a  quiet  room  ties  it  down  and  sets  at  work  with  the 
engraver's  tool  and  in  a  very  short  time,  under  a  strong  light, 
works  up  the  lines  necessary  for  the  completion  of  the  block. 
I  nin  thence  a  transformation  takes  place  and  the  innocent  little 
block  of  wood  is  ready  to  take  its  prominent  place  alongside  his 
r'-'"'-  •■  -iid  meeker  and  less  pretentious  brother  types.     Slrange, 


^3%^^. 


taper  brightly  burning  and  ever  directed   to  show  sorrow  wvn 
the  way.     To  Seebeck  Bros.,  who  have  made  the  great  m 
of  the  rare  and  beautiful  plates  which  will  ever  make  1 
CouNlY,  N.  J.,  ILLU.STUATED  the  souvenir  of  many  f:i 
who  will  treasure  it  as  among  the  choicest,  when  the  end  comes. 
of  their  bequest  and  the  rarest  of  the  gifts. 

The  headquarters  of  this  great  house,  which  made  famous  the 
name  of  Seebeck  Hros.,  is  located  at  41  lli-(>!;ni.in  imA  (A  \Vi;iM;ii 
streets.  New  York  city,  where  they  . 
of  the  best  learned  artists  in  the  land.      1  ...  ,,,,,,,,.,,  ,,,,i|,, 
this  great  and  popular  branch  of  art  industry,  reaches 
part  of  the  country.     The  engraving  art  came  into  exisieuLL- 
earlier,  perhaps,  than  many  of  its  sister  industries,  and  long  since 
she  took  her  place  at  the  front  and  has  so  fortified  her  position  that 
all  over  the  world,  in  her  branch  and  line,  there  have  risen  none 
to  challenge  her  proud  position.     Wherever  engravings  of  a  fine 
character  are  known,  and  the  question  is  asked,  who  makes  the 
rarest,  the  finest  and  choicest,  the  name  of  Seebech  IJros.  will 
be  answered  in  the  most  self  assuring  and  convincing  tones.  The 


11-^ 


V 


[My^^ 


is  it  not .-'  A  daub  of  ink  here,  a  spatter  of  the  same  there,  a 
turn  of  a  wheel,  the  sing  of  steel,  and  the  work  of  an  illustration 
is  completed.  No  tribute  appearing  on  the  pages  of  this  book 
is  more  deserving  than  this,  w-hich  is  designed  to  bring  the 
n  iders  and  theauthorsof  the  mass  of  engravings  which  find  place 
on  its  leaves,  more  closely  together,  that  each  may  learn  from  the 
other  how  closely  all  are  allied  ;  and  to  us,  as  we  write,  nothing- 
gives  more  real  satisfaction  and  unalloyed  pleasure  than  to  tell 
somcw  liat  of  the  secrets  of  art  and  their  cunning  devices,  then  ask 
1  rs  to  delve  within  them  and  secure  what  they  may  of 
1  I.  ns  we  lift  the  curtain  or  shade,  with  an  only  regret 
liiii  w  -Miiot  do  more.  How  natural  and  sad,  and  yet  how 
appropo  to  llie  truth  does  it  seem,  that  when  our  best  Work  is 
done,  and  art's  very  best  endeavor,  which  saw  the  answering 
smile  even  flash  from  the  stone,  whereon  it  had  labored,  but  the 
thought,  why  didn't  I  do  better  arises  and  clings  persistently  on 
to  the  "  leading  strings,"  where  hope  is  well  in  advance  with  her 


engravings,  illustrating  this  souvenir  ol    Ejsicx  Coin  t^■. 
iLLUSlKATKr),  were     made  by   three  engraving   housu 
Hagopian  Photo  Co.,  the  Scluietz  Photo-Kngraving  Co.,  which, 
was  annexed  to  the  electrotypiii"    nl.uu  nf  Scrl)!  i  k   \^\-^^-...  in 
1S65,  since  which  time  it  has  l>' 
Photo-engraving  and  ElectrotyiJmi^   v  .>;n|i,iu\ .  <.i    . 
street  and  166  William  street,  New  York  city.     Mr.  S 
tinues  with  the  n^.v  company  and  is  at  th;  head  of  their  cagr.iv- 
ing  department,  b^ing  an  experienced  photo  engraver  with  a 
practical  knowledge  of  the  entire  business,  and  the  designer  of 
this  work    herewith   |iM!ili,-K    .u  l.iuiul.-il"i",   iht-    manv   acis   of 
courtesy  shown  to  hi 

piling  this  souvenir.  1  lu'  woiKinun  iiniinni-nrumb  Ml. Hit:  III  nil- 
engraving  art  during  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  has  enabled 
book  publishers  to  profusely  illustrate  their  works,  and  among 
the  numerous  plants  engaged  in  the  trade  there  is  none  stands 
higher  than  the  firm  of  Seebeck  Brothers. 


258 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  X.  J..   ILLUSTRATED. 


THE  HAGOPIAN   PHOTO-ENGRAVING  CO. 

IN  no  line  of  industry  has  greater  improvemeiUs  been  accom- 
plislied  ilurinij  thf  last  (|uartcr  of  a  century  than  in  the 
engraving  art.  On  this  ])age  are  produced  specimens  engraved 
by  the  Hagopian  I'hoto-luigraving  Company,  whose  business  is 
conducted  at  No.  3  Great  Jones  street.  New  YorU  city.  This 
relial)le  house  has  |)roduced  some  of  the  finest  illustrations  to 
be  found  in  the  pages  of  this  illustrated  souvenir.  The  head  of 
the    firm   has  been   rmini-cifi]  with  the   industry   nearly  thirty 

years,  and  is  entitled 
to  be  designated  as 
one  of  the  pioneers 
in  the  photo-engrav- 
V  /^J       ^P^J|b^|^^^^  i'lg  business  of    the 

^    -^tS^ln^K/^^^A  United     States,     he 

having  learned  the 
art  of  engraving  on 
wood  with  William 
W.  Rowland,  Esq. 
In  1868,  three  years 
later,  he  assumed 
entire  charge  of  the 
,    ,  engraving  depart- 

ment of  the  Actenic 
Company's  plant,  which  was  the  first  known  to  produce  print- 
ing plates  from  photos  by  the  J.  C.  iMoss  process.  Being  an 
artist  and  e.vpert  engraver,  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  photo- 
rgaphy,  he  studied  and  experimented  in  the  proces.ses,  and  w^as 
rewarded  by  discovering  several  new  methods  which  made  him 
an  e.\pert  in  the  photo-engraving  business.  It  was  Mr.  Hagopian 
who  founded  the  American  Photo-Engraving  Company,  and 
during  his  career 
with  them  they  were 
noted  for  producing 
the  best  line  of  w-ork 
in  the  trade.  After 
leaving  the  comp.any 
his  services  were 
secured  by  the 
Photo-  Engraving 
Company,  of  Park 
Place,  with  whom  he 
served  ten  jears  as 
superintendent  of  in- 
ventions and  pro- 
cesses, and  he  was  also  identified  with  the  well  known  house  of 
James  K.  O.sgood  &  Co..  of  Boston,  Mass.  In  May,  1891,  he 
associated  himself  with  Mr.  .Albert  G.  Katabdjian,  who  is  also  a 
practical  engraver  with  twelve  years' experience,  and  had  charge 
of  the  engraving  department  of  a  prominent  establishment  for 
several  years,  and  together  they  established  the  present  plant, 
which  is  fitted   up  with  every   known  im[)rovement  tending  to 

perfect  the  work  and 
reduce  the  cost  of 
engravings,  thus  en- 
abling every  one  so 
inclined  to  illustrate 
leir  books,  papers, 
•  italogues,  etc.,  at  the 
liast  possible  expense. 
The  firm  recommends 
their  new  and  latest 
process,  as  the  neatest, 
cleanest  and  most  dur- 
able, when   good   ma- 


PIIOTOGKAl'HI.NO. 


terial     and    workman- 
ship are    required,  as 
well  as   for  all-around 
work,  over  the  numer- 
is   processes  now  in 
ac.     The  firm  make  a 
specialty  of  producing 
printing  plates  of  the 
best    quality   on     zinc 
and    copper.     E  s  t  i  - 
mates,  etc  ,  cheerfull) 
furnished   upon  appli- 
KOLTiNo.  cation  to  the  company. 

The  work  performed 
by  these  enterprising  citizens  have  made  a  complete  revolution 
in  the  engraving  business.  Especially  is  this  so  in  the  immense 
reduction  of  the  cost  of  illustrating  such  works  as  this,  which, 
it  is  safe  to  say.  would  have  been,  so  far  as  the  beautiful  plates 
are  concerned,  ten  times  what  this  company  has  been  enabled 
to  produce  them  for,  under  their  late  improved,  scientific  and 
artistic  methods,  the  work  accomplishetl  hein<r  f"(|na!l\-  as  ofood, 
if  not  better,  than  if 
it  were  done  by  the 
old  process.  A  full 
and  satisfying  dem- 
onstration of  this 
fact  can  be  seen  by 
the  least  observant, 
as  the  pages  are 
turned,  upon  each 
of  which  in  all  their 
beauty  of  line  and 
perfection  of  detail, 
they  are  seen.  If 
farther    evidence    is  iiNGK.,,>>. 

needed  of  the  truth- 
fulness of  the  statement  of  the  wonderful  saving  the  new  pro- 
cesses of  this  company  have  achieved,  the  evidence  which  would 
prove  convincing  to  the  most  exacting,  can  be  had  from  the 
compiler  of  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  Ii.i,rsTR.\TED.  in  the  happy 
result  of  the  mighty  saving  which  these  artists  have  made  possi- 
ble for  him.  It  has  been  a  very  plea.sant  surprise  to  him  in 
procuring  material   for  this  beautiful  work,  to   know  that  such 

elegant  engravings 
could  be  produced  for 
such  a  small  sum  of 
money.  In  the  illus- 
trations show'n  on  this 
page  the  publisher  has 
endeavored  to  give  the 
reader  some  idea  of 
how  the  beautiful  en- 
gravings are  produced. 
In  the  first  place,  it  is 
necessary  to  have  a 
photograph,  which  is 
placed  in  the  hands  of 
the  artist,  whose  skillful  touches  remove  defects.  When  the 
original  is  again  photographed  to  the  required  size,  and  a  good 
negative  is  produced,  it  is  then  sent  to  the  etching  room,  where 
the  acid,  combined  with  the  etcher's  skill,  produce  the  required 
printing  depth.  Afterwards  the  plate  comes  to  the  routing  depart- 
ment where  delicate  iriacliinery  removes  the  useless  particles. 
It  now  comes  to  the  engraver  who  removes  all  defects  and  then 
to  the  proofer,  w  ho  makes  the  first  printed  impression. 


rKOori.su. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


259 


THEODORE   PERRY. 

THE  consumption  of  coal  and  wood  in  a  manu- 
facturing city  lil<e  Newarl;  is  so  vast  that  the 
trade  necessarily  involves  considerations  of  vast 
importance,  and  the  increasing  demand  for  these 
two  staple  articles  has  attained  proportions  of 
great  magnitude.  Large  capital  and  men  of  energy 
are  continually  being  attracted  to  the  traftic,  and 
in  this  connection  we  mention,  with  pleasure,  the 
name  of  Theodore  Perry,  a  life-like  photo  of  whom 
will  be  found  among  the  illustrations.  This  enter- 
prising citizen  is  a  native  of  Morris  County,  he 
having  been  raised  and  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  Hunderton  County,  and  by  trade  is  a  house 
painter.  Coming  to  Newark  in  1SS2  he  commenced 
in  a  small  way  his  present  business  on  Campbell 
street,  and  has  occupied  his  present  extensive  and 
centrally  located  quarters  since  1887.  The  plant  is 
situated  at  Nos.  405  and  407  Market  street  and 
runs  through  to  Passaic  avenue,  with  an  entrance 
on  both  thoroughfares.  The  premises  are  well 
equipped  with  steam  power  and  large  sheds.  Mr. 
Perry  makes  a  specialty  of  delivering  only  the  best  grades  of  wel 
screened  coal  of  any  required  size  to  manufacturers  and  fami 
lies.  Wood  is  cut  and  split  to  suit  the  purchaser,  and  he  is  th( 
general  agent  m  this  city  for  the  Standard  Wood  Co. 


I'Uotogkaphed  bv  um.  f.  cunk, 


ROBERT   BLAIR. 


ner.  Estimates  are  furnished  on  all  work  relating  to  any  branch 
of  his  trade,  and  satisfaction  is  guaranteed  on  every  job  executed. 
The  excellence  of  his  workmanship  and  the  reasonable  charges 
have  secured  him  a  reputation  that  is  fully  deserved.  The 
excellent  jihoto  on  page  260,  speaks  for  the  man  better  than 
anything  we  could  say  in  his  favor. 


THEI^E  is  indeed  every  excuse  for  classing  the  profession  of 
the  plumber  among  the  very  high  branches  of  the  mechani- 
cal arts,  and  the  beneficial  results  of  sanitary  plumbing  can  only 
be  secured  by  the  employment  of  practical  and  experienced 
mechanics.  Among  the  many  able  representatives  of  this  pro- 
fession in  the  city  of  Newark,  we  take  pleasure  in  mentioning 
the  name  of  .Mr.  Robert  Blair,  whose  well-equipped  work  shop 
is  located  at  No.  419  Market,  where  he  conducts  a  general  busi- 
ness in  the  line  of  plumbing,  gas  fitting,  tin,  copper  and  galvan- 
ized iron  working.  A  specialty  is  made  of  sewer  and  water 
connections;  contract  work  and  jobbing  in  these  branches  receive 
his  personal  attention  and  are  executed  in  a  workmanlike  man- 


T 


WILLIAM  JACOBI. 

HERE  is  no  trade  better  or  more  ably  represented  in  Essex 
County  than  that  of  the  plumbing,  steam  and  gas 
fitting  industrv.  One  of  our  best  known  plumbers  is  Mr.  Wni. 
Jacobi,  of  No.  72  Commerce  street.  The  business  now  con- 
ducted by  him  was  established  thirty-five  years  ago  by  Mr.  15. 
Assmann,  with  whom  Mr.  Jacobi  was  connected  during  five 
vears,  and  to  whom  he  succeeded  in  18S3.  He  carries  a  heavy 
stock  of  plumbers',  steam  and  gas  fitters'  supplies,  as  well  as 
the  best  makes  of  stoves,  ranges,  furnaces,  etc.,  also  tinware 
and  sheet  metal  specialties.     .Mr.  Jacobi   is  prepared   to  furnish 


WILLIAM    MORRISON".   PHO  rOGRAl'H  KR. 


estimates  and  to  enter  into  contracts  for 
plumbing,  lighting,  ventilating,  heating, 
steam  and  gas  fitting,  executing  all  work 
promptly.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  copper 
work,  including  hatters'  cones,  copper 
kettles  and  coils,  round  and  oval  copper 
pans  for  jewelers.  Another  prominent 
specialty  of  this  house  is  the  manufacture 
of  balconies,  in  which  .1  very  large  trade 
is  done  throughout  the  United  States  as 
well  as  in  foreign  countries.  'I'he  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, and  has  resided  in  Newark  for  the 
past  twenty-five  years.  He  is  recognized 
as  one  of  our  leading  tradesmen,  and  is  a 
popular  member  of  the  Germania  and 
Aurora  Singing  Societies,  and  is  financial 
secretary  of  the  Master  Plumbers'  Asso- 
ciation. The  life-like  illustration,  which  is 
jnesented  on  page  214  of  this  beautiful 
^.luvenir,  sjieaks  louder  of  this  enterpris- 
ing citizen  and  mechanic,  than  any  words 
we  could  say,  and  all  who  know  him  will 
vouch  for  our  assertions. 


J.    KE.NNIK    SMITH.  I'lIOTOGRAPllER. 


260 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


ROBERT    ELATR. 


HUBERT   BOOTH. 

WHEN  we  take  into  consideration 
the  various  industries  which 
have  aided  materially  in  the  steady 
progress  and  prosperity  of  Ne\varl<'s 
manufacturing  and  commercial  inter- 
ests, it  will  be  readily  seen  that  a 
review  of  the  city's  financial  and  busi- 
ness men  would  be  far  from  complete 
were  they  not  to  include  some  of  those 
known  under  the  head  of  business 
exchanges  and  real  estate  agencies. 

A  considerable  amount  of  business 
i>  annually  transacted  by  the  enter- 
prising men  who  are  included  in  this 
calling  and  there  must  be  something 
that  warrants  satisfactory  results, 
otherwise  men  like  Mr.  Hubert  Booth 
would  not  embark  or  continue  in  the 
calling. 

He  first  beheld  the  light  of  day  in 
the  \illage  of  Waldron,  Orange  Coun- 
ty, N.  Y.,  in   i860,  his  parents  remov- 


HLBERT    BOOTH. 


ing  to  this  city  in  1S64.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Newark  schools 
and  learned  the  cutlery  trade  with  his  father,  who  was  the  first 
to  manufacture  pocket  knives  in  Essex  County.  Mr.  Booth,  a 
life-like  photo  of  whom  is  herewith  presented,  continued  in  the 
cutlery  business  with  his  father  until  1893.  when  he  started  in 
business  for  himself  ;  his  oHkesare  located  in  rooms  2,  3  and  4.  on 
the  second  floor  in  the  Clinton  Building,  No.  22  Clinton  street. 
Here  he  devotes  his  personal  attention  to  buying  and  selling 
business  opportunities  of  all  kinds.  He  procures  partners  and 
capital  when  desired  and  makes  a  specialty  of  exchanging  real 
estate  for  business.  In  this  particular  branch  Mr.  Booth  has 
been  very  successful  ;  in  fact,  he  is  one  of  the  acknowledged 
leaders  of  New  Jersey  in  this  line. 


position  to  appreciate  and  enjoy  a  season  of  continual  pros- 
perity. Confidence,  which  is,  perhaps,  the  shortest  road  to 
activity  in  business,  has  been  partially  restored  by  the  people 
and  there  is  every  prospect  that  the  change  in  the  National 
Government  will  tend  to  the  opening  of  many  idle  factories  and 
mills  throughout  the  country.  In  this  hope  we  will  now  mention 
the  name  of  Mr.  George  Healy,  an  excellent  photo  of  whom  is 
herewith  presented.  He  was  born  in  the  North  of  England,  in 
1834.  coming  to  this  country  with  his  parents  in  his  eighth  year. 
After  receiving  a  common  school  education  he  learned  the  trade 
of  tool  maker  and  machinist  blacksmith.  In  1875  hecommenced 
business  for  himself  and  by  close  attention  built  up  a  fine  trade. 


GEORGE   HEALY. 


THE   common   ])eople.  or  the   working  classes  as   they   are 
commonly  termed,  have  endincd.  without  a  murmur,  the 
industrial  depressions  of  the  past  four   \e.ns  and  are  now  in  a 


HENRY  C.    KLEMM,  ARCHITECT, 

MONG  the  many  able  and  well  known  citizens  of  Newark 
who  have  been,  and  are  now  connected  with  the  architec- 
tural profession,  few,  if  any.  are  better  known  than  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,   Henrv   C.  Klenim.  a  life-like   photn  of  whom  is 


A' 


<;i-;oR(;i-.  iii;.\i  v. 


presented  in  the  illustrations  on  page 
219,  and  whose  office  and  draughting 
rooms  are  located  in  the  Coles  Build- 
ing, corner  Market  and  Mulberry 
streets.  Specimens  of  his  skill  and 
ability  are  visible  all  over  the  city. 
For  several  years  he  ably  represented 
the  citizens  of  the  Twelfth  Ward  in 
the  School  Board,  and  was  honored 
by  being  elected  president  of  the  Board 
of  Education.  In  the  Iron  Bound 
District  there  are  few  men  more  popu- 
lar with  the  people  than  Henry  C. 
KU mm.  He  is  largely  identified  with 
the  ni.iny  interests  of  the  eastern  sec- 
tion of  the  city  and  is  connected  with 
numerous  organizations,  and  is  a 
director  of  the  Security  Building  and 
Loan  Association.  He  w-as  identified 
with  the  new  Custom  House  and  Post 
Office,  as  well  as  many  of  the  useful 
and  elegant  fire  engine  houses  and 
school  buildings,  all  over  the  city. 


THEODORE    I'ERRV. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


261 


CLAYTON-HOFF  CO 

SINCE  the  advent  of  the  trolley, 
with  its  treasured  lightning 
advantages,  came  to  take  the  place 
of  the  plodding  Dobbin,  a  revolu- 
tion was  wrought  in  ihe  use  of 
the  horse,  the  first  and  more  im- 
portant of  which  was  found  in  its 
attack  on  the  livery  stables,  hun- 
dreds of  which  went,  for  lack  of 
business,  to  Davy  Jones'  locker, 
hopelessly  and  forever  lost.  Stables 
filled  with  fair  stock  and  sheds 
covering  vehicles  with  which  nom- 
would  complain  and  long  familiar 
to  patrons  and  friends,  were  lost 
from  sight.  Yet  there  were  some 
standing  on  foundations  so  posi- 
tively strong  that  they  could  not  be 
shaken,  and  among  these  few  in 
Essex  County,  is  the  Halsey  street 
establishment  of  the  Clayton-Hoff 
Co.,  which  has  survived  the  light- 
ning flash  and  trolley  dash   and  is 

now  doing  a  handsome  business  and  paying  fair  dividends  from 
realized  profits.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  this  company  has  passed 
a  crisis,  in  the  special  business  lines  in  which  they  are  engaged, 
that  can  show  few,  i(  any  equals,  in  its  ruinous  effects  and  the 
herculean  strength  of  its  crushing  work  and  the  far  reaching  of 
its  paralyzing  influences.  Not  alone  has  this  company  had  to 
meet  the  contending  hosts  of  Edison,  Wtston  and  others,  who 
make  play  with  electricity  and  magnetism,  make  music  and  sing 
songs  on  the  sol.  fa.  system  and  tin  horn  combination,  which 
keep  people's  feet  tapping  and  holding  people's  closest  atten- 
tion till  the  wee  sma'  hours  of  the  morning.  With  all  these 
powerful  influences  to  work  against,  the  Clayton  &  Hoff  Com. 
pany  continues  to  do  business.  Horses  and  wagons  are  hired 
out  yearly  to  merchants  and  business  men  for  delivering  and 
carting  goods  of  every   description  ;    they  also    have   a    large 


CL  AS  TON    a  HOFFS 

IB  I  r 

LI vf:ry  stables,. 

ar  or  w 
ti[  m  RT 


••=«,. 


:l^ 


THE    CL.^VION-HOFF    CO.,  LIVERV    STAHI.ES,  ON   HALSKV  STKEKT. 


storage  warehouse  and  large  vans  for  moving  pianos  and  furni 


KLIAS    S.    WARD,    UECEAStD. 


ture  to  and  from  any  section  of  the  .State.  A  large  "  Tally-Ho" 
coach  has  been  added  to  the  stock,  which  is  the  only  one  of  its 
kind  in  Essex  County,  and  is  much  used  by  pleasure  parties, 
clubs,  associations,  etc.,  for  day  or  evening  outings.  The  plant 
is  well  stocked  with  stages,  runabouts,  traps,  buggies,  wagons, 
etc.,  which  may  be  hired  at  all  hours.  The  question  may  be 
asked  :  "  Why  prosperity  smiles  on  the  Clayton-Hoff  Co..  when 
others  have  gone  down  under  the  avalanche  of  trolley  cars  and 
bicycles  ?"  Our  answer  is,  the  Clayton-Hoff  Co.  warded  off  every 
threatened  danger  and  barricaded,  with  huge  rocks  of  good 
judgment,  every  vulnerable  place,  and  the  danger  passed  with- 
out even  phazing  the  concern  on  the  lines  of  either  its  financial 
or  business  standing.  As  we  wrote  of  this  concern  in  another 
place  a  few  years  since,  we  can  repeat  now,  only  with  decidedly 
more  emphasis,  viz.,  elegance,  care,  cleanliness  and  dispatch, 
are  the  leading  words  in  Clayton-Hoff  Co.'s  business  directory. 

Are  you  in  pursuit  of  a  gentle  saddle  horse,  a  light  buggy  or  heavy  rig,  either 

stylish  or  plain,  the  place  to  get  it  is  at  this  company's  slables.  located   a  few 

minutes'    walk    from 

Market      Street,      on 

Halsey  street,  in  the  city 

of  Newark,  and  at  Nos. 

217,     219    221,    on    the 

westerlv     side    of     the 

same.     In   looking  over 

the   establishment,   any 

\isitor    is     first    struck 

with      the      marvelous 

degree     of     cleanliness 

observed  throughout 

everydepartment.  That 

there    is    a     place    for 

everything      and      that 

everything     is      in     its 

place,  the  observer  will 

note  at  a  glance.     That 

there  is  a  man  of  pluck 

and  business  vim  at  the 

head    is  known,   and  in 

this  establishment  Chas. 

W.  Clayton  is  the  head. 


C.-Vl'T.AI.N     W.    I'..    MUl'I'KK. 


262 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


V 


JAMES  AHEARN. 

■"HE  city  of  Newark  was  noted  in 
former  years  as  tlie  centre  of  tin- 
carriage  and  wagon  industry  of  the 
liiited  States.  Many  extensive  and 
well  equipped  manufacturing  plants 
devoted  to  this  branch  of  trade  were 
to  be  found  in  every  section  of  the 
city.  Among  the  many  able  and  enter- 
prising citizens  who  represent  this 
branch  of  business  at  the  present  time, 
we  mention  with  [ileasure  the  name  of 
Mr.  James  Aliearn,  whose  works  are 
located  at  Nos.  13  to  23  Jefferson 
street,  near  Market.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  first  beheld  the  light  of 
ilay  in  the  historical  land  of  the  sham- 
rock, in  1838,  coming  to  America  with 
his  parents  in  his  fourteenth  year. 
After  receiving  a  limited  education  in 
the  schools  of  New  York  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  Mr.  John  I..  Coe.  the  well- 
known  carriage  and  wagon  builder  of 

that  city.     He  came  to  Newark  in  1862  anti  worked  at  his  trade 

for  a  period  of  ten  years,  when  he   started   in  business  for  hini- 


FK.XNK  A.  wnrrE. 


CUAKLKS   J.    SCHUICTZ. 


self,  and  for  the  past  (|uarter  of  a  century  has  successfully  con- 
ducted the  building  and  repairing  of  light  and  heavy  wagons 
and  trucks,  which  are  noted  for  their  durability  and  workman- 
ship. Mr.  Ahearn  is  a  practical  mechanic  and  having  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  his  trade,  with  a  well-equipped  plant,  he  is  now 
in  a  position  to  offer  inducements  to  those  who  want  a  new 
wagon  or  truck  built,  or  an  old  one  repaired  or  made  over  equal 
to  new.  He  is  alilv  assisted  in  the  management  of  the  business 
by  his  son,  Mr.  James  Ahearn.  Jr.,  who  is  a  Newarker  by  birth 
and  education,  and  an  artist  in  lettering  by  trade.  Life-like 
photos  of  these  enterprising  citizens  are  presented  on  this  page. 


phase  of  the  values  of  the  various  sections  of  the  city  and  the 
prospects  of  a  rise  or  decline  in  prices.  This  latter  can  be 
mastered  only  by  becoming  thoroughly  conversant  with  the 
locality,  marking  its  past  improvements,  its  future  prospects  of 
growth  and  the  likelihood  of  prominency — that  is,  whether  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  locality  is  liable  to  continue,  in- 
definitely, or  after  a  time  lose  its  vim.  In  this  connection  we 
have  the  pleasure  of  mentioning  the  name  of  Mr.  Charles  J. 
Schuetz,  whose  office  is  located  at  No.  836  Broad  street,  in  the 
Central  Railroad  Building,  were  he  conducts  a  general  real 
estate  business,  buying,  selling  and  exchanging  property. 


FRANK  A.  WHITE. 


CHARLES  J.  SCHUETZ. 

ONE  of  the  \ery  best   accomplishments  that  is  required  of  a 
man  who  makes  the  calling  of   real  estate  his  profession, 
is  that  he  become   possessed  of  a  positive   knowledge  of  every 


lAMES   AHKAKN,  SH, 


AMONG  the  many  young  and  able  undertakers  of  this  city, 
we  take  pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of    Mr.  Frank 
A.  White,  an  excellent  photo  of  whom  is  presented  on  this  page. 
He  has  succeeded  to  the  business  of  his  former  employer,  the 
late  E.  B.  Woodruff,  and  fiom  all  indications  the  samecourteous_ 
treatment  will  be  continued  in  the   future  which  have  characterized   this  well  known 
and  long  established   undertaking  house  in  the  past.     Mr.  White   is  a  practical  em- 
balmer,  having  graduated  from  the  United   States  College  of  Embalming,  of  New- 
York  city,  and  is  a  life-long  Newarker,  having  been  born  nml  educated  in  the  schools 
of    this    city.     The   office  and   warerooms    are 
located  at  No.  906  Broad,  corner  Green  streets, 
antl   are  well   equipped  with   everything  in   the 
line    of     funeral    requisites.      Every    detail     is 
promptly   attended  to  at  all  hours  of  the   day 
.ind   night   and  on  the  most   reasonable  terms. 
The  record    made  by   this  house  in    the   past  is 
of  a  character  to  commend  it  unreservedly  to 
the  confidence  of  the  public.     Mr.  White  gives 
his    personal    attention  to    every    detail    of  his 
railing  and   is  a  worthy  representative  of  the 
funeral   directors  of  this  city.     His  warerooms 
are  connected   by  telephone,  which  is  No.  22S, 
old  and  new  systems.     It  was  at  the  request  of 
the  surviving  widow  of  the  late  Enoch  B.  Wood- 
ruff,  that    Mr.  White  assumed    control   of   the 
business   which    has   been    so    honorably    con- 
ducted during  the   last  half  a   century,  and  is 
one  of  the  oldest  funeral  houses  in  the  city.  jamks  aheakn,  jk. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 

THE   E.  ALSDORF  CO. 


263 


NO  business  has  liad  in  tlie  past  ten  years,  and  indeed  is  now  having^, 
such  a  successful  run  in  this  country,  and  throughout  the  world, 
as  tliat  in  which  the  above  mentioned  firm  are  engaged,  that  of  the 
manufacture,  sale  and  exchange  and  repairing  of  bicycles.  The  whei-l, 
as  it  is  now  termed,  has  a  popularity  never  before  enjoyed  by  any 
mechanical  device.  Great  establishments,  with  immense  capital,  all 
over  the  world,  are  turning  out  wheels,  not  by  the  thoasand,  but  the 
hundreds  of  thousands,  and  giving  employment  to  hundreds  of  thous- 
ands of  men  and  women.  A  visit  to  the  establishment  of  the  E. 
Alsdorf  Co.,  woukl  not  be  only  instructive,  but  full  of  interest,  whether 
the  desire  of  the  visitor  lies  in  the  direction  of  a  purchase  of  a  wheel, 
for  their  own  delectation  or  amusement,  or  just  to  see  them  in  their 
sparkling  beauty  when  new,  and  before  they  have  been  taken  to  the 
road  to  answer  the  call  of  the  rider,  fast  or  slow.  Here  they  will  find 
the  cycles  harnessed  for  the  show,  standing  in  their  neat  little  stalls, 
like  pelted  racers;  equines,  tireless  indeed,  always  ready,  without  oats, 
hay,  straw  or  fodder  of  any  kind,  the  owner  touches  the  pedal,  this 
carrier  steed  is  off  and  away  to  wherever  the  gentlest  touch  may  guide. 
So  easy  a  lesson  has  the  riding  of  the  bicycle  become  th.il  it  requires, 
for  a  novice  even,  only  a  few  hours  study  and  practice  to  learn.  We 
were  wont  to  wonder  but  a  few  years  since,  where  the  little  children 
got  their  wee  little  wheels,  but  that  wonder  has  long  ceased,  since  a 
visit  to  the  E.  Alsdorf  Co.'s  warerooms  opened  up  the  secret,  where 
carefully  stalled  in  their  capacious  exhibition  and  salesroom,  bright 
as  brand  new  buttons,  were  ranged  in  order  and  in  all  sizes,  children's 
wheels,  as  well  as  wheels  for  people  full  grown,  some  of  the  former, 
that  is  to  say,  some  of  the  little  ones,  were  just  as  cunning  and  cute 
as  cunning  and  cute  could  be,  and  we  became  satisfied,  right  soon, 
that  they  came  from  the  E.  Alsdorf  Co.,  or  some  other  like  concern, 
who  knew  just  how  to  cater  for  the  young.  Now  you  have  the  expla- 
nation, why  silver  hair  and  ruddy  cheeks  looked  so  pretty  and  smiled 
so  sweet,  as  they  returned  a  salute  as  their  wheel  rolled  by. 

It's  the  happy  boy  or  girl  who  can  persuade  pater  familias  to  yield 
his  objections,  financially,  to  buying  the  pretty  wheel.  Since  the  most 
of  the  youngsters  go  mounted,  the  major  part  must  have  succeeded  in 
levelling  all  obstacles.  We  trust  it  will  not  be  considered  in  the  line 
of  giving  away  a  secret  when  we  say  that  the  E.  Alsdorf  Co.  had 


THE   E.   ALSDORF   CO.  S   Sl'OkE. 


r!\ 


E.    ALSDORF,    TREASUKKK   AND   MANAGEK 


much  to  do  in  conferring  that  boon  upon  the  ladies,  of  giving  them  a  share  in  the 
pleasant  recreation  from  which  they  had  before  been  barred  by  a  foolish  pre- 
judice. After  the  visitor  has  furnished  himself,  or  himself  and  family,  with  the 
means  of  locomotion  and  pleasure  seeking,  he  must  not  forget  that  the  New 
Home  Sewing  Machine  has  its 
abiding  place  with  the  E.  Als- 
dorf Co.,  thousands  of  which  this 
company  has  transferred  to  the 
sewing  rooms  of  the  ladies,  all 
of  which  have  proven  satisfac- 
tory, for  the  New  Home,  is 
indeed,  the  peerless  among  ma- 
chines. Up  from  the  workshop 
1  omes  the  cycle  and  sewing 
machine  in  excellent  order  and 
neatly  repaired.  But  yet  themost 
musical  part  of  the  businesstor) 
remains  untold.  The  story  is 
simple  and  easily  explained. 
Everybody  in  this  world  has  a 
mission  to  fill  ;  their's  is  to  put 
into  homes  one  of  their  sweet- 
toned  pianos  on  such  easy  terms 
the  payments  will  be  hardly  felt. 
Next  to  the  New  Home  conies 
the  piano  for  the  household.  j    hoi.mf.s,  pkesiuen t. 


264 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


J.    H.  AND  W,   C.   ELY,  ARCHITECTS. 

NEWARK,  with  her  ste.idy  growth  in  wealth  and 
population,  has  caused  a  demand  for  a  class  of 
architecture  of  the  highest  order,  which,  while  graceful 
and  pleasing  to  tlie  eye.  will  afford  ample  scope  for  the 
designer  to  embody  e\ery  requirement  in  his  design  for 
the  structure.  The  modern  school  of  architecture,  as 
directly  adopted  with  nuineros  modifications  to  suit  the 
demand  of  the  times,  is  practically  demonstrated  in  the 
professional  career  of  Messrs.  John  H.  and  Wilson  C.Ely, 
whose  neat  and  well  equipped  office  and  draughting 
rooms  are  located  over  the  Newark  City  National  Bank, 
Corner  Broad  and  Clinton  Streets.  This  firm  makes  a 
specialty  of  designing  and  drawing  plans  for  large  struc- 
tures, and  their  wide  experience  with  some  of  the  best 
architects  of  the  country,  as  assistants  or  superintend- 
ents, enable  them  to  feel  fully  qualified  for  any  com- 
mission with  which  they  may  be  intrusted. 

In  early  life  the  members  of  this  firm  manifested  an 
aptitude  for  this  honorable  profession,  and  have  been 
established  in  business  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
senior  member  of  the  t'irm  is  a  thorough  and  experienced 
superintendent,  having  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
employment  of  the  government,  and  is  highly  esteemed 
from  a  social  standpoint.  He  came  to  this  ci-ty  many 
years  ago  from  New  Hope.  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  was  born  on  June  13,  1S51.  In  1891  he  repre- 
sented the  citizens  of  the  Fifth  Ward  very  ably  in  the  Com- 
mon Council,  and  was  re-elected  in  1S94.  being  one  of  the 
few  Democrats  who  withstood  the  political  avalanche  of  that 
year.  On  the  organization  of  the  Council  in  1895,  he  was 
unanimously  chosen  as  president,  and  served  with  marked 
ability.  During  his  career  as  alderman  he  was  the  recog- 
nized leader  of  his  party,  and  introduced  many  beneficial 
measures  which  through  his  untiring  efforts  were  enacted 
into  laws. 

The   junior   member   of    the    firm,   Wilson    C.   Ely,    is 
twenty-five  years  old  and  was  educated  in  this  city.     At 
the    age     of   sixteen,    after   havnig    finished    his     school 
course,  he  was  apprenticed  to  Architect  J.  H.  Lindsley,  in  whose 
employ  he  served  four  years.     After    being  in    the  employ  of 
architects   in  this  and  New  York  City,  he  launched  out  in  busi- 
ness  for  himself  in   an  office  with   his   father.     Mr.  Ely  is  an 
instructor  in  Architectural  drawing  in  the  Free  Drawing  School 
on  Washington   Street,  which  position  he  has  filled   for  three 


PROGRESS  CLUB    HOUSE,    ON    WEST    PARK    STREET. 

years  with  credit  to  himself.  His  ability  has  been  most  fully 
displayed  in  his  plans  for  the  new  City  Hospital,  where  he  out- 
stripped thirteen  other  architects,  and  won  the  competition  by 
the  unanimous  vote  of  the  consulting  architects  and  the  com- 
mittee. The  many  friends  of  this  prosperous  firm  predict  for 
them  a  bright  future.     Their  photos  are  presented  on  this  page. 


JOHN  n.  Li.v. 


J.  J.  KRONENBERGER. 

A  YOUNG  anil  enter])rising  business  man  who  is  making  his 
energy  and  ability  felt  in  the  cigar  trade  of  this  city,  is 
Mr.  J.  J.  Kronenberger,  a  photo  of  whom  is  presented  on  Jiage 
100.  He  devotes  personal  supervision  over  every  department, 
from  the  selection  of  the  leaf  to  the  jiacking  of  the  finished 
cigars,  and  his  choicest  brands  have  the  reputation  of  being  the 
equal  of  any  cigar  on  the  market.  The  factory  is  locatetl  at 
No.  33  Darcy  Street  and  is  admirably  equipped  with  every  im- 
provement know^n  to  the  cigar  trade.  Mr.  Kronenberger  is  a 
practical  mechanic  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  profession 
in  which  he  is  engaged,  and  is  one  of  the  representative  young 
business  men  of  the  city,  who  has  made  his  mark  by  close 
attention  to  the  common  sense  side  of  business.  He  is  well 
and  favorably  known  in  the  cigar  trade  for  his  sterling  qualities 
of  honesty  and  reliability,  factors  that  have  gained  for  him  a 
good  line  of  customers  and  a  steady  and  reliable  trade. 


WILSO.S'    C.    EI.V. 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  J.,  ILLUSTRATED. 


265 


SCHILfS  PHOTOGRAPHIC   GALLERY,  CORNER  MARKET  AND  WASHINGTON  STREETS. 


266 


ESSEX  COUNTY,  N.  /..  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE   END  OF  ALL. 

AS  all  things  must  have  an  end,  whether  they  be  material  or 
human,  so  the  making  of  this  book,  though  the  work  of 
years,  must  take  its  place  amid  things  mundane  and  come  to  a 
close,  and  when  this  article  finds  its  place  where  the  letter  press 
ends,  we  can  write,  "  It  is  finished,"  and  with  grace  and  pleas- 
ure, grace  both  to  the  collator  and  writer — the  artist  never  tires 
— and  pleasure  to  the  thousands  (we  fondly  hopei,  who  will 
read  its  printed  pages  to  their  own  edification  and  scan  the 
beautiful  illustrations  with  which  it  abounds.  We  trust  that, 
when  Essex  CoUMV,  N.  J.,  Ili.USTR.^ied,  shall  have  been 
safely  launched,  and  lias  passed  the  unruly  pencils  of  selfish 
critics,  it  will  take  its  place  on  the  centre  table  to  be  studied  and 
treasured,  as  a  souvenir  should  be.     LIpon  those  who  may  |)lay 


work  is  finished,  and  the  silver  lining  (always  in  sight),  has  dis- 
appeared with  the  clouds  ;  when  thousands  have  gone  to  the 
wall,  and  projects  of  beautiful  promise  to  the  promoters  have 
either  ceased  to  live  or  are  struggling  to  exist,  while  inarching 
to  the  camping  ground  of  the  dead,  in  the  cemetery  over  yonder, 
or  lie  packed  away  in  the  "  skeleton  closet,"  waiting  for  a  more 
prosperous  time  and  the  dawning  of  a  better  day  (which  may 
never  come),  but  to  privilege  him,  of  wasted  energy,  to  take  one 
last  look  before  taking  up  his  match  to  the  cemetery  gate,  where 
thousands  of  familiar  forms  have  passed  before  him.  We  have  no 
desire  to  write  anytliing  which  may  prove  dispiriting,  but  when 
we  see  so  many  brave  and  willing  hearts  struggling  to  reach 
the  goal  of  their  ambition,  fall  by  the  way  and  find  only  that 
rest  which  was  never  vouchsafed  them  here  on  earth,  a  cloud  of 
sadness   will   come   up,  and   persistently  refuse  to   be   brushed 


the  critic  in  that  spirit  of  Iriendliness'wjiich  they  have  so  well 
earned,  we  will  pour  out  benisons  of  love,  and  ask  their  indulg- 
ence. For  the  waves  of  financial  distress  have  dashed  high  over 
the  field  of  honorable  effort,  and  have  threatened  to  overwhelm 
the  beautiful  project  ere  the  gathered  letter  press  and  illustra- 
tions should  reach  the  clever  fingers  that  were  waiting  to 
inould  them  into  such  beautiful  book  forms  as  the  book  binding 
artists  know  so  well  how  to  produce.  It  is  an  old  saying, 
and  as  true  as  Holy  Writ,  that  "  behind  the  darkest  clouds  the 
sun  is  always  shining,"  and  that  the  bellowing  whirlwinds  and 
fearful  cyclones  are  lighted  through  space  bv  their  beautiful 
silver  lining.  So,  amid  all  the  difficulties  and  dangers  which 
clogged  the  way  during  the  depressed  conditions  of  things,  this 


aside  or  leave  the  way.  This  sentence  is  not  penned  for  aught 
but  the  one  purpose,  of  drawing  men's  thoughts  to  the  "  straight 
and  narrow  way,"  and  that  they  may  take  a  look  at  the  section 
of  one  of  our  beautiful  cities  of  the  dead,  to  which  all  are  tend- 
ing, and  which  has  been,  by  our  artist,  so  marvelously  trans- 
ferred to  this  page,  with  its  beautiful  Clawson  Monument,  as  if 
standing  guard  at  the  final  roll  calling  close  up  to  the  gate,  a 
mute  witness  of  the  settlement  of  many  disputes  which  had 
their  origin  where  human  interests  cross  and  clash.  Whatever 
that  was,  be  it  large  or  small,  grave  or  gay,  has  little  to  do  when 
the  final  reckoning  is  made;  the  principals  continue  to  draw 
nearer,  till  life's  fitful  glare  is  over  and  they  shake  hands  and 
cry  quits  in  full  view  of  those  beautiful  cemetery  grounds. 


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