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ESSEX INSTITUTE
HI
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.
VOLUME XI.
SALEM, MASS.
PUBLISHED BT THE ESSEX INSTITUTE.
1872.
F
72.
E7E8
v.l /- 12.
FEINTED AT
THE SALEM PRESS.
CONTENTS.
PAET I.
Address at the Semi-centennial Anniversary of the Formation of
the Essex Historical Society, by A. C. GOODELL, ... 1
Some Notes on old Modes of Travel, by K. S. RANTOUL, . . 19
Gleanings from Files of the Court of General Sessions of the
Peace, by JAMES EJMBALL, 74
PARTS II AND in.
Memoir of Asahel Huntington, by O. P. LORD, .... 81
Ancestry and Posterity of Zaccheus Gould, by B. A. GOULD, . 115
Perkins Family of Ipswich, by G. A. PERKINS, .... 222
Notices of the Ancestry of Mrs. Susannah Ingersoll, . . . 228
Gleanings from the Files of the Court of General Sessions of
the Peace, No. 2, by JAMES EJMBALL, 235
Memorandum referring to the Evacuation of Boston by the
British Troops in 1776, 240
PART IV.
The Closing History of the Branch or Howard Street Church in
Salem, by C. C. BEAMAN, 241
Perkins Family of Ipswich, by G. A. PERKINS (continued), . 249
Extracts from the Diary of Lieut. John Preston of Salem Vil-
lage, by S. P. FOWLER, 256
The Chipman Lineage, by R. MANNING CHIPMAN, . . . 263
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE
VOL. XI. APRIL, 1871. No. 1.
ADDRESS
DELIVERED BEFORE THE ESSEX INSTITUTE ON THE SEMI-CENTEN-
NIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE
ESSEX HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
BY ABNEE C. GOODELL, JK.
ME. PRESIDENT, MEMBERS AND FRIENDS, OF THE ESSEX
INSTITUTE :
THE commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the
founding of the Essex Historical Society, from which,
by a union with the Essex County Natural History Soci-
ety started some twelve years later the Essex Insti-
tute was formed, naturally suggests, as a theme befitting
the occasion, a consideration of the interdependence of
History and the other Sciences.
All the steps in the formation and union of these soci-
eties have been so often traced, and the character and
influence of the members of the first of them, especially,
so fully and graphically described, in addresses and pub-
lications by and before the Institute, that you will hardly
2
expect from me a fresh treatment of a topic so familiar.
Indeed, the echoes of Mr. Upham's memorial address on
the lately deceased President of the Institute, in which he
has left nothing further to be said upon this subject, have
scarcely died away. You all remember his description
of the literary character of this community before the
Revolution ; of the formation of the Social Library in
1760 ; and his list of names of those gentlemen of cul-
ture whose learned conversations, in places of public
resort, or over Mr. Appleton's counter, did much, per-
haps, to mould the habits of thought and inform the mind
of Benjamin Thompson, the young Salem apprentice, who,
later in life, was the first to demonstrate, experimentally,
what Faraday has declared to be "the highest law in physi-
cal science which our faculties permit us to perceive"
the conservation and correlation of forces. Nor can you
have forgotten how strikingly our associate exhibited the
attainments of that group of scholars and men of science,
who, fifty years ago to-day, resolved upon the formation,
in this place, of a society devoted to civil and natural
history.
It needed not his eloquence, surely, to quicken our
pride at the recollection of those great names. Story,
who presided at the first meeting, now recognized alike
in Westminster Hall, at Heidelberg, at Paris, and in our
own courts, as a leading expounder of some of the most
intricate problems of jurisprudence ; Bowditch, not only
the translator, but the interpreter, of the profound calcu-
lations of La Place, in celestial mechanics ; and White
and Pickering who, in the most scholarly and faithful
manner, jointly prepared the first American critical edi-
tion of Sallust, and the latter of whom has given to us,
as one of the results of his extensive philological studies,
the first Greek and English Lexicon, are names worthy
to grace the rolls of any society of learned men. Nor
are their less conspicuous associates and successors to be
overlooked or forgotten. To say, merely, that they were
men of rare accomplishments is to fail, as Mr. Upham
has shown, in sufficiently recognizing their important con-
tributions to the education and refinement of society about
them, and to the advancement of science.
Leaving, then, the history of the origin and growth of
this society as a task already well accomplished, let us
pursue the theme at first propose<J.
A brief comparison of some salient features of every-
day life, now, and fifty years ago, will serve, appositely,
I think, to illustrate my argument.
No doubt the American citizen of 1821 felicitated him-
self that he was born in an age so auspicious. For more
than a generation American Independence had been an
accomplished fact. The recent prowess of our navy, in
conflict with the first and bravest maritime power in the
world, had fanned the flame of patriotic pride not less
than had the achievements of Franklin in science, and the
success of our statesmen in constitutional law and diplo-
macy ; and the hopes of stability and progress for the
Republic were well assured. The telescope was an old
invention, and the microscope had been used here more
than a century. Gunpowder, the mariner's compass, the
art of printing, the astronomy of Copernicus, knowledge
of the law of gravitation, the use of logarithms, true
principles of chemistry, the circumnavigation of the globe,
and great additions to our stock of geographical knowl-
edge, improvements in the art of navigation, the ex-
tension of commerce, the solution of important problems
of trade, the discovery of the circulation of the blood,
and vaccination, the construction of turnpikes and im-
proved roads, and the commencement of the application
of steam to fixed machinery and to locomotion, were all
actual achievements, which seemed to complete the long
progress of civilization and to render all hopes of a
greater future illusory and vain.
Yet, viewed from our present stand-point, even then,
how much of physical comfort and luxury was unknown,
and how insufficiently were the higher wants of our na-
ture supplied !
There were, then, no furnaces to warm our dwelling-
houses and our public halls ; no anthracite coal in grate
or stove ; no gas to illuminate our streets and jbuildings ;
the ordinary table fare in fruits and vegetables, espe-
cially lacked variety and delicacy; furniture was sim-
ply-contrived and expensive ; and clothing was so dear
and wardrobes so meagre, among the masses, as not only
to limit the gratification of taste in dress, but to have
produced intolerable inconvenience, had the modern no-
tions respecting personal cleanliness generally prevailed.
For amusements, our people were contented with the
feats of the strolling juggler, occasional shows of a few
wild animals, theatrical performances in our larger cities,
assemblies, dinner-parties, singing-schools, and the parades
of the militia. Our gardens, then as now, the source of
the purest and healthiest delight, were neither numerous
nor large. They seldom contained more than a single
variety of the peony, three or four varieties of the tulip,
as many, perhaps, of bush-roses and pinks, lilies, holly-
hocks, balsams, daffodils, lilacs, marigolds, poppies and a
small company of less conspicuous flowers, mostly an-
nuals.
There were, then, no courses of public lectures, no il-
lustrated magazines and newspapers, indeed, what news-
papers there were, were mainly filled with local and polit-
itical controversial articles, bitter, personal attacks, and
heavy, stilted disquisitions on matters of small impor-
tance. The reviewers and scientific journalists had, it is
true, begun their labors, but they wrote for a limited cir-
cle of scholars and thinkers, and depended upon their
pecuniary, as well as intellectual, aid for existence.
There were then no free schools for girls,* no English
high schools for boys, and no normal schools for either
sex. Railroads had not then superseded stage-coaches,
and the electric telegraph was not dreamed of. American
art was scarcely known ; and our few larger libraries were
defective, poorly arranged and not easily accessible.
What a contrast to this picture does our present condi-
tion afford ! when the telegraph brings us almost hourly
intelligence from Paris and San Francisco, and informs our
merchants of the arrival of their ships in Arabia on the
same day promising, presently, to more than fulfil the
extravagant engagement of Puck to
" put a girdle round about the earth in forty minutes ; "
when our railroads stretch across continents, and ex-
change the produce of the Zones without transhipment ;
when the steamship, like a shuttle, weaves the strong
web of amity and common interest between the opposite
shores of oceans ; when newspapers convey to every
family daily intelligence from all lands, and upon all sub-
jects ; when exhibitions of the highest mechanical skill
and galleries of art are opened to the public, and our best
schools and libraries are free ; when, in short, the common
laborer has the means of being better fed, clad, amused
*This statement may require some qualification. In the country, children of
both sexes generally attended the same schools, which were not graded; but,
usually, in the larger towns, the girls were only permitted to attend, for recitation,
after the boys were dismissed. In Boston, as I am informed by Mr. Philbrick, the
accomplished superintendent of schools, no provision was made for the free
instruction of girls until 1789, when they were permitted to attend the grammar-
schools for half the year. Upon the establishment of primary schools, in 1818.
pupils of both sexes were admitted; but it was not until 1828 that girls were
allowed to attend the grammar-schools during the whole school year.
6
and instructed than the most favored citizen could have
been two generations ago, and, if he chooses, can live a
larger life, with more solid enjoyment, than wealth could
then purchase or royalty command. Nor is this all : the
increase of knowledge and more complete dominion over
nature have been accompanied by the amelioration of laws
and manners, and a larger measure of national liberty ;
feudal customs have become extinct ; systems of involun-
tary servitude have been abolished ; the rights of individ-
uals, including freedom of thought and of speech, in a
great measure, established not only here but all over the
civilized world ; and the thoughts of leading minds, in all
pursuits, rationally directed to the great problems of life
and destiny, and the earnest consideration of how the
welfare of mankind may be best promoted.
To the question " To what are we indebted for all this
improvement?" there is but one final and sufficient an-
swer ; and that is, simply, THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE.
This Protean actor has played new parts throughout the
whole cyclopaedia. The venerable science of Astronomy
has, during the last half-century, been advanced by im-
provements in the finish and machinery of the telescope ;
and, besides the discovery of many asteroids and comets,
and the calculation of their orbits, the world has, in that
period, witnessed, in the discovery of the planet Neptune,
an unprecedented triumph of science. Herschel's discov-
ery of Uranus was accidental ; but the calculation by
which Le Verrier fixed the position and revealed the pres-
ence of Neptune, is an illustration of the perfection, and
the wonderful prophetic power, which this grand science
has attained a science the s} 7 stematic prosecution of
which in this country, dates hardly further back than the
year 1843.
Besides the telescope, two other great aids to man's
natural powers of observation are the products of the
last half-century ; I refer to the improved microscope,
and the spectroscope. To the perfection of the former,
we are indebted for the resolution of many obscure points
in physiology, arid the discovery and classification of a
vast number of curious phenomena in crystallography,
and in the lower and more minute forms of organic life ;
while the latter has afforded to chemistry a test incon-
ceivably delicate and sure, and to astronomy a positive
answer to questions which, but a few years ago, seemed
hopelessly beyond the province of actual knowledge.
Chemistry has, during the same period, performed for
the arts the most valuable services. It has created the art
of photography, and conveniently supplied to pharmacy
many valuable remedies. By its new and powerful ex-
plosive agents it has enabled man to quickly penetrate
and remove the hardest and most formidable natural bar-
riers, and, by its improved processes in metallurgy, it has
helped to people regions hitherto uninhabited, largely in-
creased the supply of coin, and proclaimed the opening
of the age of steel. Electricity has been made to oper-
ate the telegraph, and to reduce the cost, and accelerate
the process, of printing; and the discovery of the anaes-
thetic properties of ether and chloroform has greatly les-
sened human suffering.
Cuvier had publicly laid the foundation of modern
zoology only four years before the event we now com-
memorate ; and since that date the natural system in bot-
any has become firmly established. Within fifty years
geology and palaeontology have triumphed over obstinate
prejudices and formidable opposition, and archaeology has
risen to the dignity of a true science. Linguistic science
dates its origin from the writings of Bopp, on compara-
tive philology, which were first published in 1827 ; and
ethnology is just starting upon a new career.
8
This is but an imperfect sketch of some of the recent
achievements of science ; and when we consider only the
more immediate results of these and other discoveries
and improvements, in their application to the practical
needs and purposes of life, we can hardly fail to ascribe
to its legitimate cause the corresponding advance of civ-
ilization, and shall clearly perceive that the relations of
science to history are intimate and important.
Indeed, history which fails to recognize the active
agency of science in the affairs of men and nations, nay,
which is not penetrated and guided by this idea, ceases
to be history and becomes either mere speculation, or,
what Bolingbroke characterized another superficial kind
of narrative, "a dry register of useless anecdotes."
The interdependence of the natural and physical sciences
is plainly evident. How closely related, for instance,
are mathematics and optics to astronomy, palaeontology
to recent zoology, comparative philology to ethnology,
and spectrum analysis to chemistry and astronomy. To
chemistry even the fine arts are indebted for photography,
which has created the pre-Raphaelite school of painters,
as defined by Ruskin, with all their fidelity to nature,
their delicacy, and freedom from exaggeration and false
luxuriance of style.
In like manner, the closest relations subsist between
geology, palaeontology, archaeology and philology on the
one hand, and history on the other. Indeed, what are
these sciences but histories of the period unknown to tra-
dition and prior to the invention of letters ? The great
questions, now agitated by the scientific world, respecting
the origin and primitive state of mankind, are as im-
portant to the historian as to the zoologist ; and whether
the arguments of later investigators in this field are sus-
tained or refuted , the experimental facts they have gath-
ered and attested, must carry us a great way toward the
ultimate truth respecting the beginnings of human exist-
ence, and the history of our savage progenitors in their
earliest and lowest condition.
The science of human physiology, too, has a direct
bearing upon history. It helps the historian to avoid
errors into which he is liable to be drawn, by the force of
dominant ideas, and teaches him when to suspect illusion
in others. Mental epidemics, sectional and national ani-
mosities, the antipathies of races and castes, and other
causes of sudden and general motions in the social and
political state oftentimes of momentous consequence
cannot be properly characterized or explained, without
the aid which physiological and ethnological science afford.
Let us not confound the history of science, with history
written upon a scientific basis, and guided by correct ob-
servation and appreciation of those intimate and profound
relations of things and events, which science discloses.
History has been well said to be philosophy teaching by
examples : it is, not less truly, science applied to the
progress of human events. The historian who under-
takes not only to recount, but to interpret events, should
collate, study, and digest his data with the same care, dil-
igence and freedom from prepossession, that the most
careful man of science would deem necessary in the
pursuit of his specialty. His conclusions should be in-
ductions ; and, moreover, he should so test his obser-
vations and deductions, both with reference to his own
possible misapprehension, and to the weight and credi-
bility of evidence, as to exclude, in anything he may
affirm, all chances of error from distorted or partial views
or sheer delusion.
A single instance in point may illustrate my meaning.
Probably, the most interesting and important phenomena
10
of psychology have been exhibited, in this country and in
Europe, within the last twenty -four years, in what are
called " the manifestations of spiritualism." Rightly un-
derstood these phenomena, it would seem, offer a key to
almost all the spiritual mysteries of former times ; and
nothing, of a similar nature, in history is better supported
by human testimony, whether we regard the nearness of
the events, or the number, character and sincerity of the
witnesses ; yet, by applying to these phenomena the rigid
tests which science prescribes, the historian is obliged, in
spite of the earnest protests of a multitude of believers,
to exclude all the alleged phenomena which exceed or con-
flict with well-established scientific laws, from his list of
proved and admitted facts ; and, for the present, at least,
they, necessarily, take their place, in history, as subjective
impressions and not as objective realities.
The use of statistics affords an example of a purely sci-
entific method applied to history ; and it was a true say-
ing of Schlozer, the pupil of the founder of this science,
that "statistics is history at a stand ; history is statistics
in a state of progression." The importance of statistics
to political economy is now practically acknowledged the
world over ; and census-returns and public registers are
prepared by all civilized governments in such a manner
as to be easily digested into tables adapted to show the
comparative condition of society, in the most important
particulars, at different periods. Carried still further,
this science could be made vastly more serviceable, not
only in solving problems in political economy, but in
measuring the progress of ideas, faiths and other mental
phenomena, changes of manners and customs, and, gener-
ally, in contributing to the history of civilization. In-
deed, there seems to be no surer basis for sound induction
and generalization, in all matters relating to the progress
11
of human events ; and, simply, because the method pur-
sued is purely scientific.
If it is true, then, that history is dependent upon sci-
ence for its only proper method, its tests and many of its
most interesting facts, it is not less true that science is
indebted to history for its preservation and expansion.
As printing is the art preservative of arts, so is history
the science preservative of sciences. Science cannot exist
in isolated phenomena ; it requires condition, comparison,
relation or combination ; there must be the copula and
predicate as well as the subject ; and these denote an his-
torical fact, even if they be presented simultaneously.
By history, alone, can science exhibit the order and
procession of discovery ; and, like a child to its nurse,
must it look to history to learn its age and the story of
its growth. Every part of science which is not learned
by original discovery is learned from history, no matter
what name the record assumes, or in what guise it appears.
All the known laws and data of established science are
historical facts ; and the story of Galvani and the frog, or
of Newton and the apple, and the discoveries to which
these incidents led, are as truly historical as the assassina-
tion of Caesar, or the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.
The historian's art is indispensable to the man of sci-
ence in all his larger generalizations ; since only by this
means can the higher laws of relation and tendency be
discerned ; and a master of science should never think of
his speciality but with reference to the succession of ob-
servations and discoveries which have accumulated until
they have gained for it a place in the circle of the sci-
ences. Your best scientific treatises are strictly historical,
albeit their chronology may be brief and the events few.
Finally, the whole tendency of modern philosophy con-
strains us to believe that history and science, conjointly,
12
have a nobler work to accomplish than the world has yet
witnessed ; and that is, to solve the problem of the great
end of human existence, to furnish a positive test of good
and evil, and to define the nature, indicate the course, and
demonstrate the obligations of duty. It is a lamentable
fact that the world, even the Christian world, is not yet
agreed upon a system of ethics. The philosophy of mor-
als is at best essentially dogmatic, or the creature of spec-
ulations profound, perhaps, often wise, and always well-
meaning ; but still very far removed from the certainty
of scientific induction. I do not attempt to say what the
true system is, nor whether its discoverer and expounder
has appeared ; but I firmly believe that we are not always
to grope through an
" infinite, dark, and fathomless abyss,"
but that science and history, mutually acting, are, some
day, to unfold to us a system of moral philosophy built
upon positive foundations and commanding universal
assent ; so that the .solution of ethical questions may be
made with the regularity and certainty of mathematics.
History cannot take its first step, nor philosophy exist,
without some theory of human duty constantly in view.
It may be purely speculative, or it may be accepted upon
authority ; but the recognition of some system is implied
in the very idea of history or philosophy. Yet what
widely different theories of right have been adopted by
historians and parties in all ages ! In English history,
for instance, is it settled what picture we shall accept
as genuine of Henry VIII, Mary of Scotland, Mary
of England, Elizabeth, Charles I, Cromwell and the
Puritans? Within the last fifty years what utterly
diverse conclusions have been arrived at respecting the
admitted facts of the careers of the first and the third
13
Napoleons ; and what totally opposite ideas of morality
have been advanced and sedulously maintained in the ter-
rible controversies now happily ended concerning
American Slavery ! What umpire shall decide for us ?
What test shall, in future, be applied to redeem history
from the reproach of empiricism and uncertainty ?
The conviction that such conflicts must be reconciled ;
that error springs from partial views ; that all truth is con-
sistent in the aggregate and in all its parts ; that a uni-
form law pervades and characterizes all the motions of
life, referring them to some great, ultimate purpose ; and
that this law has been revealed, partially and by glimpses,
to the expounders of all systems, has drawn modern
philosophy to adopt the method of history, by which she
hopes to detect this law, and trace it to its end ; or, often-
er, assuming that she has discovered it, she resorts to
history to vindicate her right of discovery, and to show
how this continuous line of truth, extending through all
philosophical systems, has developed, at last, into har-
monious perfection in the particular system proposed.
If, with the historical method, she combines the induc-
tive processes of science, and limits herself to the study
of experimental truth distinguishing between mental
impressions and real phenomena she will make, let us
believe, if not as high excursions, a more certain progress
toward the desired goal, which it would be distrusting
Providence to believe is not attainable.
Here let us revert to the event we commemorate, and
consider the proofs of their wisdom who founded, in the
joint interests of history and science, the society out of
which this Institute has sprung.
What then existed only in an act of incorporation and
a name, now offers for public use, in this large and com-
modious building, a library of twenty-six thousand bound
It
volumes, more than one hundred thousand pamphlets,
and two thousand five hundred volumes of newspapers,
bound and unbound, including duplicates.
On the other side of the library hall, the Athenaeum
displays nearly fourteen thousand volumes more, in every
department of literature.
Our publications embrace the three numbers of the
Journal of the Natural History Society, six volumes of
Proceedings, ten volumes of Historical Collections, and
an eleventh volume already begun. To these must be
added besides some occasional publications two vol-
umes of the "Monthly Bulletin" and five volumes of the
"Naturalist."
These publications have been well circulated and have
received merited attention at home and abroad. The
"Naturalist," especially, which is now published under
the auspices of the Peabody Academy of Science, has
been, without exception, most favorably noticed by scien-
tific and literary critics here and in Europe.
Our Cabinets, in 1866, contained about fifty-five thou-
sand classified specimens in the various branches of natu-
ral history. These and other specimens not then arranged
have been united with those in the East India Marine
Hall, and they, together, number several hundreds of
thousands. These united collections the Peabody Acad-
emy of Science has in charge ; but they are available for
use to members of the Institute, and all other students of
science, on the most liberal terms.
In numismatics, ethnological specimens, and manu-
scripts our collections are considerable ; and the fine arts,
embraced, by the recent amendment to our act of incor-
poration, among the objects of the Institute, are begin-
ning to receive special attention particularly the art of
music.
15
The public have always been invited to participate in
our studies, and enjoy the advantages which the Institute
offers, upon almost equal terms with our members ; and
while the State has had the use of the rare collection of
the Province laws in our library, our cabinets have fur-
nished nearly all the typical specimens from which one
of our associates has made the drawings used in the
preparation of the recent work on the invertebrates of
Massachusetts, published by authority of the Common-
wealth.
Finally, we have established a printing-office, which,
though not now connected with the Institute, continues to
perform all our typographical work in a style not excelled
by any other press in the country.
All this, and much more, has been the result of grad-
ual and quiet growth. No Maecenas has showered his
golden bounty upon us, nor have we received the lar-
gesses of the State ; but by slow and silent processes, un-
der wise and prudent direction, those who are most to be
benefited by such an institution, the people drawn
by the various attractions which are embraced by its con-
stitution, have built it up, rendered it symmetrical, and
enlarged and strengthened its foundations.
Throughout our career we have had no jealousies, no
divisions, no conflicts ; but science and literature have
gone hand in hand to prove that wisdom's "ways are ways
of pleasantness and all her paths are peace." There has
not even been a generous rivalry between the workers
in the different departments of learning who have labored
here, side by side, in a common cause. To adopt the
words which were lately applied to our oldest university
by its President, in his admirable inaugural address, the
Institute " recognizes no real antagonism between litera-
ture and science:" nay, we go further; we claim to
16
have shown that the true interests of both are identical,
and their success mutually dependent.
As the representative of the historical department of
the Institute, I am proud to attest to the joy with which
we all received the announcement of the munificent pro-
vision of Mr. Peabody, for the promotion of science in
this county, through the instrumentality of those devoted,
hard-working, young men who composed the scientific
side of this body ; and, I certainly utter the sentiments
of the Institute, as a whole, when I, also, express our
sense of the immeasurable obligations we are under to
the great disciple of Cuvier, who, for half the period we
are to-day looking back upon, has been disseminating a
knowledge of the correct principles of natural science in
this, the land of his adoption, and to whom his pupils,
our associates, are so much indebted for the methods of
observation and reflection by which they have won an en-
viable fame ; for their knowledge of, and interest in, the
progress of their European collaborators ; and for their
unfaltering, enthusiastic devotion to science through years
of discouragement, toil, trial and sacrifice.
Lovers of history and antiquities are, it is commonly
thought, habitually conservative. Constant retrospection
is apt to beget undue regard for the past and aversion
and distrust of novelties. Science, on the other hand, is,
to its votaries, nothing if not new. Yet here, where these
different dispositions are certainly as strongly marked as
in any other body, no offence has been given and no dis-
cord ensued. Our connection with our scientific associ-
ates has made us so familiar with the great truths of
nature, which it is their province to seek out and eluci-
date, that we are no longer startled by the free discussion
of those phenomena which have led men of science, every-
where, to modify their interpretation of, or assent to, the
17
Mosaic cosmogony, and to reject the chronology of New-
ton. We do not hesitate to follow science in condemning
as visionary many notions generally received as truths
fifty years ago ; and some theories then entertained ap-
pear to us now as absurd as the cycles and epicycles of
Ptolemy.
Yet the effect of scientific progress has been not to
abate our reverence, but, by extending the limits of
actual knowledge, to exalt our ideas of the greatness,
harmony, minute economy, and regularity of Creative
Power ; and, by depriving them of all appearance of finite
and material qualities, to render more venerable the mys-
terious objects of faith.
If I should attempt to portray the results of the educa-
tion which this miniature university, with its democratic
organization, its wide range of pursuits, and its free
and health}' discipline, is calculated to bestow, I should
show you a mind many-sided ; intensely curious as to all
the phenomena of nature and all the concerns of life ;
exact and complete in what it professes to know ; ready
to receive any and all truth, yet not rashly venturing
upon experiments, nor given to drawing conclusions from
uncertain premises ; as far removed from envy and cov-
etous ambition, as from indifference to anything that con-
cerns the welfare and happiness of mankind ; large of
comprehension yet laborious and exact in details: know-
ing no science, no phenomenon of mind or matter un-
worthy of study, and holding sacred every law of nature ;
ever industrious in the serious avocations of life, yet ever
contriving how to make them pleasurable and recreative ;
intent on gathering and treasuring the relics of the past
because of their possible interest and value for the future ;
the associate and counsellor of age, and the friend and
genial companion of youth ; aiding, both by precept and
18
example, to interest all others in its own special work,
and taking an equal interest in the pursuits of others ;
above all, disturbed by no fears that coming generations
will undo the work of to-day, or that the mass of our
fellow men may not be trusted to work out their own des-
tiny in the best possible manner; and looking, for the
conservation of truth, to the general intelligence of man-
kind rather than to edifices and institutions erected and
maintained by the few.
BROTHERS AND SISTERS : If, in the picture I present,
you discern the lineaments of one still living and long
may he be spared to us in whom the Institute may be
said, reverently and truly, to have lived and moved and
had its being that "guide, philosopher and friend" to
whom the whole community, and we in particular, are so
deeply indebted ; who, with rare industry, and utter
suppression of self, for more than a generation, has de-
voted to the upbuilding of this institution his time, learn-
ing, talents and all his energies ; whom ambition has not
allured from his chosen path of duty, nor bereavements
secluded ; consider, that the likeness is but another illus-
tration of the invariable relations of cause and effect,
that the school must take its cast from the genius of its
founder; and that the only return which it is possible
for us to make him, and that he will accept, is so to imi-
tate his example that this our " gentle mother," may have
sons and daughters able and worthy to take up and carry
on the work which he shall leave undone.
SOME NOTES ON OLD MODES OF TRAVEL.
BEAD AT THE INSTITUTE, FEB. 4, 1868, AND MARCH 2, 1870.
BY BOBEET 8. KANTOUL.
" You may ride in an hour or two, if you will,
From Halibut Point to Beacon Hill,
With the sea beside you all the way,
Through the pleasant places that skirt the Bay;
By Gloucester Harbor and Beverly Beach,
Salem Witch-haunted, Nahant's long reach,
Blue-bordered Swampscott and Chelsea's wide
Marshes, laid bare to the drenching tide,
With a glimpse of Saugus spire in the west,
And Maiden hills wrapped in hazy rest.
All this you watch idly, and more by far,
From the cushioned seat of a railway-car.
But in days of witchcraft it was not so ;
City-bound travellers had to go
Horseback over a blind, rough road,
Or as part of a jolting wagon-load
Of garden-produce and household goods,
Crossing the fords, half-lost in the woods,
By wolves and red-skins frightened all day,
And the roar of lions, some histories say.
If a craft for Boston were setting sail,
Very few of a passage would fail
Who had trading to do in the three-hilled town ;
For they might return ere the sun was down."
Peggy SKgh's Voyage.
When this region of ours was first colonized by Euro-
peans, they contented themselves for a time with the rude
means of conveyance and transportation known to their
savage neighbors. The favorite way to Boston, Ply-
mouth, and Cape Ann, was by water. The "dug-out"
was much in use, being a pine log twenty feet long and
two and one-half feet wide, in which they sometimes
" went fowling two leagues to sea." These " cannowes "
seem to have been inspected at stated intervals, by a
20
town surveyor, and passed or condemned according to
their fitness for further service. It was in swimming for
one of these, from a desire to visit the Indian Village at
"Northfield," that Governor Winthrop's son Henry, on
the day after his arrival at Salem, was drowned in the
North River. In one of these boats, no doubt, Roger
Conant might often be seen making his way up Bass
River, to visit his farm of two hundred acres, near the
" great pond side." And Governor Endicott's little sloop-
boat, or "shallop," flits across the pages of the ancient
records, as, no doubt she walked the waters of the bay
and rivers, like a thing of life.
The condition of the trail, which was the only land
transit between Salem and Boston, is indicated by two
contemporary writers of the first authority. On the 12th
of April, 1631, Gov. Endicott wrote to Gov. Winthrop
the following letter from Salem.
"Right Worshipful: I did expect to have been with
you in person at the Court, and to that end I put to sea
yesterday, and was driven back again, the wind being
stiff against us. And there being no canoe or boat at
Saugus, I must have been constrained to go to Mystic,
and thence afoot to Charlestown, which, at that time
durst not be so bold, my body being, at this present, in
an ill condition to wade or take cold. * * * The
eel-pots you sent for are made, which I had in my boat,
hoping to have brought them with me." * * * *
It will be observed that these worthies were not the
plodders of the Colony. Their . position insured them
the best travelling facilities the times afforded. Gov.
Winthrop wrote in his Journal, Oct. 25th, 1631, "The
Governor, with Capt. Underhill and other of the officers,
went on foot to Saugus, and next day to Salem, where
they were bountifully entertained by Capt. Endicott, and
21
on the 28th, they returned to Boston by the ford at
Saugtis River and so over at Mystic."
In 1637, Gov. Winthrop passed through Salem on foot,
with a large escort, on his way to and from Ipswich, and
next year, visited Salem by water and returned by land.
The first party of Salem people who visited Boston after
its settlement, are said to have spent four days on the
way, and on the following Sabbath, to have put up a note
of thanks, in our First Church (now restored and stand-
ing in the rear of Plummer Hall) for their safe guidance
and return.
In 1650, as we learn frpm Parkman's "France and
England in North America," the first essay was made, at
the instance of the Colony of Massachusetts, towards
negotiating a reciprocity treaty between these English
settlements and the French colonies in Canada. A Jesuit
ambassador from Quebec set out in company with a con-
verted Indian chief, to visit Boston, and secure the
military aid of this colony against the Iroquois, in con-
sideration of some privileges of trade to be granted by
the French. He made his way from "Kepane" (Cape
Ann), where he was forced ashore by stress of weather,
to Charlestown "partly on foot partly in boats along
shore," and from that peninsula the priest crossed by boat
to Boston, probably the first Romanist who ever re-
ceived a welcome in this Puritan Colony. On return-
ing, he stopped at Salem, and dined with Gov. Endicott,
who, he says, spoke French.
Some felling of trees and lifting of rocks was needed
to convert these muddy trails into bridle-paths, and then
the colonist moved about through the forest, accompanied
by good-wife on a pillion behind,* and followed per-
haps by a pack-horse, sweating under well stuffed pan-
* Dunton's Journal 1686. I. Felt 313.
niers. "Such a way as a man may travel on horse back,
or drive cattle," the court ordered laid out by Eichard
Brackenbury, Mr. Conant and others, from the ferry at
Salem; to Jeffrie's Creek, now Manchester. Poets sing
false, or the saddle was sometimes mounted on the backs of
cattle, in those early days, as now-a-days in San Domingo.
'Then, from a stall near at hand, amid exclamations of ^wonder,
' Alden, the thoughtful, the careful, so happy, so proud of Priscilla,
Brought out his snow-white Bull, obeying the hand of its master,
Led by a chord that was tied to an iron ring in its nostrils,
Covered with crimson cloth and a cushion placed for a saddle.
She should not walk, he said, through the dust and heat of the noon-day,
Nay, she should ride like a Queen, not plqd along like a peasant.
Somewhat alarmed at first, but reassured by the others,
Placing her hand on the cushion, her loot in the hand of her husband,
Gaily, with joyous laugh, Priscilla mounted her palfrey."
After the bridle-paths came the roads. The configura-
tion of our surface did not favor the use of canals and we
escaped that dreary stage in the development of trans-
portation. Roads multiplied apace, but they were con-
structed not so much on mathematical, as on social prin-
ciples. Nothing is more entertaining to the idler, than
to trace out some old abandoned lane, wandering between
crooked walls choked up. with underbrush of barberry,
alderberry, rose-bush, fern and bramble arched with
grand old elms, and seemingly leading nowhere. Some
dilapidated cellar-wall or ruined well soon answers the
question, " whither wilt thou lead me ? " The pioneers
built their homes where the soil was tempting, the slopes
attractive, and material at hand. Villages were small
and infrequent. Hence roads were made to reach the
homesteads of single colonists, and not with prime regard
to directness between town and town. And as the dis-
tance around a hill was no greater than over it, and the
cost of excavating must be avoided, these roads, in un-
even places, became still more circuitous, from the hills
they encountered. Their original cost has been expended
23
many times over, in widening, straightening, and leveling
them, so that the curious observer will find on either side
of the present road, grass-grown bits of the old highway
leading off a little, and soon returning to it.
An old family of the county have been in the habit of
making a yearly pilgrimage from Cape Ann to Andover,
over the road as it was two or three generations back,
faithfully tracing out, wherever it was possible, each ox-
bow in the way, with its ancient trees and low-roofed
farm-house and well-sweep and brook. Hawthorne has
thus described one of the most tempting of these lovely
by-ways, in his account of "Browne's Folly," written for
the Institute in 1860.
"Along its base ran a green and seldom trodden lane,
with which I was very familiar in my boyhood ; and there
was a little brook, which I remember to have dammed up
till its overflow made a mimic ocean. When I last looked
for this tiny streamlet, which was still rippling freshly
through my memory, I found it strangely shrunken ; a
mere ditch indeed, and almost a dry one. But the green
lane was still there, precisely as I remembered it ; two
wheel tracks, and the beaten path of the horses' feet, and
grassy strips between ; the whole overshadowed by tall
locust trees, and the prevalent barberry bushes, which are
rooted so fondly into the recollections of every Essex
man."
These old roads belonged to the period when a journey
to Boston was a thing to be thought of for days before
hand and only to be embarked on in pleasant weather.
Dobbin must be brought in from pasture be rested and
fed up a little, and have his shoes looked to the "one-
hoss shay," with its capacity for stowage like that of the
ark,
" Thorough-brace bison skin, thick and wide,
Boot, top, dasher of tough old hide
Found in the pit when the tanner died ;"
24
this lumbering conveyance was to be cleaned up over
night and its wheels put in order the Sunday suit must
be aired and dusted, and when at last, the eventful morn-
ing dawned fresh and fair, and the leave-taking of several
generations was accomplished, the journey of the day
was to be performed, by not too burthensome stages, re-
lieved by episodes of breakfast and baiting at the " Crea-
ture Comfort," or some other favorite half-way house, and
a scrupulous withdrawal of Dobbin from the too active in-
fluence of the mid-day sun.
A few figures will show how much distances from
point to point have been reduced. We find the follow-
ing in "Travis's Almanac," Boston, 1713.
"From Boston to Portsmouth, (Ferry's excepted) 62
Miles, thus accounted.
From Winisimit, to Owens 4 Miles, to Lewes' 1 s 2 &
half, to the Sign of the .Galley at /Salem 9, to the Ferry
at Beverly 1, to Fisks at Wenham 5, to Cromtons at Ips-
wich 6, to Bennets at Rowley 3 & half, (which is called
the half way house) to Sargeants at Neivbury, the upper
way by Thurrel's Bridge 8, but from Rowley the right
hand way by the Ferry is but 7 to said Sargeants, to
Trues, or to Pikes Gate at Salisbury 2 & half, to Nor-
tons at Hampton 4 & half, to Sherbons at said Town 2, to
Johnsons at Greenland 8 & half, and to Harvies at the
three Tons at Portsmouth 5 Miles & half."
In April, 1775, Col. Pickering marched his regiment
from Salem on the alarm of the fight at Lexington. To
explain his tardiness in reaching the scene of action, he
gives these distances in h'is journal. Salem to Danvers,
2 miles ; to Ne well's in Lynn, 7 miles ; to Maiden, 6
miles; to Medford, 3 miles; to Boston, 4 miles ; making
the route from Salem to Boston, towards the close of the
last century, 22 miles.
The character of the public houses of the time, is
25
closely allied to our subject. The "Sign of the Galley
at Salem," mentioned by Travis, was, no doubt, the
" Ship Tavern," on School street, at the corner of what
are now Church and Washington streets, the old Gov-
ernor's house, brought up by water from Cape Ann,
and rebuilt there and successively occupied by Conant and
Endicott. It was kept, in 1713, by Henry Sharp, who,
in 1701, advertised a calash to let, the first recorded in-
stance of such a convenience in Salem. Modern travel-
lers would hardly think these inns well described by the
term " ordinary," under which they were licensed. They
were conditioned to allow no tippling after nine at night ;
the house must be cleared on week-day lecture of all per-
sons able to attend meeting ; no cakes or buns to be sold,
this was in 1637, on fine of ten shillings, the prohibition
not to extend to cakes "made for any buryall or marriage,
or such like special occation." In 1645, the widow of an
innholder is licensed "if she procure a fitt man, that is
Godly, to manage the business." In 1659, the law for-
bids dancing at Taverns, and as late as 1759, the sale of
spirits, wines, coffee, tea, ale, beer and "syder" on the
Sabbath.
At the middle of the last century a New York mer-
chant, supercargo on board the ship "Tartar Galley,"
from New York for London, was disabled when a few
days out, and put in to Boston for repairs. While de-
tained there he seems to have moved among what he
terms the " best Fashion in Boston." I make room for a
passage from his Journal. *
"October 19th, 1750. While at breakfast Mr. Nathan-
iel Cunningham waited on me at Capt. Wendell's, agree-
able to promise & furnished me with a horse to go to
* New England Hist, and Gen. Keg., January, 1870.
26
Salem, being very desirous to see the country. Sett out
about 10 o'clock. * * * Cross'd Charles Towne
Ferry. * * * About 2 miles from thence we crosst
Penny Ferry which is better than mile over." Being
the neighest way to Salem. From this to Mr. Ward's is
about 8 miles, and is about a mile this side of Lyn which
is a small Country Towne of ab't 200 Houses very pleas-
antly situated, & affords a Beautifull Rural Prospect ; we
came to Mr. Ward's about one o'clock and dynd on fryd
Codd. From this place is about 7 miles to Salem. After
dinner having refreshed ourselves with a glass of wine
sett out on our journey through a barren rocky country
which afforded us not the least prospect of anything but
a desart country, abounding with Loffty Ragged Rocks a
fine Pastering Ground only for their Sheep, the Rhoads
are exceeding stony and the country but thinly peopled."
Oct. 19th. Arrived at Salem ab't 3 a Clock put up
our Horses at the Wid'o Prats from whence went to See
Coll. William Browne * where drank Tea with his Spouse,
after which Mr. Browne was so Good as to Accomodate
us with a Walk round the Towne, Shewing us the wharfs
warehouses &c., went up in the Steeple of the Church,
from whence had a Fine View of the Town, Harbour, &c.,
which is Beautyfully Situated From which have a View of
Mr. Brownes Country Seatf which is Situated on a Heigh
Hill ab't 6 Miles Eastward of Salem Spent the Evening at
his House where Joynd in Company by Parson Appleton J
and Miss Hetty his daughter from Cambridge they Being
Acquaintence of Mr. and Mrs. Browne we Supd togeather
and after that where Very merry, at Whist, &c.
* Col. Browne was, at one time, a conspicuous character in Salem. He probably
married the daughter of Gov. Burnet while the latter resided in Mass. His son,
Col. William Brown, was a prominent loyalist. Felt's Annals of Salem ; Picker-
ing's Life of Timothy Pickering ; Sabine's Am. Loyalists.
f "Browne's Folly;" see Ante, p. 23, and Stone's History of Beverly, p. 6.
t Rev. Nathaniel Appleton, D. D.
27
Oct. 20th. Lodg'd at Mr. Brownes ; after Breakfast
Saunterd round the Towne mayking Our Observations
on the Build's &c. Dynd at his House after Dinner had a
Good Deal Conversation with him upon Various Subjects
he being a Gent'u of Excellent Parts well Adversed in
Leaturate a Good Scholar a Great Vertuosa and Lover of
the Liberal Arts and Sciences haveing an Extroardenary
Library of Books of the Best Ancient and Modern Authors
about 3 a Clock we Sett out in his Coach for his Country
Seat rideing trough a Pleasent Country and fine Rhoads
we arived there at 4 a Clock the Situation is very Airy
Being upon a Heigh Hill which Over Looks the Country
all Round and affords a Pleasent Rural Prospect of a Fine
Country with fine woods and Lawns with Brooks water
running trough them, you have also a Prospect of the
Sea on one Part and On another A Mountain 80 Miles dis-
tant The House is Built in the Form of a Long Square,
with Wings at Each End and is about 80 Foot Long, in
the middle is a Grand Hall Surrounded above by a Fine
Gallery with Neat turned Bannester and the Cealing of
the Hall Representing a Large doom Designd for an As-
sembly or Ball Room, the Gallery for the Mucisians &c.
the Building has Four Doors Fronting the N. E. S. & W.
Standing in the middle the Great Hall you have a Full
View of the Country from the Four Dores at the Ends
of the Buildings is 2 upper and 2 Lower Rooms with neat
Stair Cases Leadeing to them in One the Lower Rooms is
his Library and Studdy well Stockd with a Noble Colec-
tiou of Books the others are all uufurnish'd as yet Nor is
the Building yet Compleat wants a Considerable workman
Ship to Compleat it, so as the Design is But Since the
Loss of his first wife who was Governour Burnetts Daugh-
ter of New York by whome he has yet 2 Little Daughters
Liveing, the Loss of her he took much to heart as he was
doateingly fond of her Being a Charming Ladie when
married. But he is now determine! to Compleat it we
drank a Glass wine haveing Feasted our Eyes with the
Prospect of the Country Returned to his House where
Sup'd and Past the Evening Vastly Agreeable being a
Very merry Facitious Gentlemen, went to bed Intend'g to
Proceed to Marble head Next Morning.
Oct. 21st. Haveing Got our Horses ready, after Break-
fast took our Leave's of Mr. Browne and Spouse. Before
proceed shall Give a Small Discription of Salem. Its a
Small Sea Port Towne. Consists of ab't 450* Houses,
Several of which are neat Buildings, but all of wood, and
Covers a Great Deal of Ground, being at a Conveniant
Distance from Each Other, with fine Gardens back their
Houses, the Town is Situated on a Neck of Laud Nava-
gable on either Side is ab't 2 Miles in Lenght Including
the build'gs Back the Towue, has a main Street runs
directly trough, One Curch 3 Presbiterian and One
Quakers Meeting, the Situation is Very Pretty, &c. The
Trade Consists Chiefly in the Cod Fishery, they have ab't
60 or 70 Sail Schooners Employ d in that Branch. Saw
ab't 40 Sail in the Harb'r hav'g then ab't 40 at Sea. They
Cure all their Own Cod for Markett, Saw there a Vast
Number Flakes Cureing, in the Harbour Lay also two
Topsail Vessells and three Sloops, on Exam'g into the
Fishery find it a very adventag's Branch.
The travellers then ride to Marblehead " trough a plea-
sant country and good Roades" spend an hour there
at breakfast with Mr. Read see the town, of which
they formed no very flattering impression, and push on
to their friend Mr. Ward's, at Lynn. "Dyned upon a
fine mongrel goose" proceeded on their journey
* Salem had (May 1, 1868), 3053 dwelling houses, and about 21,000 inhabitants.
29
"through Mystic, and came to Mr. Wendell's in Boston,
ab't 8 o'clock."
I find passages illustrative of the times in the diary of
John Adams written when the author was "riding the
circuit " in the practice of the law, at the age of thirty,
and residing in Braintree.
"1766, Nov. 3d. Monday. Sett off with my wife for
Salem. Stopped half an hour at Boston. Crossed the
Ferry, at three o'clock arrived at Hill's, the tavern in
Maiden, the sign of the Rising Eagle * * * where we
dined. Here we fell in company with Kent and Sewall.
We all oated at Martin's where we found the new
Sheriff of Essex, Colonel Saltonstall. We all rode into
town together. Arrived at my dear brother Cranch's,
about eight, and drank tea and are all very happy. Sat
and heard the ladies talk about ribbon, catgut, and Paris
net, riding-hoods, cloth, silk and lace. Brother Cranch
came home and a very happy evening we had. Cranch
is now in a good situation for business, near the Court
House and Mr. Barnard's meeting-house and on the road
to Marblehead : his house fronting the wharves, the har-
bor and shipping, has a fine prospect before it.
4. Tuesday. A fine morning : attended court all day
* * Prayer by Mr. Barnard, Deacon Pickering was
foreman of one of the juries * * his appearance is
perfectly plain, like a farmer.
5. Wednesday. Attended Court; heard the trial of an
action of trespass, brought by a mulatto woman for dam-
ages for restraining her of her liberty. * * * Spent
the evening at Mr. Pynchon's with Faruham, Sewall, Sar-
gent, Colonel Saltonstall, etc., very agreably. Punch,
wine, bread and cheese, apples, pipes and tobacco.
Popes and bonfires this, evening at Salem, and a swarm
of tumultuous people attending them.
30
6. Thursday. A fine morning. Gated at Martin's,
where we saw five boxes of dollars, containing, as we
were told, about eighteen thousand of them, going in a
horse-cart from Salem Custom House to Boston, in order
to be shipped for England. A guard of armed men,
with swords, hangers, pistols and muskets, attended it.
We dined at Dr. Tuft's in Medford. * * * Drank
tea at Mrs. Kneeland's, got home before eight o'clock."
On a previous visit to his brother Cranch in August,
he rode after tea to Neck Gate, then back through the
common, down to Beverly Ferry and about town.
"Scarce an eminence," he says, "can be found anywhere
to take a view. The streets are broad and straight and
pretty clean. The houses are the most elegant and grand
that I have seen in any of the maritime towns."
On Friday, June 29th, 1770, he set out on another
"journey to Falmouth in Casco Bay." Dined at Good-
hue's in Salem. Fell in with a London merchant, a
stranger, who "made a genteel appearance," was in
a chair himself, with a negro servant, talked of American
affairs, thought the colonists " could not conquer their
luxury," and this would make them dependent on Great
Britain. " Oated my horse and drank balm tea at Tread-
well's in Ipswich." Treadwell's was a favorite resort
with him. On' a visit there ten days before, he says,
"Rambled with Kent round Landlord Treadwell's past-
ures to see how our horses fared. We found them in
the grass up to their eyes ; excellent pastures. This hill,
on which stand the Meeting-house and Court House, is a
fine elevation, and we have here a fine air and the pleas-
ant prospect of the winding river at the foot of the hill."
On another visit he writes. "Landlord and Landlady
are some of the grandest people alive : landlady is the
great grand-daughter of Governor Endicott. * * As to
31
Landlord he is as happy and proud as any nobleman in
England." And again "The old lady has got a new
copy of her great grandfather's, Governor Endicott's
picture hung up in the house." That picture is now
among the collections of the Institute.
Next morning, Saturday, June 30th, he "arose not
very early, drank a pint of new milk and set off; oated
my horse at Newbury, rode to Clarke's at Greenland
meeting-house, where I gave him hay and oats and then
set off for Newington." Dined there with his uncle
Joseph, minister of that town, then in his eighty-second
year, and set off for York over Bloody Point Ferry * *
"a very unsentimental journey excepting this day at
dinner ; have been unfortunate enough to ride alone all
the way and have met with very few characters or adven-
tures. I forgot yesterday to mention that I stopped and
inquired the name of a pond in Weuham, which I found,
was Wenham Pond, and also the name of a remarkable
little hill at the mouth of the pond, which resembles a
high loaf of our country brown bread, and found that it
is called Peters' Hill to this day from the famous Hugh
Peters." * * *
July 1. Sunday. "Arose early. I took a walk to the
pasture, to see how my horse fared. * * * My little
mare had provided for herself, by leaping out of a bare
pasture into a lot of mowing ground, and had filled her-
self with grass and water.
2. Monday morning. In my sulky before five o'clock,
Mr. Winthrop, Farnham and D. Sewall with me on
horseback : rode through the woods the tide being too
high to go over the beach and to cross Cape Neddick
Kiver: came to Littlefield's in Wells, a quarter before
eight : stopped there and breakfasted. * * * Rode to
Patten's of Arundel. Mr. Winthrop and I turned our
horses into a little close to roll and cool themselves and
32
feed upon white honey-suckle. P. M. Got into my
chair : rode with Elder Bradbury through Sir William
PepperelFs woods : stopped and oated at Milliken's and
rode into Falmouth."
Compare this picture of Mr. Adams, in his desobli-
geant, as he calls his narrow seated chair, riding into Fal-
mouth, with an incident in the career of two statesman
of our time. During the negotiation of the British-
American treaty which detained Mr. Webster in the Cab-
inet of John Tyler, after his colleagues had deserted all
the departments but that of State, it was proposed to con-
vey him, in company with Lord Ashburton, with the ut-
most speed, from Boston to Portland. Alexander Brown,
a genial, trusty, energetic man, was chosen from among
the drivers on the route to arrange the conveyance by
stage from the Railroad terminus, and the most thorough
preparations were made. Relays of picked horses, fre-
quent and fresh, awaited him at every stage house, a
groom to each horse, ambitious, both man and beast, to
act well their parts in the struggle against time. Three
minutes were allowed for each change of horses. Mr.
Brown, afterwards Depot- master at the Rail Road Station
in Boston, recalled the achievement of that day with
pride until his death, and used to tell how the British
ambassador got out at a stopping-place and watch in
hand observed the process of "unhitching and putting to,"
remarking that it was done as quickly, within a few sec-
onds, as in England. This was high commendation from
an Englishman. And it certainly was a notable thing,
to have driven for eight hours over American roads, well
enough to keep an English peer in good humor and to
have brought him into Portland in the company of that
man whose titan brow and olympian presence prompted
Sydney Smith to remark, that if the great American were
half as great as he looked he must be great indeed.
33
Once more, Monday June 17th, 1771, Mr. Adams sets
out upon the Eastern Circuit.
" I mounted my horse and rode to Boston in a cloth
coat and waistcoat, but was much pinched with a raw,
cold, harsh, northeast wind. At Boston I put on a thick
flannel shirt and that made me comfortable and no more ;
so cold am I, or so cold is the weather, June 17th * * *
Came over Charlestown ferry and Penny ferry and dined
at Kettel's in Maiden. * * * Overtook Judge Cushing
in his old curricle with two lean horses, and Dick, his
negro, at his right hand, driving the curricle. This is
the way of travelling in 1771, a judge of the circuits,
a judge of the superior court, a judge of the king's bench,
common pleas and exchequer for the Province, travels
with a pair of wretched old jades of horses in a wretched
old curricle, and a negro on the same seat with him driv-
ing * * * Stopped at Martin's in Lynn with Judge
Cushing ; oated and drank a glass of wine. * * * Rode
with King, a deputy sheriff, who came out to meet the
judges, into Salem : put up at Goodhue's. The negro
that took my horse soon began to open his heart. He
did not like the people of Salem ; wanted to be sold to
Capt John Dean of Boston. His mistress said he did not
earn salt to his porridge and would not find him clothes."
Arrived at Falmouth, July 2nd, he writes : " This has
been the most flat, insipid, spiritless, tasteless journey I
ever took, especially from Ipswich." And this we can
understand better when we read of his riding alone
through Saco woods after night-fall. "Many sharp, steep
hills, many rocks, many deep ruts, and not a footstep of
man except in the road ; it was vastly disagreeable."*
* It will be remembered, in this connection, that when Gen. Washington took
command of the army at Cambridge, he came all the way from Virginia on horse-
back.
3
34
Before great advances could be made towards speed,
comfort, safety and cheapness in travel, fords and step-
ping-stones must give way to ferries, ferry-ways must
yield to bridges, and turnpikes must supersede county
roads on the great thoroughfares. Road-making was no
new art. It had been, carried to a high point by the an-
cients, but the costliness of their works made the lesson
of little value to the new countries of the modern world.
The Romans, for instance, had magnificent roads leading
out into the provinces, as many of them as the hills
upon which the Eternal City sat. These roads were
crowned with a surface of polished stone, over which
wagons, on wooden wheels, were drawn by unshod
beasts with ease and speed. But it was only at the be-
ginning of this century that McAdam showed us how to
bridge over a quagmire with a crust of concrete so firm
as to bear loads that make the marshy substratum on
which it rests quake like a jelly.
From 1636 a ferry had been supported between North
Point or Salem Neck, so called, and Cape Ann or Bass
River side, now Beverly. From time to time it was
leased for the benefit of the Grammar School Masters
of Salem. At first it provided only for the crossing of
persons. But, in 1639, these were the regulations :
" Lessee to keep an horse-boate to have for strangers'
passadge 2d apeice, for towne dwellers Id apeice,
for mares, horses and other great beasts 6d apeice, and for
goats, calves and swyne, 2d apeice." For more than
a century, an inn known as the "old Ferry Tavern," stood
hard by on the Salem side. The ferry touched at Salem
side near the present bridge, but a little to the north.
In 1787, Beverly, somewhat aggrieved at the manage-
ment of the ferry in the interest of Salem, moved for a
bridge. A charter, now on deposit with the Institute,
35
was granted to the Cabots, and Israel Thorudike of Bev-
erly, and to John Fiske and Joseph White of Salem, and
the old Ferry-way was laid out as a highway by the Court
of Sessions. Dec. 13th, the proprietors of the bridge
organized at the Sun Tavern. Nathan Dane was modera-
tor and William Prescott, clerk. The bridge was opened
for use Sept. 24th, 1788. It was one of the modern
wonders. Gen. Washington, on his northern tour next
year, dismounted to examine it and observe the working
of the draw. And a Russian engineer was specially com-
missioned to acquaint himself with its structure. But
this beneficent work was not carried through without
violent opposition, of which Spite Bridge was one of the
fruits. Salem voted to oppose the petitioners and invited
other towns to do so. Competition was threatened from
a parallel bridge. The navigation of North River, it was
urged, would be annihilated, and 40 vessels of various,
tonnage, then employed there, would be driven from the
river. "Prejudices, strong party feeling and much ex-
citement" are spoken of by Felt, 'and he adds that one
Blythe, a wit of the time, was prompted to observe that
there never was a bridge built without railings on both
sides. This timely successor of the old ferry-way, after
compensating its projectors for their risk and outlay, re-
verted,- at the expiration of its 70 years' charter, to the
State. I may be pardoned a personal reminiscence in
this connection. My grandfather told me that he walked
over the bridge on the day it was opened for travel,
being then a Salem school boy ten years old, and again
in his eightieth year on the day of the expiration of its
charter.
In 1868 the bridge was surrendered by the state to the
towns and thrown open to the public, in accordance with
that enlightened social economy, which shows us that all
36
needless restraint upon the intercourse of neighbors is
barbarism.
Another monument of Essex County enterprise is
the turnpike connecting us with Boston, now also, in the
same liberal spirit, dedicated to free travel. March 6th,
1802, Edward Augustus Holyoke, William Grey, Nathan
Dane, Jacob Ashton and Israel Thorndike, with their
associates, were incorporated to build a turnpike from Buf-
fum's corner, through Great Pastures, over Breed's Island
in Lynn Marshes, across Mystic River, and from a point
near the navy-yard to Charles River Bridge. The Statute
Books are full of similar acts at this period. The Essex
Turnpike from Andover, intended to bring the travel of
Vermont and New Hampshire through Salem to Boston,
was chartered the next spring, as was also another from
State street, Newburyport " by as nearly a straight line
as practicable" to Maiden Bridge.
Here again we were not behind the times. Telford
and McAdam had not completed their grand experiments
nor demonstrated their rival systems for some years later.
But the turnpike corporators used the best science of the
day and a wonderful road they made. In the famous rec-
ords kept at Benjamin Blanchard's Barber Shop, in which
his distinguished patrons noted current events, while wait-
ing for an empty chair, it appears that work began near
"Pickering's Pen" June 7th, 1802. Of course there
was vigorous opposition and wild disparagement on one
side, great enthusiasm on the other. Dr. Stearns,
one of its most ardent promoters, is said to have declared
that, when the turnpike was done, a man might stand on
Buffum's corner and look straight into Charlestown Square.
The extent of the work of building may be judged of by
the fact that a village of huts covered the high ground
now occupied by Erastus Ware, which soon became a
37
resort for toddy and tenpins, and that the material and
tools employed, sold on the completion of the work,
brought at auction, Oct. 27th, 1803, thirty-two hundred
dollars. Captain Richard Wheatland paid the first toll,
July 12th, 1803, on his way to Boston to take command
of his ship for Calcutta. How much the new route, only
twelve miles and a fraction long, did to bring us and the
metropolis together, will be recalled with pleasure by some
yet living who enjoyed for the first time, in the fall of
1803, an evening ride to Boston with a ball, a concert, or
a play in prospect to give zest to the excursion.
The largest sum, taken in a year at " Toll-Gate No 1,''
near our great pastures, was $5300, in 1805 ; the day of
the greatest travel was June 1st, 1813. On that summer
afternoon the smoke of conflict between the Chesapeake
and Shannon was rolling over the bay. One hundred and
twenty stages, crowded to repletion, passed up that day.
Thousands, of spectators prayerfully watched the fight from
every hill-top and gloomily retired when the issue was
but too plainly seen.
On the morning of Nov. 6th, 1869, the old gate-
keeper at "No. 1," gets orders to take no more tolls.
Gravely he sets open, for the last time, the last toll-gate
in Essex County and breaks out in rhyme :
"The last toll is taken, I've swung wide the gate,
The word has been spoken, We yield to our fate !"
The distinctive character of the turnpike among roads
is departed. It is as wholly a thing of the past as that
negro village which once clustered about the entrance at
Buffum's corner, with its fortune-telling and cake-baking
and fiddling and dancing. But the great road will stand.
Years will not destroy its traces of heavy blasting and
grading, its viaducts of splendid masonry across deep,
picturesque ravines, their granite sides and terraced but-
38
tresses backed up with sturdy trunks and roots of ancient
elm and willow, fit types of the beauty and utility which
mark its course. No son of Salem returning from his
wanderings, however great a truant, but will pause de-
lighted on that hill top, where bursts upon the eye the
eldest born of New England cities, whether the morn-
ing sun is touching with an early glory the score of spires
and towers, clustered about that thing of beauty, the South
Church Steeple, or whether, at night-fall, broadsides of
factory windows are blazing with their perpetual illumina-
tion in honor of the triumphs of industry. While lovers
ramble and young limbs are strong while Bitter-sweet
Rocks live in song, and Great Pastures find a place in
story, so long shall there be brisk walking among its
rugged scenes in Spring and Autumn, and willing horses
shall be urged to speed over No-bottom Pond Bridge
on the moonlight gallop, so long as water plashes up like
molten silver through the chinks in the planking, until
indeed the poet sings to deaf ears :
" 'Tis life to guide the fiery Barb
Across the moonlight plain ! "
The first public conveyance noticed by Felt was a
" large stage chair," or two horse curricle which ran from
Portsmouth to Boston and back each week, in 1761. " An
epidemical distemper" among horses interfered with the
business in 1768 but two years after, Benj. Coats, who
was then landlord at the Ship Tavern in School, now
Washington street, gave notice that he had bought a " new
Stage chaise " which would run between Salem and Bos-
ton " so that he will then, with the one now improved in
that business, be able to carry and bring passengers, bun-
dles and the like every day except Sunday." He also has
five fall-back chaises, one fall-back curricle, six standing
top chairs and three sulkies to let. In December, 1771,
39
Beiij. Hart advertises that "he has left riding the single
horse post between Boston and Portsmouth and now
drives the post stage lately improved by John Noble.
He sets out from Boston every Friday morning and from
Portsmouth on Tuesday morning following. The above
conveyance has been found very useful and now more so,
as there is another curricle improved by J. S. Hart, who
sets off from Portsmouth the same day this does from
Boston, by which opportunity offers twice a week, for
travellers to either place."
Systematic staging probably began here about 1796 arid
in this business Benjamin Hale of Newburyport, seems to
have been the pioneer on the route between Boston and
Portsmouth, as was Seth Paine of Portland, on the lines
further east. Mr. Hale was a resolute, persevering man,
and there was nothing worth knowing about staging which
he did not know. Many improvements in stage springs
are accredited to him, as well as the introduction of the
trunk-rack, by which means the passenger's luggage was
employed to ballast the coach, whereas formerly it had
rested, a dead weight, on the axles, jolting and tossing as
though springs were yet to be invented. He had made
his way up from small beginnings against discouragements
and trials, but his single coach, driven by his own hand,
in the early years of the century, had come at last to be a
large establishment of horses, carriages and drivers. Mr.
Paine's career had not been different. He was a postman*,
in Maine when all the mails were carried on horse-back :
a man of few words, prompt, inflexible, and of great
energy. He came to be the largest owner and sole man-
ager of coaches east of Portsmouth and government con-
tractor for the eastern mails, while the stages on this side
of Portsmouth were under the able and exclusive manage-
ment of Mr. Hale. The proprietors, at this time, were
40
few, not more than five or six. Besides those named,
were Judge Elkins, of Wenhatn, and Salem, and Samuel
Larkin of Portsmouth. Dr. Cleaveland, of Topsfield,
bought in, about 1806. The profitable character of the
business could not long be concealed. Tributary lines
spring up. Thus a stage connected with the Boston Line
set off from Salem, Aug. 20th, 1810, for the Coos County.
Three were to be despatched every week. Competition,
of course, followed and, in 1818, opposing lines were
absorbed by the original proprietors, and the Eastern
Stage Company was incorporated. It is not too early to
write in a historic strain of that once familiar visitant, the
Stage Coach. And the books of this corporation, now in
possession of the Institute, shed ample light upon one of
the largest and most successful staging enterprises of New
England.
The Eastern Sfage Company was chartered by the state
of New Hampshire, for a period of twenty years. Its
act of incorporation, approved June, 1818, contains three
sections, and singularly enough, by no word except its
title, from beginning to end, indicates the business to be
facilitated thereby. By this act, Samuel Larkin, Wil-
liam Simes, Elisha Whidden and their associates are made
a body corporate, the " Eastern Stage Company," by
name, are to sue and to be sued, have a common seal,
make rules and by-laws, and generally to do whatever ap-
pertains to bodies corporate, with a capital stock not ex-
ceeding one hundred thousand dollars, shares not more
than five hundred in number, and that is all. To one
familiar with the guarded language of acts establishing the
railroad lines which superseded this great stage route,
the absence of all limitations of power is striking.
In the early railroad charters every function that could be
anticipated is provided for, even to the grade of the road-
bed, the curves of the track, and the erection of toll-houses
41
and toll-gates, after the analogy of the turnpike, where
trains were to stop and travellers pay fare.
But these corporators did not abuse their powers, how-
ever loosely conferred. Their first meeting, duly notified
in the Portsmouth Oracle, the Boston Centinel, and the
Newburyport Herald, was held at Langmaid's Tavern, at
Hampton Falls, on Friday, October 9th, 1818. They
chose Dr. Nehemiah Cleaveland, of Topsfield, Moderator
and Samuel Newman, Clerk, accepted the charter,
adopted by-laws, and fixed their capital stock at four hun-
dred and twenty-five shares, of one hundred dollars each.
The by-laws provide for eight directors and a proprietors'
clerk, to be chosen annually by the share-holders who
were to throw a vote for each share owned, not exceeding
twenty the directors to choose a President from their
number, appoint "a principal agent and treasurer" and
such " agents, drivers, and servants as they may find nec-
essary for the due management of the property." They
are to close accounts and declare dividends in March and
September, and are allowed two dollars per day and ex-
penses for attendance at Directors' meetings. The clerk
was under oath, and the agent and treasurer under bonds
in the sum of ten thousand dollars.
Article VI. provides a form of stock certificate, as-
signable by indorsement and transfer on the books of the
Proprietors' Clerk.
Article VII. " No person whatever shall be privileged
to ride in any of the company's carriages without paying
common stage fare."
They organized thus, President, Dr. Cleaveland,
Proprietors' Clerk, Seth Sweetser, Directors, Josiah
Paine, Stephen Howard, Seth Sweetser, Samuel Larkin,
Thomas Haven, Henry Elkins, Ephraim Wildes. Col.
Jeremiah Coleman was principal agent and treasurer.
42
If the charter said nothing of the purposes of this cor-
poration, their own by-laws said about as little. Nowhere
is there a distinct announcement of the function which
they proposed to discharge, nor any description of the ex-
tent nor location of their field of operations. This is to
be explained, no doubt, by the fact that some of these
gentlemen were, before their incorporation, already suc-
cessful operators and proprietors of stages running over
portions of the routes they now proposed to combine, and
no words were needed to teach them the duties and liabili-
ties of common carriers of persons.
Thus at the first directors' meeting we seem plunged at
once into the dust and whirl of stage-coach travel. The
six o'clock stage from Portsmouth (they vote) is to be
discontinued. What a chapter might be written on that
early coach, leaving "Wildes' Hotel" at six o'clock each
frosty October morning, or better still, on the stage which
all winter long, in storm or by starlight, left Boston for
the east at five o'clock in the morning. The hurried
breakfast, the smoking corn-cake, the savory rasher,
the potato raked, glowing hot, out of its bed of ashes,
the steaming, creamy, aromatic coffee, the chill,
crisp morning, lanterns flitting ghostly through the am-
ple stables, reluctant horse-boys shivering about the
door-yard and wishing themselves in their bunks again,
the resonant crack of the whip, the clear, sharp click
of well-shod hoofs on frozen ground, the clatter of
wheels, the scramble in the dark for seats, the long,
dull ride with fellow-travellers chilled and grim, half
concealed by twilight and half in mufflers, that crying
baby, who seems to have found vent, at that unlucky
moment, for all the pent-up sorrows of its little life-time,
the gradual warmth of conversation and day-break
stealing at last over the coach-load, the side-lights
43
fading out and good nature once more prevailing over
cramped legs, sharp elbows and cold feet shuffling among
the scanty straw, all these things must now be given
over to the romancer, whose ready pen, ever busy with
the past, will not long neglect them.
The late President Quincy gives a well-drawn picture
of staging facilities at the close of the last century. He
was then paying court to a New York lady, to whom he
was privately engaged and afterwards married. Boston
had twenty New York, thirty thousand souls. Two
coaches and twelve horses sufficed the travel between the
two commercial centres of the continent. The journey
was almost as rare an event then, as a voyage to Europe
is now, and took about as long. To one bent on Mr.
Quincy's errand the way no doubt seemed doubly tedious.
The impatient suitor writes :
"The carriages were old and the shackling and much of
the harness made of ropes. One pair of horses carried
us eighteen miles. We generally reached our resting-
place for the night, if no accident intervened, at ten
o'clock, and after a frugal supper, went to bed with a
notice that we should be called at three, next morning
which generally proved to be half-past two. Then,
whether it snowed or rained, the traveller must rise and
make ready by the help of a horn lantern and a farthing
candle, and proceed on his way, over bad roads, some-
times with a driver showing no doubtful symptoms of
drunkenness, which good-hearted passengers never failed
to improve at every stopping-place, by urging upon him
the comfort of another glass of toddy. Thus we travelled
eighteen miles a stage, sometimes obliged to get out and
help the coachman lift the coach out of a quagmire or rut,
and arrived at New York after a week's hard travelling,
wondering at the ease as well as the expedition with which
our journey was effected."
Contrast with this picture an " Old Driver's Keminis-
44
cence," which I give in his own words. "The stage that
left Newburyport for Boston at 8 o'clock in the morning,
usually took the passengers who had stopped for rest over
night, many of whom were strangers to our New England
customs. One morning as the passengers were about
taking their seats, a gentleman asked the driver if he
would accommodate him with a seat on the box. " Cer-
tainly," says the driver, "please step right up before an-
other occupies it." Our first stop was at Rowley, a seven
mile drive, during which many questions were asked by
the stranger and answered according to the driver's
knowledge. At this place we took some passengers.
While the driver was arranging the baggage, the gentle-
man on the box asked him to step in and take something
to drink. His reply was, "No, I thank you, sir, I have
no occasion for anything," and he mounted the box and
drove to Ipswich, where the horses were changed. Here
most of the passengers alighted while the shifting was
taking place. At the same time the stranger came off
the box and urged the driver again to take something to
drink. The answer was the same as before. When the
horses were ready, the driver, as was the custom, says
" the stage is ready, gentlemen !" and they take their seats
in the coach. Off they start down the crooked hill and
over the stone bridge, called by some short-sighted peo-
ple, "Choate's Folly." The next stop was at Wenham,
where it was the usual practice to take the fares, it being
the Half-way House to Boston. And here the outside
passenger says to the driver again, "Come, now, you
have accomplished one-half of the distance, you must
certainly take a drink with me." "No, I thank you, sir."
"What kind of men are you drivers here in this section
of the country ? Drivers where I came from will drink
at every stopping place, and it is with much fear that we
45
travel there, but here I see that passengers are perfectly
at ease when seated in the coach." " Sir, things have
changed here within a few years. You were saying that
passengers in your section were uneasy and often had
fears for their safety while riding with your drivers.
Here all that is reversed, for in former years the travel-
lers used every precaution to keep the drivers sober, but
now the drivers by their example try to keep the passen-
gers sober." "I will never ask you to drink again," says
our outside passenger, and he was mum on the drinking
question the rest of the way to Boston.
The arrangements for the main route of the Eastern
Stage Co., in the winter of 1818, may be sketched thus :
A coach left Portsmouth for Boston at 9 A. M. (the
same carriage running through) dined at Topsfield, then
through Danversport and Salem to Boston, and back the
same way next day, dining at Newburyport. A portion of
the Newburyport turnpike was used, and this made Tops-
field quite metropolitan, so much so that conventions often
met there. John Adams writes, in 1808, of a great cau-
cus held at Topsfield to resist the embargo. The County
Convention which established Lyceums met there in 1829.
Of course the records plunge us at once into all sorts of
questions of law and policy they meet us at the thresh-
old, they linger to the end, questions of tolls on turn-
pikes and bridges, conferences arranged with this and
that corporation, new terms made or war declared.
Once it is voted that seven hundred dollars be accepted
by the Newburyport Turnpike as toll for the year, or
the stages go by Old Town Bridge. Complications grow
out of the delicate relations of carriers to the public.
Too accommodating drivers are induced to act as express-
men on their private account, and attempts are made to
hold the company liable for their losses. At the first
46
meeting " Drivers are expressly prohibited from carrying
any money or packages, not accounted for to the compa-
ny's agent ;" and almost at the last a " committee is con-
sidering the subject of drivers carrying provisions from
sundry places to Boston for sale, contrary to a vote of
the directors." In April, 1819, "the company do not
consider themselves accountable for the loss of any bag-
gage, bundles, or packages whatever, committed to the
care of the drivers, or otherwise put into their stages."
This sweeping announcement, so like what is sometimes
read on the backs of railroad tickets to-day, was followed
up in the same spirit in 1826 and 1829. Now they vote
that no driver shall carry anything, except in his pocket,
without paying the company's agent, on pain of instant
dismissal; and again the driver must "agree with the
agent to exclude his private or pocket business from his
compensation, so the company shall have no participa-
tion, direct or indirect, with such business of the driv-
ers, meaning especially Bills of any Bank which may be
entrusted to them." "But is this law?" ask the perplexed
proprietors of Benjamin Merrill, Esq., in 1832, and that
eminent counsellor finds himself unable to give the de-
sired assurance, but on the contrary they record a long
opinion advising them that their contract with drivers will
not discharge them from liability, unless notice of it is
brought home in each case to the sender of the bill or
parcel. And accordingly a notice, drawn by him, is
formally served in person on every Bank President and
Cashier on the route, posted in the taverns, and widely
advertised in the newspapers.
The record is rich in little incidents which give life to
the picture of the times. A driver is fined fifty dollars,
the value of a horse killed by his carelessness. After-
wards, for good conduct, the forfeiture is reduced to one
47
month's wages. Owing to the appreciated state of the
currency, in 1820, wages were reduced, and fares from
Boston to Exeter put at three dollars. Once in a while a
coach is overturned. In one case, if payment of damages
is refused by the Salem Turnpike, the agent is to enter a
complaint and present the road to the grand jury ; in
another, forty dollars are received in liquidation. Again,
a director is to settle for damages done by loose horses
breaking out of the Salem stable. And again, fines
imposed by the Post Office Department for loss of Mails,
are to be charged off to the drivers who lost them. Sub-
agents were selected for the principal points on the route,
placed on salary, and under bonds, and quartered at the
best hotels. Blacksmith's shops were established at many
points, and extensive stables in Boston and elsewhere,
many of them built of brick. Not more than seven shil-
lings were to be paid for shoeing, out of Boston, and but
ten cents for caulking or resetting shoes. Drivers are
forbid taking letters, in violation of laws regulating the
United States General Post-office ; and frequent embassies
are dispatched to Washington to contract for carrying the
mails, or to change the times or terms for delivering them.
"Accommodating Stages" are sometimes to take mails at
the desire of government or the Postmaster at Boston,
but "Mail Stages" are regularly designated, and these
make better speed and collect higher fares than the
former. Mail-contracts are exchanged among different
companies, and combinations formed with other lines
where competition would be ruinous, and agents are with-
drawn from Inns which harbor the books of hostile com-
panies. In April, 1823, it is significantly voted that sev-
eral sub-agents be discharged, and hereafter it shall be an
"iudispensible requisite that their moral characters be
good, and that they have no horses and carriages to let."
48
In August, 1823, it is voted to "keep a horse and chaise
in Boston to accommodate passengers, and carry and
fetch their baggage." This under the stress of a vigorous
opposition, when the exigency called for unusual efforts,
and the running of extras at "about the same time the
opposing stage goes, but always a little before that con-
veyance and at the same fare." In October, a number of
horses and chaises are to be kept on hire at Newburyport.
In December, the extras run a little before the opposition
coaches, are to charge but half fare. The Ann street
Stage House at Boston is leased and furnished, and Col.
Wildes placed there as landlord, with an interest in the
profits not to exceed one-half. Next summer, the horses
are to be fed with cut hay and meal. April 19th, 1825,
the directors met at Oilman's hotel in Newburyport.
They found their enterprise thriving, established a sink-
ing fund to be swelled by semi-annual additions ; carried
one thousand dollars to that account; declared a semi-
annual dividend of four per cent. ; created seventy-five
new shares, making up the full five hundred to which they
were limited in their charter, and provided for selling the
new shares at not less than six dollars premium on a par
of one hundred dollars. To the sinking fund was after-
ward voted the net income of the Ann street Stage
House, and the agent was directed to sell at auction, from
time to time, collections of articles left in their offices and
coaches " for which no owners can be found." The second
dividend for this year was six per cent., and in 1826,
eleven per cent, was divided.
At the end of ten years the prosperity of the company
was established. It had now substantial stables, not con-
nected with public houses, at all the chief points of the
route, one of them on Church street, in the rear of
the Lafayette Coffee-house ; and it owned hotels, or a con-
49
trolling interest in hotels, at Boston, Newburyport, Exe-
ter and Dover. It was sending deputations to the New
England Stage Association, which met at "Holbrook's," in
Milk street, Boston, with a view to bring together, at
least once a year, representatives of all the Stage compa-
nies of this section. In October, 1828, it held its shares
at a premium of fifty dollars, and made a semi-annual
dividend of eight per cent., on one hundred and fifty dol-
lars per share. At this time the management of the
Stage House in Ann street passed into the hands of Mr.
Leavitt, upon the death of Col. Wildes, and Col. Henry
Whipple, of Salem, became a director in place of Judge
Elkius, resigned.
In 1830, the company was incorporated in Massachu-
setts, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. In
1832, it sent delegates to a Mail Contract convention
which sat at "Wyatt's" in Dover, to apportion the Mail
Routes for New England, and its bid shows that it was
running coaches from Concord to Portsmouth ; Dover,
by two routes, to Newburyport ; Portsmouth, by Exeter,
to Newburyport, Salem and Boston ; from Salem to
Haverhill and Lowell ; from Gloucester to Ipswich ; and
from Lowell, by two routes, to Newburyport.
January, 1833, found them free from debt and their
stock higher than ever. They owned near five hundred
horses.
A steamboat had been built on Lake Winuepessaukee
and they were running stages from Dover to meet it. At
times they ran a daily to Portland. In October, 1834,
the stock stood at $202.13 per share on their books, par
being $100. In January, 1835, they were paying be-
tween eight and nine thousand dollars in tolls for the
year, had bought turnpike, bridge and bank stocks, and
amongst other real estate the Daltou House, between the
50
West estate and Church street, in Salem, which they
sold, retaining a way out from the stables to Church
street. Up to this point, their career must be considered
as one of unmixed prosperity. The Eastern Railroad
was not chartered ; the Boston and Maine was but a spur
from the Boston and Lowell, extending as far as Andover.
Travel increased apace, with it the running stock and
corps of employes. The directors' record-book is pleas-
ant reading now. They meet at comfortable Inns, spend
two or three days together, examine lucrative accounts,
pass the evening over plethoric way-bills, compute their
dividends, make combinations with kindred bodies all
over the Eastern States, and New York if need be, and
smile at competition.
What a text is here for another volume of pen and ink
sketches, these old Stage Houses which figure in the re-
cord, "Wildes' Hotel" at Portsmouth, "Langmaid's" and
"Wade's" at Hampton Falls, " Oilman's" and the "Wolfe "
at Newburyport, the "Sun Tavern," the "Lafayette Coffee
House" at Salem, "Ann Street Stage House" and "City
Tavern" in Boston ! What pleasant memories start up
at the recital, as of those ancient hostelries of London,
once, as Mr. Dickens says, "the head-quarters of cele-
brated coaches in the days when coaches performed their
journeys in a graver and more solemn manner than they
do in these times, but which have now degenerated into
little more than the abiding and booking places of coun-
try wagons." Of these he says, " there still remain some
half-dozen, in the Borough, which have preserved their
external features unchanged, and which have escaped
alike the rage for public improvement and the encroach-
ments of private speculation. Great rambling, queer, old
places they are, with galleries, and passages, and stair-
cases wide enough and antiquated enough to furnish ma-
51
terials for a hundred ghost-stories, supposing we should
ever be reduced to the lamentable necessity of inventing
any." Such was our own poet's Wayside Inn,
" Built in the old colonial day,
When men lived in a grander way,
With ampler hospitality
A kind of old Hobgoblin Hall,
Now somewhat fallen to decay,
With weather stains upon the wall
And stair ways worn and crazy doors
And creaking and uneven floors
And chimneys huge, and tiled and tall.
A region of repose it seems.
By' noon and night the panting teams
Stop under the great oaks, that throw
Tangles of light and shade below.
Across the road the barns display
Their lines of stalls, their mows of hay.
Through the wide door the breezes blow,
The wattled cocks strut to and fro,
And, half effaced by rain and shine,
The ' Red Horse ' prances on the sign."
One seems to recall the impatience with which the tired
traveller looked forward to alighting at these old Inns,
to see again the village steeple peering over the hill, its
gilded cockerel glistening in the sunset, to hear the
stage horn once more bidding the postmaster expect the
evening mail, the landlord serve the welcome meal ; to
see honest, little, nervous Jack Mendum, or 'sturdy,
robust, reliable Robert Annable, or good-natured Knight,
or the voluble but substantial Pike, or some other famous
whip, gather up his reins and muster his strength for a
final sweep across the tavern yard, the crowning effort
of a day of toil to dusty traveller and smoking, jaded
team, and then down go the steps and cramped legs are
free at last !
Or we seem again to be bowling down that grand old
turnpike from Newburyport, with Akerman or Barnabee
or Forbes, rumbling by old Gov. Dummer's Academy at
By field, telling off the milestones through the Topsfield
52
of fifty years ago, over the grassy hills and by the beauti-
ful lake at Lynufield, on the coach that left " Pearson's"
at six every summer morning ; or to be whirling by Flax
Pond, where, a century ago last June, Mr. Goldthwaite
asked John Adams to a "genteel dinner" of fish, bacon,
peas and incomparable Madeira, under the "shady trees,
with half a dozen as clever fellows as ever were born," or
to be rattling through the old toll-gate and dashing down
great pasture hills into town on the topmost seat of the
early Boston Mail Stage which, in 1835, was to "break-
fast in Salem and dine at Portsmouth," while all the east-
ern landscape is aglow with the tints of morning and the
dews of spring make everything in nature sparkle. Or
perhaps it is winter.
Now the increasing storm makes all the plain
Prom field to high-way a vast foaming sea 1
And sculptors of the air, with curious skill,
Have graven their images of stainless white,
Pagodas, temples,. turrets, columns raised
From the exhaustless quarries of the snow,
Afar and near, the artwork of the wind !
and we reach perhaps the little Court House on the
hill at Ipswich, with the bar of southern Essex, to find
that another coach-load of jurisprudence is stuck fast on
Rowley Marshes, while judge and counsellor alike have
committed trespass quare clausum fregit, in prying their
coach out of a snowdrift with the nearest fence rails.
The Hon. Allen W. Dodge writes of the drivers of
those days as follows :
"In those days of old-fashioned winters, there were
many trials and difficulties in getting through the route,
but let the storm or the snow blockade be ever so bad,
they were always ready in their turn to do to the utter-
most all that men could do to accomplish it. These
drivers, too, were the most obliging and kind-hearted
men that ever handled reins, cracked whip or sounded
stage horn.
53
" They were great favorites with all the boys who rode
with them. Many of us who were then at Exeter Acad-
emy came home at the end of the term by the Eastern
Stage route, and a lively time we used to have of it.
Quite a number of stage coaches were always sent on
to take us. When they arrived what a scramble ensued to
see who should ride with Pike, who with Annable, or
Knight, or Forbes, or some other good-natured driver
experienced in stages and careful of their young charges,
as if they were all destined to be governors, or judges,
01* presidents. We used to consider it the seat of honor
on the outside with the driver, there to listen to his sto-
ries and to enjoy his company. Many a scrap of practical
wisdom did we youngsters thus pick up to turn to good
account on the great road of life.
' ' And then too what a gathering at the old Wolfe Tav-
ern in Newburyport, when the noon stage-coaches ar-
rived from Boston. The sidewalk was often crowded
with anxious boys, and men too, to catch a sight of dis-
tinguished passengers and the last fashions, and to hear
the latest news. Why, it was as good as a daily paper,
or a telegraphic dispatch better indeed, for the living
men, actors sometimes in the scenes described, were there
to tell what had happened."
I find related in a contribution to the Salem Gazette,
one of those little incidents that sparkle like jewels in
the sand :
" Once when a mere child it was necessary for me to
go from Saco to a town near Boston. This was quite an
undertaking in those days, as one was obliged to pass the
night in Portsmouth. Being without a protector, my
mother confided me to the care of one of those old, faith-
ful drivers. It was evening when we reached Ports-
mouth and very cold. Everything was new and strange
to me. How carefully was I taken by the hand and led
up that long flight of stairs to the excellent accommoda-
tions which awaited me ! How well I remember the
kind, smiling face of Kobinson, as next morning, whip
in hand, he appeared at the parlor door and inquired for
the 'little girl' who was to go with him! His hearty
'good morning' and 'all ready, miss,' as I presented my-
self, are still sounding in my ears. While changing
horses at Newburyport I was comfortably seated before a
warm fire in the sitting-room. Ihdeed, I do not know
that I could have been more comfortably attended to had
I been the daughter of the President. I was the daugh-
ter of a poor widow instead, and an utter stranger to
the man whose memory I have ever cherished as one of the
pleasant recollections of my childhood."
What stalwart men this sturdy, out-door life produced !
Moses Head of Portsmouth, drove into that town from
Boston, the stage that brought news of peace in 1815,
with a white flag fastened to the box. News of the bat-
tle of New Orleans came at the same time. That even-
ing there was a procession in honor of these events. Head,
who was then Ensign of the artillery company, and re-
sembled Gen. Jackson in appearance and stature, arrayed
himself in a military suit and chapeau, and personated the
hero of New Orleans in the ranks of the procession to
great acceptance. He was born among the granite hills
of New Hampshire, and died at the age of seventy-two,
after a sickness of a day, the only sickness of his life.
Another old driver sends me his recollections of " life
on the road" and I insert them here.
"I began to drive on an opposition line in 1823, and
after about nine months I had an application from Col.
Coleman to come over to the old company. As I thought
it a more permanent job, I came over to drive "Extra."
55
I had not been long at it before the travel increased very
much, so the directors ordered one hundred more horses
to be bought, and carriages in proportion, to accommodate
the public. The business came on so hard that I had all I
bargained for. I followed the mail twelve days in suc-
cession, starting from Boston at 2 o'clock in the morning,
breakfasting in Newburyport, dinner at Portsmouth and
back again to supper in Salem, getting into Boston any-
where from nine to eleven o'clock, so there was not much
sleep or rest for me. The twelfth day, when I droveinto
the yard at Salem, Col. Colemau was there and said he
"young man, you had better stop here and get a little
rest and take your team in the morning at four o'clock."
So Mr. Rand took the team to Boston and back.
"The worst of it was, I had the same horses out and
back every day. It was hard keeping up with the mail,
as their horses rested one or two days in the week, and
they were like wild ones. Only hold on and they would
go as fast as any one wished to ride. As a general thing
we made good time. I have been through Charlestown
Square on time, for three weeks, not varying five minutes
by the clock, although we had some trying storms. '
"I was compelled to stop at Hamilton one night, after
beating the storm from seven in the morning till ten at
night, with a single sleigh and two horses, and so, com-
pletely used up, we slept well. It cleared up about three
o'clock, so that uncle Robert Annable, with the morning
coach, came along pretty well, and passed us while we
were asleep, and took off his bells so as not to awake us,
and then he was very joyous to think he had got ahead.
It was something, to be sure, that never happened before
nor since.
"On the whole, it was a very pleasant life, for every one
on the road was very hospitable to us. I never got stuck
56
in the mud nor snow, when all the people on the road
were not willing, night or day, to lend a hand. So we
felt that we were among friends, and that was comforting
to us. The wealthy Southerners, who used to come east
in summer, would almost always want us to keep on and
drive them to Providence or New York, for they did not
get so good accommodations at the South. And as we
refused the refreshments they offered us at every stopping
place, we were pretty sure to get a handsome present be-
fore 'they left, which was far more satisfactory. It was a
very pleasant business, and we had our choice of com-
pany outside, and that was worth a great deal.
"When it was decided by the Legislature that there
should be a Railroad, you may depend upon it there were*
heavy hearts. For we had spent so much time in staging
we did not know what we should do. But all who wished
had something to do. The corporation employed a large
number of the drivers as conductors, baggage-masters
and brakemen. I withdrew and took up the express busi-
ness, and followed that until 1860. So I had served the
public from '23 to '60."
These drivers, so freely trusted with life and treasure,
with the care of helpless infancy and age, deserved well
of the community and are held in kindly remembrance.
They knew of old the wants and habits of the travelling
public, and Railroad corporations were glad to secure
agents from among their numbers.
Has anybody forgotten rare James Potter of the Salem
and Boston Line, active, clear-headed, courteous and
prompt, who for forty years, drove with such care and skill
to Boston and back, that it was said, he was as well known
and as much respected by Salem people as Dr. Bent-
ley ? Here he comes up the street from the old " Sun
Tavern" with the seven o'clock morning coach, his dap-
57
pie-grays groomed to a hair and well in hand, the
model driver, trusted by the Banks, by the old sea-kings,
by everybody with uncounted treasure, the splendid
reinsman, chosen in August, 1824, to bring the beloved
Lafayette safely into Salem.
Has anybody forgotten the scene in College yard at
Cambridge, when Peter Eay arrived at the end of the
term, with his coach and six sorrels, to take home what
might well be styled the " flower of Essex ! " How he
displayed, before admiring eyes, his mastery of curves
and functions, by turning six-in-hand, at a cheerful trot,
in the little corner between Hoi worthy and Stoughton,
and how the Essex boys, cheered by their fellows, and
eager for the long vacation, whirled out of college gate,
and down the historic roads by Washington's Elm and
Letchmere's Point, and Bunker Hill, to their welcome
home ! Handsome Peter, they called him a favorite
with children and ladies for with him, on the introduc-
tion of the famous steel-spring coaches, they first knew
what it was to ride comfortably outside, with an intelligent
and entertaining driver, whose tongue kept pace with his
team, and whose castles in the air often reached gigantic
proportions before half the distance between Lynn and
Salem was accomplished !
And here comes Page, witty, large-hearted, strong-
handed Woodbury Page, his two bays on the jump,
swinging round the corner from Beverly, sweeping
round the common to the old stable in Union street, shift-
ing horses, and then round the big elm and off again in a
twinkling, with those very four milk-whites, with which
he drove Henry Clay, in October, 1833, from Senator
Silsbee's door-step in Pleasant street to the Trernont
House in sixty minutes !
And what shall be said of the polished and agreeable
58
Jacob Winchester, favorite driver on wedding journeys
and pleasure parties, who carried bags of specie to and
from New York, when our merchants wanted a messenger
who would neither play the rogue with funds nor suffer
anybody to take them from him ; what of the popular
driver and consummate reinsman Lot Peach, who would
get to Boston about as soon with crows' meat as moderate
drivers did with choice teams of horses ; what of Al-
bert Knight, always on good terms with passengers and
team; what of stout, little, talkative Major Shaw, who
was off at three with the sorrels and the last coach up,
rather than not go with whom ladies would often lose the
morning stages and some hours shopping and visiting in
Boston; what of stalwart, kind-hearted Adrian Low
whose cheerful life ended in mystery and an unknown
grave ; what indeed of the hundred and fifty good,
sound, trusty men, who, from first to last, drove stages
over these routes in the employ of regular or opposition
lines, whole families of them, like the four Potters, the
three Annables, the three Akermans, the brothers Canney,
Conant, Drake, Knight, Marshall, May, Manning, Patch,
Robinson, Shaw, Tenney, Tozzer, Winchester, seeming
to have been born on wheels, or descended from the hip-
pocentaurs of ancient fable, men who combined energy
and good nature in a ratio not likely to be developed by
any vocation now in vogue, men who cracked their
joke as they swung their whip, men who knew what
it is vouchsafed us to know of that fascinating uncer-
tainty, the horse, and supplemented this with a wonder-
fully shrewd appreciation of human nature 1 *
*It was a happy thought which brought two hundred and fifty " old stagers," of
the Connecticut Valley, Drivers, Proprietors and Agents, together at Spring-
field for a merry Christmas in 1859. Hon. Ginery Twitchell and James Parker,
Esq., of the Western Railroad, seem to have been promoters of this " gathering
of the whips," and two days were given up to their entertainment in Springfield,
59
And what shall be said of those elegant coaches built
in the Union street shop for the Salem and Boston Stage
Company,
" Step and prop-iron, bolt and screw,
Spring, tire, axle, and linen-pin too,
Steel of the finest, bright and blue."
the first in the country mounted on steel springs, and pro-
vided behind with a " dicky " and trunk-rack after the Eng-
lish pattern ! And what of those noble teams of blacks
and bays and buckskins and roans and chestnuts, clean-
limbed and strong, that moved out, with coats like velvet,
every afternoon when dinner was over, before the City
Tavern in Brattle street, the Ann Street Stage House or
the Marlboro Hotel, sweeping the ground with flowing
tails, too often, it must be added, tails of fiction, in which
the cunning hand of Lancaster had eked out the unsuccess-
ful efforts of nature ! What of those scores of coach-build-
ers and blacksmiths, and harness-makers, who plied the
awl, and bent the tire, and drove the plane, with such
pride and spirit in these old days, when Harding shod, and
Daniel Manning ran with orders from the Sun Tavern to
the yards in Union street, and William H. Foster bal-
anced accounts and made up dividends, and Mackie, over
his saddlery, fought out the battle of Waterloo, and that
shy boy, since known to fame as Nathaniel Hawthorne,
was keeping stage-books in his uncle Manning's office !
What of that ancient negro hostler at Breed's Hotel, with
his little competency accumulated from the trifles dropped
into his hat for many a year by kindly travellers as the
during which the hospitalities of larder and stable were tested to the utmost. At
a public dinner on this occasion were produced those spirited lines of Edwin
Bynner, now familiar to newspaper readers, beginning,
" Oh ! the days are gone when the merry horn
Awakened the echoes of smiling morn.
As, breaking the slumber of village street,
The foaming leaders' galloping feet
Told of the rattling, swift approach
Of the well-appointed old stage coach I "
60
stage rolled off, who fell on his knees on the stable floor
and wept great tears when the steam whistle sounded at
last and he felt indeed that he must say with his Shakes-
perean prototype, " Farewell ! Othello's occupation's
gone ! " Too many of this company of worthies are now
" where rolling wheels are heard no more and horses' feet
ne'er come." Twenty-one surviving drivers of the East-
ern Stage Company honored themselves and the memory
of the Agent under whom they served, by attending, in
April, 1866, the funeral of Col. Coleman, the man to
whose vigorous and intelligent oversight that enterprise
had almost owed its success for a quarter of a century.
During the same years the Salem and Boston Company
was under the courteous management of William Man-
ning, another model stage agent, known among the
" whips " as " Sir William," and to have been trusted by
whom they thought enough for an epitaph.
We come now to the closing scene of the Eastern
Stage Company. In July, 1835, the ominous words "Rail-
road " appear for the first time in their voluminous rec-
ords. Let us see what these words meant.
Passengers had been transported in carriages propelled
by steam over the Darlington and Stockton Railway in
England, for ten years. The engines employed were sta-
tionary, and inventive genius had been as busy with the
problem of travelling in steam carriages over turnpikes, as
with the twin problem, which has since completely over-
shadowed the other, of locomotive machinery for Rail-
ways. During the first ten years of the century, indeed,
the steam engine, both stationary and locomotive, began
to be applied to transportation. And long before this,
the simple tram-way of wood or iron, operated by horse-
power had been employed for the conveyance of passen-
gers and freight. As early as the settlement of New
61
England, wooden rails were in use between the coal mines
of Newcastle and the river, and these were so far per-
fected that in 1765 they had been introduced extensively
in England, and enabled a horse to drag from two to three
tons on an easy grade. Plates and wheels of iron had
still further and very largely increased the draft-capacity
of the horse. On the Darlington and Stockton road,
trains had been provided with stable-cars, in which the
horses employed for motive power on level and up grades,
rested and fed in quiet while the momentum of the train
carried it down hill.
The use of the Railway was no less familiar on this side
the ocean. Our former townsman, Mr. Gray, after leav-
ing Salem, owned a wharf in Boston on which trucks
were moved by hand over a plank-walk provided on its
edges with round iron bars, on which ran grooved wheels,
thus forming a freight Railway from the ship in her dock
to the warehouses on Lynn (now Commercial), street.
In grading Beacon Hill for the erection of the State
House, late in the last century, an inclined Railway was
used, on which the gravity of the loaded cars in their de-
scent, served to bring up on a parallel track those which
had been emptied, and the same expedient, also in use in
England, was employed at Quincy when the blue sienite
of the quarries began to supplant, as a building material,
the familiar gray granite of our hills and ledges. The
first Railroad charter granted by Massachusetts author-
ized, March 4th, 1826, the building of a Railway from
these quarries to Neponset River, and the first freight
transported over it was the corner stone of Bunker Hill
Monument. It was operated by horse power.
That unrest which prognosticates some great step in
inventive art was stirring the public mind and bringing
to light ever}' clumsy expedient of cogs and ropes and
62
wheels for mounting grades and for moving by steam on
common roads, as well as on rails, when in 1829, the
Stephensons, father and son, completed the Locomotive
" Rocket " and placed it upon the Liverpool and Manches-
ter road. Its success was at once complete and transpor-
tation by horse-power was doomed from that hour. In
America we were not behindhand in applying steam to
propulsion. It was already in use since 1807 on our
rivers, canals and lakes. The Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road was begun in 1827 ; other routes from New York
and Philadelphia soon after. In 1829-'30-'31 Massachu-
setts chartered roads from Boston to Lowell, to Provi-
dence and to Worcester.
In 1833, the Boston and Lowell road was extended to
Andover and Wilmington, and to Haverhill in 1835. This
was the first incursion of the iron monster into Essex, but
he rapidly made his way over the county, enfolding in
his fatal coils the poor struggling Stage Companies whose
nightly dreams were disturbed by the scream of the
whistle, and whose waking eyes, turn where they might,
were blasted with those words of doom, "Look out
for the engine" * For a time our directors stood up
*Mr. Tony Weller has favored the English-reading public with his views on
the Railway and its invasion of his native Island, in words which I am forced to
recall at this point. Said that eminent driver, as reported in " Master Humphrey's
Clock," '! consider that the rail is unconstitutional, and a inwader o' privileges.
As to the comfort as an old coachman I may say it veres the comfort o'
sitting in a harm-chair, a lookin' at brick walls, and heaps o' mud, never comin'
to a public 'ouse, never seein' a glass o' ale, never goin' thro' a pike, never meetin'
a change o' no kind (bosses or otherwise) but always comin' to a place, ven you
comes to vun at all, the werry picler o' the last I As to the honor and dignity o'
travellin' vere can that be vithout a coachman, and vats the rail to sich coachmen
as is sometimes forced to go by it, but a outrage and a insult ! and as to the in-
gen, a nasty wheeziu' creakin' gaspin' puffin' bustin' monster always out o'
breath, with a shiny green and gold back like a onpleasant beetle ; as to the ingen as
is alvays a pourin' out red-hot coals at night and black smoke in the day, the
sensiblest thing it does, in my opinion, is ven there's somethin' in the vay, and it
sets up that 'ere frightful scream vich seems to say ' now eres two hundred and
forty passengers in the werry greatest extremity o' danger, and eres their two
hundred and forty screams in run !'"
63
manfully to their struggle with fate. First they tried to
curtail their expenses, offered to sell real estate,
to buy in their stock at par, then at $60 and then at $50,
and pay for it in the personal effects of the company.
Fifty horses were to be disposed of at a stroke, and again
and again another fifty, hay and grain were high,
the appetites of live-stock inexorable. To add to their
embarrassment travel went on increasing as the hour of
dissolution drew near. More horses and more were re-
quired, and again and again they were forced to replace
those sold. To sell so large a stud at once, when the
end came, would bring prices down to a ruinous figure,
and the theory was generally accepted that, upon the es-
tablishment of steam cars, horse flesh would be worth little
more than dog's meat. Before the end of 1835 they had
joined the other proprietors of Newburyport turnpike in
offering five miles of it for the use of a projected Railroad
to Salem. In 1836 the Eastern Railroad was chartered.
Still they go on voting to sell their horses, still buying
more. Late in '36 they try adding twenty per cent, to
their fares. The directors meet once a month without no-
tice, sometimes at half past six in the morning. They
combine with thirteen like companies to keep up prices.
Opposition coaches take the road and prices come down
again. Late in '37, they try a reduction of wages, the
peremptory sale of thirty horses, " as the company is fast
approaching dissolution," they say sell the lease they
hold of Henry Codmau, of the Ann Street House, and
agree with the purchaser to keep their teams from day
to day sell the Exeter Stables, the Portsmouth and
Concord Stages, apply without success for a short ex-
tension of their charter to close the business, and in Feb-
ruary, '38, offer for sale the whole remaining assets of the
corporation.
64
This effort failing, the shareholders were for the last
time summoned to Hampton Falls, detailed reports
submitted, a fruitless effort made to start a new com-
pany, and the property turned over to trustees for final
administration, and so this respectable body-corporate died
without issue, at the stroke of midnight, June 26th, 1838.
Says the late Col. Whipple, who had been a director for
ten years, and became its president on the death of Dr.
Cleveland in 1837, "the holders of stock, during twenty
years, received eight and one-third per cent, in dividends
annually, and after paying all debts, between $66 and $67
on each share. It does not appear that a passenger was
killed or injured."
In August, 1838, the steam cars from Boston reached
Salem. The Register speaks of immense crowds on
every arrival and departure, covering the depot grounds
and the banks of the mill pond. In the belfry of the
wooden station house hung a bell, taken from a ruined
Spanish convent, and sold to one of our West Indiamen
for old metal, which was vigorously rung to summon pas-
sengers on the departure of a train. At first, the cars
took eleven hundred persons per day, but this, said the
papers, was evidently due to their novelty, and could not
be expected to continue. From six to eight hundred, it
was thought, could be relied on. In about a month, six-
teen hundred passengers were carried in one day, " the
best day's work yet," said the press with enthusiasm ! The
Boston Courier stated that the cars used were not of the
prevailing style, shaped like a coach-body with the door
on the side, but were of a new pattern, in which a man
may stand erect or pass from one to another, the whole
length of the train, while in motion, with perfect safety.
The passage from Salem to the Boston side of the ferry
occupied from thirty-five to forty minutes, and it was
65
hoped that about thirty-two minutes would be the average
time consumed, when all was completed. The Boston
Post announced that the witches came out of their graves
to see these new conveyances. They met all expecta-
tions, and Mr. George Peabody, the first President of the
Road, in his opening address delivered before the six
hundred stockholders and others, August 27th, called at-
tention to the fact that those doing business in Boston
could now live more cheaply in Salem than in Boston.
What the Railroad has done for us, in common with all the
environs of Boston, cannot be briefly stated. If Boston is
the Hub, the Railroads seen from the State House dome
are the living spokes, which bind it to an outer circle of
social and business relations. If these have carried off
our men of enterprise in search of a larger market, they
have brought back the wealth they accumulate, to beautify
our estates and elevate our culture, and make of Mas-
sachusetts Bay, from Plymouth to Cape Ann, one great
suburb in which the arts of cultivated life are brought to
aid the native charms of country living.
Of the two presidents of the Eastern Stage Company,
the first, Dr. Cleaveland, was a man of no common
stamp. He came of the stauuchest Puritan stock, his
great grandfather, Moses Cleavelaud, having emigrated in
his prime from Ipswich, in England, to Eastern Massa-
chusetts and left a numerous and distinguished progeny.
Some of them appear among the founders of Connecticut ;
many of them adorn the learned professions or fill chairs
in the universities. Dr. Cleaveland's father died on his
77th birthday, in 1799, having been for more than half a
century the pastor of Chebacco Parish in this county
a chaplain in both the French and Revolutionary wars,
present with the army at Ticonderoga in 1758, at Louis-
burg in 1759, at the siege of Boston in 1775, on the Con-
9
66
necticut shore in 1776, and in 1778 in New York and
New Jersey, and having given three sons to the Conti-
nental army.
Dr. Nehemiah Cleaveland was a man of large stature,
and of erect, dignified and commanding aspect. A tall
stripling of sixteen, he attended his father upon his ser-
vice as Chaplain during the siege of Boston, and in 1777
enlisted in the army as a common soldier. The stress of
war deprived him of the collegiate training to which he
had looked forward fondly, and kept him, during his
minority, either in the camp or at the plow. Having
subsequently mastered the science of medicine he began
practice at Topsfield in 1783, purchasing the stock of a
successful predecessor, as well as his library of just two
volumes. He was soon after complimented with a com-
mission as Justice of the Peace, and began to interest
himself in the public aifairs of town and county. As a
politician he was earnest, ardent and patriotic. He was
chosen, through Federalist support, to the State Senate
in 1811, and lost his seat the next year, under the opera-
tion of that famous districting system known as the " Ger-
rymander." From 1815 to 1819 he was reflected and
then withdrew. In 1814 he was a Sessions Justice of
the Circuit Court of Common Pleas. From 1820 to 1822
he was an Associate Justice of the Court of Sessions for
the county and in 1823 became its Chief Justice. This
station he filled with ability and firmness until 1828,
when he retired from public business, receiving at the
same time from Harvard College, the honorary degree of
Doctor of Medicine.
With an iron constitution and health, up to his fiftieth
year, untouched by disease, Dr. Cleaveland never laid
aside the practice of his profession, however interrupted,
but had extended it to all the neighboring towns. And
67
up to his death in February, 1837, at the age of 77, he
continued to serve, as their trusted physician, the com-
munity with which he had for fifty years identified him-
self by rare activity in every enterprise of moment. As
a neighbor he was sought for his willing and judicious
counsel, while his public career was marked throughout
by good judgment, sound sense and solid worth.
He was twice married and left five children, among
whom the eldest son, an honored graduate of Bowdoin,
a distinguished educator, man of letters and doctor of
laws, perpetuates his name and title.
Dr. Cleaveland's was one of those monumental charac-
ters which deserve study both for themselves and because
they are typical of their times. Formed in our Revolu-
tionary period, it was consolidated like the arch by the
pressure which events imposed upon it. If his principles
were austere, he applied them as rigidly to his own con-
duct as to his judgment of others. Thus he could in
youth forego, without a murmur, the college training he
had been promised, and, at the last, reject narcotics which
would have spared him excruciating torture, because they
might deaden his mental and moral sensibilities. Says
the late Dr. Peirson of Salem, in the "Medical and Sur-
gical Journal," "he was a much respected member of the
Essex South District Medical Society. No man amongst
us set a better example of professional integrity and
honor. The few who could boast of his friendship, will
long remember with pleasure the virtuous and kind-
hearted old man, whose influence was uniformly and
efficiently exerted in support of good order and the true
advancement of society."
It is not too much to say of Dr. Cleaveland that he
was a thorough-bred New England gentleman of the
eighteenth century. It has been granted us of to-day to
68
behold a brighter light ! Happy for us if posterity shall
find that we have lived up to it as nobly !
Col. Henry Whipple, the second and last president of
the Eastern Stage Company, has left us so lately that the
mention of his name is enough to recall a venerable pres-
ence and an exemplary life. He was born at Douglass in
Worcester County, June 24th, 1789, and died in his
eighty-first year, Dec. 2d, 1869. He served his appren-
ticeship with his brother, Charles, at Newburyport, and
opened a book-store in the Franklin (then Archer's)
Building in Salem, October, 1810. For three score years
from that time, including part of that golden era when
the story of Salem Commerce reads like an eastern fiction,
Col. Whipple was constant at his post, supplying our dar-
ing navigators with charts and books of travel, our
busy thinkers and bold projectors of enterprises distant
and domestic with the best intelligence of the day. Said
the Danvers Wizard in July, 1861, "it would be diffi-
cult to point to a man now living so identified with the
social, literary and denominational interests of Salem,
as is Col. Whipple. In almost all the societies of a
social and benevolent character he has been prominent
and active. With the grace of native dignity and the
bearing of a gentleman of the old school, the suavity of
his manner attracted to his place of business the elevated
and refined of Salem. His store was the resort and
lounging place of all the eminent men of the past who
have given a name to Salem in its modern history. Here
met Bowditch, Story, Prince, Pickering, the elder Wor-
cester, Barnard and Hopkins. Here Cummings discussed
politics with Glen King and Saltonstall, while Dr. Flint
and Judge White made criticisms on the last new book."
It was well said of Col. Whipple that in his death
Salem had lost one whom slander never touched, and who
had probably never made an enemy, his religious per-
suasion a consistent supporter, the militia a veteran
whose commissions bore date and expired before those of
any officer now living, and the Masonic body its oldest
member. First from seniority on the roll of the Active
Fire Club, and lately President of the Salem Dispensary,
a promoter in 1821 of the Salem and Danvers associ-
ation for mutual protection against thieves and robbers,
as well as an active militia-man from his enlistment in
the ranks of the Salem Light Infantry in 1811, until he
resigned the command of the Artillery Regiment of
Southern Essex, he was, in earlier as in later life, ready
at all times for whatever service devolves upon the good
citizen and Christian neighbor. At the close of the last
year, he fell peacefully asleep at his home in Salem, after
enjoying for a while a tranquil retrospect of the memo-
ries he was to leave behind.
The good old days of stage coach travel are over.
Gone, too, are most of those to whom they owed their
charm. The stage-driver, that next best man, it was
quaintly said, to the minister, out of jail, we have no
longer. The old stage houses are for the most part, as
in London, closed and deserted, or stand, "with a kind
of gloomy sturdiness, amidst the modern innovations
which surround them." Never again shall
The windows of the wayside inn
Across the meadows, bare and brown,
Gleam red with firelight through the leaves
Of woodbine, hanging from the eaves,
Their crimson curtains, rent and thin !
Even the Ann Street Stage House, the very focus of
New England travel, has vanished, and the name of the
street it stood on is fading out of mind ! Never again,
about its hospitable hearth, that well known company of
"whips" shall gather for a parting pipe, when guests are
70
dreaming, and night coaches in, and horses well-bestowed,
and smouldering embers, in its ample fire-place, give a fit-
ful, flickering light. I see them now, in their quaint old
chairs, whiffs of smoke curling lazily about their cheerful,
weather-beaten, ruddy faces, heavy, wet boots steam-
ing on the hearth, ample capes and top-coats flung
dripping on the benches, while they chat by turns and
stir the fire and laugh at the storm. There sat burly
Sam Eobiuson, telling how he served the sneak who stole
a ride on the trunk-rack every day as the noon coach
passed through Wenham, by driving into the pond at
Peter's Pulpit, under pretence of watering his horses, and
then making such vigorous application of the lash that
whoso rode behind was glad to escape his parthian blows
by dropping off into the water ! Or little Jack Mendum
mounts a chair to tell how he drove the "mail," and
"something broke" and the hungry passengers were all
out, hurrying him on, and the neighbors bustled about,
and he lost his patience, and making up in oaths what he
lacked in stature, bid them all stand aside and let him
manage, "for while I drive that mail, I am the United
States of America ! " Or Peter Ray recounts the driving
of the first steel spring coach to Boston on its trial trip,
freighted with the mechanics who were its builders, and
what a stir it made on 'change ! Or Major Shaw, blinded
by his great popularity, utters his famous threat of run-
ning the Railroad off the route, by opposition coaches !
Or Woodbury Page enjoys the discomfiture of the Charles-
town driver who roughly asked him to "get his bean pot
out of the way," when he was taking up a passenger
from that city for Beverly, and he replied, "wait till I
get the pork in !" Or they all debate, with the warmth of
conviction, the relative merits of the northern and south-
ern routes to the eastward, until Alex. Brown declares
71
that stage routes to the east are like different creeds in
religion, for all creeds lead to Heaven, if faithfully fol-
lowed, upon which reticent little Conant taps his pipe
on the great iron fire-dog, and as the ashes drop upon the
hearth, puts it tenderly away in his waistcoat pocket,
remarking that he would rather not go to Heaven at all,
if he must go by the Dover route, and retires to bed.
Each had his tale to tell, and each
Was anxious to be pleased and please,
With rugged arts of humorous speech.
Never again, in that quaint old hostelry, shall
The fire-light on their faces glance.
Their shadows on the wainscot dance. *
And the coaches which once, says a writer in the Lynn
Reporter, "raised such a dust on the turnpike, night and
day, that Breed's End knew no rest, and the road seemed
made for their accommodation, so much at home were
* A list of drivers employed on the Eastern Stage Routes, kindly furnished by
Hon. Allen W. Dodge. Those known to be dead at the date of publication, June
1871, are marked thus : (*)
Benjamin Akerman,
* John Akerman,
William Akerman,
Charles Annable,
*Perley Annable,
* Robert Annable,
* Nathaniel Aubin,
* Willis Barnabee,
David Batchelder,
Isaac Bracket,
* Nathaniel Bradshaw,
* Alexander Brown,
Benjamin Canny,
Moses B. Canny,
Nathan Carter,"
* Orlando Chandler,
*Alexander R. Chute,
Aaron Conant,
William Conant,
Camden Davis,
J. Holt Drake,
* Simon P. Drake,
Wm. Forbes,
* John Foss,
Nathaniel Gerrish,
* William Hanson,
* Moses Head,
Truman Herrick,
John Holland,
*Levi Hou stings,
C. C. Jackson,
* John Johnson,
* Albert Knight,
Edmund Knight,
* James Knox,
* J. Sherbum Leavitt,
*WifliamR. Long,
* Adrian Low,
* Stephen Marshall,
* Thomas Marshall,
* John May,
* Stephen May,
* John Mendum,
* John Merrill,
* James Merrow,
John Miller,
Frederick Mitchell,
Joseph Moses,
*Woodbury Page,
*Josiah Patch,
* Nathaniel Patch,
*Lot Peach,
* John Pearson,
* James Pike,
* Isaac Pinkham,
Eppes Porter,
* James Potter,
Joseph Potter,
* Oliver Potter,
* William Potter,
Jeremiah Prescott,
*Bickford L. Rand.
Peter Ray,
John F. Reniick.
*Joseph E. Kobinson,
* Samuel Robinson,
Calvin Rockwood,
Eseck Saunders,
Benj. Savory,
* Chester Shattuck.
Moses Shaw,
Samuel Shaw,
* Shepard Smith,
Sherborn Somerbv,
* Prince Stetson,
* William Stinson,
Jacob Tenney,
Moses Tenney,
Enoch Tilton,
Oliver Towe,
* Fortune Tozer.
*Wm. Tozer,
Gideon Walker,
Amos Whitten,
*John Wiggin.
* James Wildes,
Jacob Winchester.
72
they on it in their day of glory," are all gone now. Over
Essex. Bridge, over the turnpike, through Salem streets,
horse-cars now rumble and rattle with their growing
freight. And at last the single coach, which brought us
daily the dust and mail bags of Cape Ann, has disap-
peared forever. Never again shall we gather at the cot-
tage gate, as the clatter of wheels and the cloud of dust
approach, to welcome the aged parent, the coming guest,
the daughter home from school. Never again shall we
linger in the open doorway of a New England homestead,
in tender parting with the young son setting out for sea,
or on some distant westward venture, to speed the
lovers starting together on the life-long journey, never
again cast longing glances after that receding freight of
dear ones, until at last the winding road and over-hang-
ing elm trees part us, and we sit sadly down to listen,
While faint from farther distance borne
Are heard the clanging hoof and horn.
Never again will the midnight watcher by the silent bed-
side hear the mail-stage arrive and go, leaving its mes-
sages of love and sorrow for the sleeping townsfolk, and
sing, with Hannah Gould,*
" The rattling of that reckless wheel
That brings the bright or boding seal
To crown thy hopes or end thy fears,
To light thy smiles or draw thy tears,
As line on line is read."
Famous levelers were these old stage coaches and mas-
ters in etiquette also ! What chance-medley of social el-
ements they brought about ! What infinite attrition of
human particles, what jostling of ribs and elbows,
what contact inconvenient, nose to nose ! What conse-
quent rounding and smoothing of angles and corners,
* The " Midnight Mail," a poem written by Miss Gould while watching with a
sick friend, on the arrival of the night coach at Newburyport.
73
what a test of good-nature, what a tax on forbear-
ance, what a school of mutual consideration! For
how else could a dozen strangers consent to be boxed
up and shaken together for a day, but upon condition
that each was to exhibit the best side of his nature and
that only !
To the next generation, the old stage coach will be as
shadowy and unreal a thing as were those which appeared,
musty and shattered, to the uncle of the one eyed Bag-
man in Pickwick, while he dozed at midnight in the
Edinboro' courtyard. "My uncle," says the Bagman iu
telling the story, "rested his head upon his hands and
thought of the busy, bustling people who had rattled
about years before in the old coaches and were now as
silent and as changed. He thought of the numbers of
people to whom one of those crazy, mouldering vehicles
had borne, night after night, through all weathers, the anx-
iously expected intelligence, the eagerly looked for re-
mittance, the promised assurance of health and safety,
the sudden announcement of sickness and death. The
merchant, the lover, the wife, the widow, the mother, the
school-boy, the very child who tottered to the door at
the postman's knock, how had they all looked forward to
the arrival of the old coach ! And where were they all
now ! "
GLEANINGS FROM THE FILES OF THE COURT OF
GENERAL SESSIONS OF THE PEACE.
COMMUNICATED BY JAMES KIMBALL.
No. 1.
1697. William Baker, Glovyer,
vs.
Charles Attwood, his apprentice.
THE history of this curious case has preserved to us
the usages and customs, incident to the relations of Mas-
ter and Apprentice, as embodied in the common law at
this early period.
Charles Attwood of Ipswich was indented to William
Baker of Ipswich on the llth day of April, 1687, to
serve him until the 5th day of March, when he would
have arrived at the lawful age of twenty-one years,
which time would have expired on the 5th of March,
1699, but by the omission of the word nine after ninety
in the Indenture, he left his Master before he was of law-
ful age.
His Master, no doubt for the purpose of securing his
services for the unexpired time, complains of him for
stealing; the penalty for which was to be whipped, to
pay fine and cogts, also to pay treble the value of the ar-
ticles stolen, and if unable to pay the penalty and costs,
then to be sold into service, for such a length of time as
would nett the required amount, to any person who would
be responsible to the Court for the same.
Baker's object appears to have been to recover the ser-
vices of his Apprentice, trusting that, after the complaint
was made, neither the boy nor his friends would risk a
trial, and the consequent penalty.
(74)
75
"Ipswich, July 30, 1697.
BAKER'S COMPLAINT.
William Baker of Ipswich, Glov er , brings his Servant
Charles Attwood, that had run from him & been absent
some considerable tyme, charge th him w th stealing sev-
erall things and carrying them away w th him, as a bridle
& a new suit of cloathes, and upon his examination being
demanded of the Dep nt whe'er he was Giltie and he
pleaded not Giltie, but upon his examination, owned y l
he had the Cloaths, for he said he had worue the briches
before, but not the coat & denied that he had the bridle.
For further Examination & Triall I sent him to Ipswich
Goal & there to remaine to the next sessions of the
peace to be holdeu for the County of Essex at Newbury
on the last Tuesday in September next, 1697. Before
JOHN APPLETON, J. Peace."
On the foregoing complaint of Baker the Grand Jury
found an indictment, and he was set for trial. The Pro-
ceedings under said indictment are entered in the Records
of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace as follows :
" Att A Generall Sessions of the Peace holden at New-
bury, September the 28th, 1697.
Charles Attwood being Indited for stealing a Coat and
pair of breeches from William Baker his Master Matter
of fact committed to a Jury Impaneled and sworne,
who find him not Guilty. The Court's Judgement is that
he be Dismist paying cost."
The Depositions filed on Baker's complaint against Att-
wood for stealing, are interesting, giving us to under-
stand somewhat of the evidence submitted to the Juries
of those early days.
"The Deposition of William Baker, Aged 42 years, tes-
tifieth and saith y t some time in July, 1697, being on y e
Rhoad travilling from Rhode-Hand bringing my servant
Charles Attwood home, I asked him what he had done
with y* new Sarge suite y* he stole from me when he Rane
76
Away, he said ; that as he was going over sea the Coat
was washed overbord ; and y e briches he had worn out."
"The deposition of Tho s Bennet, aged about 27 years.
This deponent Testifieth & Saith that last July past, I be-
ing In Company with Charles Attwood & he Told me y*
he Lost the Sarge Coat that he Carried away from his
master In going over a reaver at y e Southard and a paire
of Britches he wore out that he caried away also."
"The Deposition of Martha Smith, about 40 yers old,
testy-fieth and saith that som tim in agust, 1696, Wil-
liam Baker showed me a pise of Searg, and asked me the
deponent whether ther was enough to make Charles Att-
wood a coat and a pair of briches. I told him I thought
ther be enough, then the said Baker said he would get
my husband to make them for Charles Attwood, wher-
upon Charles Attwood brought the Searg and my husband
mad them, and Charles fheched the clos away.
Sworn in Court.
Newbury, Sept. 28, 1697.
STEPH SEWALL, CL"
"The Deposition of thos Smith, Juu'r, Aged a boute 40
yeares, testifieth that in Sept in the year 1696, I made a
Jacote & a pare of briches for Charles Attwood upon his
Master's a compt (*& that hee tooke measure of s d
Attwood.) Sworn in Curt at Newbury this 28 Sept. 97.
Attest SEWALL, CL"
"The depossition of Dar s Woodwell, aged aboute 20
yeares. testifieth & saith that shee sawe Charles At wood
Cut out and mak e apare of Gloves for a man with Lined
Tops with an Intent for John Lord & this wase whille he
was a sarveant with his Master Baker. & it was unbe-
known to his Master.
Oath made to the truth of the above s d writing and
notice given to Charles Attwood by me.
Sept r 23 d 97. JOHN APPLETON, Jus. Peace."
* These words in brackets are in the handwriting of the Clerk.
77
"The Deposition of Sarah Wascoat Aged aboute 23
yeares. Testifieth & saith y l being at the house of Good-
wife Atwood sometime this last Somer I Sawe apare of
Gloves with lined tops, & this knowing y* thay Came
from Mr. Baker, his Master. I asked Thomas Atwood
when he had them Gloves. he anssward to me y e he
bovgt them of Charles Atwood for a black Doge, &
that s d Gloves he made with a Intent for John Lord.
Ips ch Sep r 23 rd 1697. Sworn before me & timely notice
given to Charles Attwood by me.
JOHN APPLETON, J. Peace"
Baker, not proving his case against Attwood for steal-
ing, makes another complaint against him for running
away from his service and the following papers are filed
in this case.
"Essex ss.
To the Houo ble Justices of Quarter Sessions of the
Peace holden at Newbury, Sept. 28th, 1697.
William Baker of Ipswich Glover, Complains of Charles
Attwood for that the s d Attwood being an Aprentice viito
him the s d Baker as by an Indentur vnder his hand &
Scale, dated the 11 th day of April 1687. And his time not
expired vutill the 1st day of March, w ch would be in y e
yeare 1698-9 he being to serve the s d Baker 13 years
from the 1st day of March 1686. The s d Charles Att-
wood, Contrary to his s d Indenture & his Covenant &
engagement therein expressed, Absented himself from
his the s d Bakers service & Run away from him his s d mas-
ter the 16th day of September 1696, and so hath continued
out of his s d master's service to this day, which is to y e
said Baker's greivous damage, he haveiug been out much
time and expense in psueing & Recovering the said Ap-
prentice beside the want of his Worke in his calling for
above one whole yeare.
The said Baker humbly prays your honors to order the
s d Charles Attwood to serve out his time with s d Baker,
According as by his said Indenture he is bound.
Your Honors humble Serv 1
WILLIAM BAKER."
78
The subjoined Papers are filed in this case.
"This Indenture made y e Eleventh day of Aprill Anno :
1687. Witnesseth that Charles Atwood with y e consent
of his Father Thomas Atwood of Ipswich in the County
of Essex in Newengland hath put himself an Apprentice
unto William Baker of y e said Ipswich for y e term of
time Beginning from y e day above written, untill y e fift
day of March, which will in y e year of our Lord one
Thousand Six hundred & Ninety Thirteen years by Com-
putation wanting only y e time since y e fift day of March
last past till y e above written Then to be Compleated,
Expired & fully ended. During which foresaid Term to
live, dwell with said William Baker his Master doing all
his said Master's Lawful Commandments not absenting
himself from his said Master's Service either by night or
by day keeping his said Master's Secrets not to contract
matrimony but in all things himself well behave liveing
after y e maner of an Apprentice trustfyly & Faithfully
& y e said William Baker on his part is to provide for
Charles Atwood aforesaid his Apprentice Meat drink
washing Lodging clothes & all things needfull & neces-
sary for such an Apprentice during y e said Term & with-
in y e said Term to teach his said Apprentice y e Art &
mistery of y e Trade of a glover & y e Art & mistery of a
white Leather dresser suficiently for y e use of a glover &
all other things conserning y e Art and misterys aforesaid
so as that end of y e said Term his said Apprentice shall
have proficencie in y e Knowledge & handy practicall part
of y e foresaid Arts & misteries being Imployed mostly
for y attaining thereof during y e said Term.
Also within y e said Term to teach or cause to be taught
his said Apprentice to read to write y e English Tongue
Suficently & so farr in y e Art of Arithmetick as well to
doe y e rule of three, called y e golden rule or rule of
proportion & at y e end & Expiration of y c said Term
shall then lett his said Apprentice have double new good
suits of Apparell throughout in evry perticular things as
Jaucoats Coats Waistcoates Briches drawers Trowssers
shirts Neckcloths Hatts stockings shoes gloves Hanker-
chiefs. Two of evry perticular one of said suits to be
79
made of good Sold cloth or stuff by Merchants Hand-
some & comely for Sabbath dayes. y e other of New good
strong home made cloth.
To this Indenture the parties abovesaid have put to
their hands & Scales Interchangeably this day & yeare
first above writen.
Signed Sealed & delivered Signed Charles Attwood
in y e presence of & Sealed his
Thomas Lowell Thomas x Attwood
Mary Lowell Mark."
"The Deposition of Richard Lowe of Ipswich being
of full age Testifieth & saith : Aboutt y e time y 1 Thorn 8
Attwood Bound oute his Soun Charles Attwood An
Aprentiss to W lm Baker of Ips. "Glover." y e s d Attwood
being att my house, he told me y* he had Bound Charles
Aprentiss to Will m Baker, for thirteen years, saying he
would then be twenty & one years of Age when his time
came out. I asked s d Attwood why he bound him for so
long a time he told me y* s d Baker was to learn him y e
trade of a Glover, & to Dress his Lether. Also to read
& write & Cast Acompts fitt to Keep A merchautts Book.
Ips h Sep r 24 th 1697. Sworne and timely notice was
given to the adverse Party.
Before me, JOHN APPLETON, J. Peace."
"Ann Louell aged a Bout 73 yeares. saith shee did
understand to the Best of her memory that Charles Att-
wood should a bin bound to William Baker from the time
he went first to live with him s d Baker til thirteen yeares
were expired. Shee asked Tho s Attwood why he wold
bind a child so yong for so long time to a Glover, he said
he had several Children and that he did like s d Baker and
was sattistied.
Sworne the 24th of Sept. 1697. in Ips h . timely notice
was given to the adverse Party. Before me
JOHN APPLETON, J. Peace."
"The Deposition of Joseph Cabsbe & Robert Lord,
both of full age testyfie and say y* sum time in Sep 1 1696
being on Ocasion at y e house of the widow Attwood dis-
coursing with her tonsaruing her sun Charles his Inden-
80
ture, we tould her we did beleve y t the honest intent of
it was y* Charles should sarve y e 13 years (said she) soe
he might if they had not differd. She said they knew
how y l Indentur run at first, for when her husband
brought it home he threw it into her Lape, and tould her
thare was Charles rite, then she took up y e Indenture and
see how it was rite and told her husband y* he had bound
the boye for but A bout 3 yeares. then s d he that's a
mistake he is bound for 13 yeares and when he found it
to be soe. had charged her not to Lett it be known : add-
ing these words, that he should Not be taken from him
untill y e time is expired if he used him well : She did
also say that she did never Eead it to any : but Charles by
Looking over sum of her wrightings after her husband
was dead found this Indentur, and said his time had bin
out agreat whill ; after which time he s d Charles was dis-
contented, and that made him Run away. and for y l
Indentur. she did believ that y e honist Intent of it was
13 years : but now William Baker shall dare his worst,
what is ritt must stand : they must stand by the Indentur
and not by ye honest intent."
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
ESSEX INSTITUTE.
VOL. XI. JULY AND OCTOBER. Nos. 2 & 3.
MEMOIR OF ASAHEL HtfNTINGTON,
BY
OTIS IP. LORD.
[READ AT A SPECIAL MEETING, TUESDAY, SEPT. 5, 1871.]
MR. PRESIDENT : It is an ordination of Providence, that
social life shall be continuous. Communities do not cease to
exist. Their members are constantly passing away, and they
are succeeded by others and the common life goes steadily on.
The vacancy occasioned by the departure of an individual,
however eminent, is soon filled. As the human " organization
remains the same, though its constituent particles are in process
of perpetual decay and renewal, so a community continues to
be identical, though every member of it is changed. It is,
indeed, only natural that in our first thoughts upon the void
occasioned by the death of a great and good man, we should
feel that society itself has undergone a change, and that the
loss to it is irreparable ; and when the death is that of an inti-
mate and prized friend, there comes, also, the feeling of oppor-
tunities lost, of occasions neglected when we should have
learned more of his virtues and treasured more carefulty his
excellences ; the feeling, that if the companionship could be
82
restored to us, but for a short time, we would know him better
and more intimately.
In the freshness of our sorrow we overlook a great law of
human existence, which reasserts itself on calmer reflection,
and we perceive that grief like this is a superficial and, to some
extent, a selfish emotion.
It is undoubtedly a beneficent arrangement of the Divine
wisdom, that we live with our friends not as if they were about
to die, but rather as though they would be always with us. If,
in obedience to that law by which death is appointed for all, a
friend is taken away, we have his life to comfort and instruct
us.
The only memorial of the 'good man, which is not worth-
less, is a review of his life a recurrence to his daily walk,
with all its acts and -charities, in which we find the evidences
and the elements of character. Statues and mausoleums are
meaningless, if the life, which they would commemorate, does
not give them vitality ; for we value the tomb because of the
life which consecrates it, and not the life because of the tomb,
however splendid. The grandest sepulchres of the world, im-
mortalizing no great deed, are. regarded but as monuments of
wasted labor ; while the mere recital of one high act of charity,
which developed the life and character of a poor and obscure
widow, is itself a memorial that can never perish.
It is in this view that I have accepted your invitation to pre-
pare and read before you a memorial of our late honored and
respected fellow citizen the Honorable ASAHEL HUNTINGTON
and I shall best satisfy myself, and, I doubt not, you also,
by a simple narration of those incidents and traits, which
secured to him the eminent position he held while he lived, and
which afford to us the sweet memories that we would fondly
cherish.
He was born at Topsfield, in this county, July 23, 1798. He
was the son of Rev. Asahel and Mrs. Alethea (Lord) Hunt-
ington. At the time of his birth, his father was the acceptable
and beloved pastor of the Congregational church and society
of that town. His first ancestor, who arrived in this country,
83
landed in Boston, in 1633, a widow with five children ; her hus-
band, Simon Huntington, from Norwich in England, having
died upon the passage. One of these children, Christopher
Huntington, settled in Norwich, Connecticut. Christopher's
son Christopher lived in that part of Norwich, which is now
Franklin. His son, Barnabas, was the father of Rev. Asahel
Huntington, the father of him whose life we commemorate.
All these men, influential and respected in their time, holding
commanding positions in the church and in their municipali-
ties, were of the kind which created New England character.
The farm which the second Christopher owned and occupied
in Franklin, was lately owned and occupied by Azariah Hunt-
ington, a cousin of our friend, having descended unalienated
and undivided through four generations. The mother of
Asahel was one of five daughters of Dr. Elisha Lord of Pom-
fret, Connecticut, u a good physician and a good man." These
five sisters were all married, and with- one exception left chil-
dren surviving them. The eldest married Dr. Nehemiah
Cleaveland and resided in Topsfield. They were all, for their
time, of unusual culture. Though separated by a long dis-
tance difficult to be overcome, a year seldom passed without a
reunion either in Connecticut or Massachusetts. These de-
lightful gatherings were not without influence as well upon the
subject of these remarks as upon others connected with them.
Endowed by nature with persons more than comely, with
marked superiority of intellect, and graced by those charms
of character which delight and attract, they were women from
whom descend men of the highest type of manhood.
Upon both sides our friend came from unmixed Puritan
stock. The Rev. Mr. Huntington, his father, was graduated
with the highest honors of the class at Dartmouth College in
1786, and was settled in Topsfield in 1789. He was a true
specimen of the New England pastor, and might well have sat
for the village preacher of Goldsmith :
" A man he was to all the country dear,
And passing rich with forty pounds a year."
The village pastor, of the latter part of the last century and
84
the beginning of this, is a character unknown at the present
day.
Like most others of the class, Mr. Huntington was pastor,
farmer and schoolmaster. A portion of the time he taught the
public school, or, in the language of the day, he kept the town
school. His teaching, however, was not thus limited. As was
the custom at that time, when there were few academies and no
high schools, he, like many other clergymen, took scholars from
abroad into his family, some to fit for college, others, especially
mates of vessels, to educate in the science of navigation. Be-
sides his own children, he had pupils from Boston, from this
city, from Newburyport, from Ipswich and occasionally a
Creole from the West Indies.
It is, of itself, a eulogy upon his character and influence that
so -many young men from the small village of Topsfield and its
vicinity were induced and aided by him to seek a public educa-
tion. Of these, were that beloved man, so affectionately re-
membered by all the older citizens of this place, the Hon.
David Cummins, for many years a leader of the bar of this
county, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas as pure
minded and upright a magistrate as ever graced the ermine in
any State ; the late Benjamin Al thorp Gould, so long the dis-
tinguished master of the Boston Latin School ; the Hon. Asa
Waldo Wildes, for many years the chairman of the County
Commissioners of this county ; Rev. Jacob Hood, Rev. Eben-
ezer Perkins, Dr. Israel Balch, Dr. Josiah Lamson, and Dr.
George Osborne all well known in this vicinity. There was,
also, another pupil during several years under his instruction,
a cousin of Asahel, Nehemiah Cleaveland, LL. D., the elegant
scholar and accomplished gentleman, who long presided over
that ancient institution, known as Dummer Academy, beloved
and respected by all his pupils ; still living in advanced and
vigorous manhood, receiving the grateful esteem of hundreds
of pupils, whose course and usefulness in life had its first im-
pulse from his kind and courteous instruction. I am glad to
be able on this occasion to pay my personal tribute of respect
and affectionate veneration to my earliest instructor in an aca-
85
demic institution, and to acknowledge my indebtedness to him
for what is of value in this memorial of his kinsman, between
whom and himself, during a contemporaneous life of three-
score and ten years, there had been unbroken, mutual confi-
dence, respect and love.
The fitting a young gentleman for college was, then, an
entirely different thing from the same task, at present ; and
without making comparisons, the village clergyman of Tops-
field might well have boasted of the preparations he had made.
It was not usual, at that time, to test the capacity of a boy's
mind by the quantity of heterogeneous matter which could be
crammed into it. The foundation of instruction was disci-
pline. The mind and body were both disciplined ; obedience
and self-control were cardinal virtues. The mind was an in-
strument to work, and by discipline to become self-acting, and
to impress itself upon its acts : not a mere reservoir, to receive
what could be forced into it and to take impression from what
came in contact with it. A preparation for college was rather
to teach the boy how to study than merely to impart knowl-
edge.
Like most fathers of the time Mr. Huntington thought it de-
sirable that his son should have the advantage of study away
from home, and at the age of eleven years he was sent to the
academy at Bradford and became a boarder in the family of
Rev. Mr. Allen, then the minister of the town. The means
of the father did not justify the payment of board, and Asahel
was taken into the family of a brother clergyman and boarded
in compensation for the labor he could perform in taking care
of the minister's cow and horse, and doing the chores of the
family. Young as he was, the advantages from this contract
were not all on his side. Even before this period, I have the
authority of the cousin, to whom I have referred, for saying :
" he was sensible and serious, earnest and practical, a will-
ing, capable and diligent boy. In a family like his father's,
with a small farm to be looked after, there is always plenty of
work, and this strong, willing lad early began to do more, per-
haps, than his share. No labor within the compass of his
86
ability was so hard or so unpleasant, that he did not bend to
it with a will. The problem of life in so far as that means
the getting of a living seemed to have caught his attention
at a period when boys, in general, think of little beyond their
studies and their play. He discovered very early the value of
property, being eager to earn and careful to save." By labor-
ing for the neighbors in the vicinity for small compensation, by
raising fowls and husbanding their produce, he was enabled to
embark in the business of sheep raising, and while yet a mere
lad, became the owner of a flock of very considerable value.
During his stay at Bradford I am inclined to think that he
acquired but little except discipline and those associations
and memories with which, in the latter years of his life, he was
accustomed, occasionally, to regale his more intimate acquaint-
ances.
He was in his fifteenth year when his father died, after an ill-
ness of only four days. His elder brother, Elisha, afterwards
a physician of much respectability, and frequently honored
with important trusts by the people of Lowell, where he re-
sided, and also by the people of the Commonwealth in electing
him to the office of Lieut. Governor, was, at the time, in col-
lege. A younger brother, Hezekiah, who died quite young,
wtis sickly and weak, and the care of the home and farm de-
volved almost wholly upon Asahel. These duties he performed
with an ability and discretion beyond his years. He had all
but the entire direction and did a large part of the work with
his own hands.
Dr. Nehemiah Cleaveland, between whom and his brother-in-
law there existed a friendship of unusual strength with a
mutual confidence, administered upon the estate of Mr. Hunt-
ington, and became the legal guardian of the five fatherless
children. The property, though considerable, in view of the
circumstances and conditions under which it had been ac-
quired, was yet hardly equal in amount to our friend's annual
official income, during the last years of his life. As the
guardian, and kind, judicious friend of young Asahel, Dr.
Cleaveland did much towards laying the solid foundation of
87
his character, and was at that time undoubtedly more instru-
mental in accomplishing the wishes and aims of his relative in
the education of his son, than any, or than all other persons ;
and it would not be pardoned, if I omitted a passing notice of
that most excellent man.
Inheriting from a father, who was eminently a patriot Chris-
tian pastor, the principles of the men who laid the foundations
of our republic, and himself, when a mere boy of seventeen,
enlisting in the service of the country during one of the dark-
est years of the revolutionary struggle, he lived to become a
marked man in the history of his native county. Deprived, by
the severity of the times, of the collegiate education which his
father had designed for him, he devoted himself after leaving
the army, to the study of medicine, first at Byfield under the
care of his brother, Dr. Parker Cleaveland, and subsequently
in Ipswich, under the tuition of Dr. John Manning, then
eminent as a physician, and commenced the practice of his
profession in Topsfield. During a long and honorable life, he
enjoyed the respectful esteem of his contemporaries ; called at
various times to the highest political and judicial offices in the
county, he performed every duty with an ability and fidelity
which reflected upon him high honor.
To the care of such a counsellor was young Huntington com-
mitted ; and I should fail in that part of my duty, which my
friend, could he speak, would be least willing to have omitted,
did I not speak of the parental care and affection, which this
truly wise and affectionate guardian bestowed upon his young
ward. The little patrimony was carefully and anxiously pre-
served. By his counsels and by his support, the young man
was encouraged and sustained in all the efforts and sacrifices
necessary to secure the education, which the death of his father
had well nigh prevented. Of him might our friend say, in the
language of the youthful bard :
" Some I remember and will ne'er forget,
My early friends * * * *
My counsellors * * * my guides
******* in doubt
My oracles, my wings in high pursuit."
88
The influences which form and develop character are silent
and oftentimes secret, and yet, so far as we can now see, we
are authorized to attribute the course and the character of
our friend very much to the formative guidance and direction
of his beloved and respected uncle, whose interest in the wel-
fare of his ward continued long after he had entered upon the
active scenes and duties of life.
When, at the close of the sad, industrious summer which
succeeded the death of his father, the uncle advised his nephew
and ward to enter Phillips' Academy, with a view to college,
he at first objected, from doubts and fears of the expense. He
knew how small was his own share of the little property, and
probably thought that his mother and sisters, and perhaps his
brothers, might feel the need of his continued and not unskil-
ful toil. But the judicious friend, then standing in the place
of a parent, understood his capacities and knew much more
than he did of life and the world, and soon convinced him that
an education, though at first expensive and liable to be embar-
rassing, would more than repay its cost, and be far better in
the end not only for himself, but for those in whom he felt so
deeply interested.
Yielding to these considerations, he entered Phillips' Acad-
emy in the autumn of 1813, where his habits were studious and
his conduct exemplary. He was manly in his deportment, yet
not, I am glad to say, without a vein of roguishness. The boy
without this element seldom shows much manliness in later
life. At Andover, he had for his classmate, and part of the
time for a roommate, Milton P. Braman, now so well known
among us as an able divine and brilliant writer. He was the
son of Rev. Isaac Braman of New Rowley, now Georgetown.
The fathers of these boys had lived in the closest intimacy,
and their mutual regard was easily and naturally transmitted
to their sons. Unlike in temperament and tastes, they soon
became strongly attached to each other, and the friendship
then begun was never broken. The following remarks in rela-
tion to his former schoolmate are taken from a recent letter of
the Rev. Dr. Braman, and will interest and possibly surprise
89
some of those who knew our friend well. "When a youth, he
had a most exuberant love of fun. His sense of the comic
and ludicrous was very keen ; and he was accustomed to divert
himself, greatly, with the eccentricities, curious peculiarities,
petty foibles and amusing habits of those within his observa-
tion, whose demeanor in those particularities was strongly
marked. His humor was much expended when a youth in
laughable practical jokes, which, as his age became riper, he
put away with other childish things. As this propensity be-
came chastened by age, you know how much it contributed to
the agreeableness of his society."
Many, whom I address, have undoubtedly heard him, half-
seriously and half-jokingly, claim to be a soldier of the war of
1812. It is well known that the people of Boston and its vi-
cinity were alarmed, while the British men-of-war were upon
our coast, lest the territory should be invaded. The boys of
Phillips' Academy, young Huntington among the number, de-
sired to do what they might in their country's cause, and, in a
body, walked to Charlestown, labored with their spades for a
whole day upon the redoubts, and walked back again to An-
dover and to their studies, not only with a consciousness of
duty performed, but proud and happy that they had elicited
words of compliment and commendation from that great man,
Josiah Quincy, who was then one of the trustees of Phillips'
Academy, and who had gone to Charlestown not only to see,
but to praise them.
In consequence of his limited means, he was received at the
academy as a beneficiary, but the bread then cast upon the
waters after many days returned.
Within a few years past, the academy building was destroyed
by fire, and a meeting of the Alumni was called to provide
means for rebuilding it. Our friend, if he did not originate
the call, was among the first to respond to it, and was selected
to preside over the deliberations. By his own liberal sub-
scription, and by his zealous and effective aid, in procuring
contributions from others, he more than repaid in money what
he had received, thus evincing a grateful and affectionate
90
attachment to his early benefactor more valuable even than
his gift.
He entered Yale College in 1815, and was graduated in
course in 1819. I have again to acknowledge my indebted-
ness to the kinsman before referred to, who has not only
favored me with his own reminiscences, but has obtained from
Mr. Jonathan Edwards, a classmate of his cousin, now living
in New Haven, this testimony :
" As he was in a different division of the class, and roomed
at a distance from me" (in the early part of his college life he
did not occupy a room in the college buildings) " I saw but
little of him in his early college career. I knew, however, that
he was exemplary in his deportment, accurate in scholarship,
regular in attendance on college duties and more mature in
character than most around him. I never knew him engaged
in any of the dissipation or light amusement, which engrossed
so much of the time of many others. He was kind, courteous
and conciliating in his intercourse with others ; made many
friends, but no enemies, and preserved through his college life
the character of a gentleman. As I recollect him, he pos-
sessed then the genial manners, which he retained through life.
* * * He was among the first scholars of his class
having an oration assigned him at Commencement."
There is abundant evidence that during his course his rank
in all respects was high, and that it was continually improving.
In his senior year, he won the Berkleyan prize for excellence in
classic literature, but was, however, deprived of the benefit of
it, which is conditioned upon a residence in New Haven. Such
residence Mr. Huntington contemplated, and actually made
the city his home for a few months after graduation ; not long
enough, however, to entitle him to receive any portion of the
Berkleyan bounty.
Having fixed upon the profession of the law as best adapted
to his habits of thought, his disposition and his tastes, and
being still in straitened circumstances, he selected Newbury-
port as a place, where, situated as he was, he could most suc-
cessfully and least expensively pursue his studies. It was the
91
place of residence of the late Hon. Asa W. "Wildes, a gentle-
man from Topsfield, a pupil of his father, then a young practi-
tioner of the law, who invited Mr. Huntington into his family,
where he found a pleasant home. Mr. Wildes was a gentle-
man of great amiability of character, a warm friend and a
genial companion ; and when, in the later years of his life,
misfortunes and reverses overtook him, they, who knew these
early associations, understood the fidelity and the affection,
with which Mr. Huntington adhered to his friend and former
benefactor. He never ceased, however changed the circum-
stances, to remember a kindness, and while he repaid such
debts in kind even usuriously, he never withheld that better
than payment in kind his grateful remembrance of it. He
entered the office of John Scott, Esq., then also a young law-
yer of Newburyport. Mr. Scott died while Mr. Huntington
was still a student in his office, leaving a widow and several
small children, and as is the case with most young attorneys,
he was poor. The widow and several of the children died be-
fore Mr. Huntington ; but his quiet, unobtrusive, and almost
unobserved devotion to that widow and those fatherless chil-
dren, during her life and as long as he lived, was more like
romance than like real life. There were no relations between
them or between their families, either of consanguinity or asso-
ciation there was nothing in the social position nothing
to call forth the sympathy and assistance, which extended
through a period of time equal to an estimated generation
except widowed and orphan dependence. To this call the
heart, the purse, the sympathy of our friend always responded.
At the time he was in the office of Mr. Scott, there was, in
Newburyport, an unusual proportion of intelligent and culti-
vated young men, many of them originating and residing there,
or in the immediate vicinity, and no inconsiderable number from
abroad, pursuing their studies preparatory to entering upon
their respective professions. Probably there was no more
brilliant coterie of young gentlemen in the Commonwealth ;
certainly none in any single municipality so unpretentious as
Newburyport. Very many of them, as you are probably all
92
aware, were made famous by the genius of that gifted poetess,
Miss Gould, in those choice morceaux in the form of epitaphs,
so pleasantly and humorously descriptive of their more promi-
nent peculiarities. Of all those thus early dedicated to fame
by her graphic pen, the honorable Caleb Gushing of Newbury-
port, and Bailey Bartlett, Esq. of Lawrence, alone survive.
Taken in connection with what Dr. Braman says of Mr. Hunt-
ington's fondness for deriving amusement from the eccentrici-
ties, curious peculiarities and petty foibles of others, I am
prepared to believe what I am told by an eminent literary
man, a native of Newburyport, that the materials for all these
epitaphs were furnished by Mr. Huntington, and that they were
prepared at his suggestion and under his personal supervision ;
while that upon himself, which was one of the earliest, if not
the very first in point of time, was merely a ruse to divert at
tention from any suspicion of his participation. It is not
however, upon these effusions that the fame and the literary
position of their author is based. The gentleman to whom I
have referred, himself a poet of much distinction, the Hon.
George Lunt, in a recent communication to me thus refers to
the intimacy which existed and continued between these two
persons : "During Mr. Huntington's student life at New-
buryport, he was on terms of intimacy with a lady of large
literary celebrity in her day, and in a day when few ladies made
literary pretensions, the late Miss Hannah Flagg Gould.
Though considerably younger than Miss Gould, the intimacj 7
then formed was cordial and sincere, and remained unbroken
until the decease of the once famous poetess, a few years ago.
Doubtless, the fact that she also was of Topsfield origin led to
the acquaintance, for, though a professed admirer of her verses,
the tastes of Mr. Huntington were in the direction of his legal
studies, rather than in the way of general reading, especially
of poetry. At that time, Miss Gould resided with her father,
a plain, worthy and venerable man, who had been a captain in
the war of the revolution ; and after his decease and that of
other members of the family, she continued to occupy the same
dwelling. * * * She had many distinguished
93
visitors from other parts of the country, attracted by her poeti-
cal reputation and one of those, who never failed to pay her his
respects, was the late respected Judge Daniel A. White of this
city, himself a gentleman of no mean culture, who always en-
tertained a high opinion of her verses and was her warm per-
sonal friend. * Many of her poems enjoyed
remarkable popularity during her life and are still favorites.
Her themes are almost always simple and familiar, distin-
guished by delicacy and purity of sentiment and by exemplary
correctness of versification, and no American female has yet
appeared so likely to be permanently remembered as she, for
some of her poetical pieces. As an instance of her general
accomplishment, at a time when such an acquisition was much
more rare than at present, upon the occasion of Lafayette's
spending a night at Newburyport in 1824, she was introduced
to him by the town authorities as the one lady able to converse
with him in his native tongue. It speaks well for the sound-
ness of Mr. Huntington's moral sense, that he found pleasure
in the familiar society of such a woman and that the friendship
continued while she lived."
The young gentlemen to whom I have referred as the associ-
ates of Mr. Huntington, at Newburyport, had established a
Debating Society or Club, of which he became an active and
earnest member. Indeed, at that, as well as at every other
time of his life, for him to be engaged in any enterprise was to
be active and earnest in it. He frequently, perhaps generally,
participated in the discussions, and his mode of debate was
marked by the same peculiarities, which afterwards became so
well known to the bar and to the public. He loved discussion,
and the more earnest and excited it was, the more pleasurable
was it to him. And he carried his discussions beyond the
limits of the debating club. Newburyport was then a town,
and her public affairs were discussed in that most perfect of all
democracies, and that strongest of all citadels of civil liberty
town meeting. Mr. Huntington being "of age" and resi-
dent at Newburyport, did not fail to attend the town meeting.
At such a meeting, some of the influential citizens proposed a
94
measure, which they were strongly bent on carrying and which
they had no doubt of being able to carry. After they had
spoken in its advocacy, and had been heard with apparent
favor, young Huntington rose, in accordance with a previous
design, opposed the measure at some length and defeated it.
His opposition was most unexpected and filled the advocates
with surprise, disappointment and mortification.
On leaving Newburyport, he came to Salem and entered the
law office of the Hon. David Cummins, of whom I have be-
fore spoken as a pupil of the Rev. Mr. Huntington of Tops-
field. It would be pleasant to linger a moment upon the
memory of that beloved man, still green in the hearts of the
older portion of our community ; especially upon those endear-
ing traits of character and temperament, which, while they ren-
dered his success as a magistrate less conspicuous, only bound
him more closely by the ties of respect and love. With an
ardor and a vehemence of action in the trial of causes never
equalled at the Essex bar, his great powers were never excited
except upon the side of charity, virtue and truth ; but I must
content myself by saying, that the pupil of the father was the
eminently fit instructor of the son. Not far from this time,
Mr. Huntington taught the district school in North Beverly,
and I refer to the fact, especially, because he so endeared him-
self to the boys and girls of his school, that they ever after,
even to the time of his death, seemed to regard him as theirs ;
and the counsels which he commenced with them as boys and
girls, he continued to give them as men and women, whether
they were required in matters of law, of morals, of conduct
or even of domestic and family trial and concern. The friend
of their youth remained the counsellor of their lives, unpaid,
except by that filial gratitude and love, which prompted many
tears at his death.
While here engaged in the study of the law, he became much
interested in a system of mnemonics, or artificial memory. I
have not been able to learn whether the system originated with
him or whether he adopted it from some other source, nor have
I been able to ascertain precisely what it was. He prepared a
95
lecture upon the subject, with a series of illustrative diagrams,
and delivered it in several places in the Commonwealth, in
Rhode Island and Connecticut. I have heard his warm per-
sonal friend, the estimable man and upright magistrate, Chief
Justice Mellen, late of the court of Common Pleas, say that he
remembered with interest its delivery at Providence, while he
was an undergraduate of Brown University. The only account
I can find of it is from that cousin to whom I am so greatly
indebted. He says : " The floor and ceiling and four sides of
a room, were supposed to have each nine compartments with
some familiar object in each. The student made himself
familiar with these, and then associated with them, in their
order, the things to be remembered." But whatever the princi-
ple, or whatever the detail, no doubt Mr. Huntington soon
came to the practical result, to which others before and since
have arrived, that each man must cultivate, in his own mode
and by his own reflection, such aids to the memory, as he finds
adapted to himself.
At the March Term of the Court of Common Pleas, 1824, he
was admitted as an attorney of that court ; two years later, ac-
cording to the law then existing, he was admitted an attorney
of the Supreme Judicial Court, and after two years' practice as
attorney, was admitted as counsellor in the Supreme Judicial
Court, the highest grade of the profession.
It is not easy to define with entire accuracy his position as a
lawyer. It is easy to say that he took a prominent place at the
bar, which he maintained with honor so long as he remained in
practice. It is easy to say, that he had the confidence of his
clients and of the public and the respect of his associates ; but
to point out wherein he differed, who differed largely from his
compeers, is not easy. Lord Bacon says : " Studies serve for
delight, for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for de-
light is in privateness and retiring ; for ornament, is in dis-
course ; and for ability is in the judgment and disposition of
business. * * To spend too much time in studies is sloth ;
to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make
judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar."
96
More, formerly, than now in the early education of youth was
there the just admixture of delight, ornament and ability.
The mind was so cultivated that it found delight in literary
pursuits, and discourse was made attractive and ability to treat
affairs promoted. When Mr. Huntington entered upon life, the
necessities of his position gave predominance to the last of
these qualities of study, the ability to deal with affairs. His
life became eminently a practical one, and though he never ab-
solutely renounced the humanities, he gave but inconsiderable
and unimportant attention to them. The natural and indeed
necessary result of this was accomplishment and not display
in his professional career. With no design to become a writer
or expositor of the law, his studies did not range through the
entire field of jurisprudence ; but determined to perform well
the duties of his profession, he limited his labors to the exi-
gencies of immediate duty. In this he was constant and stead-
fast. This course of study made him what he was. If there
was one mental trait, more strikingly manifest than any other
to the minds of all who were brought into contact with him,
it would probably be characterized by the majority as strong,
sterling, common sense. This, however, would very imper-
fectly describe it ; for we understand by a vigorous common
sense the mere natural working of a sound mind ; a sort of
intuition which results from original mental organization. It
is not that, that I mean. What we thus characterize, when we
apply it to Mr. Huntington, is the result of severe training
and discipline. It is more properly wisdom applied to con-
duct. The secret springs of action in one mind are not in-
tuitively known to another. To discover them and to turn
them to useful account demands more profound thought and
more incessant study than to master the details of history or
science. The mysteries of mind are more subtle than those of
physics and much more readily elude pursuit and investigation ;
and he that becomes master of the human mind and human
passions has achieved a greater triumph than he who has dis-
covered a planet. "He understands human nature," can prop-
erly be said only of him who has been a long, severe and
97
profound student ; although when such power is attained, like
the most marvellous discoveries in science or art, it seems so
simple that we are inclined to deem it intuitive. What we call
gravitation, and what we call force, will explain nearly every
phenomenon of the physical world ; but it was the subtle and
more mysterious workings of the mind, the more difficult and
multifarious rules of human conduct that claimed the study of
Mr. Huntington ; and although we may call the result by the
humble and unpretentious name of common sense, it is indeed
one of the highest achievements of stud}'. The great poet of
nature wrote songs and sonnets, which would have given high
place to another ; but how insignificant they are in comparison
with his magnificent exhibitions of human action !
The position of Mr. Huntington, as prosecuting officer, while
still a young man, having been appointed to that place first in
1830, required the study of the mind in other than what may
be called its normal condition. He was called to deal with
men who violated law and duty ; with those who transgressed
in the slightest degree the rules of municipal law, and those
who committed the highest and most revolting crimes ; and the
conduct of men under such circumstances he was called to in-
vestigate and to study ; and though it opened a peculiar and
ample field, he entered upon it and reaped an abundant har-
vest. To this was added an accurate and critical knowledge
of the criminal law, a reasonable proficiency in the principles
of the common law, a familiarity with general jurisprudence
and an average degree of culture in literature and science.
He thus became in the practice of his profession a strong man.
The character, however, would be incomplete without the
addition of the high moral qualities, which distinguished him
through his whole career, and an incorruptible integrity, which
crowned and illustrated every other quality. While he held
the office, first of County and afterwards of District Attorney,
there were no separate terms of the Court for the transaction
of criminal business ; he was, therefore, although retained in a
large proportion of civil controversies, to a considerable ex-
tent, prevented from attending in Court to that branch of pro-
98 .
fessional business. He was twice elected to the House of
Representatives of this Commonwealth, but was never a mem-
ber of any other legislative body.
He remained unmarried until the year 1842. In August of
that year, he was married, in Boston, to Mrs. Caroline Louisa
Tucker, widow of Mr. Charles Tucker of that city. Mrs.
Tucker had then one surviving child, Richard D., a lad of some
nine or ten years of age, now a partner in the long established
and well known house of Peele, Hubbell & Co., at Manila.
Though her idiosyncrasies were different from his, and though
their early associations and educational influences had been
respectively so unlike yet the constant and constantly increas-
ing mutual confidence, respect and love, which made his
married life one of comfort and happiness through many years
and to its close fully attested the fitness of the union.
His house was an abode of generous hospitality and of rare
domestic happiness.
By this marriage there were born to them three children,
William Deblois, Louisa Sarah, and Arthur Lord, of whom
only the two younger survived him.
As prosecuting officer for the District comprising the large
counties of Middlesex and Essex, the duties of Mr. Hunting*
ton were numerous and necessarily arduous. The year 1843
was one of much more than the usual responsibilit}*- and labor ;
and there occurred, during it, an important and memorable
trial in which he was compelled to meet an array of ability,
learning and legal skill, quite unexampled in the history of the
Commonwealth. He met the demands of the occasion. The
law was vindicated, and in the judgment, as well of the public
as of the profession, in such manner as to reflect high credit
upon him.
Strong as was his physical constitution, the labors of that
year were too exhausting, and late in the fall he was prostrated
with a tedious and dangerous illness, which, for many months,
confined him to his house and prevented him from attending to
any professional business till the next midsummer.
It was at this time, in Jan., 1844, while his body was suffer-
ing with a fearful disease, that there was superadded a calamity
much more terrible to him. .
No might nor greatness in mortality
Can censure 'scape; buck wounding calumny
The whitest virtue strikes.
His integrity was called in question, and charges were pub-
licly made, that he was corrupt in office and had embezzled
public funds. Nerves, strong as his, might well yield under
the accumulated pressure of sickness and calumny. The
charges, indeed, came from polluted sources ; from those who,
nnder the law and by force of the law, had been doomed to the
pecuniary penalties, which he was charged with embezzling.
They came, however, with dates and sums and with circum-
stance, so that the poison gangrened the minds of some honest
and worthy men, and a call was made for Legislative investiga-
tion. On the 19th day of Jan., 1844, Mr. Washburn, of Lynn,
introduced an order into the House of Representatives, which,
after amendment, was adopted, directing the committee on the
Judiciary " to inquire into any charge which may be preferred
against Asahel Huntington, District Attorney of the Common-
wealth, for malefeasance in the discharge of the duties of his
office " and the committee were empowered to send for persons
and papers. At the time, that most excellent and pure minded
man, the late Honorable Leverett Saltonstall, our respected
townsman, was at the head of the committee on the Judiciary.
He knew Mr. Huntington well ; and there is sufficient evidence
that he was disinclined to enter upon such an investigation, at
a time when his friend was unable even to converse on any sub-
ject of business, and that he was disposed to let a life of in-
tegrity and uprightness be ijts own vindicator. But Mr.
Huntington, enfeebled and almost overwhelmed as he was,
demanded an investigation T and on the 12th day of March,
1844, Mr. Saltonstall, in behalf of the committee, made a re-
port recommending that " in conformity with the desire of the
respondent a committee be appointed, to meet during the re-
cess of the Legislature,, to examine the charges which have
been preferred against the said Asahel Huntington and to
100
make their report at the next session of the Legislature. And
further-, that said committee have authority to send for persons
and papers." This report was accepted. The committee ap-
pointed were the late Hon. Joseph Bell, an eminent lawyer of
Boston, the Hon. George S. Boutwell, the present Secretary of
the Treasury of the United States, at that time a young, active
and extreme partisan of the extreme democrac} r , and the late
Hon. J. H, W. Page, a young and promising lawyer of New
Bedford. The committee it will be perceived, had none of the
qualities of a whitewashing committee. Nothing but integrity
could pass that ordeal. This committee met in Salem on the
9th day of July, 1844, having previously given notice to Mr.
Washburn who introduced the order, and to Mr. Huntington of
the time and place of their meeting. On that day, the com-
mittee say " Mr. Huntington appeared and was ready to pro-
ceed. But no person appeared to sustain the charges." I
have said the charges were made with the circumstance of
dates, and sums, and persons, who had paid the money, which
he was charged with embezzling ; and neither the committee
nor Mr. Huntington was willing to accept the absence of an
accuser as sufficient vindication of the accused. Under the
power to send for persons and papers they directed that Mr.
Washburn and every person named in the accusation should be
summoned, and that every document referred to should be
brought before them for examination. Though Mr. Hunting-
ton was able to be present, he had not recovered his health.
The elastic step and the buoyant spirit were not with him.
Severe and protracted illness and its sympathetic influence
upon a strong mind still debilitated and depressed him. But
his life of honor and integrity had not been in vain. He had
friends that loved' him, and they were friends that knew him.
They knew also his accusers, and though these had paraded
what they called facts and figures of condemnation, so as al-
most to forestall the public judgment, his friends did not falter
or hesitate. They voluntarily and unsolicited, tendered to him
their professional services before the committee, and entered
upon the investigation with a zeal and confidence which no de-
101
ceptive array of figures could diminish, and which fraud and
falsehood could not shake. Foremost among them was the
late Hon. Rufus Choate, the friend of his early manhood and of
his whole life ; who, in probably the last letter he ever indited,
said affectionately " I am quite competent to pronounce for
myself that I love and esteem you and * * * and brother
Huntington quite as much as ever and for quite as much rea-
son. Pray accept for yourself, and give them all my love, and
be sure if I live to return, it will be with unabated affection
for you all." To the cause of his friend he brought his love
as well as his genius. Three others of the most conspicuous
of these, whom Mr. Huntington followed sorrowfully to their
graves, he would require me to name ; Mr. Stickney of Lynn,
an honorable lawyer of a different political party from Mr.
Huntington ; Mr. N. J. Lord of Salem, also of different poli-
tics, and Mr. J. H. Ward of Salem. The latter two were his
more immediate and active advisers, the last of whom especi-
alty engaged in the cause with characteristic enthusiasm, and
did not cease from his labors until the honor and integrity of
his friend were clearly and completely vindicated. But while
these, from their position, were natural!}" the more prominent
among his vindicators, others of the bar, some of whom are
now among the dead while others live to mourn his loss, felt no
less assurance of the final result and were in no degree less
ready, should opportunity occur, to lend their aid to a success-
ful issue.
Early in the next session in Jan. 1845, the committee made
their report to the House of Representatives. I give its
closing paragraph. "Oil the contrary, the evidence was en-
tirely satisfactory to the committee, that Mr. Huntington had
devoted himself with extraordinary zeal and untiring industry
even to the peril of his life, to the discharge of his official
duties ; and that he had thereby acquired, and has a just right
to retain the wide spread and well founded confidence of his
fellow citizens in the intelligence, integrity, fidelity and abilit}-
with which these duties have been discharged. The committee
are, therefore, unanimously of opinion, that the charges of
102
malpractice in office brought against Asahel Huntington, Esq.,
District Attorney of the Commonwealth for the Northern Dis-
trict, at the last session of the Legislature are wholly unsus-
tained by the evidence referred to for their support, and that
no further action be had thereon by this House." And on the
7th day of Jan. 1845, the record says this "report was read,
unanimously accepted and ordered to be printed." Thus,
effectually and forever was wiped away the only stain ever
sought to be fixed upon his character. So thorough and com-
plete was their vindication, that not even a suspicion rested
upon any mind. Few, probably, of those who have since come
upon the stage have ever heard of the attempt to defame him,
while those who remember it, remember it only as a miserable
failure. It would not now have been referred to, but that en-
tire justice to his character required it, and because it illus-
trates, in a striking manner, the value of honesty, uprightness
and integrity in character.
A few months later he returned to his accustomed work with
strength and spirits fully restored, and from that time to his
death, which occurred a year ago this day, casting a gloom
over our city and sending sorrow to many hearts, his uniformly
robust health and ever cheerful temper were facts of universal
observation and remark.
Thus, wholly exonerated, in 1845, he resigned the office of
District Attorney which he had held from 1832, and resumed
with much success the general practice of the law.
In 1847, Essex county was again constituted a distinct dis-
trict, and yielding to the general public wish, he assumed again
the duties of public prosecutor which he discharged for four
years longer. In 1851, he was appointed by the Supreme Ju-
dicial Court, Clerk of the Courts for the County of Essex.
Subsequently, by a change in the constitution of the Common-
wealth, the office was made elective, and by successive elec-
tions, each for the term of five years, he continued to hold the
office during the remainder of his life. The duties of the office,
though he was not clerical in his tastes or habits, were accept-
ably performed. Lord Bacon, speaking of clerks, who are first
103
and last and only clerks, and who grow old in the service, says
" an ancient clerk, skilful in precedents, wary in proceeding
and understanding in the business of the Court, is an excellent
finger of the court and doth many times point the way to the
Judge himself." In a different and far higher sense, Mr. Hunt-
ington was a finger which many times pointed the way for the
Judge himself; and it has often occurred to me, as I do not
doubt it has to others holding a similar position, that the rela-
tive position of Judge and clerk might have been changed to
the advantage of the public and for the better administration
of the law.
In 1853, he was a member of the convention called to revise
the constitution of Massachusetts. In 1854, he was Mayor of
the city, and this was the last political duty to which he was
elected by his fellow citizens.
But these were not all the trusts which were committed to
him. In 1844, he was chosen a Trustee of Dummer Academy,
an institution endeared to him by the fact that his esteemed
cousin, whom I have so often referred to, was for many years
its accomplished head. The duties of this office he performed
assiduously and efficiently so long as he lived. He was an
officer, at various times, in several of our charitable institu-
tions a service most congenial to his nature ; was Director and
President of the Naumkeag Cotton Company ; he was Presi-
dent, also, of this Institute which will never fail to honor his
memory.
In all places to which he was thus called, he gave the benefit
of his wisdom, his prudence and his efficient labors.
But, though his life was cheerful and happy in the highest
degree, it was not all unshadowed. I remember, and memory
will be dethroned when I forget that three years ago, our friend
and I were engaged, each in our respective official duties at
Newburyport, and returned together on the evening of Mon-
day, May 11, with the expectation of resuming our places on
the following morning. There was the same buoyancy of
spirits, the same warm words from the heart, the same flow of
genial and sympathetic kindness, that were his uniform charac-
104
teristics and which made his society so charming. As I sat at
breakfast the next morning, a note, in his familiar handwrit-
ing, was brought to me, the opening words of which were,
" God has taken my first born." My own emotion, in some
faint degree, indicated the severity of the calamity which well
nigh overwhelmed him. I have since learned that when he
parted with me on that previous evening, instead of going
directly to his home, he made one of his frequent and ever wel-
come calls upon his beloved pastor ; and there, in an unusual
and pathetic manner, poured out his heart, his hopes, his
anxieties, his confidence in relation to his first born son ; lin-
gering beyond his custom, and seemingly reluctant to leave
the theme. His whole existence seemed garnered in the life
of that young man. He went to his home to find the seal
unbroken of a letter, which announced that this child of his
love, of his hopes, of his heart, had, several months before,
in a distant land, gone peacefully to his final rest.
He was a young gentleman of extraordinary promise, pos-
sessing an exceedingly amiable disposition, and had developed
a more than usual capacity for business. He had not only
endeared himself to a large circle of friends and associates
here, but had secured the warm affection of many, with whom
he came in contact in his far distant home. In contemplation
of a son, so suddenly cut down in the full vigor and bright
promise of opening manhood, well might the strong heart of
the father quail, and the firm step, for a time, falter. The
unwonted grief, which, at first, greatly saddened and subdued
him, soon settled into a calm and submissive sorrow, that
threw its attempering and hallowed influence over the rest of
his life. His silent, tender farewell to this child of his affec-
tions might be well expressed in the words of the beautiful
apostrophe.
" Go, gentle spirit, to thy destined rest,
While I, reversed our nature's kindlier doom,
Pour forth a father's sorrow on thy tomb.'
In the early manhood of Mr. Huntington, at just about the
time he was appointed a public prosecutor, began what has
105
been known as the temperance reformation. This commenced
bj- a pledge to abstain from the use of distilled liquors and was
afterwards extended to abstinence from all intoxicating drink.
To this cause, he was, from first to last, the consistent, un-
wavering and judicious friend. To it, he devoted the strength
of his youth, the energy of his manhood, and the counsels of
his mature age. If he had a specialt} r in life, it was devotion
to temperance. If he had an ambition for distinction among
his contemporaries, it was as the uncompromising friend of
temperance. If there was one field above all others in which
he delighted to labor, it was that which the cause of temper-
ance opened to him. In 1861, when he was requested by his
classmate, Edwards, to give some of the incidents of his life
for the purpose of a class memorial, he said in a postscript to
his letter of repl}*, "If I have had any special mission, or
rendered any special service in my day and generation, it is as
a temperance reformer, and in that I flatter nryself I have
made my mark. My labors have been felt in the general cause
in this Commonwealth and in its legislation. Under the lead
of one of your name and blood, the late Dr. Justin Edwards of
Andover, the great temperance reformer of the United States,
who should alwaj-s be placed at its head, I enlisted in this work
of benevolence and good will more than three and thirty years
ago, and have been in it from that day to this, in season and
out of season, by pen, speech and example. And if, in all
these years, I have not done something, I must have been a
very poor worker. I have lived to witness an entire revolution
in the public sentiment of the State and people, and to see our
principles established in the high places of power and influence.
Our principles and creed have become energetic among the
vital forces of society and are installed in the legislation of the
State. In all this great work I have had some share, and as
far as public service is concerned, I consider it the great felicity
of my life." During his various terms of service as prosecut-
ing attorney, he labored with great zeal in the prosecution of
parties charged with the violation of laws respecting the sale
of intoxicating liquors. In the performance of this duty, I do
106
not think he was fully understood. The fact that he was an
ardent and zealous advocate of temperance was put in conjunc-
tion with the fact that he was a no less ardent and zealous
prosecutor of persons charged with illegally selling intoxicat--
ing liquors, and they were deemed cause and effect. This, it
seems to me, is a superficial view of his conduct. His zeal in
both cases sprang from a deeper source. There was, underly-
ing his whole character, the profoundest conviction that the
morality, good order and advancement of society, depended
upon the prevalence of temperance ; there was also the no less
profound conviction that society itself and the government,
upon which it is based, will be subverted if law may be vio-
lated with impunity. His energy in the prosecution of such
offences arose not so much from the fact, that such persons
illegally sold liquors, as from the fact, that those, thus charged,
constituted a large and influential class of open and arrogant
violators of law ; and this energy was intensified when he saw
these persons, so open and arrogant in society, becoming mean
and cowardty before the judicial tribunals, and resorting to
every sort of sham and disguise when called to answer for
their conduct. No wonder that he took delight in rending
those disguises, in exposing those shams and in vindicating the
law. It would, however, be unjust to him and to his memory,
to give such prominence to his energ} r in securing the convic-
tion of such offenders as to warrant the inference that he was
less energetic in the prosecution of other offences. There
sometimes may have appeared to be more zeal in this class of
prosecutions, but it arose not from the prosecution, but from
the nature of the defences. These prosecutions were quite
tame and unexciting, when, as in other cases, the issue was
simply "Guilty" or "Not Guilty." It was only when some
device, ingenious or absurd, was resorted to, that his zeal
was kindled or his energy aroused. His true fame and excel-
lence as a public prosecutor, had a wholly different foundation.
Acting upon that other conviction to which I have referred,
that the whole fabric of society rested upon the supremacy of
the law, his great ability and all his powers were brought into
107
action to this end. He kept constantly in mind the two great
objects of the criminal law the protection of society and the
reformation of the offender. He accepted as the true defini-
tion of these objects, that which was given in the most
remarkable trial in the annals of this county, by the great
constitutional lawyer who conducted that prosecution, " The
law is made, if we would speak with entire accuracy, to protect
the innocent by punishing the guilty." The vindication of the
law was the only object of his effort, the only joy in his tri-
umph. The result of this course of administration has al-
ready been anticipated in the report of that Legislative Com-
mittee, from which I have quoted the wide spread and well
founded confidence of his fellow citizens in the intelligence,
integrity, fidelity and ability with which those duties were dis-
charged.
In estimating the character of Mr. Huntington, his religious
views cannot otherwise than contribute an important element.
Although it is impossible that a mind like his could be fettered
by the words of any creed, his views were substantially in ac-
cordance with those, with whom he was accustomed to worship
the orthodox congregationalists. They were tolerant and
catholic. He was opposed as well to the bigotry of exclusive-
ness, as to the bigotry of liberalism. His religion was a reli-
gion of thought and action rather than speech. He never
proclaimed that he was a lighted candle, but those who ap-
proached him saw the light, which could not be hid. In refer-
ence to the fundamental principle of Christianity, he believed
that Science was silent, that if it spoke at all, it was only iti
gloom}' and despondent words ; that Philosophy could offer
nothing but a " pleasing hope," a "fond desire," a " long-
ing after," and that by Revelation, and by revelation alone,
the truth of the immortality of the soul was, with certainty,
promulgated ; and to deny an authentic and infallible revela-
tion was, with him, to uproot all confidence that the condition
of man differed from that of the beasts which perish. He was
not of those who rejected what was old in belief, because it
was old ; nor was the consentaneous judgment of all minds
108
for thousands of years rejected by him because it had been so
long concurred in.
There is a class quite numerous now, and perhaps tempora-
rily increasing in number, endowed above all others with in-
quiring and investigating minds. They receive nothing upon
trust. Old truths are merely old superstitions until tested by
the touchstone of their unerring wisdom. They must put their
finger into the print of the nails, and thrust their hand into the
side of every truth before it can have their sanction ; and when
truth has stood this test, they are prepared to inquire whether
the body of truth is really a substantial body or only a certain
manifestation which appears to be a body ; for of such delicate
composition are their minds that they can contain nothing as
true, which is inconsistent with their view of what truth ought
to be. It would be difficult to tolerate this new school were it
not for that general and satisfactory compensation which nature
provides in such cases. While they will believe nothing which
has been generally believed for ages, there is nothing, of recent
suggestion, which they will not believe. They will hazard
their lives upon the truth of every theory, every hypothesis,
and even every speculation of each one of those learned pro-
fessors, who has established, each for himself, a positive suc-
cession of prehistoric ages fraught with detailed events ; nor
does it dampen the ardor of their belief, that of the theories of
a hundred of these learned men, each man's individual theory
is rejected as absurd by the other ninety-nine. They go for
progress. To believe what has been believed a thousand
years, is not progress.
It is mere incredulity and a bigoted adherence to old no-
tions, which refuses to believe that man by natural or sexual
selection or in some other equally philosophical mode has been
evolved from some ape-like progenitor, or anthropomorphous
monkey, and that in "Curiosity" "Imitation" "Attention"
" Memory " " Imagination" and " Reason " the difference be-
tween man and any other animal is only in degree not in
kind. With this class of advancing men, Mr. Huntington had
no sympathy. What had commended itself to the common be-
109
lief for a long time was more likely, in his opinion, to be true,
than what had never been received. He was well aware that
these old truths had undergone investigation and scrutiny
man} T times ; that they had been opposed and denied ; crushed
even to the earth, only to rise again with renewed and in-
creased power ; that many of the new discoveries had been
time and again discovered, and time and again exploded ; that
under different names and in different tj-pes the new theories
and new philosophies had been, over and over again, originated
and discarded ; and it was such and such only of what modern
theorists and speculators call old superstitions, as, after study
and investigation, commend themselves to belief, that com-
manded his sanction.
It would be doing him great injustice, should I omit to say
that the authenticity and divine origin of the sacred scriptures
was the one foundation, on which he planted himself. His in-
terpretation of them the particular theological truths which
he derived from them, I shall not in this place attempt to
state : but belief in their essentially divine character was a
part of his being, and beautified and illustrated his life.
There was another trait of Mr. Huntington's character so
conspicuous and so constant, that no one would recognize the
portraiture which did not present it. It may, perhaps, be
designated by the word benevolence, if understood in that en-
larged signification of assisting others in every commendable
enterprise. Whether the call came from country, from state,
from city, from parish, from institution or from individual,
there was the same ready response. Whether made upon his
mind, his hand or his purse, the answer was never uncertain.
An unrecompensed journey of a thousand miles for a poor
widow was given with the same cheerfulness as his deposit in
the charity box. His views were enlarged and liberal. He
was conscious that
There is some soul of goodness in things evil
Would men observingly distil it oat.
He did not confine his good offices to kindred or to sect, to
those about him or personally known to him. I have known
110
men liberal and generous ; men who gave largely, impulsively
and even passionately ; but I have never known a man, who so
uniformly and so cheerfully contributed according to his means
to every worthy object ; and his fondness for accumulation,
though great, undoubtedly, was thus graced and dignified by
his extraordinary dedication of its results to charity and
benevolence. His giving was not ostentatious nor lavish, but
discriminate and prudent. His public contributions are known
his private aid, by counsel, by loan, by gift will never be
fully revealed.
The inquiry is natural, whether there are any peculiar cir-
cumstances or causes, that evidently contributed to form the
character and to shape the life, which I have so imperfectly
depicted. There is, in every person, an individuality of some
sort. This is not the occasion to inquire whether such individ-
uality is inherent, or whether it is the result of education. In
relation to Mr. Huntington there were, at least, two facts which
had a marked influence on his character, and which modified to
some extent his whole life. His father was a clergyman his
mother a widow from his early boyhood.
The memory the consciousness of these facts, were, with
him, an ever-present, all-pervading influence, manifest in many
of his tastes and habits, and to which thousands of his kindly
charities may be traced. To the fact just mentioned may be
ascribed in large measure, I think, the peculiar interest he al-
ways felt in members of the clerical profession and in all mat-
ters and occasions of an ecclesiastical nature. Occasionally,
he presided, by special invitation, over assemblies which might
almost be called ministerial, and uniformly discharged the duty
with great felicity.
" And she was a widow." In this was a cause still more
potent. There is, probably, no appeal to the better nature of
a boy so strong, as that which is made by having a mother wid-
owed and destitute. His filial love and duty, thus specially
excited, became an unfailing stimulus to exertion and kept him
firmly in the right path. Who has not observed that the sons
of poor widows very often, nay, more frequently than those in
Ill
any other special condition of life become eminent for their
virtues and success. Mr. Huntington's devotion to the be-
loved and venerated parent, who survived his father nearly
forty years was conspicuously exemplary. Several years after
her death, at the age of eighty-five, he thus referred to her in
a letter to his classmate Edwards " She has been the delight
and charm of my life, and I cherish her memory in all honor
and with the highest filial love."
There were incidents of interest in the life of Mr. Hunting-
ton, to which I might refer. His life, however, did not consist
of here and there a brilliant exhibition ; an occasional exploit,
which startled or enchanted an admiring public ; there was no
extraordinary and sporadic effort now and then eclipsing the
general tenor of his life. There was rather a daily beauty,
which everywhere and at all times gave a charm to his life,
developing a well formed and symmetrical character of ac-
tive duty, kindly and faithfulty done of constant sympathy,
flowing in continuous benevolence and unfailing integrity,
seeking to be right rather than to be brilliant, dealing justly
and truly in all conditions of life.
To some extent, an impression has been made that there
was a certain degree of indolence in his mental constitution.
In that graceful tribute of his esteemed pastor, so happy in its
delineation of his character a tribute, which, while it does
honor to its subject, reflects honor upon its author it is said,
"that he was constitutionally, a man of more than usual
inertia." In the sense in which the eloquent preacher used the
phrase, it is undoubtedly true, for it was only when roused by
some exigency or excited by some call of duty that " his pro-
digious energy" was manifested. In its normal condition
in the ordinary intercourse of life there was a quiet repose
of mind an indisposition to obtrude his own reflections upon
others an apparent inattention which the phrase may pro-
perly characterize. In no other sense, however, is it true. He
was a thinking man. His mind was constantly active. In-
deed, it could not be otherwise ; for it was healthily constituted
constantly nurtured and well sustained by a vigorous and
112
healthful physical frame. He did not display the crude, undi-
gested and unarranged congeries of thoughts which first took
possession of his mind. He spoke only matured opinions. It
was the incessant activity of his intellect its presentation to
itself of every question in so many phases and aspects which
gave the idea of what is sometimes called inertia more prop-
erly, perhaps, abstraction but which is, in reality, the highest
condition of mental activity.
The inquiry is not unnatural, why Mr. Huntington, com-
mended by such excellences of character, and fitted to adorn
any place, was not elevated to more conspicuous public posi-
tion. The answer, however, is easy, and for him an honorable
one. So far as judicial position is concerned, he had fixed an
ideal standard of qualification, which it were no disparagement
to him, nor to any man, to fail to reach. I am not without
reason to suppose that his absence from judicial office is to be
attributed rather to his own disposition than to that of the ap-
pointing power, and that he felt constrained to his determina-
tion by the conscientious fear that more is required of a judge,
than the lot of humanity will admit. The inquiry, however,
rather is, why he was not elevated to more important political
position. The present generation can scarcely appreciate the
condition of the public mind, as it was, when he entered upon
professional life. Suffrage was comparatively limited, and was
exercised principally by the more intelligent and the wiser.
The surest evidence of unfitness for any office was the desire
to fill that office. Politics was not a trade, and there were few,
if any, politicians. Officers were selected under the guidance
of an enlightened public judgment. It is a high tribute to the
early worth and future promise of our friend, that compara-
tively a stranger, and before he was thirty years of age, he was
chosen to represent the most important town in the county in
the public counsels. Before he had been ten years at the bar,
at a time when fitness was the only qualification, he was ap-
pointed by the executive to an important position, one previ-
ously held by a gentleman of high standing, who was by many
years his senior, and who had before occupied a high judicial
113
office. AVith the change of the times, he did not change. If
that change were progress he did not advance with the progres-
sive ; if it were deterioration, lie did not deteriorate.
"O. that estates, degrees and offices
Were not derived corruptly; and that clear honor
Were purchased by the merit of the wearer!
How many then should cover, that stand bare,
How many be commanded, that command."
In reply to a letter already referred to, in which the inci-
dents of his life were asked of him, for the purpose of a Col-
lege class memoir, he said, " I have had the honor to hold
various offices of trust, which have sought me. I never sought
them, or any of them, from first to last." There was, however,
one occasion, and I can recall but one, after he had arrived at
the maturity of his manhood, when the public sentiment de-
manded that fitness should be the only qualification, and to
this end, with a single exception not to be more particularly
noticed, that public sentiment selected those who most emi-
nently possessed the requisite qualifications, and were to the
fullest extent entitled to the public confidence. I refer to the
choice of delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1853
and Mr. Huntington was of course, and without dissent, one
of them. Although the part he took in that assembly was not
a very conspicuous one, it was one of honorable and control-
ling influence, not so much in what was done, for he was in a
minority, as in what was prevented. The ultimate judgment
of the people, in rejecting every proposition of the convention,
was in accordance with his counsels and his efforts. If the
incumbency of high official position is necessary to establish a
title to grateful remembrance our friend did not achieve it.
Est autem gloria, laus recte factorum, magnorumque in rem-
publictim merilorum, quae cum optimi cujusque, tarn etiam mul-
titudinis testimonio comprobatur and our friend achieved it.
There is, however, another view of the character of Mr.
Huntington, upon which, if the proprieties of the occasion
would allow, it would be delightful to linger that of the
warm-hearted, generous, constant personal friend. It was in
this relation, beyond all others, that he commended himself
114
most warmly, and in which his true worth was strikingly con-
spicuous. Tolerant of faults, sympathetic in vicissitudes, re-
joicing in success, supporting in trial, solacing in affliction,
seeking another's rather than his own advancement, his ever
ready and responsive heart grew warmer, and entwined itself
more and more closely about his friends every year of his life.
Washington Irving, in the preface to one of the later editions
of the sketch book, alluding to Sir Walter Scott, and in grati-
tude for the interest which that distinguished man had mani-
fested in him, before he himself had acquired his own worldwide
celebrity, used a phrase, which seems to me better than any
other to characterize our friend that "golden hearted man."
How descriptive and how just ! Those who were admitted to
his confidence those who sustained the relation of personal
friend those who have been accustomed to his cordial and
sympathetic greeting and not those alone will accept it
and amid all the recollections, which cluster about his name
and his memory, no word will more truly and graphically define
the aggregated qualities, which endear him to us than this one
phrase THAT GOLDEN HEARTED MAN.
ANCESTRY AND POSTERITY OF ZACCHEUS GOULD.
BY BENJAMIX APTHORP GOULD.
PREAMBLE.
SINCE the year 1854, the writer has employed such
intervals of leisure as he has found available, in the en-
deavors : first, to trace back the lineage of his family,
and secondly, to follow out the posterity of its earliest
American member, ZACCHEUS GOULD, who appears to
have sought the shores of New England between the
years 1636 and 1638, and to have established himself
finally in that part of Ipswich which was subsequently,
and chiefly through his efforts, set off into a separate
town under the name of Topsfield. *
During these sixteen years, the town, church and
county records of Xew England^ have been laboriously
and extensively scrutinized, and such opportunities as
have been found for obtaining information from special
family records have been improved, until the results of
the investigation, which at the beginning was prompted
by personal curiosity alone, have attained a magnitude
that confers upon them an interest of much wider range.
Many members of this family, and of others bearing the
same name, and not improbably affiliated with it by a
common origin on the other side of the Atlantic, have
contributed largely and most cordially to the stock of in-
formation gathered, and the family records have already
acquired a fulness far surpassing that which had been
anticipated. Through the laborious and assiduous efforts
of my friend Mr. Somerby, the well known antiquarian,
sundry unknown and long-forgotten records have been
discovered at various places in England, which have
(115)
116
developed the family pedigree for six generations previous
to our first, American ancestor, and have thus brought
to light the relationship of some of the other American
families of the name, while they have introduced a slight
element of confusion, hy showing the simultaneous pres-
ence in New England of two persons named Zaccheus
Gould, uncle and nephew, the latter dying unmarried at
a comparatively early age.
A manuscript letter, written in the early part of the
present century by Eev. Daniel Gould of Bethel, Me.,
and purporting to give an account of the family as com-
piled by himself from various traditions, and from manu-
scripts which now seem to have disappeared, furnished
the first clews for tracing the history of the family in
America. Although many of the statements in this letter
have proved to be incorrect, they have none the less guided
to sources of information which could otherwise have been
found only with great^difiiculty. Some of these clews
were effectively followed up during the early stages of
the inquiry by Mr. Thomas B. Wyinan of Charlestown,
who made a number of journeys in my behalf to various
parts of the New England States, in order to examine
early records and to find the present representatives of
different branches of the family, for the purpose of col-
lecting such information as the elder members niiijht be
O O
able to supply from memory.
During the past few years, much additional information
has been gathered by my kinsman, Mr. John H. Gould
of Topsfield, whose avocations have carried him repeat-
edly to Western cities, where he has gleaned a rich har-
vest of facts regarding those descendants of Zaccheus of
Topsfield, who, following the example of their honored
ancestor, have sought and found new and thriving homes
towards the setting sun.
117
Thus the mass of family memorials has gradually ac-
quired dimensions which have of late suggested to me
the duty of placing it upon record in some permanent
form, and iu such a manner as to be accessible to all
those interested in the subject. A plan of this sort was
already forming itself in my mind, when events occurred,
in consequence of which I am now on my way to another
hemisphere, with a view to a protracted absence from
home. Several years must probably elapse before the con-
templated work can be prepared and published. Mean-
while, in the natural course of human affairs it must be
expected that many of the elders will be taken away,
who can now give information which a few years would
render unattainable. And should I myself not be per-
mitted to return to my own land, there is no assurance
that another would soon be found with opportunity and
inclination to continue these inquiries and make public
his results.
Influenced by these considerations, and being unable
to find time for arranging in proper form all the mate-
rials hitherto collected, it has seemed best to prepare a
condensed abstract of the famity history, containing little
excepting names, places and dates, and to offer this to
my kindred throughout the land, as a germ or nucleus,
from or around which a worthy famity memorial may at
some future time be developed. Many of the numerous
gaps in this abstract can doubtless be filled out by some
person now living. Even where dates and names cannot
be supplied, some definite information as to place will
often lead to the information needed ; either by guiding
to official records, by identifying known individuals, or
by discriminating between different persons who bore the
same name and were living at the same time. The
amount of facts already gathered relative to persons in
118
the United States, bearing the name of Gould, but not
known to be descendants of Zaccheus, is quite large ; and
some fortunate, though slight discovery or identification
may at any time transfer one or more entire families from
these records into their true place in our genealogy. Fur-
thermore, it is morally impossible that in so extensive a
record as is comprised even in this present abstract, mis-
takes should not exist. I have endeavored to avoid these,
as far as possible, by admitting no statement regarding any
descendant of Zaccheus Gould, which is not authenticated
by some official record, family Bible, or near kinsman of
the person concerned. Nothing has been accepted as
true because found in print, nor is any mere surmise,
however plausible, presented as a fact. Indeed, there are
few, if any, statements herein contained, for which the
authority cannot easily be produced.
I ^therefore earnestly request every one who may be
able to add to the information here presented, or to
correct any errors which he may recognize, to communi-
cate with Mr. John H. Gould of Topsfield, who has
kindly undertaken to receive such communications, and
to record the facts in proper form during my absence in
South America, which will probably continue for about
three years.
The arrangement adopted requires little comment.
The small superior figures appended to some names indi-
cate the number of the generation from the first American
ancestor. The marginal numbers arc affixed for the sake
of reference only, and are subsequently repeated at the
head of those paragraphs in which the corresponding per-
sons appear as parents of families. The limits prescribed
for the present abstract, comprise such paragraphs or fam-
ily groups for all fathers of families to the seventh gene-
ration of descendants from Zaccheus Gould, and similarly
119
for all those mothers of families who were born to the
name of Gould. Wider limits than these would be in-
compatible with the plan of this present publication ; but
information is desired both regarding other descendants
in the female line, and regarding later generations than
the seventh.
The dates here given are intended to be in the Old or
New Style, according to the usage at the time ; so like-
wise, the months of January, February and part of March
to be regarded as belongiug to the preceding year until
1750, and to the following year after that epoch. But in
many cases where confusion might arise from the ambi-
guity in numeration, the double dates are given.
Hoping that this contribution to the family history may
not be deemed valueless by my kindred, now so widely
distributed over the continent, I solicit from them the
means of rendering the record more complete, and as
much information as possible concerning the numerous
individuals here mentioned, especially those who are not
now living. BENJAMIN APTHORP GOULD.
At sea, 1870, June 6.
ABSTRACT OF THE FAMILY RECORD.
THOMAS GOULD, of Bovingdon, in the parish of Kernel Herapsted, and
county of Hertford, seems to have been born as early as the year
1455. His last will and testament is dated 1520, August 29, and was
admitted to probate Sept. 28, thirty days later. In this will he be-
queaths property to his wife Joan, and to seven children, five of
whom had not attained the age of legal majority. The eldest two
children were sous.
RICHARD GOULD, of Bovingdon, was the second sou of Thomas, above
named, and his wife was likewise named Joan. He was born,
apparently, not later than 1478, and died in 1531; his will being
dated August 25th and proved October llth of that year. His
widow died in 1537.
120
THOMAS GOULD, of Bovingclon, son of Kichard and Joan, was born in
or before the year 1500. His will is dated in 1546 and was proved
.in 1547. By his- wife, Alice, he had seven children living in the year
1537, and eight at the time of his own death; only two of them
being at that time under eighteen years of age. The first four of
these children were sons ; the third being
KICHARD GOULD, of Stoke Maudeville, who was born as early as 1530,
and married (perhaps as his second wife), Jane, widow of -
Weden. By her he had two sons, Richard and Henry.
KICHARD GOULD, of Bovingdon, born about 1553. was the elder of
these sons, and his descendants appear to have been prominent
among the early settlers of New England. He was father of
1. Jeremy, who married Priscilla Grover. came to Rhode Island,
and after his wife's death returned to England, leaving
behind him three sons, the eldest of whom, Daniel, married
in 1651 Wait Coggeshall, and became the ancestor of the large
and highly respectable family of Goulds of Rhode Island.
2. John, of the " Corner Hall," in Hemel Hempsted, and of King's
Langley, possibly also himself a colonist of New England.
His youngest son, Zaccheus, died in New England unmarried,
and letters of administration on his estate were granted to
his elder sister, Elizabeth, in England. Other children of
John also came over.
3. ZACCHEUS, our ancestor, who was born in 1589 and died in 1670
at Topsfleld. The stones may still be seen in the Topsfleld
cemetery Avhich probably mark the places of burial for him-
self and his wife Phfbe. In company with Messrs. Zaccheus
Gould, his descendant of the sixth generation, and Samuel
Todcl, his descendant in the seventh, I exhumed these stones,
hoping to find some inscription, but without success.
HENRY GOULD, younger brother of the last named Richard, was born
about 1555. His posterity appear to have remained in England,
residing mostly in Buckinghamshire, at least for the next three gen-
erations.
121
FIRST GENERATION.
1. ZACCHEUS GOULD, born about 1589, resided at
Hemel Hempsted and Great Misseuden, in Eng-
land, came to New England about 1638, estab-
lished himself finally at Topsfield, and died there
ab. 1670. By his wife Phebe, who died 1663,
Sept. 20, he had the following children :
2. Phebe, bapt. at Hemel Hempsted, 1620, Sept. 27,
m. Dea. Thomas Perkins of Topsfield. She Avas
living in 1681.
3. Mary, bapt. at Hemel Hempsted 1621, Dec. 19 ;
m. John Redingtou of Topsfield.
4. Martha, bapt. at Hemel Hempsted, 1623, June 15 ;
m. John Newmarch of Ipswich ; died 1699.
5. Prisdlla, m. John Wildes (b. 1620) ; d. 1663,
April 16.
6. John, b. 1635, June 10-21; m. 1660, Oct. 12,
Sarah Baker; d. 1709-10, Jan. 26.
SECOND GENERATION.
2
PnEBE 2 , dau. of Zaccheus Gould, m. Dea. Thomas
PEKKINS of Topsfield. He was the son of John
and Judith Perkins of Ipswich, was born ab.
1616, and died 1686, May 7, set. 70. Their chil-
dren were : [see Geneal. Reg. x. 213, 4.]
7. John, m. 1666, Nov. 28, Deborah Browning; d.
1668, May 19, leaving a sou Thomas, b. 1667,
Nov. 4.
8. Thomas, m. 1683, Sarah Wallis; d. 1719.
His children were, Martha, b. 1695 ; Robert,
b. 1697 ; Samuel, b. 1699 ; Sarah ; Phebe ; Han-
nah.
122
9. Elisha , m. 1680, Feb. 23, Catherine Towne
(b. 1662, Feb. 25, dau. of Jacob and Catherine).
His children were Thomas, b. 1681, Oct. 15 ; m.
1719, Nov. 26, Mary Wildes. [See'Bradbury his-
tory of Kennebunkport] ; Elisha, b. 1683, May
27 ; m. Lucy , who d. 1751.
10. Timothy. 11. Zaccheus.
12. Margaret, m. Joseph Towne [b. 1673, March 22.]
13. m. Larnson.
14. Judith, b. 1658, Jan. 28.
3
MARY 2 , dau. of Zaccheus Gould, m. John REDING-
TON, of Topsfield, selectman in 1661. He died
1690, Nov. 15. His children were: [see Gen.
Ecg. ii, 157.]
15. Daniel, m. Phila. Peabody (b, 1698, Sept. 28).
16. Mary, m. 1. 1674, March 25, John Herrick of
Beverly (bapt. 1650, May 25; d. 1680), son of
Zachary and Mary Herrick.
2. 1682, March 13, Robert Cue of Salem (who
was, in the Herrick genealogy, supposed to have
married Mary the daughter, instead of the daugh-
ter-in-law of Zachary Herrick) .
17. Martha, m. as his 2d. wife, John Gould,
Jr. [b. 1648, Aug. 5; d. 1712, Jan. 24], son of
John and Joanna Gould of Charlestown, Upper
Village. This alliance between persons resid-
ing so widely apart suggests the possibility of
some kinship between the Goulds of Topsfield
and those of Stoneham. The children of this
marriage were Samuel, Abraham, b. 1692,
and Isaac. (See Vinton's "Giles Memorial," p.
170.)
123
18. Phebe, m. Samuel Fisk of Wenham.
4
MARTHA 2 , dan. of Zaceheus Gould, m. John NEW-
MARCH of Ipswich, whose will, made 1697, Feb.
14, was proved 1697, April 26. He seems to
have been a resident of Ispwich as early as 1638.
Their children were :
19. John, m. Johanna
20. Thomas, m. Abigail
21. Zaceheus, b. 1653, m. Frances (who died 1731,
July 11) ; d. 1731, Aug. 13.
22. Martha, m. 1675, Samuel Balch.
23. Phebe, in. Peter Pen ni well.
24. Sarah, m. Berry.
5
PRisciLLA 2 , dau. of Zaceheus Gould, m. John
WILDES of Topsfield, b. 1620, the same whose
second wife, Sarah (Averill) married, 1663,
Nov. 23, suffered in 1692 from the witchcraft
persecutions. [See Gen. Reg. viii, 167.] Their
children were :
25. John. 26. Sarah. 27. Elizabeth. 28. Phebe.
29. Priscilla, b. 1658, April 6, m. 1681, May 9,
Henry Lake; d. 1688, March 23.
30. Martha, b. 1660, May 13.
31. Nathan, b. 1662, March 17.
32. Ephraim,
Q
JOHN 2 GOULD, born 1635, June 10-21, only sou of
Zaceheus, m. 1660, Oct. 12, Sarah, dau. of John
Baker. She was born 1641, March 9, died
124
1708c-9, Jan. 20. For an account of his impris-
onment for alleged treason against the government
of Dudley, see 3 Mass. Hist. Coll. viii, 150-154.
Children :
33. John, b. 1662, Dec. 1; d. 1724, Nov. 5; m. 1.
1684, Nov. 10, Phehe French, m. 2. Eose -
34. Sarah, b. 1664, Dec. 18; d. 1723, Dec. 6; m.
1682, March 29, Joseph Bixby.
35. Thomas, b. 1666, Feb. 14; d. 1752, June 29; m.
1700, Mercy Sumner (b. 1675, Jan. , d 1763,
May 8).
36. Samuel, b. 1669-70, March 9 ; d. 1724, ; m.
1697, Apr. 20, Margaret Stone.
37. Zaccheus, b. 1672, March 26; d. 1739, ; in.
1702, Jan. 21, Elizabeth Curtice.
38. Priscilla, b. 1674, Nov. 2; d. 1715, May 16; m.
1695, Apr. 15, John Curtice.
39. Joseph, b. 1677, Aug. 24; d. 1753, Apr. 4; m.
1712-13, Jan. 14, Priscilla Perkins.
40. Mary, b. 1681, June 16 ; d. 1689, May 2.
Each of these five sons of Capt. John 2 Gould was the
founder of a numerous family or tribe, and it may be
convenient to keep these distinct from one another in our
record.
THIRD GENERATION.
33
JOHN 3 GOULD, eldest son of Capt. John 2 , m. 1684,
Nov. 10, Pbebe, dan. of John French; b. 1667,
May 8; d. 1718, April 25. He appears also to
have had a second wife named Rose (?Keyes).
His children were :
41. Phebe, b. 1685, July 7 ; m. 1706, Oct. 16, Thomas
Curtice of Middleton and Andover.
125
42. John, b. 1687, Aug. 25; m. 1708, Feb. 2, Hannah
Curtis; 1713, June 23, Phebe Towue.
43. Mary, b. 1689, May 11; m. 1711, June 25,
Thomas Stand ley of Atlleboro.
44. Nathaniel^ b. 1691, bapt. Oct. 25; m. Grace
Hurd ; lived at Harwich.
45. Sarah, b. 1694, Sept. 8; m. 1720; Nov. 24,
Thomas Butler of Altleboro.
46. Hannah, b. 1697, June 19; d. 1738, March 25;
m. 1721, Aug. 16, Gideon Towne of Topsfield,
(b. 1696, Feb. 4).
47. Daniel, b. 1699, Nov. 8; d. 1766, Dec. 11; m.
1731, July 28, Lydia Averill, 2d. 1753, Jan. 3,
wid. Lucy Perkins.
48. David, b. 1701, Dec. 25; m. 1720, Aug. 10, Abi-
gail Dodge of Ipswich.
49. Solomon,}). 1704, March 19; d. 1762, Dec. 15;
in. 1734, Dec. 19, Elizabeth Robinson, 2d., 1756,
May 12, wid. Rebecca Bixby.
50. Lydia, b. 1707, June 8 ; m. 1732, Nov. 23, Sam-
uel Standley.
34
SARAH S , duu. of Capt. John 2 Gould, m. 1682, March
29, Joseph BIXBY. Children.
51. Sarah. 52. Joseph. 53. Jonathan 54. George.
55. Daniel. 56. Benjamin. 57. Mary. 58. Abigail.
35
THOMAS 3 GOULD, second son of Capt. John 2 , mar-
ried Mercy (b. 1675, Jan. ; d. 1763, May 8),
dan. of William and Augustine (Clement) Simi-
ner. There was also a Thomas Gould who m.
1729, Jan. 13, Mary Standley, but the death of
126
widow Mercy Gould is recorded as above, and
she seems to have been the only wife of Thomas 3 .
Perhaps Mary Stand ley was the first wife of
Thomas 4 , his son. Children :
59. Thomas, b. 1701, Sept. 4 ; m. 1731, June 30, Mary,
dau. of John Gould [No. 106].
60. Jacob, b. 1703, Jan. 16; in. 1731, Feb. 4, Dor-
othy Goodridge ; lived in Lunenburg.
61. Deborah, b. 1704, Nov. 17; d. 1706, Jan. 30.
62. Deborah, b. 1707, Sept. 23; d. 1767, Nov. 7; m.
1730, Dec. 3, Joseph Page of Lunenburg.
63. Simon, b. 1710, March 8; d. 1803, Jan. 3; m.
1740, Oct. 9, Jane Palmer of Rowley.
64. Mercy, b. 1712, Jan. 17 ; m. 1733, Dec. 25, Natlrl
Page of Lunenburg.
65. Tales, b! 1714, March 24; d. 1736, Aug. 11; un-
married.
66. Benjamin, b. 1716, May 29; d. 1746; in. 1739,
Oct. 17, Esther Pierce.
67. Nathaniel,}). 1717, Nov. 9; d. 1748, unmarried;
lived in Lunenburg.
36
SAMUEL 3 GOULD, third son of Capt, John 2 , m. 1697,
Apr. 20, Margaret Stone, and resided in Box-
ford. Children :
68. Sarah, b. 1698, Feb. 25 ; d. 1786, Feb. 21 ; un-
married.
69. Samuel, b. 1701, Jan. 18 ; m. 1725, June 9, Mehit-
able Stiles.
70. Moses, b. 1703, Sept, 18; ? d. 1772, Oct. 20; m.
1728, Nov. 7, Mary Bellows of Lancaster.
71. Daniel, not named in his father's will of 1724,
Dec. 2.
127
72. Patience, b. 1709, Aug. 25 ; ? m. 1744, Edmund
Towne of Oxford.
73. Jonathan, bapt. 1709, Sept. 4. at same time with
Patience, probably twin with her.
74. Margaret, b. 1712, March 6.
75. Zaccheus, b. 1715, March 29.
76. Hubbard, b. 1720, July 8; m. 1744, March 8,
Hannah Bootman, 2d. 1759, Mary, widow of
Nath'l Jones, 3d. 1783, Jan. 2, Thankful Bowles.
There is some confusion upon the Boxford records in
the names of Samuel 3 Gould's children. "Moses" is there
erroneously written "Amos," and the birth of Jonathan
does not appear, although his baptism is upon the church
record, and he is named in his father's will.
37
ZACCHEUS 3 GOULD, fourth son of Capt. John, mar-
ried 1702, Jan. 21, Elizabeth, dau. of John Cur-
tice or Curtis. She was bom 1679, Dec. 15, and
died 1740, June 21.
77. Elizabeth, b. 1702-3, Feb. 13; m. 1733, March 29,
Edmund Towue, of Oxford and Sutton.
78. Mary, b. 1704-5, Mar. 1 ; m. 1731, Sept. 23,
Jacob Kobinson of Westford.
79. Priscilla, b. 1707, Aug. 4; d. 1744, Sept. 25; m.
1745, Oct. 8, Samuel Smith, b. 1714, Jan. 26.
They were great grandparents of Joseph Smith,
the Mormon prophet.
80. John, b. 1709-10, Jan. 29 ; d. 1778, June 21 ; m.
1748-9, Jan. 5, wid. Esther Bixby.
81. Sarah, b. 1711-2, Jan. 28; m. Estey.
82. Abigail, b, 1715, Aug. 12; m. 1737, Aug. 2, Jon-
athan Standley.
83. Zaccheus, b. 1716, Nov. 7; d. 1793, Jan. 2; m.
128
1745, Nov. 4, Rebecca Symonds of Middleton ;
no issue.
84. Eliezer, b. 1720, May 29; m. 1740, April 17,
Elizabeth Smith, 2cl. 1755, Feb. 25, Phebe, clan,
of John Gould (No. 110.)
85. Susanna, b. 1722-3, Feb. 11; m. Robert Smith.
38
PmsciLLA 3 , dati. of Capt. John Gould, m. 1695,
April 15; John CURTICE, Jr., the brother of
her brother Zacchcus's wife. He was born 1673,
Oct. 11.
86. Priscilla, b. 1695-6, Jan. 27.
87. John, b. 1697, Apr. 16; d. 1698, Aug. 27.
88. Nathaniel, b. 1698-9, March 13; owned covenant,
1733.
89. Lydia, b. 1701, Apr. 8.
90. Mary, b. 1702-3, Jan. 22; (?) m. Isaac How of
Falmouth.
91. .Sarah, b. 1705, July 4; d. 1706, March 29.
92. Sarah,}). 1712, Jan. 8 ; ( ?) m. Micah Holdgate
of Ipswich.
93. Hannah, b. 1712, Jan. 8; d. 1712, Oct. 24.
39
JOSEPH 3 GOULD, fifth son of Capt. John; m. 1713,
Jan. 14, Priscilla, dan. of Capt. Tobijah and
Sarah (Denison) Perkins. She was born 1689,
Apr. 21, and died 1753, April 11 ; See Geneal.
Reg. x. 212.
94. Priscilla, b. 1714, Apr. 6; d. 1799, May 27; m.
Oct. 3, 1745, Samuel Smith, Jr.
95. Joseph, b. 1715, Sept. 29; died early.
96. Amos, b. 1716-7, March.
129
97. Ruth, b. 1718-9, Mar. 8; m. 1741, Nov. 17, Daniel
Bixby; d. 1808, Sept. 14.
98. Mary, b. 1720, Dec. 22 ; m. 1756, Apr. 27, Dan'l
Robinson, of Middleton.
99. Anna, b. *1722, Oct. 30; d. 1749, June 29.
100. Sarah, b. 1724, Nov. 23; m. 1. 1749, Sept. 24,
Joshua Symouds of Boxford ; 2. Nathan Andrews.
101. Joseph, b. 1726, Nov. 4; m. 1751, Dec. 19, Eliza-
beth, dau. of Rev. John Emerson ; d. 1803, June 9.
102. Daniel, bapt. 1729, Mar. 30; d. 1734, Sept. 15.
103. Elizabeth, bapt. 1731, Dec. 26; d. 1734, Aug. 28.
104. b. 1733 ; d. 1734, Mar. 19.
FOURTH GENERATION.
(A.) TRIBE OF JOHN 3 '.
42
JOHN* GOULD, son of John, m. 1. 1708, Feb. 2,
Hannah Curtis, who d. 1712, Apr. 25.
105. Martha, b. 1709, Nov. 6; m. 1729, Sept. 23, John
Pritchard, and had twenty-one children.
106. Mary, b. 1710-1, Feb. 4 ; in. 1731, June 30, Lieut.
Thomas Gould, No. 59.
107. Hannah, b. 1712, Apr. 9 ; m. 1732, July 9, Sam-
uel Marston.
108. John, b. 1712, Apr. 9 ; d. hi infancy.
He in. 2. 1713, June 23, Phebe Towne.
109. John, bapt. 1714, June 20; d. in infancy.
110. Phebe, b. 1716, Sept. 22; m. 1755, Feb. 25, Elie-
zer Gould, No. 84, being his second wife.
111. Iiezia,\). 1718, May 10; m. 1739, Dec. 20, Jacob,
son of Dr. Michael Dwinell [b. 1715].
112. John, b. 1720, Apr. 6.
(9)
130
113. Richard, b. 1722, Apr. 20; ra. 1747? lived in
Milford and Amherst, N. H.
114. Stephen, b. 1724, July 6; m: 1747-8, Jan. 18,
Hannah Perkins.
115. Ruth, b. 1727, Sept. 16.
116. Jacob, b. 1728-9, Feb. 6; m. 1751, Oct. 27, Eliz-
abeth Towne. Lived in Boxford.
117. Esther, b. 1732, Aug. 10; m. 1751, July 9, Jona-
than Towne.
118. Amos, b. 1735, Aug. 13; d. 1772; m. 1759, May
3, Huldah Foster.
There is some indication of yet another son, Abner, born
about 1726, but this is uncertain.
44
NATHANIEL* GOULD, son of John, married 1716, Apr.
15, Grace Hurd of Yarmouth and resided at
Eastham and Harwich. They had children as
follows :
119. Nathaniel, b. 1717 ; m. 1742-3, Feb. 3, Jane Arey.
120. John, b. 1718 ; m. 1739, Ruth Godfrey of Eastham.
121. Elizabeth, b. 1720 ; ni. 1738, Oliver Arey of East-
ham.
122. Mary, b. 1721 ; m. 1742, Samuel Paine of Eastham.
123. Phebe, b. 1723; m. 1743, Joshua Godfrey of Chat-
ham.
124. Joseph, b. 1725.; m. 1745, Hannah Godfrey of
Chatham.
125. Abigail, b. 1727.
126. Priscilla, b. 1731; in. 1753, Jan. 9, Jonathan Lin-
nell of Eastham.
127. Solomon, b. 1733.
131
47
DANIEL* GOULD, of Topsfield, son of John; m. 1.
1731, July 28, Lydia (born 1712, Dec. 11 ; d.
1739, Dec. 22) dau. of Ebenezer Averill ; and
2. Lucy (b. 1722, Oct. 25 ; d. 1806, Aug. 29)
dau. of Capt. Thomas Tarbox of Weuham and
widow of Elisha Perkins. She was subsequently
married for the third time, 1768, May 31 , to Asa
Gould (No. 157). His children were, by 1st
wife, Lydia :
128. Ruth, b. 1732, June 28 ; d. 1747, Nov. 3.
129. Daniel, b. 1735, March 31 ; d. 1747, Nov. 22.
130. Lydia, b. 1737, June 3; d. 1747, Nov. 8.
By 2d wife, Lucy :
131. Daniel, b. 1753, Dec. 8; d. about 1842; in. 1.
1782, Dec. 24, Mary, dau. of George Booth.
She d. 1785, and he m. 2. 1788, Dec. 25, wid.
Eunice Perley ; lived in Wolfsboro, Bethel and
Rumford, Maine.
132. Elisha, b. 1755, Feb. 20; m. 1779, Sept. 19, Eliz-
abeth Peabody.
133. Lucy, b. 1757, July 23; m. 1778, Nathaniel Gold-
smith of Marblehead.
134. Samuel, b. 1759, March 6; m. 1. 1783, Abigail
Lamson ; 2. 1792, Ruth Tower; lived in Middle-
ton ; d. 1837, Apr. 12.
135. Lydia, b. 1760, Dec. 31 ; m. 1783, July 22, Sam-
uel Hood, d. 1834, Dec. 2.
136. Ruth, b. 1762, Dec. 3; m. 1791, Feb. 17, John
Hood, as his second wife.
137. Moses, b. 1766, June 10; m. 1798, Anna Mecum;
lived in Boxford.
132
48
DAVID* GOULD, son of John, m. 1726, Aug. 10, Abi-
gail Dodge of Beverly. He was in 1737 a large
land owner in Luuenburg, but his life seems to
have been chiefly passed in Sunderlaud and Lev-
erett, Mass. Children:
138. Abigail, b. 1727, Feb. 8, at Topsfield.
139. Rebecca, b. 1728, Mar. 25, at Lunenburg.
140. Solomon, b. 1730, Dec. 15, at Lunenburg; rn.
1757, Dec. 29, Prudence .
141. Joseph, b. 1732-3, Jan. 18, at Lunenburg.
142. Edmund, b. 1735, Jan. 18.
143. Sarah, b. 1736, Sept. ; m. 1759, Feb. 20, Solo-
mon Rood in Amherst.
144. (?) David. 145. Noah, bapt. 1737, Aug. 21.
146. John, bapt. 1739, Aug. 5; d. 1768, June 26; m.
( ? Mary Barrett) .
147. Daniel, b. 1745, Dec. 8,
49
SOLOMON* GOULD, son of John, m. 1. 1734, Dec.
19, Elizabeth, dau. of John Robinson. She d.
1749, Apr. 24, and he m. 2. 1756, May 12,
Rebecca, dau. of Nathan Wood, and widow of
Gideon Bixby. Children by first wife, Eliza-
beth :
148. Elizabeth, b. 1735, Oct. 12 ; m. 1754, May 2, Eli
Towne of Sturbridge ; d. 1799, Apr. 27.
149. Solomon, b. 1738, July 22; m. 1761, July 2,
Mehitable Perkins.
150. Nathaniel, b. 1741, Jan. 26; d. 1746, July 18.
151. Lydia, b. 1743, June 11 ; m. 1764, Feb. 27, Nath'l
Fisk of Danvers; d. 1809, Apr. 25.
152. John, b. 1746, Feb. 20; m. 1. 1769, Feb. 9, Eliz-
133
abeth, dau. of John Bradstreet; 2. 1777, Bethiah
Fitts; d. 1819, Apr. 24.
By second wife, Rebecca :
153. David, b. 1757, Feb. 21; d. 1778, Aug. 1.
154. Ruth, b. 1760, May 8 ; d. 1764, Apr. 9.
155. Amos, b. 1762, Feb. 19; m. 1792, Feb., Lydia
Wood.
(B.) TEIBE OF THOMAS.
59
THOMAS* GOULD, sou of Thomas, m. 1731, June 30,
Mary (No. 106), dau. of John Gould. He is
generally designated upon old records, as Thomas
Gould, junior. Children:
156. Thomas, b. 1732, May 22 ; m. 1757, Dec. 29, Anne
Perkins [b. 1739, June 21] ; they lived in Box-
ford, he died in 1771, and she afterwards m.
1786, Nov. 6, Andrew Foster [d. 1803, Apr. 3]
whose first wife was Hannah Berry of Middleton.
157. Abner, b. 1734, Apr. 27 ; d. 1738, Sept.
158. Asa, b. 1736, June 18 ; d. 1816, July 6 ; m. 1768,
May 31, Lucy, wid. of Daniel L. Gould, and
dau. of Thomas Tar box.
159. Mary, b. 1737, Oct. 22; m. 1768, Sept. 8, Simon
Stiles of Middleton.
160. Dorcas, bapt. 1744, May 13 ; d. 1746, Feb. 9.
161. Benjamin, bapt. 1746, June 18; d. 1747, Dec. 16.
162. Mercy, b. 1748, Mar. 30; d. 1749, Jan. 2.
163. Mercy, b. 1749, May 7 ; d. 1772, Feb. 13.
164. Andrew, b. 1751, July 1; killed 1777, at Ticonde-
roga ; m. 1773, Elizabeth Hood. No issue.
165. Nathaniel, b. 1753, July 16; m. 1. 1777, Nov. 20,
Hannah Killam ; 2. 1791, Mar. 3, Betty Andrews ;
d. 1842, July 3.
134
6O
JACOB* GOULD, son of Thomas, m. 1731, Feb. 4,
Dorothy Goodridge, of Newbuiy [d. 1801, Mar.
23] dau. of Philip and Mehitable (Woodman) ;
moved to Lmienburg 1730, was Constable,
Selectman, Capt. in militia, etc. Children:
166. Mercy, b. 1732, Mar. 4; m. 1752, Dec. 21, Aaron
Taylor, and lived in Kindge, N. H.
167. Oliver, b. 1733, Oct. 3; m. 1759, May 3, Mary
Stockwell of Petersham.
168. Sarah, b. 1735, Apr. 6 ; m. 1759, Dec. 27, Samuel
Sanderson [b. 1734 Apr. 26] ; lived in Gardner,
Mass.
169. Jacob, b. 1737, Oct. 16.
170. Dorothy, b. 1740, Aug. 27 ; d. in ini'ancy.
171. Elijah, b. 1743, Aug. 8 ; m. 1767, Feb. 26, Eunice
Patch.
172. Thomas, b. 1745, Oct. 20; m. 1768, June 28, Eliz-
abeth Willard, of Harvard [b. 1745-6; d. 1817,
Apr. 21] ; d. 1823, Mar. 3.
173. Dorothy,\>. 1750?, Aug. 18; m. 1773, Nov. 1,8,
Stephen Stickney, Jr; d. 1834,Feb. 22.
63
SIMON* GOULD, son of Thomas, m. 1740, Oct. 9,
Jane Palmer of Rowley. Children :
174. Moses, b. 1741, July 21 ; d. of fever, 1763, Sept. 2.
175. Hannah, b. 1744, June 9 ; unmarried (had no
palate); d. 1822, Nov. 25.
176. Jane, b. 1746, July 30; m. 1791, Apr. 12, Jacob
Andrews ; no issue.
177. Huldah, b. 1748, Aug. 1 ; d. 1748, Oct. 22.
178. Lucy, b. 1749, May 27; m. 1770, Sept. 4, Oliver
Perkins.
135
179. Huldah, b. 1752, June 7 ; m. 1777, Mar. 6, Enoch
Kimball of Boxford.
180. Simon, b. 1755, Nov. 8 ; m. 1788, Feb. 19, Sarah
White, and lived in Hempstead, N. H.
181. Elijah^ b. 1758, Feb. 29; d. 1840, Oct. 1; m.
1. 1789, Elizabeth Lake, who died in 1821; 2.
Hannah Esty [b. 1777 ; d. 1825] 3. Dolly Kim-
ball (d. Aug. 21, 1840).
66
BENJAMIN* GOULD, of Lunenburg, fourth son of
Thomas 3 , m. 1. 1739, Oct. 17, Esther, dan. of
Ephraim and Esther (Shedd) Pierce [b. 1722,
May 29] (see Bond's Watertown, p. 401). She
in. 2. 1752, Nov. 2, Joseph Hammond of LoAver
Ashuelot [now Swansey]. (See Bond's Water-
town, p. 270.) Children:
182. Benjamin, b. 1741, Jan. 31 ; in. in Lunenburg,
Sarah Foster of Harvard (b. 1745, Aug. 28).
183. Amos, b. 1744, Feb. 7; d. 1746, Sept. 20.
(C ) TRIBE OF SAMUEL.
69
SAMUEL* GOULD, eldest son of Samuel 3 , m. 1725,
June 9, Mehitable Stiles. Children :
184. Samuel, b. 1727, Mar. 20; d. 1791; m. 1746,
Sarah Gilbert (d. set. ab. 90).
185. Mehitable, b. 1729, Feb. 11 ; m. 1754, Peter Lam-
son, and moved to N. II.
186. Jeremiah, b. 1731, Aug. 5, at Boxford; m. 1.
1755, June 5, Hannah Bartlett of Brookfield ; 2.
17<50, Aug. 21, Hannah Stevens of Heath; d. at
Charlemont, 1809, Aug. 6.
136
187. Nathan, b. 1734, Jan. 8-18, at Boxford ; m. 1757,
Oct. 31, Martha Gilbert, of Br.ookfield ; lived in
Charlemont, moved to Virginia and died there
in 1816.
188. Jonathan, b. 1735, Nov. 28; probably died young.
189. Eli, b. 1738, May 4; m. 1769, Dec. 21, Lydia
Jennings.
190. Deliverance, b. 1742, Feb. 23 ; m. Reuben Nims,
of Shelburne.
70
MOSES* GOULD, son of Samuel 3 , m. 1728, Nov. 7,
Mary Bellows of Lancaster, dau. of Benjamin
and Dorcas (Cutter) Bellows (d. 1747, Sept.
8), and sister of Benjamin Bellows of Walpole.
Children :
Nehemiah, b. 1730, Feb. 19.
Moses, b. 1732, July 4; m. atGroton, 1759, Sept.
13, Submit Holden (b. in Groton, 1729, Nov. 21)
dau. of Stephen and Hannah (Sawtell) Holdeu.
193. Benjamin, b. 1734, Aug. 15.
194. Mary, bapt. 1737, Oct. 2; m. 1752, Mar. 27,
Zachariah Tarbell (b. 1730, Dec. 27), son of
Eleazer and Elizabeth (Bowers) Tarbell of Gro-
ton. They settled in Westminster. He was a
revolutionary soldier.
195. Aaron, bapt. March 16, 1744.
73
JONATHAN 4 GOULD, son of Samuel 3 , m. Lydia Smith
in 1730 (publ. May 3). They lived in Shirley,
where she died, 1758, Sept. 28. (See Butler, p.
490.) Children :-
196. Jonathan, b. 1731, July 24 (d. 1758?).
137
197. Lydia, b. 1732, Dec. 21; m. at Groton, 1758,
May 4, Amos Atherton from Lancaster.
198. Mary, b. 1735, Jan.. 1; d. 1773, Feb. 14; m.
1756, May 26, in Lunenburg, Obadiah Sawtell,
of Shirley.
199. Margaret, b. 1737, Apr. 16.
200. Samuel, bapt. 1739, Dec. 23 ; m. Elizabeth
201. Zaccheus, bapt. 1742, Apr. 25.
202. Daniel, bapt. 1744, May 27.
76
HUBBARD* GOULD, son of Samuel, m. 1. 1743-4.
March 8, Hannah Bootman ; 2. 1759, Mary, widow
of Nathaniel Jones; 3. 1783, Jan. 2, Thankful
Bowles. Children:
203. Hannah, b. 1744-5, Jan. 4.
204. Sarah, b. 1747, June 27.
205. Elizabeth, b. 1750, Aug. 3.
206. Asa, b. 1752, Aug. 26; m. 1. Jerusha Dirth ; 2.
Lois Owen; resided at Coldeu, N. Y., where he
d. 1849, Sept. 11.
(D.) TRIBE OF ZACCHEUS.
79
PRISCILLA,* dau. of Zaccheus 3 Gould, m. 1734, May
27, Samuel SMITH of Topsfield (b. 1714, Jan.
26; d. 1785, Nov. 14) ; brother of the husband
of her sister Susanna, and of the wife of her
brother Eliezer. He was son of Samuel Smith
(b. 1666, Jan. 26) and Kebecca (Curtis), who
were married 1707, Jan. 25. Children :
207. Priscilla, b. m. Kimball. 208. Samuel, b.
209. Vashti, b. m. Hobbs.
210. Susanna, b. m. Hobbs.
138
211. AsaJiet, b. 1744, March 7 ; m. 1767, Feb. 12, Mary
Duty of Wiudham, N. H. Moved about the
year 1790 to Tuubridge, Vt. They had seven
sons and four daughters, viz : 1. Jesse, b. 1768,
Apr. 20; m. Hannah Peabody of Middleton ; d.
Stockholm, N. Y., aged over 80 years. 2. Pris-
cilla, b. 1769, Oct. 24. 3. Joseph,* b. 1771,
June 12 ; m. dan. of Solomon Mack of
Sharon, Vt. ; d. Nauvoo, III:, 1840. 4. Asahel,
b. 1773, May 21 ; d. 1849 at Des Moines, Iowa.
5. Mary, b. 1775, June 4. 6. Samuel, b. 1777,
Sept. 15 ; d. 1834, Pottsdum, N. Y. 7. Silas, b.
1779, Oct. 1 ; cl. 1839, Sept. 13, Pittsfield, Pike
Co. 111. 8. John, b. 1781, July 16; d. 1854,
May 3, at Salt Lake City. 9. Susanna, b. 1783,
May 18. 10. Stephen, 1). 1785, April 23; d.
1802, July 25. 11. Sarah, b. 1789, May 16.
80
JOHN* GOULD, son of Zaccheus 3 , m. 1748-9, Jan. 5,
Esther, wid. of Richard Bixby, and previously of
James Taylor, Jr. She was dati. of John Giles
of Salem (b. ab. 1671) ; was bapt. 1718, July
8 ; and d. 1788, Dec. 20. Her sou Bartholomew
Taylor was living at the time of her 3d. marriage,
but d. get. ab. 20 years. She is No. 71 in Vintou's
" Giles memorial". Her mother (m. for the 2d.
time 1709, May 9), was Esther, dau. of Dr. John
Swinnerton of Salem, who d. 1691, set. 57.
212. John, b. 1749, Oct. 1 ; m. 1775, Jan. 12, Ruth
Perkins, sister of Robert; d. 1820, Jan. 11.
* Father of Joseph Smith, founder of the church of Latter Day
Saints, who was bom at Sharon, Vt., 1805, Dec. 2G; lived at Palmyra
N. Y., Manchester, N. Y., and Nauvoo, 111; and was killed at Carthage
111. 1844, June 27.
139
213. Benjamin, b. 1751, May 15; m. 1781, July 19,
Grizzel Apthorp Flagg of Lancaster; d. 1841,
May 30.
214. b. and d. 1753, April 5.
215. Esther, b. 1754, March 7 ; m. 1784, March 4, Capt.
Robert Perkins.
216. Elizabeth, b. 1756, May 6; unmarried, lived in the
paternal house, and d. 1844, June 11 (1843, on
church records).
84
ELIEZEU* GOULD, son of Zaccheus 3 , m. 1. 1740,
Apr. 17, Elizabeth Smith (b. 1718, July 8 ; d.
1753, March 27) ; 2. 1755, Feb. 25, Phebe 5
Gould (Xo. 110), clan, of John G. of Boxford.
Children :
217. Eliezer, b. 1740, Sept. 23; m. 1761, Jan. 6, Sarah
Bigelow.
218. Elizabeth, b. 1742, Nov. 12; d. 1743, Feb..4.
219. Zaccheux, b. 1743-4, Feb. 5 ; m. 1778, AnneBrowu
of Boxford; d. 1823, Feb. 13.
220. John, b. 1746, Mar. 5 ; m. 1772, Dec. 3, Jane
Palmer.
221. Huldah, b. 1748, Aug. 1; d. 1748, Oct. 22.
222. Elizabeth, b. 1749, Sept. 22 ; m. 1794, Feb. 19,
Thos. Lyon, of White Plains X. Y. ; d. 1829,
Sept.
223. Rebecca, b. 1752, Dec. 31 ; m. 1788, Mar. 25, Amos
Foster.
224. Besaleel, b. 1756, July 4; m. 1. 1788, Bathsheba
Robinson and lived in Douglas; 2. wid. of
Hill.
225. Jedediah, b. 1758, Apr. .7 ; d. 1758, Apr. 22.
226. Aholiab, b. 1759, June 24; killed 1777, Oct. 8 by
cannon ball at taking of Burgoyne.
140
227. Ebenezer, b. 1760 ; m. Anna Cook of Burrillville,
K. I. ; d. 1809.
(E.) TRIBE OF JOSEPH.
101
JOSEPH* GOULD, son of Joseph 3 , m. 1751, Dec. 19,
Elizabeth (b. 1730, Sept. 28), eldest dau. Rev.
John and Elizabeth Emerson; d. 1825, Mar. 5.
Children :
228. Elizabeth, b. 1752, Dec. 4; m. 1784, June 29,
Stephen Perley.
229. Joseph, b. 1753, Dec. 6; d. ret. 14, 1767, Sept. 16.
230. Dorcas, d. in infancy.
231. Daniel, b. 1755-6, Jan. 18 ; m. 1778, Sarah Brad-
street; d. 1826, Apr. 3.
232. Priscilla, b. 1757, Nov. 13 ; m. 1796, May 21, John
Longfellow of Byfield.
233. Sarah, b. 1759, Aug. 26.
234. Mary, b. 1761, Mar. 29 ; m. 1788, May 6, Elijah
Averill.
235. Emerson, b. 1763, Jan. 23 ; m. Sarah who
afterwards m. James Covell.
236. John, b. 1765, Jan. 27; m. 1. 1788, Jan. 8, Sarah
Lamsou ; 2. 1795, Betsey Stephens of Boxford ;
3. Clark.
237. Cornelius, b. 1767, Feb. 1; m. 1. Phebe Porter;
2. 1812, Lydia Jenkins.
238. Sarah, b. 1769, Feb. 5 ; m. Phiue'as Perley.
239. Abigail, b. 1771, Oct. 27; m. 1792, Feb. 9, Peter
Shaw of Beverly.
240. Joseph, b. 1773, Aug. 29; m. 1. 1794, Apr. 7,
Ruth Porter; 2. -1825, Jan. 16, Catherine B.
Parker; d. 1834.
141
FIFTH GENERATION.
(A) TRIBE OF JOHN.
113.
EiCHARD 5 GOULD, son of John 4 , m. 1747 ? . Chil-
dren :
241. Mary, b. 1745, Mar. 24.
242. John, b. 1748, May 1 ; d. 1748, May 31.
114.
STEPHEN 5 GOULD, son of John 4 , in. 1748, Jan. 18,
Hannah Perkins, lived in N. H. Children :
243. Hannah, b. 1750, Feb. 5.
244. Elijah, b. 1752, Mar. 30; was in American army,
d. 1775, May 8.
245. Stephen, b. 1754, Feb. 6 ; m. Lydia Fuller ; d. 1825.
246. Abner, b. 1756, Apr. 7; d. 1771, Jan. 30.
247. Eunice, b. 1758, Mar. 31 ; m. 1787, June 3, Wm.
Booth of Hillsboro'.
248. Jacob, b. 1759, Dec. 13 ; m. 1783, Jan. 13, Susanna,
(No. 256) dau. of Jacob 5 Gould (No. 116.)
249. Sarah, b. 1762, Apr. 12.
250. John, b. 1766, Sept. 29; d. 1767, Aug. 5.
116.
JACOB 5 GOULD, son of John 4 , in. 1751, Oct. 27, Eliz-
abeth Towue of Topsfield ; he commanded a com-
pany at Lexington. Children :
251. Jacob, b. 1752, Apr. 28; d. 1753, July 25.
252. Jtichard, b. 1753, June 15 ; d. 1754, Jan. 30.
253. Ruth, b. 1755, Jan. 22; m. 1787, Sept. 13, Nathan
Perley of Georgetown.
254. Elizabeth, b. 1756, Dec. 12; m. 1787, Mar. 15,
Nathaniel Herrick of Box ford ; d. 1814, Apr. 13.
142
255. Edna, b. 1759, Mar. 17; m. 1. Samuel Stiles; 2.
Jacob Fly nn of Milford, N. H.
256. Susanna, b. 1761, Feb. 13; m. 1783, Jan. 13,
Jacob (No. 248), (son of Stephen 5 Gould, No.
114) d. 1857.
257. Jacob, b. 1764, Sept. 9; m. 1790, May 25, Ruth
Peabody of Middleton.
258. Lois, b. 1766, Nov. 1 ; m. in Boxford, 1791, July
7, Benj. Perley of Dtmbarton, N. H. (Children
in Hist. Dumbarton, p. 254.)
259. Samuel, b. 1768.
260. Kezia, b. 1770, Oct. 24; m. 1805, Dec. 17, Joseph
Smith.
261. Haldah, b. 1774, Dec. 21 ; m. 1801, June 30, Moses
Dorman (Sen.) ; d. 1846, Oct. 26.
262. John, b. 1778, July 11 ; m. 1799, June 29, Polly
Prince ; living in Boxford in 1860.
118
AMOS S GOULD, son of John*, m. 1759, May 3, Huldah
Foster; lived in Bridgeton, Me. Children:
263. Ezra, b. 1760, Mar. 7."
264. Amos, b. 1761, Dec. 12.
265. Huldah, b. 1764, Mar. 31 ; m. 1784, Benj. Kimball
of Bridgeton, Me.
266. Phebe, b. 1766, Mar. 6.
267. Enoch, bapt. 1770, Dec. 2.
119.
NATHANIEL 5 GOULD, son of Nathaniel 4 , m. 1743, Feb. .
3, Jane Arey. Children :
268. Hannah, b. 1743.
269. Nathaniel, b. 1745.
143
270. Joshua, b. 1747 ; m. 1770, Mary ( ) Kurd, d.
1826, Jan. 19.
271. Daniel, b. 1749.
120.
JOHN 5 GOULD, son of Nathaniel 4 , m. 1739, Ruth God-
frey of Eastham. Children :
272. John, b. 1741, Sept. 15 ; m. 1766, Jan. 23, Apphia
Cole.
273. Thomas, b. 1743, Mar. 26; m. 1762, Nov. 11,
Phebe Cole ; lost at sea.
274. Richard, b. 1744, Dec. 9; m. 1765, Sept. 12,
Martha Bearse of Chatham.
275. Abigail, b. 1746, Apr. 22.
131.
DANIEL 3 GOULD, son of Daniel 4 , ru. 1782, Dec. 24,
Mary (b. 1751, July 3, d. 1785, Oct. 1) dau. of
George Booth of Hillsboro'. They had cue
child :
276. Molly, b. 1785, Sept. 28; d. 1785, Dec. 4.
132.
ELiSHA 5 GOULD, son of Daniel 4 , m. 1779, Sept. 19,
Elizabeth (b. 1750, Aug. or 1749, July 19)
dau. of Zorobbabel Peabody of Middletou ; 2?
1789, Sept. 17, Elizabeth Lake. Children :
277. Betsy, b. 1781, July 4; m. Levi Hyde of Ossipee,
N. H.
278. Jerusha Peabody, b. 1784, Feb. 15; m. Robert
Roberts of Ossipee; d. 1812, Feb. 14.
279. Polly, b. 1785-6, June 8 ; m. Stephen Willey.
134.
SAMUEL 5 GOULD, son of Daniel 4 , m. 1. 1784, Feb.
144
12, Abigail, dau. of John Lamson ; 2. 1792,
Feb. 13, Ruth (b. 1763, Feb., d. 1851, Jan. 19)
dau. of Joshua Towne. Childreu by his first wife,
Abigail :
280. Samuel Lamson,- bapt. 1785, Apr. 24; in. 1807,
Mar. 19, Mary Long; d. 1860, Apr. 9.
281. Lucy, bapt. 1786, Apr. 9.
282. Josiah, b. 1789, Jan. 8 ; in. 1816, Betsy 6 Gould,
(No. 482) dau. of Dea. John 5 (No. 212) and
Ruth (Perkins) ; d. 1851, Apr. 26.
283. d. in infancy.
284. Ruth, m. George Thomas of Middleton.
By 2nd. wife, Ruth :
285. Asa, bapt. 1793, June; unmarried; d. 1838.
286. Abigail, b. 1795, Mar. 26; unmarried; living in
1860.
287. Sally, bapt. 1799, Nov. 24; m. Fletcher.
288. Patty, bapt. 1803, Apr. 10; m. 1831, Dec. 28,
Samuel "W. Weston.
137.
MosES 5 GOULD, son of Daniel 4 , m. 1793, Apr. 14,
Anne Mecurn (b. 1771, living in 1860). Chil-
dren :
289. Moses, b. 1800, May 27 ; m. Lydia Abbot Russell ;
jd. 1845, June 30.
290. Daniel Tarbox, b. 1805, Apr. 30; unmarried in
1860.
291. Nancy, m. 1844, Oct. 15, Dan'l Andrews. No
issue.
140.
SOLOMON 5 GOULD, son of David 4 , m. 1757, Dec. 29,
Prudence ret. 18. They lived in Sunder-
land and Leverett, Mass. Children :
145
292. David, b. 1758, Dec. 29.
293. Solomon, b. 1760, Sept. 6- 22 ; d. 1762, Aug. 16.
294. Phebe, b. 1762, May 6 ; d. 1762, May 7.
295. Samuel, b. 1763, Mar. 21.
296. Noah, b. 1763, Mar. 21 ; m. 1794, Jan. 30, Mary
Williams.
297. Phebe, b. 1765, Jan. 26.
298. Prudence, b. 1767, June 26.
299. John, b. 1769, May 8.
300. Basmath, b. 1771, June 2.
301. Solomon, b. 1773, Apr. 27.
302. Lucius, b. 177(5), June 12.
303. Mosley, b. 1777, July 18.
304. Nathan, b. 1779, Apr. 27.
305. Amos, b. 1780, Dec. 17.
146
JOHN 5 GOULD, son of David 4 ; m. ? Mary Barrett
of Sunderland ; one child :
306. Miriam, bapt. 1766, Feb. 9 at Amherst.
149
SOLOMON 5 GOULD of Middleton, sou of Solomon 4 ,
m. 1761, July 2, Mehitable Perkins. Children :
307. Nathaniel, b. 1762, Mar. 13 ; twice married.
308. Solomon, b. 1764, Sept. 13 ; m. Betsey Proctor of
Marblehead.
309. Mehitable, b. 1768, May 3; d. of consumption,
1787, Aug. 11.
310. Martha, b. 1772, Sept. 7 ; died of consumption.
150
LYDiA 6 , dau. of Solomon 4 Gould of Topsfield ; m.
1764, Feb. 27, Nathaniel FISK of Danvers [b.
10
146
1740-41, March; d. 1815, Apr. 9], sou of The-
ophilus and Jemima (Goldsmith) Fisk; resided
in Topsfield. [See Essex Inst. Hist. Coll., VIII,
180] Children :
311. Nathaniel, b. 1764, Dec. 2; m. 1794, Nov. 20,
Mehitable Balch.
312. Ruth, b. 1767, May 10; m. Elijah Perkins.
313. John, bapt. 1769, Aug. 20; m. Huldah Wood-
bury ; d. 1803, May 4.
314. Lydia, bapt. 1772, March 1 ; d. 1777, May 16.
315. Benjamin, b. 1774, Aug. 17; m. 1796, March 17,
Lydia Hobbs.
316. Ebenezer, m. 1804, Mary Dodge.
317. Moses, b. 1777, Aug. 20 ; m. 1802, Dec. 12, Sukey
Platts.
Lydia, bapt. 1780, April 23.
David, b. 1783, Nov. 24: m. 1813, Apr. 8, Nancy
Baker.
151
JOHN 5 GOULD of Topsfield, son of Solomon 4 , m. 1.
1769, Feb. 9, Elizabeth Bradstreet, dau. of John
and Elizabeth (Fisk) Bradstreet [d. 1775, Oct.
18] ; 2. 1777, June 3, in Hamilton, Bethiah
Fitts of Ipswich. Children by his first wife,
Elizabeth :
320. Abigail, b. 1769, Dec. 25; m. 1793, Dec. 10,
Moody Perley of Boxford.
321. Rebecca, b. 1772, May 31 ; d. 1782, Feb. 10.
322. Elizabeth, b. 1774, Apr. 20; unmarried; d. 1796,
Apr. 5.
By his second wife, Bethiah :
323. David, bapt. 1780, June 18; d. 1781, Aug. 26.
324. Rebecca, b. 1782, Jan. 7 ; m. 1802, Mar. 18, John
Boardman of Topsfield.
147
325. John, b. 1785, Aug. 29 ; m. 1809, Nov. 30, Mary
Averell.
326. David, d. in infancy.
327. Elsey, b. 1788, Aug. 14 ; m. 1807, Dec. 25, Allen 6
Gould (No. 346).
328. David, bapt. 1791, Mar. 27.
329. Martha, b. 1793, Feb. 23; m. Israel Conant of
Ipswich.
154
AMOS S Gould of Peacham, Vt., son of Solomon 4 ; m.
1792, Feb. 9, at Boxford, Lydia Wood [b. 1760
and d. 1845, May 3]. They settled in Peacham,
1792. Children:
330. David, b. 1792, Nov. 5 ; m. in Boston, Susan Glea-
son, of Acworth, N. H. No children ; he was
lawyer in Chelsea, Mass., and d. there in 1860.
331. Jacob Wood, b. 1794, May 24; m. 1818, Feb. 12,
Maria Eew; d. 1868, Mar. 20.
332. Bennett, b. 1797, Dec. 1 ; m. 1833, Sarah Marsh.
(B.) TRIBE OF THOMAS.
156
THOMAS 5 GOULD of Boxford, son of Thomas 4 , m.
1757, Dec. 29, Anne Perkins [b. 1739, June 21].
She married, 2. 1786, Nov. 8, Andrew Foster in
Boxford [whose ancestry is in Geneal. Reg., XX,
229]. Children:
333. Dorcas, b. 1758, Nov. 3 ; d. 1759, June 16.
334. Anna, b. 1761, May 12; d. 1762, Dec. 30.
335. Benjamin, bapt. 1763, Jan. 30; m. 1785, Apr. 17,
Eusebia Abbot.
336. Anna, bapt. 1764, Nov. 11 ; m. Joshua Chamber-
lin of Arriugton, Me.
148
337. Sarah, bapt. 1766, Nov. 2 ; m. in Middleton, 1790,
Aug. 31, Asa Felton of Danvers.
338. Thomas, bapt. 1769, Mar. 5; d. in Southfield,
Mass. , set. about 25 ; m. in Salem ; had children
George and Mary.
339. Ezra, bapt. 1770, Dec. 23.
340. Mercy, bapt. 1773, Jan. 17 ; d. 1774, Sept. 28.
341. Phebe, bapt. 1775, Mar. 5 ; unmarried in 1799.
342. Andrew, b. 1777, June 21 ; m. Pamelia Kinney of
Middleton ; d. 1844, Jan. 24, in Boxford.
164
NATHANIEL 5 GOULD of Topsfield, son of Thomas 4 ,
m. 1. 1777, Nov. 20, Hannah Killam [b. 1755 ;
d. 1790, Apr. 5] ; 2. 1792, Mar. 3, Betty An-
drews. Children by first wife, Hannah :
343. b. 1779 ; d. 1781, July 20.
344. Hannah 2d.," b. 1781, Sept. 1; m. 1804, Sept.
16, Francis Hood.
345. Sally, b. 1783, Aug. 1 ; m. 1804, Apr. 15, David
Brown.
346. Allen, b. 1785, Sept. 15; m. 1. 1807, Dec. 25,
Elsey 6 Gould (No. 327) ; 2. Martha Drowne ; 3.
Mary Ann Potter ; d. 1862.
347. Andrew, b. 1787, Mar. 2 ; m. 1816, Nov. 15, Emily
Webb.
348. Polly, b. 1789, Feb. 1 ; living in Boxford in 1869.
349. Louisa, b. 1790, June 25 ; m. Francis Perley ; d.
1843.
Children by his second wife, Betty :
350. Sophia, b. 1792, Nov. 13.
351. Nathaniel, b. 1794, Aug. 27; went to sea, set. 21,
and died on homeward passage.
352. Andrews, b. 1796, Aug. 4; m. 1. 1821, Sept. 21,
149
Eebecca Putnam [d. 1854, Jan. 1] ; 2. 1855,
Mar. 19, Lydia 6 T. (No. 564), wid. of E. How
and dau. of Joseph 5 Gould (No. 240).
353. Francis, b. 1798, Sept. 5; m. 1. 1822, Oct. 9,
Irene Perley; 2. 1840, June 30, Catharine B.,
dau. of Edmimd Parker and widow of Joseph 5
Gould (No. 240) ; 3. Eliza, wid. of Cyrus Dud-
ley.
354. Dolly, b. 1800, Sept. 19; unmarried; d. 1835,
Jan. 28.
355. Pamelia, b. 1802, Oct. 19 ; m. 1825, Nathaniel
Dorman of Boxford.
356. Esther A., b. 1804, Dec. 30 ; m. Perley.
357. Thomas, b. 1807, Oct. 15; m. 1833, May 23,
Betsey Perkins.
358. Lemuel Holt, b. 1809, Nov. 11 ; .m. 1839, Jan. 23,
Sally Mundy.
165
MERCY 5 , dau. of Jacob 4 Gould, m. 1752, Dec. 21,
Aaron TAYLOR of Lunenburg and in 1760 settled
in Bindge, N. H., then called "Kowley, Canada."
Children :
359. Jonathan, b. 1753, July 22.
360. Aaron, b. 1755, Jan. 19.
361. Sarah, b. 1757, July 24.
362. Martha, b. 1760, Sept. 6. The church records
give her name as Mercy, bapt. 1760, Oct. 12.
363. Rebecca, b. 1763, June 11.
364. David, b. 1765, April 25.
166
OLIVER 5 GOULD, son of Jacob 4 , m. 1759, May 3,
in Petersham, Mary Stockwell of Petersham.
Children :
150
365. Oliver, b. 1760, Mar. 31.
366. Sarah, b. 1762, Aug. 16.
367. Lucy, b. 1764, Sept. 9.
368. Mary, b. 1766, Oct. 16.
369. Susannah, bapt. 1769, Jan. 8.
167
SARAH 5 , dau. of Jacob* Gould, m. 1759, Dec. 27,
Samuel Sanderson [b. 1734, Apr. 26, in Lunen-
burg]. He was a soldier of the Revolutionary
army. They moved to Gardner, Mass., where
both died. Children :
370. Samuel, bapt. 1762, Nov. 21.
371. Abraham, bapt. 1766, June 15.
372. Patience, bapt. 1770, March 4.
170
ELIJAH 5 GOULD, son of Jacob*, m. 1767, Feb. 26,
Eunice Patch. Children :
373. Lois, b. 1767, Dec. 22, in Rindge. 374. ? Joshua.
375. Samson, b. in Lunenburg, 1770, Jan. 31 ; m. 1795,
Nov. 22, Betsey (No. 384), dau. of Thomas 5
Gould; d. 1847, Oct. 24.
376. Mary, b. 1772. 377. ? Abigail.
378. Eunice, b. 1773, Dec. 21; d. 1846, at Waltham;
m. 1793, Mar. 19, Elisha Parker, Jr.
379. Elijah, b. 1775, Dec. 7 ; lived in Lebanon, N. H.
380. Benjamin, b. 1778, Dec. 30.
381. Ruth, bapt. 1782, June 9.
382. Sarah, bapt. 1783, Sept. 28.
171
THOMAS 5 GOULD, son of Jacob* of Lunenburg, m.
1768, June 28, in Harvard, Elizabeth Willard
151
[b. 1745-6, and d. 1817, Apr. 21, while visiting
her son in Charlestown.] She was dau. or niece
of Phineas Willard. Children :
383. Phineas, bapt. 1770, Nov. 4; d. 1776, Dec. 21.
384. Elizabeth, b. 1772; in. 1795, Nov. 22, Samson 6
Gould (No. 375) sou of Elijah 5 ; d. 1846, May 17.
385. Thomas, b. 1776, Sept. 10; m. 1805-6, Jan. 15-16,
Lydia Ellingwood of Charlestown [b. 1781, d.
1867, Apr. 13]. He died 1865, Dec. 31, at
Luueuburg.
386. Sabra, bapt. 1*779, Dec. 25 ; d. 1852, June 1 ; m.
1. 1804, Apr. 9, Ezra Clap, Jr. [d. in 1805,
Sept. 1] ; 2. Joseph Hayden [b. 1788 ; d. 1865,
Apr. 7].
387. Lucinda, bapt. 1787, Aug. 19 ; d. 1795, May 14.
172
DOROTHY 5 , dau. of Jacob 4 Gould of Lunenburg, m.
1773, Nov. 18, Stephen STICKNEY, Jr. [b. Kow-
ley, 1743, Nov. 10 ; d. Lunenburg, 1838, Oct.
26] son of Stephen and Mehitable (Goodridge)
Stickney. He was constable, selectman and town
treasurer of Luneuburg, and died at the age of
95. Children :
388. David, b. 1775, March 27 ; m. Sally Ehodes.
389. Mehitable, b. 1777, Oct. 21 ; d. 1820, Sept. 11 ;
unmarried.
390. /Stephen, b. 1781, March 15 ; m. 1825, Mary, dau.
of Wrn. Kilburn, and widow of Abel French.
Besides in Groton.
179
GOULD, son of Simon 4 , m. 1788, Feb. 19,
Sarah White. Children :
152
391. Moses, b. 1788, Nov. 22 ; m. 1818, Feb. 23, Mehit-
able Upton of Danvers ; d. 1829, Jan. 14.
392. Oliver, b. 1790, Apr. 5 ; d. 1795, June 22-29.
393. Oliver, b. 1795, Dec. 21 ; d. 1796, Aug. 11.
394. ffaffield,b. 1797, Oct. 8: unmarried; d. 1841.
395. Sally, b. 1800, May 26 ; m. 1824, June 18, Jesse
Perley, Jr., of Boxford.
396. 8am'l White, b. 1803, Jan. 8 ; m. of Balti-
more ; and d. in Philadelphia leaving one daughter.
397. Elijah, b. 1805, Sept. 19.
398. Thorndike Osgood, b. 1808, May 19.
180
ELIJAH 5 GOULD of Topsfield, son of Simon 4 , m. 1.
1789, Sept. 17, Elizabeth [b. 1768, July 25 ; d.
1821, Nov. 5] dau. of Eliezer and Sarah Lake;
2. Hannah Esty [d. in 1825] ; 3. Dolly Kimball
[d. 1840, Aug. 21, in Andover]. Children by
his first wife, Elizabeth :
399. d. set. 2 yrs., 1795, July 19.
400. d. set. 5 months, 1795, July 5.
401. Mehitable, b. 1801, Oct. 2; m. Hugh Floyd; d.
1828, Aug. 3.
No children by second or third marriage.
181
BENJAMIN 5 GOULD of Kludge, N. H., son of Benja-
min 4 , m. 1764, May 14, Sarah Foster [b. in Har-
vard, Mass., 1745, Aug. 28]. Children:
402. Esther, b. 1765, Sept. 19.
403. Benjamin, b. 1767, July 26.
404. Martha, b. 1770, June 18 ; d. 1776, March.
405. Rebecca, b. 1772, Nov. 25 ; d. 1776, Feb.
406. Joseph, b. 1774, June 2 ; d. 1776, Feb.
153
407. Sarah, b. 1779, May 4; d. 1780, Feb. 27, at
Rockiugharn.
408. Sarah, b. 1785,' June 7.
409. Joseph, b. 1776, Feb. 19.
(C.) TRIBE OF SAMUEL.
183
SAMUEL 5 GOULD, sou of Samuel 4 , m. 1750, Sarah Gil-
bert [d. set. ab. 90]. They lived in Brookfield,
Arnherst, Charlemont and Heath. Children :
410. /Sarah, b. 1751, Aug. 13 ; m. Ebenezer Field.
411. JEsther,}). 1753, June 30; unmarried; d. set. 55.
412. Samuel, b. 1755, May 30 and was killed at White
Plains, 1776, Oct. 28.
413. Isaac, b. 1758, Apr. 14; m. 1780, Olive Thayer;
d. 1844.
414. Daniel,\). 1760, Jan. 24; went "south;" was un-
married and died in New York City of yellow
fever.
415. Beulah, b. 1761, July 9 ; d. young.
416. Eli, b. at Amherst, 1766, May 5 ; m. 1790, Mar.
3, Bernice Johnson of Westford; d. at Heath,
1848, June 24.
417. Mehitable, m. Wni. Batt, an Englishman of Bur-
goyne's army, and lived in Beunington, Vt.
185
JEREMIAH 5 GOULD, son of Samuel*, m. 1. 1755, June
5, Hannah Bartlett, in Brookfield ; 2. 1760, Aug.
21, Hannah Stevens [d. 1812, Dec. 12]. He
lived in Brookfield from the age of about 15 yrs.
and about 1773 removed to Charlemout. Chil-
dren by his first wife :
154
418. Aaron, b. 1757, Dec. 23 ; m. 1781, May 29, Lydia
Gray ; d. 1826, Oct. 16.
419. Nathan (no children).
Children by his second wife :
420. John. .421. Mary O., b. 1769, Aug. 21; d. 1789,
Dec. 4.
422. Lydia, m. 1. Eells ; 2. Ephraim Eddy;
lived in Coleraine.
186
NATHAN 5 GOULD, son of Samuel 4 , m. 1757, Oct. 31,
Martha Gilbert of Brookfield. He moved from
Charlemont, Mass., with his son Nathan, to Vir-
ginia, in 1816, and died about two weeks after
his arrival. Children :
423. Jonathan was in revolutionary army and in a de-
tachment commanded by Gen. Lee at Monmouth ;
d. 1778.
424. Mehitable, m. Barnabas Alden of Ashfield.
425. Benjamin, b. 1767, Oct. 3; m. Lydia Alden; d.
1849, Dec. 2.
426. Paschal JPaoli, named for the Corsican General ;
died early.
427. Lydia, b. 1772, July 3 ; m. Eobert Young.
428. Nathan, b. 1776; m. 1. Esther Alden; 2. Ceman-
tha (Phillips) , wid. of Martin Burr of West Vir-
ginia ; d. 1826 or 1856.
429. Gilbert, b. 1779, Feb. ; m. 1803, Mehitable Tay-
lor ; living in 1869.
188
ELI S GOULD, son of Samuel 4 , m. 17.69, Dec. 21,
Lydia Jennings. They had one son :
430. Samuel, b. in Amherst, Mass. ; m. Gates.
155
191
MosES 5 GOULD, son of Moses 4 , m. 1759, Sept. 13,
in Groton, Submit [b. 1729, Nov. 21], dau. of
Stephen and Hannah (Sawtell) Holden. Chil-
dren :
431. Jeremiah, b. 1760, Jan. 27.
432. Moses, b. 1761, Sept. 1.
193
MARY S , dau. of Moses 4 Gould, m. 1752, Mar. 27,
Zachariah TARBELL [b. 1730, Dec. 27], son of
Eleazer and Elizabeth (Bowers) of Groton.
They settled in Westminster, Mass. He was a
revolutionary soldier. Children :
433. Molly, b. 1753, May 1.
434. Zachariah, b. 1754, Nov. 9 ; a revolutionary sol-
dier.
435. Elizabeth, b. 1755, Dec. 5.
436. Molly, b. 1757-8, Mar. 19.
437. Sibyl, b. 1758-9, Mar. 9.
438. Sarah, b. 1760, Sept. 20.
439. Bethuel, bapt. 1764, Sept 30.
196
LYDiA 5 , dau. of Jonathan 4 Gould, m. 1758, May 4,
at Grotou, Amos ATHERTON of Lancaster. Chil-
dren :
440. Lydia, b. 1759, Jan. 22.
441. Amos, b. 1760, Oct. 31.
442. Betty, b. 1762, Oct. 27.
443. Jonathan, b. 1765, Jan. 17.
444. Mary, b. 1768, July 28.
445. David, b. 1769, Oct. 6.
156
446. Eunice, b. 1771, Jan. 10; d. 1839, May 29; m.
1. 1791, May 12, William, son of Stephen and
Elizabeth (Lovejoy) Boynton [b. 1761, March
29; d. 1815, Feb. 27] ; 2. 1822, Dec. 8, Adoui-
ram, sou of Aaron and Martha (Porter) Patch
[b. 1789? d. 1851, Apr. 18].
447. Sarah,}*. 1773, Feb. 23; d. 1858, Sept. 19; m.
1809, June 6, David Bennett [b. Shirley, 1.754,
Nov. 17], son of David and Elizabeth (Wait)
Bennett. Had three children.
448. /Samuel, b. 1774, Oct. 18 ; d. 1774.
197
MARY S , dau. of Jonathan* Gould, of Lunenburg, m.
1756, Ma}' 26, Obadiah SAWTELL, who was born
1732, Oct. 11, at Groton [See Butler's Hist, of
Groton, p. 496]. Children:
449. Obadiah, b. 1757, Nov. 29.
450. Lydia, b. 1760, May 15.
451. Solomon, b. 1762, Feb. 23.
452. -/Sarah, b. 1764, Apr. 2 ; m. 1789, Mar. 4, Jesse
' Farnsworth.
453. Daniel, b. 1766, July 18.
454. Rebecca, b. 1768, June 3.
455. Zachariah, b. 1770, Mar. 11 ; d. 1771, Feb. 12.
456. Ede, b. 1772, June 17 ; d. 1772, Aug. 4.
199
SAMUEL 5 GOULD, son of Jonathan 4 , in. Elizabeth
Children :
457. Betty, b. 1769, Jan. 29, at Shirley.
458. Lydia, b. 1770, Sept 24.
459. Sarah, b. 1772, Oct. 23 ; d. same day.
460. Molly, b. 1776, Feb. 28.
157
461. Phineas, b. 1778, Oct. 25, at Lunenburg.
462. Hannah, b. 1781, Mar. 11.
205
AsA 5 GOULD, sou of Hubbard 4 , m. 1. 1784, Mar. 4,
Jerusha Derth ; 2. Lois Owen [born 1770, Mar.
31, and died 1847, Nov. 2] ; lived in Brookfield,
East Bethel, Vt., and Golden, Erie Gouuty, N.
Y. Children by his first wife, Jerusha :
463. Ezra, b. 1785, at East Bethel.
464. Elmer, b. 1787 ; moved to Wisconsin ; d. about
1867.
465. Hannah, b. 1790.
By his second wife, Lois :
466. John Derth, b. 1795, Mar. 11 ; m. 1820, May 7,
Hannah Bnffum; d. 1864, Nov. 15.
467. Mary March, b. 1797, Jan. 21 ; m. 1. 1817, June
20, Joseph Mayo, who died in Nov., 1830, leav-
ing one child, Sylvester Jackson Gould Mayo,
b. 1819, Apr. 23 ; d. 1842, Feb. 10. She m. 2.
Wade Clark [d. 1864, Apr. 6].
468. Jerusha, b. 1799. Jan. 7 ; drowned at White River,
set. about 17.
469. Philena, b. 1801, Dec. ; m. Soril Pierce.
470. Asa, b. 1804, Feb. 4; m. 1. 1824, March, Sally
Smith; 2. 1858, June 17, Phebe Wood [b. 1821,
March 2.]
471. Cornelius R., b. 1806, Apr. ; d. 1808, Aug.
472. Emily, b. 1808, Aug. ; unmarried.
473. Cornelius R., ( ?) b. 1810, Oct. 14 ; m. Nancy Fol-
som [b. 1813, Oct. 26].
474. Sylvanus Owen, b. 1812, Aug. 12 ; m. Marietta
Bacon ; a lawyer in Buffalo.
475. Jerusha M., b. 1816, Dec. 12; m. David French.
158
(D.) TRIBE OF ZACCHEUS.
211
JOHN 5 GOULD of Topsfield, son of John 4 , m. 1775,
Jan. 12, Ruth [b. 1753, Oct. 1, d. 1838, Jan.
9], dau. of Robert and Hannah Perkins. Chil-
dren :
476. Amos, b. 1775, Dec. 26; m. 1. Mary Herrick; 2.
Nelly Hood; d. 1850, June 2.
477. Mehitable, b. 1778, Apr. 17; m. 1824, Dec. 26,
Peter Dodge of Wenham.
478. Ruth, b. 1780, Apr. 10; d. 1781, Aug. 26.
479. Ruth, b. 1783, Aug. 3; unmarried; d. 1851, Aug.
29.
480. Lydia, b. 1788, June 12 ; m. 1808, Aug. 14, Sam-
uel C. Todd.
481. John, b. 1795, Nov. 12; m. 1818, Dec. 3, Harriet 6
(No. 557), dau. of Joseph 5 Gould (No. 240);
d. 1822, Oct. 7.
482. Betsey, b. 1799, Jan. 5; m. 1816, Josiah 6 Gould
(No. 282), son of Samuel 5 (No. 134).
212
BENJAMIN 5 GOULD, of Lancaster and Newburyport,
son of Dea. John 4 , m. 1781, July 19, Grizzel
Apthorp [b. 1753, May 2; d. 1827, Jan. 19],
dau. of Gershom and Hannah (Pitson) Flagg.
He was captain in the war of Independence and
fought at Bunker Hill. Children :
483. John Flagg, 1). 1782, June 26; m. 1. Mary Tur-
ner, of Lewiston, Me. ; 2. Jane Louisa, dau. of
Nathan B. and Jane (Lorhner) Graham; d.
1828, Apr. 21, in Mexico.
159
484. Grizzel Flagg, b. 1784, Feb. 3 ; m. 1808, Capt.
Harvey Casey of Pasquotauk Co., N. C ; d. 1808,
three mouths after marriage.
485. Esther, b. 1785, Oct. 3; m. 1806, Jan. 7, Henry
W. Fuller; d. 1866, July 26.
486. Benjamin Apthorp, b. 1787, June 15 ; m. 1823,
Dec. 2, LucretiaD. Goddard ; d. 1859, Oct. 24.
487. Hannah Flagg, b. 1789, Sept. 3 ; d. 1865, Sept.
5 ; unmarried.
488. Rebecca, Sarah, and Mary, b. 1790; d. in infancy.
489. Elizabeth, b. 1791, July 17; m. 1819, June 19,
Antonio Rapallo of New York.
490. Gershom Flagg, b. 1793 ; d. 1840, Jan. 17 ; un-
married.
214
ESTHER 5 , dau. of Dea. John Gould of Topsfield, m.
1784, March 4, Robert PERKINS [b. 1760, May
29], sou of Robert [b. 1728, Jan. 16; d. 1801,
Nov. 10] and Hannah Perkins [d. 1802, July
22]. Children :-
491. Benjamin, b. 1786, March 13; d. 1858, April 3;
m. Rebecca H. Ashby of Salem [d. 1863, Jan.
27]. Six children, Beuj. F., b. ab. 1811,
lives in Beverly; Rebecca P., b. 1814; Lucy
Ann ; Elizabeth ; Augustus, a physician in Bos-
ton ; Henry of Danvers.
492. Amos, b. 1788, April 2; d. 1851, Sept. 8; m.
1810, April 15, Betsey Brown of Boxford. Ten
children : Amos, b. 1811, Jan. 12 ; Samuel B.,
b. 1812, Nov. 20; d. 1818, Dec. 30; Betsey, b.
1815, Jan. 7 ; Robert S., b. 1817, Feb. 5 ; Olive
B., b. 1819, Mar. 4; d. 1862, Mar. 22; Sophia
C., b. 1821, Mar. 15 ; Samuel B., b. 1823, Aug.
8; Emily A., b. 1826, Feb. 10; d. 1846, Nov.
160
26 ; William P., b. 1828, Mar. 24 ; d. 1859, Nov.
17 ; Esther J., b. 1832, July 28 ; d. 1854, Aug. 11.
493. Esther, b. 1790, Jan. 12 ; d. 1842, Aug. 11 , m.
1807, July 23, John P. Peabody [d. 1846, Nov.
5]. Eight children: Hannah, b. 1807, Nov.
16; Cyrus, b. 1810, March 16; d. 1814, Sept.
14; Esther, b. 1812, Sept. 12; Harriet N., b.
1816, April 23; Mary P., b. 1818, Sept. 26;
Mehitable, b. 1821, Oct. 23; d. 1869, May 24;
Lydia P., b. 1825, Aug. 24; d. 1852, Dec. 29;
Sarah B.., b. 1829, March 19.
494. Robert, b. 1792, Feb. 16; d. 1814, Oct. 9.
495. Nehemiah, b. 1794, April 1 ; m. 1817, Lydia Brad-
street [d. 1867, Sept. 12]. Ten children :-
Lydia B., b. 1817, April 5; Nehemiah, b. 1820,
Nov. 8; Phebe W., b. 1822, Oct. 21 ; Benjamin
A., b. 1824, June 12; Moses B., b. 1826, June
17; Ruth L., b. 1828, Jan. 1; d. 1830, Sept.
12; Ruth E. G., b. 1831, July 29; Albert C.,
b. 1833, Dec. 18; Eliza B., b. 1835, June 8;
John W., b. 1841, Aug. 21.
496. Betsey, b. 1798, Jan. 8; d. 1814, July 18.
216
EuEZER 5 GOULD, son of Eliezer 4 , m. 1761, Jan. 6,
Sarah Bigelow [b. 1741, July 14; d. 1819, Apr.
5] ; lived in Douglass, Mass. Children :
497. Betty, b. 1761, June 25 ; m. 1786, Jan. 19, Simeon
Chamberlin [b. 1762, March 6].
498. ethiah,\).17()'6, Aug. 5; d. 1792, Dec. 24; m.
1782, Feb. 21, Richard Lee.
499. Jedediah, b. 1765, May 19; d. 1825, Nov. 6; m.
1. 1782, Sept. 22, Hannah Stearns; 2. 1815,
July 23, Ada Barnes.
161
500. Hannah, b. 1767, June 4; d. 1781, June 7.
501. Ezra, b. 1769, Aug. 17; d. 1770, Feb. 16.
502. Abigail, b. 1771, May 10; m. 1795, Feb. 19,
Ebenezer Cook.
503. Tamazin, b. 1774, Feb. 17 ; m. 1794, Nov. 23,
Henry Blackmer; d. 1804, Apr. 8.
504. Sarah, b. 1776, Apr. 19 ; d. 1778, Feb. 24.
505. Eliezer,b. 1779, Mar. ia; m. 1. Eunice Smith;
2. 1804, July 29, Comfort Darling; d. 1844,
July.
506. Jason, b. 1782, Nov. 13 ; m. 1806, Nov. 13, Hul-
dah Cummings ; d. 1826, Aug. 6.
507. Daniel, b. 1785, Feb. 15 ; m. 1808, Jan. 13, Han-
nah Houghton ; d. 1842, Aug.
219
ZACCHEUS 5 GOULD of Topsfield, son of Eliezer 4 , m.
1778, Sept. 29, Anne Brown of Boxford, dau. of
John Brown and Hobbs [dau. of Hum-
phrey and Anna Hobbs] . Children :
508. Rebecca, b. 1780, Nov. 28 ; m. 1804, Wm. Hub-
bard of Topsfield; d. 1818, Mar. 15.
509. Anna, b. 1783, Feb. 20 ; m. 1800, Feb. 27, Euos
Lake ; d. 1845, Oct. 1.
510. Elizabeth, b. 1785, Mar. 17; m. 1. 1804, Mar. 15,
Daniel Boardman; 2. 1823, May, Artemas W.
Perley ; d. 1827, Sept.
511. Huldah, b. 1787, Nov. 6; in. 1833, Feb. 28, Arte-
mas W. Perley [d. 1862, Jan. 6]. They had no
children.
512. Zaccheus, b. 1790, Jan. 19 ; m. 1812, Nov. 2, Anne
Hood.
513. Humphrey, bapt. 1792, Oct. 28 ; d. 1795, May 30.
514. John, b. 1795, Mar. 27 ; m. 1820, Polly Curtis.
11
162
515. Humphrey, b. 1797, July 3; m. 1827, Juno 11,
Electa Hay nes.
516. Eliezer, b. 1799, Aug. 21 ; m. Abigail Brown.
517. Eunice, b. 1801, Oct. 26; unmarried; d. 1820,
Dec. 1.
220
JOHN 5 GOULD, of Topsfield, son of Eliezer 4 , m.
1772-3, Dec. 3, Jane Palmer; moved from Doug-
las, Mass., to Wardsboro, Vermont, about 1794.
Children :
518. Enos, in. Betsey Johnson; d. in Dover, Vt., of
consumption, and left one child, Betsey, who was
b. in 1801 ; m. Joseph Howe, and d. 1830, Sept.
519. Huldah, m. , in Ohio.
520. John, in. Polly Stearns, went first to Sullivan, Lor-
raine Co., N. Y., afterwards to Ohio, where he
died at an advanced age.
521. Aholiab, m. Jane Sears.
522. /Silas, m. Betsey Johnson, widow of his brother
Enos (No. 518) ; d. 1845, Oct. 21.
523. Amos, m. Polly Johnson.
524. Timothy, m. ; went to Michigan ; not living
in 1860.
525. Lois, in. Sylvanus Parmelee and went to Ohio.
227
EBENEZER & GOULD, son of Eliezer 4 , m. Anna Cook,
of Gloucester (now Burrillville) , E. I. He died
in 1809, and she married, 2. Rev. Wm. Batchel-
ler; and died in 1844, ret. 83. She was sister of
Ebenezer Cook, who married Abigail 6 Gould (No.
502) dau. of Eliezer 5 (No. 217). Children:
Mary, b. 1785, Dec. 18; d. 1805.
Benjamin, b. 1787, Aug. 11; m. Olive Jepherson ;
d. 1849.
163
528. David, b. 1789, June 5 ; m. Maiy Pidge ; d. 1844.
529. Sally, b. 1791, Nov. 22 ; m. Amos Cragin Aldrich.
530. Nancy, b. 1794, Apr. 3; m. Richard Robinson.
531. Bathsheba, b. 1796, July 3 ; m. Parris Hall.
532. Comfort, b. 1798, Aug. 22; m. 1821, April 1,
Charlotte Carpenter.
533. John, b. 1800, Nov. 29 ; m. 1. Ann Eliza Whit-
ing ; 2. Susan Pierce ; d. 1844.
534. Susan, b. 1803, Feb. 16; m. 1. Nath'l Carpenter ;
2. Samuel Williams, Jr.
535. Amos Cook, b. 1804, Sept. 17 ; m. Polly Read.
536. Ebenezer, b. 1807, Sept. 27 ; m. Ruth H. Bishop,
1827, Oct. 1.
537. William, b. 1809, Aug. 17 ; m. 1834, Dec. 4, Mary
A. Durfee.
(E.) TRIBE OF JOSEPH.
231
DANIEL 5 GOULD, son of Joseph 4 , m. 1778, Jan. 31,
Sarah [b. 1755; d. 1831, Dec. 3], dau. of John
and Elizabeth (Fisk) Bradstreet; Children:
538. Huldah, b. 1778, Sept. 9 ; m. 1799, Nov. 28, Sam-
uel Peabody.
539. Sally, b. 1780. Aug. 25 : m. Caleb Warner of
Salem ; she was his third wife.
540. Betsey, b. 1782, May 10; in. 1806, Jan. 21, Ezra
Smith of Beverly.
541. Kitty Mehitable, b. 1785, Apr. 15; in. 1832, Rev.
Abijah Blanchard.
542. Priscilla,\>. 1790; died young.
543. Asenath, b. 1792 ; m. 1. Israel Perley, who died at
Harmony Grove ; 2. John Perley, of Salem ; d.
1854.
164
544. Emerson, b. 1794, Nov. 25 ; went to North Caro-
lina ( ? about 1820) .
545. Priscilla, b. in Bradford; m. 1823, Nov. 13,
Joseph G. Sprague, of Salem.
546. Daniel, b. 1798, July 23 ; m. Lydia Batchelder, of
Boxford.
235
EMERSON 5 GOULD, son of Joseph 4 , m. Sarah ,
who afterwards married James Covell. They
had one child.
547. Sally.
236
JOHN 5 GOULD, of Topsfield, son of Joseph 4 , m. 1.
1788, Jan. 8, Sarah Lamson [d. 1791, Jan. 1],
2. 1795, Betsey Stephens, of Boxford ; 3.
Clark. He lived in Springfield, Mass., and had
by his first wife one child :
548. David, bapt. 1791, Mar. 27 ; d. 1792, May 4.
237
CoRNELius 5 GOULD, sou of Joseph 4 , m. 1. Phebe
Porter, dau. of Joseph Porter and sister of Ruth,
wife of his brother Joseph (No. 240) ; 2. Lydia
Jenkins of Andover, in 1812. Children by his
first wife, Phebe :
549. Clarissa, b. 1791, June 10; m. 1818, Joseph E.
Holt.
550. Betsey, b. 1792, Dec. 11 ; m. 1817, May 25, Oli-
ver Killam.
551. Phebe, b. 1797, Jan. 23; m. 1819, Apr. 10, Isaac
M. Tucker of Worcester.
552. Joseph Porter,}). 1799, Apr. 10; m. 1826, Lucy
M., dau. of Oliver P. Peabody, of Boxford.
553. Fanny, b. 1801, Sept. 8; m. Abijah Flint.
165
By his second wife, Lydia :
554. Barzillai, b. 1814, Dec. 14; m. Ruth Averill of
Middleton; d. 1848, Oct. 24.
555. Henry Augustus, b. 1816, Mar. 4 ; m. Sarah Batch-
elder, 1837, Mar. 30.
556. Emerson, b. 1818, J?n. 14 ; m. Harriet Batchelder ;
(d. 1849?).
260
JOSEPH 5 GOULD, son of Joseph 4 , m. 1794, Apr. 7,
Ruth, dau. of Jonathan Porter of Danvers. She
died 1820, Apr. 10 ; and he m. 2. 1825, Jan. 16,
Catherine B., dau. of Edmund Parker. Chil-
by his first wife, Ruth ;
557. Harriet, b. 1795, June 21 ; m. 1. 1818, Nov. 4,
John 6 Gould (No. 481) ; 2. Smith of Byfield.
558. Betsey, b. 1797, Mar. 15; d. 1798, Feb. 21.
559. Betsey, b. 1799, Mar. 5; d. 1799, Mar. 17.
560. Joseph, b. 1800, Dec. 29 ; d. 1802, Oct.
561. Ruth, b. 1803, Aug. 20; m. John Merrill of Box-
ford.
562. Joseph, b. 1805, Dec. 5: m. 1834, Dec. 24, Olive
Sanborn.
563. Elizabeth Maria, b. 1808, Feb. 14; m. Samuel
Adams of Georgetown.
564. Lydia T., b. 1810, Mar. 7 ; m. 1. E. How; 2.
Andrews 6 Gould (No. 352).
565. Emerson P., b, 1812, Mar. 9; unmarried in 1860.
566. Jonathan Porter, b. 1814, Dec. 30 ; m. Mary Emily
Mundy; d. 1860.
567. Angeline H., b. 1818, Mar. 18; d. 1832, Feb. 11.
568. Ariel H., b. 1818, Mar. 18; m. Augusta Mundy,
ab. 1845.
569. Ruth, bapt. 1823, July 13.
160
SIXTH GENERATION.
(A, ) TRIBE OF JOHN 3 .
245
STEPHEN 6 GOULD, of Mt. Yernon, N. H., son of
Stephen 5 , m. Lyclia, dau. of Timothy Fuller of
Middleton. She died about 1810. Children :
570. Elijah, b. 1780, May 13 ; m. 1823, Sept. 18, Han-
nah Chapman.
571. Stephen, b. ab. 1782; m. Polly Melody of Am-
herst, N. H.
572. Abner, m. Almira Codman.
573. Timothy, b. 1789, May 2 ; m. 1815, Clarissa Brad-
ford.
574. Thaddeus, b. 1793, m. Mary Ann Hichborn ; d.
1840.
575. Lydia, m. Aaron Smith.
576. Jonathan, in. Sabra Booth.
248
JACOB 6 GOULD, of Hillsboro, N. H., son of Stephen 5 ,
m. 1783, Jan. 13, Susanna 6 Gould (No. 256),
dau. of Jacob 5 (No. 116). Children:
577. Denison, m. Rachel Averill.
578. Fanny, b. 1784, Sept. 21; unmarried; d. about
1819.
257
JACOB 6 GOULD, of Middleton, son of Jacob 5 , m.
1790, May 25, Ruth [b. 1769, Dec. 14], dau. of
Bemsley Peabody. Children :
579. MehitaUe, b. 1791, Mar. 19; m. 1810, Samuel
Bradstreet; had a large family of children.
167
580. Jacob, b. 1794, Feb. 10; m. 1. 1816, Ruby Swan;
2. 1841, Sarah T. Seward : d. 1867, Nov. 18.
581. Samuel Peabody, b. 1797, Dec. 21 ; died in in-
fancy.
582. Samuel Peabody, b. 1801, May 22 ; lives near Roch-
ester, N. Y.
583. George, b. 1803, Aug. 23 ; lives in Rochester.
584. Huldah, b. 1806, Aug. 15; m. 1828, Apr. 1,
Moses Dorman, Jr. ; d. 1839, Feb. 3.
262
JOHN 6 GOULD, of Boxford, son of Jacob 5 , m. 1799,
June 29, Polly Prince, of Boxford [b. 1774, Jan.
18; d. 1847, Aug. 29], dau. of Asa and Molly
Prince. Children :
585. Mary, b. 1799, Sept. 23; m. Porter Cheever of
Danvers.
586. Olive, b. 1801, Nov. 21 ; unmarried.
587. Eliza, b. 1804, June 10 ; m. 1840, Nov. 29, Charles
H. Lane.
588. Hiram, b. 1807, Apr. 5; had one son, John [b.
1834, July 12] ; d. 1852, Oct. 25.
270
JosHUA 6 GOULD, of Orleans, son of Nathaniel 5 , m.
1770, Mrs. Mary Kurd. Children :-
589. Rebecca, b. 1772 ; m. 1795, Timothy Bascom.
590. Josiah, b. 1774; m. 1796, Tamsen Higgins.
591. Joshua, b. 1776. 592. Jonathan, b. 1779.
593. Nathaniel, b. 1782; m. 1806, Hannah Knowles ;
d. 1843 or 1844.
594. Thomas, b. 1784 ; m. 1810, Thankful Kurd.
595. Molly, b. 1787 ; ni. 1809, John Young.
596. Benjamin, b. 1790; (no children).
168
272
JOHN 6 GOULD, of Orleans, son of John 5 , m. 1766,
Jan. 23, Apphia Cole. Children :
597. John, m. 1797, Feb. 16, Joanna Higgins ; d. 1846.
598. Sarah, b. 1768, Nov. 3 ; m. Gould Linnell.
599. Abigail, b. 1770, Oct. 20; m. Elkanah Linnell.
600. Apphia, b. 1772, Oct. 29 ; m. 1795, Joseph At-
kins.
601. Patty, b. 1791 ; m. 1809, Hiram Baker.
602. Elizabeth, m. 1804, Dec. 28, David Harding.
273
TiiOMAS 6 GOULD, of Eastham, son of John 5 , m. 1762,
Nov. 11, Phebe Cole; he was lost at sea, and
she married 2. 1791, James Young. Children :
603. Mary, b. 1764. 604. Thomas, b.l 7 65.
605. Ruth, b. 1767 ; m. 1784, Warren A. Kenrick.
606. Paine, b. 1770; m. 1789, Cynthia Kenrick of
Eastham.
607. Nathaniel, b. 1773; m. 1. ; 2. Ruth, wid. of
Smith ; d. 1855, Dec. 5.
608. James, b. 1774; in. 1793, Mar. 10th, Rebecca
Crosby.
609. Phebe, b. 1776 ; m. Benjamin Hurd.
610. Solomon, b. 1778 ; died a minor.
611. David, b. 1780.
274
RiCHARD 6 GOULD, of Chatham, son of John 5 , ni.
1765, Sept. 12, Martha Bearse of Chatham.
Children :
612. Josiah, b. 1766, July 26; m. 1. Azubah ; 2.
Sally .
169
613. Jane, b. 1768, July 27 ; m. Ebenezer Bangs.
614. Martha, b. 1770, Oct. 26 ; m. Nathaniel Smith.
615. Ruth, b. 1773, Feb. 4; m. 1. Wm. Patterson; 2.
Henry Mallow.
616. Mary, b. 1775, May 16; in. Paul Hamilton.
617. . Richard, b. 1777, April 18 ; m. Patty Elclridge.
618. David, b. 1779, April 19 ; m. Hannah .
619. Abigail, b. 1781, July 4 ; m. Edward Boardmau of
Nantucket.
620. Hannah, b. 1784, June 12; m. Benjamin Heud-
renk.
280
SAMUEL 6 LAMSON GOULD, son of Samuel 5 , m. 1807,
Mar. 19, Mary Long. Children:
621. Samuel Long, b. 1809, Mar. 26; m. Ann Poor of
Andover.
622. Ansel, b. 1811, Feb. 7; m. Matilda Radcliffe of
Andover, who d. 1859, July 3.
623. Charles, b. 1815, Apr. 15; m. Elizabeth 7 A.
Gould (No. 650), dau. of John 6 (No. 313).
282
JosiAH 6 GOULD, son of Samuel 5 , m. 1816, Betsey 6
Gould (No. 482) [b. 1799, Jan. 5], dau. of Dea.
John 5 (No. 212) and Ruth (Perkins) Gould.
Children :
624. Josiah Lamson, b. 1817, Oct. 20; m. 1849, Apr.
5, Mary Ann Small.
625. Daniel, b. 1820, June 12; m. 1. 1844, Nov. 20-24,
Mary Ann Sears ; 2. 1852, Apr. 30, Hannah G.
Dodge; 3. Lydia Ridley.
626. Abigail Lamson, b. 1822, Nov. 30 ; m. 1844, Oct.
29, Charles A. Elliot.
170
627. Mary Jane, b. 1824, Dec. 30; m. 1841, April 18,
Elisha A. Hood.
628. John, b. 1826, Dec. 5 ; ra. Mary A. Hutchinson.
629. Elizabeth, b. 1828, Nov. 12; m. Henry Long.
630. Lucy Ann, b. 1831, March 16.
631. Ellen Mehitable,\>. 1833, June 9; m. 1853, .May
19, Elijah Bradstreet.
632. Esther Maria, b. 1837, Jan. 30.
289
MOSES G GOULD, son of Moses 5 , m. Lydia Abbot
Russell. Children :
633. Melpomene. 634. Lydia Anna Faulkner.
635. Marion.
307
NATHANIEL 6 GOULD of Middleton, son of Solomon 5
m. 1. Lydia Porter, sister of Ruth, who m.
Joseph 5 Gould (No. 240), and of Phebe, who m.
Cornelius 5 Gould (No. 237) ; 2. Betsey Porter,
sister of foregoing; 3. 1806, Apr. 23, widow
Salome Foster [d. 1852, July 20]. Children :-
636. Betsey Porter, b. 1796, Mar. 6 ; m. 1819, Mar. 27,
Amos Batchelder; d. 1851, Mar. 28.
637. Henry Laurence, b. 1798, Sept. 29 ; m. 1822, Apr.
11, Lydia How; d. 1865, Feb. 19.
638. Nathaniel, b. 1801, Feb. 1; d. 1805.
308
SOLOMON 6 GOULD of Salem, son of Solomon 5 , m.
Betsey Proctor of Marblehead ; was Capt. of the
Salem Artillery Company. Children :
639. William P., went South, and died in Alabama
about 1861.
640. d. young. 641. d. young.
642. d. young.
171
643. Solomon, m. Catherine Becket; lives in Charles-
town, Mass., and has one sou, William C. Gould.
644. Eliza, m. F. F. Tilden of Charlestown.
645. Martha, m. Hinchman.
646. John Norris, went South and died near Baton
Rouge, La., many years ago.
325
JOHN G GOULD, son of John 5 , m. 1809, Nov. 30, Mary
Averill, dau. of Elijah Averill. Children :
647. Mary Averill, b. 1810, Sept. 9 ; m. Joshua Wal-
lace of Beverly; d. 1843, March 7, at Wenhani.
648. Lucy Peabody, b. 1811, Nov. 1 ; m. Oren J. Stone
of S. Boston and Bangor; d. 1842, Feb. 11.
Five children ; two living.
649. Sarah Friend, b. 1813, Aug. 7 ; unmarried.
650. Elizabeth Averill, b. 1816, Dec. 6 ; m. 1837, Dec.
17, Charles 7 (No. 623), son of Samuel L. Gould
(No. 280).
651. John Averill, b. 1819, Mar. 6; m. Elizabeth C.
Leach of Manchester; does business in Boston,
lives in Chelsea and has five daughters and one
sou.
652. Adeline Wallace, b. 1832, Apr. 1 ; in. Samuel Pit-
man of Salem.
331
JACOB 6 WOOD GOULD, son of Amos 5 , m. 1818, Feb.
12, Maria Rew [b. 1795, June 14 and d. 1866,
Mar. 19] ; lived in Massena, N. Y. Children :-
653. Celestia, b. 1819, Dec. 17 ; d. 1840, Jan. 3.
654. William R.,\>. 1822, June 24; in. 1863, Apr.,
Adelaide Barnhart ; living in Massena, N. Y . , in
1869.
655. .Lydia M., b. 1824, Aug. 8; a teacher in Chicago.
172
656. John S., b. 1827, Aug. 6. m. 1854, Feb., Eunice
M. Caswell; living in Massena, N. Y., in 1869.
657. Elsie Hannah, b. 1831, Jan. 21 ; teacher in Chi-
cago.
332
BENNETT 6 GOULD, son of Amos 5 , m. 1833, Sarah
Marsh [d. 1865, Feb. 28, set. 60] ; lived in
Peacham, Vt. Children :
658. Emily, b. 1834, June 12; d. 1854, Apr. 3, at
Charleston, Kanawha, Va.
659. Leonard, b. 1836, Sept. 3 ; lives in Chicago.
660. Charles, b. 1838, June 19 ; lives in Colfax, Cali-
fornia.
661. Mary, b. 1840, Apr. 27.
662. Frank, b. 1841, Aug. 1; m. 1869, Jan. 14, Al-
mira Miller.
663. Albert, b. 1843, Nov. 23; d. 1861, Dec. 2, in the
army at Camp Vermont.
(B.) TRIBE OF THOMAS.
335
BENJAMIN 6 GOULD, son of Thomas 5 , m. 1785, Apr.
17, Eusebia Abbot [d. 1853] ; lived in Deering
and Hillsboro', N. H. Children :
664." Samuel, b. 1786, Jan. 3; m. 1807, Polly, dau. of
Bemsley Peabody.
665. Thomas, b. 1787, Dec. 10; unmarried; d. at Mil-
ford, N. H., about 1844.
666. Abbot, bapt. 1790, July 25 ; unmarried ; lived at
Topsfield with Elijah .Gould.
667. Eusebia, bapt. 1792, July 29; m. Culver, a
Methodist clergyman.
668. Ward, bapt. 1797, June 11.
173
669. Benjamin, m. Nancy Grimes, and had a large fam-
iiy.
670. Duslin, married and lived in Palmyra, Me.
671. Ezra, died in early manhood.
672. Ebenezer, d. set. 19.
673. 'Nancy, m. Ellenwood ; living, 1860, in Deer-
ing, N. H.
674. Sumner, m. 1824, Jan., Sarah Johouuot; d. about
1848 ; they had three children. Thomas and
James live in Beverly, and one daughter died.
338
THOMAS 6 GOULD, son of Thomas, b. 1769, in Box-
ford ; married in Salem ; d. at Southfield, Mass.,
about 1794. Children :
675. George. 676. Mary.
342
ANDREW 6 GOULD, son of Thomas 5 , m. 1799, Aug.
18, Parnelia Kinney of Middleton [b. 1781, July
1, and d. 1865, Mar. 8, at Topsfield]. Chil-
dren :
677. Anna Perkins, b. 1800, Oct. 18 ; m. Samuel Clark.
678. Hannah Averill, b. 1802, May 10 ; d. 1804, Nov.
21.
679. Abigail Johnson, b. 1803, Sept. 17 ; m. Henry
Thompson.
680. Andrew, b. 1806, Dec. 11; m.' 1829, Feb. 24,
Mary P. Lake.
681. Lucy Putnam, b. 1808, Dec. 6; m. 1830, Nov.
24, David Lake; d. 1831, Sept. 9; one son in
Peabody, David G. Lake.
682. Hannah Averill, b-. 1810, Oct. 9; m. 1832, Dec.
20, Eliezer Lake, Jr.
174
683. Betsey Kenney, b. 1813, Oct. 20; m. Isaiah M
Small ; three children in Lynn.
346
ALLEN G GOULD, son of Nathaniel 5 , m. 1. 1807, Dec.
25, Else/ Gould (No. 327) ; 2. Martha Drowne,
of Hamilton; 3. Mary Ann Potter of Danvers
[b. in 1806]. Children by his first wife, El-
sey :
684. Allen, b. 1811, June 8; d. 1812, Feb. 22.
685. Allen, b. 1813, Sept. 24; d. 1813, Dec. 8.
686. Allen, b. 182*2, Nov. 14; m. Juliana Goodell [b.
1836, and d. 1860, Jan. 1].
By his second and third wives :
687. Charles //., b. 1825, Jan. 18; d. 1851, Aug. 22.
688. Nathaniel, b. 1831, Apr. 22; m. 1852, Rachel H.
Peabody of Boxford [b. in 1831].
689. Wm. Cleveland, b. 1833, May 12; m. 1854, Susan
M. Goodale [b. 1837].
690. Catharine, b. 1836, Dec. 5.
691. Alanson, b. 1838, Oct. 3.
692. Mary Ann, b. 1841, Jan. 24.
693. William H., b. 1843, May 8.
347
ANDREW G GOULD, of Danvers, son of Nathaniel 5 , m.
1816, Nov. 15, Emily Webb [b. 1795, Jan. 5].
Children :
694. Emily Augusta, b. 1817, Oct. 15.
695. George Webb, b. 1823, Jan. 28.
696. Sarah Ann Brown, b. 1830, Jai? 18; d. 1835,
Mar. 15.
175
352
ANDREWS 6 GOULD, son of Nathaniel 5 , m. 1. 1821,
Sept. 21, Rebecca [d. 1854, Jan. 1], sister of
Nathaniel Putnam, of Danvers ; 2. 1855, Mar.
19, Lydia T G , (No. 564) dau. of Joseph Gould
(No. 240) and \vid. of E. How. Children by
first wife, Rebecca :
G97. Eebecca Ophelia, b. 1822, Feb. 3 ; m. Dalton.
698. Mary Elizabeth, b. 1823, Nov. 21 ; m. 1840, Dec.
24, Dan'l H. Townsend. Neither was living in
1860.
699. Nathaniel Andrews, b. 1826, Dec. ; d. 1827, Oct.
353
FRANCIS 6 GOULD, of Boxford and Topsfield, son of
Nathaniel 5 , m. 1. Irene Perley [d. 1837, July
28] ; 2. 1840, June 30, Catherine B. [d. 1848,
Nov. 12], dau. of Edmund Parker and wid. of
Joseph 5 Gould (No. 240) ; 3. Eliza, wid. of Cyrus
Dudley. Children by his first wife, Irene :
700. Nathaniel Franklin, married and lived in Danvers ;
d. 1857.
701. Irene, m. 1850, June 12, Allen G. Hood of Box-
ford.
702. Jesse P., unmarried. 703. Catherine.
By his third wife, Eliza :
704. Thonms. 705. Esther. 706. (son).
358
LEMUEL 6 HOLT GOULD, son of Nathaniel 5 , m. 1830,
Jan. 23, Sally M. Munday. Children :-
707. Mary Ann, b. 183, Dec. 8.
708. Ellen Edna, b. 1842, Nov. 5; d. 1845, Mar. 6.
176
375
SAMSON 6 GOULD, son of Elijah 5 , m. 1795, Nov. 22, his
cousin Betsey [Elizabeth 6 ] Gould (No. 384) [b.
1772, and d. 1846, in Boston], dan. of Thomas
and Elizabeth (Willard) Gould. Children :
709. Christiana, b. 1796, Feb. 19 ; m. 1815, Apr. 9,
Ephraim Bailey, living in Medford in 1869 ; had
ten children.
710. Henrietta, b. 1797, Sept. 4; m. Cassius Clapp of
Charlestown ; d. in Charlestown, in 1837.
711. Lucinda, b. 1799, July 17; m. 1819, June 20,
Joseph Harley, of Charlestown [b. 1794, Dec.
21, at Boston] ; had six children and sixteen
grandchildren.
712. James Austin, b. 1802, June 1 ; m. 1. 1823, Dec.
11, Mrs. Sarah Barry [d. 1826, Mar. 5] ; 2.
Lucinda A. Messenger; d. 1837, Aug., in
Charlestown.
713. Thomas, b. 1804, Feb. 10; unmarried; lives at
Lunenburg, Mass.
714. Eliza Ann, b. 1806, Aug. 20; m. Robert Kimball
of Shirley ; no children.
715. Sophronia, b. 1809, June 20; m. Stearns Dauforth
of Woburn ; had three sons ; d. 1843, at Woburn.
716. Eusebia, b. 1812, Sept. 28 ; m. 1865, June 28,
Arad H. Wood of Pepperell [b. at N. Bridge-
water, in 1806], sou of Ziba and Abigail (Shaw)
Wood.
378
EUNICE 6 , dan. of Elijah 5 Gould, m. 1793, March 19,
Elisha PARKER, Jr. [b. at Lunenburg, 1773, April
30; d. 1813, Feb. 12] son of Elisha and Mehit-
able (Hartshorn) Parker. Children :
177
717. Betty, b. 1793, Aug. 31 ; m. 1815, Nov. 16, Joel
Stearns of Lexington; d. 1863, Dec. 11.
718. John, b. 1795, March 13; m. Mary Mann; d. in
Philadelphia, 1835.
719. Elisha, b. 1797, March 21 ; d. 1850, June 3 ; unm.
720. Simeon, b. 1799, March 28 ; d. iu Lexington,
Mass. ; unmarried.
721. Levi, b. 1801, June 9; m. and d. in New York
City.
722. Luther, b. 1-803, March 23 ; m. Harriet Goodrich
of Fitchburg; d. 1863, Dec. 9.
723. Swan, b. 1805, March 27 ; m. Seth Bennett of
Cambridge.
724. Harriet, b. 1807, Apr. 12 ; m. Lemuel E. Hodg-
kins of Waltham ; d. 1857.
725. Jonas, b. 1810, June 25 ; m. Delia Wentworth of
Great Falls, N. H.
726. Abigail, b. 1812, May 31 ; m. 1844, Varnum Whit-
ney of Shirley.
301
MosES 6 Gould of Danvers, son of Simon 5 , m. 1818,
Feb. 23, Mehitable Upton of Danvers [b. 1794,
Mar. 12, at Reading; d. 1839, Apr. 8]. Chil-
dren :
727. Mary Ann, b. 1818, Sept. 10.
728. Charles Henry, b. 1820, Nov. 9 ; m. Caroline Tap-
ley.
729. Caroline Elizabeth, b. 1823, Mar. 15.
730. Augustus White, b. 1829, July 1 ; d. 1844.
413
ISAAC GOULD, son of Samuel 5 , m. 1780, Olive
Thayer; he was Captain in the Revolutionary
12
178
War, moved in 1816 from Heath to Otsego, N.
Y., and died in Eden, N. Y., near Buffalo, in
1844. Children :
731. Beulah, b. 1782, Apr. 7; m. Wm. Elderkin of
Otsego.
732. Betsey, b. 1784, Jan. 12 ; m. 1806, Apr. 10, Abel
' Knight of Brookfield.
733. Mecta, b. 1786, Jan. 2; m. Harris Dieterich; liv-
ing at Cold Water, Mich., in 1869.
734. Lucius, b. 1787, Dec. 12 ; m. 1620, Jan. 6, Mary
Ann Dow ; d. 1832, Aug. 4.
735. Belinda, b. 1791, Feb. 22 ; m. 1. Elisha Tarbox
and had one child, Lorenzo D. Gould; 2. 1816,
Wm. Clark of Buffalo.
736. Olive, b. 1793, Apr. 28 ; m. Barnard Newell of
Springfield, Penn.
737. Harriet, b. 1795, July 22 ; m. David Wentworth
of Richfield, N. Y. ; d. 1862, Feb. 22.
738. Amelia, b. 1795, July 22 ; d. 1816.
739. Isaac, b. 1797, Sept. 11; m. Betsey Chapin of
Buffalo, drowned in Canal at Buffalo, 1832, Oct.
No children.
740. Ruel,l>. 1802, Dec. 15; m. 1. Levira Peak; 2.
ElmiraPeak; d. 1855.
416
Eu 6 GOULD, of Heath, son of Samuel 5 , m. 1790,
Mar. 3, Bernice Johnson [b. at Westford, 1768,
Aug. 27] . They resided mostly at North Adams ;
he was, when very young, a revolutionary sol-
dier. Children :
741.. Samuel, b. 1790, Oct. 5; m. 1. Patience Wilbur;
2. Lavinia (Sanford) wid. of Cheney ; d.
1859, June 13.
742. Wittard, b. 1792, Aug. 20; m. 1. Hannah Pike;
2. Louisa Boyden.
743. Arethusa, b. 1794, Oct. 11 ; m. 1822, John Taft.
744. David, b. 1797, Feb. 20; m. Sally Green.
745. Daniel, b. 1800, Aug. 18 ; m. Patience McKnight ;
d. 1843, Mar. 8.
746. Sally, b. 1802, Aug. 29; m. 1829, John Upton;
d. 1833, in Michigan.
747. Nancy, b. 1802, Aug. 29; m. 1831, Apr. 28, Levi
Gates.
748. Stillman, b. 1804, Sept. 1 ; m. 1834, Nov. 6, Maria
Smith; d. 1845, Jan. 5.
749. Eli, b. 1807, Nov. 8 ; m. Tirza Smith.
750. Elizabeth, b. 1809, July 8; m. Leander Legg; no
children; d. at Heath. . -
751. Almira, b. 1812, Aug. 11; unmarried; d. 1.836,
May 25.
418
AARON 6 GOULD, son of Jeremiah 5 , m. 1781, May 29,
Lydia Gray; moved to Virginia in 1808, with
part of his family, the rest following soon after ;
was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church of
French Creek, Upshur Co., W. Va. Children :
752. Samuel, b. 1782, Mar. 6; m. Esther Parker; d.
1827, Apr. 11.
753. James, b. 1783, Nov. 16; m. Ehoda Thayer; d. in
Ohio.
754. Hannah, b. 1785, Dec. 18; m. in Virginia, Joshua
Morgan, who came from Connecticut; d. 1866,
June 5.
755. Daniel, b. 1788, Jan. 4 ; m. Peggy Strange ; d.
1825, July 25.
756. Ebenezer, b. 1789, Nov. 4; m. Elizabeth Weeks;
d. 1845, Nov. 21.
180
757. Aaron, b. 1792, Feb. 25 ; d. 1864, May 5 ; m. 1.
Nice Vincent; 2. Esther Gould (No.. 770); 3.
Calista Bartlett.
758. Lydia, b. 1794, Feb. 13 ; m. Wm. Davis of French
Creek; moved to Illinois; d. 1859, Jan. 4.
759. Isabella, b. 1796, Jan. 2 ; m. George Bush of
French Creek; moved to Illinois; d. 1842, Oct.
24.
760. David, b. 1798, Apr. 4; d. in infancy.
761. Mehitable, b. 1799, Sept. 28 ; m. 1817, Aug. 24,
Wm. Phillips, and had six sons in the Union
Army, one killed, one missing, one severely
wounded ; living in 1870.
762. Sally, b. 1802, Apr. 24; m. Ezra Ward; d. 1849,
Aug. 5, in Illinois.
763. Nancy, b. -1804, June 10; m. Oliver Howes; liv-
ing near Clayton, Adams Co., Illinois, in 1869.
764. David, b. 1807, Nov. 29 ; d. 1808, Oct.
425
BENJAMIN 6 GOULD, son of Nathan 5 , m. Lydia Aid en
[b. 1766, Feb. 15, and d. 1829, Feb. 11]. He
moved, in 1808, to Ohio. Children :
765. William, b. 1792, Apr. ; d. 1792, Apr. 9.
766. Matilda, bapt. 1793, June 10 ; d. 1806, Apr. 22.
767. Mary A., m. Phineas C. Keyes, of Morgan Co.,
Ohio; d. 1856, May 2.
768. Philomela, bapt. 1796, July 24; d. 1851, Aug.
769. Jonathan, bapt. 1798, Jan. 28; d. 1802, Nov. 17.
770. Esther, b. ab. 1800; d. 1839, June; m. Aaron 7
Gould (No. 757).
771. Delia, b. ab. 1802; d. 1829, Sept. 18.
772. Joseph Dennis, b. 1804, Jan. 9 ; graduated at Lane
Seminary, Cincinnati; d. 1831, Apr. 29.
181
773. Ephraim, b. 1805, Dec. 2 ; m. 1830, Mar. 30, Lois
Porter.
774. Daniel, b. 1807, Oct. 25; m. 1. 1831, Apr. 5,
Annie L. Sharp; 2. 1851, Mrs. Jane Hartford;
d. 1851, Aug. 11.
775. Elizabeth G., b. 18lO, Mar. 10; m. Timothy East-
man, of Marion, Linn. Co., Iowa.
427
LYDIA" dan. of Nathan 5 Gould, in. Robert YOUNG
[b. 1769, Jan. 3]. They went to Virginia in
1811. Children:
776. Pascal Paoli, b. 1794, Oct. 18 ; m. Cynthia Phil-
lips, 1817 ; d. 1852, January 19.
777. Anne, b. 1796, June 3; m. Augustus W. Sexton,
1820, Mar. 23. They lived together fifty years.
He died fifteen days after their golden wedding.
778. Anson, b. 1798, July 6; m. 1. Ruhawah Barrett,
1822, Mar. 14 ; 2. Mrs. Anna Brahe, 1832, Oct. 14.
779. Gilbert, b. 1800, Aug. 12 ; m. Amaryllis Barrett,
1825, Apr. 21.
780. Festus, b. 1803, Mar. 28; m. 1. Lovina Phillips,
1826, July 20 ; 2. Rachel Graham, 1837, Feb. 21 ;
3. Mrs. Nancy Reed, 1867, Jan. 9.
781. Loyal, b. 1806, July 1 ; m. Margaret Porter John-
ston, 1832, Oct. 25. He was doctor of divinity
and minister of the Presbyterian church in French
Creek, Upshur Co., W. V.
782. Louisa, b. 1810, Mar. 26 ; m. James McAvoy,
1831, July 21.
783. Mehitable Sophronia, b. 1812, Nov. 17 ; m. Edwin
Phillips, 1830, Apr. 22.
784. Freeman Fairfield, b. 1815, Feb. 28; d. 1827,
Au<r. 26.
182
428
NATHAN 6 GOULD, son of Nathan 5 , in. 1. Esther
Alden [d. 1826], a sister of Barnabas Alden
(No. 424) ; 2. Cemantha (Phillips), wid. of
Martin Burr of W. Va. He went to Virginia in
1816 with his father, his brothers having pre-
ceded him ; thence to Albion, 111. Children by
his first wife, Esther :
785. Martha, b. 1802, July 24; m. 1824, Jan. 27,
Cyrus Rice.
786. Elizabeth b. 1804, Dec. 10 ; m. Rev. Butler
and moved to Minnesota.
787. Joel, b. 1806, Nov. 17 ; moved to Minnesota.
788. Julia, b. 1808, Dec. 31.
789. Freeman, b. 1810, Apr. 4 ; m. Dorcas Ward.
790. Nathan, b. 1813, Aug. 24 ; m. Taylor, of
Hawley; d. 1868, Aug. 17.
791. Gilbert, b. 1815, Oct. 20 ; d. net. 5 yrs.
429
GILBERT 6 GOULD, son of Nathan 5 , m. 1803, Mehit-
able Taylor [b. 1780, June 1, and d. 1858, Mar.
16]. He was living, in 1872, at French Creek,
TJpshur Co., W. Va., having moved from Charle-
mont in 1811. The whole family were loyal to
their country throughout the rebellion, though
bitterly persecuted. None ever owned a slave.
Children :
792. Eliza, b. 1803, Oct. 31 ; d. 1840, July 31.
793. Chandler, b. 1805, July 25 ; d. 1829, Sept. 20.
794. Laura, b. 1807, June 16; m. Dr. Brooks of Hali-
fax; d. 1855, Aug. 21.
795. Dwight J., b. 1810, Nov. 28 ; d. 1811, Aug. 17.
183
796. Harriet, b. 1812, May 29.
797. Gilbert Taylor, b. 1814, July 15 ; m. dau. of
John Loomis.
798. DwightB., b. 1817, Sept. 23.
799. Mandana, b. 1820, Mar. 12.
800. Benjamin, b. 1822, Mar. 10.
801. Ashley, b. 1824, Apr. 13.
802. A daughter who lived but a few hours.
430
SAMUEL 6 GOULD, sou of Eli 5 , m. Gates. Chil-
dren :
803. Daniel. 804. Ernest. 805. Betsey.
806. Samuel. 807. Sally. 808'. Stillman.
809. Daniel. 810. Eli. 811. Mary.
466
JOHN 6 DERTH GOULD, son of Asa 5 , m. in Golden,
Erie Co., N. Y., 1820, May 7, Hannah Buffum
[b. 1800, July 24, and d. 1856, May 18]. Chil-
dren :
812. Asahel Lewis, b. 1821, Jan. 30; m. 1860, Nov.,
Susan A. Wall.
813. Amos Wheeler, b. 1822, Nov. 26 ; m. 1852, Apr.
22, Caroline A. Cornell.
814. Sylvester Erwin Wesley, b. 1825, May 10; unm. ;
d. 1846, Dec. 20.
815. Joseph Cornelius, b. 1827, Nov. 11 ; m. 1853, Apr.
10, Angelina Dalby.
816. Lois Catherine, b. 1830, Nov. 15 ; m. 1856, Oct.,
Rufus Greene.
817. A son, b. 1832, Jan. 30; d. 1832, March 2.
818. Mary Cornelia, b. 1834, Dec. 28 ; m. 1858, Dec.
28, Henry L. Baker, Golden, N. Y.
184
819. Oliver Perry, b. 1837, Nov. 17; m. 1867, Jan. 1,
Augusta Calkins.
820. Linus Murray, b. 1840, Mar. 6; d. 1841, Mar. 11.
821. Emily Versalia, b. 1842, Apr. 13; m. 1865, Aug.
26, Aaron Cook of Metamora, Mich. [d. 1866,
May 18] .
822. Albert Byron, b. 1845. Jan 3.
470
AsA 6 GOULD, son of Asa 5 , m. 1. Mar., 1824, Sally
Smith [d. 1857, July 21] ; 2. 1858, June 17,
Phebe Wood [born 1821, Mar. 2J. Children :
823. Percy, b. 1825, Mar. 5 ; d. an infant.
824. ffliax R., b. '1828, Nov. 8; m. 1854, Jan. 1,
Amanda E. Scott.
825. Sylvanus, b. 1832, Jan. 1 ; d. 1834, Aug. 7.
826. Smith A., b. 1834, May 28; m. 1. Irene King,
1854, Mar. 18 ; 2. Lucy B. King, 1859, Jan. 20.
827. Joseph K., b. 1837, Nov. 16; imm. 1869; lives
in Crow Wing, Minn.
828. Sophia B., b. 1843, Sept. 23; d. 1846, Apr. 1.
473
CoRNELius 6 B. GOULD, son of Asa 5 , m. Nancy M.
Folsom [b. 1813, Oct. 26]. Children:
829. Lucinda A., b. Golden, N. Y., 1835, Jan. 16; m.
1858, Mar. 25, B. B. Hamilton, Wayne, Wis.
830. Wesley, b. Colden, N. Y., 1836, Sept. 7 ; d. 1857,
May 7.
831. Maria L., b. Colden, N. Y., 1838, Dec. 6; in.
1858, Oct. 31, Edmund P. Spokesfield, Wayne,
Wis.
832. Mien E., b. Colden, N. Y., 1841, June 2.
833. John F., b. Boston, N. Y., 1845, April 13.
185
834. Oretta A., b. 1848, July 23; d. 1850, May 17, at
Waterloo, Wis.
474
SrLVANUs 6 OWEN GOULD, son of Asa 5 , m; 1841, Oct.
5, Mariette Bacon [b. May 7, 1820] ; is a lawyer
in Buffalo. Children :
835. Emma Mariette, b. 1844, Dec. 7 ; m. 1866, Aug.
23, George D. Kellogg.
836. Sylvester Onslow, b. 1850, June. 27.
(D.) TRIBE OF ZACCHEUS.
476
AMOS S GOULD, of Ipswich, son of John 5 , m. 1. 1797,
Apr. 6, Mary Herrick [d. 1825, July] ; 2. 1826,
Dec. 25, Nelly Hood. His first wife was dau. of
Samuel Herrick of Danvers [b. 1745, Feb. 14,
and m. 1767, Nov. 19, Elizabeth Flint of Head-
ing. Children by his first wife, Mary :
837. Amos, b. 1800, Aug. 6 ; m. 1. 1822, Lavinia Dodge
of Hamilton ; 2. Augeliue Porter.
838. Betsey, b. 1802, Oct. 16; m. Capt. Daniel Patch;
wid. in 1851.
839. Mary, b. 1804, Sept. 12; m. Willard Smith of
Topsfield ; had three children, one of whom is
dead.
840. Cynthia, m. Henry Hubbard and lives iu Clare-
mont, N. H.
841. Asahel Huntington, b. 1813, May 26; d. 1825,
June 16.
842. Samuel H., b. 1814, Dec. 19; m. 1840, Nov. 26,
Abigail S. Foster.
843. John J., b. 1817, Jan. 27; m. Laura French.
186
844. Caroline A., b. 1818, Aug. 14; m. Abraham Rog-
ers of Claremont.
845. Charlotte A., b. 1820, Aug. 21 ; d. 1821, Oct. 30.
No children by second marriage.
480
LYDiA 6 , J. of John 5 Gould, m. 1808, Aug. 14, Sam-
uel C. TODD [b. 1783, Apr. 23, at Peterboro, N.
H.], son of Solomon and Elizabeth (Wallace)
Todd. Children :
846. Elizabeth, b. 1810, Feb. 4; m. 1840, Theodore
D. Billings.
847. Lydia, b. 1811, Apr. 15 ; m. 1847, Oct. 24, John
Sewall Annable.
848. Samuel, b. 1812, Oct. 15; m. 1838, Oct. 3, Har-
riet Lucinda Chase.
849. Alathea Huntington, b. 1814, July 15 ; m. 1836,
Nov. 26, Henry M. Bubier of Lynn.
850. John, b. 1817, Apr. 4; m. 1849, Dec. 11, Lucinda
Wilder.
851. Esther P., b. 1818, Dec. 7; m. 1849, Sept. 15,
Ebenezer F. Gay of Dedham.
852. Mary W., b. 1821, Nov. 17; m. 1844, Oct. 31,
Samuel M. Bubier of Lynn.
853. Ruth G-., b. 1823, May 19; m. 1843, June 29,
Allison H. Palmer.
854. Benjamin, b. 1824, Oct. 8; m. 1845, Nov.,Cyrene
Byron.
855. MehitaUe, b. 1828, Feb. 17.
856. Asahel H., b. 1830, Oct. 13.
481
JOHN 6 GOULD, son of Dea. John 5 , m. 1818, Nov. 4,
Harriet 6 (No. 557), dau. of Joseph and Ruth
187
Gould, and wid. of Smith of Byfield. Chil-
dren :
857. John Addison Brown, b. 1819, May 16; d. 1819,
Dec. 24.
858. John Addison Porter, b. 1820, Nov. 16.
859. Harriet Augusta, b. 1822, Dec. 21; m. 1840,
Mar., in Newbury, William F. Sumner of Dan-
vers.
483
JOHN 6 FLAGG GOULD, son of Benjamin 5 , m. 1. in
Portland, 1803, Dec. 15, Mary Turner of Lewis-
ton [b. 1786, d. at Newburyport, 1813, Apr. 7] ;
2. 1818, Feb. 13, Jane Louisa, dau. of Nathan
Burr and Jane Lorimer Graham. Children by
his first wife, Mary :
860. Benjamin, b. 1804, Dec. 4; d. 1805, Sept. 7.
861. Mary Elizabeth, b. 1806, Sept. 24, at Topsfield;
unmarried.
862. Sally, b. 1808, June 23, at Newburyport; d. 1810,
Oct. 12.
By his second wife, Jane :
863. John Flagg, b. 1819, June 1, in New York City;
d. 1820, Aug. 10.
864. Elizabeth Boyd, b. 1820, Dec. 30, in New York
City ; m. Alex Kelsey.
865. Jane Louisa Graham, b. 1823, Feb. 9, in New
York City; d. 1827, May 30.
485
ESTHER 6 , dau. of Benjamin 5 Gould, m. 1806, Jan. 7,
Henry Weld FULLER, of Augusta, Me. [b. 1784,
Jan. 1 ; d. 1841, Jan 29], Judge of Probate for
Kennebec Co. Children : '
188
866. Frederic Augustus, b. 1806, Oct. 5 ; d. 1849, Jan.
29; m. 1. Catharine M., dau. of Hon. Nathan
Weston of Augusta; 2. 1839, Margaret C. God-
frey of Orono.
867. Louisa Sophia, b. 1808, March 12 ; m. 1832, Sept.
2, Samuel E. Smith of Wiscasset, Governor of
Maine.
868. Henry Weld, b. 1810, Jan. 12; m. 1835, Nov. 10,
Mary S., dau. of Nathaniel Goddard, of Boston.
869. Martha Elizabeth, b. 1812, June 12; m. 1834,
Sept. 21, Joseph G. Moody of Augusta and Bos-
ton.
870. Caroline Weld, b. 1815, Jan. 3 ; m. 1835, June 5,
Isaac Farrar of Bangor.
871. Benjamin Apthorp Gould, b. 1818, May 23 ; m.
1843, Apr. 27, Harriet S., dau. of Hon. Daniel
Williams of Augusta, Me.
872. Lucretia Goddard, b. 1824, Aug. 9; in. 1849,
Dec. 27, Joseph K. Clark of Wiscasset.
486
BENJAMIN 6 APTHORP GOULD, son of Capt. Benja-
min 5 , m. 1823, Dec. 2, Lucretia D., [b. 1798,
Apr. 17], dau. of Nath'l and Lucretia D. God-
dard. He graduated from Harvard College in
1814, was Principal of the Boston Latin School
till 1824, and afterwards engaged in commerce.
Children :
873. Benjamin Apthorp, b. 1824, Sept. 27 ; m. 1861,
Oct. 29, Mary A., dau. of Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr.
874. Nathaniel Goddard, b. 1827, Apr. 4.
875. Lucretia Goddard, b. 1831, June 14; m. 1859,
Oct. 22, Rev. George E. Ellis, D. D., of Charles-
town ; d. 1869, July 6.
189
876. Louisa Goddard, b. 1834, Jan. 13 ; m. 1866, Dec.
6, Horace McMurtrie of Boston.
489
ELIZABETH 6 , dau. of Benjamin 5 Gould, m. 1819,
June 19, Antonio RAPALLO. Children :
877. Jane Louisa, b. 1820, July 21 ; m. John C. Hen-
derson of N. Y.
878. Charles Antonio, b. 1823, Sept. 15 ; m. Helen,
dau. of Bradford Suraner, of Boston.
499
JEDEDIAH 6 GOULD, son of Eliezer 5 , m. 1. 1785,
Sept. 22, Hannah Stearns ; 2. 1815, July 23, Ada
Barnes. Children by his first wife Hannah :
879. Polly.
880. Rufus, m. 1. Lucina P. Martin; 2. Widow Milly
Taft,
881. Abigail, m. 1825, George Wade.
By his second wife, Ada :
882. Marvel Follett, lives at Blackstone, Mass.
883. Sally, d. before 1827.
505
ELIEZER 6 GOULD, son of Eliezer 5 , m. 1. Eunice
Smith; 2. 1804, July 29, Comfort Darling.
Children :
884. Ezra, b. 1800; d. at Millbury. . 885. Arvila.
886. Sally, b. 1804, Nov. 24; m. - Read of Lud-
low, Vt.
887. Lewis, b. 1806, May 30; lives in Wisconsin.
888. William, b. 1808, Apr. 9.
889. Rachel, b. 1810, Apr. 7.
890. Hannah, b. 1812, Apr. 27.
190
891. Jedediah Bigelow, b. 1814, Mar. 11.
506
JASON 6 GOULD, sou of Eliezer 5 m. 1806, Nov. 13,
Huldah Cummings. Children :
892. Parley, b. 1807, Sept. 17; m. 1832, Oct. 29,
Betsey T. Chapin.
893. Sylvester, b. 1810, Sept. 22; m. 1835, June 1,
Julia A. Aldrich.
507
DANIEL 6 GOULD, son of Eliezer 5 , m. 1808, Jan. 13,
. ;< ( Hannah Houghton. Children :
894. Betsey. 895. Phebe. 896. George. 897. Eliezer.
898. Louisa. 899. Erastus. 900. Tryphena.
510
ELIZABETH 6 , dan. of Zaccheus 5 Gould, m. 1. 1804,
Mar. 15, Daniel BOARDMAN ; 2. 1823, May, Arte-
mas W. Perley ; died 1827, Sept. Her husband
married, 1833, Feb. 28, Huldah 6 Gould (No.
511), and died 1862, Jan. 6. Children by first
marriage :
901. Elizabeth, m. Samuel Janes of Topsfield.
902. Nancy, m. Samuel Goodale of Boxford.
903. Daniel^ m. Mehitable Nelson of Georgetown.
By second marriage :
904. Huldah, b. 1825, Mar. 20; d. 1844, Dec. 7.
905. Charles Greenleaf, b. 1827, June 14; d. 1832,
Nov. 7.
512
ZACCHEUS 6 GOULD of Topsfield, son of Zaccheus 5 ,
m. 1812, Nov. 2, Anne [b. 1795, 'July 29], dau.
of John and Ruth 5 (No. 136) (Gould) Hood,
191
and granddaughter of Daniel 4 Gould (No. 47).
Children :
906. Anna, b. 1813, June 24; m. 1845, Apr. 14, John
B. Lake ; had one child ; died 1846, June 9.
907. Zaccheus, b. 1815, Apr. 3; m. 1837, July 31,
Elizabeth Thomas.
908. Adeline B., b. 1817, Feb. 28; m. 1835, June 18,
Timothy M. Phillips.
909. Rebecca, b. 1819, Apr. 28; m. 1840, Feb. 29,
John Brown Lake; d. 1843, Aug. 12.
910. Emily, b. 1821, Apr. 5; m. 1844, Feb. 14, Moses
B. Home.
911. John Hood, b. 1824, Jan. 30; m. 1854, June 29,
Mary F. Revere.
912. Elizabeth, b. 1826, June 28 ; d. 1827, Nov. 13.
913. Humphrey, b. 1829, Oct. 13 ; m. Sarah A. Pea-
body, 1854, Sept. 24 ; d. 1856, Nov. 12.
914. Elizabeth, b. 1832, Jan. 8; m. 1853, Nov. 29,
Charles Winslow.
915. Wm. H. Harrison, b. 1837, June 25 ; m. Sarah
Stone, 1862, Aug. 21.
514
JOHN 6 GOULD, son of Zaccheus 5 , m. 1820, May 4,
Polly Curtis ; they lived in Cavendish, Vt. Chil-
dren :
916. John, b. 1821, May 4; d. 1822, June 18.
917. Rodney Dennis, b. 1822, Oct. 26 ; m. 1845, May
8, Miriam Dinsmore ; d. 1857, May 13.
918. Mary Ann, b. 1825, Aug. 10; d. 1827, Apr. 2.
919. John, b. 1827, July 28 ; m. Orpha Buck.
920. Francis, b. 1829, Jan. 3 ; m. Laura
921. Alfred, b. 1830, Aug. 26 ; d. 1834, Aug. 24.
922. Mary Eliza, b. 1831, Oct. 31; d. 1834, Aug. 25.
192
923. Humphrey, b. 1833, Apr. 16; m. Catherine Cram.
924. Helen Augusta, b. 1836, Jan. 8; d. 1850, Sept. 7.
925. Stella, b. 1837, Feb. 11 ; m. 1862, June 19, Charles
Demmons, of Rowe, Mass.
926. Harriet Elizabeth, b. 1840, Aug. 10; m. Hiland
Hicks and lives in Perkinsville.
515
HUMPHREY 6 GOULD, son of Zaccheus 5 , m. 1827,
June 11, Electa Haynes [b. 1800, June 5] ; a
physician in Rowe, Mass. Children:
927. Electa Haynes, b. 1828, Aug. *15 ; m. 1854, Aug.
15, Win. A. Hicks.
928. Hannah, b. 1836, Dec. 18; m. 1866, March 19,
Edward Wright, of Rowe.
516
ELIEZER G GOULD, son of Zaccheus 5 , m. 1821, Sept.
16, Abigail Brown of Danvers [b. 1797, July
1]. Children:
929. Albert Augustus, b. 1823, Sept. 18, at Haverhill ;
m. 1. 1851, Jan. 14, Abigail Derby; 2. ;
lives in Portland.
930. Leverett Franklin, b. 1827, Nov. 24; m. 1859,
Nov. 17, Martha Aldrich.
931. Mary Eliza, b. 1831, Feb. 2 ; d. 1832, July 9.
932. Eliza Mary, b. 1833, July 14 ; m. Charles Foss.
933. Harriet Augusta, b. 1836, Oct. 5 ; d. 1841, Mar. 10.
934. Warren Austin, b. 1840, July 2 ; d. 1841, May.
521
AnoLiAB 6 GOULD, son of John 5 , m. Jane Sears.
Children :
935. Otis, had William and other sons.
193
936. Jane, m. Boyd.
522
SiLAS 6 GOULD, son of John 5 , m. Betsey, dau. of
Johnson, and widow of his brother Enos 6
GOULD (No. 518). Lived in Dover, Vt. Chil-
dren :
937. Alvin, b. 1804, July 17; in. Hannah Perry; d.
1849, Apr. 9.
938. John P., b. 1806, Sept. 27 ; m. Harriet A. Lazelle.
939. Sally, b. 1808, Dec. 9 ; m. Gershom Eice of Dover,
Vt. ; d. 1863, Aug. 19.
940. Lucy, b. 1811, Oct. 5 ; m. John Howard of Dover,
Vt. ; d. 1841, Feb. 3.
941. Olive, b. 1814, Feb. 17 ; m. Jonas Haven of Hali-
fax, Vt. ; living 1869.
942. Lois, b. 1817, May 3 ; m. Wm. Bailey, of New-
fane, Vt. ; d. 1846, Oct. 29.
943. Esther A., b. 1823, Nov. 20; d. 1840, May 18.
527
BENJAMIN 6 GOULD, son of Ebenezer 5 , m. Olive Jeph-
erson. Children :
944. Willard. 945. Chester.
946. Judson, lives in Douglas.
947. Emma Ann. 948. Aaron.
528
DAVID 6 GOULD, son of Ebenezer 5 , m. 1813, Mar. 20,
Mary T. Pidge of Providence [d. 1856, Mar. 9] ;
moved to New York City in 1831. Children :
949. Amie Ann, b. 1814, Mar. 20; d. 1837, May 25.
950. Emetine, b. 1815, Nov. 15; m. 1835, Dec. 30,
David Pearsall ; d. 1860, Oct 12.
13
194
951. David Henry, b. 1817, Aug. 12; m. 1844, July 1,
Mary Valentine.
952. Mary, b. 1819, Dec. 15 ; d. 1821, July 2.
532
COMFORT 6 GOULD, son of Ebenezer 5 , m. in Douglas,
1821, Apr. 1, Charlotte Carpenter [b. 1798,
Dec. 7] . Children :
953. Sheldon B., b. 1821, Nov. 18; m. 1842, June 9,
Lucy D. Peasley.
954. Elizabeth C., b. 1824, July 31, in Douglas; m.
1841, Oct. 3, at Northbridge, Warren F. Red-
field, of Claremont, N. H. ; lives at Dedham.
955. Ebenezer, b. 1826, Aug. 9, at Northbridge; m. 1.
1846, Apr. 14, Abby S. Stevens ; 2. 1850, Sept.
19, Eliza J. Stevens ; lives at Dedham.
956. Abigail Ann, b. 1829, Feb. 23 , m. 1848, Nov. 27,
at Woousocket, Win. H. Blakeley of N. Adams,
Mass. ; lives in Worcester.
957. Charlotte O., b. 1831, Aug. 12, at Willington,
Conn. ; m. 1849, April 16, at Woonsocket,
Charles A. Sible}'.
958. Philetus Woodruff, b. 1834, May 21; m. 1857,
Clariuda Adams.
959. Mary A., b.- 1836, Aug. 14, at Northbridge; m.
1858, June 21, at Hopedale, Mass., Anson A.
. Wheelock of Mendou ; they lived in Woonsocket.
960. Charles T., b. 1839, Apr. 4*; d. 1841, Mar 24.
961. Charles, b. 1841, July 12; d. 1845, Apr. 4.
962. Thomas C., b. 1844, Feb. 28, at Northbridge; d.
1848, Mar. 9, at Woonsocket.
533.
JOHN 6 GOULD, son of Ebenezer, 5 m. 1. Ann Eliza
195
Whiting, 1823, Oct. 6 [d. 1828, May 12] ; m.
2. Susan Pierce, 1829, Apr. 12.
963. John, b. 1824, Aug. 17 ; d. 1824, Aug. 30.
964. John, b. 1826, March 15.
965. Ann Eliza, b. 1827, May 29; in. W. R. Arnold,
1846, Apr. 30; [he d. 1850, Oct. 5] ; one child,
Eliza Jane, b. 1847, Feb. 22.
966. George, b. 1832, June 22; d. 1832, Oct. 11.
967. George Washington, b. 1837, May 29; d. 1841,
Aug. 24.
968. Mary Arnold, b. 1836, Nov. 27 ; m. Lewis Vaughau,
1857, Jan. 8. One child, Juo. Lewis, b. 1858,
Nov. 15.
969. Susan, b. 1842, June 5 ; m. Wm. Harris, 1870,
Oct. 18.
535
AMOS S GOULD, son of Ebenezer 5 , m. Polly Read.
Children :
970. Andrew Jackson. 971. Ebenezer.
972. Anna Cook. 973. Charles. 974. Amos.
536
EBENEZER 6 GOULD of Providence., son of Ebenezer 5 ,
m. 1827, Oct. 1, Ruth H. Bishop of Providence
[b. 1807, Dec. 23]. They went to New York
City in 1836, and returned in 1844. Children :
975. Frederic Lockwood, b. 1828, July 8; m. 1855,
June 11, Lydia M. Luther of Warren, R. I.
976. Amelia C., b. 1830, Feb. 26; d. 1834.
977. Edward Nelson, b. 1833, Dec. 25 ; d. 1835.
978. Edward Nelson, b. 1836, Dec. 26 ; m. Marceua
Levalley.
979. Amelia Augusta , b. 1839, Apr. 5 ; m. Miles B.
Lawson, 1861.
196
980. Wm. Henry, b. 1846, Aug. 26 ; d. 1850.
981. Emma H., b. 1849, Nov. 18 ; d. 1850.
537
WiLLiAM 6 GOULD, son of Ebenezer 5 , m. 1834, Dec.
4, Mary A. Durfee, of Providence ; moved to Tol-
land, Conn, in 1856, and, in 1864, to Auburn,
Mass. Children :
982. b. 1837, Feb 14; d. same day.
983. William C., b. 1838, Dec. 23; d. 1839, Jan. 27.
984. Hannah Anne, b. 1840, Aug. 5 ; m. 1865, Dec. 28,
Wm. H. Skinner.
985. Mary Jane, b. 1843, May 22 ; d. 1845, Aug. 5.
986. William Edwin, b. 1845, May 22 ; d. 1847, Sept. 6.
987. ElishaA., b. 1847, July 29.
988. Emma Jane, b. 1850, July 8.
989. Henry, b. 1853, June 17.
(E.) TRIBE OF JOSEPH.
546
DANIEL GOULD, of Boxford, son of Daniel 5 , m.
Lydia Batchelder. Children :
990. Sarah Bradstreet, b. 1833, June 28.
991. Mary Ann, b. 1835, Mar. 19.
992. Daniel Emerson, b. 1837, Apr. ; d. 1838, Feb. 27.
993. Martha Jane, b. 1840, June 5.
994. Lydia Helen, b. 1843, June 16.
552
JOSEPH 6 PORTER GOULD, of Middletown, son of Cor-
nelius 5 m. 1826, Apr. 23, Lucy M. [b. 1806,
May 29], dau. of Oliver P. Peabody. Chil-
dren :
197
995. Clarissa Holt, b. 1827, Feb. 23 ; d. 1848, Sept. 16.
996. Augustus Peabody, b. 1828, Oct. 21; d. 1848,
Sept. 27.
997. Porter Irwin, b. 1830, Aug. 1 ; m. 1859, Sept. 21,
Mary E. Peabody.
998. George Waldo, b. 1832, March 21 ; d. 1848, Sept.
18.
999. Lucy Maria, b. 1835, Oct. 7 ; m. 1854, Nov. 16,
Andrew Frame.
1000. Sarah Isabella, b. 1842, Nov. 30.
554
BARZiLLAi fi GOULD, son of Cornelius 5 , m. Ruth Ave-
rill of Middleton. He died 1848, Oct. 24, and
his wid. married, 2. John Gillingham, of Brad-
ford, N. H. Children :
1001. Mary Elizabeth, b. 1836, May 7; m. 1853, Dec.
4, W. Morrill Peabody.
1002. Charles Merrill, b. 1838, Apr. 8 ; d. 1862, Dec. 8.
555
HENRY 6 AUGUSTUS GOULD, son of Cornelius 5 , in.
1837, Mar. 30, Sarah Batchelder of N. Reading
[b. 1815, Sept. 21]. Children:
1003. Henry E., b. 1838, Feb. 27; m. 1861, Jan. 1,
Sarah C. Mason.
1004. Sarah A. J., b. 1839, Aug. 18 ; m. 1858, Apr. 3,
Benj. A. Eaton [b. 1835, Sept. 23; d. 1864,
May 4] ; one child, Ella A. was b. 1864, May 30.
1005. Augustus, b. 1842, Oct. 26; d. 1842, Oct. 31.
1006. Theodore P., b. 1846, Mar. 20; m. 1867, Oct. 9,
Jennie H. Metcalf, of Highgate, Vt. [b. 1847,
Apr. 6].
1007. Mark F., b. 1849, Apr. 3.
198
1008. Ella H., b. 1853, Oct. 23; d. 1856, Aug. 2.
1009. Ira R., b. 1856, Mar. 16; d. 1856, Mar. 20.
1010. Ida R., b. 1856, Mar. 16.
1011. Milo H., b. 1858, Feb. 22.
1012. Asa T., b. 1860, Aug. 26.
556
EMERSON 6 GOULD, son of Cornelius 5 , ra. 1839, May
30, Harriet Batchelder [b. 1820, Dec. 29]. He
lived in Reading, as do his children. Children :
1013. Harriet Maria, b. 1841, June 16; m. 1859, Nov.
17, James A. Bancroft [b. 1834, June 23] ; two
children, Harvey Ames, b. 1864, Nov. 4, and
Addie Maria, b. 1867, Oct. 14.
1014. Annis Amelia, b. 1843, June 2 ; m. 1860, Dec.
19, Parker Nichols [b. 1839, April 7]. A son,
Albion Gould Nichols [b. 1861, Aug. 9].
1015. Mary Susan, b. 1846, Aug. 14; m. 1868, June
25, Daniel Putnam [b. 1812, Apr. 14].
1016. George Emerson, b. 1848, Sept. 6.
566
JONATHAN 6 PORTER GOULD, son of Joseph 5 , m. 1840,
Nov. 26, Mary Emily Munday [b. 1821]. Chil-
dren :
1017. Wm. Porter, b. 1842, Aug. 22 ; d. 1844, Feb. 3.
1018. Mary Emily, b. 1845, Sept. 24.
1019. Wm. Porter, b. 1850, Oct. 16.
1020. Susan Choate, b. 1857, Feb. 7.
1021. Elizabeth Porter, b. 1860, June 27 ; d. 1867, Sept.
10.
568
ARIEL 6 H. GOULD, son of Joseph 5 , m. 1843, Jan.
31, Augusta Munday. Children :
199
1022. William M., b. 1845, Mar. 1 ; d. 1853, Feb. 16.
1023. Harriet Augusta, b. 1854, Apr. 11.
1024. Nellie Adeline, b. 1860, Aug. 7.
SEVENTH GENERATION.
(A.) TRIBE OF JOHN.
570
ELIJAH' GOULD of Hillsboro, N. H., son of Stephen 6 ,
m. 1. ; 2. 1823, Sept. 18, Hannah Chapman
of Windsor. Children by first wife :
1025. Franklin, b. 1805, Oct. 29 ; unmarried.
1026. David, b. 1807, Sept. 3 ; m. Hannah Chandler,
lives in Hillsboro.
1027. Nancy, b. 1810, Mar. 30; m. 1835, May 25,
Luke McClintock.
By second wife, Hannah :
1028. Hannah L., b. 1825, Nov. 27; m. 1849, Oct. 18,
Reuben N. Colbnrn, of Antrim ; one daughter,
' Emily E. Gould, b. 1850, Sept. 28.
1029. Louisa, b. 1827, Mar. 20; d. 1828, Jan. 1.
1030. Elijah Fuller, b. 1828, Oct. 17 ; m. 1854, Nov.
28, Elizabeth J. Duncklee [b. 1831, Oct. 17, at
Danversport] .
1031. Leonard Page, b. 1829, Apr. ; m. Sarah E Cool-
idge.
1032. Emily L., b. 1835, July 21.
1033. Luther Adalbert, b. 1832, Apr. 16.
572
AsNER 7 GOULD, of Hillsboro, son of Stephen 6 m.
Alrnira Codman. They had one child :
200
1034. Elizabeth, m. Marshall Miller, and lives in Ver-
mont.
573
TiMOTHY 7 GOULD, of Hillsboro, N. H., son of
Stephen 6 , m. 1815, Clarissa Bradford. Chil-
ren :
1035. Leonora Bradford, b. 1816, June 17 ; m. 1837,
June, Walter McKean, of Nashua.
1036. Henry Chandler, b. 1818, June 19; m. Elvira
Way of Bradford.
1037. John Milton, b. 1821, June 5; m. Catherine Fly
of Rockland, Maine.
1038. Thaddeus Fuller, b. 1824, June 5 ; d. 1826, Sept.
11.
1039. Frederic William, b. 1827, Sept. 11 ; m. Eliza,
dau. of Ammi Smith.
574
THADDEUS 7 GOULD, son of Stephen 6 , in. 1821, June
24, Mary Ann, dau. of Sam'l Hichboru. Came
to Boston in 1812. Children :
1040. Mary Ann, b. 1822 ; m. 1852, Emery, and
lives in Washington, D. C.
1041. Thaddeus, b. 1824, Mar. 21; m. 1847, Martha
M., dau. of Josiah Ober; has three children.
1042. Eliza Cook, b. 1826.
1043. Edward, b. 1828; d. 1839.
1044. George H., b. 1830, Aug; m. 1855, Apr. 26,
Harriet, dau. of Abner Knight, of E. Boston.
1045. Clarissa Bradford, b. 1834. 1046. Emily.
576
JONATHAN 7 GOULD of Henniker, N. H., son of Ste-
phen 6 , m. Sabra Booth. Children :
201
1047. Judson, m. Persis Hartshorn.
1048. Wm. Booth. 1049. Edward Bruce.
580
JACOB 7 GOULD, son of Jacob 6 , m. 1. 1815, Aug. 15,
Ruby Swan, [b. 1793, Mar. 24; d. 1840, Nov.
30] ; 2. 1841, Sept. 21, Sarah T. Seward [b. 1804,
June 4. He moved to Rochester, N. Y., about
1820 ; was Mayor of the city and Major General
of the militia. Children :
1050. Susan, b. 1817, Dec. 4; d. 1821, Feb.
1051. Caroline, b. 1819, May 4; m. Henry Benton,
1843, June 6.
1052. Susan, b. 1821, Sept. 10; m. Henry A. Tilden,
1844, June 27.
1053. Rhoda S., b. 1823, Nov. 1 ; d. 1827, Feb.
1054. Jacob, b. 1825, June 1 ; d. 1825, July.
1055. Jacob S., b. 1826, Sept. 6 : m. Elizabeth Johnson,
1849, Jan. 31.
1056. George Clinton, b. 1829, Jan. 15 ; d. 1829, June 28.
1057. Ruby, b. 1830, May 5 ; d. 1830, July 17.
1058. Sarah Ruby, b. 1842, July 6 ; m. Dr. Chas. E.
Simmons, 1865, June 29.
1059. Seward F., b. 1844, Oct. 4; m. Alice E. Hart,
1868, Jan. 9.
1060. Anna J., b. 1846, Nov. 10.
590
JosiAH 7 GOULD, sou of Joshua 6 , m. 1796, Dec. 1,
Tamsen Higgius. Children :
1061. Joshua, bapt. Eastham, 1800.
1062. Josiah, bapt. Eastham, 1800.
202
593
NATHANIEL 7 GOULD, son of Joshua 6 , m. 1. 1806,
Hannah Knowles of Eastham ; 2. Mary .
Children :
1063. Jonathan, b. 1807, Mar. 6; m. 1831, Dec. 31,
Sally Crosby of Orleans; d. 1849, Sept. 23.
1064. Mary, b. 1809, Nov. 28.
1065. Nathaniel, b. 1811, Nov. 23; m. 1835, Dec. 24,
Hannah K. Crosby ; d. 1856.
1066. Joseph K., b. 1813, Feb. 2; m. 1. 1837, Dec. 28,
Susan N. Jarvis ; 2. 1840, Nov. 12, Tempa B.
(Young), wid. of Freeman Knowles.
1067. Franklin, b. 1816, July 16; in. 1. 1837, Sept.
13, Eliz. N. Liunell ; 2. 1844, Mar. 21, Jerusha
Knowles.
1068. Joshua, b. 1818, Aug. 12; d. 1838, Nov. 20.
1069. Hannah Knowles, b. 1820, Aug. 3; m. 1843,
Jan. 8, Joseph Paine of Brewster.
1070. Sally W., b. 1822, Sept. 8; m. 1843, May 4,
Willard Kogers ; d. 1850.
1071. Benjamin, b. 1824, Jan. 22; in. 1848, Tamsen
Knowles.
1072. Nancy, b. 1828, Nov. 8; m. Bangs Nickerson of
Boston.
594
THOMAS 7 GOULD, son of Joshua 6 , m. Thankful Hurd.
Children :
1073. Clement, b. 1811, Sept. 13; m. 1837, Fanny
Snow ; d. 1855.
1074. Rebecca, b. 1817, Dec. 3; m. 1840, Oct. 27,
Davis Hurd.
1075. Thankful, b. 1822, Apr. 3.
203
1076. Eliza C., b. 1826; ra. 1850, Oct. 14, Simeon
Mayo.
1077. Thomas, b. 1828 ; m. 1853, Hannah Smith.
597
JOHN 7 GOULD, son of John 6 , m. 1797, Feb. 16,
Joanna [b. 1773; d. 1855, Nov. 26], dan. of
Sam'l Higgins. Children :
1078." Polly, b. 1797, Apr. 23; ra. 1. 1820, Feb. 3,
Amasa Taylor; 2. Hatsell Freeman.
1079. Joanna, b. 1798, Sept. 17; m. 1821, Aug. 9,
Joshua Higgins.
1080. Thomas, b.^1801, May 8.
1081. Joseph, b. 1803, July 20; unm. 1860.
1082. Sally, b. 1807, Aug. 27; m. 1830, Nov. 20,
Waters Taylor.
1083. ffliza,b. 1809, July 27 ; m. 1829, Apr. 16, Alvau
Smith.
1084. Phebe, b. 1810, June 15 ; ra. 1834, Seneca Hig-
gins.
1085. John, b. 1814, Jan. 22 ; unm. 1860.
1086. Patty, b. 1815, Apr. 22; m. 1837, Sept. 14,
Isaiah Liunell.
606
PAINE T GOULD, son of Thomas 6 , m. 1789, Cynthia
Kenrick, who married 2. David Twining, in
1797. Children :
1087. Paine.
1088. Polly, m. 1809, Feb. 25, Benjamin Atwood.
607
NATHANIEL 7 GOULD, son of Thomas 6 , m. 1. ; 2.
Ruth, wid. of Smith. Children :
204
1089. Jerome B. N., m. ; lived in Abington and
Boston. His son in. in Hopkinton, 1859, Aug.
8, Angenette L. Whiting of Mt. Vernon, Me.
1090. Son. 1091. Daughter, b. in Maine.
608
JAMES T GOULD, of Orleans, son of Thomas 6 , m.
1793, Mar. 10, Eebecca Crosby. Children :
1092. Thomas, b. 1793, Aug. 4.
1093. James, b. 1795, June 6; m. 1819, Nov. 18, Ruth
Paine.
612
JosiAH 7 Gould of Chatham, son of Richard 6 , m. 1.
Azubah ; 2. Sally . Children by first
wife, Azubah :
1094. Richard, b. 1788, Apr. 25; m. 1808, Jan. 8,
Sarah Nickerson of Harwich [b. 1790, Feb. 8] ;
d. 1835, Dec. 25.
1095. Josiah, b. 1790, Aug. 5.
1096. Azubah, b. 1792, Oct. 29.
1097. Stephen, b. 1795, Jan. 19.
1098. Sally, b. 1797, June 1 ; m. Luther Hammond and
had eight children.
1099. Else, b. 1801, Feb. 10; m. George Spencer and
had five children.
1100. John, b. 1803, Nov. 5 ; m. 1810, Sept. 16, Phebe
H. Gorharn and had five sons and three daugh-
ters.
1101. Betsey, b. 1806, May 19; m. 1. Davis Hall; 2.
Joseph Patterson, and had seven children ; living,
18/50, in Nantasket.
By second wife, Sally :
1102. Nancy P., b. 1810, June 21; m. David Patter-
son ; lives at Nantucket.
205
1103. Martha, b. 1811, Oct. 8.
1104. Olive #., b. 1818, Mar. 1; m. Wm. Patterson;
had seven children.
1105. Barnard C.
617
RiCHAUD 7 GOULD, son of Richard 6 , m. Patty Eldridge.
Children :
1106. Richard, b. 1798, Oct. 28 ; m. Betsy Hi nek ley ;
d. of consumption, leaving one child, Laura A.
1107. Polly, m. Win. Hi tellings ; had four children.
1108. Patty, b. 1801, Sept. 7; in. Dr. Francis Morris ;
no children.
1109. Thomas, b. 1803, Oct. 28 ; lost at sea.
1110. Joseph, b. 105, Aug. 18; m. Fanny Wheeler;
lost overboard in Long Island Sound.
1111. Eldridge, b. 1808, Mar. 8.
1112. Benedict, b. 1812, Jan. 15.
1113. "Merita", b. 1815, July 19; m. Joshua Rogers.
1114. Ethan, b. 1818, July 23; lost at sea.
1115. Freeman, b. 1822, Jan. 23 ; m. Jane H. ,
in Truro 1852, Mar. 4.
618
DAVID 7 GOULD, son of Richard 6 , m. Hannah .
Children :
1116. Sabra, b. 1799, Apr. 26 ; m. 1. John Weeks, 2.
1822, Aug. 6, Thomas Holway.
1117. Abigail, b. 1801, Jan. 4; m. 1820, Dec. 8, Josiah
Nickerson.
1118. Hannah, b. 1803, Aug. 1 ; m. 1. 1821 Benj.
Patterson [d. 1824, May 20] ; two children,
Benj. and Hannah; 2. 1830, Nath'l Small [d.
1855, Nov. 6], by whom she had seven children.
206
1119. David, b. 1806, Nov. 25; m. 1827, Mehitable A.
Phillips [b. 1808, Apr. 23].
1120. James, b. 1808, Jan. 1 ; m. 1828, Sally Nickerson.
1121. Azubah, b. 1809, Feb. 14; m. 1832, Nov. 29,
Joseph D. Jones.
1122. Joseph D., b. 1812, Mar 28; m. Susan H.
Harding [b. 1816, Apr. 14].
1123. Collins, b. 1813, Dec. 19.
1124. Jane, b. 1816, Jan. 18 ; in. Silas Nickerson,
had one child, Curtis, not now living.
1125. Lavina, b. 1818, May 3; m. 1839, Mar. 21,
Philip J. Smith.
1126. Levisa, b. 1820, July 10; m. 1838, Sept. 28,
Stephen F. Bearse ; had six children.
621
SAMUEL 7 LONG GOULD, son of Samuel 6 Lamson, m.
Ann Poor of Andover [d. 1868]. Is Doctor of
Divinity ; lives in Bethel ; has lived in Boothbay,
Orrington, and Albany (Maine). Children:
1127. Samuel Lamson; d. infant.
1128. Mary Greenleaf; m. George Morrell ; lives in
Minnesota.
1129. /Samuel Lamson, Surgeon U. S. N. ; d. Key \Vest,
Fla.
1130. Clara Atwood, m. Goo. Holt; lives in Wisconsin.
1131. Willie Poor; killed at Petersburg.
1132. Sarah Kimball.
1133. Ella Talbot; teacher in Boston.
1134. Annie Poor. 1135. Alice. 1136. Isabella.
623
CHARLES 7 GOULD, of Topsfield, son of Samuel 6 Lam-
son Gould, m. 1837, Dec. 17, Elizabeth 7 Averill
207
Gould (No. 650) [b. 1816, Dec. 6], dan. of
John 6 (No. 325) and Mary (Averell) Gould.
Children :
1137. May Elizabeth, b. 1839, July 23.
1138. Sarah Jane, b. 1841, Feb. 28; m. 1866, June
17, John Bailey of Topsfield.
1139. Charles Wallace, b. 1848, Feb. 14.
1140. George Ansel, b. 1849, Apr. 10.
1141. Wm. Pitman, b. 1855, Jan. 9.
625
DANIEL 7 GOULD, son of Josiah 6 , m. 1. 1844, Nov.
20, Mary Ann Sears [d. 1847, July 10 in Box-
ford] ; 2. 1851, Apr. 30, Hannah G. Dodge [b.
1820, Mar. 12, in Wenham], and 3. Lydia Ridley.
Children by first wife, Mary Ann.
1142. Daniel Herbert, b. 1845, Oct. 5, at Topsfield, and
was starved to death, in Salisbury prison.
1143. John Henry, b. 1847, June 5, at Box ford ; d.
1847, Oct. 20.
By second wife Hannah :
1144. Benjamin Dodge, b. 1852, Jan. 3 ; d. 1852, Sept.
13.
1145. Lydia E., b. 1858, Mar. 17.
1146. Hannah M., b. 1859, Nov. 11.
637
HENRY 7 LAWRENCE GOULD, of Middleton, son of
Nathaniel 6 , m. 1822, April 11, Lydia How. Chil-
dren :
1147. Julia Ann, b. 1823, Feb. 21 ; m. 1845, Sept. 25,
James W. Wilkius of Peabody.
1148. Caroline Elizabeth, b. 1825, Sept. 3; m. 1847,
May 12, Cyrus R. Wilkius of Middletou.
208
1149. Lydia Lovett, b. 1827, Dec. 17 ; m. 1859, May 8,
Henry E. Perley of Georgetown.
1150. William Henry, b. 1829, Nov. 24; d. 1830,
March 9.
1151. Martha Hichborn, b. 1832, Jan. 27.
1152. Eliza Lawrence, b. 1835, Dec. 1 ; d. 1836, Jan.
23.
648
LucY 7 PEABODY GOULD, dau. of John 6 of Topsfield,
m. Oren J. STOXE of South Boston and Bangor ;
and d. 1842, Feb. 11. Children :
1153.
1154. Lucy C., b. 1835, Feb. 5 ; m. Dexter W. Rollins.
1155. Augustus W., b. 1836, Apr. 15; m. Cynthia
Newton.
1156. . 1157. .
651
JOHN 7 AVERELL GOULD, of Woburn and Chelsea,
son of John 6 , m. 1845, Oct. 5, Elizabeth C.
Leach of Manchester. Does business in Boston.
Children :
1158. John Leach, b. 1847, Jan. 7 ; d. 1848, Sept. 2.
1159. Elizabeth Porter, b. 1848, June 8.
1160. Susan Cheever, b. 1849, June 27.
1161. George Lambert, b. 1852, Feb. 6.
1162. Ada Pitman, b. 1854, Jan. 15.
1163. Hattie Florence, b. 1858, March 15.
1164. Annie Leach, b. 1859, Oct. 2.
1165. Mary Averell, b. 1861, July 17.
209
652
ADELINE 7 WALLACE Gould, m. Samuel PITMAN Jr.
of Salem. Childreu :
1166. Frederica Lambert, b. 1853, Oct. 23.
1167. Clara Livingston, b. 1856, Oct. 13.
1168. Addle Palfrey, b. 1858, Jan. 1.
1169. Walter Carbick, b. 1861, June 10; d. 1861, June
23.
654
WiLLiAM 7 E. GOULD, son of Jacob 6 Wood, m. 1863,
Apr.; Adelaide Barnhart. Children:
1170. Clarence Barnhart, b. 1864, June 27.
1171. Elsie M., b. 1867.
656
JOHN 7 J. GOULD, son of Jacob 6 Wood, m. 1854,
Feb., Eunice M. Caswell. Child:
1172. Walter Caswell, b. 1855, March; d. 1860, Sept.
15.
(B.) TRIBE OF THOMAS.
664
SAMUEL 7 GOULD, son of Benjamin 6 , m. 1807, Polly,
dau. of Bemsley Peabody. Children :
1173. Betsey.
1174. Moses, m. Huldah Gilford; had son, Ebenezer,
living in Boxford in 1869, who m. Lucy Hutch-
inson.
680
ANDREW 7 GOULD, ou of Andrew 6 , m. 1829, Feb.
24, Mary Prudence Lake [b. 1809, May 6].
Children :
14
210
1175. Andrew D., b. 1830, Jan. 11 ; d. 1830, Jan. 27.
1176. Mary L., b. 1831, May 24; m. 1857, Mar. 10,
L. W. Nichols; one child, Martha L., b. 1857,
Aug. 16.
1177. Lucy P., b. 1833, Apr. 20; d. 1834, Sept. 27, at
Boxford.
1178. Andrew Amos, b. 1835, Apr. 11; d. unm. 1862,
Oct. 23, at Topsfield.
1179. Harriet L., b. 1837, May 17; m. 1857, Dec. 16,
Thomas W. Perley ; one child, Charles, b. 1857,
Aug. 30 ; d. 1866, Dec. 23.
1180. Sarah It., b. 1839, June 27 ; m. 1. 1861, Dec. ,
John P. Towne [d. in 1862, Mar. 16] : 2. 1866,
June 26, Henry W. Phillips; one son, Leon P.,
b. 1868, July 23.
1181. Edw. Otis, b. 1841, Feb. 11; m. 1866, Oct. 14,
Rosettha Foster.
1182. Almira A., b. 1846, Apr. 8; m. 1863, Sept. 19,
Job H. Frame ; one child, Arthur, b. 1863, Dec.
1 ; d. 1867, Sept. 2.
1183. Alpheus A., b. 1846, Apr. 8.
1184. Herbert Walter, b. 1848, July 4 ; m. 1871, Dec.
17, Laura A. Conley.
1185. Horace, b. 1848, July 4; d. 1848, Sept. 17.
1186. Emeretta Helen, b. 1850, Apr. 6; d. 1851, Aug.
28.
712
JAMES 7 AUSTIN GOULD, son of Samson 6 , m. 1. 1823,
Dec. 11, Sarah [b. 1800; d. 1826, March 5],
widow of Barry; 2. Lucinda A. [b. Barre,
1789, Oct. 11 ; d. Lunenburg, 1861, Dec. 1] dau.
of John and Mary Messenger of Barre. He died
at Charlestown, 1837, Aug. Children:
211
1187. Theodore \_Davenport~], b. 1825, June 8; m.
.1844, Oct. 24, Mary Ann Brown of Newbury-
port ; d. in 18f 0. Changed his middle name
from Davenport to Parker, at the request of his
great aunt, Eunice 6 Parker, dan. of Elijah 5 Gould
(No. 171).
1188. Child, b. 1826, Mar. 5 ; died on the same day.
1189. .
1190. James Austin, 1). in Boston, 1832, Jan. 20; m.
1855, Feb. 2, Mary M. Thayer of Lisbon, N. H. ;
lives at Lunenburg, Mass.
1191. Mary, b. Boston, 1833, Oct. ; d. 1836.
(C.) TRIBE OF SAMUEL.
734
Lucius 7 GOULD, of Buffalo, son of Isaac 6 , m. 1820,
Jan. 6, Mary Ann Dow of Richfield, N. Y.
Children :
1192. Nancy Amelia, b. 1821, Mar. 30; d. 1822, Aug.
25.
1193. Lucius Dow, b. 1829, July 14.
1194. Mary A., b. 1832, July 29 ; m. 1867, June 12,
LaFayette Blue.
741
SAMUEL 7 GOULD, of N. Adams, son of Eli 6 , m. 1.
1814, June 12, Patience Wilbur, who died at N.
Adams; 2. Lovina, wid. of Cheney, and
dau. of Sanford. Children by first wife,
Patience :
1195. Julia Ann, b. 1815, Apr. 2 ; m. Benjamin Morgan.
1196. Win. Munroe, b. 1817, Feb. 6 ; m. 1. Jeannette
212
Morgan; 2. Jane, wid. of his brother, Jerome S.
Gould (No. 1198).
1197. Delia, b. 1819, May 17 ; H. 1842, July 25.
1198. Jerome Smith, b. 1821, July 28 ; m. 1843, Aug.
5, Jane Mclntire ; d. 1850, Oct. 11.
1199. Arethusa, b. 1824, Sept. 21; m. 1850, Dec. 7,
John B. Newcomb.
1200. Mary Adeline, b. 1826, Feb. 28; m. 1853, July
22, Jacob H. Woodward.
1201. Charles Wilbur, b. 1828, Jan. 23; m. Sarah J.
Barrett.
1202. Eliza Emeline, b. 1830, May 11 ; d. 1842, Apr. 24.
1203. Almira, b. 1832, Mar. 14; m. 1853, Dec. 8,
Robert Rogers.
By his second wife, Lovina :
1204. Patience, b. 1836, Aug. 20; m. 1857, Dec. 31,
Walter R. Carr.
1205. Frances Amelia, b. 1844, June 12.
742
WILL ARD 7 GOULD, of Clarksburg, Mass., son of Eli 6 ,
m. 1. 1818, Dec. 3, Hannah Pike [d, 1847,
Aug. 14] ; 2. 1848, Aug. 23, Louisa Boyden.
Children by his first wife, Hannah :
1206. Tabitha, b. 1819, Aug. 29 ; m. 1840, Sept. 10,
John N. Chase; d. 1853, Feb. 1.
1207. Maria, b. 1820, Aug. 10; unm. : d. of typhoid
fever, 1844, Oct. 24.
1208. George, b. 1822, Oct. 15 ; killed on a water-wheel,
atN. Adams, 1832, Sept. 1.
1209. Emeline, b. 1827, Oct. 17; m. 1846, May 30,
George Marsh.
1210. Jane, b. 1830, Dec. 7 ; m. 1848, Apr. 24, Reu-
ben Hay den.
213
743
ARETHUSA 7 , dau. of EH 6 Gould, m. John TAFT.
Children :
1211. Jane, m. James Snow.
1212. William, m. Phebe Robbins.
1213. Charlotte. 1214. Eunice.
744
DAvm 7 GOULD, son of Eli 6 ; m. 1820, Nov. 26, Sally
Green. He died 1869, Aug. 13, at Heath. Chil-
dren :
1215. Caroline, b. 1821, Nov. 26; m. 1842, Stephen G.
Davenport.
1216. Henry David, b. 1825, Nov. 28 ; m. Martha Tem-
ple. They had two sons.
1217. Sarah Anneline, b. 1826, Oct. 17 ; m. 1851, John
Hunt of Hadley.
1218. George Gilbert, b. 1827, Apr. 18 ; m. 1856, Oct.
4, Jane C. Merrifield.
1219. Bernice Johnson, b. 1829, July 26; m. 1857,
Dec. 2, Joseph Chapiu of Heath [b. 1806].
1220. Hannah Jane, b. 1833, Feb. 20 ; m. 1860, Oct.
6, Horace C. Cummings of Pittsfield [b. 1829].
1221. Frances Almira, b. 1834, Mar. 4 ; m. John Merri-
field.
1222. Lyman Green, b. 1835, June 12 ; m. wid. Rox-
ana (Reed) Kingsbury.
1223. Louisa Emeline, b. 1837, Mar. 18; in. 1859,
Mar. 1, Hugh Maxwell [b. 1836].
1224. Willard Edgar, b. 1839, Feb. 15; unm. 1869.
1225. Ann Eliza, b. 1840, July 23 ; m. Amos Temple
of Shelburue.
214
745
DANIEL 7 GOULD, of Adams, son of Eli 6 , m. 1821,
Nov. 28, Patience McKnight. Children :
1226. Samuel J., b. 1828, - -25; m. 1851, June 10,
Rosetta Russ.
1227. Cynthia L., b. 1830, Jan. 3; m. 1849, July 3,
Almond H. Potter.
1228. Harriet Ann, b. 1833, Jan. 6; in. 1854, Apr. 13,
Edwin J. Decker.
1229. Sarah, b. 1835, Aug. 12; d. 1839, Feb. 26.
1230. George W., b. 1838, Nov. 25.
746
SALLY T , dau. of Eli 6 , m. in 1829, John UPTON.
Children :
1231. Oliver.
1232. Elizabeth was adopted by Oliver Arnold of North
Adams, and married Nathan Day.
1233. Henry.
747
NANCY 7 , dau. of Eli", m. 1831, Apr. 28, Levi GATES,
who d. 1858, Nov. 17. Children:
1234. Susan J.., b. 1832, Apr. 3; m. 1858, Dec. 26,
Henry J. Had lock.
1235. Stillman J., b. 1834, May 25 ; m. Sally Jarnegan.
1236. Robert IF., b. 1835, Oct. 15; in. 1865, Aug. 23,
Laura A. Landon.
1237. Sarah E., b. 1837, Jan. 18;'m. John Morrison.
1238. Helen L., b. 1839, Jan. 3; m. 1858, July 13,
Melvin J. Davis.
1239. Charles W., b. 1842, Aug. 20.
1240. Nancy C., b. 1844, Aug. 20; m. 1865, Dec. 20,
John W. Hagett.
215
748
STILLMAN T GOULD, son of Eli 6 , m. 1834, Nov. 6,
Maria Smith, sister of Tirza, who married his
brother Eli 7 (No. 749). He was a mechanic in
North Adams ; d. 1845, Jan. 6, of typhoid fever,
at Adams. Children :
1241. Mary, ; m. Bixby.
1242. Adeline, ; m. Towne.
1243. Gilbert.
1244. Edward, b. 1844, July 25 ; died from wound
received in war.
749
ELI T GOULD, son of Eli 6 , m. 1832, Sept. 20, Tirza
Smith. Children :
1245. Augustus George, b. 1833, Nov. 24; m. 1865,
Jan. 12, Jennie Hibberd.
1246. Lestina M., b: 1835, June 29 ; m. 1866, May 27,
Porter Green.
1247. Erwin Smith, b. 1837, June 28; m. 1861, Sept.
19, Susan E., dau. of Benj. Morgan, and grand-
daughter of Samuel 7 Gould (No. 806).
1248. Leander Johnson, b. 1842, Jan. 9 ; m. Delia Jane
Morgan, dau. of Benj. Morgan, granddaughter
of Samuel 7 Gould (No. 806).
1249. Adeline F., b. 1851, Dec. 27.
773
EpHRAiM 7 GOULD, son of Benjamin 6 , m. 1830, Mar.
30, Lois Porter, of Washington Co., Ohio [b.
1808, Jan. 5; d. 1859, Oct. 25]. Children:
1250. Joseph Dennis, b. 1831, Jan. 20 ; d. 1847, Mar. 16.
1251. Lydia, b. 1832, Sept. 17 ; d. 1832, Oct. 5.
216
1252. Jasper Porter, b. 183,3, Aug. 24; m. 1857, Nov.
29, Mary J. Taylor, of Lee, Mass. ; he is a Meth-
odist clergyman of the Pittsburg Conference,
and a graduate of Meadville College.
1253. Melissa Ann, b. 1835, Feb. 2; d. 1836, Feb 3.
1254. Mary M.,b. 1837, Feb. 22; m. 1857, Apr. 9,
Rev. John Irwin Brady.
1255. Daniel Webster, b. 1839, Feb. 17; m. 1865, Aug.
22, Sarah M. Hall, of Gallipolis, Ohio; d. 1870,
Jan. 22.
1256. Anna M., b. 1840, June 22.
1257. Simon Gilbert, b. 1842, Mar. 3 ; m. 1864, Dec.
3, Anna A. Robinson, of Noble Co., Ohio.
1258. Ephraim Quincy, b. 1843, Apr. 9; d. 1850,
May 5.
1259. Benjamin, b. 1845, July 18; d. 1845, Oct. 20.
1260. Lydia C., b. 1846, Sept. 24; m. 1868, Elisha F.
Morrison, of Chillicothe, Ohio.
774
DANIEL 7 GOULD, son of Benjamin 6 , m. 1. 1831,
Apr. 5, Annie L. [d. 1848, Oct. 20], dau. of
Judge John Sharp, of Marietta, Ohio; 2. 1851,
June, Mrs. Jane Hartford. He resided in Salem,
Washington Co., Ohio, where he was, for a num-
ber of years before his death, a ruling elder in
the Presbyterian Church. Children by his first
wife, Annie :
1261. Mary Elizabeth, b. 1832, Apr. 27 ; m. 1853, Mar.
15, Philander Alden.
1262. Jerusha Louisa, b. 1833, Sept. 5 ; d. 1851, Sept. 5.
1263. Jonas Moore, b. 1836, Jan. 22.
1264. Julia Lucretia, b. 1836, Jan. 22; m. 1857, Mar.
15, Henry G. Parker.
217
i
1265. Esther Anna, b. 1837, July 8.
1266. Edwin Chipman, b. 1838, July 25; d. 1843,
Oct. 7.
1267. James Willis, b. 1840, June 10; d. 1843, Oct. 11.
1268. Eliza Arvilla, b. 1842, Feb. 2; m. 1863, Jan. 1,
James Ritebey.
1269. William Luther, b. 1844, June 23 ; d. while serv-
ing in the army, at Suminersville, Va., in 1862.
1270. Margaret Sophie, b. 1846, Sept. 3 ; d. in infancy.
824
ELIAS T E. GOULD, son of Asa 6 , m. 1854, Jan. 1,
Amanda E. Scott [b. 1835, Oct. 20]. Chil-
dren :
1271. Sadie L., b. 1856, Dec. 14.
1272. Lizzie E., b. 1858, Dec. 28.
1273. Ella M., b. 1861, May 6.
1274. Howard E., b. 1863, Nov. 8.
826
SMITH T A. GOULD, son of Asa 6 , m. 1. 1854, Mar.
18, Irene King [b. 1838, Nov. 3, d. 1856, June
7] ; 2. 1859, Jan. 20, Lucy B. King [b. 1818,
Sept. 22], the mother of his first wife. Died in
Iowa, 1870. Children by his second wife,
Lucy :
1275. Ei-win S., b. 1860, May 26.
1576. Eugene B., b. 1861, Sept. 9.
(D.) TRIBE OF ZACCHEUS.
837
Anos 7 GOULD, son of Amos 6 , m. 1. 1822, Lavina
Dodge, of Hamilton ; 2. Angeline, dau. of Col-
218
onel Paul Porter. Children by his first wife,
Lavina :
1277. Nathaniel, m. Sophronia Meldram.
1278. Mary Ann, m. Henry L. Eaton, in Maiden ; lives
in Wenhara.
842
SAMUEL 7 H. GOULD, son of Amos 6 , m. 1840, Nov.
26, Abigail S. Foster, of Wenham [b. 1820] ;
is a physician in Brewster. Children :
1279. John Edward, b. 1842, Oct. 2 ; d. 1847, Jan. 25.
1280. Charles E., b. 1849, July 9.
1281. George A., b. 1854, Feb. 25.
843
JOHN 7 J. GOULD, son of Amos 6 , m. Laura French of
Wenham, where he resides. Child :
1282. Amos, b. 1849, Sept; d. 1853, Aug. 11.
873
BENJAMIN 7 APTHORP GOULD, son of Benjamin 6 Ap-
thorp, m. 1861, Oct. 29, Mary Apthorp Quincy,
dau. of Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., of Boston, and
Mary Jane (Miller). Children :
1283. /Susan Morton Quincy, b. 1862, Aug. 26.
1284. Lucretia Goddard, b. 1864, Nov. 20.
1285. Alexandra Bache, b. 1868, Jan. 5.
1286. Benjamin Apthorp, b. 1870, Feb. 8.
880
Rurus 7 GOULD, son of Jedediah 6 , m. 1. Lucina P.
Martin; no issue; 2. wid. Milly Taft, by whom
he had two children, viz. :
1287. Adolphus, d. 1869.
219
1288. Lucina Putnam, m. Samuel Sibley, who was killed
at Ball's Bluff.
013
HUMPHREY 7 GOULD, son of Zaccheus 6 , m. 1854,
Sept. 24, S. Augusta Peabocly of Boxford, dau.
of Deal Oliver T. Peabody ; lived in Verden, 111.,
where he died, 156, Nov. 12. Child :
1289. Anna Lavina, b. 1855, Aug. 4 ; d. 1856, Mar. 26.
950
EMELiNE 7 , dau. of David 6 Gould, m. 1835, Dec. 30,
David PEARSALL [d. 1864, Jan. 5]. Children :
1290. Cordelia F., b. 1838, Jan. 5.
1291. Emeline A., b. 1842, Feb. 6; m. 1862, May 21,
Fletcher H. Marsh.
1292. David L., b. 1844, June 11 ; d. 1855, May 7.
1293. Mary G., b. 1846, Nov. 25; d. 1861, Dec. 13.
1294. Charles J., b. 1849, Feb. 1.
1295. Ida F., b. 1856, Apr. 3.
953
SHELDON 7 B. GOULD, son of Comfort 6 , m. 1842,
June 9, in Northbridge, Mass., Lucy D. [b.
1822, Feb. 13] ; second dau. of Samuel Peasley
of Stanstead, Canada East; has lived in Woon-
socket, R. I., Worcester, and Blackstone ; iiow
lives in Rockville, Ct. Children :
1296. Samuel, b. 1843, July 5 ; d. 1848, Mar. 2.
1297. Daughter, b. 1846, Nov. 3 ; d. the same day.
1298. Mary Frances, b. 1848, Nov. 4 ; m. 1867, Nov.
27, in Worcester, Moses H. Meutzer of Stowe
(Rockbottom), Mass.
1299. Emma L., b. 1850, June 18; d. 1857, Aug. 5.
220
1300. William 8., b. 1856, Sept. 6.
1301. Etta B., b. 1858, June 24.
1302. Martha W., b. 1861, Feb. 23.
1303. Cora T., b. 1863, Oct. 1.
955
EsENEZER 7 GOULD, of Northbridge, son of Comfort 6 ,
m. 1. 1846, Apr. 14, in Woonsocket, Abigail
Stratton [d. 1850, Mar. 27], dan. of Abel and
Clarissa Stevens, of Gardner, Mass. ; 2. 1850,
Sept. 19, her sister, Eliza Jane Stevens; lives in
Kockville, Ct. Child by first wife, Abigail S. :
1304. Charles E., b. 1847, June 21.
By his second wife, Eliza Jane :
1305. Abby Jane, b. 1851, June 10.
1306. Wm. Henry, b. 1852, Dec. 4.
958
PniLETUs 7 WOODRUFF GOULD, son of Comfort 6 , m.
1857, Clarinda Adams, of Worcester; lives at
Rockville, Conn. Children ;
1307. Emma J., b. ab. 1858.
1308. Frank, b. ab. 1859.
1309. Estelle, b. ab. 1860.
975
FREDERICK 7 LOCKWOOD GOULD, son of Ebenezer 6 ,
m. 1855, June 11, Lydia M. Luther, of Warren,
R. I. Children : '
1310. Charles Frederic, b. 1858, Sept. 20; d. 1868,
Dec. 20.
1311. Florins Estelle, b. 1865, Sept. 3.
1312. Wm. Henry, b. 1869, July 4.
221
977
EDWARD 7 NELSON GOULD, son of Ebenezer 6 , ru. Mar-
cena Levalley, in Providence. Children :
1313. Jennie T., b. 1859, Oct. 14; d. 1868.
1314. Emma H., b. 1861, Jan. 18.
1315. Anna A., b. 1863, Feb. 22; d. 1865.
1316. Edward N., b. 1865, Nov. 7.
(E.) TRIBE OF JOSEPH.
997
PORTER 7 IRWIN GOULD, of Middleton, son of Joseph 6 ,
m. 1859, Sept. 21, Mary Eliza Peabody. Chil-
dren :
1317. Willie Eugene, b. 1861, Nov. 3.
1318. Florence Etta, b. 1866, Jan. 15.
1003
HENRY 7 E. GOULD, son of Henry 6 , m. 1861, Jan. 1,
Sarah C. Mason [b. 1838, Aug. 11]. Chil-
dren :
1319. Frederic, b. 1864, Jan. 13 ; d. 1864, Jan. 15.
1320. Emma E., b. 1865, Nov. 7.
1013
HARRIET 7 MARIA, dau. of Emerson 6 Gould, m. 1859,
Nov. 17, James A. BANCROFT [b. 1834, June
23]. Children:
1321. Harvey Ames, b. 1864, Nov. 4.
1322. Addle Maria, b. 1867, Oct. 14.
PERKINS FAMILY OF IPSWICH.
COMMUNICATED BY GEORGE A. PERKINS.
THE New England Historical and Genealogical Regis-
ter, Vol. X, for July, 1856, contains a notice of the early
members of the several Perkins families of New Englmid,
and remarks upon the imperfect nature of the sketch,
desiring any additional facts or corrections ; and it is to
supply what is known from the most reliable sources (the
oldest records), that the following list of births, baptisms,
publishments, marriages and deaths in Ipswich is offered
for publication.
It is much to be regretted that the very first records
(from 1633 to the commencement of this list,) have, by
some accident, been destroyed. Another hiatus also exists
in the chain, from 1709 to 1732. These defects and
others which may exist in the following pages, it is to be
hoped will be supplied by future research.
Part of the records, from which this list has been tran-
scribed are to be found in the office of the Clerk of the
Courts of Essex County, but by far the largest portion is
from the town records of Ipswich ; the latter contain the
births with the names of both parents, while the former
give only that of the father.
The list, from both sources, was copied by the late
Alfred Kimball, Esq., who was at that time Town Clerk
of Ipswich and also employed in the Clerk of Courts'
Office. His attestation is a sufficient guarantee for its
accuracy.
(222)
223
Extracts from the records of Births, Baptisms, Pub-
lishments, Marriages and Deaths in the Town of
Ipswich, Mass., of the name of Perkins.
BIRTHS.
Mary, daughter of Jacob Perkins, borne May 14th, 1G58.
Jacob, sonn of Jacob Perkins, borne February, 1662.
Hannah, daughter of Abraham Perkins, borne March 7th, 1662.
Mathevv, sonn of Jacob Perkins, borne June 23d, 1665.
Abraham, sonn of Abraham Perkins, borne August 15, 16(i5.
John, sonn of Abraham Perkins, borne February 25th, 1C67.
John, sonn of Jacob Perkins, jr., was borne Jan'ry 31st, 1668.
Phillip, daughter of Jacob, was borne January, 1669.
Phillip, daughter of Jacob, jun'r, borne Nov. 28th, 1670.
Hannah, daughter of Jacob Perkins, borne November llth, 1670.
John, sonn of Isaack Perkins was borne July 1st, 1670.
Abraham, soun of Isaack, was borne Sept. 15th, 1671.
Francis, sonn of Jacob Perkins, borne Dec'r 18th, 1672.
Beamsley, sonn of Abraham Perkins, borne Aprill 7th, 1673.
Hannah, daughter of Isaack Perkins, borne Jan'y 31, 1673.
Wesley, sonn of Jacob, jun'r, was borne March 13th , 1674.
Joseph, sonn of Sarg't Jacob Perkins, borne June 21st, 1674.
Isaack, sonn of Isaac Perkins was borne May 23d, 1676.
John, sonn of Abraham & Hannah Perkins, borne Aug't 28th, 1C76.
Recorded by order of Mrs. Hannah Perkins.
Sarah, daughter of Jacob Perkins, jr., borne May 18th, 1677.
Juvis, sonn of Sarg't Jacob Perkins, borne May 15th, 1677.
Jacob, sonn of Isaack Perkins, was borne Novembar 9th, 1678.
Samuel, sonn of Samuel Perkins, borne Novembar 26th, 16 .
Elisabeth, daughter of Isaack Perkins, borne May 29th, 1681.
Mehitable, daughter of Jacob, jun'r, borne July 12th, 1681.
Ebenezer, sonn of Samuel Perkins, borne February 3d, 1681.
Stephen, son of Mr. Abraham and Hannah Perkins, borne June 1683.
Sarah, daughter to Isaack and Hauah Perkins, borne March 28, 1685.
Nathaniel, son to Nathaniel and Judith Perkins, borne March 31, 1685.
Elisabeth, daughter to Samuell and Hannah Perkins, borne Jime
13, 1685.
Abraham, son Abraham and Hannah Perkins, borne Dec'r 22, 1685.
Jacob, son to Jacob and Elisabeth Perkins, borne Feb'r. 15, 1685.
Mary, daughter to Jacob and Sarah Perkins, was born Aug't 2d, 1685.
224
John, son to Jacob and Elizabeth Perkins, borne Sept. ye 2 (torn off)
[1687],
Mary, daughter to Isaac Perkins of Chebacco, borne March 27, 1687.
Elizabeth, daughter to Jacob and Sarah Perkins, was borne May the
8th, 1687.
Ester, daughter to Mathew and Esther Perkins, born July 17, 1690.
Jacob, the son of Jacob and Sarah Perkins, born Jan. 3d, 1690.
Eunice, daughter of Jacob and Sarah Perkins, was born March 14th,
1691.
Elizabeth, daughter to Jacob and Elizabeth Perkins, borne March 18th,
1690. [1690-1].
John, son to Sam'll and Hanah Perkins, born May 12, 1692.
John, son to Luke and Sarah Perkins, born May ye 14th, 1693.
John, the son of Jacob and Sarah Perkins, was born Oct. 17th, 1693.
Sarah, daughter to Luke and Sarah Perkins, was born ye twenty-
second day of January, ano Domi 1694-5.
Joseph, son to Mathew and Esther Perkins, was borne June 15th, 1695.
Jemima Perkins, daug. of Nathan'll Perkins, born June 29th, 1686.
Mary, daughter to Matthew and Ester Perkins, born Decemb'r 3, 1696.
Sarah, daughter to Jacob and Sarah Perkins, Taylor, born Dec'r 26, '96.
Mary, daug'r to Jacob and Sarah Perkins, born Nov. 26, '98.
Hannah, daug'r to Jacob and Sarah Perkins, born July 24, 1701.
Hannah, daug'r to Mr. John and Mary Perkins, born June 9, 1699.
John, son to Mr. Jno. and Mary Perkins, born Jan'r. 23, 1700.
Sons born to Corp'l Jacob Perkins, seni. and Sarah, his wife .
Eobert Perkins, born Octob'r 21, 1695.
Westly Perkins, born Decem'r 3d, 1697.
Joseph Perkins, born Octob'r 9, 1699.
Jeremiah Perkins, born Decem'r 1, 1701.
William, son to Mr. John and Mary Perkins, born June 25, 1702.
Eliza, daugh. to Ltt. Matthew and Esther Perkins, born 27, 8, 1702.
Hannah, Da. of Cpt. Beamsley and Hannah Perkins, born 22, 2, 1707.
Martha, Da. of Beamsley and Hannah Perkins, born 3, 1, 1709.
Francis, son of Jacob and Susanna Perkins, born May 5th, 1732.
James, son of James and Margaret Perkins, born Feb'ry It, 1733.
Lucy, daug'r of James & Margaret Perkins, of Cheba., born Dec. 27,
1735.
Anna, daugh'r of Nath'l & Anne Perkins, born July 10, 1738.
Sarah, daugt. of Jeremy Perkins, born Aprill 28, 1750.
225
BAPTISMS.
Sarah, da. to Beamsley and Hana. Perkins, bap'd Aug. 12, 1703.
Judith, da. to Jacob and Sarah Perkins, bapt'd. Nov. 4, 1705.
Stephen, son of Stephen and Mary Perkins, 27, 3, 1711.
Hannah, Da. of Capt. Nath'll and Esther Perkins, 26, 6, 1711.
John, son of Matthew and Martha Perkins, 23 March, 1712.
Joseph, son of Abram and Esther Perkins, 17, 6, 1712.
Lucy, daug'r of Capt. Beamsley and Hannah Perkins, 9, 9, 1712.
Elizabeth, Da. of Stephen and Mary Perkins, 18,8, 1713.
Hannah, Da. of Matthew and Martha Perkins, 20, 10, 1713.
Nathan'll, son of Abram and Ester Perkins, 3, 11, 1713.
Jacob, son of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, May 8, 1715.
Joua. sou of Matthew and Martha Perkins, Sept. 11, 1715.
Francis, son of Steph. and Mary Perkins, Jan. 8, 1715.
Abram, son of Abram and Ester Perkins, 15, 5, 1716.
Sarah, Da. of Matthew and Martha Perkins, 3, 12, 1716.
Francis, son of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, July 28, 1717.
Eliza., Da. to Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, Oct. 26, 1718.
Sarah, Da. to Jno. and Eliza. Perkins, 8/12, 1718.
Jeremiah, son of Robert and Eliza. Perkins, 20, 7, 1719.
Lucy, daughter of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, baptized ye 16th of Octob'r,
1720.
Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Eliza. Perkins, baptiz'd ye 27 Nov'r,
1720.
Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth Perkins, baptiz'd ye llth
June, 1721.
Esther, daughter of Matthew and Mary Perkins, baptz'd 24th of Xbr.,
1721.
Mary, daughter of Robert and Eliza. Perkins, baptzd ye 10th of March,
1722-3.
Ruth, daughter of Matthew and Mary Perkins, baptized Ang't31, 1723.
John, son of John and Elizabeth Perkins, baptzd 13th Oct., 1723.
Francis, son of Jacob and Elizabeth Perkins, baptzd June 28, 1724.
Matthew, son of Matthew Perkins, junr. and Mary, baptzd May 30,
1725.
Eunice, daughter of John and Eliza. Perkins, bapt'd April 10th, 1726.
Hannah, dau. of Dr. William and Hannah Perkins, bapt'd July 10, 1726.
Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Perkins, baptzd Aug. 14th,
1726.
Elisha, son of Elisha and Abigail Perkins, b;vpd. May 28th, 1727.
Lucy, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Perkins, bapd. Augt. 12th, 1727.
John, sou of Matthew Perkins, junr. and Mary, bapd. Novr. 19th, 1727.
15
226
Abigail, daughter of Westly and Abigail Perkins, bapd. Novr. 1 9th, 1727.
Mrs. Margaret Perkins was baptized July the 21st, 1728.
William, son of Dr. William and Hannah Perkins, bapd. Aug. 4, 1728.
Lucy, daughter of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, baptized Aug't. 25th, 1728.
Robert, son of John and Elizabeth Perkins, baptized Aug't. 25th, 1728.
Hannah, daugh'rof John and Elizabeth Perkins, bap'd April 12th, 1730.
Eliza., daugh'rof Joseph and Elizabeth Perkins, bap'd June 7th, 1730.
Brewer, son of Matthew Perkins, jun'r and Mary, bapd. June 7th, 1730.
Joseph, sou of Joseph mid Elizabeth Perkins, baptzd Sept. 5th, 1731.
Daniel, son of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, baptzd. Sept'r 19th, 1731.
[Torn off], tephen, son of Matthew Perkins, juu'r and Mary, bap'd
Jau'ry 23d, 1731.
Zerobbabel, son of John and Elizabeth Perkins, bap'd Feb'ry 13th,
1731.
Jeremiah, son of Jerem. and Joanna Perkins, bap'd Apr'l It, 1733.
Jonathan, son of Joseph and Eliza. Perkins, bap'd Oct. 28, 1733.
Anna, daugh. of John and Eliza. Perkins, bap'd Feb'ry 10th, 1733.
Mary, daug'r of Mr. Jacob and Mary Perkins, bap'd Dec. 29th, 1734.
Abraham, son of Matthew Perkins, jun'r & Mary, bap'd Apr'] 6, 1735.
Nathanael, son of Nathan & Eliza. Perkins, bap'd April 6, 1735.
Daniel, son of Jeremiah and Joanna Perkins, bap'd Aug. 24, 1735.
Mary, daug'r of John & Eliza. Perkins, baptzd Oct. 26, 1735.
Beamsly, son of Nathan & Eliza. Perkins, bap'd Xbr. 5, 1736.
Stephen, son of Matthew Perkins & Mary, bap'd Xbr. 5, 1736.
Abigail, daugh'r of Elisha and Abigail Perkins, bapt'd Feb'ry 8th,
1735.
Mehitabel, daugh'r of Mr. Jacob Perkins and Mary, bap'd Feb'ry 20th,
1735.
James, son of Joseph and Eliza. Perkins, bapt'd May 23d, 1736.
Isaac, son of Joseph and Eliza. Perkins, bapt'd Oct. 29th, 1738.
Daniel, son of Jeremiah and Joanna Perkins, bap'd Jan'ry 14, 1738.
Eunice, daugh'r of Mr. Jacob Perkins & Mary, bapt'd Apl. 22, 1739.
Eunice, daug'r of John Perkins, bap'd Oct. 14th, 1739.
Eliza., daug'r of Nath'll & Anna Perkins, bap'd Dec'r 2d, 1739.
Wm., son of Jacob Perkins, jun'r & Mary, his wife, bap'd Decb. 28th,
1740.
John, son of Joseph Perkins, bap'd May 10th, 1741.
Joanna, daug'r of Jeremy Perkins, bap'd Jan. 22d, born 20th, 1741.
Mary, daug'r of Nath'll & Ann Perkins, bap't March 14th, 1741.
Sarah, daug'r of Jacob Perkins, yt mard. Dresser, bap'd Sept. 5th,
1742.
Susanna, daug'r of Joseph & Eliza. Perkins, bap'd Sept. llth, 1743.
Nath'll, son of Nath'll & Ann Perkins, bap'd Ap'l 15th, 1744.
Ester, daugt. of Nath'll & Ann Perkins, bap'd Aug't 4th, 1745.
227
Ephraim, son of Joseph & Elizabeth Perkins, bap'd Nov. 19th, 1746.
Martha, daught. of Jeremy & Perkins, bap'd Feb'y 1st, 1746.
Abra., son of Nath'll & Ann Perkins, bap'd June 14th, 1747.
Samuel, son of Jacob Perkins, bap'd May 7th, 1748.
Francis, son of Francis & Martha Perkins, bap'd Sept. 4th, 1748.
Abigail, daugt. of Nath'l & Ann Perkins, bap'd Jan'ry loth, 1748.
Abigail, daugt. of Nath'll & Ann Perkins, bap'd March 18th, 1749.
William, son of Will'm & Eliza. Perkins, bap'd, Sept. 9th, 1750.
Sarah, daugt. of Nathl. & Anne Perkins, bapd. Decb. 1st, 1751.
Nathl., son of William & Eliza. Perkins, bapd. Augt. 2d, 1752.
Jeremiah, son of Jeremiah Perkins, bapd. Jannary 7th, 1753.
John, son of Robert & Elizabeth Perkins, bapd. Aprill 7th, 1754.
Elizabeth, daugt. of William & Elizabeth Perkins, bapd. June 2d, 1754.
Lucy, daugt. of Nathaniel Perkins, bapd. May 25th, 1755.
Elizabeth, daugt. of Robert & Eliza. Perkins, bapt. June 1st, 1755.
Hannah, daugt. of William & Eliza. Perkins, bapd. Augt. 24th, 1755.
Nathaniel, sou of William & Eliza. Perkins, bapd. Jan'y 30th, 1757.
Joseph, sou of Nathl. & Ann Perkins, bapd. July 24th, 1757.
Mary, daugt. of Nathl. Perkins, jur. & Mary, bapd. March 26th, 1758.
Hannah, daugt. of William & Elizabeth Perkins, bapd. Augt. 27, 1758.
Martha, daugt. of Francis & Martha Perkins, bapd. Oct. 22d, 1758.
Sarah, daugt. of Robert & Lucy Perkins, bapd. Apl. 27th, 1760.
Stephen, son of Nathl. Perkins, bapd. March 1st, 1761.
PUBLISHMENTS.
Mr. Olivar Appleton, published to Sarah Perkins, of Topsfield, Novem'r
16, 1701.
Steph. Perkins, pubh'd to Mary Eveleth, July 13, 1706.
Abraham Perkins pub'd to Esther Perkins of Ips., Jan'y 10th, 1707-8.
Will'm Leatherland, pub'd. to Eliza Perkins, Ips., Oct. 23, 1708.
Matthew Perkins pub'd to Martha Rogers, May 14, 1709.
Robert Quarles, p'd. Ips., to Mary Perkins, Wenh., July 9, 1709.
Jona. Burnam p'd. to Mary Perkins, Ip., Mar. 17, 1710.
David Burnam pub'd to Eliza. Perkins, 28, 2, 1711.
John Perkins pub'd to Annar Perkins, Wenh., 12, 11, 1711.
Jacob Perkins to Eliza Kinsman, March 6, 1713.
Ebeuez'r Smith pub. to Mary Perkins, Octo'r 19, 1714.
John Leighton and Sarah Perkins, 4, 10, 1714.
Robert Choate to Unice Perkins, Jan. 7, 1715.
Joseph Burnam to Judith Perkins, 5, 3, 1716.
Benja. Gilbert to Esther Perkins, Wenha., 26, 5, 1716.
John Marshall to Sarah Perkins, Sep'r 18, 1716.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
NOTICES OF THE ANCESTRY OF MRS.
SUSANNAH INGERSOLL.
THESE notices of the ancestry of Mrs. Susannah Inger-
soll were taken from a sermon delivered by Rev. William
Bentley, of the East Church, Salem, on the occasion of
her death in 1811.
This sermon (in manuscript), was presented to the In-
stitute by John Chapman, Esq., of Salem.
Mrs. Susannah Ingersoll died at Salem, Friday evening,
December 6, 1811, aged 65. Her father, John Hathorne,
was a lineal descendant of Major William Hathorne, a
man of note in the colonial period. Her mother was
Susanna Touzell, a granddaughter of Philip English and
a descendant of Richard Hollingsworth. Her husband,
Capt. Samuel Ingersoll, died July 18, 1804, aged 60.
See vol. I, page 156, of Historical Collections of Essex
Institute for a notice of the Ingersoll Family.
TEXT. Lam. of Jeremiah, ii, 13. "What thing shall I take to
witness for thee? What thing shall I liken to thee, O daughter of
Jerusalem? What shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O
virgin daughter of Zion? for thy breach is great like the sea, who can
heal thee ?
"Susanna Ingersoll, lately deceased, is descended from
one of the first families of the settlement in Salem, and
died possessed of a greater portion of the primitive pos-
sessions than ever had fallen to the portion of any person
(228)
229
belonging to the present generation. We cannot refuse,
then, so just an opportunity to look back upon our settle-
ment, as our Prophet would upon his ancient city, and
see the progress of its greatness, while we lament the
changes which time must ever bring upon all human
affairs."
"When -Salem was first settled, among the first inhabi-
tants was reckoned Richard Hollingsworth, who married
Sarah Woodberry. They had a son William with them,
who married Eleanor Story. From some fond engage-
ment she followed her lover into America, as she could
not consummate her marriage vow with the consent of an
aunt to whom her education had been entrusted. Upon
her arrival some ceremonies were forgotten which she
conceived due from her friend, and recollecting the wishes
of her aunt, she gave herself to William, who was soon
attracted by her person, her accomplishments and her
character, adapted to the ambition of his own mind. We
soon find them distinguished by the activity of his mind,
and by the generous concurrence of her virtues, and
her wealth ; while he had all the diligence of the mer-
chant, she had all the manners of her education and never
suffered herself to appear abroad without her servants.
This was something beyond the manners of the second
generation, but not beyond those of the first, who could
retain their servants in their duty, when they could pro-
vide for themselves. The posterity, however, remem-
bered that the aunt received from Charles II or the Isle
of Jersey, a medallion, which was transmitted as a testi-
mony of returning affection and respect, and was long
kept in the family in memory of these events and as a
pledge of affection. The daughter Susanna lost her hus-
band while in pursuit of his lands in Virginia by the
Indians, and Richard, after being wounded in a duel,
230
returned and died at home, and his gravestones are still
standing. As early as 1635, Mr. Hollingsworth had an
exchange of lands Avith the settlers ; and he had claims upon
Winter Island, and that portion of the neck upon which
Col. Hathorue, one of his descendants, now dwells. He
was the first who had a convenient landing place in Sum-
mer Harbour, now the harbour of Salem, and it is thus
described to us. Beyond the projecting rock at the west-
ern part of the point of rocks was a stone causeway
twenty feet from the bald rock, which was then connected
with the upland, though the earth be now gone from the
bank beyond it. Above it was the largest store in Salem
and the house of entertainment below upon the causeway
of Winter Island, was continued under his influence with
the ferries. * * * The roads were direct from this
ferry to Hollingsworth and to the inn upon Winter Island.
In this time the settlement at Point of Rocks had attracted
many persons who built at that place, and the families of
Herbert, Striker, Punchard, Waters and others remained
at this place, then called Waters' farm, since the memory
of persons with whom I have had conversation upon the
subject. The Father Hollingsworth deceased in 1656 and
the son succeeded to his business and possessions, and it
will not be deemed impertinent by any reasonable persons
to exhibit a list of the possessions which came by inher-
itance to Mr. Philip English, who married Mary, the
daughter of AVilliam, and the only heir to the family estate.
She was born in the house belonging to William Hollings-
worth, where the Crowninshield Wharf buildings are ;
he removed from Point of Rocks, now so called, and here
her father lived. This house was known afterwards by
the name of the Blue Anchor, having been appropriated
for an Innholder in 1681, and four years before the
English house was built, which is now standing at the
231
northern entrance of the neck. It was found incon-
venient as business and the settlements continued to move
westward to confine the Innkeeper to "Winter Island, and
two houses were opened besides three victualling houses.
But the old Inn upon the neck continued till the dispute
between the Cottagers and Commoners was settled, and
Mr. Crew was the last Innholder before the house was
taken down. William Hollingsworth when he died in
1686 had his large Mansion House on the land between
the Common and Essex Street, then called the Great
Street to the neck, and opposite to Turner and Becket
lanes, as they were then called, though since enriched by
valuable settlements. It was here he received the visit
of Gov. Endicott just before that patriarch left our hum-
ble world. Madam Eleanor Hollingsworth died here in
the year 1690, and was cried out upon in 1692, when it
was observed in Court she had been dead two years. The
following houses were in the possession of Mr. English
when he died. Two houses upon the point of rocks
belonging to the family of Hollingsworth, with a great
store on the southwest corner, taken down soon after his
decease ; the large house called the Blue Anchor belong-
ing to Hollingsworth ; the house adjoining the Blue
Anchor called Deyse's ; a house opposite to the Blue
Anchor called Allen's; the Mansion House which he built
in 1685 now standing, though deprived of its ornaments,
which were rich and numerous and in the highly Gothic
style ; Hollingsworth's land and house and store oppo-
site to Turner's street ; a house bounding on the above,
called Gale's ; two houses on the corner going to the
bridge on the left ; a house opposite to the eastern end of
Daniels' lane, now street, going eastward ; a house where
the Church of England now stands, taken down when Mr.
English gave the land upon which the church is now
232
erected, for that purpose ; the house where the Hathornes
now live, called Minzey's, not fur from the New South
Meeting House. Besides these he had three stores on his
wharf, which with the wharf have entirely decayed, but
have given place to the best wharf we have in Salem,
by a family who have succeeded to the enterprise raised
and reputation of this ancient family."*
"Mr. English entered into mercantile employments upon
his first coming to Salem in 1666. He had twenty sail of
vessels in his service at one time, such as were employed
at that time in the fishery, coasting trades and foreign
voyages, and such were the talents of his wife that
when absent he could leave all his business in her hands,
fully persuaded that she was fully adequate to the sole
trust. How unhappy was it that her superior talents
should, in an ignorant age and from her deluded neigh-
bors, have obtained her an imputation which humbled her
spirits, exposed her to the worst treatment, subjected
her to long confinement in prison, obliged her to flee
for protection to Boston, and then to New York. It
is true the ignorant and stupid fanatics soon saw their
delusion. In their oppressive wants of the next winter,
they were fed by her charity, and solicited in the most
earnest manner her return. It is true they did confess
their delusion, and the part they had taken in it. But to
return, and find her house plundered, and the lowest
indignities offered to her property of every name ; her
enclosures destroyed and a wanton waste made of her
dearest concerns, this was too much for her innocence, and
* See Vol. viii, page 18, of the HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE The Petition of Philip English to the General
Court of Massachusetts for the removal of the attainder and compen-
sation of damages sustained for prosecution during the witchcraft
excitement in 1G92.
233
she might well be willing to resign a life which could be
exposed to so much fanaticism, and what always accom-
panies such horrid wickedness."
"Mr. English was punished more from his warm defence
of his wife than from any charges which vile fanaticism
could make against him. Because he would not impeach
the wife of his bosom whom he knew to be innocent,
because he would not abandon one whom of all women
he ought to love, because he would not leave a tender
wife to all the cruelties of a prison, crowded in with the
worst of our race, without daily and earnest visits, he was
clamored against as a man not fit to live. And because
no law could reprehend him for what he had done, at once
the vile fanaticism invented the delusive plea that he was
employed by the Devil, and ought not to be suffered to
live. He was then conveyed to prison. In one day
these monsters of iniquity, but the same as fanatics of
every age, plundered his houses, his vessels, his fields,
and destroyed what they could not turn to their own profit
and use. Such is the havoc fanaticism ever has made and
ever will make in our world, and the denunciations of the
same spirit show that our own age is not free from the same
Devil, were he not bound hand and foot by the chains of
the law, and held down by the powerful voice of our
more enlightened citizens, but he is the same Devil still.
Chains hold but do Hot convert him."
"The only charge we can trace against Madam English
must have arisen from her great ability in mercantile tran-
sactions, a thing then unknown, because seldom trusted
to female character, but alleged by her active mind, the
confidence of her husband, and his necessary absence by
his affairs in Virginia. Having been educated by her
mother in the highest sense of European distinction, and
having never had occasion by the wants of life to mingle
234
with the world, she had a more reserved deportment than
agreed with the wishes of gossiping people. But to the
honour of all who knew her, they were not found among
her accusers; no person inhabiting this part of Salem,
now called the town could be enticed to act so ungenerous
a part, whatever they might do when the outcry was made.
We are happy in this recollection. The outcry was from
those ignorant people who visited the town from the farms
and were astonished to find one of their sex, powerful in
numbers, capable of all the letters, and transactions of
business, and with a ready remembrance of all the persons
with whom she had dealings, and in all their arts and
shifts by which they could gain advantages over each
other, while they could never escape her penetration, or
pass any delusions upon her in the absence of her hus-
band. It was from these persons she received these
wounds which the virtuous in all ages have received from
the weak, the wicked, and the superstitious. It was from
this virtuous but injured woman our friend was descended.
It was from such able merchants she had received those
claims of respect for her family men who first began
the commerce of Salem, men who erected the proudest
buildings for your store-houses, men who first planted the
wharves at which your vessels could lay with safety, and
the first in this part of America."
"Nor is she less honorable in her female ancestors. M.
Story saw a king in the house in which she was educated.
But she possessed more than the favour of kings, the best
gifts which God has designed for woman, to be the orna-
ment of her family, the honour of her husband, and the
best example to her children. To find wealth allied to
virtue, and to live blessed among the good, and by
heaven preserved from the hands of the wicked."
GLEANINGS FROM THE FILES OF THE COURT OF
GENERAL SESSIONS OF THE PEACE.
COMMUNICATED BY JAMES KIMBALL.
ISTo. 2.
1697. William Baker, Glover.
vs.
Charles Attwood, his apprentice.
Concluded from page 80.
I Thomas Louell Ju r : aged about : 48 : years do testify,
That I having lately seen that writen Indenture
made between William Baker the Master, and Charles
Attwood the Apprentice, with the consent of his Father
Thomas Attwood, late of Ipswich, Deceased, which beareth
Date the Eleventh Day of April : 1687, wherein the Term
of time is thus Expressed, viz, For the Term of Time
begin ing from y e Day aboue writen Untill the fift Day of
Maich, which will be in the Year of our Lord: 1690,
thirteen years by Computation, wanting onely the time
from the fift Day of March last past till the day aboue
writen, then to be Compleated, Expired, and fully ended.
Which Indenture is said to be writen by me ; I say, it
being now full ten years since, it cannot be Expected that
I can now give so full & clear an account of all Circum-
stances relating therevnto, as I could at y e time when y e
said Indentures were writen ; But what I can remember
relating thereunto, is as followeth, viz, I doe certainly
remember, y l the aforesaid Attwood did speak to me
to write Indentures, conserning his sou Charles, being
bound to William Baker to learne y e trades of a Glover,
and White-Leather-Dresser ; and conserning the Term of
Time, y e said Thorn : Attwood then gave me this account
to be writen in y e said Indentures, viz, Thirteen full
Years, which then was Calculated to end & be expired in
the year of our Lord : 1699, for that y e said Tho : Att-
wood did then say, that his son Charles having lived with
y e said Will : Baker vpon liking from y e fift day of
(235)
236
March y l then was last past (nothing then was accounted in
y e year 1686) till y e time he spake to me to write the
said Indentures (which appeared to be written y e eleventh
day of April : 1687), which time, said He, is a part of y e
said thirteen years, which compleated y e whole term in
1699. And I am sure, that my Intent then was to write
in y e Indentures according to y e acount said Tho : Att-
wood then gave to write by, however it came to pass that
y e word [Nine] was omitted, without wch : [Nine] the
Term would be Contradictory to it self as it plainly ap-
pears in y e written Indenture, vnless y e reading y e term
thus viz, For the term of time beginiug from y e Day
above written vntill thirteen years by Computation ; want-
ing onely the time -since y e fift day of March last past till
y e day aboue written, then to be Compleated, expired &
fully ended (leaving the rest) be of itself a Sentence com-
pleat ; But I am sure, y* y e word [Nine] through my for-
getfullness was Omitted when y e Indenture was written
contrary to my intent, its likely it might be written by
Candle-Light in y e evening Hastily, & I had the occasion
never since till now y e contest about it, to have perused
it, to have espied y e said omission that seasonably & in
good time to have entered ye said omitted [Nine] for I
delivered the Indenture to neither Tho : Attwood or Wil-
liam Baker aforesaid ; But (as I was informed) they
came to y e house of my vsual aboad at a time when I was
there absent, receiving y e said Indentures from thence,
where they were Signed & Sealed in my absence vnbe-
known to me, as it appears by y e word Charles in y e said
written Indenture by an other Hand therin written and
the word [Nine] it seems then was not minded alsoe ; &
soe y e omission remained.
And thus I have written my Testimony, myself that I
know and was Informed of relating to y e said Indentures.
Further I the said Thomas Louell Ju r : do Testify,
That some time this Year 1697 the Widdow, of the
other side said Thomas Attwood being at y e house of my
aboad, had discourse together conserniug the other side
said Indentures, she telling me then words in this sense,
That when her husband had brought home the Indentures,
237
she saw the [Nine] omitted, and told her husband of it,
who told her, But y e boy s time is to be Thirteen years
and so he shall serve, if his Master do well by him, and
y e boy will stay with him; I then replyed words to her
in this sense, Then yoii know in your Conscience
that the nine was forgettfully omitted and that Charles
time is not out till the year 1099, she answered with
words in this sense, whatever was the Intent, that which
is writ must stand, and she had discoursed several vnder-
standing men about it, that said what was written must
stand for all my evidence to the contrary. But the Nine
is not contradictory, said I, but explanatory, which with-
out, is but Contradictory and Confusion. But the nine
makes the Indentures palpable and Intire in sense and
Reason.
The Records of the Court dispose of this case as fol-
lows :
ESSEX, SS.
This Court having viewed and considered said Inden-
tures, their Judgement is that the said apprentice is not
obliged to serve any longer by said Indenture.
The Complainant appeals
"W. Baker as Principle ^
Robert Lord & Nath Rust Jr > Recognised in
Sureties ) 10 to y e Party concerned.
The condition is that the said Baker shall prosecute
this complaint with effect at y e next assize and Generall
Gaol Delivery to be holden in this County.
It seems from the subjoined Papers in the further hear-
ing of this case that Baker intended to imprison Charles
Attwood and to keep him in Prison untill his appeal was
heard, for we find that he was rescued from the hands of
the Deputy Jailer, although there appears not to have
been any warrant against him unless he was committed by
order of his Master for safe keeping.
Att A Generall Session of the Peace holden at Ipswich,
March 29, 1698.
Thomas Attwood being complained of for rescuing his
238
brother Charles Attwoocl out of the hands of the Deputy
Jailer, was sett for trial.
The Jury find a special verdict, to wit, That if the
Deputy was legally qualified a deputy to serve the writ
committed to him upon Charles Attwood, Then Thomas
Attwood is Guilty, but if said Deputy was not so quali-
fied then they find him not Guilty.
Sureties recognize in 40 to appear at the iiext Ses-
sions at Salem.
At the June Term of the Court holden at Salem, June
28th, 1698.
The Court render their Judgment in the matter of
Thomas Pen-in, Deputy to John Harris, under Sheriffs,
against Thomas Attwood ; to wit.
"Judgement wheron was left for consideration till this
Court, which being considered by their judgement is that
said Perriii was not lawfully qualified and that said Thomas
Attwood be dissmist and the said Pen-in pay costs of Court."
Baker recognizes at the March term of the court in
1698, recognizes in 40 to prosecute his complaint against
Thomas Attwood at the next sessions, but as there is no
further record, the case was probably withdrawn by Baker
paying the costs.
COURT OF GENERAL SESSIONS.
SALEM, June 10th, 1701.
To Constable Sattfl Wakefield:
In his Majestie's name you are hereby required to take
Espetial Care to Informe Thomas Marston, Commander of
the Brigantine called the Yeorke, that the Authority heere
have provided the Howse y l was formerly ffrancis Muses
ueere Skerrys for himselfe & company to Repair unto, for
preventing the spreading of the Small pox where they
are to remaine till further ordered, hereof faile not.
Jos. WOLCOTT, ")
JEREMIAH NEALE, ( a , <? o i
PETER OSGOOD, f Selectmen of Salem.
EDWARD FFLINT, J
239
ENDORSED
CAPIAS AND EXECUTION.
vs.
THOS. MARSTON DOG, CHARGED WITH SMALL POX.
To Constable Samuel Wakefield:
We being informed that Thomas Marston's doge, is
come ashore whereby the people are Indangred of getting
the Small pox. for preventing wherof you are hereby
required in his Majestie's name Forthwith to kill, or cause
to be killed the said Doge & Secured under Ground or
otherwise, so as that the Danger may be prevented.
Hereof fail you not.
dated at Salem 10 June 1701.
JOHN HATHORNE, ) T .. ~ ,, ^
' } Justices of the Peace.
JOHN HIGGINSON, $
COPPT OF NOTE SENT TO MRS. MERCY MARSTON ABOUT HER
SETTING IN MRS. OSGOOD'S SEAT IN YE 2D PEW.
1714.
I am to Informe you y* the Wid. M rs . Mary Gedney,
Cap 1 . Osgood's wife, M r . Keysor's wife, Cap 1 . Willarcf's
wife, M r . Jn. Pickering's wife, M r . Tho. Flint's wife, are
Placed in the Second Pew, in the meeting House w th in
The first Parrish in Salem & whereas you have Remoued
M". Osgood's Chair & Seated yo-Self in her Place (3-011
your Self having never been placed In S d pew) you are
desired to refrain taking The Same place or any of the
places of the psons Aboue mentioned for the future, it
being 111 resented by all that observe the same & all psons
ought to observe order in all things & places, Especially
in the Church at the Publick Worship, w ch wee desire you
will take notice of & Conform your Self accordingly.
Per order of the Selectmen.
WALTER PRICE, Town Cler.
To Mrs. Mercy Marston, Jun'r.
Salem, Aprill 10th, 1714.
240
The following memorandum referring to the evacuation
of the town of Boston by the British Troops under Gene-
ral Howe, March 17th, 1770, was found upon the inside
cover of an account book kept by a resident of Boston,
and an active participator in the stirring events of that
period.
"Boston, June 14th, 1774. The 4th Regiment of Foot
landed.
June 15th. The 43d Regiment landed and encamped
on the common.
May 19th, 1775. I and my family left Boston for
Cambridge.
March 17th, 1776. George's Butchers left the Town
of Boston, and went on board the Transports, after plun-
dering the Town. The same day they sailed below the
Castle.
March 18th. I entered the Town.
19th. I came out again."
The writer of the above was a Prisoner of War in Mill
Prison, England, Oct. 13th, 1781, as entered upon the
covers of a Hymn Book given to him whilst in Prison.
(From the original bill in a scrap book.)
CAMP WINTER HILL, Aug. y e 5th, 1778.
The United States to Theoph 8 Bacheller Dr.
To y e ferriyes of eight men as a Guard to 9 British
Prisonirs over Charlestown ferry and the Guard back.
. s. d.
0. 9. 4.
Errors Ex.
rectd.
To Maj. Hopkins,
THEOPHILUS BACHELLER, Serg 1 .
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
ESSEX INSTITUTE.
VOL. XI. JANUARY, 1872. No. 4.
THE CLOSING HISTORY OF THE BRANCH OR
HOWARD STREET CHURCH IN SALEM.
BY C. C. BEAMAN.
THE Howard Street Church has passed away ; its large
ineeting-house and conspicuous steeple have been taken
down, and a city school-house has been erected on its
foundations, while the members who once belonged to the
church, and who still survive, have connected themselves
with other churches.
The removal of an old landmark, the termination of
the life of a Christian church, so long identified with the
history of so large and influential a city as Salem, may
well claim a brief record on the historic page. Having
read before the Institute some ten years ago a history of
this church from the commencement up to that time, I
propose to add a brief statement of what subsequently
occurred, down to the last days of its existence.
The last minister of this church, Rev. Charles C. Bea-
man, a native of Boston, and a graduate of Andover
16
242
Theological Seminary in the class of 1837, immediately
followed the Rev. Ephraim W. Allen, commencing his
ministry April 5th, 1857. He married Miss Mary Ann
Stacy of Wiscasset, Maine, July 10, 1839. At the time
of his coming to Salem, the church was in a very discour-
aged condition, and entertained serious thoughts of making
no further exertions to continue, some leaving to join
other churches in the city. Those who remained resolved
to make further triaL
A new impulse was soon after given to the cause of
temperance in Salem, by the addresses of Peter Sinclair,
Esq., of Scotland, at Mechanic Hall and Howard Street
Church, resulting in the formation of Bands of Hope
throughout the city, connected with the Sunday Schools
of all the Protestant churches. His labors were not con-
fined to the young, and very soon an adult temperance
society was organized, indirectly through the awakening
he had created, though other agents were directly em-
ployed.
On Monday evening, July 27, 1857, a large and highly
respectable meeting of some two hundred and fifty or
three hundred ladies and gentlemen was held at the
Howard Street chapel, on a call to consider the question
of forming a temperance society. After prayer by Rev.
Mr. Hoppin of Crombie Street Church, the meeting was
addressed by Mr. Samuel C. Knight, a reformed rum-
seller ; Mr. John Hawkins, the veteran Washingtonian
lecturer; Mr. Ball, city missionary, and several other
persons. At an adjourned meeting in the same place,
August 3, a society was formed, a constitution adopted,
and officers chosen. Several names were added to the
list of members, who had formerly been intemperate.
Meetings were henceforth held every week at the Howard
Street chapel for nearly two years, reformed men and
243
others taking part in the exercises. During this time
three hundred and two males and three hundred females
had signed the pledge of total abstinence. Many very
striking cases of reform took place, and in the meantime
the congregation worshipping in Howard Street Church
increased from the ranks of temperance, and the hopes
of permanent prosperity grew brighter.
To crown this success, a religious reformation joined in
with the temperance awakening, and spreading over the
city, refreshed many of the churches. Its beginning was
in the Howard Street chapel, in a week of prayer,
appointed by the church at a meeting convened for a pre-
paratory lecture, March 5, 1858. The temperance meet-
ings had been characterized by a fervent interest similar
to that witnessed in religious revivals ; and as a move-
ment to test the degree and character of this pervading
feeling in the city, the Howard Street Church resolved to
appoint a prayer meeting in their chapel every evening of
the following week, commencing on Monday evening,
March 8, to which the members of all other churches,
and all persons, were invited. Thexresponse to this call
was unexpectedly large, and developed great depth of
religious emotion. At the first meeting it was estimated
that two hundred persons were present, and an increase
followed on each successive assembling. Christians of
all denominations met, and there was a freedom and
union of spirit, a love and earnestness, in striking con-
trast with the constraint and separation, indifference and
formality, of preexisting manifestations. Proposals for
union were made by other churches, and the meetings on
tfte following week were held at the vestry of the Taber-
nacle Church, and from thence transferred successively to
the South and Crombie Street Churches. Many were
converted in all the societies, and additions made to
244
churches. During that year thirty hopeful conversions
took place in the Howard Street Church, nineteen of
whom united themselves with the church, and great hopes
were entertained of future prosperity.
The Howard Street Church and its pastor turned their
attention to the poor and neglected classes of the city ;
and having a very spacious church only partially occupied,
offered free sitting and even whole pews to such as would
occupy them, and succeeded in drawing many to the
sanctuary who would otherwise have absented themselves.
In the pursuance of this plan the society consented to
unite with the Seamen's Bethel in Herbert street, and for
some months Mr. Knight, the minister of that church,
and his people, worshipped in the Howard Street Church.
But the union was of little benefit- to either society, and
was soon abandoned.
About this time the prospects of the Howard Street
Church grew less favorable. The civil war operated to
depress hopes and diminish resources some became dis-
couraged and left, and the income from the rent of pews
was very small, and the aid of sister churches in pecuni-
ary donations was almost wholly withdrawn. No mem-
bers of the other Congregational churches in the city were
willing to join themselves to the feeble church in order
to save it from extinction, and the members were dimin-
ishing from death and removals. To the praise of those
who remained, none of whom were wealthy, be it said
that their exertions were untiring to sustain and perpetu-
ate the organization, and especially the sisters of the
church, already burdened with family cares and labors
and some of them with the addition of ill health, fey
"fairs" and " sewing circles " they labored to raise money
to support the Gospel preaching among them ; and very
generously and nobly did the citizens of Salem of every
245
name come to their assistance, but they could not always
hold out to labor.
Under these circumstances the pastor, from personal
and other considerations, felt it to be his duty to resign
and leave his people, though to do so seemed to imperil
the existence of the church. To show the love and har-
mony and good understanding existing between the pastor
and the people, it may not be improper to give a few
extracts from his letter of resignation, read to his people
from the pulpit on Sabbath afternoon, October 2d, 1864,
at the time he preached his farewell discourse in the close
of his ministry among them of seven and one-half years.
He says :
"The time has arrived when the indications of Provi-
dence seem to point out my duty to close my pastoral
labors among you. I have for some time been thinking
that such a time was approaching. It is a great satisfac-
tion to me, and I doubt not to you, also, that the sacred
and endeared relation between us has been uniformly
pleasant and harmonious, and that no diminution of affec-
tion and confidence occasions our separation. The seven
and a half years that I have been with you have been
among the happiest of my life, and not without some
precious results in the conversion of souls and the growth
of Christian graces.
We have thought at times that our church was about to
be raised to a prosperous condition as regards numbers,
pecuniary independence and spirituality ; but we have
encountered many disappointments, and it seems to have
been God's purpose to keep us humble and make us feel
our dependence. The withdrawals of church members to
other communions in the city, the removals to other
places, and the departures by death, with the continuance
of the civil war to weaken us, have gradually brought us
lower and lower, and we have not been receiving members
by letter or profession to counterbalance our losses.
It is with emotions of tender interest that I relinquish
246
my position as your under shepherd, and take my leave of
you ; and be assured that I shall ever cherish the memory
of our intercourse, the remembrance of your kindnesses,
and invariable support. My warm welcomes at your
homes and your visits to my family, and your constant
attendance on the appointed religious meetings under so
many discouragements, the support of your prayers, and
your self-denying labors in the fairs which have been held
by our society, are indelibly impressed upon my heart,
and I shall never cease to pray for God's blessing to rest
upon you and upon yours."
The church and society accepted the resignation and
passed votes of thanks and commendation. No serious
attempt was made to continue the operations of the soci-
ety. The meeting-house was leased for a year or two to
the New Jerusalem or Swedenborg Church, but in the
early part of the year 1867 a bill on request of some of
the pew holders was passed by the legislature of the State
to authorize James Kimball, Allen W. Dodge and Benja-
min C. Perkins to dispose of the meeting-house and ves-
try, and apply the proceeds to the payment of the debts
of the society, and of the necessary expenses incurred,
and if any portion remained, to be distributed among the
pew owners in proportion to the appraised value of the
pews. This bill passed the Senate, April 29th, 1867,
the House of Representatives May 3, 1867, and the gov-
ernor approved it May 9, 1867. .
The house and vestry were sold at auction soon after,
and the debts were paid. The church appointed a com-
mittee to give letters of dismissal to other churches, and
thus terminated the life of the church.
The history of the Branch, or Howard Street Church
thus concludes. It passed through many changes since
its organization, December 19, 1803, and the dedication
of their meeting-house, February 6, 1805. Besides
247
those who have regularly ministered to this church, a
large number of highly influential and able ministers have
occasionally occupied the pulpit. Judge Story delivered
his eulogy on Lawrence arid Ludlow to a crowded house,
assembled Aug. 23, 1813. The voice of prayer and the
hymns of praise have here ascended unto God. Baptism
and the Lord's Supper have been administered. The
cloud symbolical of the divine presence has often filled
the place.
At the dedication of the house, Mr. Spaulding checked
the exultation by solemnly calling upon them, "Arise
ye, this is not your rest ;" and how many who heard him
have arisen to the mansions above !
Oh, how many sacred memories gather about a church
edifice which for threescore years has been a place for
Christian worship ! Who can tell all the rich experiences
of faith ; all the sorrows of penitence ; all the delights
of love ; all the comforts of Christian fellowship ; all the
joys of Divine communion, and the anticipated bliss of
heaven ? It is written above in reference to such places ;
"This and that man were born there into a hope of ever-
lasting life."
APPENDIX.
The following brief history of the proceedings attend-
ing the dissolution of the Howard Street Church Corpo-
ration and the final settlement of its affairs will not be
inappropriate to be inserted at the close of the preceding
article by Mr. Beaman. J. K.
On the petition of Benjamin A. Gray, et al., proprie-
tors of the Howard Street Corporation to the General
Court of Massachusetts, an act was passed in 1867,
Chap. 54, appointing Benjamin C. Perkins of -Peabody,
248
Allen W. Dodge of Hamilton and James Kimball, of
Salem, as Commissioners, with authority to sell and con-
vey the real and personal estate belonging to the propri-
etors, to pay all existing demands, and divide the balance
according to law.
The commissioners gave public notice of their appoint-
ment, with a request that all persons should present their
claims for adjustment.
The property having been duly advertised was sold at
public auction on June the 28th, 1867, by William Archer,
auctioneer, of Salem.
The meeting-house, organ, gas fixtures, clock and vari-
ous other articles were purchased by James F. Almy,
Esq., of Salem. The meeting-house was taken down,
and such of its materials as were available were used in
the construction of the First Methodist Meeting-house in
Beverly. The interest of the proprietors in the chapel
and land on which it stood was purchased by Amos Smith,
who had a claim on the same. This has since been resold
to Stephen B. Ives, and removed by him to his own land
in the rear and converted into a dwelling-house. The lot
of land belonging to the meeting-house, with the cellar,
was purchased by Amos Smith and others, and has been
resold to the city of Salem, and is now occupied by the
"Howard Street Primary" school-house. The "Howard
Street bell," as it was called, which was the finest in the
city, was purchased by subscription, and given in trust
to the mayor of the city as an alarm-bell, and was re-
moved by the city authorities to the belfry of the Central
Baptist Meeting-house in St. Peter's street.
The total sales amounted to $3,825.34. After the pay-
ment of preferred claims and expenses, the remaining
creditors received on principal and interest .9303 per
cent, on the dollar. Nothing was left for the proprietors.
A meeting of the proprietors was called by public
notice in the papers, and a formal dissolution of the soci-
ety took place.
The silver communion service belonging to the Church
was sold, and the proceeds divided amongst those of its
members who remained in its fellowship at the time of sale.
PERKINS FAMILY OF IPSWICH.
COMMUNICATED BY GEORGE A. PERKINS.
(Continued from page 227.)
Jacob Perkins to Mary Cogswell, Sep'r 8, 1716.
Nath'll Perkins to Eliza. Decker, Rowley, 9, 4, 1717.
John Perkins to Eliza. Endicott.'Box., 15, 1, 1718.
Robert Perkins pub'd Eliza. Douton, Oct. 25, 1718.
Stephen Perkins to Marg'tt Bligh, Sep'r 26, 1719.
Stephen Glazier and Elizabeth Perkins, both of Ipswich, the twenty-
fourth day of December, 1720, were published.
Matthew Perkins, jun'r and the widdow Mary Smith, both of Ipswich)
were published the ^fourteenth of January, 1720-1.
Edmund Potter, of Boston, and the widdow Esther Perkins, of Ipswich,
were published ye twenty second day of April, 1721.
Mark Perkins and Dorothy Whipple, both of Ipswich, were published
the fourth day of June, 1721.
Elisha Perkins and Abigail Newmarch, both of Ipswich, were pub-
lished the fourth day of August, 1722.
Mark How, of Ipswich aud Hephzibah Perkins, of Topsfleld were
published the sixth day of October, 1722.
Joseph Emerson and Abigail Perkins, both of Ipswich, were published
the fifteenth day of December, 1722.
Benjamin Grant and Elizabeth Perkins, both of Ipswich, were pub-
lished the twenty third day of January, 1722-3.
Benjamin Grant and Anne Perkins, both of Ipswich, were published
the second day of February, 1722-3.
Benjamin Newman, jun'r and Hannah Perkins, both of Ipswich, were
published the fifth of October, 1723.
Mr. William Perkins and Mrs. Hannah Crumpton, both of Ipswich,
were published the first day of February, 1723.
Westley Perkins and Abigail Rindge, both of Ipswich, were published
ye 27th day of Novem'r, anno 1725.
John Holland and Mary Perkins, both of Ipswich, were published ye
4th day of December, anno 1725.
(249)
250
Thomas Treaclwell, tertius, and Sarah Perkins, both of Ipswich, were
published the 29th of October, 1726.
Barnabas Dodge and Martha Perkins, both of Ipswich, were published
the twenty fourth of August, 1728.
Joseph Perkins and Elizabeth Fellows, both of Ipswich, were pub-
lished the second of Nov'r, 1728.
Mr. Jacob Perkins and Mrs. Susanna Butler, widdo., both of Ipswich,
were published the seventh of Dec., 1728.
Mr. Thomas Norton, jun'r, and Mrs. Mary Perkins, both of Ipswich,
were published the fourth January, 1728.
John Butler and Hannah Perkins, of Chebacco in Ipswich, were pub-
lished the 27th of Decem'r, 1729.
John Bennet, of Rowley, and the widdow Eliza Perkins, of Ipswich,
were published March 21st, 1729.
Thomas Nason and Sarah Perkins, both of Ipswich, were published
the nineteenth day of Septemb'r, "1730.
Jeremiah Perkins and Joanna Smith, both of Ipswich, were published
the seventh of November, 1730.
John Greaves and Hannah Perkins, both of Ipswich, were published
the seventh of November, 1730.
Nathaniel Hart, jun'r and Elisabeth Perkins entred their intention of
marriage the 29th of March, 1731.
Capt. Elias Lowater, of Salem, and Mrs. Eliza Perkins, of Ipswich,
were published the sixteenth of October, 1731.
Jonathan Low, jun'r, and Sarah Perkins, both of Ipswich (Chebacco)
were published Octo. 16th, 1731.
Nathan Perkins and Elizabeth Manning, both of Ipswich, were pub-
lished October ye 23d, A. D., 1731.
James Perkins and Margaret Andrews, both of Chebacco in Ipswich,
were publisht. Novr. 5th, 1732.
Charles Adams, of Ipswich, and Mary Perkins of Wenham, were pub-
lisht. Octo. 13th, 1733.
Jacob Perkins, at the Hill, and Mary Dresser, both of Ipswich, were
publisht. Octo. 27th, 1733.
William Greely and Judith Perkins, both of Ipswich, were publisht.
Novr. 3d, 1733.
Nathanael Fuller and the widdo. Eliza. Perkins, both of Ipswich,
entred their intento. of marra. Dec. 7th, 1733.
Nathanael Perkins & Hannah Holland, both of Ipswich, entred their
intento. of marra. November 8, 1735.
John Perkins and the widdo. Abigail Dike, both of Ipswich, entred
their intento. of marra. Feb'ry 4th, 1735.
Isaac Perkins and Elizabeth Butler, both of Chebacco parish, entred
their intento. of marra. March 4th, 1736.
251
Nathanael Perkins and Anna Harris, both of Ipswich, entred their
intento. of. marriage July 30th, 1737.
William Ely, junr. of Lyme in Connect., Colo., and Eliza. Perkins, of
Chebacco parish, entred yr intento. of marra. 7br. 16th, 1737.
Samuel Hovey and Eliza. Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred their in-
tento. of marra. Septemr. 25th, A. D. 1737.
Jacob Perkins, junr., and Mary Fuller, both of Ipswich, entred their
intention of marriage, Feb. 9, 1739.
James Gerrish, of Berwick, and wido. Mary Perkins of Ipswich, entd.
yr. intento. of marriage Decb. 12th, 1740.
Benjamin Kinsman & Eliza. Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred yr. inten-
tion of marriage Decb. 27th, 1740.
Daniel Kinsman & Mary Perkins, of Ipswich, entred their intento. of
marriage Jan. 10th, 1740.
Joseph Fowler, of Wenhain, & Eliza. Perkins, of Ipswich, entred yr
intention of marriage Oct. 3d, 1741.
Jacob Perkins, junr. & Eliza. Storey, both of Ipswich, entred yr inten-
tion, of marriage, July 28th, 1743.
Joseph Perkins, junr. & Elizabeth Choate, both of Ipswich, entred yr
iutento. of marriage January 7th, 1743.
Samuel Dike and Mary Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred yr. intention
of marriage Augt. 15th, 1747.
Francis Perkins & Martha Quarles, both of Ipswich, entred their in-
tento. marriage Oct. 17th, 1747.
Jeremiah Foster, junr., & Abigail Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred
their intention of marriage, Novb. 5th, 1748.
William Perkins and Eliza. Maybey, both of Ipswich, entred yr intento.
of marriage May llth, 1749.
Robert Perkins, of Topsfield, & Hannah Cummins, of Ipswich, entred
yr intention of marriage Sept. 27th, 1750.
Mr. John Rust & Mrs. Hannah Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred yr
intention of marriage, Novb. 17th, 1750.
Mr. Thomas Perkins, of Topsfleld, and Mrs. Martha Williams, of
Ipswich, entred yr inteno. of marr. Novb. 22d, 1751.
Mr. Jonathan Foster, of Ipswich, and Mrs. Dorcas Perkins, of Tops-
fleld, entred yr. intention of marriage Novb. 22d, 1751.
Mr. Abraham Lakeman and Mrs. Elizabeth Perkins, of Ipswich, entred
yr. iutento. of marr. Decb. 2d, 1752.
Robert Perkins & Elizabeth Brown, both of Ipswich, entred yr. inten-
tion of marriage Aprill 6th, 1758.
Mr. John Kinsman & Mrs. Eliza. Perkins, wido., both of Ipswich, en-
tred yr intention of marr. Decb. 9th, 1753.
Mr. Isaac Andrews & Mrs. Lucy Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred their
intention of marr. Augt. 10th, 1754.
252
Mr. Francis Perkins & Mrs. Hannah Cogswell, both of Ipswich,
entred their intento. of marr. Feby. 8th, 1755.
Mr. Elisha Goold & Mrs. Abigail Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred yr
intention of marriage July 26th, 1755.
Mr. Nathl. Perkins, jur., & Mrs. Mary Lowater, both of Ipswich,
entred yr intento. of marr. Feby. 26th, 1757.
Mr. Jacob Perkins, of Boxford, & Mrs. Mercy Fowler, of Ipsh., entred
their intento. of marr. Oct. 27th, 1759.
Mr. Joseph Cummings, jur., of Ipswich, & Mrs. Judith Perkins, of
Topsfleld, entred their intento. of marr. March 3d, 175 [worn off
1758].
Mr. John Storey & Mrs. Hannah Perkins, both of Ipswich, entred yr
intention of marr. Apll. 4th, 1760.
MARRIAGES.
Abraham Perkins to Hannah Beamsley, October 16th, 1661.
Katherine Perkins to John Baker, May 13th, 1667.
Jacob Perkins to Saraii Wainwright, 1667.
Elizabeth Perkins to Thomas Borman, January 1st, 1667.
Martha Perkins to John Lamsou, December 17, 1669.
Mary Perkins to Thomas Wells, January 10th, 1669.
Judith Perkins to Nathl. Browne, December 16th, 1673.
Samuel Perkins to Hannah West, 1677.
Luke Perkins to Elizabeth Jago, April 26th, 1677.
Jacob Perkins to Elizabeth Sparks, December 27th, 1684.
Luke Perkins to Martha Conant, May 31st, 1688.
Jacob Perkins was marled to Elisabeth Sparks, Dece. 25, 1684.
Thomas Emerson was married to Phillip Perkins, Novemb. 20, 168
[torn off, 1685].
John Brewer was married to Martha Perkins, June 3d, 1689.
Jacob Burnam marryd Mehitable Perkins, Nov. 20, 1704.
Abraham Perkins marryd Abigail Dodge, Nov. 6, 1701.
Edward Eveleth, marrd. Eliza. Perkins, Janr. 4, 1704.
Thomas Stevens and Charity Perkins, both of Ipswich, were married
ye 24th day May, 1722.
John Swain, of Reading, and Mary Perkins, of Topsfleld, were mar-
ried the first day Dec., 1720.
Timothy Nicholls, of Reading, and Hannah Perkins, of Topsfield,
were married at Ipswich, October 7th, 1725.
Francis Choate and Hannah Perkins, both of Chebacco in Ipswich,
were married April 13th, 1727.
1728, Sept. 27th, Barnabas Dodge and Martha Perkins were married.
253
1728, Janry. 28th, Mr. Thomas Norton, jnnr., and Mrs. Mary Perkins
were married.
1728, Feb'ry 10th, Jacob Perkins and widdo. Susanna Butler, both of
Ipswich, were joined in marriage.
1731, Novr. 10, Capt. Elias Lowater and Elizabeth Perkins married.
1731, November 18th, Jonathan Low, junr., and Sarah Perkins joined
in marriage.
1732, Dec. 14th, James Perkins and Margaret Andrews were joined in
marriage.
June 17, 1730, John Bennet, of Rowley, & the widdo. Eliza. Perkins,
of Ipsw. were joined in marriage.
Dec. 3, 1730, John Greaves and Hannah Perkins, both of Ipswich,
were joined in marriage.
June 15, 1731, Josiah Woodberry, of Bev'ly & Hannah Perkins, of
Ipsw. were joined in marriage.
1733, Decemr. 6th, Mr. Jacob Perkins & Mary Dresser were joined in
marriage.
1733, Decemr. 6th, William Greely & Judith Perkins were joined in
marriage.
1733, Jan'y 14, Nathanael Fuller and Eliza. Perkins, widdo., were
joined in -marriage.
John Perkins and Abigail Dike, both of Ipswich, were married the
4th of March, 1735.
Sept. 15th, 1737, Nathan'l Perkins and Anna Harris married.
Feb'ry 8th, 1730, Thos. Perkins & Eliza. Fowler were married.
1740, March 19th, Jacob Perkins & Mary Fuller were joined in mar-
riage.
1740, Jan. 23d, Dan'll Kinsman & Mary Perkins, both of Ipswich, were
joined in marriage.
1741, Jan. 20th, Joseph Fowler, of Wenham, & Eliza. Perkins, of
Ipswich, were joined in marriage.
The following persons joined in marriage by the Revd. Nehemiah
Porter, of Chebacco parish in Ipswich.
1753, July 19th, Robert Perkins & Elizabeth Brown, both of Ipswich.
Apl. 13th, 1760, Mr. John Storey & Mrs. Hannah Perkins, both of
Ipswich, were married by the Revd. John Cleaveland.
John Perkins & Sarah Elliot, Feb. 27th, 1786.
Martha Perkins & David Burnham, Feb. 7th, 1787.
William Perkins & Elizabeth Proctor Oct. 15th, 1788.
Sarah Perkins & Eleazer Low, Dec. 25, 1788.
Jacob Perkins of Maiden & Rebecca Appleton of Ips. Augt. 1, 1789.
Lucy Perkins & John Lord, jun., Jany. 27, 1789.
Jonathan Perkins & Dorcas Haskell, Jan. 7, 1790.
Sarah Perkins & John Fitz, Nov. 16, 1791.
254
Mary Perkins & Nathan Choate, April 10, 1794.
Ruth Perkins & Adoniram Haskell, May 13th, 1794.
Mary Perkins & Thomas Lewis Hovey, Dec. 30th, 1794.
DEATHS .
John, son of Jacob Perkins, died April 6, 1669.
Elisabeth, wife to Quart. John Perkins, died Sept. 27, 1684.
Sarj. Jacob Perkins' wife died Febr. the 12th, 1685.
Quart. John Perkins, died Deer, the 14th, 1686.
Sarah, wife to Jacob Perkins junr., died Febr. 3d, 1688.
Elizabeth, wife to Jacob Perkins, died Aprill the 10th, 1692.
Capta. Beamsley Perkins died at his house in Ipswich, ye twenty third
day of July, 1720, being 47 years, three mo. and 16 days old.
Sarah, daughter of John aud Elizabeth Perkins, dyed ye 7th July, 1720.
Martha Perkins, wife of Matthew Perkins, junr., dyed ye 30th Sepr.,
1720.
Mr. Abraham Perkins dyed the 27th day of April, 1722, in the 82d year
of his age, being run over by a tumbrill, broke many bones across
his breast.
Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, dyed Augt. 25, 1726.
Lucy, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Perkins, dyed Octo. 30th, 1726,
JEt. 6.
Lucy, an infant, daughter of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, dyed Fbr. 9,
1727.
Lucy, daughr. of Jacob and Eliz'a. Perkins, dyed March 6th, 1728, JEt.
7 mo.
Brewer, son of Matthew Perkins, junr., and Mary, dyed Septr. 1st,
1730.
Daniel (an infant), son of Jacob and Eliza. Perkins, dyed Sept. 29th,
1731.
Hannah Perkins, relict of Samuel Perkins, deed., dyed Augt. 21t, 1732.
Eliz-abeth Perkins, wife of Jacob Perkins, dyed Septr. 27, 1732.
Mrs. Hannah Perkins, relict of Mr. Abra. Perkins, deed., dyed Octo.
16th, 1732, JEt. 91.
Capt. Stephen Perkins deceased May 15th, 1733, JEt. 50.
Stephen, son of Matthw. Perkins, junr., & Mary, deed. Feb'ry 21, 1735.
JEt. 4 yr., 1 mo.
John, son of John & Eliza. Perkins, dyed March 8, 1735, yrs. 12 & 5 m.
Zerobbabel, son of John & Mary Perkins, deed. March 19, 1735.
Eunice, daught. of John & Eliza. Perkins, deed. Mch. 31, 1736, JEt. 9
yr., 11 mo., 20 d.
Hannah Perkins, wife of Nathl. Perkins, deed. May 13th, 1736, JEt. 17
yr, 9 mo.
255
Daniel, son of Jeremiah & Joannah Perkins, deed. June It, 1736.
Matthew Perkins, junr., deed. May 28t, 1737.
Capt. Matthew Perkins departed this life April 15, 1738, Mt. 72 yrs., 9
mo., 23 d.
Mrs. Sarah Perkins, wido. of Jacob Perkins, deed. Augt. 5, 1738, JEt.
65 y., 7 mo.
Sarah Perkins, daugr. of John Perkins, died Angt. 8th, 1742.
Jeremiah, son of Jeremiah Perkins, died May 1st, 1748.
Saml., son of Jacob Perkins, died Novb. 30th, 1748.
The wido. of Capt. Matthew Perkins died Oct. 6th, 1749.
Joseph Perkins drowned in Ipswich bay, Oct. 10th, 1751.
Hepzibah, daugt. of Joseph Perkins, deed. & Eliza, died Decb. 25,
1753.
Jacob Perkins, of Chebacco, died 28th March, 1754.
Mada. Margaret Perkins, died May 23d, 1754.
Wido. Hannah Perkins died Augt. 2d, 1758.
MeMtable Perkins died Oct. 7th, 1758.
Jacob Perkins died Decb. 2d, 1758.
Nathl. Perkins was drowned on Ipswich barr, May 4th, 1761.
Susannah, widdow of Jacob Perkins of Chebacco, died Oct. 1st, 1769,
.St. 80 yrs.
The foregoing are true extracts from the records of the town of
Ipswich. Attest,
ALFRED KIMBALL, Town clerk.
EXTRACTS FROM THE DIARY OF LIEUT. JOHN
PRESTON, OF SALEM VILLAGE.
COMMUNICATED BY SAMUEL P. FOWLER.
THIS diar^ was written on a 16mo sheet of ten pages.
On the outside of the manuscript was the following en-
dorsement :
JOHN PEESTON,
SALEM VILLAGE,
1743.
I find no record of the birth of Lieut. John Preston, or
of his wife, Hannah Putnam. He died June 14th, 1771,
his wife March 28th, 1771. He had ten children, whose
names are as follows :
Elizabeth, born May 9th, 1745 ; John, born Sept. 8th,
1746 ; Philip, born Oct. 30th, 1748 ; Joshua, born March
22d, 1751 ; David, born March ~20th, 1752 ; Hannah, born
Aug. 8th, 1754 ; Levi, born Oct. 21st, 1756 ; Moses, born
April 20th, 1758 ; Aaron, born March 24th, 1760 ; Daniel,
born June llth, 1761.
Philip died May 29th, 1749; Joshua died May llth,
1751 ; Aaron died April 9th, 1760; Daniel died July 1st,
1762 ; David died Jan. 16th, 1774.
REMARKS ON YE YEAR
1944.
A blazing star was seen from December 24, 1743, to till
(256)
257
Feb. 14 then it set about half an hour after sundown,
and it rose half an hour before the sun, and it drew nearer
the sun till it came to ye sun.
It was seen in the daytime.
June 2. War proclaimed with France.
June 3.* An earthquake a little after 10 o'clock in the
forenoon.
July 6. My father died in the 81st year of his age.
Sept. 9. A very hard frost.
1145.
Very moderate weather all February but two or three
days.
March 17. At night very hard thunder.
" 24. f The fleet sailed for Cape Breton.
May 9. My daughter Elizabeth born.
May 27. Rufus Putnam fell from Capt. John Gardner's
house and died in an hour after.
June 10. My brother 'listed for Cape Breton. Sailed
from Boston June 26, and arrived at Louisburg harbor
July 6th, and wrote me a letter dated July 7th. I received
it July 27th.
Aug. 13. He was brought home sick.
174O.
Feb. 2d. A very fair, pleasant day.
Aug. 2. Some frost in the meadows.
Aug. 11, 12, 13. Some frost every morning so as to
kill the corn leaves.
Aug. 26. Very hard frost, so as to kill the corn, beans
and potatoes.
* Rev. Thomas Smith in his Journal says there was a Fast on account of this
earthquake. He first saw the comet in Boston the 26th of December. It had then
been seen near three weeks.
t For the reduction of Louisburg.
17
258
Sept. 3. My sou John born.
Oct. 18. The snow a foot deep.
Dec. 3d. At night a violent snowstorm, the wind North-
east, and the snow lay close on the ground till the last of
March following ; and it was thought by many that there
was more snow this winter than there had been any winter
since the country was inhabited. .
174S.
April 14. My brother Philip Preston died in the 28th
year of his age. About the same time a comet was seen
in the Northeast for a fortnight or three weeks. This
summer was called the hottest and driest summer that had
been known for a great number of years.
Oct. 30. My son Philip was born. It was dry all the
winter following, and but very little snow or fain, but
cold and dry.
This spring remained so dry that by the middle of May,
the rivers and brooks were as dry and as low as ever
known in the Fall.*
May 29. My son Philip died after twenty-four days'
sickness.
June 15. A general fast throughout this Province on
ye account of the drought.
June 20. Joseph Cross came home after he had been
* A melancholy dry time, the grasshoppers do us more spoil than the drought. I
reckon my poultry (about 100) eat ten thousand grasshoppers every day. They
have eaten up entirely an acre of potatoes. Very hot. The most remarkable time
that ever we or our lathers saw. Smith's Jour.
The reading of these old journals gives us assurance in the belief that no great
changes have [taken place in the seasons. The two dry summers experienced in
the years 1748 and 1749 were very much like our last two dry seasons, and they oc-
curred when the country was covered with a dense forest. We must therefore look
to some other cause for our dry summers.
259
gone almost twelve years, and almost eleven years of that
time he was on board of a man-of-war in the king's ser-
vice.
June 28. Aunt Mary Tarbot died in the ninety-sixth
year of her age.
July 1. The pastures were as dry, and almost as white
as in ye winter time. In the fore part of July we had
fine showers of rain, which brought to the pastures as
fresh as May. English hay was so scarce this summer
that it was sold at the rate of 50 or 60 a doad in
Salem, and some hay in Boston 80 or 90 per load.
Aug. 27. A general thanksgiving on account of the
rain. There was a considerable good crop of Indian corn,
and ye winter was so favorable that the cattle were win-
tered beyond expectation.
1?5O.
This spring came on early, and brought showers, and
considerable good crops of corn. English hay at 40 a
load, Lawful money.
July 24. A shower of hail that was as large as robins'
eggs when they fell, so that they cut holes through the
tobacco leaves and cabbages.
Oct. Cider sold in Salem for 4 shil. per barrel, Law-
ful money.
Dec. Indian meal sold in Salem market for two shil-
lings per bushel. A moderate winter, no snow for sled-
ding, but a great deal of rain.
1951.
Jethro Putnam died.
Feb. 11. Eleazer Brown came into the widow Crosse's
in the evening, and fell down and died in four or five
minutes after he got within the door.
260
March 22. My son Joshua was born, and he died May
llth with the throat distemper. My other children very
bad with the same distemper, but they recovered.
July 29. It began to rain moderately about nine o'clock,
and it rained steadily all day and all night very hard, ye
wind high at southeast.
July 30. Exceeding hard shower so that the rivers the
31st of May were almost as high as ever known in the
spring.
Oct.*This winter the village and middle parish was set
off from Salem as a district by the name of Danvers.*
This year was ordered by Parliament to begin the 1st of
January.
March 20. My son David born.
This spring was very dry, and exceeding cold. Small
pox very bad in Boston, and in May it broke out in Salem
and Charlestown.
June 27. George Stone fell into his well and was
drowned.
July 12. Being Sabbath day, in the afternoon George
Small's house was struck with thunder, and the thunder
came down chimney and killed Solomon Phips as he sat
on a block by the jamb. He fell down dead, and never
spoke or stirred. He was just entered on his one and
twentieth year.
1153.
Nothing remarkable till December, then - Swinner-
ton, his wife and one child, all died with ye fever. This
winter very little snow but abundance of rain.
The month of April very cold and dry, and ye wind
* January 25th, 1752.
261
N. E. and N. all the month but three or four days.
June 30. Being Sabbath day, it rained some. At night
it rained very hard all night, so that Ipswich river was as
high as ever was known in the spring.
Aug. 8. My daughter Hannah born.
Oct. Died, in Dea. Nathan Putnam's house, Joshua
Wiatt and one of Asa Putnam's children. About the
20th died the said Deacon, and three more of Asa Put-
nam's children. The three children were all buried in
one grave. This winter was open, no sledding at all.
May 31. A very hard frost, so as to kill the corn and
beans ; in the meadows the brakes were killed.
This summer was exceedingly cold, and the frost came
on very early in the fall, so Indian corn was very much
hurt in some places.
Sept. 15. Jonathan Majory 'listed to go to Crown Point.
Sept. 25. Capt. Samuel Flint marched out of Salem
with his company to go to Crown Point.
Oct. Very cold weather.
" 18. It snowed considerably.
" 25. Snowed again.
" 30. A very snowy, stormy day as you shall know
in the winter time.
November from the 1st to the 17th unusually foggy
weather, and no wind tfll the 18th. In the morning be-
tween 3 and 4 o'clock was a terribly hard earthquake, which
threw down a power of stone wall, and a great many tops
of chimneys. This winter moderate.
1756.
This summer very wet and cold, and the latter. part of
it very dry.
262
Oct. 21. My son Levi born. This month died Lieut.
Elieazer Porter and his wife and two eldest sons with
fever.
This year the French took Fort William Henry.
175S.
April 20. My son Moses born. In July our army was
defeated at Ticonderoga with 4 or 5,000 men.
August. The English took Cape Breton. The summer
exceedingly wet and cold.
1959.
This year the English took Ticouderoga, Crown Point,
and Quebec.
1?GO.
Mch. 20. Great fire in Boston, burnt 3 or 400 houses.
" 24. My sou Aaron born.
THE CHIPMAN LINEAGE, PARTICULARLY AS IN
ESSEX COUNTY, MASS.
BY R. MANNING CHIPMAN.
THE surname "Chipman" is, in America, definitive.
More than denoting, consanguinity excluded, a common-
age, it designates, consanguinity included, a lineage. All
persons on this continent who by birth bear, or have
borne, this surname, now met with throughout the United
States and the adjoining British Provinces, are, so far as
long and wide search yet has found, comprised in one emi-
grant ancestor with his wives and his posterity. Two
branches from the main stem have been, and a third
branch until lately was, in Essex County, Mass. These
papers propose to give a specific account of those branches,
as related to that stem ; after presenting, as preparatory,
some items which pertain not only to the Essex County
part, but also to their congeners, of this lineage.
MEANING AND ORIGIN OF " CHIPMAN."
Surnames, that have more or less been changed in form
or in sound, may obtain or they may suggest a meaning
which is not the true one. When Rowland Hill in his
"Village Dialogues," serious tracts, used Chipman to de-
nominate a carpenter, readers see that he made a good
/it; and when Nathaniel I. Bowditch, in his "Suffolk
Names," a humorous compilation, intimated Chipman to
be in more than form akin to woodman, readers feel that
he made a good hit. What is apt and what is amusing
have their utility. Such authors, however, as offer to
(2G3)
264
teach, should first know. Easy recipients may not be
surprised that William Arthur, in his "Dictionary of
Family and Christian Names," confounds Chipman with
Chapman ; but an investigator, without being profound,
may both have and express surprise that Mark Antony
Lower, in such a work as his "Patronymica Britannica,"
allowed himself to make and utter the same confusion ;
since Mr. Lower cannot have the apology of being sup-
posed ignorant of a book by which Mr. Arthur professes
to have been aided, Burke's "Encyclopedia of Heraldry,
or General Armory, etc." In this last named and authori-
tative work, to descriptions of the arms proper to this
surname are prefixed as follows : "Chipenham, or Chip-
nam," "Chippenham, or Chipman." The euphonic form
"Chipmau" comes from the contracted form "Chip'n'am."
Its first element is "chip," "chipping," "cheap," as in
"cHEAP-side," derivatives from the Anglo-Saxon ceapian,
cypan, Dutch koopen, German kaufen, Danish kiobe,
Swedish, kopa, Icelandic kaupa, to buy, sell, CHEAPEN;
a?^d its second, Anglo-Saxon ham, Dutch and German
heim, Danish hiem, Swedish hem, Icelandic heimr, a vil-
lage, town, HOME. Its import is chap(men's)-home ;
mart; emporium. It is, as will be seen by what follows,
one of the earliest surnames which, passing from an in-
dividual to a family designation, were thus made social,
transmissible, hereditary and permanent. As occurring
in ancient documents, prepared when Latin was the schol-
arly and French the legal language of English writers, it
had the prefix de, which in each of those languages pur-
ports "of" or "from, "and then noted, as to the persons so
styled, either the ownership of, or a present or former
residence at, some locality named Chippenham (Anglo-
Saxon Cyppanham, Doomsday Book Cipham, Cippen-
ham, etc.) ; viz., as follows :
265
PLACES CHIPPENHAM.
Chippenham, Co. Buckingham, twenty-two miles from
London is "a Liberty in the Parish and Hundred of Burn-
ham, forming part of the ancient demesnes of the crown
[of England] , and said to be the site of a palace of the
Mercian kings."
Chippenham, Co. Cambridge, sixty-one miles from Lon-
don, is "a Parish in the Hundred of Staplehou, a dis-
charged Vicarage in the Archdeaconry of Suffolk, and
Diocese of Norwich."
Chippenham, Co. Wilts., ninety-three miles from Lon 7
don, is "a Borough, Market-Town, and Parish, in the
Hundred of Chippenham," and "a place of the greatest
antiquity. In the time of [king] Alfred, it was one of
the finest towns in the [Anglo-Saxon] kingdom."
ARMS OF CHIPMAN.
The arms of Chipman, as for several generations in the
line of John Chipman, below marked (8), had present,
in their coloring and otherwise, enough appearance of anti-
quity to render probable the position that the picture was
made in England, that is, before such things were in this
country furnished to the order of whoever would pay for
the drawing of a so-called "coat of arms." As in that
picture, except that there are seen around the "shield"
appendages termed "supporters" which formerly were by
English rule used without, though latterly used only with,
permission expressed by the king, they are those which
the Messrs. Burke, giving them as by record of "Heralds'
Visitations" known to pertain to the Chipmans once
residing in Bristol, England, describe thus : "Ar. a bend
betw. six estoiles gu. Crest A leopard sajant ar.
murally crowned ;" viz., as less technically stated : "Upon
266
a white shield or escutcheon, a red shoulder-belt between
six (red) stars. Seated above the shield a white leopard,
on his head a red mural crown." In respect to what
the emblems so described mean, the Messrs. Burke say :
" The crest or cognizance served, to distinguish the com-
batants in the battle or tournament ;" and M. Porny
"A mural crown was conferred upon him who first, at an
assault, mounted the walls of a besieged town, and there
set up a standard." That person, then, to whom in
feudal times was by his sovereign granted the right, for
himself and for his posterity, to have and to bear these
ensigns, was a soldier approved and rewarded for his
valor. In these, as in other armorial bearings, the ab-
sence of elaborateness and flourish attests their relatively
great antiquity.
CHIPMANS IN ENGLAND.
Willielmus de Chipenham was chairman of the com-
missioners ("jurors") in the "Hundred of Staplehou,"
Co. Cambridge, Eng., who, by order of William the
Conqueror, took, A.D., 1085, the inventory of the exten-
sive estates possessed by the opulent Monastery of El} r ,
in that County. The original record or report of that
survey is preserved among the Cottonian Manuscripts in
the British Museum and is marked "Tiberius, A. VI."
A printed copy of it forms a considerable part of the
"Doomsday Book," as prepared and issued under direc-
tion of the "Record Commission" appointed by the Brit-
ish Parliament, viz., the Inquisitio Eliensis, in Vol. II.
Ricardus de Chippenham was a burgess, returned for
Wallingford, Co. Berks., who obtained, A. D., 1306, as
also A. D., 1313, his "Writ de Expensis" for attending
the then last Parliament at Westminster.
Johannes de Chipman was a burgess, returned for
267
Chippenham, Co. Wilts., who obtained, A. D., 1313, his
"Writ de Expensis" for attending the then last Parlia-
ment at Westminster. He is described as "Le Chap-
man;" in effect as if John Chipman, of Trade-town,
trader.
Sir [Rev.] John de Chippenham was one of the one
hundred and nineteen legatees of "the princely Clare,"
viz., Elizabeth de Burgh, Co. Clare and Prov. Munster,
Ir., Countess of Clare and foundress of Clare Hall, whose
father was Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, Eng.,
whose mother was Joan d' Acres, daughter of Edward I.,
of Eng., whose husband was John de Burgh, son and
heir of the Earl of Ulster, Ir. , and whose daughter was
Countess of Athol, Scot. Her will, dated at St. Clare,
25 Sept., 1355, was proved 3 Dec., 1360.
With equal minuteness might have been specified Wal-
ter Chiepman, A. D., 1198; Segar Chiepman, 1198;
Henry de Chippeham, 1216 ; John Chypman, M.P., 1298 ;
Walterus de Chippenham, 1327 ; Johannes de Chippen-
ham, 1355 ; Walter Chippenham, 1383 ; Henry Chippen-
ham, 1421 ; other Henry Ghippenhams, 1433 and onward ;
several Thomas Chippenhams (and Chipmans), of whom
was an ambassador extraordinary, with prebendaries, an
archdeacon and a S. T. P., 1433-1512 ; Juliana de Chip-
nam, 1509 ; Nicholas Chippenham, eccles. commis., 1518 ;
Edward Chipnam, 1625 ; and Eleanor Chipnam, 1570.
The persons above named are as found in the books
prepared and issued under direction of the "Record Com-
mission" appointed by the British Parliament, and in
works equally authoritative. It may here be added that
the historic statements made in these pages, though the
authorities are for brevity's sake not assigned, are all
historically based and sustained.
The date last above written being of a year later than
268
that in which was born the founder of the lineage which
is, in some of its lines, to be soon presented ; the list
above given forms thus a sort of Jacob's ladder from that
lineage upward, each of the specified persons a round of
it, so that by a genealogical eye may be seen generations
ascending as well, as descending upon it.
The surname Chipman is extant, though not frequent,
now in England. From 1830 to 1850 it was borne in
Bristol and in Chippenham, its old localities as respects
some families; and in 1843, in Exeter, in that country.
In 1851-56 was a " J. Chipman, a Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, at London."
ENGLISH CHIPMANS ON AMERICAN ISLANDS.
A physician named Chipman went from England, about
1835, and was till he deceased, about 1840, an associate
in medical practice at St. John, Antigua, W. I., with
Anthony Musgrave, M. D., the treasurer of that colony.
Another gentleman, a native of England and having that
sul-iiame, was, not far from 1840, at St. John, Newfound-
land, B. A., or its vicinity, probably a visitor there. No
others than these have been known or heard of as being
bearers of this surname, even temporarily, in America,
who were not, or are not ascertained congeners in that
lineage of which an outline is now, as below, given.
FIRST GENERATION.
To the names arranged serially are joined figures; a large one
prefixed, to specify individuals, a small one suffixed, to specify gen-
erations of the lineage. A name printed in large capital letters is one
with which, "on its recurrence in the series, will be found a special
or memorial notice, and also the date of birth, unless not known.
On such recurrence, the serial number which before was prefixed, will
be found suffixed, large, and in ( ). Abbreviations used are: b., for
bora; bap., baptized; m., married; d., dead, or died; Ru. Eld., Ruling
Elder ; and such others as are common. To names of places not in
269
Massachusetts are added the names of counties, etc., except as to
places assumed uot to need such specification. The double date of
years usually denotes alternation, as "Jan., 1651-2" is of 1C51, accord-
ing to the old method of beginning the year on 25th March ; otherwise
is of 1652 ; in some cases, as 1865-7, it denotes continuity, or the
period from 1865 to 1867. Quotations are, in respect to orthography,
punctuation, etc., as are their originals.
1. THOMAS CHIPMAN was born, probably in Whitchurch,
not far from Dorchester, Dorset Co., Eng., about A. D.,
1567; died about 1623. He last resided in Bryan's-
Piddle, some five miles from said Dorchester. He was
owner of " Some certain Tenement or Tenements with a
Mill & other Edifice thereunto beclouding Lying and
being in Whitchurch of Marshwood vale near Burfoot
Alias Breadport [Bridport] in DorSetshire afores d her[e]-
tofore worth 40 or 50 Pounds p Annum," of which
property he, "about Threescore years" before 1651, was
dispossessed "By reason of Some kiude of Sale made of
Inconsiderable value by the s d Thomas (In the time of
his Single Estate not then minding marriage) unto his
kinsman M r Christopher Derby Living Sometime in
Sturtle [Sturthill] near Burfort afores d ." In 1775, as in
1848 stated the late Hon. Henry Chipman 7 , of Detroit,
Mich., Thomas Chipman 5 , of Salisbury, Conn,., who "was
by the right of primogeniture the lineal heir," but who
seems not to have known that any document respecting
the estate was extant in America, "caused inquiries to be
made by Silas Dean or Dr. Franklin (one or both),
colonial agents [then] in England, in regard to the es-
tate;" which inquiries "resulted in ascertaining that it
lay" as above described, and "that the rental was worth
five hundred pounds sterling." The last named Thomas
Chipman "meant to have prosecuted his claim, but was
prevented by the breaking out of the Revolution and its
consequences." The extract first above made, which is
270
from an ancieut copy of a document prepared by John
Chipman(4), more than verifies the "tradition" referred to
in the statement last quoted. As connected with other
parts of the copied document, and in the light afforded
by other documents and records, some of which may
more distinctly be indicated below, that extract exhibits
how and in what degree the more shrewd than just ac-
quirer of Thomas Chipman's(l) estate was "his kinsman ;"
that is to say, there thus appears that the seller and
buyer were cousins-german in virtue of the latter's father
having married a sister of either the father or else of the
mother of the former. This uncle to Thomas Chipman(l)
was the "Henry Derby" who, in 1591, then of Bryau's-
Piddle, "bought, in company with John Croon, of the
same place, the manor and hamlet of Westport, in the
parish of St. Michael's and town and borough of Ware-
ham, from George Wadham, of Catherstone, Esq.," and
whose sons, viz., "Christopher Derby, of Sturthill (, gent,
buried in Shipton, 1639)," and "William Derby, of Dor-
chester, mercer" (, uncle and great-uncle, respectively,
to "William Derby and William his son," deceased, then
"of Sturthill, 1683"), together sold the "moiety of the
manor of Bryau's-Piddle, 1632." As connected with
Thomas Chipman's(l) estate at Whitchurch, Christopher
Derby and other of his sons will have farther mention.
As connected with the birthplace and with the homes of
Thomas Chipman's(l) descendants, and in regard to more
general interests, William Derby, brother to Christopher,
has elsewhere, and here may have, a record of honor.
He was a member, sometimes official, always efficient, of
the "Massachusetts Company," or "Company of New
England," by themselves styled "Adventurers for a Plan-
tation intended at Massachusetts Bay in New England in
America," through whose energy, under a grant obtained
271
from the "Council of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
for the planting, ordering and governing New England in
America," the "Commonwealth of Massachusetts" was
founded. The present writer, if not as being also "his
kinsman," yet as being a native of that Salem in the rudi-
ments of which, begun in 1626, Massachusetts had in
1628 its beginning, and in 16289 its capital, takes pleas-
ure in concluding this incidental account of him by
reminding other natives of that Salem how the founders
of their city and of their State held him in grateful es-
teem ; for "the noted Darby Fort," erected in 1629 on
Naugus Head to defend Salem's principal harbor, pre-
serves the name, and commemorates, too, the app'recia-
tiou set by contemporaries and associates on the merits
manifested in the services rendered, of William Derby.
By the connection, already set forth and to be again
brought into view, with William Derby, as also by the
intimacy, just below affirmed, with Mr. Lawrence, who,
or his son or other heir of the same name, "held the manor
and advowson of the .vicarage and other lands of Afl-
Pidclle," a "little" west of Bryau's-Piddle, is indication
given of the social position of Thomas Chipmau(l) . Both
unfortunate and at least unsagacious as he had been, in the
matter of his estate, his position continued to be what, in
his country and especially in his time, was of more conse-
quence than it would be here and now, socially respect-
able.
Thomas Chipraan(l) married, somewhat after 1590,
, who deceased near 1637. All that is known of their
children other than one son is in the closing part of the
copy, before mentioned, of the document prepared by
their son, given as follows: "John Chipman desires his
Love be presented to his Sisters Hannor and Tumsun and
to hear particulor[l]} r from them if Living and doth fur-
272
tber request that Enquiry be made of m r Oliver Lawrence
of Arpittle [Aff-PicklleJwho was an Intimate friend of his
fathers he Desires also Enquiry be made of his Sisters
what those parchment writings Concerned in the Custody
of his mother when he was there." The sisters' names,
as so furnished, may be those conferred by their parents,
or those acquired by marriage. "Hannah," as in other
instances, so in this, may be a baptismal feminine name,
or, which not seldom occurs, a surname. "Tamson" (or,
as the preference is, "Twmswn") may have been intended
for Thomasine (not infrequently written Tamasine), a
baptismal feminine name, or, as a form which is provincial
in England, for "Thomson." A "John Tompson," as
records have it, or "lohii Tomson," as his autograph has
it, was, by residence and otherwise, so associated in this
country with their brother, as renders either affinity or
consanguinity between the two men not improbable. The
names of the sisters remaining ambiguous, leave the
question whether or not they married, unsolved.
Three children :
2. "Hannor."* (Hannah?)
3. "Tumsum." 2 (Thomasine?)
4. JOHN. 2
SECOND GENERATION.
4. Ru. Eld. JOHN CHIPMAN, son of Thomas Chipman(l),
was born near Dorchester, probably at Bryan' s-Piddle,
Dorset Co., Eng., about 1614; died 7 April, 1708.
Always brotherless and early left fatherless, he came to
America after having for a short time lived in the house-
hold of that wealthy cousin of his father through whose
cozenage of his father he had, as already recited, been
made portionless. The time of his emigration, with the
date of his birth, is supplied by his own words as, in the
273
document before mentioned, copied thus :" The s d John
Supposeth his Age to be About thirty seven years : it
being next may Twenty and one year[s] Since he Come
out of England, Barnstable as Afores d this 8th of Feb
(51)." As the year was then reckoned to begin in March
on the 25th day, the "may," next to succeed the February
in A.D. 1651-2, was, of course, May, 1652. It so appears
that he emigrated in May, 1631. His thus copied words,
when supplemented by a record of Gov. Winthrop, of
Mass., assign also the port of his departure and the port
of his arrival, with the name of the vessel in which his
voyage was made. Winthrop recorded, as follows :
"Year 1631 ... July . . 14. The ship called the Friend-
ship, of Barnstable [,Eng.], arrived at Boston, after she
had been at sea eleven weeks and [been] beaten back by
foul weather. She set sail from Barustable again, about
the midst of May." So is shown that, leaving Barnstable,
Devon Co., Eng., May, 1631, in the ship Friendship (her
name a good omen), he reached Boston, N.E., 14 July,
1631. People had, in 1629-30, come from his native
County to Massachusetts in throngs. He would naturally
have sought them at or near Salem, and the very name
which such previous neighbors had, in 1630, transferred
from Dorchester, Eng., to Dorchester, N.E., might have
lured him to this latter locality as by a charm, if he had
by age or in condition been free to follow his choice.
The matters of record, as below furnished, which show in
what capacity, for what object, and under whose direction
or surveillance he emigrated, show also that if, on his
part, religious convictions either prompted or cheered his
emigration, yet, on the part of some other persons, his
emigration itself was an irreligious eviction. If John
Chipman, at the age of sixteen or seventeen years, shared
with William Derby the enthusiasm for settling New
18
274
England which the eloquence of Rev. John White, of
Dorchester, Eng. , kindled and kept burning, so much the '
more easily might Christopher Derby persuade and " bind"
to acceptance of " a good opening for a young man " one
who, now near his majority, might, on reaching it, bring,
should he remain in England, an action at law for eject-
ment, so troubling, if not ousting Christopher, but who,
removed to America, would scarcely attempt such litiga-
tion. It will appear that one step towards such an attempt
was taken.
The emigrant Chipman had been in this country some-
what more than ten years when, 2 March, 1641-2, in
a suit which he brought against John Derby and which
Edward Winslow, then an Assistant, and both before and
after then the Governor, of Plymouth Colony, tried at
Plymouth, "Ann Hinde, the wife of "William Hoskins...,
being examined..., afeirmeth vpon oath as folio weth :
That the said Ann liued in the house of M r Darbeyes
father with the said John Chipman att such time as the
said John Chipman came from thence to New England to
serue M r Richard Darbey his brother," that is, John
Derby's brother. The "Council for New England" had,
so long previously as 1622, given order that youths "not
tainted with misdemeanors" might be sent to New England
as "apprentices;" and a general custom of sending such
youth indentured to such service, was so established. In
another part of the deposition, affirming that "the said
Ann came afterwards likewise ouer, to serue the said
Richard Darbey," the "afterwards" evidently respects 1637,
as to which year appear, on and by Plymouth Co. Records,
that "about" that date Richard Derby proposed returning
to England, and that at that date William Snow appren-
ticed to Richard Derby did, probably along with his master,
come from England to New England. The deposition
275
also recites that, on her leaving England, " old M r Darbey
requested this depouant to comeud him to his cozen Chip-
man, and tell him if hee were a good boy he would send
him ouer the money that was due to him when hee saw
good ; and further, whereas this doponant heard the said
John Darbey affeirrne that his money was payed to John
Chipmans mother, shee further deposeth that his mother
was dead a quarter of a yeare or thereabouts before her
old master sent this message to his cozen Chipman ; all
which this deponant sweareth," etc. The intent of this
suit, viz., to recover money which John Derby, cozening,
withheld from "his cozen Chipman," and this deposition
as recorded, show that Christopher Derby was in respecjt
to John Chipman (4) what he had been in respect to the
father of the latter ; and that toward the latter, John Derby
was what Christopher Derby was. The character of Rich-
ard Derby also, as manifest by record of judgment ren-
dered, 1 Nov., 1642, by the " Court of Assistants" of
Plymouth Colony, in an action brought by Richard Willis
against him for fraudulent dealing, was so unlike what
Chipman and his other apprentices were, in order to be
apprentices, required to have, his character being "tainted
with misdemeanors," that between those two sons of Chris-
topher Derby, the comfort as well as the property of their
orphan "kinsman" was in much the same condition as
corn between the two millstones is, while these are
rolling. How the suit against John Derby resulted does
not appear.
The emigrant Chipman had been in this country some-
what more than twenty years when he, 8 Feb., 1651-2,
then a well-allied husband and cherishing father, prepared
the document of which, as by an ancient copy preserved
parts have been quoted herein above. It was designed
to be the initiative of m3;i>ures for the recovery of his
276
paternal estate, and was probably transmitted to England.
Its title and design arc, as in the ancient copy, given thus :
"A brief Declaration with humble Request (to whom These
Presents Shall Come) for further Inquiry and Advice in
y e behalf of John Chipman now of Barustable in the Gov-
e[r]nment of NewPlimouth in New England In America
[,hef being y e only Son & Heir of M r Thomas Chip-
man Late Deceased at Brinspittcel [Bryan's-Piddle] about
five miles from Dor[c]hester in Dorsetshire in England."
The reasons for his delay of effort to recover his patrimony
and for his now taking the first step in this way are, as
in that copy, given thus : " y e s d John Chipman being but
in a poor and mean outward Condition hath hitherto been
Afraid to stir in it as thinking he should never get it from
y e rich and mighty but being now Stirred by some friends
as Judging it his Duty to make Effectual Inquiry after it
for his own Comfort his wife and Children which God
hath pleased to bestow on him if any thing. may be done
therein, & in what way it may be attained whether with-
out his Coming Over which is most Desired if it may bee.
Because of exposing his wife & Children to Some Straits
in his absence from tl^m, he hath Therefore Desired these
as afor[e] s d Desiring also some Sear[c]h may be made
for Further Light in y e case into the Records the Convey-
ance being made as he Judgeth about Threescore years
Since as Also that Enquiry be made of his Sisters which
he Supposeth lived about those parts and of whom Else
it may be thought meet, and Advice Sent over as Afor[e]-
s d not Else at present But hoping that there be Some Left
yet in England alike Spirited with him in 29 Job whom
the Ear that heareth of may bless God for Delivering y e
poor that crieth & him that hath no helper Being Eyes
to the blind feet to the Lame A father to the Poor Search-
ing out y e Cause which he kuoweth not, &c." The grounds
277
of the declarant's claim are, as in that copy, given thus :
" [The consideration] being as the said John hath been
Informed but for 40 Ib And to be maintained Like a man
with Diet Apparel &c by the s d Christopher as Long as
the s d Thomas Should Live whereat y e Lawyer w c made
the Evidences being troubled at his Weakness in taking
Such an Inconsiderable Price tendered him to Lend him
money or to give him y e s d Thomas Seven hundred Pounds
for y e s d Lands But yet the matter Issuing as afores d
The Vote of the Country who had knowledge of it was
that the s d Thomas had much wrong in it Especially after
it pleased God to change his condition, and to give him
children, [he] being turned off by the s d Christopher
only with a poor Cottage and Garden Spott instead of his
for [e]s d Maintenance to the great Wrong of his Children
Especially of his Son John Afor[e]s d to whom y e S d
Lauds by right of Entailment did belong Insomuch that
m r William Derbe who had the s d Lands in his Possession
then from his father Christopher Derbe told the s d John
Chipman (being then a youth) that his father Christopher
had done him wrong that if y e s d Lands prospered with
him that he would then consider the s d John to do for him
in way of recompense for the Same when he should be of
Capacity in years to make use thereof The s d John
further Declareth that one m r Derbe A Lawyer of Dor-
chester (he supposeth y e father of that m r Derbe now
Living In Dorchester) being a friend to the mother of
the s d John Told her being Acquain[te]d withy 6 Business
and sorry for the Injury to her Heir that if it pleased God
he [the heir] Liv'd to be of Age he would himself upon
his own Charge make A Tryal for the recovery of it and in
case he recovered it Shee Should give him 10 lb Else he
would have nothing for his trouble and Charge. Further-
more John Derbe late Deceased of Yarmouth in New
278
Plimouth Government Afor[e]s d hath acknowledged here
to the s d John Chipman that his father Christopher had
done him much wrong in the for[e]s d Lands." The
claimant, so far as is known, did not institute a suit for
recovery. The estate, certainly, never came into his
possession. Its income, a moderate competence in his
day, has since been, as was above stated, quite consider-
ably increased, and probably has now a yet greater value.
As John Chipman while his wardship continued,
1G31-5, and for a period just before his marriage lived
in Plymouth where was 'established his guardian or surveil-
lant, Eichard Derby ; so did he probably, through all the
term 1631-46. He then, it seems, for a short time,
1646-9, lived in Yarmouth, to which place had removed
from Plymouth, 1643, his other relative and inimical friend
John Derby. He lived in Barnstable, 1649-79, inclu-
sive, and thereafter lived nearly thirty other years in
Sandwich. He, 1 June, 1649, then of Barnstable, bought
of Edward Fitzrandolph, and, 10 Dec., 1672, bought of,
partly exchanged with, his brother-in-law, Lieut. John
Rowland, the parties all of Barnstable, lands, etc., situ-
ated there. The original of each of these deeds of sale
is still preserved. This property, its locality the "Great
Marshes "now "West Barustable," once the principal part
of the township, and where, till somewhat recently,
was the Custom-house of the Port with the Court-house,
etc., of the County, has proved so much more "real"
than the "estate" which to him "by the right of primo-
geniture" and "right of entailment did belong," that,
continuously from his death till now, its present possessor
being William Chipman 7 , it has been alike occupied and
owned by descendants retaining his surname.
Mr. Chipman, besides sustaining, 1652-69, inclusive,
various other civil offices, was for successive years a
279
Selectman, then in Plymouth Colony invested with the
authority of a Magistrate, and was often a "Deputy to
the Court," or Representative in the Legislature. It was
a proof of his, as well as of that Colony's " meekness of
wisdom" that, when in Massachusetts rigorous laws, not
without some reason, were made and executed against
and on " people called Quakers," Plymouth Colony did,
or as the statute expressed it, "doe p[er]mitt" John
Chipman, with three associates named, "to frequent the
Quaker meetings to endeavor to reduce them from the
error of their wayes." In token of his merits and of
the public appreciation of his patriotic services, various
" graunts " of land were made to " M r John Chipman,"
1661-73, which, as to effect, were in "Barataria," for,
except as honoraries, they were never his possession.
The Church established, 1639, at Barustable, after
having been at Scituate five or six years, had emigrated by
its organic act from London, there formed 1616, and where
remained some members of whom was constituted what
still is the " South wark Church " of that city. Mr. Chipman
became, 30 Jan., 1652-3, as his wife had become, 7 Aug.,
1650, a member of the Church in Barustable. He probably
had been, as was Henry Cobb, a Deacon of that Church
for some time when, as its records state : " Henry Cobb
and John Chipman were chosen and ordained to be ruling
Elders of this same Church, and they were solemnly in-
vested with office upon y e 14th day of April Anno Dom :
1670." Mr. Chipmau, who long survived his colleague,
had in that office no successor, in the Barnstable Church.
If he was qualified for that station by wisdom and probity
as well as energy and piety ; he in that station, being to
the Church a Clergyman in all respects except that he did
not administer baptism and the Lord's Supper, so exhibited
the same qualities that, after he had removed to Sandwich,
280
the Church in Barnstable made to him offers of an annual
salary, and the Town of Barnstable voted to him the pro-
priety of valuable meadow lands, conditioned that he
would return to that position there. From an item by
which he bequeathed " my carpenter's tools," articles that
all well-provided farmers have, it has been inferred that
he was, by secular occupation, a carpenter. He was, of
record, a "yeoman."
The Will of Eu. Eld. John Chipman, dated 12 Nov.,
1702, proved 17 May, 1708, mentions his "wife Ruth"
and "the compact made at their intermarriage;" his "sons
Samuel and John," to whom were devised his "house and
lands at Barnstable;" his "daughters Elizabeth, Hope,
Lydia, Hannah, Ruth, Mercy, Bethiah, and Desire ;" his
"grandchildren Mary Gale and Jabez Dimock;"and his
"friend Mr. [Rev.] Jonathan Russel, of Barnstable;"
"sons Samuel and John, executors ;" "Mr. [Rev.] Jonathan
Russel and Mr. [Rev.] Rowland Cotton, overseers." Wit-
nesses to the Will were "Rowland Cotton, Samuel Prince,
and Nathan Bourne." Among the "18 books small and
great," which so and not otherwise were described in the
"Inventory of Elder Chipman who deceased 7 of April
1708, by William Basset and Shnbael Smith" made, one,
no doubt, was his copy of the so-called "Bay Psalm Book"
that not long since was, and probably is still, existing in
Massachusetts.
The "Will of Ruth Chipman, relict of Elder John
Chipman, late of Sandwich," dated 6 Dec., 1710, proved
8 Oct., 1713, mentions her "brother John Sergeant," her
"sister Lydia Sergeant," her "sister Felch," etc., etc.,
and "Mr. [Rev.] Rowland Cotton, executor." Witnesses
to the Will were "John Chipmau"(6) and others.
Ru. Eld. John Chipman married, 1st, 1646, Hope, born
in Plymouth, Mass., 1629, died 1683, the second daughter
281
of John Howland, Assistant, of Plymouth Colony. He
who before was, though outcast as well as off-torn, a hardy
germ, became, through this union, a stock with many
branches which were themselves stocks, like the banyan's,
and fruitful, like the palm's. There stands or lately stood,
in the ancient Burial Ground on Lothrop's Hill in Barn-
stable, a headstone denoting where was "interred y e H Body
of Mrs Hope Chipman wife of Elder John Chipman aged
54 years who changed this life for a better y e 8th of Jan-
uary 1683." Of her descendants, there have been nearly
or quite two thousand surnamed Chipman, of which number
survived, in 1864, one great grandchild, a contemporary
with several of the ninth generation with and from her
enumerated. These, with other thousands from her de-
scended, together with the many more thousands from
John Howland otherwise descended, trace their descent
from at least four of the passengers from England to
America, 1620, in the Mayflower; the wife of John
Howland, Elizabeth Tillie, and her parents, John Tillie
and his wife Elizabeth Tillie, having, along with John
Howland, come to "New Plimouth" in that company
which, then so little regarded, has since been so much
renowned.
liu. Eld. John Chipman married, 2d, 1684, Ruth, born
in Charlestown, Mass., 25 Oct., 1642, died in Sandwich,
Mass., 4 Oct., 1713, the youngest daughter of William
Sergeant, of Charlestowu and of Barnstable. She had
previously married, 1st, Jonathan Winslow, of Marshfield,
a son of Josiah, and a nephew of Gov. Edward Winslow;
and, after said Jonathan's decease, had married, 2d, in
July, 1677, Rev. Richard Bourne, a native of England,
who, after he had been honored in civil relations at
Sandwich, was, by Rev. John Eliot, of Roxbury, and Rev.
Rowland Cotton, of Sandwich, ordained, 17 Aug., 1670,
282
first pastor at Marshpec, Mass., of a Church there organ-
ized from Indians, by his labors converted to Christianity,
and who in that relation died, 1682. Her remains were
laid by the side of her last husband's in what has until
recently been known at Sandwich as " The Freeman Burial
Ground."
Of Ru. Eld. John Chipman's children, all were by his
first wife, and, except a son and a daughter each of whom
died in early infancy, all survived him, viz., eight daugh-
ters from whose marriages were a numerous progeny, and
the two sons below named, his seventh and his eleventh
child :
5. SAMUEL. 3
6. JOHN. 3
THIRD GENERATION.
5. Dea. SAMUEL, CHIPMAN, second son of Ru. Eld. John
Chipman(4), was born in Barnstable, 15 April, 1661;
deceased , 1723. He resided in Barnstable, was often
employed in its local affairs and held in esteem by its
citizens. He built, on the paternal homestead near the
Custom-house and the Court-house and upon the great
road of Cape Cod peninsula, a house which continued, in
the line of his posterity, the "Chipman Tavern" until
about 1830. The Church with which he entered into
membership, 16 Aug. 1691, elected him to office, and he,
as its records state, "having accepted the deaconship, was
ordained by prayer and laying on of hands, 1 Sept., 1706."
Said to have been a carpenter, he was, as of record, a
"yeoman" and an "innholder."
His Will, dated 31 Aug., 1722, proved 17 June, 1723,
mentions his "wife Sarah" and his "children Samuel,
Jacob, Thomas, John, Joseph, Seth, Barnabas;" "sons
Samuel, and Jacob, executors." His widow's Will, dated
283
7 Nov., 1733, mentions her children the same, Joseph
omitted, as those mentioned in her husband's Will; "sou
Barnabas, executor."
Dea. Samuel Chipman (5) married, 27 Dec., 1686,
Sarah, born 10 March, 1662-3, died 8 Jan., 1742-3, the
twelfth child of Ru. Eld. Henry Cobb, of Barnstable, etc.,
died 1679, emigrant from Kent Co., Eng., by his second
wife Sarah, married 12 Dec., 1649, a sister of Thomas
Hinkley, Governor of Plymouth Colony, and a daughter
of Samuel Hinkley, all of Barustable, who with his wife
Sarah and their four children came, 1634, from Tenterden ,
Kent Co., Eng.
Of Dea. Samuel Chiprnan's(5) eleven children, seven
of them sous, the first-born was Thomas Chipman 4 , Esq.,
successively of Stonington, Groton, and Salisbury, towns
of Conn., whose third son, Samuel Chipman 5 , of Salisbury,
Conn., and Tinmouth, Vt., was father of Hon. Nathaniel
Chipman 6 , LL.D.,b. 1752, d. 1843, Chief Justice of Vt.,
U. S. Senator, etc., and of Hon. Daniel Chipman 6 , LL.D.,
b. 1765, d. 1850, Mem. of Council of Censors of Vt., M.
C., etc., and was grandfather of Hon. Henry Chipman 7 ,
LL.D., b. 1784, d. 1867, Justice of U. S. Court for
Mich., etc. Other sons of Dea. Samuel Chipman (5),
were :
7. SAMUEL. 4
8. JOHN. 4
6. Hon. JOHN CHIPMAN, third son of Ru. Eld. John
Chipman (4), was born in Barnstable, 3 March, 1669-70;
deceased 4 Jan., 1756. He lived at Sandwich, 1691-
1712, and 1714-20; at Chilmark, 1712-13, and 1720-7;
thenceforward at Newport, R. I. In Mass., he was a
Magistrate and a military officer, a Member of the General
Court, 1719, a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas,
1722, Agent of the Eng. "Society for the Propagation of
284
the Gospel," 1723. In R. I., he was first of the six Assis-
tants of that Colony and as such was, with the other Assis-
tants and the Governor, and with Philip Cortlandt and
Daniel Horsemanden, of the New York Council, a member
of the Commissioners of Review appointed by royal author-
ity in England, who met at Norwich, Conn. ; and, in respect
to Conn.'s course toward the Indians, a famous and pro-
tracted controversy, pronounced their decision, 1738. A
member of the Church in Sandwich, he was esteemed a
"true Christian" and was "accounted a very strict man as
to moral honesty." He, as of record, was first a "cord-
wainer," and later a "storekeeper."
He married, 1st, Mary, born 13 Nov., 1671, died 12
March, 1711, a daughter of Capt. Stephen Skiff, of Sand-
wich, a Magistrate ; married, 2d, Elizabeth, widow then
of Russel and previously of Pope, at the house
of whose father, a Capt. Pope, of Dartmouth, Mass., she,
a member of Dr. Col man's Church in Boston, died 29
Jan., 1725, the daughter of Capt. Thomas Handley, of
Boston, and of his wife originally Miss Young, of Bermu-
das, W. I. ; and married, 3d, Hookey (, or Hoxie),
of R. I., who deceased 21 Feb., 1747.
The children of Hon. John Chipman(G), ten by wife
Mary and two by wife Elizabeth, were seven sons and five
daughters, of which is pertinent to the design of these
papers his eleventh child, viz. :
9. HANDLEY. 4
FOURTH GENERATION.
7. Dea. SAMUEL CHIPMAN,. second son of Dea. Samuel
Chipman (5), was born in Barnstable, 6 Aug., 1689 ; died
, 1753. He lived in Barnstable, successor to his father's
estate and business and offices. His times and himself
are illustrated, not only by his wearing garments the
285
buttons on which were dollars and smaller coins, but also
by less innocent exponents of wealth and position, such
as a "negro boy" sold to him, 1728, by the executors of
the estate of his late neighbor, a Chief Justice, and an
"Indian Squa" assigned to him, 1749, by a Justice, to serve
him "Three Tears And Four Months" because she had
stolen from him "On the Lords day the Ninth of July
Currant And On last Lords day Six Quarts of rhum of
Value Thirteen Shillings And Four Pence." Having
united with the Church about 1720, he was chosen Deacon
19 Aug., 1725. A "yeoman" and "tavern-keeper."
His Will, dated 30 Oct., 1741, proved 3 May, 1753,
mentions his "wife Mary," and his "children Hannah,
Mary, Samuel, Ebenezer, John, Nathaniel, and Timothy ;"
"son Timothy, executor."
He married, 1st, 8 Dec., 1715, Abiah, born 24 March,
1696, died 15 July, 1736, daughter of John Hinkley, Jr. ;
and married, 2d, 31 May, 1739, Mary, widow of
Green, of Boston. She was living in 1763.
Dea. Samuel Chipman (7) had, by the former of his
marriages, six sons and two daughters ; by the latter of his
marriages, one son. His third son, Dea. Timothy Chip-
man 5 , born 1723, died 1770, was father of John Chipman 6 ,
born 1762, died June, 1806, whose son William Chipman 7 ,
born 9 Jan., 1806, now owns and occupies the estate in
Barnstable there purchased and bequeathed by John Chip-
man(4). The posterity of Dea. Samuel Chipman(7), as
pertaining to Essex County, are derived from his third
child, the second son, viz. :
10. SAMUEL. 5
8. Rev. JOHN CHIPMAN, third son of Dea. Samuel Chip-
man(5), was born in Barnstable, 16 Feb., 1690-91, gr.
H. C., 1711; died 23 March, 1775. He was ordained,
28 Dec., 1715, pastor of the First Church in the Precinct
286
of Salem and Beverly, now North Beverly, Mass. Having
for some months previous preached to the congregation
in their church edifice, still used as such, he became with
others an original member of the Church formed, as in that
time was frequent, the same day that his ordination
occurred. Though the choice of him as pastor is tradition-
ally said to have been made by a very small majority,
yet his long pastorate was harmonious to the end. The
only children of one of his sons, Joseph (22), own and
occupy the manse which he built. " The Jjjssex Gazette,
Vol. II., No. 59, from Tuesday, September 5th, to Tues-
day, September 12th, 1769," furnishes an illustration of
himself and his parishioners, and of the general spirit that
pervaded New England a century ago, in what follows :
"Precinct of Salem and Beverly, Sept. 8, 1769. On
Tuesday the 5th Instant, forty-one young Women of this
Place, moved perhaps by the many later examples of others
who have in a similar Way testified their high Esteem of
their Pastors, for their Work's Sake, viz : by seeking
Wool and Flax, and working willingly for them with their
Hands, having provided themselves with these Mate-
rials, met early in the Morning at the House of the Rever-
end Mr. Chipman, and in the JCvening presented him with
seventy Run of well- wrought Yarn. A Run is a skein of
twenty Knots : the number of Knots being 1396. Mr.
Chipman had no Knowledge of this Work and Labor of
Love till the Day was appointed and near at Hand ; but al-
though he desired not the Gift, yet he always rejoices to
see Fruit abound to their Account; and the repeated
kindness of his People to him, in his advanced Age, as
well as their living in the Exercise of social Virtues each
toward the other excites his Gratitude. N. B. The young
Gentlewomen were not moved in the least by political
Principles in the Affair above, yet they are the cordial
287
Lovers of Liberty, particularly of the Liberty of drinking
Tea with their Bread and Butter, to which their Pastor
consents."
The Church having, 10 Dec., 1770, acceded to Mr.
Chipraan's proposal to that effect, Rev. Enos Hitchcock,
D.D., was ordained Pastor Associate, 1 May, 1771.
"A Lecture Comprising the History of the Second Par-
ish in Beverly," published 1835, represents Mr. Chipman
as having "been held in the highest esteem and reverence
by his people." The same publication, to an expression
of the great "influence" which "he exercised over them,"
adds: "His influence abroad was proportionally com-
mensurate with that exerted at home." When in New
England and elsewhere many, whether as leaders or as
followers, were either passionately opposing or indiscrim-
inately favoring certain methods and movements relative
to advancing practical Christianity, he as discriminately as
decidedly approved only discreet as well as honest eu-
deavors. Among some seventy signatures to "The Tes-
timony and Advice of an Assembly of Pastors of Churches
in New England, at a meeting in Boston, July 7, 1743,
occasioned by the late happy Revival of Religion in many
parts of our laud j" is found appended to his name a qual-
ification or adjustment of his concurrence, thus: "John
Chipman, pastor of a Church in Beverly, to the substance,
scope, and end." He showed his love for Christian doc-
trine and his vigilant care to retain and maintain its purity
in a work published whose title is : " Remarks on Some
Points of Doctrine, Apprehended by many as Unsound,
Propagated in Preaching and Conversation, and since
Published, by the Reverend Mr. William Balch, Pastor of
the Second Church in Bradford. Humbly offered to the
Consideration of the Ministers and Churches of New Eng-
land, by Samuel Wigglesworth, A. M., Pastor of a Church
288
in Ipswich, and John Chipman, M. A., Pastor of a Church
in Beverly . . . Boston : Printed . . . Mdccxlvi." It is
believed that a Thanksgiving Discourse by Mr. Chipman
was printed.
The "Essex Gazette, Vol. vn., from March 28th to
April 4th, 1775," contains an .obituary notice of him in
which is said : " It pleased the Father of Spirits to indue
him with superior natural Powers, which he greatly im-
proved by a close Application to his Studies, and making
Divinity his principal Study. He was well qualified for
the important Work to which he was called, and was a
great Blessing in his Station. He had many Children,
whom he educated with great Wisdom and Prudence.
His Family has been called a School of useful Knowledge
and Virtue. . . His People were highly favoured of the
Lord, in being directed to so able, faithful, and successful
a Minister, and in having him continued with them for
such a length of Time. . . May his numerous Offspring,
and all that knew him, especially Ministers of the Gospel,
follow the excellent Example he has left us." Some of
the last expressions quoted have at least now the more
significance from a prediction which has, as made by him,
been, in the present writer's line of descent from him, pre-
served, and which has till this date been literally fulfilled,
to the effect that no pastor succeeding him in that Church
would die Avhile sustaining to it the pastoral relation.
The headstone at his grave, between his wives' graves
in the old Burial Ground at North Beverly, bears, below
the representation of a person wearing an " academical
gown" and "clerical bands, "a Latin inscription which
purports : "A man eminent for solid powers of mind and
useful learning, and particularly distinguished by his
acquaintance with the Scriptures ; serious and pungent in
preaching the word ; penetrated with love of the religion
289
of Jesus, and by his own example teaching others its pre-
cepts ; in presiding over the Church vigilant and upright ;
to all the flock benevolent and just; heartily embracing
the good of all sects ; remarkable for the performance of
mutual and social duties ; in his family exemplary in every
Christian duty; by prosperity not inflated; in adversity
most patient ; he yielded up his spirit in most firm hope
of a happy immortality."
There hangs still in the place where in his lifetime it
hung, a portrait of him which one of his granddaughters
owns, Miss Eliza Maria Chipman(55), of North Beverly.
Large-sized photographic copies were, 1865, made of it, in
Salem, at the charge of one of his great-grandsons, James
Prescott Swain, Esq., of New York. A copy of it, painted
by the artist Alexander, is the property of another of his
great-grandsons, Hon. John Chipman Gray, of Boston.
The Will of "John Chipman, clerk," dated 4 July, 1769,
proved 4 April, 1775, mentions "my children, viz., Henry,
Joseph, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Sarah, Mary, Hannah and
Abigail;" "John Warren, my grandson;" "Ward, the
son of my son John ;" "the six children of my son John,
deceased ;" "my late wife, Hannah ;" "Mr. Joseph Warren ;"
"Mr. Ebenczer Warren;" "the late Rev. John Warren;"
and "my negro woman, Moreah." "Sou Joseph exec-
utor."
Rev. John Chipman married, 1st, 12 Feb., 1718-9,
Rebecca Hale, born 19 Nov., 1701 ; died 4 July, 1751.
A Latin inscription upon the headstone at her grave
commemorates her as "of marked piety, the ornament of
her sex, an exemplar to her family, and the crown of her
husband." Her father was Robert Hale, gr. H. C. 1686,
for a time, 1695 included, a preacher in Preston, Conn.,
subsequently a teacher and long a physician and magis-
trate in Beverly, son of Rev. John Hale, gr. H. C., 1657,
19
290
pastor in Beverly, 1667-1700, and grandson of Dea.
Robert Halo, of Charlestown, 1632-59. Her mother,
wife of Dr. Robert Hale, was Elizabeth, born 15 May,
1684, died in Beverly, 24 Jan., 1762, who, daughter of
Nathaniel Clark, of Newbury, married, 2d, 1720, Col.
John Oilman, of Exeter, N. H.
Rev. John Chipman married, 2d, 20 Nov., 1751, Han-
nah Warren, born 31 March, 1707 ; died 24 June, 1769.
The inscription on the headstone at her grave represents
her as, for her "Excellent Knowledge and Pions Prudence,
worthy of most grateful Remembrance." Her father was
Joseph Warren, of Roxbury (now Boston), son of Peter
Warren, of Boston. Her brother Joseph was father of
the orator and patriot Dr. Joseph Warren, President of
the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, who, a Major
General just appointed, fell, volunteering as a private, in
the battle on Bunker's Hill ; as also of John Warren,
whose son was the late John C. Warren, of Boston, dis-
tinguished practitioners and professors of surgery. To
another of her brothers, Rev. John Warren, she, as below
appears, was by her marriage made stepmother ; like as
Ru. Eld. John Chipman (4)'s second wife had by her last
marriage become stepmother to a brother, viz. , John Sar-
gent, of Maiden, whose third wife was Lydia Chipman 3 ,
a daughter of the said Ru. Eld. John.
Rev. John Chipman's fifteen children, all by the first
marriage, and of whom each was baptized on the Lord's
day next after its birth, were :
11. Elizabeth 5 , b. 21 Dec., 1719; d. 7 Nov. 1773; m.,
1st, 21 April, 1737, Rev. John Warren, b. 18 Sept.,
1704, gr. H. C. 1725, d. 19 July, 1749, ordained pastor
of Church in Wenham, 10 Jan., 1732-3; and m., 2d, 3
July, 1751, Rev. Joseph Swain, b. 1721, gr. H. C., 1744,
d. 27 June, 1792, ordained pastor of Church in Wenham,
291
24 Oct., 1750. By her first marriage were children John,
Elizabeth, Deborah, and Rebecca. Of issue from her
second marriage are grandsons James Prcscott Swain, of
Bronxville and New York, N. Y., 1871, and Chipman
Swain, Esq., of Brattleboro, Vt., 1840, since at the AVest.
12. Sarah 5 , b. 20 Nov., 1721 ; d. 10 Dec., 1721.
13. JOHN 5 .
14. Sarah 5 , b. 16 Nov., 1724; m. John Leech, Jr., of
Salem; their intention of marriage published 11 March,
1743-4.
15. SAMUEL 5 .
16. Rebecca 5 , b. 25 July, 1728 ; d. 28 Oct., 1763 ; m.,
14 Feb., 1749, Rev. Nehemiah Porter, b. 20 March,
1719-20, gr. H. C., 1745, d. 29 Feb., 1820, ordained
pastor of a Church in Ipswich (now Essex), Mass., 3 Jan.,
1750-1, dis. June, 1766, founder and installed pastor of
a (Cong.) Church, Yarmouth, N. S., 2 Sept., 1767, and
installed pastor of Church in Ashfield, Mass., 21 Dec.,
1774. Through his agency was procured, for one hundred
and fifty proprietors, the grant of said Yarmouth's land,
in width from three to sixteen miles, in length thirty, the
earliest emigrants to which, as indicated by the records
of said Church there, went in about equal proportions
from Essex Co., Mass., and Windham Co., Conn. Among
the children of Rev. Nehemiah Porter and of his first
wife, abovenamed, was Nehemiah, who established him-
self at said Yarmouth, and left, with other children,
Eunice, wife of Hon. Joseph Shaw, a step-son of the late
Capt. Zachariah Chipnian 5 , son of Handley Chipman (9) ;
and Joseph, of said Ashfield, father of Rev. Charles Sum-
merfield Porter, who, aged sixty-five years, deceased at
Boston, Mass., 10 April, 1870.
17. Robert 5 , b. 30 July, 1730; d. 30 Oct., 1736.
18. HENRY 5 .
292
19. Byley 5 , b. 24 April, 1734; d., at Boston, 10 May,
1752.
20. Robert Hale 5 , b. 17 March, 1736 : d. at sea, in his
youth.
21. JOSEPH 5 .
22. Mary 5 , b. 15 Jan., 1740-1 ; d. 1791 ; m., 5 Dec.,
1775, Timothy Leech, of Beverly.
23. Hannah 5 , b. 20 Dec., 1742 ; d. 22 April, 1829 ; m.,
28 June, 1772, Miles Ward, 3d, of Salem, b. 12 July,
1744; d. 23 Oct., 1796.
24. Abigail 5 , b. 11 Jan., 1744-5; d. 1816; m., 9 Jan.,
1776, Capt. William Groves, of Beverly.
25. BENJAMIN 5 .
9. HANDLEY CHIPMAN, Esq., seventh son of Hon. John
Chipman(6) , was born in Sandwich, Mass., 31 Aug., 1717 ;
died 27 May, 1799. He lived, 1740-61, in Newport, R.
I., and thenceforward in Cornwallis, N. S. He was, in
R. I., a magistrate, and, in N. S., a magistrate and Judge
of Probate. Decidedly a Congregationalist, yet loving
all good men and at his decease leaving a bequest to the
Baptist Church and to the Episcopal, as well as to that of
which he had been a member, in Cornwallis, he by a work
in manuscript owned now by the writer of this notice, viz.,
"Short Comments," etc., on the New Testament, has left
evidence that he sought to be indeed a Christian. Origi-
nally, a "cabinet maker."
He married, 1st, 24 April, 1740, Jane, born 28 Aug.,
1722, deceased 5 April, 1775, daughter of Col. John
Allen, d. about 1765, aged 87, of Martha's Vineyard
(island), Mass., and of his wife Margaret, b. 28 Aug.,
1722, d. about 1768, daughter of Rev. William Homes,
ordained, 1715, pastor of the Church in Chilmark, Mass. ;
and married, 2d, 14 Dec., 1775, Nancy, born 1751, died
28 Jan., 1802, daughter of Stephen Post, died 15 March,
293
1762, and of Clark, his wife, died 3 June, 1802, emi-
grants to N. S. from Saybrook, Conn.
The children of Handley Chipman(9), Esq., by his
first marriage were eleven ; by his second were five.
William Allen Chipmau 5 , Esq., his eleventh child, was
father of Rev. William Chipman 6 , one of whose twenty-
one children was Isaac 7 , born 1817, gr. Colby Univ. (then
Wat. C.), 1839, died 1852, Professor in Acadia College,
N. S. Hon. M;ijor Chipman 5 , his fifteenth child, born 4
Dec., 1780, was surviving, at his residence, Annapolis,
N. S., 1864 ; and thus he, a greatgrandson of the emigrant-
ancestor John Chipman (4) , was, as these papers may show,
a contemporary with persons surnamed Chipman in each
of five generations more remote in the Chipman lineage,
descending, than his own. Specially pertaining to the
design of these papers was said Haiidley Chipmau's ninth
child :
26. ANTHONY 5 .
FIFTH GENERATION.
10. SAMUEL CHIPMAN, second sou of Dea. Samuel
Chipman (7), was born in Barnstable, 25 Nov., 1721;
died about 1780. He lived in Groton, Conn. He was
in the ill-fated " Havanna Expedition," 1762-3. He mar-
ried, about 1746, Ruth Baker, of said Groton, born not
fur from 1730; deceased near 1780. Of their twelve
children was one some of whose posterity have been of
Essex Co., Mass., viz. :
27. THOMAS. 6
13. JOHN CHIPMAN, Esq., oldest son of Rev. John
Chipman (8), was born in Beverly, 23 Oct., 1722, gr.
H. C., 1738 ; died 1 July, 1768. He lived in Marblehead
at the period in which its commercial enterprise had an
enlarged and prosperous career. Admitted to the practice
204
of law, when in this country the legal profession extended
scarcely beyond the routine of precedents and forms, he,
recognizing it as demanding a mastery of principles and
opening broad fields of investigation, so gave to it abilities
of a high order and pursued it with industry and ardor,
that his services were appreciated and sought for in dis-
tant localities. At the time of his decease, there were
only some twenty-five barristers, himself included, within
the Massachusetts Colony which then embraced what now
is the State of Maine. In Portland (then Falmouth),
Me., on a monument over his grave is inscribed: "John
Chipman, Esq., Barrister-at-law, was born Oct. 23 d , A.
D. 1722, and died July 1 st , A. D. 1768, of an apoplexy
with which he was suddenly seized in the Court House
in Falmouth, while he was arguing a cause before the
Superior Court of Judicature then sitting. To the re-
membrance of his great learning, uniform integrity and
singular humanity and benevolence, this monument is
dedicated by a number of his brethren at the bar."
His widow was for sometime a Teacher, aided by one or
more of her daughters, in Salem.
He married, in Cambridge, July, 1744, Elizabeth,
sister to Rev. Cotton Brown, ordained, 26 Oct., 1748,
pastor of the Church in Brookline, and oldest daughter
of Rev. John Brown, of Haverhill, died 1742, and of
his wife Joanna, whose father, Rev. Rowland Cotton, of
Sandwich, was son of Rev. John Cotton, of Plymouth,
and grandson of Rev. John Cotton, of Boston, Eng., and
Boston, Mass.
Twelve children :
28. John 6 , b. 30 July, 1745 ; d. in infancy.
29. Nathaniel 6 , bap. 31 May, 1747 ; d. in childhood.
30. Abigail 6 , b. 27 Jan., 1749 ;'d., her husband's sur-
vivor, 30 May, 1815; m., 29 Jan., 1769, Capt. Peter
295
Bubicr, resident, a few years preceding 1782, in Lan-
caster, afterward in Marblehead, and grandson to whom
was Lt. John Bubier, U. S. N.
31. John 6 , bap. 28 Jan., 1750; d. in childhood.
32. Rebecca 6 , b. 16 Oct., 1752; d. 27 Dec., 1823;
m., 27 Dec., 1773, Capt. William Blackler, d. 18 Jan.,
1818, resident in Marblehead.
33. WARD 6 .
34. Elizabeth 6 , b. 9 June, 1756 ;m., 28 March, 1782,
Hon. William Gray, b., at Lynn, 27 June, 1750, d. 14
Nov., 1825. Long a distinguished merchant, at Salem
and at Boston, at one period " the largest ship-owner in
the IT. S.," and whose "fleet of commercial vessels" that
once reached "to the number of forty-four, many of them
the largest ships then constructed," was "kept perpetually
plying over nearly every ocean and to every seaport in the
world," Mr. Gray so far intermitted his commerce as to
serve Massachusetts for a single term as her Lieutenant
Governor. A writer, probably the late Col. Samuel
Swett, of Boston, by marriage Mr. Gray's son-in-law,
after affirming that Mr. Gray committed to his wife the
entire direction of his large household and that she was
competent to the position, added, in the same public jour-
nal : " With her experience as a Teacher, and as a super-
intendent of a relative's family, she'was perfectly qualified
to conduct all their domestic concerns and superintend
the education of her children." With this compare Joseph
Chipman(21).
35. Nathaniel 6 , b. May, bap. 7 May, 1758 ; d. in
infancy.
36. Samuel 6 ,
37. Mary 6 ,
38. Joanna 6 , bap. 5 July, 1761; m., 14 Nov., 1790,
Capt. William Ward, of Salem and of Medford, b. 28
(bap. 26 Aug., 1759 ; d. in infancy.
296
Dec., 1761, d. 9 May, 1827, whose first wife was Martha
Proctor, m. 16 Feb., 1785; cl. Jan., 1788.
39. John 6 , bap. 7 Aug., 1763, d. after completing the
course of study in II. C., but before his class had received
the first academical degree.
15. Capt. SAMUEL CHIPMAN, second son of Rev. John
Chipmari (8), was born in Beverly, 11 Dec., 1726; died
19 Sept., 1761. He lived at Ipswich a short time, there-
after at Salem. He deceased at St. Martin's (island),
W. I. A shipmaster. Administration of his estate was
granted to his widow 16 Nov., 1761, and her account was
allowed 2 June, 1762. One lino in the "Inventory of
Capt. Samuel Chipman," comprises four articles with
their values annexed, as follows; "Wheelbarrow Is. a
Cow 48s. a Negro Boy 40. 1 Hogsheadd of Rum." His
oldest granddaughter kept in memory the name of the
"Boy," Sabe.
Capt. Samuel Chipman married (intention of marriage
published 30 June, 1744) Anstice, born 23 Oct., 1725,
died 25 April, 1789, oldest of the children, all daughters,
of Capt. Richard Manning, of Ipswich, born 1700, died 6
April, 1774, and of his first wife Margaret, born 1700,
died 15 July, 1762, oldest daughter of Jacob Boardman
and of his wife, widow of John Rogers, and daughter of
Richard Smith, Jr., all of Ipswich. Administration* of
the estate of Mrs. Anstice Chipman was granted to her
oldest son, 16 July, 1791.
Nine children :
40. JOHN 6 .
41. Richard 6 , b. 20 Oct., 1748. He resided at Salem.
Impressed, about 1775, into the British navy, he d., as
believed, an inmate of Greenwich Naval Hospital in Lon-
don. A mariner, unm.
42. Thomas 6 , bap. 27 Jan., 1750; d. in infancy.
297
43. Anstice 6 , bap. 17 Nov., 1754; d. 25 April, 1821;
m., 1st, 23 July, 1772, Joshua Richardson, d. 22 Feb.,
1774, aged 28 ;*and m., 2d, 23 Oct., 1777, Thomas Man-
ning, d. about 1780, a mariner; all of Salem. Mrs.
Anstice Manning was for many years a Teacher.
44. THOMAS 6 .
45. Rebecca 6 , bap. 3 Sept., 1758; m., at Salem, 5
May, 1776, Capt. Stephen Egen, of the British army.
At New York, where he was stationed during its occupa-
tion by the British forces, Capt. Egen and his family are
said to have received in sickness kind attentions from her
cousin Ward Chipman (33) who, after Capt. Egen and
his wife had there died, forwarded their two children, as
is stated, to Caft. Egcn's father in Ireland.
46. Margaret 6 , b. 3 June, 1760; d. about 1772.
47. Elizabeth 6 , also b. 3 June 1760; d. 20 Sept., 1844.
Unm.
48. Samuel 6 , b. 1761 ; d. about 1783. A mariner. Unm.
18. HEXRY CHIPMAST, fourth son of Rev. John Chip-
man (8), was born in Beverly, 23 June, 1732; died
before 1800. He lived at Newbury (-port). As of rec-
ord, a "tinner." He married, 5 Feb., 1755, Mary,
daughter of Samuel Carr, and widow of Zechariah Now-
ell, of Newbury, which Mary died 29 June, 1801, at the
house of Joseph Vincent, of Salem, husband of Lydia,
one of the issue of said Mary's first marriage.
Five children :
49. Elizabeth 6 , b. 11 June, 1756; d. an infant,
50. Rebecca 6 , b. 13 May, 1758 ; d. unm.
51. Elizabeth Carr 6 ,b. 9 Dec., 1759 ; m., 1 Oct., 1783,
Jonathan Stickney, of Newbury port.
52. Paulina 6 , b. 11 June, 1761 ; d. iu infancy.
53. Paulina 6 , b. 7 Dec., 1763; m., 20 Oct., 1794,
Michael Morrison, of Newburyport.
298
21. JOSEPH CHIPMAN, seventh son of Kev. John Chip-
man (8), was born in Beverly, 26 Oct., 1738; died 9
May, 1817. He lived in Salem, 1759-92 ; thenceforward
in Beverly. To his original business, in the one place
mercantile, in the other, a tannery and agricultural pur-
suits were added. On the paternal estate transferred to
him partly before and partly after his father's decease,
stand, as apt tokens of his own strong frame and character,
substantial walls of huge granite stones, well-split, which
around his fields were built by his direction. On a hill
which formed, near Wenharn Lake, a portion of that es-
tate, is now a reservoir pertaining to the new Water
Works for supplying, more amply than the old, the "pri-
mary fluid" to the city of Salem. Like his brother
Samuel, with his father, and his uncle Samuel, he was a
slave-holder, a "Peter," named in Salem records, 1797-8,
"Peter Chipman" as then a householder, having at a
very much earlier date been in an entry made of an old
account called, with reference to Joseph Chipman (21),
"your negro Peter." More honorable is the record that,
among the names of "Volunteers from Salem for the
Rhode Island Expedition," Aug., 1778, is found "Joseph
Chipman." He, while unmarried, "kept house" in Salem
as an aid to his apprentices and his journeymen, the admin-
istration being confined to a relative, or some other woman
of energy. Although it is in the due place recorded that
"Joseph Chipman and Dorothy Churchill, both of Salem,
entered their intention of marriage, 16 March, 1771," he
remained for more than thirty years after that time a
bachelor. A portrait of him which, taken in his prime,
is in his daughter's possession, indicates less of the vigor
which he had than of an unusual masculine beauty. A
" pump-and-block-maker."
He married, 1st, 2 Jan., 1803, Elizabeth Obear, of
299
Beverly, who d. in or near 1807 ; and married, 2d, 7
Feb., 1809, Elizabeth Fowler, of Beverly, who d. 29
Aug., 1852.
Two children :
54. JOHN HALE 6 .
55. Eliza Maria 6 , b. 9 March, 1813. She resides with
her brother. She in former years was a Teacher.
25. Capt. BENJAMIN CHIPMAN, youngest sou of Rev.
John Chipman (8), was born in Beverly, 8 June, 1751 ;
died April, 1783. He lived in Salem. Captured in the
privateer schooner Warren, of Salem, 27 Dec., 1777,
and, in England, committed to the so-called Mill Prison,
he managed to escape and to reach his home. A ship-
master.
He married, about 1779, Anna, daughter of Jonathan
Porter, which Anna married, 2d, 10 July, 1798, Dea.
John Dike, of Beverly and Salem.
Two children :
56. Benjamin 6 , d. young.
57. Anna 6 (or Nancy), b. 13 Aug., 1783; d. about
1854 ; m., 8 April, 1817, Capt. Joseph Wilson, of Salem,
whom she, childless, long survived.
26. ANI'HONY CHIPMAX, fourth son of Handley Chipman
(9), Esq., was born in Newport, R. I., 1754; died (later
than April), 1790. He lived in Gloucester. He fora
time was a soldier in the American army, serving under a
"Col. Tucker." He went to Gloucester, 1780, after
having at Halifax, N. S., deserted from the British naval
service into which he had been impressed. A mariner.
He married, 1783, Anna Lurvey who married, 2d,
1792, Samuel Wonson, and thereafter resided in what now
is Rockport.
Two children :
58. ANTHONY 6 .
59. James 6 , b. 12 Aug., 1788; d., an adult, mini.
300
SIXTH GENERATION.
27. THOMAS CHIPMAN, oldest son of Samuel Chipman
(10), was born in Groton, Conn., about 1747 ; died 18.03.
He lived in Ne t w London, Conn. He married, about
177(5, Rachel Moore, of now Greenport, N. Y., who sur-
vived him. Of their six children, pertains to the design
of these papers the oldest :
GO. THOMAS 7 .
33. Hon. WARD CHIPMAN, fourth son of John Chipman
(13), Esq., was born in Marblchead, 30 July, 1754; gr.
H. C., 1770; died 9 Feb., 1824. The oration which lie
delivered at his graduation was the first delivered on such
occasions there, in the vernacular language. He, in 1771,
was Preceptor of the Free School in Roxbury, Mass. He
studied law in Boston, under direction of Hon. Jonathan
Scwall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachu-
setts, and Hon. Daniel Leonard, author of political papers
published in a Boston journal, 1774-5, and signed "Mas-
sachusettensis," which, an able defence of the British
Government, were answered by John Adams, Esq., after-
ward President of the United States. Associated in those
professional studies with Mr. Chipman was, it is said,
Thomas Coffin who, a cousin of Adm. Sir Isaac Coffin,
became a Secretary of Sir Guy Carleton, and the Commis-
sary General of Quebec. Mr. Leonard, who at first had
advocated the cause of the Colonies with, as Pres. Adams
said, "great eloquence and energy," was drawn over to the
Royalist side of the controversy by Gov. Hutchinson ; and
then, as seems sufficiently manifest, drew with him to that
side Mr. Chipman. The last-named, after completion of
his preparatory studies, practised law in some interior
town, probably Lancaster, Mass., since he there, or else-
where in Worcester Co., owned land, the same, as may be
301
inferred, which, "with right to a seat in the Meeting-house,''
his brother-in-law Capt. Peter Bubicr (30) conveyed, 31
Dec., 1781, to his uncle Joseph Chipman (21). "Ward
Chfpman" and "Daniel Leonard," with fifteen other names,
appear, upon "The Loyal Address" to Governor Gage,
on his departure from Boston, 14 Oct., 1775, as "of those
Gentlemen who were driven from their Habitations in the
Country to the Town of Boston." Mr. Leonard subse-
quently was Chief Justice of Bermudas. Mr Chipman,
probably in company with Mr. Leonard who, in 1776,
went with the British to Halifax, N. S., and thence to
England, "was obliged to abandon his native land, on
the evacuation of Boston in 1776. Having repaired to
England, the Royal bounty bestowed on him a pension in
common with a long list of his suffering fellow-country-
men ; but a state of inaction being ill-suited to his ardent
mind, in less than a year he relinquished his pension and
rejoined the King's troops at New York where he was
employed in a Military Department and in the practice
of the Court of Admiralty until the Peace of 1783. On
the first erection of this Province [New Brunswick] , he
was appointed Solicitor General, and continually afterward
bore a conspicuous and most useful part in its affairs as
an Advocate at the Bar, a Member of the House of As-
sembly, a Member of his Majesty's Council, a Judge of
the Supreme Court, and Agent on the part of his Majest\^
before several Commissioners for settling disputed points
of boundary with the United States, until he closed his
mortal career while administering the Government of the
Province as President and Commander in Chief during a
vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor." He died at
Frederickton, N. B. The inscription on the monument at
St. John, N. B., "erected over the remains " of Mr. Chip-
man, adds to the above-quoted statements the following :
302
"Distinguished during the whole of his varied and
active life for his superior abilities and unweariuble zeal,
for genuine integrity and singular humanity and benevo-
lence, his loss was universally deplored ; and this frYiil
tribute from his nearest connexions affords but a feeble
expression of the affectionate respect with which they
cherished the memory of his virtues."
Although by the ardor of his youth and by gifted
instructors counselling him, then fatherless, he had, as
"retaining his loyalty to his Sovereign," become an exile
from New England,* he, the inscription also states, yet
"retained an affection for New England." An attestation
of that affection was given by the education of his son at
the same college of which he himself was, as his father
and his grandfather had been, a graduate.
President Chipman married, about 1785, Elizabeth,
surviving in 1851, daughter of Hon. William Hazen, born
in Haverhill, Mass., 1739, died at St. John, N. B., 1814,
a member of the Executive Council of that Province from
its erection, 1784, and of his wife Sarah, only daughter
of Dr. Joseph Le Baron, and of his wife Sarah, born
1726, one of the children of Rev. Nathaniel Leonard, of
Plymouth, Mass., and of his wife Priscilla, daughter of
Dr. Daniel Rogers, of Ipswich, Register of Probate and
Treasurer of Essex Co., Mass., which last-named Sarah
married, 2d, John White, Esq., of Haverhill. Mr. Hazen,
with associates, Mr. White and Mr. Symonds, received,
before the American Revolution, a grant, from the British
Government, of a tract of land on which now stands the
city of St. John, N. B. President Chipman thus became
by his marriage the possessor of a large landed estate.
One child :
61. WARD 7 .
40. JOHN CHIPMAN, oldest son of Capt. Samuel Chip-
man (15), was born in Ipswich, 9 Aug., 1746; died 25
303
Dec., 1819. He resided in Salem. During the Revolu-
tionary War he, with Samuel Jones as partner, was en-
gaged in the manufacture of saltpetre, encouraged by the
stimulus of a governmental bounty; and subsequently
was, as is believed, one of the crew of the letter-of-
marque ship, Julius Caesar, (or of some other) of Salem,
Capt. Jonathan Hurradeu, commander ; and in another
cruise was armorer of the Mass, ship Tyrannicide, Capt.
John Fisk, commander. A cabinet-maker and surveyor
of lumber.
Mr. Chipman married, 1st, 22 May, 1768, Hannah,
bap. 28 Jan., 1749, died 21 April, 1797, youngest daugh-
ter of Capt. Eleazer Moses, born 28 Nov., 1703, died
1786, and of his wife Mary Henderson; and married 2d,
30 Jan., 1801, Elizabeth Towzer, of Salem, born about
1754, died not far from 1847, in Lebanon, Me.
Nine children :
62. Mary Henderson 7 , b. 12 April, 1769; d. 13 Oct.,
1853. Unm.
63. Samuel 7 , b. 2 July, 1770; d. 12 March, 1789.
64. John 7 , b. 13 May, 1772 ; d. 20 May, 1780.
65. Eleazer Moses 7 , b. 20 Oct., 1774; d. at sea, July,
1795. Admin, granted 7 April, 1804. A mariner.
Unm.
66. Hannah 7 , b. 13 Aug., 1777; d. Dec., 1780.
67. Elizabeth 7 , b. 22 July, 1780; d. 20 Sept., 1859;
m., 9 May, 1829, Capt. Samuel Gerrish, of Salem. Mrs.
Gerrish had, for many years before her marriage, been a
Teacher.
68. JOHN 7 .
69. RICHARD MANNING 7 .
70. SAMUEL 7 .
44. Capt. THOMAS CHIPMAN, fourth son of Capt. Samuel
Chipman (15), was born in Salem, 18 Nov., 1756 ; died 4
304
Dec., 1821. Captured soon after his marriage and with
his vessel carried to Eng., he regained his home after a
vexatious detention, by the British authorities, of more
than live years. He resided in Salem. A shipmaster and
a trader. He married, 24 Jan., 1779, Elizabeth Millet,
of Salem, b. 31 July, 1757 ; d. 20 Nov., 1808.
Eight children :
71. WARD 7 .
72. Thomas 7 , b. 8 July, 1785 ; d. 22 Oct., 1808. Re-
sided in Salem. A dealer in hardware. Unm.
73. Andrew 7 , b. 1 June, 1787; d. 8 Sept., 1789.
74. Samuel 7 , b. 20 June, 1789; d. 7 Sept., 1790.
75. Elizabeth 7 , b. 8 Nov., 1790; d. 24 June, 1794.
76. Anstice 7 , b. 25 April, 1792 ; d. 8 Sept., 1808.
77. Elizabeth 7 , b. 2 July, 1795 ; m. Capt. Joseph, son
of Capt. Gamaliel Hodges, of Salem.
78. Margaret 7 , b. 14 Oct., 1797; d. 25 Oct., 1808.
54. JOHN HALE CHIPMAN, son of Joseph Chipman (21),
was born in Beverly, 11 May, 1811. Resides in Beverly.
A farmer. He married, 31 Dec., 1833, Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Capt. Hugh Hill.
Six children :
79. JAMES EDWARD 7 .
80. John Joseph 7 , a twin brother, b. 17 Nov. 1834;
d. 14 March, 1836.
81. Joseph 7 , b. 11 July, 1836; d. 24 June, 1843.
82. JOHN HALE 7 .
83. Jackson Hill 7 , b. 21 Oct., 1842; d. 19 March,
1850.
84. Joseph 7 , b. 21 Feb., 1846.
58. Capt. ANTHONY CHIPMAN, elder son of Anthony
Chipman(26), was born in Gloucester, 16 July, 1786.
He, living in Rockport till 1837, and thence till 1857 in
Stenbcn, Me., has since 1857 lived in Millbridge, Me.
305
A shipmaster. He married 1st, 3 Dec., 1809, Sarah,
died 15 Aug., 1819, daughter of Edmund Pool and of
his wife Sarah Tarr; and married 2d, 24 Nov., 1820,
Sarah, died 12 March, 1857, who, a daughter of
Thurston, was the widow of William Davis, mariner.
Two children by Sarah (Pool) :
85. A child 7 ; d. in infancy.
86. A child 7 ; d. in infancy.
Four children by Sarah (Davis) :
87. ANTHONY 7 .
88. DANIEL 7 .
89. GEORGE 7 .
90. James 7 , b. 6 Dec., 1830 ; d. 3 April, 1851. Unm.
SEVENTH GENERATION.
60. THOMAS CHIPMAN, oldest son of Thomas Chip-
man (27), was bom in New London, Conn., 14 Aug.,
1778 ; died 20 May, 1813. He lived in Newburyport.
His death occurred at New Orleans, La. A manner.
He married, 19 Feb., 1809, Rebecca, died 20 Nov., 1818*
daughter of Billings Putnam, of Newbuiyport, born ia
Danvers.
Three children :
91. Hannah Wire 8 , born 7 May, 1809; m., 1st, Joseph
Carlton, of West Newbury, Mass. ; and m., 2d, John B.
Parker, of same place, who d. 5 April, 1854.
92. THOMAS JOSEPH 8 .
93. Benjamin Putnam 8 , b. 10 Jan., 1813; d. 20 Sept.,
1813.
61. Hon. WARD CHIPMAN, LL.D., son of Hon. Ward
Chipman(33), was bom in St. John, N. B., 21 July,
1787; gr. H. C., 1805; died 26 Nov., 1851. In 1842
Rev. John Pierce, D. D., said of him : "He was preemi-
nently the first scholar in his class, whose eloquent oration
20
306
*On the Influence of Learning,' when he was graduated, I
well remember." Admitted early to practice in the Courts
of New Brunswick, he soon'took and steadily held in them
the post conceded to mental culture and power. Having
while his father lived been Attorney General of the
Province, he was, 17 March, 1824, the next month after
his father's decease, appointed to the position which that
decease had made vacant, a Justice of the Supreme
Court of Judicature. He was elected Chief Justice of that
Court, 29 Sept., 1834, which he, mainly on account of
impaired health, resigned 19 Feb., 1851. Announcing the
resignation, a prominent journal in the Province added :
"" During the long period he has been connected with
the ' Bench of New Brunswick, his decisions have been
highly satisfactory and his legal attainments considered of
no ordinary description, not only by the Bar of this Prov-
ince, but by all jurists in other countries. Up to the
present time his decisions are said to command as much
confidence, as to their correctness, as at any former
period." When the result of arbitration submitted by
Great Britain and the United States, respecting questions
that rose soon after the last war between those parties, had
been declared, Mr. Chipmau published, and in 1839, he
republished, anonymously: "Remarks upon the Disputed
Points of Boundary under the Fifth Article of the Treaty
of Ghent, principally compiled from the statements laid
by the Government of Great Britain before the king of
the Netherlands as Arbiter." Heir to an estate which
by situation was productive as well as large, Mr. Chipman
lived, though not with ostentation, in a sort of baronial
style. He left to the " Church Society" of New Brunswick,
a bequest of $50,000. The Prince of Wales, while he was
at St. John, Aug., 1860, was the guest of Mr. Chipman's
widow.
307
Chief Justice Ward Chipman married a daughter of
W. Wright, Esq., Collector of the Customs in St. John.
He had no children.
68. JOHN CHIPMAN, fourth son of John Chipman(40),
was born in Salem, 6 Nov., 1783 ; died 8 March, 1856.
He lived in Salem. In the last war with England he once
or oftener was one of the crew of a vessel sailing, with
letters of marque, from that port. A harness-maker and
chaise-trimmer. He married, 14 May, 1807, Hannah, dau.
of George Tucker and of his wife Deborah (Foster) .
Ten children :
94. Mary 8 , m. William Moses Towusend ; both d.
95. JOHN MOSES 8 . 96. Hannah 8 .
97. Deborah Foster 8 , m. George A. Dix.
98. ANDREW TUCKER 8 .
99. Margaret 8 , m. Mark Floyd.
100. Elizabeth 8 . 101. Anstice 8 .
102. Laura M 8 . ; m. George Jenks Battis.
103. Ellen 8 ; d., a Teacher.
69. Dea. RICHARD MANNING CHIPMAN, fifth son of John
Chipman (40), was born in Salem, 23 Oct., 1786 ; died 17
Oct., 1863. He lived in Salem. A tin-plate-worker.
He married, 1805, Elizabeth Gray, born in Beverly,
Mass., 22 July, 1788, died 8 April, 1860. (Of him and
of his wife, obituary notices may be seen iu The New
England Historical and Genealogical Register*)
Twelve children :
104. RICHARD MANNING 8 .
105. ANDREW MANSFIELD 8 .
106. Mary Elizabeth Foster 8 ; d. unm.
107. ELEAZER MOSES 8 .
108. Sarah Cloutman 8 ; d. first wife of John B. Porter.
109. Betsey Gray 8 ; d. first wife of the late Maj.
Hiram P. Barker.
308
110. THOMAS 8 . 111. Henry 8 ; d. an infant,
112. HENRY GRAY 8 . 113. Susan Poor 8 ; d. unm.
114. JAMES 8 . 115. Ward 8 ; d. unm.
70. SAMUEL CHIPMAN, youngest son of John Chipman
(40), was born in Salem, 11 Sept., 1791 ; died 11 Feb.,
1867. He lived in Marlborough, Mass. A cabinet-maker.
He was Selectman, Postmaster, etc. He married, 24
Nov., 1813, Edith Guilford of Danvers (now Peabody).
Ten children :
116. A daughter 8 ; d. an infant,
117. SAMUEL ADAMS 8 . 118. JOHN 8 .
119. GEORGE WASHINGTON 8 .
120. Albert 8 ; d. an infant.
121. Abigail Needham 8 ; d. wife of Marshall Dadmun.
122. Mary Elizabeth 8 ; wife of John B. Thompson.
123. Albert 8 ; d. an infant.
124. Charlotte Ann 8 ; wife of Hiram N. Stearns.
125. Lucy Maria 8 ; d., 1867, unm.
71. Capt. WARD CHIPMAN, oldest son of Capt. Thomas
Chipman(44), w r as born in Salem, 22 Aug., 1779; died
20 Jan., 1858. He lived in Salem. A shipmaster. He
married, 24 May, 1812, Mary Hodges; died 18 April,
1858.
One child :
126. Anstice 8 ; wife of Daniel Perkins.
79. JAMES EDWARD CHIPMAN, oldest son of John Hale
Chipman(54), was born in Beverly, 17 Nov. 1 , 1834. He
married, 5 Sept., 1858, Martha W. Moses.
Two children :
127. Elizabeth Frances 8 . 128. James Henry 8 .
82. Capt. JOHN HALE CHIPMAN, fourth son of John
Hale Chipman (54), was born in Beverly, 2 Oct., 1838;
died 4 July, 1866. An officer in the recent civil War, his
constitution was broken by the severity of imprisonment
309
at Annapolis, Md. He married, 14 Feb., 1861, Martha
E. Patch.
One child :
129. Frank E 8 .
87. ANTHONY CHIPMAN, son of Capt. Anthony Chipman
(58), was born in Gloucester, Mass., 20 May, 1821. Be-
sides in Harrington, Me., where he married, 7 June, 1847,
Maria Stroutt.
Six children :
130. Ann Maria 8 . 131. James A 8 . 132. Augustus 8 .
133. Harriett 8 ; d. 134. Victoria 8 ; d. 135. John S 8 .
88. DANIEL CHIPMAN, son of Capt. Anthony Chipman
(58), was born in Gloucester, Mass., 11 June, 1825.
Resides in Harrington, Me., where he married, 17 June,
1849, Helen Sawyer.
Four children :
136. Mary^T 8 . 137. George F 8 .
138. Elizabeth E 8 . 139. Joseph S 8 .
89. GEORGE CHIPMAN, son of Capt. Anthony Chipman
(58), was born in Gloucester, Mass., 20 July, 1827. Re-
sides in Millbridge, Me., where he married 14 Jan., 1849,
Rebecca D. Turner.
Three children :
140. Rebecca D 8 . ; m. James A. Mitchell.
141. George 8 . 142. Wesley P 8 .
EIGHTH GENERATION.
92. THOMAS JOSEPH CHIPMAN, elder son of Thomas
Chipman(60), was born in Newburyport, 8 April, 1811.
He resides in West Newbury. A ship- carpenter. He
married, 28 Nov., 1833, Dolly Brown Durgin.
Six children :
143. Hannah Wire 9 ; m. William Warner Bailey.
144. Harriett Frances 9 .
145. Dolly Brown 9 . 146. Thomas Parnell Beach 9 .
310
147. George Kenney 9 , b. 23 March, 1847.
148. John Kenney 9 , also b. 23 March, 1847 ; d. 23 June,
1847.
95. JOHN MOSES CHIPMAN, elder sou of John Chipman
(68), deceased 1852. He lived in Salem. A shoemaker.
He married there, 1835, Mary Ann, daughter of Henry
Russel.
Five children :
149. John Henry 9 ; d. in youth. 150. George Tucker 9 .
151. Charles Gustavus 9 . 152. Mary Emilia 9 .
153. Francis Granville 9 ; d. an infant.
98. ANDREW TUCKER CHIPMAN, younger son of John
Chipmau(68), lives in Salem. A currier. He married
there, 1845, Caroline Treadwell.
One child :
* 154. William 9 .
104. Rev. RICHARD MANNING CHIPMAN, oldest son of
Dea. Richard Manning Chipman (69), was born in Salem ;
gr. Dart. Col., 1832. He was a student of Theology in,
the Theol. Seni. Princeton, N. J., and in the Theol.
Depart, of N. Y. Univ., N. Y. ; Sec. Ainer. Peace Soci-
ety, 1833-4 ; Prof, of Theol. in Oneida Col. List., elected,
but declined, 1839. He was pastor of the Cong. Church
in Harwinton, Conn., 1835-39 ; of Evan. Church in Athol,
Mass., 1839-51 and of The Third Cong. Church in Guil-
ford, Conn., 1852-58. He afterward was in pastoral
duties at Wolcottville, Conn, and Hyde Park, Mass. ; and
1866-71, he discharged such duties toward the Cong..
Church in East Granby, Conn. He since June, 1871,
has had charge of the Church in the place of his present
residence, Lisbon, Conn. Among the published produc-
tions of his pen is "The History of Harwinton, Connecti-
cut :" 1860. He has improved opportunities, occasionally
obtained, for preparing genealogical registers of several
early settlers of Salem, with their descendants, of which
311
settlers little or nothing is given in Mr. Savage's " Genea-
logical Dictionary." Those registers are yet imprinted,
as also is another genealogical treatise by him prepared,
viz., "The Chipraan Family: a History of the Chipmau
Lineage in America." In this last-named work are em-
braced the arranged results of extensive research and cor-
O
respondent continued for more than twenty-five years.
Parts of that he has condensed, so far as practicable, to
form this sketch of that Lineage as related to his native
County. He married, 1 June, 1835, Mary, oldest daughter
of Rev. Fosdick Harrison, pastor of the Cong. Church
in Roxbury, Conn., and of his first wife, Elizabeth
Bunnell.
One child :
155. RICHARD HARRISON 9 .
105. ANDREW MANSFIELD CHIPMAN, second son of Dea.
Richard Manning Chipman(69), was born in Salem. He
lives in Salem. A tin-plate-worker. He married, r !834,
Nancy, who died 1866, daughter of William and Elizabeth
Ryan.
Nine children :
156. Eliza Willard 9 . 157. Mary Ann 9 ; d. an infant.
158. Andrew Augustus 9 ; in the late War was in many
severe battles ; at first a private in 12th Mass. Reg. U. S.
V., he by merit became Lieutenant, and his Company
gave him for a testimonial a valuable sword.
159. Harriett Matilda 9 .
160. Mary Ann 9 ; m. Charles Chase, of Salem.
161. William Henry 9 ; d. an infant.
162. Sarah Elizabeth 9 . 163. William Henry 9 .
164. Maria Louisa 9 .
107. ELEAZER MOSES CHIPMAN, third son of Dea. Rich-
ard Manning Chipmau(69) , was born in Salem. He lived
in Salem, and since has lived in New Haven, Conn. A
f 312
tin-plate-worker. He married, 1st, 1846, his cousin,
Abigail Miller, died 1859, daughter of Andrew and Sarah
Mansfield, of Salem, Mass., and of Nobleborough, Me. ;
and married, 2d, 1863, Mary Elizabeth Baldwin, of New
Haven.
One child by Abigail M. :
165. Frederick Eleazer 9 .
Three children by Mary E. :
166. Edgar Martin 9 .
167. Lucy 9 ; d. an infant.
168. Minnie Sophia.
110. THOMAS (Gray) CHIPMAN, fourth son of Dea.
Richard Manning Chipmau (69), was born in Salem;
died in Boston, 1850. He lived in Salem and in Boston.
In editorial, later in mercantile business. Ho married,
1848, Sarah Matilda, daughter of Peter Thatcher Vose,
Esq., of Eobbinston, Me.
One child :
169. Matilda Gray 9 ; d. an infant.
112. HENRY GRAY CHIPMAN, sixth son of Dea. Richard
Manning Chipman(69), was born in Salem; died 1865.
He lived in Salem and at Cambridge. A soldier in the
Mass. Reg. of TJ. S. V., he, disabled by disease, de-
ceased, on return homeward, at Key West, Fla. A tin-
plate-worker. He married, 1849, Sarah Elizabeth Morse,
of Salem.
Fbur children :
170. Elizabeth Gray 9 . 171. Lydia Babson 9 .
172. Alice Willett 9 . 173. Catharine 9 ; d. an infant.
114. JAMES (Gray) CHIPMAN, seventh son of Deacon
Richard Manning Chipman(69), was born in Salem ; died
1866. He lived in Salem. A member of the 1st Reg.
Mass. Heavy Artillery, U. S. V., his death occurred from
a wound received in the battle of "The Wilderness." A
313
tin-plate-worker. He married, 1848, Mary Elizabeth
Munroe, of Salem.
Two children :
174. James Herbert 9 .
175. Arthur Ward 9 ; d. in childhood.
117. SAMUEL ADAMS CHIPMAX, oldest son of Samuel
Chipman(70), was born in Marlborough, Mass. He lives
in Marlborough. An undertaker. He married, 1838,
Martha B., daughter of Levi and Lucinda Rice.
Three children :
176. George Eliott 9 ; m., 1863, Ellen L. Mahan.
177. William Irving 9 ; d. an infant.
178. Adin Veruon 9 .
118. JOHN CHIPMAN, Esq., second son of Samuel Chip-
man(70), was born in Marlborough, Mass. He lives in
Marlborough. Has been a magistrate. A broker and
auctioneer. He married, 1st, 1839, Ann, deceased, 1848,
dati. of Col. Ephraini Howe ; and married, 2d, Harriett
S. Gibbs, of Framingham, Mass.
Four children by Ann :
179. Mary Sophia 9 ; d. an infant.
180. Adelia Ann 9 ; d. an infant.
181. Mary Adelia 9 . 182. Ann Howe 9 .
One child by Harriett S.
183. Henry Ward 9 .
119. Dea. GEORGE WASHINGTON CHIPMAN, third son
of Samuel Chipman(70), was born in Marlborough, Mass.
He lives in Boston. A merchant (G. W. Chipman, and
Co.). He married, 1842, Annis, daughter of Charles and
Sarah Lane, of Abington, Mass.
Four children :
184. GEORGE ALBERT 9 .
185. Annis Miranda 9 . 186. Henry Harris 9 .
187. Grace Edith 9 .
314
NINTH GENERATION.
155. RICHARD HARRISON CHIPMAN, son of Eev. Rich-
ard Manning Chipman(104), was born in Harwinton,
Conn., 19 Jan., 1837. He lives in Philadelphia, Pa.
Was Paymaster in the U. S. (V.) N. during the recent
War. Chief Tariff-Clerk of Phila., Wilm., and Bait.
R. R. He married, 10 Oct., 1857, Frances Ellen Brooks,
of Guilford, Conn.
Three children :
188. Mary Harrison 10 . 189. Richard Brooks 10 .
190. Laura Elliot 10 .
184. GEORGE ALBERT CHIPMAN, elder son of Deacon
George Washington Chipman (119), was born in Boston,
1 May, 1843. He resides in Boston. A merchant (G. W.
Chipman, and Co.). He married Sarah Minerva Bishop.
One child :
191. George Judson 10 .
STATISTICS AND SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING
THE CHIPMAN LINEAGE.
The families above presented show, as to alliance and
extension by marriage, only a little commingling with
families of non-English, stock. The aggregate of families
in the entire lineage corresponds, in that respect, with
those.
As will have been noticed, Thomas Chipman (1) 'a
descendants, so far as the foregoing summary presents
them, are of that portion derived continuously from sons.
315
Since not any of the series comprised in that portion is
of greater length than the longest above specified, and
since his surname has, to its furthest remove extant of
descent from him, been conveyed by the persons above
numbered 188-191, inclusive, his posterity, as traced
through male lines of parentage, is seen to be lineally
removed from him uot.farther than the tenth generation,
and, for the most part, removed not so far. In several of
those lines certain generations come into, and, so to say,
stride over the domain chiefly occupied by generations
graded lower on the scale ; that is, there are above exhib-
ited, as contemporary, persons to whom, with reference to
the head of this lineage, belong very different degrees of
derivation. Children are now living of one son of John
Chipman(8), as also are great-grandchildren of others of
his sons, and that first-specified part of his progeny are
younger than are some persons comprised in the last-
specified part. Handley Chipman(9), a member of the
fourth generation, lived at the same time in which lived
members, respectively, of the fifth, the sixth, the seventh,
and the eighth generation. Some of that gentleman's
children, members of the fifth generation, were born
more recently than were some members of the seventh ;
and two of those children, namely, Major, above-men-
tioned (at number 9, page 293) and Zachariah, 'above-
mentioned (at number 16, page 291), were contemporary
with members of the sixth, the seventh, the eighth and
the ninth generations. The said Major, though born
before two of his brothers, was for some years contem-
porary with at least one member of the tenth generation ;
so that, as he had in other years been contemporary with
members of the fourth, his lifetime, while less extended
than were some of the lives in this lineage, embraced
seven of its ten generations.
316
A generation is usually considered as limited, on the
average, to thirty years. If the period be taken that
commences with the year of Thomas Chipman(l)'s birth,
A. D. 1565, and terminates in the year latest known of
his son's great-grandson, Major Chipman's life, 1864, the
averaged duration of each of those five generations is,
within the fraction of a unit, sixty years. If the period
be taken that begins with the first of those designated
years, and ends in the current year, 1872, then, although
there are thus assigned to the tenth of these generations
only the fourteen years which constitute the present total
of its oldest member's life, Mary H. Chipman(188), born
15 July, 1858, the averaged duration of each of the gen-
erations denoted is st-ill somewhat in excess of thirty
years. A due increase of the excess would accrue from
a reckoning which should, as propriety requires, add what
the tenth generation's expectancy contains, enough years
to make that as long as the averaged length of the pre-
ceding ones. A result nearly exact seems obtainable by
taking, as the ultimate for this computation, the ninth or
the eighth, rather than the tenth in the series. The tenth
may properly be left out of the calculation, because its
distinctive cycle is most incomplete. The ninth's cycle
has less of incompleteness. The eighth's cycle, though
also not full as yet, may allowably be assumed as com-
plete, since it exhibits, with one birth-date as recent as
1863, another as little recent as 1787. Divide three hun-
dred and seven by nine ; the quotient is plus thirty-four.
Divide three hundred and seven by eight ; the quotient
is plus thirtjr-eight. These statistics somewhat confirm
the usual estimate of a generation's duration ; they as
certainly tend more to confirm a conclusion drawn from
statistics elsewhere furnished, viz., that the continuance
of man's life, under the ordinary conditions of civilized
317
people, is now, instead of being less or only equal, mani-
festly greater than in some centuries recently preceding.
That conclusion, as here may be relevantly added, re-
ceives as decisive a confirmation from the statistics of
Thomas Chipman(l)'s descendants in lines traced through
daughters of his son. This segment of his posterity is,
beyond doubt, much the larger one, as comprehending a
greater number of persons and instances of longer pedi-
grees. Of that son's daughters born, all but one, before
John Chipman(7), and five before Samuel Chipmau(G),
five were married before either of these their brothers
was, and sooner than their brothers became parents each
of numerous children, who, in turn, came early into sus-
taining the like relation to many. One of said children
lived more than a hundred years, Hope 4 , born 10 May,
1677, died at Middleborough, Mass., 7 Dec., 1732, wife
of Thomas Nelson and daughter of John Huckins and of
his wife, Hope, 3 John Chipman(4)'s third daughter and
third child. Thomas Chipman(l)'s posterity, as derived
from the daughters of said Johu(4) and thus bearing
surnames other than his, has reached, doubtless to the
eleventh, probably to the twelfth, not improbably to the
thirteenth generation. The corollary rightly deducible
from that premise is, not that his posterity, as thus de-
rived, has some generations extended little beyond twen-
ty-five or thirty years, but that, in instances of parents
having many children, generations traced along the lines
formed by older children contain, in a period of centu-
ries, more extensive series than generations traced along
the lines formed by successions of younger children.
Introducing to one's circle a stranger assumes that
knowing him may be of some service to others than his
previous friends ; and so, presenting to the public any
ancestor, and the kin from him sprung, assumes that
318
acquaintance with these may interest or benefit others
than congeners and allies of the kin. The latter act, not
less than the former, should proceed from assignable
reasons. Genealogical inquiry, when successful, procures
results which may partly be summarized in outline by a
so-called family-tree, which dry thing compares with
genealogy itself only as a herbarium compares with live
plants, and as desiccated skeletons with integral embodi-
ments of humanity. What is proposed by genealogical
research is not, to laud individuals ; nor is it, to glorify
such families as would otherwise remain without glory.
Heraldic arms have as little worth as military, aside from
the worth of those bearing them. Not the armor, but
the army, merits and should best repay describing. An
account true, not conjectural, and clear, not confused, of
any lineage, reaching from centuries passed to the year
passing, avails to high utility. Having gathered, it gar-
ners supplies of materials which are sources and bases for
such induction and deduction as lead to history respecting
communities and nations, and even the races of mankind.
How else than by an intelligently judicious application of
data thus certified to be authentic and vouched, can, on a
wide range, be found either the constituents or the adju-
vants of viability inherited and of longevity acquired?
How else may more readily or as surely be ascertained
"practicable methods of receiving, transfusing, transmitting
increased mental and moral vigor through social inter-
ties? If the teaching, not otherwise to be obtained, is
io-nored, what just ground is left for examining, much
more, for deciding rightly the questions still mooted :
Were former or are these, the preferable times? Are
human character and human comfort now advancing, or
are they both retrograde ? Is there among the masses of
civilized society a steady diminution or, on the contrary,
319
a sturdy augmentation of good things? History, largely
viewed, is the biography of men collectively considered.
Biography, strictly viewed, is the history of men individ-
ually taken. Genealogy, properly viewed, is the history
of men consanguiueously regarded. As the first, so the
second, and so the third of that triad, is science. Genea-
logic is scientific investigation ; its results are scientific ;
and genealogy, whatever deserves the name, is, like gen-
uine biography and other veritable history, a contribution
to anthropology.
Compilations made at second hand, made by persons
more honest than patient and more laborious than dis-
criminating, or in other respects incompetent, made
sometimes by persons vain or venal, have brought odium
on this department of history. The treatise before-
mentioned (at number 104, page 311) and from which
extracts abbreviated compose the principal parts of this
article, was designed to conform, so far as practicable, to
the above suggested ideal. Such as seek to avoid error
are fallible. Not every hewer of stone draws from the
marble a statue.
INDEX OF NAMES.
Abbot, 147, 172.
Adams, 29, 32, 33. 45, 52,
165, 194, 220. 250. 300.
Akerman. 51, 58, 71.
Alden, 154, 180. 182. 216.
Aldrich. 163. 190, 192.
Allen. 85, 182, 242, 292.
Almy, 248.
Ames, 198.
Andrews, 129, 133, 134. 144,
148,250,251,253. [186.
Annable. 51, 53, 55, 58, 71,
Appleton, 2, 26, 75, 77, 79,
227. 253.
Apthorp, 158.
Archer. 248.
Arey. 130.
Arnold. 195, 214.
Arthur, 264.
Ashby, 159.
Ashton, 36.
Atherton. 1, 37, 155.
Atkins, 168.
Attwood. 74, 75, 76, 77, 78,
79, 235, 236, 237, 238.
Atwood. 203.
Aubin. 71.
Averill. 123, 125. 131, 140,
147, 164. 165, 166, 171, 197.
Bacon, 157. 185.
Bacheller. 240.
Bailey, 176. 193. 207. 309.
Baker. 74. 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
80, 121, 123, 146, 168, 183,
235, 236, 237. 252, 293.
Balch,8t. 123, 146,287.
Baldwin, 312.
Ball, 242.
Bancroft, 198, 221.
Bangs, 168.
Barker, 307.
Barnabee, 51, 71.
Barnard. 29, 68.
Barnes. IHO.
Barnhart. 171.
Barre, 210.
Barrett, 132, 145.
Barry, 176.
Bartlett, 92. 135, 153, 180.
Bascom. 167.
Basset. 280.
Batchelder. 71, 162, 164,
165, 170, 196, 197, 198.
21
Batt, 153.
Battis, 307.
Beach, 310.
Beaman. 242, 247.
Beamsley, 251.
Bearse, 143. 168, 206.
Becket, 171.
Bell. 100.
Bellows. 126. 136.
Bennet, 76, 250. 253.
Bennett, 156, 177.
Bentley, 56, 228.
Benton, 201.
Berry. 123, 133.
B'gelow. 139, 160.
Billings, 186.
Bishop, 163, 195, 314. [138.
Bixby. 124, 125, 127, 129,
Blackler, 295.
Blaekner, 161.
Blakeley, 194.
Blanchard, 36, 163.
Bligh, 249.
Blue, 211.
Blythe, 35.
Boardman, 146, 161, 169,
190, 296.
Bolingbroke, 8.
Bopp, 7. [200.
Booth, 131, 141, 143, 166,
Bootman. 127, 137.
Bourne. 280. 281.
Boutwell. 100.
Bowditch, 2, 68, 263.
Bowers. 155.
Bowles. 127, 137.
Boyd, 193.
Boyden, 179, 212.
Boynton. 156.
Brackenbury, 22.
Bracket, 71.
Bradford, 166, 200.
Bradshaw, 71.
Brad street. liS, 140, 146,
160. 163. 166, 170.
Brady, 216.
Brahe. 181.
Braman, 88, 92.
Brewer, 252.
Bvooks, 182, 314.
Brown, 32, 70, 71. 139, 148
159. 161, 1(3, 192, 211, 251
253, 259, 294.
Browne, 26, 27, 28, 252,
Browning, 121.
Bubier, 186, 295, 301,
Buck. 191.
Buffum, 157, 183.
Bunnel),311.
Burke. 265. 266.
Burnam, 227, 252.
Burnett, 27.
Burnham. 253.
BUIT, 154, 182, 187.
Bush, 180.
Butler, 125, 182, 250, 252.
Byron, 186.
Cabot, 35.
Cabsoe. 79.
Calkins, 184.
Canny, 58, 71.
Carleton, 300.
Carl ton, 305.
Carpenter. 163, 194.
Carr, 212. 297.
Carter, 71.
Casey, 159.
Caswell. 172.
Chamberlain, 147, 160.
Chandler. 71, 199.
Chapin, 178, 190,213.
Chapman, 166, 199. 264.
Chase, 186.212,311.
Cheever, 167.
Cheney. 178. 211.
Chipman, 263-273, 275-285,
287-317.
Choate. 101, 227, 251, 252.
Churchill, 298.
Chute, 71.
Clap. 151.
Clapp, 176.
Clark, 157, 173, 178, 188,
290, 293.
Clarke, 31.
Clay. 57.
Cleavelnnd, 40. 41, 64. 65,
66, 67. 83, 84, 86, 87,253.
Coats. 38.
Cobb, 279. 2SJ.
Codman. 63, 199.
Coffin, 300.
Coggeshall. 120.
Cogswell, 249, 252.
Colburn. 199.
Cole, 143, 168.
(321)
322
INDEX.
Coleman, 41, 54, 60.
Elderkin, 178.
Graham, 158,181, 187.
Conant, 20, 22, 25. 58, 71,
Kldridge, 169, 205.
Grant, 249. [301.
147. 252.
Elkins, 40, 41.
Gray, 61, 154, 179, 247, 290,
Conley, 210.
Eliot, 281.
Greaves, 2W), 253.
Cook, 140, 161, 162, 184.
Ellingwood, 151, 173.
Greely, 250, 253.
Coolidge, 199.
Elliot, 253.
Green, 179, 213, 215.
Cornell. 183.
Elliott, 169.
Greene, 183.
Cornwallis, 11.
Ellis, 188.
Grey, 36.
Cortland, 284.
Ely, 251.
Grimes, 173.
Cotton, 280, 281, 294.
Emerson, 129. 140, 249, 252.
G rover, 120.
Covell, 140, 164.
Emery, 200. [249.
Groves, 292.
Cram, 192.
Endicott, 20, 25, 30. 31, 231,
Guilford, 308.
Crunch, 29, 30.
English, 230, 232, 233.
Hadlock, 214.
Crew, 231.
Esty, 152.
Hagett, 214.
Croon, 270, 271.
Eveleth, 227, 252.
Hale, 39, 289, 290.
Crosby, 168, 202, 204.
Farnham. 29, 31.
Hall. 163, 216.
Cross, 258.
Tarnsworth, 156.
Hamilton, 169.
Crumpton, 249.
Farrar, 188.
Hammond. 135, 204.
Cue, 122.
Faulkner, 170.
Hanson, 71.
Culver, 172.
Felt, 35, 38.
Harding, 108, 206.
Cummings, 68, 161, 190,
Felton, 148.
Haiiey, 176.
213, 251, 252.
Fellows, 250. [303.
Harraden, 383.
Cummins, 83, 94.
Fisk, 123, 132, 145, 146, 163,
Harris, 195. 238, 251, 253.
Cunningham, 25.
Fiske, 35.
Harrison, 311.
Curtice, 124, 128. [191.
Fitts, 146.
Hart, 38, 201, 250.
Curtis, 127, 129, 137, 161,
Fitz, 253.
Hartford, 181.
Gushing, 33, 92.
Fitzrandolph, 278.
Haskell, 253. 254.
Cuvier, 7, 16.
Flagg, 139, 158.
Haven, 41, 193.
Dadman, 308.
Fletcher, 144.
Hawkins, 242.
Dalby, 183.
Flint, 68. 164, 185, 239, 261.
Hawthorne, 23, 59, 228, 230,
Dalton, 175.
Floyd, 152, 307.
232, 239.
Dane, 35, 36.
Fly, 200.
Hayden, 151, 212.
Danforth. 176.
Flynn, 142.
Haynes, 162, 1 1 J2.
Darbey, 274, 275.
Folsom, 157, 184.
Hazen, 302.
Darbeyes. 274.
Forbes, 51, 53, 71.
Head, 54, 71.
Darling, 161, 189.
Foss, 71, 192.
Henderson, 303.
Davenport, 213.
Foster, 59, 130, 133, 135,
Hendrenk, 169.
Davis, 71, 180, 214, 305.
142, 147, 152, 170, 210, 218,
Herbert, 230. [185.
Day, 214.
251.
Herrick, 71, 122, 141, 158,
Dean, 33, 269.
Fowler, 251, 253, 299,
Hichborn, 166, 200.
Decker, 214, 249.
Frame, 197, 210.
Hicks, 192.
Demnuns, 191.
Franklin, 269.
Higgins, 167. 168, 201, 203.
Derbe, 277.
Freeman. 203. [218.
Higginson, 239.
Derby, 192, 269, 270. 273,
French, 124, 151, 157, 1&5,
Hill, 304.
274, 275, 278.
Fuller, 141, 159, 166, 250,
Hinckley, 205.
Derth, 157.
251, 253.
Hinde, 274.
Dieterich, 178.
Gale, 280.
Hinkley, 283, 285.
Dike, 250, 251, 253, 299.
Gardner, 257.
Hitchcock, 287.
Dimock, 280.
Gates, 154, 179, 183, 214.
Hitchings, 205.
Dinsmore, 191.
Gay, 186.
Hobbs, 146. 161.
Dirth, 137.
Gedney, 239.
Hodges. 304. 308.
Dix. 307.
Gerrish, 71, 251, 303.
Hodgkins, 177.
Dodge, 52, 71, 125, 132, 146,
Gibbs, 313. [227.
Holbrook, 49.
158, 169, 185, 207, 217, 246,
Gilbert, 135, 136, 153, 154,
Holden, 136, 155.
248, 250, 252.
Giles, 138.
Holdgate, 128.
Doiman, 142. 149, 167.
Gillingham, 197.
Holland. 71, 249, 250.
Dow, 178, 211.
Gilman, 290.
Hollingsworth, 228, 229,
Drake, 58, 71.
Glazier, 249.
230. 231.
Dresser, 250, 253.
Gleason, 147.
Holt. 164, 206.
Drowne, 148, 174.
Goddard, 159, 187.
Holway, 205.
Dudley, 149.
Godfrey. 130, 143, 188.
Holvoke, 36.
Duncklee, 199.
Goldsmith, 131. 146.
Homes, 292.
Dnrfee, 163, 196.
Goldthwaite, 52.
flood, 84, 131, 133, 148, 158,
Durgin, 309.
Goodale, 174, 190.
161, 170, 175, 185, 190.
Duty. 138.
Goodell, 174.
Hookey, 284.
Dwinell. 129.
Goodhue. 30.
Hopkins. 68, 240.
Eaton, 197. 218.
Goodrich, 177.
Hoppin, 242.
Eastman, 181.
Goodridge, 126, 134, 151.
Home, 191.
Eddy, 154.
Goold, 252.
Horsemanden, 284.
Edwards, 90, 105, 111.
Gorham, 204.
Houghton, 161, 190.
Eells, 154.
Gould, 72, 84, 92, 115, 116,
Houstings, 71.
Egen, 297.
118-221.
Hovey, 251, 254.
INDEX.
323
How, 128. 165. 170, 207, 249.
Howard. 41, 193.
Howe, 162, 313.
Howes. 180.
Howlaud, 278, 281.
Hoxie, 284.
Hubbard, 161, 185.
Hubbell, 98.
1 1 urkiu.s 317.
Humphreys, 62.
Huut, 213.
Huutington, 82, 83, 84, 85,
87, 89. 90, 91-104. 107-113.
Hiu-d, 130, 167. 168, 202.
Hutchinson, 170, 300.
Hyde, 143.
Ingersoll, 228.
Jackson, 54, 71.
Jago, 252.
Janes, 190.
Jarnegan, 214.
Jarvis, 202.
Jenkins, 140, 164.
Jennings, 13<>, 154.
Jepher^on, 162. 193.
Johnson, 71, 153, J62, 178,
193.201.
Johonnot, 173.
Jones, 127, 206, 303.
Kellogg, 185.
Kelsey, 187.
Kenrick, 168.
Kent, 29. 30.
Keyes, 124, 180.
Keysor, 239.
Kilburn, 151.
Killain. 133, 148, 164.
Kimball, 135, 142, 152, 176,
222, 246, 248, 255.
King. 68, 184. 217.
Kingsbury, 213.
Kiimey, 148, 173.
Kinsman, 227, 251, 253.
Kneeland, 30.
Knight, 51. 53, 58, 71, 178,
200. 242, 244.
Knowles, 167, 202.
Knox, 71.
Lake. 123, 135, 143. 152, 161,
173, 191.
Lake m an, 251.
Lamson. 84, 131, 135, 140,
144, 1(54, 206, 252.
Landon, 214.
Lane, 167, 313.
Langmaid, 41.
Larkin, 40. 41.
Lawrence. 247, 271, 272.
Lawson. 195.
Lazelle. 193.
Leach, 171.
Leatherland. 227.
Leavitt. 49. 71.
Le Baron, 302.
Lee. 160.
Leech. 291. 292.
Leighton, 227.
Legg, 179.
Leonard, 300, 301. 302.
Levalley. 195. 221.
Linnell, 130, 168. 202, 203.
Long, 71, 144, 169, 170.
Longfellow, 140.
Loomis. 183. [253.
Lord, 77, 82, 83, 101, 237,
Lorimer, 158.
Low, 58. 71, 250. 253.
Lowater, 250, 252, 253.
Lowe, 79.
Lowell, 79. 235, 236.
Lower, 264.
Lovejoy, 156.
Ludlow, 247.
Lunt, 92.
Lurvey, 299.
Luther. 195, 220.
Lyon. 139.
Mack. 138.
Mackie, 59.
Majory. 261.
Mahan, 313.
Mann. 177.
Manning. 58, 59, 60, 87, 250.
296, 297.
Marsh, 147. 172. 212, 219.
Marshall, 58. 71. 227.
Marstoii. 129. 239.
Martin, 29, 30. 218.
Mason, 197, 221.
Maxwell. 213.
May. 28. 71.
May bey. 251.
Mayo. 57, 203.
McAdam, 34. 36.
McAvoy, 181.
McClintock, 199.
Mclntire. 212.
McKean. 200.
McKnight, 179, 214.
McMurtire. 189.
Mecum. 131. 144.
Meldram, 218.
Mellen. 95.
Melody, 164.
Mendum, 51. 70, 71.
Mentzer, 219.
Merrill, 46, 71. 164.
Merrifleld, 213.
Messenger, 176.
Metcalf, 197.
Miller, 71. 172, 200, 312.
Mil lot. 304.
Mitchell. 71, 309.
Moody. 188.
Moore, 300.
.Morgan, 179. 211, 215.
Morrell. 206.
Morris, 205.
Morrison. 214, 216, 297.
Morse, 312.
Moses, 71. 303, 308.
Munday, 175. 198.
Mundy, 149. 165.
Munroe, 313.
Musgrave, 268.
Nason, 250.
Neale, 238.
Nelson. 190, 317.
Newcomb, 211.
Newell. 178.
Newman. 41. 249.
Newmareh, 121, 123, 249.
Newton. 17.
Nicholls. 252.
Nichols, 198.210. [206.
Nickerson, 202, 204, 205,
Nimes, 136.
Noble, 39.
Norton, 253.
Nowell, 297.
Obear, 298.
Ober. 200.
Osborne. 34.
Osgood, 238, 239.
Owen. 137.
Page, 57. 70, 71, 100. 126.
Paine, 39. 41, 130, 202, 204,
Palmer, 126, 134, 139, 162,
18<;.
Parker, 58, 140. 149, 150,
164, 175, 176, 179, 211, 216,
305.
Parkman. 21.
Patch, 58, 71, 134. 150, 156,
185.309.
Patterson, 169. 204, 205.
Pi-abody, 1G, 65. 122, 131,
138, 142, 143, 100, 163, 164,
16(5. 172. 174, 191, 196, 197.
219.221.
Peach, 58, 71.
Pearsall, 193, 219.
Pearson, 71.
Peasley, 194. 219.
Peele, 98.
Peirson, 67.
Penniwell- 123.
Perkins, 84. 121. 123. 124,
128, 130, 131, 132. 133, 134,
138, 141. 145, 147, 149, 158,
159, 169. 222. 223, 224. 225,
220, 227, 240. 247, 249. 250,
251, 252. 253. 254, 308.
Perley. 131, 140. 141, 142,
146, 149. 152, 161, 163, 175,
190, 210.
Perrin, 238.
Perry, 193.
Peters, 31.
Philbrick. 2. [210.
Phillips. 180, 181, 191, 206,
Phips. 260.
Pickering. 2, 24, 29. 68.
Pidge, 163. 193.
Pierce, 126, 135, 157, 163,
195, 305.
Pjke. 51, 53, 71, 179, 212.
Pinkham. 71.
Pitman. 171.
Pool. 305.
Poor. 169. 308.
Pope, 284.
Porny, 2K6.
Porter, 71. 140. 156, 164,
165, 170, 181, 185, 215. 218,
253. 262, 291, 299, 307.
Post. 292.
Potter, 56, 58, 71, 174, 214,
249.
Prats, 2<>.
Prescott. 35. 71.
Preston. 256. 258.
Price, 239.
Prince. (58. 142. 167, 280.
Pritchard, 129.
Proctor, 145, 170, 253, 296 .
324
INDEX.
Punchard, 230.
Putnam, 148, 175, 198, 250,
257, 259, 2(51, 305.
Pynohon, 29.
Quarles, 227, 251.
Qulncy. 188, 218.
li itlcliffe, la.
Hand, 55, 71.
Kapallo, 15!), 189.
Hay, 57, 70, 71.
Read, 27, 163, 189, 195.
Keafleld, 191.
Rediugton, 121, 122.
Keed. 181.
Remick, 71.
Revere, 191.
Rew, 171.
Rhodes, 151.
Rice, 182, 193,313.
Richardson. 297.
Ridley, 109, 207.
Kludge, 219.
Ritebey, 217.
Robbins, 213.
Roberts, 143.
Robinson, 54, 58, 70, 71,
1-25. 127, 123, 132, 139, 103,
216:
Rockwood, 71.
Rogers, 180, 202, 205, 212,
2;)7, 302.
Rood, 132.
Rues. 214.
Ku-sel, 280, 310.
Russell, 144, 170.
Raskins. 8.
Rust, 237,*251.
Ryan, 311.
Sultoni-tall, 29, 68, 99.
Sanborn,'165.
Sanderson, 134, 150.
Sanford, 211.
Sargent.;29, 290.
Saunders, 71.
Savory, 71 .
Sawtell, 137, 155, 156.
Sawyer, 309.
Schlozer. 10.
S,;ott, 91, 114, 184, 217.
Sears, 162, 169, 192, 207.
Sergeant, 280, 281.
Sewall, 29, 31, 76, 300.
Seward. 167, 201.
Sexton, 181.
Sharp, 25, 181, 216.
Shattuck, 71. [291.
Shaw, 58, 70, 71, 140, 176,
Shedd, 135.
Sibley, 194, 219.
Silsbee, 57.
Simes, 40.
Simmons, 201.
Sinclair. 242.
Skiff, 284.
Skinner. 196.
Small, 169, 174, 205. 260.
Smith, 32, 71, 76, 127, 128,
136, 137, 139, 142, 157, 161,
105, 166, 108. 19, 179, 185.
187, 188, 189, 200, 203, 200,
215, 227, 248, 249, 250, 257,
280, 296.
Snow. 202, 213, 274.
Somerby, 71, 115.
Sparks, 252.
Spaulding, 247.
Spencer, 204.
Spokesfleld, 184.
S prague, 164.
Stacy, 212.
Staudley. 125, 126, 127.
Station, 220.
Stearnes, 100, 177.
Stearns, 30, 102, 189, 308.
Stephens, 140, 164.
Stetson, 71.
Stevens, 135, 153, 194, 220,
252.
Stickney, 101, 134, 151, 297.
Stiles, 186, 133, 135, 142.
Stinson, 71.
Stockwell, 134. 149.
Stone, 121, 126, 171, 191,
230.
Storey, 251,252, 253.
Story. 2, 68, 229, 247.
.Strange, 179.
Striker, 230.
Stroutt, 309.
Sunnier, 124, 125, 187, 189.
Swain. 252. 289, 290, 291.
Swan, 167, 21)1.
Sweetser, 41.
Swett, 295.
Swinnerton, 138.
Symond.s, 128, 129, 302.
T'uft, 17:), 18), 213, 218.
Tapley, 177.
Tarbull, 136, 155.
Tarbot, 259.
Turbo x, 133, 178.
Tarr, 305.
Taylor, 134, 138, 149, 154,
182, 203, 216.
Tellbrd, 36.
Temple, 213.
Tenuey, 58, 71.
Thayer, 153, 177, 179, 211.
Thomas, lf4, 191.
Thompson, 2, 171, 308.
Thorndike, 35, 36.
Tilden, 171, 201.
Tillie, 281.
Tilton. 71.
Todd, 120, 158, 186.
Tompson, 272.
Touzell, 228.
Towe, 71.
Towne, 122, 125, 127, 129,
130, 132, 141, 144, 210.
Townsend, 175, 307.
Towzer, 303.
Tozer, 71.
Tozzer, 58.
Travis, 25.
Treadwell, 30, 250, 310.
Tucker, 98, 164, 299, 307,
310.
Tutts, 30.
Turner, 158, 187, 309.
Twitchell, 58.
Tyler, 32.
Underbill, 20.
Upham. 2, 3.
Upton, 152, 177, 179, 214.
Valentine, 194.
Vaughan, 195.
Vincent, 180, 297.
Vose, 312.
Wade. 189.
Wadham, 270.
Wainwrigut, 252.
Wait, 156.
Wakelleld, 238, 239.
Walker, 71.
Wall. 183.
Wallace, 171, 186.
Wallis, 121.
Ward, 26, 28, 101, 180, 182,
292, 295.
Ware, 36.
Warner, 163.
Warren, 289, 290.
Wascoat, 77.
Washburn, 99.
Washington, 35.
Waters, 230.
Way, 200.
Webb, 148, 174.
Webster, 32.
Weeks, 179, 205.
Wells. 252.
Wendell, 25, 29.
Wentworth, 177, 178.
West, 252.
Weston. 144, 188.
Wheatland, 36.
Wheeler, 205.
Wheelock, 194.
Whidden, 40.
Whipple, 49, 64, 68, 249.
White. 2, 35. 68, 93, 135,
151, 274, 302.
Whitiiig, 163, 195, 204.
Whitney, 177.
Whitten, 71.
Wi.egin, 71.
Wilbur, 178, 211.
Wilder, 186.
Wildes, 41, 48, 71, 84, 91,
121, 122.
Wilkins, 207.
Willard, 134, 151, 176.
Willey, 143.
Williams, 145, 163, 188, 251.
Willis, 275.
Wilson, 299.
Winchester, 58. 71.
Winslow, 191, 274,281.
Winthrop, 20, 21, 31, 273.
Wright, 191, 307.
Wolcott. 238.
Wonson, 299.
Wood, 132, 133, 147, 157,
176, 184.
Woodberry, 253.
Woodbury, 146, 229.
Woodman, 134.
Woodward, 212.
Woodwell, 76.
Worcester, 68.
Wyman, 116.
Young, 154, 167, 168, 181,
284.
ESSEX INSTITUTE
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS,
VOLUME XII.
SALEM:
PUBLISHED BY THE ESSEX INSTITUTE.
1874.
PRINTED AT
THE SALEM PRESS,
SALEM, MASS.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
Memoir of H. C. Perkins, by SAMUEL J. SPALDING, ... 1
Biographical Sketch of Joanna Quiner, by P. A. HANAFORD, . 35
Inscriptions from the Burial-Grounds of Marblehead, Mass.,
collected by PERLEY DERBY (continued) .... 46
The Northend Family, compiled by W. D. NORTHEND, . . 71
PART II.
The Journal of the Rev. John Cleaveland, by N. CLEAVELAND
(continued), 85
On the Early Days and Rapid Growth of California, by ALFRED
PEABODY, 104
An Early California Voyage, by J. H. EAGLESTON, . . .124
A Journal of the Rev. Daniel Shute, D. D., Chaplain in the
Expedition to Canada in 1758, communicated by JAMES KIM-
BALL, 132
Inscriptions from the Burial-Grounds of Marblehead, Mass.,
collected by PERLEY DERBY (continued), 1-52
PART III.
Memoir of John Lewis Russell, by E. B. WILLSOX, . . . 163
The Journal of the Rev. John Cleaveland, by N. CLEAVELAND
(continued), 179
The One Hundredth Anniversary of the Destruction of Tea in
Boston Harbor, communicated by JAMES KIMBALL, . . . 197
Inscriptions from the Burial-Grounds of Marblehead, Mass.,
collected by PERLEY DERBY (continued), .... 240
PART IV.
The Thomas Almanacs, by JAMES H. FITTS, , 243
Inscriptions from the Burial-Grounds of Marblehead, Mass.,
collected by PERLEY DEKBY, 271
Letters from David Livingstone, the Distinguished African Ex-
plorer. Written in 1850, 285
Some Remarks upon the "Life of John Rogers," by Joseph L.
Chester, Esq., by C. H. DAI.L, 295
William Rogers' Petition to be Appointed Administrator of the
Estate of his Grandfather, Thomas Scott, communicated by
H, F. WATERS, 299
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE.
VOL. XII. JANUARY, 1874. No. 1.
MEMOIR OF HENRY COIT PERKINS,
BY
J.
[READ THURSDAY, SEPT., 11, 1873.]
SOME few years since, while sitting with our friend,
Dr. Perkins, our conversation turned on the great ad-
vances made during the last quarter of a century in all
departments of physical science. He was led to speak
of his own personal interest and work in the same direc-
tion, and of the satisfaction and pleasure he had derived
from these side studies of his professional life, as he was
accustomed to call them. His account seemed to me of
so much value, especially as showing how much could be
accomplished by concentration of purpose and a wise use
of opportunities, that I ventured to ask him to commit
the game to writing.
It is to the brief autobiographical sketch, written shortly
after that conversation, that I am indebted for most of
the facts respecting Dr. Perkins, which I shall give you
to-day.
Iii this sketch he speaks of his ancestors as belonging
to the family of Perkins in Topsfield. His own imme-
diate ancestors were from Topsfield, but remotely from
Ipswich.
The Perkins family of Topsfield comprises the descend-
ants of Rev. William Perkins, of whom a sketch is
given in the July No. of the 10th Vol. of the "Hist, and
Gen. Register."
The Ipswich family comprises the descendants of John
Perkins the elder, as he is called in the Records, of whom
a sketch is given in the same No. and Vol. of the Reg-
ister.
"He was born in Newent (as supposed) in Glouces-
tershire, England, in 1590. He embarked with his wife
and family for America, Dec. 1, 1630, at Bristol. England,
and arrived at Boston, Feb. 5, 16.31, after a 'very tem-
pestuous voyage.' They came over in the ship Lyon,
Capt. Wm. Pearce ; and the famous Roger Williams was
one of their fellow-passengers. At this time their young-
est child was about seven, and their oldest seventeen
years. On the 18th of the following May (1631) he
was admitted freeman. He remained in Boston about
two years, when, in 1633, he removed to Ipswich. He
was representative to the General Court from that town
in 1636, held various town offices and trusts, and appears
to have been a man of great respectability. He owned
the large island at the mouth of Ipswich river, which was
then, and until quite recently, called Perkins' Island.
It is still believed to be in the family. His house, which
he gave, after his wife's decease, to his youngest son,
Jacob, stood near Manning's Neck and close to the river.
His will is dated March 28, 1654, and he probably died
not long after, as he then says he was 'sick and weak in
body.' The will was proved Sept., 1054, and his estate
was valued 'at 250, 05s. He was sixty-four years old at
his death. The name of his wife was Judith, and he left
six children, as follows :
John 2 , Thomas 2 , Elizabeth 2 , Mary 2 , Lydia 2 , Jacob 2 ;
Thomas 2 , b. 1616; settled in Topsfield; m. Phebe, dan.
of Zaccheus Gould, and d. May 7, 1686, aged 70.
He is usually called on the records 'Dea. Thomas Per-
kins, Sen., of Topsfield.' His will is dated Dec. 11,
1685, and proved Sept., 1686. It is quite long and
minute, and his estate was large.
His children were John 3 , Thomas 3 , Elisha 3 , Timothy 3 ,
Zaccheus 3 and three daughters.
Thomas 3 , second son of Dea. Perkins, m. Sarah Wall is,
1683, and d. 1719. Children, Martha 4 , Robert 4 , Samuel 4 ,
Sarah 4 , Phebe 4 , Hannah*.
Samuel 4 , b. 1699 ; m. Margaret ; their children
were Thomas 5 , Hannah 5 , Margaret 5 , Samuel 5 , Mary 5 ,
Archelaus 5 , Sarah 5 ."
Thomas 5 , b. Feb. 19, 1725; m. 1st, Dinah Towne ; m.
2d, Martha Burnham. Children, Archelaus 6 , by the first
wife, b. April 4, 1756; Daniel 6 , Israel 6 , Hannah 6 , Israel 6 ,
Margaret 6 , Thomas 6 , Samuel 6 .
Thomas 6 , b. May 28, 1773 ; d. Oct. 29, 1853. He m.
Elizabeth Storey, Feb. 16, 1804. She was the dau. of
Daniel and Ruth (Burnham) Storey of Essex, and was
b. June 30, 1778, and d. May 14, 1864. Their children
were Henry Coit 1 , Daniel Storey 7 , Harriet 7 , Elizabeth 7 ,
Caroline 7 , Mary 7 .
Henry Coit 7 , b. Nov. 13, 1804; m. Harriet Davenport,
Oct. 30, 1828. He d. Feb. 1, 1873. Their only child
is Henry Russell, b. April 2, 1838; m. July 6, 1868,
Georgiana Prescott, dau. of Samuel G. and Caroline
(Prescott) Reed ot Boston.
The autobiographical sketch is as follows :
"The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places ; yea,
I have a goodly heritage.'
I first saw the sunlight, Nov. 13, 1804, as it beamed
into an apartment of the old Wolfe tavern in State street,
Newburyport, where also was born the father of my affec-
tionate and beloved wife.
The most vivid recollection that now remains of the old
mansion is that impressed upon my vision as it was seen
wrapped in flames in the great fire of May 31, 1811. I
was borne by my aunt from the scene of conflagration to
a place of shelter in the residence of the father and family
of the late Miss Hannah F. Gould.
At the age of eight years, I commenced the study of
the Latin language under Michael Walsh, A. M., the
author of the 'Mercantile Arithmetic ;' with whom, as I
well remember, Hon. Caleb Gushing was fitting for col-
lege, and from which school he entered Cambridge in
1813 at the early age of thirteen years.
I continued the study of Latin under Asa Wildes, Esq.,
at .the Newburyport High School, and finally fitted for
college under Mr. Alfred Pike, at the Newburyport Acad-
emy, and in August, 1820, entered as freshman at
Harvard .
My parents were of humble origin, but of respectable
descent ; my father, Thomas Perkins, was of a Topsfield
family of that name ; my mother, Elizabeth Storey, was
born at Chebacco, now Essex. The parents of both my
father and mother were husbandmen, and the children
were brought up to habits of industry and frugality, and
enjoined the same upon their descendants.
With my brother and sisters, 1 was led to the baptis-
mal font, May 13, 1816, at the age of eleven years, and
received the sacred rite at the hands of Rev. Daniel Dana,
D. D., at that time pastor of the Old South Church. A
little tract given me about this time by my pastor, enti-
tled, 'My son, give me thine heart,' I regard as among
the first sources of my religious impressions, although I
always had been taught, on Sabbath evening, the West-
minster confession of faith by my father, and had been
blessed with the prayers of a pious mother.
Among the books in my father's small library was a
duodecimo entitled 'Elements of Natural Philosophy,'
published in 1808, at New York. It contained chapters
upon 'matter and motion, the universe, the solar system,
the fixed stars, the earth, the atmosphere, meteors, springs,
rivers and the sea, fossils, plants, animals, the human
frame and the understanding.'
In these, to use the the words of the poet,
' I saw a mighty arm, by man unseen,
Resistless, not to be controlled, that guides,
In solitude of unshared energies,
All these thy ceaseless miracles, O world 1'
This little volume was the nucleus, around which was
to gather all the knowledge I was to be permitted to
collect in my after life, and next to the Bible, the volume
of nature is the one I have loved most to study. When
a lad, I well remember the pleasure afforded in contem-
plating the changing forms of the silvery clouds, lost in
wonder how they could contain and pour out the drench-
ing rain and the rattling hail, whence could come the
mighty wind that prostrated the forest, the dazzling light-
ning and the heavy thunder that made the earth tremble
beneath my feet. Ofttimes, in returning from the even-
ing school have I stood alone gazing into the clear blue
sky to see and love the twinkling stars as they ran their
silent course, watching me as my heart breathed out the
words of the Psalmist, 'Wheu I consider thy heavens,
the work of thy fingers ; the moon and the stars, which
6
thou hast ordained ; what is mau, that thou art mindful of
him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?'
Another favorite book was to be found in my father's
library, 'Ferguson's Astronomy,' a book brought over
the sea by my deceased uncle, Daniel Perkins, a contem-
porary of Dr. Bo wd itch, which served to give me a taste
for a science the love of which has remained by me until
the time when many of the stars I could then distinctly
see with the naked eye are only to be seen by the aid of
the telescope.
In the retrospect of the time spent at Harvard, no
cloud of any size casts its shadow upon the pleasant
years.
To a slight incident (namely, the meeting of a person
in the road which led to the Botanic Garden), the writer
looks back with pleasure as the turning point of his future
employment through life. The individual referred to
was Prof. Thomas Nuttall, the distinguished English
botanist and naturalist, who had been recently appointed
Lecturer on Botany and Curator of the Botanic Garden.
A strong attachment sprang up between this teacher and
many of the students ; this friendship the writer enjoyed,
and by it was often enticed away from the drier studies
of the course, to a pleasant ramble through the woods and
fields in search of their fruits and flowers.
Among the number to whom the volume of nature was
first opened, by Mr. Nuttall about the same time, was one
recently taken away by the pestilence which walketh in
darkness, and with whom for forty-five years, I have been
intimately acquainted. I refer to Dr. Augustus A. Gould
of Boston. He leaves behind him a character untarnished,
and a name long to be held in remembrance by every
physician and student of natural history.
On the 27th of Aug., 1824, 1 graduated at Harvard and,
in company with Rev. William Barn well of Charleston,
S. C., and Rev. Dr. Samuel Parker Parker of Boston,
took part in a 'colloquy' before an exceedingly large
audience drawn together by the presence of General La-
fayette. While an undergraduate, I had attended the
lectures of Dr. John C. Warren upon comparative anat-
omy, and was forcibly struck with the analogies of the
skeletons of the lower animals with that of man. I had
studied chemistry under Dr. John Gorham, and had
often returned from the Botanic Garden with my pockets
well filled with minerals from my friend Mr. Nuttall, and
my botany box well stored with plants for analysis.
I had unwittingly entered upon the threshold of the
medical profession, and on the 27th of Sept., 1824, I
entered my name as a student with Dr. Richard S.
Spofford of Newburyport, at that time the leading physi-
cian of the town.
In Oct., 1825, I entered my name with Dr. John C.
Warren and commenced attending the regular course of
lectures at the Medical College and practised dissections
with a view of understanding more perfectly the structure
of the human body. Shortly afterwards I became the
house pupil, lodging and studying at his dwelling. Here
I made the acquaintance of his son, my highly esteemed
friend, J. Mason Warren, then a lad fitting for college in
his father's study.
With the students of Dr. James Jackson and Dr.
Walter Channing, I attended the clinique at the Mass.
General Hospital, and, with Dr. David Bemis, discharged
the duties of Dr. Warren's dresser, and assisted him in all
his private operations. So diligent were we, that, with
the exception of an occasional visit to my friends at Xew-
buryport and Cambridge and a ride once over the neck to
Roxbury and back over the Mill-dam, I do not recollect
8
to have been absent from the Hospital, or away from
Boston, for more than two years.
To Dr. James Jackson, I must in justice say, I feel
more indebted for what I know of my art, in so far as
instruction, written or oral, is concerned, than to any other
person. With multitudes of others, I feel that he is my
father in medicine. I love him for his virtues, I respect
him for his knowledge and I delight to honor him. He
has impressed upon the physicians of New England much
that has made them useful and skilful practitioners, and
to him the public is indebted for much that is valuable in
the healing of their diseases. Newburyport has the honor
ot being the birthplace of this amiable and ever-to-be-
remembered Christian gentleman.
In the latter part of August, 1827, I took the degree of
M. D. at Harvard, having read a thesis upon the 'Indirect
Treatment of Surgical Diseases.'
On the 27th or 28th of this same month, between nine
and ten o'clock in the evening, there appeared in the
heavens a luminous bow, about five degrees in width and
extending across the celestial vault from east to west.
This was the first auroral arch I had ever heard of, read
of, or seen. At that time, no one knew what to make of
it. The frequen appearance of such arches since, either
alone or accompanied by auroral streams, has called much
attention to such phenomena on the part of many scien-
tific writers."
These arches were ever afterwards objects of special
interest to Dr. Perkins, and his observations upon them,
as published April 9, 1863, have been regarded as of
great value.
,On the 30th of Oct., 1828, he was marrried to Harriet
Davenport, daughter of John Davenport of Newburyport.
Their only child is Henry Russell Perkins, b. April 2,
1838, who early chose the career of business rather than
the profession of his father. Dr. Perkins alwa}*s spoke
of his domestic relations in terms of the strongest grati-
tude and affection.
"On the 3d of Sept., 1827, I took an office and put
out my sign as a- physician. On the same day I had a
professional call from one of my acquaintances. And
here I may be permitted to say that one of the most grat-
ifying experiences of a medical man is the continuance of
the kind and friendly feelings of his early patrons, espe-
cially in this day of change. There is, or there should
be, an attachment between physician and patient. We
become attached to the beast which carries us safely by
night and by day over the dreary, perhaps dangerous,
road, and we should speak well of the bridge that has
borne us safely over the deep and rapid stream, and why
should we not become attached to the watchful physician,
who, like a guide travelling over the dangerous crags and
precipices of the mountains, conducts safely, and often
at the risk of his own reputation and life, it may be, those
who have intrusted themselves to his care and skill?
In the year 1828, I think, the dysentery appeared in
Newburyport in an epidemic form, and, young as the
writer was, he was invited to meet Dr. Bradstreet in con-
sultation in such a case. The Doctor was tardy in his
appointment, and did not arrive at the patient's house until
after the lapse of an hour or more ; coming in at the door,
clad in his brown camlet cloak saturated with the rain, he
apologized for the delay ; 'he had been to the quarantine
grounds' to visit a vessel from an unhealthy port. This
was among the last professional visits Dr. B. ever made.
Whether he took disease on board the vessel or not, he
soon was taken down with a severe form of fever, and
although he had the benefit of the professional skill and
10
sound judgment of Drs. Noyes and Spofford, he shortly
died with symptoms resembling those of yellow fever.
His second daughter died within a fortnight after, appar-
ently with the same disease. The sick men, who had
been brought to a boarding-house in town, recovered.
Dr. Oliver Prescott, the oldest practising physician in
Newburyport at the time, died within a month of my
entrance into the profession of medicine. Dr. Francis
Vergne, a distinguished physician in his day, had relin-
quished practice, and Dr. Nathan Noyes was crippled
from a partial paralysis of his lower extremities, so that
the medical practice in town fell chiefly into the hands of
Drs. Noyes, Spofford, Johnson and Wyman.
The latter gentleman, the nearest to the writer in age,
was well read in his profession, especially in surgery and
diseases of the eye, and, had specialties been known in
his day, he would doubtless have gained in a large city a
great reputation and fortune by his skill. The writer
enjoyed his uninterrupted friendship and many kind offices
in his early and later years.
The decease of Dr. Bradstreet threw a large amount of
general practice into the hands of Dr. Spofford ; of ac-
couching into the hands of Dr. Johnson ; and of surgery
into the hands of Dr. Wyman. Several young physicians
flocked to the town, among whom we may name Dr.
Huntington, who afterwards removed to Lowell and be-
came a distinguished physician as well as a mayor of the
city, and before his death was honored with the highest
gift the Massachusetts Medical Society had to bestow its
presidency.
What was left, after the lions' parts were taken out, fell
into the hands of the younger physicians, Drs. Cross, F.
V. Noyes and the just fledging Thompsonians and ho-
moeopaths and the writer. The hill before us was high and
11
steep, and, besides, some obstacles were placed iii the path.
The young physician was uot allowed, by the rules of the
association he was invited to join, to take the place of an
elder until he had recommended and advised the payment
of his predecessor's bill ; and if he tarried longer than
four hours at a case of accouching, which he might be
obliged to do at the outset of his business, he was to
charge one dollar an hour, for every hour thus spent, in
addition to the prescribed fee. The elders knew how to
make flying visits, a trick not as yet found out by the
juniors. In general, however, the intercourse between
young and old was pleasant and advantageous, especially
to the former ; and at the termination of three years, viz.,
in 1830, the writer was recommended by them as qualified
to become a member of the Mass. Medical Society."
Speaking of the character of the diseases he met with,
Dr. Perkins remarks :
"Besides fever, the most common diseases that I have
been called upon to treat in Newburyport have been
rheumatism, either acute or chronic, and neuralgia, which
sprang up about that time, croup, pneumonia, either by
itself or combined with pleurisy, influenza, consumption,
dropsies, indigestion, dysenteiy, diarrhoea, erysipelas,
measles, scarlet fever, whooping-cough; and of surgical
cases, fractures, dislocations, hernias, diseased breasts,
and hands maimed from carelessness in the use of machin-
ery or of fire-arms. Many other diseases and injuries,
to be sure, I have met with. Some, however, that I ex-
pected to see often, have been quite rare, as gout, and, of
late years, delirium tremens, which, at one time, was
very common, and wounded arteries of large size, to cases
of which I have never been called but in three instances.
On the contrary, I have met with those I never expected
to see.
12
. In the treatment of diseases, I have never dared to draw
my bow at venture, or to neglect nursing the patient ; be-
lieving that, in the large number of diseases, the better
course was to conduct the patient safely through his ill-
ness, if possible, than to throw off disease, if it was fas-
tened upon the patient; and that after all, it was much
easier to keep well than to get well. And in a practice of
forty-four years as an accoucher, I have been so highly
favored as to have lost only two patients, where I had
charge of the case from the commencement.
Believing always in a superintending Providence, in
the paternal and loving character of our Heavenly Father,
and aware of the sudden mishaps that might befall such
patients, I do not remember that I ever attended one such
case without a silent petition in their behalf and that of
the infant about to come into this world of temptation and
trial. And whenever I presented my petitions at the
Throne of Grace for myself, I have endeavored to remem-
ber others also, and especially the sick and the afflicted.
I early learned how to sympathize with those who were
afflicted, and having borne the yoke myself, I have en-
deavored to comfort those who were destined to bear the
same. As I have been often called to see others as they
descended into the dark valley, I have tried, but oh ! how
vainly ! to place myself in their situation that I might
learn how to follow them. This is an experience we must
all meet sooner or later, but it can be met only once.
We must learn to die by learning how to live. I have
seen many die, but I have seen many more who recovered,
and this is one great source of comfort to the physician,
that in the ordinary course of nature he is called to see
the same individual recover many times, before he is
called to see him die once. His duties are, however, of
the most responsible character, and no one can be too faith-
13
ful in preparing himself to meet them, or too sedulous or
patient in taking care of the sick."
As showing that Dr. Perkins was something more than
a student of medicine, and that he felt the need of broader
culture than his profession furnished, we have the fol-
lowing :
"The early years of my professional life were spent
chiefly in attendance upon calls whenever they came, and
in reading upon medical subjects. Nearly every oppor-
tunity for post-mortem examination was improved, and
for some time I kept notes of my treatment of the cases
which came under my care. I determined to know some-
thing of medicine, if I remained ignorant of everything
else. But I soon found that variety in reading was requi-
site to prevent mental fatigue. An invitation was ex-
tended to a young friend to join me in reading French.
One or two others being desirous of pursuing the same
study, it was proposed to form a club for literary and sci-
entific pursuits. The result of our meeting was the foun-
dation of the Xewburyport Lyceum in 1828. This was
the second institution of the kind in New England.
About the same time, and as an offshoot of the Ly-
ceum, the second Social Library was formed, to furnish
popular and useful books for those inclined to read ; and
this continued in existence for some years, and, after a
union with the Athenaeum, afforded much instruction to
those inclined to learn. Reading that requires no think-
ing, in other words reading for amusement, being one
thing, and study being another, the character of the li-
brary, and we fear it is true of all popular libraries, soon
became very different from what it was at the outset :
the popular literature or the light reading and flimsy
material of the day soon crowded its shelves to the ex-
clusion of more solid and substantial works, and shortly
14
the books of the united libraries were sold and they be-
came extinct.
Acting for many years as the m inager, or procurer of
lecturers for the Lyceum, an opportunity was providen-
tially offered for becoming acquainted with several gen-
tlemen eminent in their calling who consented to lecture
upon the subjects of their collegiate departments in our
literary institutions.
My attention was thus directed to some of the sciences
collateral to medicine, especially to the means of heating
and ventilation. The great eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, af-
forded an opportunity of brushing up somewhat in
astronomy, which led also to some experiments in the
grinding and polishing of glass for optical purposes.
Little, if anything, at that time, was to be found in books
upon the grinding and polishing of lenses or specula. A
visit was made in a thick snow-storm to the venerable Dr.
Prince of Salem, for aid, who kindly gave such infor-
mation as he had, by referring to a young optician, Mr.
Widdifield of Boston.
A block of flint glass was then purchased and corre-
sponding ones of crown glass wrought out from the old
bull's eyes that were to be found in the doors of old build-
ings. 'Rees' and other 'Encyclopedias' were ransacked to
learn the mode of obtaining the specific gravity and index
of refraction of the different kinds of glass, and the
mathematical formulas for the correct curves of the dif-
ferent faces or surfaces of the lenses of an achromatic
object glass reduced to practice. This afforded employ-
ment and occupation for some of the later hours of the
winter evenings. Expecting to have the mechanical part
done by another, who shrunk from his promise when he
learned the nicety required, our own hands had to do the
labor, all of which however was lost, owing to the im-
15
perfection of the material used. After much rubbing
and polishing we at last found that glass of a better qual-
ity than the bottom of a tumbler, or the central part of
the disk which was attached to the iron handle of the
Sflass blower, was needed for the object glass of a teles-
cope. We were disappointed, but made the best of it,
and laid aside the lenses in hopes of owning something
better.
The attempt to grind lenses for the telescope was a fail-
ure. But I was more successful in grinding and polishing
lenses for the microscope, and was led to a practical ap-
preciation of the value of this instrument in the study of
the structure of different tissues and fluids of the human
frame in health and disease, and to an interest in the
work of others in the same pursuit. The microscope is
no longer a plaything but a valuable instrument in the
hands of the physician as well as in those of the natu-
ralist. As a means of diagnosis, this instrument has be-
come invaluable, and it is now (1866) in as common use
in the hospital as the test tube.
The physiological action of ether and chloroform was
made by me a subject of inquiry, and their effect in
staying circulation, the former in the capillaries, the
latter in the larger arteries, and in the heart itself, if too
long continued, was ascertained to be, in all probability,
the true explanation of the phenomena exhibited in
anaesthesia."
Dr. Perkins made experiments upon the frog, of which
an account was published. See also Dr. Jackson's book
on etherization ; also Dr. Chauning's book on etheri-
zation in midwifery.
"My second sister, Elizabeth Perkins, married Mr.
Nathaniel Perkins (nephew of the distinguished mech-
anician, Jacob Perkins) whose business was that of en-
16
graving and printing bank-notes. This led me often to
visit their establishment and to feel an interest in the
protection of their notes, against the counterfeiter, whom
there had been some reason to fear. I entered upon
some experiments and soon found th#t the finest and most
highly finished engravings could be transferred line for
line to & plate either of steel or of copper, in such a man-
ner that it was at once ready for the etching tool or the
graver. Mr. Francis Peabody of Salem, or rather Mr.
Dixon, a person then in his employ, had done the same
thing on stone, and the only remedy was the printing in
different colored destructible ink on the face or back, or
on both face and back, of the bill. This was immediately
adopted, and proved of great service in an improved form,
when it was found that they were in the same danger from
the photographic process.
Had it not been for this danger to the banks, much ben-
efit to the art of the engraver would have resulted in the
duplication or transfer of the engraved illustrations of for-
eign books. The mode of softening the ink was soon
made use of by the wood engraver, and one-third of his
labor, at least, saved by the new process of transferring the
plate to be copied immediately upon his whitened block.
The process of transferring to steel and copper, especially
the white ground, which I made, is known, it is believed,
thus far, only to one other individual beside myself, a dis-
tinguished bank-note engraver in Philadelphia.
The ink upon the little engraving of the boy making
the boat (see the plate, the result of the transfer process)
had scarcely dried when my attention was called to the
process of copying landscapes by M. Daguerre in 1838.
Under the impression that it would be applicable to
copying dissections, and more especially the human face,
I set immediatly about having a few small plates made by
17
Mr. Sargent, a plater at Belleville, and the manufacture
of hypo-sulphite of soda, none of which was then to be
found in the shops, and the preparation of a camera,
iodine box, etc. ; and I photographed the brick house then
occupied by Mr. Enoch Huse in Middle street, nearly
back of the one I occupied in Essex street, about the first
of Nov., 1839. A young Frenchman, whose name has
escaped from my memory, advertised in Boston to teach
the art in twelve lectures, but before he .had given his
second or third lecture, there was exhibited in Boston a
fine daguerreotype of one side of State street, Newbury-
port, which picture, as fresh and perfect as on the day
it first saw the light, is still in my possession. A friend
and classmate of Prof. Sillimau had written to him that
he had succeeded in taking a picture, but not as yet in
preserving it, for the want no doubt of the hypo-sulphite.
In taking this picture the lens of crown glass manufac-
tured out of one of the bull's eyes, combined with others,
came into use and was of great service.
Improvement after improvement rapidly followed each
other in this art. The ambrotype, a most delicate, beau-
tiful and sure process, was soon followed by, and culmi-
nated in, the Talbotype, giving the negative upoii glass,
by means of which positives without number could be
rapidly aud cheaply executed. One process, known only
or chiefly by two French artists, Firth and Fevier, of
making positives upon glass which presented the deepest
shades and the most delicate lights, was esteemed by all
as the ne plus ultra of the art ; and awakened in me
an irresistible desire to learn how it was effected. A
small piece of a broken picture was begged of a friend ;
a portion of the ground, removed from the plate, was
carefully scrutinized, analyzed as far as could be, and,
by the aid of an article in Humphrey's Journal for 1860,
2
18
determined to be wax. The knowledge and experience
of R. E. Mosely, a very delicate manipulator and pho-
tographer, brought out a most beautiful picture, known as
the "Sleigh-ride," in which the sleigh, freighted with its
lady party, stood amid the snow before the Merrimac
House, in State street, with the newly-fallen snow lodged
upon limbs and branches of the elms in front of the house.
These pictures, the most beautiful, in my estimation,
that the photographic art has given to the world, have,
thus far, proved too difficult and are too expensive to be
in great demand ; and inferior but cheaper pictures only
are generally known. In truth, we have seen many per-
sons, lovers of art, in Boston even, who had never seen
a picture upon glass.
An artist in Philadelphia, whose name has now escaped
me, had previously made beautiful pictures of the Sus-
pension Bridge at Niagara and taken views in the same
material at the White Mountains, but he is supposed,
from examination of his plates, to have used collodion in
place of the wax. These pictures, the perfection of the
art, easily to be made, as soon as the dry process, now
believed to have been satisfactorily acquired, is accom-
plished, still remain for some enterprising artist to bring
out, when they will take the place of all others. We think
we now have such an artist in Newburyport, Mr. Carl
Meinerth.
Although I failed to manufacture a telescope for myself,
I eventually procured one, and was prepared to examine
Donati's comet at its appearance in 1858, with an instru-
ment of five inches aperture and seven feet focus made
by Mr. Alvau Clark of Cambridgeport, the first telescope-
maker in the world.
The envelopes of this comet, but more particularly those
of the comet of 1861, were carefully observed, and from
19
data furnished by Mr. Bond of the Observatory at Cam-
bridge, of the time of successive rise of those of Donati's
comet, the suggestion thrown out by Prof. Pierce of Har-
vard was examined and fully concurred in, viz: that
they rose on the principle of the summer cloud. By
means of a small home-made polariscope, I repeated
Arago's experiment upon the light of this comet and, as
was the case with him, found the light of the nucleus in
part polarized, showing it to be, in part at least, reflected
light." (See his Manuscript.)
"The occurrence of so many comets between the years
1827 and 1858, as also of auroras, columns and arches,
prompted the inquisitive mind to compare the two to-
gether, and to mark their analogies and discrepancies.
(See the hypothetical explanations of the tails of comets
in my scrap-book.)
In December, 1839, a succession of very severe and
disastrous storms occurred at about weekly intervals along
the Atlantic coast, which called my attention to the sub-
ject of meteorology, and for a number of years, about
the time of the publication of Mr. Espy's work on the
' Philosophy of Storms,' or shortly after, to a meteoro-
logical record, and to the study of meteorological phe-
nomena. As the result of this study, I learned that a
sudden rise rather than fall of the mercury indicated the
approach of a storm, especially if the mercurial column
had been, for a few days prior to the sudden rise, sta-
tionary ; that the fall came on gradually as the vapors,
visible as haze, came to the zenith from the S. W. or W. ;
that it was lowest in the lull, and that the gradual rise
afterwards indicated a return of fair weather. I thought
I could perceive an interval of about seven days in very
many successive storms great atmospheric waves, as it
were, so that the occurrence of a severe storm on any day
20
of the week led me to expect another on or near the same
day the week following ; that many storms are true cy-
clones moving along the coast from the S. W. to the N.
E. or E. as Mr. Redfield taught, but that cumuli clouds
are more in accordance with Mr. Espy's theory. (See
paper on this subject printed in the 'Proceedings of the
Essex Institute' for 1865.)
While an undergraduate at Harvard, I became ac-
quainted with Robert Treat Paine, the son of the poet of
that name, who first showed me Venus by a telescope he
had made while a junior in college, and to him, under
Providence, I am indebted for a position which brought
me into the company of some of the first men of the day,
as members of the visiting committee of the Observatory
at Cambridge, viz., Hon. Win. Mitchell, Hon. Josiah
Quincy, the distinguished and learned author Jared
Sparks, Hon. Edward Everett, J. Ingersoll Bowditch,
Esq., and the above-named astronomer Mr. Paine. I
acknowledge I had no claims to this or to some other
distinguished honors that have been conferred on me, but
I felt pleased to be placed by a kind Providence in situ-
ations where I could sympathize with my associates,
from whom I might learn much. This position gave me
opportunity of knowing somewhat of the discoveries made
at the Observatory and put their annals into my hands,
and I had the pleasure, at Newburyport, of directing by
telegraph the great equatorial upon Blinkerfue's comet
before it had been publicly announced as visible in thia
country.
In 1840 or 1841, a box containing some old bones
was brought from California in a brig belonging to Capt.
Cushing, which was kindly turned over to me by Capt. J.
Couch, at that time one of the first ship-masters, who
visited that region in a vessel from this place, and long
21
before the discovery of gold there. These fragments of
old bones I cemented together and arranged ill their
proper places in the skeletons of several extinct animals.
This was my first attempt at bringing what little knowl-
edge of comparative anatomy I had into use. Several
papers from my inexperienced pen appeared in the 'Pro-
ceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History' and
in 'Silliman's Journal.' To these old bones, and more es-
pecially to the kindness of one of my excellent tutors in
college, Mr. George B. Emerson, I soon found myself in-
debted for mi-mbership in the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, and for the use of its valuable scien-
tific library.
I had been a member for some years (not very active
to be sure) of the Boston Society of Natural History,
and also of the Society for Mutual Medical Improvement.
The meetings of these societies, on account of profes-
sional engagements, I have been seldom able to attend ;
neither have I found time to read many of their books.
My reading has been confined to such books as I could
aflbrd to own. Many very valuable works have been very
kindly presented to me either by their authors or some of
their families, whose kindness I appreciate and gratefully
acknowledge. Among these I would name Dr. Bow-
ditch's appendix to La Place's great work, the 'Mecanique
Celeste,' from his sou, my esteemed friend, Dr. Henry I.
Bowditch of Boston. By means of this book, I went
through with an approximative calculation of the elements
of the comet of 1861, being kindly assisted in under-
standing any difficult part by two worthy young friends,
whom Providence sent to me at just the right time,
Charles Tuttle, Esq., formerly of the Observatory at
Cambridge, and Mr. George Searle, now (1866) assistant
observer at the same place. Liable to almost hourly in-
22
terruptions from professional calls until after the hours of
the day and the early hours of the evening had passed, it
seemed at times as though a limit had been set to my
attempted acquirements in this direction, and that I must
be content to stop where I was, more especially as my
eyes had got to be too old to use mathematical tables by
gaslight. One book, however, remained, into which I did
desire to look and try to understand, for I had almost
said the inspired thought it contained. This was New-
ton's 'Priucipia,' portions of which I had studied in 'En-
field's Philosophy' in my junior year in college. Hap-
pening in at Little and Brown's bookstore in June, 1865,
my eye rested upon the very book I needed for this pur-
pose, viz., the first three lectures of the Principia by
Frost. Newton had said in his introduction to the third
book of his Principia 'that if one carefully reads the
definitions, the laws of motion and the first three sections
of the first book, he may pass on to the third which treats
of the phenomena or appearances of the heavenly bodies,
their motions, the disturbance of their orbits, etc., etc.'
The object of this book was to help the tyro to under-
stand these first three sections.
Providence had again opened the door to the apart-
ment into which I desired to look. The leisure moments
of that year I spent in part in the study of this volume.
I did not undertake to read it in course, but studied only
such parts as were more immediately applicable to the
orbits and motions of the planetary bodies. It enabled
me satisfactorily to read a very valuable compend of
astronomy by Rev. Robert Main, first assistant at the
Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
It may perhaps be thought by some that such studies
as the above can be of very little service toward helping
a physician to cure disease, or to prescribe skilfully for
23
his patient. But I believe it will be acknowledged by
every professional man, no matter how industrious he
may be in his professional reading and practice, that some
by-play is needed to keep his mind bright, even for pro-
fessional duties, and his views from becoming contracted
from too continued confinement to one thing. (See Dr.
J. Bigelow on the limits of science.)
For nearly forty years the main employments and en-
joyments of my life have been of the kinds enumerated in
the preceding pages. I have never engaged in politics or
taken any active part in any political party. In the
troubles that have arisen between the North and the
South, I have regarded both as more or less to blame ;
the North, a part at least, as being too earnest to enforce
their peculiar views upon their brethren at the South,
and the latter, as having an improper estimate of their
own character and standing, and of that of the Northern
and the Northwestern States. Notwithstanding all these
differences, craven must be that spirit that was willing to
see the constitution and the uohl*e structure, reared and
cemented by the toil and blood of his fathers, trampled in
the dust by traitorous men."
The views of Dr. Perkins on this point are more fully
given in an address upon "The Physician and Surgeon in
time of War."
"The present generation in America have lived in a
wonderful age, and have seen what ' prophets and kings,'
it might be said, 'have desired to see but have died with-
out the sight.'
They have lived to see time and space on the land and
on the sea almost annihilated by steam ; to see the heav-
enly bodies, the landscape and the features of the human
countenance transcribe themselves upon the sensitive tab-
let ; to see their messages carried across continents and
24
oceans by the swift-winged lightning ; to see the celestial
bodies tell the story of their own physical structure and
condition ; to see fleets and navies worthless things ; to
see the earth reveal her hidden secrets of the ages long
since buried in oblivion ; to see the institution of slavery
crumble to the dust and every man of every color stand
up a freeman ; to see kingdoms and empires tottering to
their base, and their own beloved country saved from
ruin only by Divine interpositions and a kind overruling
Providence. To see what else? To see, in the future,
the Omniscient One only knows what. God grant we
may be prepared for the sight.
For one thing we are permitted to ask, that the
happy day foretold and promised in the Scriptures may
soon come, when peace and the peaceful principles of the
religion of Christ shall extend and cover the earth as the
waters cover the sea ; when all shall know and serve him
from the least even to the greatest, and when he, whose
right it is, shall reign King of Nations as he now reigns
King of Saints, and his kingdom come and his will be
done on earth and in our hearts as it is in heaven.
With the exception of about two months while in the
Legislature, I have never laid aside my professional char-
acter or taken any recreation that would lead me away
from home, save a visit for four days to the White Hills
in 1858, and a visit to the hospitals for the sick and
wounded in Washington in 1861."
An account of this last visit was given in the New-
buryport Herald soon after his return.
"During- the larger part of my professional life I have
attended to all calls, no matter by whom made or what
was the case. Having of late years suffered somewhat
with lumbago, I gradually relinquished my night business
and such as required prolonged attendance. I have en-
25
deavored to attend upon the poor as faithfully as upon the
rich, and I do not remember ever to have taken a dollar
from a sick or wounded soldier or to have troubled any
one who could not well afford to pay the fee.
I did not enter upon my profession expecting to grow
rich thereby. I have seen dark days when, if there was
sickness abroad, in rny own circle there were but few
calls upon a physician. At such times the words of the
Psalmist, 'Trust in the Lord and do good and verily thou
shalt be fed,' comforted me and gave me courage. From
the day that I commenced business to the present, my
purse thank Heaven ! has always enabled me to grat-
ify every reasonable want, although in the early years of
my life I was not able to be as generous as I desired. But
if of silver and gold I had little, of such as I had I was
willing to divide with those who needed. I have endeav-
O
ored to follow Him who 'went about doing good,' but, I
feel, at a great distance.
In visiting my patients, I have, until I was sixty-two
years of age, gone on foot, except when they resided too
far out of town. If memory serves, I have thus made as
many as thirty visits in a day and had time enough to eat,
drink and sleep. I attribute a large share of the health
I have enjoyed to this good habit and regular daily exer-
cise. I have lost by sickness only about thirty days ;
having been once confined to the house by erysipelas,
once or twice with influenza and once with dysentery.
In Oct., 1869, I had dysentery which confined me to
my house about a month ; this time was not lost as it
gave me an opportunity to re-read Flint's work on the
respiratory organs, and to examine more carefully 'the
earliest manifestations of organic crystallization,' as Owen
calls the Eozoon Canadense, which I had, in connection
with Mr. Bicknell of Salem, discovered the August be-
26
fore in the serpentine of our Devil's Den, and which has
since then been found also at Chelmsford, a fact which at
once settles the character and age of the rocks in our
neighborhood, placing them among the lower Laurentian,
and proving them to have been originally deposited in the
form of mud at the bottom of the sea and since then to
have undergone metamorphic change and crystallization.
It is very interesting thus to trace the operations of infi-
nite wisdom and power on the floor of the ocean. 'Thy
way, O God ! is in the sea, and thy path in the great
waters, and thy footsteps are not known.'
Mr. Huxley has, within a short period, found similar
instances of organic protoplasm at the bottom of many
warm seas, showing that through all time organic crea-
tions have taken place. The material universe is full of
interest from whatever standpoint it is examined, but we
should be careful not to get lost amid material things, re-
membering always that above matter is mind, and above
mind are holiness, goodness and truth.
The sick headache, until I was past fifty years of age,
was the greatest annoyance in my way. From this, at
times, I suffered severely, but it is very rarely that I am
now troubled with any difficulty looking toward the brain.
I have been a temperate man through life, having no
desire for any stimulant or sedative except a little tobacco,
which I have used moderately more or less since a lad in
college, it having been prescribed for me at that time by
a classmate for my headaches, but which I must say
never did me any good, neither can I say much harm, to
my knowledge, except perhaps to disturb that steadiness
of hand which the surgeon always needs, and for this
reason I have often regretted that I had ever put it into my
mouth. In 1867 I omitted its use and got rid of an ir-
regularity of the circulation which formerly troubled me.
27
My food has been in great measure derived from the
vegetable kingdom, although I have not been strictly a
vegetarian, using a little meat at all times when I felt like
it ; what some would have regarded as but a mouthful
has, with vegetables, answered my purpose for a meal.
In the fall of 1870 my attention was providentially
called to the subject of 'Germs of Disease ' by Dr. L. Beat's
work upon this subject. Shortly after, namely, in Nov.,
Dr. Ernest Hallier's work on the 'Plant Organisms found
in Measles, Sheep-pox and Kine-pox' was put into my hand
by a German friend, Mr. Carl Meinerth. I could not
read a word of German, but my interest in the subject
induced me to commence its perusal, which in the course
of the winter of 1870 I accomplished, and of which I
have now a manuscript translation, corrected by another
German friend, Mr. Castelhun.
To test for myself the truth of Prof. Hallier's theory,
I had a microscope of excellent optical qualities got up
for my especial use by Mr. Edwin Bicknell of Cambridge ;
and in April or May commenced cultures after Hallier's
method. Mr. C. Castelhun was familiar with the use of
the microscope, and I engaged him to make a report of
what he met with in my cultures.
A belief in substantial organisms as the contagion of
what are called Zymotic diseases is entertained by many
German and other physicians, and it is probably in this
direction, viz., of a sanitary character, that the next pro-
gressive step in my profession is to be taken. If the
causes of disease can be discovered, its prevention may
in time follow, and then truly ivill have come the medical
millennium.
Under date of Oct. 31, 1871, Dr. Shattuck, Chairman
of the Committee on Publications of the Mass. Medical
Society, informed me that the Society would print and
28
publish my translation of Prof. Hallier's work, as soon as
the manuscript could be prepared. I was to add an ap-
pendix of my own confirmative cultures. Dec. 6th, I
wrote to Dr. Cotting, on the same committee, informing
him that the manuscript was ready. On March 21, 1872,
I returned the last corrected proof sheets of the work,
and am now awaiting the arrival from Germany of the
plates, for the use of which I have Prof. Hallier's consent,
as well as that of his publisher."
The plates arrived in season for the translation to
appear in the "Publications of Massachusetts Medical
Society" issued in 1871.
As a brief synopsis of a portion of his work, Dr. Per-
kins gave the following : |
"I had the pleasure in 18UO or 41 of figuring and de-
scribing the tooth and the right humerus of Mylodon
Harlani (Syn. Orycterotherium Oregonense) in 'Silliman's
Journal,' the first specimens of the skeleton of that
animal found west of the Rocky Mountains. Also the
tooth, portion of the tusk, and the atlas or first bone of
the neck of the Elephas primigenius, and the astragalus
of the fossil ox. All which bones are referred to in
Leidy's work on 'Extinct Mammalian Fauna of Dakota
and Nebraska,' in the synopsis at the latter part of the
volume ; also in his book on 'Fossil Sloths.'
Notice of my observations on the effect of ether and
chloroform may be found in Dr. Channiug's work on
'Etherization in Midwifery,' and in Dr. C. T. Jackson's
volume on 'Ether and Chloroform.'
Some of my observations on the aurora may be found
alluded to by Mr. Marsh of Philadelphia in the 'Pro-
ceedings of the American Philosophical Society,' as well
as in the communications made by him in the 'Journal of
the Franklin Institute.'
29
In the 'Proceedings of the Essex Institute,' Vol. iv, No.
6, 1865, may be found an abstract of a paper read by me
on the 'Formation of the Thunder-cloud.' In the 'Amer-
ican Naturalist' for July, 1870, may be found some obser-
vations by me on the 'Action of Light upon the Circulation
of Plants,' and in different numbers of the Newburyport
Herald for 1858, I think, upon the formation and nature
of the envelopes and tails of comets, their polarization of
light, etc., etc. Upon most of which subjects I have had
the pleasure of finding my views to correspond with those
of other observers.
In the discovery of Eozoon Oanadense in the ser-
pentine of our Devil's Den, I had some share, having first
noticed the resemblance of the apparent organic crystalli-
zation there seen to that found at Ottawa, Canada, which
led to the detection of the characteristic tubules by
the microscope, by Mr. Bicknell of Salem, which facts
show our rocks to belong to the Laureutian series and to
have been deposited amid water rather than to have been
of Plutonic origin.
j
Also the bones of Mylodon, aS having been found in
Oregon and described by myself, are alluded to and cred-
ited in Murray's 'Geographical Distribution of Mammals,'
published in London. My experiments and observations
upon the 'Circulation in Ghelidonium majus' and the 'Ac-
tion of Light' were reprinted in the 'Journal of Micros-
copy,' published in London."
Dr. Perkins was a member of the following literary so-
cieties :
Phi Beta Kappa of Harvard University ; Boston Med.
Society for Mutual Improvement ; Boston Society of
Natural History ; Portland Society of Natural History ;
Essex Institute ; American Academy of Arts and Sci-
ences ; Massachusetts Medical Society, of which he was
30
chosen President at the Annual Meeting of the Coun-
cillors in May, 1866.
He was identified with the educational interests of New-
buryport, being a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Putnam Free School. Elected in 1851, he served for
nine years as Treasurer, and in 1869 he was chosen Pres-
ident of that board, which office he held at the time of
his death.
He was elected a Director of the Public Library holding
that office in 1858 and 1859. He was again elected in
1866, and held the office at the time of his death.
Though no aspirant for political honors, he represented
the town of Newburyport in the Legislature in the session
of 184142. He was a member of the Common Council
of the city of Newburyport in 1857, 1858 and 1859, and
during the last two years was President of that body.
He thus concludes :
"I desire and humbly pray that I may 'deal justly, love
mercy and walk humbly before God ' all the days of my
life ; that I may manifest my gratitude toward my Heav-
enly Father by acts of obedience and of love ; that I may
discharge all my duties to myself, my fellow men and my
Maker faithfully and in such a manner that I may meet
with his approval and his blessing ; that I may ever love
the truth, speak the truth and obey the truth : and that
at the last I may be so happy as to be found with those I
have 'loved and do love, washed in the blood and clad in
the righteousness of our Redeemer and Saviour, Jesus
Christ. And let God the Father, God the Son and God
the Holy Ghost, be praised now and foreverniore."
Such was the life and such were the labors of Dr.
Perkins as sketched by himself. The rare simplicity and
directness of his autobiography and the lessons of it are
so clear that very little is left for other hands to add.
31
It was a most industrious life. From the beginning to
the end of it there was the same unvarying devotion to
some useful end. We think he erred in allowing himself
too little recreation. But it was a maxim with him that
recreation could be obtained as much from a change of
labor as from an entire cessation from it. Most persons
would have felt that the calls of his professional life were
sufficient to engross all his attention. He judged differ-
ently. Without neglecting these, he seized upon the little
interstices of time, and by using them diligently he laid up
his large stores of varied information. While he had an
eager thirst for knowledge for its own sake, he was re-
markably free from any desire for display. Ruskiu has
well said "it is ill tor science when men desire to talk
rather than to know."
His mind seized with avidity all hints and suggestions,
whether they came from nature or from the minds of his
fellow men. The old bones brought home by a New-
buryport ship-master, set him at work in comparative
anatomy. The news of the approach of a comet led him
to the study of Newton's "Principia," and to rambling
among the stars. A tiny plant would beckon him to the
fields, the groves and the river-side.
It was a pure life. Every one who came in contact
with him, even for a single half hour, was impressed with
the guilelessuess of his heart and soul. No word of his
but might have been spoken anywhere and to any person.
The earliest schoolmate or the latest friend of his recog-
nized him as "the pure in heart."
It was a life of untarnished integrity. Starting in his
profession with the purpose that he would depend entirely
upon himself for the support of his family, he was com-
pelled for many years to practise the most careful frugal-
ity. It was a hard and long struggle for a young man to
32
gain a professional standing and a remunerative employ-
ment in such a community as ours.
But in all his transactions he was truthful and honest,
and with the Apostle he could say at the close of a long
life, "I have defrauded no man." Nor was this integrity
of a hard, cold, calculating nature. He would go as
readily at the call of the poor from whom he could expect
no return, as at the call of the rich, who could reward him
most bountifully. And in his account book, he left
special directions to those who might have the charge of
his affairs, that no poor person should be put to hardship -
by the payment of his bills.
It was a life without sham or deception. Had our
friend been less transparent and outspoken he might have
had a larger measure of what the world calls success.
But his whole nature revolted from all imposition, trick-
ery or charlatanism. He never pretended to do impossi-
bilities, nor would he excite hopes when he saw there
was no foundation for them. It was not often that his
usually quiet and genial disposition was disturbed ; but
nothing would ruffle it sooner than the discovery of im-
posture or deceit. He was severe upon such exhibitions
in his own profession, but not less so in business or in
society.
It was a thoroughly religious life. He united with the
church in Harris Street, May 1, 1834 and was dismissed
from that communion, September 5, 1845. He joined
the Whitefield Church Jan. 1, 1850, being one of the
twenty original members of that church.
His piety was simple and unostentatious. While he
made no parade of it, he never flinched from avowing his
faith in our Lord Jesus Christ as the only Saviour of lost
men. He gave to the matters of religion his most earnest
and most profound consideration, and was a Christian be-
33
liever not less from the convictions of his reason, than from
the associations and training of his early life. He was a
man of prayer. The sweet incense of it rose from his home,
his office and from the bedside of his patient. Although a
man of science he was a firm believer in the efficacy of
prayer. Dr. Perkins believed in it, because he had
proved its efficacy in his own experience. His faith did
not rest, however, on any test to which he had put it, but
on his conviction of the reality of God's spiritual kingdom,
the laws of which he felt that he but imperfectly under-
stood. As a religious man his ground of trust was in
our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
No man was more deeply sensible of his faults than our
friend. To one who spoke to him as though he had few,
if any, defects of character, he said, "You do not know
me." It was this deep sense of faultiness which led him
so often to the mercy-seat, and which filled all his peti-
tions to heaven with humble confessions. He was a be-
liever in the divine authority of the Scriptures. The
revelations of science never for a moment shook his firm
belief in the Bible, as the revelation of God. He was no
blind slave of the letter. He never put the Scriptures
and science in antagonism. If for a time they seemed to
be so, he would say, "This is only apparent. The
Author of the two books is the same, and they will be
found harmonious by-and-by." He was accustomed to
speak of religion as historically old, and science as his-
torically young, and when annoyed or perplexed by the
hasty deductions of the friends of either, he declined to
express an opinion, saying, "I want more time." His
religious hope took a peculiar inspiration and grandeur
from his firm faith in the immortality of the soul.
There was singular beauty and force of meaning in
the incident related by a friend.
3
34
Said a visitor to him at parting, "I am twenty odd years
younger than you; if I should survive you, there is one
thing I wish you would leave me. "
" What is that?" said the Doctor, smiling.
"Your mind, Doctor. "
"Oh! that is little enough, but you know, my dear
friend, it is the only thing I can take with me."
In Dr. Perkins we see how consistent and beautiful is the
life of a man of science and a sincere Christian. There
is something in the study of the works of God calculated
to make men humble and devout. It has sometimes
seemed to us that literature and science had a different
effect upon students, that while one led a man to value
and often overrate his own ideas, the other kept him simple
and humble in the presence of the great facts of nature.
We have certainly in the life of our friend, a beautiful
example of a critical scholar, yet a devout Christian be-
liever, a man of science and yet a man of God, a friend
of progress, and yet holding fast to all that was good and
true, a physician by profession, but a friend and helper
by choice truthful, genial, pure, honest, he has finished
his course on earth, and gone to join the society of the
spirits of just men made perfect in glory.
On Saturday morning, February 1, 1873, our friend
was taken ill. No special danger was apprehended during
the day, though some anxiety was felt. About 7 o'clock
that evening, while physicians were in the house and friends
were near him, he suddenly closed his eyes upon this world
and fell asleep in Jesus.
JOANNA QUINER.
A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, BT REV. PHEBE A. HANAFORD.
ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts, has furnished its full
share of the noticeable men and women of the common-
wealth, and the maritime town of Beverly has not failed
to supply its quota. Among these should be mentioned
the subject of this sketch, according to the acknowledg-
ment of the editor of the "North American Review,"
when he said, in July, 1843 [Yol. xlii], while referring
to Stone's "History of Beverly," "One omission we
notice with surprise. In a town more remarkable for the
sober good sense and unostentatious manners of its inhab-
itants than for their taste in the fine arts, the discovery of
an undoubted genius is a remarkable event, and deserv-
ing of record. Miss Quiner, of Beverly, with proper
patronage and advantages, would take no mean rank
among American artists. Without instruction or cultiva-
tion of any sort, her talent for modelling in clay has al-
ready attracted much notice."
Miss Quiuer was born in Beverly, on the 27th day of
August, 1796. Although her parents and herself were
natives of New England, yet she is of French descent on
the paternal side (the name Quiner being generally
spelled Coignard in France) and of Scotch on the mater-
nal, her mother being a descendant of the well known
clan whose war-cry is "The Campbells are coming," some
of which clan early settled in Virginia. Her mother's
(35)
36
name was Susanna, the daughter of John and Susanna
(Bishop) Campbell, of Gloucester. Her death occurred
in April, 1843. She was the mother of thirteen chil-
dren, of whom Joanna was the fourth. No less than
three of those children, young men, were lost at sea.
Mr. Abraham Quiner, the father of Joanna, was a native
of Marblehead, from w r hich town his father sailed in the
Rambler, an American privateer, in the Revolutionary
war. The Rambler was captured by the English frigate
Sibyl, and her officers and crew, being found in arms
against the British government, were imprisoned. Mr.
Quiner was among the unfortunate sufferers who were
incarcerated in Mill Prison, Plymouth, England. A copy
of the warrant used in his arrest was in Miss Quiner's
possession, and reads as follows :
"Devon. To the Constables of the Parish of Stock
Demeril in the said County, and to keepers of the Place of
Confinement lately appointed by his Majesty, by warrant,
under his sign Manuel called Old Mill Prison in the Bor-
ough of Plymouth in the said County, and to each and
every of them. Forasmuch as it appears unto James Young
and Ralph Mitchel, Esq'rs, two of the Justices of our
Lord the King, assigned to keep the peace within the said
County, on the examination of Abraham Quiner, Mariner,
late of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, in North Amer-
ica, a Prisoner brought before us charged with being
found in Arms and in Rebellion on the High Seas on
board the Rambler, Brig, American Privateer, sailed out
at Marblehead in the North America, and Commissioned
by the North American Congress, which was taken by
the Sibyl, English Frigate. Taken before us this day.
That he the said Abraham Quiner was taken at sea, in the
High Treason Act, committed on the High Seas (out of
the realm), on the 21st day of October last, being then
and there found in Arms, levying war in Rebellion, and
aiding the King's Enemies, and was landed in Dock, in
the county of Devon, and the said Abraham Quiner now
37
brought before us ut Stock Demeril aforesaid charged
with and to be committed for the said offence to the Old
Mill Prison in the Borough of Plymouth in the said
County, that being one of the Places appointed for the
Confinement of such Prisoners by his said Majesty under
his Royal sign Manuel, in Pursuance of an Act of Parlia-
ment in that case made and Provided in the 17th year of
his High Reign.
These are therefore in his Majesty's Name to Enquire
and Command your said Constables safely to the body of
the said Abraham Quiner, into your Custody, and him
safely keep in the said place of Confinement untill he
shall be discharged from thence by due course of Law.
And for your so doing this shall be to you and every of
you a sufficient warrcnt.
Given under our Hands and Seals the 16th day of Feb-
ruary, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty."
There appears to be no signature to the document from
which the above is copied verbatim, but the names of
Jas. Young and Ralph Mitchel are in the margin.
The son of this sufferer in the sacred cause of Amer-
ican freedom, was, as stated above, the father of the
sculptor whose ancestry and biography are here sketched.
His character may be somewhat known from the follow-
ing obituary notice, which appeared in the local paper at
the time of his decease :
"In Beverly, yesterday morning, Mr. Abraham Quiner,
aged 73. Funeral this afternoon, at 3 o'clock, from his
late residence in Bartlett St. Friends and relatives are
invited to attend. Through a long life he maintained an
unsullied name. His death has overshadowed with gloom
the community in which he lived, for he was one who
united in himself the character of an upright citizen and
a useful member of society. In all the domestic rela-
tions he was an example worthy of emulation ; and al-
though he had passed the time allotted to the life of man,
his departure has caused an aching void in our midst.
38
Truly can we say of him, 'An honest man's the noblest
work of God."'
An ancient document was placed in my hands at one
time by Miss Quiner, which is of interest as showing the
character of those who are counted among her ancestry.
It was an original letter from her paternal great-grand-
mother, and bore date, thus written : "Febeary ye 13,
1768," and was penned in Gosport, on the Isle of Shoals.
The writer was the daughter of a clergyman who for
many years labored in that place. Her maiden name
was Muchmore, and one of her sisters was the mother of
Joseph White, of Salem, Mass., at the trial of whose
murderers Daniel Webster made the famous speech, in
which occur the words "suicide is confession." The fol-
lowing is a verbatim copy of the letter, which, if it may
show that the writer did not conform closely to Webster
or Worcester in her orthography, will also exhibit the sen-
timents of a truly pious heart. The letter was directed
to Miss Quiner's grandfather Quiner and his wife, then in
Marblehead, Mass.
"Dear children, these few lines come to you with my
kinde love and tender affections to you all, hoping in God
they will finde you all alive and in helth, tho they leave
me weak and feeble, and full of trouble. Dear children,
I now Rite to you in much affliction, and with many tears,
to let you know that the Lord hath taken away your
Father by Death. He died the 5 day of this mounth.
He was sick three moimths, and now I am left as a
woman forsaken and grieved in Spirit. I am forsaken of
my husband by Death, and of my children wile alive,
and I have none to comfort me but the Lord who hath
biden me call upon Him in trouble and He hath prom-
ised to hear and to deliver. On this good God do I
Relie, who hath promised to be a 'husband to the widow
and a father to the fatherless.' To Him do I commit my-
39
self and you, my dear children. Let me hear from you
as soon as possible you can. I would have you give my
kind love to my Brother and Sister, and to my Dear
Cousin, Mr. Coombes, and his wife, who hath been very
kind to me and to all other friends and Relations, and
tell them all of my trouble. I desire their prayers and
yours for me, for my trouble is great, and wants many.
So no more at present, but I remain your loving mother
till Death. RUTH DOWNE.
The letter as written by the author was not punctuated,
but in other respects is very legible, and indicates a pro-
ficiency in penmanship and composition hardly to be
expected in the Isle of Shoals, over a century ago."
Miss Quiuer's life was spent mainly in Essex County.
Lynn, Salem and Beverly at various times afforded her a
home. For a short period she was a resident of Boston,
pursuing her avocation as a seamstress. At one time she
spent a week in the home of Theodore Parker, engaged
in some upholstery work for the family, and enjoying,
with a rare appreciation of his character, the opportunity
of hearing and seeing one whom she held in highest es-
teem as a philanthropist and religious teacher. She was
at another time, and for quite a long period, an assistant
in the family of Dr. Bass, who had charge of the Boston
Athenaeum. Here she first discovered that she had any
talent as a sculptor. One day, as she informed me, she
was in the AtheuoBiim, when Clevenger, the artist, was
engaged in modelling. .Julia, a daughter of Daniel
Webster, and a young lady friend were there, watching
the sculptor's progress iu moulding the plastic clay. He
offered to give them clay, and let them try to model
some image. They accepted. When they brought their
scarcely successful results, Miss Quiner declared she
could do better than that, and Clevenger encouraged her
40
to try. The first attempt showed that she had a remark-
able- aptitude for the art. A head of Dr. Bass was pro-
duced which was declared life-like, and from that hour
the humble sewing woman took rank among sculptors,
since the sculptor's true work is in creating the clay
model, rather than in chiselling the marble.
Dr. J. V. C. Smith, in the "Boston Transcript" of Jan.
19, 1843, thus refers to this woman sculptor who did not
know till she was more than forty years of age, that she
had any ability to work in clay :
" A FEMALE ARTIST. A lady by the name of Quiner,
residing in the quiet town of Beverly, will soon distance
some of the leading artists in modelling in clay, if her
future efforts are suitably encouraged. She has had but
very little experience and not many opportunities for
exercising her ingenuity ; yet the busts already executed
are as true to nature as the most critical eye could desire.
Perhaps the very best, thus far, in the series of her
efforts, is the head of Robert Eantoul, Esq., of that
town, whose strongly marked features are copied with
the nicest accuracy. It is said that being on a visit to
the Athenaeum exhibition, she was particularly struck with
the statuary, and became so strongly persuaded that it
was an easy thing to model, that a friend procured for
her a lump of clay that she might ascertain, by actual
trial, whether she possessed that kind of genius which
seemed to have been so suddenly developed, or, rather,
excited into a state of activity. The very first attempt
was an excellent production, and we feel warranted in
saying that several specimens, which have escaped from
the artist's rural studio into the parlors and libraries of
the admirers of such admirable works, need only t6 be
seen abroad, to insure Miss Quiner a wide-spreading
fame."
Previous to this notice by this literary notable, after-
wards mayor of Boston, there appeared a notice of Miss
41
Quiner, in the Salem "Advertiser and Argus," of March
23, 1842, headed "Fine Arts." It was as follows :
"We are informed that Miss Joanna Quiuer, of Bev-
erly, has recently executed models for busts of two gen-
tlemen of Beverly, which will compare well with those
which have been executed by experienced artists in Bos-
ton. She has had only a few years experience in an art
which she commenced without instruction, and has made
only seven models. We commend her to those who wish
to employ an artist in this line, to examine her work of
this season, and compare it with that of others, before
they make any engagement. Busts of hers are at the
Atheuseum in Boston, and at Capt. George Abbott's, Mr.
Wm. Endicott's and Mr. Robert Rautoul's houses in
Beverly, and at Rev. A. P. Peabody's house in Ports-
mouth."
This kind and truthful advertisement, penned by a
friend connected with the press (and of these she had
many), did not bring her much employment, for she
lacked the youth and beauty and wealth which might
have assisted in bringing her before the public as an
artist. She had always the cross of an unprepossessing
person to bear, and her life was often an unequal struggle
with poverty. She was industrious, but with all her
industry with her needle, or as a sculptor, or, in later
years, at the sewing machine, she could scarcely "keep
the wolf from the door." Had not kind and apprecia-
ting friends assisted her in a delicate way, for her com-
mendable pride forbade the request for help, she would
have suffered for the necessaries of life, while yet she
possessed more genius, in the way which made Michael
Angelo famous, than any other woman of Essex County.
Among the busts which Miss Quiner modelled, and
which were afterwards cast in plaster, besides those al-
ready mentioned, were those of Hon. Albert Thorndike,
42
Frothingham the artist, Alonzo Lewis, the "Lynn Bard,"
Fitch Poole, Esq., editor of the South Danvers (now Pea-
body) "Wizard," and Wm. H. Lovett, Esq., of Beverly.
The last bust which she modelled, I believe, was that of
the writer of this sketch, and it was done as a labor of
love, at her own desire. Never shall I forget the pleasant
hours which were passed in her little studio in Cabot St.,
Beverly, which was at that time her parlor, kitchen, and,
one corner of it, properly screened, her sleeping apart-
ment. Our acquaintance had been formed in the temper-
ance societies, of which we were both members ; and the
hearty interest, which the subject of this sketch always
manifested in the good cause of total abstinence, won and
kept for her my friendship, which grew stronger as I
learned to look beneath the rather repelling outward
appearance and blunt manners, and speech full of the "re-
morseless truth" (which her ideal of a good man Theo-
dore Parker loved so well), and saw the true, warm
heart, the genuine nobility of character, the stern and pure
integrity of soul, which constituted the woman, so little
understood and appreciated. Her ability as an artist I
once acknowledged in a sonnet, for which I may pardon-
ably claim a place in this sketch, since I know it gave
her great pleasure amid the sorrows of her lonely life.
I had just been looking upon the plaster bust of one
of "nature's noblemen" which she had modelled, and
wrote :
TO JOANNA QUINER.
And this is woman's work ! this noble brow,
These "features cast in Nature's finest mould,"
Thy skill evoked from out the damp, dull clay,
To gladden loving hearts as they behold.
Thine is a noble mission, thus to spare
From dark oblivion many a noble head ;
43
The casket whence the priceless gem is gone
May still be dear for memories yet unfled ;
And thou art favored thus to shadow forth,
Though dimly, as thou thinkest, woman's power,
Her talent, genius, intellectual might,
And holy sympathy, her precious dower.
God mould thy spirit till like Him thou art,
And stamp His sacred image on thy heart !
This was in 1860, and during the same year I wrote
another sonnet as follows :
ON SEEING A BUST BY MISS QUINER.
With sudden thought I paused beside the bust,
And Cowper's touching words unbidden rose,
"O that those lips had language !" and those eyes
Lit with the fire of soul might once unclose !
Yet not with Uzziah sacrilege would I
Seek aught beyond the will of love supreme,
Nor sigh, Pygmalion-like, that life be given
To aught of human mould, tho' fair it seem.
Man may the marble shape, the plastic clay
Mould, till the thinking brain, the throbbing heart,
Seem only needed to perfect the whole :
The breath of life God only can impart.
Thanks for those powers which link us to the skies,
Though ne'er to our Creator's height we rise.
I cannot but express the hope that the name of Joanna
Quiuer will not be forgotten among those women who
believe in the use of all the powers which God has given.
"She hath done what she could" to show that woman may
achieve the triumphs of art, as well as man, when gifted
by the Creator with similar powers, and if Harriet Hos-
mer and Emma Stebbins and Margaret Foley have done
much more than she, still impartial justice will write her
name with theirs, in the list of women brave to dare and
strong to do.
Keligiously, Miss Quinerwas a radical, or free-religion-
44
ist ; at least what would be called such at the present
day. She revered the great iconoclast, Parker, and his
words were as welcome to her as to her English sister-
woman, Frances Power Cobbe. She never made any
profession of religion, but was content to live purely and
nobly. She trusted God, who had called her into being,
and was ever ready "to do good as she had opportunity ;"
when she died, she went peacefully to Him whose power
and love she believed would still surround her in all the
untried paths of another life. Her theology and her reli-
gion were one, and were both comprised in the two com-
mandments on which "hang all the law and the prophets."
She spent the last few months of her life in Lynn, Mass.,
tenderly cared for by a sister, and died there in 1869, and
her remains now rest in her native town of Beverly.
Not long before her departure she presented her picture,
painted by Frothingham, to the Beverly Public Library.
The following courteous letter, from the Secretary of the
Board of Trustees, will show the estimation in which she
was held in her native town.
B^VEBLY, July 28, 1868.
Miss J. Quiner, Lynn, Mass.
DEAR MADAM : The Trustees of the Beverly Public
Library acknowledge the offer of your portrait, through
Mrs. P. A. Hanaford, which we shall be pleased to
receive in due time, and to place before our people,
many of whom have long known you as a neighbor and a
friend.
We have all known you as one whose labors and suc-
cess in a difficult department of art have reflected much
credit not only upon yourself, but upon your sex and the
town with which you are identified. The portrait of such
an one, executed with Mr. Frothingham's skill, is itself
an encouragement to faithfulness and perseverance in
every honorable calling, and as such, appropriately fills a
45
place in onr library rooms, adding the suggestive and
educating force of character to that of books, which our
young may constantly read.
We have requested Mrs. Hanaford to forward the pic-
ture, carefully packed, to our address. It will receive
immediate attention upon arrival.
Permit us to convey the assurance of our personal
regard, and our best wishes for your comfort, health and
happiness, Very respectfully yours,
For the Trustees,
FRANKLIN LEACH, Sec'y.
It will be many a day before her name will be for-
gotten in her native town, and if this brief and necessa-
rily imperfect sketch shall serve to make her better
known to others, I shall feel that my labor has not- been
in vain, since I shall have introduced them to a strong-
souled woman who was an honor to her sex.
She has gone to the Father's house. She was not cul-
tured nor beautiful, nor winning in manner and speech,
and she had no outward connection with the church of
Christ. The thoughtless and ignorant called her an infi-
del, when in truth her unfaltering faith could shame their
own. In the memorable days when I sat in her studio,
as a friend and model, she cheerfully permitted me to
read aloud from the Holy Scriptures, and many a word
did she utter which showed that infidel though she might
be styled by those who knew her not, yet in her heart
was "the well of water springing up unto everlasting
life." That grace was there which was the strength of
principle, the wisdom of activity, the impulse of benevo-
lence, and therefore her life was no failure, but fulfilled
divinest uses, and was a prelude to that music where all
discords are hushed, and the divine will brings forth eter-
nal harmony.
INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE BURIAL-GROUNDS OF
MARBLEHEAD, MASS.
COLLECTED BT PERLEY DERBT, SALEM, MASS., SEPT., 1873.
THE following names and dates were first copied for
the compiler's private use ; and comprise but a portion of
each original inscription.
Pond St. Burial-ground, on the Hill.
ABORN, JAMES, Sept. 28, 1803, aged 57 years.
ADAMS, WILLIAM. [Seaman's Monument.*] 1837.
" WILLIAM B. [Mon.] 1846.
" THOMAS H. " Lost at sea. 1834.
" NICHOLAS G. " " " " L-31.
AGNES, negro woman to Samuel Russell. July 12, 1718, aged 45 years.
ALLEN, WILLIAM, died at sea. Feb. 24, 1838, aged 51 yrs.
" MARY, wife of William. Sept. 30, 1858, aged 77 yrs.
" BENJ. D., son of Wm. and Mary. Sept. 18, 1823, aged 20 m.
ANDERTON, THOMAS. Aug. 25, 1796, aged 62 yrs., 8 m.
*' MARY, wife of Thomas. Nov. 29, 1793, aged 52 yrs., 8 m.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Thos. and Mary. June 15, 1782, aged 35
y., 1 m., 25 d.
" MOSES, son of Thos. and Mary. May 17, 1819, aged 43 yrs.
ANDREWS, HANNAH, wife of John. Sept. 30, 1794, aged 68 yrs.
*An imposing monument stands in this ground, " Erected A. D. 1848, by the
Marblehead Charitable Seaman Society, Instituted Feb. 12, 1831, in memory of its
deceased members, on shore and at sea." The number died on shore is 19. Lost
at sea, 30. On the Grand Banks, Newfoundland, in the gale of Sept. 19, 1846, as
represented on this monument, 14. But an inscription says, " Whole number lost
from Marblehead in this gale, 65 men and boys, 43 heads of families, leaving 43
widows and 155 fatherless children." Members' names appearing in the following
list will be distinguished by u mon.," in parenthesis, after them.
(46)
47
ANDREWS, [ANDRAS] JOSEPH, only son of Jos. and Hannah. Apr. 23,
1793, aged 35 yrs., 1 m.
ASHTON, JOSEPH. Aug. 22, 1725, 47th yr.
" ABIGAIL, dau. of Jos. and Mary. Aug. 27, 1720, aged 5.
" JANE, wife of Philip. Dec. 10, 1727, Oth yr.
" SARAH ANN, dau. of Benj. and Sarah. Apr. 22, 1844, aged 4.
ATKINS, NATHANIEL H. (mon.), lost at sea. 1840.
BAILEY, Capt. JOHN. Apr. 21, 1828, aged 67.
" MARY, wife of Capt. John. May 13, 1840, aged 78.
" JOHN, son of Capt. John and Mary. Sept. 30, 1789, aged
10 ra., 8 d.
BARNARD, JOHN, Rev. Jan. 25, 1770, aged 89.
" ANNA, wife of Rev. John. Aug. 24, 1774, aged 78.
BARTLETT, RUTHE, wife of John. Feb. 4, 1803, aged 52.
" ABIGAIL, " " " Nov. 6, 1817, aged 28 yrs., 10 m.
BARTOL, Capt. John. Oct. 8, 1771, aged 58.
" MARY, wife of Capt. John. Apr. 23, 1766, aged 50 yrs., 7 m.
" SAMUEL, son of John and Sarah. Feb. 14, 1759, aged 20 yrs.,
7 m.
" WILLIAM T. Feb. 15, 1859, aged 47.
" SARAH LOUISA, dau. of Wm. T. Jan. 17, 1844, aged 6 y., 7 m.
BARTOLL, ALSTON, son of Wm. T. June 7, 1849, aged 1 y.
" LINDSAY, " " " " Aug. 8, 1857, aged 4 y., 9 m.
BASSETT, MARY, wife of John. Jan. 6, 1789, 58th yr.
BERENCE, MARY, dau. of John and Mary. Aug. 31, 1805, aged 3 y.,
11 m.
" JOHN T., son of John and Mary. Sept. 12, 1805, aged 11 m.
BERRY, EBENEZER. Feb. 6, 1817, aged 45 y., 6 m.
" BETSY (on stone of Rob't Quill, Jr., and others). Apr. 1, 1844,
aged 71.
BESOM, REBECCA, wife of Joseph. Mar. 18, 1854, aged 39 y., 5 m.
" JOSEPH, son of Joseph and Rebecca. July 18, 1790, aged 2 y.
" PHILIP. Sept. 4, 1797, aged 66.
" SARAH, wife of Philip. Dec. 22, 1802, aged 66 y., 2 ra.
" RICHARD. Feb. 3, 1812, aged 81.
" SARAH, wife of Richard. Sept. 17, 1802, aged 70.
BOARDMAN, FRANCIS. Mar. 31, 1823, aged 56.
BONFIELD, REBECCA, wife of George, "who did much good in her life,"
Apr. 30, '87, aged .
BOWDEN, ELIZABETH, wife of Benj. and dau. of Benj. and Elizabeth
Graves, Sept. 19, 1794, aged 21 y., 10 m.
" THOMAS, son of Twisden and Sarah, Oct. 4, 1771, aged 3 y.
Bo WEN, JOSEPH C. (mon.), gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
48
BRAY, Capt. BENJAMIN," Mar. 1, 1807, aged 32 y., 18 d.
" SARAH, wife of Benjamin, leaving 2 ch., Feb. 11, 1801, aged
22 yrs., 7 rn.
BRIDGED, GEORGE. July 17, 1832, aged 64.
" MARY, wife of George, July 14, 1796, aged 32.
" MARY, dau. of George and Mary, Sept. 13, 1790, aged 22 mo.
" MARY, " " " " " Aug. 18, 1794, aged 22 mo.
" HANNAH,dau. of " " " Oct. 7, 1795, aged 19 mo.
" MARY, " " " " " Aug. 13, 1796, aged 8 mo.
" MARY, wife of George, Nov. 11, 1806, 29th yr.
" NANCY, widow of George. Dec. 9, 1855, aged 70.
" PHILIP. NoV. 1, 1820, aged 61.
" HANNAH, wife of Philip. Nov. 4, 1845, aged 87.
" MARY, dau. of Philip and Hannah. Jan. 19, 1805, aged 20 y.,
2m.,26d. '
" PHILIP (mon.), at sea. 1844.
" GEORGE, " in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
BRIMBLECOME, LUCY, wife of Sam'l, jr., "with seven small children
by her side." June 12, 1757, aged 39 y., 1 m., 30 d.
" PHILIP, Sr. Apr., 1797, aged .'
" PHILIP, eldest son of Philip and Hannah. Feb. 1, 1824, aged
37 y., 2m.
" SEAWARD, brother of Philip, Sr. At St. Pierre's, Martinico,
June 17, 1818, aged .
" SAMUEL. Mar. 4, 1807, aged 64 y., 4 m., 8 d.
" JANE, wife of Samuel. May 19, 1803, aged 61.
BRINTNAL, MARY, wife of John. Jan. 20, 1688, aged 24.
BROWN, JOHN. Feb. 17, 1702-3, aged about 13.
" Capt. JOHN. May 17, 1707, aged 47.
" WILLIAM, Nov. 17, 1786, aged 55 y., 3 m. ,
" Capt. JOHN (and 4 ch. under 3 yrs). Sept. 10, 1816, aged
79 y.
" AMEY, wife of Capt. John. Feb. 27, 1826, aged 87.
" JOHN. Nov. 15, 1826, aged 66.
" HANNAH, wife of John. May 4, 1806, aged 49.
" MARY, 2d w. of John. Feb. 19, 1811, aged 54.
" ANNA, wife of Peter. Dec. 27, 1810, aged 26.
" Capt. EICHARD. Aug. 30, 1827, aged 44 y., 10 m.
" CALEB, son of Capt. Richard and Mary A. Sept. 28, 1814,
aged 1 y.
" PETER, son of Capt. Richard and Mary A. June 8, 1817,
aged 5 y., 6 m.
" JAMES OLIVER, son of John and Sarah. Mar. 7, 1798, aged
12 y.
49
BROWN, HANNAH B., dau. of John and Sarah. May 31, 1805, aged
\-> y., 6m.
" T'HOMAS, son of John and Sarah. Sept. 28, 1806, aged 2 y.
" MAKY, wife of Capt. Thomas. May 12, 1802, aged 44.
" Mrs. TAMSON. May 12, 1804, aged 67 y., 9 m.
" HANNAH, wife of Capt. Edward. July 10, 1809, aged 47.
" JOSEPH. Apr. 8, 1834, aged 85.
" LUCRETIA, wid. of Joseph. May 21, 1857, aged 83 y., 8 ra.
" WILLIAM P. (inon.). 1838.
" REBECCA, wife of Wm. P. and dau. of Capt. Richard and
Rebecca Dixey. Aug. 4, 1807, aged 26 y., 4 m.
" JOHN (mon.). 1845.
BRUCE, Capt. DAVID, Jr. (his wid. Alice md. Samuel Chinn). Sept.
19, 1794, aged 21 y., 10 m.
BUBIER, Capt. JOSEPH. Dec. 20, 1783, aged 45.
" CHRISTOPHER. June 30, 1786, aged 83.
" MARGARET, wife of Christopher. Feb. 2, 1782, aged 73.
" Mrs. RUTH. Footstone, quite ancient.
" RUTH, widow of Capt. John. Jan. 13, 1791, aged 56.
" DEBORAH, wife of William. Sept. 17, 1808, aged 62.
BURKE, Lois, wife of William. Mar. 6, 1773, aged 26.
BURNHAM, Capt. JOHN. Aug. 25, 1798, aged 63.
CALLEY, MARY, relict of John. Oct. 19, 1796, aged 63 y., 2 m.
" GRACE BUBIER, dau. of Thomas and Grace. Oct. 12, 1801,
aged 16 m., 16 d.
CARDER, MARY, dau. of Joel and Elizabeth. Dec. 26, 1804, aged 57.
" HANNAH, dau. of John and Elizabeth. Apr. 2, 1760. 32d yr.
CAREW, GEORGE, of Barbadoes, late from Jamaica. Aug. 13, 1750,
aged 27.
CARSWELL, RICHARD (mon.). 1837.
CHADWICK, CHARLES, b. Aug. 1, 1774, lost at sea, Sept., 1815.
" RUTH, wid. of Charles, b. Sept. 1, 1781, d. Jan. 20, 1871.
" CHARLES (mon.), lost in gale of Sept 19, 1846.
CHAPMAN, SAMUEL. Aug. 7, 1799, aged 52 y., 6 m.
CHARAMEL, SARAH, wife of Alexis and dau. of Capt. John and Sarah
Doliber. Sept. 3, 1816, aged 24.
" JOSEPH, son of Alexis and Sarah. Oct. 23, 1816, aged 7 m.
CHEEVER, Rev. SAMUEL. May 29, 1724.
CHINN, SAMUEL. Dec. 13, 1806, aged 65 y., 9 m.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Samuel. Feb. 5, 1826, aged 80 y., 7 m.
" ROBERT B. (also on mon.). May 29, 1846, aged 59 y., 8 m.
" SARAH K., wife of Robert B. Mar. 2, 1872, aged 80 y., 4 m.
50
CHINN, ALICE, wife of Samuel, and widow of Capt. David Bruce, Jr.
Dec. 4, 1866, aged 73 y., 6 m., 18 d.
" GEORGE. Jan. 9, 1843, aged 59 y., 11 rn.
" MARY, wife of George. Sept. 1, 1847, aged 62 y., 8 m.
" JAMES O., son of George and Mary. Sept. 14, 1836, aged 17
y., 10 m.
" GEORGE (mon.). 1845.
CLARK, JOHN. June 9, 1784, aged 55 y.
CLOUGH, SARAH, wife of Ebenezer. Nov. 28, 1786, 56th y.
" SAMUEL, only ch. of Ebenezer. Sept. 28, 1787, aged 22 y.,
2 m.
CLOUTMAN, SUSANNA, dau. of Thos. and Susanna. Nov. 27, 1791,
aged 2 y., 11 m.
" THOMAS (mon.). 1836.
" RUTH, dau. of John and Anna. Dec. 14, 1800, aged 2 y., 6 m.
" SALLY H., dau. of John and Anna. Aug. 14, 1810, aged 14
y., 6m.
" HENRY. July 22, 1850, aged 75 y., 6 m.
" MARY, wife of Henry and dau. of Capt. John Traill. Feb. 4,
1807, 27th y.
" NANCY, wife of Capt. Henry. Dec. 21, 1843, aged 57 y.
" S. ELIZABETH, dau. of Capt. Henry and Nancy. Apr. 26,
1852, aged 24 y., 11 m.
" EGBERT (on stone of George and Mary Knight), at sea (also
on mon.). June 18, 1839, aged 41 y., 9 m.
COCKS, HANNAH, eldest dau. of Capt. James and Margaret. July 14,
1802, aged 16 y.
COLLYER, JOHN, 1st son of John and Sarah. Apr. 2], 1798, aged 2 y.,
5 m., 22 d.
" JOHN, 2d son of John and Sarah. Oct. 21, 1802, aged 10 m.,
21 d.
" SAMUEL, son of Samuel and Mercy. Sept. 9, 1794, aged 11
m., 23d.
" SAMUEL (mon.). 1839.
ISAAC " 1847.
CONANT, JOHN. Apr. 19, 1738, 89th y.
" ELIZABETH, wife of John. July 3, 1711, aged 79 y.
COUNTEY, NICHOLAS. Jan. 21, 1800, aged 39.
COURTIS, WILLIAM, Capt. Nov. 20, 1779, aged 59 y., 2 m.
" SARAH, first wife of Capt William. Jan. 1, 1765, aged 43 y.,
6 m.
" ELIZABETH, second wife of Capt. Wm. Dec. 11, 1771, 38th y.
" JOHN (mon.), in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
COWELL, JEMIMA, wife of Richard. July 12, 1755, aged 32.
51
CRATEY, ANDREW. May 10, 1695, aged 44.
CROCKER, URIEL. Apr. 12, 1813, aged 45.
" MARY, wife of Uriel and dau. of Israel and Mary Eaton.
Sept. 14, 1790, aged 20 y., 8 m.
" MARY, wife of Uriel. Aug. 27, 1811, aged 38 y.
" ELIZABETH JAMES, dau. of Uriel and Mary. Apr., 1810, aged
6 m.
" FRANCIS BOARDMAN, son of Uriel and Mary, Aug. 11, 1813,
aged 5 y.
CROSS, Capt. JOHN, who, with all on board, was lost at sea in the
Traveller. 1804, aged 36.
" ABIGAIL, wid. of Capt. John. Mar. 5, 1821, aged 52 y.
" JOSEPH S., sou of Capt. John and Abigail, at Hamburg, by
a fall from the mast-head of Brig Eagle. Apr. 21, 1821,
aged 21.
" JOHN, ELIZABETH D., and WM. HAMMOND, infants of Capt.
John.
CROWNIN SHIELD, JANE, wife of Wm. and only dau. of Jona. aud
Jane Thompson. Jan. 27, 1771, aged 36 y.
" MARY, dau. of Edward and Mary. Sept. 4, 1807, aged 15
y., 11 m.
" WILLIAM (mon.), lost at sea. 1845.
CUNNINGHAM, , wife of Edward and dau. of Thomas and Mary
Millet, b. Jan. 10, 1748 ; d. Aug. 2, 1770.
CURTIS, SALLY, wid. of William M. Sept. 8, 1852, aged 80 y.
" JOSEPH. Dec. 28, 1804, aged 48 y.
" SARAH, wid. of Joseph. Jan. 28, 1812, aged 45.
DARLING, BENJAMIN. June 12, 1777, aged 66.
" HENRY, son of Benj. and Elleanor. Sept. 1, 1743, aged 2 y.,
3 m., 6 d.
" JOHN, son of Benj. and Elleanor. Jan. 22, 1775, aged 20 y.,
11 m.
" TABITHA, wid. of the late Benj., Jr. June 26, 1762, aged 31 y.
DARRELL, THOS. ASPINWALL, son of Thos. and Sarah. Oct. 28, 1770,
aged 2 y., 4 m.
DEAN, ELIZABETH, wife of Benjamin. Apr. 27, 1796, aged 24 y., 6 m.
DKNNIS, MARY, dau. of Capt. John and Rebecca. Oct. 11, 1769, aged
2y.
" MARY, dau. of Capt. John and Rebecca. Aug. 25, 1775,
aged , and two still born twins.
" JAMES, son of Capt. John and Rebecca. Oct. 26, 1795, aged
19 y.
52
DENNIS, ELIZABETH, wife of Benjamin. Apr. 27, 1796, aged , 6m., lid.
" JONAS. Apr. 2, 1835, aged 88 y.
" SARAH, wife of Jonas. June 24, 1818, aged 66 y., 6 m.
" MAUY, dau. of Jonas and Sarah. Aug. 5, 1781, aged 22 m.
" SALLY, " " " " " Sept. 1, 1792, aged 2 wks.
" MARY, " " " " " Feb. 22, 1802, aged 20 y.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Jonas and Sarah. Mar. 1, 1815, aged
30 y., 6 m.
" WILLIAM, lost at sea. 1821, aged 59.
" MARY, wife of William. June 28, 1821, aged 32.
" JOHN D. (mon.). 1831.
" SALLY, relict of Daniel. Apr. 3, 1844, aged 56.
DEVEREUX, HUMPHREY, tomb. 1758.
" RUTH RUDDOCK, dau. of Nath'l K. and Tabitha. Sept. 10,
1795, aged 13 m.
" MARY K., dau. of Nath'l K. and Tabitha. May 17, 1802,
aged 16 in., 3 d.
" RUTH [wid. of Ralph]. Feb. 27, 1809, aged 97.
" ROBERT, Jr. (mon.), lost at sea. 1834.
" ELIZABETH GERKY, dau. of Burrill and Elizabeth. May 23,
1872, aged 90 y., 6 m.
DIXEY, MARY, wife of Thomas. Feb. 2, 1757, aged 35 y., 1 m.
" DAVID, son of Capt. David and Anes. Mar. 29, 1760, aged
2 y., 9 m., 15 d.
" JOHN. Dec. 15, 1848, aged 82 y., 4 m.
" ELIZABETH, wife of John. Apr. 23, 1848, aged 82.
" OVID, son of John and Rebeccal Jan. 19, 1818, aged 3 y., 5m.
" Capt. RICHARD. Apr. 10, 1800, aged 56 y., 7 m.
" RICHARD. Apr. 23, 1858, aged 53 y., 7 m., 4 d.
" SALLY, wife of Richard. Apr. 7, 1852, aged 43 y., 4 m., 19 d.
" HANNAH S., dau. of Richard and Sally. Jan. 22, 1833, aged
4 m., 13 d.
" MARY J., dau. of Richard and Sally. Oct. 2, 1837, aged 9
m., 29 d.
" THOMAS, son of Richard and Sally. Oct. 3, 1857, aged 7 y.,
8 m., 5 d.
' REBECCA, grandmother to Mary G., wife of John Homan,
and Rebecca Homan, wife of Elbridge G. Martin. Nov.
9, 1807, aged 61.
" PETER, tomb. 1839.
DOAK, HANNAH, wife of James. Nov. 4, 1775, aged 26 y., 6 m.
MARY. Mar. 21, 1842, aged 79 y., 20 d.
DODD, MARY OWENS, dau. of Thomas and Mary. Oct. 5, 1823, aged
15 y., 10 m.
53
DODD, Mrs. SUSANNA. Nov. 20, 1823, aged 75.
" SAMUEL. Oct. 1, 1860, aged 84 y., 9 m.
" JANE, wife of Samuel. May 27, 1844, aged 65 y., 4 m., 22 d.
" SAMUEL 3d (mon.), in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
BENJAMIN, " " " " " " "
DOLHONDE, ELIZABETH, dau. of John and Elizabeth. Jan. 18, 1738,
aged 2 m. 10 d.
DOLIBER, THOMAS. May 11, 1760, aged 62 y., 6 m.
" BENJAMIN F. (mon.), lost at sea. 1840.
" THOMAS, " " in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
DOLLIBER, FRANCIES. Jan. 29, 1806, aged 47 y., 3 m.
" JOHN B., son of Sam'l R. and Hannah. Nov. 25, 1840, aged
18m.
" JOHN W., son of Sam'l E. and Hannah. Nov. 11, 1841, aged
7m.
" HANNAH E., dau. of Sam'l R. and Hannah. Dec. 6, 1842, aged
9 y., 3 m.
" MARY E., dau. of Sam'l R. and Hannah. Oct. 11, 1844, aged
14m.
DOLLIVER, PETER. Sept. 28, 1807, aged 82.
" HANNAH, wife of Peter. July 23, 1797, aged 66.
DUPAR, MINERVA, wife of Francis. Oct. 29, 1858, aged 22 y., 9 m.
DUPUY, THOMAS, son of Thomas and Mary. Feb. 18, 1802, aged 8 y.,
4m.
EATON, MARY, wife of Israel and only dau. of Capt. Ambrose and
Elizabeth James. Feb. 4, 1794, aged 49.
" MOLLY, wife of Israel. Nov. 30, 1800, aged 53.
" SARAH, dau. " " July 6, 1803, aged 22.
ELJTHROP, MARY, wife of John. Aug. 3, 1717, aged 32.
ESCOURTE, Mrs. ESTHER [on stone of John Conant]. Nov. 26, 1709,
50th y.
FELTON, SARAH, wife of John. Feb. 18, 1749, aged 63 y., 6 m.
" THOMAS (mon.), lost at sea. 1847.
FETTYPLACE, EDWARD. Aug. 7, 1805, aged 83.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Edward. Feb. 20, 1794, aged 73 y., 5 m.
" JOHN, son of Edward and Jane. May 15, 1808, aged 18.
" EDWARD, died in Salem. Jan. 16, 1827, aged 78.
" THOMAS, " " " Jan. 22, 1826, aged 41.
" HANNAH DKVEREUX, wife of Thomas, died in Salem. July
10, 1861, aged 76.
" THOMAS J., tomb, 1849 [on tablet of Thos. Gerry, Esq.].
54
FETTYPLACE, HENRY K., died in Salem. Mar. 10, 1862, aged 42.
FINCH, HANNAH, wife of George. Apr. 4, 1737, aged 40 yrs.
FLORENCE, JOHN, son of John and Mary. June 5, 1801, aged 11 m.,
3d.
" MARY, dau. of John and Mary. Nov. 1, 1801, aged 3 y., 5 m.
FOLLET, PHILIP. May 7, 1807, aged 28 y., 9 m.
" THOMAS (mon.), 1840.
FOSDICK, THOMAS. May 2, 1771, aged 38.
FOSTER, ELIZABETH, wife of Ebenezer. Oct. 8, 1767, aged 25 y., 3 m.,
9d.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Ebenezer and Elizabeth. Sept., 1754, aged
1 y., 1 m.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Ebeuezer and Elizabeth. Dec. 12, 1758,
aged 1 yr., 4 m.
FRANCIES, ELIZABETH, wife of Christopher, and dau. of Richard and
Rebecca Dixey. Oct. 13, 1806, aged 35.
FRANCIS, BARTHOLOMEW (mon.), lost at sea. 1831.
" WILLIAM (mon.), lost at sea. 1833.
FROST, ELIZA ANN, wife of William 2d. Apr. 3, 1847, aged 26.
" MARY H., dau. of Wm. 2d and Eliza Ann. Apr. 21, 1844, aged
2y-
FURNES, DAVID. Sept. 4, 1723, aged 61.
" SARAH, wife of David. Feb. 27, 1728, aged 66.
to
nor Gail
ance Smith
died Feb. 28th
1749.
GALE, AZOR, Esq. Jan. 28, 1727, aged 59.
" ROOTS. Dec. 24, 1728, aged 24 y., 4 m.
" ALICE, wife of Thomas. Oct., 24, 1736, aged 19.
" Capt. WILLIAM. June 30, 1762, aged 44.
" MARY, wid. of Samuel. May 2, 1772, aged 70.
GALLISON, JOSEPH. Sept. 30, 1718.
" JOHN. Aug. 30, 1736, aged 31 y., 11 m., 15 d.
" JOHN, Esq. March 26, 1786, aged 55.
GERRY, THOMAS, Esq. (tomb) b. Newton Abbott, Eng., March 15, 1702 ;
d. Marblehead, July 15, 1774.
" SAMUEL, son of Thomas and Elizabeth. Aug. 26, 1738, aged
13 m.,23d.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth. Sept. 3, 1740,
aged 14 w., 3d.
55
GERRY, SAMUEL R. Feb. 22, 1807, aged 56.
" HANNAH, wife of Samuel Russell and dau. of Jona. and Abi-
gail Glover. March 30, 1780, aged 25.
" SARAH, wife of Samuel R. July 22, 1830, aged 70.
GILBERT, JOHN. Sept. 19, 1846, aged 43.
" MART, wife of John. May 12, 1862, aged 62.
GIRDLER, FRANCIS. June 24, 1750, aged 39.
" BENJAMIN. Nov. 25, 1835, aged 64.
" RICHARD (mon.). 1836.
" WILLIAM, " lost in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
GLIDDEN, ELIZABETH, wife of George, d. Unity, N. H., Dec. 24, 1859,
aged 47.
GLOVER, ABIGAIL, wife of Col. Jonathan. Apr. 29, 1787, aged 60.
" BENJAMIN, son " " " and Abigail. May, 1759, aged
19 m.
" BENJAMIN, son of Col. Jonathan and Abigail. Sept. 10, 1762,
aged 6 wks.
" JONATHAN, son of Col. Jonathan and Abigail. Sept. 20, 1771,
aged 5 m.
" Brig. Gen. JOHN, b. Nov. 5, 1732; d. Jan. 30, 1797, aged 64.
" HANNAH, wife Brig. Gen. John. Nov. 13, 1778, aged 45 y., 5 m.
" JONAS, son of " " " and Hannah. July 15, 1789,
aged 25.
GOODWIN, THOMAS, son of William and Jane. Feb. 27, 1722-3, aged
19 d.
" JOHN, son of William and Jane. Apr. 15, 1723, 5th year.
" HANNAH, wife of James. Sept. 17, [1805]? aged 24 y., 4 m.
" JAMES, son of James and Hannah.
" HANNAH, dau. of James and Hannah.
" SUSANNA, wife of James, Jr., and dau. of Thomas and Maty
Dodd. Oct. 29, 1823, aged 20.
" a son of James, Jr. and Susanna. Aug. 17, 1823, aged 1 mo.
" JOHN, 3d (mon.), lost at sea. 1831.
" JOHN, lost at sea. Nov., 1843.
" SUSANNA, wife of John. Apr. 15, 1856, aged 63.
" JOHN, Jr. (mon.), lost at sea. 1843.
" WILLIAM (mon.). 1845.
GOUDEY, Mrs. ELIZABETH. May 7, 1796, aged 84.
GRANT, ANN, wife of Thos. and dau. of Mary Stanford. Jan. 19,
1765, aged 57.
" MARGARET, wife of Thos. Mar. 6, 1789, aged 47.
" MARGARET, dau. of Thos. and Margaret. Apr. 8, 1795, aged 22.
" CHRISTOPHER (mon.). 1847.
GRAVES, ELIZABETH, wife of Capt. Eben'r. Jan. 6, 1800, aged 55.
56
GRAVES, REBKCCA, wife of Capt. Eben'r. June 16, 1806, aged 35.
" JOHN. Jan. 18, 1839, aged 87.
" MAKY, 1st wife of Johii. Jan. 24, 1783, aged 30.
" REBECCA, 2d wife of John. July 20, 1824, aged 72.
GREEN, JOSEPH WEST, son of Michael and Mary. Oct. 21, 1793, aged
2y., 3m.
" MICHAEL, son of Michael and Mary. June 10, 1796, aged 7 y.,
8 m.
" THOMAS. Sept. 10, 1856, aged 50.
" ANNIS. March 4, 1861, aged 70 y., 6 ra.
" WILLIAM. Sept. 26, 1856, aged 73 y., 4 ra.
" MEHITABLEF., wife of William. Mar. 20, 1850, aged 69 y., 7 m.
" JOHN F. (mbn.), lost at sea. 1832.
GREENLEAF, REBKCCA. Dec. 3, 1737, aged 45 y., 25 d.
GROSE, MIRIAM, left 180 ch., grand and great grand ch. No date, aged
80 y.
GROSS, RICHARD. Sept. 11, 1711, aged abt. 68.
GRUSH, Capt. JOHN. Jan. 9, 1787, aged 54 y., 2 m.
" HANNAH, wife of Capt. John. May, 1760, aged 18 y.., 6 m.
HALEY, SARAH, wife of John, formerly wife of Henry Trevett. Jan.
7, 1752, aged 66.
HAMMOND, EMMA, wife of Thos. Peach, and dau. of John and Eliza
Hammond. Sept. 24, 1810, aged 26.
" Mrs. HANNAH. Mar. 13, 1820, aged 68.
" HANNAH, dau. of Thos. and Hannah. Oct. 3, 1804, aged 18.
" " " " " " " Aged 10.
" WILLIAM, son " " " "3 wks.
tl U 4( U (( (( 3 y^
" ELIZABETH, wid. of Elias. Feb. 12, 1813, aged 82 y., 6 m.
" BENJAMIN. Aug. 16, 1818, aged 27.
" Capt. WILLIAM. Dec. 9, 1821, aged 49.
" ABIGAIL BUKNS, wife of Capt. William. Dec. 12, 1839, aged 64.
" BENJAMIN, son of Capt. Wm. and Abigail B. July 13, 1802,
aged 1 y., 10 m., 11 d.
" BENJAMIN, 2d son of Capt. Wm. and Abigail B. Jan. 14, 1805,
aged 3 y., 3 m., 9 d.
" MARY, dau. of Capt. Wm. and Abigail B. Oct. 15, 1808, aged
14 y.
" WILLIAM, grandson of Capt. Wm. and Abigail B. June 13,
1834, aged 9 y.
" MARY, wife of Wm. and dau. of Capt. Thos. Wooldridge.
Aug. 24, 1829, aged 32.
" DEBORAH. June 28, 1852, aged 86 y., 9 m.
57
HAMSON, HENRY. Sept. 8, 1828, aged 75.
" HANNAH, wife of Henry. Apr. 17, 1853, aged 93.
" SALLY, dau. of Henry and Hannah. May 7, 1855, aged 68 y.,
7 m.
HARDING, Mrs. MARY. July 5, 1836, aged 60.
HARRIS, MARY, wife of Capt. John. Jan. 23, 1791, aged 58 y., 6 m.
" JAMES, sou of Capt. John and Mary. May 8, 1788, 21st year.
" JANE, wife, of William. Feb. 6, 1800, aged 65 y., 7 m.
" ELEANOR, wife of John. July 31, 1803, aged 18 y., 9 in., 6 d.
with other names on tombstone, nearly obliterated.
" ROBERT. Dec. 24, 1815, aged 39 y., 4 m.
" HANNAH, wid. of Robert. Aug. 31, 1858, aged 74 y., 5 m.
" ELLEN G., dau. of Robert and Hannah. June 3, 1807, aged 3y.
" ROBERT, son of " " " May 25, 1835, aged 29.
" BEXJAMIX P., son of Robert and Hannah. Nov. 20, 1837,
aged 25.
" EDWARD B., b. Feb. 24, 1808; d. Apr. 12, 1872.
HASKELL. MARK. Aug. 28, 1811, aged 84.
" RUTH, wid. of Mark. Nov. 8, 1814, aged 83.
" PHILIP, son of Mark and Ruth. Aug. 23, 1783, aged 21.
" Capt. WILLIAM, son of Mark and Ruth. Jan. 1, 1798, aged
24 y., 11 m.
" GRACE BUBIER, dau. of Capt. Thomas and Mary. Sept. 2, 1791,
aged 10 m.
" MARY, dau. of Capt. Thomas and Mary. July 17, 1795, aged
10 m.
" MICHAEL, son of Capt. Thomas and Mary. Mar. 22, 1819,
aged 13.
" RUTH, dau. of Capt. Thomas and Mary. May 22, 1823, aged
19 y., 3 m.
" . Capt. MICHAEL. Oct. 22, 1818, aged 63.
HAWKES, BEXJAMIX, Sr. Apr. 16, 1772, aged 42.
" BENJAMIN, son of Capt. Benj. and Mehitable. June 12, 1791,
6 wks.
" BENJAMIN, son of Capt. Benj. and Mehitable. Oct. 4, 1794,
aged 22 m.
" MARY, wife of James and dau. of Capt. Philip and Jane
Bridgeo. Aug. 31, 1831, aged 25.
HAWKINS, ABIGAIL, wife of John. Apr. 20, 1751, aged 82.
" MARGARET. May 3, 1761, 60th y.
HAWLEY, RICHARD. Oct. 1, 1G98, 63d y.
" WILLIAM, son of Richard and Mary. Dec. 6, 1741, aged 21.
HAYDEN, WILLIAM. July 23, 1803, aged 82.
" HANNAH, wife of William. Nov. 3, 1782, aged 56.
58
HILL, SALLY, wife of Robert. Sept. 28, 1862, aged 58.
HILLS, Dr. BENJAMIN. Jan. 2, 1737, aged 29.
HINE, JOHN. July 21, 1804, aged 72.
" MARY, wife of John. Oct. 18, 1785, aged 53.
" SARAH, " " " Mar. 29, 1804, aged 60.
HITCHINGS, MARTHA, wife of Amos. Nov. 30, 1785, aged 42 y., 3 m.
9d.
" Mrs. MIRIAM, dau. of John and Charity Phillips. Dec. 16,
1788, aged 31.
HITER, Capt. SAMUEL. Apr. 9, 1822, aged 58.
HOLLAND, LYDIA. Nov. 2, 1801, aged 91.
HOLMAN, SAMUEL. Sept. 14, 1737, aged 65.
HOLYOKE, ELIZABETH, wife of Rev'd Edward, born Feb. 4, 1691-2, m.
Aug. 8, 1717, d. Aug. 15, 1719.
HOMAN, JOHN, Jr. Mar. 21, 1727, aged 27.
" JOSEPH. Dec. 3, 1789, aged 80
" SARAH, wife of Joseph. Apr. 20, 1783, aged 73.
" JOSEPH, son " " and Sarah. Feb. 28, 1759, aged 21.
" THOMAS. Jan. 17, 1832, aged 75.
" TABITHA, wife of Thomas. Mar. 11, 1837, aged 73.
" POLLY, dau. " " and Tabitha. Feb. 23, 1800, aged 10.
" TABITHA, l ' " " " " Aug. 24, 1812, aged 25.
" HANNAH, " " " " " Feb. 2, 1818, aged 38.
" SARAH. Oct. 6, 1845, aged 84.
" JOHN, son of Sarah. Aug. 31, 1859, aged 74.
" SARAH GLOVER, dau. of Wm. and Sarah. Feb. 2, 1840, aged
9 m.
" JONAS D. (mon.) 1845.
" Capt. WILLIAM. Nov. 19, 1853, aged 50.
" WILLIAM AUGUSTUS. Oct. 3, 1854, aged 25.
" MARY GLOVER, wife of John and dau. of Peter and Hannah G.
Dixey. July 20, 1852, aged 31.
" EDWARD. July 20, 1857, aged 72 y., 10 m.
" MARY, wife of Edward. Feb. 20, 1861, aged 76 y., 4 m., 23 d.
" JOSEPH, son of " and Mary. Dec. 23, 1858, aged 35 y.,
4 m.
" EDWARD, RUTH and ELIZABETH, ch. of Edward and Mary, d. in
infancy.
" MARY, wife of Joseph. June 14, 1859, aged 30.
" MARY PITMAN, wife of John. Aug. 5, 1869, aged 80 y., 11 m.
HOOPER, RUTH, wife of Robert, Jr. July 23, 1732, aged 20.
" BENJAMIN, only child of Benj. and Susanna. May 6, 1796, aged
10 y., 8 m.
" Capt. ASA. Nov. 20, 1836, aged 69 y., 4 m.
59
HOOPER, DELIVERANCE, wife of Capt. Asa. 'Sept. 12, 1839, aged 69 y.,
6 m,
" WILLIAM. Apr. 29, 1839, aged 82.
" GRACE, wife of William. Jan. 28, 1830, aged 72.
" WILLIAM L. (mon.), at sea in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
HUBBARD. Rev. EBENEZER. Oct. 15, 1800, aged 42.
" MARY, dau. of Ebenezer. Mar. 2, 1797, aged 2.
" HANNAH, dau. of Ebenezer. Jan. 15, 1801, aged 12.
" BENJAMIN, son of " May 5, 1802, aged 5.
HUBKRT, PHILIP. Nov. 19, 1714, aged 14 y., 3 m., 11 d.
HULIN, ELIAS. Aug. 2, 1809, aged 75.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Elias. June 24, 1815, aged 70.
" SARAH, wife of Archibald S. July 27, 1805, aged 32.
HUMPHREY, WILLIAM. Apr. 10, 1811, aged 27.
" SARAH, wid. of Richard. Dec. 13, 1822, aged 81.
" RUTH, dau. of " and Sarah. May 20, 1824, aged 55 y.,
11 m.
" JOHN. Feb. 6, 1848, aged 63 y., 8 m.
" ELIZABETH, wife of John and dau. of Capt. John and Sarah
Dolliber. Aug. k 24, 1827, aged 25 y., 8 m.
" CAROLINE ELIZABETH, dau. of John and Elizabeth. Sept. 16,
1826, aged 3 m.
" EDWARD BEECHER, son of John and Hannah D. Oct. 23, 1843,
aged 13 m., 16 d.
HYAM, CAROLINE AUGUSTA, ) Sept. 6, 1849, aged 11 m.
" HARRIET SUSAN. ) Oct. 11, 1852, aged 4 y.
twin ch. of Robert and Mary, also 3 ch., d. in infancy.
" BETSEY. Nov. 7, 1852, aged 81.
INGALLS, ELEAZER. Feb. 27, 1717-18, aged 56.
" MARY GIRDLEH, dan. of Eleazer. Dec., 1711, aged abt. 23.
" ELIZABETH. May, 1812, aged 50.
" JOHN, son of Elizabeth. June 26, 1827, aged 38 y., 4 m.
" a dau. of John. July 2, 1812, aged 2 wks.
" RUTHY FREEMAN, dau. of Wm. and Margaret. July 26, 1797,
aged 3 w., 1 d.
" THOMAS. July 2, 1816, aged 55.
IRESON, HANNAH, wife of Robert. Sept. 28, 1804, aged 33.
" ROBERT, son of Robert and Hannah. Jan. 6, 1796, aged 3 y.,
7 m.
" WILLIAM, son of Robert and Hannah. Dec. 13, 1796, aged 1
y., 3 m., also 2 infants of Robert and Hannah.
" BENJAMIN F., son of Benj. S. and Tamison. Jan. 10, 1852,
aged 1 y., 11 m.
60
JACKSON, MARY, wife of t)r. George. Feb. 2b, 17[]1, aged 75.
JAMES, Mr. ERASMUS, (footstone).
" SARAH ( " " )
" DELIVERANCE, dau. of Benj. and Deliverance. Dec. 2, 1699,
aged 1 y., 4 m.
" Capt. AMBROSE. Nov. 1, 1747, aged 37 y., 4 m. 11 d.
" TABITHA, wife of Ambrose. May 2, 1787, aged 48.
" ELIZABETH, wid. of Capt. T. P. Mar. 1, 1842, aged 58.
JAYNE, SUSANNA, wife of Peter. Aug. 8, 1776, aged 44.
JILLINGS, TABITHA, wid. of Thomas and formerly wife of Jona." Glover.
Mar. 7, 1785, aged 76.
JONES, WILLIAM. Oct. 17, 1730, 36th y.
KIMBALL, MARY, wife of Capt. Edmund. May 15, 1826, aged 33.
KING, PETER. July 30, 1726, aged 70.
" LYDIA, dau. of Capt. Thos. and Betsy. Aug. 18, 1770, aged
2 y., 4 m.
KNAPP, AARON B. (mon.), lost at sea. 1842.
KNIGHT, WILLIAM. Aug. 27, 1799, aged 77 y., 6 m.
" MARY, wife of William. May 17, 1784, aged 57.
" EGBERT. Apr. 3, 1807, aged 62.
" ELIZABETH, wid. of Robert. May 18, 1825, aged 80.
" WILLIAM, son " " and Elizabeth. Sept. 18, 1820, aged
49.
" RUTH, wid. of William. Dec. 25, 1815, aged 73.
" RUTH, dau. " " and Ruth. June 1, 1806, aged 13 y ,
6m., 27 d.
f " GEORGE, Jr., lost at sea. May 12, 1821, aged 33 y., 7 m.
I " MARY, wife of George, Jr. Mar. 10, 1836, aged 45 y., 5 m.
" SAMUEL. Mar. 28, 1835, 69 y., 7 m.
" AMMEY, wife of Samuel. May 12, 1809, 43d y.
" MARY, dau. " " and Ammey. Aug. 28, 1795, aged 18 m.
6d.
" AMMEY B., dan. of Samuel and Ammey. June 6, 1805, aged 17.
" MARY, " " " " " Nov. 18, 1824, aged 20.
" SAMUEL, son " " " " Aug. 27, 1823, 33d y.
" RUTH, wife of Samuel. Oct. 8, 1829, aged 51.
" FRANKLIN. Oct. 21, 1839, aged 33.
" BENJAMIN. Dec. 27, 1843, aged 76.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Benjamin. Dec. 27, 1841, aged 69.
LASKEY, JAMKS. Mar. 31, 1806, aged 73.
" WILLIAM (mon.), lost at sea. 1842.
61
LATIMORE, CHRISTOPHER. Oct. 5, 1690, abt. 70.
LATIMEK, MARY, wife of Christopher (the most ancient stone in the
ground). May 8, 1681, aged 49.
LECRAW, HANNAH, wife of David P. and dau. of Capt. Asa and
Deliverance Hooper. Nov. 24, 1830, aged 27 y., 10 m.
LEE, Capt. SEWARD, born Manchester, May 21, 1725, d. Jan. 12, 1755,
aged 30 y., 7 m., 22 d. leaving a wife and five ch.
LEE, JOSIAH, son of Seward and Ruth, aud husband of Sarah Lee.
Jan. 24, 1779, aged 30.
LEFAVOUR, LYDIA, wife of John. Apr. 2, 1793, aged 37 y., 10 m. ; also
their ch. Lydia, John, Thomas and Mary, d. in infancy.
LKFAVOUR, WILLIAM E., son of Win. C. and SaJly J. Apr. 5, 1850, aged
7 m., 23 d.
LEGG, JOHN, Esq. Oct. 8, 1718, aged 73.
LEGUOW, ALICE. Sept. 6., 1827, aged 82.
LEWIS, SUSANNA, wife of Thomas, merchant. June 17, 1766, aged 22.
LINDSEY, Capt. NATHANIEL. Aug. 20, 1798, aged 52 y., 5 m., 25 d.
" SALLY, dau. of Capt. Nathl. and Sarah. Nov. 14, 1818, aged 21.
" Miss SARAH. June 14, 1821, aged 49 y., 4 m.
" Capt. JOSEPH. May 18, 1826, aged 57.
LORD, BENJAMIN. Mar. 11, 1803, aged 58.
"> WILLIAM, d. at Martiuico. Oct., 1803, aged 18.
MALCOLM, MARY, wife of Alex'r, and only dau. of John and Hannah
Heed. Apr. 4, 1762, aged 32 y., 4 m.
MARTIN, ELEANOR, wife of Thomas. July 4, 1759, aged 76.
" JOHN GRISTE, son of John G. and Mary. Feb. 6, 1801, aged 6 m.
" EEBECCA HOMAX, wife of Elbridge G. and dau. of Peter and
Hannah G. Dixey. July 15, 1852, aged 36.
t MEI.ZARD, Capt. NICHOLAS. June 6, 1799, aged 46.
( " also, NICHOLAS and MARY, d. insane.
MELZEARD, JOHN FRANCIS, sou of John and Sally. Feb. 16, 1855, aged
3y., 8 m., 20 d.
MEIUTT, SAMUEL. Feb. 25, 1712-13, aged 24.
MERRITT, MARY, wife of Capt. Thomas. Aug. 7, 1824, aged 27.
" HANNAH R., dau. " " and Mary. Nov. 25, 1824, aged
14m.
MESSERVY, ELIZABETH HAILS, adopted dau. of Capt. Philip H. and
Lydia. May 15, 1842, aged 13 y., 7 m.
MICKLEFIELD, WM. PAXMAN WASHINGTON, son of William and Hannah,
b. Feb. 22, 1811; d. Oct. 6, 1813.
MILLET, PHILIPS, (mon.), lost at sea. 1831.
" JOHN (mon.), lost at sea. 1832.
62
MILLIE, Mrs. PATIENCE. Oct. 29, 1824, aged 70.
MORSE, JOSEPH. Feb. 8, 1803, aged 23 y., 5 m.
" REBECCA, wife of Abraham. Jan. 14, 1837, aged 72.
MUGFORD, Capt. JAMES. Jan. 12, 1778, aged 57.
" LYDIA, wid. of Capt. James. Aug. 20, 1809, aged 78.
" MARY, dau. of " " and Lydia. Sept. 12, 1760, aged
1 y., 3 vvks.
MULLET [ ] CUNNINGHAM, dau. of Thomas and Mary, b. Jan. 10,
1748; d. Aug. 2, 1770.
NANCE, GRACE, wife of Joseph. July 26, 1791, aged 28.
NECK, WILLIAM. Mar. 14, 1722-3, 42d y.
NEWMARCH, SUSANNA, wife of Joseph. Feb. 4, 1717, 34th y.
NICHOLSON, SAMUEL. July 12, 1724, aged 53.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Samuel. Sept. 19, 1728, aged 20 y., 11 m.,
16 d.
" SAMUEL, son of Samuel and Lydia. Apr. 17, 1758, aged 19.
" MARY, dau. of William and Hannah. Nov. 4, 1784, aged 16.
" MARY, wife of John. Nov. 11, 1784, aged 73 y., 9 m.
" RUTH, wid. of Capt. Thomas. Apr. 24, 1789, aged 44.
NOWLAND, HANNAH, wife of Andrew. Jan. 6, 1793, aged 21.
" HANNAH, dau. of Andrew and Hannah. Sept. 13, 1793, aged 1.
" BENJAMIN (mou.), lost at sea. 1838.
NURSE, MARGARET, dau. of Benj. and Margaret. Aug. 24, 1778, aged
14 m., 7 d.
NUTTING, JOHN. Dec. 4, 1811, aged 63.
" JOHN (also on mon.). June 21, 1844, aged 55.
" MARY KNIGHT, dau. of Wm. and Mary. Sept. 21, 1848, aged 22.
OAKES, SAMUEL, son of George and Abigail. May 25, 1795, 27th yr.
OLIVER, JAMES (mon.). 1844.
ORNE, JOHN, son of Joshua and Elizabeth. Dec. 11, 1722, aged abt.
14 m.
" BENJAMIN, son of Joshua and Elizabeth. Aug. 23, 1724, aged
17 d.
JOSHUA. Nov. 22, 1772, aged 64.
" SARAH, wife of Joshua, Jr. Oct. 17, 1743, aged 37.
" ANNIS, wife of Joshua, Esq. July 14, 1771, aged 61.
" [ ] son of Joshua and Aunis. [ ] 7, 1785, aged 37.
This stone partially stops the entrance of a tomb, and
part of the inscription is hidden by another stone. The
Salem Gazette mentions the decease of Joshua Orne of
Marblehead, who d. June 27, 1785, and notice of admin,
istration on his estate by his widow Mary.
63
ORNE, MARY, wife of Joshua. June 30, 1778, aged 66.
" JOSHUA, Esq. July 16, 1758, aged 87.
" [ ] wife of Joshua, Esq. Oct. 16, 1753, aged 66.
" SUSANNA, wife of Joshua. May 6, 1777, aged 28 yrs., 4 m.
" JOSHUA, 4th son of Joshua and Susanna, b. Dec. 1, 1771 ; d.
June 2, 1772.
" JONATHAN. Mar. 26, 1803, aged 58 yrs., 3 d.
" JONATHAN, sou of Jona and Priscilla. Feb. 9, 1804, aged 34
yrs., 5 m., 9 d.
" Miss ABIGAIL. Jan. 12, 1810, aged 60.
PARKER, Capt. DAVID. July 20, 1736, 50th yr.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Samuel and former wife of John Carder.
Mar. 26, 1757, aged 52.
PATTIN, Capt. JOHN. July 29, 1798, aged 45 yrs., 5 m.
" Mrs. ELIZABETH. Feb. 12, 1827, aged 73.
PEACH, WILLIAM. June 16, 1715, aged 63 yrs., 2 m. 8 d.
" WILLIAM. May 10, 1735, aged 51 yrs., 7 m.
" SARAH, wife of William. Oct. 13, 1752, aged 65 yrs., 7 m., 13 d.
" THOMAS. Sept. 9, 1731, aged 50.
" DEBORAH, wife of William. Sept. 17, 1802, aged 29.
PEACHEY, MOSES (mon.), lost in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
PEARCE, JOHN. Apr. 24, 1800, aged 24 yrs., 8 m.
PEDRICK, MARY, wife of Thomas and only dau. of Thomas and Sarah
Peach. Oct. 17, 1762, aged 23.
" EMME, wife of Capt. Thomas and dau. of John and Mary
Nicholson. Aug. 8, 1790, aged 49.
" MARY PATTIN, wid. of Capt. Thomas. Feb. 7, 1850, aged 72.
" MARY, wife of Richard and dau. of Capt. John and Mary Bar-
tol. Apr. 4, 1768, aged 21 yrs., 10 m.
" JOSKPH. Jan. 1, 1770, aged 66.
" BENJAMIN (mon.). 1844.
f PERREY, HANNAH G., dau. of Geo. and Mary. Nov. 24, 1799, aged 2.
( " ELIZABETH " " " aged 7 m.
PHILLIPS, Mrs. CHARITY. May 14, 1777, 49th yr.
" CORNELIUS, son of John and Charity. Apr. 15, 1767, aged 4 m.
" JOHN, sou of John and Charity. Mar. 4, 1776, aged 6 yrs., 8 m.
" HANNAH, dau. of John and Charity. Mar. 24, 1789, 28th yr.
" DELIVERANCE, wife of Ichabod. Feb. 13, 1828, aged 32 yrs., 3m-
" NATHANIEL, son of Ichabod and Deliverance. Nov. 4, 1821,
aged 4.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Ichabod and Deliverance. Nov. 12, 1821,
aged 19 m.
" JOSEPH (mon.). 1844.
64
PICKKTT, MOSES ALLEN. Mar. 31, 1853, aged 73.
" ANES, wid. of M. A. Jau. 23, 1833, aged 81.
PITMAN, BENJAMIN, sou of Benj. and Sarah, lost at sea. Sept. 1, 1815,
aged 22 yrs., lira.
' BENJAMIN, son of Benj. and Sarah, drowned. Apr. 5, 1827,
aged 29 yrs., 9 m.
PORTER, JANE, wife of Ebenezer. Nov. 4, 1804, 26th yr.
POTTER, MARY, dau. of Capt. Benj. and Ruth of Lynn. Dec. 8, 1737,
aged 13.
POWER, JOHN, son of John and Mary. Aug. 29, 1799, aged 24 d.
" MARY, dau. of " " " Aug. 29, 1800, aged 1.
" JOHN, son of " " " July 18, 1801, aged 7 m., 8 d.
" THOMAS (mon.), lost at sea. 1840.
PREBLE, NEHEMIAH. May 22, 1856, aged 81 yrs., 8 m. 7 d.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Nehemiah and dau. of Win. and Mary
Stacey. Dec. 17, 1848. aged 74 yrs., 2 in.
PRENTISS, JOSHUA, Esq. June 22, 1837, aged 92 yrs., 8 in.
" GRACE, wife of Joshua, Esq. Oct. 10, 1789, aged 45.
" RUTH, dau. of Joshua, Esq. and Grace. Sept. 30, 1780, aged
3m., 14 d.
" CHRISTOPHER, son of Joshua, Esq. and Grace. July 24, 1783,
aged 11 m., 12 d.
PRICHARD, ASA G. Aug. 29, 1851, aged G3.
PROCTER, REBECCA, wife of John, Jr. Feb. 9, 1838, aged 24.
f QUILL, ROBERT. Jan. 3, 1828, aged 84.
j " ELIZABETH. Oct. 15, 1823, aged 77.
<j ROBERT, Jr. Sept. 13, 1790, aged 16.
} " JOHN B , lost at sea. Sept., 1809, aged 25.
I ANNIS. Aug. 23, 1843, aged 57.
" DAVID. Jan. 2, 1868, aged 80 yrs., 6 m.
SALLY, wife of David. Jan. 21, 1829, aged 42 yrs., 6 m.
QUINER, LYDIA, dau. of Nathaniel and Mai'y, nearly illegible. June
29, 17[2?]8, 2 [ ] yr. of her age.
f PETER. Aug. 28, 1815, aged 63.
ELIZABETH, wife of Peter. Feb. 3, 1827, aged 85.
J " BENJAMIN, son of " and Elizabeth. Aged 18.
| " " " " " " 18 m.
( MARY, dau. of Peter & Eli/. May 19, 1796, aged 17 y., 4 m., 14d.
RAMSDELL, WINSLOW (mon.), lost at sea. 1831.
" BENJAMIN (mon.), lost at sea. 1832.
RIDDEN, TIIADDEUS. Jan. 6, 1690-1, nged [ ].
65
REDDAN, JOSEPH. May 4, 1708, aged abt. 10 m.
REDDEN, JOHN. Dec. 12, 1831, aged 63.
RKDDIN, MAKY, wife of John. May 9, 1833, aged 77.
REKD, SAMUEL. Dec. 4, 1718, aged 57 yrs. 2 m. 3 d.
" MAKY, dau. of Samuel and Mary. Jan. 14, 1712, 18th yr.
" WILLIAM (mon.). 1837.
REITH, RICHARD, Sr. Feb. 28, 1707, aged 73.
REXFOUD, SALLY, wife of Jordan. Aug 16, 1804, aged 41.
REYNOLDS, JOHN. Nov. 28, 1790, aged 68.
JUDAH, wife of John. Mar. 19, 1785, aged 62.
" WILLIAM H. Jan. 14. 1808, 59 yrs., 5 m.
RICHARDSON, FRANCIS. Dec. 2, 1727, aged 57.
" BENJAMIN A. (mon.), lost at sea. 1834.
ROBINSON. BENJAMIN. July 25, 1815, aged 43.
ROFF, REBECCA, wife of Samuel. Feb. 11, 1809, aged 47.
ROUNDY, SARAH, wife of Thomas. May 26, 1740, aged 26 yrs., 3 m. 4 d.
" Capt. SAMUEL. Mar. 18, 1806, aged 36 yrs. 5 m.
" GEORGE, son of Capt. Sam'l aud Deborah. Oct. 31, 1801, aged
15 m. 27 d.
" GEORGE, sou of Capt. Sam'l and Deborah. Dec. 8, 1804, aged
2 yrs.
" MARTHA, wife of Elijah W. Oct. 5, 1806, aged 23.
" JOSEPH. June 8, 1813, aged 43.
" MARY, wife of Joseph and wid. of late Nicholas Quiner.
Sept. 29, 1845, aged 77.
" MARY E. , dau of Sam'l R. and Mary G. Aug. 9, 1833, aged 7 ra.
" HARRIET B., dau. of Sam'l R. and Mary G. Aug. 24, 1840, aged
13 m.
" HANNAH M., dau. of Sam'l R. and Mary G. Oct. 2, 1849, aged
12 yrs. 8 m.
RUSSELL, ELIZABETH, wife of Samuel. Sept. 19, 1721, aged 69.
" SAMUEL. May 28, 1725, nged 38.
" GILES. July 23, 1753, aged 77.
' Madam ELIZABETH. Feb. 4, 1771, aged 80.
" Capt. THOMAS. Jan. 22, 1817, aged 36.
" ELIZABETH, wid. of Samuel. June 7, 1818, aged 60.
" BENJAMIN, Nov. 11, 1832, aged 52 y., 2 m.
" ELIZABETH M., wid. of Benjamin. May 15, 1855, aged 75.
" GEORGE T., nephew of Benjamin and Elizabeth M., died at
Havana, May 31, 1833, aged 24.
" ALICE G., dau. of Wilson aud Alice. Oct. 24, 1835, aged 5 m.,
7d.
c " BENJAMIN (mon.), lost at sea. Nov., 1840, aged 28.
( " WILLIAM R. " " " Nov., 1840, aged 19.
(6)
66
RUSSELL, JOHN. Mar. 26, 1869, aged 68 y., 7 ra.
" DEBORAH A., wife of John. Aug. 15, 1865, aged 65 y., 4 m.,
15 d.
" MARY A., dan. of John and Deborah A. Mar. 28, 1824, aged
2 m.
" DEBORAH A., dan. of John and Deborah A. Nov. 29, 1833,
aged 7 y.
" JOHN, son of John and Deborah A. Dec. 11, 1833, aged 2 y.
" FIIANCIS, "" " " " " Sept. 11, 1844, aged 2 y.
" SARAH M., wife of Ezekiel. Oct. 1, 1841, aged 33 y.
SALKINS, THOMAS F. Sept. 3, 1808, aged 56.
" MARY, dau. of Thos. F. and Mary. Feb. 21, 1779, aged 2 w.
" GEORGE, sou" " " " " June 20, 1787, aged 6 m.,
2 w.
" infant of Thos. F. and Mary, still born. June 20, 1789.
" NATHANIEL, son of Thos. F. and Mary. Apr. 28, 1791, aged
6 m.
" MARY P., dau. of Thos. F. and Mary. Aug. 19, 1812, aged 18.
" THOMAS, sou " " " " " Jau. 3, 1816, aged 34
y., 10 m.
SALTER, Capt. JOHN, of Portland. Aug. 28, 1849, aged 78.
" SALLY, wife of Capt. John. Feb. 14, 1799, aged 25 y., 9 m.
" KEBECCA (on stone of Robert Quill and others). Feb., 1838,
aged 68.
" JANE, wife of Benjamin. Mar. 21, 1847, aged 65 y., 10 ra.
" BENJAMIN O., son of Benj. and Jane. Nov. 26, 1856, aged
51 y., 4 m.
SANDE, ELIZABETH, dau. of William and Jehanah. Nov. 12, 1711, aged
8 ra., 15 d.
SEAL, WILLIAM, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Mar. 26, 1797, 31st y.
SEAWARD, JOANNA, wife of John. May 17, 1737, aged 74.
SEGERS, MARY GRANT, adopted dau. of Amos and Lois Grant. June
1, 1806, aged 13 y , 6 m., 27 d.
SELMAN, JOSEPH. Nov. 18, 1761, aged 40.
" PATIENCE, wife of Joseph. July 22, 1768, 72d yr.
" ARCHIBALD. Mar. 17, 1778, aged 63 y., 6 m., 17 d.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Archibald. July 11, 1759, aged 38 y.
" MARY, wid. of Archibald. Nov. 28, 1801, aged 78 y., 1 m., 12 d.
" BENJAMIN, son of Archibald and Hannah. May 17, 1802,
aged 2 y., 1 m., 28 d.
" EUNICE, wife of Samuel. Feb. 13, 1792, aged 57 y., 4 m.
" Capt. JOHN. May 30, 1817, aged 73.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of John and Deborah. Sept. 1, 1768, agtd 2.
67
SELMAN. DEBORAH, dau. of John and Deborah. Sept. 13, 1768, aged
3 wks.
" JOHN B. Oct. 29, 1814, aged 37.
" Capt. FUANCIS. Aug. 3, 1849, aged 68.
" ESTHER, wife of Capt Francis. Apr. 2, 1866, aged 79.
SINCLAIR, ARCHIBALD. Sept. 2, 1879, aged 90 y., 1 m., lid.
" REBECCA, wife of Archibald. Aug. 5, 1853, aged 67 y., 9 m.,
23d.
SKINNER, RICHAKD. Mar. 9, 1726-7, aged Gl.
SMITH, JOEL. June 11, 1781, aged 48.
" SARAH, wife of Joel. Apr. 23, 1769, aged 32 y., 5 m.
" RUTH, dau. of Joel and Sarah. Sept. 14, 1769, aged 5 m.,
21 d.
" JEREMIAH, at Port au Prince. Sept., 1818, aged 38.
" NANCY, wife of Jeremiah. Oct., 1809 aged 36.
" JOHN, son of Jeremiah and Nancy, lost at sea. Sept., 1825,
aged 20.
" HANNAH W., wife of Jeremiah F. Aug. 13, 1831, aged 15 y.,
12 d.
" JANE, wife of Jeremiah F. Nov. 26, 1854, aged 48 y., 1 m.
" infant son of Jeremiah F. and Hannah W. Aug. 13,
1831.
" a son of Jeremiah F. and Hannah W. Mar. 22, 1842,
aged 2 y., 12 d.
SNOW, SAMUEL (mon.), at sea. 1831.
STACEY, JOHN. Mar. 23, 1704-5, aged 56. .
" Mrs. AGNES. June 19, 1715, aged 60.
" Capt. JOHN. Oct. 19, 1722, aged 48.
" TABITHA, wife of William. Feb. 22, 1721-2, aged 39.
" Capt. BENJAMIN. Oct. 7, 1776, aged 52.
" WILLIAM. May 8, 1794, aged 54.
" MARY, wid. of William. Dec. 26, 1826, aged 81 y., 8 m.
" OSMAN C. (mon.), lost in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
STANDLEY, MARGARET, wife of Sans. Sept. 13, 1804, aged 73 y.,8 m..
14 d.
" THOMAS. Sept. 22, 1809, aged 37 y., 10 m.
" SALLY, wife of Thomas. Nov. 22, 1814, aged 41 y., 2 m.
STANLEY, SANS, son of Sans and Mary. Oct. 9, 1727, aged 8 m.
STEVENS, ELIZABETH, wife of Capt. Richard. Mar. 9, 1766, age.l 38
y., 9 m.
" RICHARD, son of Capt. Richard and Elizabeth. July 18, 1756,
aged 4 m., 18 d.
" , a child of Capt. Richard and Elizabeth, b. and d. June
10, 1757.
68
STEVENS, RICHARD, son of Capt. llichard and Elizabeth. July 18,
1758, aged 1 y., 11 m.
" MARGARET, dau. of Capt. Richard and Elizabeth. Oct. 21,
1759, aged 1 m.
" HANNAH, dau. of Capt. Richard and Elizabeth. May 12,
1764, aged 4 y., 4 m., 12 d.
" LYDIA, wife of Richard and dau. of Capt. James and Lydia
Mugford. Oct. 23, 1784, aged 21 y., 2 m.
" also a son, aged 15 m.
" FRANCIS (mon.), lost in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
STEVENSON, Capt. DAVID. Aug. 7, 1806, aged 53.
" SARAH, wife of Capt. David. Apr. 23, 1838, aged 79.
" MARY, dau. of Capt. David and Sarah. Sept. 13, 1797, aged 8.
" NANCY," " " " " " Dec. 17, 1806, aged 22.
" Capt. JOHN, son " " " " at sea. Aug. 31, 1819,
aged 32.
STONE, ABRAHAM F. May 28, 1814, aged 28 y., 1 m., 19 d.
" ABRAHAM, son of Abraham F. Oct. 6, 1814, aged 14 m., 9 d.
STORY, Rev. ISAAC. Oct. 23, 1816, aged 67.
" REBECCA, wife of Rev. Isaac. Apr. 24, 1823, aged 74.
" ISAAC, son of Rev. Isaac and Rebecca. July 19, 1803, aged 29.
" JOANNA [dau. of Rev. Isaac and Rebecca]. Apr. 7, 1872,
aged 79.
" WILLIAM. June 20, 1853, aged 77.
STRIKER, HANNAH, wife of Joseph. Feb. 26, 1758, aged 25 y., 4 m.,
19 d.
" HANNAH, dau. of Joseph and Hannah. Dec. 10, 1757, aged
4m., 14 d.
" Mrs. MIRIAM. Sept. 4, 1784, aged 82.
SWAN, ROBERT. Sept. 16, 1747, aged 48 y., 5 m.
" ROBERT, son of Robert and Elizabeth. Mar. 16, 1748, aged
6y., 6 m.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Robert and Elizabeth. May 18, 1848,
aged 4.
' THOMAS. Aged 45.
' ELIZABETH, wife of Thomas. Nov. 20, 1791, aged 70.
' ELIZABETH, dau. of Capt. John P. and Elizabeth. July 5,
( " 1806, aged 19. Also an infant.
SWETT, tomb.
SYMONDS, ELIZABETH J. CRUFF, wife of George R. Mar. 3, 1870,
aged 61 y., 5 m.
TAWLEY, JOHN, son of John and Isabella. Sept. 22, 1736, aged 8 y.,
8 m., 22 d.
69
TAWLEY, THOMAS, son of John and Isabella. Sept. 14, 1737, aged 12
y., 9 m.
TEDDER, ELIZABETH, wife of Valentine and dau. of Samuel and Sarah
Dodd. Oct. 4, 17C9, aged 33.
" JANE, wife of Valentine. June 14, 1781, aged 45 y., 3 m.
TEWKSBURY, JAMES, at sea. Sept. 15, 1812, aged 55.
" NANCY, wife of James. Jan. 27, 1835, aged 70.
THOMPSON, JOHN, son of John and Margaret. Dec. 6, 1796, aged 21
y., 1 m.
" WILLIAM. Dec. 6, 1841, aged 84.
" ANNA, wife of William. Apr. 7, 1836, aged 77.
TRAILL, Capt. JOHN. Sept 25, 1808, aged 53 y., 6 m.
" MARY, wid. of Capt. John. Dec. 22, 1830, aged 72.
TREFRY, THOMAS (mon.), at sea. 1845.
" JOHN (mon.), in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
" EDWARD F. (mon.), lost in gale of Sept. 19, 1846.
TREVETT, KEBECCA, dau. of Russell and Susanna. July 22, 1747, aged
22m., 8 d.
TUCKER, NICHOLAS. Feb. 3, 1716-17, aged 47.
" NICHOLAS. Dec. 19, 1801, aged 56.
" NICHOLAS, Jr. (mon.), at sea. 1848.
" NELLY, wife of John and second dau. of Capt. David and
Sarah Stevenson. Jan. 7, 1811, aged 30.
" GEORGE, Jr. July 21, 1823, aged 52 y., 3 in.
TWISDEN, SAMUEL. Oct. 5, 1743, aged 67.
VALENTINE, ANDREW, b. May 14, 1788; d. Nov. 14, 1822.
" HANNAH, wife of Andrew, b. Feb. 27, 1792; d. May 21, 1871.
' ANDREW, son of Andrew and Hannah, b. Oct. 28, 1817, d. at
sea, 1836.
" HANNAH KNIGHT, dau. of Andrew and Hannah, b. Dec. 28,
1819; d. Nov. 7, 1822.
VICKERY, THOMAS E. (mon.), at sea. 1836.
WAIT, JACOB. Jan. 11, 1826, aged 76.
" ABIGAIL, wife of Jacob. Oct. 11, 1831, aged 75.
" ABIGAIL COFFIN, dau. of Jacob and Abigail. Sept., 1849,
aged 72.
" JOHN. Oct. 19, 1803, aged 50 y., 1 m.
" SARAH, wife of John. June 20, 1802, aged 47 y., 5 m.
" MARY A., dau. of John and Sarah. Mar. 22, 1806, aged 2 y.,
5 m.
WALDRON, SAMUEL. Dec. 8, 1691, aged 34.
70
WALDRON, DELIVERANCE, wife of John. Mar. 16, 1720, aged 52.
" THOMAS, son of John Dec. 20, 1713, aged 19 m.
" SAMUEL, " " " May 10, 1728, aged 22 d.
WARNER, ELIZABETH, dau. of James and Elizabeth. June 9, 1797,
aged 4 y., 4 m.
WATERS, ELIZABETH, wife of William. Feb. 10, 1698-9, aged 35.
WENDELL, THOMAS. Jan. 10, 1772, aged 27 y., 7 m.
WHITE, SAPIUEL. Sept. 7, 1722, aged 52.
WHITWELL, Rev. WILLIAM. Nov. 8, 1781, aged 44.
" PRUDENCE, wife of Rev. William. Feb. 7, 1773, aged 33.
WILLIAMS, Dea. WILLIAM. Mar. 5, 1787, aged 65.
" MARY, wid. of Dea. William. Apr. 3, 1813, aged 87.
" MARY, dau. " " " May 1, 1841, aged 77.
" Miss NANCY. Feb. 22, 1864, aged 96 y., 6 m.
WOODFIN, RACHEL, wife of Moses and dau. of Thomas and Sally
Morse, Jan. 26, 1824, aged 20 y., 9 m., 10 d.
WOODS, JOHN. May 22, 1711, aged about 45.
WOOLDRIDGE, BENJAMIN, lost at sea. Sept., 1800, aged 31.
" (written Wotderige) REBECCA, wife of Benj. Mar. 27, 1800,
aged 32 y., 5 m.
" WILLIAM, son of Benj. and Rebecca, at sea. Nov. 10, 1821,
aged 24.
" BENJAMIN, son of Benj. Nov. 26, 1852, aged 58 y., 6 m.
" Capt. THOMAS. Aug. 20, 1809, aged 44 y., 25 d.
" THOMAS, son of Capt. Thomas and Mary. Sept. 29, 1811,
aged 24 y., 3 m.
" SAMUEL G., son of Capt. Thos. and Mary, at sea. Aug. 1825,
aged 34.
WYMAN, JOHN P. Jan. 23, 1818, aged 43.
[ ] LYDIA, dau. of Nath'l and Mary. Jan. 29, 1728, 2 [ ] of her
THE NORTHEND FAMILY.
EZEKIEL NORTHENI>, the first of the name and family in this country,
settled in Rowley, Massachusetts, a few years after its first settlement
by Rev. Ezekiel Rogers and his associates in 1639. Mr. Rogers, with
about twenty of the families of his company, came from Rowley, in
the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, and the place was named after
their old home.
Rowley in England is a parish comprising G,450 acres of land, sub-
divided into the so-called townships of Rowley, Bentley, Huusley,
Weeton Parva, Riplingham and Risby, and extending from the Bor-
ough of Beverley southwesterly about seven miles toward the river
Humber. Its population in 1840 was 451. Beverley Borough is sub-
divided into St. Martin, St. Mary, and St. Nicholas parishes, and had
a population in 1840 of 7,432.
It appears from a letter of Anthony Northend, a brother of Ezekiel,
in the possession of Dr. Edward R. Cogswell of Cambridge, a lineal
descendant of the first Ezekiel Northend, a copy of which is hereafter
given, and from other evidence furnished by Mr. Samuel T. Lythe of
Walkington, Yorkshire, and by Mr. Joseph Northend now of Meadville,
Pa., formerly of Bradford in Yorkshire, to both of whom I am under
great obligations for information, that some of the near relatives of
Ezekiel Northend lived in Rowley and Beverley iu England.
In the letter referred to, Jeremiah Northend is mentioned as a cousin
and an heir to property, and Christopher Northend is referred to as a
grandchild of the brother of Ezokiel. Mr. Lythe forwarded me a certifi-
cate of Rev. Henry C. Hildyard, Rector of Rowley, that, "Mr. Jeremiah
Northend went out with the Rev. Ezekiel Rogers to New England in
the year 1C38, he being twelve years of age, he remained nine years
and returned and was buried at Rowley, April 14, 1702;" also that
"Anthony Northend of Little Weeton was buried at Rowley on the
12th day of April, 1698."
Mr. Lythe also copied the following inscription from a marble tablet
in St. Mary's Church, Beverley, '"Here lyeth the body of Christopher
(71)
72
Northend, Gentleman and Alderman of this Town. He departed this
life Jany. 10th, A. D. 1730, in the 71st year of his age. He was ye
only son of John Northend of Huusley in the County of York, Gentle-
man."
In the early records relating to Rowley reference is made to Jeremiah
Northend, who came over as a servant to William Bellingham, and
Ezekiel Northend makes mention of him as his cousin. He was the
person mentioned in the Rev. Mr. Hildyard's certificate. Anthony
Northend, whose death is also certified to, was undoubtedly the writer
of the letter, and Christopher Northend buried at St. Mary's Church is
the grandson referred to in Anthony's letter. In the history of Bev-
erley it appears that Christopher Northend, Attorney, was Mayor of
Beverley in 1714 and 1719.
Mr. Lythe further states that the family in the past were large land
owners, that they possessed all Weeton Parva and Hunsley, and
owned land in Riplingham, Rowley and Cottingham, and that they
were lords of the Manor of Weeton Parva and Hunsley.
Mr. John M. Bradbury, in the October number, 1873, of the " New
England Historical and Genealogical Register," page 189, states that
John Northend and Edward Northend were witnesses to the will of
William Wiglesworth of Shipden, parish of Halifax, Yorkshire, which
will is dated October 16, 1590. These are the only references I have
to the family name in England, and I give them in the hope that they
may be of use to any person who may wish hereafter to ascertain more
of the family history there. The letter of Anthony Northend before
referred to is directed,
"ffor his louinge kind Brother EzekieU Northend att Rowley in New
England," and is as follows r
Louinge Brother: After my loue remembed vnto you; I was at
Bentley that day yoe letter came to my sister Stoute hande which was
very welcome news to us both to hear that you &your wife my Sisters
& their husbands were alive with all your Children, which are a great
family (Blessed be God for it). It is our happiness that we cannot be
severed from the Lorde wherever we be, if our sinnes make not a sep-
aration. God is the God of one land and of another, & can be an all-
sufficient portion to his people in all places. Good Brother let us
labour to be found in Christ & to be clothed with his righteousnesse
that soe we may appear before him in glory (that if God's providence
soe order it) that we neuer meet in this world we may meet before
him when we shall neuer be seperated more ; my Brother John & his
eldest sonne John are dead about thirteene years agoe, my sister Jane
Northend with her two sonnes Nathaniel & Richard & her daughter
ffrances with her gran'child Christopher Northend my nephew John's
73
sonne desire to be remembered to you these * are my Brother
Johns whole family and are all unmarried, my brothe William Stoute
& my sister Joana Stoute have three children one sonne William and
two daughters Elizabeth & Mary, my vnckle Northend and his sonnes
are all dead, only my cousen Jeremiah marled & not living,
my cousen Jeremiah hath now gotten my unckle Northends whole
estate in lauds & is sole heir thereunto, he had a very good wife &
a sonne John by name which are both dead & he is newly married
againe, he told me he would write two or three lines to you I must
breake of, we are in health att present, my sister Jane Northend &
hers, my Brother & sister Stoute & theirs, my cousen Jeremiah Nor-
thend & his two sisters, my cousen Nickolas Johnson & his sister Jane
Thorpe desire remembered to you, remember vs to all our
frends with you I must leave you. the Lord keepe you.
farewell. yor truly louiug Brother
Beuerley y ay } ANTHONY NORTHEND
1678 5
my sister Joana & I desire you to let vs
hear from you when opportunity will perraitt
I am very lame with wounds that I haue
formerly gotten in the warre that I can
scarcely write, but I must wait till my
healing come which will not be in this life.
my sister Northend & her children
live all at Hunsley.
the lord fit vs for our
departure hence. Vale.
Anthony Northend was probably a soldier in Cromwell's army.
Among the first settlers of Stamford, Conn., I find the name of John
Northend, but it does not appear that he left any descendants.
SALEM, January, 1874. W. D. NORTHEND.
FIRST GENERATION.
EZEKIEL NORTHEND, of Rowley, born probably in Hunsley or
Weeton Parva, in Rowley, Yorkshire, in England, 1622; married
Edna, widow of Richard Bailey, whose maiden name was Halstead,
at Rowley, December 1, 1648. She was born probably in Halifax
Parish, West Riding, of Yorkshire He died at Rowley, September 7,
1698 ; she d. February 3, 1706. In 1677 he owned four freeholds, and
in 1691 paid the highest tax in Rowley, 10, at which time he is styled
* Space like this torn out.
74
corporal. He was a prominent man in the town, on many com-
mittees, and was Selectman in 16G2, 16G9, and 1691, and probably
other years, of which the record is lost. He gave to each of his
daughters from one hundred to one hundred and fifty acres of land
upon their marriage. His will is dated February 8th, 1698, in which
he appoints his wife Edna executrix, and disposes of his property as
follows :
"Item : To my Well Beloved Wife I ffreely Bestow vpon her for her
Comfort During her naturall Life the Improvment of my whole estate
both Eeall and Personall onely what I before promised to my son
Ezekiel upon his marriage.
Item to my onely son Ezekiell I ffreely Conflrme to him one halfe of
my housing & Lands and medclows which I promised to him vpon his
marriage, also a parcell of Land liing being Situate within the
Bounds of Rowley Towne near Dunkin Stewards house, that whole
parcell of Land bee it more or Less (on both sides the Hye way to
Bradford) the sd Land will more fully appeare by the Towne Records :
the above sd Lands to my son Ezekiell to bee in his actuall possesion
at the present. The Remainder of my Housing & Lands & priveledges
that I have before appointed my Wife to have the Improvment of
During her Naturall Life together with whatsoever personall estate I
have left in the hands of Edna my wife for her Comfortable supply
whiles shee lives, I ffreely Will & Give vuto my sou Ezekiel after my
Wifes Decease to bee immediately in his possesion & Dispose for ever
onely paying to his Three Sisters Edna Sticknee Elisabeth Gage &
Sarah Hale to them or their Heires each Sixty pounds in Currant pay
or fforty pounds to each of them in money within six years after the
Decease of Edna my Wife : which of the abovesd sums whether
money or pay my son Ezekiell shall see good to pay
It. to my Three Daughters Edna Sticknee : Elisabeth Gage & Sarah
Hale I have before paid to them Two Hundred pounds to each of them
this with what I have above appointed my son Ezekiel to pay is their
full prportion of my estate."
Children :
EDXA, b. July 1, 1649. See second generation.
ELISABETH, b. Sept. 17, 1651; d. in infancy.
ELISABETH, b. Oct. 19, 1656. See second generation.
JOHN, b. Jan. 18, 1658; probably d. young.
SARAH, b. Jan. 3, 1661. See second generation.
EZEKIEL, b. Nov. 8, 1666. See second generation.
75
SECOND GENE K ATI ON.
EDNA NORTHEND, b. July 1, 1G49 ; in. first, Thomas Lambert, son
of Francis and Jane Lambert, original settlers of Rowley, Nov. 4,
1669; he d. Sept. 13, 1685, and she m. second, Andrew Stickney, son
of William and Elisabeth Stickney, original settlers of Eowley, Jan.
22, 1689; she d. Feb. 7, 1722; he d. April 29, 1727.
Children :
MARY LAMBERT, b. Feb. 6, 1670; d. April 19, 1G87.
REBECCA LAMBERT, d. in infancy, March 12, 1677.
NATHAN LAMBERT, b. Feb. 28, 1675; d. Nov. 7, 1680.
THOMAS LAMBERT, b. April 8, 1678; m. Sarah Hammond, Dec. 19,
1699 ; was Town Clerk of Rowley thirty-five years, Rep. Gen. Court,
1726 and 1743, and Justice of the Peace.
NATHAN LAMBERT, b. Dec. 7, 1681 ; d. Aug., 1693.
JANE LAMBERT, b. Sept. 10, 1685 ; ra. Mark Prime, Feb. 10, 1702.
ANDREW STICKNEY, baptized Nov. 26, 1693; d. May 27, 1694.
AMOS STICKNEY, bap. Jan. 2, 1698. "This was ye first child that
was baptised in ye new meeting house." d. Feb. 4, 1698.
ELISABETH NORTHENU, b. Oct. 19, 1656 ; m. first, Humphrey Hobson,
son of William and Anne (Reyuer) Hobson, original settlers of Row-
ley, July 25, 1682 ; he d. Aug. 8, 1684, and she m. second, Thomas Gage,
son of John Gage, who first settled at Ipswich, and removed to Row-
ley in 1664; she d. July 14, 1737.
Children :
HUMPHREY HOBSON, b. July 10, 1684; m. Mehitable Payson, June
26, 1712. Their son Humphrey was deacon of the First Church nine-
teen years, Town Clerk of Rowley eighteen years, Rep. Gen. Court
nine years, and Justice of the Peace.
ELISABETH GAGE, b. March 17, 1699, m. Edward Sanders, Dec. 18,
1716.
SARAH NORTHEND, b. Jan. 3, 1661 ; m. Thomas Hale of Newbury
(neck), May 16, 1682; she d. April 11, 1730. He was b. Feb. 11, 1658,
and was son of Thomas and Mary (Hutchiuson) Hale, original settlers
of Newbury. He afterwards removed to Rowley. He was captain of
a militia company, and Justice of the Peace.
Children :
THOMAS, b. March 9, 1683. MARY, b. April 28, 1687.
EDNA, b. Nov. 21, 1684. EZEKIEL, b. May 13, 1689.
76
NATHAN, b. June 2, 1691. DANIEL, b. Feb. 22, 1697.
SAKAH, b. March 9, 1693. HANNAII, b. June 7, 1699.
EBENEZER, b. April 21, 1695. JOSHUA, b. March 17. 1701.
EZEKIEL NORTHEND, b. Nov. 8, 1666; m. Dorothy Sewall,
youngest daughter of Henry and Jane (Dumrner) Sewall, early set-
tlers of Newbury, Sept. 10, 1691. In Essex Registry of Deeds, B. 13,
L. 290, is record of deed of about one hundred acres of land in New-
bury Neck from Henry Sewall to Ezekiel Northend and Dorothy
Sewall, dated July 25, 1691, commencing as follows :
"Know all men by these presents that I, Henry Sewall, of New-
b'ury, in ye County of Essex in New England, ffor and in considera-
tion of ye natural affection that I beai'e and have to my youngest
daughter, Dorothy Sewall, and more especially for and in considera-
tion of ye intended marriage shortly to be consummated betwixt Eze-
kiel Northend of Rowley and my said daughter, do hereby give, grant
and convey to said Ezekiel Northend and Dorothy his intended wife,"
etc.
She was b. Oct. 29, 1668; he d. Dec. 23, 1732; she d. June 17, 1752.
He was Rep. Gen. Court 1715, 1716, 1717, Chairman of Board of
Selectmen many years, and captain of a militia company. In his life-
time he conveyed a farm to each of his sons, and the remainder of his
estate was divided between his children after his decease.
Children :
JOHN, b. Oct. 10, 1692. See third generation.
EDNA, b. Jan. 10, 1694. See third generation.
EZEKIEL, b. Jan. 25, 1696. See third generation.
JANE, b. March 17, 1699 ; m. Eliphalet Payson, son of Rev. Edward
Payson, the fourth minister of Rowley, May 13, 1722 ; d. Nov. 25, 1722.
No children.
DOROTHY, b. March 20, 1701. Sec third generation.
HANNAH, b. Jan. 31, 1703 ; m. Nathaniel Bradstreet of Ipswich, Apr.
19, 1727.
MEIIITABLE, b. March 2, 1705 ; m. Samuel Dutch of Ipswich, May 24,
1737.
SAMUEL, b. Jan. 12, 1707. See third generation.
ELISABETH, b. Dec. 15, 1710; m. Jacob Jewett, Dec. 21, 1732; d.
Sept. 17, 1741. No children.
77
THIRD GENERATION.
JOHN NORTHEND, born Oct. 10, 1692; married Dec. 1, 1720, Bethiah
Boynton, widow of John Boynton and dau. of Samuel Platts, an early
settler of Rowley, who was Town Clerk nineteen years, and Rep. Gen.
Court 1681, and 1693. She was b. March 15, 1689; he died March 24,
1768; she died June 12, 1767. He was an influential member of the
First Church, was Rep. Gen. Court 1740 and 1751, captain of the first
foot company of Rowley, and many years Selectman ; was probably
ensign in expedition against Louisburg, 1745.
Children :
SARAH, b. Nov. 24, 1721 ; m. Thomas Mighill, grandson of Thomas
Mighill, one of the original settlers of Rowley, Nov. 13, 1750. He
was deacon of first church in Rowley thirty-eight years, Rep. Gen.
Court from 1783 to 1703 inclusive, Selectman, and Captain in the ser-
vice in the Revolutionary war. He was b. 1722 ; d. August 26, 1B07 ;
she d. June 1, 1778.
JANE, b. April 13, 1724; m. Nathaniel Gage, grandson of John
Gage, May 9, 1751.
SAMUEL, b. March 11, 1727; d. June 15, 1749.
EDNA NOKTHEXD, b. Jan. 10, 1694; m. Francis Pickard, grandson
of John Pickard, one of the first settlers of Rowley, Nov. 25, 1714.
He was b. Sept. 23, 1689 ; he d. Sept. 12, 1778 ; she d. August 30, 1769.
He was deacon of First Church in Rowley forty years, and selectman
several years.
Children :
FRANCIS, b. Feb. 6, 1725; d. March 11, 1816, unmarried.
EDNA, b. Dec. 26, 1728.
DOROTHY, b. Oct. 5, 1730.
EZEKIEL NORTHEND, b. Jan. 25, 1696 ; ra. Elisabeth Payson, dau. of
Rev. Edward Payson, fourth minister of Rowley, March 30, 1726.
She was b. Feb. 5, 1697, and d. May 9, 1787; he d. Oct. 18, 1742.
Children:
STEPHEN* d. in infancy, May 16, 1727.
HANNAH, b. July 29, 1728-; m. Thomas Mighill, Nov. 26, 1747; d.
Sept. 25, 1748. No children. He afterwards married Sarah, dau. of
John Northend. See ante.
SEVVALL, d. in infancy, Sept. 13, 1730.
EDWARD, d. young, Sept. 19, 1732.
MARY, d. young, June 21, 1737.
SARAH, b. Nov. 19, 1738; m. Dr. Nathaniel Cogswell, of Rowley,
March 26, 1761. See appendix.
78
DOUOTHY NORTHEND, b. March 20, 1701 ; in. Thomas Lancaster, of
Ipswich, Jan. 8, 1730. She cl. June 23, 1752; he d. Dec. 30,1792,
aged about ninety. He was Rep. to Gen. Court from Rowley twelve
years, and selectman.
Children :
PAUL, b. May 22, 173:..
DOROTHY, b. Nov. 1. 1737.
LYDIA, b. June 29, 1740.
THOMAS, b. Jan. 24, 1743. H. C., 17G4, minister at Scarborough, Me.
SAMUEL NORTHEND, b. Jan. 12, 1707; m., first, Mary Boynton,
dau. of John and Bethiah (Platts) Boynton, Dec. 3, 1730; she d. June 1,
1751, aged forty-two, and he m. second, June 2, 1752, Susannah Scott,
dau. of Samuel and Elisabeth (Bailey) Scott, and great granddaughter
of Benjamin Scott, one of the early settlers of Rowley. He resided
in the part of Rowley included in Byfleld Parish. Mr. Cleaveland, in
appendix to his centennial address at Dummer Academy, referred to
him as " long a pillar of the church and the parish." He was on im-
portant committees of the town, was selectman several years, and
lieutenant of a militia company.
Children :
MOSES, b. Jan. 21, 1732; d. Aug. 15, 1736.
JOHN, b. April 13, 1734; d. Aug. 22, 173G.
DOROTHY, b. Aug. 21, 1735; m. William Dummer of Newbnry, June
2, 17C1; d. Nov. 23, 1808.
EZEKIEL, bap. June 8, 1739; d. young.
MARY, b. July 26, 1740; m. Deacon Joseph Hale of Newbury, Nov.
19, 1765; d. Oct. 8, 1830. Their children were MARY, who m. Rev.
Elijah Parish, D. D , of Byfleld, Dea. DANIEL HALE, who m. Ruth
Searlc, and JOSEPH HALE, who m. Eunice Chute.
MKIIITADLE, b. Sept. 28, 1743; d. Nov. 28, 1751.
ELISABKTH, b. Dec. 19, 1746; m. Jacob Jewett, H. U., 1769, Nov.
19, 1771 ; d. July 29, 1773. No children.
SUSANNAH, b. Aug. 16, 1753; m. Joshua Pickard, May 10, 1787; he
d. March 10, 1814; she d. Oct. 15, 1821. Their dau., Hannah Pickard,
m. John Scott, Esq., D. C., 1810, b. in Rowley, but practised law at
Newburyport, Aug. 9, 1815; she d. June 18, 1861, aged seventy-two.
EZEKIKL, b. May 1, 1755; d. Sept. 15, 1757.
SAMUEL, bap. July 10, 1757. See fourth generation.
HANNAH, b. Feb. 3, 1760; m. Richard Dummer, 1785. They removed
to Hallo well, Me. She d. 1830.
MEIIITABLE, bap. May 27, 1764.
79
FOURTH GENERATION.
SAMUEL NORTHEND, bap. July 10, 1757. He m. Sarah, dan. of
Henry and Sarah (Emery) Adams, June 2, 1780. She was a descend-
ant from Robert and Eleanor Adams, first settlers of Newbury.* He
d. Dec. 30, 1824; she d. April, 1839. *
Children :
ELISABETH, b. April 1, 1781; m. John Kent; d. Sept. 28, 1856; had
one daughter, Caroline, b. Oct. 29, 1809, who m. Thomas Merrill.
SAMUEL, b. 1783; d. 1802.
JOHN, b. May 1&, 1785. See fifth generation.
FIFTH GENERATION.
JOHN NORTHEND, of Newbury, b. May 18, 1785, m. first, Anna
Titcomb, dau. of Caleb and Judith (Bricket) Titcomb. She was a
descendant from William and Joanna (Bartlett) Titcomb, early set-
tlers of Newbury. She d. February 7, 1848-. aged 58 ; he m. second,
widow Ruhamah Stevens, Nov. 20, 1856. He d. March 20, 1865. He
was Rep. to Gen. Court from Newbnry in 1833, and selectman from
1828 to 1833 inclusive.
Children :
MARY ANN, b. Sept. 8, 1809. See sixth generation.
SAMUEL, b. Apr. 5, 1811. See sixth generation.
JOHN, b. Nov. 8, 1812; d. Aug. 24, 1835.
CHAHLES, b. April 2, 1814. See sixth generation.
GEORGE HENRY, b. Dec. 1, 1815; d. Nov. 29, 1835.
CALEB TITCOMB, b. May 28, 1817; d. Jan 21, 1837.
SARAH ADAMS, b. Feb. 7, 1819. See sixth generation.
JUDITH MARIA, b. May 13, 1821; m. William Forbes, Jan. 12, 1870;
d. June 28, 1873. No children.
WILLIAM DUMMEU, b. Feb. 26, 1823. See sixth generation.
ENOCH TITCOMB, b. May 18, 1824. See sixth generation.
ANN ELISABETH, b. Feb. 24, 1830: d. Sept. 15, 1830.
SIXTH GENERATION.
MARY ANN NORTHEND, b. Sept. 8, 1809; m. Moses Tenney, of New-
bury, April 6, 1831. They now live at Georgetown. He was a mem-
ber of the Mass. Senate, and Treasurer of the State five years.
Children :
*l8t, Robert aud Eleanor Ailams, 2d, Abraham and Mary (Pettcngell) -.-fdams,
3d, Capt. Abraham and Anne (Longfellow') Adams, 4th, Henry and Sarah (Emery)
Adam*.
ANN ELISABETH, b. Jan. 21, 1832. See seventh generation.
MOSES EDWARD, b. Oct. 1, 1833; d. April 24, 1837.
HANNAH MARIA, b. Nov. 20, 1835; d. Aug. 17, 1852.
SAUAH NORTHEXD, b. April 5, 1840. See seventh generation.
CHARLES WILLIAM, b. April 4, 1844. See seventh generation.
SAMUEL NORTHEND, of Newbury, b. April 5, 1811; m. first, Harriet
A. Perley, of Winthrop. Me., Sept. 6, 1838; she d. March, 1840, aged
twenty-six; he ra. second, Mary Currier, of Newburyport, Nov. 26,
1841; she d. 1869.
Children :
GEORGE HENRY, b. June 15, 1839; killed in battle before Richmond,
Va., June 11, 1864.
WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Feb., 1843.
HARRIET, b June 15, 1845.
Axx ELISABETH, b. Sept. 7, 1846; in. John Edmunds, Haverhill.
THOMAS EDWARD, b. Jan. 3, 1850; d. May 11, 1854.
SUSAX BKOWN, b. Oct. 19, 1851 ; d. Feb. 22, 1864.
EDWARD TENNEY, b. Feb. 1, 1856.
MARY ELLEN T , b. May 23, 1858.
CHARLES NoRTiiEXDof New Britain, Conn., b. April 2, 1814, m. Lucy
Ann Moody, descendant from William and Mehitable (Sewall) Moody,
early settlers of Newbury, Aug. 18, 1834. He entered Amherst Coll.,
but did not finish the course. Received from that Coll. hon. degree of
A. M., in 1848. Teacher, and author of "Teacher and Parent," and
other educational works.
Children :
JOHN, b. Oct. 28, 1835.
CHARLES AUGUSTUS, b. May 3, 1841. See seventh generation.
DAVID PAGE, b. Sept. 9, 1846; d. Sept. 18, 1855.
SARAH ADAMS NORTHEND, b. Feb. 7, 1819; m. Aaron Fuller Clark
of Peabody, Oct. 22, 1844. He was b. in Francistown, N. H., April 7,
1816, and was son of Daniel and Irene (Fisher) Clark. Was select-
man of Peabody several years.
Children :
GEORGE HEXRY, b. May 18, 1850. See seventh generation.
WILLIAM NORTHEXD, b. July 10, 1854.
WILLIAM DUMMER NORTHEXD, of Salem, b. Feb. 26, 1823; Bowd.
Coll., 1843; m. Susan Stedman Harrod, dau. of Benjamin and Mary
Ann (Wheelwright) Harrod, of Newburyport, Nov. 2, 1846. She was
81
b. March 27, 1827. He was a member of Massachusetts Senate in
1861 and 1862.
Children :
LOUISA HUNTINGTON, b. Feb. 22, 1848. See seventh generation.
MAHY HARROD, b. May 10, 1850.
SUSAN STEDMAN, b. June' 18, 1852.
WILLIAM WHEELWRIGHT, b. May 30, 1857.
ENOCH TITCOMB NORTHEND, of Newburyport, b. May 18, 1824; m.
first, Maria Jane Carey, of Newbury, Oct. 15, 1853; she d. Aug. 2G,
1869 ; he m. second, Emily Jane Buntin, of Newburyport, dau. of
Capt. John and Mary (Burke) Buntin, June 14, 1871.
Children :
MARIA TENNEY, b. July 3, 1853 ; d. July 5, 1853.
ANNA TITCOMB, b. May 12, 1858; d. Dec. 3, 1871.
JENNIE CAIIEY, b. Oct. 29, 1860; d. Oct. 9, 1871.
GERTRUDE HOWE, b. Aug. 25, 1S62.
ALICE MARIA, b. Nov. 14, 1865.
SEVENTH GENERATION.
ANNA ELISABETH TENNEY, b. Jan. 21, 1832; m. Joseph Searle
Moody, of Newbury, Oct. 15, 1856; she d. Feb. 7, 1864; he d. May
30, 1864.
Children :
MARIA TENNEY, b. Oct. 29, 1857.
MARY SEARLE, b. May 3, 1859.
ANNA COFFIN, b. Nov. 5, 1860.
CARRIE STEVENS, b. Dec. 22, 1864 ; d. Feb. 28, 1865-.
SARAH NORTHEND TENNEY, b. April 5, 1840; m. Rev. Henry Augus-
tus Stevens; Amh. Coll., 1857; now of North Bridgewater, Oct. 23,
1861.
Children :
CHARLES TENNEY, b. Dec. 6, 1866.
HENUY HOUGHTON, b. July 28, 1869.
ARTHUR LAWRENCE, b. Oct. 3, 1871.
CHARLES WILLIAM TENNEY, of Georgetown, b. April 4, 1844; m.
Sarah Lambert DeBacon, of Chelsea, Jan. 16, 1868.
Children :
WILLIAM NORTHEXD, b. Feb. 17, 1869.
HARRIET DEBACOX, b. Sept. 25, 1870.
FRED, b. Nov. 26, 1871.
82
CHARLES AUGUSTUS NORTHEND, of New Britain, Conn., b. May 3,
1841; m. Martha M. Giddings, Dec. 5, 1864; she d., Oct. 22, 1873.
Child :
HENRY HAVEN, b. Nov. 13, 1866.
GEORGE HENRY CLARK, of Peabody, b. May 18, 1850 ; m. Carrie
Bell Larrabee.
Child :
HARRY LINCOLN, b. Oct. 25, 1873.
LOUISA HUNTINGTON NORTHEND, b. Feb. 22, 1848; m. Charles
Alfred Benjamin, of Salem, Nov. 15, 1870. He is son of Rev. Nathan
and Mary Gladding (Wheeler) Benjamin, and b. Nov. 4, 1843. Rev.
Nathan Benjamin grad. Williams College, 1831, was missionary to
Turkey, and died at Constantinople in 1855.
Child :
CHARLES SEYMOUR, b. Aug. 31, 1872.
APPENDIX.
FOURTH GENERATION.
SARAH NORTHEND, b. Nov. 19, 1738, m. Dr. Nathaniel Cogswell, a
native of Ipswich, March 26, 1761; he d. May 25, 1822; she d. March
8, 1773.
Children :
NORTHEXD, b. Jan. 11, 1762. See fifth generation.
SARAH, b. June 5, 1763 ; m. Oliver Appieton, Dec. 19, 1790.
ELISABETH, b. Aug. 25, 1764; m. Joseph Knight, Apr. 14, 1787.
NATHANIEL, b. Aug. 8, 1765 ; d. Sept. 8, 1765.
NATHANIEL, b. Sept. 28, 1766; d. Oct. 9, 1766.
HANNAH, b. Nov. 6, 1767 ; m. Wm. Eustis, Nov. 2, 1809.
WADE, b. June 20, 1769; m. d. Feb. 16, 1855.
ABIGAIL, b. Oct. 19, 1770; m. Isaac Smith, Dec. 6, 1789.
DOROTHT, b. Dec. 14, 1771 ; d. 1773.
FIFTH GENERATION.
NORTHEND COGSWELL, b. Jan. 11, 1762; m. Elisabeth Lambert, of
Rowley, Nov. 1, 1794; removed to South Berwick, Maine, where his
wife died; he d. in Rowley, Feb. 12, 1837.
Children :
ELISABETH, b. Aug. 25, 1795; m. Charles E. Norton, May, 1827; d.
Jan. 7, 1832.
CHARLES NORTHEND, b. Apr. 24, 1797. See sixth generation.
MARY ANN, b. March 29, 1801 ; m. Charles E. Norton, April 13, 1823;
d. Aug. 24, 1825.
WILLIAM LAMBERT, b. Aug. 17, 1803 : m. Sophia (Potter) Manning,
June 2, 1840.
FREDERIC, b. Dec. 5, 1806 ; m. Elizabeth Russ, Jan. 6, 1858 ; d. May
3, 1870.
DOROTHY MARIA, b. Dec. 2, 1808 ; d. Oct. 5, 1826.
SARAH LOUISA, b. March 9, 1813; m. Rev. Dexter Potter, May 15,
1845; d. July 22, 1860.
SIXTH GENERATION,
Hon. CHARLES NORTHEND COGSWELL, b. April 24, 1797; Bowd. Coll.,
1814; m. first, Elizabeth W. Hill, Aug. 25, 1824; m. second, Margaret
Elisabeth Russell, Nov. 20, 1839. Was a prominent member of the
(83)
84
bar in Maine, and member of Maine Senate; d. In South Berwick,
Oct. 11, 1843.
Children :
EDWARD RUSSELL, b. June 1, 1841. See seventh generation.
CHARLES NORTHEND, b. March 23, 1843; d. Sept. 1, 1844.
SEVENTH GENERATION.
EDWARD BUSSELL COGSWELL, b. South Berwick, June 1, 1841, now
of Cambridge, Mass.; H. C., 1864, M. D., 1867; m. Oct. 5, 1864,
Sarah Parks Proctor.
Children :
CHARLES NORTHEND, b. July 11, 1865.
GEORGE PROCTOR, b. Jan. 19, 1867.
MARGARET ELISABETH, b. Feb. 14, 1869.
ARTHUR LAMBERT, b. Aug. 6, 1870 ; d. Sept. 23, 1870.
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE.
VOL. XII. APRIL, 1874. No. 2.
THE JOURNAL 1 OF THE REV. JOHN CLEAVELAND,
EDITED BY HIS GRANDSON,
NEHEMIAH CLE4VELAND.
PREFATORY NOTICE.
JOHN CLEAVELAND, the author of the following "Jour-
nal," was a native of Canterbury, Conn., being the son
of Josiah, who was the son of Josiah, who was the sou of
Moses Cleaveland of Woburn, Mass., first of the name
in America. John had nearly completed his course in
Yale College, and his brother Ebenezer had just entered,
when they were arraigned before the Faculty for having,
while at home, attended, with their parents, a ''separatist"
meeting that is, a meeting of persons who, being dis-
satisfied with the regular minister of the place, had set
up a separate worship. As they could not see and would
not confess that there was any crime in this, these young
^his Journal and the letters to his wife were written in the year
1758, while he was serving as chaplain of a provincial regiment in
the array of General Abercrorabie.
85 (7)
86
men of unquestioned virtue and piety were sent off with
as little ceremony and compunction as if they had been
hardened reprobates. This tyrannical act, and the expul-
sion from Yale College of the afterwards renowned David
Brainard, about the same time and for a trivial offence,
caused much talk throughout the country, and awakened
not only sympathy, but indignation. John and Ebenezer
Cleaveland had been long settled in the ministry, before
the college came to its senses, and gave them their
degrees. These facts have still a historic interest, not
only as indicating the tone and temper of the times, but
as having directly prompted the establishment of the
college of New Jersey, which, only two years later, was
begun at Elizabethtown, and was afterwards fixed at
Princeton. Aaron Burr, its accomplished first president,
and Eleazer Wheelock, who, some twenty-five years later,
founded Dartmouth College, were both warm friends of
the reform which began with the preaching of Whitefield.
John Cleaveland became an ardent and zealous preacher,
and was soon invited to settle in Boston, 2 but chose
2 The Boston Society, whose call he declined, was afterwards known
as the Eleventh Congregational Church. It had been formed under
the excitement of the Whitefleld awakening. Its house of worship
was a small brick building in School street, built in 1704 by the
French Huguenots. There Pierre Daille and Le Mercier had preached
to the Faneuils, Baudouins, Boutineaus, Sigourneys and Johonnots.
The "New Light" society soon settled a Mr. Cress well, who con-
tinued its pastor until he died, in 1785. The building, from that time
until its removal in 1802, was occupied by the Roman Catholics.
From a social and worldly point of view the Boston invitation must
have been far more attractive than the Chebacco call. But he had
found in that plain community of farmers and fishermen one magnet
of superior power. I have no doubt that it was the bright and
comely Mary Dodge, known later in these papers as his " dear and
loving spouse," who virtually determined the question, where he
should stay. That the young minister was not without earnest com-
petitors for her hand is still shown by documentary evidence.
87
rather the small Ipswich congregation, which gave him a
call at the same time. This society had then just seceded
from the old parish of Chebacco. He was in the eleventh
year of a faithful and useful ministry when he received
his commission from Governor Powuall. His Journal
and letters abundantly show with what fidelity he dis-
charged the trust.
In 1759 he went in the same capacity and with the
same colonel to Louisburg. His journal kept during the
voyage to Cape Breton, and the sojourn at Louisburg, is
well preserved. We have also the sea chest which accom-
panied him in that expedition still strong and good. 3
During the next sixteen years, many of which were
years of colonial complaint, and of earnest controversy
with England, Mr. Cleaveland was distinguished by his
zeal for the rights of the colonies, and by his patriotic
utterances both of tongue and pen. After Lexington it
was the most natural thing in the world that he should
be found in that indignant host which gathered around
Boston to shut i^ and to drive out Thomas Gage. There,
again, he met in the service of their country his brother
Ebenezer and his brother Aaron, the latter still, as at
Lake George, one of Israel Putnam's officers. There,
too, were all four of his own sons. 4 His quarters were
3 This chest, containing many papers and relics of the Rev. John
Cleaveland, has been placed for perpetual safe keeping in the care of
the Essex Institute in Salem.
4 These were, JOHN, who enlisted for the war and became a Lieu-
tenant afterwards an exemplary Christian minister, settled first at
Stoneham and then at North Wrentham, where he died, childless,
aged sixty-eight years. PARKER, a physician in Byfield, served as
regimental surgeon at Cambridge, returned to Byfleld, where he died,
aged seventy-four, leaving an honored name, and sons to bear it on.
EBENKZKR, who took to the sea, where he died, leaving a young wife
and infant son. NEHEMIAH, who became a physician, lived in Tops-
field, and ended there, in his seventy-seventh year, a life of distin-
88
in one of the college buildings the old structure is
standing yet and he was waited on by his youngest
boy, a tall stripling of sixteen years. If during this short
service as chaplain he kept a diary, as is altogether likely,
it has not come down to us. A few letters of that ex-
citing time alone remain. 6
In the autumn of 1776 he again served fora short time
as chaplain of an Essex County Regiment, commanded
by his parishioner and friend, Col. Cogswell. He joined
the army just after it had been driven from Long and
Manhattan Islands, and his journals of the time enable
us to accompany him in all his travel, camp-life, march-
ing, etc.
After this, his last campaign, he lived twenty-three
years, ministering to his affectionate little flock, not only
in holy things, but in every good word and work. He
died in 1799 ^on the seventy-seventh return of his birth-
day.
The following description, which I believe to be sub-
stantially correct, is from the "Amerifian Biographical
Dictionary :"
"Mr. Cleaveland had blue eyes and a florid complexion,
guished usefulness. He left four sons and two daughters. John and
Mary C. had also three daughters. MARY, who married Jonathan
Proctor, and died in Hopkinton, N. H., leaving sons and daughters,
among whom was Deacon John C. Proctor, of Boston. ELISABETH,
who m. Abraham Channell, and had a daughter. ABIGAIL, who m.
Joseph Cogswell and died in Derry, N. H., leaving a large family.
The late Gen. Amos Pilsbury, of Albany, N. Y., at one time uperin-
tfcndent of the New York City Police, and long distinguished by rare
ability and skill in the management of prisons and penitentiaries,
was her grandson.
5 One valued relic which has come to us from that memorable time
is an autograph invitation to dine with George Washington. We
have also the rude buck- horn-handled sword which the brave chaplain
wore in all his campaigns.
89
was nearly six feet high, erect and muscular. His voice
was heavy and of great compass, and his gestures were
appropriate. In preaching he was not confined to written
sermons. He was a man of strong constitution and ar-
dent temperament. An earnest spirit, an unpolished
energy, and a sincerity which none could question, char-
acterized him in the pulpit. His familiarity with the
scriptures was proverbial. His general learning was
respectable. His writings, though often forcible and
fervent, could lay no claim to elegance. He was not
afraid of controversy, and more than once ventured into
the camps of polemic, as well as those of national war.
In his disputes with Dr. Mayhew and others, ponderous
pamphlets appeared on both sides."
To me, the image of this brave, whole-souled ancestor
has ever been an object of pleasing contemplation. The
vivid impression made in boyhood, when I used to hear
my father talk of his father, has only been heightened by
what I have since learned of him from other sources. An
earnest and honest man, conscientious, faithful, and affec-
tionate, acting and speaking always under a high sense of
duty, and throwing his whole heart into everything that
he said and did. He was zealous, but with a zeal not
untempered by discretion. The Lake George and the
Louisburg narratives abundantly show that he knew how
to mingle on terms the most friendly, with men whose
habits of life and thought had always been very different
from his own. It is impossible to doubt that the British
nobleman, the English colonel, and even the Church of
England clergyman, with whom he then and there came
in contact, fully appreciated and readily acknowledged
the solid worth of this poor, but brave, Yankee, Puritan,
Congregational minister.
The neatly written and well kept document by which
Mr. Cleaveland was commissioned runs as follows :
90
THOMAS POWNALL, Esquire, Captain General
[SEAL.] and Governour in Chief in and over his
Majesty's Province in Massachusetts Bay,
in New England, Vice Admiral of the
same, etc.
To JOHN CLEVLAND, M. A. Greeting. Eeposing
especial tr.ust and confidence in your Loyalty, Piety and
Learning, I do by these presents Constitute and appoint
you, the said John Clevland, to be Chaplain of a Regi-
ment of Foot commanded by Colonel Jonathan Bagley,
raised by me for a general invasion of Canada.
You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge
the duty of a Chaplain to the said Regiment, in all things
appertaining thereunto, Observing such orders and in-
structions as you shall from time to time receive from
your Colonel or any other your superiour officer, for
which this shall be your warrant.
Given under my hand and seal at Arms at Boston the
13th day of March, 1758, in the thirty-first year of his
Majesty's reign. T. POWNALL. 6
By his Excellency's command,
A. OLIVER, Sec.
6 Gov. Pownall's administration, though short (1757-1760), was
highly judicious and successful. At its close, he exchanged places
with Sir Francis Bernard and went to New Jersey as Lieutenant Gov-
ernor. Then, for a short time, he was governor of South Carolina.
In 1768 he became a member of Parliament, and, during the long con-
test with the colonies, he was an unflinching defender and advocate
of the American cause. In the works of John Adams lie is mentioned
in terms of high approval. Mr. Adams, during his residence in Paris
and in London, saw Pownall often. He died (1805) at the age of
eighty-three, having lived to see those colonies, whose character and
rights he so well understood and so ably asserted, already become a
great and prosperous nation. When we make grateful mention of
Burke and Pitt and other stanch friends of America, during those
trying times, let us not forget the services and virtues of THOMAS
POWNALL.
91
LAKE GEORGE.
Extract from Bancroft's History, iv, 299.
"On the banks of Lake George nine thousand and
twenty-four provincials from New England, New York
and New Jersey assembled. There were the 600 New
England rangers, dressed like woodmen ; armed with a
firelock and a hatchet ; under their right arm a powder-
horn ; a leather bag for bullets at their waist ; and to
each officer a pocket compass as a guide in the forests.
There was Stark of New Hampshire now promoted to be
a captain. There was the generous, open-hearted Israel
Putnam, a Connecticut Major, leaving his good farm,
round which his own hands had helped build the walls ;
of a gentle disposition, brave, incapable of disguise, fond
of glorying, sincere and artless. There were the chap-
lains, who preached to the regiments of citizen soldiers,
a renewal of the days when Moses with the rod of GOD
in his hand sent Joshua against Amalek. 7 By the side
of the provincials rose the tents of the regular army, 6367
in number; of the whole force, ABERCEOMBIE was the
commander in chief; yet it was the gallant spirit of
HOWE that infused ardor and confidence into every
bosom."
"Fort Carillon was on the promontory near the outlet
of Lake George into Lake Champlain. Lake Champlain
was on its east, and a bay was on the south and south-
west. On the north, wet meadows obstructed access, so
that the only approach was from the northwest. On that
side, about a half-mile in frout of the fort, Montcalm
marched out his lines, which began near the meadows and
followed the sinuosities of the ground till they approached
the outlet."
7i< Journal of the Rev. John Cleaveland. Letters of Rev. J. Cleave-
land to his dear and loving wife." "I am indebted for the use of
these papers to the kindness of the Rev. Elisha L. Cleaveland of New
Haven."
92
v
On page 303 Bancroft says that Abercrombie, though
warned by Stark and others that the enemy's lines were
strong, "despised the provincials and heeded none but
'his Rehoboam counsellors'." This is quoted from Mr.
Cleaveland's Journal.
In the Journal and Letters as printed, quotation marks
distinguish all those portions which are copied with verbal
and literal exactness. These show, better than any mere
abstract could, the style of the writer, and his habits of
thought and feeling. While, in order to avoid prolixity
and repetition, other parts are more or less condensed,
no essential fact or idea has been left out.
THE JOURNAL.
The opening pages of this diary are missing. It be-
gins abruptly thus, the date being June 14 :
"me that he 8 had invited my brother E. C. 9 to go his
8 JEDEDIAH PREBLE, of Falmouth, a man of much note in his day.
In 1755 he served under Gen. Winslow in that seemingly cruel incur-
sion which resulted in the expatriation of the French inhabitants
of Acadia. This Journal makes frequent mention of him and his
regiment in 1758. In 1759 he was in the army that took Quebec, held
a command under Gen. Wolfe, was near him when he fell, and himself
received a wound. Soon after this he was made Brigadier General,
and intrusted with the command of Fort Pownall, at the mouth of
the Penobscot. In 1775 he was appointed Major General and Com-
mander-iu-chief of the Massachusetts forces, but declined the ser-
vice, as being too old. In 1784, at the age of seventy-seven, he
closed his active and honored life. Edward Preble, great commo-
dore and naval hero, was one of his twelve children.
9 EuENEZEK CLEAVELAND, already mentioned, and at this time min-
ister of Sandy Bay, now Rockport. He served as chaplain through
this campaign, and again, in 1759, he was with Gen. Amherst. And
again, in the war of the Revolution, he was a chaplain in two cam-
paigns. Then the impoverished condition of his people made it
necessary for him to seek a living elsewhere, and he preached for
93
chaplain, and wrote to Sir William Peperil 10 for a war-
rant for brother, in case Mr. Little 11 should conclude
several years at a place called Landaff, deep in the woods of New
Hampshire. He returned and died at Sandy Bay, aged seventy-nine.
His son Ebenezer was a captain in the revolution. His daughter
Mary married Prof. John Smith of Dartmouth College. One of her
daughters married Dr. Cyrus Perkins, Professor, and another married
John Bryant, a prosperous Boston merchant.
From all that I have been able to learn, Ebenezer Cleaveland fell a
good way short of his brother John, both in natural and acquired
talents. With a very large family, with very moderate means, and
many adverse circumstances, his life seems to have been one long
and hard struggle.
10 In the generally hard and homely annals of colonial New England,
the story of Sir William Pepperell has the attractive brightness of an
illuminated page. Still it is not impossible that in the present gene-
ration of our countrymen, and even among those who are familiar
with Appledore and its sister islets, there may be some who have
never heard how in 1676 a poor young Welshman settled on the bleak
and barren rock called the " Isle of Shoals," and having enriched
himself by the fisheries, built a grand house on Kittery Point; how
his son William soon rose to distinction, and in January, 1645, being
then President of his Majesty's Council, was selected and commis-
sioned by the New England governors to take command of an expe-
dition against the French fortress on Cape Breton ; and how, after
his great success, he was invited to England, re'ceived the thanks
of the government, was made a Colonel in the regular army, and
came back a baronet. Those who would like to know what sort of
man Sir William Pepperell was what he did and in what style he
lived must be referred to the interesting narrative of Usher Parsons.
If they would know how he looked they can see his portrait at Ports-
mouth, N. H., and also in the gallery of the Essex Institute in
Salem.
In consequence of the early death of his son, his name and title and
great estate went to his grandson, William Sparhawk. But the
second Sir William Pepperell happened to fall upon what, to him,
must have seemed evil times. He adhered, as was natural, to the
royal side, and so " revolution" drove him from his pleasant home,
stripped him of his lai'ge possessions, and doomed him to a long life
of exile and poverty on a foreign shore.
"The Rev. DANIEL LITTLE, of the second parish, in Wells, after-
wards Kennebunk, a learned and worthy man.
94
absolutely not to come ; heard this day that our troops
have lauded at Louisburg without any obstruction and a
rumor that the English fleet had destroyed y e French
Fleet."
"15. Thursday, last night Capt. Goodwin arrived here,
who parted with us when we parted with Col. Bagley 12
at Brookfield, and informs me y* Col. Bagley is arrived at
Greenbush with his Regiment and may be expected at
Flatbush to-day ; I want to be moving forward two or
three in both Col. Buggies 13 and Col. Nichols's 14 Regiment
after lying here but five or six days were taken sick and
left so by the Regiment ; and I fear very much y* the
small Pox will get into the army, so many of the army,
both officers and soldiers dayly going into the city.
About four o'clock this day Col. Bagley's Regiment began
12 Of our Journalist's Colonel, Jonathan Bag-ley, I regret to say that
I know nothing beyond what these pages tell, excepting that he went
in 1759, with the same regiment, to help keep Louisburg.
13 TiMOTHY RUGGLES was son of Eev. Timothy Euggles, minister of
Rochester, Mass., and Harvard graduate of 1732. He was an able
lawyer, and had secured an extensive practice, when, in 1755, he com-
manded a Mass, regiment under Gen. Wm. Johnson, and had a share
in the defeat of Baron Dieskau. In the three following campaigns
his regiment was still in service. In 1759 and 1760, he was with
Amherst as a Brig. Gen. After this he was Chief-Justice of the
common-pleas, speaker of the provincial assembly, and delegate to
the colonial congress of 1765. Being a loyalist in principle and feel-
Ing, he was made mandamus counsellor in 1774. The inevitable result
was exile and confiscation. He settled in Nova Scotia, where he died
in 1798, at the age of eighty-seven. Gen. Ruggles was a man of large
stature and commanding aspect, "his wit ready and brilliant, his mind
clear, comprehensive and penetrating; his judgment was profound
and his knowledge extensive. His abilities as a public speaker placed
him among the first of his day. As a military officer he was distin-
guished for cool bravery and excellent judgment and science in the
art of war, and no provincial officer was held in higher esteem for
those qualities." Geo. A. Ward, in "Curwen's Journal."
14 1 can give no account of Col. Nichols.
95
to come into Flat Bush. All Capt. Whipple's 15 company
arrived safe, except one, Jacob Lufkin, who they left at
Northampton or hadley, much indisposed by an unlucky
Blow upon his blind eye prayed with Three or four
companies of our Regiment this evening I was much
pleased to meet my Friends of Chebacco."
" 16. Friday, this morning attended prayers with sev-
eral companies of my Regiment this happened a sad
affair in our Regiment. Several persons, Capt. Morrow's
company, were put under guard for killing some of our
Land-lord's cattle, fresh meat being found upon y m . At-
tended prayers with several companies of our Regiment."
"17. Saturday. Attended prayers. Lieut. Col. Whit-
comb 16 was present this was y e first time this day came
on y e court martial for the Trial of those above mentioned,
and they found three guilty who were condemned to be
whipt two fifty lashes and one twenty-five, but one was
15 STEPHEN WHIPPLE commanded the fourth company of Bagley's
regiment. He lived at the " Hamlet," now Hamilton. The other
officers and the men were of Chebacco.
16 JOHN WHITCOMB, the Lieut. Col. of the Regiment to which the
Journalist belonged, was evidently an able and energetic man. From
the fact that he and the chaplain were joint occupants of the rude
hut which he built in the encampment, as well as from other circum-
stances mentioned in the narrative, we cannot doubt that their rela-
tions were intimate and friendly. He belonged to Lancaster, Mass.,
and was a staff officer iu the expedition against Crown Point in 1755.
When Mr. Cleaveland again met his former "chum, "upon the tented
field, he found him in high command. Chosen a general in February,
1775, by the Provincial Congress, he led a regiment to Cambridge
immediately after the Concord raid. He was one of the three general
officers who held the first council of war, on the 20th of April. On
the 12th of June he and Warren were chosen Maj. Generals, and on
the 19th of that mouth he was next in command to Gen. Ward. "He
was," says Frothingham, " one of the sterling, disinterested, unedu-
cated patriot officers of the early revolution, and appears to have
enjoyed to a great degree the respect and confidence of his contem-
poraries." General Whitcomb lived till 1812.
96
discharged by the Col. and the other two received but 10
lashes apiece, viz. Retire Bacon and Joseph Brown."
"Sabb. 18. this day preached to a large and attentive
Auditory A.M. from Deu. 23. 9, and P.M. from Mat. 3. 8.
Visited one sick man and prayed with him."
"19. Monday. Prayers early because of our marching
towards Scheneacdy. Settled my account with Capt. Van
B lire n which amounted to a dollar and half besides the
dollar Col. Ruggles paid for me : and then passed the
River and the whole Regiment marched and arrived safe
at night to Scheneactady and put up at Mr. Nicolas Van
Patten's, Col. Whitcomb, Dr. Rea, Capt. Giddings and I
having inarched full 19 or 20 English miles. The Doc.
and I rode on horseback having providentially found
them" (their horses) "they had been missing several Days
and been sought after to no effect. I acknowledge God
in this thing and adore him for all his goodness to me
since I've been in this campaign and pray y l he would be
with (me) and the army and the several Regiments des-
tined to German Flats. My regiment don't seem to be
well pleased with our going to that place, but would
rather have gone to Crown Point and Quebec."
"Tuesday, 20. this day tarried at Schenectady. took
some view of the Town which is very pleasantly and
compactly situated according to my judgment it is as
large as Charlestown near Boston they have a stone chh.
or meeting house the minister is a Dutchman and so are
the generality of the people The Regiment was
this evening called together for prayers, this was the
first time y i Col. Bagley has had an opportunity of at-
tending prayers since I have been with the Regiment,
who has given orders to y e captains to attend every day
while we tarry here at six o'clock in y e morning and seven
in the evening; after prayers Maj. Ingersoll came to
97
town from Albany and brings word that they had advise
there y* Major Rogers 17 had been out with a party of
fifty men somewhere [near] the Lake, and had an en-
gagement with the enemy in which he lost six men and
7 Major ROBERT ROGERS, whose name occurs often in this journal,
was born about 1730, at Dunbarton, in New Hampshire. In this ill-
conducted expedition of Abercrombie, Rogers and his Rangers were
conspicuous actors. In 1759, he served under Gen. Amherst, and
destroyed the Indian village of St. Francis. In 1760, he was ordered
by Amherst to take possession of Detroit and the ceded western
posts, and he performed the duty. But this terrible lighter, whom
no danger, hardship or difficulty could daunt, seems to have become
strangely demoralized, when he no longer had Frenchmen to face nor
Indians to hunt down. The hero went to England, but was so
shamefully neglected there that he actually suffered from want. He
managed, however, to write a book on North America, which he
presented to the king. This brought him up, and he was soon sent
out as Governor of Michilimackiaac. But it was not long before he
was accused of traitorous designs and of intriguing with the French
charges on which he was arrested, and manacled and court-mar-
tialed. This was in 1765 and 1766. Four years later we find him
again in England, and even at court. Soon, however, he gets into
trouble, and has lodgings given him in the debtors' prison. After all
this, if we may credit his own story, he slips over into Africa, and
fights two or three battles under the Dey of Algiers.
And now once more he is in America, and the war of the revolution
is just beginning. But Rogers is suspected and watched. They
arrest him, and Congress sets him free. This in 1775. In 1776 Wash-
ington, being convinced that he is a spy, puts him under guard. Con-
gress again liberates him, and then Rogers, breaking his parole, goes
over to the enemy. He was made commander of a corps called the
" Queen's Rangers," and at Mamaroneck came nigh being captured.
This near approach to the gibbet which he so well deserved seems to
have frightened him, for very soon after this he returned to England.
In many respects Robert Rogers and Benedict Arnold are twin names.
Both signalized themselves by many acts of reckless daring and heroic
adventure. Both were spendthrifts, and partly, perhaps, for that
reason, both were mean and treacherous. Both also dragged out
among Englishmen (with whom, hardly less than with their own
countrymen, they were objects of scorn and contempt) the last years
of their miserable existence. Rogers died in 1800, and Arnold in
1801.
98
received a slight}' wound himself in one of his legs,
there was also this day an alarming rumor in this town,
y l Fort Edward was beseiged by y e enemy, and many of
y e officers supposed that they heard y e report of great
guns from that way, in their march to this on Monday till
night, and some asserted y l they heard them this morning,
but those that arrived here this evening from Albany
heard nothing of it there."
"21. Wednesday, this morning attended Prayers at six
of clock, the Regiment still remaining in good health
excepting some few particulars, none sick with a Fever
for which I bless God : I pray God to be with us to keep
us from sin, sickness and every evil occurrence that he
would be with wife, family and people be their God,
strength and everlasting portion. After prayers and
breakfast we hired a room for the Field Officers and staff
officers to cook their victual in, and were to give 20 s.
York currency a week rent, this evening prayers were
omitted by reason of a shower of rain, and now we are
just informed from Albany that Rogers has lost but four
men and is gone out again with three hundred men in
great wrath against the enemy."
"22. Thursday. Last night quite late arrived orders
from Gen. Stanwix 18 for the two companies of Col.
Whiting 19 y* are in town, and for one company and half
18 This officer in 1757 commanded a force sent to protect the western
frontier. Fort Stanwix, erected by him at the carrying-place to
Wood Creek, was on the north side of the Mohawk.
"NATHANIEL WHITING, b. 1724 in Windham, Ct., was a son of Eev.
Samuel Whiting, first minister of that town. He graduated at Yale
College in 1748, and was a lieutenant in Pepperell's expedition, of
1745. In 1755, as Lieut. Col. of the 2d Conn, regiment he was in
the battle in which Col. Ephraim Williams was killed, and succeeded
him in command. After sharing in Abercrombie's defeat, he was
again out with Amherst in the victorious campaigns of 1759 and 1760.
99
of another in our Regiment to march directly to Half-
moon 20 . It is certified that a Flag of Truce is come into
Fort Edward ; we attended prayers and then supped at
our new lodgings, having dined with Domine Vroom, the
Dutch minister of Schenectady."
"23. Friday, prayers late this morning by reason of a
shower, this evening Col. Bagley received orders im-
mediately to march toward Port Edward upon the arrival
of Col. Williams' 21 Regiment to Schenectady, eight com-
panies of which are to be stationed in this town. The
officers a.nd soldiers seem pleased with a thought of join-
ing the army. The Lord God be with us in all our
marches and engagements."
"24. Saturday. This morning I gave a short word of
exhortation to the soldiers, as we are in some expectation
to march this day, and Mr. Johnson of Corns-Brook, about
ten miles to the southwest of this town being present
80 Half-moon is on 'the west bank of the Hudson, thirteen miles
north of Albany.
21 In our early colonial times many of the WILLIAMS name were
ministers many of them military men. One of them, ELISHA W.,
was both a clergyman and a colonel, a judge and college president.
Another, Col. Ephrairn, died in battle, but lives, and will ever live, in
the college which he founded. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, above referred
to, was a son of Rev. William Williams, of Weston, Mass. In a
letter (still preserved) to Dr. Thos. Williams, of Deerfleld, and dated
July 11, 1758, he gave a- thrilling account of the engagement before
Montcalm's breastwork, in which his regiment had taken an active
part. Col. Williams became one of the first settlers of Pittsfield,
Mass., and still has his monument in the Pittsfleld elm, which stood
on his ground, and which he saved from the axe. He was made a
judge, and is described as a man of martial bearing and jovial dispo-
sition. The story of his married life is succinctly and quaintly told
by Major Stoddard thus : " He married first Miriam Tyler, for good
sense, and got it ; secondly, Miss Wells, for love and beauty, and had
it; thirdly, Aunt Hannah Dickinson, and got horribly cheated." Col.
Williams died in 1788, aged seventy-five years.
100 -
prayed with the Regiment, and after prayers a most mel-
ancholy accident ; as one of the soldiers was exercising
in the Prussian way, when he came to fire, not consid-
ering that his gun was charged it went off with two balls
one went through a soldier sitting at a small distance,
entering a little below his right shoulder and coming out
by his left breast. His name is Moody of Haverhill,
who dyed about two hours after. The other ball struck
another man's leg, hit the bone, and glanced out the same
side. His name is Mash, also of Haverhill, and a third
man had one of the balls pass through his jacket and
shirt and just touched the end of his finger. He nar-
rowly escaped with his life. This night, Elisha Moody,
the man killed, was buried. A great part of the Regi-
ment attended, and the company under arms that he be-
longed to. After he was let down into the grave I prayed
and then made a speech to the soldiers. A Court of
Inquiry was made upon the man, William Hermit, that
fired his gun that did such mischief, and he was cleared.
The poor fellow is much cast down. At prayers this
evening I made a speech of some length to the Regiment
as they were to march the next day early, there were
present many of the town's people, both men and women.
The people of the town are very sorry that we must
march from them. The people in Schenectady were quite
a civil people and they have quite a good sort of a man
to their minister."
"25. Sabb. this morning after prayers we set out for
half-moon and arrived there at about sunsetting a march
of the best part of twenty miles. I cautioned y e Regi-
ment in y e morning to remember the Sabbath day, to
keep it holy and they did behave quite civilly in general.
But I never saw .just such a Sabbath before. We took a
long Sabbath-day's journey for our march ; at Half-moon
101 .
we found two Connecticut regiments, Col. Lyman's 22 and
Wooster's. 23 This night we encamped on the hard floor
with a blanket under us and another upon us."
"26. Mond. this morning very rainy. One of Capt.
George's company broke out with the small Pox in the
barn. Tarried at Half-moon all day, wrote a letter to
my wife and another to Francis Choate, 2 * Esq. ; but fin-
22 PmxEAS LYMAN was a native of Durham in Conn., where he was
born about 1716. After graduating at Yale he settled as a lawyer in
Suffleld. In 1755 he was commander- in-chief of the Connecticut
militia. At the battle of Lake George in 1757, he was second in com-
mand, and when Sir William Johnson was disabled, took charge of
the troops, and brought the engagement to a successful termination.
This journal shows that he was the most influential of the provincial
colonels in Abercrornbie's army. In 1759 he assisted in the capture
of Crown Point and of Montreal. In 1762 he commanded the provin-
cial forces in an expedition against Havana. For several years he
was in England, endeavoring to obtain a grant of land on the Missis-
sippi, with a view to founding a colony. At last he so far succeeded
as to embark wit^i his son and with others, on his way to the great
river. They got as far as west Florida. There died (1775) the gen-
eral and his son, and the enterprise died with them.
23 DAVID WOOSTER was born in 1710 in Stratford, Conn., and
graduated at Yale College in 1738. In 1739 he commanded a war
vessel commissioned to protect the coast. In the Louisburg expedi-
tion of 1745 he commanded the "Connecticut," a sloop of war. Sent
in a cartel-ship to France, he was denied admittance. Passing over
to England, he was received at Court, and obtained a commission as
Captain in PepperelPs regiment. In the campaign of 1755 he was
Colonel of the Third Conn, regiment, and continued in the service
till 1760. In 1775 he assisted in the taking of Ticonderoga. He also
served in Canada, where he succeeded Montgomeiy, on the fall of
that officer. On his return he was made Major General of the Conn,
militia. He fell, April 27, 1777, at Ridgefleld, Ct., while attempting
to cut off the retreat of Gov. Tryon.
24 FRANCis CHOATE was the chaplain's right-hand man at home, the
leader, from the first, of his church and parish. He was also the
uncle of Mary (Dodge) Cleaveland. A grandson of John Choate,
the first Ipswich settler of the name, he was distinguished in a family
which has had far more than the average share of mental ability.
(8)
102
ished neither. Col. Lyman and Col. Wooster marched
off towards Fort Edward ; tarried at Half-moon this
night."
"27. Tuesday. This morning Mr. Ingersoll, Col. Woos-
ter's chaplain prayed with our Regiment, and we set out
and arrived at Still- water about one o'clock, where we
overtook Col. Wooster's Regiment and dined with the
Col. in the Fort, and then he marched forward ; and our
Reg 4 after refreshing themselves marched also forward.
But the field officers tarried at Still-water and lodged in
the Fort."
"28. Wednesday. Marched from Still water to Saratoga
Fort, where we put up and tarried all night. Fourteen
miles from Stillwater to Seratoga."
"29. Thursday. Marched from Seratoga to Fort Miller
5 miles and from thence to Fort Edward, 7 miles, and
put up and tarried all night lodged in Commissary
Tucker's tent and fared well."
"30. Friday. This day tarried at Fort Edward. One
company of a hundred men under Capt. Morrow was
draughted out of the Regiment to tarry at Fort Edward."
"July 1. This day being Saturday, after sending my
His useful life of seventy-six years terminated in 1777, but not his
usefulness. One son, John, became a magistrate and man of mark.
Another, William, saw in his sons, David and George, their grand-
father fully restored. Of these, David died at the age of fifty, leaving
Kufus and Washington in tender boyhood. The latter, cut off in his
third college year, had already given ample promise of a career not
less brilliant than that of his brother soon became. Of Kufus Choate,
that rare phenomenon in the realms of mind and of eloquence who
knows not that he was long the pride of Essex County, the boast of
Massachusetts and the admiration of our whole country ! Not yet,
even, is this rich vein exhausted. Descendants of the fifth degree
from elder Francis Choate, through his grandson, George, may be
seen to-day, primi inter pares, on the bench in Essex County, and at
the bar of the city of New York.
103
horse by Isaac Haskell to Capt. Van Bureii's with the
following articles viz. bridle, saddle, boots, spurs, one
pair of yarn stockings, one pair of double-soled German
pumps, set out on foot to Lake George. Dined at Half-
way Brook with Col. Nichols, Col. Cummings 25 and Mr.
Morril, the chaplain, and set out again. Arrived at the
Lake before sunset, something fatigued, and lodged with
Mr. Forbush, chaplain to Col. Ruggles."
83 In regard to Col. Cummings, Mr. Morril, Mr. Forbush, and Mr.
Ingersoll, I have no information beyond what the Journal gives.
[To lie continued.]
ON THE EARLY DAYS AND RAPID
GROWTH OF CALIFORNIA.
BY ALFRKD PKAISODY.'
IT may not be generally recollected that California was *
ceded in 1848 by Mexico to the United States, she paying
fifteen million dollars. The treaty between the two gov-
ernments was signed by the Un^ed States in March of
the same year, and by Mexico in May.
At that time the extent of the gold fields was not
known, though in January it was at first discovered by a
man digging a mill-race for Capt. Sutter, who at that time
owned the land on which Sacramento City now stands.
When the news of the discovery of gold reached here,
via the isthmus, in early summer, it was credited but by
a very few. Soon several parcels were sent here, and
large shipments, with letters from well known residents
there, confirming the fact, and with these came also ac-
counts of a large immigration from the region around
California, even from the Sandwich Islands and Chili.
The scarcity and high price of provisions, mining im-
plements, houses, lumber, etc., at a place where the
returns were gold, greatly aroused the spirit of enter-
prise, and late in the autumn companies in many of the
seaboard cities were formed, and vessels purchased to
take cargo and passengers round Cape Horn, there being
only one steamer monthly between California and New
York, via the Isthmus.
About the first of December, 1848, I applied to John
104
105
Bertram, Esq., to undertake a voyage there, which re-
sulted in himself and five other gentlemen of Salem
loading the bark Eliza, 1 Capt. A. S. Perkins, with an
assorted cargo, and I went out in her to dispose of it,
and to establish myself as a commission merchant.
The cargo consisted of flour, pork, hams, sugar, coffee,
butter, cheese, rice, figs, raisins, dried apples, bread,
meal, pickles, boots, shoes, domestics, chairs, nails, cook
stoves, bake pans, kettles, axes, shovels, picks, and a
great variety of small articles, lumber, and not of least
importance, a store, also materials for building a boat or
scow, for dredging in the rivers or on sand bars, together
with a small steam engine, a lathe, and tools for repairs.
There were six passengers, Messrs. John Beadle, Jona-
than Nichols, Dennis Rideout, George BufFum, George
Kenny and James Parker, all of Salem. One of these
was a boat builder, one a carpenter, and two machinists.
These were selected from numerous applicants, with a
view to carry out our plans on arrival if they were found
to be practicable. The "Eliza" was the first vessel that
sailed from Massachusetts with an assorted cargo and pas-
sengers direct for San Francisco, though Capt. Eagleston
was loading the Brig "Mary and Ellen" 2 for the Sandwich
Islands when the gold discoveries were confirmed, and
he changed her voyage to San Francisco and the Sand-
wich Islands, and cleared from Salem Oct. 27th.
'The "Eliza" was built at Salem, in 1822, by Thomas and David
Magoun, for Joseph White ; sold by his heirs in 1832 to David Pingree,
and again in 1846 to Michael Shepard and others. Tonnage, 204
tons. For several years previous in the Zanzibar trade.
The officers and crew were, Captain, Augustine Staniford Perkins,
now residing in Salem ; first officer, Joseph Perkins, who bought a
farm at Clipper Gap, California, and has since lived at that place ;
second officer, William Hunt. Seamen, Amos Niles, Leander J. John-
son, Ebenezer Fox, William Smith, Henry C. Perkins, Abel Martin,
and John Lambert.
*See page 124 for au account of this voyage by Capt. Eagleston.
106
On the morning of our sailing from Derby wharf, Dec.
23, 1848, a great crowd had assembled to take leave of
friends, and to give a hearty hurrah. Just as they were
casting off the bark's fasts a song, 3 composed for the occa-
sion by some friends of one of the passengers, was struck
up by him,
" The wash bowl on my knee,"
Tune, OH! SUSAKNA. (Key G.)
1. 3 1 came from Salem City,
With my washbowl on my knee,
I'm going to California,
The gold dust for to see.
It rained all night the day I left,
The weather, it was dry,
The sun so hot I froze to death,
Oh ! brothers, don't you cry.
Oh! California,
That's the land for me !
I'm going to Sacramento
With my washbowl on my knee.
2. I jumped aboard the 'Liza ship,
And travelled on the sea,
And every time I thought of home
I wished it wasn't me !
The vessel reared like any horse
That had of oats a wealth ;
I found it wouldn't throw me, so
I thought I'd throw mys.elf.
Oh ! California, etc.
3. I thought of all the pleasant times
We've had together here,
I thought I ort to cry a bit,
But couldn't find a tear.
The pilot bread was in my mouth,
The gold dust in my eye,
And though I'm going far away
Dear brothers, don't you cry.
Oh ! California, etc.
4:. I soon shall be in Francisco,
And then I'll look all round,
And when I see the gold lumps there
I'll pick them off the ground.
I'll scrape the mountains clean, my boys,
I'll drain the rivers dry,
A pocket full of rocks bring home,
So, brothers, don't you cry.
Oh ! California, etc.
107
and the passengers joined in the chorus. This was called
the "California Song," and was sung on board of every
vessel going round Cape Horn, and by immigrants over
the plains. It was afterwards published in a London
Quarterly as a California!! miner's song, illustrative of
camp life at the diggings.
After letting go our fasts the bark grounded, a rope
was passed from on board to the spectators on the wharf,
and hundreds of them laid hold of it with such a gusto
that they walked her off as if a powerful tug boat had
hold of her.
The voyage from the coast was without any very bad
weather, and we had a pleasant set of passengers, rather
musical withal one played the violin, another the ac-
cordeon, a third the tamborine, and I played skilfully
on the triangle. When we passed near a vessel we
would give them the California song, with all the accom-
paniments.
Anxiety to get out before other vessels, soon to follow
us with similar cargoes, stimulated Capt. Perkins to take
advantage of every wind, and even the gales, when favor-
able, and when struggling off Cape Horn I often wished
the bark was twenty years younger. Our voyage in the
Pacific was a very pleasant one, and much of our time
was occupied in building a boat for exploration up the
river.
We arrived at San Francisco, June 1, 1849, one him-
dred and sixty days passage, and anchored about nine,
P.M. We went on shore the next morning, landing on
an old wharf about forty feet long, the only one in the
place. Our first inquiry was if the gold held out, and
we were much pleased to learn that before we left home
the half had not been told. The city had a very new
and unsettled appearance, the streets ran at right angles,
108
uneven, and no sidewalks, some quite comfortable dwell-
ings, a hotel on one side of the public square, and on the
opposite was the custom house ; a" very rough-looking
building, built of adobe or sun-dried bricks. It was
one story only, and had a veranda all round it. The
shops were mostly of rough boards, their contents arti-
cles of first necessity, mining tools and cooking utensils.
Every one seemed to be busily employed, opening goods,
selling and packing them for shipment. The mines being
from one hundred and fifty to two hundred miles distant
from San Francisco, all goods had to be taken in small
vessels up to Sacramento City and to Stockton, and then
distributed to different mining points.
In these early days of California, United States laws
had not been introduced there, and it was found neces-
sary, in such a mixed population, for the safety of life
and property, to establish Lynch law. Any one caught
stealing would be strung up on the nearest tree. Qoiug
on shore the second morning after we arrived, some per-
sons in a store were telling of their exploits the night
before. A man was suspected of a robbery committed a
few days before. He was taken by several persons to
a tree near by, a rope put round his neck, and he was
hoisted nearly from the ground, but his earnest protes-
tations of innocence moved the hearts of his accusers,
and they felt that they had made a mistake in the per-
son and let him go. This was rather an unpleasant pro-
cedure, and if mistakes of this kind should often occur,
I felt that even a quiet man from Salem would be hardly
secure.
It was surprising to see how trade and every kind of
business were rushed through without regard to the Sab-
bath. Taking samples of some of our cargo on shore to
try the market, the owner of the first store I went into
109
was so busy he could not attend to me that day, so I pro-
posed calling the next day, Saturday. "No," he said,
"come Sunday." I replied that I never did business on
Sunday. "Oh well!" said he, "you have just arrived;
after you have been here a month you will do as we do."
I replied that if no other man in California kept the
Sabbath, I should. "You are right," he said ; "I wish I
stood in your position, but I have gone with the crowd,
and I cannot well stop."
As freights from San Francisco to Sacramento City,
the head of navigation of that river, were very high, a
great saving would be made by taking the "Eliza" up
with her cargo. No vessel of her draft of water had ever
gone up. After consulting with one of the best pilots on
the river, we concluded to go up with her, and agreed
with him to pilot her up, after lightening her a little, and
he was to accompany her with a large schooner, to take
the cargo in case she grounded, for which we paid him
one thousand, seven hundred and twenty-five dollars, a
heavy pilotage for one hundred and twenty miles. We
worked our way up the river, grounding several times,
but by heeling the bark, by changing her cargo, chains
and anchors, we got her off without discharging any
cargo, and in six days after we left San Francisco we
moored her to two sturdy oak trees, at the foot of one
of the principal streets, where she remained for years,
having quite a history, as she was used as a store, a store
house, a boarding house, and later, for years as a landing
for steamers, in 1868 sold and broken up; most of the
timbers and planking were in good condition.
The first outlook on a town of seven buildings and a
few tents was not very encouraging to sell a valuable
cargo like ours. It was evident from the dusty roads
that there was not a little travel, and it must have been
for trade, so on looking round we gained courage.
110
The Plat on which the city was located was covered with
large oaks, and oak underbrush. The streets were laid
out at right angles, one, upwards from west easterly, and
A to Z from north southerly.
We had struck off, at a printing place at Sutter's Fort
a mile distant, fifty lists, costing fifty dollars, of the prin-
cipal articles of our cargo fresh from Salem, and these
were sent into the mines, the only means of advertising.
Our crew, all except two faithful boys, left us on arrival.
The passengers, on whom we had some claims, went up
the river in the boat we built, for the purpose of exam-
ining the shallow rivers and bars. They returned in two
or three days with unfavorable reports for mining in this
mode, which was not unwelcome news, as by that time we
had all we could attend to, in waiting on customers for our
cargo. It was put up in the best manner, and it was for
months alluded to, as the best cargo that had come to
California, and customers came down upon us with a rush.
Capt. Perkins, having been well schooled in the Zan-
zibar trade, made himself very useful, and we made some
outside operations on joint account, renewing our stock
of goods as we sold out.
The safe arrival up there of so large a vessel as the
"Eliza" induced almost every one of light draft of water
to follow, and in a short time there were lying alongside
the river bank, at every favorable point, twenty-five or
thirty vessels, and later Salem was well represented.
On entering the Sacramento river the mosquitoes gave
us a warm reception. They were very poisonous, and so
persistent we could not eat our meals with comfort. One
of the boys had his face so badly stung that he could not
see, and I passed several hours in the vessel's top, that I
might have a little respite.
A great variety of nationalities would be seen, and
som.3 would be almost wild to get to the mines. There
Ill
was no conveyance except for a few who could purchase
a horse or mule, and most miners were obliged to walk
forty or fifty miles, some taking a shovel and pick and a
slight change of clothing. Expenses were very high, and
no one could afford to be idle, and no one ought to be,
for wages were sixteen dollars a day.
The first Saturday night after we arrived, being very
tired, I arranged to be allowed to sleep in the morning
without being disturbed, but at daylight I was called for
something very important ; going on deck I found three
men and their mules on the river bank, waiting to pur-
chase goods and load up for the mines, and when I told
them I did not sell goods on the Sabbath they used very
rough language, and this gave me liberty to advise them
to keep the Sabbath to prolong their lives and that of
their mules, assuring them that it would be better for
both, and if they would do so and come at the same hour
the next morning, they should be well served. They
went away declaring that they would not trade with such
a puritanical hypocrite, but it seems they thought better
of it, and came as invited, and after coming two or three
times for goods they made me their banker, depositing in
my safe thousands of dollars.
The immigrants were of almost every profession and
vocation judges, lawyers, physicians, clergymen, and
artisans of every kind. It was amusing, though praise-
worthy, to see them turning their hands to anything to
earn a few dollars. I wanted some lumber hauled a short
distance ; sending for a man who owned a yoke of oxen,
I was surprised to have him report himself Professor
Shepherd, of New Haven, Conn. He did all the work
himself and in a few days earned fifty dollars. I found
him a very pleasant acquaintance, and a most excellent
man, as well as a good geologist. Hearing that a clergy-
112
man had come in town, he ventured to invite him to
preach on board a bark, but the saw and hammer, driving
of teams, discharging and loading of goods all around,
were a great disturbance.
The Professor prevailed on me to join him in visiting
the vessels and venders of goods, to urge them to refrain
from doing business on the Sabbath, to which they all
consented ; and every one acknowledged that it was the
pleasautest day they had passed in California. Service
that day was held in a blacksmith's shop, which proved
too small to accommodate all. The next Sunday it was
held under a gigantic oak, the trunk of which measured
twenty-seven feet in circumference.
Seats, boards laid on nail kegs. On this Sabbath Mr.
Ball, son of our city missionary in Salem at that time,
appeared with a cabinet organ. This drew quite a crowd,
and after service the musical gentlemen, some members
of the Handel and Hay den society of Boston, gathered
around the organ and sang their old favorite tunes with
the greatest enthusiasm.
A man near our vessel worked under an oak tree
making rough board coffins ; he was the only man that
would not regard the Sabbath. When we returned from
church he boasted of having earned sixteen dollars while
we were gone. One of his coffins was taken for him be-
fore the close of summer.
The conveyance to the mines was greatly facilitated by
the arrival in September of the immigration over land
from the western states, furnishing a great number of ox
teams, horses and mules, which made it less expensive
for the miners.
The immigrants from Missouri, Illinois and Indiana
would more easily conform to rough life than those from
the eastern states. The females and children were brought
113
over the mountains in ox wagons, covered, and in and
around them were sufficient cooking utensils and furniture
to commence 'their new life. Some of the old pioneers
cut down oak trees and cut them in convenient lengths to
split, which they used for boarding their houses and also
for shingles. Some very fine horses were introduced from
Missouri.
A Mr. Flint, of Maine, drove, from one of the western
states over the mountains, a flock of sheep, the first of
fine wool introduced into California, and now he is the
largest sheep owner there; and is very rich.
By this time rough buildings and tents nearly covered
several blocks, s'ettlers were arriving daily, and it was a
very busy place, with favorable prospects of becoming a
commercial city. Among new comers was a man desi-
rous of opening a restaurant, there not being any in the
place. We put him up a building of boards eighteen by
thirty feet, and covered it with sails from the "Eliza ;" rent
two hundred dollars per month. This was hardly finished
when a doctor came and wished us to build for him
one of the same dimensions, to occupy as an apothecary ;
rent two hundred and fifty dollars per month. Immedi-
ately a gentleman applied for a store which he must have
in three days, as his goods were to be landed on the
bank of the river, and the third day he moved into it ;
rent three hundred dollars per month. These three build-
ings were put up by Mr. Rideont, one of our passengers,
which was a good advertisement for him, and from that
time he never lacked work. He left for home in Decem-
ber, well paid for his six months' work in California. At
Panama he took the fever and died. He was attended by
a kind Salem man, though a stranger.
On the street and on where we built these stores, we
cut down a thick growth of oak underbrush, and in six
114
weeks, that street with others was watered by a water
cart.
Quite a number of families had come in, and Prof.,
Shepherd collected the children and had a Sabbath school
in a little shanty he built of poles and boards. The ground
was the floor, and scats pine boards, but we found the
children learned as well in it as if under a frescoed ceiling.
Lumber, canvas and cotton cloth having come in freely,
some large buildings had been erected ; the most costly
were used as gambling houses, and of these there were
.not a few.
Many large groceries were in canvas tents, and it is
worthy of note that though they could have been easily
cut into and robbed any dark night, I have no recollection
of any robbery while I was in Sacramento. On board
the "Eliza" we never locked our hatches. So much for
Dr. Lynch.
From materials on board the "Eliza," we built two
scows, one to be used as a ferry boat across the Sacra-
mento river, the first one in the place, and the other for a
German to take his vegetables to market. This man had.
about an acre cultivated, about four miles below the city.
This was an experiment, there not being any other laud
cultivated anywhere round, and it proved a success.
Capt. Perkins went down in his boat and purchased
potatoes at sixty dollars per bushel, and other vegetables
proportionably high, of which he sold enough at a profit
to give us a taste without cost. We, however, indulged
in a little extravagance as well as experiment. Taking a
squash at two dollars, eggs two dollars per dozen, and
milk two dollars per gallon, we made some pies. These
reminded us of home and paid us for the trouble. A bag
containing about two bushels of onions on the way to the
mines passed through our hands at eighty-five dollars.
115
Prof. Shepherd, while prospecting among the moun-
tains, always carried his blankets for his covering at
night, his saddle served as a pillow, and the earth as a
mattress. All travellers were obliged to camp out in this
way. This exposure and irregular living carried off great
numbers the first year in California.
Occasionally an old resident of Califprnia came along
and spoke of having seen the location of Sacramento
under water, but ten to one contradicted these reports,
and we thought it could not be true ; but when the rainy
season came, the river above the city overflowed, and ran
in back of it, flooding it all except high ridges. This was
a severe blow to the place, causing a great depreciation in
real estate, and was proof that it would never be a rival
to San Francisco. The next season the water rose much
higher than before, inundating the whole city, carrying
away houses and furniture. On the trees down below
Sacramento near the river, chairs were seen hanging some
fifteen feet from the ground. For several days no one
could leave their houses, except in boats and on rafts,
and in many places they would step from the second
story into boats. The city has since been raised, I think
ten feet. It is perfectly secure now from floods.
Dec. 1, 1850. My attention was turned to San Fran-
cisco to meet Mr. J. P. Flint from Boston, who came out
to join me in business, and we formed a partnership
under the style of Flint & Peabody. We built a store
within thirty feet of the wharf on which we at first
landed. While our store was building, two gentlemen,
my partner and myself, hired a shanty, one room and
kitchen. In one corner we had a table, and when our
mattresses were spread on the floor at night it was en-
tirely covered. Some of us were quite accustomed to.
this mode of life, which was far better than hundreds
116
around us, living in tents, and there were several hun-
dred of these.
The city had improved greatly in appearance in the few
months past, many buildings having been erected, among
which were a city hall, a large banking house, a Baptist
church = the first Protestant church built in California.
I have in my possession a photograph of the original
building sent me by a friend last month. A company
from Salem had arrived in a ship, and put up a very large
building which they rented. That season was a very wet
one, none -of the streets were paved, and in some low
places no teams could pass, and pedestrians often found
the longest boots too short.
There was a great accumulation of various articles of
merchandise, utterly unsalable, and of so little value, not
having store room, they were left out exposed to weather.
In one of the worst crossings some half dozen or more
boxes of tobacco, one hundred and twenty pounds weight,
were placed ; also barrels of spoiled provisions. Gold
washers, which came out in almost every vessel, and were
of no value, were used as stepping stones.
The harbor presented a lively appearance. Some one
hundred and fifty to two hundred vessels of different
nations were anchored in the bay, and some had been
beached to be used for the sale of their cargoes. A wharf
eiirht hundred feet lon^ had been built. Lumber arriving
O C2 O
daily had fallen in price, so as to induce a great amount
of building, some very large gambling houses, and there
were many of them which were well patronized night
and day, and seemed to be the only place of amusement
for the idle.
In the spring of 1850, a great fire burned over three
blocks. It spread so rapidly but little merchandise was
saved ; ever}' gambling house and saloon was burned. I
117
think the fire occurred on Thursday. On the Sunday
morning following, on our way to church, we passed a
building, the only one put up since the fire, and we heard
the jingling of the specie on the table, which seemed to
be in defiance of the Almighty.
The favorable accounts we gave Mr. Bertram on our
arrival induced him to engage in this trade with his ac-
customed energy. In early spring three vessels arrived
with full cargoes, loaded at Salem by Mr. Bertram, and
soon after two others followed. We had several other
cargoes consigned which kept us occupied.
Capt. Perkins settled up his business and left for home
in the June steamer via the Isthmus. He was the first
that fulfilled the promise of the song,
"A pocket full of rocks bring home."
We were greatly surprised one day at the arrival of
two small clipper tea ships, with assorted cargoes from
New York, in little over one hundred days. These short
passages created quite an excitement, and every one rea-
lized the advantage of having their goods come by fast
sailing ships.
The gold covering a vast surface of country was an
established fact, and could not be exhausted for years.
My partner proposed my returning home, and establish-
ing a line of fast ships from Boston, which would com-
mand high freights and result in a profitable business. I
took the first July steamer to Panama, crossed the Isthmus
on a mule, came down the Chagres river in a canoe burned
out of a large log, and arrived home in thirty-six days.
Mr. Flint's son was taken into our firm and the style
has since been Flint, Peabody & Co. No line from Bos-
ton had been established, and seeing the importance of
an early movement, an arrangement between our firm and
(9)
118
Messrs. Glidden & Williams to establish one was at once
consummated, they to procure freights in Boston, and
Flint, Peabody & Co. to collect them in San Francisco,
and it was called "Glidden & Williams' Line."
There were but few fast or clipper ships in the United
States at that time, and as such ships would command
freights at double the price of common ships, it was
determined by Mr. Bertram and the owners of the line,
with one other firm in Boston, to build an extreme clipper
of one thousand, one hundred tons. In September a
contract with an East Boston ship builder was made for
such a ship, and to have her ready to receive cargo by
January 1. Her keel was laid at once, the work pro-
gressed satisfactorily, and in due time she was launched.
Complimentary to Mr. Bertram, who had been so con-
spicuous in the California trade, the majority of the
owners named her for him, the "John Bertram." She was
rigged and fitted for s.ea, loaded in Glidden & Williams'
line, and sailed January 10 with a full cargo, at one dollar
per foot or forty dollars per ton. One article of her
cargo shipped by her owners was ten thousand dozens of
eggs, put up in tins, which sold for ten thousand dollars.
This was the first clipper ship that was built expressly
for the California trade. The same owners soon after
built the famous clipper ship "Witch of the Wave," of
fifteen hundred tons, and subsequently four others of the
same model averaging fifteen hundred tons each.
Mr. Bertram and others, with Flint, Peabody & Co.,
in 1853 established in San Francisco the ice trade, having
employed in this five ships, aggregating thirty-three hun-
dred tons. It was afterwards ascertained that ice could
be introduced from Sitka at lower rates than from Boston,
and they gave up the trade.
June, 1851, a great fire swept over the city. Fifteen
119
blocks were burned, and eight others partially, occupied
by fifteen hundred buildings, estimated loss four million
dollars. Flint, Peabody & Co. were burned out ; their
store was the last building burnt. Their loss was heavy ;
no insurance.
The line from Boston proved a success, as may be seen
by the following statistics, which are copied from the San
Francisco almanac of 1859 :
" As an interesting datum in illustration of the changes
which have taken place in the commerce of San Fran-
cisco, both as regards its nature and its channels, we
place the following table before our readers.
It is a statement of the amount paid as freight to, and
the number of tons of cargo carried by, and the vessels
consigned to a single house, Messrs. Flint, Peabody &
Co., commencing with the first ship of that line, the
"John Bertram."
AMOUNT OF FREIGHT LIST.
In 1852, 27 ships, 32,959 tons of goods, $ 854,583 77
1,810,446 29
992,633 29
634,418 93
677,312 57
464,579 69
531,887 01
1853, 49
75,849
1854, 30
49,727
1855, 26
47,681
1856, 26
49,499
1857, 24
42,791
1858, 25
46,892
207
345,398
$5,965,862 14
Choice fruit, in the early days of California, was almost
unknown. I sent out from Boston three hundred pear,
three hundred apple, two hundred and fifty peach and one
hundred and fifty plum trees, raspberries, currants, etc.,
all these of the choicest varieties, which we set out on our
farm, expecting to realize great profits, but when they
came into bearing so many others had done the same
thing that fruit could not be marketed to pay expenses.
It may be noticed that from 1854 the quantity of goods
120
shipped from the east was every year decreasing, as many
articles which were formerly shipped from the east were
produced there. That has been the case ever since.
From July, 1855 to Nov., 1856, one article (East Boston
syrup) consigned to our house amounted to $563,588.00.
Soon after, sugar refineries were established there, and
now they are seeking a market for their surplus syrup.
In 1859 the same house received from Boston a full
cargo of flour, sixty-five hundred barrels, which paid a
fair freight. In 1869, from July to December 31, the
shipments from San Francisco of wheat and flour were
equal to one million, six hundred thousand barrels. The
same year the wool clip was fifteen million pounds, all of
fine quality.
The official returns of the census of 1850 make the
population ninety-two thousand, five hundred and ninety-
seven. In 1857 the population had increased to five hun-
dred and thirty-eight thousand and two.
As early as 1859 by the "State Register," it appears
the "Great Overland" Mail was established from Memphis
and St. Louis to San Francisco via Fort Smith, to Fort
Fillmore above El Paso. Thence to Fort Yuma on the
Colorado, to Los Angeles to San Francisco semi-weekly,
schedule time twenty-five days. Butterfield & Co., con-
tractors. Also, the Central Overland or Salt Lake City
Mail, from St. Joseph, Mo., to Salt Lake, thence through
Carson Valley to Placerville, weekly ; leaves St. Joseph
every Saturday. Schedule time from St. Joseph, twenty-
two days. Hockoday & Corpening, contractors.
It appears by the "Register" of the same year that
there were one hundred and twenty-seven lodges of Free
Masons, and seventy-eight lodges of Odd Fellows ; an
Agricultural Society, State Horticultural Society, Cali-
fornia Society of Natural History, State Medical Society,
121
Mechanics' Institute, Academy of Natural Science, and
thirty-two libraries, containing sixty-five thousand vol-
umes. This does not include the State Library located
at San Francisco, the oldest and most extensive in the
state, library Santa Clara College, San Jose, Odd Fellows
Library Association, San Francisco, Sacramento Library
Association and California Pioneer, San Francisco.
There were ninety different newspapers and periodicals
published in the state of California ; one hundred and
thirty-two grist mills ; an insane asylum at Stockton, and
the United States marine hospital at San Francisco,
cost of building, two hundred and twenty-four thousand
dollars.
The following shows the value and destination of
treasure shipped from San Francisco during the years
1854 to 1869 (sixteen years).
Eastern ports, $462,088.066
England, 167,703,292
China, 68,050,250
Panama, 9,053,526
Other ports, 17,598,824
$724,493,958
The amount of duties on imports in 1869 was $8,339,-
384.14.
This same year the amount of mining stocks sold at
the Exchange Board in San Francisco was $30,037,707.
There were also turned out 7,604 tons of new shipping,
of which eleven were steamers, three barks, one brig, four
barges, and thirty-four schooners. Eight hundred and
fifty-eight vessels cleared at the custom house for domestic
and 'foreign ports, 706,452 tons.
In 1873 the arrivals of vessels at San Francisco were
3,647 1,293,398 tons.
Among the manufactories, there was built by Flint,
122
Peabody & Co., and another firm a rope manufactory,
making annually three million pounds Manila rope, some
of which was twelve hundred feet long, used for hoisting
quartz rock out of shafts. They have a barrel factory ;
one hundred and fifty thousand barrels and half barrels,
and one hundred thousand kegs were manufactured in
1873.
The coinage at the branch mint in 1873 amounted to
$22,075,400.
Our Boston house bought the railroad iron for the first
railway that was built in California, and negotiations were
made through them for the first five thousand tons of iron
for the Central Pacific railroad, and also for the sale of
the first bonds on that road.
At the close of 1869 I withdrew from the firm of Flint,
Peabody & Co., after a partnership of twenty years.
The house is continued under the same style, by the sons
of the senior partner, who died last March.
To show still farther the changes which have taken
place, I have ascertained that only two ships have loaded
in Boston for San Francisco the present year, 1873. The
revolutions in trade and commerce, and the resources
which have been developed in agriculture and manufac-
tures in twenty-five years, are beyond parallel in the
history of our country or the world.
The following statistics are taken from the "Trade
Review" :
Wheat product of 1873, 25,000,000 bushels.
Wheat and flour exports in 1873, 10,650,000 centals.
Gold and silver yield in 1873, $ 82,000,000.
Coinage of San Francisco mint in 1873, 22,075,400.
Coinage of mint from 1854 to Dec. 31, 1873, 350,000,000.
Foreign imports, values of, in 1873, 83,560,000.
Merchandise, export value, by sea, in 1873, 31,160,000.
Mining stock sales in 1873, 146,400,000.
f
123
Lumber receipts in 1873, 203,330,000 feet.
Wool clip, 36,000,000 pounds.
Domestic coals received in fourteen years, 1,700,000 tons.
Wine products of 1873, 2,500,000 gallons.
Deposits in the California savings banks, $55,000,000.
Banking capital of the state, $100,000,000 gold.
The ship "John Bertram" was sold eighteen years ago.
She has been running ever since. On the 12th of last
month she was in the port of New York, and the captain,
her present owner, wrote to a gentleman in this city,
speaking of her in the highest terms. He valued her so
highly that he wanted the photograph of the person for
whom she was named to hang up in his cabin.
Not only did the California trade give birth to the
clipper ship, which resulted in the revolution of ship
modelling here and abroad (though the extreme clippers
were in vogue but a few years, giving place to nearly flat
floors, retaining the sharp ends to combine capacity with
speed), but innumerable branches of industry were mag-
nified or developed by this trade, and on this 23d of
December, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the sailing of
the "Eliza" from Salem, it is hard to realize, in the great
California of to-day, the rough country we landed at in
its infancy.
SALEM, Dec. 23, 1873.
AN EARLY CALIFORNIA VOYAGE.*
SOME eighteen months or two years ago New Bedford
claimed the clearing of the first ship from Massachusetts
with a cargo for San Francisco, after the discovery of the
golden elephant had set the world wild and from every
point of the compass thousands rushed to the golden
waters in pursuit of fortunes from the earthy bowels of
the mighty monster. But some friend, in overhauling
the New Bedford log and drifting back to dates, I think
through the "Register," gave the Mary & Ellen, of Salem,
as first on the list for that port. The two articles were
stowed away for safe keeping, but at the present time are
not to be found. This I much regret, as I would like to
give dates.
I now see, by the " Gazette " of January 21, an article
by Mr. Alfred Peabody, my friend and pioneer in gold
dust seeking, falling into line with the barque "Eliza,"
December 23, about two months after my sailing as first
vessel from Massachusetts for that port, with a cargo for
gold dust hunters ; as if my clearing via San Francisco,
thence to the beautiful groves of cocoanuts and plan-
tains, hove the ''Mary & Ellen" a little in the shade. If
the terms via or direct were in the clearance I cannot say ;
and believing it is of no consequence, I will in " plane
* We are permitted to insert, in connection with the preceding paper, this account
of an early California voyage, in the Brig " Mary & Ellen " from Salem to San
Francisco, by Capt. John H. Eagleston.
124
125
sailing" give your readers a sketch of my log from my
first movement, and let them decide to which of the two
the first credit belongs. And as I am docked for repairs
of one of my main spars, I will wear away a portion of
my dull time, while the slow work goes on.
Owing to severe losses, I found I must move in some
direction to make them up ; and after much thought on
the course to pursue, I decided to buy a fast vessel and
proceed to the Pacific. As I was well acquainted with
all ports from St. Carlos to Guayaquil, where sales of any
account could be made, I determined to visit San Fran-
cisco and ports south, in order to make what sales might
be possible, and learn what the show was for a return
cargo ; thence to Guayaquil and load some seven hundred
quintals of cocoa for Manila, where, and in China, through
friends, I could load for the Coast, Society and Sandwich
Islands. Going to Baltimore I bought of Hooper &
Cheesbury the half brig "Zeno," of one hundred and
ninety-five tons, for seven thousand dollars cash, and as
she was not registered I named her the "Mary & Ellen,"
after my two daughters. She was at once loaded with
corn and flour for J. Safford, Esq., of this city, and, in
charge of a Baltimore captain, made the voyage to Salem
in three days. The flour was landed in Salem and the
corn in Danversport, the last proving to be a job of some
days.
As soon as possible I commenced alterations on cabin,
and, wanting a young man to take one quarter's interest
and go with me, after consulting several parties the situ-
ation was disposed of to Mr. John Henry Proctor.
While on the ways for coppering, the California mail
arrived, by which Capt. J. W. Chever received a letter
from his son Henry, who was in San Francisco, saying
gold had been discovered in large quantity, and enclosing
126
a list of articles wanted for the occasion. This informa-
tion was kept quiet, and outside of this I heard nothing
of gold. But believing the arrival of the next mail would
cause a great movement in that direction, the "Mary &
Ellen" was placed in position and loaded with as little
delay as possible the Hon. S. C. Phillips, Capt. Chever
and J. W. Peele being the principal shippers ; Mr. E. H.
Knight shipping an invoice on his own hook, and several
other friends doing the same. My cargo consisted of
beef, pork, flour, hams, blankets, clothing, crowbars,
picks, shovels, tin pans, etc., etc. ; also liquors and wines
of various kinds. These last, on account of ship, A. &
C. Cunningham, and S. F. Wyman, of Boston.
Closing up our wants, we sailed on the 28th of October,
1848, direct for the golden fields, having as passengers
D. A. Chever and a Mr. Vaughan, the latter having
visited California before, and intending to make it his
home ; my foremast hands being six boys, each having
made one voyage to taste the pleasures of sea-sickness.
Owing to heavy easterly weather for fourteen days, we
made but little headway, and the passage to the line was
long. But here I was pleased to learn we were not the
only one on long time, as also to see we were not to be left
in the rear, as the slow coach of a large southbound fleet,
which was pleasant to view as they dropped astern. And
from latitude six degrees north to thirty-five degrees south
we came up with and passed thirty-six sail on the same
course as the "Mary & Ellen."
In our run to the south, an incident occurred, the like
of which, I think, was never logged before. We were
under double reefs, with an ugly short sea, and a strong
breeze a little forward of the starboard beam, the "Mary
& Ellen" more under water than above. The second
mate, from the starboard bow, struck a porpoise, and
127
about the same time the brig made a dive and the por-
poise was taken on board between the lee cat and knight
heads, and landed by the windlass, greatly enraged with
the wild leap he had made ; and had it not been for this it
would have been impossible to save him.
Soon after leaving home, Mr. Proctor had a running
sore break out on the end of his forefinger, right hand,
with which, and a consumptive cough of old standing, he
gently passed from us, and, mourned and lamented by all,
under the usual sea forms his remains were committed to
ocean's blue tomb, with the long waves of Cape Horn
majestically rolling over his once manly form.
With short detention off the Cape, and a full share of
adverse and light winds, we arrived at San Francisco at
three P. M., March 28, 1849. A show of the elephant
was soon on board, the display of golden eggs from the
pockets,of land-sharks, and their glowing stories of big
lumps setting my boys in a high fever for the gold fields.
The second night in, my second mate and three of the
boys stole the long boat and ran. The next morning,
finding my boat on the beach, and a shark from a den a
few rods off by her, I informed him the boat was mine.
He replied, "all right. I want forty-five dollars for
picking her up." Believing his demand for lying over
large, I proceeded to the office of the Alcade, and stating
the case to him, he said, "You must pay it; there is no
law here to help you." I took his advice, paid it, and
went on my way rejoicing that the squeeze was no heav-
ier. Seeing I should soon be left without help, my mate
having taken his ticket of leave, I increased the cook's
pay to three hundred dollars per month, and that of the
boys to two hundred and fifty.
My salable cargo was soon disposed of; and that por-
tion not of ready sale I concluded to take up to Oregon,
128
and put up several notices for passengers. Three were
soon on the list, one of them a Judge Pratt. I was now
in want of men. But, owing to the sharks fitting them
out, and sending them to the mines for a stated time, and
receiving one-half of their diggings for the outfit, it was
very difficult to find them ready to move from the golden
scenes that surrounded their movements ; and knowing
they were masters of the situation, they had become very
independent and exacting in their notions. Running foul
of two or three hard looking coons, I hove aback with,
"My men, do you wish to ship?" "I don't know, what
is the wages?" "Three hundred dollars per month."
" We can do better than that ; how are we to live ?" "On
usual ship fare, and have all you can eat." " That won't
do. If we go we must have ham, eggs, butter, soft tack
and canned meats, and all the liberty we want while in
port." Not wishing to submit to furnishing so goldish
and gouty a bill of fare, I hauled off to think the matter
over. But having an unexpected call from Ross, Benton
& Co., to purchase the "Mary & Ellen" for the same
voyage, I sold to them for fifteen thousand dollars in gold
dust, and, disposing of a few articles to Mr. Pratt, the
balance of the cargo was stored on the beach, at one
dollar a barrel per month. At this time, for want of in-
side room, outside storage was large ; and although show-
ing every kind of merchandise, not the first article was
ever molested. Cost of landing about twelve dollars per
ton, and in some instances largely over this figure. Also
freight to Sacramento on flour six dollars per barrel, and
to Stockton I paid thirty-six dollars on four barrels of
pork.
On the 17th of April I made a shipment of gold dust
to J. W. Peele, which I believe will prove to be the first
on Salem account from that place.
129
On the first of June I was very pleasantly surprised by
a call from Capt. Perkins and Mr. Peabody, they having
just arrived in the "Eliza" from Salem. Information and
assistance were given to them to forward their movements
in pushing up to Sacramento. By request of my friends,
I was to breakfast with them on Sunday morning. On
my way to where I was to take the boat, I met Lieut.
Blair, of old acquaintanceship, and at this time master of
the schooner "Sagadahoc," and running up the Sacramento.
Knowing he was well acquainted with the river, and must
be a good pilot, I invited him to go on board with me.
He did so, and it was arranged between the three parties
that he should take the ship up, and, as I understood it,
was to be accompanied by the schooner, and, in case the
"Eliza" mudded at any time, was to be relieved by her.
Without loss of time the "Eliza" was off, my friends de-
lighted at what they had seen of the elephant, and, I have
no doubt, rejoicing over the larger show in store for them.
In this movement up these beautiful inland waters, I think
they will head -the list as first vessel of the "Eliza" class
and draught that ever ascended the Sacramento river.
On board of the "Eliza" there were quite a number of
passengers. Several of these remaining in San Fran-
cisco pitched their tent in Happy Valley, where Mr. Jona-
than Nichols, stored as he was with fun and song, assisted
by his social and free hearted companions, made their
. quarters at all times inviting and pleasant. I was often
with them, and under evening's beautiful sky, did the
echo of good singing please the squatters that composed
the little beehive villages which dotted the valley, espe-
cially with "The Washbowl on my Knee," which was the
usual wind-up.
My affairs squared up, I took passage, in company with
Capt. N. Batchelder, of this city, on board the steamer
130
Oregon, Capt. B., about the first of July, for Panama,
passage per head two hundred and fifty dollars. The
third day out we were put upon ship-made water, right
from the receiving tanks, beautifully hot, and as rusty as
an old anchor of twenty years' use. This we thought to
be a dodge, by those interested, to force the sale of ale,
which now became large at one dollar per bottle. Our
table was also very scanty in supply ; and although we
touched at several places where water and supplies were
handy and plenty, not the first show of either was ob-
tained.
One knot more and we leave the Oregon, with her
lockers cleared out. On a line with our course, and well
to the south, lay a shoal which was not on the ship's
charts ; but on board were two passengers, a lieutenant
in the United States navy and a coast captain who were
well acquainted with the shoal, and by them Capt. B. was
informed of its existence and position. Of this little
notice was taken, and with a show of all confidence in a
clear sea before us, the ship under full power was driving
onward, ten to eleven miles per hour. The day was
pleasant, without sufficient air to ruffle the ocean's glassy
surface, when, about eleven P.M., the first officer playing
booby in an armchair, and the watch following his ex-
ample, while fortunately several cabin passengers were
still moving about the deck, one of them, an old ship-
master, both of steam and canvas, seeing the ship was
entering rippling water, jumped on the bridge, saw our
danger, and pulled the bell for a stern board. This saved
us, and although she struck quite heavily, she was soon
backed off, and saved from becoming a monument for
others in the line.
Arriving at Panama, mules and guides were chartered
for our passage across the isthmus. Moving in the morn-
131
ing, under a pouring plumb-down rain, and a Don Quix-
ote ride all day, by novel and narrow channels, through a
wild, varying and interesting scenery, we reached Gor-
gona late in the afternoon, in a very uncomfortable condi-
tion. And if, as the Feejee men say, sailors, from long
use of salt provisions, become too salt for good eating, it
was at this time most thoroughly soaked out. In the
morning, by canoes aud two or three boats, we descended
the river, which is small, and at nine P.M. arrived on
board the steamer " Crescent City, Capt. Stoddard, for
New York, stopping at Jamaica for supplies. Capt. B.
and myself reached home on Sunday morning, sometime
in August, and I believe showed the first golden lumps
brought into Salem from California ; as also two small
leather bags handed me in San Francisco, under a verbal
receipt, containing each one thousand dollars, one of which
was for a New Bedford lady, and one for a Mrs. Smith, of
Vineyard Haven. These were placed in the Commercial
Bank, until called for.
A JOURNAL OF THE REV. DANIEL SHUTE, D. D.,
CHAPLAIN IN THE EXPEDITION TO
CANADA IN 1758.
COMMUNICATED BY JAMES KIMBALL.
THE Rev. Daniel Shute was commissioned as chaplain
to a regiment of foot for the invasion of Canada, during
the "Old French War." Mr. Shute was the son of John
and Mary (Wayte) Shute and was born in Maiden, July
19, 1722. Graduated (Harvard) in class of 1743. Or-
dained as pastor over the Second Church in Hingham,
December 10, 1746, and relinquished his public labors in
March, 1799, but continued his pastoral relation until his
decease, which occurred August 30, 1802.
COPY OF COMMISSION.
THOMAS POWNALL, Esq r , Captain General
[SEAL] and Governour in chief in, and over his
Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts
Bay in New England, Vice Admiral of the
same, etc.
/
To DANIEL SHUTE, M. A. Greeting. Reposing espe-
cial Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty, Piety and
Learning, I do, by these presents, Constitute and appoint
you the said Daniel Shute, to be Chaplain of a Regiment
of Foot commanded by Colonel Joseph Williams, raised
by me for a general Invasion of Canada.
You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge
132
133
the Duty of a Chaplain to the said Regiment in all things
appertaining thereunto, Observing such Orders and In-
structions as you shall from time to time receive from
your Colonel or any other Superiour Officer, for which
this shall be your Warrant.
Given tinder my hand and Seal at Arms at Boston the
thirteenth of March, 1758. In the Thirty first year of hi&
Majesty's Reign. T. POWNALL.
By his Excellency r s Command,
A. OLIVER, Sec.
1758. May 20. About 11 o clock A.M. took leave of
home, arrived at Boston at 5 o clock P.M.
31. Set out from Boston with Lieut Col Twing be-
tween 9 & 10 o clock A.M. Found Col. Williams and
others at Waltham j arrived at Worcester 9 o clock at
night. We had the pleasure of riding in y e rain all day.
Lodged at Col. Chandler's.
June 1. Very rainy, tarried at Worcester all day,
dined at Col Gardner Chandler's.
2. The rain continued, remained at Worcester all
day, where we were very generously entertained by Col
Chandler's lady.
3. Dull weather in y* morning. Took leave of y e Col's
lady, and went forward, had a very pleasant day, soaked
with a heavy rain in y e edge of y e evening, before we
could reach y e Tavern in Cold Spring where we lodged.
4. Sunday. Prayed with Cap* Butterfield's Company
before we left our lodgings. Travelled about 3 miles,
and met Maj Arbuthnot who informed us our Regiment
was at Hatfield ; arrived at Hadley between 1 & 2 o clock,
dined with y e Major ; attended publick exercise P. M.
with Col. Williams, after which went over to Hatfield,
found y e Regiment well and in high spirits. Lodged at
Col Israel Williams.
(10)
134
5. The Col spent the day chiefly in administering y e
Oath, to y e Officers. (A leaf of the 'journal missing.)
11. Sunday. Preached at Pontoosuck in y e Fort be-
longing to Col William Williams which is y e only house
inhabited in y e place ; near twenty families having moved
away for fear of y e Indians.
12. Found very bad bread here, 'tho the poor sol-
dier had been encouraged to take that which was scarce
fit to eat at Hatfield, under the promise of having good
new bread at Pontoosuck ; obliged to take part in stores
for y e greater expedition of y e 2^ Battalion in our Regi-
ment. Had orders to march by Division, in separate
Companies, some went off about 8 o clock, y* last about
11 o clock. We set out about 12, and dined at Guttridges
Fort, 5 miles from Col Williams. P. M. marched about
10 miles, and encamped with Capt Wards Company.
13. Marched at 6 o clock A.M. Dined at the half-
way house so called from Kenderhook to Albany, arrived
at Greenbush at 4 o clock P.M., upon y e bank of y e river
right opposite to Albany.
N. B. The greater part of y e way our Troops marched
from Hatfield to Greenbush is inexpressibly bad, and
y e greater part of our Regiment at present, what with y e
badness of y e way, and what with y e badness of y e bread
appear to be unfit for duty.
Just at night I ventured over to Albany in company
with Col Williams & Maj Arbuthnot, was conducted
where I was assured there was no danger of taking the
Small Pox, which is in five or six places in y e City.
Returned, and lodged at y e Tavern kept by a widow
Lummis.
14. Wednesday. Moved my Quarters to Mr Witbeek.
Brother Ben arrived.
15. Thursday. He took a vomit being much oppressed
135
at y e stomach. Arras were brought over from Albany
for our Regiment. A cool day, at night very cold for
the season.
16. Fryday. First discovered my horse was gone out
of Col Renselaar's pasture, much fatigued in looking for
him. Sent a party of men after him.
17. Still in quest of my Horse.
18. Sunday. Preached to y e Reg*, from Gen. 28 Ch
20. 21 vs. No exercise P. M. y e time spent in prepara-
tion to march y e next morning.
19. Monday. Paid for five days board at Mr Witbeek's
two dollars nearly. the Reg*, marched A. M. I went
up y e River in a Battoe with the Baggage, arrived at y e
Flats between 2 & 3 o clock P. M. ; lodged at Mr Van
Burin's. In y e evening paid Col 1 . J Williams 1 : 15 s . 4 d .
my exact proportion of travelling expenses from Boston
to Greenbush. (N B Col 8 Williams and Twing, had
each a waiter maintained out of y e common stock from
Hatfield and generously treated Officers they fell in com-
pany with)
20. Returned from Mr Van Burins at y e flats, by
water with Col Williams to Greenbush.
21. Went over to Albany to wait on y e Col 1 ., who gave
leave I should tarry behind to wait y e arrival of my
Chest, and went himself to join his Reg* at y e Flats, took
lodgings at Mr. John Lansing's in y e City much indis-
posed. Lodged with Mr. K-h-h.
22. Much recruited. P. M. went over to Greenbush.
saw Capt J Wh-t-g. Heard our Reg* were ordered to
Schenactady.
23. At Albany waiting for my chest.
24. Still at Albany ; wrote several letters home. Very
hot.
25. Sunday. Went over to Greenbush. Heard Mr.
136
Pomroy preach from Deut. 32.-29. Mr. Little P.M.
from Nahum 1.-7. At night returned to Albany.
26. Kainy. Went to see Mr. Spencer in y e City indis-
posed. Waited upon Mr. Pomeroy at my lodgings.
27. Went to Schenactady in company with Doct Fair-
field arrived at about 6 o clock P. M. Lodged at y e Rev.
Mr. Vroman's.
28. Took lodgings at Mr. Isaac Truax's.
29. Prayer at 5 o clock in y e morning. P. M. drank
tea at Mr. Langley's an English gentleman at Schenec-
tady.
30. Spent some time in retirement.
1758. July 1.
A letter from Brig dr . General Stanwix to Col Williams,
informing, that he must in a few days march his Reg 1 up
y e Mohawk River, to y e great carrying place, about 60
miles above the German Flats, and to carry with him two
months provisions, artillery, & ammunition, in Battoes
prepared for y e purpose, which destination has given
great uneasiness to y e Reg*. and not less to y e Officers
than to y e Privates.
2. Sunday. Had two exercises in y e Meeting House,
the first began at 12 o clock, the second at 4. Preached
from Ex. 23 : 20. 21. Drank tea with Mr. Langley.
July 3. Col Williams went to Albany to wait upon
General Stanwix, for redress of some difficulties, and for
further supplies of Arms, Tents, etc. Dined at Esq r .
Sanders. Green of Braintree broke out with the Small
Pox in the barracks. Removed.
4. A Negro fellow removed upon the same account.
Dined with Domine Vrooman, Predicant, in Schenec-
tady, in Height 6 feet 4 inches & , and every way
large in proportion : Preaches without notes with little
Premeditation. Explains a Text A. M. and preaches
137
Divinity in y c afternoon as he has bin please'd to inform
me several Times. The People here attend their publick
religious exercises with great Devotion. In morals they
are not so exact.
5. General Abircrombie with 18,000 Troops imbarked
in 1100 Battoes, and 300 Whale boats for Ticonderoga
with some artillery.
7. Lauded without opposition y e French retreating
but soon returned and made some opposition, in which
skirmish y e brave Lord Howe was killed. Their Number
uncertain, said to be from 3 to 600. They were easily
repulsed with y e loss of but few on our side, by report
40 killed and wounded. On y e side of the Enemy 160
taken, and y e greater part of y e rest cut off. Upon Lord
Howe being slain the whole army were halted, and
July 7. lay still upon y e same account. But 18000
men not able to bring him to life. (My chest arrived at
Schenectada) .
July 8. The Gen 1 thought proper to attempt to force
y e Enemies entrenchments before y e fort, only with small
arms. In y e rash attempt, Killed 571. Wounded 1363.
Missing 34i The slain and wounded, chiefly Regulars,
who were in y e centre, the Provincials upon each wing in
y e attack.
It is reported by those on y e spot, that a Skirmish be-
tween our advanced Guard, and y e French advanced
Guard began very early this morning, ours consisted of
about 100 men ; y e Gen 1 suffered none to go to y e relief;
the skirmish ceased at 10 o clock, y e French retreating,
and a volley was fired from y e Entrenchment, when the
Gen 1 gave orders to march immediately and force y e En-
trenchment, but would allow no canon, 'tho eno' lay
handy. The engagement continued late in the afternoon.
Heard myself, Gen 1 Johnson declare to God, that when
138
Abircrombie mentioned to him his intention to retreat
to W Henry, he earnestly dissuaded him from it ; upon
which he was ordered with his Indians in y e evening to
march about 2 miles from y e Sawmill toward the Lake
where y e Battoes lay.
July 9. The Army returned to W Henry unpursued
by y e Enemy. So many Regular Officers were slain in
Battle a Council of War, it seems could not be held on
that side of the Lake. It is here confidently reported
that two 24 lb Cannon were ordered by an express from
sd Gen 1 , too this side of the lake to Fort Edward, and
ordnance stores from Albany stoped on road. Consum-
mate Prudence ; if y e French should beat our army from
y e Lake, y e Cannon would help them make a vigorous
stand at Fort Edward, and if obliged to abandon that;
warlike stores would be necessary at Albany
Preached all day in Schenactada Meeting House, y e
first exercise began at 11 o clock the second half after
three.
July 10. Three hundred of our Reg 1 went from Schen-
actada up Mohawk River with 60 Battoes loaded with
provisions under command of Maj Arbuthnot with an
escort guard com nd by Lieut Turner. Hear y e 2 Cannon
were bro't back no farther, than y e half way Brook.
11. Went over y e River with Mr Sanders to Col Glin's
Farm. N.B. 60 acres of wheat together and as many
of Peas.
July 12. The negro removed 4th Ins. had not y e Small
Pox. Another soldier removed under suspicion of having
it.
July 13 I wrote Deacon Gushing an ace* of y e Battle
at y e Narrows. The Dutch women are more laborious,
and dilligent than the men. The men depend most on
y e negroes to do y e work, and often get together with y e
139
Pipes especially Morning, and Evening, in y e Stupes
before their doors. The women the most distinguished
among them go in a loose dress, and all y e forenoon
without Stockings, and Shoes, about House to do y e busi-
ness. When dressed in y e afternoon their dress is loose
and y e Petticoat very short so as to show the greater part
of y e Legs.
July 14 Wrote to Deacon Gushing a letter to correct
the former. Predicant Vrooman with some of y e Quality
of y e Town attended Prayers in y e Fort in y e Evening.
July 15. Three o clock P. M. attended y e Funeral of
Mr Vrooman's Brother in Law. After the People were
collected who kept abroad, except the relatives of the
Deceased ; the Clerk proclaimed from y e Stupe before
the door, "If any where disposed to see y e Corpse they
might come in." But few from the many abroad went
in. the Corpse was soon brought out and laid upon the
Bier. The Coffin was made with a regular Taper from
head to foot. The top like a pitched roof of a house.
The relations to remote Cousins follow next y e Corpse
two, and two. The mourners all silent at the Grave.
All returned from y e Grave to y e house and drank wine
plentifully.
Sunday 16th. Preached in y e Meeting House. First
exercise about 12 o clock from Col. 1. 23. The second
at 3 o clock, from Jer. 23. 10.
July 17 Col Twing went to Albany to get arms, and
Cartouch Boxes
July 18 Brigadier Gen 1 Stanwix came to Schenactada.
July 19. Gen 1 Stanwix gave Orders, That Col Wil-
liams Regiment hold themselves in readiness to march to
morrow morning, and to carry 40 or 50 Battoes up y e
Mohawk River. About 11 o clock, came driving to Town,
and upon examining y e King's store, there was not pro-
140
visions Eno' to load 10 Battoes. P. M. New York
Troops arrived.
July 20 The Jersey & Rhode Island Reg ts came to
Schenactada.
July 21. Still at Sch a waiting for stores. The Dutch
here have a nasty practice of yarding their cows in y e
Street before their doors, and evry morning take y e dung
of y e Cattle into y e middle of y e street and throw ashes
and other dirt there.
July 22 Dined with Col T wing. Post Prandus.
Wrote to Mrs .
July 23. Sunday Mr Spencer, New York Chaplain,
preached 11 Chron 32 v. Gen 1 Stanwix and y e Regular
officers present. In his address to them acknowledged
their great goodness in coming to N. America with such
noble views, and the Disingenuity of y e people in failing
to make them grateful returns. And after discanting
awhile on their wonted Lenity in discipline, advised y m to
more vigorous measures to prevent deserting. Preached
to my own Reg 4 from Math 7. 13. 14.
July 24 Wrote to D n Gushing and others.
.July 25 The remains of Col Williams Reg u marched
from Schenactada 216 in all. Navigated 24 Battoes up
y e Mohawk river, the rest went as an escort guard. I
went aboard one of y e Battoes. helped sett with a Poll,
when we had rapid water, went about 7 miles, and En-
camped.
July 26. On board of Battoe. P.M. Col Williams went
aboard one. Had challenge to go with any, when ours
went by, with authority demanded of Capt Slocomb a
setting Poll, or two, delivered, encouraged our men
with y e promise of Grog, and beat him on y e second Trial,
went about 9 miles and encamped below Gen 1 Johnson's.
July 27. Fell between 2 Battoes and hurt my leg
141
badly. To day went about 7 miles and encamped. Lodged
with y e Colonel at Capt Funda's, an Indian Chief under
Gen Johnson, who treated us with great Generosity.
July 28. Worried along 13 miles to day and encamped
at Mr Fry's, y e water for 6 miles not rapid. At sunset a
Dutchman arrived he was shot at, about 2 miles above
Mohawk River.
July 29 Went about 11 miles. Should have got further
but detained by leaving a Battoe in y e morning where we
Encamped. The Col very fractious, worked hard to day.
Encamped very late opposite Fort Aurdrick. Many of y
Soldiers obliged to go without eating and lodged in y e
open Damp Air.
July 30. Sunday. Six miles arrived at y e little Car-
rying Place 12 o clock, about a mile over. Spent y e rest
of y e day in getting y e lading over. The Doctor and I
so lucky as to get ours over first. Pitched our tents and
enjoyed ourselves.
July 31. Lay at y e little Carrying preparing to move
forward. A.M. very rainy. Our Battoes not all over till
y e afternoon ; then waited for the Regulars to get theirs
over, who beged our Protection. Very much indisposed
with the D} F sentery.
August 1. Pushed off our Battoes at 7 o clock, reached
Fort Harkiman at 11 o clock. 6 miles and spent y e rest
of y e day in taking out stores. Encamped at y e West end
of the Fort, in daily expectation of being atacked here,
in y e forenoon fell a fine sleet.
Aug 2 d To day our Guard a mile and a half from the
River, about 3 o clock discovered a small smoke by y e
side of y e River in very thick woods. A man appeared
on y e Bank of y e River & suddenly disappeared, upon
which Suspicion arose in our minds, we were ambushed.
I went a shore with y e Col and Party to make discovery,
142
found y m a party of our Escort Guard, who had come
down to y e river, reached about 15 miles.
Aug 3 About 18 miles to day. Encamped at Col
Schuyler's Farm by some called y e great Indian Farms.
Five Guns fired at Duck, by y e Col & others in his Battoe.
Vastly imprudent so far advanced in an Enemies Country.
Finished y e Eggs bro't from home in my chest, all proved
good.
Aug 4. Met Maj. Arbuthnot going Express from y e
Fort to Gen 1 Stanwix, occasioned by information received
this morning from some Oneida Indians, that a Body of
French & Indians with Artillery would be upon them in
two or three days. About 4 o clock P.M. arrived at y e
great carrying place 12 miles from our last night' En-
campment. Not having time for y e Quarter Master to
lay outy e ground pitched our tents irregularly, near where
Fort William stood The Fort is now inclosed with Pal-
isades by y e New York troops, and lies at y e North end
of Fort Cravin burnt by Webb, which our people have
inclosed also with timber to secure themselves.
Aug 5. A. M. very rainy. Col Williams dined in
Fort Cravin. The rain ceased at 12 o'clock. The Col
came to y e Encampment about 5 o'clock P.M. was greatly
surprised we had not struck our Tents and pitched them
in regular form for which he had given no order.
Aug 6. Preaching appointed for this forenoon, but a
number of the Oneida Indians Tribe came in y e morning,
and declared a Body were three days ago at Oswaugagee,
it was tho't proper to omitt it, and spend y e day in clear-
ing away the brush, and tall weeds round y e Encamp-
ment. A Party went P.M. as far as Bulls Fort 4 miles
from hence no discoveries.
Aug 7 Went into y e Woods with hands to get Timber
to raise my Tent with. A scout of 18 men went out to
day.
143
Aug 8. Drawed Logs round y e Camp Brest-work. A
Party sent out and bro't in Lt Baron, who lost y e Party
of 18, he went with yesterday. Raised my Tent.
Aug 9. Our Reg* continued to surround y e Encamp-
ment with Logs. A Party of 12 men sent out on a scout ;
y e 18 returned made no discoveries. The Jersey Blue's
arrived at 12 o clock. P.M. Very rainy, our Camp noth-
ing but mire.
Aug 10. Nathaniel Stoddard died of the Dysentery,
about 2 o clock this morning, buried at 10. Dined with
Col Williams to day in Company with Mr Brainard, and
the first since I left Schenactada, and but once there, and
once with Col Twing. Gen 1 Stanwix arrived at the Great
Carrying Place. Bradstreet also.
Aug 11. A considerable frost y 8 morning. Very hot
in y e middle of y e day wrote to my Father. P M. Went
to see Col Doty's Reg*, my heart was grieved to find y e
men so greatly fatigued, and nothing comfortable to take.
No Sutler, no Doctor, no Chaplain with them. The sev-
eral Col 18 , on y c spot advised with. Notwithstanding y e
opposition made chiefly by Col Williams, a Detachment
made from y e several Reg te to go forward under y e com-
mand of Col Bradstreet, where is not disclosed, supposed
to be Cataraugue, alias Frontinack viz
Regulars 155 Col Williams 432
Rangers 60 " Dotey 243
New York 1,112 Artillery 20
Rhode Island 318 Battoe Men 270
Jersey's 412 Indians 70
Total 3092 men.
N. B. The Reg ts on y e spot very much broken Doty's
between 4 & 500. Rhode Island about 600 &c &c.
Aug 12 The detachment made, next day Sunday, but
no preaching. The day spent in making preparation
144
for y e March, in carrying Battoes, whale boats & Provis-
ions over Morass Creek, about a mile from where Fort
Cravin stood, to a Fort built with Pallisades called Fort
Newport.
Aug 14 The command under Col Bradstreet March
A.M. Maj Arbuthnot desired me to note, that he had
left some money and other things in the hands of Mr.
Camel, or Campbell, merchant in Schenactada. His
Papers, Orders, &c., with H Arbuthnot; and in case he
sho'd not return to inform his wife. Lt Peek with a Party
joined the Reg*.
Aug 15 Very rainy. wrote to Dea Cushing, Doct
Tufts &c.
Aug 16 The Troops under com d of Col Bradstreet
marched from Fort Newport.
Aug 17 The Gen 1 refused to let any sick of our Keg 1
go home.
Aug 18 Doct Fairfield, and I spent y e day in moving
Tents to y e eminence where y e Fort is designed to be
built, and on y e next day y e Reg* moved the Encampment
to y e same Place.
Aug 20. Sunday. No preaching. All y e troops on
y e spot imployed. y e rain prevented an Exercise which
was to have begun at 6 o clock. Dined with Col Delancey
Aug 21. Drank Tea with Mr Braiuard.
Aug 22 Very Hot. Spent y e day in getting timber
for my tent.
Aug 23 Last night went y e Rounds with Col Williams
or rather at three o clock this morning. Very hot. Gen 1
Stanwix received confirmation of the reduction of Lou-
isburgh. between 12 and 1 o clock, discharged 21 Can-
non, and all y e Troops gave 3 huzza's.
Aug 24 Cut my foot. Died a Soldier of Capt Butter-
field's named
145
Aug 25. Drank tea with Mrs Brainard. Capt Eb
W t g. with 36 privates joined us. Benj Hubbard of
Capt Slocomb's died at 10 o clock at night.
Aug 26 Drank tea with Miss J r & B d at Col
Williams Tent. Lodged in my new Tent. Very hot.
Aug 27 Sunday. Suprized much with a Report deliv-
ered with an air of certainty, that there had bin lately
a terrible Earthquake in New England by w'h, much
damage was done to Buildings, and many people killed
& half Charlestown swallowed up. Upon inquiry found
no reason to depend on s'd Report.
The Reg* all at work, & on Guard. After work at
night preached a short discourse from 1 Chron 16. 31 v.
being y e first Sabbath after y e Confirmation of y e reduction
of Louisburgh. began Exercise about f after 6 o clock.
Aug 28. Very Hot. Spent y e afternoon with Capt Eb
W y, and several Regular's Officers. At sunset a very
smart shower, and heavy Thunder, high wind, and hard
raiu in y e night, lay dry in my new wooden tent. Others
very much soaked in their Osombrige Tents
Aug 29. Cool after y e Thunder.
" 30 Very cold last night. reed several letters
from friends at Hingham.
Aug 31 Pleasant Wrote to Dea Gushing & Mrs
Gardner. hear that Win Gold a Negro of Capt Slo-
comb's Co died at y e little carrying place returning home.
September 1. Had opportunity early this morning to
send y e letters wrote yesterday. P.M. Nathaniel Gardner
died.
Sept 2. By an Express to Gen 1 Stanwix heard y e news
.of y e reduction of St Male's. At 12 o clock discharged
the cannon here, and y e Troops gave 3 huzza's. Dined
with Col Williams on Salt Fish, after dining at home on
Roast Beef. .'- "
146
Sept 3. Sunday. Wrote Dea Gushing of Nath 1 Gard-
ners death. Spent y e day in my Tent. Just about Sunset
arrived two Indians with letters from Officers with Col
Bradstreet & Party informing of y e r duction of Cata-
roqui or Frontinac. The news rec d with great joy in
the Camp, 21 Cannon discharged and 3 huzza's given be-
fore dark, concluded with throwing several shells from
a small mortar.
Sept 4. Doct Fairfield very sick. Very rainy night.
" 5 In the morning y e Small Pox discovered on a
man in the Hospital. Upon examination by Doct Norton,
of the York forces, judged it had already turned, by a
constant purging had bin prevented filling so as to be
observed, 'tho a few appeared full, but y e most were
flatted He was immediately moved at a distance from y e
Encampment, had bin in the Hospital two days, I must
therefore have bin much exposed as well as others to take
y e distemper, as I visited the sick in y e Hospital, and
prayed with them while he was there, at night took a
Mercurial Pill.
Sept 6. Obtained the Col 8 consent to go to Schenactada,
if I could get an opportunity ; at a stand whether to go,
or stay. Upon mature tho't, and advice of friends,
Judge it to be most prudent to go.
Sept 7. By Col ls Delancy & Glazier advised not to go ;
may a Wise and Good Providence direct me: deter-
mined if an opportunity sho d seasonably present to im-
brace it, if not to make myself easy here. Just at night
Lieut Tuckerman, with a party in Battoes arrived from
Schenactada, and unexpectedly ordered by the Gen 1 to go
back to morrow.
Sept 8. Battoes detained till to morrow to carry letters
from Col Bradstreet, who arrived yesterday from Bull's
Fort, 4 miles hence, where he ordered his Party to halt
147
and divide y e Plunder taken at Frontinack, and come
himself to Camp this afternoon.
Sept 9. At one o clock Saturday left the Oneida Sta-
tion come in a Battoe with L* Tuckerman. Observed the
leaves begin to fall from y e Trees by y e river side, chiefly
from y e Oy 1 Nutt tree. Came 13 miles and Encamped at
y e great Indian Fields, encamped y e sooner, for y e sake
of the sick, 30 of whom we had with us
Sept 10 Very rainy last night. Sweat plentifully in
my Tent. Rose this morning at 3 o clock, ordered a fire
struck up. prepared something comfortable for y e sick,
took breakfast, and on board our Battoes an hour before
sunrise ; just before sunsett arrived at y e little Carrying
Place. 53 miles to day.
Sept 11. Sett out about 11 o clock, and thankful that I
could have Soldiers to bring my chest over, for we could
not obtain a wagon. at 1 o clock, got down Fort Heuer-
ick at 3 o clock halted at Mr Jacob Oels, a chh Min-
ister, took refreshment, and lodged there, treated with
hospitality, and for me nothing to pay next morning 14
miles
Sept 12 Sett off 6 o clock in the morning, 7 at night
arrived at Schenactada 46 miles. N. B. The distances
I mention running down the river, more certain than those
going up.
Sept 13 Went to y e Barracks very early this morning
to take care of y e sick bro't with us, Spent chief of y e
day with Mr Hitchcock. Drank tea with Mr Saunders.
at night took 8 grains of Calomel, agreeable to direction
from Doct Norton, preparatory to having y e Small Pox.
Sept 14 The Bolus taken last night operated very
gently this morning, about 10 o clock took a portion of
Cream of Tartar, operated well
Sept 15. Rested very well last night, and feel better
143
to day than did yesterday or y e day before. This after-
noon secured a place to have y e Small Pox in, with a
very clever family, and at a proper remove from y e Main
Street in Town. The Man, Landlord Truax's Son, his
wife the Daughter of the former Minister of this Place.
Every thing at present takes place as I could desire for
wch I hope I'm not ungratefull to a kind Providence,
at night took 8 grains of Calomel
Sept 16. The Mercury taken last night operated kindly
this A.M. at 10 took Cream of Tartar. P.M. Mr Spencer
Chaplain of the New York forces, arrived here from the
Oneida Station Indisposed.
Sept 17. Sunday. Rested well last night except being
chilly awhile, after first going to bed, and free from any
symptoms of Small Pox this morning. Heard Mr Hitch-
cock preach all day. 1st Discourse from y e 76 Ps. 7v
2 d Discourse from y e 139 Ps. 23 & 24 verses. Spent y e
fore part of y e Evening at Mr Saunders.
Sept 18 Very well this morning. Wrote to Dea Gush-
ing my Father & Mrs Gardner by Serj' Lincoln.
About 10 o clock, my head began to ache, and continued
with a pain in my Arm till 5 o clock P. M., which, as I
had no pain in my Back, I did not conclude to be Sympt-
omatical of y e Small Pox, but the effect of some cold taken
by carelessness in y e use of Mercury. Spent y e afternoon
with MrH k k. & Mr Spencer!
Sept 19 Had an uneasy Night from Pain in my Neck
and between my shoulders wch continues this morning,
but am free from pain in my Head and Back. About 11
o clock came on a dulness in my Head. P. M. Dulness
continues, and at times sensible of Dizziness, especialy
if attempted to read. felt better, in y e evening. Per-
ceived an Eruption on my thigh this morning could hardly
get my feet warm by y e fire, before I went to bed.
149
Sept 20 Very chilly and cold last night after I got to
Bed. Slept comfortably, waked in the morning in a
gentle sweat; my Pains in great measure removed, found
an eruption on my left wrist, simular to that on my thigh,
and said by my Landlord's wife to look like y e Small Pox.
Doctor Grafton of the New York Forces, and used to In-
noculation of the contrary opinion. Sent the letters I
wrote last night to Col Williams at y e Oneida Station p r
Col Doane. As I went to bed last night, drank some warm
"Phlip."
Sept 21 The "Phlip" I took last night, gave free perspi-
ration, rested well, and felt better this morning, then for
several days past. Spent y e Evening abroad
Sept 22. Rested pretty well, but hot and feverish part
of y e night, still troubled with dizziness in my head.
Had my Horse brought up and shod, and took a ride in
the afternoon. Spent the evening with Mr Hitchcock,
came to my Lodgings about 9 o clock. Dizziness in my
head increased, burnt very much after abed, and no rest
for two, or three hours.
Sept 23 Much better this morning, but very little of
y e disagreable sensation in my head, by which am ready
to conclude my Disorder, a sort of a fever was at its cri-
sis last night. . . . My conclusions I find to be very
false. Dizziness in my Head before noon came on to a
greater degree. In y e beginning of y e evening taken
with a violent pain in my head, & y e small of my Back
and a high fever. The Disorder was of y e nervous kind. 1
Oct. 6. Went abroad being a very pleasant day. Ven-
tured as soon as I tho't it safe, that I might be y e sooner
ready to go home, took no cold.
1 From the 23d of September to the 6th of October there is no. entry
in his Journal. It would seem that he was down with the Small Pox,
although he makes no entry to that effect.
(11)
150
Oct r . 7. Better, rode out; in y e evening, had a visit
from Mr. Frelinghussen, Dutch Minister of Albany.
Oct r . 8. Sunday. Rode out in y e forenoon & afternoon
had a high fever from 3 o clock to 7. Slept pretty well.
Mr Frelinghussen to see me.
Oct 9. Much better, rode out tho' cloudy dull wether.
Oct 10. A very dull day, or should have sett out for
Albany.
Oct 11. About 12 o clock left Schenactada. Stoped
an hour at Mr John Lansing's, at Albany, and took some
refreshments, finding myself a little recruited, crossed the
River at sunset lodged at Mr .Witbeak's. But little
sleep.
Oct 12 Waited for Brother Ben, till 12 o clock. took
dinner and set out for Kenderhook, rode about 4 miles,
and happily overtook Mr Martin of Cambridge bound
home: Stoped at y e half way house, and while there
Broth er Amos came up much indisposed, give him some
refreshment, advised him to tarry 'till Ben came up, and
being too ill myself to tarry went forward with company,
arrived at y e Mills in Kenderhook sun an hour high,
20 miles, rested something better.
Oct 13. This morning on Horse back, by sun an hour
high. Went to the Stone House to breakfast, 9 miles,
arrived at Sheffield 28 miles from Kenderhook. lodged
at Brigadier Dwight's. Rested still better.
Oct 14 A rainy morning, and continued raining 'till
about 3 o clock P. M. when I set out with Mr Martin;
travelled about 5 miles, and obliged by y e rain to put up,
lodged at Mr Dana's
Oct 15 On Horse back by sunrise ; took breakfast at
Chadwick's 4 miles. Entered the "Green-woods" at 9
o clock, bad travelling after y e rain, got thro 2 o clock. (y e
wood 18 miles.) Took refreshment at Roots 30 miles
151
from Sheffield, continued our Journey to Springfield 21
miles, arrived at 7 o clock. lodged at Mr Hitchcock's
Fathers.
Oct 16. Set out from Springfield about 11 o clock :
at night lodged at Mr Jones of Western.
Oct 17 Got my Horse shod at Mr Padocks near Mr
Jones's Showery day. at night lodged at Mr Roberts of
Liecester. thundered in y e evening.
Oct 18 Clear cool morning. Exchanged my horse Dan 1
Lynde for a young mare, gave a Johannas to boot, took
some refreshment at Mr McCarty's at 3 o clock. lodged
at Mr Cushings of Shrewsbury.
Oct 19 Pleasant Morning. Lodged at Mr Cushing's.
Waltham.
Oct 20 9 o clock took leave of Mr Gushing. 1 o clock
dined with Col Williams wife. got home about 8 o clock
in y e Evening.
INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE BURIAL-GROUNDS OF
MARBLEHEAD, MASS.
COLLECTED BY PERLEY DERBY ; SALEM, MASS., SEPT., 1873.
Watson Street burial-ground.
ADAMS, Lois, wife of Capt. Joseph and dau. of Benj. and Lydia Bow
den. June 3, 1800, aged 21 yrs., 15 d.
" SARAH P., wife of William B., and dau. of John Pedrick.
Aug. 28, 1838, aged 47 yrs.
ALLEN, MARY, dau. of William and Mary. Oct. 18, 1807, aged 16.
ASHTON, SAMUEL, son of Samuel and Elizabeth. May 17, 1802, aged
20 yrs., 11 m.
ATKINS, EEBECCA L., wife of John. Aug. 20, 1855, aged 32 yrs.
BALLARD, SAMUEL, H., son of Elisha and Elizabeth. Aug. 6, 1833,
aged 21 yrs., 10 m., 6 d.
BARKER, MARTHA, wife of Capt. Thomas. Feb. 17, 1822, aged 71 yrs.,
3m., 8 d.
" ELIZABETH, dau. of Capt. Thomas and Martha. Feb. 15,
1798, aged 12 yrs., 8 m.
" KUTH, wife of Capt. John. Jan. 8, 1817, aged 98 yrs., 7 m.
BARTLETT, FAITHFUL. Jan. 10, 1748-9, 66th yr.
" BETHIAH HOOPER, dau. of Faithful and Ann. June 21, 1742,
35th yr.
BASIETT, MICHAEL. Sept. 30, 1820, aged 66.
" TABITHA, wife of Michael. May 15, 1798, aged 41.
" JOSEPH, son of Michael and Tabitha. Jan. 30, 1779, aged
3m.
" NANCY P., dau. of Michael and Tabitha. Jan. 16, 1780, aged
5 wks.
" JOHN, son of Michael and Tabitha. Apr. 27, 1785, aged 1.
BEAL, MARY. Oct. 14, 1832, aged 74.
BESSOM, KUTH, wife of Capt. Philip. June 3, 1794, aged 31 yrs., 5 m.
152
153
BESSOM, HANNAH, dau. of Capt. Philip and Ruth. Oct. 20, 1795, aged
5 yrs., 11 m., 18 d.
" JOHN R., son of Philip and Betsy. Apr. 6, 1810, aged 2
yrs., 11 m.
BLACKLER, NANCY, dau. of Capt. William and Rebecca. Nov. 22,
1800, aged 17.
" LUCY, wife of Capt. John C., and dau. of Richard and Lucy"
Harris. Apr. 2J, 1803, aged 20.
BLANCHFIELD, HANNAH, wife of Oliver and dau. of Capt. Wm. and
Mary Pedrick. Aug. 2, 1827, aged 42.
BLANEY, ELIZABETH, dau. of Joseph and Elizabeth. March 31, 1729,
aged 8 yrs., 2 m., 17 d.
" HANNAH, dau. of Joseph and Elizabeth. Apr. 1, 1729, aged
6 yrs., wanting 43 days.
" JOSEPH, son of Joseph and Elizabeth. Apr. 22, 1729, aged
10 m.. 22 d
ERRATUM. -On page
152, line 4, for Watson read Mugford.
..,, _^. J.I.UY. 41, IBUO, aged 27.
" NATHAN, Esq. Aug. 9, 1837, aged 85.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Nathan, Esq. May 18, 1797, aged 36.
" MARY, wid. of Nathan, Esq. May 21, 1838, aged 81.
BRADSTREET, Rev. SIMON, pastor of 2d ch. 33 yrs. Oct. 5, 1771, aged
63 yrs.
" MARY, wife of Rev. Simon. Oct. 18, 1768, aged 51.
" [ ]Y- tr. 22, 1762, aged [ ] y., 7m., 16 d.
BRAY, Capt. EDMUND. May 27, 1858, aged 89.
" EDMUND, son of Capt. Edmund and Sally, at sea, buried on
the Island of Java. Aug. 20, 1835, aged 36.
" SARAH, dau. of Knott P. and Mary. Sept. 13, 1851, aged 3
yrs., 1 m.
BROUGHTON, NICHOLSON, Esq. Aug. 3, 1798, aged 73 yrs., 7 m.
" SARAH, wife of Major Nicholson, and dau. of Joseph and
Sarah Pedrick. June 18, 1793, aged 62 yrs., 9 m.
" SUSANNA, wife of Capt. Nicholson, and 3d dau. of John
Glover. Sept. 9, 1796, aged 29 yrs., 6 m.
" FREDERICK, 5th son of Capt. Nicholson. Oct. 31, 1820, aged
19 yrs., 4 m.
154
BROWN, HANNAH, wife of Joseph. Feb. 16, 1805, 27th yr.
" ABIGAIL, wife of William P. Jan. 4, 1817, aged 37.
" MARY ABIGAIL, dau. of William P. and Abigail. June 12,
1818, aged 18 m.
" EGBERT, son of William P. and Abigail. Feb. 5, 1821, aged
6 yrs., 4 m.
BUBIER, MARY, wife of Peter. Aug. 28, 1768, aged 24 yrs., 7 m.
" SARAH, dau. of Peter and Mary. Aug. 8, 1781, aged 18.
" TABBA T., wife of John, U.*S. Navy. Oct. 16, 1822, aged
30; also their twin daughters.
CHIPMAN, ELIZABETH, wid. of John, Esq. June 17, 1785, aged 62.
COURTIS, REBECCA, wid. of Francis. Jan. 16, 1813, aged 43.
CRAW, GEORGE CLARK, son of Philip and Elizabeth. Aug. 23, 1799,
aged 5 yrs., 5 m.
DAVIS, SARAH, wife of Thomas. Sept. 6, 1797, aged 47 yrs., 1 m.,
21 d.
DENNIS, ABIGAIL, wife of William and dau. of Nicholas and Susanna
Quiner. Nov. 3, 1818, aged 27 yrs., 1 m., 7 d.
DEVEREUX, JOHN, only child of Joseph and Lydia. Jan. 3, 1788, aged
39 yrs., 6 m.
" MARY, wife of John and 2d dau. of Nicholson Broughton,
Esq. Oct. 26, 1796, aged 41.
" MARY, 2d dau. of John and Mary. May 6, 1828, aged 49.
" SARAH, 4th " " " " " Feb. 15, 1855, aged 71
yrs., 8 m.
" JOSEPH, after an illness of 16 yrs. Feb. 20, 1796, aged 70
yrs., 5 m.
" SUSANNA, wid. of Joseph. Mar. 19, 1823, aged 93.
" JOHN 3d. Dec. 14, 1812, aged 36.
" JOSEPH N., son of John 3d, died on board ship Asia, four
days from Batavia, and buried in Straits of Gasper.
Oct. 4, 1836, aged 26.
" MEHITABLE, wife of Capt. Nicholas B., and eldest dau. of
Thomas and Mehitable Cloutman. June 24, 1828, aged
43 yrs., 7 m., 8 d.
" MARY BROUGHTON, youngest dau. of Capt. Nicholas B. and
Mehitable. July 19, 1828, aged 6 m., 19 d.
DISSMORE, BETSY, wife of Thomas. Dec. 31, 1828, aged 25 yrs., 5 m.,
17 d.
DOLLIVER, WILLIAM, son of Thomas and Sarah. Dec. 18, 1815, aged
32.
FARRER, Capt. TIMOTHY, b. May 15, 1783, d. June 19, 1820.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Capt. Timothy, b. June 27, 1777, d. April
12, 1847.
FELTON, POLLY, wife of John, and a child. Feb. 24, 1822, aged 32.
FULLER, JOHN, son of James and Mary. Dec. 26, 1777, aged 6 wks.
" MARY, clau. " " " Sept. 6, 1784, aged 1 year,
2 m., 15 d.
" JAMES PRINCE, son of James and Mary. Mar. 26, 1787, aged
11 yrs., 7 m., 2f d.
" MARY, wife of Thomas. Oct. 22, 1803, aged 37.
GAIL, SAMUEL, son of Capt. Samuel and Mary. Nov. 2, 1787, aged 25
yrs., 2 m., 8 d.
GALLISON [ ] wife of Capt. John (tomb). Nov. 24, 1754, aged [ ].
GATCHELL, JEREMIAH. Feb. 25, 1749, aged 70.
" JUDITH, wid. of Jeremiah. Feb. 24, 1750, aged 71.
GIRDLER, SARAH, dau. of Capt. Lewis and Sarah. Mar. 17, 1795, aged
7d.
" SARAH, dau. of Capt. Lewis and Sarah. July 15, 1797, aged
13 m., 19 d.
" MARY, wife of Robert. July 28, 1801, aged 76 yrs., 8 m.
s " Capt. ROBERT. Apr. 17, 1847, aged 85.
" JOSEPH. Jan. 2, 1849, aged 59.
C " Miss MARGARET. Apr. 7, 1849, aged 89.
GLOVER, PATTY, wife of Samuel. Dec. 1, 1786, aged 17 yrs., 8 m.
GREEN, HULDAH, wid. of Darius and dau. of William and Deborah
Waitt. Feb. 27, 1807, aged 66.
HANSEN, Mr. LARS, Erected in memory of, who was born in Arendath,
Norway, 1761, d. Marblehead, Feb. 24, 1788, aged 27.
" Her under Weter
Den salige ung6 Karl
Lars Hansen Fod
Arendath Norg6 adret 1761
Dod. Marblehead the
24 Februari 1788."
HARRIS, RICHARD, Esq. July 14, 1790, aged 52.
" ANN, 1st wife of Richard, Esq. May 31, 1770, aged 27.
" LUCY, 2d " " " " Oct. 13, 1790, aged 41.
" LUCY, eldest dau. of Richard, Esq., and Lucy. Mar. 20,
1780, aged 8 yrs., 8 m.
" KATHERINE, dau. of Richard, Esq., and Lucy. May 9, 1791,
aged 12 m.
156
HARRIS, ANNE BRADSTREET, dau. of Richard, Esq., and Lucy. Jan.
19, 1799, aged 24.
" JOHN GERRY, son of Richard, Esq., and Lucy. May 24, 1802,
aged 15.
" JOHN, 2d son of John and Eleanor. Aug. 16, 1783, aged 1
yr., 10 ra.
" JOSEPH, 5th son of John and Eleanor. Mar. 21, 1793, aged
11 m., 7 d.
" BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, son of John and Eleanor. Jan. 4,
1800, aged 14 d.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Mason. Feb. 15, 1793, 41st yr.
" ROBERT. Dec. 12, 1794, 52d yr.
" SARAH, wife of Robert. Nov. 19, 1799, 64th yr.
HINDS, ELIAS, "youngest son of Capt. Benjamin, whose remains lie
near this place." Sept. 11, 1797, aged 17 yrs., 6 m., 18 d.
HITER, SAMUEL, son of Capt. Samuel and Hannah, drowned Marble-
head harbor. Sept. 17, 1808, aged 20 yrs., 4 m.
HOMAN, NATHANIEL, only ch. of Nathaniel and Elizabeth. Aug. 11,
1821, aged 10 m.
HOOPER, NATHANIEL. May 1, 1760, aged 49 yrs., 3 in.
" HANNAH, wife of Nathaniel. Aug. 31, 1747, aged 38 yrs.,
8 m.
" HENRY, son of Nathaniel and Hannah. June 13, 1745, aged
6 yrs., 9 m.
" MARY, dau. of Nathaniel and Sarah. June 12, 1761, aged
5 yrs.
" SARAH, dau. of Nathaniel and Sarah. May 18, 1762, aged
12 yrs., 4 m.
" SARAH, wife of Dea. Robert. Nov. 18, 1754, aged 27 yrs., 6
m., 2 d.
" NATHANIEL, son of Robert and Polly. July 3, 1801, aged 2
yrs., 6 m.
HORTON, Capt. SAMUEL. May 22, 1817, aged 72.
" ELEANOR, wife of Capt. Samuel and youngest dau. of Maj.
Nicholson and Sarah Broughton. Sept. 16, 1807, aged '
45.
" NICHOLSON BROUGHTON, son of Capt. Samuel and Eleanor.
Sept. 11, 1794, aged 1.
" WM. WILLIAMS, son of Capt. Samuel and Eleanor. Dec. 27,
1801, aged 1 yr., 10 m.
" MATILDA JANE, dau. of Capt. Samuel and Eleanor. Nov. 2,
1802, aged 11 m.
" Capt. SAMUEL, son of Capt. Samuel and Eleanor. Aug. 7,
1815, aged 22 yrs., 11 m.
157
HORTON, Miss MARY. Aug. 6, 1829, aged 50 yrs., 7 m.
HUBBARD, ABIGAIL, dau. of Wm. B. and Sally B. May 10, 1853, aged
10m.
HUMPHREYS, MARY, wife of John. Feb. 8, 1786, aged 29.
INGALLS, JOHN, after an illness of two years. Oct. 2, 1836, 52d yr.
" HANNAH, wid. of John. May 10, 1842, aged 61.
JOHNSON, Capt. BENOICB. May 4, 1830, aged 68.
" SARAH, wife of Capt. Benoice. June 13, 1800, aged 29.
" SARAH, b. Oct. 13, 1756, d. Sept. 9, 1846, 90th yr.
LAMPRELL, SIMON. July 10, 1824, aged 48 yrs., 8 m., 26 d.
" ELEANOR ANDREWS, wife of Simon. Aug. 27, 1855, aged 82.
" MARGARET P., dau. of Simon. Oct. 20, 1812, aged 6 yrs., 1
m., 9 d.
f LEE, MARY, dau. of Jeremiah and Abigail. Sept. 15, 1747, aged 15 d.
" SAMUEL, son of " " " Aug. 7, 1750, aged 30 d.
I " ABIGAIL, dau. " " " " Aug. 3, 1758, aged 6 m.
" SAMUEL. July 6, 1753, aged 61.
[_ (On tomb with wife of Capt. John Gallison.)
LEECH, Capt. NATHANIEL, lost at sea. Sept. 29, 1776.
" DEBORAH, wife of Capt. Nathaniel. May 9, 1803, 56th yr.
LEWIS, Capt. EDMUND. June 8, 1805, aged 57.
" TABITHA, wid. of Capt. Edmund. Aug. 28, 1814, aged 62.
LINDSEY, DEBBY, dau. of Capt. Joseph and Debby. Feb. 4, 1799, aged
14 m., 15 d.
" DEBBY, dau. of Capt. Joseph and Debby. July 16, 1801,
aged 1 yr., 11 m., 20 d.
" A son of Capt. Joseph and Debby, still born. Oct. 13, 1801.
" NATHANIEL, son of Capt. Joseph and Debby. Oct. 27, 1805,
aged 16 m.
J MANSFIELD, Capt. ISAAC. Dec. 20, 1760, aged 65.
" ANNA, 1st wife of Capt. Isaac. Aug. 24, 1749, aged 58 yrs.,
7 m., 8 d.
" MARY, 2d wife of Capt. Isaac. Sept. 14, 1756, aged 56 yrs.,
I 4m.
" ISAAC, Esq. Apr. 12, 1792, aged 72.
" KUTH, wife of Isaac, Esq. Feb. 5, 1784, 65th yr.
MARTIN, SAMUEL. Dec. 28, 1789, aged 38.
" SARAH, 1st wife of Samuel. Dec. 23, 1779, aged 31.
" MARY, 2d " " " Oct. 24, 1823, aged 71.
" NATHAN B., son of Nathan B. and Sarah. Aug. 5, 1791,
aged 4.
158
MARTIN, ELIZABETH, dau. of Nathan B. and Sarah. Aug. 20, 1791,
aged 1.
" ALICE H., dau. of Ambrose B. and Elizabeth. Apr. 8, 1799,
aged 3 yrs., 8 d.
" ABIGAIL, wife of Thomas and dau. of George Bridgeo, after
the birth of her child, Mar. 23, 1807, aged 16 yrs., 6 m.
" SARAH, wife of Capt. Arnold, and only dau. of John Griste,
Jr. Jan. 25, 1819, aged 68 yrs., 4 m.
" KNOTT 3d, tomb. 1825.
MEEK, Capt. THOMAS. Dec. 3, 1811, aged 54.
" CHARITY, wife of Capt. Thomas. Sept. 7, 1796, aged 39.
" LYDIA, religious consort of Capt. Thomas. July 8, 1803,
aged 42.
" MARY, wid. Capt. Thomas and eldest dau. of Stephen and
Elizabeth Phillips. Sept. 18, 1844, aged 89.
" CHARITY, dau. of Capt. Thomas and Charity. Aug. 3, 1801,
aged 15 yrs., 11 m.
NOWLAND, HANNAH, wife of Jdmes. Jan. 18, 1796, aged 27 yrs., 5 m.,
15 d., and a child.
OLIVER, BETSY, only child of Dr. Nathaniel ana Elizabeth. Apr. 8,
1785, aged 4 yrs., 4 m., 4 d.
PAINE, MARY, relict of Francis. Mar. 16, 1793, 76th yr.
f " MARTHA, wid. of Henry and dau. of John and Deborah
Blackler. Sept. 10, 1824, aged 67.
{ " SAMUEL G. , aged 2.
" SAMUEL G. , aged 23 m.
and an infant.
"Our dear Mother."
PATTEN, MARY, dau. of Capt. Edmund Bray. Mar. 15, 1866, aged 70.
PEDRICK, SARAH, wife of Joseph. Oct. 26, 1788, aged 83.
" Capt. THOMAS. Sept. 23, 1802, aged 66.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Richard and dau. of John and Elizabeth
Carder. Dec. 14, 1804, aged 60 yrs., 9 m.
" HANNAH, dau. of Richard and Elizabeth. Nov. 23, 1802,
aged 16 yrs., 8 m., 8d.
" JOHN, 3d son of Richard and Elizabeth. July 15, 1853, aged
80.
" ELIZABETH, wife of John and dau. of Edward and Jane
Fettyplace. Sept. 16, 1813, 37th yr.
" Capt. WILLIAM. Oct. 24, 1803, aged 65 yrs., 8 m., 7 d.
159
PEDRICK, MARY, wid. of William. Oct. 25, 1815, aged 72.
C " EBENEZER. Aug. 22, 1817, aged 46.
C " JOSEPH. Mar. 27, 1826, aged 62.
" JOHN, Esq. June 17, 1833, aged 73.
" SARAH, wid. of John, Esq. Jan. 18, 1848, aged 84.
" JOHN, 4th son of Capt. John and Sarah, drowned in Marble-
head Harbor. Sept. 17, 1808, aged 21 yrs., 13 d.
PHILLIPS, ROBERT, son of Robert and Nancy. May 18, 1818, aged
1 m.
" LYDIA ANN, dau. " " " Jan. 6, 1821, aged 1 yr.,
6 m.
POTE, SAMUEL. Sept. 12, 1789, aged 58.
" ANN, wife of Samuel. June 30, 1787, aged 60.
POUSLAND, Capt. WILLIAM. Jan. 15, 1804, aged 38.
POWER, MIRIAM, wife of Thomas and dau. of Capt. John and Miriam
Russell. Sept. 9, 1796, aged 41 yrs., 5 m.
" SARAH, wife of Thomas and dau. of Capt. William and Mary
^lackler. Jan. 20, 1800, aged 29.
" LEWIS R. Oct. 20, 1827, aged 38 yrs., 6 m., 10 d.
PRINCE, Capt. JOHN. Apr. 15, 1787, aged 51.
" ANNA, wid. of Capt. John. > Jan. 11, 1830, aged 92 yrs.,
8 m.
" JAMES, son " " " and Anna. Sept. 18, 1765, aged
1 yr., 9 m.
" NATHAN, son of Capt. John and Anna, at sea. July 22, 1789,
aged 19 yrs., 6m., 13 d.
" JOSEPH A. B., son of Capt. John and Anna. Dec. 27, 1795,
aged 23 yrs., 6 m., 4 d.
" SALLY. June 6, 1826, aged 45.
PROCTER, JOHN, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth, born Feb. 14, 1736-7,
d. June 9, 1737.
" ABIGAIL, dau. of Jona. and Elizabeth, born Apr. 3, 1734 ; d.
Dec. 30, 1737.
" ANNIS, wife of Joseph. June 27, 1758, aged 34.
" Capt. JEREMIAH. Nov. 1, 1798, aged 71 y., 6 m.
" JOSEPH, son of William and Deborah. Aug. 8, 180 1, aged
6 yrs., 11 m.
" Capt. JONATHAN. Mar. 1, 1806, aged 53.
" JEREMIAH, son of Capt. Jonathan. Oct. 25, 1795, aged 17.
" JANE, wife of Capt. John. Aug. 5, 1813, aged 38 yrs., 4 d.
" MARY, wid. of William. May 11, 1835, aged 96 yrs., 7 m.
QUINER, SUSANNA, wife of Capt. Nicholas. Oct. 5, 1822, aged 66 yrs.,
10m.,2d.
160
REED, Capt. EBEN'R, consort of Sarah. May 25, 1785, aged 44 yrs.,
2 m.
RHOADES, LYDIA BIRMINGHAM, dau. of Joseph and Mary. Sept. 22,
1757, aged 27.
" MARY, dau. of Joseph and Mary. Oct. 8, 1757, aged 32.
ROBIE, THOMAS, son of Thomas and Mary, and grandson of Rev.
Simon Bradstreet, Jan 3, 1792, 18th yr.
ROUNDEY, GEORGE, schoolmaster. Jan. 21, 1799, aged 41.
" JONATHAN. July 25, 1812, aged 64.
RUSSELL, MARY, dau. of Capt. Win. and Hannah. July 3, 1810, aged
14 yrs., 10 m.
" HANNAH, dau. of Capt. Wm. and Hannah. May 15, 1812,
aged 23 yrs., 7 m., 9 d.
" LEWIS, son of Capt. Wm. and Hannah. Jan. 21, 1823, aged
21.
" Capt. JOHN. May 20, 1811, aged 83.
" MIRIAM, wife of Capt. John. Dec. 19, 1817, aged 80.
" Capt. JOHN R. Nov. 24, 1817, aged 63.
" Lois, wife of Capt. John R. Apr. 18, 1800, aged 41.
" SAMUEL H., b. May 23, 1784, d. June 19, 1869.
SHERMAN, MARY?., wife of Marshall. Jan. 24, 1856, aged 27 yrs., 9 m.
" ANNA S., dau. of Marshall. Sept. 27, 1846, aged 2 yrs., 8 m.
" MARSHALL, son of " Jan. 4, 1850, aged 1 yr., 3 m.
SKILLEN, Mrs. ELIZABETH, tomb, 1772.
SKINNER, Capt. JOHN. May 23, 1747, aged 38.
" WILLIAM, Gent. Mar. 21, 1762, aged 23.
SMITH, JAMES, born Dec. 11, 1767, d. Dec. 6, 1857.
" SALLY PEDRICK, wife of James, born Aug. 16, 1767, d. July
6, 1816.
" REBECCA CLEAVES, dau. of James and Sally. Aug. 3, 1794,
aged 2 yrs.
" JAMES, son of James and Sally. Feb. 8, 1796, aged 1 yr., 3
m., 6 d.
STAGEY, Dea. SAMUEL. June 29, 1743, aged 67 yrs., 3 m.
" Capt. JOHN. Dec. 25, 1749, aged 53.
" AMBROSE. July 20, 1753, aged 24.
" WILLIAM. Nov. 28, 1759, aged 28.
~" LYDIA, wife of Ebenezer. Sept. 5, 1761, aged 60.
" BENJAMIN. May 4, 1762, aged 62.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Benjamin. Jan. 30, 1762, aged 52.
^ " Capt. RICHARD. Apr. 5. 1792, aged 58.
J " JOHN, son of Capt. Richard. aged 2 yrs., 2 m.
C " NATHANIEL, son of Capt. Richard. aged 3.
STACEY, LYDIA, dau. of Capt. Samuel. June 12, 1801, aged 3 yrs., 4
in., 5 d.
" JOHN. Aug. 4, 1804, aged 50.
" NANCY, wid. of John. Dec. 22, 1841, aged 87.
" EDWARD. Jan. 26, 1805, aged 42.
" EDWARD, son of Edward, at sea. Feb. 23, 1813, aged 21.
" SAMUEL, " " " ' Sept. 1, 1818, aged 22.
" BENJAMIN P., son of Edward and Charity. Mar. 9, 1828.
aged 34.
" WILLIAM. Mar. 27, 1841, aged 61.
" JOHN, son of William. Mar. 19, 1845, aged 20.
" WILLIAM, son of William. Sept. 11, 1850, aged 28.
STEVENS, Capt. Thomas. May 29, 1802, aged 40 yrs., 9 m.
" JOHN A., son of Capt. Thos. and Elizabeth. Nov. 12, 1804,
aged 16.
STILES, SARAH, wid. of Ezra, and dau. of Nathan Bowen, Esq. July
3, 1796, aged 66.
STORY, JOHN. Apr. 15, 1754, aged 30.
" RUTH, wife of Elisha and only dau. of the late patriotic
John Ruddock of Boston. Mar. 21, 1778, aged 32.
SWAZEY, JOHN, 3d son of Samuel and Susanna, drowned, with the
whole crew, near Cat Island, Oct. 18, 1767, aged 16.
" SAMUEL, eldest son of Samuel and Susanna. Dec. 30, 1773,
aged 25.
TEDDER, VALENTINE (see Pond St. B. G.). Oct. 8, 1804, aged 68 yrs.,
7m.
THOMPSON, WILLIAM, son of Thos. and Barbary. Nov. 27, 1806, aged
20m., 4 d.
" CHRISTOPHER GRANT, son of Benj. and Margaret. Aug. 2,
1826, aged 18 m.
" SAMUEL, son of Benj. and Margaret. Feb. 23, 1837, aged 1.
TREFRY, JOHN, eldest son of Samuel S. and Sally. Nov. 9, 1821, aged
3 yrs., 5 m., 7 cl.
" SUSANNA. Aug. 29, 1836, aged 76.
" SUSANNA, dau. of Capt. John and Susanna. Jan. 17, 1796,
aged 6 yrs., 2 m.
" SUCKKY, dau. of Capt. John and Susanna. Dec. 21, 1806,
aged 10 yrs., 3 m.
" JOHN, son of Capt. John and Susanna. Sept. 11, 1814, aged
22 yrs., 3 m., 28 d.
" TABITHA, dau. of Capt. John and Susanna. Mar. 10, 1829,
aged 29 yrs., 4 m.
TWISDEN, Capt. CHRISTOPHER. Apr. 20, 1767, aged 67.
162
TWISDEN, SARAH, wife of Capt. Christopher. Oct. 10, 1766, aged 66.
" CHRISTOPHER, son of Capt. Christopher. Apr. 22, 1767,
aged 28.
V INNING, Mrs. MARY. Aug. 24, 1809, aged 59.
WAITT, SAMUEL. Sept. 10, 1798, aged 47.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Samuel. Mar. 26, 1781, aged 31.
. " BETSY, dau. of Samuel and Sarah. Feb. 14, 1786, aged 2.
" SAMUEL, son " " " " May 25, 1796, aged 11.
" WILLIAM. Nov. 22, 1803, aged 92.
" DEBORAH, wife of William. Aug. 13, 1803, aged 92.
WARNER, EBEN'R (a native of Springfield). May 15, 1790, 55th yr.
" ELIZABETH, wid. of Eben'r. Dec. 11, 1800, aged 59 yrs., 4
m.
" HANNAH, dau. of Eben'r and Elizabeth. July 23, 1787, aged
19 yrs., 10 m.
f " JOHN C., eldest son of John and Eebecca. Jan. 22, 1810,
aged 4.
' " ELIZABETH, dau. of John and Rebecca. aged 2 d.
WEBSTER, MARGARET, wife of Nathan. Aug. 28, 1835, aged 32.
WILLARD, REBECCA PITMAN, dau. of Jacob, Esq., and Elizabeth. Apr.
11, 1815, aged 4 m., 8 d.
WITHAM, BURRILL. May 27, 1852, aged 68.
" SALLY B. wid. of Burrill. Dec. 15, 1852, aged 58 yrs., 2 m.
" SAMUEL B. Sept. 19, 1852, aged 1 yr., 9 m., 20 d.
' MARY SUSAN. Sept. 7, 1852, aged 7 yrs., 10 m., 21 d.
WORMSTED, JOSEPH, son of Joseph and Mary. Sept. 30, 1834, aged 3.
" JOSEPH S., " " " " " Sept. 20, 1838, aged 3.
" Capt. BENJAMIN. Jan. 11, 1848, aged 68.
" MARTHA, wid. of Capt. Benjamin. Sept. 10, 1848, aged 67.
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE.
VOL. XII. JULY, 1874. No. 3.
MEMOIR OF JOHX LEWIS RUSSELL,
BY
EDMUND B. W r H, L S O N" .
[CO3TMCNICATED MAY 13, 1874.]
.JOHN LEWIS EUSSELL, son of John and Eunice (Hunt)
Russell, and grandson of William and Mary (Richardson)
Russell, was born in Salem, Massachusetts, Dec. 2, 1808,
and died in the same town, June 7, 1873.
William, the grandfather, born in Boston, May 24,
1748, was a schoolmaster and adjutant of a regiment of
artillery in his native town. He was a zealous patriot
in the revolutionary period, was one of the "sons of lib-
erty," assisted in the destruction of the British Tea in
Boston harbor on the 16th -of December, 1773, and later,
having entered the naval service of the country, was cap-
tured and confined three years and more in Mill Prison,
England.
John Lewis, the subject of this notice, was sent to the
Latin School in Salem, in 1819. His father removing to
(12) (163)
164
Amesbury the following year, he was for a time placed
under the tuition of "Master Pike" in the Academy at
Newburyport, but finished his preparation for college
under the instruction of the Rev. Mr. Barnaby of Ames-
bury, a Baptist clergyman. He entered Harvard College
in 1824, graduated in 1828, engaged in the study of the-
ology the same year, and graduated from the Divinity
School in Cambridge in 1831.
From 1831 to 1854, Mr. Russell occupied various Uni-
tarian pulpits for longer or shorter periods ; among them
those in Fishkill, N. Y., Burlington, Vt., Pittsburgh,
Penn., Kennebunk, Me., Chelmsford, and the Second
(South) Parish in Hingham, Mass. In the last named
place he was settled for more than seven years continu-
ously, from June 26, 1842, to Sept. 1, 1849, and preached
there by extended engagements at other times, nearly
three years in all. In 1853, upon the death of his father,
he returned to Salem where he continued to reside till his
death, preaching only occasionally.
On the 4th of Oct., 1853, he married Hannah Buck-
minster Ripley of Greenfield, Mass., who survives him.
They had no children.
Mr. Russell's chosen profession, it will be seen, was
that of the ministry. Though he did not spend the greater
part of his active years in permanent pastoral relations
with any religious society, his heart was in this calling.
He was interested in theological inquiry and marked its
progress with a keen attention. He had great respect for
good learning, and never failed to pay due honor to true
scholarship. He held up before himself and others high
standards of training and attainment in the ministry ;
and though his personal tastes led him persuasively to
the study of nature, and his deep moral convictions and
humane feelings impelled him strongly to certain forms of
165
philanthropic discourse and action, he set none the less
value upon patient research, sound criticism, and the fruits
of thorough professional culture. As a preacher his repu-
tation was the best with the most thoughtful and advancing
O O
minds, and his pulpit efforts showed vigor and ability.
We mid him setting off for a distant state to preach in
the early part of his ministry, with the cheering assur-
ance of his teacher, the honored and beloved Prof. Henry
Ware, Jr., that he had no need to fear that he would not
find himself welcome and useful, provided he went "with
a courageous spirit ; " that discerning counsellor adding :
"I am a little fearful that you want that boldness which
is necessary to the best action of a man's powers, and that
from your self-distrust you fail to put forth your utmost
strength." Concurrent with this judgment, is that of an-
other early friend and distinguished scholar and preacher *
who writes since his death : "My impressions of him were
that he was a man of more ability than the world knew of,
of a singularly observing and acute mind, and of warmer
sympathies than he was wont to express. ... If his per-
sonal ambition had been greater he would have attracted
more notice from the world."
At an early age Mr. Russell showed a marked fondness
for botanical observation and study. This interest was
materially strengthened during his college course by ac-
quaintance with a few in Cambridge of similar taste. He
kept it, and it increased when he went out into the world
to preach. This pursuit was with him something more
than a recreation. Side by side with his ministerial work
it held its place in his regard without, however, causing
his earnestness in the minister's work to flag. It was some
five and thirty years ago that I first saw him. A lad
*Eev. Geo. Kipley.
166
sixteen or eighteen years old I was introduced into a
clergyman's "study" in a country village in the north of
Middlesex county. Somewhat familiar with the aspect
of country clergymen's studies, I had never seen anything
like this before. Of books there were enough ; about the
usual number of shelves and volumes, I think : I find I
do not remember much about them. What I noticed more
was that all the available room was filled with plants and
flowers ; green things and beautiful. In a corner stood
fishing rod and tackle ; and disposed in odd nooks, boxes,
baskets, and cases, such convenient furnishing, it may be
presumed, as the botanist and student of nature requires
for his pursuits. The apartment was lovely as a garden ;
and when, presently, the minister who wrote sermons
there, and there opened the books of God's Scripture and
Revelation in many kinds, came in, he was one to whom
the place seemed befitting ; hearty in his greeting, fresh,
natural, radiant with health, bubbling as a fountain with
spirits and humor, as if he knew the woods and pastures
and streams for many a mile round about, as no doubt
he did. He stood like a brother among the stalks and
plumes, Nature's own child.
Wherever this man went to fill a pulpit the lovers of
nature gravitated towards him, and he made them his
allies. They attended him to the fields, and ranged with
him the steep hills and the miry swamps. His animated
talk and moist kindling eyes as he described the graces
of the ferns and the glories of the grasses and the lichens
quickened the love of beauty in them. He imparted stim-
ulating knowledge of the secrets of the meadows and
woods, and drew about him by instinctive sympathy such
as had an ear for the mysteries of the sea, or the forests,
or the moss-coated rocks.
At the formation of the Essex County Natural History
167
Society in 1833, Mr. Russell was chosen Librarian and
Cabinet Keeper ; in 1836 he delivered the annual address
before it ; and in 1845 was elected its President, which
office he held till by its union with the Essex Historical
Society in 1848, the Essex Institute was formed, when
Judge Daniel A. White, the senior of the two presidents
of the societies merged in this, became the president of
the new organization, and Mr. Russell its vice presi-
dent; in which office he continued till 1861. During the
greater part of this time, though not residing in Salem,
Mr. Russell gave much important aid to this society, under
its different names and organizations ; and on his return
to make this city his home in 1853, he came at once into
direct and active connection with its work. At the "field
meetings" held at short intervals in various parts of the
county in the warm season, he was one of the most con-
stant attendants and diligent explorers ; and none contrib-
uted more largely than he to make them instructive and
entertaining. For several years he was also a frequent
lecturer and speaker upon his favorite theme before Nor-
mal Schools and other schools and institutions, and he
was never more radiantly happy than when surrounded
by young and eager minds thirsting for the knowledge he
could impart. Attentive faces roused him to glowing
enthusiasm and rapid speech ; and many a listener dates
the birth of a life-long interest in natural history or in
scientific inquiry to his fascinating portrayal of nature's
wonders of the order and beauty and endless transfor-
mations and creations of her realm. He held a high
place in the regard of men most instructed in the field of
his chosen studies. The best botanists of the country
ascribed to him, besides a general acquaintance with the
New England flora, an extensive and accurate knowledge
of the Cryptogamia in particular, and of lichens more
168
especially, in which department he ranked as an original
worker and of the first class of amateur students. "He
was an earnest naturalist," says Professor Edward Tuck-
erman, "who gave all his power to the explication of
vegetable nature, and when he began, it was here in New
England almost wholly neglected and unknown." "I
always watched his career with interest," writes the accom-
plished scholar and joint-editor of the " New American
Cyclopedia," George Ripley "Of late years I
knew him best by his contributions to the 'Cyclopedia.'
They were of great value to the work, and an important
element in the reputation which it has gained with scien-
tific readers. In the revision in which we are now en-
gaged I daily miss his aid and counsels." '
In 1831 Mr. Russell became a member of the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society ; and in September, 1833,
was chosen Professor of Botany and Horticultural Physi-
ology in that institution, succeeding Dr. Malthus A.
Ward, who had held the office since the formation of the
society in 1829. Professor Russell filled the office until
his death, nearly forty years.*
Mr. Russell maintained an extensive and interesting
correspondence with naturalists at home and abroad, his
opinion being often sought with deference by European
botanists.
* Professor Russell delivered the Annual Address before the Society
in 1835 ; prepared the Report of the Transactions for the years 1837-8,
with Preliminary Observations ; Reports on Seeds from Prof. Fischer
of the Botanic Garden at St. Petersburg; and on Seeds from the Ex-
ploring Expedition in Transactions of the Society, 1842-3, p. 52, Dec.
2, 1842; Report on Seeds from Prof. Fischer, June 7, 1845; Transac-
tions for 1842-46, p. 82 ; Report on the Distribution of Seeds by the
United States Patent Office, Transactions for 1858, p. 97; an attempt
at a Report of the committee on the Robin, etc., Transactions for
1866, p. 75 ; Report on Seeds from Northern India, presented by Rev
C. H. A. Dall, Transactions for 1868, p. 93.
169
Those only knew Mr. Russell well who knew him long,
in the freedom of familiar and friendly intercourse, and
when the circle was small. It was truly said of him that
"his private friendships were dearer to him than public
applause." He was transparent ; not difficult to know by
reason of any reserves, but rather liable to be partially
known, and easy to be misunderstood from the variety
and extremely wide range of his moods, in all which he
needed to be seen to be comprehended. Thus one early
teacher and friend who knew him intimately held him too
self-distrustful, and needing boldness. Others knew him,
or thought they knew him, as bold to the point of reck-
lessness. He was both. And whichever he was at any
moment, he showed it, for he could not disguise it. He
hated shams and knew not how to conceal himself. In
some hours he seemed the farthest going reformer, and
most unsparing iconoclast, to whom nothing was too
sacred for plain speaking, instant judgment, irreverent
questioning. In other hours he was the tenderly reli-
gious, reverent soul, charitable in the construction of
human motives, and living, as it seemed, joyously at
home with the God of nature and all the great human
family. Sometimes he was silent and shut in, his manner
not inviting approach, and he passed along the streets
with scarce a nod of recognition. At other times he was
sunny, warm with kindness, and inclined to linger for
conversation, in which he was racy, instructive, delight-
ful. It is not meant that he was amiable and cordial to
his friends, shut and cool towards certain he did not like ;
for he was inaccessible to the friend when the silent and
unsocial mood beset him, and withheld himself from none
when his central love glowed again and thawed all the
rigors away. He was so scornful of pedantry and pre-
tence that he would seem sometimes for the mome*nt to
170
set light by real learning and culture of deservedly high
repute ; and again he would honor with the heartiest
applause genuine scholarship ; and always showed a pref-
erence, other things being equal, for men who had had
the training of the best schools, and especially for those
bred at his own, the Cambridge University, over the mis-
called "self-made" men, on many of whom his verdict
would likelier have been, not-made men. He was both
radical and conservative. What was peculiar was not
that he was sometimes the one and sometimes the other,
for most of us are by turns of a conservative and of a
revolutionary spirit, but that he went so far and so unre-
servedly each way for the time. He swung through such
a wide space in his oscillations, as startled men of a
colder and more cautious temperament, and puzzled their
judgment. The consistency and unity that was in him
was not outward, and did not lead to explanations and
the balancing of phrases. It was deeper ; in his nature ;
where he took in and assimilated the seemingly adverse
and contradictory. So he did not explain often when
expected to ; did not see that there was need. He saw
at each moment his one thought, vividly, with his whole
concentrated attention, and uttered it. Why should he
stop to remember at the moment whether there were not
other things also that he thought true ? Doubtless. But
he could not stop ; the momentum w r as too great. He
was too full of that. And on he went, like the brimful
river, which cannot dally with its banks, but is driven
forward by force of its own weighty -tide. It was not
strange that some knew him only as a radical of the radi-
cals ; for sometimes he was that. He was that in the
utter freedom of his mind, and of his speculations.
Nevertheless he destroyed only that he might build the
better. He struck at what appeared to him error only
171
for the sake of truth. In terms he often misrepresented
his own thought, to those who judged him by what he
said at one hearing, and said extemporaneously. His
thought was a feeling as well as a thought; a burning
conviction ; opposition only intensified its expression.
Spontaneous, impetuous, unguarded, he neglected to state
qualifications which were always a part of his mind, and
which to one conversing with him privately and leisurely
he would not fail to produce. This caused him often to
be misunderstood. Tell him his own words, sometimes,
and he would not recognize them. In his mind they had
been joined with complementing truths which balanced
and adjusted them, and which he felt that he must have
stated or implied, but which he had only expressed on
other occasions. He was called a " hard-hitter " in the
field of theological controversy ; and he was. Still he
was no sectarian. The lovers of God and man, the people
of sincere faith, those who made it the test of pure reli-
gion and undefiled before God to visit the fatherless and
widows in their affliction, and to keep one's self unspotted
from the world these he took to his large heart with
all the wealth of its trust and love. And there he cher-
ished them, not caring by what name they were called.
If they brought forward their sectarian passwords, or if
in any manner these came in his way, he was very likely
to visit on them his trenchant scorn ; but he sincerely
loved many people who used them and held them to be
important. His spontaneousness and warmth gave ex-
pression to his prejudices equally strong and unguarded
with the language in which his philanthropy found utter-
ance, and equally laid him open to misconstruction at
times. He was an earnest and uncompromising opponent
of American slavery, at a time when slavery had many
and powerful apologists in the northern states. He spoke
out in hearty and ringing words against its wrong, and in
172
favor of freedom. The form of his plea was comprehen-
sive, taking in all humanity. But he had his dislikes.
There were traits in the Irish character which roiled him.
And sometimes, in his fashion of seizing a point and
pushing it to an extreme, he bore hardly on the people of
that race, not stopping to say that it was their faults
which he had presently in mind, and that there had been
untoward circumstances in their history that should be
had in mind in mitigation of a sweeping condemnation.
And this seemed an inconsistency by the side of his good
words for humanity, for all men without distinction of race
or color. But when others condemned the same people
too unsparingly, lie adduced the mitigating circumstances.
It was truthfully said of him : " His was one of those
rare minds which loved truth and justice for its own
sake, and he was always ready to brave the loss of fame
or friends in behalf of what he deemed right. .
Did he but imagine any one was being trodden on who
deserved a better fate, he was ready to enter the lists in
his behalf at any cost. Often in these cases he* could see
only the injustice at the moment ; but after the struggle
was over, and he was alone or with intimates, the moist-
ure would rise to his eyes in the fear that in the contest
he might have hurt the feelings of those opposed to him."
The writer illustrates the last point by an incident. "An
article had recently appeared in high scientific quarters,
which was unfortunately inaccurate in its statements. In
his paralyzed condition he wrote, pointing out the errors,
but he added, 'in times past he has been at my house and
partaken of my hospitalities, and I would, under no cir-
cumstances, say anything to hurt his feelings ; but in the
interest of truth and science you can do it at some time
without offence to any one.' "*
*The Gardener's Monthly for July, 1873: Philadelphia; p. 214.
173
I have written with freedom and unreserve of my
friend. He was one of those whose character would
bear it, while his own truthfulness and unreserve invited
it. He preferred truth to compliment. There is no need
to be timid and careful in speaking of one who was so
much a man. To conceal or evade in speaking of him
would be an offence against what was most characteristic
in him, his sincerity and truthfulness of speech. His
was one of those strong and capacious natures that hold
the contents of two or three ordinary men, and combine
such qualities as would be thought ordinarily to exclude
each other. Men less intense than he, and of a more
equable temperament, would have escaped strictures
which he drew on himself at times ; and so would they
have failed to make the deep and lasting impression for
good which he often made by his impetuous enthusiasm
and almost passionate warmth of feeling and expression,
in behalf of unrecognized truths. As his life wore on,
however, and especially as the years of sickness fell upon
him, the contrasted colors in his character blended and
mellowed each other, and enhanced the sweetness and
grace of his autumnal ripeness. He was always a lover of
beauty everywhere and of all kinds. Beautiful flowers,
graceful ferns, such beauties as lay thick in his own
chosen path these of course, but not these alone. He
felt the charm in all Nature's creations, animate and in-
animate ; the beauty of childhood ; the beauty of young
men and maidens; the holier beauty of truth, and moral
strength and courage, the graciousness of goodness. He
came at times as near reaching eloquence that rare and
subtile power impossible of definition as almost any one
I ever listened to. And the themes which kindled him
most sympathetically and surely were those which lie
about the fountains of worship, religious inspirations and
moral integrity and order : the universal care and tender
174
love of the divine providence, as witnessed in nature, in
life, in history: human rights; the freedom of every
man to be himself, to think, judge, worship, unhindered.
That way of his, of putting his whole glowing soul into
the things he said ; of forgetting himself; yielding himself
up to the grand inspirations of truth, righteousness, and
freedom it was a deepening stream, gathering volume
and tide as it went, until it swept him and his hearers
along, seemingly, whithersoever it would.
His affections were deep and strong ; and in his friend-
ships he was close and fast. They had their full ex-
pression only when the sympathy was genuine and the
confidence without' alloy. And the love and friendship
which he inspired grew to be like his own, tender and
true. It is not permitted me to invade the privacy and
sanctuary of his innermost communion with those he
loved, but it will be deemed no trespass upon that seclu-
sion, I trust, to make simple mention of the gentle affec-
tionateness that breathed from his lips, beamed from his
face, shone even through his veiled and half-blinded eyes,
and ran through his messages of friendship, and filled up
the hours, as his earthly life faded into that unseen realm
which seemed as real and present, as familiar, natural and
home-like to his thought, as the plans and expectations
of to-morrow. When asked what reply should be made
to a letter just received from a dear friend, he said :
"Write, Love and .Friendship; then turn over and write
on the next page, Love and Friendship ; then on the next
write, Love and Friendship;" like John in his old age,
who, when too feeble to walk to the Christians' place of
assembly, asked to be carried thither only to repeat each
time, "My children, love one another."
During his last illness he was overfull of this sensi-
bility. Reminiscences of past friendships revived with
fresh tenderness and force. His playfulness was thought-
175
ful, his thoughtful ness playful, after the manner of his
robust years ; and through all there ran a vein of personal
caressing and fondness when he spoke to his friends, or
dictated words to be sent to them, which told how he
held them to his heart.
To two old and dear friends he wrote soon after the
new year :
"Wasn't it a curious coincidence that I should have
been busily engaged in trying to puzzle out some of the
Dutch lingo of Van Sterbeeck's 'Theatrum Fungorum,'
the gift of you, dear , at the time when your
mutual gift of fruit and New Year's gratulations was in
the expressman's care on its way to me ? I wonder if
there is such a book as a Dutch dictionary (Holland and
English, or Dutch and French), for I am bound to read
Sterbeeck, and to get all the good I can out of him.
But, poor fellow, his effigy, on p. 35, looks as sober as I
do most of my time; but, sub Dio or Divine Provi-
dence, as you will I am pretty well for a recluse, shut
up in the house all the time. Your timely and very gen-
erous gift made me cry just a little bit, reminding me of
you both, and of all the delicious memories of the oldeii
time, when I used to know you so well, and many others
who are in the great mysterious unknown, and who come
to me in my dreams, and revive the days of youthful
friendship in the old colony and elsewhere. What a
strange, incomprehensible thing is this life, and what is
it all for ? God grant that I may wait and trust, for that
is all I can do. But what treasures of love and of wis-
dom too have come to me in my sick chamber, and in
the weary days and nights ! Two things would I ask of
God, viz. : health and the power and desire to love.
There is no gift of love so trifling as to be insignificant,
nor a breath of health which is not a magnificent fact of
Providence I have a few friends with whom I
talk of the probabilities of mutual recognition in the
Hereafter, and of a closer friendship than can exist here.
I hope I shall always know and love you both.
176
With much effort to write you this scrawl, and wishing
you a happy new year, I am" .
Among children he was a child ; and towards those
whom he had known in childhood he delighted to main-
tain afterwards the easy freedom and familiarity of tone
suitable to an elder brother, or companion-father, even
after they had arrived at the years of manhood and
womanhood. Such he rarely addressed by other than
their Christian names. Indeed, he loved to borrow this
Friendly style in his intercourse with all whom he took
into his confidence and intimacy. He loved to continue
the use of the terms and forms of endearment, of pet
names, and words of pleasant associations, first adopted
in his joyous talk and companionship with children, and
\yhich he never after outgrew or laid aside.
A week only before he died he dictated the following
characteristic letter to one who had long held a place
close to his heart.
"Mr DEAR LITTLE M. : Although I am on my bed,
my thoughts are a great way oft' with you. How I wish
you could come and sit by the side of your dear old
' lunky Jack,'* and we would talk about the old times
when you used to ride on my shoulder, and when you
were so much comfort to me ; and though w;e are so far
apart, yet thought can travel faster than railroad speed,
and I can imagine that I am sitting beside my little M.,
and holding her hand, and her poor old 'lunky' is walking
with her, looking after the little flowers and thinking of
the good times we used to have together, which, if they
never come back to us, we can remember with great
delight and pleasure. And may my dear little M. become
the dear friend, the upright and noble woman, a delight
to all who know her, patient with the weak, instructing
the ignorant, helping the poor to bear their lot in life,
* His pet name when M. was a child.
177
the sick to be patient and cheerful, the unfortunate to be
full of hope and courage, the weary and broken-hearted
to trust in God's love, the poor little destitute children
to gain friends.
I am sick and faint in bocty, but strong in heart, never
for a moment suffering myself to doubt the wisdom of
God as shown to us in his constant providence, which
makes us brave in life's duties, and trusting and hopeful
to the end. ....
Remembering with pleasure the many happy hours I
have spent with you, may your life, dear M., be full of
happy recollections and bright anticipations, till in serene
faith you pass to a more glorious life, where everything
shall be tending to the perfection of all that is glorious in
your nature. Your own LUNKY JACK."
In the foregoing letter he seems to be flitting between
the present with its recollections, and that past to which
he transports himself with such a vivid realization of it,
that it seems to displace for the moment the present, and
to become itself the present to his consciousness. I shall
place before the reader extracts from one more similar
letter, written about three months earlier, but when he
was in very feeble health.
"SALEM, Feb. 23, 1873.
MY DEAR
When this reaches you spring will have commenced,
and March winds, even if not zephyrs, will have awakened
some of the sleeping flowers of the western prairies, while
we shall be still among the snow-drifts of tardy departing
winter. As I have not learned to fly yet I shall not be
able to ramble with you after the pasque flower, or anem-
one, nor find the Erythronium albidivm, nor the tiny spring
beauty, nor detect the minute green mosses which will so
soon be rising out of the ground. But I can sit by the
Stewart's Coal Burner in our sitting room and imagine
the daily changes which will usher in a milder spell of
weather, and remind C. of ploughing and sowing and
such occupations. Or I can recall the days when you
were one of us, and when we gathered Andromeda buds
178
from the frozen bushes and traversed the ice-covered bay
securely in the bright sunshine of the winter's day.
I often long, dear S., for a return of those Arcadian
days ; '" Sickness is no pleasure ; and ennui and
fatigue must come with it ; but it is a blessed minister
and teacher! It tells us of the excellence of health, and
of the value of the slightest instance of love and regard.
.... As I grow older now threescore and nearly
ten every year as it comes in regular order interests
me all the more in his [God's] works and ways. Every
little flower I meet with, and that I never saw before,
every little insect which is a novelty or as the naturalist
would say is a new species to me the constantly occur-
ring microscopical forms of organized matter, the strange
and veritable laws of the atmosphere, the clouds passing
over the disk of the sun, and bringing to us storms and
aerial phenomena, the ever-increasing discoveries of sci-
ence and of art, awaken my admiration, heighten my awe,
and lead me to adoring trust. How different, too, appear
what narrow-minded men call religion, and the essentials
of religious life, as I find good in everybody, and as I
learn to draw nearer to my fellow beings in harmony with
what is best in them
I will not trouble you to write to me, but I should like a
spring flower which you gather ; any one will be precious
from you to your feeble and sick
Old uncle and friend, J. L. R."
Our friend has drawn the lines of his own portrait truer
than we could do it, and we leave it, as his own trem-
bling fingers touched it, unconsciously, and left it at the
last, radiant with trust and love.
"Contemplate all this work of Time,
Nor dream of human love and truth
As dying Nature's earth and lime ;
But trust that those we call the dead
Are breathers of au ampler day
For ever nobler ends." . . .
THE JOURNAL OF THE REV. JOHN CLEAVELAND,
EDITED BY HIS GRAXDSOJf,
NEHEMIAH CLEAVELAND.
Continued from page 103.
July 2. (Sabb.) Mr. Forbush preached from Exod.
17, where Moses sends Joshua to fight against Amalek,
an appropriate and good discourse. In the aft. J. C.
preached, Mr. Spinner, chaplain of the New York pro-
vincials and brother E. C. were present. The attention
very good. J. C. calls on Mr. Woodbridge, 1 chaplain in
the reg. of Col. Wm. Williams, Mr. W. being sick.
"There seems to be an excellent set of chaplains in the
camp." '
3. Prayers very early, as the reg* is to be reviewed by
the General at 7 A. M. J. C. takes his brother with him
and calls on John Brainard, 2 chaplain of Col. Johnston's
New Jersey reg 1 , and also on Mr. Spencer, chaplain of
the New York regiments. In the afternoon, the two
'Probably JOHN WOODBRIDGE, minister of South Hadley, who d.
1783, aet. 80. He was a descendant in the 4th generation from a dau. of
Gov. Thos. Dudley, and from that famous John Woodbridge, who was
Parker's assistant at Newbury, then the first minister of Andover,
and afterwards a civil magistrate. There have been at least ten John
Woodbridges in the New England pulpit.
2 JOHN BRAINARD was a brother of the famous missionary, David B.
and both had been members of College at the same time with the
Journalist. John Brainard grad. in 1746. He toiled for a time among
the New Jersey Indians. He lived awhile at Great Egg Harbor, and
afterwards at Brotherton. He was a trustee of the College at Prince-
ton, and died about 1780.
(13) (179)
180
Cleavelancls with Brainard and Spencer visit the quarters
of the Connecticut troops, and call on their chaplains,
viz. : Beckwith, Eels, Denison, and Ingersoll. All agree
to make a call the next day on his Excellency, General
Abercrombie. 3 They also resolve to have meetings for
prayer at stated seasons : the Connecticut chaplains to
meet by themselves, and the Boston, New York and
New Jersey chaplains by themselves; this arrangement
being dictated by their respective positions.
4. After prayers and breakfast, Messrs. Beckwith
Eels, Pomeroy,* Ingersoll, Brainard, Forbush, Spencer,
and the two Cleavelauds paid their compliments to the
General in his tent. Mr. Beckwith was their spokesman.
"He," the General, "treated us very kindly, told us he
hoped that we would teach the people their duty and to
be courageous." He added that in Germany he had
known a chaplain who nerved his men for the impending
3 JAMES ABERCROMBIE was a native of Scotland. He early entered
the army and served for some time on the continent. In 1756 he came
to America as comraander-in-chief. Of all the officers sent by England
to America during the old French war, no other seems to have left a
record so poor, as that of James Abercrombie ; for Braddock was
brave though rash and unfortunate. After his miserable failure at
Ticonderoga, Abercrombie went home, and as a member of Parlia-
ment gave his support to those arbitrary measures which finally drove
the colonies into independence. He was deputy governor of Sterling
Castle, when, in 1781, he died at the age of 75.
4 BENJAMIN POMEROY was the minister of Hebron, Conn., where he
d. 1784, set. 80. He graduated at Yale in 1733. Like so many others,
he took fire under the wonderful preaching of Whitefield, and his
zeal, ability and boldness soon brought him into trouble. For minis-
tering in disregard of Connecticut law, he was arrested and for sev-
eral years deprived of his small annual stipend. Dr. Pomeroy is
described as witty and polite, frank and generous "an excellent
scholar, an exemplary gentleman, and a thundering preacher." In-
stead of being silenced, such a man, nowadays, might choose his
pulpit, and name his salary.
181
fight, by informing them that cowards would find no place
in heaven. Then they were treated to a bowl of punch
and a bottle of wine.
In the afternoon, the chaplains held their first meeting
"under Col. Ruggles' bower." The exercises were a
prayer by Mr. Morrill then a psalm; a prayer by Mr.
Brainard, another psalm, a word of exhortation and
the benediction by J. C.
The troops rec d orders to strike their tents at daybreak
next morning and to be on board the batteaux by Five
A.M.
5. (Wednesday) The "general" was beat at daybreak
the tents were struck immediately, everything was
packed and put on board and by 5 o'cl. the men were
all embarked. The Rangers were in front ; the Regulars
in the centre Colonels Preble, Ruggles, Bagley, Wil-
liams, etc., on the right General Lyman, Colonels
Whiting, Fitch, 5 etc., on the left. In the rear of the
main body was the artillery, and Col. Partridge with
the Royal Hunters in the rear of all.
After rowing more than twenty miles, they were or-
dered to land on the west shore and pitch their tents. At
eleven in the evening they reembarked and rowed for
the Narrows Col. Preble leading the van of the right
wing.
5 ELEAZER FITCH of Lebanon was a grandson of the famous James
Fitch, who was the first minister of Saybrook and of Norwich. He
commanded the Fourth Connecticut Regiment in three campaigns,
1758 to 1760. This long association with officers of the British army
had some influence, it was thought, on his political opinions and sub-
sequent conduct. When the struggle with the mother country came,
he adhered to the royal side, and soon found it convenient to seek
another home. His last years were spent at St. Johns in New Bruns-
wick. His four daughters, however, having married patriots, re-
mained true to the cause of liberty.
182
6. It was daylight when they reached the entrance of the
Narrows. After waiting till all the regiments had come
up and found each its own place, they were ordered to
row up and land. A warm reception was expected. But
the French, though they had on the ground four battal-
ions and several cannon, fired only a few shots, which did
no harm, and then withdrew. By nine o'clock the troops
were all safely landed. The French having burnt the
bridges in their retreat, our army was compelled to take
a circuitous route, leading through thick woods. They
had gone but two miles when they were assailed in front
by three thousand French and Indians. Col. Bagley's
Regiment was ordered to charge the enemy on the right.
The brisk engagement lasted about an hour. "My Lord
Howe 6 was killed, and about twenty-four of our men were
6 LORD .GEORGE AUGUSTUS HOWE was the third viscount of that
name. He was thirty-two years old when he came in 1757 to Amer-
ica with five thousand British troops, landing at Halifax. He had
hardly joined Abercrombie's army, when it moved on Ticonderoga,
and he fell, as above stated in the first conflict. During the few
months which he thus passed upon American soil, lie endeared him-
self to all. Uniformly kind and courteous, he was also ardent, ener-
getic, and judicious. He evidently possessed in unusual measure
those magnetic qualities which attract mankind filling them with
trust and hope. Those sturdy Yankees who constituted so important
a part of the army at Lake George, were keen observers, and shrewd
judges of intellect and character. They could not avoid the convic-
tion that Abercrombie was sluggish, timid, and incompetent. In
the marked contrast presented by Howe, they saw, as they believed,
the future leader of the army, and the savior of his country. And
hence they mourned his untimely fall as a great public calamity.
Hence the colony of Massachusetts Bay poor as she.was appro-
priated five hundred pounds sterling, to erect a monument for him
in Westminster Abbey. Let no American, who visits that grand re-
pository of the mighty dead pass it coldly by !
On the death of Lord George, the title descended to his brother
Richard, who became an Earl, and whose position and action as
commander of a powerful British fleet, and as a commissioner to
183
missing" after the skirmish. Of the enemy one hundred
fifty-nine were made prisoners, and probably as many
more were killed.
7. (Friday.) This morning, the sun being an hour
high, the troops were again in motion, with intent to re-
place the burnt bridges, to move by the wagon-road, and
get possession of the saw mills, where the enemy was in
some force. A little after sunset, General Johnson 7 ar-
rived at the landing with his regiment. He had a body
treat with the fractious colonists for peace, gave him great promi-
nence in the first years of the revolutionary war. John Adams (see
works of J. A., vol. iii) informs us that when he went in 1776, with
Franklin and Rutledge, to have a talk with the British commissioner
on Staten Island "Lord Howe was profuse in his expressions of
gratitude to the State of Massachusetts for erecting a marble mon-
ument in Westminster Abbey, to his elder brother, Lord Howe
saying he esteemed that honor to his family above all things in the
world." Sir William Howe was also a brother of Lord George. It
was he who succeeded Gen. Gage in command at Boston who in
1776, took possession of New York commanded in 1777 the British
army in the battle of Gerraantown and in 1778, was superseded by
Sir Henry Clinton.
7 Often as the story of SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON has been told, it can
never lose its interest. Smithtown, County Meath, Ireland, gave him
birth. Being a younger son, he was brought up for a merchant.
Falling in love and being thwarted, he readily accepted a proposal
from his uncle, Admiral Sir Peter Warren, to take charge of a large
landed property in America. Accordingly, in 1738, he settled on the
south side of the Mohawk river, twenty miles from Schenectady.
Here he entered on a course of improvement which soon brought in
settlers. With the Indians he traded on a large scale, and always
treated them well. He learned to speak their language in several of
its dialects; made himself familiar with their peculiar habits, beliefs,
and customs, and acquired an immense influence over them. When
the French war began that is in 1743 Mr. Johnson, as general
superintendent of the Indian tribes, was charged with the protection
of the western frontier, and for five years he kept all safe on that
side. In 1750 he was placed on the provincial council. In 1753 he
held a council with the Indians at Onondaga, and succeeded in healing
a breach that had begun. Two years later he was commissioned by
Gen. Braddock as superintendent of the " Six Nations." In 1755, as
184
of Indians how many J. G. could not learn. That
night the chaplain passed in the boat, "and lay very hard
upon the barrels."
8. (Saturday.) Before sunrise Johnson set out with
general of the New York provincials, he joined in the expedition
against Crown Point. After the defeat of Col. Williams's detachment,
Johnson was himself attacked in his camp near Lake George. The
French were repulsed, and their commander, Baron Dieskau, was cap-
tured. For this victory, Johnson, who was wounded in the fight, was
made a baronet, and received from Parliament a gift of five thousand
pounds.
The entry in Mr. Cleaveland's journal, for July 7, states that Gen.
Johnson, with his regiment, arrived at the landing a little after sun-
set, and (July 8) he says that "Johnson, before sunrise, set out with
his Indians to join the army." His light armed troops who carried
their birchen shells on their shoulders, perhaps embarked at some
other point on the lake. Clearly, they formed no part of Abercrom-
bie's grand flotilla. If they had a share in the fight and defeat, no
mention of it appears in the Journal. Neither are they again men-
tioned, from which it may safely be inferred that they formed no part
of the British and provincial encampment at Lake George.
In 1759 Johnson was again in command of a provincial force, and
went with Gen. Prideaux against Niagara. In the attack Prideaux
was killed, and Johnson took the command and soon brought the
garrison to terms. This was a very important capture. Again, in
1760, the year of final conquest, Sir William was with the victorious
English at the head of a thousand Indian warriors.
At his home in Johnstown Sir William maintained a state of rude,
feudal hospitality and display. With a host of guests and retainers,
of every clime and hue, and with a domestic establishment which
shocked the moral sense not only of puritans but of Dutchmen, he
must have seemed to his travelled visitors the impersonation, now of
some Hibernian noble, and now of some oriental Sheik.
There is abundant evidence that he was a man of ready and effec-
tive eloquence, and of large capacity for affairs, both civil and mili-
tary. At a time when the Indian tribes were still numerous and
powerful not only around but within the British Colonies and
when wily Frenchmen spared no pains in instigating those cruel foes
to acts of hostility, Johnson's vast influence and judicious action must
have been of inestimable value to the country.
He died just a year before the war with England began in good
time both for himself and for America as in that contest he would
undoubtedly have sided with the mother country.
185-
his Indians to join the army. There "has been a most
bloody fight. Our troops attempted to force the French
intrenchment before the Fort, with small arms, and met
with very great loss. Our men acted with the greatest
intrepidity, and one or two companies of the Highlanders
and Regulars were almost entirely cut off. Many were
slain, and many came in wounded ; the number not yet
known, though it is conjectured that a thousand are
among the killed and wounded. Capt. Whipple rec d a
ball in his thigh wh. lodged there. Lieut. Burnham rec d
a mortal wound in his bowels, and Lieut. Low was slain,
as we suppose. 8 The conduct is thought to be marvel-
lous strange, to order the intrenchment to be forced with
small arms, when they (we) had cannon not far off, and
number sufficient to keep the enemy off, till we had en-
trenched and placed our cannon and bomb-mortars so as
to play upon the enemy. Most of our forces retreated
towards the lauding where the battoes lay."
9: Sabb. "This morning, to the general surprise of
the whole army we were ordered to embark in the bat-
toes, to leave the ground we had possessed, and return
to Fort William Henry. We left the ground about 9
o'cl. in the morning, and arrived at Fort William Henry,
full forty miles, before sunset: all dejected, partly on
"Low and BURXHAM were from Chebacco, and, of course, were Mr.
Cleaveland's parishioners. That the patriotic and military spirit
which animated these martyrs of more than a hundred years ago
has not died out among the Lows and Burnhams of that brave old
Chebacco, may be safely inferred from the fact that among the one
hundred and five men belonging to that precinct who are known to
have been in the army during the revolutionary war, there were five
Lows and twenty-two Burnhams; and furthermore, that of one hun-
dred and forty-five Essex men who enlisted in their country's service
during the war of rebellion, four had the name of Low and thirty-two
the name of Burnham.
186
account of our returning, and partly on account of our
being without much food for three days. This evening,
Lieut Buruham was buried, having died upon the water,
of his wound. I understand he inquired much for me,
and desired to see me before he died. But I was in an-
other battoe and could not be found, the Lake being full
of them."
10. (Monday.) "This morning orders were given out
to make a return of the killed, wounded and missing,
which, according to the information which I have had,
amount to eighteen or twenty hundred in the whole army
principally among the Regulars and Highlanders. In
Col. Bagley's regiment six were killed two officers and
four privates. Capt. Whipple and ten privates were
wounded. This day wherever I went I found people
officers and soldiers astonished that we left the French
ground, and commenting on the strange conduct in com-
ing off."
11. (Tues.) J. C. writes to his wife, the letter to go
by Mr. Thompson. The whaleboats and battoes are un-
loaded. People begin to sicken, partly, perhaps, from
their late privation of food and use of the Lake waters,
and partly "from dejection and discouragement arising
from disappointment."
12. He writes to Col Choate. 9 He has some trouble
9 JOHN CHOATE, born 1697, was a brother of Francis, already men-
tioned. On his marriage he settled near the village of Ipswich, and
soon became the leading citizen of the town. For many years before
his death he was among the prominent men not only of the county
but of the colony. As a civil magistrate, Judge of the Common
Pleas, Judge of Probate, and representative in the General Court, he
was constantly, ably and usefully employed. In the great "Land-
Bank " question he took a very active part. In regarding the pro-
posed institution, not only as likely to be beneficial to the country,
but as absolutely necessary to relieve it from the evils of a vicious
currency, he did not stand alone. But Gov. Belcher set his face
187
in his bowels, and fears an attack of the "camp disor-
der." He and Mr. Forbush read together and converse.
"Towards evening, the General, with his Eehoboam coun-
sellors came over to line-out a Fort on y e Bokey Hill,
where our breastwork was last year. Now we begin to
think strongly that the grand expedition against Canada
is laid aside, and a foundation is going to be made totally
to impoverish our country."
13. (Thursday.) His disorder increases. At six this
morning, Bagley's regS not having breakfasted, was or-
dered to strike their tents, and move with all their ba<|-
against it, and in those days a Governor was a man of power. In
May, 1741, he dissolved the 'House because they had chosen for
speaker and for councilmen, persons who were in favor of the Bank.
A new House met in July and placed John Choate in the speaker's
chair. For the same sufficient reason, their choice was set aside by
the executive power. In this hard-fought contest the Governor, aided
by Parliament, finally prevailed, and the Land Bank Company was
dissolved.
In 1745, Capt. Choate obtained leave of absence from his seat, to go
with Gen. Pepperell to Cape Breton. In that brilliant enterprise he
commanded the eighth Massachusetts regiment, and, by appointment
of the Commander, acted as Judge Advocate General. At a later
period he was sent to Albany one of three commissioners to treat
with the Six Nations.
Col. Choate was a religious man of strong convictions and very
decided opinions, which he did not hesitate to assert, and knew haw
to defend. To plan and build the stone bridge in Ipswich; which still
bears his name, was among the last acts of his life. In America, at
least in our part of it, the idea of an arched bridge of stone was at
that time an absolute novelty, and to Col. Choate's honest neighbors
seemed the very height of absurdity. At the outset of the work, and
during its entire progress, the encouragement which he received was
near akin to that which cheered and strengthened the first great ship-
wright on record. The success was complete, and the scoffers in
this case were not drowned.
Col. Choate left no children, having lost several in their infancy by
one of those epidemic and malignant diseases of the throat which
were fatally frequent in New England a century ago. This truly
great man died in 1766.
188
gage to a spot over and beyond Fort Wm. Henry;
having got there, they were ordered farther and then
still farther and finally, to move back to the place
which they left. By this time it was two hours after
noon. Several of the men fell from sheer exhaustion.
No wonder that Bagley's men that day felt " extremely
worried and fretted."
14. (Friday.) Mr. Emerson 10 "a right down, hearty
Christian minister, of savory conversation," takes his
breakfast in J. C.'s tent and joins in its devotions. J.
C. under the pressure of his disorder, "feels dull and
heavy, but not discouraged."
15. (Sat.) Three deserters came in from Ticonderoga,
10 This was the EEV. DANIEL EMERSON, who, having graduated at
Cambridge in 1739, became in 1743, the minister of Hollis in New
Hampshire. Under the wonderful oratory and contagious earnestness
of Whiten" eld he soon after came out an ardent preacher of the "New
Light " school. But time and sober experience are the natural cure
of over-heated zeal, and Mr. E. in later years seems to have settled
down into a substantial and widely useful minister. He was not only,
long the recognized leader of New Hampshire Congregationalism,
but did good service as a teacher of youth. One, at least, of his
pupils rose to renown, not without a grateful remembrance of the
man who fitted him for College. This was Jeremiah Smith, judge
and governor of New Hampshire. Mr. Emerson's first military ser-
vice was in 1755, as chaplain of a N. H. regiment, commanded -by
Col. Joseph Blanchard. That he and Mr. Cleaveland should take
kindly to one another was perfectly natural. They were alike in
ardor of temperament, as well as in activity of mind and character.
Harmonious in their opinions, they could also speak of similar expe-
riences, as they had both encountered no little obloquy in their early
ministry. Often too had they both hung with admiring rapture on
the lips of one whose melting pathos and all-subduing energy as an
orator of the pulpit and of the stump have probably never been
equalled. It is not difficult to conceive the themes which filled the
minds and warmed the hearts of these Christian Soldiers as they sat
before the camp fire walked arm in arm around the fortified lines
and wandered and chatted along the wooded shore of the loveliest of
lakes.
189
who say there were only 3500 men in the intreuchment
at the time of our attack. Their design, in case of being
driven out, was to take the whale boats, which were in
readiness, lay Crown Point in ashes, and then go to
Chambly, and make a stand till relief should come from
Canada. "Our return saved them a deal of trouble."
16. (Sabb.) J. C. preaches to his Regiment, many of
whom were absent from sickness. He was "considerably
straitened " in the morning, but had " more enlargement"
C ' O
in the afternoon. After that, he heard "a very good ser-
mon" on the Centurion, Cornelius, from the Church of
England minister, Mr. Ogilvie.
17. (Monday.) A general change in the position of
the regiments. Bagley's pitches tents on the ground
where Col. Titcomb 11 was killed, and proceeds to make
a breast work. J. C. to-day has much pain in his limbs,
feels very dull, and something low in spirits.
18. (Tues.) Not entirely well, but greatly relieved.
An order comes to build a vessel for the protection of
the Lake. At Stillwater, on the east side, two men were
killed and scalped to day. J. C. and eight others go on
the lake to fish. They caught five. Preparations for
building the vessel.
20. An ejaculatory petition for himself, still unwell
11 COL. MOSES TITCOMB was of Newbury, and his regiment in the
battle of Lake George, 1755, occupied the extreme right of Johnson's
line. Standing behind a large pine which stood near the breast-
work, he gave orders to his men as they lay along the ground. "While
in this position he was shot by Indians, who had crept up in the rear.
Another officer Lieut. Baron, who had taken the same shelter was
killed at the same time. His pastor, the Rev. John Lowell, some of
whose descendants have filled and still fill a large space in the public
eye, preached to Col. Titcomb and his men when about to leave for
the war, and again preached when his death was known. Both
sermons were published.
190
for his family, and for his flock. Many working parties
out to-day. Col. Bagley has just heard from Half-way-
brook, that last night ten men, on their way to Ft. George,
as an escort, were cut off when only two miles from their
stockade. One only escaped. On his arrival, the com-
mander, Col. Nichols, sent out 200 men who were re-
pulsed and chased by the enemy to within 150 yards of
their Fort. Three captains, Daken, Jones and Lawrence ;
two Lieutenants, Godfrey and Curtis ; Ensign Davis and
ten privates, were lost from this party. "A sore stroke,
this."
21. (Friday.) With brother E. C. he calls on Mr.
Pomroy and also on their brother, Aaron Cleaveland. 12
Capt. Fuller just returned from Half- way -Brook, reports
that they have found and buried eighteen who were killed
in the late engagement, that two were wounded and four-
teen are still missing. He says that the officers did their
duty but the men were cowardly. Another witness from
Half-way-Brook, Lt. Hutchins, says there were 20 killed
or mortally wounded, and that five only of the first ten
are now missing.
12 AARON CLKAVELAND was a respectable farmer of Canterbury,
Conn., where he lived on the old homestead. I think he was a sub-
altern officer in the campaign of 1758. As early as 1774 he com-
manded the Canterbury company, which in the following year he led
to Cambridge at the call of Gen. Putnam. He was afterwards a col-
onel of the state militia, and died 1785, aged 57. His son, Moses,
entered Yale College just before the war began left, for a time, to
take part in the conflict, in which he served as captain of miners and
engineers then returned and graduated in 1777. He settled as a
lawyer in his native town, and was energetic and successful. In 179(3
he went as commissioner from Connecticut to look after her interests
in northwestern Ohio. The now prosperous city of Cleveland stands
upon the site which he selected, and from him derives its name.
Gen. Moses Cleaveland died in 1806, aged 52. William Pitt Cleave-
land, another son of Col. Aaron Cleaveland, was favorably known as
a lawyer and judge. He lived in New London.
191
22. Sat. "This morning Jon a Marshall of Chehacco
broke out with the small pox." He was sent to the Hos-
pital at Ft. Edward. At ten this morning there was a
meeting of all the provincial chaplains now at the Lake.
After the exercises they agreed to meet for prayer every
Tuesday and Friday, at 10 A. M. This evening, Col.
Schuyler 13 and Mr. Clark, who had been captured at Os-
wego by the French, and who had come home on their
parole, set off from here with Flag of Truce consisting of
twenty-one, and also with a Frenchman, who had been
taken by us in 1755. It was the purpose of Schuyler
and Clark to give themselves up to the French at Ticon-
deroga. A letter from Mary Cleaveland informs her
husband (J. C.) that her brother, Neherniah Dodge is
"near the gates of death." At the same time, says J. C.,
I "received a letter from my good and cordial friend, Mr.
William Story, 14 of Boston."
13 This was PETER SCHUVLKR, of New Jersey. Col. Schuyler had
been made prisoner by the French, and had been set free on his
parole. But when the capitulation of Fort William Henry was
declared null by the British, Montcalm sent orders for Scbuyler to
return. He went back, but, as this Journal shows, was not long
detained. In 1759 he was again in active service, at the head of the
regiment which he had long commanded, that well- disciplined and
famous corps, the "Jersey Blues." He died at his home on the Pas-
saic, near Newark, in 1762, "leaving a high character for bravery
and chivalrous honor."
14 The Storys, of Chebacco, were among its oldest and best families.
WILLIAM STORY, between whom and J. C. there existed an almost
fraternal affection, had settled as a man of business in Boston. In the
" separatist" society of School street, he was the leading man, and in
May, 1746, he, as a delegate from that church, went with Mr. Cleave-
land to organize the new society in Chebacco. Two years later, he
and others, in consequence of a disagreement with Mr. Cresswell,
formed another "Separate" society, in Boston. A council, of which
Mr. J. C. was scribe, met at the house of Mr. Story, and ordained
Ephraim Clark pastor of the new church. Letters of William Story
still preserved, and written in a clear and beautiful hand, and well ex-
pressed, indicate a degree of culture beyond the average of that time.
192
"23. Sabb. This forenoon preached with some free-
dom from Mai. 1, 6, a son honoreth his father and a
servant his master, &c., 15 the people (gave) good attention
and many of the regulars attended, O that God would set
the truths of the gospel home upon the hearts of all, and
that my heart may be encouraged and my hands strength-
ened in the work of God. preached again in the after-
noon from the same words ( ) to a more numerous
auditory, consisting not only of my own regiment" (but
also) "of regulars and Highlanders ; received a letter
from my dear friend Kufus Lothrop also heard my class-
mate commiss 7 Lyman is dead and buried at Albany." 16
24. (Mond.) The reverend brothers C. take a walk
to-day. In the first place, they go around the entire en-
campment, with careful inspection, and come to the con-
clusion that it is strong enough to withstand twenty or
thirty thousand men, who attack only with small arms.
Then they walk along the border of the Lake and glance
at the new vessel on the stocks, which they seem to have
regarded as the predestined victim of fire, or of water.
25. (Tues.) One of the Regulars was hanged this
morning. His crime was stealing. He confessed on the
ladder that he had led a very bad life, arid warned his
fellow soldiers not to follow his poor example.
The Chaplains meet in Emerson's tent. Eels and
Pomroy pray. At past Two, P. M. the Flag of Truce
which went down the Lake with Col. Schuyler, returned,
15 One Joseph Ilsley, of Newbury, was out in 1758, as second lieut.
of Capt. Joseph NewhalPs Company, in Col. Bagley's regiment. In
the brief record which he kept, and which has been sent to me by a
friend, I find this entry : " July 23, 1758, sermon preached by Rev.
Mr. Cleveland, our chaplain, Malachi i, G verse all day same text."
There are similar entries for Aug. 6 and 27, and for Sept. 3.
16 We have evidence that Rufus Lathrop was living in Norwich as
late as 1794, and was still kindly remembered by the friend of his
youth. The "classmate and commissary" was Elihu Lyman.
193
having left the Colonel behind. "I understand that the
French have got a camp at the place where we landed, or
rather, where our advance guard was, and another camp
at the Mills."
26. (Wed.) In the morning J. C. calls on all his
brother chaplains. His own brothers Eben and Aaron
spend the afternoon with him. He puts up a short prayer.
27. (Thurs.) Though it is rainy, all the regiments
are ordered to parade for a review by the General at 9
o'clock. Three men of Col. Williams' reg 1 died last night.
Alarm guns were heard this forenoon fired, it appears,
at Half-way-Brook, and caused by Indians who were seen
at Fort Ann. "Lieut. Elves of the h. h." (Highlanders?)
"told in my hearing this clay, his solid opinion was that
the reason why the General ordered the retreat from
Ticouderoga, was his hearkening to boys who never saw
a Fight and neglecting to ask counsel of knowing officers,
and that it was fact he never did ask counsel of any one
experienced officer in the army."
28. (Friday.) The chaplain dreams. In sleep he saw
his wife the meeting at first was joyous but soon she
began to censure him so he took his staff and was making
off when he awoke not without sadness at the thought
of home, yet glad that his dream was only a dream. At
the chaplain's meeting to-day the prayers were offered by
Mr. Ingersoll of Col. Wooster's reg 1 and Mr. Johnston,
chaplain of the Highlanders: "two excellent prayers,
solemn and fervent." The diarrhoea still troublesome.
29. Sat. There was an alarm in the middle of the
night caused by news from Half-way-brook, to the effect
that our wagon train and guard had been cut off by the
enemy, and a thousand men were immediately despatched
to South-Bay to intercept the foe.
It is said that the savages killed 13 or 14 women that
194
the regulars of the Guard, with one exception, were
killed, and that the Provincials took to their heels. With
the liquor which they took the Indians got drunk. On
discovering this some English officers asked assistance
from Col. Hart, 17 who had half of his regiment with him,
and he refused.
30. (Sabb.) This morning word came before day-
17 The first mention of COL. HART in this Journal is far from favor-
able. From the facts as stated we are compelled to feel that his
refusal of succor was unparclonably cruel. But we read later in the
diary that a military tribunal took cognizance of the case, and we are
left to infer that he was acquitted. On this point we have, indeed,
more than mere negative evidence. The "New Hampshire Gazette"
for Sept. 22, 1758, contains the following paragraph. "By a letter
from Lake George of the 7th instant we are informed that John Hart,
Esq., Colonel of the New Hampshire regiment now in his Majesty's
service had received his Tryal, and was acquitted with honor by the
whole Court." Before this ancient paragraph had been hunted up for
me by a Portsmouth gentleman, I wrote to the late Chief Justice
Perley, of Concord, asking if he could give me any additional infor-
mation concerning Col. Hart. Unable to look into the matter himself
for he was even then down with the malady which soon deprived
New Hampshire of her greatest jurist he promptly referred me to
Judge Nesmith, of Franklin, Dr. Boutou of Concord and Mr. W. H.
T..Hackett, of Portsmouth. Judge Nesrnith's reply was instant and
copious ; but, alas, it asserted that Col. Hart and his regiment went
in 1758, not to Lake George, but to Louisburg, where he and many of
his men took the small pox and died. To accept this as truth would
be to confess that an important part of my grandfather's record is
pure fiction. The venerable Dr. Bouton explored books and docu-
ments thought that there was reason to doubt the truth of the story
that Hart died at Louisburg, but could find nothing to disprove it.
Mr. Hackett was very kind made much inquiry in and around Ports-
mouth and applied to supposed descendants of Col. Hart now living
in Vermont; all, without obtaining a single gleam of light. At
this stage I submitted the case, with its difficulties, to a friend of
many years, Lory Odell, Esq., of Portsmouth. A week had not
elapsed when his answer came authentic and complete in its de-
tails and solving the problem beyond all doubt.
I have given here this short account of a historical quest finally
successful, not only in grateful acknowledgment to the gentlemen
195
break from Rogers at South Bay that he had found about
twenty of the enemy's boats and thought that there
were yet more. These boats were on Lake George.
Before the sun was up, Gen. Lyman and Col. Havilaud 18
who so kindly endeavoi'ed to aid me, but as an encouragement to
others who may be prosecuting similar inquiries.
I can now say confidently that John Hart was of an old and respect-
able family in Portsmouth, N. H., where his position in life was that
of a master ship-builder. We hear of him as early as 1753, when he
deeded to the town for purposes of interment the land still known
as the North Burying Ground. In 1754 he was on the board of select-
men. In the Crown Point expedition of 1756, he was Lieut. Col. of a
New Hampshire regiment under the command of Col. Nathaniel
Meserve. In 1758, as our Journal abundantly shows, he commanded
a regiment at Fort Edward and at Lake George. In the years 1759,
1760 and 1761, there is evidence that he was yet in the public employ.
A headstone still to be seen in the ground which he sold to the town
informs us that he died on the 30th of October, 1777, aged seventy- two
years. The false statement above referred to in regard to his death ap-
peared probably first in print iu a gossipping book known as "Brews-
ter's Rambles around Portsmouth." It is a fact that Col. Nathaniel
Meserve, also a Portsmouth master ship-builder, did go with many of
his craftsmen in the summer of 1758, to help Sir Geoffry Amherst take
Louisburg, and it is equally certain that he and several of his skilled
workmen died there of small pox. It is easy enough to see how, in
the legends and traditions of later times, the two men might be con-
founded, or both of them consigned to the same fate.
18 WILLIAM HAVILAND was an Irishman, born in 1718. He was
in service under Vernon in the deadly climate of Carthagena, and
was an aide of Gen. Blakeuey in the rebellion of 1745. In 1752 he
was made Lieut. Col. of the 27th Foot, also known as the Iniskillings.
It was these men whom he led against Montcalm's fatal lines, as w"ell
as in the more successful campaigns which followed. This regiment
was afterwards mounted, and the Iniskillings, in company with their
inseparable and beloved comrades, the Scotch Greys, have shown
their mettle on many a bloody field, and in almost every region oT the
globe. They were among the heroes of Waterloo, and, at Bala-
clava, three hundred of these gallant horsemen, under Gen. Scarlett,
charged, penetrated, and dispersed, a mass of more than two thousand
well appointed Russian cavalry ; an exploit not less daring, and far
more useful, than the world-renowned blunder of Cardigan's Light
Brigade.
(14)
196
with twelve hundred Provincials and Regulars were em-
barked and on the way to join Rogers. Col. Bagley,
with four hundred or five hundred additional troops,
having the same destination, left in "battoes" and whale-
boats this afternoon. J. C. preached as usual, and had
many Regulars among his auditors.
Col. Haviland came out with Lord London in 1757. This Journal
makes frequent mention of him in 1758. In 1759 he was with Gen.
Amherst, and in high command, for he led the van of the army, as it
pursued the retreating foe. In 1760, as Brig. Gen., he commanded
the expedition of regulars and provincials, which reduced Isle aux
Noix, St. Johns and Chambly. He had great mechanical ingenuity, a
talent which he turned to good account in some of his military opera-
tions. At the reduction of Martinique in 1762, he was second in com-
mand. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and of General,
and died in 1784.
[To be continued.]
THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
DESTRUCTION OF TEA IN BOSTON HARBOR,
WITH A SKETCH OF WILLIAM KUSSELL, OF BOSTON,
ONE OF THE -'TEA DESTROYERS."
BY JAMES KIMBALL.
[READ ON TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 16, 1873.]
WE have assembled this evening in commemoration of
the one hundredth anniversary of the "Boston Tea Party,"
or in other words, in commemoration of the destruction
of three hundred and forty-two chests of tea, in Boston
Harbor on the evening of Dec. 16, 1773.
It must be admitted that the act itself was the combined
resistance of the people of the New England Colonies,
expressed through the people of Boston, against an ob-
noxious law enacted by the Parliament of Great Britain,
and promulgated to the Colonies as the law of the land,
requiring obedience and support, until repealed by lawful
authority.
Our fathers considered this particular act unjustifiable
and oppressive ; in conflict with their right of self-govern-
ment ; and from their inability to test their colonial rights
in a judicial manner, they resorted to the only prompt
method that was open to them, of resisting its operation,
and thus bringing the question of its legality to a speedy
solution.
The first century having passed, and standing as we do
upon the threshold of the second, it may not be unprofit-
able for us of to-day to refresh our memories as to the
(197)
198
causes that led to the uprising of the people on the mem-
orable 16th of Dec., 1773, and which culminated in the
important and significant act of an open resistance to the
authority of the British Parliament.
From the standpoint of to-day, after having endured
the burden of taxation on almost everything that enters
into our daily wants, we might consider the imposition of
the trifling tax, of threepence a Ib. on tea a very small
matter; but our fathers considered it only as an unjust
and tyrannical measure of the British Ministry, and as an
usurpation of authority not to be submitted to. Having
tried persuasive measures with no prospect of success,
the only course left to them (as they saw it) was to de-
stroy "the worst of plagues, the detestable tea," and thus
prove that they were ready to risk the consequences, and
show their manly opposition to the machinations of British
tyranny.
1760. The death of George the 2d, and the accession
of George the 3d, opened a new era in the history of
the colonies.
After the conquest of Canada, and peace with France
in 1763, the people of the colonies expected a revival of
her trade, and an advancement in her prosperity. It had
been the policy of the Home Government to repress all
attempts of the Colonies in the developments of her man-
ufacturing industries, especially in those branches which
might affect the industries of Britain.
The manufacture of iron was especially forbidden ; as
early as 1750, an act was passed preventing the manu-
facture of pig, or bar iron, or the erection of an} r furnace
for making of steel ; or, after erection, continued in any of
his Majesty's Colonies in America. (23d, George 2d,
Chap. 29, Sec. 9.)
The population of Massachusetts amounted at the close
199
of the French War to about two hundred and fifty thou-
sand. Her commerce and fisheries employed from five to
six hundred vessels, mostly owned in Salem, Boston, and
Marblehead.
There were about three hundred sail employed in the
Bank Fisheries, and a large number of boats in the Bay,
with about one hundred sail in the mackerel fishing. The
value of their products, including dry and pickled fish and
liver oil was estimated at one hundred and sixty thousand
pounds sterling per annum ; two-fifths of the Bank fish,
being merchantable, were shipped to Spain, Portugal, and
Italy, the net proceeds being remitted to Great Britain.
The remaining three-fifths, being unfit for the European
markets, were shipped with the pickled fish and mackerel
to the West Indies, and were there exchanged for sugar
and molasses.
About two hundred vessels were employed in the
freighting of the products of the Colonies, averaging
two voyages annually. Lumber of all kinds, provisions,
horses, and many other articles, the products of the Colo-
nies, found a ready market in the West Indies.
In addition to the fisheries, the demand for vessels for
the foreign and coastwise trade, had largely stimulated
ship-building. Before the war with Canada three hundred
vessels had been built annually. Some of these vessels
sailed direct to Europe with cargoes consisting of lumber,
naval stores, pot and pearlash, fish and oil, and many
other articles, all the production of the Colonies, the pro-
ceeds of all which were remitted to Great Britain, to pay
for the goods we received from them.
Another branch of our commerce was that to Africa,
where we shipped large quantities of New England rum
to supply the traders in ships from Great Britain, with
whom it was exchanged for other European goods, brought
200
out by them, by which they were enabled to conduct their
trade to much better advantage. This rum was exchanged
for slaves, which were sent to the West Indies for sale,
and paid for with bills on London. The proceeds of this
trade centring in London. (Observations by Com. of
Merchants of Boston, Pub. 1769.)
By an act of 1733, which was still in force, a duty of
sixpence a gallon was placed on all foreign molasses
brought into the Colonies. In case of forfeiture, one-third
went to the Government, one-third to the Informer, one-
third to the Governor. This act had been enforced very
strictly up to the present time ; interfering very much in
times past with the trade of the Colonies, by the construc-
tion placed upon the meaning of the act. Large sums
had been collected under it, and great abuses committed
in the name of law.
After the conquest of Canada, the Ministry of Great
Britain had more time to look after the Colonies. The
growing spirit of independence in speech and thought
must be crushed out. Some of the discerning men
of Great Britain foresaw the end from the beginning.
Franklin was told in 1760, by one who was afterward
raised to the Peerage (Pratt, afterwards Lord Camden) ,
"I know that you will one day throw off dependence upon
this Country, and notwithstanding your boasted affection,
will set up for Independence." "No such idea is enter-
tained in the minds of the Americans ; and no such idea
will ever enter their heads unless you greatly abuse them, "
was the prompt reply of Franklin. " Very true, " was the
rejoinder, "that is one of the main causes I see will hap-
pen, and will produce the event."
The prediction was nearer its fulfilment than either of
these statesmen expected.
1760. The merchants of Boston were determined to
201
test the legality of the proceedings under this Act, and
brought their grievances by petition before the General
Court. This petition was referred to a committee who
reported in their favor, and their report was accepted in
both branches, but negatived by Gov. Bernard.
Whilst the minds of the people were exercised in rela-
tion to the veto of the Governor, orders were received
from the Board of Trade in England, directing the Officers
of the Customs in America to apply to the Justices of the
Supreme Courts for Writs of Assistance to enable them
to carry into more vigorous execution the " Acts of Trade "
which had been enacted by the British Parliament.
"In many of the Provinces these Writs had already been
denied by the Courts," 1 but the necessity of granting them,
as compared with Massachusetts, was so small that they
were allowed to pass by in silence.
The Officers of the Customs, being encouraged no doubt
by the veto of Gov. Bernard, petitioned the Court of Jus-
tices to grant them "Writs of Assistance," giving them
the right of search for "uncustomed goods." Their pro-
ceedings were universally opposed, and condemned by
the general sentiment of the people, and James Otis was
selected in behalf of the people, to argue the question
before the full Bench of Justices.
1761. The petition of the Officers of the Customs on
behalf of the Crown was argued in Feb., 1761, Hon.
Jeremy Gridley, 2 attorney general of the province, ap-
1 J. Adams, Amsterdam letters.
2 It is due to the character of Mr. Gridley to say that he was decid-
edly opposed to the action of the British Ministry, but as attorney
general was obliged to defend the obnoxious Writs of Assistance,
and encountered the powerful opposition of his former pupil, James
Otis. He was a man of great legal attainments, of fine talents, of dis-
tinguished learning and virtue. Died in Brookline, Sept., 1767.
(Drake's Hist. Biog.)
202
pearing for the King, and in defence of the propriety of
granting the officers of the Crown the power to search, etc.,
and urges "to refuse the Writ of Assistance, even if the
common privileges of Englishmen are thus taken away is
to deny, that the Parliament of Great Britain is the Sov-
ereign Legislature of the British Empire."
James Otis, in his answer to the attorney general, says,
"I am determined to my dying day to oppose with all the
powers and faculties God has given me, all such instru-
ments of slavery on the one hand, and villany on the
other, as this Writ of Assistance." Again he says, "The
freedom of one's house is an essential branch of English
liberty. A man's house is his castle, and while he is
quiet he is as well guarded as his Prince. This Writ, if
declared legal, annihilates this privilege. Officers and
their minions may enter our houses when they please
and we cannot resist them ; upon base suspicion they may
institute a search. The only authority found for it is a
law enacted in the zenith of arbitrary power, when Star
Chamber abuses were pushed to extremity by some igno-
rant Clerk of the Exchequer."
The appeal of Otis was of no avail. The officers were
granted all the authority they desired, it being under-
stood that the Chief Justice Hutchinson controlled the
action of the court. So much excitement was caused by
their decision that the whole question was referred to the
Home Government for instructions.
In Feb., 1763, England, having ratified a treaty of
peace with France and Spain, the ministry had leisure to
turn their attention to the American Colonies. Accord-
ingly Lord Grenville, on the meeting of Parliament in
1764, moved a "Number of Resolutions for raising a
Revenue in America, and also to enact a Bill called the
Stamp Act."
203
The bill for raising a revenue from importations was
hurried through Parliament, and received the royal assent,
but the Stamp Act failed of receiving votes enough to
become a law.
The most obnoxious part of the Revenue Act was an
additional duty on sugar of twenty-two shillings per
hundred pounds on white, -and five shillings on brown.
This duty was to be paid into the British Exchequer, for
defraying the expenses, protecting and securing the Brit-
ish Colonies in America.
The news of the passage of this act caused much ex-
citement in New England ; but as the most obnoxious
feature of the original bill, viz., the Stamp Act, which
had been impending over them was lost, their fears sub-
sided and they endeavored to accommodate themselves to
the new conditions of trade with as much ease as possible.
With the commencement of the year 1765, the Stamp
and Mutiny Acts were passed. The" Stamp Act required
the affixing of stamps or the use of stamped paper, in
all of the business transactions throughout the colonies.
Whilst the Mutiny Act required the colonies to furnish
the troops quartered upon them for the enforcement of
these obnoxious measures with sustenance and necessary
quarters.
The passage of these bills aroused the spirit of Liberty
throughout the Colonies. To be required to support
and maintain foreign troops in their midst in a time of
peace, they understood to mean a determination to exe-
cute the king's instructions, and the obnoxious laws
which were to be forced upon them, backed by foreign
bayonets.
In July, by a change in the British Ministry, Pitt, the
champion of liberty and law, was recalled to office. The
people of Boston, desirous of signifying their joy at the
204
recalling of Pitt, resolved to celebrate the birthday of
the Prince of Wales, which came on the 12th of August.
Bonfires were kindled in King street (now State) and
the people gave themselves up for a day of general re-
joicing, crowds of people filling the streets, rending the
air with shouts of "Pitt and Liberty."
The "Sons of Liberty" 3 were determined on some
public demonstration 1 of their joy that the " Champion of
the Rights of Man, and of Liberty for all Men" was now
a power in the ministry. The people on the morning of
the 14th of August, as they passed the liberty tree, 4 be-
3 But little is known of the organization of the "Sons of Liberty"
at the present day. They were very truly a secret society ; not even
the roll of its members has ever come to light. It had its secret lan-
guage of recognition, by which they were able to protect themselves
from impostors or informers, and they were bound together in defence
of "Equality before the Law."
The following is from a private manuscript in my possession, writ-
ten by Col. John Russell in 1850, whose father was one of the " Sons,''
and an active participator during those stirring scenes (with Paul
Kevere, Melville, Sprague, etc.), a school master living during the
war on Temple street, Boston. Col. Russell says, " The Sons of Lib-
erty consisted of an association of spirited men, who were determined
to resist the oppressive edicts of the British Ministry, and to sustain
and support each other in their efforts to rescue the town and country
from the thraldom of tyrannic power. On public occasions each
member wore suspended from his neck a medal, on one side of which
was the figure of a stalwart arm, grasping in its hand a pole sur-
mounted with a Cap of Liberty, and surrounded by the words, 'Sons
of Liberty.' On the reverse was the emblem of the Liberty Tree.
One of these medals I once had in my possession, with the initials of
my father's name, W. R., engraved thereon, but it was many years
ago irrecoverably lost."
4 " The Liberty Tree was the largest and most prominent of a num-
ber of very fine elm trees that stood near what is now the corner of
Essex and Washington streets, opposite Boylston street (Frog-lane)
and which were destroyed by the British soldiers whilst they held
possession of Boston. The spot was designated for a long period
after its destruction by a liberty pole, which was described as being
205
held an effigy of Andrew Oliver, "the Infamous Stamp
Master," suspended by the neck therefrom, dressed in his
robes of office, and accompanied with the emblems of
Lord Bute (the friend of Grenville) a pair of "jack
boots" with his Satanic Majesty peeping out of the top,
and holding the stamp act in his hands. Chief Justice
Hutchinson ordered the Sheriff to cut down the obnoxious
image, but he was given to understand by the crowd that
they were to swing during their pleasure where they were.
Gov. Bernard called together the Honorable Council,
but the majority were adverse to taking any action against
the joy of the people. In the evening the concourse of
people was greatly increased by the people of the adjoin-
ing towns, when the effigies were taken down, and placed
upon a bier, and, supported by bearers, was by them
borne, as in a funeral procession, through the principal
streets to the town house ; here they halted near the coun-
cil chamber, with shouts of "liberty, property, no stamps."
Three cheers were then given, and the procession passed
on to Oliver's Dock at the foot of the present Kilby street,
where a building occupied by Stamp Master Oliver as an
office was speedily demolished, and the materials, carried
to the top of Fort Hill, were (with the effigies of Oliver
and Bute) burnt in one huge bonfire in front of Oliver's
house.
near by Ezekiel Russell's Printing House and Book Shop, sign of the
Bible and Heart. The public spirited owner of the liberty tree block
has saved from oblivion the memory of this spot sacred to the cause
of liberty, by the erection upon it of a beautiful building, with a rep-
resentation of the liberty tree cut in freestone and inserted in the
front of the building.
Col. Russell was born in Boston in 1779, served his time with Maj.
Ben. Russell of the ' Columbian Centinel,' printed at Boston, and
when a boy, from his family connection with the events of the revo-
lution, took a great interest in these historic associations."
206
It was fully believed by the people of Boston that
Hutchinsoii would enforce the "Infamous Stamp Act,"
and cause it to be fully executed by Requiring stamps to
be affixed to all instruments used in the courts, and they
resolved to pay him a visit. On the evening of the 26th
of August, after calling upon several of the officers of the
customs, a large concourse of the citizens assembled in
front of the house of the Chief Justice in " Garden Court
Street." His house was sacked, all his furniture and
papers were burned in the street, and the house and con-
tents were left a mass of ruins.
Gov. Bernard immediately assembled the Council, and
a reward of three hundred pounds was offered for the
ringleaders, and one hundred pounds for other persons
interested therein, but it availed nothing. No discov-
eries were made.
The news of the excitement in America in relation to
the Stamp Act had reached England, and advices were
sent back advising conciliatory measures on the part of
the custom officials, and all others to whom the execution
of the act was intrusted.
On the 1st of November the Act was to take effect.
The people had fully determined to resist the enforce-
ment. In Boston the bells were tolled and minute guns
were fired ; vessels in port displayed their colors at half-
mast, and even the children in the street caught up the
popular motto, and shouted "Liberty, Property, No
Stamps."
In the evening the effigy of Lord Grenville, which had
hung suspended from the Liberty Tree during the day,
was cut down, carried to the gallows, and suspended
thereon, after which it was torn in pieces by the populace.
Business of every kind was completely paralyzed ; the
people were awaiting results. A meeting of the town's
207
people being notified for the 18th of December, Oliver,
the Stamp Master, took the precaution to resign, and, in
the presence of two thousand people, an oath was admin-
istered to him by one of the magistrates of Boston, under
the Liberty Tree, "that he would never act in that office
either directly or indirectly." (Gov. Bernard's letter to
Hillsborough.) The "Massachusetts Gazette" of the 19th
inst. says "that the dampness of the weather, on this day,
did not damp the ardor of the people."
There was no doubt in the mind of the Stamp Master
as to the origin of the call for this last meeting. The
14th of Aug. was a gentle reminder of what might be
expected. The Sons of Liberty were prompt in action,
composed of the leading men of the day. The governor
himself feared them, and desired to arrest some of their
leaders, and send them to England to be tried for treason.
In one of his private letters written to Lord Hillsborough
in 1768, in setting forth the difficulties and embarrass-
ments in the way of removing from office those of the
justices who oppose the authority of the king, he says,
"And yet, my Lord, I would not insinuate that we have no
fit objects for such a censure ; the Sons of Liberty have
not been without Magistrates. We have seen Justices
attending at Liberty Tree ; one to administer an Oath to
the Stamp Master, when he was obliged to swear that he
would not execute his Office ; another to perform the
Function of Toast Master ; a third to consult but lately
about fortifying the Town, etc. All these are included in
two lists, which your Lordship has, that of the five Select-
men who signed the circular letter for a Convention, of
which all but the first are in the Commission, and that
of the eight Justices who signed the refusal to Billet the
Soldiers. Now if the Censure of these Proceedings
should produce an Order to me to supersede the Commis-
208
sions of these Gentlemen, it would be a Trial of the
Power of the Governor." Again, "It is true the Gov r
with the advice of his Council can supersede him ; but if
he acts in a Popular Cause, under which Opposition to
Government finds it easy to shelter itself, the Council,
who are themselves the creatures of the People, will
never join with the Governor in censuring the Overflow-
ings of Liberty.
1766. The Merchants of Boston to the number of two
hundred, had agreed to import no more goods from Eng-
land, and countermanded those already ordered until the
Stamp Act was repealed. At the commencement of this
year John Adams wrote "this year brings Kuin, or Sal-
vation to the British Colonies."
Lord Grenville, in answer to Pitt in Parliament, cen-
sured the British Ministry for not giving an earlier notice
of the disturbances in America, saying, "Lately they
were only occurrences ; they are now grown to disturb-
ances, to tumults and riots. 1 doubt not they border on
open rebellion ; and if the doctrine I have heard this day
be confirmed, I fear they will lose that name and take
that of Revolution."
On the 18th of March the repeal of the Stamp Act
was approved by the king, and was received with great
joy throughout the laud. The 19th of May was set apart
as a day of rejoicing. The bell of Dr. Mather Byles
church (Hollis street church), as the nearest to the Lib-
erty Tree, began to ring at one o'clock in the morning.
The chime on Christ church, at the north end -of the
town, responded. The steeples were decorated with flags.
Liberty Tree was dressed in flags and brilliantly illumi-
nated in the evening. "Open house" was kept by several
of the public spirited men ; John Hancock gave a mag-
nificent entertainment to the "gentry," not forgetting the
209
populace, treating them to a pipe of Maderia wine of his
own importation. The celebration of the repeal was
carried through by the ''Sons of Liberty" in an orderly
and dignified manner. At midnight, at the tap of the
drum, the crowd quietly dispersed, and in one half hour
the town was in complete repose. (Hewes' Memoir.)
Aug. 14. The anniversary of the outbreak against the
Stamp Act was celebrated with great parade by the Sons
of Liberty. An account of the celebration was sent to
England, reporting the treasonable conduct of the Sons
of Liberty, who had drank toasts to the health of Otis,
"the American Hampden who first proposed a Congress."
(Mass. Hist., 328.)
lu July, 1767, news was received that a new Revenue
Act had been carried through Parliament to go into ope-
ration in November. The new measure established a
board of commissioners of customs, and also legalized
the issuing of writs of assistance. The revenue collected
by the new Act was to be disposed of at the pleasure of
the king.
The news of the passage of the new act created great
excitement throughout the colonies, proving to the people
that the ministry had not abandoned the right of taxation
with the repeal of the Stamp Act. One of the patriots
of Boston said on hearing of the passage of the new
measure, "The die is thrown." "The Rubicon is passed."
The merchants said ; " We will form an immediate and
universal combination to eat nothing, drink nothing, wear
nothing imported from Great Britain."
Dr. Franklin obtained in 1772 or 1773, whilst in Lon-
don, a portion of the secret correspondence of Gov.
Hutchiuson, Bernard, Andrew Oliver, etc., from which
we are enabled to form some idea of the treachery of the
men who were placed over the administration of affairs
in Massachusetts.
210
Hutchinson writes to Earl of Hillsborough, Aug. 10,
"Yesterday, at a meeting of the merchants, it was agreed
by all present to give no more orders for goods from
England, nor receive any on Commission untill the late
acts are repealed, and it is said all but 16 in the town
have subscribed to that tenor. I hope the list will be
published, that I may transmit it to you."
Another letter written by the late Stamp Master Oliver
in relation to the petition sent to Parliament, says, "This
confirms me in an opinion that I have taken up a long
time since, that if there be no way to take off the origi-
nal incendiaries, they will continue to instill their poison
into the minds of the people, through the vehicle of the
BOSTON GAZETTE."
The Commissioners of the Customs arrived in Boston
and landed on the 5th of Nov., 1767. The populace
were excited. At a town meeting held of the 20th of
November, Otis counselled caution, and advised that no
opposition should be made to the new duties.
The Custom's Commissioner had informed the Home
Government that their own lives were endangered, and
that there were no ships of war in the province. Lieut.
Gov. Oliver writes to the Ministry, May 11, 1768, "The
Commissioners of the Customs have already been openly
affronted ; the Governor's Company of Cadets have come
to a resolution not to wait on him as usual on the day of
General Election the 25th inst., if these gentlemen are of
the company. And the town of Boston have passed a
vote that Faneuil Hall (in which the Governor and his
company usualty dine on that day) shall not be opened
to him if the Commissioners are invited to dine with
him."
June 10, a sloop belonging to John Hancock, named
the Liberty, was seized for an alleged breach of the Rev-
enue Laws. This aroused the people. The collector
advised the Commissioners to release the sloop, Mr. Han-
cock being willing to give bonds for the release of the
sloop 'for the sake of preserving public order.
June 18, Hutchinson gives the following account in his
letter to the Earl of Hillsborough, saying "That the Com-
missioners of the Customs had been obliged to withdraw
from the town and go on board the Romney Frigate, with
the intent'to remove to the Castle. He represents that a
sloop belonging to Mr. Hancock, a wealthy merchant of
Boston, and a Representative, of great influence over the
populace, was seized for a notorious breach of the acts
of trade, and taken into custody by the officers of the
Romney man of war, and removed under her guns. A
mob was immediately raised, the officers insulted, bruised,
and much hurt. The Governor pressed his Council to
assist them, with their advice, but they declined ; not
considering how much it must be resented in England."
Mr. Paxtou informs the ministry under date of the
20th of June, 1768, "that they had been obliged to seek
protection on board his Majesty's ship Romney, and
unless we have immediately two or three regiments 'tis
the opinion of all the friends of government that Boston
will be in open rebellion.
June 14, a meeting of the ""Sons of Liberty," was held
at "Liberty Hall " (a large space or clearing under the
Liberty Tree, so called), where they voted to request
the authorities of the town to call a public meeting of the
people at Faneuil Hall. The Selectmen called a meeting
at 3 o'clock P.M., but such was the concourse that they
were obliged to adjourn to the Old South meeting house.
(Bernard wrote to Hillsborough, June 16, that at least
four thousand men came out of the country for that pur-
pose.) James Otis, Esq., was chosen moderator. An
(15)
212
address was voted to the governor, and the meeting ad-
journed to the next day at 4 o'clock, P.M. On assem-
bling, Mr. Otis addressed the meeting, urging upon the
people in the strongest terms the preservation of public
order, and expressing the hope and belief that their
grievances would be redressed ; and added : "if not and
we are called upon to defend our liberties and privileges,
I hope and believe we shall, one and all, resist even unto
blood. But I pray God Almighty that this may never so
happen.
The address was presented to Gov. Bernard at his
residence, but he refused, in his reply, to order the re-
moval of the Romney Frigate.
The General Assembly of Massachusetts, in consid-
ering the new Revenue Act in 1767, and the great dif-
ficulties that must arise from the enforcement of such
taxes, chose a committee of correspondence with the
rest of the Colonies, and urging them to act in concert
with them for its repeal.
On the 21st of June, 1768, Gov. Bernard communicates
to the General Assembly, a letter from Lord Hillsborough
of the 22d of April, expressing his majesty's displeasure,
"at their writing to other Colonies on the subject of their
representations against some late Acts of Parliament, and
that it was the King's pleasure, that the Assembly rescind
the vote which gave birth to the circular of the Speaker. "
A clause in the letter of Hillsborough, required the
Governor to dissolve the General Assembly, in case the
vote was not rescinded.
On the 30th of June the General Assembly refuse to
comply with the command of the King, by a vote of
ninety-two to seventeen. On the next day they were dis-
solved. The majority of the Assembly were praised
throughout the Colonies for their bold and manly defence
213
of their legislative rights. The glorious ninety-two was
a standing toast throughout the Country.
July 18. At a town meeting in Salem a vote was passed
thanking the Assembly "for their firmness in maintaining
our just rights, and liberties." The two representatives
from Salem being loyalists (William Brown and Peter
Frye) voted in the minority. They were described as
"His Enemy's interpreters of hard sayings."
(The King's Speech in Nov. says, that Boston had pro-
ceeded to measures "subversive of the Constitution.")
The town of Ipswich voted on the llth of August
"That they highly approve the conduct of those gentle-
men of the late House of Representatives who were for
maintaining the rights and liberties of their constituents,
and were against rescinding the resolves of a former
House." Dr. John Calef the representative from Ips-
wich also voted, with the seventeen minority, for which
he subsequently apologized in the "Essex Gazette" of
Salem, "that he regretted voting June 30, 1768, in favor
of the royalists ; that his purpose is to maintain the char-
ter rights against the late acts of Britain."
Aug. 14, the anniversary of the outbreak against the
Stamp Act was observed ; a large concourse assembled
under the Liberty Tree, under the direction of the Sous
of Libert}', and proceeded to Roxbury and partook of an
entertainment provided for the occasion. The selectmen
and representatives of the town were their guests.
An officer had arrived in Boston a few days before to
provide quarters for the troops that were soon expected.
The town authorities refused to furnish quarters for troops
in time of peace, standing upon their rights as Britons ;
contending that the Castle and Barracks were sufficient
for all military forces required by the Colony of Massa-
chusetts.
214
The fleet with troops, consisting of seven vessels of
War, arrived on the 28th of Sept. from Halifax.
The authorities of Boston having refused to provide on
the requisition of the Governor, Gen. Gage was compelled
with a northern winter before him, to hire such quarters
as he could procure at the expense of the King.
On landing, they expected to have met with resistance,
each soldier having been furnished with sixteen round of
shot. They marched up King street, with drums and
fifes playing, to the Common where a portion went into
camp; the rest were quartered for a time in the State
House and in Faneuil Hall.
In July, 1769, Gov. Bernard embarked for England
followed by the honest indignation of the people. His
departure was celebrated by the ringing of bells, firing of
guns, and with the usual bonfire in the evening. Thomas
Hutchinson was appointed as his successor. The corre-
spondence which was obtained in England over his sig-
nature proves that he was laboring to subvert the liberties
of the Colonies. Such expressions as these in his secret
correspondence show him to have been false to the laud
of his birth. "Keep secret every thing I write. " Suffer
no part of my letters to transpire," etc., etc.
It was understood that Parliament would introduce a
new bill abolishing most of the duties, but retaining that
on tea. This was not satisfactory to the merchants of
Boston, and nothing would have been but an entire aban-
donment of the right of taxation, an entire repeal of the
whole revenue system and the removal of all restrictions
imposed by the British Parliament.
Aug. 14, the anniversary of the outbreak against the
Stamp Act was celebrated this year with great parade.
The Sons of Liberty to the number of three hundred and
fifty dined together at Robinson's at the sign of the Lib-
215
erty tree in Dorchester. John Adams and several noted
men from the several Colonies were among the guests.
Two tables were laid in the open field, and set with four
hundred plates, with an awning of sailcloth overhead.
The toasts were spirited and appropriate. The 45th was
"Strong halters, firm blocks, and sharp axes, to such as
deserve either."
I find in an old manuscript an entry of this celebration
made by one of the Sons of Liberty, viz. :
May the Sons of Liberty
Shine with Lustre.
WILKES & LIBERTY
August the 14th, 1769.
Liberty without end.
Amen.
American Wilkes
Boston
The 92 evidently refers to "the glorious ninety-two"
who refused to rescind an act of the previous assembly,
and are referred to in a letter to Hillsborough, thus :
"others to make up a Procession of 45 Carriages & 92
Persons on the 14th of August last." The procession
returned to town before dark, marched around the state
house and dispersed quietly and in good order. The
procession is said to have been a mile and a half in
length.
In the early part of 1770 a Bill was passed repealing
all the American duties excepting that upon TEA. The
great question which agitated the public mind was not
the number of articles taxed, or the amount of the tax,
but the right of the British Parliament to tax an unrep-
resented British people. "In this respect we are treated
with less Decency, & Regard, than the Romans shewed
even to the Provinces which they had conquered. They
216
only determined upon the sum which each should furnish,
and left every Province to raise it in the manner most
easy and convenient for themselves." (Merchants of
Bost., p. 14.)
Threepence a pound on tea, or any amount, on any
other article, was a sufficient cause for the continuance of
the agitation ; and a determination to continue this agita-
tion until the right of taxation was abandoned by the
ministry.
Several vessels had arrived bringing the "obnoxious
commodity." No person being willing to risk its sale it
was put into store. The "Boston Gazette," in April,
1770, announces for the information of the adjacent towns,
"That there is not above one seller of tea in town, who
has not signed an agreement not to dispose of any tea
untill the late Ee venue Acts are repealed."
John Hancock offers one of his vessels free of charge
to reship what was then stored in Boston, his offer was
accepted, the vessel loaded with great dispatch and sent
back to London.
The people of Salem and Ipswich and most of the
towns on the seaboard, expressed publicly their opinions
by vote. In May the people of Salem choose a committee
of correspondence and inspection, "and subscribe against
the importation of English goods, and also of FOREIGN
TEA." In Ipswich the warrant for a town meeting calls
it "that pernicious weed," and one of their votes calls
" the excessive use of tea a bane to this country."
The murder of the German boy Snyder, by a person
by the name of Kiehardson, supposed to be in sympathy
with the Commissioners of Customs, increased the excite-
ment. It is related in the papers of the day substantially
as follows :
It seems that one "Lilly" had rendered himself ob-
217
noxious by importing contrary to his agreement, and was
advertised in the papers (Bost. Gaz., Feb. 26, 1770).
Some of the people during the night preceding the 22d
of Feb., 1770, set up near the store of Lilly a carved
head on a pole, with the name of some of the importers
upon it, and underneath a hugh hand pointing to Lilly's
shop door. This device attracted a crowd of boys, who
probably entered into the humor of the caricature as well
as their elders. Richardson endeavored to get a country-
man to run the post and image down with his team, but
failed. Upon this the boys began shouting, and no doubt
some epithets were bestowed upon him which excited his
ire, as he was suspected of being an "informer." The
result was, Richardson rushed into his house and pro-
cured a shot gun and discharged it into the crowd. A
boy about eleven years of age by the name of Snider was
wounded so badly that he died, and a son of John Gore 5
was badly wounded.
This affair produced great excitement. The "Boston
Gazette" says that "the untimely death of this amiable
youth will be a standing monument to posterity, that the
time was when innocence itself was not safe." The
"Boston Gazette" gives the notice of the funeral of the
boy Snider in the following communication :
"Messrs. EDES & GILL :
The general Sympathy and Concern for the murder of
the lad by the base and infamous Richardson, on the 23d,
will be a sufficient Reason for your notifying the Publick
that he will be buried from his house in Frogg Lane,
opposite Liberty Tree, on Monday, when all the friends
of Liberty may have an opportunity of paying their last
Respects to the remains of this little HERO, and first
martyr to the noble Cause, whose manly spirit (after this
accident happened) appeared in his discreet Answers to
3 Christopher Gore, afterwards Gov. of Massachusetts.
218
his doctor, and Thanks to the Clergyman who prayed
with him, and the Firmness of mind he shewed when he
first saw his Parents, and while he underwent the greatest
distress of bodily Pain ; and with which he met the King
of Terrors. These things, together with the several
heroic Pieces found in his Pocket, particularly Wolfe's
'Summit of human Glory" gives reason to think he had
a martial Genius, and would have made a clever man.
A Mourner."
The funeral was attended by a great concourse of the
people. The body was placed under the Liberty Tree,
and there the procession was formed. Four or five hun-
dred of his school fellows preceded the coffin in couples,
the bier being borne by six of Snider's playfellows. The
coffin bore this inscription, "Innocentia nusquam tuta." 6
The relatives followed the coffin, and then followed the
citizens, estimated at fifteen hundred, with the addition
of thirty chariots and chaises.
Richardson was tried and convicted, but the governor
refused to sign the warrant for his execution. He was
confined in prison for the space of two years, and was
finally pardoned by the king, and left New England for
the southern colonies.
The excitement growing out of these occurrences had
hardly subsided when the pride of some of the British
soldiers was humbled by the contempt in which they were
held by the populace, even the boys holding them in de-
rision.
A difficulty had arisen between some of the ropemakers
belonging to Gray's ropewalk and the soldiers, on the 2d
of March. From the testimony taken at that time it is
certain that the soldiers were determined to have their
revenge.
Their design was accomplished in "the massacre" in
6 Innocence itself not safe.
219
Boston on the evening of the 5th of March, 1770, by
soldiers of the 29th British regiment, by which five
persons were killed and several wounded, arousing the
indignation of the whole country. Meetings were held,
resolutions offered, and the result was the removal of the
troops to the Castle in Boston Harbor. The funerals of
the murdered men were attended by the principal citizens
the bells were tolled in Boston and the neighboring
towns. It was a solemn day to the people of Boston.
The freeholders of Boston, duly qualified and legally
warned, assembled in public town meeting in Faneuil
Hall, on Monday, the 12th day of March, A. D., 1770.
The article in the warrant being read, whereupon,
Voted, That the Hon. James Bowdoin, Esq., Doctor
Joseph Warren, and Samuel Pemberton, Esq., be a com-
mittee for this important business ; and they are desired
to report as soon as may be.
Attest, WILLIAM COOPEE, Esq.
The report of the committee was entitled,
"A short Narrative of the horrid Massacre in Boston,
perpetrated in the evening of the 5th of March, 1770,
by soldiers of the 29th Regiment ; which with the 14th
were then quartered in Boston, with some observations
on the State of Things prior to that Catastrophe."
This narrative of eighty-eight pages throws much light
upon the peculiar political condition of affairs at that
period of our history.
At the town meeting on the 12th of March, it was
made manifest that the troops must be removed from the
town, in order to prevent an outbreak of the peace of
the community. A committee of fifteen, with Samuel
Adams at their head, waited upon the governor, and in
the name of the town demanded that the troops be re-
220
moved to the castle ; informing him " That it is our unan-
imous opinion that the inhabitants and soldiery can live
no longer together in safety." The answer of the Lieut.
Governor was evasive, "having no authority, etc.," but
he had the promise of the Colonel in command that the
troops should be kept under restraint until orders could
be received from the general in command, then absent
in New York.
At the adjourned meeting on the 19th, the committee
reported progress ; which was not satisfactory to the in-
habitants ; another committee of seven was chosen with
Samuel Adams as chairman, who at once waited upon
Lieut. G-ov. Hutchinson, and demanded, in the name of
the people, the removal of the troops, and that the deter-
mination of the meeting, which was made up of at least
three thousand persons, would be satisfied with nothing
short of an immediate compliance. His reply was, "the
Troops are not subject to my authority ; I have no power
to remove them."
Adams' answer was delivered as though he felt the
inspiration of the genius of liberty speaking through his
lips : "It is at your peril, if you refuse. The meeting is
impatient. The country is in motion. Night is approach-
ing and your answer is expected." The Council advised
the removal. But the governor hesitated. He was told
by some of his friends "that he must either comply, or
prepare at once to leave the Province." He prudently
took the advice of his friends, and consented to the
demand of the people ; and preparations were at once
made for the departure of the troops to the castle in
Boston Harbor.
At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants
of the town of Boston, duly warned and legally assem-
bled in Faneuil Hall, on Wednesday, the 28th of Oct.,
221
1772 : and from thence continued by adjournments to
Monday, the 2d of November following,
"It was moved, That a Committee of Correspondence
be appointed to consist of twenty-one persons, 'To state
the Rights of the Colonists, and of this Province in par-
ticular, as Men, as Christians, and as Subjects ; to Com-
municate, and Publish the same to the several towns in
this Province and to the World, as the sense of this
Town, with the Infringements and Violations thereof that
have been, or from Time to Time may be made ; also
requesting of each town a free Communication of their
Sentiments on this Subject."
Nov. 20. A committee of twenty-one was appointed,
with Hon. James Otis as chairman, who presented a very
full and able report, which was unanimously adopted and
published by vote of the town, "in a Pamphlet and
that the Committee be desired to dispose of GOO Copies
thereof to the Selectmen of the Towns in the Province
&c."
This report set forth,
"First, A state of the Eights of the Colonists and of
this Province in particular.
Secondly, A List of the Infringements, and Violation
of these Rights.
Thirdly, A Letter of Correspondence with the other
Towns." (See Report, 43 pages. Boston. Pub. by
Edes & Gill in Queen street.)
The towns throughout the several provinces responded
to the call of Boston. The action was so prompt and
patriotic that to catch the inspiration of that day it will
become necessary to examine the newspapers of those
times, to take in the sense of right that pervaded all their
doings. Amongst these papers may be mentioned the
"Essex Gazette," of Salem, and "Boston Gazette."
In 1773 the British East India Company obtained per-
222
mission from the government to ship a large quantity of
tea to America, with the condition that they were to be
exempted from paying the impost duty in England, but
with the agreement that the tea should be subject to an
impost duty of threepence per pound in America as re-
quired by the Revenue Act.
The news, when received, aroused the indignation of
the whole country. A British officer writing home from
America to London, said, "All America is in a flame" on
account of the tea importation. The papers of the day
declared that " whoever should purchase or use this article
would drink political damnation to themselves." The
neighboring towns were acting in concert with the town
of Boston.
The town of Cambridge declares that the town of Bos-
ton is now struggling for the LIBERTIES of the country,
therefore, Resolved, "That this town can no longer stand
idle spectators, but are ready, on the shortest notice to
join with the town of Boston, and other towns, in any
measure that may be thought proper to deliver ourselves
and posterity from slavery." Salem, Marbleheacl, Ipswich
and most of the towns in Massachusetts, were acting in
harmony with the people of Boston.
It was well understood by the people of Boston that
there were a few of their townsmen who had through
their agents in London been seeking for the consignments
of the East India Company, and had vessels in England
ready to freight it to the colonies. They were therefore
desirous that the consignees should decline their trusts.
On the 2d of Nov., about one o'clock in the morning,
the Clarkes 7 (who lived on School street, near the King's
Chapel) were roused from their sleep by a violent knock-
ing at the door, and a notification was served upon them,
7 Firm of Richard Clarke & Sons.
223
or left under their doors, requiring them to appear the
next day at noon under Liberty Tree, publicly to resign
their trust, and to fail not at their peril.
On the 3d of Nov. the following handbill was posted
and served :
"To the freemen of this and the neighboring towns :
Gentlemen ! You are desired to meet at the Liberty
Tree this day at 12 o clock at noon, then and there to hear
the persons to whom the Tea shipped by the E. I. Com-
pany is consigned, make a public resignation of their offi-
ces as consignees, upon oath, and also swear that they
will re-ship any teas that may be consigned to them by
the said Co. by the first vessel sailing for London.
Boston, Nov. 3, 1773. O. C., Sec'y.
^3= Show us the men that dare take this down! I"
Early in the morning a large flag was hung out from
the tree. The bells in the town rang from 11 to 12
o'clock, the town crier went through the streets calling
the people to the Liberty Hall, under the Tree, where
from five hundred to one thousand persons assembled.
Samuel Adams, John Hancock and William Phillips, rep-
resentatives of Boston, the selectmen of the town, with
William Cooper, the town clerk, were in attendance.
The consignees failing to appear were waited upon at
the store of the Clark's, on King street, where it was sup-
posed the consignees were assembled. An interview was
had, they refusing to acknowledge the authority of the
Committee.
The next day a town meeting was held at 10 A. M.
John Hancock, moderator. Spirited resolutions were
adopted against the duties to be levied on tea landed in
America, that it was a tax upon Americans without
their consent, and that the refusal of the consignees was
"daringly affrontive. "
224
On Monday, the 22d of November, the committees from
the adjacent towns, held a conference with the Boston
committee in Faneuil Hall, and the question being put,
whether it be the mind of the committees present, to use
their joint influence to prevent the landing,. and sale of
the teas expected by the consignees of the E. I. Co., it
was passed unanimously in the affirmative.
On Sunday, the 28th of November, arrived the ship
Dartmouth, Capt. James Hall, with one hundred and
fourteen chests of tea, eight weeks from London. As
soon as the arrival was known to the committee of corre-
spondence, they obtained from the owner of the vessel a
promise not to enter it at the Custom House until Tues-
day, the 30th.
The "Boston Gazette " announces the arrival as follows.
"Yesterday morning Capt. Hall in the ship Dartmouth
came to anchor near the Castle, in about eight weeks
from London, and early this morning came up into the
Harbour; on board of which, it is said, are one hundred
and fourteen chests of the much talked of East India
Company's TEA, the expected arrival of which pernicious
article has for some time past put all these northern col-
onies in a very great ferment. And this morning the
following notification was posted up in all parts of the
town, viz.
' (Od 31 FRIENDS ! BRETHREN ! COUNTRYMEN !
That worst of Plagues, the detestable Tea shipped for
this Port by the East India Company is now arrived in
this Harbour, the Hour of Destruction or manly opposi-
tion to the Machinations of Tyranny stares you in the
Face; every Friend to his country, to himself, and Pos-
terity, is now called upon to meet at Faneuil Hall at 9
o clock this day (at which time the Bells will ring) to
make a united and successful Resistance to this last, worst
and most destructive Measure of Administration.
Boston, Nov. 29, 1773.'"
225
Botta, the Historian, calls this the "decisive moment."
Another Historian "the crisis of the American Revolution"
John Adams in his famous Amsterdam letters dates the
Revolution as commencing in 1760. "And I can truly
say, that the people, through the whole course of this
long period, have been growing constantly every year,
more, and more unanimous, and determined to resist the
designs of Great Britain. (Let. No. 1, 1780.")
The call for the meeting brought together a large con-
course ; by nine o clock Faneuil Hall was filled to its
utmost capacity. A motion was made to adjourn to the
Old South Meeting House, the Sanctuary of Freedom,
which was carried.
The meeting was organized by the choice of Jonathan
Williams, Esq., as moderator. Samuel Adams offered the
following resolution, which was unanimously adopted.
"That the tea should be sent back to the place from
whence it came, at all events, and that no duty should be
paid thereon."
The consignees asked time for consultation which was
granted, but at the adjournment the next morning an-
swered that it was out of their power to send back the
tea, but that they would store it until advices were re-
ceived from England. Before the people had time to
vent their feelings, at the reply of the consignees, Sheriff
Greenleaf appeared with an order, from the Governor,
to read a proclamation to the people there assembled,
the question was put whether he should be permitted to
read, which passed in the affirmative. It was an order
"forthwith to disperse, and surcease all farther unlawful
proceedings at their utmost peril." The same having
been read by the Sheriff, there was immediately after-
wards, a loud and determined hiss.
As the meeting had no doubt accomplished their busi-
226
ness, the question was put whether the assembly would
disperse as required, it passed in the affirmative nem con.
Another meeting was held in the afternoon, and the
consignees were sworn not to land a particle of the tea.
Captain Ezekiel Cheever was appointed to command the
watch the first night, and a detail made for succeeding
nights until the vessels left the harbor. The orders to
the watch were "if molested in the night the bells were
to be tolled, or rung if anything happened in the day
time." A committee was also appointed to give notice to
the country towns on any important occasion. The last
vote passed before adjournment was viz., "That it is the
determination of this Body to carry their votes and reso-
lutions into execution, at the risk of their lives and prop-
erty."
On the 1st of Dec. the ship Eleanor, Capt. Bruce,
arrived with another consignment of tea. On the 3d
inst. he was ordered to attend the next day, on a com-
mittee of the people in Faneuil Hall, where he was
commanded by Samuel Adams and Jonathan Williams,
assembled with John Hancock and a great number of
others, not to land any of the tea, but to proceed to
Griffin's wharf and unload the rest of the cargo. The
brig Beaver, Capt. Coffin, arrived a few days after, and
the captain was ordered to pursue the same course.
The twenty days having nearly expired, after which
the collector of customs might seize the Dartmouth with
her cargo, Mr. Rotch, the consignee, was summoned
before the committee ; he informed them it would ruin
him so to do, "and he should not do so."
In consequence of the failure of Rotch to return the
tea as agreed to by him in November, the following
notice was posted about town on the morning of the 14th
of December.
227
"FRIENDS! BRETHREN! COUNTRYMEN!
The perfidious acts of your restless enemies to render
ineffectual the resolutions of the body of the people,
demand your assembling at the Old South Meeting House
precisely at 2 o'clock this day, at which time the bells
will ring."
The meeting was organized by the choice of Samuel
Phillips Savage, of Weston, as moderator. It was a
meeting for consultation and counsel, delegations being
present from the adjacent towns.
Rotch was summoned to attend the meeting, and he
was compelled to accompany a committee to the collector
of the port to demand a clearance for the Dartmouth.
The collector desired to consult with the comptroller,
and promised an answer the next day. The meeting
therefore adjourned to the 16th, which was considered
the last day for discussion.
The 16th of December opened with pleasant weather;
upward of two thousand people from the country were
present, besides people of Boston. Mr. Savage 8 was
present as moderator. Mr. Rotch reported that the col-
lector would not give him a clearance.
He was then ordered on his peril, to get his ship ready
for sea this day, enter his protest, and go to the gov-
ernor, then at Milton, and demand a pass for his ship to
go by the Castle. (Boston was the only port that had a
military force that could control the ingress and egress of
vessels. 9 ) The meeting then adjourned to three o'clock,
8 Mr. Savage was a merchant of Boston, but he is called of Weston.
Died in Weston, 1797. Pres. of the Mass. Board of War during the
Rev. (Drake's Biog. Dic'y.)
9 "The inhabitants of New York and Philadelphia sent the ships
back to London, and they sailed up the Thames, to proclaim to all the
nation that New York and Pennsylvania would not be enslaved. The
(16)
228
P.M., at which time Rotch had not returned. The meet-
ing waited patiently for Rotch's return. The question to
be considered was, shall we abide by our resolutions?
Quincy advised discretion, but the people cried, "Our
hands have been put to the plough, we must not look
back," and the people of the whole assemblage voted
unanimously that the tea should not be landed.
Just before six o'clock, Rotch returned and reported to
the multitude awaiting in the dimly lighted meeting house
the answer from the governor : That for the honor of the
laws, and from duty towards the king, he could not grant
the permit until the vessel was regularly cleared. "We
can do 110 more to save our country," said Samuel Adams.
The next instant a shout was heard at the door, and a
number of resolute and determined men, disguised as
Indians, gave the "war whoop," which rang through the
meeting house, and which was answered by some of their
confederates in the galleries. But silence was com-
manded, and a peaceable deportment enjoined, 'till the
dissolution of the meeting. The Indians, as they were
called, repaired to the wharf (then called Griffin's, now
Liverpool) posted their guards, boarded the several ships,
and in three hours' time, broke open and emptied into
the sea three hundred and forty-two chests of tea. When
the tide rose it floated the broken chests and the tea, so
that it extended from the south part of the town to the
Dorchester Neck, and lodged on the shores. Great care
was taken to prevent the tea being purloined by any of the
inhabitants of Charleston, S. C., unloaded it, and stored it in the cel-
lars, where it could not be used, and where it finally perished. The
inhabitants of Boston tried every measure to send the ships back, like
New York and Philadelphia ; but not being able to pass the Castle,
the tea was all thrown into the sea." (J. Adams to Dr. Calkoen,
of Amsterdam, 1780.)
229
people. When the work of the Indians was accomplished
they quietly dispersed.
George Robert Twelves Hewes, who died about 1840,
and who participated in the destruction of the tea, in-
formed his biographer that among the speakers in the
afternoon was John Hancock, and that he gave the opinion
very significantly not only that the governor had abso-
lutely made up his mind to land the tea, but as things
now were, " the matter must be settled before 12 o'clock
that night;" and the last words of Hancock were, "let
every man do what is right in his own eyes."
In the memoir of Hewes, written by B. B. Thacher in
1835, the names of sixty persons are given on the best
recollection of Hewes, that were known to him to have
been engaged in the destruction on that memorable occa-
sion.
In this list appears the name of William Russell, of
Boston. He was an active member of the Sons of Lib-
erty, and a participator in the stirring scenes preceding
the American Revolution.
Born May 24, 1748, the son of Samuel and Eliza-
beth Hacker Russell of Boston. His father was a block-
maker.
William Russell was prepared to enter college, but it
is believed he never entered ; owing to the troublesome
times in trade and business, it was impossible for his
family to incur the expense. We find him at an early
period, and for some years, an usher in the school then
taught by the celebrated Master Griffith, of Boston, who
is believed to have kept his school near the site of the
present May hew School.
He married in 1772 Mary Richardson, daughter of
Moses Richardson, of Cambridge,, who was killed in the
Lexington fight.
230
William Russell took an important part in the stirring
scenes in Boston, preceding and during the revolutionary
period. 10
As a teacher, his love of liberty and equal rights was
impressed upon the minds of the youth of that day, for
we find in some of his manuscripts, which were used in
school on account of the scarcity of books, patriotic
mottoes, with the liberty cap, as headings to the pages,
viz. :
"Wilkes and Liberty."
Property. ^/^^No Excise. "Liberty to all Men."
Equal
Rights.
"Liberty! no Stamps."
"The Sons of Liberty! may they shine with Lustre."
I am indebted to the private memoranda of the late
Col. John Russell, of Salem, who was the sou of Wil-
liam Russell, of Boston, for the preservation of many of
10 Being young and of an ardent temperament, he entered with
great zeal into the movements of the day. As a member of the "Sons
of Liberty," he was zealous in sustaining the objects of the organiza-
tion. Mr. Edes, of the "Boston Gazette," was one of his personal
friends, and it is known that he contributed articles on public affairs
for that paper. In some of his letters written whilst a prisoner in
England he addressed him as Bro. Edes. I find the following lines
written by him whilst confined as a prisoner in Mill Prison, in Eng-
land, among some letters in my possession. They are given as a
specimen of the maledictory spirit of the Sons of Liberty.
" Great Marrs, with me, come now, and view, this more than Hellish crew,
Great Vulcan, send your thunder forth, and all their fields bestrew,
Rain on their heads perpetual fire, in one Eternal flame ;
Let black destruction be their doom, dishonor be their names.
Send mighty bolts to strike the traitors, North and Mansfield, dead;
And liquid fire to scald the Crown from Royal George's head;
Strike all their young posterity with one Eternal curse,
Nor pity them no more than they have ever pitied us.
Mill Prison, Nov. 29th, 3 P' M., 1781. WILL* RUSSELL."
231
the incidents relating to the destruction of the tea, as told
him by his mother. Being brought up to the trade of a
printer in the office of the " Columbian Centinel," gave
him more method and exactness in preserving every fact
connecting his father therewith.
Having lived during his apprenticeship near the spot
where most of the exciting scenes were transacted, he was
led in 1835 to embody them into a lecture which he read
before the Salem Mechanic Lyceum. In speaking of the
" tea party " that gathered on Griffin's Wharf on the eve-
ning of the 16th of Dec., 1773, he says, "William Kus-
sell was one of the number, who, disguised as an Indian,
assisted in throwing overboard and destroying the tea
then on board the vessels lying at Griffin's Wharf.
On his return to his home on Temple street, after
accomplishing the destruction of the tea on shipboard, he
took off his shoes and carefully dusted them over the fire,
being careful that none of the tea should remain ; he then
went to his closet and took from it the tea canister, and
as carefully emptied its contents into the fire, nor would
he leave it until every particle of tea was consumed.
The next morning he took the canister and had these
words painted thereon ; on one side, COFFEE ; on the
reverse, No TEA. From this time henceforth this luxury,
as it was considered in those days, was to be banished,
and its use prohibited ; to accomplish which the "Tea
Destroyers" had bound themslves by a solemn oath.
One of the tea destroyers by the name of Eckley, a
barber, was informed against as being one of those who
assisted in the destruction of the tea. He was arrested
and committed to prison, the Sons of Liberty supporting
him whilst in confinement in a most sumptuous manner,
and also providing for his family.
The government not deeming it prudent to proceed
232
against him, after some time set him at liberty. The
person who gave the information against him was seized,
and dressed in a Yankee coat of "tar and feathers," which
were laid on his naked skin ; he was then seated on a set
of trucks and paraded amidst the huzzas of the multitude,
from the Liberty Pole, South End, to the North Battery,
with labels affixed, one on his back and another on his
breast, with his name, which is now forgotten, in large
letters, and underneath, the word "!NFOKMER." These
labels were printed by William Russell with a pen. 11
The following extract from the log-book of the ship
Dartmouth is from the appendix of Memoir of Hews.
"Thursday, Dec. 2. Cloudy weather; began to deliver
our goods, and continued to land them from day to day,
till Saturday, Dec. 11, having a guard of 25 men every
night.
Tuesday, Dec. 14. Have had another town meeting,
which is adjourned to Thursday.
Thursday, Dec. 16. This 24 hours rainy weather ; town
meeting this day. Between 6 and 7 o'clock this evening
came down to the wharf a body of about 1000 people ;
11 Col. Russell, in a communication to the " Boston Transcript" in
1850, in reference to the destruction of the tea, says, "Very few per-
sons now know where to find Griffin's Wharf, the name of which
should have been preserved through all time.
Having ever felt a great interest in the transactions of that event-
ful period, and knowing the late Major Melville had preserved a small
quantity of the prohibited article, he having been, in common with my
father and others, engaged in its destruction, he gratified me a short
time before his death, with the sight of a small parcel of the veritable
TEA, which he found in his clothing on his arrival home, although.it
was intended that not a particle of it should be preserved ; he had
it securely sealed up in a small phial; it was of a coarse twist and
appeared to be in perfect order. It is to be hoped that this interest-
ing relic is now in safe hands, and that it will eventually, if not so
already, be in the possession of the Historical Society." (It is be-
lieved to be in the Cabinet of Harvard University.)
233
among them were a number dressed and whooping like
Indians. They came on board the ship, and after warn-
ing myself and the custom house officer to get out of the
way, they unlaid the hatches and went down the hold,
where were 80 whole and 34 half chests of tea, which they
hoisted on deck, and cut the chests to pieces, and hove
the tea all overboard, where it was damaged and lost."
Several of the tea party were living in 1835, and from
them Mr. Thacher gathered some information which he
has inserted in his memoirs of G. R. T. Hewes. He
says that Peter Mclutosh was a blacksmith apprentice at
that time. He remembers that some of the party came
into the shop to disguise their faces with soot.
Henry Purkitt and Samuel Dolbier were apprentices
with Samuel Peck the cooper on Essex street. Purkitt
relates that whilst at their work that evening, they heard
a loud whistle ; they left the shop following the sound,
which brought them to the wharf. Their part was to
jump on to the flats by the side of one of the vessels,
it being nearly low tide, and to break up with others
by direction of the Commander, the fragments of boxes,
and masses of tea which were thrown over in too great
haste.
They affected to issue their orders from time to time,
in an Indian jargon, and the interpreter then to commu-
nicate what the Chiefs ordered. The procuring of keys
and lights, the raising of the derrick, trampling the tea
in the flats, sweeping the decks at the close of the scene,
calling the mate up to report whether everything (except
the tea, of course) was left as they found it, being regu-
lated through the medium of the Chiefs.
Purkitt and Dolbier went home early. Peck, who was
believed to be one of the Chiefs, came in rather softly at 1
o'clock in the morning. The boys noticed some relics of
234
red paint behind his ears the next day. The only tools the
boys used were both made of a stave before they started.
Major Ben. Russell was then a school boy, and he well
remembered seeing his father and Mr. T. Moore painting
each other's faces that evening with lamp black and red
ochre, through the window of his wood-house.
(The late Rev. Dr. Prince of Salem informed Col. Rus-
sell that he witnessed most of these transactions, he being
on the wharf most of the time.)
The destruction of the tea in Boston met the approval
of the people, and most of the towns endorsed their
doings and entered their vote in their public records.
Ipswich, on the 20th of Dec., voted "That the inhabi-
tants of this town have received real pleasure and satis-
faction from the noble and spirited exertions of their
Brethren of Boston, and other towns, to prevent the
landing of the detested tea, lately arrived there from the
E. I. Co., subject to a duty."
Voted, "That no tea be sold in town whilst this act
is in force ; that if any one sell it here he shall be deemed
an enemy." (Hist, of Ip.)
1773. A committee was chosen in the town of Charles-
town to collect all of the Tea in town, paying the owners
what it cost them and to burn it in the public market
place at twelve o'clock at noon. The same paper reports
that it was burnt agreeably to the vote of the town.
A vessel which arrived from Cape Cod with a part of
the cargo of Capt. Loring's vessel, which was reported
to have sixty chests of tea on board, "was on the evening
of her arrival thoroughly searched by Indians, and no
TEA found on board. Such a good lookout being kept,
what occasion is there for Tide waiters, Pimps or In-
formers." (Essex Gaz., Jan. 4, 1774.)
235
May 10, 1774, an arrival at Boston from London
brought out a " Copy of one of the most CRUEL, ARBI-
TRARY ACTS that ever disgraced the Reign of a Tyrant.
London, April 4."
The following is the much-talked-of Boston Port Bill,
which on Thursday last received the Eoyal Assent, and
after the first of June becomes a law.
"An Act to discontinue in such manner and for such
time as are therein maintained, the landing and discharg-
ing, the lading or shipping of Goods, Wares and Mer-
chandize at the Town and within the Harbour of Boston
in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, in North Amer-
ica."
Troops were ordered to Boston to enforce the Boston
Port Bill, and on the 14th of June two regiments landed
and encamped on Boston Common. At Salem the 59th
regiment from Halifax was stationed.
In the progress of the troubles betwixt the mother
country and the colonies, Mr. Russell having made him-
self so well known and obnoxious to the loyalists in Bos-
ton, and from his small means to support his family
whilst Boston was in the possession of the British troops,
he concluded to leave the town, and went to Cambridge,
leaving his family behind. He stood in such fear of
being deprived of his liberty that he dare not visit his
family except in disguise. During this time and up to
1776 he is believed to have taught a school in Newton.
One of his children was born there in 1775. At the time
the British officers suffered families to leave Boston for
the country (on account of the scarcity of supplies) his
family left with him for Cambridge, carrying with them
such few articles of clothing as were permitted by the
officers of the British troops.
May 17, 1775, when he left the town of Boston, the
236
town committee gave the annexed certificate, made neces-
sary by the law against the entertainment of strangers
without visible means of support.
"BOSTON, MAY 17th, 1775.
The Bearer, Mr. William Russell of Boston, and his
Family, removing out of the Town of Boston, are recom-
mended to the Charity and Assistance of our Benevolent
Sympathizing Brethren, in the several Towns in the
Province.
By Order of the Committee of Donations.
(5 in Family.) ALEX K HODGDON, Clerk.
To the Selectmen and Committees of Correspondence
in the several Towns in the Province of Massachusetts
Bay."
The departure of the British troops from Boston is
thus noted on the leaf of one of his manuscripts.
March 17th, 1776. George's Butchers left the Town
of Boston, and went on board the Transports (after plun-
dering the town) . The same day they sailed below the
Castle.
The question may arise in the minds of some at the
present day whether these proceedings were not the out-
break of a lawless mob. To resolve this question aright
we must understand the relations of the colonists to the
mother country. They prided themselves upon their
loyalty to Britain, and fully believed that under the law
they were entitled to the same rights and immunities that
were the pride and boast of the people of Great Britain ;
rights secured to them by "Magna Charta," and reit-
erated in their own colonial charter. These rights the
colonists of Massachusetts Bay were determined to main-
tain ; and when they petitioned the British Parliament
for relief from some of the most unjust and arbitrary
measures forced upon them, through the advice of those
237
who were seeking for the rewards of their own treachery,
they were answered by still more arbitrary measures
being enacted.
When the Ministry of Britain claimed as the prerog-
ative of the king, the right to collect impost duties for
the support and maintenance of the executive and judi-
cial officers appointed by him, and to appoint commis-
sioners of customs for the collection of the same, they to
be backed up by British troops, then it was that the
people of New England understood the issue that was
presented to them.
Massachusetts had ever enjoyed the right to regulate
her own taxes and determine the salaries of her officials,
and as Pitt well said in the British House of Commons,
"The Commons of America represented in their several
assemblies have ever been in possession of this, their con-
stitutional right, of giving and granting their own money.
They would have been slaves if they had not enjoyed it."
The people of America found that the Ministry were
determined to try the issue, and to crush out the irre-
pressible love of liberty that was growing up with the
people. The question for the people to settle was, were
they to remain as freemen, or slaves. The test question
was understood to be the landing of a few hundred chests
of tea, and the collection of threepence a pound duty
thereon. The people, from the north to the south, from
the east to the west, determined that the tea should not
be used until the obnoxious law was repealed. The Min-
istry had thrown down the "gage of battle" in the shape
of a few hundred chests of tea ; the people of Boston
accepted the issue, and in defiance of the acts of Parlia-
ment, the tea was cast into the sea, and the people were
ready to abide the result.
The prediction of Lord Camden was now about to be
238
fulfilled. "It was now a revolution." The people ap-
pealed to arms to maintain their liberties, and the spirit
of Magna Charta was rewrought into the Declaration of
Independence, and after a seven years' war, AMERICA was
FREE.
After the evacuation of Boston by the British troops,
Mr. Russell returned with his family to Boston, where
their furniture and effects had been left, to find that they
had been plundered or destroyed by the British and their
adherents.
1777. During the year 1776 a regiment of artillery
consisting of ten companies for the defence of Boston
was raised, to be under the command of Thomas Crafts,
Esq., as Colonel, Paul Eevere, Lieut. Col., and Thomas
Melville, Major. William Russell entered the service in
this regiment as Serg. Maj., and was afterwards Adju-
tant, serving in the campaign to Rhode Island.
(The Orderly Book of this regiment from June 8,
1777, to Nov. 10, 1778, is in my possession).
1779. In June of this year, he entered on board the
privateer ship Jason, of Boston, John Manley, of Marble-
head, commander, as captain's clerk, sailing on the 19th
of June, 1779, on a cruise against the enemies of the
United States of America.
On the 23d of June they chased and took two British
privateer brigs, one of twenty, the other of twenty-two
guns, and proceeded with them to Boston.
On the 30th of July the Jason sailed on her second
cruise, and was captured by the British Frigate Surprise,
of twenty-eight guns and two hundred and thirty men,
on the 30th of September, 1779, and were carried into
St. John's, Newfoundland, on the 6th of Nov., from
whence they were transferred to Old Mill Prison, Ply-
mouth, England, and committed on the 10th of Dec.,
239
1779, for PIRACY, HIGH TREASON, and REBELLION against
his Majesty on the High Seas, where he remained a pris-
oner until June 24, 1782, a period of two years, six
months and five days.
During the whole period of his imprisonment he taught
school, in which he successfully taught the young Amer-
ican prisoners, and thus laid the foundation for their
future usefulness.
He was again under the necessity of trying his fortune
at sea, and was again .taken prisoner and confined on
board the Jersey prison ship in New York harbor.
He was granted a parole by Admiral Digby for the
term of three months to go to Rhode Island. Peace
being declared before the expiration of his parole, he
returned home to his family in Cambridge.
His health was now daily failing, and on the 7th of
March, 1784, he departed this life, aged thirty-five years,
two months, fourteen days. He died of consumption
brought upon him by the sufferings and privations he had
passed through in the support and for the establishment
of AMERICAN LIBERTY.
INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE BURIAL-GROUNDS OF
MARBLEHEAD, MASS.
COLLECTED BY PERLEY DERBY. SALEM, MASS., SEPT., 1873.
Elm Street Burial-ground.
r ABBOT, BENJAMIN, Sr., died, Boston. Oct. 24, 1844, aged 77.
" MARCY, wife of Benjamin. Mar. 16, 1802, aged 32. Erected
(. by Benjamin Abbot, of Boston.
ADAMS, WILLIAM. May 13, 1837, aged 25yrs., 2 ra.
ALLEN, AMBROSE, tomb. 1843.
ANDERTON, JOHN, lost at sea. Oct. 25, 1845, aged 25.
ANDREWS, RUTHY, wife of Benjamin. May 4, 1812, aged 33 y., 9 m.,
4d.
" BENJAMIN, son of Benjamin and Ruthy. Dec. 23, 1803, aged
1 y., 1 m., 22 d.
" WILLIAM, son of Benjamin and Ruthy. Jan. 23, 1812, aged
1 y., 3 m., 15 d.
" JOHN, son of Benjamin and Mary L. Sept. 6, 1814, aged
10m.
" ELEANOR. Aug. 20, 1819, aged 80 y., 10 m., 7 d.
APPLETON, THOMAS, tomb. 1843.
BALLARD, ELISHA. Feb. 7, 1838, aged 28 y., 8 m.
" SUSAN, wife of Daniel. Sept. 3, 1850, aged 33.
" SAMUEL H., son of Daniel and Susan. Mar. 30, 1842, aged
10m.
" MEHITABLE, dau. " " " " Aug. 31, 1843, aged
5 m.
" P. J., tomb. 1853.
BARKER, JOSEPH, tomb. 1804.
BARTLETT, MEHITABLE, wife of Thomas. Apr. 24, 1809, aged 44 y., 5 d.
" WILLIAM. Feb. 10, 1823, 82d y.
" ELIZABETH, wid. of William. Oct. 11, 1824, aged 76.
" WILLIAM, Jr. June 19, 1813, aged 31.
(240)
241
BARTLETT, JOHN. Feb. 6, 1839, aged 55 y., 4 m.
" ANN, tomb. 1843.
" JANE, " 1846.
" " 1849.
" REBECCA, wife of Simeon H. June 21, 1850, aged 25.
" ELI V. and brothers, tomb. 1853.
" ABNER H. Oct. 17, 1855, aged 19 y., 4 m.
C " GEORGE P. July 31, 1860, aged 26 y., 11 m , 7 d.
I " NATHANIEL. Jan. 4, 1863, aged 75 y., 6 m., 17 d.
BASSETT, ELIZABETH, wife of John. June 18, 1836, aged 45.
" S. P., tomb. 1842.
" MATTHEW. Feb. 2, 1854, aged 39 y., 8 m.
" PHILIP P. M., son of Matthew. Jan. 10, 1851, aged 3 y.,
10m.
" SAMUEL H. R., " " " June 10, 1851, aged 8 y.,
5 m., 6 d. ,
" SAMUEL, son of Matthew. Sept. 10, 1854, aged 1 y., 7 m.
BATEMAN, PETER. July 20, 1858, aged 49 y., 6 m., 25 d.
" PETER T., son of Peter. Apr. 29, 1838, aged 1 y., 11 m., 22 d.
" SAMUELS.," " " May 21, 1844, aged I y., 11 m., 10 d.
BEAN, WILLIAM. Nov. 14, 1829, aged 25.
" HANNAH, wife of William. Dec. 17, 1839, aged 30.
" WILLIAM, son of William and Hannah. July 1, 1847, aged 18.
BESSOM, PHILIP, lost at sea. Jan., 1824, aged 38 y., 2 m.
" ELIZABETH, wife of Philip. Nov. 12, 1860, aged 74 y., 8 d.
" RICHARD MARTIN, son of Philip and Elizabeth. Nov. 22,
1832, aged 9 y., 6 m.
" Capt. PHILIP, tomb. 1825.
f " WILLIAM H. Feb. 7, 1836, aged 57.
" ANNA, wife of William H. Oct. 26, 1850, aged 74.
C , " SARAH A, May 21, 1852, aged 23.
" EMMA L., dau. of Joseph H. and Hattie L. Feb. 8, 1866,
aged 2 y., 6 m.
BICKNELL, OLIVE VINCENT, wife of Simeon and dau. of David and
Esther Morse, of Chateauqua, N. Y. Mar. 16, 1824,
aged 25.
BLANCHARD, JESSE. Nov. 25, 1830, aged 60.
" SARAH, wife of Jesse. Nov. 1, 1822, aged 49.
" ISAAC, son of Jesse and Sarah. Sept. 17, 1800, aged 1 y.,
2m., 21 d.
" HANNAH, dau. of Jesse and Sarah. June 26, 1805, aged 3
y., 11 m.
" JOSEPH, son of " " " Aug. 25, 1811, aged 1
y., 10 m., 2 d.
242
BLANCHARD, WILLIAM R., son of Jesse, and Sarah. Sept. 17, 1820, aged
8 y., 7 m., 6 d.
" SARAH B. Aug. 29, 1868, aged 62.
BLANKY, ASA, tomb. 1826.
BOARDMAN, THOMAS, tomb. 1826.
BOND, JOHN, tomb 1848.
BOWDEN, JOSHUA ORNE, tomb. 1838.
" JOSEPH. May 16, 1859, aged 80.
" RUTH, wife of Joseph. July 29, 1849, aged 76 y., 10 m.
" PRISCILLA, dau. of Joseph. Apr. 20, 1854, aged 50.
" Miss RUTH. May 26, 1857, aged 56.
BOWEN, ELIZABETH. Dec. 2, 1860, aged 82 y., 9 m., 16 d.
BOWLER, MARY, dau. of James and Elizabeth. Feb. 28, 1806, aged 3
y., 5 m., 16 d.
" LYDIA, dau. of James and Elizabeth. Feb. 10, 1825, aged 28.
" JAMES, tomb. 1830.
BRAGDON, CHARLES P., son of John T. and Julia A. Oct. 2, 1842,
aged 5 m., 8 d.
" FREDERICK W., son of " " " " " Sept. 4, 1849,
aged 4 y., 8 m.
" WILLIAM A., son of John T. and Julia A. Sept. 12, 1849,
aged 2 y., 6 m.
" WILLIAM F., son of " " " " " .. July 23, 1853,
aged 2 y., 5 m.
BRAY, SALLY. Aug. 6, 1859, aged 73.
BRIDGE, ELLIOT, wid. of Joseph of Lexington. Oct. 14, 1807, aged
70 (stone between Sarah and Sarah B. Blanchard).
BRIGGS, Dr. C., tomb. 1841.
BRIMBLECOME, SEAWARD, eldest son of Seaward and Alice. Oct.- 26,
1823, aged 85.
" MIRIAM, wife of Seaward and dau. of Richard and Jane
Pedrick. Jan. 28, 1817, aged 75 y., 6 m.
" NATHANIEL, tomb. 1850.
BROWX, EDMUND. Aug. 10, 1823, aged 57 y., 8 m.
" LYDIA, wife of Edmund. July 13, 1828, aged 65.
" JONATHAN, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth. May 23, 1824,
aged 12 y., 5 m.
" J. H., tomb. 1834.
" J., tomb. 1835.
" SAMUEL H., tomb. 1843.
" THOMAS, tomb. 1843.
BUBIER, JOHN, tomb. 1838.
[To be continued.]
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE.
VOL. XII. OCTOBER, 1874. No. 4.
BY JAMES H. FITTS.
THE "Genealogical Register" for January, 1868, speaks
of names which "arose from the mode of nomenclature
by which the Christian name of the father becomes the
surname of the son." The name Thomas, with five
others from Wales, is cited in illustration.
Nathaniel Ingersol Bowditch, in "Suffolk Surnames,"
says, "Many Christian names appear among us as sur-
names." He includes the name Thomas in his list of one
hundred and five examples.
There are two entirely different publications known as
the Thomas Almanacs. One was published by Hon. Isaiah
Thomas, LL. D., the most eminent publisher and journal-
ist of his time. He is recognized as the "Father of
American Printing," and justly celebrated as the "Patriot
Printer."
Isaiah Thomas was born at Boston in 1749, and died
at Worcester, April 4, 1831. It is exceedingly difficult
(17) 243
244 .
to fix the exact date of the first issue of his almanacs.
They were commenced in the troublous times of the
American revolution, which sorely interfered with the
business of their author, and interrupted their issue. His
well known patriotism made him obnoxious to the loy-
alists. He commenced business as a printer at Newbury-
port in 1767. In 1770 he moved to Boston, and com-
menced to publish the "Massachusetts Spy." In conse-
quence of an article in his paper he was ordered in 1771
to appear before Gov. Thomas Hutchinson and Council,
but refused. In 1773 he set up a press at Newburyport
and started the "Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet."
In 1774 he advertised "to carry on the Printing Business
in all its branches, at his Printing Office near the Market,
Boston." Here, probably, he printed his first almanac.
But he was forced to leave Boston and removed to
Worcester, April 17, 1775. Two days after he took an
active- part in the skirmish at Lexington. He issued the
"Spy" from Worcester, May 3, 1775, which is still con-?
tinued as a monument of his sagacity. Worcester, is also
honored in the American Antiquarian Society, founded
by his munificence and incorporated Oct. 12, 1812.
The almanacs of Isaiah Thomas were not regularly and
constantly numbered. Thus, in. that of 1782, he says, "I
here present you with my fifth Almanack." This would
carry the first number back to 1778, and seems decisive.
But then he calls the one for 1789 "my thirteenth Alma-
nack," instead of twelfth as it should have been if that
for 1782 was fifth.. This error seems to be corrected in
that for 1794 which is called "my seventeenth Almanack."
But again he calls the one for 1800 "my twenty-fourth
Almanack." Here the erroneous enumeration is resumed.
So the matter of date is not settled at all.
Dr. Thaddeus William Harris > librarian of Harvard
245
College, in a newspaper article written many years ago,
says, "These circumstances have rendered it somewhat
uncertain what were the dates of the first five or six of
Thomas's Almanacs. Nevertheless, I am inclined to think
that the following list will be found complete.
The first almanac bearing his name that I have seen is
entitled, 'Thomas's New 'England Almanack, or the Mas-
sachusetts Calendar for 1775, Boston :' etc.
2. 'Thomas's Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Con-
necticut Almanack for 1779, Worcester :' etc.
3. Thomas's Almanack for 1780, with the same title as
the last.
4. The same for 1781.
5. 'Thomas's Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Is-
land, New Hampshire and Vermont Almanack for the
year of our Lord 1782, Worcester:' etc.
6. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 for 1783, '84, '85, '86, '87 and '88
present little variation.
The twelfth for 1789 has the same title as the fifth.
The almanac has now taken a fashion, which, with only
slight variations, it continued ever afterwards to wear. 1
1 This was the first number fully illustrated. The central figure of
the title-page is a divinity with compasses apportioning the globe.
On one haud Father Time, a scythe in his right hand, an hour-glass in
his left, and a ball under his left foot. On the other hand an astron-
omer gazing upon the heavens, his left hand pointing upwards, a pen
in his right and a scroll near by. Mr. Thomas says, "The cuts on
the Lunar pages are descriptive of the month they are in ; also of the
sign which enters the sun on that month." So for January we find
the Waterbearer, a sleighing party, and a woman in furs. February,
the Fishes, traveller on foot and fagot-gatherer. March, the Ham, a
boy and a girl going to school. April, the Bull, a landscape and a
lady with a linnet on her hand. May, the Twins, May-pole and fisher-
man. June, the Crab, a bather and flower-girl. July, the Lion, a
ploughboy with oxen, dog and hoe, and a lady reading under a tree.
August, the Virgin, a farmer ploughing, a woman carrying water, and
another with her sun umbrella. September, the Scales, reapers,
246
In 1802 the name of Isaiah Thomas, Jr., first appeared
as printer.
The almanac for 1803, being, according to my enume-
ration, the twenty-sixth, was also Isaiah Thomas's last.
The publication was continued by his son to 1810, and
in 1811 it took the name of 'Isaiah Thomas, Junior's
Town and Country Almanack, or Complete Farmer's Cal-
endar,' under which it was published by him till 1817,
when William Manning became the publisher and con-
tinued it with the same title two years more. The year
1819 was probably the last of its appearance, as none of
any later date are known to me." 2
Thus it appears that Thomas's Almanac was published
and circulated forty-two years [?], twenty-six by the
father, thirteen by the son, and three years [ ?] by William
Manning. 3
So much concerning an almanac which for a score of
years had no equal competitor, but which in 1793 and for
nearly thirty years after, found a sturdy rival in the Old
Farmer's Almanac.
This almanac was published by Robert Bailey Thomas,
of West Boylston. Mr. Thomas furnishes some bio-
mother and child. October, the Scorpion, a huntsman, and a lady on
horseback. November, the Archer, a farmer with cattle, horse and
swine, and a lady wrapped in her cloak. December, the Goat, skaters,
and a lady in furs.
There is added a figure showing, as the author says, "the Anatomy
of Man's Body as governed by the twelve Constellations." Also a
diagram to illustrate "the Transit of Mercury over the Sun's Disk."
8 To the above account by Dr. Harris, Samuel F. Haven of the
Amer. Ant. Soc. adds the following, " The Almanac appeared in 1820
as issued by Geo. A. Trumbull."
I have a copy for 1822 by Trumbull.
3 Isaiah Thomas, Jr., graduated at Harvard in 1825, married Mary
Weld. Some account of William, the eighth of their eleven children,
is given in Gen. Reg., 1872, p. 445.
247
graphical items relating to his family in his almanacs for
1833, '34, '35, '36, and '37. He says : 4 "My grandfather,
William Thomas, was a native of Wales (Eng.), and
born there of an opulent family, and received a liberal
education at Christ's College, Cambridge. It seems he
emigrated to this country somewhere about the year 1718.
Tradition says he, with other brothers, came first to Ston-
ington. Conn. ; of this I shall not undertake to say. It
is well known that he came to Marlborough, Mass., some-
time about the year 1720, and married Lydia Eager, a
daughter of a respectable farmer of Shrewsbury, and re-
sided in Marlborough until he died in 1733, two years
after which my grandmother died. He had two sons and
four daughters.
My father, William, was the eldest son, who was born
in Marlborough, March, 1725. 5 He, losing his parents at
so tender an age, had but a very imperfect recollection of
them. After his mother's death he went to Shrewsbury
to live with his grandmother Eager ; where, and at Jonas
Morse's, of Marlborough, he resided some years. He
attended the town school in the winter the limited time
it kept. Being of a studious turn of mind, and fond
4 Mr. T. gives the following reason for this biography : " It is not
unfrequently observed to the Editor, by persons residing in neighbor-
ing states or remote from his residence, that they supposed him long
since numbered with the dead ; and that the Farmer's Almanack was
calculated and edited by a connection of the former editor. To sat-
isfy such, and conceiving it may afford amusement to our patrons
generally, I have concluded, if my life and health should be continued,
in our next to give a concise memoir of myself and ancestors." Al-
manac, 1832.
5 The children of William and Lydia (Eager) Thomas were : Levina,
b. Aug. 15, 1721, m., 1744, Benj. Bigelow; Sophia, b. July 28, 1723;
William, b. Mar. 10, 1725; Lydia, b. Sept. 30, 1727; Mary, b. Feb. 16,
1729, m. 1746, Joseph Morse; Ovardo, b. May 7, 1731. See Hist, of
Marlboro, by Hon. Charles Hudson.
248
of reading, he purchased many books, and soon became
quite a scholar for those days. In the year 1744 he com-
menced school keeping in Brookfield, at the age of nine-
teen years, which he followed winters, more or less, for
upward of forty years. The same year, commenced in
Hardvvick, being the first schoolmaster in that town.
In April, 1747, he left this country for England, to
obtain a patrimony justly belonging to his father in
Wales, and on the 8th of May, in going north about, was
taken by a French privateer out of Dunkirk, and stripped
of all. Afterwards was ransomed, and arrived at Boston
in October. In August, 1749, he made another voyage
to London, where he stayed some time, and visited
Wales, with the expectation of obtaining his right of
inheritance, but was unsuccessful, on account of the lapse
of time since my grandfather left Wales.
It would be difficult, not to say impossible, to follow
step by step his various avocations and employments for
a period of fourteen years. I would merely remark, in
this time he received a lieutenant's commission in the
army ; not pleased with a soldier's life, he left the army,
and followed his former avocation at intervals, of school
keeping, and as an assistant in a store, and finally went
into a small way of trade himself, until the year 1764,
when he bought a small farm situated in the north parish
in Shrewsbury. In 1765 he married Azubah Goodale,
daughter of Joseph Goodale, a respectable farmer of the
town of Grafton ; at whose house the subject of these
memoirs was born, April 24th, 1766."
The Thomas farm was pleasantly situated between the
Quiunepoxet and Stillwater streams, near where they
unite to form the south branch of the Nashua river. The
district was locally known as " Shrewsbury Leg." It be-
longed to Maryborough from May 31, 1666 to Dec. 19,
249
1727, when it was incorporated as Shrewsbury. It re-
mained Shrewsbury from 1727 to 1742. It was Shrews-
bury North Parish from 1742 to Feb., 1768; Laneester,
Second, or West Parish from 1768 to April 25, 1781 ;
Sterling from 1781 to June 13, 1796; Second Precinct
of Boylston, Sterling, and Holden from 1796 to Jan. 30,
1808. Since 1808 it has been West Boylstou. The pres-
ent post-office address and railroad station is Oakdale.
Mr. Thomas says, "It is rather paradoxical, but no less a
fact, that I have resided in four incorporated towns and
two distinct parishes, and one precinct, yet never moved
from the same farm."
The father, 'William Thomas, buried his first wife in
1781. She was naturally of a feeble constitution, and
died of apoplexy at the age of forty-three years. In
1782 he married Miss Esther Whitney, who survived him
and died in 1831, aged eighty^eight. She had no chil-
dren. He died in 1810, aged eighty-five years. Benja^
min F. Keyes, in his "Genealogical Register of West
Boylston," says of Mr. William Thomas: "He possessed
a peculiar relish for literature and science, and devoted
much time to reading and study, thereby becoming intel-
ligent and interesting to those with whom he associated.
He had also a peculiar taste for astronomical research and
calculation, his bias and genius being strongly fixed in
that direction."
Robert B. Thomas says, "I had one brother only, born
June, 1768, named Aaron. We were the only children
my father ever had. In our youth we were brought up to
farming. Our father, who was thought to be quite a
scholar for those days, instructed us at home, and sent
us to the winter school. I had, when a boy, more of a
mechanical than a literary turn of mind, though my father
never indulged me much in it, wishing rather, as he said,
250
to make me a scholar, giving me the offer of a liberal
education, which I foolishly declined. ... In the winter
of 1783-4 my father sent me to Spencer, with Major E.
Beaman's two sons, to improve my hand in penmanship
(which he was very fond of), with Dr. T. Allen, 6 who, at
that time, wrote the most superior and beautiful copy
hand of any person in the country. I boarded with him
at Mr. J. Stebbiug's ; and when his term was out, I fol-
lowed him to Sterling, and continued with him till April,
and much improved my handwriting. The succeeding
winter, I was agreeably and closely occupied in the study
of arithmetic under my father's inspection, who was well
versed in this science, but had never before allowed me
to pay it any attention, saying he could 'learn me figures
at any time.'
My father was a great reader, and possessed a larger
miscellaneous library than was generally to be met with
in a country town ; of consequence, I spent most of my
leisure hours in reading. Among many scientific works,
no one engrossed more of my attention than Ferguson's
astronomy, from which I derived much pleasure and sat-
isfaction, from the plain and familiar manner in which he
treated the subject ; and from the pleasing study of this
work 1 first imbibed the idea of calculating an almanack.
Previously, I had made a number of calculations of new
and full moon, and taken out the elements, and projected
several eclipses, but found it impracticable to make all
the necessary calculations for an almanack.
In 1786, I had an application to keep school in my
native town, in the Fairbank district, so called. I kept
6 Dr. Israel Allen was a practising physician at Sterling from 1786 to
his death in 1817, at the age of sixty years. He was justice of the
peace from 1803 to 1817. He was the author of an interesting pam-
phlet of sixty pages on the Canker Rash, Scarlatina anginosa.
251
out the town's money, satisfactorily, I believe, and en-
gaged to keep three or four weeks more, by subscription."
Here Mr. Thomas describes quite minutely his seven
years career as teacher in winter, farmer in summer, and
student meanwhiles. He notes nine schools in Princeton,
Sterling and West Boylstou. Under date of 1792 he
writes: "After finishing my school, I returned to my
father's sometime in April, with a full determination never
to resume it again. The business never was very con-
genial to my feelings ; I had pursued it for want of some
better employment."
The narrative continues, "In April, 1789, I returned
to my father's, and pursued my favorite study of astron-
omy, occasionally laboring on the farm, and busying my-
self with book-binding, which business I had been par-
tially fond of for years, binding up manuscripts and
account books, and repairing other old books, for my
neighbors. I found, with all my reading, the want of a
practical knowledge of the calculations of an Almanack,
which I could not obtain by reading this was my hobby.
In September I made a journey into Vermont, to see the
then famous Dr. S. Sternes, who for many years calcu-
lated Isaiah Thomas' 'Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, New Hampshire and Vermont Almanack,' but
failed of seeing him. 7 ....
In the course of the season 1790, I agreed with N.
Coverly, a printer in Boston, 8 to print for me 1,000 of
7 Samuel Stearns was a wandering philosopher sometimes employed
by Isaiah Thomas. He published several works. In one of them,
called "The American. Oracle," he styles himself, "The Honorable
Samuel Stearns, LL. D. and Doctor of Physic, Astronomer to His
Majesty's Provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick ; also to the Com-
monwealth of Massachusetts and the State of Vermont in America.
London: 1791."
8 Nathaniel Coverly published many works in Milk Street, Boston,
to as late as 1823.
252
Perry's Spelling Book (being used exclusively in this
section of the state) which I bound np, and other school
books, and commenced Bookseller. There being but few
books in the country, I found a good sale, to the store-
keepers, schoolmasters, &c. Sometime in the fall, I
called on Mr. Isaiah Thomas, of Worcester (no relation
of mine, as I know of), to purchase 100 of his Almanacks
in sheets, but he refused to let me have them, saying he
did not sell in sheets only to those of the trade. I con-
fess I was mortified, and came home with a determination
to have an Almanack of my own. I very well knew that
there were many things in his that were not generally
approved of; and which I knew I could remedy. . . .
I had now [April, 1792] made up my mind to follow
the book-binding business, there being a call from Boston
and other places at this time for binding. My brother,
whose health was not good, concluded to go into business
with me. We contracted with a carpenter to build us a
bindery and store adjoining, in the course of the follow-
ing summer, near my father's 5 prior to which we had
carried it on in a chamber in our father's dwelling-house. 9
Still, I could not relinquish the idea of publishing an
Almanack of my own. The last of June or the first of
July, 1792, I went to Boston and agreed with Osgood
Carleton, then a teacher of mathematics in Boston, 10 to
9 Mr. Thomas' dwelling and bindery were near the Oakdale railroad
station. The bindery has been removed. The dwelling is now, 1874,
occupied by Mr. Charles Harris.
1U " An Astronomical Diary : or an Almanack for the Year of our
Lord 1790. By Osgood Carleton, Teacher of Mathematicks, in Boston.
Printed and sold by Samuel Hall, in Cornhill, Boston." Previous
Almanacs had "appeared under a fictitious name." "The rapid sale
of my former calculations, together with the general approbation of
the purchasers, has induced me to lay aside obscure signatures, and
to subscribe myself,
The Public's most obedient humble servant,
Boston, May 1, 1789. OSGOOI> CARLETOX."
253
instruct me in astronomy, so far as related to the practical
part of calculating an almanack ; which he readily con-
sented to do for a stipulated consideration. I continued
at Mr. Carleton's school, kept in an unfinished building in
Merchant's Row, till the latter part of August, and made
all the calculations for an Almanack for the year 1793,
being my first number. Before I left town I disposed of
my copy to two young printers, long since deceased
Joseph Belknap and Thomas Hall for a certain per-
centage on all those that should be sold ; which, with a
very trifling exception, has continued ever since, though
the copy-right has been repeatedly transferred."
Robert B. Thomas sent out his first almanac with a
"Preface" to the "Friendly Reader." The following is
quoted from it. "Having, for several years past, paid
some attention to that divine science, Astronomy, the
study of which must afford infinite pleasure and satisfac-
tion to every contemplative mind, it is this, with the
repeated solicitations of my friends, that have [has?]
induced me to present you with these Astronomical Cal-
culations for the year 1793 ; which I have thought proper
to entitle the Farmer's Almanac, as I have made it my
principal aim to make it as useful as possible to that class
of people." The title-page more in full was : "The Far-
mer's Almanac, calculated on a new and improved plan,
for the Year of our Lord 1793; By Robert B. Thomas.
Published according to Act of Congress. Printed at the
Apollo Press, in Boston, by Belknap and Hall; Sold at
their Office, State Street; also by the Author and M.
Smith, Sterling." 11
The almanac has been published at Boston from the
"The store of Moses Smith, the town clerk of Sterling, was burnt
With all its contents, Sept. 27, 1794 ; among which were all the public
records of the town, from its first organization as a Parish.
254
first. In 1793 by Belknap & Hall; 1796, Joseph Bel-
knap ; 1797, John West ; 1809, John West & Co. ; 1813,
West & Richardson; 1819, West, Richardson & Lord;
1821, Richardson & Lord; 1830, Richardson, Lord &
Holbrook; 1833, Carter, Heudee & Co.; 1837, Charles
J. Hendee ; 1839, G. W. Palmer & Co. ; 1840, Jeuks &
Palmer; 1848, Jenks, Palmer & Co.; 1852, Jenks,
Hinkling & Swan; 1856, Hinkling, Swan & Brown;
1858, Hinkling, Swan & Brewer; 1861, Swan, Brewer,
& Tileston ; 1864, Brewer & Tileston.
Every copy of the Farmer's Almanac has had a stanza
of poetry on the title-page, except for the years 1808 and
1813, when a single quotation from Ferguson takes its
place. The calendar pages, from the first, have been
headed by verses. The first number of the almanac had
neither illustrations nor diagrams. The second number,
1794, had its title-page illustrated with a rural scene.
In the foreground there is a farmer with a yoke of oxen
ploughing. In the background there stands a farmhouse
surrounded with orcharding. The embellishments are a
globe marked by meridians, a parchment roll, scythes,
sickle, wreaths and horns of plent}'. This number also
contains diagrams to illustrate two eclipses of the moon.
In 1797 the illustration on the title-page changes. A
country prospect still. The central figure is Ceres, the
goddess of agriculture, reclining on a bank of poppies
beneath an oak, her temples crowned with a garland of
corn. At her left lie scythe, sickle, hoe, pickaxe, shovel.
Her right hand points out the landscape a farmer
ploughing, farmhouses, out-buildings, fences, cart, trees
and hills in the distance.
In 1800 the calendar pages appear illustrated for the
first time. January ; boys skating and whipping top on
the ice, dwelling house and forest in the background.
February; farmer at his barn, oxen and plough at rest.
March ; boys with satchels on their way to school, houses
and woods in the distance. April ; husbandman sowing
grain, orchard, pasture. May ; fisherman trawling for
pickerel. June ; shepherd, dog and flock reclining in the
shade . July ; haymakers and load of hay drawn by
oxen. August; traveller with staff, bundle and dog,
approaching an inn. September; harvesters reaping and
carrying grain ; the next year the grain is loaded. Octo-
ber ; sportsmen, one sitting on the ground, another on a
'stump with a gun and pointing to the woods. November ;
drover and his herd. December ; fagot-gatherer and
greyhound approaching a house.
In 1804 the illustrations for the calendar pages were
changed to the twelve figured signs of the zodiac. Jan-
uary ; Aquarius. The water-bearer, beautiful Gauny-
mede, cup-bearer to the gods in place of Hebe, is seated,
not upon a flying eagle, but on the banks of the Nile,
emptying his pitcher into the stream ; Mt. Ida, u temple
and rays of setting sun in the horizon. February ; Pisces.
Venus, who sprung from the sea, and Cupid, her son,
frightened by the malignant Typhon, on the banks of the
Euphrates, were changed into fishes. Tied to the extrem-
ities of a long, undulating ribbon, they lie exposed on
the frozen banks of the stream, surrounded with a wintry
landscape, a man with horse and sled in the distance, rays
of the sun in the horizon. March ; Aries. This cele-
brated ram bore on his back Phryxus and his sister Helle,
from the inveterate fury of their step-mother, Ino. As
if wearied by his swift aerial flight, he now reposes on
the malarial heights of Colchis. Above him spreads the
tree, at whose trunk stands the stony altar of Mars, on
which his body is to be offered, and in whose branches
his coveted golden fleece is to be suspended and guarded
256
by the dragon till seized away by Jason and the brave
Argonauts. April ; Taurus. Not rampant but contem-
plative now, for Jupiter is love-sick. The father of goda
assumes the form of .a snow- white bull, that he may
mingle with the herds of Agenor in the meadows where
his daughter, the beautiful Europa, with her handmaids,
gathers flowers, till she shall venture, first to caress, then
to mount upon his back, when he will precipitately bear
her over the sea, to his home in Crete. May ; Gemini.
Castor and Pollux, twin sons of Jupiter and Leda, are
now spruce young gentlemen, not sitting down, but on'
their legs walking arm-in-arm. They have finished their
education at the college of Pallena on their right, and
the temple of Minerva on their left ; they have won en-
during fame by prowess in the Argonautic expedition and
in clearing the Hellespont from pirates. Henceforth,
wearing shield, broad-brimmed hat and glittering star,
gods of boxing and wrestling and patrons of sailors and
navigation. June ; Cancer. Infelicitous sea-crab ! While
Hercules strove with the Lerneean hydra, Juno, queen of
heaven, envious of his fame, sent a crab to bite and annoy
the hero's feet. But the crab was soon despatched. In
the picture, not even Juno's powerful patronage, whose
temple and grove appear in the background, is able to
shield the unhappy crustacean from the scorching plagues
of heaven. July; Leo. The furious lion still ranging
at will over burning plains, and ravaging the Lernsean
forest, awaits the massive club and, hand-to-hand death-
grapple of the youthful, wrathful Hercules. August;
Virgo. The Virgin Astraea, as goddess of plenty, holds
a sickle in her right hand, and in her left a sheaf of
ripened grain. Her tresses are bound with a wreath, and
one snowy foot protrudes from beneath the folds of her
ample dress as she reclines on the fruitful earth. She is
257
adored in Egypt as Isis, who, fleeing from Typhon, who
had basely murdered Osiris, his brother and her husband,
dropped her sheaf, scattering ears of corn over the earth,
and whose abundant tears, in view of her great loss,
causes the annual overflow of the Nile; September ;
Libra. Astrsea is the goddess of justice, and her appro-
priate emblems are a sword in her right , hand and a
balance in her left. During the golden age of the world,
she dwelt on earth. Prosperity and happiness reigned
among men, with equal days and nights. But wicked-
ness and impiety came in with the brazen and iron ages.
She lingered last of the gods, but at length flew away to
Elysium. Now her scales, unpoised and neglected, lie
on the ground beside the tree of knowledge. October ;
Scorpio. Sign by ancient astrologers accursed. Orion
had vainly boasted there was no animal he could not con-
quer. But imperious Juno commanded the scorpion to
spring out of the earth and sting the giant; of which
venomous wound he died in excruciating pain. Mars,
god of war y is tutelar deity of the scorpion. Together,
malignant god and baleful sign render ill-starred October
prolific in disorders, disease and death. November ; Sag-
ittarius. Fabulous monster, half man, half horse. The
archer Chiron, chiefest of Thessalian horsemen, stands
forth proudly mounted, with quiver, bow bent and arrow
fixed. He was famous in knowledge of music, medicine
and shooting. He instructed in the polite arts the great-
est heroes of his time, Apollo, Achilles, Hercules, Jason,
jJEseulapius, ^Eneas. December ; Capricornus. The goat
was sacrificed to Bacchus on account of its propensity to
destroy the vine. No danger here in these barren, rocky,
wintry latitudes. A miniature companion is perched on
a rock pinnacle in the distance.
The almanac for 1806 has diagrams to illustrate "a very
258
remarkable eclipse of the Sun." In 1809 the illustra-
tions for title and calendar pages are changed somewhat.
The title-page has Father Time, with wings, scythe
and overturning urn, seated beneath a tree. The designs
for the calendar pages are less embellished now, and there
are other changes beside. Aquarius has older grown,
and, reclining, rests his bald head on his right arm. The
Fishes are allered from respectable "cod" to detestable
"devil-fish." Aries is turned about to face the right.
Taurus has lain down to rest. The Twins are seated now,
uith spears in hand and halo overhead. Cancer no longer
skulks in the bushes, but sprawls magnificently. Leo
crouches for a spring. Virgo has changed her style of
dressing the hair, and faced the right. The /Scales are
poised, justice shall be done. /Scorpio has changed front.
The Archer has got his horse into a run. The Goat
stands facing the left.
The Almanac for 1830 contains a map of Massachu-
setts. That for 1831 a diagram to show an eclipse of the
sun ; 1832, a map of New England. In 1834, beside a
diagram of the sun's eclipse, we have a supplement of
ten pages and twelve illustrations of intemperance. We
read in 1837, "In justice to myself I ought to state that
my likeness is inserted in this number of the Almanack
at the special desire of my publishers." The picture
appears again in 1838, with a diagram of the moon's
eclipse. The author's autograph appears for the first time
in 1842 ; again in 1848, and onward.
The almanac for 1853 presents further alterations in
title and calendar pages. 12 Father Time has a more youth-
12 "For about forty years past, we have used upon our Title-
page and Calendar pages, wood-cuts or engravings done when the art
of engraving was not as advanced as now; but as time, the press,
and constant use have worn down the surface of the cuts, we intend,
259
ful appearance. He sits more erect, is less bald, his
beard has grown, and he has shouldered his scythe, which
before lay at his feet. A winged hourglass stands beside
him. Aquarius, too, has improved in hair and beard,
but his urn is exchanged for a discharging street sewer.
The Fishes present a more outre look than ever. Aries
lies more contentedly. But Taurus, enraged, stalks the
field. Juvenescent Pollux has adolescent, thoughtful
grown. Cancer is developed to a more modern type.
Leo crouches to the right as before to the left. Virgo
has resumed her wreath and matronly appearance. The
Scales are seen in the hand which supports them. Scorpio
remains still a species puzzling to Essex County amateurs.
The Archer has assumed a flowing mantle. The Goat
now faces to the right again. These changes have pro-
duced the figures now grown familiar to the eyes of this
generation.
The following is quoted from the first address to the
"Friendly Reader," 1793. "The arrangement of this
almanac is novel, though I have the vanity to believe it
will be found to be as useful and convenient as any other
almanac either of a double or single calendar."
Isaiah Thomas in 1794, the year following R. B.
Thomas' first issue, thus addressed "Kind Reader :" "As
a circumstance in favour of the contents of my former
Almanacks, a new author has not only endeavored to
copy our shape, in size and arrangement, but has given
copious extracts in his work from those which I have
in our next number, to insert new and better engravings of the same
subject, which we hope will please all." Almanac, 1852.
" Our appearance somewhat changed by new engravings
Father Time burnished up and improved in his outward adornings.
.-.... signs of the constellations a little more artistic." Almanac,
1853.
(18)
260
published for several years past, and which you will easily
perceive by comparing his last year's Almanack with some
of my old ones."
To this accusation R. B. Thomas replies in a postscript
to his second preface, 1794. "A selfish editor, who for
a number of years past has published an almanack of the
same size with this, and who appears to be very much
chagrined at our success, has not only privately endeav-
oured to injure us, but in the most ungenerous manner
publicly attacked our reputation, in his preface of the
present year, by charging us with making copious ex-
tracts from his former almanacks. The falsity of this
assertion will be obvious to every observer ; our simi-
larity to his is no greater than an almanack of one year
must necessarily be to that of a former ; and no greater
than his own of each year is to that of the preceding.
To the judgment of a candid public, and not to the caprice
of an avaricious printer, we submit the merits or demerits
of our little publication, and doubt not, as in the last
year, of meeting with that success which we have endeav-
oured to merit.
It is worthy of remark, that notwithstanding the puff
with which this mighty printer introduces himself to the
public, in the present years preface, his almanack will be
found, to a nice observer, to be fraught with error and
irregularity. In his astronomical calculations of the last
year, there were no less than 56 real errors ; it is also (as
is that of the present year) destitute of every 'aspect,'
although he has very modestly inserted the word aspects
at the top of the columns where they ought to be. Two
egregious errors were also made in the eclipses of the
last year ; one was inserted on a day in which there was
none, and the other as a visible eclipse of the sun, when
the greatest obscurity was before its rising.
261
His endeavor to cajole the public, by insinuating in his
preface that he has given the value of two shillings and
sixpence for the common price of an almanack, is con-
spicuously contemptible. It is well known that 48 pages
of an almanac, be the matter what it may, has for many
years sold for sixpence, and afforded a very handsome
profit to the. vender."
Isaiah Thomas replied in a second edition of his alma-
nac for 1794. In 1795 R. B. Thomas continues his re-
spouse to what he calls "an invidious criticism." "The
readers of our last year's Almanack will recollect that
we then mentioned an ungenerous attack upon its repu-
tation by a certain self-important Printer; but we are
happy to inform the friends of the Farmer's Almanack,
that this attack was so far from effecting the intended
purpose (injuring the sale) that we last year sold upwards
of nine thousand of our Almanacks being nearly three
times the number of our first year's sale. This we con-
ceive to be the most flattering proof of the approbation
of the public we can possibly receive.
It is worthy of remark, that our weak antagonist was
so much chagrined at our notice of his meanness, that he
put himself to the trouble of reprinting one page of his
Almanack (which he called a second edition) on purpose
to answer us. The best reply that can be made to this
paragon of literature will be to make one or two remarks
on his ability to maintain the character for which he
palms himself upon the public, viz., literary rectitude.
In his first line he says : 'the dulcet of Apollo is changed
into a squirter of venom.' It is only necessary to remark
here that there is scarcely a schoolboy who reads the
above, but will know that the poor man does not under-
stand even the rudiments of English grammar. He says,
'he has unfortunately by a random shot broken their gall-
bladders.' This is certainly a delicate expression, be-
262
cause in the next line he very confidently says, he shall
not wound the feelings of his readers by scurrility. The
truth is, he is incapable of writing anything fit for public
inspection ; and therefore, after picking up a few dirty
expressions, he very consistently says he will avoid scur-
rility."
Here the open controversy ended.
The success of R. B. Thomas' almanac has been remark-
able. He says of his first number, 1793, "The very kind
reception it met with from the indulgent public was very
flattering and deserves my most grateful acknowledg-
ment. The demand for it was greater than my most
sanguine expectations could have suggested." Three
thousand . copies were sold. The second number, 1794,
had an "extraordinary reception ;" "sold upwards of nine
thousand Almanacks." In 1796, Mr. Thomas says that
"the yeomanry and others have given it decided pre-emi-
nence over any other Almanack." In 1802 he declares
it "generally acceptable throughout this, and in many
parts of the other New England States." In 1803 it
"has received liberal encouragement beyond the Editor's
most sanguine expectations, and he believes unprece-
dented by any other Almanack ever published in the
New England States." Following numbers speak of
"continued favours. . .cordial reception. . . flattering
encouragement. . . the extensive and increased patron-
age. . . generous support. . . liberal remuneration. . .
distinguishing marks of approbation and acceptance," of
"an indulgent public. . . many patrons. . . . numerous
friends and correspondents." In 1853 the publishers say,
"Except the Bible, we believe no work has been oftener
consulted or is more read in our New-England than
this." In 1863 "the sale of this almanac arose to 225,000
copies." In 1864 its editor "sifts the wheat from the
chaff for the benefit of a million of readers."
Some trouble arose from this popularity. Other alma-
nacs were started under similar names. There is no evi-
dence that the "New England Farmer's Almanac" by
Dudley Leavitt, 1798, Exeter and afterwards Concord,
N. H., was started in opposition, or even rivalry. But
soon the following among others appeared : The Yankee
or Farmer's Almanack, by Thomas Spofford, Boston,
1817 ; The New England Farmer's Diary and Almanac,
by Truman Abel, Windsor, Vt., 1818; The Maine Far-
mer's Almanac, by Daniel Robinson, Hallowell, 1819 ;
The New England Farmer's Almanack, by Thomas Green
Fessenden, Boston, 1828.
Mr. Thomas writes in 1820, "To show how well our
little work has been appreciated by the public, we need no
other evidence than to witness the many new publications
of the kind annually springing up, whose Authors appear
ambitious of a similarity to ours, by copying our plan
and form, and some have assumed our title, which will
make it necessary for our friends and patrons to enquire
for the 'Farmer's Almanack, by R. B. Thomas,' to pre-
vent any mistake." In 1825 he "finds that others are
copying our 'manner and form,' and even in more in-
stances than one have usurped our title We ac-
knowledge that it is an animating reflection that the old
Farmer's Almanack maintains the rank which it holds
in the public's estimation, surrounded as it is by com-
petitors and rivals of no mean fame." 13 This year and
1826, '28 and '31 Mr. Thomas calls his publication the
"Old Farmer's Almanack." In 1832, '33, '34, '35, and
from 1848 onward this name appears on the title-page.
How much of this popularity is to be attributed to his
13 "The success our little work has been honored with has drawn
forth a host of imitators in every part of the New England States."
Almanac, 1826.
264
weather predictions I do not know. Nathaniel Ames
affirms in his Astronomical Diary for 1759, "Although a
Perhaps, with justice, might always be added to what I
say of the Weather, yet I have collected the best Rules
that Experience has taught me in that Affair, from the
As 
