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NATURAL HisToRy
SURVEY

Digitized by the Internet Archive
In 2011 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://www.archive.org/details/europeancornboreO9flin

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STaTe OF ILLINors

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
DIVISION OF THE
STATE NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY
STEPHEN A. Forses, Chief
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES

CIRCULAR 6
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THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER

(A recently imported European insect injurious to corn)

By W. P. FLINT anp J. R. MALLOCH

PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS
1920

Q. OF ILL. LB.

Natura} History Surweg

THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER

By W. P. Firnt and J. R. MALLocH

The European corn borer, a very destructive insect pest of corn,
hops, millet, and a number of other cultivated crops in Europe, was
found in eastern Massachusetts late in the summer of 1917. It is now
known to be established in an area of about 1900 square miles in the
eastern part of Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire, and in two
smaller areas, one in central New York centering about Schenectady
and the other in western New York in the counties bordering on Lake
Erie.

Male

Female

European corn borer (Pyrausta nudilalis Hub.) Twice natural size.

The insect in its young or larval stage bores in all parts of the corn
plant except the roots, causing the most serious injury by its attack on
the tassel, stem of the ear, and ear. As many as 311 larvae have been

4

taken from a single hill of corn and 17 from a single ear. It has proven
very destructive to sweet corn in Massachusetts, and from our present
knowledge of its habits, it seems likely that rt may become one of the
most injurious corn insects in this country. Besides corn, it is known
to infest, in greater or less degree, over a hundred other plants, including
nearly all our cultivated crops.

Egg-mass of European corn borer on leaf of corn; natural size.

The insect was probably brought into this country in shipments of
broom-corn, and as a number of shipments of imported broom-corn have
been received by factories in the north central states, there is a slight
possibility that it is already established in this part of the country.

There are a number of native borers which closely resemble the
European corn borer, the most common of which is found in smartweed.
This species, however, does not cause any damage to cultivated crops,
altho it frequently winters in corn stalks and the stems of a number of our
common weeds and grasses. Several other insects not closely related
to the corn borer have somewhat similar habits in their manner of work-
ing in the stems of plants ‘and may be confused with it.

Corn plants showing the characteristic breaking over of the tassel
caused by the work of the European corn borer.

Ear of corn infested by European corn borer, showing the characteristic
exudations of frass.

Larvae of the smartweed borer (Pyrausta obumbratilis Lederer) in stems of
Amaranthus (upper) and corn (lower).

The distinguishing characters of these insects are briefly as follows:
The larvae or worms are greenish clay-colored and when fully grown
are about an inch in length. The body has-a number of small round

blackish or brownish spots regularly arranged,
each of which has upon it one or two minute
hairs or bristles. Usually there is no very
distinct stripe or other markings on the back.
A good idea of the general appearance of the
larva of the European corn borer and its nearest
American ally, referred to above, may be
obtained from an examination of the figures of
the two species in this circular. Almost inva-
riably they may be separated by the size and

distance apart of the two larger spots on the -

back of each abdominal segment. In the
European species these spots are much smaller
and more widely separated than in the native
species, their distance apart exceeding the
width of one spot, while in the native species
the distance between the spots is less than the
width of one spot. Other characters by means
of which the European species may be distin-
guished accurately are dealt with in a more

Larva of the
Smartweed European
borer corn borer

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extensive paper which may be obtained upon application to the office
mentioned below.

As several of our. native borers closely resemble the European
corn borer, and as it is highly important that we should have an early
knowledge of the presence of this insect if it becomes established in the
corn belt, any one finding borers attacking corn or other cultivated
plants by boring in the stems or other parts, and which resemble the
above species, is strongly urged to send the same at once to the Natural
History Survey, Urbana, Illinois, for positive identification.

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