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From  the  Library 

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Jodcrl)  Sulllvaal 

Presented  by  his  daughters 
Elizabeth  and  Jane 


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Orclia-TcL,  Mission  711  cLe-e^A-tl^ri-teu, 

ant^  otl^ers^  serving"  ^L^T^i>ig  '^^^ 
Atle^v^tsL  ca-vvipMgY].  with    t^e 
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EvERY-DAY  Soldier  Liee, 


OK 


A   HISTORY 


One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry. 


F.   M.   McAdams,  RicHwooD,  Ohio, 
\ 

SEKGEANT    OF    CO.    E.       . 


COI.UMIUS.  O.; 

CHAS.    M.    CllIT    k    CU.,    HOOK     IKINTEKS 


(884. 

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TIL1>;,.;  Fv.  ND.Vi'iwNS 
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Ai  ilic  Eiglitli  Annual  Rt-uiiion  of  the  iljlh  O.  \.  1.  huld  at  (Joliiinlju>,  0., 
August  ilth,  l88l,  tlie  plan  of  a  legiuiental  hisluiy  was  discussed.  It  \\;i^ 
determined  to  have  a  history  written  and  published,  and  ilie  autlior  was  assigned 
to  that  duty.  The  labor  lias  been  one  of  no  small  magnitude,  and  I  now  present 
it  to  my  comrades  and  the  public  with  the  hope  that  when  its  defects  and  merits 
are  duly  estimated,  there  will  be  a  balance  in  my  favor. 


IHANKS. 

The  data  from  which  this  work  is  compiled  C(jnsists  niaiui)-  of  the  author's 
record  of  every-day  affairs  taken  on  the  spot.  l>ut  tcj  my  messmate,  Isaac  (iKEKN, 
Company  E;  P.  II.  Whitehkad,  Company  15;  I.ovai,  H  Ci.ousk,  Company  F. 
and  Captain  (jeor(;e  McCrka,  for  notes  and  records  of  value,  I  desire  to  make 
public  acknowledgment. 

John  P.  Slemmons,  Clerk  in  the  otilice  of  the  Adjutant  General  of  Ohio, 
deserves  our  thanks  for  many  courtesies  extended  to  Miss  Ma.mie  A.  Whiik.  «  im 
so  ably  performed  her  duties  in  co|n'ing  the  original  Muster-Out  Rolls  and  other 
papers. 

RicHwooD,  Ohio,  1884. 


K.  M.  .\k ADAMS. 


PREFACE. 


'I'hcre  are  yet  lising  hvindrcds  of  brave  men  who  served  in  the 
(_)ne  Hundred  and  I'hirteenlh  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  who  share 
with  the  writer  a  desire  to  have  their  names  and  deeds  preserved  in 
history.  This  humble  effort  has  Ijeen  undertaken  more  as  a  labor  of 
love  than  of  jjecuniary  prolit.  and  if  these  pages  shall  rescue  from 
the  oblivion  that  usualb  attends  the  rank  and  file  of  armies,  their 
names  and  their  heroism,  and  be  the  means  of  per})etuating  to  future 
generations  that  proud  place  in  lh<.-  annals  of  the  army  to  which  m\- 
comrades  are  entitled,  I  shall  feel  am|)l\-  rewarded  for  my  labor;.. 

This  is  not  a  history  uf  ihe  war;  not  a  re\iew'  of  camitaigns  and 
siege.-^,  but  a  record  of  duties,  deetls  and  trials  of  the  man  who  bore 
the  musket  and  made  victory  for  the  country  and  fame  for  his  com- 
mander. And,  if  it  is  found  to  be  a  work  in  which  the  commoii 
.-,(jldier  is  the  hero,  the  ai^ology  offered  is  merely  an  explanation  that 
the  material  on  hand  was  of  that  kind  which  dealt  princii)all)  with 
the  enlisted  men. 

I  have  found  it  a  source  of  c(Mistantly  increasing  regret,  that  in  the 
beginning  of  mv  career  as  a  soldier,  1  did  not  foresee  the  demand  for 
these  pages,  and  that  1  would  be  chosen  to  com|)ile  the  same  for 
l)ublication.  In  that  case  1  might  ha\e  made  greater  and  more 
diligent  efforts  to  collect  and  preserve  facts  and  make  a  record  of 
incidents  which  are  now  forever  lost.  It  need  not  seem  strange  to 
m\  comrade  readers,  if  in  this  reccud  of  three  long  years  of  service  in 
camp  and  field,  there  should  oi cur  many  omissions  of  imi)ortant  and 
interesting  events.  It  would  have  retiuired  more  than  human  skill 
to  have  kept  a  faithful,  faidtless  account  of  all  incidents,  accidents 
and  adventures  occurring  in  all   [Kirts  of  a  i:oi\imand  in  which  more 


4  J'ti/itic. 

than  a  thousand  men  were  llie  actors.  .M\  aun  lias  been  to  present 
such  general  incidents  of  every -day  sijJdier  life  as  have  escaped  the 
pen  of  the  more  competent  hi>torian,  and  such  as  will  |)rove  of  most 
interest  to  men  uilli  whom  1  shared  the  life  of  a  common  soldier, 
leaving  to  others  the  weightier  matters  of  the  great  <  ivil  war. 

From  (.!amp  C'hase,  1862,  to  I'od  Itarracks,  1S65,  l»v  way  of  liie 
mountains,  the  rivers  and  the  sea,  there  lies  a  multitude  of  daring 
tieeds  by  tlaring  men  worthy  of  a  i)la(  e  in  history. 

It  is  hoped  that  this  record  will  be  a  source  of  gratification  to  man\ 
a  ])arent,  sister,  brother  or  child  of  those  of  our  number  who  went 
forth  with  us  but  wlio  returned  not  to  tell  the  story  of  their  services  ; 
while  to  those  of  us  who  >hared  in  it  and  >till  live,  it  will  ser\  e 
to  keep  in  memory  the  duties,  names  and  services  of  ourselves  and 
our  comrades  till  we  shall  be  commanded  to  "fall  in  "  to  cross  the 
great  pontoon  which  spans  the  dark  river,  separating  us  from  the 
land  of  rest  and  eternal  peace  ;  and  at  the  la>l  grand  roll  call  nui\ 
we  all  answer — "here."  !• .  M.  M. 


EVERY-DAY  SOLDIER  LIFE, 


OK 


A   HIS'I'ORV  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  ITiH^TEENTH 
OHIO  VOLUNTEER  INFANTRY. 


A  U  ( X  U  S  T  ,    1862. 

/J.  Enlisted  at  Urbana,  Ohio,  for  three  years,  or  during  the  war. 
Joseph  Swisher  and  Harrison  Walburn  enlisted  at  the  same  time. 
We  returned  to  our  homes,  and  began  to  i)ut  our  affairs  in  condition 
to  be  off  for  Camp  Chase  in  a  few  days. 

28.  Boarded  a  train  at  Urbana,  bound  for  Columbus.  On  the 
train  1  met  for  the  first  time  those  who  are  to  share  with  me  the 
uncertain  life  that  lies  before  us.  They  are  from  the  farms  and  work- 
shops of  the  western  part  of  Champaign  county.  A  few  are  men  of 
mature  age,  many  are  youthful,  and  all  seem  in  good  spirits  and 
anxious  for  adventure.  1  can  see  on  the  cheeks  of  more  than  one  of 
them  the  effects  of  their  first  battle,  that  of  tearing  themselves  from 
home  and  its  endearments  to  choose  the  life  of  a  soldier. 

In  two  hours  our  train  lands  us  at  Columbus.  Disembarking,  we 
made  a  half  successful  effort  to  form  in  two  ranks.  It  was  not  done 
gracefully.  Some  of  the  men,  recognizing  no  authority  in  those  who 
were  attempting  to  form  us  into  column,  took  up  a  line  of  march  of 
their  own  ;  the  more  tractable  ones  under  conmiand  of  John  !•'.  Riker, 
then  moved  up  High  street  to  the  Capitol  grounds,  where  we  rested 
for  a  time.  At  5  P.  M.  we  started  for  Camp  Chase,  a  distance  of 
four  miles,  which  place  we  reached  without  incident. 

Several  companies  of  recruits  intended  for  the  regiment  are  already 
here  ;  on  inquiry  I  learn  that  they  came  from  Madison,  Licking  and 
Franklin  counties. 

Our  arrival  at  dark  made  it  difficult  to  procure  comfortable  quarters. 
Without   tents,    and   with   only    a  blanket   and   heaven's   cano^jy   for 


Kvny-ihxy  SoUici   Lijc  :  [t'ami)  C  hnsc 


a  covering,  and  a  split  stick  of  wood  for  a  pillow,  I  spent  one  \vear\ 
hour  after  another  in  an  unsuccessful  effort  to  sleep.  Would  have 
had  l)etter  success  had  it  not  heen  (or  a  nuniber  of  our  men  \vh(j 
devoted  the  greater  part  of  the  night  to  noisy  revelry. 

Krom  "  Reminiscences  of  the  Camp  and  Field,'"  written  bs  me 
several  years  later,  I  (juote: 

"  Night  was  spreading  her  dark  mantle  over  earth  when  we  reached 
camp,  weary,  hungry,  dusty,  thirsty,  footsore  and  not  a  little  out  of 
tune  besides.  The  experiences  of  the  first  day  and  night  in  the 
service  I  recall  with  peculiar  feelings.  We  had  changed  the  life  of  a 
civilian  for  that  of  a  soldier  ;  had  given  up  the  domestic  endearments 
of  hon)e  life,  and  had  already  marked  a  day  in  a  new  era.  *  *  * 
.\  j)roper  regard  for  the  truth  compels  me  to  say  that  this  was  not 
a  shady,  secluded  grove,  with  fountains  of  living  waters  and  falling 
cataracts  ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  a  farm  of  several  hundred  acres,  flat, 
unshaded  and  nearly  destitute  of  grass.  Here  and  there  are  numer- 
ous buildings  in  which  are  the  several  offices  of  the  camp,  besides 
others  which  are  used  as  store  houses  for  clothinn,  conimissary  sup- 
plies, ordnance,  &c." 

2g.  Morning  came,  and  we  spend  the  da\  looking  about,  strolling 
over  the  camp,  killing  time  and  making  accpiaintances  in  our  own 
and  other  companies.  When  night  came,  we  gathered  into  little 
groups  and  discussed  the  various  events  of  the  day.  With  new 
blankets  and  better  accommodations  we  sjjent  the  night  comfortably. 

The  Ohio  State  Journal  speaks  of  the  arrival  of  our  company  as 
follows  : 

"Captain  Riker,  of  Champaign  county,  arrived  here  last  evening 
with  ninety  men.  This  is  the  oldest  looking  company  we  have  seen. 
We  noticed  several  gray-haired  men.  This  is  all  right,  and  there  is 
more  of  deliberate  valor  and  bravery  to  be  expected  from  men  of 
riper  years.     The  company  joins  the  i  131).  regiment." 

JO.  We  made  the  actjuaintance  of  Dr.  J.  R.  Black,  who,  I  learn,  is 
to  be  our  surgeon.  He  is  from  Newark.  We  were  critically  exam- 
ined by  him,  and  all  accepted  but  one  lad,  Joseph  I.ondenback,  who 
takes  it  philosophically,  and  starts  for  home. 

This  evening,  when  all  was  hushed  in  the  stillness  that  succeeds 
"taps,"  the  voice  of  song  accompanied  b\  a  guitar,  broke  the  silence. 
The  matchless  sweetness  of  the  singer's  voice,  the  deftness  with 
which  he  touched  his  instrument,  together  with  the  strange  surround- 
inus,  made  tlie  effect  irresistible,  as  he  sang — 


August.  '62.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I. 


"  Don't  stop  a  moment  to  think,  John, 
Our  country  calls,  then  go  ; 
Don't  fear  for  me  nor  the  children,  John, 
I'll  care  for  them,  you  know. 
Leave  the  corn  upon  the  stalk,  John, 
The  fruit  upon  the  tree. 
And  all  our  little  cares,  John, 
Ves,  leave  them  all  to  me. 

Chori  s — "Then  take  your  gun  and  go, 
Ves,  take  your  gun  and  go, 
For  Ruth  can  drive  the  oxen,  John, 
Ami  I  can  use  the  hoe. 

"  r\e  iieaid  my  grandsire  tell,  John, 
He  fought  at  Bunker  Hill, 
He  counted  all  his  life  and  wealth 
His  country's  off' ring  still; 
Wo.uld  I  shame  that  lirave  old  hlood,    |ohn, 
That  (lowed  on  Monmouth  Plain  ? 
Xo ;   take  your  gun  and  go,  John, 
Though  1  ne'er  see  you  again. 

"The  army's  short  of  blankets,  John. 
Then  take  this  heavy  pair — 
1  spun  and  wove  them  when  a  girl 
And  worked  them  with  much  care  ; 
.\  rose  in  every  corner,  John, 
And  here's  my  name,  you  see  ; 
On  the  cold  ground  they'll  warmer  feel. 
Because  they're  made  by  me. 

"  And  now,  good-bye  to  you,  John, 
I  can  not  ^ay  fare'ivell  : 
We'll  hope  and  pray  for  tlie  best,  John, 
His  goodness  none  can  tell — 
May  lii>  arm  he  lounil  abmit  you,  John, 
To  guard  \nu  night  and  dav. 
lie  our  beloved  country's  sJiielH 
rill  war  shall  jjass  a\\a\-.'' 

One  of  our  men,  named  Baldwin,  sickened  of  his  bargain  and 
chopped  off  his  fingers.  This  was  an  act  of  shameful  cowardice, 
and  if  he  lives  to  liave  grandchildren,  they  will  share  in  his  shame 
for  this  act. 

The  affair  was  made  a  source  of  amusement,  for  J.  L.  Edmiston, 
the  wag  of  the  company,  mounted  a  stump  and  delivered  a  sermon 
from  the  text,  Matt,  v,  30,  "And  if  thy  right  hand  offend  thee,  cut  it 
off,  and  cast  it  from  thee." 


ETfi\-tia\  Soltiiii   Jj/r  :  iCaiiiii  (li.isi- 


si;i'ri:Mi;KK.  isf.j 

/-T.  \\\'  lia\c  been  l^jkiiii;  lessons  in  si|na(l  cliillin_Li.  |)iilling  our 
iinarleis  in  liettcr  condition,  and  in  other  ways  oc<:iij)\  in;;,  tlie  weary 
hours. 

6.  One  of  our  lent^  <  auglit  fire  hist  nij^ht  and  liurned  uj).  The 
man  with  soda  water  and  ginger  bread  had  a  brisk  trade  witli  us 
across  the  guard  line.  'I'hink  he  came  out  loser.  Soldiers  are  full 
of  tricks. 

■V.  Have  been  taking  a  lesson  in  doing  guard  duty — two  hours  on 
and  four  off.  'IMiere  is  some  novelt\  in  it,  which  1  sui)pose  will  wear 
off.  Loss  of  sleep  goes  hard  with  me.  Pacing  back  and  forth  on  a 
beat  lor  two  liours  is  a  monotonous  duty,  and  gives  opportunitN  for 
retlection. 

g.  Nearly  one-third  of  the  men  are  absent  on  short  furlough. 
Others  are  absent  without  leave;  but  they  return  after  a  time,  and  all 
goes  well,  (ireen  and  I  go  beyond  the  lines  and  spend  part  of  the 
(lav  in  the  shady  wood.  In  the  evening  we  have  our  first  battalion 
drill.      It  was  not  mut.h  of  a  success,  but  we  can  do  better  ne.xt  time. 

A  i^iw  of  our  men  have  seen  service  in  the  three  month's  regiments, 
and  have  had  valuable  experience. 

//.  Harry  Walburn  and  I  missed  roll  call  this  morning,  and  were 
threatened  with  punishment.  The  95th  is  camped  to  the  west  of  us. 
They  have  been  to  the  front,  received  their  initiatior..  and  are  now 
full  of  experience.  .\  heavy  rain  fell,  accompanied  by  wind,  pros- 
trating man)-  of  our  tents.  .\  newsman  came  into  camp  to-day  and 
sold  some  papers  dated  several  days  ago.  I  lis  next  visit  will  be  one 
of  interest.  He  will  do  his  family  a  service  b\  taking  a  policy  on 
his  life. 

12.  A  scjuad  of  good-looking  prisoners  are  brought  in  and  placed 
in  the  i)rison  east  of  our  camp,  giving  us  our  first  sight  of  rebels. 

14.  This  is  the  Sabbath.  Sergeant  McC'rea  took  a  number  of  us 
to  the  Scioto  river,  and  as  cleanliness  is  akin  to  godliness,  we  did  the 
next  best  thing  to  worshiping  by  washing.  Captain  H.  Z.  Adams 
jtreached  in  camp  this  evening.  I  make  the  accjuaintance  of  Avery 
and  Rose,  of  (\)m]xxny  1 ).  The  Licking  county  men  are  men  of 
intelligence.  Drill  exercises  occupy  most  of  our  time.  We  expect 
our  clothing  soon.      Many  of  the  boys  are  writing  to  their  friends. 

rj.  \\'e  are  having  a  drill  before  breakfast,  and  are  looking  for  one 
at  midnight,  soon.  When  we  get  better  acquainted  with  our  duties 
we  shall  probably  perform  thein  more  cheert"ull\ . 


October,  '62.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  F.  I. 


18.  ( )ur  clothing  was  issued  to  us  to-day:  (Jiie  pair  pants,  one 
l)aii'  l)OOtees,  two  pair  drawers,  two  pair  socks,  one  ])louse,  two  shirts. 
Clothing  and  feediiig  a  great  arniv  must  be  a  heavv  expense  to  our 
government. 

2f.  This  is  the  Sabbath,  tlos  s  of  ("ompany  1 ),  accompanied  by 
some  ladies  of  Licking  county,  make  vis  a  call,  and  spend  an  hour 
pleasantly.  A  lady  in  camp  is  like  a  shade  in  the  desert.  If  we  had 
more  shade  of  this  kind  it  would  seem  more  pleasant. 

22.  The  washerwornan  presents  her  bill  of  five  cents.  'I'hese  ex- 
travagances must  be  stopped — I  must  do  m\  own  housework. 

2J.  Drew  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  pounds  of  bread  this 
morning  for  our  company.  Overcoats  were  issued  to  us.  With  these 
cool  iiights  an  overcoat  will  not  be  a  bad  thing  to  sleep  with. 

2j.  Captain  David  Taylor's  company  receive  a  number  of  visitors 
to-day.  A  good  dinner,  a  flag  presentation,  speeches  and  music,  and 
some  lady  visitors,   all    in   that  company,  make  us   a  little   envious. 

When  will  our  good  time  come?  Dress  parade  in  the  evening; 
these  w^w  clothes  do  look  well. 

28.  Sunday  has  come  again.  A  fevs-  of  us  take  to  the  woods. 
Some  write  to  friends.  Others  manage  to  go  to  the  city,  and  on  their 
return  are  nois\-  and  (]uarrelsome. 

2g.  We  received  to-day  our  arms — the  Enfield  rifle.  They  are 
rusty  and  \\\  bad  order.  Would  like  to  trade  mine  for  a  milk  cow  or 
a  hand  organ.  Swisher  returned  from  home,  bringing  some  delicacies 
for  our  palates.  Nothing  tastes  better  than  the  good  things  which 
mother  sends  us. 

Cartridge  boxes  and  waist  belts  were  issued  to  us  to-day.  We 
begin  to  look  like  soldiers.  1  can  shoulder  arms  as  well  as  a  full 
grown  man. 


OCTOBER,  1862. 

/.  We  have  grown  weary  of  the  monotonous  duties  of  camp  and 
are  anxious  for  adventure.  We  would  be  better  pleased  if  we  were 
in  Dixie. 

J.  I  have  been  ill  for  a  day  or  two.  The  nights  are  cool.  Many 
visitors  come  into  camp,  bringing  some  delicacy  for  friends.  These 
are  always  shared  by  all  in  the  mess  until  they  are  gone.  .A  friend 
with  feed  is  a  friend  indeed,  according  to  a  new  version. 

7.  This  has  been  a  day  for  clearing  up  and  putting  things  to  riglUs. 
Brooms,  shovels  and  other  implements  are  in  demand. 


Eviiy-ihiy  Si>/i/iri  -/.i/r  :  ](';iinit  /ancsvillc 


/j.  I'he  (lull  duties  of  ciimi*  continue  from  d;iy  to  flay,  but  we  are 
becoming  more  soldierly  every  day.  ()ur  desire  to  leave  (amp  (base 
grows  stronger  every  tla\.  Men  who  have  gone  home  on  a  sell- 
made  furlough  ha\e  retur.ied  and  are  faring  sumiJluously  in  the 
guard  house.      I'he  following  is  our  regimental  organization  : 

Colonel,  Jame>  A.  Wilcox;  Lieutenant  Colonel,  John  (1.  Miuhcll; 
Major,  Darius  l>.  Warner;   Adj;itant,  (has.  ('.  (!ox. 

Jj.  ()ur  sta\  at  Camp  Chase  ends  to-fiay,  and  we  are  marching  to 
Columbus.  \\  4  I*.  M.  we  board  a  train  of  cars  and  are  soon  run- 
ning toward  /anes\ille.  where  we  arrive  late  in  the  night.  We 
remain  in  the  cars  till  morning,  and  at  daylight  march  to  our  neu 
camp  some  distance  from  the  city.  It  had  been  snowing  through  the 
night,  and  snow  lay  on  the  ground  the  depth  of  three  inches.  \N'e 
had  prepared  a  day's  rations  before  striking  tents  yesterday  morning, 
but  that  was  gone  hours  before  we  left  the  train.  .\rriving  in  camp 
without  breakfast  is  a  serious  joke.  Some  swine,  which  had  strayed 
into  camp,  fell  victims  to  the  hungry  appetites  of  the  boys.  Don't 
know  who  is  to  pay  for  the  hogs,  but  the  butchers  went  to  the  guard 
house  with  heroic  stoicism. 

Camp  Zanesville  is  on  Licking  Creek  and  we  are  camped  two  hun- 
dred yards  from  the  bank.  The  situation  is  a  pleasant  one;  the 
scenery  is  delightful;  the  grand  old  hills  lift  their  summits  skyward 
and  the  silvery  Licking  winds  through  the  valley  like  a  thread  of 
silver.  Think  I  will  like  it  here;  hope  the  pie-women  will  sell  better 
pies  than  those  we  have  been  eating  at  our  former  camp. 

A  much  better  feeling  exists  among  the  enlisted  men  than  formerly; 
the  transition  from  citizen  to  soldier  progresses  satisfactorily,  and  the 
men  who  chafed  and  rebelled  at  the  rigorous  duties  and  careful  dis- 
cipline of  a  month  ago,  submit  to  the  same  now  with  a  cheerfulness 
which  augurs  future  good.  Colonel  \\'ilco.\  has  been  untiring  in  his 
efforts  to  fit  us  for  service,  and  in  some  cases  his  motives  have  been 
misunderstood  and  much  ill  feeling,  bordering  on  insubordination, 
has,  at  time^,  shown  itself.  Now  that  it  is  apparent  that  the  com- 
manding officer  has  been  doing  all  that  could  be  done  to  prepare  us 
to  enter  the  field,  clothed,  equipped,  and  properly  disciplined,  those 
who  busied  themselves  in  keeping  alive  a  feeling  oi  disobedience, 
have  grown  less  and  less  sour,  and  cheerful  obedience  on  the  part  of 
the  greater  numbers  gives  much  encouragement.  (^ur  quarters  here 
are  wooden  buildings,  large,  comfortable  and  well  ventilated.  The 
water  is  plentiful  and  of  good  quality. 


November,  '62.  |  Hi  story  of  t/ir  iijth  O.   t'.  /. 


NOVEMBER,   1862. 

/.  We  are  much  pleased  with  our  new  camp,  and  ha\e  madu 
many  agreeable  accjuaintances  in  city  and  country.  Nearly  every 
day  small  squads  of  men  are  passed  out  for  a  trip  into  the  country, 
and  on  their  return  they  give  favorable  accounts  of  the  manner  in 
which  they  have  been  treated  by  the  citizens.  'I'o-day  I  made  a  trip 
of  a  few  miles  out  among  the  hills,  accompanied  by  Captain  Bower- 
sock.  \Vc  found  plenty  of  chestnuts,  and  at  the  house  of  a  Mr. 
Burlingame  we  had  a  good  dinner.  We  shall  not  soon  forget  the 
kindness  of  the  people  in  the  vicinity  of  camp. 

J.  A  party  who  went  to  the  city  last  night  on  a  trip  for  pleasure 
failed  to  respond  to  the  roll-call  this  morning,  and  it  is  believed  they 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  patrol  force  and  are  now  in  the  city  jail. 
A  strong  guard  is  stationed  in  the  city  day  and  night,  with  orders  to 
arrest  and  imprison  all  enlisted  men  found  on  the  street  after  nine 
o'clock  in  the  evening.     The  order  is  vigorously  enforced. 

4.  Five  men  were  placed  in  the  dungeon  to-day  for  refusing  to 
muster;  they  say  they  will  rot  there  before  they  will  muster. 

5.  The  men  who  went  to  prison  to  rot  yesterday  were  mustered 
to-day  and  say  they  feel  better.  The  guard  house  is  an  uncomforta- 
ble place  to  sta) . 

6.  1  spent  to-day  as  provost  guard  in  the  city,  making  our  head- 
quarters at  the  city  jail.  At  night  after  my  first  two  hours'  duty  1 
retired  to  one  of  the  cells  in  the  jail  and  lay  down  to  rest.  Some 
one,  coming  into  the  jail  soon  after,  shut  the  cell  door  and  made  me 
a  prisoner  for  the  remainder  of  the  night.  1  am  not  used  to  being 
jailed. 

7.  I  was  liberated  at  eight  o'clock,  and  our  party,  lieing  relieved 
by  another,  returned  to  camp. 

^.  Sunday.  The  Sabbath  bring>  its  duties  as  do  other  days. 
General  inspection  took  place  in  the  morning,  and  our  arms  and 
accoutrements  had  to  be  put  in  order.  Captain  Riker  took  command 
of  a  squad  of  men  and  marched  to  the  country  for  recreation.  Some 
of  us  got  a  good  supper  with  a  countryman,  north  of  camp. 

/O.  M  ten  o'clock  this  morning  a  fire  broke  out  in  one  of  the 
wooden  buildings  occupied  as  quarters.  The  regiment  was  drilling 
at  the  west  end  of  camj),  and  before  we  could  reach  the  scene  of  the 
fire  it  was  beyond  control.  The  main  part  of  camp  was  destroyed, 
including  guns,  accoutrements,  and  the  personal  effects  of  many  of 
the  men.      The  cause   of    the    fire   cannot   be    ascertained,   but    the 


/\:t'r\-iiay  Soldifi    /.ij<  .  |(  ami*  /.ancsvillc 


drafted   men,  who  on  iipy  a   part  of  the  canii),  are  cliarjicd   with   it. 

ij.  We  lia\e  been  rebuildin-^  dur  ipiarters  and  are  again  |irett\ 
well  re-established.  The  losses  sustained  by  the  enlisted  men  ol 
>everal  of  the  c()nii)anies  prove  to  l)e  great.  Many  a  pack  of  cards, 
several  violins  and  some  other  outfits  of  amusement  will  have  to  be 
re|)la(  eil.  At  s(|uad  drill  this  afternoon  Lieutenant  C'olonel  Mit<hell. 
in  giving  me  some  instructions  in  warding  off  a  blow  aimed  at  the 
head,  lold  me  to  strike-  at  liim.  1  obeyed  literally,  bringing  my  Kn- 
lield  down  with  force,  while  he  placed  his  rifle  in  position  \.o  arrest  the 
blow.  Instead  of  the  gun  barrel,  his  finger  received  the  blow,  and  he 
retired  to  ([uarters  for  repairs.  1  regretted  this  very  much,  as  1  ought 
to  have  wrV/Vwr^/ instead  of  s/riki/ig.  Mrs.  Mitchell,  being  in  camp, 
gave  the  damaged  linger  of  her  husband  proper  attention.  .A  woman 
is  a  handy  piece  of  furniture,  even  in  camp. 

//.  The  weather  is  cool  and  bracing.  We  have  completed  our 
new  (juarters,  and,  as  the  tools  we  have  been  using  will  be  needed 
when  we  go  elsewhere,  they  were  carefull)  stowed  away  where  the 
most  diligent  search  will  not  bring  them  to  light.  This  theft  is 
charged  to  Company  A.  but  they  aver  thai  no  member  of  that  com- 
pan\-  was  ever  caught  stealing      The  tools  will  turn  up  in  due  time. 

2j.  One  day  has  succeeded  another  and  the  monotony  of  camp 
life  begins  to  be  somewhat  op[)ressive,  but  we  have  at  length  become 
so  soldierh  that  the  restraints  and  discipline  of  this  kind  of  a  life  do 
not  vex  us  as  formerly.  Have  made  the  accpiaintance  of  Captain 
Munson  ;  the  Captain  is  more  social  than  militar\  in  his  make-upi 
and  is  a  matchless  stor\-  teller.  His  yarns  are  always  pointed  and 
wittv.  We  came  here  with  only  seven  com[)anies;  the  eighth  com- 
l)any  is  being  recruited  and  will  be  commanded  b\'  Ca])tain  Sidlivant, 
who  is  a  very  young  man. 

2J.  This  is  Thanksgiving  Day.  Nearly  the  entire  command  went 
to  Zanesville.  A  few  worshijjped  at  the  churches,  others  feasted 
with  acquaintances,  others  filled  up  with  litpiid  hilarity.  The  con- 
duct of  the  average  soldier  on  the  march  returning  to  camp  in  the 
evening,  was  decidedly  untactical,  but  then  he  was  patriotic  and 
seemed  to  wish  that  the  Governor  wf)nld  make  a  thanksgiving  day  of 
ever\  Thursday.  Colonel  Wilcox  is  much  ])leased  at  our  good 
behavior  and  says  he  feels  ])roud  of   us. 


l)c(  LMubcr,  '62.J  History  oj  llic  I  JJlli  O.   /'.  /.  13 

DECEMBER,   1862. 

-  /.  The  measles  prevail  in  camp,  and  a  dozen  ur  more  have  been 
sent  to  the  hospital  with  that  disease.  Of  these  one  or  two  are 
having  the  disease  in  a  dangerous  form,  but  are  being  well  cared  tor 
by  the  surgeon,  assisted  by  an  efficient  corps  of  nurses.  Doctors 
Black  and  Harlow  are  men  of  acknowledged  medical  skill. 

13.  Have  been  enjoying  a  ten-day  furlough  at  home,  and  returning 
to  camp  this  evening  I  find  all  in  good  shape.  Those  who  had  the 
measles  have  nearly  all  recovered. 

14.  While  on  duty  as  guard  to-day  1  made  the  acquaintance  of 
Corporal  Mason,  Captain  Nichols  and  Captain  Wells.  These  are 
men  of  intelligence  and  good  social  ([ualities. 

/J.  We  saw  the  last  of  Camp  Zanesville  this  morning.  We  have 
spent  fifty  days  here,  some  of  them  ver\  pleasant  ones.  We 
marched  to  Zanesville  early  in  the  forenoon,  and  after  some  time 
spent  in  loading  aw  immense  amount  of  baggage,  we  took  the  cars  tor 
Camj)  Dennison,  i^assing  through  Newark,  Columbus.  West  Jefferson, 
London,  South  Charleston,  Xenia,  and  Loveland,  reaching  our  des- 
tination late  in  the  evening.       We  are  (puirtered  in  building  No.  27. 

While  at  Camp  Zanes\il!e  Comjjan)  H  was  recruited  and  addetl 
to  the  seven  companies  composing  the  command.  Our  object  in  com- 
ing to  Camp  Dennison  is  to  add  another  company,  (1)  making  nine 
companies  in  all. 

The  regiment  remained  at  ("amp  Dennison  thirteen  da\  s,  tluring 
which  time  no  important  event  occurred.  The  time  was  spent  in 
perfecting  the  men  in  a  knowledge  of  compiany  w\\(\  battalion  driiU 
and  such  other  duties  as  pertain  to  camp  life.  This  camp  seemetl  to 
be  much  less  attrai:ti\e  than  either  of  our  former  ones,  and  when  the 
order  to  lea\e  was  recei\  ed  there  was  general  rejoiiing.  'I'he  ninth 
companv,  which  was  added  to  us  during  our  >tay  at  this  camp.  wa> 
recruited  for  another  regiment,  the  109th  perhaps,  but  a>  that  organi- 
zaticju  was  ne\er  completed,  the  men  were  consolidatetl  with  the 
1 13th. 

Com[)an\  I  i^  c(;ini)osed  pi'iMci|).ill\  of  ( lcrman>,  and  was  recruited 
in  the  vicinit)  of  Dayton. 

28.  Sunda)'.  Early  this  morning  orders  were  recei\etl  to  mo\e. 
We  were  plac;ed  on  a  train  and  a  brief  run  of  little  o\er  an  hour 
found  u>  in  Cincinnati,  destined  for  l-ouisville,  Ky.  'l"he  people  ot 
C'incinnali  greeted  (jur  arri\al  with  some  demonstrations  of  patriot- 
ism, for,  though  it  was  Sunda\,  there  was  some  shouting,  throwing  t)f 
hats  and  waving  of  haiulkerchiefs. 


Evi-ry-ttax  Solifii-r  Li/c :  [Camp  Laura.  Ky 


1  Jiscmbarkiui;  from  tlic  <ar>  uc  man  lied  to  tlie  ri\cr,  boarded  tlu' 
steamer  "Superior,"  and  were  >oon  moving  d(ju  n  stream.  We  siil- 
fered  not  a  little  disconitbrt  h)  our  crowdeil  condition  on  the  boat, 
and  the  coniin(jn  soldier  noticed  that  the  commissioned  officers  fared 
better  than  himself.  'I'he  sixty  staterooms  of  the  boat  were  occupied 
principally  by  the  otiicers,  and  1  i)resume  the\  paid  e.\tra  for  them. 
Night  came  on  but  quite  a  number  of  the  soldiers  kept  awake  nearh 
all  night,  compelling  those  who  would  ha\  e  slept  to  share  their  wake- 
fulness. I  tried  to  sleep  on  the  upper  deck,  but  I  found  it  like  sleep- 
ing on  the  back  of  a  huge  turtle,  and  at  ten  o'clock  1  went  below  and 
tried  it  with  somewhat  belter  success.  .\t  _'  .\.  .\1.  C"a[jtain  Taylor 
woke  me  and  told  me  of  a  good  plac:e  in  the  engine  room,  io  which  I 
went  and  for  the  remainder  of  the  night  slept  well. 

2<y).  We  reached  Louisville  at  daylight.  At  8  .\.  M.  we  left  the 
boat,  and  marching  through  the  city  to  the  Nve>tern  suburbs,  the  regi- 
ment stacked  arms  on  a  vacant  lot  to  the  right  of  the  pike,  but  being 
without  tents  we  suffered  coiisiderabl)  from  the  piercing  wind. 
Tents  were  furnished  late  in  the  day.  .\  irio  of  strolling  musicians, 
father  and  two  daughters,  visited  our  camp,  birnisheri  some  good 
music,  took  up  a  fat  collection  and  deoarted. 

J/.  Lieutenant  IJowersock,  Sergeant  McCrea,  i)rivate>.  Gardner, 
Kock,  Fudge  and  Hallan.  arrive  in  camj)  from  home,  bringing  for 
several  of  us  man\  a  token  of  good-will  from  mother,  sister  and  7vi/t . 


I  .\  X  I   .\R\  .    I  S63. 

/.  At  ten  o'clock  la^l  nighl  the  camp  was  alarmed  by  a  hurried 
( ummaiid  to  fall  in  line  and  slancl  read)  to  march.  Nhich  confusion 
ensued,  but  coolness  at  length  followed,  and  we  were  standing  to  arms 
when  the  city  clock  struck  the  midnight  h(nir,  announcing  the  death 
of  the  old  year  and  the  birth  of  the  new .  We  were  at  length  sent  to 
quarters  with  instructions  to  hold  ourselves  in  readiness  to  move  at 
short  notice.  I  think  the  affair  was  created  to  train  us  to  put  on  our 
breeches  and  other  harness  in  the  night.      It  was  a  success. 

This  is  a  line  day.      We  had  general  inspection  at  10  A.  M. 

7.  This  camp  is  called  "Camp  Laura"  in  comi)liment  to  the  wife  of 
our  Lieutenant  Colonel.  Don't  know  that  Mrs.  Mitchell  will  be 
pleased  or  displeased  at  this  intended  civility.    Wornen  are  so  curious. 

An  order  was  received  this  afternoon  to  get  ready  to  march  imme- 
diatelv.       We  obeved,  but   the  order  was  countermanded,  and  after 


January, '63.1  History  of  tin-  1  ijtii  O.  I'.  /.  15 

the  rec[uisite  amount  of  raw  profanity  was  indulged  in,  the  men 
returned  to  quarters.  Soldiers  "as  they  run"  are  not  excessively 
pious.  The  arrival  ot  a  mail  from  Ohio  adds  to  make  the  sunshine 
of  the  day  more  genial  and  brigiit. 

5.  This  is  Monday.  1  know  this  In-  knowing  that  yesterday  was  a 
busy  day.  We  blacked  our  bootees,  washed,  scrubbed,  cleaned 
house,  and  if  the  weather  had  been  fine  we  would  have  gone  visiting 
We  bade  farewell  to  "Camp  Laura"  at  8.15  this  morning,  and  at  9.40 
our  train  moved  out  of  the  city  toward  Nashville,  a  southerly  direc- 
tion. Our  destination  is  "Big  Run  Trestle"  or  Muldraugh's  Hill. 
Crossed  Salt  River  at  Shepherdsville,  and  halting  at  Colesburg  the 
horses  of  the  regiment  were  unloaded,  after  which  the  train  movetl 
on  two  miles  further  to  our  destination.  During  the  unloading  of 
the  animals  I  found  a  chance  to  get  a  good  meal  at  a  house  near  the 
track,  and  while  eating  it  the  train  moved  on  without  me.  I  am 
fond  of  my  feed.  Coming  up  to  the  command  1  found  the  >ite  of 
our  future  cam])  had  been  chosen,  and  camping  preparations  were 
going  on.  James  L.  Edmiston  had  cared  for  my  effects  during  my 
absence,  but  he  was  a  little  disappointed  that  I  had  not  brought  him 
something  to  eat.  The  rest  of  the  day  was  spent  in  completing  our 
cam])  and  in  assisting  Quartermaster  Scarritt  to  unload  supplies  of 
various  kinds.  While  a  number  of  soldiers  were  thus  engaged  one  of 
them  lost  his  hold  on  a  barrel  of  sugar  and  it  rolled  down  a  steep 
hill,  bursting  as  it  went.  Scarritt  indulged  in  a  few  expletives;  the 
rest  of  us  indulged  in  the  sugar. 

6.  Previous  to  our  coming  here  the  place  was  held  by  a  regiment 
of  Illinois  troo])s.  These  were  caj^tured  a  i'<i\y  days  ago  by  John 
Morgan's  command,  who,  after  burning  luu  large  trestles  of  the  rail- 
road track,  moved  on  and  left  the  place  unoccupied.  .\  force  of 
mechanics  will  be  put  to  work  at  once  repairing  the  road,  and  our 
business  is  to  see  that  they  are  i.ot  molested.  'I'his  road  i^  an  im- 
portant link  in  the  great  chain  of  supplies  that  must  sustain  our 
armies  further  south. 

The  country  hereabouts  is  wild,  rocky,  and  rough  to  a  degree  that 
is  indescribable,  and  suggests  the  idea  that  the  (ireat  .\rchite«  t 
finished  his  work  here  by  the  consolidation  of  scraps  and  fragments. 
The  people  seem  to  be  the  |)oorest  of  the  poor,  rude  and  illiterate. 
We  have  a  better  idea  now  of  the  meaning  of  the  term,  "  i>oor  while 
trash,  '  than  ever  before. 

p.   A   part  of  the   regiment    was   sent   to-da\    to  the   upi)er  trestle. 


\G  I'r.Yiy-ihiy  S«l,/i,r  l.i/r  :         |  M  iildrMUgli's  Hill 


where  they  will  (amp  and  remain.  Last  evening  we  had  dress 
l)arade, — the  first  sinee  leaving  C'amii  I  )ennison.  We  call  this 
"Canii)  I,U(\."  It  mav  be  that  Colonel  Wilcox  has  a  grudge  against 
soiiK-  lUickcxe  l.ui  \  and  wants  to  avenge  himself  in  this  way.  This 
is  in  llartlin  ( "ounty,  thirty-six  miles  southwest  of  Louisville. 

/().  Major  \Varner  returned  from  I  .ouisville.  bringing  a  mail,  the 
first  we  have  had  for  se\eral  days. 

//.  It  has  been  raining  for  se\eral  da\s  and  the  gorges  of  these 
hills  are  on  a  high. 

T2.  Captain  Tavlor  with  IwenlN-fne  men  was  sent  out  to 
strengthen  our  pickets,  there  being  runiofN  of  an  attack  by  the  enem\ . 

/J.  Snow  began  to  fall  last  night  and  has  continued  all  day  and 
now  is  about  thirtv  inches  deep.  .\s  the  soldiers  wade  about  doing 
picket  and  other  oul-of-camp  dniies  the  snow  runs  into  the  pockets  of 
the  shortest  of  them.  Sexeral  hcjgs,  whicii  took  ret"u^e  in  a  log  house 
in  the  valley,  met  a  fate  somewhat  similar  though  more  fatal  than 
befell  the  man  who  journeyed  between  Jerusalem  and  Jericho. 
Swine  cannot  be  too  cautious  in  coming  into  a  cam|)  like  this.  This 
deep  snow  ma\  possibl\-  h:i\e  provoked  thi^  deed  of  blood  and 
tenderloins. 

I.ast  night  I  stood  picket  in  a  dark  glnoni)  section  of  country  a 
mile  from  camp.  James  S.  I'orts  of  Com[)an\-  D  was  one  of  ni\ 
partners.  Before  night  came  on  we  cut  aii  old  dry  stub  of  a  tree, set 
tire  to  it  and  burned  it  to  co;ds;  this  melted  the  snow  and  dried  the 
ground.  Sjireading  our  bedding  on  the  warm.dr)'  ground,  we  slept 
comtbrtablv,  otherwise  we  must  have  suffered.  N'ears  ago  while 
camping  in  northern  ( )liio.  1  had  learned  this  of  my  father,  who  is  a 
practical  hunter.  .\  s([uad  was  sent  out  some  distance  to-day  tor  a 
load  of  straw.  They  report  that  the\'  saw  a — school  lioiisc.  Now, 
what  use  woukl  a  school-house  l)e  in  this  hind,  1  would  like  to  know? 

iS.   A  member  of  Company  1    trc.v.e  to  death  last  night. 

20.  Continued  exposure  in  this  ini.lement  weather  has  resulted  in 
much  sickness,  and  during  the  jjast  few  days  two  deaths  have  occur- 
red in  (!ompany  .\.  namely,  James  S.  Harvev  and  Ceorge  T.  Reno. 
Their  homes  are  at  I-ondon,  Ohio. 

22.  \  scpiad  of  half  a  dozen  men  \isited  Colesburg  last  night, 
l)ent  on  ad\enture.  Finding  the  door  of  a  freight  car  ajar,  one  of 
them  entered  to  e.xplore,  while  the  others  awaited  orders  on  the  out- 
side. The  car  contained  sutler's  supplies,  destined  for  Nashville  and 
the  front.  A  barrel  of  luscious  apples  and  a  monster  cheese  escaped 
from  the  car,  and  were  carried  by  the  hungry  outsiders  to  a   safe  dis- 


January, '63. j  History  oj  tlif  i ijlli  O.   W  J.  17 

tance  from  the  track,  and  in  the  direction  of  camp.  Here  a  halt  was 
ordered,  the  head  of  the  barrel  was  knocked  in  and  the  cheese  was 
cut  into  pieces  suitable  to  be  handled.  Each  of  the  party  then  took 
off  his  drawers,  and  b)-  tying  the  ankles  in  a  knot  prepared  them  to 
receive  the  booty.  The  ajiples  and  cheese  were  then  distributed  and 
the  jjarty,  groaning  under  their  load,  trudged  toward  camp.  The 
supplies  were  secreted  among  the  rocks  in  the  vicinity  of  camp, 
and — well,  there  are  tales  that  must  not  be  told  out  of  school. 

We  were  first  camped  in  the  valley  and  near  the  creek,  but  some 
days  ago  we  climbed  to  the  summit  of  the  ridge  on  the  north  and 
pitched  our  tents  overlooking  the  valley.  Some  earth-works  of  a 
simple  character  constructed  of  dirt  and  gum  logs  have  been  built 
under  the  management  of  Colonel  Wilcox,  but  the  disposition  of  the 
men  to  shirk  duty  under  \arious  pretenses  makes  the  working  force 
very  weak.  A  soldier  will  dare,  do  and  suffer,  but  will  not  work.  Nearly 
every  able-bodied  man  in  camp,  including  some  of  the  officers,  has 
been  ac(|uiring  a  geographical  knowledge  of  the  country  by  scouting 
by  day  and  planning  new  adventures  by  night,  but  if  there  is  a  sus- 
picion that  he  is  to  be  on  duty  to-morrow,  he  answers  the  sick  call, 
and  by  some  strategy  gets  excused. 

Now  and  then  the  missionary  spirit  shows  itself.  Corporal  S.,  who 
is  m\  messnuite,  and  somewhat  accustomed  to  deeds  of  piety  at 
home,  lias  an  api>ointment  to  preach  at  a  cxibin  in  the  country  next 
Sabbath.  If  we  move  before  then  there  will  be  a  mutual  disappoint- 
ment;  the  natives  will  miss  hearing  a  good  sermon,  and  the  Corporal 
will  miss  a  good  country  dinner. 

Captain  Taylor's  company  (1>)  went  out  to  Rolling  Fork  to  du  duty 
for  a  few  days.     They  relie\ecl  part  of  the  50th  ().  \'.  I. 

24.  Milt.  Doak  and  Rdmiston  conspired  to  rob  a  woman  oi  her 
last  rooster,  to-da\,  and  proceeded  in  this  manner:  Milt,  entered 
the  cabin  in  feignetl  agony  over  a  pair  of  frozen  ears;  the  heart  of 
the  old  lady  was  touched,  and  her  sympathy  went  out  toward  the 
suffering  bo) .  Kdmiston,  finding  her  attention  taken  up,  as  he  de- 
sired it  should  be,  scouted  on  the  premises,  and  finding  a  solitar)- 
rooster  on  the  (orner  of  the  house,  tarried  it  off  triumphantly.  Doak 
thawed  out  proenti)  and  started  ui  pursuit,  followed  by  the  irate 
woman,  who  had  now  seen  the  trirk.  'I"he  l)oys  were  not  overtaken. 
The  fowl  made  a  savory  mess,  for  1  shared  in  eating  it,  on  the 
promise  that  an  account  of  the  affair  should  never  go  into  print.  I 
have  kept  mv  i)romise. 


i8  Evcry-Uay  SuUicr  Life :  [Down  ihc  Ohio 

26.  Work  on  our  defenses  progresses  slowly,  partly  because  of  bad 
weather,  anil  partl\  because  of  loo  weak  a  force.  Some  of  our  men 
have  spent  the  day  rabl)it  lumiing.  but  found  no  game.  They  brought 
in  a  fine  lot  of  "  Kciitu*  k\  iwisi."  Tobaico  will  be  tobacco  before 
the  war  ends. 

27.  Orders  were  rc<eivetl  liiis  forenoon  to  prepare  to  move,  an 
order  that  all  seemed  willing  to  obex,  antl  the  work  of  preparation 
began  at  once.  Wc  had  an  immense  aniounl  of  baggage  of  various 
kinds,  and  its  preparation  for  shijiment  occu[)ied  several  hours,  so 
that  dark  was  upon  us  before  we  left  Colesburg,  bound  for  Louisville. 
Our  train  was  overloaded  and  made  little  progress,  so  that  the  entire 
night  was  consumed  in  the  trip  of  thirty-six  miles. 

28.  We  disembarked  at  daybreak,  and  by  noon  had  our  tent> 
pitched  and  awaiting  orders.  At  3  F.  M.  we  marched  to  Portland, 
three  miles  below  the  city,  where  we  boarded  the  steamer  St.  Patrick, 
occupying  all  her  capacity  and  crowding  us  tpiite  uncomfortabh . 

First  Lieutenant  Samuel  A.  Hughes  resigned,  as  has  also  Captain 
H.  Z.  Adams,  Company  Ci. 

JO.  We  continue  to  remain  anchoretl  at  the  wharf.  Several  men 
deserted  to-dav.  Hardly  a  company  but  lost  some  men  in  this  way. 
Here  we  received  pay  to  December  31st,  1862.  Most  of  the  men 
needed  their  pay  badly.  Lying  at  this  wharf  is  a  large  fleet  of 
steamers  loaded  with  soldiers. 


FEBRUARY,    1863. 

/.  This  is  Sunday.  At  4:20  I'.  M.  our  boat  left  the  wharf  and  pro- 
ceeded down  the  Ohio.  Being  a  fast  boat  we  make  good  time,  and 
before  night  set  in  we  had  passed  a  number  of  other  boats  going 
down,  all  crowded  with  men  in  blue,  all  going  we  knew  not  where. 

2.  About  noon  we  reached  Evansville,  Indiana,  where  we  remained 
an  hour,  then  pursuing  our  downward  way  arrived  at  Smithland,  the 
mouth  of  the  Cumbedand  river.  Here  we  took  on  a  cpiantity  of  coal. 
Black  hats  were  issued  to  us.  A  lottery  was  one  of  the  incidents  of 
the  trip,  and  it  came  near  resulting  in  some  vacancies  among  the 
commissioned  officers. 

J.  We  left  Smithland  at  1 1  A.  M.,  and  steered  ui)  the  Cumljerland, 
having  Nashville  for  our  destination.  The  weather  being  agreeably 
fine,  the  men  sought  the  sunshine,  and  resting  on  the  guards  of  the 
boat,  admired  the  scenery  of  the  country  through  which  ue  traveled. 


February, '63.  j  History  0/ the  i ijtii  O.  V.  I.  I9 

The  St.  Patrick  passed  a  number  of  boats  on  the  way,  and  the  ban- 
tering and  cheering  of  the  men  from  one  boat  to  the  other  was  very 
exciting. 

After  night  set  in,  comrades  Avery,  Rose  and  Cressey,  of  Com- 
pany 1),  and  Asa  Kite  and  myself,  made  the  banks  of  the  Cumberland 
echo  with  the  \oice  of  song.  'I'hose  1)  boys  run  to  music  Uke  ducks 
to  water.  At  eight  o'clock  a  light  in  the  river  ahead  of  us  created  a 
sensation.  It  drifted  nearer  and  nearer  to  our  boat,  and  at  length 
floated  past,  proving  to  be  a  burning  barge  which  had  been  loaded 
with  hay  and  other  army  supplies,  and  which  had  been  tired  and  set 
afloat  to  destroy  our  fleet  of  boats. 

4.  We  find  our  boat  anchored  on  the  north  bank  at  a  place  called 
Donelsonville,  which  is  on  the  opposite  shore.  A  Ijattle  occurred 
here  yesterday,  the  Confederates  being  defeated  and  driven  from  the 
field,  leaving  their  dead  and  wounded.  A  number  of  boats  besides 
our  own  are  anchored  here,  all  loaded  with  troops.  The  names  of 
these  boats  are:  James  Thomi)son,  Crescent  City,  St.  Patrick, 
Lady  Franklin,  Victress,  Victor  No.  2,  Horizon,  Wild  Cat,  St.  Cloud, 
Liberty  No.  2,  Jacob  Strader,  Thomas  PatUn,  Allen  Collier,  Silver 
Lake,  Clara  Poe,  Champion,  James  Johnston,  Bostonia,  Nashville, 
Robert  R.  Hamilton,  Duke,  Express,  Leslie  Combs,  B.  C.  Levi,  Dia- 
mond, Odd  Fellow,  Venango,  John  H.  (iroesbeck.  Cottage,  Charley 
.Miller  ar.d  Hornet,  besides  six  gunboats.  Squads  of  our  men  have 
rowed  over  to  the  battlefield  to  satisfy  their  desire  to  see  how  it  looks. 
Fifteen  of  us  in  a  yawl  made  the  attempt  to  cross,  but  a  passing 
steamer  came  near  running  over  our  little  craft,  and  to  save  ourselves 
we  drifted  toward  the  north  shore  and  against  a  loaded  barge,  upon 
which  we  jumped  and  were  saved  from  what  seemed  to  me  a  watery 
grave. 

During  the  afternoon  the  regiment  left  the  steamer  and  spent  two 
hours  on  land,  drilling,  during  which  time  the  boat  was  scrubbed  and 
cleaned  up,  after  which  we  again  went  on  board.  At  five  o'clock 
this  evening  a  brisk  snow  fell. 

During  the  past  day  or  two  we  made  the  acciuaintance  of  Mr.  Gray- 
back.  He  is  a  lively,  ticklish  creature,  and  as  a  multii)lier  has  no 
equal. 

5.  Conqjanies  E  and  Care  on  duty  to-day,  occupying  the  upper 
deck.  The  snow  is  several  inches  deep,  and  continues  falling.  Dover 
and  Donaldson ville  are  on  opposite  sides  of  the  river,  where  our 
fleet  is  at  anchor.  'I"he  St.  Patrick  is  at  the  Dover  side.  Now  the 
Odd  Fellow  is  being  lashed  to  us  on  the  right  side,  11:15  A.  M.     We 


20  F.rri  v-J,iy  S(i/,/i< /    f.i/,  .-     [  T  ].  tin.-  ( 'iiiiil)crl.iii(l 

arc  now  steaming  up  the  C'linibcrland ;  the  l)oats  are  moving  two 
abreast,  and  the  sight  is  one  of  the  grandest  the  eye  ever  lielield. 
'I'he  i)ih)ts  of  the  Ncveral  l)oats  are  jjnjtected  l)y  a  shield  made  of 
heavy  boiler  iron.  The  following  commands  are  rei>resented  in  this 
fleet:  Seventy-eighth  111.  V.  I.,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  O. 
V.  I.,  Ninety-second  ().  \'.  1., 'I'hirty-sixth  ().  \'.  I.,  <  )ne  Hundred 
and  Twenty-fourth  O.  \'.  I.,  Kighty-ninth  ().  \'.  !.,  I'ileventh  O.  \'. 
1.,  Ninety-eighth  (  ).  \  .  1..  One  Hundred  and  'I'wcnty-tirst  (J.  \'.  I.. 
Ninth  111.  Batter)',  Seventh  O  \'.  I.,  Kighty-second  O.  V.  I.,  I'hird 
Ky.   Battery,  and  the  One   Hundred  and  Thirteenth  ( ).  \'.  1. 

Asa  Kite  and  I  found  and  occupied  a  nook  behind  the  wheel-house 
of  the  boat  when  we  first  went  aboard.  We  have  traveled  with  com- 
fort with  plenty  of  room  and  fresh  air.  The  men  in  other  parts  of 
the  boat  have  suffered  on  account  of  their  crowded  condition. 

7.  We  have  been  moving  steadily  uj)  stream  without  accident  or 
notable  incident.  We  passed  Clarksville  in  the  night,  besides  towns 
and  villages,  the  names  of  which  I  could  not  learn.  At  five  o'clock 
this  afternoon  the  city  of  Nashville  appeared  in  view,  and  our  jour- 
ney down  the  Ohio  and  u[)  the  Cumberland  is  at  an  end. 

8.  B\-  a  little  figuring  we  ascertain  that  this  is  Sunday,  but  wc  are 
not  to  go  ashore  until  to-movrow.  This  is  a  disappointment.  We 
have  been  huddled  together  without  conveniences  for  cooking,  eating 
or  sleeping  since  the  twenty-eighth  of  la>t  month,  and  much  sickness 
and  suffering  has  ensued.  1  i)redict  that  when  our  term  of  service 
ends  it  can  be  said  that  our  stay  at  Muldraugh's  Hill  and  our  trip  on 
the  St.  Patrick  resulted  in  more  deaths  than  our  severest  battle.  If 
I  had  had  my  own  wav  we  would  have  marched  across  the  State  ot 
Kentucky  from  Muldrough,  and  it  would  have  been  a  trip  of  pleasure 
compared  to  what  our  imprisonment  on  the  St.  Patrick  has  been. 
But  then  we  would  have  missed  getting  these  black  hats.  A  mem- 
ber of  Comi)any  I-',  figuring  for  a  discharge,  shot  off  a  finger.  He 
ought  to  be  yoked  with  Baldwin  of  Company  K. 

g.  Leaving  the  boat  at  nine  o'clock  this  morning  the  regiment 
marched  through  tlie  cil)  (^f  Nashville  and  camped  four  miles  to  the 
south,  on  the  right  hand  of  the  pike.  The  location  is  a  good  one 
and  the  surrounding  country  presents  a  good  api)earanc:e,  but  shows 
many  signs  of  the  ravages  of  hostile  armies. 

fO.  It  rained  during  last  night  and  rendered  us  very  uncomforta- 
ble. K.  Cardner  and  (leorge  Conard,  of  Mess  3,  are  sick.  I  found 
a  sutler  of  another  regiment  and  bought  a  mutton  ham  for  a  dollar, 
a  pound  o^i  cheese  for  fit'ty   cents,  and  a   pound  of    butter  for    forty 


Kebriuu-) , '63,J  History  of  the  i rjt/i  O.  I'.  J.  21 

cents.  Corporal  (lillispie,  of  (Company  I),  died  at  Nashville  to-day. 
The  78th  111.  \\  I.  camped  east  of  vis. 

//.  This  is  washda)'  with  us.  It  has  not  l)een  washday  till  now 
since  we  left  Portland.  Washday  is  a  melancholy  day  for — ii;ray- 
haclcs ;  they  are  apt  to  get  soap  in  their  eyes. 

12.  Struck  tents  at  sunrise  and  moved  in  a  soutlierly  direction, 
reaching  Franklin,  distance  fourteen  miles,  late  in  the  afternoon. 
Passed  fine  houses  and  well-improved  farms  on  the  way.  Many  of 
our  men  fell  out  of  the  march  in  the  first  five  miles.  Many  articles 
of  clothing  and  other  heavy  baggage  were  abandoned  by  the  weary 
ones  who  lacked  the  muscle  to  carry  all  they  had  packed.  Being  in 
fine  bodily  health  I  stood  the  march  well,  and  was  with  a  few  of  my 
company  who  halted  and  stacked  arms  at  the  end  of  the  march.  Our 
forces  vacated  this  post  early  this  morning.  A  scouting  party  of  rebel 
cavalry  had  dashed  in  during  the  day  but  fled  at  our  approach. 
General  Gilbert,  who  has  command  of  our  forces,  directed  a  few  shots 
after  them  upon  our  arrival,  and  I  presume  he  scared  them  some. 
Our  force  consists  of  the  113th,  121st,  98th,  125th  Ohio,  and  the  78th 
Illinois  regiments  of  infantry,  besides  a  battery.  Franklin  is  on  the 
railroad  leading  from  Nashville  to  Decatur,  Alabama.  Our  exhausted 
comrades  kept  arriving  till  after  dark,  and  I  think  they  all  came  in 
safely  at  last. 

/J.  Our  regiment,  taking  ten  teams,  went  to  the  northwest  of 
camp  for  forage.  We  took  five  loads  of  corn  from  each  of  two 
planters,  three  miles  out.  Saw  numbers  of  slaves;  this  is  nearly  the 
first  we  have  seen  of  the  i)eculiar  institution.  There  is  nothing 
attractive  in  it  for  me. 

14.  Rain.  Moved  cam])  half  a  mile  eastward.  Have  a  bad  eye, 
but  many  a  man  in  camp  is  worse  off.  Asa  Kite  and  I  went  to  a 
farm  house  near  camjj  and  procured  some  clover  hay  for  our  bed. 
Took  Edmiston  to  the  hospital  after  dark.  Last  night  the  crowing  of 
a  cock  was  heard  some  distance  from  camp,  and  to-night  an  expedi- 
tion has  gone  out  to  reconnoiter  and  bring  in  the  offender.  Have 
not  tasted  chicken  since  we  left  Muldraugh's  Hill.  S.  E.  Bailey 
scouted  into  the  country  recently  for  something  to  eat.  He  came  to 
the  house  of  a  Tennesseean  and  asked  him  what  he  could  sell  a  sol- 
dier. The  man  brought  out  a  sack  of  dried  apples  and  offered  to 
sell  them.  Bailey  showed  a  silver  watch  and  told  the  citizen  that  he 
would  trade  him  that  for  the  apples,  but  that  he  must  have  some 
money  to  boot.  The  citizen  offered  Bailey  $50  and  the  apples  for  his 
watch.     The  offer  was  at   length   accepted,  the  \outh    expecting  to 


/'.';v7  r-,/(M'  Sdliiiii    l.i/t  :  \  l''r;inkliii,  TL-nn. 


receive  ".-.crc-.h  moiic\  in  llic  trade.  VV  liat  was  Ins  surpriM-  u  lien 
the  old  fellow  counted  out  the  greenbacks  and  handed  tlieni  to 
iJailey,  lelliiig  him  that  i,in<()ln  nione\  was  ol'  no  \,due  to  him  Tlu- 
old  watch  was  worth  about  eight  dollars. 

/J.  The  Sabbath  has  come  again,  and  with  it  a  knapsac  k  drill 
before  daylight.  It  will  take  considerable  i)iety  for  the  rest  of  the 
day  to  make  a  good  average,  on  account  of  the  spontaneous  profanity 
of  the  morning  drill.  After  breakfast  we  have  inspection,  then  the 
camp  is  to  be  swe)Jt  and  our  ipiarters  properly  arnmged.  \'isited 
Kdmiston  in  the  camp  hospital. 

i6.  From  5:30  to  6:30  A.  M.  is  occupied  iii  drilling.  'I'his  compels 
early  rising  and  gives  an  appetite  for  breakfast.  We  have  i)lenty  to 
eat  and  enough  to  do  to  keep  our  l)lood  in  good  circulation. 

//.  Company  K  went  on  duty  as  outside  pii;kets.  The  day  was 
rather  agreeable,  but  it  rained  almost  uninterruptedly  during  the 
night.  Stationed  on  the  post  next  to  me  was  Doak.  In  the  silent 
midnight  hour  he  fancied  he  heard  the  measured  step  of  some  one 
approaching  him.  1  heard  the  click  of  the  hammer  of  his  musket 
and  his  command  to  halt.  The  command  was  repeated,  and  then 
the  report  of  his  musket  sounded  through  the  woods.  In  the  silence 
which  followed  the  same  measured  step  was  again  heard.  His  fancy 
had  pictured  an  approaching  foe,  but  it  was  only  the  large  drops  of 
rain  falling  from  the  tree  above  his  head  to  the  leaves  on  the  ground 
near  his  feet. 

20.  John  A.  Wygant,  Comjiany  C,  died  last  night.  The  regiment 
prepared  another  camping  ground  a  short  distance  west,  and  occu- 
pied it  in  the  afternoon.  Albert  Hodge  died  at  Nashville.  1'his  is 
the  first  death  in  Company  B. 

22.  Had  comjiany  inspection,  and  judging  by  the  amount  of  e.\tra 
work  going  on  it  must  be  Sunday.  It  is  Washington's  birthday. 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Mitchell  read  an  order  of  Ceneral  Rosecrans 
touching  the  anniversary.  A  salute  was  fired  at  sunset.  Washing- 
ton was  a  greater  man  than  General  (lilbert. 

23.  Weather  is  cool  and  the  ground  freezes  some  of  nights.  'I'he 
regiment  went  foraging  north  of  camp,  and  at  the  farm  of  one  Carter 
procured  more  than  forty  loads  of  corn.  Carter  is  an  officer  in  the 
C.  S.  A.  On  our  way  to  cam])  I  scouted  under  a  hint  from  Lieuten- 
ant Bovversock,  and  brought  in  three  hams  and  some  onions.  Have 
enjoyed  the  trip  very  much. 

25.  The  Pioneer  Brigade  was  organized  to-day.  Two  men  were 
detailed  from  each  company  (eighteen  in  all)  and   reported  for  that 


March,  '63,]  tlistoiy  0/  ihc  iijtii  O.   I'.  J.  23 

purpose.      A  destructive  raid  was  made  on  the  sutler.     A  sutler  is  a 
necessary  nuisance. 

28.  We  were  called  to  arms  between  one  and  two  o'clock  this  morn- 
ing, and  stood  to  arms  nearly  an  hour,  it  having  been  reported  that 
our  |)ickets  had  been  fired  ujjon.  'I'he  bugle  at  last  sounded  us  to 
cjuarters. 


MARCH,    I  8  6  3. 

2.  The  regiment  went  foraging  again  to-day.  We  loaded  some  of 
our  wagons  with  corn  belonging  to  a  man  whose  son  is  in  the  rebel 
army.  1  took  advantage  of  being  a  guard  at  the  house,  and  possessed 
myself  of  a  quantity  of  onions  and  turnips.  1  am  opposed  to  van- 
dalism, but  I  am  fond  of  vegetables.  Further  on  we  relieved  Blake 
Crothers  of  a  large  lot  of  corn,  and  most  of  the  other  provisions 
with  which  his  ample  buildings  were  stocked.  We  got  ninety-six 
wagon  loads  in  all.  Dever  Kauffman,  of  Company  F,  died  this 
morning. 

3.  The  Pioneers  went  to  the  country  and  worked  at  making/ii-jv/V/ry. 
Bought  a  Tennessee  turkey  to-day  for  a  two-dollar  bill,  Michigan 
money. 

4.  A  brisk  snow  fell  this  morning.  A  skirmish  with  the  enemv 
took  place  south  of  Franklin.  The  re|)ort  of  artiller\-  could  be  heard 
in  camp. 

5.  The  noise  of  a  battle  in  the  direction  of  S])ringhill  was  heard 
during  the  forenoon.  At  2  P.  M.  we  marched  in  that  direction. 
Crossing  the  Harpeth,  we  marched  through  the  village  of  Franklin 
and  two  miles  beyond,  where  we  halted  for  two  hours.  The  trooi)s 
who  had  been  engaged  during  the  day,  having  been  overpowered  by 
Van  Dorn's  army,  came  back  in  full  retreat,  having  suffered  a  heavy 
loss.  Colonel  Coburii,  1  think,  had  command  of  the  defeated  forces, 
(xreat  indignation  is  expressed  bee  a  use  our  force  was  not  sent  to  his 
assistance. 

A  large  number  of  troo[)s  are  now  camped  here.  Corporals  H.  H. 
Walburn  and  Win.  H.  Protsman,  both  of  Company  K.  died  to-dav 
at  Nashville. 

7.  Breakfasted  on  beef  soup,  crackers  and  coffee.  Rain  fell  nearlv 
all  last  night. 

g.  We  marched  in  the  direction  of  Springhill.  Camped  for  the 
night  in   a   pasture  a  mile  south  of  town.     ()ur   advance   skirmisheil 


24  F.ii I y-iia\'  Soldii-r  l.iji  :  |  !•  r;iMkliii, 'I'cnn. 


with  the  eiuMin  dtirinjr  the  rinv  with  iincertnin  restills.  Slept  with- 
out tents. 

lO.  At  three  o'clock  tliis  morninji  ;i  he;i\  v  i;iin  tVll.  We  j^ot  up 
and  sliirked  as  l)est  we  could  till  after  davhreak,  when  it  partially 
cleared  up.  We  marched  at  ii  .\.  M.,  leaving  our  dinners  cooking 
in  the  pot.  After  going  five  miles  we  (  amped  in  the  woods  on  the 
left.  Rain  fell  nearly  all  the  afternoon,  and  at  interxals  through  the 
night. 

//.  We  remained  in  camp.  Our  troops  took  what  they  wanted 
and  more  than  we  needed  from  citizens  in  the  \icinity.  I  went  to 
the  house  of  Washington  Miller  and  bought  a  bushel  of  flried  apple> 
I'or  $1.50,  confederate  money. 

This  man  has  two  sons  in  the  rebel  arm\ .  The  soldiers  broke  open 
his  meat  house  and  carried  off  his  meat,  valued  at  $500.  While  1 
was  looking  on,  1  heard  him  tell  his  colored  chattels  to  gt)  and  help 
themselves  to  what  meat  the\  could  get,  or  they  would  starve.  We 
stayed  where  we  had  speiU  ihc  previous  night. 

12.  We  returned  to  Franklin,  eighteen  miles,  by  4  V.  M.  Some 
of  the  men  gave  out  and  many  suffered  with  sore  feel. 

14.  Some  of  the  men  received  by  exjjress  boxes  of  delicacies  and 
articles  of  comfort  and  convenience  from  home.  Home  is  a  better 
place  than  this. 

15.  The  Sal)bath.  Visited  some  friends  in  the  hospital  and  wrote 
for  some  who  are  too  ill  to  write. 

//.  Captain  William  C".  Peck,  of  Conipan\-  C,  and  ("aptain  Nathan 
Strauss,  Company  I,  have  resigned. 

18.  A  prayer  meeting  is  held  of  an  evening  near  the  spring;  the 
exercises  are  full  of  interest.  It  takes  one's  thoughts  home,  and  recalls 
the  peaceful  scenes  of  long  ago. 

20.  This  place,  is  being  strongly  fortified,  and  for  that  purpose 
hea\y  details  for  fatigue  duty  are  being  dail\-  made.  The  pioneers 
are  busy  making  and  hauling  yi^iV/V/^i'  and  ;^(ib/oii\  which  are  placed 
in  the  walls  of  the  works  in  course  of  construction. 

22.  Saw  a  prominent  field  officer  in  the  seclusion  of  the  brush  of 
a  fallen  tree,  busy  on  a  /ii/nt  this  forenoon,  (iraybacks  are  no 
respecter  of  persons,  and  are  ecpially  disrespectful  to  officer  and 
soldier.      In  this  they  differ  from  the  (Government  we  are  serving. 

2§.  A  rebel  force  raided  our  rear  near  Brentwood,  in  the  direction 
of  Nashville,  to-day,  and  destroyed  the  railroad  for  some  distance. 
This  will  check  our  supjjlv  of  mail  and   bread.      We  were  calK-tl  into 


April,  '63. J  History  oj  the  irjllt  O.   I  .  J. 


line  late  in  ihc  c\ciiiiig,  expecting  to  nianh  toward  Nasluillc,  hut 
did  not. 

28  Am  not  well.  The  train  arrived  from  Nashville  at  4  V.  M., 
bringing  the  first  mail  for  nearly  a  week.  Its  arrival  was  greeted 
with  deafening  cheers.  John  Southard  and  I  scouted  south  of  camp, 
found  and  dug  some  potatoes,  hut  the\-  had  been  too  badlv  frozen  to 
be  good. 

JO.  The  ii3lh  went  on  ))icket  beyond  the  town  and  across  the 
Hari)eth. 


A  V  R  I  L,    1863. 

/.  Companies  F  and  E  were  inspected  by  Captain  Stacy.  The 
l)ioneers  have  been  permanently  detached  from  their  respective  com- 
panies and  regiments,  and  to-day  took  up  ([uarters  west  of  the  rail- 
road at  an  old  building. 

5.  The  regiment  received  two  month's  pay  to-day.  Twenty-six 
dollars  is  quite  a  pile  if  one  can  keep  beyond  the  reach  of  the  sutler. 

10.  The  monotony  of  cam|)  life  was  broken  to-day  by  a  daring 
attack  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  and  a  battery  of  artillery.  He  dashed 
into  town  on  the  gallop,  shouting  and  firing  on  a  small  force  of  our  men 
on  that  side  of  the  river.  These  stood  their  ground  and  unhorsed  a  fair 
share  of  all  who  came  within  range.  It  was  all  over,  and  the  attack- 
ing party  had  fled  in  a  few  minutes,  leaving  evidences  of  his  defeat 
behind  him  in  the  shape  of  his  dead  and  wounded,  and  several  fine 
horses.  My  friend  Hanawalt,  of  Com])any  CI,  is  sick  in  the  field 
hospital. 

11.  Arthur  Wharton,  Comj)any  B,  died  in  the  regimental  hospital 
to-day.  His  body  was  sent  to  the  home  of  his  family  at  Hebron, 
Licking  county,  Ohio. 

I  J.  The  following  s])ecial  order  has  been  issued  by  Ceneral  Rose- 
era  ns  : 

HeADOI  ARTKRS  DeI'ARTMF.NT  OF  THE  CUMIiKRI.AMi,   ) 
MIRKRKKSIIORCJ,   Tf.NN.,   April  lO,    1S63.         | 

Spkciai.  Field  Ordf.rs  ) 
No.  97  / 

IX.  The  following  named  enlisted  men  of  the  113th  Ohio  \*olunteers,  are 
hereby  detailed  to  proceed  to  Cohimbus,  Ohio,  and  report  to  the  Adjutant  Cien- 
eral  of  the  State  for  authority  to  recruit  a  tentii  company  for  their  regiment. 

They  will  report  semi-weekly  by  letter  to  these  I  Iead(|uarters  ilieir  wherea- 
bouts,   ;in(l     the-     nunibfr    of    lut-u     ihcy    liave     recruited.       The    (Juarti-rma^It'r 


26  Kiury-i/tiy  Sohtin  -JJj,  :  [iTanklin.    Ti-nn. 

Department   will  furnish   the  detail  necessary  tiansponatiuii  lo  (  UliinilMi-    in.i 
I'd  urn.  with  such  recruits  as  they  may  obtain. 

.Serjeant  Georci-;  McCrka,  ComiJany  "  E." 
Serjjeant  .M.  D.  L.  Park,  Company  •' F." 
Corporal  Wii.i.iam  .Vkmsi  k<jng,  Com|)any  "A." 
Hy  command   of 

M.\J()R   GENERAL  ROSKCKANS 
II.  TiiKAi.i.,  Captain  ami  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

74.  Jaincs  L.  Edmiston  and  J.  F.  Barger,  having  been  dischaiged, 
start  liomc.  Jim  has  a  soul  as  big  as  all  outdoors,  but  he  lacked  the 
body  to  make  a  soldier.  He  has  been  a  warm  and  faithful  fricml  of 
mine  from  our  first  a((iuaintan(e. 

75.  Have  been  made  wagon  master  of  the  Pioneer  Brigade,  and 
will  enter  at  once  u])on  my  duties.  1  learn  that  there  will  be  plenty 
of  work  in  it.  This  will  keep  me  separated  from  my  command  to 
some  extent. 

20.  It  is  now  eight  months  since  the  regiment  entered  Camp' 
Chase.  In  that  time  each  soldier  has  made  many  accpiaintances  in 
his  regiment.  We  have  discovered  that  the  character  and  standing  of 
a  man  as  a  citizen  at  home  is  no  certain  criterion  by  which  to  measure 
him  as  a  soldier.  The  man  who,  as  a  citizen,  was  the  recognized  bully 
of  his  neighborhood,  and  who  was  always  ripe  and  ready  for  a  fight 
with  his  neighbors,  is  the  first  to  falter  and  shrink  from  duty,  and  to 
show  the  white  feather  when  danger  threatens ;  while  the  modest, 
timid,  bashful  man,  becomes  the  trusty,  fearless  soldier,  who  would 
suffer  rather  than  desert  his  post  or  disobey  an  order.  The  reckless 
darc-cle\il  im])roves  in  his  morals,  while  the  conduct  of  his  more 
professing  comrade  becomes  greatlx  modified.  In  some  instances 
the  man  of  giant  proportions  and  strength  becomes  a  prey  to  disease, 
grows  weak  and  helpless,  and  finally  finds  his  way  to  the  hospital,  or 
is  a  constant  attendant  at  the  surgeon's  call,  while  the  spindling  boy 
of  si.xteen  has  rounded  into  hardy  manhood,  and  seems  to  thrive  on 
duty,  danger  and  exposure.  Thus  it  seems  that  no  human  foresight 
could  determine  who  would  or  who  would  not  render  valuable  service 
to  the  countrx . 

Up  to  this  time  nine  officers  have  resigned  their  commissions  and 
retired  from  the  service.  I  would  follow  their  example,  but  the 
(jovernor  of  Ohio  would  probaljly  decline  to  accept  it,  knowing  that 
he  could  not  fill  my  place  as  readily  as  that  of  a  cajjtain  or  a  lieu- 
tenant. 

I  learn   that  in  Ohio  the  sui)ply  of  would-be  commissioned  officers 


May,  '63. j  Ubloiy  oj  the  ujt/i  O.  I'.  J. 


exceeds  the  demaiHl,  while  a  likel)-  soldier,  suitable  for  the  front  rank, 
is  valued  at  the  price  of  a  good  horse. 

25.  The  work  of  fortifying  goes  on  ;  besides  a  fort  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  Harpeth,  defenses  are  being  constructed  on  Roper's 
Knob,  an  eminence  a  mile  to  the  northeast. 

2g.  Went  beyond  the  lines  in  company  with  si.x  muleteers ; 
ca])tured  and  brought  in  four  mules;  paid  twenty-five  cents  for  a 
dozen  eggs  for  Lieutenant  Charles  Sinnet. 

JO.  This  day  was  set  apart  as  a  day  of  fasting  and  -prayer,  but  1 
am  compelled  to  say  it  was  not  much  observed.  Colonel  Wilcox  has 
resigned  and  returned  home.  He  has  few  equals  as  an  officer,  and 
his  retirement  at  this  time  in  our  history  will  be  seriously  felt  by  our 
regiment.  We  had  been  a  long  while  learning  to  understand  him, 
but  now  that  we  have  learned  to  know  him  better,  we  value  him 
more.  No  one  c[uestions  his  motives  in  leaving  the  service,  and 
our  best  wishes  follow  him  in  his  retirement. 


MAY,   186  3. 

/.  Our  cavalry  engaged  the  enemy  at  daylight  some  distance  to 
the  south.  Cieneral  Gilbert  went  out  at  two  o'clock  in  the  morning 
with  a  number  of  regiments,  but  returned  before  noon,  ha\ing  killed 
seven  of  the  enemy  and  captured  forty-three  prisoners. 

2.  Sunday.  Went  out  with  a  company  of  teamsters  toward  Nash- 
ville to  hunt  mules  and  recreate.  We  captured  two  mules  and  had 
a  quarrel  amongst  ourselves  about  the  ownership  of  a  chicken.  Cot  a 
good  dinner. 

5.  Have  had  a  number  of  teams  at  work  hauling  lumber  for  the 
construction  of  ([uarters.  We  procured  the  lumber  from  a  seminary 
in  the  southern  suburbs  of  town. 

Captain  Avery,  of  (General  (iilbert's  staff,  caused  the  arrest  of  our 
party  for  taking  the  lumber  without  his  permission.  After  giving  us 
some  advice,  which  we  failed  to  appreciate,  he  dismissed  us. 

6.  The  113th  crossed  the  Harpeth,  and  camped  south  of  town. 
The  contrabands  at  our  camp  had  an  old-fashioned  dance,  and  we 
acted  the  part  of  admiring  spectators.  \\'hile  in  Franklin  to-day,  I 
plucked  a  full-blown  rose,  and  will  send  it  home  to  my  wife. 

8.  Sergeant  M.  Hays,  John  Scureman  and  Fred  Steirs,  Company 
B,  having  been  left  at  the  h(jspital  at  Nashville,  joined  their  company 
to-day. 


2«  Kvny-</ay  Sol,/iii   /.//,•:  [  !■  raiikliii,    IV-nn. 

Q.  The  rominand  recrossed  the  Ilnipetb.  and  occ  iii»ied  tlie  (  ani)) 
from  \vhi(-h  thcv  luovcd  on  the  6th. 

10.  Attcniled  |ireacliin;j;  at  I'lanklin,  and  listened  to  the  first  sermon 
for  five  months,  and  was  st)  m\uli  interested  that  I  forgot  tlie  text  and 
the  name  of  the  jtreacher. 

//  The  ,:;j;d  huliana  has  an  excellent  band,  and  they  discourse 
splendid  music  of  an  evening.  One  of  the  few  thinj^s  I  would 
rather  hear  than  a  brass  band  is  a  dinner  bell.  'I'hat  reminds  me 
that  we  get  plenty  to  eat  here,  but  forage  for  the  animals  is  scarce. 

17.  Went  beyond  the  pickets  in  (  ompany  with  James  A.  Baker ; 
dined  with  a  farmer  east  of  camp.  John  !•".  Kiker,  Captain  of  Com- 
pany E,  has  resiiiued,  and  started  home  to-day.  Dr.  Harlow  has 
also  resigned. 

20.  Lieutenant  W.  R.  Hanawalt  has  been  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
Pioneer  Brigade.     He  is  a  fast  friend  of  mine. 

27.  The  regiment  received  one  month's  pay.  Thirteen  dollars 
would  not  start  a  respectable  faro  bank. 

2^.  M.C  Doak  and  I  dined  with  Mrs.  McGavock  east  of  camp.  We 
were  treated  very  hospitably.  Buttermilk  is  a  good  thing  for  a  stomach 
that  has  been  regaled  with  army  feed  for  so  long. 

29.  The  Paymaster  is  here  again  and  disbursed  the  promises  of 
the  United  States  to  the  extent  of  %26  to  each  enlisted  man.  The 
officers  get  more,  but  then  they  have  to  work  for  theirs.  Having 
plenty  of  cash,  I  went  to  Franklin  and  bought  two  pounds  of  dried 
apples  for  forty  cents,  preparatory  to  a  swell.  Have  now  been  paid 
S'57-5o  ^ince  enlistment. 

JO.  Went  to  the  Widow  McGavock's,  and  got  some  pie  jjlant, 
sweet  milk  and  strawberries.  I  am  favorably  impressed  with  her 
and  shall  be  her  friend  while  these  supplies  last. 

There  are  indications  of  a  movement  of  Rosecrans'  army,  and  we 
are  expecting  an  order  to  move  at  any  time.  This  will  be  good  news, 
for  we  have  grown  weary  of  our  stay  here.  The  troops  have  done 
an  immense  amount  of  fortifying  here,  and  those  who  come  after  us 
will  have  little  to  do  l)Ut  enjoy  the  benefits  of  our  labor. 

Ji.  Rode  into  the  country  with  Doak  and  Brigham,  of  the  ir3th, 
and  Millet,  of  the  78th  Illinois.  Millet  and  I  captured  a  fine  young 
mare,  and  jjroposed  making  her  a  present  to  one  of  our  officers.  As 
we  drew  near  to  camp  the  cavalry  outposts  put  us  under  arrest,  and 
escorted  us  before  Captain  Avery,  A.  A.  G.  on  the  staff  of  General 
Gilbert.     The  Ca])tain  was  much  incensed  at  us,  but   listened  to  our 


History  of  l/ic  i  Ijl/i  O.    ]'.  /. 


l^lea,  and  finally  sent  us  to  our  command,  and  that  was  the  end  of  it. 
We  will  let  the  officers  steal  their  own  horses. 


JUNE,    1863. 

/.  Orders  have  been  received  to  be  ready  to  move  to-morrow. 

2.  We  marched  at  8:30  A.  M.  Traveled  seven  miles,  and  our  route 
struck  the  Wilson  pike  in  the  direction  of  Triune,  which  ]jlace  we 
reached  late  in  the  afternoon.  Camped  on  a  high  ridge  on  the  right 
of  the  pike.  The  roads  are  soft  and  part  of  the  train  failed  to  get 
into  camp  to-night. 

One  of  our  wagons  upset  in  the  creek,  creating  some  sulphuric 
profanity  and  wetting  the  equipage  badly.  We  are  fourteen  miles 
from  Franklin. 

J".  Took  charge  of  the  train  of  the  regiment.  Triune  is  twenty- 
three  miles  from  Nashville. 

10.  Have  just  returned  from  a  trip  to  Nashville  for  supiilies.  We 
brought  an  immense  quantity  of  grain,  pork,  flour,  clothing,  and  other 
army  supplies.  Quartermaster  .Swisher  issued  clothing  this  evening. 
Assistant  Surgeon  T.  C.  Tii)ton  has  resigned  and  goes  home,  ("aji- 
tain  David  Taylor,  Jr.,  has  also  resigned. 

//.  Our  camp  was  aitai;ked  by  the  enemy  at  10  .\.  M.,  and  fur  two 
hours  things  went  lively.  The  enemy  then  withdrew,  leaving  a  num- 
ber of  prisoners  in  our  hands. 

/J.  Things  move  quietly  in  cam]),  but  there  are  indications  tiiat 
our  stay  here  will  be  brief  'J'he  teamsters  of  tlie  regimental  train 
hired  a  colored  cook  to-day.  His  name  is  "  Dad."  He  claims  to  be 
a  preacher,  but  if  he  can  preach  no  better  than  he  can  cook  the  cause 
will  certainly  suffer.  We  shall  hold  Dad  as  a  ])rol)ationer  for  a  while 
and  see  what  outcome  there  is  in  him. 

t6.  'i'he  regiment  shifted  its  position  tc)  one  lurlher  soutii  and 
more  in  the  shade.  The  country  is  overgrown  with  plenty  of  rich 
clover,  but  I  have  not  seen  a  single  stack  of  hay  in  Tennessee.  The 
times  are  not  faxorable  to  ha\  making.  Lieutenant  Hamilton  has 
arrived  from  Ohio  and  is  on  duty  as  regimental  adjutant. 

22.  Five  of  our  teams  joined  a  large  supi)ly  train  and  went  lo 
Nashville  for  flour  and  other  supplies.  1  a<conq)anietl  tiiem.  AN'e 
reached  Nashville  at  1  T.  M.  it  is  \er\  dusty.  1  visited  some  of 
our  sick  at  Hospital  No.  9. 


30  Every-iiay  Soldier  Lijc :         [On  lo  Shclbyvillc 

2j;.  Our  forces  moved  in  the  direction  of  Miirfreesboro. 

-'J.   ()iir  train  readied  Miirfreesboro  this  afternoon.     N\'e  have  had 

a  luul  road  and  a  serious  time.  I  lind  Lieutenant  Swfsher,  .\.  (^.  .M.. 
I  )oak,  and  a  number  of  convalescents  stopping  here.  The  regiment, 
witli   the  main  army,  has  gone  on  toward   Shell)\  ville.     Still    it  rains. 

26.  The  train  which  brought  Hour  b-om  Nashville  was  uidcjaded 
here,  and,  after  reloading  with  commissar)  sujjplies,  again  moved, 
going  to  the  front.  Quartermaster  Swisher  and  I  went  to  Murfrees- 
boro  and  got  a  good  dinner  at  a  hotel.  Such  meals  as  we  ate  would 
soon  bring  a  hotel  to  bankruptcy. 

28.  Sunda\.  Colonel  Mitchell  is  in  Murfreesboro  and  is  suffering 
with  something  like  varioloid.  Some  prisoners  were  brought  in  from 
the  front  to-day. 

2<^.  We  are  prei)aring  to  join  the  reginicnl.  The  regimental  wagon 
and  the  portable  bakers,  both  having  Ijccii  abandonetl  between  here 
and  'i'riune,  were  brought  in  to-da)'.      it  rains. 

JO.  Left  Murfreesboro  at  7  A.  M.,  joining  the  regiment  at  Shel- 
b\  N'ille  at  sundown. 

On  my  way,  and  when  within  si.\  miles  of  Shelby  ville,  1  stopped 
at  a  house  for  dinner.  The  lad\  told  me  that  I  was  now  in  the  house 
where  Vallandigham  fust  stopped  after  being  ])ut  through  the  lines 
of  our  army,  the  house  at  that  time  being  (leneral  Bragg 's  Headipiar- 
ters.  The  great  V'al.  tarried  here  until  a  carriage  could  be  sent  from 
Shelbyville  to  convey  him  thither.  As  he  a[)proached  the  town,  the 
road  was  thronged  1)\  rebel  troops,  who  called  on  him  for  a  speech. 
One  of  General  Bragg 's  staff  officers,  who  had  been  a  fellow  con- 
gressman with  Val.,  spoke  to  the  soldiers,  excusing  the  martyr  (.') 
from  speaking,  and  saying  that  the  peculiar  circumstances  under 
which  their  distinguished  visitor  was  placed  made  silence  the  better 
|>olicy.  The  soldiers  then  asked  that  they  might  get  sight  of  him, 
and  Mr.  \'allandigham,  to  gratify  them,  stood  on  the  carriage  steps. 
It  has  rained  every  day  for  a  week,  and  the  men  have  suffered  much 
discomfort  in  conse(pience. 

Lor  a  record  of  events  since  the  regiment  left  Triune,  1  make  the 
following  extracts  from  the  diary  of  Comrade  Isaac  Creen  : 

'"''  June  25.  We  received  marching  orders  on  the  morning  of  the 
23d,  and  since  then  we  have  been  marching  through  dust,  rain  and 
mud  in  unlimited  ipiantities.  Our  march  was  in  a  southeasterly 
direction  for  a  distance  of  twelve  miles.  Camped  in  a  cornfield, 
where  we  find  plenty  of  company,  the  forces  at  Triune  having  marched 
by  different  routes  and  centered   here.     Yesterday  the  bugle  call   to 


June, '63.  J  History  oj  the  J I  Jill  O.   /  .  /.  31 

fall  in  sounded  directly  after  dinner,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  heavy  rain 
and  plenty  of  mud,  we  moved  in  the  direction  of  Shelbyville. 

"  The  1 13th  was  on  duty  as  train  guards,  and  as  a  conseijuence,  we 
made  progress  slowly;  but  it  was  fully  as  tiresome  as  steady  march- 
ing, for  the  roads  had  been  so  used  up  by  the  forces  which  had 
passed  that  our  animals  could  move  their  loads  with  difficulty.  Night 
came  on,  and  still  we  trudged  on  through  rain,  darkness  and  mud, 
five  miles  further,  where  we  came  to  our  camp.  The  closing  act  of 
the  trip  was  to  wade  into  a  mud  hole  and  assist  in  lifting  an  ambu- 
lance in  which  Colonel  Mitchell  was  riding.  It  was  now  past  mid- 
night, and  it  was  next  to  impossible,  under  the  circumstances,  to  find 
comfortable  shelter  for  the  rest  of  the  night.  I  spread  my  blanket 
on  the  ground  and  stretched  my  weary  limbs  thereon;  but  a  torrent 
of  rain  soon  roused  me,  and,  seeking  a  friendly  tree,  1  propped  my- 
self against  it  in  a  half  comfortable  way,  and,  throwing  my  blanket 
over  my  head,  1  half  slept  the  wear)-  time  away.  At  four  o'clock 
this  morning  we  were  roused  up  and  again  trudged  on  in  a  soakijig 
raip.  We  at  length  reached  the  pike,  where  we  halted  and  con- 
structed shelters  of  rails.     It  ceased  raining  about  noon. 

"The  sun  is  sinking  in  the  west;  we  are  in  line  anticipating  an 
attack.  A  large  cavalry  force  and  some  artillery  are  feeling  for  the 
enemy  in  our  front.  Every  few  seconds  I  can  hear  the.  boom  of  can- 
non in  our  front  at  no  great  distance. 

'"'' June  26.  We  have  not  moved  ahead  to-day,  as  many  e.xpected. 
We  have  been  sheltering  ourselves  from  the  rainy  torrent  by  putting 
rails  and  blankets  up  in  shape  to  turn  the  water.  Last  night  a 
mounted  soldier  rode  into  camp  at  one  o'clock,  and  shouted,  '  Fall 
out,  fall  out.'  We  were  soon  out,  but  the  regimental  commander 
soon  sent  us  to  our  bunks  again.  At  three  o'clock  we  were  again 
called  out,  but  after  standing  to  arms  a  short  time  we  again  lay  down 
to  rest. 

'"''June  JO.  We  are  now  at  Shelbyville.  On  the  27th,  last  Saturday, 
we  received  marching  orders  to  move  toward  this  place,  a  dis- 
tance of  seven  miles.  Our  force  of  cavalry  drove  the  enemy  in  our 
front  the  whole  distance,  and  at  such  a  rate  as  to  prevent  our  infantr\- 
from  getting  a  shot  at  them. 

"  It  is  said  that  the  cavalry  and  artillery  drove  them  out  of  the 
town  before  seven  o'clock.  They  brought  back  three  cannons  and 
more  than  five  hundred  prisoners. 

"On  the  28th,  Sunday,  a  force  was  sent  back  to  where  we  had  our 
camp  the  day  before,  reaching  there  before  sundown.  The  next  day 
we  thought  we  would  certainly  go  back  to  Murfreesboro,  but  instead 
of  doing  so,  we  marched  toward  Shelbyville  again  ;  we  marched  about 
eleven  miles  through  a  hard  rain,  and  then  camped.  This  morning 
we  moved  on  four  miles  further,  and  are  now  in  sight  of  the  town. 

"  From  here  to  Murfreesboro  is  twenty-seven  miles,  and  from  here 
to  our  camp  of  yesterday  morning  is  eighteen  miles.  Can  any  one 
wonder  that  I  and  others  have  sore  feet  ? 


32  li7'try-i/ay  So/t/iif  Li/r  :        [ Slicll)y villc,   Tciin. 

"  NN'e  have  been  eight  days  on  the  way  from  I'liiine;  it  lias  rained 
c\  ery  day  and  every  night  hut  two. 

"(ieneral  (Iranger  has  issued  an  order  again^>l  piUaging  ironi  citi- 
zens in  this  vicinity,  as  the  people  of  this  part  of  the  State  are  regarded 
as  loyal  to  the  Federal  ( W)\  ernnient.  We  are  now  in  the  Reserve 
Corps. 

"On  the  second  morning  from  'I'riune  we  were  ordered  to  lay  aside 
all  our  baggage,  antl  to  carry  nothing  but  a  blanket,  haversack,  gun 
and  e(|uipments.  Tents  and  knapsacks  were  left  at  Murfreesboro, 
and  we  are  spoiling  to  see  them  coming  up,  for  we  are  much  in  need 
of  our  little  alt  which  our  knapsacks  contain.  1  need  a  clean  shirt 
badly ;  the  one  I  have  on  has  been  on  duty  for  these  many  days. 

"'July  2.  Our  knapsacks  and  tents  came  to  hand  to-day.  1  find 
mine  in  good  condition,  and  am  agreeably  surprised.  \S c  occupy 
quarters  in  the  town. 

"The  citizens  greeted  our  coming  with  unmistakable  signs  u\  real 
joy.  The  stars  and  stripes  wave  from  many  dwellings  and  other 
[)laces.  ( )ne  lad\,  who  iietd  in  her  hand  a  small  flag,  said  that  she 
had  carried  it  in  her  pocket  for  months  to  kee})  the  rel)els  from  find- 
ing it. 

"As  the  rebels  left  town  upon  our  approach,  they  were  compelled 
to  cross  the  Duck  on  a  bridge  above  town.y^  It  is  reported  that  many 
were  crowded  off  the  bridge  and  drowned.  Four  bodies  were  found 
this  forenoon  lodged  against  a  sand-bar  some  distance  below  the 
bridge.  Yesterday  the  l)od\  of  a  rebel  lieutenant  was  found  near 
the  bridge  below  town.  .\  navy  revolver,  some  letters,  and  thirty 
cents  in  silver  were  in  the  pockets  of  his  clothing. 

"That  the  bridge  above  town  was  not  burned  is  evidence  that  the 
rebels  were  driven  out  in  a  hurry,  and  lacked  time  to  ai)ply  the  torch. 

"  No  rain  for  two  days.    What  are  we  coming  to.'  " 


j  V  1.  V,    I  80  3. 

/.  Shell))  ville  is  the  county  seat  of  Bedford  count)'.  It  has  been 
a  place  of  some  wealth  and  beauty.  It  is  on  the  right  bank  of  Duck 
River.  The  people  claim  to  be  lo)al,  and  they  may  be  ;  some  un- 
doubtedly are. 

4.  This  is  the  Nation's  birlhda),  and  1  supjjose  that  in  our  nati\e 
State  of  Ohio  the  people  are  making  noisy  demonstrations  of  their 
patriotism,  which  is  all  well.  Just  now  1  would  feel  better,  and  have 
more  respect  for  the  eagle  of  America,  if  the  skippers  in  our  meal 
were  not  so  numerous. 

The  day  was  observed  lo  some  e.xtent,  and  a  .Mr.  Cooper,  a  citizen 
of  this  l(nvn,  who  has  suffered  much  for  the  cause  of  the  Dnioii, 
made  an  address  of  ability. 


July,  '63,]  History  0/  l/ic  11J//1  O.   I'.  /.  33 

When  our  troops  advanced  on  this  town  hist  Saturday,  the  force  of 
rebels,  commanded  by  Colonel  l-eadbetter,  made  a  hasty  retreat, 
going  southward,  and  crossing  the  Duck  on  the  bridge  near  town.  In 
their  haste  many  were  crowded  off  the  bridge,  and  some  drowned. 
The  body  of  one  of  these  was  found  to-day  in  the  river  below  a  dam 
opposite  the  town.  It  had  been  constantly  in  an  eddy  and  under  the 
fall  of  the  water  from  the  dam  for  several  days,  and  was  a  shocking 
sight.  A  grave  was  made  on  the  bank  for  its  reception.  Some  men  then 
approached  it  on  a  raft,  and,  tying  a  string  of  bark  to  one  limb,  towed 
it  ashore.  Placing  a  broad  l^oard  in  the  water  under  the  body,  it  was 
lifted  out  and  carried  to  the  grave.  The  board  was  then  turned  so 
that  it  rolled  in.  Hardly  a  more  shocking  sight  can  be  thought  of. 
The  men,  in  their  haste  to  finish  their  task,  neglected  to  remove  the 
bark  from  its  fastening  on  the  leg.  1  mentioned  this  to  one  of  the 
soldiers,  and  he  reminded  me  that  this  was  as  it  should  be,  and  that 
the  devil  could  use  that  as  a  means  of  securing  his  own.  Soldiers 
are  apt  to  make  very  heartless  remarks. 

Many  of  the  fathers  and  sons  of  the  families  of  Shelbyville  were 
compelled  to  fly  from  therr  homes  several  months  ago  when  the  rebels 
occupied  tlie  town  and  countrw  'I'hese  are  now  returning,  and  the 
greetings  of  friends,  long  sei)arated  by  the  cruel  fate  of  war,  are  fre- 
quent and  joyous. 

J.  Captain  Levi  T.  Nichols  is  acting  Provost  Marshal.  To-day 
he  sent  me  willi  a  cotirtn  three  miles  into  the  country  towards  Mur- 
freesboro  to  bury  a  citi/en.  'l"he  hearse  was  a  heavy  army  wagon? 
drawn  by  four  large  mules,  and  driven  b)-  Henry  Leaf,  of  Company 
H.  AA'hen  we  arrived  in  the  neighborhood  where  the  man  had  died, 
we  learned  that  he  was  alread)  buried.  We  returned  to  camj),  and 
now  have  a  coffin  on  our  hands. 

6.  Some  contrabands  revealetl  the  whereabouts  of  a  secreted  box 
to  one  of  our  i)ickets  to-day.  Tiie  box  belonged  to  a  rebel  captain, 
and  was  secreted  in  a  stable  not  far  from  the  post.  Carpenter  and 
Cireen  fished  it  out  of  its  hiding  |)lat;e.  It  contained  knives  and  forks, 
a  pan,  canteen,  coffee  pot,  wooden  bucket,  fifty  pounds  sugar  and 
several  photographs. 

7.  Doak,  Brigham  and  1  went  l)lackberr)ing.  This  is  a  great 
country  for  berries,  but  cream  is  sc.irce. 

S.  A  detachment  of  soldiers  and  a  train  of  seventeen  wagons  went 
into  the  country  for  grain  and  forage.  We  went  seven  miles  to  the 
southeast,  and   loaded   our   wagons    with   corn,  ))roriiring   it    of   Mrs. 


34  /•'..ri y-,/iiy  So/,//,/-  /,//<  ;  |  S1k-I|i\  \  illc,    Triiii. 

Campbell  and  Mr.  Dean.  I'ocjk  suiipcr  with  Min.  Ki/cr,  and  hailed 
for  the  nij^ht  elose  to  a  villatfe. 

(^.  ( )ur  party  returned  to  camp,  hriiiuin^  in  nuun  tVuils  of  the  trip. 
It  is  reported  in  camp  that  (leiieral  (Irani  (elel)raled  the  I'oiirtli  in 
the  capture  of  Vicksburg. 

/-'.  AVent  blackberrying again  to  day,  and  got  a  ipiantity  of  berries. 
We  think  of  bringing  in  a  cow  next  ;  berries  are  much  better  wilh 
cream.  The  Chaphiin  of  the  121st  ( ).  \'.  I.,  preached  at  the  Pres- 
byterian Church. 

/J.  Lieutenants  Swisher  and  'I'oland  gave  a  supper  in  their  tpiar- 
ters  this  evening.  Captain  Howersock,  Captain  Messmore  and  Lieu- 
tenant Bostwick  were  among  the  guests.  I  never  remember  of  seeing 
stewed  berries  make  men  feel  their  oats  as  these  men  did.  Leaf  has 
been  sleeping  in  that  cotfin  since  our  trip  mentioned, on  the  5th. 

14.  We  moved  from  town  to  day,  and  went  into  camp  on  the  bank 
of  Duck  River,  nearly  a  mile  from  the  village.  We  have  a  nice 
location. 

16.  The  weather  is  fine,  with  an  occasional  shower.  The  men 
swim  every  day  in  the  river.  'I'he  contraba'nds  of  our  camp  had  a 
iiuge  dance  this  evening.  1  have  nolical  that  a  darke)  never  gets  too 
old,  nor  too  badly  crippled  to  dance.  Dad,  our  cook,  has  an  engage- 
ment to  i;)reach  in  the  wagon  yard  ne.xt  Sunday.  The  companies 
drill  an  hour  and  a  half  each  day. 

ry.  Wrote  to  Mrs.  McAdams  to  day,  reminding  her  that  this  is  her 
birthday,  and  that  she  is  growing  old.  A  year  ago  to-day  I  was  at 
home;  where  I  will  be  a  year  hence,  who  can  tell  ?  Went  with  two 
teams  to  the  country  and  got  two  loads  of  grass. 

/p.  Went  foraging  to-day  to  the  premises  of  Mr.  Davis,  three  miles 
west  of  town.  Rol.  Reed  and  I  got  a  good  dinner  at  a  farm  house. 
Loaded  our  teams  with  grass  and  oats. 

22.  A  detachment  of  troops  under  Lieutenant  (.'oU^nel  l*ierce,  98th 
O.  V.  L,  with  thirty-nine  wagons,  went  on  a  foraging  ex|)edition  to 
the  farm  of  one  Dwiggins,  five  miles  south  of  camp.  We  found  a 
field  of  oats,  and  securing  two  reaping  machines  and  a  number  of 
cradles,  we  proceeded  to  cut,  bind  and  load  the  crop.  Dwiggins 
raises  good  oats,  but  I  presume  he  wiH  not  thank  us  for  our  gratuitous 
lal)or,  nor  for  leaving  his  reaper  in  the  field  where  we  finished.  Re- 
turned to  cam])  after  dark. 

Green  complains  that  some  one  has  stolen  his  plate  and  that  lie 
will  have  to  take  his  meals  from  a,  wooden   Ijucket. 

2j.    l''orlv-three    teaniM    and    a    delachuicnl    of  the    i^ist    ( )hio,  in 


August,  '63. J  History  oj  tlif  113th  O.   \\  I.  35 


command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  H.  B.  Banning,  made  a  trip  to  the 
Dwiggins  farm  to-day.  Sergeant  Blotter  and  I  dined  with  Mrs. 
Nease. 

2j.  The  113th,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  C'olonel  Warner,  went 
to  Dwiggins' farm  with  thirty  teams,  and  loaded  them  with  feed  for 
the  animals.  Adjutant  Hamilton,  A.  J.  Powell  and  I  took  dinner 
with  Mrs.  Rollins,  wife  of  Dwiggins'  overseer. 

26.  Sunday.  The  brigade  was  reviewed  by  (leneral  Whittaker. 
Reed  and  1  swam  the  river  and  went  blackberrving.  .\.  foraging  party 
took  twenty-one  wagons  live  miles  south  of  camp  and  secured 
eighteen  loads  of  oats,  corn  and  hay,  the  property  of  a  rebel  who  had 
gone  off   with  Bragg 

Companies  are  being  enlisted  and  organized  for  service  in  the  Union 
arm\  A  corporal  of  the  98th  ().  V.  L  was  punished  with  the  buck 
and  gag  for  lack  of  diligence  while  on  picket. 

2g.  A  large  part\-  of  foragers  with  forty-five  teams  visited  \h-. 
Dwiggins'  farm  to-day  and  completed  the  work  of  taking  all  he  had. 
There  is  a  bright  sitle  to  this  for  Dwiggins,  but  1  fear  he  will  not  be 
able  to  see  it. 


AUC;  UST,    I  863. 

/.  The  weather  is  e.Kcessivelv  warm,  and  the  several  companv  com- 
manders are  erecting  shady  arbors  in  front  of  their  (juarters,  using  for 
that  purpose  the  cedar  that  grows  abundantly  here.  A  prayer  meet- 
ing was  held  last  night  in  the  grove  ;  these  meetiiigs  are  of  recent 
origin,  and  at  first  were  attended  onl\-  b\  a  very  few;  now  the  atten- 
dance is  greatly  increased,  and  the  interest  has  also  increased. 

4.  The  troop>  were  reviewed  i)v  Ceneral  l\.(jsecrans.  The  l'a\- 
master  paid  us  twn  months  wages,  and  now  we  are  puzzled  to  know 
what  to  do  with  the  money.  Mail  from  the  North  arrives  as  promplls 
as  if  nothing  of  a  hostile  character  was  disturbing  the  land. 

J.  Took  my  old  white  horse  to  the  river  and  gave  him  a  lesson  in 
swimming;  he  swims  like  a  du(  k,  and  appears  pleased  with  the  exer- 
cise. Ceneral  Rosecrans  told  us  \esterday  that  we  got  too  much 
fried  meat,  and  said  he  thought  he  would  have  to  take  us  over  the 
mountains  to  fatten  us  up. 

0.  To-da)  is  'i'lianksgivirig  day,  and  was  a[)pointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent. \o  particular  attention  was  given  to  it,  which  was  not  as  it 
should  l)e.  Perhaps  Ceneral  Rosecrans  does  not  believe  in  praxing 
as  much  as  in  fii;luing.      lie  is  said  to  be  an  ardent  catholic. 


36  Evcry-Jay  SolJin    /.ij,  :        [Shclliyv  illc,   Tcnn. 

7.  Leaf  went  foraging,  leaving  Recti  and  Dunlai)  to  do  camj)  work. 
Lieutenant  Swisher  and  I  rode  to  tt)wn  and  spent  some  time  pleas- 
antly. Sergeant  J.  W.  Ingrini,  who  has  been  absent  at  hospital, 
joined  the  regiment  to-day.      He  is  greatly  improved  in  health. 

<p.  (ieneral  W'hittaker  reviewed  the  troops  to-day,  and  there  was 
pt)mp  and  jjarade  in  j^rofusion.  1  attended  on  horse  back,  and  was 
very  weary  before  it  was  over.  There  would  be  fewer  reviews  if  the 
generals  and  other  subordinate  officefs  had  to  foot  it  as  the  enlisted 
men  do.  Eight  men  have  been  taken  from  each  infantry  regiment 
to  serve  in  a  battery.  The  evening  prayer  meetings  increase  in  in- 
terest. General  Baird  has  been  succeeded  by  (ieneral  W'hittaker  as 
brigade  commander. 

T2.  The  113th  and  98th  Ohio,  marched  from  Shelby ville  to  Wart- 
race,  arriving  at  Wartrace  at  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  This  is 
in  Bedford  county  on  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  R.  R.,  and  fifty- 
five  miles  from  Nashville.  It  is  a  small  village  or  station,  and  the 
:)bject  in  our  coming  here  will  appear  in  the  future. 

14.  It  is  the  season  for  ripe  peaches  in  this  climate,  and  the  neigh- 
boring citizens  are  bringing  in  the  luscious  fruit  and  exchanging  for 
other  necessaries,  such  as  coffee,  salt  and  soap.  A  blooming  lass 
comes  in  now^  and  then,  mounted  on  a  mule,  carrying  a  sack  of  string 
bekns,  a  jug  of  buttermilk  and  some  other  tempting  edibles.  I  am 
almost  astonished  at  the  supijly  of,  and  tlie  demand  for  buttermilk.  A 
number  of  regiments  which  had  been  occupying  this  post,  moved 
towards  the  front  as  we  came  in. 

IJ.  The  weather  is  excessively  dry  and  warm.  A  i)art  of  the  regi- 
ment is  on  duty  several  miles  from  Itamp,  guarding  some  convales- 
cent animals.  There  is  said  to  be  several  hundred  of  these  broken 
down  brutes.  The  troops  performing  this  duty  are  having  a  protracted 
picnic,  and  are  enjoying  it  immensely.  Several  sheep  which  at- 
tempted to  hook  the  boys,  have  been  made  to  take  the  oath  of  alle- 
giance to  the  camp  kettle  and  the  frying  pan. 

20.  John  Creath  and  I  rode  some  distance  into  the  country  to  the 
southeast,  looking  up  some  forage  for  our  stock.  We  stopped  at  the 
house  of  a  citizen  and  ingratiated  ourselves  into  his  favor  sufficiently 
to  induce  him  to  ask  us  to  stay  to  dinner.  Being  weak  at  our 
stomachs,  we  could  not  decline.  This  was  near  the  village  of  Fairfield. 
We  returned  to  camp  early  in  the  afternoon.  Company  E  has  re- 
turned from  guarding  the  camp  of  convalescent  animals. 

21.  Started  in  company  with  Ceorge  A.  Graves  of  Com[)any  I),  to 
Shelby  ville  on  a  train.      After  proceeding  a  few  miles  our  engine  gave 


August, '63. J  History  0/  the  113th  O.  ]'.I.  37 

out  so  as  to  be  unal)le  to  ])roceed  with  the  whole  train,  and  the  two 
rear  cars  were  left  on  tlie  track  ;  (Graves  and  I  remained  with  these 
cars,  ex|)ecring  the  engine  would  return  from  Shelbyville  and  take 
this  part  of  the  train  also.  We  remained  here  till  night  came  on  and 
then  went  to  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Phillips,  where  we  stayed  all  night.  A 
careful  inspection  of  arms  and  accoutrements  took  place.  Company 
I  left  early  this  morning  to  guard  a  bridge  in  the  direction  of  TuUa- 
homa. 

22.  Returning  to  the  train,  we  were  run  back  to  Wartrace  by  an  en- 
gine from  that  direction.  We  again  started  for  Shelbyville  where  we 
arrived  in  due  time.  Stopped  at  Fowler's  boarding  house  for  the 
night. 

23.  Our  object  in  coming  here  is  to  repair  a  wheel  of  the  portable 
bakery  belonging  to  Colonel  Mitchell  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  War- 
ner, and  though  it  is  Sunday,  we  are  at  work  in  a  sho])  which  some 
man  has  vacated. 

24.  Have  been  sick  for  a  day  or  two,  unable  to  work,  and  so  I  left 
Graves  to  complete  the  work,  and  I  returned  to  Wartrace  on  the  noon 
train.  The  railroad  connecting  these  places  is  only  a  branch,  twelve 
miles  long,  and  is  badly  out  of  repair  and  poorly  equipped.  Slept  with 
Brigham  in  the  commissary  department.  The  nights  are  very  cool, 
and  a  woolen  blanket  is  essential  to  comfort. 

28.  I  returned  to  Wartrace  to-day  from  a  trip  with  a  sujjply  train 
to  Murfreesboro,  via  Shell)yville.  On  my  way  between  this  and  S., 
having  four  teams  and  empty  wagons  with  me,  I  loaded  the  wagons 
with  green  corn  in  the  field  of  J.  H.  Roane,  giving  Mr.  R.  a  receipt 
for  the  same. 

2g.  Several  days  ago  a  train  jumped  the  track  two  miles  from  this 
station  toward  Nashville,  and  a  vast  (juantity  of  sacked  corii  was  un- 
loaded and  abandoned.  To-day  I  hauled  one  thousand  and  twenty- 
nine  sacks  of  it  to  our  camp.  Lieutenant  Swisher  will  go  to  Shelby- 
ville to-morrow  for  cattle.  That  means  that  we  are  to  have  beef. 
Our  rations  are  generally  good  and  plentiful,  but  we  do  not  hesitate 
to  visit  corn  fields,  orchards,  vegetable  patches  and  the  like,  for 
variety.  We  have  not  lost  our  appetites  for  honey  and  other  delicacies. 

30.  Lieutenant  Swisher  has  returned  with  his  drove.  It  consists 
of  six  head  of  cattle  and  three  sheep.  The  cattle  are  assorted  sizes, 
and  their  condition  is  such  that  we  will  kill  them  at  once  to  keep  them 
from  dying  a  natural  death.  The  sheep  are  a  rare  variety,  but  as  the 
wool  has  peeled  off  of  them,  we  shall  not  be  troubled  to  shear  them. 
The  cars  which  arc  in  use  on  this  road  are  made  at  Dayton,  Ohio. 


^S  Kvii  \-. in V  Soldi,!   I.ij,  :      |(),\  lo  ( "hallanooga 

s  1  I' T  I,  \!  i; )-:  R,   I  sr.;, 

/.  1 'o.ik  .md  I  Riolv  llic  ii.iiii  ilus  inornini^,  and  wi-iii  xiiilli  a-,  lar  as 
Anderson, tlislancc  forlv-cinht  miles,  to  \  i>,ii  sonic  rriciids  ol  the  :;d  (  ).  \  . 
1.  We  reached  our  destination  late  in  the  evening,  and  wen-  cordially 
received  by  the  boys  of  the  Se<.ond. 

2.  The  Second  man  he<l  early  this  morning,  terminatinj^  our  pleas- 
ant  visit. 

Our  return  to  W'artrace  was  without  incident  ol  note  lioth  of  u-. 
coin))lain  ot   beinu;  ill. 

\Vm.  j.  Minton,  ("o.  I ),  died  in  camp  this  morninij,.  1  was  sent  to 
Shelbvville  for  a  coffin,  but  failini;  to  find  one,  I  returned  late  at  nijiht. 

4.  The  Chaplain  of  the  9Xth  ( ).  \'.  1.  held  services  over  the  re- 
mains of  Comrade  Minton;   the  discourse  was  (jne  f)f  rare  ability. 

5.  Charles  Svvazey,  of  the  ycSth  ( ).  \'.  I.,  went  with  me  to  the 
country,  taking  four  teams  for  forage.  We  were  not  successful,  and 
returned  to  camp  empty.  Chatlield  and  I  j)lanned  to  make  a  trip  of 
the  same  kind  in  the  direction  of  Flat  Creek,  but  the  plan  was  cut 
short  Ijy  an  order  to  prepare  to  march.  .\  good  part  of  the  night  was 
si)ent  in  preparations  for  moving. 

6.  We  marched  from  Wartrace  at  nine  o"cloi;k  in  the  direction  of 
Tullahoma,  which  |)lace  we  reached  in  the  evening,  distant  seventeen 
miles.  A  wagon  of  the  regimental  train  gave  down  within  four  miles 
of  'I'uUahoma,  and  we  i)ro<;eeded  without  it.  .\fler  night  came  on  I 
returned  for  the  wagon,  and  with  proiter  assistance  brought  it  to 
camp.  This  took  me  nearl)  all  night,  and  I  was  fatigued  beyond 
description.  Company  H,  which  has  been  on  guard  duty  at  Nor- 
mandy for  five  days  past,  joined  the  regiment  this  evening. 

7.  The  column  resumed  the  march  at  eight  o'clock,  reaching 
Decherd  at  sundown.  Before  the  train  moved,  C'olonel  Warner 
ordered  the  baggage  with  which  it  was  loaded  to  be  overhauled,  and 
all  cumbrous  and  useless  stuff  to  be  abandoned,  it  turned  out  that 
the  Colonel's  baggage  needed  overhauling  worse  than  any  other,  but 
all  shared  a  similar  fate.  The  order  was  im))artially  enforced,  and 
the  plunder  left  on  the  ground  was  surprising  in  <piantity  and  variety. 

From  Tullahoma  to  Decherd  is  si.\teen  miles.  The  march  was 
without  unusual  incident.  A  wheel  of  Leaf's  wagon  gave  out  after 
proceeding  four  miles,  delaying  the  train  several  hours.  Crossed  FJk 
River  six  miles  from  Decherd.  The  weather  is  very  drv  and  the 
road  dusty. 

8.  The  regiment   inarched  early,  jjassing  through    Cowan,  a   small 


Se|)leml)er.  '63.]  History  0/ tlic  J  ijtli  O.   I'.J.  39 

town  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain.  Here  Colonel  Mitchell  joined  the 
regiment,  having  been  al)sent  sici<  at  hospital  since  the  latter  part  of 
June.  The  ascent  of  the  mountain  began  at  eight  o'clock,  and,  after 
a  hard  day's  march,  the  regiment  having  reached  the  summit,  de- 
scended to  the  valley  i)elow  and  camped.  The  train  made  the  ascent 
with  great  difficulty  and  with  many  mishaps.  The  near  hind  wheel 
of  Leaf's  wagon  broke  down  half  a  mile  uj)  the  mountain  side.  1 
returned  to  the  valley,  procured  two  wheels  of  a  j)ontoon  train,  and 
after  much  vexatious  delay  reached  the  disabled  wagon.  The  train 
failed  to  reach  camp,  but  halted  on  the  mountain's  summit  and  spent 
the  night.  The  duties  of  the  day  had  l)een  very  laborious  to  me,  and 
I  realized  that  the  position  of  Wagon  Master  was  one  of  great  re- 
sponsibility and  labor.  During  the  afternoon  the  front  wheel  of  Sam 
Hoover's  wagon  gave  out,  and  this  caused  some  delay.  It  was  a 
lucky  thing  for  us  that  I  got  two  front  wheels  in  the  valley  yesterday 
instead  of  one. 

The  portable  bakery,  which  was  in  charge  of  a  poor  horse  and  two 
colored  servants.  Dad  and   Henry,  was  abandoned  on  the  mountain. 

g.  The  regiment  moved  southward  at  7  A.  M.;  reached  and 
crossed  the  line  into  Alabama  at  noon.  Marched  fifteen  miles  and 
went  into  camp.  Dry  and  dusty.  The  whole  army  seems  to  be 
moving  in  the  direction  of  Chattanooga.  The  train  descended  the 
mountain  and  reached  the  valley  during  the  forenoon.  Two  of  our 
wagons  became  disabled  in  the  valley,  causing  delay  and  annoyance. 
We  passed  the  little  town  of  Anderson  during  the  evening.  Henry 
Leaf's  near  hind  wheel  gave  way,  and  Henry  used  some  profane  ex- 
pletives. 

10.  At  daylight  we  again  marched  southward,  reached  Stevenson, 
Alabama,  al)out  eight  o'clock,  and,  after  a  march  of  fifteen  miles, 
went  into  camp  at  Bridgeport,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tennessee 
River.  The  men  complain  of  the  dust  and  sore  feet.  'I'hey  have 
plenty  to  eat  and  are  in  good  spirits.  'I'he  regimental  train  <;ame  up 
to  the  regiment  late  in  the  evening. 

//.  Remained  camped,  and  the  troops  enjoyed  and  appreciated  the 
needed  rest.  Some  are  repairing  the  wagons,  some  are  shoeing  the 
mules,  swimming  in  the  river,  writing  letters,  or  sleeping  in  their 
shelter  tents.  One  lad  is  torturing  music  from  a  violin.  This  is 
more  an  exhibition  of  muscle  than  of  skill. 

12.  The  brigade  crossed  the  Tennessee  at  5  P.  M.,and  camped  on 
the  left  bank.      The    river   is  spanned    by    pontoon    boats,  the    rebels 


40  Kvtiy-i/aySoli/iir  LiJ(  :       |()n  lo  ( liallanoojfa 

having  burned  the  hridges  some  time  aj^o.  We  are  thirtv-one  miles 
from  Chattanooga. 

Swisher's  horse  died  last  night.  The  Uain  <  rossed  the  river  long 
after  dark,  and  it  re(iiiired  great  (are  to  keep  tlie  animals  from  crowd- 
ing off  into  the  water.  The  men  belonging  with  the  train  were  up 
nearly  all  night.  Some  of  tiie  baggage  was.  unloaded,  and  four  of 
the  wagons  were  sent  back  to  ilridgeport  for  forage. 

Tj.  Sunday.  We  marched  at  dayliglu,  passed  through  the  corner 
of  tlie  State  of  (ieorgia,  (we  are  told)  and,  after  a  march  of  fourteen 
miles,  went  into  camj)  in  the  mountain  (Raccoon?)  During  the  ilay 
wc  passed  a  long  wagon  train,  with  whii  li  were  five  hundred  i)risoners 
from  Bragg 's  army.  Our  train  moved  with  great  difficulty,  and  did 
not  come  up  with  tlie  command.  A  barrel  of  mean  whisky  had  been 
loaded  too  hand}  to  the  end  gate  of  the  wagon,  and  several  of  the 
train  men,  including  Dad,  the  cook,  got  shot. 

^4-  The  column  moved  about  midnight,  halting  at  sunrise  to  take 
breakfast.  Crossed  Lookout  Mountain,  with  Chattanooga  in  sight 
on  our  left,  and  camped  in  the  valley  five  miles  nearly  south  of  Chat- 
tanooga, and  in  Walker  county,  Georgia.  Company  \\  is  put  on 
picket.  The  men  are  short  of  food,  and  everything  like  meat  is  being 
sacrificed.  The  country  is  almost  destitute  of  anything  eatable,  and 
destitution  is  the  fate  of  the  people. 

The  route  from  Cowan  to  this  phu  e  has  led  us  over  mountains, 
valleys,  gorges,  ravines,  rocks  and  jungles.  No  description  can  do 
justice  to  the  scenery  we  have  seen,  esi)eciall\-  as  we  rounded  the  side 
of  old  Lookout  and  beheld  the  valley,  the  city  and  the  river  at  our 
feet.  What  an  imposing  sight  it  would  have  been  to  view  our  column 
of  blue-coated  heroes,  the  long  line  of  artillery,  the  miles  of  wagon 
train,  the  detachments  of  cavalry,  and  all  the  attendants  of  a  great 
army,  as  it  wound  around  the  mountain,  above  the  clouds,  and  then 
descended  into  the  valley  beyond.  . 

15.  Colonel  John  CL  Mitchell  takes  command  of  the  brigade. 
Quartermaster  Swisher  went  to  Chattanooga  and  stored  some  desks, 
boxes  and  other  plunder.  Hrigham  and  1  rode  out  toward  the  foot 
of  JyOokout,  and  procured  some  apples. 

//.  The  brigade  and  two  additional  regiments  moved  out  early, 
and  marched  in  a  southerly  direction.  A  detachment  of  cavalry  and 
six  pieces  of  artillery  accompanied  us.  About  four  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  three  of  the  advance  regiments  deployed  as  skirmishers^ 
and,  advancing,  w^ere  met  by  a  force  of  the  enemy,  who  showed  some 
resistance,  and  then   fell  back  beyond   the  little  town  of  Ringgold. 


September,  '63.]  Bis  tor  v  of  the  iijt/i  O.  V.  /.  41 

The  other  reguiicnts  were  put  in  line  on  and  under  cover  of  a  hill, 
those  on  top  of  the  hill  moving  in  the  direction  of  town,  and  at  the 
same  time  two  pieces  of  our  artillery  opened  fire  upon  the  enemy  for  a 
time.  After  a  time  the  enemy  threw  a  few  shots,  but  made  no  other 
show  of  fight.  The  object  of  a  reconnoissance  having  l)een  accom- 
plished, we  retired  in  the  direction  of  our  former  camp,  near  Ross- 
ville.  After  marching  six  miles  we  halted  for  the  night.  We  were 
weary,  and  lying  down,  we  were  soon  in  dreamland.  About  ten 
o'clock  we  were  awakened  by  a  shower  of  shot  and  shell,  the  enemy 
reminding  us  that  we  had  neglected  to  put  out  our  fires.  Hiere  was 
a  scramble  for  traps  of  all  kinds,  and  the  fires  were  soon  extinguished. 
We  shifted  to  a  new  position,  and  spent  the  rest  of  the  night  resting 
on  our  arms. 

t8.  The  command  returned  to  the  camp  from  which  we  moved 
yestierday  morning.  A  quantity  of  whisky  was  issued  to  the  men. 
In  the  evening  we  were  ordered  to  march  to  guard  a  position  a  few 
miles  south.  We  reached  our  post  of  duty  at  ten  o'clock,  made  the 
necessary  disposition  of  the  force,  (two  brigades)  and  slept  without 
fires,  though  it  was  disagreeably  cold.  A  strong  force  of  the  enemy 
was  within  a  mile  of  us,  but  we  were  unmolested.  We  are  near 
Reed's  Bridge. 

ig.  We  breakfasted  without  water,  and  then  returned  to  our  former 
camp  by  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  We  found  the  wagons  loaded, 
and  all  things  packed  as  if  some  movement  of  importance  was  on  the 
program.  We  drew  rations,  and  while  the  beef  boiled  we  made  other 
plans  looking  towards  active  work.  At  five  o'clock,  the  2d  and  3d 
brigades  moved  out  three  miles  to  a  position  near  a  church  (McAfee). 
Heavy  fighting  has  been  going  on  at  times  during  the  day,  l)ut  we  do 
not  know  the  results.  We  rested  in  our  position  during  the  nighl, 
suffering  much  from  cold. 


C:  H  I  C  K  A  M  A  U  G  A  . 

The  following  account  of  the  battle  of  September  20th,  1863,  is  not 
a  history  of  that  bloody  event,  but  only  the  record  of  a  man  who 
stood  in  the  ranks  and  bore  his  share  of  the  trials  of  the  day.  The 
account  may  be  defective,  and  in  some  respects  erroneous,  but  it  is 
preferred  to  any  other  for  the  reason  that  it  treats  of  tlic  minor  details 
which  have  been  oxcvlookcd  by  tlie  more  pretending  historian. 


42  Km y-iiiiy  Soli/ill   J.i/r :  | (  liii  kaiii;iuj^;i 


"^ September  20.  This  morning  our  brigade  advam  cd  halt  a  mile  in 

line  of  battle We  are  hurried  off  in  the  direction  of 

heavy  cannonading.  Upon  reaching  the  I.afayette  Road  we  formed 
in  line,  and  one  of  our  batteries  fired  several  rounds  at  some  rebels 
in  the  distance.  We  advanced  in  line  on  the  left  of  the  road  nearly 
a  mile.  VVe  then  turned  by  the  right  flank  and  filed  left  into  the  road, 
and  hurried  on  in  the  direction  of  heavy  firing  in  front.  Another 
brigade  was  to  the  right  of  the  road,  and  in  a  few  minutes  we  were 
all  together,  covering  a  considerable  space,  and  in  full  view  of  the 
enemy,  who,  seeing  our  position,  began  shelling  us.  The  first  shot 
struck  near  my  feet,  the  next  burst  over  our  heads.  One  of  our  bat- 
teries then  engaged  thai  of  the  enemy,  enabling  us  to  move  out, 
dodging  shells  as  we  went.  In  this  movement  we  came  very  nearly 
running  into  a  strong  force  of  the  enemy,  and  were  going  further  to 
the  left  than  we  designed  to  go. 

"  Our  column  then  turned  to  the  right,  double-quicked  into  a  field, 
part  of  which  was  in  corn,  and  there  rested  for  a  short  time. 

"Company  F  had  been  on  picket,  and  now  joined  their  place  in  the 
line.  They  brought  two  prisoners  and  report  that  they  had  killed  four 
others.  All  remained  quiet  for  half  an  hour.  To  our  right  was  a 
thick  woods,  where  the  musketry  firing  began  at  one  o'clock.  We 
moved  into  the  edge  of  the  timber  and  halted.  The  firing  increased 
to  a  tremendous  roar  and  lasted  several  minutes.  Just  at  this  time  a 
number  of  our  regiments  charged  the  enemy  with  a  terrible  yell,  driv- 
ing them  back  some  distance,  and  then  the  order  was  reversed  to  some 
extent,  and  the  roar  of  musketry  increased.  Our  brigade  moved  in 
that  direction  in  quick  time.  Now  General  Whittaker  came  down  the 
hill  and  told  us  to  go  in  on  the  double-([uick,  which  we  did.  When 
we  reached  the  crest  of  the  hill,  we  were  four  or  five  deep,  and  for  a 
brief  time  the  utmost  confusion  reigned,  resulting  from  the  falling 
back  of  the  86th  Illinois,  through  our  ranks.  There  was  a  shower  of 
bullets  flying  in  our  midst  all  the  while,  a  small  tree  keeping  one  from 
s|)oilingmy  hide.  Presently  the  right  of  our  line  seemed  to  give  way, 
and  an  order  was  given  to  fall  back  slowly,  keeping  up  the  fire  as  we 
went.  William  Carpenter  of  my  company  was  shot  through  the  lungs 
but  walked  part  of  the  way  down  the  hill.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  we 
rallied  and  re-formed,  determined  to  have  the  hill  top  in  our  posses- 
sion. In  this  we  succeeded,  and  for  nearly  half  an  hour  it  was  com- 
paratively (juiet  in  our  front.  For  a  time  we  lay  on  our  faces  under 
cover  of  the  hill.  Then  the  contest  was  resumed  with  increased 
vigor.  We  advanced  and  fell  back  by  turns  until  sundown,  when  our 
ammunition  becoming  exhausted,  we  were  com[)elled  to  ([uit  the  field 
and  leave  many  of  our  dead  and  wounded  in  the  hands  of  our  enemy. 
I  confess  my  inability  to  describe  a  battle,  and  I  feel  that  no  pen  can 
do  it  justice. 

"  1  cannot  say  that  I  was  much  excited  or  frightened,  although  my 
comrades  fell  dead  and  wounded  on  either  hand.  The  air  was  thick 
with  smoke,  and  the  trees  seemed  to  bend  and  reel  befijre  the  stf)rm 
of  lead  and  iron. 


Septeml)er, '63,]  History  oj  the  i ijth  O.  /'.  /.  43 


"The  enemy  had  plenty  of  artillery,  and  he  trained  his  guns  uix)n 
us  with  fatal  accuracy.  Under  all  this  we  stood  as  sheep  before  the 
slaughter,  only  yielding  when  ammunition  was  out.  Our  regiment's 
loss  is;  killed,  27  ;  wounded,  98;  missing,  66.  We  fell  back  to  our 
camp  in  the  morning,  pretty  well  fagged  out.  When  we  left  the  field 
our  Company,  (E)  nLUiibered  only  eight  men." 

2J.  Our  forces  have  fallen  back,  and  are  fortifying  on  Mission 
Ridge  to  impede  the  march  of  the  enemy,  aiid  check  him  so  that  the 
shattered  army  can  be  rallied  and  placed  in  a  position  of  defense. 
It  is  not  possible  to  state  the  extent  of  yesterday's  disaster.  Our 
trains  were  sent  during  the  afternoon  of  yesterday  and  last  night 
towards  Chattanooga.  Our  regimeiiUil  tniin  reached  the  city  at  four 
o'clock,  having  been  four  hours  in  driving  .is  many  miles.  The  road 
is  crowded  with  trains  and  troops,  all  disputing  for  the  right  of  way. 
The  regiment  is  on  the  Ridge  doing  its  part  to  hold  the  enemy  at  bay. 
Fighting  continues  to  some  extent,  but  no  general  engagement  has 
taken  place  to-day.  It  is  probable  that  the  enemy  paid  so  dearly  for 
his  victory  of  yesterday,  as  to  be  unable  to  foilow  uj)  his  advantage. 
We  hope  so. 

Last  night  Companies  E  and  F  held  the  skirmish  picket  line  for 
some  time  after  the  main  force  retired,  then  they  fell  back  too,  and  in 
the  afterpart  of  the  night  stacked  arms  with  the  other  companies  in  a 
grove  in  the  northern  part  of  the  city. 

The  wounded  are  being  sent  to  Stevenson  and  other  points  in  our 
rear. 

22.  The  regiment  is  lying  still  to-day.  We  can  hear  the  roar  of 
cannon  in  the  direction  of  Rossville.  Many  reports  of  the  enemy's 
movements  are  afloat.  Moved  our  train  across  the  river  and  jnirked 
on  the  bottom,  half  a  mile  from  the  river. 

2j.  We  are  lying  in  double  column  at  half  distance.  Last  night 
at  ten  o'clock  a  l)risk  fire  occurred  at  the  front,  and  we  were  out  in 
line  ready  for  action.  Quiet  ensued  and  we  again  slept.  Late  this 
afternoon  our  brigade  and  others  crossed  the  river  and  camped  on  a 
high  woody  hill,  called  Stringer's  Ridge,  overlooking  the  river  and  the 
besieged  city.  We  are  a  rusty  looking  army  of  men,  having  had  no 
leisure  to  put  ourselves  and  our  eciuipments  in  order  since  we  left 
Wartrace.  No  rain  has  fallen  this  month,  and  the  dust  is  deep  and 
stifling.  Several  who  were  reckoned  amoifg  the  killed  or  missing  of 
the  battle  on  the  20th,  have  come  in,  and  now  our  loss  falls  below  our 
first  estimate.  One  of  the  curiosities  of  the  engagement  is  CiliatrieUl's 
blanket,  containing  forty-nine  bullet  holes. 


44  Kvcr\-iiay  Soldier  Li/c :  [Stringer's  Ridge 

24.  We  begin  to  be  on  short  rations  for  the  men.  Our  animals  are 
being  fed  by  our  own  efforts  in  gathering  grass  and  fodder  along  the 
river.  'I'lie  men  get  a  limited  supply  of  hard  bread,  meat,  coffee  and 
sugar,  'i'licrc  is  no  real  suffering,  but  the  outlook  for  jjlenty  to  eat  is 
not  good. 

26.  Very  little  seems  to  be  transpiring  between  the  two  armies,  each 
seems  to  be  watching  the  movements  of  the  other. 

W'ent  down  the  river  on  a  foraging  trip,  securing  some  fodder  and 
a  few  ears  of  corn.     Returned  to  camp  with  a  good  appetite. 

27.  Sunday.  Quartermaster  Swisher  went  foraging  with  several 
teams,  and  did  not  return.  I  spent  the  day  liesurely.  Brigham, 
Rannebarger  and  I  sang  a  good  deal  in  the  evening.  Rol.  Reed  and 
I  suffered  the  loss  of  our  knapsacks  by  having  them  stolen  from  our 
tent. 

28.  Swisher  returned  to-day  from  his  foraging  trip.  He  had  been 
out  northeast  fifteen  miles,  and  found  some  corn,  an  article  we  are 
math  in  need  of.         * 

2g.  Took  a  number  of  teams,  including  two  of  our  regimental 
train,  and  went  up  the  river  twenty  miles  for  corn.  We  found  a  large 
field  of  good  corn  near  the  bank  of  the  river.  We  began  loading, 
but  night  came  on,  and  we  stopped  work  and  slept  under  the  wagons 
till  morning. 

30.  Finished  our  loads  and  then  set  out  on  our  return  to  camp. 
We  came  in  late  and  it  was  raining  briskly.  After  a  big  sapper  I 
slept  well,  except  that  the  tent  blew  down  in  the  night  and  disturbed 
our  rest  for  a  time. 


OCTOBER,    1863. 

2.  We  have  had  a  big  rain,  converting  the  dust  into  soft  mud,  but 
it  is  a  change  which  gives  variety.  Dr.  Wilson,  of  the  ist  Ohio  In- 
fantry, has  been  transferred  to  our  regiment  as  Surgeon,  To-day  1 
crossed  the  river  to  the  camp  of  that  regiment  and  hauled  the  Sur- 
geon's effects  over  to  our  camp.  The  new  Surgeon  is  a  sturdy 
bachelor. 

The  regiment  left  camp  at  seven  this  morning  for  Sequatchie  Val- 
ley, a  train  of  three  hundred  wagons  having  been  destroyed  by  the 
enemy.     Of  this  trip  Comrade  Green  writes  as  follows  : 

"  Marched  until  after  midnight,  and  camped  on  the  top  of  a  high 
mountain,  commanding  a  view  of  many  miles,  and  above  other  moun- 


October,  '63.]  History  oj  the  iijlli  O.  /'.  /.  45 

tains  surrounding  it.  The  fog  below  us  at  sunrise  looked  like  a  vast 
lake.     It  was  the  grandest  sight  I  ever  witnessed. 

"The  rebels  have  possession  of  the  road  by  which  we  inarched  to 
Chattanooga  last  month.  This  makes  it  necessary  to  haul  our  sup- 
plies by  a  wagon  route  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  which  makes 
the  trip  fifteen  miles  further. 

"The  train  which  was  destroyed  yesterday  was  insufliciently 
guarded,  and  the  rebels,  finding  this  out  in  some  way,  crossed  the 
river  at  Cotton  Ford,  fell  upon  the  train,  shot  the  mules,  burned  the 
wagons,  and  then  recrossed  to  the  south  side  of  the  river  in  safety. 
The  train  was  loaded  with  commissary  supplies  on  the  way  to  our 
hungry  army.  This  stroke  at  our  stomachs  will  be  felt  many  days 
hence.  I  have  had  but  two-thirds  of  a  cracker  since  five  o'clock 
yesterday,  and  we  must  return  to  Chattanooga  before  we  get  more. 
An  ear  of  corn  in  my  haversack  must  do  for  my  supper.  I  certainly 
think  that  if  old  Job  had  been  a  soldier  he  would  have  used  cuss 
words. 

"  4.  Sunday.  The  reveille  sounded  at  two  o'clock.  We  breakfasted 
on  parched  corn,  ascended  to  the  top  of  the  mountain,  and  moved 
toward  Chattanooga.  At  10  A.  M.  we  countermarched,  and,  re- 
turning to  the  valley,  camped  on  the  same  site  where  we  spent  last 
night.  Just  before  "descending  the  mountain,  two  daring  fellows  of 
th«  3d  Ohio,  being  in  an  orchard  at  some  distance  from  their  com- 
mand, were  dashed  down  upon  1)\  two  rebels,  who  ordered  them  to 
surrender,  (rrabbing  a  stone  apiece,  they  told  the  "  Jonnies  "  that 
they  were  not  used  to  surrendering,  and  that  they  must  ground  their 
weapons  and  surrender.  Strange  as  it  may  seem,  the  rebels  com- 
plied, and  were  marched  into  cam[)  by  their  unarmed  captors." 

5.  The  troops  who  were  sent  to  Seijuatchie  Valley  came  in  this 
evening.  Though  they  had  a  hard  trip  of  it  and  had  very  little  to  eat, 
they  speak  of  the  experience  of  the  scout  in  glowing  terms  of  praise. 

At  the  front  (_[uiet  reigns  in  a  great  measure.  The  pickets  of  the 
two  armies  are  growing  (]uite  intimate,  sitting  about  on  logs  and  dis- 
cussing the  events  of  the  great  battle.  Sometimes  they  exchange 
tobacco  for  coffee  and  make  other  little  trades  of  mutual  benefit.  They 
are  anxious  about  the  result  of  the  approaching  election  in  Ohio.  l<"rom 
our  position,  by  the  aid  of  a  field-glass,  a  signal  flag  can  be  seen  waiving 
to  and  fro  on  Lookout.  It  is  m  the  hands  of  a  rebel  who  is  signaling  to 
the  Confederate  Connnander,  what  he  sees  in  the  valley  below  him. 
Looking  down  into  our  camp  from  his  perch  above  the  clouds,  he  can 
see  every  movement,  and  almost  count  the  guns  in  our  fortifications. 
At  II  A.  M.  the  enemy  opened  on  us  from  their  batteries  on  the  point 
of  Lookout,  and  during  the  day,  till  sunset,  they  ])aid  us  their  cast- 
iron  com[)limenls  in  a  very  unneighborly  way.  ■  .A  shell  entered  the 
door   of    a    dog    tent     near   which   two  soldiers  of    the     iSth    Ohio 


4^  Ere ly -I /ay  SoliUcr-LiJc;       [Kcluni  lu  Siriiiger 

were  standing;,  and  hiiried  itself  in  the  ground.     One  of   them  said 
L^rufily,    " 'I'here,  see  what  nou  get  hv  leaving  \oiir  dot)r  open."   Lieii- 

lenanl  S\vi><her  left  Nesteiilax    for  Stevenson,  liaving  in  charge   eleven 
thousand  horses. 

7.  I  started  with  a  train  of  twenl\  -one  teams  to  .Stevenson,  Alahama, 
tor  supplie-^.  Taking  the  down  river  road,  we  crossed  the  mountain, 
descended  into  the  valley,  camping  sixteen  miles  fn^n  Chattanooga 
and  twenty-eight  miles  from  Stevenson.  The  train  is  in  charge  of 
Lieutenant  John  j.  Mercer,  jSth   Illinois. 

^.  Passed  through  Jasper,  a  small  town  luehe  miles  fn)m  Bridge- 
port, reaching  Stevenson  at  dusk. 

//.  .\.m  still  at  Stevenson.  Lieutenant  (leorge  .McCrea  passed 
through  here  to-da\  on  his  wa\  to  the  regiment.  He  has  been  on 
recruiting  service  in  ( )hio  since  the  regiment  was  at  Franklin.  I  am 
glad  to  see  him  aiid  he  is  glad  to  be  on  the  wa\  to  join  his  comrades. 

I  J.  Our  train  left  Ste\ens()ii  yesterday  morning  and  drove  twentv 
miles  on  its  return  to  the  froiit.  We  are  loaded  with  supplies  lor  man, 
and  beast.  1  write  in  a  sutler  lent  at  the  ba^eof  the  mountain  while 
the  train  drags  its  slow  length  along  up  the  ascent.  A  large  supyU 
train  is  in  our  front  and  the  steejj  and  slippery  mountain  road  make.-> 
our  progress  tedious.  This  is  election  day  in  Ohio.  How  I  would 
love  to  be  in  cami)  that  1  might  \()te  for  John  Brough  for  (iovernor. 
It  is  raining  copiously.  This  is  my  birthdax .  1  was  added  to  the 
population  of  ( )hio  twenty-five  years  ago.  The  \'ote  in  ('ompan\  B 
was  :    for  Brough,  27  ;    Vallandigham,  7. 

/J.  Moved  on.  One  of  our  loads  u[)set  on  the  side  ot  a  declivity 
near  a  stream,  which  is  now  on  a  high  from  recent  rain.  We  cannot 
cross.  Hunted  chestnuts,  butchered  a  bullock,  dried  our  clothes  and 
wailed  for  the  water  to  subside. 

r6.  The  stream  having  fallen  sufticiently,  we  crossed  and  pro- 
ceeded on  our  way.  Began  descending  the  mountain  in  the  after- 
noon. One  wagon  upset,  another  came  uncoupled,  but  all  ended  in 
our  reaching  the  valley,  where  we  parked  four  miles  from  camp  I 
rode  on  in,  for  1  was  homesick  and  wanted  a  letter  fmm  my  wife. 
McC'reagot  in  in  time  to  Note  on  the  thirteenth.  I  can  give  but  little 
of  the  election  news  in  camp.  Polls  were  o[jen  by  companies,  and 
the  \i)ting  lasted  from  10  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  In  Company  K,  R. 
H.  Seely,  1).  H.  Chatfield  and  J.  H.  Oirard  were  chosen  judges;  .\. 
M.  Orafton  and  Isaac  (Ireen,  clerks.  Owing  to  the  absence  of  many 
of  the  men  on  various  duties  beyond  camp,  only  twenty-three  votes 
were  cast :    iirough,  16;    Vallandigham,  7.      No  other  company  of  the 


OclobL-r,  Vjj.J  IJisloiy  oJ  III,    I  ijlh  O.    / '.  /.  47 

regiment  cast  as   heavy  a  vote  for  the  i)eace-on-any-terms  candidate. 

Some  of  the  men  are  down  near  the  river,  west  of  cam]),  procuring 
brick  to  make  a  chimney  for  C\)U)nel  Mitchell. 

The  enemy  built  rafts  of  logs  up  the  river  a  day  or  two  ag(j,  and 
floated  them  down  to  break  our  pontoons.  The  trick  was  discovered 
in  time  to  tow  the  rafts  to  shore  before  thev  accomplished  the  de- 
sign. 

//.  The  impression  prevails  that  we  may  stay  on  Stringer  s(jme 
time  yet,  and  the  men  are  busy  building  huts  and  dug-outs  in  which 
to  live.  Axes,  wedges  and  froes  are  in  demand  to  make  these  chest- 
nut trees  into  logs,  puncheons  and  clapboards  for  building  purposes.' 
With  rude  tools  and  ruder  materials  we  are  putting  up  houses  that 
will  be  very  comfortable,  but  not  very  ornamental. 

18.  Sunday.  Some  are  giving  the  day  a  proper  observance  by 
ceasing  to  work  on  their  houses,  but  many  others  are  falling  trees, 
carrying  logs,  making  boards,  etc.  A  soldier  sees  very  little  of  (iod's 
day  of  rest. 

From  our  camp  we  get  a  fine  view  of  the  river,  the  city,  and  of  our 
main  army  in  their  camps  south  of  Chattanooga.  We  can  see  the 
glimmer  of  their  camp  lires  at  night,  and  during  the  day  the  untiring 
motion  of  the  rebel  signal  post  on  Lookout's  side  goes  on.  Our  bat- 
teries sometimes  toss  shell  and  solid  shot  at  the  feet  and  over  the 
head  of  the  brave  "  Jonnv  "  who  handles  the  signal  flag,  but  he  stands 
at  his  post  with  a  daring  devotion  ei^ual  to  the  boy  who  stood  on  the 
burning  deck.     Grit  is  a  thing  to  be  admired,  even  in  a  rebel. 

Of  a  clear  day  we  can  see  the  camp  of  Bragg's  army  on  Mission 
Ridge  and  stretching  westward  to  the  l)aseof  Lookout.  Such  a  thing 
as  two  great  armies  lying  side  by  side  in  plain  sight  of  each  other, 
each  unable  to  attack  the  other,  is  a  strange  feature  of  the  war. 

2T.  Several  men  of  the  company  iiave  been  out  on  an  independent 
scout  for  something  to  eat.  The)'  found  a  \oung  cow  lied  near  the 
house  of  her  owner,  and  in  trying  to  take  possession  of  her  the\  were 
set  upon  by  two  fierce  dogs,  which  disputed  their  right  to  the  cow. 
P)Ut  the  cow  was  led  to  the  picket  line  b\  a  ro[)e.  She  was  then 
knocked  in  the  head  with  a  hatchet,  and  her  carcass  was  soon  boiling 
in  the  kettles.     The  boys  must  have  beef. 

22.  Lieutenant  Swisher  and  1  start  with  an  empl\  train  to  i'.riilge- 
port,  going  the  river  road.  Ascended  the  mountain  with  great  difii- 
culty  by  doubling  teams  in  i)laces.  Camped  five  miles  from  tlie 
mountain  summit. 


48  Jivciy-ilii\  Soliiici    /.ij<  :  |  Allcr  Supplies 

2j.  Moved  ahead  in  a  heavy  rain.  Just  before  wc  began  the  de- 
scent  wc  iiicl  Cicnciiil  ('iianland  his  attendants  on  their  way  to  Chat- 
tanooga. lUiilt  a  lire  in  a  stable,  anil,  wliilc  waiting  to  descend  to 
the  valle) ,  we  dried  our  clothes.  Reached  the  valley  and  halted  for 
the  night.     \\'ent  to  a  house  and  paid  fifty  cents  for  some  corn  bread. 

24.  After  driving  a  few  miles  several  of  our  teams  became  e.\- 
hausted,  and  we  halted  in  conseciuence.  Kol.  Keed  and  I  proceeded 
ahead  w-ith  his  team  several  miles,  halting  close  to  the  Soldiers' 
Home,  and  near  the  house  of  Mr.  Kell\-.  Lieutenant  Swisher  and 
A.  I.  Powell,  who  had  been  in  advance  looking  for  corn,  returned,  and 
I  accompanied  them  back  to  the  e.xhausted  train.  Here  we  drew  two 
barrels  of  flour,  a  bo.x  of  meat  and  a  bag  of  coffee  of  Lieutenant 
Drake,  who  was  on  his  way  to  Chattanooga  with  a  train  loaded  with 
supplies. 

Returned  with  Swisher  to  where  we  had  left  Reed.  Then,  acce|Jt- 
ing  Kelly's  hos])itality,  we  spent  the  night  in  his  house,  sleeping  on  a 
feather  bed  ! 

25.  Sunday.  Reed  and  I  drove  ahead  with  his  team.  Gathered 
some  corn  in  a  field  by  the  roadsitle,  and  while  feeding  some  to  my 
hor^ic  he  bit  off  the  end  of  my  linger  on  m\  left  hand.  Tied  up  the 
finger  with  the  bat  k  of  Reed's  \esl,  crossed  Seipiatcliie  Creek  on  a 
pontoon,  took  a  hast\  dinner  at  jasper,  drove  on  beyond  Battle  C'reek, 
and  spent  the  night  before  a  lire  in  the  oi)en  air. 

26.  At  Rridgeport.  .Vrrived  here  at  io.\.  .M .  Drew  corn  for  the 
mules  on  the  reipiisition  of  Captain  I'oIUk  k.  Half  rations  is  the 
order  for  the  animals  now,  but  by  doubling  the  number  of  mules  in 
my  train  1  drew  plenty  of  corn.  This  is  the  first  si|uare  feed  they 
have  had  in  a  long  time. 

28.  At  Stevenson.  Came  here  on  a  railroad  train  from  Bridgeport 
this  morning.  Troops  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  are  coming  in  and  pass- 
ing on  to  the  front.  Hooker's  men  wear  better  clothes  than  we  do. 
Saw  General  Hooker  yesterday  for  the  first  time.  He  was  in  the  act 
of  emptying  the  contents  of  a  long  bottle  down  his  throat.  Spent 
the  night  with  J.  S.  McAfee,  of  the  Second  (  )hio.  |oe  was  a  pupil 
of  my  first  school. 

2g.   Returned  to  Hridgepin-t  on  a  train  with  the  66lh  ( )iiio. 


\()  \'  !•:  M  r.  K  K,  1863. 

J.  Started  at  _'  P.  M.  yesterday  on  our  return  to  Chattanooga.    We 
are  camped  at  jasper  for  the  night.     Several  of  the  113th,  who  have 


Nuvcmber,  '63,]  Jlislory  oj  the  iijlh  O.  V.  I.  49 

been  sick  at  hospitals  at  Nashville  and  other  points,  are  of  our  party, 
on  their  way  to  the  regiment.  Sergeant  Horton  read  Alice  Seymour 
to  us  during  the  evening  before  we  slept. 

4.  Being  overloaded,  we  unloaded  several  tents  and  chests  by  the 
roadside,  erected  a  tent,  and  left  the  whole  in  charge  of  James  Hur- 
rigan,  Company  F,  and  Sergeant  C'loud,  Company  A.  Moved  on  and 
met  Lieutenant  Scarritt  on  his  wa\  to  Nashville.  'I'ook  the  obscure 
road  leading  lo  Kelley's  Ferry,  and  halted  some  distance  from  the 
ferry.     Spent  the  night  in  a  sweet  potato  patch. 

5.  Drove  on  to  the  ferry,  but  found  no  means  of  crossing.  Pro- 
ceeded up  the  river,  and,  late  in  the  afternoon,  one  of  our  wagons 
upset  over  a  fence  into  a  garden  close  to  the  river  bank.  Pitched  a 
wall  tent  and  stayed  here  all  night. 

6.  Resumed  our  trip,  following  an  almost  extinct  road  along  the 
river  bank.  Our  weary  train  reached  a  point  four  miles  from  camp 
at  dark,  and  there  halted  for  the  night.  Being  mounted,  I  rode  into 
cain[),  finding  nine  of  iii\   wife's  letters  awaiting  my  arrival. 

W'e  now  have  a  Chaplain.  Rev.  Joseph  Morris  has  been  trans- 
fened  lo  the  iJ3th  from  some  other  field  of  labor.  His  first  sermon, 
preached  last  Sunday,  is  favorabl)  spoken  of.  He  has  made  a  good 
impression  on  the  men  thus  far.  We  have  had  a  sutler  at  times,  but 
at  this  time  there  seems  to  be  a  vacancy  in  that  department. 

7.  Our  brigade  has  been  reorganized.  Colonel  Mitchell  is  again 
in  command  of  the  113th,  and  (ieneni.l  John  Beatty  succeeds  him  in 
command  of  the  brigade. 

The  new  organization  is  as  follows  :  1  13th  ().  V.  I.,  Colonel  John 
(;.  Mitchell;  i2tst  ().  \'.  I.,  Colonel  H.  B.  Banning;  io8th  O.  V.  I., 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Carlo  I'iepho;  98th  O.  V.  1.,  Major  James  M. 
Shane;  3d  C.  V.  L,  Captain  Leroy  S.  Bell;  78th  Ills.  \ .  L,  Colonel 
Van  Vleck;   34th  Ills.  V.  L,  Colonel  Van  Tassell. 

Short  rations  prevail  to  an  extent  that  is  very  distressing.  'I'he  men 
gather  up  and  eat  the  scattered  corn  where  the  mules  eat  their  scanty 
fare.  'I'hey  hover  around  the  commissary  department  and  pick  up 
every  cnumb  that  falls  from  the  bread  boxes.  They  scout  to  the 
country  and  appropriate  to  their  own  use  all  they  can  find  that  is  eat- 
able. The  animals  fare  much  worse  than  the  men.  Hundreds  of 
these  have  starved  to  death,  and  their  carcasses  can  now  be  counted 
by  scores  on  the  river  bottom  and  elsewhere. 

But  a  better  day  seems  at  hand  ;  two  steamers  are  now  pl>  ing 
between  here  and  Bridgeport,  and  our  wagon  trains  are  daily  bringing 
in  food  for  the  hungry.  The  men  appear  to  bear  their  hardships  with 
4 


5©  livcry-i/iiy  Soldiir  JJj,  :        [  '  'ip  l<>  liridgcporl 


cheerfulness,  and  their  faith  in  the  good  time  coming,  seems  unshaken. 

Now  that  Rosecrans  has  been  displaced,  and  his  command  placed 
in  other  hands,  the  soldiers  are  iiKpiiring  into  the  causes  that  brought 
it  about.  They  conclude  that  the  old  hero  has  been  doing  too  well, 
and  that  tlxe  Administration  does  not  want  a  man  in  command  who 
does  all  that  can  be  done  to  end  the  war.  The  adoring  soldier  points 
to  the  time  when  Rosecrans  took  Command  of  his  army,  and  to  the 
long  list  of  successful  actions  and  campaigns  which  drove  the  defiant 
enemy  from  his  stronghold  in  K.entucky,  to  his  late  position  beyond 
the  line  of  Tennessee.  Having  shared  in  the  crimson  glory  of  his 
lirilliant  record,  they  are  now  willing  to  share  in  his  unjust  humilia- 
tion. 

g.  Started  with  two  teams  for  Bridgeport,  and  am  now  halted  for 
the  night  at  South  Side  Coal  Mines.  The  recent  engagements  on 
Lookout  Mountain  have  opened  a  new  and  better  way  to  Bridgeport. 
VV^e  now  cross  the  river  near  camp,  and  travel  the  road  by  which  we 
first  marched  to  Chattanooga.  One  of  my  teams,  driven  by  Ben. 
Anderson,  gave  out  early  in  the  day,  and  I  sent  him  back  to 
camp.  The  remaining  one  is  driven  l)y  J.  E.  Buzzard.  Slept  on  a 
feed  trough  before  a  fire,  suffering  with  cold.  One  of  the  mules, 
Bogus  by  name,  made  his  final  kick  ;  that  is,  he  died,  during  the  night. 

lo.  Reached  Bridgeport  at  2  P.  M. 

13.  At  Stevenson.  Came  here  from  Bridgeport  this  morning  on 
business  for  Lieutenant  L.  S.  Windle  of  the  113th.  Expect  to  return 
to-night. 

14.  At  Stevenson.  Came  here  from  Bridgeport  on  the  cars  last 
night.  Quartermaster  Scarritt  is  here,  and  thinks  I  had  best  not 
start  for  the  front  till  to-morrow.  Bought  a  $7.00  hal  and  made  plans 
for  starting  early. 

15.  Sunday.  Pulled  out  early,  going  towards  Battle  Creek,  but 
learning  that  a  pontoon  crossing  the  creek  had  been  taken  up,  we  re- 
turned to  Bridgeport,  crossed  the  Tennessee  and  reached  Shellmound 
before  dark,  giving  me  an  opportunity  to  explore  the  celebrated  Nick- 
iejack  Cave.     This  is  eight  miles  from  Bridgeport. 

17.  Our  train  reached  Whiteside  yesterday  evening,  and  to-day  we 
landed  in  camp  with  better  loads  and  with  much  less  difficulty  than 
by  the  former  route.     Several  letters  await  me. 

"Lookout  Mountain  resembles  a  straw  rick  in  appearance,  a'huge 
straw  rick,  mind  you,  beginning  about  nine  miles  southwest  of  Chat- 
tanooga, running  up  by  a  gradual  slope  to  within  two  miles  of  the 
city,  where  it  assumes  nearly  a  perpendicular  stop,  overhanging  the 


November,  "63.  J  Ilisioiy  oj  //!<■  JJJih  O.I.J.  51 

town,  almost,  at  the  height  of  thirty-four  hundred  feet.  On  the 
highest  point  an  immense  rock  hangs  out  as  if  to  threaten  destruc- 
tion to  everything  in  the  valley  below.  On  this  overhanging  rock 
the  enemy  have  siege  guns  planted.  These  guns  are  daily  belching 
their  disi)leasure  at  our  camps  south  of  the  city,  or  at  the  troops  of 
Hooker,  westward. 

"Brown's  Ferry  is  the  name  of  a  crossing  of  the  river  three  miles 
below  the  city,  where  we  have  a  pontoon,  and  where  we  have  been 
for  some  time  co.istructing  a  landing  for  our  boats  which  ply  between 
here  and  Bridgeport.  On  account  of  the  rebels  holding  Lookout 
Mountain,  our  boats  cannot  yet  run  up  lo  the  city,  and  are  compelled 
to  discharge  their  loads  at  Brown's  Ferry.  The  river  is  so  low  now 
that  no  boats  have  been  up  since  Sunday,  but  they  are  said  to  be 
running  up  as  far  as  'Kelley's  Ferry,'  six  miles  below  here."     [G.] 

"  Rations  were  issued  to-day  at  the  following  rate :  two-thirds 
bread,  whole  rations  of  coffee,  half  of  sugar.  If  we  could  get  beans 
or  hominy  now  and  then,  neither  would  be  thrown  away  as  we  used 
to  do  when  full  rations  of  various  articles. were  issued."     [G.] 

18.  "To-day  wt  had  issued  to  us  some  articles  furnished  by  the 
Christian  Commission.  These  consisted  of  needles,  pins,  thread, 
pens,  handkerchiefs,  snatch  bags,  combs,  &c.,  &c.  We  have  often 
needed  such  things,  but  this  is  the  first  time  we  have  ever  received 
them,  which  is  a  strange  fact.  -Some  of  these  articles  are  accom- 
panied by  patriotic  letters  addressed  to  the  soldier  by  the  donor. 
Being  almost  entirely  out  of  money,  and  having  no  means  of  procur- 
ing supplies  of  this  kind,  the  soldiers'  expressions  of  appreciation  of 
these  kind  tokens  are  abundant  and  genuine.  After  dinner  Spotty 
and  I  took  some  coffee  and  went  to  the  country  to  barter  for  some 
corn  bread.  Two  miles  from  camp  we  found  a  house  inhabited  by  a 
number  of  women.  They  were  lean,  lank  and  shabbily  clad  and 
exhibited  little  signs  of  intelligence.  We  bolted  into  the  house,  the 
inmates  telling  us  to  take  seats.  There  were  only  two  unoccupied 
seats;  Spotty  made  for  the  better  one,  leaving  one  for  me  which  had 
very  little  bottom,  and  which  kept  going  down,  down,  down,  as  1  put 
my  weight  upon  it.  Modesty,  coupled  with  the  forbidding  appear- 
ance of  things  in  the  house,  kept  us  from  making  known  the  object 
of  our  visit.  The  women  were  addicted  to  tobacco  and  a  number  of 
children  shared  in  the  general  stpialor  of  the  household.  It  is  now 
after  night  and  my  bunk  mates  are  abed.  The  pen  in  which  we  live 
deserves  a  description.  It  is  built  of  logs  which  cost  us  no  little 
labor,  for  we  cut  them  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  and  carried  them  to 
the  summit  of  the  ridge.  It  is  six  logs  high,  the  gable  being 
'boarded'  with  pine  branches  woven  together  so  as  to  turn  the  rain  to 
some  extent.  The  roof  consists  of  our  shelter  tents  stretched 
tightly  in  the  shape  of  a  roof.  The  door  and  chimney  are  in  the 
northeast  end,  the  latter  being  constructed  of  sticks  and  mud,  and  is 
a  success.  The  furniture  consists  of  a  stool,  bench,  table,  cupboard 
and  bedstead.  The  bench  is  built  on  four  legs  driven  into  the 
ground,   and   is   immovable.      Our  cupboard  is  a  cracker  box  sus- 


t'lvi-iv-ihxx  Soliiifi    Ia/c  :       \  I'lciKirins^  to  Movf 


pended  by  a. rope  from  n  nail  in  the  wall.  'I'hc  bedstead  is  built  on 
four  forks,  supportinjj;  a  i)latf()rni  of  small  jioles,  u|)on  which  i> 
s|)read  our  bedding  materials.  'I'hese  consist  of  leaves,  brush  and 
blankets.  We  have  two  plates,  two  spoons,  two  knives  and  a  long- 
necked  bottle. 

"We  were  insjjected  to-day  by  (leneral  bcalty,  <nir  new  brigade 
commander.  The  General  makes  a  good  impression  on  the  rank  and 
file  of  his  command.  Ours  is  now  the  2d  Brigade,  2d  Division,  14th 
A.  C."     \i\.\ 

22.  Sunday.  This  afternocju  wo  received  four  months'  pay.  I 
have  now  been  paid  Ijy  the  (iovernment,  as  follows  :  .\t  Zanesville,  $47; 
Portland, $58.50;  Franklin, $52  ;  Shelbyville,!!|;26;  Chattanooga, $5 2.05; 
total,  $265.55.  '^^'^  includes  $77  bounty.  We  are  allowed  $42  worth 
of  clothing  a  year.  We  are  on  the  eve  of  some  important  movement, 
and  our  brigade  has  been  ordered  to  be  ready  to  move  at  any  time. 
Howard's  command,  the  Eleventh  Corps,  has  crossed  llie  pontoon 
next  to  the  city,  and  is  taking  position  to  the  south.  A  number  of 
ofhcers  and  enlisted  men  crossed  the  river  to  Chattanooga  for  the 
purpose  of  sending  money  to  their  homes.  .  by  some  means  not  yet 
e.\])lained.  Sergeant  Lafayette  Parr,  ('omi)aii\  1'",  was  drowned.  His 
bodv  was  not  recovered. 

2j.  We  were  up  at  three  o'clock  making  preparations  for  the  day's 
work.  The  noise  of  rebel  trains  can  be  heard  beyond  the  Ridge,  and 
the  rebels  seem  to  have  an  intimation  of  an  attack.  An  artillery  and 
infantry  engagement  took  i)lace  during  the  afternoon,  and  lasted  till 
dusk.  As  night  came  on,  Mission  Ridge  was  lighted  up  with  the 
flash  of  the  guns  of  the  enemy,  and  their  ]irolonged  roar  echoed 
through  the  valleys.  We  expect  to  take  ;i  hand  in  the  game  to- 
morrow.     We  are  still  on  Stringer's  Ridge. 

24.  Our  division  moved  at  4  A.  M.,  going  up  tlie  ri\LM-  to  Claldwell's, 
near  the  mouth  of  Chickamauga  Creek.  Here  a  pontooii  spanned 
the  Tennessee,  but  there  were  many  troops  in  our  front,  and  we  did 
not  cross  till  neady  2  P.  M.  The  division  took  a  position  nearly 
half  way  from  the  river  to  Mission  Ridge,  stacked  arms,  and  listened 
to  the  preliminary  music  of  an  approaching  great  conflict. 

25.  Much  more  has  transpired  to-day  than,  1  can  hope  to  write. 
We  took  u])  a  position  half  a  mile  closer  to  the  Ridge,  where  we  lay 
all  day,  while;  the  terrible  conflict,  which  had  been  pending  for  days, 
went  on.  At  four  o'clock  in  the  aftern(X)n  the  noise  of  the  conflict 
indicated  to  us  that  the  enemy  had  been  driven  froin  his  stronghold 
on  Mission  Ridge,  and  that  the  day  had  been  a  Chickamauga  to  our 
enemies.      \\'e  rested  on  our  ;irms  awaiting  ortlers.      Night  came  on. 


November,  '63. J  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  53 

Late  in  the  afternoon  I  went  with  Brigham  with  a  load  of  rations, 
nnd  issued  to  the  men  as  they  lay  at  the  base  of  the  Ridge.  From 
my  position  on  Stringer  I  viewed  the  events  of  the  day;  saw  the 
blue-coated  lines  as  they  marched  in  solid  phalanx  to  meet  the 
enemy;  saw  the  smoke  of  the  guns  of  Bragg's  veterans,  as  they  sent 
a  deadly  welcome  to  their  advancing  foe ;  saw  the  invincible  columns 
of  the  Union  as  they  ascended  the  side  of  the  Ridge,  and  heard  ihc 
shouts  of  victory  as  the  Confederates  fell  back  in  full  retreat.  Oh 
for  a  pen  or  tongue  that  could  depict  it. 

26.  The  Division  moved  at  one  o'clock  this  morning,  crossed  the 
Chickamauga  and  gave  pursuit  to  the  retreating  army.  The  First 
Brigade  of  the  Division  was  in  the  advance,  the  second  next.  At 
Chickamauga  station,  at  day  light,  we  came  in  sight  of  the  rear  of 
their  army,  and  our  brigades  formed  in  line  to  attack  them,  but  they 
retreated  and  we  halted  for  lireakfast.  Vast  quantities  of  stores  were 
burning  at  the  depot,  including  a  pile  of  corn  meal  the  size  of  a  hay 
stack.  During  the  afternoon  the  order  of  pursuit  was  changed  and 
the  second  brigade  took  the  head  of  the  column,  driving  the  enemy's 
rear  guard  until  night  came  on,  when,  as  we  neared  Graysville,  a 
brigade  of  the  enemy,  under  command  of  General  Manny,  made  ;i 
stand  and  for  some  time  disputed  our  advance.  The  contest  lasted 
about  an  hour,  after  which  the  enemy  withdrew.  During  the  forenoon 
I  loaded  some  rations  for  the  officers  of  the  regiment,  and  in  the  com- 
l)any  of  George  W.  Brigham,  started  to  reach  the  command,  and  not 
finding  them  where  we  had  left  them  yesterday,  we  started  on  after 
them,  passed  Chickamauga  station,  and  at  night  camped  in  a  deserted 
rebel  camp.     Brigham  returned  to  our  camp  on  Stringer. 

27.  'i'he  second  brigade  moved  in  the  advance,  reached  Igou's  Val- 
ley, near  Ringgold,  Creorgia,  and  camped.  The  team  which  1  had 
loaded  with  rations  for  the  officers  made  such  slow  progress  behind  so 
many  trains  and  batteries,  that  I  had  the  driver  turn  it  to  one  side 
and  halt.  We  then  unhitched  the  mules,  and  packing  the  load  upon 
the  mules  we  pressed  on,  leaving  the  road  and  taking  to  the  woods 
and  fields  on  either  side.  In  this  manner  we  reached  the  regiment 
and  issued  our  load  to  the  hungry  officers,  many  of  whom  will  never 
kno.w  at  what  sacrifice  it  was  accomplished.  Started  to  return  to 
Stringer,  but  meeting  Ikigham  on  his  way  to  the  regiment  with  rations, 
1  turned  back  with  him,  and  after  driving  ahead  till  long  after  dark, 
we  halted  and  slept  in  a  meeting  house,  called   "  Hurricane  C^iurch." 

28.  At    2  A.  M.  Ikigham   and    I   movefl    ahead    with  our  supplies, 


54  Rvery-day  SoUict  JJfc :  [On  to  Knoxville 

icachinii;  the  <aniii  of  ihc  i  i.:5th  before  duyliglit,  and  l)ef()re  they   had 
risen  from  sleeu.      Issued  to  tlie  men  and  started  to  return  to  Strinj^er. 


MAR<  il    TO   KN'OWILLK. 

The  author,  being  assigned  to  duty  which  ])ertained  to  the  bringing 
of  supplies  from  Bridgeport  and  Stevenson,  did  not  accompany  the 
regiment  on  the  Knoxville  campaign.  The  following  account  of  it  is 
furnished  by  Comrade  Isaac  Green  : 

28.  The  division  remained  camped  in  Igou's  Valley  during  the  fore- 
noon, a  heavy  rain  falling.  At  noon  we  marched  in  an  easterly  direc- 
tion, going  four  miles,  then  halted  for  orders. 

2g.  Sunday.  We  marched  in  the  direction  of  Knoxville,  made  a 
distance  of  twenty-four  miles  and  camped  near  Cleveland,  Tennessee. 

30.   Marched  fifteen  miles  and  camjjed  a  mile  from  Charlestown. 


DECEMB?:R,    1863. 

/.  Wailed  pari  of  the  day  for  supplies,  and  when  ihey  arrived  they 
consisted  of  middlings,  of  which  we  made  batter  and  baked  into  cakes. 
Passed  through  Charlestown,  marched  twelve  miles  and  camped. 

2.  We  continue  to  move  in  the  direction  of  Knoxville.  Passed 
through  Mount  Verb  during  the  afternoon.  l')istance  traveled,  twenty 
miles. 

J.  Marched  fifteen  miles  and  camped  at  Sweetwater  River,  four 
miles  from  Loudon. 

4.  Marched  at  daylight,  passing  tlirough  Loudon  at  7  A.  M.,  and 
hurried  forward  u])  the  river  seven  miles  to  a  place  where  we  are  plan- 
ning to  cross. 

5.  We  remain  at  a  halt  to-day.  W'e  have  been  marching  through 
a  well  imjjroved  country,  and  the  inhabitants  give  evidence  of  loyalty 
to  the  Union  by  many  expressions  of  joy  upon  our  approach.  Now 
and  then  the  flag  of  our  country  is  to  be  seen  floating  from  a  staff  in 
a  door  yard,  and  the  people  crowd  to  the  road  and  watch  our  column 
with  open-mouthed  wonder.  Several  of  the  men  stopped  at  a  house 
recently  and  asked  the  proprietor  for  something  to  eat.  He  stoutly 
averred  that  he  had  nothing,  but  the  Yankees  opened  the  cupboard, 
and  appropriated  milk,  potatoes  and  molasses  in  abundance. 

6.  Sunday.  Crossed  the  river  and  passed  through  Morgantown  on 
the  opposite  side.  Here  we  were  met  by  a  courier  bearing  the  news 
that  Longstreet  had  been  repulsed  at  Knoxville,  and  that  further  effort 
to  reach  and  assist  our  forces  there  would  be  unnecessary.  Our  camp 
is  in  Monroe  county,  bordering  on  the  line  of  North  Carolina.    A  citizen 


December,  '63,]  History  0/  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  55 

joined  himself  to  Company  H  yesterday,  and  asserts  his  iiitention  of 
becoming  a  member  of  the  113th.       [Kimbro  ?] 

7.  Started  at  9  A.  M.,  and  marched  seventeen  miles  m  the  direction 
of  Chattanooga.  Passed  through  Madisonville  at  2  P.  M.  This  is  a 
neat  little  village  of  sixty  or  seventy  houses.  Our  custom  has  been 
to  rest  five  minutes  every  hour  during  the  day,  and  half  an  hour  at 
dinner;  but  to-day  we  have  been  cut  short  of  rest  almost  entirely. 
We  have  a  pot  of  mush  boiling  for  supper,  and  1  am  too  hungry  to 
wait  for  it  to  get  well  done.     Who  wouldn't  be  a  soldier? 

8.  Marched  at  daylight,  made  twenty  miles,  and  Ciimped  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  Columbus,  Polk  county.  During  the  day  a  family 
passed  us  on  their  way  to  the  North.  The  lady  divided  a  churn  full 
of  salt  among  us  soldiers,  an  act  of  real  kindne.-.s  on  her  part.  A 
Ray,  Company  E,  then  stole  a  piece  of  meat  from  her  wagon,  and 
made  off  with  his  booty.  This  coming  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Pro- 
vost Marshal,  Ray  was  tied  to  a  tree  till  the  brigade  passed.  He  was 
afterwards  tied  to  an  artillery  carriage  and  labeled  with  the  word 
"Thief,"  and  marched  six  miles  in  that  condition.  Served  him 
right. 

g.  \\'e  remained  camped  while  a  bridge  is  being  put  across  the 
Hiawasse  at  this  point.  A  bridge  was  burned  by  the  rebels  last  week 
here,  and  must  be  replaced.     Company  E  went  on  picket. 

15.  The  several  days  of  our  stay  in  this  one  place  have  made  us 
anxious  to  be  on  the  move.  We  started  at  an  early  hour,  and, 
marching  a  northeasterly  course,  crossed  the  Chestna  River,  instead 
of  the  Hiawasse,  as  we  had  expected.  Then,  taking  a  southwest- 
erly course,  we  crossed  the  Hessefon  about  noon,  marched  eight 
miles  further,  and  camped,  having  made  twenty-two  miles  in  all. 

16.  Have  marched  twenty-one  miles  to-day,  and  are  now  iii  camj) 
at  McDonald's  Gap,  a  miserable  place  in  a  mountain  range.  Reached 
here  long  after  dark  in  a  heavy  rain.  It  was  no  trifle  to  build  a  fire 
and  prepare  our  suppers  in  such  a  rain  as  this.  And  now.  at  a  late 
hour,  I  make  this  record.  How.'  Well,  I  throw  my  gum  blanket 
over  my  head,  making  a  shelter  for  my  writing  materials,  leaving  a 
space  for  the  camp  fire  to  shine  in  on  my  pai^er.  Often  I  write  in 
this  manner  the  events  of  the  day. 

/"/.  We  have  marched  thirteen  miles  to-day,  and  are  now  camped 
on  the  Chickamauga,  six  miles  from  Chattanooga,  and  on  a  hill.  It 
is  distressingly  cold.  1  shudder  to  think  how  we  are  to  spend  the 
night,  for  we  are  shivering  with  cold  and  aching  with  pain. 

18.  Marched  at  noon,  and  reached  Chattanooga  at  4  P.  M.  The 
pontoon  is  broken,  and  we  cannot  cross  to-night  to  our  camp.  I 
spent  the  night  with  my  only  brother  at  the  camp  of  the  94th  ().\M. 

/p.  The  troops  crossed  at  daylight,  and  occupied  the  old  camp  on 
Stringer's  Ridge,  from  which  they  moved  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  last 
month.  The  men  are  ragged  and  jaded,  many  of  them  being  without 
shoes.  It  is  like  getting  home  to  be  again  in  our  sliantics,  and  to 
know  that  we  are  to  have  a  rest.     [G.] 


g6  Evciv-(hi\  Si)l,/i(i   Liji-  :  |Siriii^cr".s  l\idj;i- 

20.  Three  months  apj  to-thiy  the  great  conflict  took  place  at 
(hickamauga.  Many  of  our  wounded  have  returned  to  duty,  and  a 
great  i  hange  has  taken  phue  in  affairs  hereabouts.  'I'he  myriads  (jf 
rebel  tents  that  dotteil  the  (  ountry  south  of  here  are  pitched  many 
miles  further  south;  Bragg  no  longer  makes  his  morning  salutes  from 
Lookout. 

"  While  on  the  Knoxville  march  1  saw  but  two  country  churches, 
one  a  log  and  the  (jther  a  frame.  Saw  one  school  house  and  heard  of 
another.  bulging  bv  wliat  1  saw  of  the  citizens  they  know  very 
little  concerning  the  uses  to  which  school  houses  are  put.  Many  of 
the  women  use  tobacco,  and  few  of  ihcm  are  handsome,  according  to 
mv  ideas  of  beauty. 

"  One  da)'  I  stop[)ed  at  a  house  with  a  view  of  getting  something 
to  eat.  One  of  the  women  began  talking  to  nie  of  hard  living,  bush- 
whacking, &c.  She  held  in  her  arms  a  small  child,  which  she  kissed 
freiiuentl)',  while  the  juice  of  tobacco  ran  down  over  her  chin  in  a 
manner  which  destroyed  my  apj)etite.  Fearing  she  might  grow 
familiar,  and  want  to  kiss  me,  I  left  the  house.  1  next  stopped  at  a 
house  occupied  by  an  old  lady  who  was  so  ignorant  she  could  not  tell 
nic  whi(  It  was  east  or  west,  nor  how  far  it  was  a  mile  ahead."      lO.j 

Sergeant  HaUichu  lias  been  appointed  to  the  position  of  (Juarier- 
master  Sergeant. 

2^.  We  spent  our  Ohristnias  a  year  ago  in  Camp  Dennison.  'I'hat 
was  a^  dull  as  llii>.  ()ur  thougiits  take  a  retrospect  of  years  giJne 
by,  when  this  anniversary  brought  together  our  friends,  and  when 
feasting  and  festivity  were  on  the  program.  We  iuive  no  turkeys  antl 
pot-pies;  no  claret  and  champagne  to  cheer  us  on  the  occasion. 
But  we  must  be  content  with  hart!  liread  and  fat  meat.  After  this 
cruel  war  is  over  we  will  make  up  for  the  deliciencies  of  to-da\ . 
Who  can  tell  what  the  coming  year  has  in  store  for  us,  or  where  we 
will  be  this  date  next  year.' 

'W\()  of  our  regimental  team>  ha\  e  been  turned  o\  er  to  the  brigade 
train,  and  we  are  now  on  the  eve  of  vacating  this  camp. 

26.  '['he  brigade  moved  across  the  river  into  Chattanooga,  thence 
in  a  sinitheasterly  direction,  beyond  Mission  Ridge,  and  camped  near 
a  church  sometimes  called  McAfee's  Chapel.  This  is  in  Catusa 
County,  Oa.  It  has  rained  much  during  the  day,  and  the  surround- 
ings do  not  impress  us  favoral)l\  with  the  new  camp.  We  are  to  go 
into  [jermanent  <|uarters  here  for  the  winter.  On  our  way  hither  we 
saw  many  things  to  remind  us  of  tiie  Confederate  army — villages  of 
log  luits,  graves  of  the  fallen,  clothing,  redoubts  and  miles  of  riHe- 
jjits. 


JaniKiry,  '64.J  History  oj  the  ujlliO.  /'.  /.  57 

27.  Sunday.  As  soon  as  it  was  light  the  men  began  active  prepa- 
rations to  construct  quarters.  A.xes  and  hatchets  were  kept  busy  in 
cutting  trees  and  preparing  l)uilding  materials.  Though  the  rain  fell 
in  uncomfortable  profusion,  the  work  went  on  uninterrupted.  I 
returned  to  Stringer's  Ridge  with  the  teams  to  bring  forward  some 
materials  which  we  could  not  haul  yesterday.  Spent  the  night  in 
Brighani's  quarters  with  A.  Kanneberger,  RoUin  Keed  and  Isaac 
Slocum. 

28.  Lett  the  Ridge  witli  Ranneberger's  two-horse  wagon,  crossed 
the  Tennessee  in  a  swing  boat,  and  returned  to  the  regiment.  The 
work  of  building  quarters  progresses  rapidly.  Slept  with  Lieutenant 
Scarritt  and  F.  M.  Riegel  in  the  iiuarterma^ter's  tent. 

2g.  Spent  part  of  the  da)-  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  ALtchell,  out  in  the 
country.  Returning  to  camp,  I  found  an  order  relieving  me  from  duty 
as  wagon  master,  and  instructing  me  to  report  to  my  company  for  duty. 
I  have  been  detached  since  June  5th,  and  have  seen  enough  hard 
work  in  that  time  to  make  this  a  welcome  order. 

31.  The  113th  marched  and  relieved  tlie  75th  Indiana  Infantry,  at 
a  bridge  crossing  Chickamauga  ("reek,  live  miles  in  an  easterly  course 
from  our  cam]).  Companies  K  and  ( '■  went  on  duty  at  once.  'I'he 
other  companies  put  up  tenq)orar\-  cpiarters  It  turned  ver\'  cold 
during  the  afternoon  and  evening. 

Isaac  Green,  M.  Huddleston,  Wm.  C.  Hriniiun,  John  \\  ilson,  James 
().  Kite  and  I  were  posted  near  the  house  of  Mrs.  Simpson,  and  at  a 
vacant  blacksmith  shop,  in  which  we  have  a  big  fire.  The  old  struc- 
ture is  well  ventilated,  and  if  cool  air  and  plenty  of  it,  is  a  good 
thing,  we  are  fortunate. 


J  A  N  U  A  R  \' ,    I  8  6  4  . 

/.  This  is  the  coldest  day  we  have  ever  felt  in  liie  service.  It  is 
with  difficulty  that  we  keep  from  suffering,  i  occupied  a  place  in 
Mrs.  Simpson's  house  while  writing  a  letter  to  Mrs.  McAdams.  Mrs. 
Simpson's  family  consists  of  the  mother,  three  unmarried  daughters, 
a  married  daughter,  a  c(,)lore(l  woman  an<l  several  children.  They 
are  open  reljels,  but  their  treatment  of  us  has  been  rather  courteous 
than  otherwise.  The  male  head  of  tlie  family  is  supi)()sed  to  be  with 
Bragg's  army. 

A  year  ago  to-day  we  were  at  Louisville,  Kenluck),  and  hail  seen 
very  little  of  hard  service.  We  think  now  we  are  pretty  well  broken 
5 


58  Eviiy-Uay  SoUiii  Liji  :  [Sluilluw  l-'ord 

in,  for  the  year  1863  has  given  us  a  taste  of  about  all  that  pertains  to 
the  life  of  a  soldier. 

The  retrospect  of  the  past  year  shows  that  steady  progress  has 
been  made  toward  putting  down  the  rebellion,  and  it  can  safely  be 
predicted  that  another  year  will  close  its  eyes  in  death. 

2.  The  cold  is  not  so  intense.  We  still  hold  our  position  at  the 
bridge,  and  our  post  of  duty  at  the  blacksmith  shop  is  not  an  un- 
pleasant one.  The  single  men  at  the  post  have  joined  pleasure  with 
duty,  and  guarding  and  sparking  goes  on,  first  at  the  shop,  then  at 
the  house. 

(ireen  procured  an  oven  of  Mrs.  S.,  and  has  been  baking  our  flour 
into  buscuits  during  the  day.  He  is  a  good  baker  as  well  as  a  good 
soldier.  The  mail  came  out  this  evening.  The  Simpsons  all  ate 
with  one  knife  to-day,  for  some  of  our  thieving  soldiers  stole  their 
knives  and  forks.  This  was  reijorted  to  our  regimental  commander, 
and  a  guard  was  placed  at  the  house  to  protect  the  inmates  from  loss 
and  insult.  These  women  deserve  better  treatment  than  they  have 
received. 

3.  Sunday.     The  weather  moderates. 

"  I  was  on  guard  from  9  to  1 1  A.  M.,  and  had  more  fun  than  at  a 
goose  ])icking.  Our  ambulance  driver  has  no  feed  for  his  horses,  and 
Major  SuUivant  ordered  that  some  bran  in  the  cellar  of  Mrs.  Simpson's 
house  be  appropriated  for  the  animals.  The  driver,  instead  of  pro- 
ceeding to  take  the  bran,  went  into  the  smoke  house  for  salt.  One 
of  the  girls,  seeing  this,  fastened  him  in  as  a  prisoner  of  her  powerful 
strategy.  She  then  released  him,  advising  him  to  ask  for  what  he 
wanted  in  the  future.  He  then  expressed  his  intention  of  taking  the 
bran,  but  the  girl  intercepted  him  at  the  cellar  door,  braced  herself 
against  it,  and  defied  him  to  go  in.  'I'he  driver  called  to  me  for 
assistance.  This  placed  me  in  an  awkward  predicament,  but,  after  ex- 
hausting my  art  of  persuasion  on  her,  I  took  hold  of  her  pouting  form 
and  boosted  her  away  by  main  strength.  It  was  something  of  a  hug- 
scuffle,  and  a  source  of  mutual  enjoyment.  We  thought  our  victory 
complete,  but  judge  of  our  surprise  when  Miss  S.  stepped  into  the 
cellar,  fastened  the  door  from  the  inside,  leaving  the  driver  and  me 
on  the  outside.  To  hoist  the  door  off  its  hinges  was  the  next  thing 
to  do.  This  we  did,  and  the  girl  bounded  out  of  the  cellar  into  the 
house,  denouncing  us  as  thieves  of  the  lower  type.  We  got  the 
bran."    [G.] 

6.  Shallow  Ford  is  the  name  of  the  point  where  we  have  been  on 
duty  for  several  days  past.  We  were  relieved  this  morning  by  the 
85th  Illinois  Infantry,  and  returned  to  our  camp  near  Rossville.  It 
has  been  raining*  for  several  days.     Although   Mrs.  Simpson  and  her 


January,  '64,]  History  0/ the  ujth  O.  V.  J.  59 


daughters  are  out-and-out  rebels,  we  evidently  made  a  good  impres- 
sion upon  them,  for  they  admitted  that  the  men  of  the  113th  treated 
them  better  than  the  soldiers  who  were  on  duty  there  before  us. 
(ireen  thinks  that  he  and  the  girl  he  imprisoned  in  the  cellar  parted 
on  good  terms. 

From  "The  Citizer.  Soldier,"  by  General  Jolm  Beatty,  I  make  the 
following  extracts  : 

"  My  quarters  are  in  the  State  of  Tennessee,  those  of  my  troops  in 
Georgia.  Just  a  moment  ago  I  asked  Wilson  the  day  of  the  week, 
and  he  astonished  me  by  saying  it  was  Sunday.  It  is  the  first  time 
I  ever  passed  a  Sabbath  from  daylight  to  dark  without  knowing  it.  .  . 

"  1  am  ijuartered  in  a  log  hut.  A  blanket  over  the  doorway  ex- 
cludes the  damp  air  and  the  cold  blasts.  There  are  no  windows,  but 
this  is  fortunate,  for  if  there  were,  they,  like  the  door,  would  need  cov- 
ering, and  blankets  are  scarce.  The  fireplace,  however,  is  grand,  and 
would  be  creditable  to  a  castle. 

"  The  forest  in  which  we  are  camped  was,  in  former  times,  a  ren- 
dezvous for  the  blacklegs,  thieves,  murderers,  and  outlaws  generally, 
of  the  two  states,  Tennessee  and  Georgia.  An  old  inhabitant  informs 
me  he  has  seen  hundreds  of  these  persecuted  and  proscribed  gentry 
encamped  about  this  spring.  When  an  officer  of  Tennessee  came 
with  a  writ  to  arrest  them,  they  would  step  a  few  yards  into  the  State 
of  Georgia  and  laugh  at  him.  So,  when  Georgia  sought  to  lay  its 
official  clutches  on  an  off"ending  Georgian,  the  latter  would  walk  over 
into  Tennessee  and  argue  the  case  across  the  line.  It  was  a  very 
convenient  spot  for  law-breakers.  To  reach  across  this  imaginary 
line  and  draw  a  man  from  Tennessee,  would  be  kidnapping,  an  insult 
to  a  sovereign  state;  and  in  a  states  rights  country  such  a  procedure 
could  not  be  tolerated.  Requisitions  from  the  governors  of  Georgia 
and  Tennessee  might,  of  course,  be  procured,  but  this  would  'take 
time,  and  in  this  time  the  offender  could  walk  leisurely  into  Alabama 
or  North  Carolina,  neither  of  which  states  is  very  far  away.  In  fact, 
the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  these  desperadoes,  in  this  locality, 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  has  prevented  its  settlement  by  good  men, 
and,  in  consequence,  there  are  thousands  ot  acres  on  which  there 
has  scarcely  been  a  field  cleared  or  a  tree  cut 

"  VVHiat  a  country  for  the  romancer!  Here  is  the  dense  wilderness, 
the  Tennessee  and  Chickamauga,  the  precipitous  Lookout  with  his 
foothills,  spurs,  coves  and  waterfalls.  Here  are  cozy  little  valleys 
from  which  the  world,  with  its  noise,  bustle,  confusions  and  cares,  is 
excluded.  Here  have  congregated  the  bloody  villians  and  sneaking 
thieves;  the  jjlumed  knights,  dashing  horsemen,  and  stubborn  infan- 
try. Here  are  the  two  great  battlefields  of  Ghickamauga  and 
Mission  Ridge.  Here  neighbors  have  divided  and  families  separated 
to  fight  on  questions  of  national  i)olicy.  Here,  in  short,  everything 
is  supplied  to  the  poet  but  the  invention  to  construct  the  plot  of  his 
tale,  and  the  genius  to  breathe  life  into  his  characters 


f>o  F.vtrv-iiay  Soli/itr  Life:  |  Kun>.\  ille,  Ga. 


"Some  l)enevolcnt  gentleman  slioiild  suggest  a  sanitary  fair  lor  the 
henelit  t)f  the  disabled  horses  and  mules  of  tlic  I'ederal  ariii\. 
There  is  no  suffering  so  intense  as  theirs.  Tlu-y  are  driven  witli 
whij)  and  spur  on  half  and  quarter  food,  until  they  drop  from  ex- 
haustion, and  then  abandoned  to  die  in  the  mud  hole  where  they  fall. 
At  l\irker's  Ciap,  on  our  return  from  'i'ennessee,  I  saw  a  poor,  white 
horse,  that  had  been  rolled  down  the  hill  to  get  it  out  of  the  road. 
It  had  lodged  against  a  tree,  feet  uppermost;  to  get  \ip  the  hill  was 
impossible,  and  to  roll  down  certain  destruction,  ."^o  the  poor  brute 
lay  there,  looking  jjitiful  enough,  his  big  frame  trembling  with  fright, 
his  great  eyes  looking  an.xiously,  imploringly  for  help.  A  man  can 
give  vent  to  his  sufferings,  he  can  ask  for  assistance,  he  can  find 
some  relief  in  crying,  praying,  or  cursing;  but  for  the  poor  exhausted 
and  abandoned  beast  there  is  no  help,  no  relief,  no  hojje. 

"To-day  we  picked  up  on  the  battlefield  of  C'hickamauga  the 
skull  of  a  man  who  had  been  shot  in  the  liead.  It  was  smooth, 
white,  and  glossy.  A  little  over  three  months  ago  this  skull  was  full 
of  life,  hope,  and  ambition.  He  who  carried  it  into  battle  had, 
doubtless,  mother,  sisters,  friends,  whose  happiness  was,  to  some  ex- 
tent, dependent  upon  him.  They  mourn  for  him  now,  unless,  possi- 
bly, they  hope  still  to  hear  that  he  is  safe  and  well.  Vain  hope. 
Sun,  rain,  and  crows  have  united  in  the  work  of  striiJjMng  the  flesh 
from  his  bones,  and  while  the  greater  part  of  these  lay  whitening 
where  they  fell,  the  skull  has  been  rolling  al)0ut  the  field,  the  sport 
of  the  winds.  This  is  war,  and  amid  such  scenes  we  are  supi)Osed 
to  think  of  the  amount  of  our  salary,  and  of  what  the  newspapers 
may  say  of  us." 

7.  Lieutenant  Swisher  started  home  on  ;i  furlough. 

8.  Half  an  inch  of  snow  fell  last  night.  Flour  has  been  issued 
to  us  of  late  insteatl  of  bread.  We  can  make  batter  cakes  and  bis- 
cuits that  will  pass  inspection,  and  delight  the  inner  man,  but  baking 
light  bread  is  one  of  the  lost  arts. 

g.  Our  quarters  are  now  com])leted,  and  a  description  of  the  one 
in  which  I  am  cpiartered  ought  to  be  recorded  : 

It  is  ten  by  fourteen  in  its  dimensions,  seven  feet  high,  and  covered 
with  our  own  make  of  clapboards.  The  door  end  stands  to  the  west 
and  the  door  oi)ens  outward.  The  chimney  is  also  in  the  west  end. 
The  east  gable  has  a  six-light  window,  filled  with  glass  eight  by  ten. 
Our  bunks  extend  from  the  window  toward  the  fire,  leaving  a  space 
to  the  right  for  the  table,  which  is  a  homely  affair.  Four  three-legged 
stools  fill  the  place  of  chairs,  and  are  real  handy  things  to  have 
around.  \Ve  have  christened  our  house  "Metropolitan  Hall,"  the 
name  being  in  large  letters  over  the  door  outside.  The  dedication 
look   place  in  due  form,  several    iinited  guests  being  present,  all  of 


January,  '64.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  61 

whom,  togetlier  with  the  proprietors,  took  the  oath  several  times.  All 
we  lacked  in  the  ceremonies  was  a  brass  band  and  something  more 
to  eat. 

Notvvithstandi.ng  our  comfortable  quarters  we  do  not  sleej)  warm  of 
nights.  We  get  up  in  the  night  and  warm  l)y  the  fire,  and  then  re- 
turn to  our  bunks  to  sleej). 

Stratton  and  I  went  to  the  country,  and  [)rocured  two  haversacks 
full  of  unbolted  flour  and  two  candles,  for  which  we  paid  seventy- 
five  cents.  After  our  return  to  camp  we  baked  some  biscuits,  and 
ate  breakfast,  dinner  and  supper  all  in  one  meal.  We  have  struck 
upon  a  plan  of  keeping  a  feed  store  on  a  small  scale.  Some  of  our 
comrades  wanted  to  buy  some  bread,  and  we  sold  them  all  we  could 
spare,  and  the  money  thus  realized  will  be  invested  in  supplies 
again. 

10.  Sunday.  Chaplain  Morris  distributed  some  reading  matter 
among  the  men,  our  mess  receiving  "The  Religious  Telescope." 

//.  The  loth  Illinois  Infantry,  camped  near  us,  started  home  on 
veteran  furlough.  Stratton  and  I  went  to  their  cam])  and  bought 
some  culinary  outfit.  We  then  went  into  the  country,  and  paid  a 
Miss  Conner  $3  for  six  dozen  biscuits.  Paid  Mrs.  Lomineck  %i  for 
ten  candles.  Returned  to  camp  and  ate  three  suppers.  Sergeants 
Souder  and  Flowers  made  us  an  evening  visit,  and  the  Hall  rang 
with  the  voice  of  song.  A  rumor  has  been  in  circulation  to  the  effect 
that  our  feed  store  business  had  failed,  and  to  deny  the  statement  we 
posted  on  the  outside  of  the  shanty  door  the  following: 

N  0  T  1  c  E. 
"  T/iis  firm,  ivhich  was  recently  reported  as  haviiii^  failed,  lias  recov- 
ered from  its  embarrassment,  and  is  mm'  doim^  a   cash  luisiness.      All 

claims  ai^ainst  ns  luill  nxm.!  he  promptly  cashed. 

METROPOUTAX  HAL/.:' 

14.  Procured  a  pass  for  (Ire en  and  myself.  Went  out  to  a  mill  on 
Chickamauga  Creek,  where  we  tried  to  buy  breadstuff  for  our  feed 
store.  Failing  in  this,  we  retraced  our  steps  till  we  came  to  Mrs. 
Mitchell's,  where  we  bought  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  biscuits  for 
$5.  Returning  to  camp,  we  sold  oift  in  a  few  minutes,  making  a 
l)rofit  of  $9.60.  The  cars  run  to  Chattanooga  to-day,  the  first  time 
since  our  army  has  been  in  i)ossession  of  the  city. 

15.  Went  on  picket  one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  camj),  taking  the 
jjlace  of  Sergeant  H.  C.  Scott.      Lieutenant  McCrea  had  charge   of 


62  Evcry-iiay  Si>lJicr-Li/e :  [Rossvillc,  Ga. 

llic  post.  \Vc  li;i(l  ;i  ;j,()()(l  lire  al  tlic  reserve  post,  and  our  stay  of 
twenty-four  hours  was  rather  pleasant  than  otlierwise.  Dress  parade 
has  again  been  introduced.  'F'hink  we  had  dress  parade  at  W'artracc 
last,  before  this. 

U'e  now  have  company  drill  from  lo  to  11:30  A.  M.;  battalion  drill 
from  2:30  to  4  V.  M.  A  regimental  guard  has  been  jnit  on,  antl  alto- 
gether we  have  time  to  cut  a  little  wood  and  cook  our  rations  between 
duties. 

When  1  get  conmuind  of  this  department  things  will  be  different. 
1  will  see  that  everv  enlisted  man  has  a  brigadier  general  to  cook  and 
wash  for  him. 

18.  The  pickets  were  on  the  alert  last  night  more  than  usual,  and 
an  extra  com|)any  was  sent  out  to  strengthen  the  line,  but  nothing 
was  seen  of  the  looked  for  enemy. 

Seely  has  been  out  in  the  country  for  supplies.  He  brings  twenty- 
four  dozen  biscuits,  for  which  he  paid  .il;!  2.  The  Metrojxjlitan  mess 
has  now  a  cash  basis  of  $30. 

One  hundred  and  seventy  rebel  deserters  reported  to  General  Beatty 
to-day  at  his  headtpiarters  in  camp.  They  are  tired  and  want  to  go 
home.     I  wish  they  would  all  do  that,  don't  you.-' 

Took  Seely 's  place  on  picket  to-day,  the  post  being  under  command 
of  Captain  A.  L.  Messmore.  Captain  M.  is  from  Fayette  county,  O. 
and  is  a  fine  looking  and  good  officer.  1  slept  with  him,  and  listened 
to  his  experience  in  Kansas. 

20.  (ireen  is  on  picket  again.  Seems  to  me  he  does  more  duty 
than  any  man  in  the  camp.  Seely  and  I  went  out  to  Mrs.  Mitchell's 
to  rei)lenish  our  stock  of  provisions.  Paid  $4  for  sixty-six  biscuits, 
and  $6  for  a  ream  of  paper. 

21.  The  unarmed  men  of  the  113th  were  marched  to  Chattanooga, 
six  miles,  and  received  their  arms  and  equipments.  1  accompanied 
the  party  and  drew  a  Springfield  rifle  for  myself.  Bought  $4.20  worth 
of  ink. 

22.  The  113th  has  only  nine  companies  in  the  service.  For  some 
months  jjast  a  number  of  men  have  been  recruiting  for  the  tenth 
company,  and  to-day  a  number  of  the  new  men  arrived  in  camp,  and 
were  (juartered  temporarily  with  the  other  companies.  Of  these, 
Booker  R.  Durnell  and  John  W.  Walker,  were  made  welcome  at  the 
"  Hall." 

25.  Came  off  of  picket  at  9:30  A.  M.  Found  an  express  box  in 
cam])  from  home.  It  contained  a  great  coat,  an  army  blanket,  a  pair 
of  boots,  a  lot  of  stationery,  dried  peaches,  dried  ap])les,  green  apples. 


February,  '64.  J  His  lory  oj  Ihc  1  ijtli  O.  I'.  J.  63 

canned   peaches,  two  pair  socks,   apple  butter  and  fifteen    postage 
stamps.     Now  we  will  live  like  brigadiers  while  these  supplies  last. 

2J.  Camp  life  has  grown  monotonous,  but  drill  duties  give  it  s(Mne 
variety.  We  are  expecting  to  march  soon,  and  are  holding  ourselves 
in  readiness.  We  gave  a  sui)per  at  the  Hall  this  evening.  Our 
guests  were  Captain  John  Bowersock,  LieutenaiU  (ieorge  McCrea, 
Milton  G.  Doak,  John  Snyder,  John  H.  Walker,  Booker  R.  Durnell, 
R.  H.  Seely,  Milton  L.  Stratton,  Isaac  (ireen  and  myself  Didn't 
we  have  a  lively  time .'      Distributed    the  me.-i>   fund,  each  receiving 

;fii5-82. 

28.  The  Brigade  marched  early  this  morning  in  the  direction  of 
Ringgold.  Took  dinner  near  Chickamauga  C'reek,  one  and  a  half 
miles  from  Ringgold.  Rested  forty-five  minutes,  marched  a  mile 
down  stream,  crossed  a  bridge,  passed  through  the  town,  and  halted 
for  the  night  half  a  mile  south  of  town.  (Ireen,  Stratton  and  I  sle[)t 
on  a  brush  heap. 

2q.  Breakfasted  early,  and  at  daybreak  we  about-faced,  and  re- 
turned to  our  Rossville  camp  at  2  P.  M.  The  object  of  our  trip  was 
to  ascertain  the  position  and  strength  of  the  enemy  >uulh  o'i  Ring- 
gold. 

J/.  Lieutenant  Swisher,  who  has  been  home  on  furlough,  joined 
the  regiment  to-da\'.  Deserters  from  the  rebel  army  are  coming  in 
daily,  in  scjuads  and  singly.  The)'  give  a  doleful  account  of  the  sit- 
uation in  rel)eldoni. 


I-  !•;  IJR  L'AR  V.    1  8O4. 

J.  Started  to  Jasper,  Tenn.,  iu  company  with  John  Cloud,  Com- 
pany A,  to  bring  forward  to  the  regiment  some  goods  which  I  leU 
thefe  several  months  ag(j.  These  were  four  mess  chests,  a  wall  leiu 
and  a  hospital  tent  fly.  Procuring  a  pass  of  Ceneral  Beatty,  wc 
reached  Chattanooga  the  same  evening,  spending  the  night  with 
friends  in  the  camp  of  the  Second  Ohio. 

4.  Crossing  the  Tennessee  on  the  swing  ferr\ ,  we  ju-occetled  down 
right  bank  to  Kelley's  Landing,  and  spent  the  night  at  liie  house  of 
one  David 'McNab.  The  boys  of  the  Third  Ohio  camped  near  the 
landing  were  having  a  dance  at  this  house  the  same  evening.  .\nd 
such  a  dance ! 

J.  Cloud  remained  at  the  house  of  McNab,  while  the  son,  Alex., 
accompanied  me  with  a  team   to   Jasper.      Reaching  our  destination. 


64  Eviry-tlay  SoUiti   /aJi  ■  [I'yncr,  I'cnn. 


uc  loadcil  iIk-  baggage  and  started  on  our  return.  Reaching  the 
house  of  a  Mr.  .Starling,  a  l)rt>tlier-in-hi\v  of  McXah,  we  spent  the 
night. 

6.  Readied  Kelle) 's  l,anding  at  ;>  l'.  M-.and  placed  our  goods  in  a 
house  on  ihe  hank  of  the  Tennessee.  Spent  the  night  with  McN'ah. 
He  is  a  clever  Union  man,  ami  has  suffered  much  at  rebel  hands. 

~.  Ferried  our  baggage  lo  the  ojjposite  side,  pitched  our  tent  on 
the  sand  near  ib.e  river,  and,  procuring  transportation  papers  of  C'ap- 
taip.  1..  S.  IJell,  of  the  Third  ( )hi(j,  we  waited  for  a  boat. 

8  At  9  V.  M.  last  night  the  steamer  Chattanooga  touched  at  the 
landing,  on  her  wa\  up,  antl,  hurrying  our  goods  on  board,  we  were 
soon  moving  on. 

1  )avlight  found  us  but  a  short  distance  above  the  landing,  and  during 
the  day  we  passed  two  places  in  the  river  which  were  difficult  to  nav- 
i'^ate.  At  one  of  these  a  rope  was  thrown  ashore,  one  end  ot  which 
was  carried  up  stream  and  fastened  to  a  tree;  the  other  end  was  fast- 
ened to  a  caijsail  on  the  bow  of  the  boat.  Then  by  means  of  lever 
power,  the  boat  is  wouiid  up  the  stream.  .\t  tlie  otlier,  the  UKjre  diffi- 
cult of  the  two,  there  are  constructed  on  shore  above  the  si/c/^,  two 
windlasses  or  crabs,  b\-  means  of  which  the  boat  was  pulled  through. 
She  ran  so  near  the  bank  on  one  side  that  1  c:()uld  have  stepped  ofl 
very  easily. 

Reaching  Chattanooga  at  j;  I'.  M.  we  stored  our  goods  and  pro- 
ceeded to  camp  to  fmd  that  the  i  i  5th  had  moxcd  yesterda\  to  !')  ner, 
a  distance  of  ten  miles  in  an  easterly  direction.  We  hnd  in  the  old 
camp  a  few  men  of  the  regiment  who  were  left  behind  in  charge  of  some 
things  which  coukl  not  be  taken  along  with  the  troops  when  they 
marched. 

10.  All  the  men  set  out  to  join  the  command  at  T\  ner.  Riegel 
and  1  rode  ahead  and  halted  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Simpson,  at  Shal- 
low Ford.  They  seemed  pleased  to  see  us.  Reached  our  regiment 
at  3  1'. 'M.  Tvner  is  nine  miles  trom  Chattanooga,  and  is  a  small 
station  on  the  Fast  Tennessee  and  (Georgia  railroad. 

I  find  C.reen  at  work  putting  the  finishing  touches  on  a  rail  pen 
which  is  to  be  our  quarters.  Feter  baker,  who  was  wounded  at  (^hick- 
amauga,  and  who  returned  to  duty  siiu  e  I  left  on  the  third,  is  in  the 
pen  with  the  minTii)s.  The  situation  is  not  inviting  by  any  means, 
but  is  a  little  belter  than  nothing.     Tyner  is  in  Hamilton  county. 

//.  The  men  are  busy  at  their  cpiarters.  We  raised  ours  higher 
and  finished  the  chimney,  but  it  is  not  as  comfortable  as  iSietropolitan 


February,  '64.  |  Jlislory  0/  llif  njlli  O.  V.  I.  65 

Hall.     \W.  have  to  stand  to  arms  of  a  morning  one  hour  before  day- 
light.    This  is  a  plan  of  discipline,  but  not  a  means  of  grace. 

Captain  Nichols,  Sergeant  Grafton,  E ;  William  Brunk,  H  ;  H.  B. 
Briley,  G;   and  P.  H.  Whitehead,  B  ;  started  to  Ohio  on  special  duty. 

15.  Somebody  raided  the  sutler  last  night,  and  Sergeant  Barber,  of 
Company  K  and  I,  made  an  unsuccessful  search  for  a  clue  to  the  thief. 
Have  been  in  the  service  eighteen  months,  and  to-day  1  start  on  the 
second  half  of  my  three  years. 

16.  Picketed  northeast  of  camp,  the  post  being  in  charge  of  Lieu- 
tenant McCrea,  of  the  113th,  and  a  lieutenant  of  the  78th  Illinois. 
We  suffered  from  cold,  notwithstanding  we  burned  all  the  rails  within 
our  reach.  Troops  are  marching  in  great  numbers  in  the  direction 
of  Knoxville.  John  H.  Johnson,  Henry  McAlexander  and  James  O. 
Kite  were  on  duty  with  me. 

General  John  Beatty  has  resigned  his  commission,  and  will  return 
to  civil  life.     His  farewell  address  is  as  follows : 

"  IIeadijuarters  2d  Bkigadk,  2(1  Division,  14th  Army  Corps,  )^ 

February  9,  1863.       ) 

"  I  desire  to  announce  to  you  that  nearly  one  month  ago  I  tendered  the  resig- 
nation of  my  position  in  the  army,  and  to-day  have  received  ofiicial  notice  of  its 
acceptance.  I  am,  therefore,  no  longer  your  commander.  In  separating  from 
the  brigade  with  which  I  have  been  connected  for  the  past  four  months,  I  desire 
to  oft'er  my  sincere  than.vs  to  the  officers  and  men  for  the  numerous  manifesta- 
tions of  kindness  to  myself,  and  for  that  soldierly  conduct  which  has  rendered 
my  associations  with  them  must  agreeable.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  refer  to  the 
reasons  that  have  induced  me  to  return  to  civil  life.  It  may  be  proper,  however, 
to  say  that  I  entered  the  army  in  April,  1861,  have  been  through  the  working 
j)art  of  three  years,  and,  in  resigning  my  position,  entertain,  undiminished,  that 
faith  and  confidence  in  the  final  triumph  of  the  Union  cause  with  which  I  first 
entered  the  army. 

"Lieutenant  Colonel  Carter  Van  Vlcck,  78th  Illinois  X'olunteers,  assumes 
command.  My  acquaintance  with  his  character  as  a  soldier  and  a  man  satisfies 
me  that  I  shall  leave  the  management  of  the  brigade  in  competent  and  faithful 
hands,  and  that  you  will  have  no  cause  to  regret  the  change.  Trusting  the  time 
will  soon  come  when  you  can  be  permitted  to  return  to  your  homes,  and  enjoy 
in  peace  the  rewards  to  which  your  great  sacrifices  and  your  gallant  conduct 
entitle  you.  I  bid  you  farewell.  JOHN   Beattv, 

Brigadier  General." 

This  announcement  creates  universal  regret  throughout   the  entire 
brigade.     The  General   is  held   in  great  esteem   by  officers  and  men, 
and  no  one  (piestions  the  motives  that   pronijjt   him  to  retire  to  civil 
life. 
6 


66  Jiviiy-day  Soldier  Life :  [Tyner,  Tenn. 

IJ.  Rockwell  H.  Sccl\.  ni\  messmate,  received  his  discharge  from 
the  service  to-day,  and  will  soon  be  homeward  hound.  The  grounds 
for  his  discharge  are  general  ilebility  and  the  total  loss  of  his  voi<  e. 
'Ihe  regiment  received  new  shelter  tents.  The  weather  is  disagree- 
ably cold  and  a  high  wind  prevails. 

2J.  The  division  marched  from  'I'yner  at  5:15  I'.  M.  going 
southerly.  \Wi  i)a(ked  all  our  effects  and  have  an  understand- 
ing that  we  are  not  to  return.  My  load  consisted  of  two  woolen 
blankets,  one  rubber  blanket,  one  great  coat,  one  rubber  coat,  one 
pair  trousers,  one  shirt,  one  ])air  drawers,  tw-o  pairs  socks,  one  piece 
of  tent,  haversack  full  of  rations,  gun  and  eiiuipments.  I  was  over- 
loaded and  will  march  lighter  another  time.  Reached  Ringgold, 
fourteen  miles  distant,  at  midnight.  Halted  in  the  suburbs  of  town 
and  rested  till  morning.  Company  K,  being  unaniied,  remained  in 
camp. 

24.  Reveille  sounded  long  before  daylight,  and  preparing  and  eat- 
ing a  hasty  breakfast,  we  awaited  orders.  Moved  at  8  A.  M.  and 
took  up  a  position  in  Thoroughfare  Gap,  a  mile  south  of  Ringgold. 
Here  we  formed  in  line  near  a  bridge  which  crosses  the  Chickamauga. 
Some  fighting  can  be  heard  in  the  direction  of  Tunnel  Hill,  eight 
miles  further  south. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  1).  B.  Warner,  who  has  been  absent  for  some 
time,  joined  the  regiment. 

25.  Our  brigade  marched  back  to  Ringgold  and  halted  in  the  sub- 
urbs. The  men  demolished  fences  and  outbuildings  to  procure  lum- 
ber for  temporary  quarters.  When  the  war  is  over  the  owners  of  the 
property  thus  desjxjiled  will  have  plenty  of  leisure  to  rebuild  it  again. 
We  leave  a  black  mark  wherever  we  go  nowadays.  Colonel  Mitchell, 
who  has  been  home  on  leave  of  absence,  joined  the  regiment  to-day. 
James  O.  Kite  and  I  visited  a  widow  in  town,  and  bought  a  %\o  bill 
C.  S.  money  for  %\  in  Lincoln  money.  The  husband  of  this  woman 
was  killed  at  Fort  Donelson.  Our  forces  engaged  the  enemy  near 
Dalton,  fifteen  miles  from  here.  Some  of  our  wounded  are  being 
sent  back  this  far.     Company  E  went  on  picket  north  of  town. 

26.  Major  Sullivant  surprised  our  picket  post  by  riding  up  to  us, 
unannounced,  finding  some  of  us  asleep  and  without  equipments  on. 
He  seemed  displeased  at  it.  Company  B,  Lieutenant  John  W.  Kile, 
relieved  us,  and  our  company  joined  the  regiment.  Lieutenant 
Chas.  Sinnet,  4th  Battalion,  Pioneer  Brigade,  is  here.  This  is 
Catoosa  County. 


February,  '64.]  History  0/  the  iljtii  O.  V.  I.  67 

27.  The  command  remained  quiet  at  Ringgold.  Our  troops  who 
have  been  to  the  front  at  Dalton,  are  now  returning.  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Warner  takes  command  of  the  regiment. 

28.  Sunday.  At  9:30  A.  M.  we  took  up  our  line  of  march  toward 
Chattanooga.  Halted  three  miles  from  Ringgold  and  spent  the  night 
in  the  woods.  A  fire  broke  out  in  the  dry  leaves  in  camp  and  a 
lively  time  ensued. 

2g.  Marched  at  2:10  P.  M.,  reaching  our  old  camp  at  Rossville 
late  in  the  afternoon.  Our  quarters  here,  from  which  we  moved  on 
the  7th  inst.,  are  still  standing.  Men  of  the  regiment,  who  did  not 
march  with  us  from  Tyner,  came  here  two  days  ago  and  had  some 
things  prepared  for  us  upon  our  arrival.  Corporal  Baker,  who  is  to 
take  Seely's  place  in  the  mess,  having  recovered  of  the  mumps,  has 
the  hall  warm  and  cozy.  He  had  a  warm  welcome  and  a  good 
supper  for  us.     It  rains. 


TENTING    ON    THE    OLD    CAMP    GROUND. 

We're  tenting  to-night  on  the  old  camp  ground, 

Give  us  a  song  to  cheer 
Our  weary  hearts,  a  song  of  home 

And  friends  we  love  so  dear  ! 

Chorus. 
Many  are  the  hearts  that  are  weary  to-night, 

Wishing  for  the  war  to  cease; 
Many  are  the  hearts  looking  for  the  right, 

To  see  the  dawn  of  peace  ; 
Tenting  to-night,  tenting  to-night, 

Tenting  on  the  old  camp  ground. 

We've  been  tenting,  to-night,  on  the  old  camp  ground, 

Thinking  of  the  days  gone  by  ; 
Of  the  loved  ones  at  home,  that  gave  us  the  hand, 

And  the  tear  that  said,  Good-bye  ! — Chorus. 

We  are  tired  of  war  on  the  old  camp  ground  ; 

Many  are  dead  and  gone, 
Of  the  brave  and  true,  who've  left  their  homes; 

Others  have  been  wounded  long. — Chorus. 

We've  been  fighting  to-day  on  the  old  camp  ground  ; 

Many  are  lying  near — 
Some  are  dead,  and  some  are  dying — 

Many  are  in  tears  I — 

Chorus. 
Many  are  the  hearts  that  are  weary  to-night, 

Wishing  for  the  war  to  cease , 
Many  are  the  hearts  looking  for  the  right, 

To  see  the  dawn  of  peace : 
Dying  to-night,  dying  to-night. 

Dying  on  the  old  c.imp  ground. 


68  Every-day  Soldirr  Life :  |  kossville,  (in. 

M  A  KC  H,    I  S64. 

/.  The  Paymaster  ])aicl  us  %2(i  each  lo-day.  What  to  do  with  such 
a  pile  of  money  is  a  grave  question.  Recruits  are  coming  in  for  the 
different  companies.  They  have  good  clothes,  large  knapsacks  and 
unsatiable  appetites.  This  is  a  bad  i)lace  for  a  man  who  has  too 
much  appetite. 

5.  A  rumor  prevails  in  camp  that  a  force  of  the  enemy  is  at  Lee 
&  Ciordon's  Mills,  south  of  here.  We  have  prepared  two  day's  rations, 
and  expect  to  go  out  to  see  them  to-morrow,  (ireen  has  been  sick, 
but  is  at  his  meals  again. 

6.  Sunday.  We  were  in  line  Ijefore  day;  then  stacked  arms 
and  ate  breakfast.  Instead  of  marching  we  had  general  inspection, 
occupying  two  hours  or  more.  Later  in  the  day  a  copy  of  "  The 
Christian  I'.anner  fell  into  \\\\  hands.      In  it  I  find  the  following: 


LEAVE  ME  AND  SAVE  TIIK  FL.^G. 

"Captain  J.  M.  Wells  was  slain  in  the  battle  of  the  20th  of  Septeiul)er,  in 
North  Georgia.  He  was  a  Christian  gentleman  and  a  noble  patriot,  as  well  as  a 
brave  soldier.  His  funeral  was  preached  in  Wesley  (M.  E.)  Church,  Columbus, 
Ohio,  by  his  pastor,  Rev.  Joseph  M.  Trimble. 

"  In  the  sermon  reference  was  made  to  his  company  bearing  the  flag  of  the 
regiment.  When  Captain  Wells  was  shot.  Sergeant  W.  P.  louder  led  him  out 
of  the  ranks  and  seated  him  at  the  foot  of  a  tree,  giving  him  water  once  or  twice. 
The  Captain  urged  the  Sergeant  to  leave  him  and  protect  the  flag.  On  returning 
to  look  after  his  wounded  captain,  he  found  him  looking  at  a  daguerreotype  pic- 
ture of  his  wife  and  babes.  This  picture,  with  his  watch  and  sword,  he  deliv- 
ered to  his  friend,  requesting  him  to  send  them  with  his  body  to  his  family, 
telling  them  he  died  as  a  Christian  and  a  soldier.  Tiie  narration  prompted  from 
an  officer  present  the  following  lines: 

'  Leave  me  and  save  the  glorious  flag  I 

We'll  conquer  or  we'll  die, 
And  in  our  God  we'll  put  our  trust, — 

The  God  who  rules  on  high  ; 
And  he'll  jirotect  the  good  old   flag 

That's  floating  to  the  weather. 
The  glorious  flag — the  stars  and   stripes — 

Shall   wave  and   wave   forever. 

'  Leave  me  to  die,   ye  noble  boys ; 

Defend  your  country's  cause  ; 
Maintain  the  Union  of  the  States, 

The  Constitution.    Laws. 


March,  '64.]  History  of  the  Jijth  O.  /'.  /.  69 

Protect  the  flag,  our  country's  flag ; 

Still  float  it  to  the  weather. 
The  glorious  flag — the  stars  and  stripes — 

Shall  wave  and  wave   forever. 

'Farewell,   my  wife  and  prattling  babes; 

It's  hard  with  you  to  part ; 
I  feel  my  life-blood  flowing  fast ; 

Death's  chill  is  on  my  heart. 
But  leave  me,  boys,  and  raise  the  flag. 

Still  floating  to  the  weather. 
The  glorious  flag — the  stars  and  stripes— 

Oh  I   may   it   float  forever,'  "  L.  V.  B. 

Columbtn,  O.,  Nov.  I,  1863. 

8.  Captain  John  Bowersock  started  home  on  a  twenty-day  fur- 
lough. The  picket  was  re-enforced  last  night  in  anticipation  of  an 
attack.  Peach  trees  are  in  bloom.  Sam  Bishop  will  start  home  to- 
morrow. 

ij.  Sunday.  Major  Sullivant  inspected  the  regiment  to-day.  An 
agent  of  the  Christian  Commission  preached  a  good  sermon  for  us. 
Now  and  then  we  get  a  taste  of  Sunday.  We  now  have  five  hundred 
and  sixty-three  enlisted  men. 

/J.  Bought  fifty  candles  of  a  member  of  a  Michigan  battery,  pay- 
ing $3.25  for  them.  Had  general  inspection  by  Captain  David  E. 
Roatch,  98th  O.  V.  1. 

The  arrival  of  our  regimental  band  this  evening  created  a  sensa- 
tion in  camp.     The  band  is  organized  as  follows  : 

Leader,  Edward  Schellhorn ;  Second  Leader,  Clark  W.  Cottrell ; 
First  B  Flat,  Henry  Pfoutch ;  Second  B  Flat,  Thomas  E.  Shepherd ; 
First  E  Flat  -Alto,  Nicholas  Shimmel ;  Second  E  Flat  Alto,  Jeremiah 
Bair;  Third  E  Flat  Alto,  Raper  Ellsworth;  First  Baritone,  John 
Wolf;  Second  Baritone,  Henry  Sillbach;  B  Bass,  John  M.  Hemphill; 
First  Contra  Bass,  Daniel  R.  Taylor;  Second  Contra  Bass,  Martin 
Leonard;  Bass  Drum,  Joseph  H.  Newcomb;  Snare  Drum,  Joseph 
Low;  Cymbals,  Richard  Schellhorn. 

j6.  Captain  A.  L.  Shepherd,  First  Lieutenant  William  H.  Baxter, 
and  Sergeant  Monroe  Elliott,  Company  K,  arrived  in  camp  and  re- 
ported for  duty.  Ivich  of  these  men  has  seen  service  in  the  66th 
O.  V.  L 

Sanitary  supplies  were  distributed  to  us  to-day  by  lot.  Creen  held 
a  winning  ticket,  and  drew  the  articles  named  below  : 

A   gilt-edged  Testament,   two    tracts,  four   sheets   of  paper,   five 


^0  Evcry-iiay  SoUiicr  Life  :  \  Rossvillc,  (ia. 

envelopes,  one  pencil,  skein  of  thread,  paper  of  tea,  piece  of  court- 
plasier,  piece  of  soap,  pai)er  of  pei)i)er,  paj^er  of  cloves,  package  of 
loaf  sugar,  ball  of  yarn,  fine  comb,  pin  cushion,  a  dozen  pins,  four 
needles  and  a  postage  stamp.     'I'hese  were  accom[)anied  by  a  letter, 

which  is  here  appended  : 

East  Hampton,  October  z'i,  1863. 

Dear  Soldier. — AUhough  you  are  a  stranger  to  me,  I  thought  I  would  write 
you  a  short  letter  to  send  with  the  comfort  bag  I  have  been  making  for  you.  I 
hope  these  things  1  have  put  in  it  will  add  a  little  to  your  comfort.  If  they  do, 
I  shall  he  very  glad  I  made  it.  A  gentleman  who  belongs  to  the  Christian  Com- 
mission came  and  spoke  to  us  about  the  soldiers,  and  wanted  our  Sabbath  School 
to  make  some  comfort  bags  and  send  to  them.  So  our  class  of  eight  little  girls 
have  made  over  thirty.     We  hope  they  will  do  some  good. 

I  have  some  dear  friends  in  the  army,  and  feel  an  interest  in  all  the  soldiers, 
and  I  often  pray  for  them.  Do  you  love  Jesus,  and  do  you  love  to  pray  to  him  ? 
I  hope  you  do,  for  /  love  him,  and  he  is  the  best  friend  I  have.  I  hope  you 
love  to  read  about  his  life,  and  that  you  will  read  my  Testament  which  I  .send 
you,  and  that  you  will  try  to  live  as  he  wants  you  to.  I  hope  God  will  spare 
your  life  and  bring  you  to  your  home  again  ;  but  if  he  sees  best  to  have  you  die, 
far  away  from  home  and  friends,  I  hope  Jesus  will  be  with  you  then,  and  hope 
we  may  meet  in  heaven.  1  wish  you  would  answer  my  little  letter,  if  you  can 
find  time  to  do  so,  and  tell  me  something  about  yourself.  I  send  an  envelope, 
directed  right.     And  now  a  kind  good-bye.     From  your  little  friend, 

Anna. 

22.  Snow  has  been  falling  during  the  night  and  is  now  ten  inches 
deep.     The  following  shows  how  it  is  done  on  picket : 

Headquarters  2d  Brigade,  2d  Division,  14th  Army  Corps.  "(^ 
Camp  near  Rossville,  Ga.,  March  8,  1863.  j 
Circular — 

All  guards  will  fall  in  at  the  approach  of  officers.  Grand  guards  will  pre- 
sent arms  to  general  officers,  to  colonels  commanding  brigades,  to  the  officer  of 
the  day  and  to  their  regimental  commander,  once  a  day,  should  he  visit  the 
jiickets. 

Outposts  will  stand  to  arms  and  salute  no  person.  At  the  approach  of  officers, 
sentinels  will  face  to  the  front  and  stand  at  attention  without  saluting.  They 
will  not  sit  down,  but  will  walk  their  beats  constantly  during  their  two  hours  of 
duty.  Outposts  will  not  sleep,  but  will  be  on  the  alert  during  their  four  hours 
oft'  duty.  Sergeants  will  examine  passes  at  roads  ;  passes  recognized  only  at 
roads. 

This  circular  will  be  read  to  the  men  by  the  commanding  officers  of  the  grand 
guard  every  morning  before  posting  the  pickets.  All  disobedience  of  orders 
will  be  reported  at  once,  and  the  offender  promptly  punished. 

The  commanding  officer  of  the  grand  guard,  on  being  relieved,  will  transmit 
this  circular  to  his  successor.  In  case  of  a  march,  or  pickets  being  permanently 
relieved,  it  will  be  handed  to  the  inspector.     By  order  of 

Colonel  John  G.  Mitchell. 


April, '64.]  History  0/ the  II jth  O.  V.  I.  71 

23.  To-day  a  spirited  battle  took  place  in  camp;  not  a  bloody 
affray  with  the  roar  of  cannon  and  the  clash  of  muslcetiy  as  an 
accompaniment;  not  a  struggle  in  mortal  combat  in  which  the  shouts 
of  the  victor  and  the  groans  of  the  vanquished  added  interest  to  the 
scene;  but  one  in  which  friend  vied  with  friend  in  strategy  and  skill. 
The  snow  being  in  good  packing  condition  probably  suggested  the 
idea  to  some  of  the  men  that  a  snowball  battle  would  be  a  source  of 
grand  fun.  The  preliminaries  were  spon  arranged.  The  98th  O.  V. 
I.  and  78th  Illinois  arrayed  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other  the  121st  O. 
V.  I.  and  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  Positions  were  taken,  the  strength  of  the 
opposing  forces  was  carefully  ascertained  by  reconnoitering  parties, 
which  played  their  several  parts  with  tactical  precision.  At  length 
the  main  body  became  engaged  and  the  charging  and  retreating  by 
turns  went  on  at  an  interesting  rate.  The  war  was  carried  to  Ger- 
many, for  the  io8th  O.  V.  I.  finally  shared  in  the  contest,  and  in  the 
end  each  party  proclaimed  his  side  victorious.  All  ended  well  and 
the  occasion  will  long  be  remembered  because  of  the  solid  fun  it  fur- 
nished. If  nations  could  only  settle  their  difficulties  by  snowballing 
battles,  or  by  pounding  one  another  over  the  head  with  pillows,  war 
would  be  stripped  of  most  of  its  horrors. 

2J.  The  men  make  occasional  trips  to  Lookout  Mountain,  climb  its 
rugged  sides  to  its  summit,  view  the  splendid  scenery,  talk  poetry, 
drink  from  the  gushing  fountains  on  its  sides,  and  then  return  to 
camp  with  an  appetite  which  destroys  the  peace  of  the  mess.  These 
romantic  rambles  ought  to  be  made  when  we  are  drawing  full  rations. 

31.  The  Second  Division,  commanded  by  General  Jeff.  C.  Davis, 
was  reviewed  by  General  Geo  H.  Thomas,  accompanied  by  (General 
Palmer.  Each  of  the  several  commanders  was  accompanied  by  his 
respective  staff  officers,  and  there  was  parade  and  pomp  in  profusion. 
Those  who  were  mounted  enjoyed  the  review  very  much,  but  the 
footmen  indulged  in  some  profane  expletives,  which  led  me  to  think 
they  would  enjoy  full  rations  much  better  than  a  review  which  kept 
them  on  the  jump  for  four  hours.  Schellhorn's  band  came  in  for  its 
share  of  the  glory  of  the  occasion.  What  a  grand  thing  is  music 
when  you  are  short  of  milk  !     The  bass  drum  is  minus  one  head. 


APRIL,    186  4. 

/.  The  recruits  are  being  initiated  into  the  delights  of  picket  duty. 
A  number  of  deserters,  belonging  to  our  own   command,  are   kept 


"J 2  I'.i 1 1  \-,uiy  Suliiiii  J.ijc :  |  Rossvillc,  (ia. 

under  guard  near  l)ivision  licadiiuarlers.  ( )nc  of  them  g(jl  away  l)y 
some  trick  last  night,  but  was  retaken  in  trying  to  crawl  through  the 
picket  line.  'I'ruly  the  way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard,  even  in 
Cieorgia. 

2.  Major  SuUivant  made  to  Adjutant  (leneral  Cowen  the  following 
historic  report  of  the  1 13th  : 

IIeaiji.ilartkks  113th  (X  V.  I.,    I 
Caml'  nkak   Rossvii.i.e,  Ga.,  April  2,  1864.  (' 

AdJI    I'ANT    Gl-.MvKAI.    CoWKN: 

Sir — Accompanying  you  will  find  ihc  complete  muster  r<jll!)  of  this  regiment, 
in  compliance  with  Gov.   Hrough's  order  of  February   19th. 

The  organization  of  this  regiment  was  commenced  in  August,  1862,  at  Camj) 
Chase.  It  proceeded  slowly,  however,  for  some  time,  and  in  October  we  were 
ordered  to  Camp  Zanesville  to  till  up  our  ranks.  We  remained  there  until  De- 
cember 14th,  when  we  were  ordered  to  Camp  Denni-son,  numbering  at  that  time 
thirty-two  commissioned  officers  and  seven  hundred  and  twenty-one  enlisted 
men.  The  109th  O.  \'.  I.  \\as  then  consolidated  with  the  113th,  giving  us  an 
additional  company.  On  the  28th  of  December  we  were  transferred  to  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  numbering  thirty-five  commissioned  officers  and  eight  hundred  and 
fifty-seven  enlisted  men.  On  the  5th  of  January,  1863,  we  removed  by  rail  to 
Muldraugh  Hill,  Ky.,  where  we  remained  guarding  the  railroad  bridge  until  the 
27th  of  January,  when  we  moved  back  to  Louisville  and  embarked  on  the  steamer 
St.  Patrick,  for  Nashville  Owing  to  the  crowded  condition  of  the  boat,  the 
voyage  was  very  unpleasant,  and  tlie  health  of  the  regiment  suli'ered  to  such  an 
e.\tent  that  it  has  c\en  now  scarcely  recovered  from  its  effects.  Nashville  was 
reached  February  8th,  whence  we  soon  proceeded  to  F'ranklin,  'I'enn.,  and  on 
the  I3lh  of  February  went  into  camp.  We  remained  there  several  months, 
occasionally  exclianging  the  quiet  of  cam])  life  for  a  scout  or  a  long  march  in 
anticipation  of  meeting  the  enemy. 

When  Earl  \"an  Dorn  made  so  determined  an  attack  upon  our  forces  at  that 
place,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Triune,  on  the  2d  of  June,  1863,  and  on  the 
24lh  of  that  month,  in  company  with  the  entire  .^rmy  of  the  Cumberland,  we 
took  up  our  line  of  march  toward  Rebeldom,  and  parlicijiated  in  tlie  trying 
scenes  of  the  successful  "TuUahoma  Camjiaign."  Our  brigade  formed  a  por- 
tion of  the  right  wing  of  the  army,  and,  although  it  was  not  our  fortune  to  be- 
come actively  engaged,  we  endured  with  all  necessary  fortitude  the  exposures 
and  severities  of  the  march,  and  entered  Shelbyville  on  the  1st  of  July,  and 
viewed  the  waving  of  Union  banners  and  shouts  of  welcome  from  the  noble 
population  of  that  celebrated  Union  town.  We  encamped  at  that  place,  and 
remained  until  August  nth,  when  we  were  ordered  to  Wartrace  to  guard  the 
Nashville  &  Chattanooga  railroad.  Thence  we  commenced  marching  on  the 
5th  of  September  toward  Chattanooga,  and  participated  in  the  severe  hardships 
of  the  Chickamauga  Campaign,  marching  day  and  night  lor  three  weeks  over 
rough  mountain  roads  and  across  numerous  streams,  and  making  frequent  recon- 
noissances  to\\  ard  the  enemy's  position.  Finally,  on  the  afternoon  of  Sunday, 
Septemlter  20th,  in  company  witii  two  lirigades  of  our  corps   (the  reserve  corps). 


April,  '64.  J  Hblory  0/  l/ic  iljlh  O.  V.  /.  73 

we  were  precipitated  upon  the  hosts  of  the  enemj,  who  were  advancing  in  a 
vast  army  to  overwhelm  our  left  and  destroy  the  army.  Public  opinion,  as  well 
as  official  reports,  give  to  the  force  of  which  we  formed  a  part,  the  credit  of 
having   that  day  saved   the  army   from   a   terrible   disaster 

We  took  into  action  an  aggregate  of  four  hundred  and  ten  officers  and  men. 
Our  loss  was:  Killed  —  officers,  4;  men,  19:  wounded  officers,  2  ;  men,  103  ; 
missing   men,    19 

After  the  Ijatlle  the  regiment  retirctl  willi  tlie  armv  to  Chattanooga,  and  there 
remained  during  tlie  siege  by  Hragg's  army.  What  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land sufi'ered  during  that  time  for  want  uf  food  and  clothing  is  now  a  matter  of 
hist^r),  and  unnecessary  lor  the  annalist  of  a  single  regiment  to  dilate  upon. 
In  the  l)attle  of  Mission  Kidge,  November  23d,  our  division,  (we  having  been 
transferred  to  the  2d  Hrigade,  2d  Division,  14th  Army  Corps,)  was  held  in  reserve 
under  (leneral  Sherman,  and  after  the  battle  led  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  with 
wliose  rear  guard  we  had  a  sharp  contest,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  26th,  near 
Chickamaujia  Station. 

After  the  rebels  \\ere  driven  below  Dalton,  Slierman's  column  w  as  ordered  bv 
General  Crant  to  marcli  to  the  relief  of  Burnside,  whom  the  latest  reports  rep- 
resented as  besieged  by  Longstreet,  with  only  a  small  supply  of  provisions  on 
liand.  Burnside  reported  that  he  could  only  hold  out  until  the  3d  of  Decemlier. 
I'his  gave  our  forces  about  four  days  to  reach  him,  but  the  necessity  was  urgent, 
and  the  troops  w  illingly  undertook  the  forced  marches  necessary  to  succor  the 
ainiy  at  Knuwille,  although  in  clothing  tliey  were  entirely  unprepared  for  such 
a  journey,  and  had  started  from  Chattanooga  w  ith  only  two  d.ty's  rations.  The 
weatlier  was  extremely  cold,  and  large  numbers  of  the  men  were  barefooted, 
and,  as  we  were  forced  to  depend  upon  the  country  through  which  we  marched 
fur  provisions,  the  privations  and  sufferings  of  the  men  were  probably  unex- 
nm])led  in  the  history  of  this  war.  Upon  our  arrival  at  the  little  Tennessee, 
within  twenty  miles  of  Knoxville,  news  was  received  that  Longstreet  had  re- 
treateil.  We  were  therefore  directed  to  retrace  our  steps,  and  finally  reached 
our  old  camps  at  Chattanooga  on  the  20th  of  December,  ha"ving  been  constantly 
on  the  move  for  f'ur  weeks  On  the  2d  of  January,  1864,  we  were  transferred 
to  the  cam])  we  now  occujjy,  where  we  liave  since  remained,  with  the  exception 
of  an  occasional  f<ninight's  ai)sence  guarding  some  railroad  station  in  the  vicin- 
ity, or  taking  part  in  a  reconnoissance  toward  the  enemy's  position  at   Dalton. 

The  tenth  com])any  { K),  having  been  recruited  under  authority  of  the  (jov- 
ernor,  was  completeii  about  the  1st  of  March,  and  at  that  time  the  regiment 
nund)ered  :  Commissioneil  officers,  twenty-six  ;  enlisted  men,  seven  hundred  and 
live.  Tlie  regiment  is  in  excellent  health  and  condition,  and  ready  to  do  good 
service  to  the  country  in   the  approaching  campaigns. 

\'ery  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

L.  St.vri.i.nc  Sui.i.n  ant. 
Mil j or  Coiiiniatuiing  II3M  Ohio  I'oluntccrs. 


74  tivci y-iiay  Sohiui    IaJc  :  [Kossvillc,  ti;i. 

4.  (irccn  was  on  jjickct  in  ihf  rain  last  niglit.  He  says:  "  it  was 
so  dark  I  could  not  keep  my  beat,  and  the  rain  fell  in  torrents.  I 
leaned  against  a  tree  and  took  it  like  an  ox.  ( )h  I  didn't  1  love  my 
countr)   about  then  .'" 

Cai)tain  Howersock  returned  from  his  furlough  yesterday.  C'aplain 
Renjamin,  Comi)any  li,  came  in  also.  The  latter  was  wounded  at 
("hickamauga,  and  this  is  tlie  first  we  have  seen  of  him  since  that 
day.      We  are  glad  to  see  them  both. 

J.  Have  been  on  regimental  guard,  Lieutenant  iJaxter  being 
officer  of  the  guard.  Two  men  of  C"omi)any  C  were  drunk  and 
noisy.  Lieutenant  H.  and  1  lied  them  both  to  trees,  with  a  bayonet 
in  the  mouth  of  each.  They  remained  tied  till  the  effects  of  the 
whisky  al)ated  and  they  became  quiet.  This  created  not  a  little 
tt.xcitement  in  cam]),  and  resistance  was  threatened,  but  none  offered. 

6.  One  of  the  men  who  created  the  trouble  yesterday  was  again  tied 
up.  This  time  he  was  placed  on  his  liack  with  his  feet  tied  on  either 
side  of  a  big  stump,  where  he  remained  till  the  spirits  left  him. 
These  men  are  recruits  and  ha\'c  not  yet  had  their  i)rcaking-in. 

7.  John  Craig  and  John  G.  (ianson  reached  the  regiment  to-day 
and  will  l)e  assigned  to  Company  R.  Lieutenant  Colonel  NVarner, 
who  has  been  for  some  time  past  in  command  of  the  Third  Ohio,  has 
returned  to  the  regiment  and  will  be  in  command.  M.  L.  Stratton 
and  Isaac  Green  visited  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  to-day,  and 
this  evening  have  much  to  say  of  wlial  ihey  saw.  The  t|uarters  of 
Company  K  were  partially  destroyed  by  fire. 

g.  Henry  Dewitt  and  1  went  to  Chattanooga  on  some  business. 
Sent  %2,o  to  Mrs.  A.  Cleveland  for  Lieutenant  Geo.  H.  Lipjiinccnt. 

//.  1).  H.  Chatfield,  who  has  been  on  recruiting  service  in  Ohio 
since  October,  joined  his  company  to-day.  He  left  a  corporal,  but 
returns  a  second  lieutenant.  The  duties  of  the  day  closed  with 
dress  parade,  prayer  meeting  and  a  dance. 

75.  The  chaplain,  assisted  by  a  number  of  the  soldiers,  has  erected 
a  bower  church  b\  planting  a  lot  of  pine  bushes  in  a  square,  about 
25  by  25  feet.  .V  brush  roof  is  constructed  over  the  whole,  which 
gives  it  a  verdant,  cozy  appearance.  Meetings  of  considerable  inter- 
est are  being  held  here  of  evenings.  Half  a  mile  southeast  of  us 
stands  McAfee's  Chapel,  a  former  place  of  worship.  This  building 
is  now  full  of  army  stores,  consisting  of  l)read,  meat,  coffee,  salt, 
candles,  kraut,  vinegar,  and  whisky.  Captain  ( )rr  has  charge  of 
these  supplies. 

16.   C'aptain  ("has.  V.  (rarman  and   !,ieutenants  C'rouse  and    Dun- 


April,  '64. J  History  of  the  njtli  O.   l.  J.  75 

can  returned  to  duty  to-day,  having  been  at  home  on  furlough  for 
some  time. 

rj.  Robert  Doak  of  the  Sixty-sixth,  Bennett  and  Hunter  of  the 
Second — all  Champaign  county  boys — visited  friends  in  our  regi- 
ment.    The  Second  is  at  Graysville. 

26.  The  time  drags  heavily.  Daring  the  past  ten  days  the 
monotony  of  duties  has  been  abiiost  distressing.  However,  we  are 
that  much  nearer  the  end  of  the  war,  and  that  much  nearer  our 
respective  destinies.  (ieneral  Davis,  our  division  commander,  has 
issued  an  order  prohibiting  enlisted  men  from  wearing  boots  in  our 
future  movements.  Fortunately  for  me  1  sold  to  Lieutenant  Kile 
my  $8  boots  some  days  ago,  but  Green  jias  an  expensive  pair  on 
hands  (feet),  which  he  says  will  not  be  thrown  away  to  comply  with 
the  order  of  anybody.  Many  of  the  men  have  boots  that  have  cost 
high  prices,  and  to  be  compelled  to  abandon  them  and  wear  shoes 
will  be  next  to  an  outrage.  I  notice  that  General  Davis  wears  boots. 
The  weather  for  some  time  past  has  been  warm  and  spring-like,  and 
the  men  insist  on  drilling  without  their  blouses.  Of  course  this  was 
not  granted.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Warner  has  ordered  that  all  lights 
be  extinguished  in  our  (juarters  immediately  after  taps,  and  that  no 
men  be  allowed  to  roam  through  camp  at  late  hours.  All  persons 
using  profane  and  obscene  language,  or  who  are  found  creating  dis- 
turbance in  camp,  are  to  be  reported  to  their  company  commanders. 
This  is  as  it  should  be,  but  some  of  the  men  complain  loudly  of  it. 

Springtime  is  upon  us,  but  there  has  been  no  jjlowing  done  in  all 
this  country,  nor  will  there  be.  The  farmers  are  nearly  all  from 
home;  those  who  are  at  home  have  no  teams  nor  seed.  The  citizens 
have  been  getting  their  living  of  our  government  for  months.  When 
the  army  goes  forward  from  here  their  case  will  be  i)itiable. 

The  evening  meetings  at  the  bower  church  continue  and  the  inter- 
est increases.  Chaplain  Morris  is  untiring  in  his  zeal  to  fit  the  men 
for  a  better  life.  Twenty-two  men  rose  to  their  feel,  in  one  of  the 
meetings,  expressing  a  desire  to  lead  new  lives. 

30.  The  end  of  our  stay  at  Rossville  approaches.  We  are 
instructed  to  send  home  or  abandon  all  surplus  baggage,  and  a  large 
number  of  boxes  and  packages  are  now  at  headquarters  to  be  shipped  to 
the  North.  Officers  are  allowed  only  a  change  of  clothing,  and  the 
men  will  not  be  permitted  to  carry  heavy  knapsacks. 

This  afternoon  I  went  to  Chattanooga  to  express  some  goods 
belonging  to  men  of  Company  K.      \Ve  were  mustered  for  pay. 


^6  Evcry-Uay  SolUiei  Lijc :  [Al  Ringgold. 

M  A  \\    1864. 

/.  Sunday.  Everv  preparation  is  Ijcing  completed  for  moving,  and 
it  is  understood  that  this  is  our  last  day  in  cami)  at  Rossville.  We 
canie  here  the  dav  after  ( 'hri>lnias,  and  thougli  our  slay  in  this  camp 
has  been  mainly  comfortable,  it  has,  of  late,  been  very  monotonous, 
and  the  troops  have  become  restless  and  want  to  be  doing  ;iome- 
thing.  'I'he  prospect  of  entering  upon  a  campaign  against  the 
enemy,  and  of  penetrating  further  and  further  into  his  country,  has 
a  fascination  in  it  for  the  soldiers,  and  they  are  in  fine  spirits  to-day. 
Chaplain  Morris  preached  morning  and  evening,  and  the  exercises 
were  well  attended  and  full  of  interest. 

2.  The  Second  Division  filed  out  of  camp  at  half  i)ast  eight  this 
morning,  heading  southeasterly.  I  confess  to  a  feeling  of  regret  in 
leaving  "Metropolitan  Hall."  I  may  never  again  sleep  under  its 
rude  but  friendly  roof,  nor  hear  the  echo  of  music  within  its  walls. 
1  must  e.xchange  its  comforts  for  the  rude  life  that  awaits  us  on  the 
tented  field.  The  113th  had  two  hundred  and  fifty-eight  files  of 
men  this  morning,  and  her  total  strength  is  six  hundred  and  seven 
men.  The  day  has  been  cool  and  pleasant,  with  a  shower  in  the 
forenoon.  We  reached  Ringgold  at  3  P.  M.  and  pitched  tents  near 
the  Chickamauga,  nearly  a  mile  from  the  town.  During  the  evening 
many  of  us  visited  and  explored  a  cave  in  the  vicinit)  of  camp. 
We  learn  that  our  entire  corjjs  is  here. 

J.  Yesterdav  and  the  da\  liefore  was  spent  (piietly  resting  in  our 
camp,  where  we  halted  on  the  2d.  The  men  cut  down  large  chest- 
nut trees,  and  peeling  the  bark  from  the  logs  in  great  strips,  si)read  it 
on  a  ])latform  of  poles  for  a  bed,  leaving  the  raw  or  flesh  side  of  the 
bark  uj).  The  owner  of  this  forest  wilt  not  need  to  cut  down  any  rail 
timber  for  some  time. 

The  Division  moved  at  6  o'clock  A.  M.,  passing  through  Ringgold 
and  beyond  Thoroughfare  (iap,  filed  into  line,  stacked  arms  and 
rested.  Here,  seated  on  my  knapsack,  I  \\ fote  a  letter  to  my  wife. 
The  circumstances  were  so  peculiar  that  the  dimness  that  seemed  to 
obscure  the  lines  on  m\  pai)er  could  not  be  attributed  to  age,  for  I 
am  not  yet  twenty-six.  During  the  day  we  received  mail,  and  my 
share  was  a  letter  containing  the  picture  of  my  wife  and  our  boy. 
These  must  go  with  me  to  the  end.  I'he  Fourth,  Fourteenth, 
Twentieth,  and  'J'weniy-third  corps  are  now  here.  Our  advance  has 
confronted  the  enemy  during  the  day.  and  the  booming  cannon  has 
echoed  over  hill,  ridge  and  vaHe) . 


May,  '64.]  Jlistory  of  the  Jjjth  O.  I'.  J.     .  77 


6.  Major  L  S.  Sullivant  joined  us  to-day.  All  were  glad  to  see 
him.  He  has  been  absent  for  some  time  on  furlougli.  No  leaves  of 
absence  are  being  granted  now;  men  are  needed  in  their  places  in 
the  ranks  or  elsewhere.      We  do  not  move  till  to-morrow. 

7.  The  whole  column  move  toward  Tunnell  Hill.  Our  advance 
and  the  enem\-  keep  up  a  lively  contest  in  which  musketry  and 
artillery  rattle  and  roar  by  turns.  'I'iie  enemy  gave  way  and  fell 
back  in  order.  Our  brigade  took  a  position  within  a  mile  of  the 
town,  our  line  running  east  and  west.  Later  in  the  day  we  passed 
to  the  right  of  town  and  camped  one  and  a  half  miles  to  the  east, 
where  we  spent  a  (luiet  niglit. 

S.  Sunday.  Remained  camped  during  the  forenoon,  during  which 
time  Chaplain  Morris  preached  a  short  discourse.  We  are  watching 
the  contest  between  the  two  lines  of  skirmishers  at  the  entrance  to 
the  gap,  which  is  called  Buzzard's  Roost. 

At  2  P.  M.  the  Brigade  formed  and  took  a  position  at  the  entrance 
of  the  gap.  Our  line  is  parallel  with  the  railroad  and  facing  east. 
Our  purpose  is  to  drive  a  force  of  the  enemy  from  the  ridge  in  our 
front.  A  line  of  skirmishers,  Com[)anies  I  and  H  (commanded  by 
Captain  Durant  and  Captain  Watson),  of  the  113th,  was  deployed  in 
our  front.  The  skirmish  line  commanded  by  Colonel  H.  B.  Banning, 
i2ist  O.  V.  1.,  moved  promptly,  and  the  Brigade,  commanded  by 
Colonel  John  G.  Mitchell,  followed  in  line  of  battle  at  a  proper  dis- 
tance. For  several  hundred  yards  our  way  lay  through  a  tangled 
mass  of  underbrush,  through  which  we  moved  with  great  difficulty. 
Crossing  a  creek  near  the  base  of  the  ridge  we  began  the  ascent. 
U)),  up,  up  we  go,  each  moment  e.xi)ecting  to  receive  the  fire  of  the 
foe.  But  the  crest  of  the  ridge  is  reached  without  a  shot,  for  the 
eneiiiy  had  fled  at  our  approach  and  taken  a  position  on  a  ridge  run- 
ning i)arallel  with  this  one,  and  from  which  they  began  firing  at  us, 
the  shots  whistling  aljout  our  heads  in  a  manner  not  to  be  relished. 
As  we  moved  along  the  top  of  the  ridge,  one  of  our  men,  William 
McMannus,  Company  I,  was  shot  and  fell  down  dead  within  a  few 
feet  of  me.  This  is  our  first  loss  in  the  campaign.  Our  chai)lain 
took  charge  of  the  body,  and  the  column  descended  to  the  valley 
and  halted  an  hour  in  an  open  field.  We  then  countermarched, 
crossed  the  point  of  the  ridge  before  mentioned,  and,  ascending  a 
ridge  to  the  east,  stacked  arms  and  halted  for  the  night.  Half  the 
men  of  each  company  returned  to  the  cam])  from  which  we  moved 
early  in  the  afternoon,  to  bring  forward  the  knapsacks  and  baggage 
whicli    had   been  left  behind.      1  went  on  this  tlul)',  i)ringing  baggage 


78  Ei'fry-Jiiy  SoUiti  -Li/t- :  [lUi/.zard  Rcx)sl 

belonging  to  Cireen  and  niysclf.  \Vc  were  all  very  tired,  and  tlu' 
rebels  were  kind  enough  to  let  us  rest  well  during  the  night. 

g.  Two  guns  of  Hattery  (',  ist  Illinois  Artillery,  were  dragged  up 
and  placed  in  ])osition  on  the  ridge.  These  kept  up  a  heavy  fire  on 
the  enemy's  ])osition  south  of  the  railroad,  on  the  side  of  a  huge  hill. 
At  dusk  the  skirmish  firing  in  uur  front  became  very  earnest,  and  an 
additional  company  (K)  was  sent  forward  to  strengthen  our  line. 
The  men  took  their  position  and  for  an  hour  lay  on  their  faces,  while 
the  l)Lillets  spattered  on  the  gravel  and  among  the  rocks  of  the  ridge. 
Later  in  the  night  rations  were  issued  to  us,  and  by  the  time  this  was 
attended  to  it  was  past  midnight. 

10.  Three  additional  guns  were  put  in  position  during  last  night 
on  this  ridge,  and  to-day  they  have  been  jjounding  away  at  the  rebels 
in  front,  right  and  left,  'i'he  infantry  withdrew  from  the  crest  of  the 
hill  and  sheltered  themselves  behind  it.  Here  they  dug  little  exca- 
vations in  the  hillside  so  that  they  might  rest  secure,  without  the 
risk  of   rolling  down  the  hill.     Company  (}  are  on  the  skirmish  line. 

//.  The  incidents  of  to-day  have  been  much  the  same  as  yester- 
day. A  battery  of  the  enemy  got  the  range  of  our  guns  late  in  the 
afternoon,  and  for  a  time  their  fire  grazed  the  hill,  passed  over  our 
heads  and  exploded  in  the  valley  below.  In  the  evening  our  brigade 
withdrew  into  the  valley,  where  we  spent  the  night  comfortably. 

12.  Marched  in  the  direction  of  Tunnel  Hill  at  sunrise.  After 
going  two  and  a  half  miles  in  this  direction,  we  took  a  road  leading 
in  a  more  southerly  course,  and  through  a  country  very  little  im- 
proved. At  dark  we  halted  and  took  supper  in  a  cornfield,  then 
resuming  the  march,  we  continued  till  after  midnight.  Our  way 
during  the  night  lay  through  a  narrow  pass  or  gap,  with  high  and 
precipitous  rocks  and  cliffs  on  either  hand.  1  am  told  that  this 
defile  is  called  Snake  Creek  Cai).  This  is  a  flank  movement  on  the 
enemy.  I  like  it  better  than  fighting  their  front.  John  Ganson  was 
sick  to-day,  and  has  been  in  an  ambulance  part  of  the  time.  Have 
marched  twenty-two  miles. 

/J.  Marched  soon  after  daylight,  going  nearly  east.  Halted  at 
8  A.  M.,  stacked  arms  in  a  valley.  Knapsacks  were  unslung,  piled, 
and  left  in  charge  of  a  guard.  Tents  and  blankets  were  packed  and 
slung,  and  then  the  command  rested.  We  are  now  on  the  enemy's 
right  flank.  He  holds  a  strong  position  at  Resaca,  near  this,  and  on 
the  Western  &  Atlantic  railway,  fifty-two  miles  from  Chattanooga,  in 
(iordon  county,  Georgia.  Every  preparation  being  made  indicates  a 
liattle. 


May,  "64.1  I  lis  lory  oj  I  he  1 13  th  O.   V.  /. 


79 


At  3  P.  M.  we  marched  toward  Resaca.  We  can  hear  the  contest 
as  we  approach.  Our  brigade  shifted  from  one  position  to  another 
during  the  evening,  but  our  regiment  did  not  become  engaged.  Parts 
of  the  brigade  sustained  some  loss.  ^Ve  spent  the  night  in  a  woods 
on  the  right  of  a  road  that  appears  to  run  north  and  south. 

14.  Our  position  was  changed  fretiuently  during  the  forenoon.  A 
brisk  engagement  took  place  east  of  us  at  i  P.  M.,  and  we  moved  in 
that  direction,  formed  a  line  in  the  edge  of  a  cornfield,  moved  across 
the  field  in  line  of  battle,  and  rested  in  a  ravine  at  the  cast  edge 
of  the  field.  Then  moving  by  the  left  flank,  we  formed  a  new  line 
three  hundred  yards  to  the  north,  in  a  thick  wood,  immediatel)  west 
(?)  of  the  enemy's  fortifications.  We  again  shifted  position  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  mile,  and  again  lay  down.  Chaplain  Morris  ])assed 
along  the  line  exhorting  the  men  to  trust  in  God,  do  their  dat\ .  and 
all  would  be  well.  The  Chaplain  has  the  grit.  Then,  moving  by 
the  left  flank,  we  lay  down  at  the  base  of  a  ridge,  which  protected  us 
from  a  terrific  fire  oi  the  enemy.  'I'he  108th  Ohio,  and  34th  Illinois, 
were  more  exposed,  and  suffered  some  loss.  The  45th  O.  V.  1.  took 
a  position  near  us.  They  had  lost  heaviU  during  the  dav.  Night 
coming  on,  we  retired  to  the  edge  of  the  cornfield,  where  we  had 
formed  in  line  first  in  the  afternoon. 

75.  Sunday.  Before  breakfast  our  regiment  took  a  new  p().-,ition. 
one  and  a  half  miles  to  the  southeast,  on  a  ridge,  o\  erlooking  a  valley, 
and  in  sight  of  the  enemy's  position  at  Resaca.  We  occupied  works 
which  had  been  constructed  last  night.  The  main  l)od\'  of  the 
regiment  sheltered  itself  behind  the  crest  of  the  hill,  occupving  the 
pits  by  comininies,  in  relief,  three  hours  at  a  time,  .\fter  dark,  when 
all  was  quiet,  a  spirited  colloqu)'  took  place  between  the  blue  and 
the  gray.  The  reb.el  shouted:  "Say,  N'ank,  where  is  Hooker.'^  "  and 
the  reply  was:  "You  will  hear  from  joe  soon  enough."  "  Sav» 
Johnnie,  ha\e  you  any  corn  bread.''  Want  to  trade  for  coffee.^"' 
The  rebels  boasted  how  thev  intended  to  whip  us  to-morrow.  Their 
many  taunts  met  as  many  cutting  replies,  '["hen  both  sides  would 
loose  tenqier,  and  exchange  shots. 

At  midnight  a  very  heavy  firing  opened  to  our  left,  aiul  the  regi- 
ment crowded  into  the  rifie-pits,  ready  for  an  attack. 

/6.  The  iiromised  whi[)ping  is  indefinitely  post])oned.  hthnnie  is 
gone  from  our  front  this  morning,  and  we  are  glad.  Karly  in  the 
forenoon  we  returned  to  the  valley  where  we  left  our  knajjsacks  on 
Friday  last.  Taking  these  again,  we  were  soon  moving  rapidU 
southward.      Passed   fine   farms,  good  houses  and  other  evidences  t)f 


8o  Evtry-iiity  Soliiicr  Ltjf :  |  Kuini;,  (■<!. 

ini])r(n  cmcut.  'I'lic  ladio  on  our  way  arc  tastily  dressed  and  aitpcar 
to  lie  (  ultivatcd.  ()iir  man  h  lasted  till  alter  ilark,  and  we  have 
ino\  ed  rapidly  nearly  all  ilay. 

Some  are  inijuirinj^  to  know  it  deneral  l)avis"  lu^rse  has  given  out, 
and  if  we  are  halted  on  that  ac<:ount.  Have  niarc;hed  about  twentv 
miles.      We  are  eighteen  miles  from    Rome,  which  is  our  destination. 

ij.  Marthed  early,  and  at  noon  halted  for  dinner,  four  miles  from 
Rome.  Rested  an  hour,  and  moved  ahead.  Within  two  miles  of 
the  tow  n  our  advance  began  to  exchange  >lK>ts  with  the  enemy's  out- 
l)osts,  anil  the  musketry  grew  tierce  and  fiercer  as  we  neared  the 
town.  (  )ur  forces  took  position  in  line  on  either  side  of  the  Soiner- 
\  ille  road.  Ihe  34th  Illinois  Volunteers  (X'eterans)  was  sent  forward 
with  instructions  to  bring  on  an  engagement,  and  then  retire  so  as  to 
bring  the  rebels  within  reach  of  our  line.  The  order  was  e.xecuted, 
but  the  wiU  toe  did  not  t'ollow  when  the  .i4lh  tell  back.  The  22d 
Indiana  Infantry  shared  in  the  attack,  and  both  regiments  suffered 
losses.  The  enemy  fell  back,  crossed  the  river  into  Rome,  and 
burned  the  britlge  behind  them.  ()ur  troo|)s  remained  in  line  and 
threw  u|)  a  hne  of  ritle  pits  the  entire  length  of  the  line,  before 
morning. 

18.  It  i>  thought  thai  the  enemy  has  left  Rome,  and  that  we  will 
soon  cross  and  occupy  the  town.  The  brigade  went  into  camp  near 
a  number  of  fine  residences  near  where  the  tight  occurred  yesterday. 
A  fatigue  parl\  buried  some  of  the  rebel  dead  left  on  the  field,  and 
citizens  re|)ort  that  the\  carried  off  a  great  many  as  they  tell  back. 

Roses  are  in  bloom  ;    I  sent  one  in  a  letter  to  my  wife  to-day. 

.\  line  of  ririe  pits  run  through  the  dcjor  \  ard  of  one  of  these  line 
mansions,  and  the  tence  has  disapjKared.  We  are  teaching  these 
pe(.)ple  to  take  a  joke.  Rome  had  a  population  of  about  three 
thousand,  but  at  present  many  of  the  able-bodied  men  are  absent 
in  the  Confederate  arni\ . 

ig.  Part  of  the  division  crossed  the  river  and  occupied  the  town. 
the  enemy  having  left  the  town  for  good.  A  great  quantity  of  to- 
bacco, captured  in  Rome,  was  distributed  among  the  men  to-day. 
Thank  vou,  1  don'l  use  the  weed.  Companies  K,  C,  C  and  K  went 
on  picket  at  dark 

23.  Our  stay  here  has  lengthened  out  beyond  our  expectations, 
and  we  have  had  a  very  jjleasant  \isit  among  the  Romans.  Sorry  we 
have  to  move  before  their  garden  stuff  gets  tit  for  use.  This  evening 
the  second  brigade  crossed  the  Oostalauna  into  Rome,  filed  right, 
crossed  the  Ktowah  on  a  pontoon   below    the   site  of  the  bridge  des- 


May,  '64.  J  History  0/  the  113 t/i  O.  V.  I.  81 

troyed  by  the  retreating  rebels,  and  went  into  camp  a  mile  further  on. 
The  Oostalauna  and  Etowah  rivers  unite  here,  forming  the  Coosa. 
Rome  is  the  county  seat  of  Floyd  county,  and  has  been  a  good  busi- 
ness place. 

Isaac  L.  Gray,  Jacob  Fudge  and  Daniel  R.  Baker,  Company  E, 
deserted  to-day.     They  will  be  able  to  steal  their  way  to  Ohio. 

24.  Our  division  moved  in  the  direction  of  Van  Wert,  and  after 
a  brisk  march  of  eighteen  miles,  formed  a  junction  with  the  troops  of 
the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  corps.  Our  route  shows  little  of  the 
ravages  of  war.     Camped  in  a  peach  orchard. 

25.  Moved  ahead,  leaving  Van  Wert  to  our  right.  Took  dinner 
in  a  cornfield  and  again  moved  in  a  southerly  course.  At  3  P.  M.  a 
heavy  firing  was  heard  several  miles  ahead  of  our  column,  and  in 
consequence  we  quickened  our  pace,  some  times  going  at  double 
quick.  A  heavy  rain  set  in  at  dark,  but  we  pressed  forward  in  the 
darkness.  Went  into  camp  late  in  the  night,  wet,  hungry  and  tired. 
We  now  learn  that  Hooker  had  an  engagement  with  the  enemy, 
causing  the  firing  mentioned. 

26.  Dried  clothes  and  tents.  Marched  three  miles  to  the  east, 
and  rested  two  hours.  We  then  left-faced,  and  with  left  in  front, 
went  back  two  miles,  took  a  road  bearing  left  and  passed  through 
Dallas,  the  county  seat  of  Paulding  county,  Ga.  We  received  a  large 
mail  and  drew  three  day's  rations,  late  at  night. 

27.  We  seem  to  be  near  the  main  line  of  the  enemy.  At  8  A.M. 
our  brigade  marched  a  mile  northeast,  halted  and  stacked  arms. 
Ate  an  early  dinner  and  then  shifted  position  to  a  hill  half  a  mile  to 
the  southeast.  We  are  hid  by  the  trees  and  thick  underbrush. 
Heavy  firing  goes  on  at  all  points  of  the  line.  Company  C  went  on 
the  skirmish  line  during  the  night. 

28.  We  held  our  position  till  evening;  then  moving  northwardly 
one  and  a  half  miles,  we  formed  a  line  in  the  edge  of  the  woods,  with 
an  open  field  in  our  front  Our  line  runs  north  and  south.  During 
the  night  we  made  our  position  secure  by  constructing  works  of  rails 
and  dirt.  Heavy  cannonading  goes  on,  day  and  night,  but  we  are 
becoming  accustomed  to  it,  and  sleep  well. 

2g.  Sunday.  The  113th  picketed  on  the  left  of  the  14th  A.  C.j 
two  and  a  half  miles  from  our  works.  Company  E  rested  in  the 
shade,  in  reserve  during  the  day,  but  went  on  the  front  line  at  night. 
We  divided  to  four  posts,  with  a  corporal  and  six  men  to  each. 
Anthony  Shimel,  John  \\ .  Taylor,  John   Wilson.    John  Wank,  Daniel 


82  Kvcry-iiay  Soliiicr  Li/c :  [Jolmny  iU  Hay 

Walker,  Joseph  Warner  and  myself  were  on  a  post  tot^ether,  and  we 
tried  to  enjoy  the  situation. 

Several  times  during  the  ni<,'ht  the  pickets  of  the  enemy  opened  up 
on  us  with  heavy  firin;^  and  deafening  yells,  but  neither  of  them  had 
any  fatal  effect.  WHien  all  was  cpiiet  they  seemed  to  want  informa- 
tion, and  would  shout  at  us  such  questions  as  these :  "  Say,  Yank, 
do  you  want  some  tobacco?"  "Yank,  don't  you  wish  you  was  a 
union?"  "  ^^'here's  Hooker?"  We  answered  as  courteously  as  the 
case  required. 

JO.  The  i2ist  O.  V.  I.  relieved  us  at  8  A.  M.,  and  we  returned  to 
our  former  position  and  spent  the  day  resting,  washing,  sleeping,  etc. 
I  have  been  reading  "Beyond  the  Lines,  or  a  Yankee  Prisoner  Loose 
in  Dixie."    The  weather  is  very  warm. 

ji.  The  34th  Illinois  is  skirmishing  in  our  front  to-day.  The 
enemy  have  been  annoying  our  part  of  the  line  by  an  almost  con- 
tinual fire  from  a  battery  on  the  summit  of  a  very  high  hill  in  our 
front.  We  took  shelter  in  trenches,  then  took  to  the  woods  in  the 
rear  and  each  man  sought  a  place  of  safety.  After  an  hour  we  re- 
turned to  the  trenches  and  remained  unmolested  till  evening.  One 
of  our  musicians  had  his  horn  broken  by  a  fragment  of  shell. 


JUNE,    1864. 

/.  At  midnight,  last  night,  the  113th  vacated  her  works,  and  mov- 
ing two  miles  to  the  left,  stopped  in  an  old  field  grown  u])  with  small 
pines.  Remained  till  past  noon  to-day.  Then  moving  to  the  left, 
we  passed  a  part  of  the  line  occupied  by  the  20th  A.  C,  and  took 
supper  in  a  hollow.  At  dusk  we  occupied  a  part  of  the  line  a  mile 
further  to  the  left,  relieving  the  looth  O.  V.  L,  and  the  112th  Illinois 
Regiments,  of  the  Twenty-third  Corps.  Slept  in  line  with  arms  and 
accoutrements  on.  Company  H  took  the  skirmish  line.  Our  line 
and  that  of  the  enemy  are  within  rifle  range  of  each  other,  and  that 
brings  the  skirmishers  almost  face  to  face.  There  is  no  harmony 
between  the  two  sets  of  skirmishers,  and  they  are  kept  hid  from  each 
other  continually.  Some  of  our  skirmish  pits  fill  with  water,  and 
the  occupants  must  keep  the  water  tossed  out  or  stay  out  themselves, 
exposed  to  the  shots  of  the  enraged  foe. 

J.  Still  holding  our  position  in  the  rain  and  mud.  The  balls  of 
the  enemy  whiz  over  our  heads  too  closely  for  safety  and  comfort. 


June,  '64.]  History  of  the  113th  0.  V.  I.  S3 

Last  night  and  the  night  before  we  fell  in  and  stood  in  line  in  our 
works,  expecting  the  enemy  was  moving  upon  us,  but  they  came  not. 
It  rains. 

4.  Our  brigade  was  relieved  soon  after  daylight.  Moved  to  the 
rear  in  a  heavy  rain,  prepare'd  and  ate  breakfast,  then  moved  to  the 
left  four  miles.  Took  dinner,  drew  rations,  put  up  our  shelter  tents, 
and  stayed  for  the  night.     It  rains. 

5.  Drew  fresh  beef,  put  it  on  the  fire  to  cook,  but  moved  before  it 
was  half  done.  Marched  a  mile  to  the  northeast.  Here  the  right 
wing  of  the  regiment  went  into  position,  and  the  five  left  Companies, 
H,  E,  K,  G  and  B,  went  on  the  skirmish  line,  relieving  troops  of  the 
145th  New  York  Infantry.  All  is  quiet  in  our  front,  and  we  are  told 
that  the  rebels  have  vacated  this  part  of  the  line. 

6.  The  pickets  were  called  from  post  and  formed  on  Company  K, 
near  a  frame  house.  Here  are  seven  rebel  deserters  who  had  come 
in  and  surrendered  to  Captain  Shepherd's  company.  They  are  dirty, 
poorly  clad,  ignorant  and  forbidding  in  their  appearance.  After  an 
hour  waiting,  the  five  right  Companies,  A,  F,  D,  I  and  C,  with 
the  brigade,  came  along,  and  we  moved,  all  together,  several  miles 
to  the  right,  went  into  line  in  the  edge  of  a  woods  near  a  cornfield. 
Here  we  constructed  the  customary  rail  barricade,  got  supper,  took  a 
wash,  and  then  slept  for  the  night  quietly  away. 

7.  We  are  resting  where  we  halted  yesterday.  This  is  two  miles 
from  Ackworth,  and  thirty-five  miles  from  Atlanta.  The  country 
hereabouts  is  very  little  improved,  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  whole 
country  being  a  dense  forest. 

10.  Yesterday  and  the  day  before  we  rested  quietly  in  the  shade. 
At  8  A.  M.  to-day  we  moved  eastward,  and  after  a  march  of  six 
miles  or  less,  halted  in  a  peach  orchard.  Here  we  spent  an  hour 
waiting  for  the  wagon  trains  of  the  15th  A.  C.  to  pass.  During  the 
afternoon  we  traveled  seven  miles,  a  tremendous  rain  pouring  upon 
us.  1  am  ill,  and  have  marched  with  great  difficulty.  Was  very 
glad  when  the  order  was  given  to  stack  arms. 

//.  We  are  now  confronting  the  rebel  army,  and  the  usual  roar  of 
musketry  goes  on.  Countermarched  some  distance  during  the  fore- 
noon, put  up  tents,  let  it  rain  and  took  dinner.  In  the  evening  we 
moved  on  a  mile  and  closed  by  divisions,  en  masse,  within  half  a 
mile  of  the  railroad,  near  Big  Shanty,  a  station  about  twenty-seven 
miles  from  Atlanta. 

12.  Sunday.     There  seemed  to  be  a  little  respect  paid  to  the  day. 


84  Evoy-i/ay  SoUicr  Li/f :       1 1  )cath  of  J,l.  I'lalt 

The  skirmishers  were  not  as  noisy  as  yesterday.  Another  torrent  of 
rain  fell.  A  high,  ugly  hill  a  mile  or  more  in  our  front  is  the  strong- 
hold of  the  enemy.  A  somewhat  flat  and  open  scope  of  country  lies 
between  us  and  the  rel)el  lines. 

/J.  Rain  again  to-day.  Si.x  prison(!rs  were  taken  by  the  i)i(:kets 
of  our  brigade. 

14.  About  noon  we  took  arms,  and,  preceded  by  a  heavy  skirmish 
line,  the  brigade  moved  in  line  of  battle  in  tlie  direction  of  the  line 
of  the  enemy,  about  a  mile,  the  enemy  falling  back  as  we  pressed 
forward.  We  halted  on  the  north  edge  of  a  large,  open  field,  where 
we  put  up  works. 

75".  At  ten  o'clock  A.  M.  I  went  with  other  men  to  get  beef. 
During  our  absence  a  fierce  artillery  fight  took  place  on  McPherson's 
right  and  to  our  left,  east  of  the  railroad.  Our  lines  advanced  and 
held  the  ground.  Our  pickets  gained  the  further  side  of  the  field 
and  put  up  the  necessary  protection.  When  we  advanced  during 
the  engagement  many  of  the  rebel  pickets  ran  toward  our  lines  with 
white  flags  floating  from  their  arms  in  token  of  surrender.  It  was  a 
clear  case  of  desertion.  Our  men  cheered  them  heartily.  While 
this  was  going  on  the  excitement  caused  our  men  to  place  themselves 
in  conspicuous  positions  to  witness  what  went  on,  thus  making  them- 
selves targets  for  the  rebel  sharpshooters.  A  shot,  which  must  have 
been  fired  from  a  distance  of  half  a  mile,  struck  James  Steward,  Com- 
any  E,  34th  Illinois,  and  Cyrus  G.  Piatt,  commanding  Company  G, 
113th  O.  V.  I.,  wounding  both  fatally.  The  ball  passed  through 
Steward's  head  and  lodged  in  Piatt's.  He  lived  till  four  o'clock  this 
afternoon.  Few  men  hold  such  a  ])lace  in  my  esteem  as  this  man 
who  has  just  laid  down  his  life  for  his  country.  I  became  ac(piainted 
with  him  early  in  our  term  of  service,  and  that  acquaintance  has  grown 
riper  and  sweeter  as  trials  and  dangers  thickened.  A  few  minutes 
before  he  fell  he  passed  and  addressed  me  pleasantly,  and  as  he 
passed  on,  Sergeant  Stratton  remarked  that  Lieutenant  Piatt  was 
among  the  worthy  men  of  our  regiment.  His  death  casts  a  gloom  over 
the  whole  regiment.  Late  at  night  we  stood  to  arms  in  expectation 
of  an  assault  by  the  enemy,  "but  he  failed  to  come. 

16.  My  health  improves.  We  have  had  a  day  or  two  without 
rain.  Heavy  skirmishing  goes  on  right  and  left.  In  our  front  it  is 
more  quiet.  I  have  drawn  a  pair  of  new  shoes.  Have  been  trying  to 
patch  a  gap  in  my  pants  but  gave  it  up.  I  was  not  intended  for  a  tailor. 
Rebel  deserters  report  the  death  of  Lieutenant  General  Polk,  of  the 


June,  '64.]  History  of  the  iJjth  0.  V.  I.  85 

C.  S.  A.     We  improved  our  works  to  some  extent,  and  now,  if  Johnnie 
wants  to  come,  we  are  ready. 

77.  I  learn  to-day  that  the  mountain  to  the  southeast  is  called 
Kenesaw.  We  have  held  ourselves  in  readiness  to  move  all  day.  A 
brisk  fight  took  place  on  our  left  and  in  the  front  of  the  i6th  A.  C. 
Rain.  A  rebel  signal  on  the  mountain  is  kept  in  motion  almost  con- 
tinually, day  and  night.  The  enemy  made  a  feint  in  our  front  at 
ten  o'clock  last  night,  causing  us  the  trouble  of  getting  ready  to  wel- 
come him,  but  he  halted  too  far  away  to  suit  us.  James  Anderson, 
Company  C,  was  wounded  in  the  neck  to-day. 

18.  Rained  nearly  all  day.  This  evening  our  line  was  advanced 
nearly  five  hundred  yards,  and  established  on  the  further  edge  of  the 
cornfield.  The  enemy  seemed  not  to  observe  us  and  offered  no  re- 
sistance. 

ig.  Sunday.  During  the  day  our  line  was  advanced  closer  to  the 
mountain,  the  rebels  having  given  way.  But  he  holds  a  strong  posi- 
tion yet  on  the  mountain.  Company  E  went  on  the  skirmish  line  at 
the  base  of  the  mountain.  We  were  not  to  fire  unless  the  enemy  ad- 
vanced, consequently  we  had  rather  an  agreeable  time.  Late  in  the 
afternoon  our  artillery  engaged  the  enemy  and  they  exchanged  com- 
pliments over  the  heads  of  us  skirmishers  in  a  very  discourteous 
manner,  many  of  our  own  shells  falling  nearer  our  skirmish  line  than 
the  enemy. 

20.  Part  of  the  line  of  skirmishers  was  relieved  at  3  A.  M.,  leav- 
ing sixteen  of  Company  E  still  on  duty.  I  was  among  this  number, 
and  I  preferred  this  duty  rather  than  to  return  to  the  main  line. 
There  is  something  fascinating  about  this  thing  of  crouching  behind 
a  pile  of  rocks  and  being  fired  at  by  the  foe  ;  it  is  a  game  at  which 
two  can  play,  with  equal  chances  of  winning. 

The  artillery  practice  was  resumed  early  in  the  forenoon,  and 
continued  at  intervals  during  the  day,  both  sides  firing  over  our 
heads.  Many  of  our  shells  fell  short,  and  endangered  our  own 
skirmishers.  In  one  case  rather  a  strange  thing  hap|)ened  :  Two 
skirmishers  of  the  108th  Ohio,  on  ovir  left,  were  lying  on  their  faces, 
side  by  side,  with  their  feet  toward  our  battery.  A  shell  from  one  of 
our  guns  struck  between  them,  burying  itself  in  the  earth.  Neither 
of  the  men  were  injured,  but  one  of  them  had  his  pants  leg  torn 
open  from  the  foot  to  the  waist. 

At  night  Captain  Shepherd's  company  came  to  our  relief,  and  we 
joined  the  line,  half  a  mile  in  the  rear. 


86  FAvry-day  Sohiicr  Life  :       \  I'rontiiTg  Kcncsaw 

21.  Considerable  rain  fell.  We  are  in  line,  half  a  mile  west  of 
Kenesaw's  base.  Comparative  (|uiet  reigns.  1  procured  the  consent 
of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Warren  to  use  a  log  stable  which  stood  on  our 
right,  to  construct  better  defences  in  our  front.  We  soon  had  the 
logs  in  position,  and  by  ten  o'clock  at  night  we  had  a  complete  work 
constructed. 

22.  Early  in  the  day  the  enemy  began  shelling  us  from  the  sum- 
mit of  Kenesaw,  and  he  made  a  full  day's  work  of  it.  Our  batteries 
and  sharj)  shooters  put  in  their  work  diligently,  but  there  was  no  let 
up  to  him.  We  can  see  the  gunner  as  he  rams  the  charge  home, 
then  comes  a  puff  of  smoke,  and  in  two  or  three  seconds  the  shots 
come  shrieking  through  the  air,  sometimes  striking  in  the  timber 
in  our  rear,  sometimes  plowing  up  the  dirt  in  our  front,  and  bound- 
ing over  our  heads  and  landing  a  thousand  feet  behind  us.  About 
dinner  time  we  were  driven  into  our  pits,  leaving  our  dinners  on  the 
fire.  We  remained  sheltered  till  our  dinners  were  over-cooked.  The 
boys  were  so  mad  at  this,  that  they  omitted  to  return  thanks  at  their 
meals. 

Near  midnight,  while  Dr.  Wilson  was  dressing  the  wounds  of  one 
of  the  men,  the  light  of  the  candle  he  was  using  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  rebel  gunner  on  the  mountain,  and  a  shot  was  fired 
which  was  well  aimed.  It  carried  off  a  leg  apiece  for  Esau  Rice 
and  Albert  Fields,  of  our  regiment,  who  were  assisting  the  surgeon 
in  his  duties.  How  shall  I  ever  forget  the  shrieks  of  these  men  ? 
The  day  and  night  have  been  full  of  terror  to  us  all.  During  the 
night  we  packed  up,  and  for  a  time  expected  to  move  out. 

2j.  Our  batteries  and  skirmishers  made  it  lively  for  the  enemy  all 
day,  with  little  reply  from  that  side  till  late  in  the  evening.  Some 
of  the  left  companies  strengthened  their  works  during  the  night. 
We  rested  unusually  well. 

24.  This  has  been  rather  a  (piiet  day.  Some  of  us  have  not  had 
our  clothes  off  to  sleep  for  many  days.  A  little  cpiiet  and  rest  just 
now  would  be  appreciated.  The  rebel  guns  on  the  mountain  seem 
to  have  dissappeared. 

25.  We  learn  that  yesterday  was  a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer  with 
the  rebels.  If  we  had  known  it  sooner  we  would  not  have  disturbed 
them  in  their  devotions  as  we  did.  This  statement  explains  their 
silence  during  the  day.  They  have  my  permission  to  fast  and  pray 
continually.     But  the  prayer  of  the  wicked  is  an  abomination. 

They  have  been  shelling  us  furiously  again  to-day.     There  are  ten 


June,  '64.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  87 

or  twelve  guns  on  a  side  and  they  fire  by  volleys.  A  man  may  dodge 
one  shot,  but  when  they  come  by  the  dozen  it  confuses  him.  The 
weather  is  warm  and  clear.     At  dusk   we  are  under  orders  to  move. 

26.  Sunday.  At  1:30  A.M.  we  retired  to  the  rear  (juitely,  marched 
first  in  the  direction  of  Big  Shanty,  then  filing  left,  we  moved  toward 
the  right  of  our  line  about  four  miles.  Halted  and  spent  the  day.  I 
visited  the  66th  O.  V.  I.  and  took  dinner  with  Coffee,  Hendrix,  Par- 
ker and  Doak.  I  am  needing  sleep  ;  have  been  rising  too  early  and 
too  often  of  late. 

27.  The  day  dawned  bright  and  pleasant.  There  is  an  air  of 
sober  business  on  the  faces  of  our  officers;  coming  events  are  casting 
their  shadows  before.  Early  in  the  morning  we  piled  our  knapsacks 
and  surplus  baggage,  and  made  other  necessary  plans  for  an  attack. 
Knots  of  staff,  field  and  company  officers  can  be  seen  in  earnest 
consultation,  and  I  can  overhear  the  officers  and  men  telling  each 
other  what  they  wish  to  have  done  in  case  the  worst  happens.  The 
enemy  is  strongly  intrenched  in  our  front,  and  it  gradually  dawns 
upon  us  in  the  ranks,  that  we  are  to  carry  his  works  by  assault.  The 
troops  of  Thomas  and  McPherson  are  to  charge  at  two  different 
points — McPherson  at  Little  Kenesaw,  and  Thomas  a  mile  further 
south.  We  learn,  also,  that  the  charge  is  to  be  led  by  the  two 
brigades  of  McCook  and  Mitchell. 

KENESAW. 

The  brigade  formed  in  line  of  battle  on  an  elevation,  with  a  ravine 
in  our  front  at  a  distance  of  two  hundred  yards.  After  a  halt  of 
twenty  minutes,  during  which  time  the  34th  Illinois  V.  V.  Infantry 
were  deployed  as  skirmishers,  we  fixed  bayonets  and  moved  briskly 
down  the  slope,  passed  over  our  reserve  lines,  which  lay  in  trenches 
near  the  ravine,  clambered  through  the  little  rivulet  at  the  bottom  of 
the  ravine,  and  began  the  ascent  of  a  gentle  slope,  at  the  top 
of  which  the  enemy  lay  waiting  our  approach.  As  we  left  the  ravine, 
our  line,  which  thus  far  had  been  moving  in  splendid  order,  began  to 
falter  by  reason  of  the  obstructions  which  impeded  our  advance. 
Saplings  and  underbrush  had  been  cut  and  cross-lapped  in  a  manner 
that  made  it  impossible  to  keep  in  line,  or  to  advance  singly,  with 
any  rapidity.  Those  who  managed  to  struggle  through  and  move  on, 
received  a  welcome  of  death  from  the  foe,  for  they  had  now  opened 
ui)on  our  ragged  line  a  murderous  fire.  Parts  of  our  line  reached 
within   a  few  feet  of  their  works;  many  of  our  men  crowded   up  to 


88  Evcry-(/ay  Soliikr  Life  :  |  JJluudy  Kcncsaw 

the  works  only  to  be  shot  down  ;  a  few  climbed  iiiKjn  their  works  and 
were  made  prisoners.  Hut  the  greater  number,  sheltered  behind 
trees  and  rocks,  began  firing  at  the  enemy.  This  continued  some 
minutes — minutes  that  seemed  ages.  It  now  seemed  plain  that  the 
plan  of  attack  had  failed,  and  that  further  effort  to  take  the  works 
would  be  madness. 

An  order  was  given  to  fall  back,  and  one  by  one,  each  man  caring 
for  himself,  the  men  retreated  to  the  rear,  leaving  the  dead  and 
wounded  where  the)  fell.  I  fell  l)ack  from  one  tree  to  another,  at 
each  of  which  I  tried  to  find  safety.  Reaching  a  ditch,  which  had 
been  used  as  a  picket  station,  1  crouched  into  it,  and  rested  for 
a  time,  the  bullets  and  shells  of  the  enemy  flying  thick  and  noisy 
over  my  head.  At  length,  John  E.  Davis,  Company  K,  came  along, 
wounded,  and  1  took  him  toward  the  rear.  Then  coming  across 
Cyrus  Parmer,  Company  E,  who  was  wounded  in  the  leg,  I  gave 
Davis  in  charge  of  H.  L.  Hobart,  Company  D,  and  with  Parmer  on 
my  back,  I  carried  him  some  distance,  then  with  the  help  of  three 
of  the  others,  we  placed  him  on  a  blanket,  and  carried  him  to  a  place 
in  the  rear,  where  our  wounded  were  being  collected.  Then  return- 
ing toward  the  line,  1  assisted  others  to  carry  off  William  Jenkins. 
Later  in  the  day  a  fragment  of  the  several  companies  rallied  into 
line  and  began  the  erection  of  works  fronting  the  enemy,  and  fifty 
yards  from  the  ravine  I  have  mentioned. 

Night  came  on,  and  we  began  to  ])lan  to  bring  off  our  wounded. 
Many  had  remained  on  the  field  till  nightfall,  and  iiow  returned 
unharmed.  These  had  taken  shelter  behind  logs  and  rocks,  from 
which  they  could  not  escape  except  at  the  risk  of  being  killed  or 
wounded.  Others  lay  uncared  for  and  e.xposed  to  a  continual  fire  all 
the  afternoon.  Late  in  the  night,  when  we  thought  it  possible  to  go 
onto  the  field  with  any  degree  of  safety,  a  party  of  four,  Wm.  Cisco, 
George  Carroll,  Leonard  Keitzleinan  and  myself,  took  a  blanket  and 
proceeded  cautiously  forward  in  the  direction  of  a  point  where 
several  of  our  men  had  fallen.  We  halted  and  listened.  The 
groans  of  a  wounded  man  were  heard  in  a  left  oblique  direction. 
We  spoke  cautiously,  and  an  answer  came  promptly.  We  groped 
our  way  to  the  sufferer,  and  found  him  to  be  Sergeant  Henry  C. 
Scott,  of  my  own  company.  Placing  him  on  our  blanket  with  great 
difficulty,  we  carried  him  back  to  our  works  in  safety.  He  was 
mortally  wounded,  and  expressed  his  thankfulness  for  our  effort  to 
bring  him  off.     Still  later,  I  went  again  on  the  field  with  Isaac  Green, 


June,  '64.]  History  oj  the  113th  O.  /'.  /.  89 

Jonathan  Merica,  Andrew  Heller  and  John  Wilson.  We  found  and 
brought  off  Corporal  Peter  Baker.  His  wounds  were  serious,  but  we 
hoped  they  would  not  prove  fatal.  Similar  efforts  were  made  by  the 
men  in  other  companies,  and  in  this  manner  nearly  all  our  wounded 
were  rescued.  The  following  list  of  the  killed  or  mortally  wounded 
is  very  nearly  accurate : 

A — Everett  W.  Jackson,  Louis  H.  Kennedy. 

F — Lieutenant  E.  Crouse,  Sergeant  Lyman  Lincoln. 

C. — Titus  Chamberlain,  John  Martin,  Hiram  Wilcox. 

H. — John  W.  Charter,  Freeman  Dulen,  Michael  O'Connell,  Andrew 
J.  Rhoades,  Eugene  H.  Palin,  Elisha  Stetler. 

E. — Captain   John   Bowersock,  Sergeant  H.  C.  Scott,  Jacob  Hees. 

K. — Corporal  Ezra  Allen,  Stephen  V.  Barr,  William  Coppin,  Hiram 
Hancock,  Levi  Romine,  Joseph  Wilkinson,  Lemuel  P.  Jones,  Booker 
R.  Durnell. 

C. — Sergeant  Joseph  Parker,  Levi  Griffin. 

B. — Amos  D.  Leady. 

Several  who  are  reported  missing  are  doubtless  among  the  killed. 

Our  total  loss  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing  is  one  hundred  and 
fifty-three.  We  are  not  humiliated  in  our  failure  to  carry  the  works  of 
the  enemy  ;  all  was  done  that  brave  men  could  do.  But  for  the  obstruc- 
tions which  impeded  our  advance  we  must  have  succeeded.  Hun- 
dreds, yea  thousands  of  incidents  occurred  that  could  add  interest  to 
this  account.  Otho  W.  Loofborrow  of  Company  G,  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  but  after  dark  he  gave  them  the  slip  and  came 
bounding  into  our  lines.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Warner  was  shot  in  the 
right  arm ;  it  will  retiuire  amputation.  Lieutenant  McCrea  was 
overcome  with  heat,  and  for  a  while  was  in  a  dangerous  condition. 
George  Nichols  got  cornered  on  the  field,  and  did  not  get  away 
till  night  came  on.  W.  P.  Souder,  Company  C,  was  wounded  in  the 
left  leg  and  remained  on  the  field  till  late  in  the  afternoon,  when  he 
was  carried  off  by  his  comrades. 

M.  Quad  in  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer  speaks  of  this  from  a  rebel 
standj)oint,  and  says  : 

H <  )W  A Rd's    attack . 

"  From  where  Howard's  men  formed  in  columns  of  assault  to  the 
first  Confederate  works  is  not  more  than  six  hundred  yards.  The 
Federal  troops  could  not  be  seen  on  account  of  the  thickets,  but  they 
could  be  plainy  heard,  and  the  men  behind  the  breast  works  were 
ready  and  waiting.  'I'here  was  a  sharp  artillery  fire  along  this  front 
for  twenty  minutes  l)efore  the  Confederate  pickets  were  driven  in, 
9 


go  Ki't'iy-thiy  Soltiicr  Lijc :  [IJloudy  Kcnesaw 

but  it  did  not  result  in  the  loss  of  a  single  life.  I  talked  with  several 
Confederates  who  were  at  the  front,  and  each  one  told  the  same 
story.  Tons  upon  tons  of  solid  shot  and  shell  were  hurled  at  the 
mountain  side,  but  struck  the  trees  and  rocks,  and  resulted  in  nothing 
further  than  demoralizing  some  of  the  men  who  had  not  l)een  under 
fire  before.  One  who  traverses  the  sides  of  Kenesaw  to-day  will  find 
where  the  pines  were  split  and  the  rocks  shattered  by  this  artillery 
fire,  but  the  men  down  behind  the  works  were  as  safe  as  the  women 
of  Marietta  in  their  homes. 

STRIKING    THK    ABATIS. 

All  along  the  front  against  which  Howard  was  to  advance  the  Con- 
federate works  were  protected  by  abatis.  An  abatis  is  a  death-trap 
to  add  to  the  horrors  of  war.  In  some  cases  it  is  a  slashing.  Trees 
are  fallen  criss-cross,  the  smaller  branches  trimmed  out,  and  he  who 
approaches  must  have  the  activity  of  a  panther  to  wriggle  through 
and  climb  over.  An  abatis  of  this  sort  can  not  be  passed  by  a  hun- 
ter left  free  to  make  his  way,  without  a  detention  of  from  ten  to 
fifteen  minutes.  What,  then,  must  such  an  obstruction  be  to  a 
column  of  assault,  the  men  loaded  down  with  accoutrements,  and  a 
murderous  fire  being  poured  into  their  faces  at  a  range  of  a  hundred 
feet?  In  other  cases  the  abatis  is  formed  of  sharpened  sticks  and 
rails  and  limbs,  one  end  made  fast  in  the  earth  just  in  front  of  the 
works,  the  other  sharpened  and  pointed  to  such  an  angle  as  would 
strike  a  man's  breast.  To  reach  the  works  behind,  the  assaulters 
must  pass  this  obstruction  or  tear  it  away,  and  they  must  work  under 
the  deadly  aim  of  the  men  defending  the  works.  It  was  only  in  rare 
instances  during  the  war  that  an  abatis  was  carried. 

Howard's  column  advanced  with  great  enthusiasm,  driving  in  the 
Confederate  skirmishers  and  picket  all  along  the  front,  but  when  they 
dashed  at  the  real  Confederate  line  they  found  an  abatis  in  their 
front.  Then,  for  ten  minutes,  war  became  slaughter.  The  blue- 
coats  would  not  retreat — they  could  not  advance. 

We  knew  they  were  coming  and  we  were  ready.  I  had  sixty  rounds 
of  cartridges,  and  I  had  them  in  a  heap  on  the  ground  beside  me. 
On  my  part  of  the  line  we  had  a  log  on  the  crest  of  the  breastworks. 
This  was  raised  about  four  inches,  and  our  guns  were  thrust  between 
the  log  and  the  earth.  This  not  only  protected  our  heads,  but  gave 
us  a  dead  rest  and  a  sure  aim.  One  of  the  -heads  of  an  assaulting 
column  struck  the  abatis  just  opposite  me.  Some  of  the  men  threw 
down  their  guns  and  began  to  tear  at  the  limbs,  while  others  opened 
fire.  You  can  judge  what  sort  of  a  place  it  was  when  I  tell  you  that 
I  fired  seventeen  shots  as  cooly  as  a  hunter  would  fire  at  a  squirrel, 
and  I  hit  a  man  every  time.  There  was  a  boy  fifteen  years  old  along- 
side of  me  with  a  shot  gun,  and  I  believe  he  killed  and  wounded 
twenty  men.  I  was  glad  to  see  the  column  retreat.  It  looked  too 
much  like  cold  blooded  murder  to  kneel  there  and  take  dead  aim  on 
a  man  so  near  that  you  could  see  the  color  of  his  eyes  and  hair. 


June,  '64.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  91 


BEATEN    HACK. 

Howard's  troops  were  beaten  back,  but  they  only  retreated  to 
break  into  groups  and  keep  up  the  fight  from  behind  trees.  It  would 
have  been  better  to  have  fallen  back  to  the  lines.  Their  fire  inflicted 
no  damage,  and  the  Confederates  were  given  a  chance  to  pick  off 
many  gallant  officers. 

The  bravest  man  would  not  have  lost  prestige  by  a  speedy  retreat, 
but  the  Federals  stayed  there.  Along  the  Confederate  breastwork 
is  a  fringe  of  trees.  It  was  there  that  day.  The  Federals  did  not 
get  between  this  fringe  and  the  works  except  in  a  few  instances. 
Their  fire,  therefore,  must  have  been  shooting  at  random  in  the 
direction  of  the  Confederates.  In  nine  cases  out  of  ten  the  Confed- 
erates could  not  see  their  target,  but  fired  into  the  woods.  On  a 
front  of  eighty  rods,  by  about  the  same  depth,  I  saw  tens  of 
thousands  of  scars  of  that  conflict.  Trees  were  so  riddled  by 
musket  balls  that,  where  still  living,  they  present  the  strangest  and 
most  grotesque  appearance.  One  tree,  about  the  size  of  a  man's 
body,  was  girdled  excepting  a  space  three  inches  in  width.  Others, 
struck  by  shot  or  shell  at  a  point  six  feet  above  the  ground,  were 
split  open  to  the  first  limb,  perhaps  twenty  feet  above  the  ground. 
There  is  one  standing  there  and  growing  thriftily,  through  which  a 
solid  shot  passed  and  left  a  hole  in  which  a  man  may  thrust  his  arm 
until  his  hand  appears  on  the  other  side  of  the  tree.  Logan  might 
have  deemed  it  bravery  to  hold  men  in  position  when  they  were 
losing  ten  to  one,  but  it  was  not.  No  man  is  so  reckless  that  he  does 
not  demand  a  fair  show  for  his  life.  The  Federals  loaded  and  fired 
and  held  their  lines,  but  to  advance  further  was  impossible.  When 
seven  out  of  every  ten  officers  in  the  various  commands  had  fallen, 
and  some  of  the  regiments  had  lost  a  third  of  their  number,  the 
order  was  given  to  fall  back  out  of  range  of  the  musketry,  and  to 
take  advantage  of  the  lay  of  the  ground  to  hold  much  of  the  ground 
gained. 

palmer's  attack. 

Palmer  was  further  down  the  line  opposite  Hardee's  C'orps.  Under 
cover  of  the  woods  he  quietly  massed  for  the  assault,  and  when  the 
signal  came  his  men  made  a  gallant  rush.  Hardee,  too,  had  a  strong 
skirmish  line  in  his  front,  and  before  this  was  driven  in,  the  men 
behind  the  breastworks  were  prepared  for  the  storm.  The  abatis 
was  not  so  strong  in  front  of  Hardee,  but  it  was  strong  enough  to 
stop  the  advance.  A  winrow  of  small  trees  not  larger  than  a  man's 
leg,  cut  so  that  the  tops  fall  outward,  will  check  and  hold  a  column 
of  assault  until  it  is  decimated.  The  trees  on  this  front  were 
smaller,  and  in  some  places  the  Federals  crei)t  through  them  and 
were  killed  within  fifty  feet  of  the  Confederate  muskets. 

In  front  of  two  Companies  of  Wright's  Brigade,  of  Chetham's 
Division,  and  not  over  two  hundred  feet  away,  was  a  knoll  perhaps  a 
hundred  feet  wide  on  the  crest.  This  knoll  was  mostly  clear  of  trees, 
and  the  Federals,  in  surging  from  right  to  left  and  back,  were  in  plain 


92  Evt'iy-Uay  Soldier  Li/e :  [After  the  liattle 

view  as  they  crossed  it.  'Die  slaughter  right  there  was  something 
awful.  Seventy  or  eigluy  muskets  and  a  piece  of  artillery  using 
grape  had  a  dead  fire  on  the  knoll,  and  after  the  repulse,  some  of  the 
Confederates  crept  forward  and  were  horrified  at  the  sight.  The 
dead  were  so  thick  that  they  lay  piled  upon  each  other,  and  streams 
of  blood  could  be  traced  for  ten  feet.  Men  had  been  hit  by  three 
or  four  bullets,  and  there  was  hardly  a  body  which  did  not  present 
a  ghastly  sight.  In  1869  a  Confederate  ex-soldier  from  Kentucky 
found  imbedded  in  the  bark  of  a  tree  two  hundred  feet  behind  this 
knoll  a  Federal  soldier's  belt  plate.  The  explosion  of  a  shell  must 
have  torn  him  to  fragments  and  sent  that  plate  to  the  si>ot  where  it 
was  found. 

repui.se. 
The  longer  Palmer  remained,  the  hotter  grew  the  fire,  and,  like 
Logan  and  Howard,  he  at  length  sounded  the  retreat.  He  had  done 
all  that  a  commander  could  do,  and  soldiers  never  stood  up  to  their 
work  with  more  pluck,  but  it  was  asking  them  to  accomplish  the 
impossible.  Bullets  and  shot  and  shell  followed  the  retreating  lines 
far  into  the  woods,  and  scores  of  men  were  killed  after  having  passed 
through  the  dangers  of  the  actual  assault  without  a  scratch." 

28.  We  are  busy  at  work  on  our  defences.  The  enemy  continue 
to  shell  us,  and  the  fight  between  the  pickets  rages  furiously. 
John  H.  Johnson  and  I  went  to  Brigade  Headtjuarters  and  got  some 
krout  for  Chatfield,  and  some  whisky  for  the  company.  Late  this 
evening  a  truce  was  agreed  upon,  and  our  dead  were  properly  buried. 
The  stench  of  the  battlefield  begins  to  be  very  offensive. 

The  body  of  Captain  Bowersock  was  brought  off  and  buried  in  the 
rear  of  his  company.  Two  solid  shot  were  placed  in  the  grave. 
Sergeant  Scott  died  to-day,  and  was  buried  in  a  coffin  at  Big  Shanty, 
by  Lieutenant  Swisher. 

2p.  Another  truce  prevailed  to-day  from  9  A.  M.  to  i  P.  M.,  and 
our  men  finished  burying  our  dead  comrades.  Soon  as  the  truce 
ended,  the  combatants  resumed  the  work  of  death.  Went  back  to 
the  place  from  which  we  moved  on  Monday,  and  assisted  I,ieutenant 
McCrea  prepare  a  "  Muster  Roll "  for  his  company.  Made  an 
inventory  of  the  personal  effects  of  Captain  Bowersock. 

JO.  A  brisk  fight  took  plack  before  daylight  in  our  front  and  to  our 
left.  It  lasted  about  fifteen  minutes,  resulting  in  the  killing  of  one 
man  of  the  98th  ().  V.  I.  The  woods  in  the  vicinity  of  our  line  was 
illuminated  by  the  light  of  exploding  shells.  Heavy  skirmish  firing 
goes  on  continually  between  the  opposing  lines.  Trees  in  our  front 
have  been  chipped  by  bullets  in  a  manner  that  is  astonishing. 


July,  '64.  J  History  of  the  iljth  O.  V.  I.  9^ 

JULY,    1864. 

/.  We  still  confront  the  rebels  at  Kenesaw,  and  the  rebels  still 
confront  us.  We  had  another  attack  at  midnight  last  night,  resulting 
in  a  heavy  loss  of  ammunition  and  some  swearing.  A  soldier  hates 
to  have  his  rest  broken. 

3.  Sunday.  We  find  no  enemy  in  our  front  this  morning.  Ken- 
esaw is  no  longer  his,  but  ours.  He"  slid  out  last  night,  and  we  will 
soon  be  in  pursuit.  After  breakfast  we  went  forward  and  spent 
some  time  on  the  battle  field  of  the  27th  inst.  It  presented  evi- 
dences of  a  great  struggle.  At  8  A.  M.  we  started  in  pursuit  of  John- 
son's army,  in  the  direction  of  Marietta,  reaching  that  place  in  two 
hours,  having  moved  at  a  very  slow  rate.  Remained  nearthe  town 
till  noon,  and  then  proceeding  four  miles  further,  we  seem  to  be  near- 
ing  the  rebel  rear.  Many  rebel  deserters  have  come  into  our  lines 
to-day.  Our  troops  are  in  good  spirits.  Camped  in  a  thick  woods. 
Marietta  is  the  county  seat  of  Cobb  county,  and  is  twenty  miles 
from  Atlanta. 

4.  We  are  celebrating  the  birthday  of  the  Nation  by  firing  an 
occasional  salute  on  the  works  of  the  foe  in  our  front.  Company  E 
was  on  the  skirmish  line  all  day,  and  it  was  very  interesting.  A  year 
ago  we  were  at  Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  and  on  that  day  Vicksburg  was 
taken  by  General  Grant.     Where  will  we  be  July  4th,  1865. 

J".  The  enemy  vacated  his  position  last  night  and  we  were  in 
full  pursuit  before  seven  o'clock.  We  pressed  his  rear  all  day  and 
the  rattle  of  musketry  and  roar  of  artillery  was  continuous.  Many 
prisoners  and  deserters  fell  into  our  hands.  The  113th  occupied  a 
line  of  incomplete  works  which  the  121st  had  vacated.  John  Bricker, 
Company  K,  was  killed  this  evening.  We  are  nearing  the  Chatta- 
hoochee river  and  our  camp  is  a  short  distance  from  Vining,  eleven 
miles  from  Atlanta. 

10.  Sunday.  We  have  been  in  front  of  the  rebels  since  the  5th, 
but  nothing  of  especial  moment  has  taken  place.  Johnson's  army 
fell  back  across  the  Chattahoochee  last  night,  destroying  the  bridge 
after  he  crossed.  We  seem  to  be  in  undisputed  possession  of  this 
side  of  the  river.  In  company  with  Bailey,  Company  K,  Low,  Com- 
l^any  B,  and  [.  O.  Kite,  C'ompany  E,  I  made  a  tour  of  inspection  of 
the  works  just  vacated  by  the  rebels.  It  is  very  strange  that  they 
l)uild  such  strong  works  and  then  vacate  them  without  an  efibrt 
to  resist  our  approach. 

12.  Company    E    relieved    the    pickets   of  the    34th    Illinois    \'(j1- 


f>4  Rvery-tiay  Soldicr-J.i/e :  [On  to  Atlanta 

unteers,  east  of  the  C.  cV'  A.  railroad,  and  in  the  evening  the  94th  O. 
V.  1.  took  our  places.     We  get  a  mail. 

77.  Sunday.  A  pontoon  bridge  is  being  completed  across  the 
Chattahoochee  this  morning.  The  river  is  one  hundred  and  fifty 
yards  wide  at  this  point.  About  noon  we  crossed  to  the  south  side, 
advanced  some  distance  from  the  river,  driving  the  rebel  skirmishers 
before  us.  Later  in  the  evening  we  advanced  a  mile,  by  the  right  of 
companies  to  the  front.  NVt;  threw  \\\)  a  line  of  works.  This  is  my 
wife's  birthday;  we  have  l)een  married  three  years,  and  she  is 
twenty-one. 

18.  Part  of  the  brigade  went  to  the  front,  but  at  noon  returned 
without  any  particular  adventure.  During  the  afternoon  we  again 
went  to  the  front,  threw  up  some  works  and  spent  the  night. 

/(?.  We  held  our  position  till  evening,  and  moved  out  to  Nancy's 
Creek,  (Peachtree.)  About  sunset  the  Third  Brigade  became  en- 
gaged, and  for  a  time  we  were  exposed  to  the  enemy's  fire.  Levi 
Thomas,  Company  G,  and  John  Weber,  Company  A,  were  killed,  and 
two  other  men  of  the  113th  were  wounded.  Companies  I,  E  and  K 
carried  the  logs  of  an  old  house,  standing  near  the  stream,  and  con- 
structed a  bridge,  finishing  it  at  midnight.  While  we  were  thus 
engaged,  my  attention  was  attracted  to  a  body  floatmg  in  the  stream. 
I  dragged  it  out,  and  beheld  the  body  of  a  beardless  youth,  who  had 
been  shot  through  the  body,  and  had  fallen  into  the  creek  unobserved 
by  his  comrades.  No  one  will  ever  tell  that  boy's  mother  the  story 
of  her  son's  death. 

20.  At  three  o'clock  this  morning  we  crossed  the  stream  and  threw 
up  a  line  of  rifle  pits  in  a  cornfield,  where  we  remained  all  day  and 
all  night. 

21.  The  rebels  left  our  front  last  night,  and  before  breakfast  the 
113th  moved  to  the  front  to  reconnoiter.  At  the  distance  of  a  mile 
we  began  to  erect  works,  but  left  them  unfinished,  and  returned  to 
our  rifle  pits  in  the  cornfield.  After  dinner,  the  regiment  again  went 
out  and  picketed  to  the  southeast.  Companies  D,  I,  K,  G  and  B, 
went  on  the  outposts,  the  other  five  companies  were  in  reserve. 
There  has  been  hard  fighting  on  our  left,  but  we  know  little  of  the 
particulars. 

22.  At  10  A.  M.  the  regiment  returned  to  its  former  position  in  the 
cornfield,  and  at  noon  the  whole  brigade  moved  with  the  divisionMn 
the  direction  of  Atlanta,  the  rebels  having  again  fallen  back.  The 
division  halted  on  several  hills  within  four  miles  of  Atlanta.     Here 


August,  '64.]  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  95 

we  fortified  and  sent  out  a  skirmish  line.  We  are  confronting  the 
enemy  again. 

23.  Spent  the  day  fortifying.  Our  batteries  are  shelling  the  city 
of  Atlanta. 

2^.  Sunday.  Am  not  well.  1  am  in  good  spirits,  however,  and  if 
I  had  swallowed  Dr.  Wilson's  prescrii:)tion  instead  of  putting  it  in 
my  vest  pocket,  I  might  be  in  better  health. 

26.  Was  on  picket  to-day,  the  line  being  commanded  by  Captain 
Otway  Watson.  We  had  an  agreeable  time,  and  were  exposed  to 
very  little  danger. 

28.  The  brigade  made  a  reconnoisance  to  the  southwest,  returning 
late  at  night.  Spent  the  night  a  mile  from  our  works.  The  men  are 
much  scattered,  and  l)ut  few  are  with  their  companies  at  the  halt. 
There  has  been  some  hard  fighting  to-day,  of  which  we  learn  no  par- 
ticulars. 

2g.  Instead  of  returning  to  our  own  works,  we  occupied  a  partially 
completed  line  which  had  been  constructed  by  other  troops.  This  is 
near  the  place  where  the  battle  raged  yesterday,  and  a  number  of  us 
visited  the  field  during  the  day.  The  dead  of  both  sides  remain 
unburied,  and  the  scene  presents  some  jMctures  that  are  shocking, 
even  to  a  soldier. 

30.  At  noon  our  brigade  moved  to  the  right -and  threw  u[)a  line  of 
works  a  mile  from  our  position  of  last  night.  The  weather  is  op- 
pressively warm. 

31.  Our  brigade  scouted  sevenil  miles  in  the  direction  of  the  left 
of  the  enemy,  and  then  returned  to  our  position  of  the  morning  in  a 
tremendous  rain.  We  had  left  our  baggage  in  our  line,  and  as 
a  consequence  we  got  very  wet,  and  we  remained  wet  all  night. 


A  U(i  U  ST,    1864. 

/.  Quiet  reigns  to-day.  The  rebel  lines  at  this  point  are  not  as 
close  to  ours  as  usual.  This  may  explain  why  it  is  so  quiet.  My 
wife's  letter  of  June  27lh  is  at  hand,  containing  ;$5.  It  has  been 
a  long  time  coming. 

2.  Companies  H,  E,  K,  (i,  and  B,  went  on  the  skirmish  line  in 
front  of  our  brigade,  and  with  the  troops  of  the  15th  A.  C.  in  front  of 
us.  This  is  a  strange  position  indeed.  The  woods  are  a  dense  mass 
of  brush. 


96  Evcry-tiuy  SolUiir  Lijc  :      [In  tronl  of  AlhmUi 

4.  Yesterday  was  a  (|uiel  day  with  no  incident  or  movement  worth 
recording.  Tliis  morning,  long  before  day,  orders  were  given  to  be 
reatly  to  move,  hut  we  spent  the  forenoon  resting  in  line. 

After  dinner  the  whole  division  moved  to  the  right  three  miles, 
leaving  knapsacks  and  baggage  behind.  Here  we  fortified  in  a  thick 
wockIs.  This  day  was  set  apart  by  the  President  as  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer,  but  things  hereabouts  went  on  after  the  usual  i)lan,  eat- 
ing all  we  had  and  praying  for  more. 

5.  During  the  foren(x)n  wc  advanced  a  mile  furtiier  south,  halted 
and  constructed  ;i  line  (jf  works  under  a  heav\  artillery  fire.  Half 
the  men  returned  and  brought  up  our  knapsacks.  'I'wo  men  were 
wounded  this  evening.      Remained  in  our  works  during  the  night. 

6.  The  command  constructed  and  occupied  another  line  of  defense 
two  hundred  yards  in  advance.  The  enemy's  artillery  have  range  of 
us  and  his  shelling  has  annoyed  us  sorely.  Johnson,  Company  1, 
had  a  leg  shot  off  by  a  shell,  and  a  man  in  Company  B  was  wounded. 
It  has  t)een  a  day  of  great  peril. 

7.  Sundav.  Quiet  remained  at  the  front  till  three  in. the  afternoon, 
when  it  was  ;iscertained  that  the  enemy  in  our  front  had  given  way. 
We  moved  our  line  to  the  front  at  once,  driving  in  or  capturing  the 
pickets  who  made  a  strong  effort  to  hold  us  in  check.  Our  line  halted 
at  their  vacated  ])icket  line,  and  while  the  foe  raked  us  with  shot  and 
shell  we  threw  \\\)  ritle-|)its  and  sheltered  ourselves  behind  them. 
While  we  advanced  across  a  clear  field  to  take  up  a  j)Osition  here, 
the  enemv  had  plain  view  of  our  line  and  from  a  battery  to  our  left 
front  he  sent  in  the  solid  shot  in  a  manner  that  made  my  hair  stand 
on  end.  Captain  Jones,  who  commanded  tiie  113th  at  the  time, 
shouted:  "steady,  men,  guide  right — steady,  men,  guide  right,"  and 
the  men  kept  their  places  like  grains  of  corn  on  the  cob  While  we 
were  busy  at  our  defenses,  Sergeant  Cyrus  T.  Ward,  Company  E,  was 
wounded  in  the  hip.  A  few  minutes  later  a  shell  carred  off  the  head 
of  Anthony  Shimmel  of  the  same  company.  By  desperately  hard 
work  we  had  our  defenses  in  good  shape  when  night  came  on.  The 
enemy  seems  to  know  that  he  has  a  good  range  of  our  works,  and  he 
keeps  reminding  us  of  it  every  few  minutes.  After  dark,  P.  T.  Bow- 
man and  I  carried  the  body  of  Shimmel  to  the  rear,  dug  a  grave  and 
gave  it  burial.  On  a  tree  near  the  grave  we  cut  his  name,  company, 
and  regiment.     Shimmel  was  a  German  and  a  brave  soldier. 

8.  .\n  occasional  shot  is  given  and  received  from  either  side  by 
the  artillery.  'Hie  skirmishers  seem  to  be  earning  their  $13  a  month, 
judging  l)y  their  continuous  firing. 


August,  '64. J  Iliilory  oj  Ihc  ujlh  O.  V.  I.  97 


Late  in  the  evening  the  regimental  bugler,  Uriah  A.  McComb  was 
shot  and  killed  while  putting  up  a  tent  for  regimental  headcpiarters. 
Judson  Swisher  caught  him  as  he  fell  and  ministered  to  him  in  his 
dying  moments. 

g.  The  smell  from  a  dead  horse  in  front  of  us  is  almost  as  unbearable 
as  the  enemy's  artillery.  Henry  S.  Gingery,  Company  B,  was  badly 
wounded  this  afternoon.  Major  Sullivant  is  now  sick  and  in  the 
rear,  leaving  the  regiment  under  command  of  Captain  Jones. 

10.  It  has  been  raining  for  several  days  past.  ^Ve  work  wet,  eat 
wet,  and  sleep  wet.  Found  time  to-day  to  write  a  letter  or  two. 
The  enemy's  guns  annoy  us  as  usual,  and  the  thing  is  getting  a 
little  old. 

//.  The  day  is  warm  and  clear.  Several  men  were  wounded  on 
the  skirmish  line  to-day,  among  them  Jacob  Huben,  Company  K, 
who  gets  a  bad  shot  in  the  leg. 

12.  Before  day  we  moved  back  to  the  line  of  works  from  which  we 
moved  Sunday.  Remained  here  till  sunup,  when  we  moved  a  mile 
to  the  right,  relieving  troops  of  the  23d  A.  C.  \s  ^  are  now  behind 
strong  works  and  in  a  good  shade.  The  men  complain  of  short 
rations. 

14.  Sunday.  This  is  called  V\'illis'  Mills,  but  why  it  is  so  named 
I  cannot  tell.  The  Chaplain  of  the  gSth  O.  Y.  I.  preached  to  the 
brigade  to-day.  An  occasional  bullet  whizzed  over  the  audience, 
suggesting  that  carnal  and  j,piritual  things  occupy  disputed  ground. 
Companies  A,  K  and  C  are  in  front  of  the  brigade,  skirmishing. 
Andrew  Heller,  Company  E,  died  in  Division  hospital  yesterday. 

15.  The  line  in  our  front  is  very  cpiiet.  The  78th  Illinois  Vol- 
unteers hold  the  skirmish  line.  They  are  first-class  soldiers.  We 
have  known  them  a  long  while.  Two  deserters  came  into  our  lines. 
Two  years  ago  to-day  I  enlisted.  .Am  glad  of  it  now.  1  might  have 
waited  and  joined  a  regiment  composed  of  ordinary  men.  The 
officers  and  men  of  the  [13th  are  composed  of  superior  material. 

18.  Our  line  is  very  i[uiet,  if  I  e.vcept  the  iiring  by  the  pickets  of 
both  lines.  We  can  hear  hea\y  figluing  toward  Atlanta,  but  learn 
no  particulars. 

ig.  Companies  C,  1),  K  ami  11  occupy  the  skirmish  line.  The 
First  and  Third  Brigades  moved  out  of  the  line,  leaving  the  Second 
to  occui)y  the  space  which  lias  been  held  by  the  entire  division. 

One  of  Company  15  was  wounded.  In  the  evening  we  can  hear 
the  music  of  the  enemy's   bands  very  plainh'. 


98  livcry-iiay  SohUii   l.iji  :  1 1- lonling  AtUinla 

21.  Mike  Huddleston  and  I  went  to  the  rear  to-day  and  gathered 
elderberries.  On  our  return  we  saw  six  rebel  deserters  c<jniin[f  in 
under  guard.  NN  e  have  no  mail  lor  a  da\  or  two,  and  we  learn  of  a 
raid  in  our  rear  near  Dallon.  John  Craig  foraged  some  corn  to-day. 
My  messmate,  John  (ianson,  has  the  (olic.  That  is  a  bad  thing  Kj 
sleep  with. 

2 J.  Lieutenant  .M(  C!rea  is  not  well,  and  has  been  back  at  the  tent 
of  Quartermaster  Swisher.  To-da)  1  went  to  see  him,  and  assisted 
him  with  some  accouiits  pertaining  to  the  coniijany.  W'e  made  a 
Clothing  Receipt  Roll  for  July  and  August.  Letters  from  Ohio 
reach  us  in  five  days  from  their  date. 

26.  For  a  day  or  two  nothing  has  happened  on  this  part  of  the 
line  out  of  the  usual  course  of  daily  duty.  A  strong  picket  line  i> 
maintained  close  to  the  enemy's  jjickets.  The  two  lines  often  agree 
not  to  fire  on  each  other  during  the  day  and  night ;  but  the  next  day 
a  new  detail  comes  on,  and  hostilities  again  open.  An  order  to 
move  has  been  issued,  and  we  are  harnessed  and  ready. 

27.  At  3:30  A.  M.  we  retired  from  the  line  at  Willis'  Mills,  and, 
moving  out  two  miles,  halted  in  an  orchard  near  a  farm  house  and 
cotton  mill.  -Several  good  looking  women,  and  a  negro  with  six  toes 
attracted  our  attention.  Late  in  the  evening  a  light  defense  was 
thrown  up  in  our  front.  The  rebels  exchanged  a  few  shots  with  our 
rear. 

28.  Sunday.  The  division  moved  at  the  dawn  of  da\ ,  and  for 
several  miles  we  marched  briskly.  Halted  at  7  \.  M.,  stacked  arms 
and  rested.  At  9  A.  M.  we  moved  southward,  passed  the  4th  A.  C, 
and  again  halted.  The  121st  was  deployed  and  drove  the  rel)els 
from  a  wood\-  hill  on  our  left  Hank.  .\t  2:30  I^.  M.  we  reached  the 
railroad  leading  westerly  from  .Atlanta.  Companies  K.  (1,  H  and  K 
stood  picket  in  front  of  the  brigade.      We  had  no  dinner. 

2g.  The  division  did  not  move.  We  understand  this  movement 
to  be  to  flank  the  enemy  out  of  .\tlarita.  We  know  nothing  of  the 
details  of  the  plan,  but  are  doing  our  share  in  the  movement  with 
the  utmost  confidence  of  its  success,  What  transpires  within  a  day 
or  two  from  this  will  make  good  reading  for  our  descendants.  The 
companies  of  the  1 13th  which  went  on  picket  yesterday  were  relieved 
at  5:30  P.  M.  We  have  hud  plenty  of  meat  and  sweet  potatoes,  but 
it  came  near  getting  us  into  trouble.  We  ate  two  big  suppers  and 
enjoyed  a  splendid  spell  of  nightmare. 

jO.   Reveille  sounded  early.     At  seven  we  marched,  gcjing  south  by 


August,  '64. J  History  0/  the  113th  O.  I'.  J.  99 

southeast.  At  ri  A.  M.  we  halted  for  dinner.  Company  E  was 
placed  on  the  left  of  the  moving  column  as  flankers.  The  line 
moved  on  four  miles  further,  where  it  halted  for  the  night.  We 
traveled  fourteen  miles  to-day,  mostly  southeasterly.  Many  of  the 
men  fell  out  during  the  afternoon,  and  reached  the  regiment  long 
after  we  stacked  arms.     A  mail  was  distributed. 

ji.  Before  daylight  orders  came  to  be  ready  to  move  at  once. 
We  did  not  march,  but  remained  halted  till  noon,  during  which  time 
our  artillery  shelled  a  wagon  train  of  the  enemy  in  the  distance. 
Our  men  are  living  high  on  the  products  of  the  land.  Chickens, 
hogs,  cattle,  sheep,  geese,  turkeys,  corn,  flour,  meal,  potatoes  and 
everything  eatable  is  brought  in  by  the  quantity.  Soldiers  have 
consciences,  but  they  make  very  little  use  of  them. 

At  11:30  A.  M.  our  brigade  left  faced ^  and  moving  left  in  front, 
reached  a  sorghum  field  at  the  distance  of  a  mile.  Rested  an  hour. 
Moved  again  in  an  easterly  direction,  and  after  going  three  miles,  we 
halted  near  a  house,  at  which  General  Baird  had  his  headquarters. 
A  guard  was  on  duty  vainly  trying  to  prevent  the  soldiers  from 
pillaging  the  premises.  It  was  no  use.  They  had  everything  their 
own  way.  A  lady  was  exchanging  greenbacks  for  Confederate 
money,  giving  six  dollars  in  greenbacks  for  fifteen  dollars  of  the 
worthless  promises  of  the  waning  Confederacy.  1  felt  sorry  for  her 
and  for  myself.  1  wished  that  I  had  my  knapsack  full  of  cheap 
money,  and  that  she  had  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  greenbacks.  I 
would  have  stayed  with  her. 

Half  a  mile  beyond  this  our  brigade  filed  left,  and  formed  a  line 
running  nearly  north  and  south. 

Bolt,  Cisco  and  Craig,  who  were  after  beef  when  the  regiment 
moved  at  noon,  now  came  up,  bringing  no  beef,  but  plenty  sweet 
potatoes  which  they  foraged  on  the  way.  They  reported  that  they 
had  received  the  beef  but  had  abandoned  it.  Then  a  majority  of 
the  company  resolved  itself  into  a  cursing  committee,  and  the  sulphur 
was  ignited.  Cisco  stood  to  the  front,  while  Bolt  and  Craig  were 
held  in  reserve.     The  attacking  party  was  repulsed. 

At  8  P.  M.  Cajjtain  Jones,  the  regimental  commander,  came  along 
the  line  and  told  us  we  would  remain  here  and- throw  up  works.  A 
big  fire  was  built  in  our  rear,  and  by  its  light  we  cut  trees  and  put 
the  logs  in  position  for  our  protection.  We  slept  at  eleven  at  night. 
Our  column  is  nearing  the  Macon  «S:  Western  railroad,  and  we  are 
now  more  than  twent)^  miles  from  Athinla.      We  have  been   in  close 


r>i3SGi{ 


1  oo  Every -day  Soldier  Lijc :  1 1- 1  a  n  k  i  n  g  A 1 1  a  n  t  n 

proximity  to  the  enemy  at  times  during  this  afternoon,  hut  we  have 
exchanged  only  an  occasional  shot  with  him. 


MATTLK  OV  jONKSIJOKO,   C.KORCWA. 

s  !•:  PI'  )•:  M  i;  !■:  k,  i  S64. 

/.  At  I  1  A.  M.  our  forces  moved  out  from  the  works  we  had  occu- 
pied last  night,  and  heading  southward,  moved  slowly  in  the  direction 
of  Jonesboro.  At  2:30  P.  M.  our  column  passed  that  of  the  17th 
A.  C,  and  having  crossed  a  small  creek,  we  filed  left  from  the  road 
on  which  we  had  been  marching,  and  were  moving  easterly,  when  a 
shot  from  a  battery  a  thousand  yards  southeast  of  us,  revealed  to  us 
the  position  of  the  enemy's  line.  The  battery  was  in  the  edge  of 
the  woods,  concealed  from  our  view.  The  first  shot  was  succeeded 
by  others  in  quick  succession,  and  our  column,  being  in  an  open 
field,  and  in  plain  view,  made  an  attractive  mark.  Their'  first  shots 
passed  above  our  heads,  but  others  that  followed  struck  the  earth  in 
front  of  us,  or  bursted  dangerously  near. 

The  113th  formed  in  line  facing  the  battery,  and  then  left  faced 
and  moved  to  the  northeast  in  an  effort  to  get  beyond  the  range  of 
their  tire.  We  were  still  in  plain  view  of  the  rebels'  guns,  and  he 
was  dropping  his  shells  along  our  line  in  a  fatal  manner.  One 
struck  in  Company  I,  killing  George  Kelsey  and  wounding  others. 
Some  of  our  men  sought  shelter  in  a  brushy  swamp  on  our  left,  and 
those  who  remained  obeyed  an  order  of  Captain  Jones,  to  lie  down 
in  a  gully,  which  had  been  washed  out  by  high  waters.  By  this 
time  our  artillery  was  in  position,  and  a  few  well  directed  shots  from 
them  silenced  the  rebel  guns,  and  permitted  us  to  rally  and  move  on. 

We  ascended  a  hill  to  a  position  near  a  hewed  log  house,  where 
we  halted  and  stacked  arms.  Here  the  l)rigade  was  sheltered  by  a 
woods  in  our  front.  The  staffs  of  the  division  and  brigade  com-  ' 
manders  reconnoitered  the  ground  in  our  front,  and  laid  plans  for  the 
immediate  future.  After  more  than  an  hour,  we  took  arms  and 
marched  left  in  front  into  a  cornfield,  in  the  direction  of  the  lines  of 
the  enemy.  Here  the  command,  "  by  company  into  line,"  brought 
us  into  line  of  battle,  and  descending  the  slo])e  we  reached  a  ravine 
running  from  right  to  left,  and  situated  more  than  three  hundred 
yards  fn)m  the  enemy's  line.      1  lere  a  halt  was  ordered.      (  )iir  position 


September,  '64.]         History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  1.  10 1 

was  a  good  one,  being  hidden  from  our  foes  by  an   intervening  hill, 
covered  with  corn. 

Three  companies  of  the  98th  ().  V.  I.,  commanded  by  Captain 
Roatch,  went  forward  to  skirmish,  and  the  other  companies  of  that 
regiment  constructed  rifle  pits  in  front  of  us,  near  the  crest  of  the 
hill.  The  rear  ranks  of  the  121st  Ohio,  and  34th  Illinois,  con- 
structed rifle  pits  in  our  rear,  on  the  slope  we  had  descended.  While 
this  work  went  on,  the  ri3th  rested  in  line  at  the  bottom  of  the 
ravine.  When  these  pits  were  completed,  an  attacking  column  was 
formed. 

All  being  in  readiness,  the  signal  was  given,  and  the  attacking 
column  dashed  forward,  crowding  the  road  to  victory  as  to  a  feast 
of  fat  things;  at  the  same  time  the  second  line  moved  from  the 
ravine  and  dropped  into  the  line  of  rifle-pits  before  mentioned.  In 
a  moment  more  a  deafening  shout  at  the  rebel  line  told  the  story  of 
triumph,  and  the  second  line  moved  at  a  double  quick  to  the  support 
of  the  first.  As  the  second  line  moved  up  it  was  met  by  a  body  of 
rebel  prisoners  who  were  being  double  quicked  to  our  rear  for  safe 
keeping.  We  were  now  at  the  rebel  works.  Here  lay  the  cast  off 
equipments  and  the  arms  of  many  prisoners,  and  here  stood  the  guns 
of  Govan's  Battery  which  had  7^7  recently  changed  owners.  It  was 
the  same  one  that  had  terrorized  us  early  in  the  afternoon,  but  now, 
that  the  muzzles  were  pointed  the  opposite  directon,  it  looked  harm- 
less. Here  lay  the  dead  and  the  dying,  the  one  having  crossed  the  ' 
great  pontoon,  the  other  calling  for  mercy  from  that  unfailing  source 
opened  on  Mount  Calvary.  To  say  that  he  was  not  heard  would  be 
to  limit  God's  power  to  save. 

As  the  113th  struck  the  works  of  the  enemy  a  rebel  field  officer 
confronted  Captain  Jones  and  said  :  "Where  shall  I  go?"  Seizing 
him  by  the  collar  of  his  coat,  and  giving  him  a  vigorous  jerk.  Captain 

[ones  said,  "  go  to  the  rear,  and  that quick." 

It  was  now  five  o'clock;  the  enemy  had  either  fallen  back  or  had 
surrendered  when  the  assault  was  made.  The  works  of  the  foe 
were  strong  and  i)roperly  constructed,  but  no  a/>atis  or  other  materials 
impeded  our  approach,  consetiuently  our  men  dashed  into  their  very 
pits  before  halting  to  fire  a  shot. 

Quickly  re-forming  our  line,  we  occupied  a  jjosition  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  rear  of  the  works  we  had  taken.  We  again 
shifted  to  the  southeast  a  short  distance,  and  finally,  crossing  a  hollow, 
ascended   lo  the  crest  of  a  hill,  and   relieved  the    i2isl   Ohio,  which 


K'ltiy-Uiiy  Soil/ill   Liji  :  |  |itiicsl)oru,  (ia 


was  confronting  a  fragment  of  a  brigade  of  rebels  in  a  cornfield. 
Having  no  defenses  for  our  prcjteclion,  we  kept  partly  iiid  i)ehind  llie 
crest  of  liie  hill  for  a  lime  We  would  assume  a  crouching  iKjsition 
while  loading  our  guns,  then  rising  to  our  feet  we  would  fire,  and 
then  drop  to  tlie  ground  again.  Having  procured  tools,  we  began 
digging  |)ils  in  tiie  usual  manner  for  pn^tection,  a  part  of  the  line 
keeping  up  the  fire.  ll  was  \  crs  ilark,  long  before  we  began  our 
works,  and  our  aim  was  guided  by  the  llasli  of  the  guns  of  the  enemy, 
and  his  aim  was  guided  by  ours  in  Hke  manner. 

The  firing  grew  less  and  less  active  as  the  nigiil  lengthened,  and 
fniall)  ()id\  an  occ  asional  tlash  could  be  seen  in  our  front.  'I'oward 
midnight  a  call  was  made  for  a  man  from  each  comiiany  to  stand  as 
vitifts  at  some  distance  in  front  of  the  line,  the  object  being  to  watch 
the  movements  of  the  rebels  and  prevent  a  surjjrise.  1  volunteered, 
and  took  my  i)osition  at  a  large  tree  nearly  a  hundred  feet  in  front  of 
our  line.  .V  naughty  rebel  found  out  my  hiding  place,  and  wasted 
several  shots  at  me.  He  grew  tired,  and  finally  departed  without 
saying  good  night. 

My  attention  was  attracted  by  the  groans  of  a  wcninded  man  some 
distance  from  me.  1  groped  ni)  way  toward  where  he  lay,  listened, 
and  again  moved  cautiously  forward.  In  this  way,  1  at  length  found 
the  unfortunate  sufferer.  His  name  was  Albert  Fonnest,  of  Company 
C,  78th  Illinois.  He  was  wounded  through  the  body  below  the  ribs, 
and  his  life  blood  was  fast  flowing  away.  I  went  back  to  our  line, 
reported  the  fact  to  Captain  Shei)herd,  of  the  113th,  and  he  sent  a 
messenger  to  the  78th,  to  inform  the  man's  comrades  of  his  dying 
condition.  I  returned  to  my  post  at  the  tree.  Half  an  hour  later, 
four  men  of  the  78th  Illinois  came  out  near  me,  looking  for  their 
wounded  comrade.  I  led  them  forward  to  the  place  where  he  lay, 
spoke  to  him,  shook  him,  felt  his  pulse,  and  found  that  he  was  dead. 
They  carried  him  off  the  field,  and  I  returned  to  my  company,  having 
been  relieved  by  James  O.  Kite.  I  lay  down  and  slept  the  sweet 
sleep  which  is  the  fruit  of  hours  of  toil  and  e.xposure.  It  seemed  that 
more  had  transpired  since  noon  tlian  1  would  ever  be  able  to  tell. 

2.  Early  this  morning  we  ascertained  that  no  enemy  confronted 
us,  and  the  e.xtent  of  our  victory  of  yesterday  began  to  be  made 
known.  We  find  that  we  have  possession  of  the  Atlanta  &  Macon 
railroad,  and  our  enemies  are  in  full  retreat. 

The  camjjaign  began  on  the  second  of  May,  and  is  now  ended. 
l-'our  months  of  marching,  toiling  and  fighting.      Hardly  a  day  in  all 


Sci)tcml)er, '64.  j  History  oj  llir  1 1  jtli  O.   / '.  /.  103 

that  time  that  our  ears  have  not  heard  the  cannon's  roar  or  the  crack 
of  musketry. 

The  town  of  Jonesboro  is  only  a  short  distance — half  a  mile  from 
our  line,  and  in  company  with  Ganson  and  Kite,  1  made  a  trip 
of  inspection  to  the  village.  Upon  our  return  we  found  the  com- 
mand ready  to  move.  The  Second  Division  marched  to  the  suburbs 
of  town  and  halted.  While  we  rested,  General  Jeff.  C.  Davis  and 
staff  rode  up.  The  General  was  cheered  by  his  men.  He  spoke  a 
few  words,  expressing  his  admiration  of  our  conduct  yesterday.  At 
noon  we  crossed  the  railroad  and  took  dinner.  Later  in  the  da>  wc 
erected  a  line  of  works  near  the  town  and  running  north  and  south. 
Our  troops  are  at  work  destroying  the  railroad,  and  after  dark  the 
course  of  the  track  can  be  traced  by  the  fires  burning  the  ties  and 
heating  the  rails. 

J.  A  tremendous  rain  washed  us  out  at  daylight,  making  reveille 
unnecessary.  At  10  A.  M.  the  brigade  began  to  tear  up  and  destroy 
the  railroad.  At  noon  we  returned  to  our  works.  Late  in  the 
evening  we  resumed  the  work  of  destruction,  but  after  a  few  minutes 
we  were  ordered  to  quit.  1  was  much  pleased  at  this,  for  destroying 
railroad  track  is  too  much  like  work  to  suit  me.  We  can  hear  heavy 
fighting  in  the  direction  of  Lovejoy  Station. 

In  the  evening  Captain  Watson  read  to  the  113th  the  following 
orders  : 

Headquarters  Military  Division  ok  the  Mississippi,      | 
In  the  Field  near  Lovejoy  Station,  Ga.,  September  3,  1864.  j 

Special  Field  Orders,  | 
No.  2.  ) 

The  General  commanding  announces  with  great  pleasure  tliat  he  lias  ofticial 
information  that  our  troops  under  Major  General  Slocum,  occupied  Atlanta 
yesterday  at  eleven  o'clock  A.  M.,  the  enemy  having  evacuated  the  night 
before,  destroying  vast  magazines  and  stores,  and  blowing  up,  among  other 
things,  eighty  car  loads  of  ammunition,  which  accounts  for  the  sound  heard  1)\  us 
on  the  night  of  the  first  instant.  Our  present  task  is,  therefore,  well  done,  antl 
all  work  of  destruction  on  the  railroad  will  cease. 

By  order  of 

Major  General  W.  T.  SHERMAN, 

[official.]  L.  M.  Dayton,  Aide-de-Cainp. 

T.   Wiseman,    Captain  and  A.  A.  G. 


IIkAIXJUAR  riRS  2(1    1)1\  ISION,    14tll    Au\IV   COKTS,  I 

Jonesboro,  (Ja.,  Septemlio   j,  1864.  i 
The  General  commanding  takes  great  satisfaction   in  transmitting   the  above 


I04  Eviry-,hi\  Soil/ill    Liji  :    |  1  lalliiij;  and  Rcsliii} 


order  lo  his  command,  and  avails  himself  of  the  opjiortunily  of  expressing  his 
admiralion  of  the  conduct  of  his  Division  on  the  Isl  instant,  in  the  glorious  anl 
successful  charge  on  the  enemy's  works.  The  (leneral  is  proud  of  his  command, 
and  congratulates  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  |)rivates  upon  ihc  near 
ending  of  a  long,  ar(iuc)Us  and  gloriously  successful  campaign. 
By  order  of 

l5ki(;AijiKK  Gknkrai.  JAS.  I).  MOI<(JA\. 
[oli-lCiAl..]  r.  WisKMAN,  Captain  and  A.  A.   G. 

J.\s.  S.  Wii.son,  Captain  and  A.  A.  G. 

'riK->>c  c)i"dcrs  with  their  facts  and  cungratiilatioHM  fall  pleasantly 
v\.\MW  the  ears  of  all  the  inx^i^s,  and  I  predict  that  the  stories  of  the 
canijjaign  will  be  told,  and  these  orders  will  be  read  i)y  the  men  of 
this  army  to  their  descendants  for  generations. 

4.  Sunday.  W'c  are  holding  ourselves  in  readiness  to  move.  John 
Cianson  and  1  went  lo  jonesboro  and  witnessed  the  unloading  of 
several  hundred  wounded  rebels  of  Stevenson's  Division.  These 
men  had  been  wounded  in  a  (  harge  on  the  15th  A.  C.  on  the  31st 
ull.  Manv  of  tliem  had  lost  an  arm  or  a  leg,  and  1  saw  one  who  had 
both  legs  off  close  to  the  bodw  Nearly  all  of  them  suffered  without 
complaint,  and  were  e\  ideiul\  a  different  class  of  soldiers  from  those 
we  have  been  picking  u)!  as  deserters,  of  late.  We  talked  with  one 
of  them,  ("ajjtain  Rogers,  34lh  (leorgia.  He  was  wounded  in  the 
bowels,  but  said  he  hoped  to  recover  and  be  al)le  to  again  enter  the 
service.  He  said  that  they  w//i7  succeed,  it  could  not  be  otherwise. 
He  had  entered  the  service  with  a  com[)an\  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  men,  and  since  then  a  number  of  recruits  had  been  added, 
but  now  C'aptain  Rogers  and  three  others  are  all  that  are  left.  His 
home  was  at  Trenton,  eiglueen  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

6.  \\e  remained  cam[)ed  during  the  day  yesterday.  'I'he  men 
improved  the  occasion  to  wash  their  clothing,  and  w  rite  letters  to 
their  friends  in  (  )hio,  telling  ot  the  fall  of  Atlanta,  anil  of  the  noble 
part  eacli  man  had  taken  in  bringing  it  about. 

We  expected  to  move  at  daylight,  but  at  7  .\.  .M.  we  tell  in, 
changed  front  to  rear,  and  re-pitched  our  camp  on  the  same  site. 

At  noon  the  call  of  "  strike  tents  "  sounded,  and  the  whole  division 
was  soon  moving  toward  .Atlanta.  .\t  the  end  of  two  hours,  march- 
ing in  a  zigzag  manner,  we  halted  and  stacked  arms  near  the  hewed 
log  house  where  we  formed  in  line  to  charge  on  the  ist  instant. 
Here  1  made  a  map  of  the  countr),  and  the  position  of  the  lines  of 
the  opposing  forces.  Near  this  house  are  the  graves  (jf  a  number  of 
the  98th  O.  V.  1.  who  were  killed  on  Thursday  last.     Among  these 


September,  '64.  J  History  oj  the  iijtii  O.  V.  I.  105 

is  the  grave  of  Adjutant  John  H.  Reeves,  with  whom  I  had  some 
acquaintance*.  The  98th  lost  aboiit  forty  in  killed  and  wounded. 
Their  men  built  a  rude  fence  around  the  graves  of  their  dead  com- 
rades in  the  evening.  A  heavy  rain  fell  this  afternoon.  The 
rebels  dashed  into  Jonesboro  after  we  retired,  and  I  learn  that 
several  hundred  of  them  were  made  prisoners. 

7.  At  7  A.  M.  we  resumed  the  march  toward  Atlanta.  Reaching 
the  Jonesboro  &  Atlanta  road,  we  halted  while  other  parts  of  the 
column  took  the  advance.  After  a  march  of  ten  miles  we  camped  at 
Rough  and  Ready,  a  small  village  on  the  railroad,  eleven  miles  from 
Atlanta.  Had  a  mail  distributed  to  us,  the  second  mail  since  we 
lay  at  Willis'  Mills.      Spent  the  night  quietly. 

8.  We  had  an  early  breakfast,  but  did  not  move  till  eleven  o'clock. 
Moved  out  to  the  road,  halted  two  hours,  and  then  moved  in  the  di- 
rection of  Atlanta,  leaving  the  East  Point  railroad  to  our  left.  When 
within  three  miles  of  /Vtlanta  a  halt  was  ordered,  and  the  brigade 
formed  in  close  column,  fronting  toward  the  railroad.  Cleneral  James 
1).  Morgan,  our  division  commander,  then  mounted  a  stump  in  our 
midst,  secured  our  attention,  and  read  special  congratulatory  orders 
from  Oeneral  Grant  and  President  Lincoln,  touching  the  taking 
of  Atlanta.  As  the  General  concluded  reading,  he  remarked  that 
we  should  never  cheer  ourselves,  and  that  he  was  opposed  to  noise 
except  when  it  was  made  in  order.  He  then  proposed  three  cheers 
for  our  cause,  three  for  Cieneral  Sherman,  and  three  for  "the  old  war- 
horse.  General  George  H.  Thomas." 

\Vhen  General  Morgan  had  finished  and  left  the  stump,  Colonel 
John  G.  Mitchell,  commanding  the  Second  Brigade,  proposed  three 
cheers  for  our  old  and  our  new  division  commanders,  meaning  Gen- 
erals Davis  and  Morgan. 

We  again  took  arms,  marched  three-fourths  of  a  mile,  filed  left,  and 
went  into  camp  near  the  Macon  &  Western  railroad,  and  near  a 
suburb  of  the  city  of  Atlanta,  called  Whitehall. 

Many  of  our  men  who  have  been  wounded  during  the  campaign 
just  ended,  joined  us  this  evening  in  camp.  Lieutenant  George  H. 
Lippincott,  Company  K,  and  Sergeant  Stratton,  Comi)any  E,  are  of 
this  number.  They  are  looking  smooth  and  glossy,  and  have  evi- 
dently enjoyed  their  vacation.  The  Sergeant  Major  reports  the  cas- 
ualties of  the  campaign,  from  May  2d  to  September  2d,  1864,  as 
follows:  Commissioned  officers  killed,  4;  commissioned  officers 
wounded,;:  enlisted   men   killed,   j;i;   enlisted  men   wounded,   132; 


io6  7Crti\-i/<iv  So/i/iii  Lijc :        [Kcsiing  at  Allanla 

enlisted  men  missing,  7;  total,  rSi.  This  is  more  than  twenty-nine 
pir  cent,  of  the  wliolc  number  who  started  with  the  regiment  from 
Rossville.  The  f>ir  cnit.  of  killed  of  the  ofticers  is  greater  than 
among  the  men,  while  \.\\k:  per  cciil.  of  wounded  is  much  less  tlian  of 
the  men.      All  the  missing  are  enlisted  men. 

The  distances  on  the  railroad  tVoni  ("hallanooga.  along  which  we 
ha\e  campaigned  for  four  months,  are  as  follows: 

Chattanooga,  o;  Chickamauga,  <S  miles;  Ringgold.  21;  Tunnel 
Hill.  29  ;  Dalton,  36;  Tilton,  45  ;  Koaca.  52;  Calhoun,  5X ;  Adairs- 
ville,  67;  Kingston,  77;  Cass,  <S4 ;  ('arlersville,  Sq ;  Allatoona,  96; 
Acworth,  loi  ;   Marietta,  116;    X'ining,  u;;   .\tlaiUa,  136. 

/().  'i'he  I  1 3th  went  on  picket  duly  a  mile  to  the  stnith  of  camp, 
leaving  enough  men  in  (amp  to  take  care  of  it.  and  some  of  the  offi- 
cers and  men  to  work  on  compaiu  papers.  .\ow  that  we  are  at  the 
end  of  a  long  campaign,  there  are  many  papers  to  make  out  and 
many  statements  to  be  forwarded  to  the  various  departments  of  the 
Ciovernment.  This  retjuires  much  careful  work.  I  began  on  a  mus- 
ter roll  for  May  and  June,  remaining  in  camp. for  that  i)ur[)ose.  Our 
supply  of  mail  is  very  meagre,  for  it  is  rejiorted  that  (leneral  Wheeler's 
cavalry  is  back  in  Tennessee  raiding  on  our  line  of  transportation. 
This  is  very  unkind,  and  we  may  have  to  go  up  and  see  him  about  it- 

//.  Sunday.  The  1  13th  came  in  from  their  picket  duty.  The  men 
complain  (jf  the  red-lapeism  of  the  i)icket  line.  We  have  been  so  long 
unused  to  falling  in  at  the  approach  of  a  general  officer  and  other  reg_ 
ulation  reijuirements,  that  we  take  them  uj)  again  reluctantly,  and 
sometimes  swear  al)Out  it. 

Passes  are  being  issued  to  a  limited  number  of  the  men  to  visit  the 
city.  I  am  too  busy  just  now  to  take  my  turn.  Business  before 
pleasure.     .\  mail  was  received. 

12.  Those  who  visit  the  city  find  many  interesting  things  about 
which  to  talk  and  write,  (ireen  and  Stratton  have  been  in  the  city 
to-day.     Crreen  says  : 

"  W'e  stojjped  at  a  house  of  two  mulatto  families  named  Badger. 
\A'c  'find  them  cultivated  and  polite  in  their  manners,  and  wc 
received  marked  courtesies  at  their  hands.  The  men  are  dentists, 
and  stand  high  in  their  profession,  use  good  language,  and  seem  to  be 
in  good  circumstances.  We  visited  the  site  of  the  rolling  mill  which 
the  rebels  burned  before  leaving  the  city.  Near  this  we  saw  five 
wrecked  locomotives  and  many  cars,  which  had  been  loaded  with 
ammunition,  and  which  had  been  destroyed  by  the  enemy.  Before 
reaching  camp  we  stopped  at  the  house  of  a  Methodist  preacher, 
where  we  fed  on  corn  l)read,  wheat  bread,  sweet  potatoes,  and  other 


September, '64. J  History  0/ thci  13  tli  O.  V.  1 .  107 

substantial  delicacies.  The  reverend  sinner  spoke  his  Southern  sym- 
pathies freely,  and  was  packing  up  to  leave  the  city  and  share  in  the 
expulsion  in  conformity  with  the  order  of  (General  Sherman. 

"A  great  many  citizens  are  leaving  Atlanta,  some  going  north,  but 
the  great  majority  going  southward.  They  are  furnished  transporta- 
tion by  our  army  as  far  south  as  Rough  and  Ready.  1  noticed  one 
tine  looking  young  woman  in  an  ambulance  headed  south,  cr)ing  pite- 
ously,  and  I  thought  she  did  look  enchanting  in  her  tears.  I  con- 
cluded that  there  was  one  handsome  lady  in  Dixie."     [G.] 

13.  Hats,  drawtrs  and  socks  were  issued  to  the  regiment  to-day. 
Trains  of  cars  have  passed  loaded  with  citizens  and  household  goods, 
destined  for  Rough  and  Ready.  The  men  are  preparing  for  company 
inspection,  which  comes  to-morrow.  A  pugilistic  affair  took  place 
between  two  men  of  Company  K.  The  smaller  man  came  out  second 
best. 

13.  The  nights  begin  to  be  quite  cool,  and  a  blanket  is  more  a 
thing  of  comfort  and  value  than  heretofore.  Another  long  train  loaded 
with  citizens  and  their  goods  left  the  city  to-day,  passing  our  camp,  for 
Rough  and  Ready.  Solomon  Bradford,  a  one  year  recruit,  joined 
Company  E  to-day.  He  is  a  native  of  Alabama,  and  looks  to  be  as 
stout  as  an  ox.  Fred  Pence,  who  deserted  at  Camp  Chase  two  years 
ago,  joined  Company  E  to-day. 

23.  The  past  ten  days  have  been  remarkable  for  their  dullness  and 
lack  of  interest.  Each  day  has  had  its  little  duties  of  roll  calling, 
guard  mounting,  policing,  scrubbing,  washing,  writing  and  eating. 
Company  officers  have  been  busy  with  rolls,  statements  and  reports — 
the  accumulation  of  months  on  the  front  line.  The  113th  is  on  picket 
a  mile  south  of  camp.  We  come  on  duty  of  this  kind  about  once  in 
fifteen  days,  which  is  rather  light  duty. 

Yesterday  our  mess  completed  a  new  shanty.  Sergeant  Flowers 
came  to  see  us  in  the  evening,  and  we  made  the  occasion  memorable 
by  a  vocal  concert.  John  (r.  (ranson,  John  H.  Johnson  and  Joseph 
(iirard  have  been  made  corporals.  This  may  seem  only  a  trifling 
thing  to  some,  but  when  a  man  gets  an  ai)pointnient  like  this  at  the 
end  of  two  years  of  service,  and  at  the  close  of  a  long  and  eventful 
campaign,  it  means  more  than  a  commission  in  the  organization  of  a 
regiment.  A  trifling  soldier  may  get  such  a  place  when  he  enters 
the  service,  but  not  afterwards.  The  nights  grow  colder,  and  we 
hope  to  get  more  blankets  soon. 

Lieutenant  Chatfield  and  I  took. a  walk  in  the  direction  of  Atlanta 
after  a  busy  day  on  his  papers. 


loH  livcry-iiay  Soltiier  Lijf :       [  Resting  al  AllaiUa 

2^.  Inspection,  which  was  to  take  place  yesterday,  came  off  to-day. 
1  had  planned  to  go  to  the  city,  l)iit  did  not  go.  Made  discharge  yw- 
pers  for  William  HulTman,  Company  K.  (ireen  lias  turned  (ari)en- 
ter,  and  is  working  at  Brigadier  1  lead(|uarters. 

28.  Stratton  and  I  spent  the  day  in  the  city,  visiting  many  places 
of  interest  and  dining  with  friends  of  ("i)iiii)any  1,  ()6th  ( ).  \'.  \.  1. 
Returning  to  cam];,  we  hnd  the  regiment  with  tents  struck  and  the 
whole  division  ready  to  move  Finally  all  returned  to  tpiarters  and 
spent  the  night.  We  have  been  here  twenty  days,  and  wuidd  prefer 
going  away  to  staying  longer.  .\  (la\  or  two  ago  Captain  Jone^  issued 
to  me  a  warrant,  as  follows  : 


^4 


To   .\1,1.   WHO  SHAl.l.  SKK    IHESK    PkF.SKN  TS,  (  i  RKK  riX(  1  : 

P^rjOM?  je.  That  n'posin\;  special  trust  and  lOiifii/nur  in  the  patriotism^ 
valor,  fidelity  and  abilities  of  Corporal  Francis  M.  AfcAdams,  I  do 
hereby  appoint  him  Serjeant  in  Company  E,  of  the  iijth  Regiment  of 
Ohio  Infantry  Volunteers,  in  the  serT'ice  of  the  United  States,  to  rank  as 
such  from  the  first  day  of  September,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
sixty-four.  He  is,  therefore,  carefully  and  diligently  to  discharge  the  duty 
of  Sergeant  by  doing  and  performing  all  manner  of  things  thereunto 
belonging. 

And  /  do  strictly  charge  and  retjuire  all  non-commissioned  officers  and 
soldiers  under  his  conunand  to  be  obedient  to  his  orders  as  Sergeant.  And 
he  is  to  observe  andfolhnc  such  orders  and  directions  from  tivw  to  time  as 
he  shall  receive  frofn  me,  or  the  future  commanding  ofiicer  of  the  regnnent, 
or  other  superior  officers  and  non-comniis'iioned  officers  set  over  him, 
according  to  flie  rules  and  discipline  op  uai . 

T/iis  Warrant  to  continue  in  force  during  the  pleasure  of  the  command- 
ing ofiicer  of  the  regiment  for  the  time  being. 

Given  under  my  hand  at  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  at  IVhitefiall, 
Ga.,  this  twenty-sixth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-four. 

TOL.iXD  fONES, 
By  the  Cornmandwsi  Officer,  Captain  Coinmandivg  th>'  Regimetit. 

J.4MES  R.   LADD, 
A.  Ci.  O.,  No.  103.  .hijutant  of  tlie  Regiment. 


October,  '64.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  J.  109 

2g.  We  remain  in  camp,  with  all  packed  and  ready  for  orders.  At 
5  P.  M.  a  tran  of  box  cars  ran  down  to  our  camp  from  Atlanta.  Into 
and  upon  this  we  climbed,  and  at  dusk,  with  bands  playing  and  colors 
llying,  we  ran  back  to  Atlanta.  An  hour  later  we  were  moving  north- 
ward in  the  direction  of  Chattanooga.  Many  of  us  had  not  been  on 
a  train  for  nearly  two  years,  and  the  novelty  of  riding  and  sleeping 
on  top  of  a  box  car  did  not  wear  off  immediately.  By  the  time  the 
majority  had  fallen  asleep  a  brisk  rain  set  in,  and  comfortable  rest 
was  at  an  end.  Our  train  had  a  heavy  load  and  moved  slowly  Day- 
light found  us  halted  at  Allatoona,  forty  miles  from  Atlanta  and 
ninety-six  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

JO.  We  moved  on  at  a  slow  rate,  and  at  5  P.  M.  reached  Chatta- 
nooga. In  half  an  hour  our  train  was  on  its  way  north,  on  the  Nash- 
ville and  Chattanootia  railroatl. 


O  C  T  O  B  E  R,    186  4. 

/.  During  last  night  we  ran  from  Chattanooga  northward,  and  this 
morning  we  awoke  to  find  our  train  halted  at  Stevenson,  Alabama,  a 
distance  of  thirty-eight  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

At  II  A.  M.  our  train  switched  on  to  the  Memphis  and  Charleston 
railroad,  and  moved  toward  Huntsville,  which  we  understand  is  our 
destination  at  present.  W^e  passed  through  a  splendid  country,  and 
enjoyed  the  ride  very  much.  During  the  day  we  passed  Bellefonte, 
Larkinsville,  Woodville,  Paint  Rock  and  Brownsboro,  and,  reaching 
Huntsville  at  8:30  P.  M.,  the  brigade  took  shelter  in  a  car  house. 

Huntsville,  the  county  seat  of  Madison  county,  is  a  fine  place  and 
situated  in  a  splendid  country.  It  is  distant  from  Stevenson  fifty- 
eight  miles,  and  two  hundred  and  twelve  miles  from  Memphis. 

A  rebel  force  under  Forest  appeared  before  the  town  two  days  ago, 
and  demanded  its  surrender.  (General  R.  S.  Granger,  being  in  com- 
mand, refused,  and  a  fight  ensued,  resulting  in  the  defeat  of  Forest. 
The  approach  of  our  division  gave  him  a  plea  to  withdraw.  .So,  now, 
we  are  here,  with  no  rebels  to  make  it  interesting. 

2.  Sunday.  The  division  went  into  camp  south  of  the  city,  near  a 
large  spring.  At  3  P.  M.  we  again  boarded  the  train,  and  moved 
toward  Decatur.  After  a  run  of  four  miles,  the  train  stopped  and 
remained  till  morning,  a  heavy  rain  falling  during  the  night.  I  spent 
the  night  on  an  open  car,  on  which  was  a  piece  of  artillery  and  some 
corn  in  the  husk.     There  was  neither  comfort  nor  sleep  for  me. 


no  Eviiy-i/ay  So/i/iii   Lt/t  :    [Campaigning  in  Ala. 

?.  This  morning  our  train  moved  ahead,  and  at  i  i  A.  M.  reached 
a  |)oiiit  where  tlie  track  was  destroyed,  three  miles  from  Athens. 
Here  tlie  Iroojis  (hseiiib. irked  and  marched  forward  to  Athens,  reach- 
ing that  i)lace  early  in  the  alternt)on,  and  going  into  temporary  camp. 
.\thens  is  the  counlv  seat  of  Limestone  county,  .Mabama,  and  a  fine 
l)lace,  though  it  lui>  suffered  much  by  ixjlh  armies. 

It  has  rained  lo-da\,  and  the  air  is  chilly  and  disagreeable.  1 
spent  the  night  in  the  upper  story  of  a  frame  stable,  and  fared  well. 
We  find  seven  hundred  and  fifty  cavalry  doing  duty  here. 

4.  '['he  division  marched  from  Athens  early  in  the  morning.  'I'ook 
dinner  in  a  lornfield  on  the  left  of  the  road,  ten  miles  from  Athens. 
.\t  4  V.  M.  we  reached  Elk  River,  at  Henford's  Ferry,  two  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  Tennessee  River.  The  troops  stripped  off  their 
clothes,  tied  them  in  bundles,  and,  placing  the  bundles  on  the  muz- 
zles of  their  guns,  waded  the  river,  which  at  this  ford  was  about  three 
and  a  half  feet  deep.  It  was  rare  sport  and  a  grand  sight,  but,  in  the 
absence  of  a  special  artist,  a  sketch  was  not  preserved.  Four  miles 
further  on  the  division  went  into  camp  near  a  small  village  called 
Rogersville.  .\  tremendous  rain  fell  as  we  were  camping,  and  we 
slept  wet.      Received  a  mail.     We  have  marched  eighteen  miles. 

5.  We  moved  ahead,  passing  through  the  dirty  little  town  of 
Rogersville.  The  roads  are  deep  with  mud,  sand  and  water,  and 
the  men  are  suffering  with  sore  feet.  It  is  reported  that  several  men 
died  yesterday  from  over-exertion.  This  is  hardly  probable.  We 
hear  of  these  things,  but  seldom  see  them.  Took  dinner  thirteen 
miles  from  Florence,  and,  marching  six  miles  further,  went  into  tem- 
porary camp  near  the  niouth  of  Shoal  Creek  and  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Tennessee  River.  I  h;i\ea  pair  of  sore  feet.  Built  a  rail  bed 
and  slept  well. 

6.  Eight  companies  of  the  98th  O.  V.  I.  went  forward  on  a  recon- 
noissance  toward  P'lorence.  The  First  and  Third  Brigades  are  be- 
yond Shoal  Creek;  the  Second  remains  on  the  left  bank.  Companies 
E  and  K  of  the  113th,  and  two  companies  of  the  98th,  went  on  a 
foraging  trip,  taking  two  teams.  They  found  great  quantities  of 
meat,  potatoes,  peaches,  apples  and  chickens.  This  is  a  fine  country, 
and  there  is  plenty  for  man  and  beast. 

7.  Kite,  Girard,  Snyder  and  I  went  down  to  the  bank  of  the  Ten- 
nessee, at  the  mouth  of  Shoal  Creek,  where  I  wrote  to  my  wife.  Re- 
turning to  camp  at  noon,  we  found  the  command  ready  to  move.  We 
reached  Florence,  and  camped  a  mile  east  of  town.     We  find  this  to 


October, '64.  J  History  0/  the  i  ijth  O.  / '.  /.  in 

be  a  neat  place,  the  county  seat  of  Lauderdale  county,  Alabama. 
The  country  is  well  improved,  and  everything  is  more  inviting  than 
any  place  we  have  seen  since  we  were  in  Middle  'I'ennessee. 

8.  To-day  our  l)rigade  marched  through  the  princi[)al  streets  ()\ 
Florence,  with  music  sounding  and  banners  flying.  Of  course  we 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  citizens,  consisting  of  women  and  ne- 
groes. Some  of  the  women  are  good  looking,  but  the  greater  number 
are  of  the  razor-blade  or  elm-))eeler  pattern,  long  as  rails  and  sour 
looking.  1  went  with  Captains  Orr  and  Swisher  to  Foundry  Mills, 
four  miles  north  of  Florence,  taking  five  wagons  with  us  loaded  with 
corn  to  be  ground  into  meal.  Took  supper  with  a  Mr.  Sport,  an  em- 
ploye of  the  Mills.  Swisher  and  1  spent  the  night  with  the  famih 
named  (rresham. 

g.  Sunday.  Captain  vSwisher  and  I  arose  ver\  early,  and,  leaving 
the  house  without  disturbing  the  family,  we  rode  back  to  camp,  leav- 
ing the  teams  and  a  scpiad  of  men  at  the  Mills  to  finish  grinding  the 
corn.  After  our  return  to  camp,  we  took  thirteen  teams  into  the 
country  and  brought  in  a  full  supply  of  corn.  Late  in  the  evening  I 
returned  to  Foundry  Mills,  and  l)rought  in  the  men  and  teams  we  had 
left  there,  reaching  camp  late  in  the  night.  There  was  a  frost  this 
morning,  the  first  of  the  season. 

lO.  The  division  moved  early  toward  .\thens,  on  the  -^ame  road  by 
which  we  reached  Florence  last  week.  Took  dinner  fourteen  miles 
from  Florence.  The  roads  are  good  and  the  marching  very  agreeable. 
Reached  Cox's  Creek,  camped  and  drew  rations.  Marched  about 
twenty  miles.  Surgeon  T.  B.  Williams  has  my  thanks  for  the  use  of 
his  mare  to-dav.      Riding  is  preferable  to  walking  with  sore  feet. 

//.  Started  earlv.  .\t  8  A.  M.,  while  the  command  halted,  the 
I  13th  laid  plans  for  holding  an  election  in  the  evening  if  opportunity 
offered.  Captains  Watson,  Hamilton  and  Shepherd  were  elected 
as  judges,  and  the  reipiisite  clerks  were  appointed.  Our  plans  mis- 
carried, as  our  division  commander  seemed  not  to  be  in  sympathy 
with  the  soldier  suffrage  idea.  One  of  these  days  James  I).  Morgan 
will  want  an  Ohio  soldier  to  dip  his  bayonet  in  melted  lava  and  cool 
his  parched  tongue.  Then  the  Buckeye  saint  will  refer  him  to  the 
act  of  this  date,  and  walk  off  with  a  canteen  full  of  ice  water. 

Taking  our  dinner  on  the  right  bank  of  l-'.lk  River,  we  again  waded 
the  stream,  and,  marching  on,  reached  a  point  within  six  miles  of 
.\thens,  where  we  camped.  C'ompanies  K  and  F  went  on  picket.  .A 
hog,  which  was  known  to  be  disloyal,  was  made  to  take  the  oath,  and 
fresh  pork  was  a  part  of  our  suppers. 


Evci y-i/a\  SoL/ii)   JAji  :       \  liiooinlovN  n  \' alley 


12.  Reached  Athens  and  camped  cast  of  the  town  at  noon.  Re- 
ceived a  mail.  We  are  waiting  for  a  train  by  which  we  are  to  move 
on  toward  Stevenson. 

/?.  Trains  ran  up  from  llie  east  to-day,  and,  embarking,  we  moved 
towards  Huntsville,  reaching  that  place  after  dark.  One  car  (jf  our 
train  ran  o IT  the  track,  causing  some  delay,  'i'his  is  my  twenty-sixth 
birthda) . 

14.  We  came  into  Stevenson  at  i:.^o.\.  .M.,  reached  Hridge|>ort  and 
crossed  the  lennessee  at  daylight,  and  at  noon  arrived  at  Chatta- 
nooga, l-ast  night  was  cold,  and  our  position  on  top  of  a  car  was 
ver\   uncomfortable. 

.Mitchell's  Brigade  camped  east  of  town.  .Assisted  ("ai)iain  Swislier 
to  issue  wood  and  forage. 

ij.  Shifted  camp  to  a  site  near  l-'ort  Wood.  .\  supply  of  clothing 
was  issued  to  the  men.     'I'hese  are  much  needed. 

16.  Sunday.  .\t  0  .\.  M.  the  brigade  marc.hed  to  the  depot,  ex- 
pe<;ting  to  go  st)uth,  but,  after  an  hour  waiting  for  transixjrtation,  it 
returned  to  its  ])osition  near  Fort  Wood.  At  11  P.  M.  the  regiment 
drew  rations  for  two  days,  and  we  e.xpect  to  be  off  to-morrow. 

//.  We  remain  camped.  New  recruits,  with  shiny  watch  chains, 
glistening  boots,  huge  knapsacks,  paper  collars,  and  with  plenty  of 
bounty  money,  are  in  and  about  Chattanooga  in  great  numbers.  .\ 
change  will  soon  come  over  the  spirit  of  their  dreams.  This  is  an 
unfavorable  climate  for  pai)er  collars  and  fantastic  display. 

18.  The  division  left  Chattanooga  at  7  A.  M.,  and,  reaching  Lee  iV 
Cordon's  Mills,  twelve  miles  south  of  Chattanooga,  on  Chickamauga 
Creek,  camped  for  the  night. 

ri^.  ( )ur  column  moved  early,  marched  titteeii  nules  southward,  and 
halted  for  the  night  at  La  Fayette,  Walker  county,  Ceorgia,  where  we 
camped.  We  have  levied  tribute  on  some  country  produce  during 
the  day.  Hyatt,  one  of  the  men  of  the  train,  had  captured  a  rebel- 
lious rooster,  and  we  spent  a  good  part  of  the  night  in  getting  him 
ready  for  supper.  Mess  No.  i  had  sweet  potatoes  and  a  rabbit  for 
sui)i)er.  We  are  in  the  dark  as  to  the  object  of  this  trip.  This  doe» 
not  cause  us  to  lose  sleep. 

20.  Marched  in  a  southeasterly  course  till  noon;  then,  leaving  the 
Summerville  road  on  which  we  had  been  moving,  we  took  a  more  west- 
erly course,  entered  Hroomtown  Valley,  crossed  Chatooga  Creek,  and 
camped.      We  have  traveled  sixteen  miles. 

21.  Our  column  reached  Alpine  at  noon,  crossed  the  State  line  into 


Novtmljcr, '64. 1  UisloiyoJlhciijlhO.  V.I.  113 

Cherokee  county,  Alabama,  and  camped  at  a  small  creek,  having 
marched  twenty  miles.  We  are  living  well  and  see  no  armed  rebels. 
The  surface  of  the  country  is  rough. 

22.  Moved  ahead  till  noon,  when  we  halted  at  (raylesville,  finding 
one  or  more  corps  of  our  army  in  camp.  Our  brigade  established 
head'iuarters  at  the  house  of  a  Mrs.  Bowling,  who  is  sick. 

2j.  Sunday.  Remained  camped.  Organized  foraging  parties  are 
scouring  in  all  directions  for  supplies.  The  unorganized  man  is  at 
the  same  business,  and  seems  to  be  the  most  successful.  A  couple  of 
lads,  who  had  captured  a  yoke  of  oxen  and  a  buggy,  were  riding 
through  camp  with  their  fantastic  outfit.  The  weather  is  clear  and 
cool. 

25.  Wrote  a  letter  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  VVarner.  Meal  was  issued 
to  us  to-day,  and,  i)rocuring  an  oven  of  the  people  at  the  house  near 
which  we  are  camped,  we  baked  some  bread.  If  the  rebels  can  live 
and  fight  on  corn  dodger  all  the  time,  we  ought  to  do  so  some  of  the 
time,  just  for  variety. 

27.  The  feed  tpiestion  becomes  one  of  importance.  Our  foragers 
have  had  but  very  little  success  of  late,  and  we  are  altogether  short 
of  supplies.  An  independent  gang  has  gone  out,  assuring  us  they 
would  have  something  to  eat  or  stay  out  a  week.     They  will  get  it. 

28.  Marched  at  2  P.  M.,  passing  through  Gaylesville,  and  at  the 
end  of  seven  miles  went  into  camp. 

2g.  Moved  at  daylight,  marching  eighteen  miles,  reaching  Rome  at 
3  P.  M.  Here  we  get  a  mail,  the  first  since  the  lyth  inst.  We  are 
to  rest  here  a  dav  or  two. 


NOVEMBER,   1864. 

/.  Left  Rome  early  this  morning,  and  at  2  P.  M.  reached  Kingston, 
having  marched  fifteen  miles.  We  are  expecting  to  be  paid  off  soon. 
So  be  it. 

The  brigade  headtpiarters  are  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Hall,  who  has 
two  attractive  daughters. 

2.  The  weather  is  wet,  wintly  and  cool.  Two  trains  pass  south, 
loaded  with  arliller\.  We  are  fiU\-ninc  miles  from  Atlanta  and 
seventy-seven  bom  Chattanooga. 

3.  Major  Harris,  l'a\inaster,  paid  off  some  (jf  the  troops  of  our 
division.  VVe  received  pay  for  eight  months,  amounting  in  my  case- 
to  $124.     This  makes  $338.50  1  have  received  since  1  enlisted. 

12 


114  Kvtiy-Jay  Soli/it  I   Lift:   [(lathering  al  Athinla 

4.  All  day  the  men  are  going  about  adjusting  accounts  and  paying 
off  old  debts.  A  soldier  is  proverbially  honest,  and  always  pays  his 
debts  when  he  has  the  money  ;  when  he  has  no  funds  he  pays  in 
promises  or  gi\es  his  note.  He  is  noted  for  his  /wroioina  proclivi- 
ties, but  he  seldom  steals.  1  ha\  e  known  him  to  borrow  the  spoons 
of  a  steamboat  on  which  he  was  taking  a  free  ride,  and  sometimes  he 
borrows  the  knives  and  forks  when  he  dines  with  a  citizen.  He  is 
very  forgetful;  he  a/ways  forgets  to  return  what  he  borrows.  There 
are  now  in  the  113th  a  number  of  coffee  mills  and  coffee  pots,  Dutch 
ovens,  iron  wedges,  looking  glasses,  hand  saws,  tin  buckets,  and  other 
articles  of  every  day  use,  that  have  been  borrowed  of  the  natives, 
and  which  the  borrowers  have  forgotten  to  return.  When  we  were 
packed  ready  to  march  from  Tyner  last  March,  my  mess  felt  sad  to 
be  compelled  to  leave  a  Dutch  oven  and  an  iron  wedge,  which  we 
could  not  carry.  But  before  we  moved  out  a  rusty  old  citizen  who 
came  into  camp  paid  us  ;5ii  for  the  two  articles,  and  we  marched  off 
with  light  hearts.  If  the  old  chap  had  been  cautious,  and  waited  a 
few  minutes,  he  could  have  had  them  a  dollar  cheaper,  but  he  failed 
to  see  it. 

Our  men  are  sending  their  money  home  to  their  families  and 
friends — some  by  the  State  Agent,  others  by  draft.  A  very  little 
money  can  be  made  to  go  a  great  ways  with  a  soldier,  but  I  notice 
that  in  the  matters  of  saving  and  squandering  their  wages  the)'  are 
about  like  other  men. 

5.  A  number  of  chuck-a-luck  banks  are  in  operation  in  several 
parts  of  camp,  and  the  men  are  risking  and  losing  their  money  at  a 
fearful  rate.  Some  have  lost  all  they  had,  while  others  are  ahead  of 
the  game,  but  in  the  end  the  dealer  scoops  the  pile.  One  of  the  rules 
of  my  life  is  never  to  bet;  another  is  never  to  say  "  I'll  bet." 

Cass,  a  small  village  a  short  distance  from  Kingston,  was  burned 
to-day. 

7.  Yesterday  was  Sunday  and  a  day  of  quiet  in  camp.  The  gamb- 
lers continue  to  ply  their  profession  in  various  ways.  The  unwary 
lad,  wlio  always  sees  a  thing  "  as  plain  as  day,"  has  l)een  fleeced  of 
his  wages,  and  is  making  complaints  which  will  result  in  checking 
the  gaming  business.  It  ought  to  have  begun  sooner.  To-morrow 
is  the  day  of  the  Presidential  election.     We  intend  to  vote. 

(?.  The  division  left  Kingston  at  6  A.  M.,  reaching  Cartersville  at 
2  P.  M.  and  going  into  camp.  During  a  halt  on  the  way,  the  1 1 3th 
appointed  Captains  j.  K.  Hamilton,  Otway,  Watson  and  (ieorge  Mc- 


November,  '64. J  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  J.  ii5 

Crea  judges  of  election,  and  Lieutenant  C.  P.  Garman  and  J.  C. 
Doty  clerks,  and  determined  to  have  the  vote  of  the  regiment  cast  at 
any  risk.  After  reaching  Cass  the  vote  was  cast.  Total  vote  cast, 
241.  For  Lincoln  and  Johnson,  165  ;  for  McClellan  and  Pendleton, 
76.  There  were  twenty-five  counties  represented  in  the  regiment, 
and  the  work  of  making  out  the  returns  was  no  trifling  one.  It  is 
said  that  the  113th  cast  a  larger  vote  for  McClellan  than  any  other 
Ohio  regiment  in  the  division.  That  will  make  us  the  pets  of  the 
division  commander.  The  Champaign  county  soldiers  numbered 
thirty-eight — Republicans  31,  Democrats  7.  The  98th  ().  V.  L  gave 
McClellan  seventeen  votes. 

10.  In  the  evening  I  started  to  Atlanta  on  a  train  to  do  some 
business  for  Captain  Swisher.  I  arrived  at  my  destination  at  mid- 
night, and  remained  in  the  car  till  morning. 

12.  Lieutenant  Ladd  returned  from  Atlanta,  bringing  the  retain 
papers.  All  baggage  is  being  sent  rearward.  A  train  which  left  for 
the  North  at  noon  is  said  to  be  the  last  that  will  leave.  We  are  under 
orders,  and  will  move  southward.  Many  stores  and  army  supplies 
at  this  place  are  being  burned. 

13.  Our  division  moved  from  Cartersville  at  6  A.  M.,  and,  crossing 
the  river  on  a  high  bridge,  marched  half  a  mile  and  stacked  arms. 
We  then  began  work  destroying  the  railroad,  making  a  full  day's  work 
of  it,  and  reaching  from  the  place  of  beginning  to  Allatoona,  a  dis- 
tance of  nearly  six  miles.  We  then  marched  forward  to  Acworth, 
five  miles  further,  and  camped. 

14.  Leaving  Acworth,  we  moved  southward,  passing  Big  Shanty 
during  the  forenoon.  Captains  McCrea  and  Swisher  and  Lieutenant 
Lippincott  visited  the  grave  of  Sergeant  Scott  and  others,  who  are  of 
our  command  buried  at  Big  Shanty.  Peculiarly  painful  feelings  took 
possession  of  our  hearts  as  we  marched  past  the  graves  of  our  com- 
rades and  as  we  passed  the  many  lines  of  defenses  which  played  so 
important  a  part  in  the  summer's  campaign.  We  marched  twenty- 
one  miles  to-day. 

13.  The  column  moved  at  six  o'clock,  crossing  the  Chattahoochee 
at  8  A.  M.  At  3  P.  M.  we  camped  nearly  two  miles  in  an  easterly 
direction  from  Atlanta.  We  left  this  vicinity  forty-five  days  ago,  have 
traveled  several  hundred  miles  without  seeing  an  armed  foe,  and  now 
we  are  on  the  verge  of  some  great  strategic  movement — we  know  not 
what.  A  supply  of  clothing  was  issued  this  evening.  1  drew  only  a 
gum  blanket.  Sold  my  great  coat  to  Captain  McCrea  for  ^8.50,  and 
a  woolen  shirt  to  Lieutenant  Chatfield  for  %e^. 


ii6  Ei'K/y-i/ay  SoUi<>  Li/i  :  |<)n  lo  Savannah 

The  cil)  of  Atljnla  is  bcin^,  Imrncil,  and  il  i>  iin(lcr.-.lu(Hl  ihal  all 
conininniciition  willi  iIk-  rear,  norlhwaal,  is  al  an  end.  ("olonel 
Mitchell  is  in  Oliio  now,  and  wilt  not  share  in  our  exploits  in  the 
inmiediale  future. 

ON    TO    S.WA.NNAII. 

'I'he  army,  now  ready  lu  move  southward,  has  hei-n  di\  i(h-d  into 
two  great  wings  : 

The  right  wing  consists  of  the  Fifteenth  and  the  Seventeenth  t'ori)s. 
This  wing  is  in  command  of  Major  (ieneral  O.  O.  Howard. 

The  left  wing  consists  of  the  Fourteenth  and  the  Twentieth  Corps, 
commanded  by  Major  (Ieneral  H.  W.  Slocum. 

The  Fifteenth  Corps  consists  of  the  divisions  of  (lenerals  Charles 
R.  Wood,  ^Vm.  B.  Ha/.en,  John  K.  Smith  and  John  M.  Corse. 

The  Seventeenth  Corps  has  three  divisions,  under  command  of 
Major  (General  John  A.  Mower  and  Brigadier  (ienerals  Miles  1).  Leg- 
gett  and  Giles  A.  Smith. 

The  Fourteenth  Corps  has  three  divisions,  led  by  Pirigadier  Gener- 
als William  Carlin,  James  1).  Morgan  and  Absalom  Haird. 

The  Twentieth  Corps  includes  the  divisions  of  Brigadier  Generals 
Nomian  J.  Jackson,  John  W.  Geary  and  William  T.  Ward. 

Kilpatrick's  division  of  cavalry  consists  of  two  brigades,  com- 
manded by  Colonels  Eli  H.  Murray  and  Smith  I).  Atkins. 

'I'he  several  corps  are  commanded  as  follows  : 

F'ifteenth  Corps,  Major  (ieneral  P.  J.  Osterhaus. 

Seventeenth  Corps,  Major  General  Frank  B.  Blair,  Jr. 

F'ourteenth  Corps,  Brevet  Major  General  Jefferson  C.  Davis. 

Twentieth  Corps,  Brigadier  General  A.  S.  W  illiams. 

i6'.  At  1 1  A.  M.our  column  moved  from  our  camp  east  of  Atlanta, 
and,  taking  a  southerly  course,  marched  parallel  with  the  (ieorgia 
railroad,  passiiig  through  Decatur,  and  camping  twelve  miles  from 
Atlanta.  Stratton  had  found  (.'')  a  note  book  during  the  day,  and  our 
shelter  tent  was  the  scene  of  an  evening  concert.  We  thought  it 
better  to  sing  than  weep.  Our  cam])  is  in  the  neighborhood  of  Stone 
Mountain. 

77.  Starting  at  seven,  we  marched  briskly  till  noon,  when  we  halted 
and  took  dinner.  Moved  till  5  P.  M.,  when  we  began  destroying  the 
railroad.  Worked  till  dark,  then  marched  forward  three  miles  and 
camped  at  Conyers,  thirty  miles  from  Atlanta.  Have  marched  eighteen 
miles.      We  made  our  sui)])ers  on    parched   corn  and  meat,  and    felt 


N(wemlier,  *64. 1  History  of  the  J  ijlh  O.  V.  /.  117 


less  like  singing  than  we  did  last  night.  Captain  Jones  has  command 
of  the  regiment. 

18.  Left  Conyers  before  daylight,  reaching  Covington  and  Oxford 
at  noon.  These  towns  are  close  together,  forty-one  miles  from 
Atlanta.  Crossed  Yellow  River  at  10  A.  M.  on  a  pontoon.  At  one 
o'clock  we  began  to  destroy  the  railroad,  but  at  the  end  of  two  hours 
we  again. moved  on.  Marched  three  miles  further  and  camped,  hav- 
ing traveled  sixteen  miles. 

/<?.  After  a  hasty  breakfast  the  division  moved  ahead  in  a  heavy 
rain,  the  troops  straggling  much  on  account  of  a  bad  road.  Passed 
through  Sandtown  at  ro  A.  M.,  carrying  off  a  number  of  negroes. 
Stratton  pressed  in  a  likely  looking  contraband  and  loaded  him  with 
a  heavy  knapsack.  It  was  a  case  of  misplaced  confidence,  for  the 
darkey  gave  him  the  slip,  taking  knapsack  and  all  with  him. 
Marched  twenty-one  miles  aid  camped  near  Shady  Dale,  and  in  a 
thicket.  Late  in  the  evening  a  detail  of  two  men  from  each  com- 
pany, one  commissioned  officer  and  one  non-commissioned  officer 
from  the  regiment  was  made.  These  were  organized  into  a  foraging 
band.  Their  duties  consisted  in  procuring  supplies  for  the  command. 
I  was  detailed  as  the  non-commissioned  officer  of  this  force.  We  are 
camped  near  the  plantation  of  Matthew  Whitefield,  one  of  the 
wealthy  planters  of  Georgia. 

20.  The  1 13th  O,  V.  L  and  78th  Illinois  V.  I.  were  on  duty  as  train 
guards.  The  trains  moved  slowly  and  the  men  improved  the  irime  in 
appropriating  whatever  had  escaped  the  vigilance  of  the  troops  in  the 
advance.  One  fellow,  lacking  a  jug  for  the  purpose,  filled  a  plug  hat 
with  molasses  at  Whitefield's  store  and  carried  it  to  his  company. 
Everything  in  this  store  worth  carrying,  and  some  things  that  wei'e 
not,  was  taken.  The  command  camped  near  Eatonton  Factories, 
having  marched  fifteen  miles.  The  foragers  brought  in  horses, 
mules,  oxen  and  sheep,  with  plenty  meal,  meat,  sweet  potatoes  and 
other  delicacies.  1  shot  and  killed  two  ganders,  and  then  remember- 
ing that  time  was  too  precious  to  waste  in  boiling  them  a  day  and 
night,  I  concluded  to  abandon  them.  Green  says  he  went  into  a 
building  to  fill  his  canteen  with  molasses,  and  found  the  floor  covered 
two  inches  deep  with  it. 

21.  The  command  deflected  to  the  right  and  moved  toward 
Milledgeville  in  a  heavy  rain  and  very  bad  roads.  Camjjed  fourteen 
miles  from  Milledgeville  on  Williams'  farm,  near  Murder  Creek.  We 
have  marclied  tweUe  miles.     CajHain  McCrea's  means  of  transpor- 


ii8  Krftv-i/av  Sohiifr-Li/i- :         [Through  (ieorgia 

tation  consists  of  three  horses  and  a  mule.  Jolin  (ranson  killed  a 
sheep,  and  plenty  reigns. 

-'_'.  Sunday.  The  Second  i'ivision  remained  halted  during  the 
(lav;  the  ihird  l)ivision  passed.  The  weather  is  clear  and  cold, 
and  rails  are  growing  scarcer  ever\  hour.  Sokliers  are  not  great 
eaters,  but  a  mess  of  eight  consumed  nearly  two  hogs  to-day,  and 
they  are  not  very  hoggish,  either.      It  snowed  some  in  the  night. 

2J.  Manlicd  at  5:3c  A.  .M.  and  in  the  evening  <;ain])ed  within  two 
miles  of"  Milledgeville,  having  marched  eleven  miles.  i  have  been 
sick  to-day  and  by  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Williams  1  rode  in  an  ambu- 
lance this  aftern(jon.  Our  brigade  halted  for  dinner  on  the  planta- 
tion of  Howell  Cobb.  General  Sherman  has  been  making  his  head- 
(juarters  with  the  Fourteenth  Corps. 

24.  Marching  at  10  A.  M.  we  passed  through  Mdledgeville  at 
noon,  crossed  the  Oconee  river  and  camped  about  seven  miles  from 
the  capital.  Every  hour  has  its  incidents.  As  we  passed  a  house 
to-day  a  soldier  asked  a  woman  if  supper  was  ready.  She  burst  into 
tears  and  replied  that  she  had  not  a  morsel  of  food  in  the  house. 
One  day's  rations  of  bread  was  issued  to-night.  Our  way  led  us  by 
Black  Spring,  Fair  Play  and  Long's  Bridge. 

25.  Started  at  6  A.  M.,  passed  the  cami)  of  the  third  division,  and 
at  ten  o'clock  our  advance  met  some  resistance  from  a  small  force  of 
rebels.  At  noon  we  halted  two  hours  while  a  stream  was  being 
bridge'd  so  we  might  cross.  Crossed  and  camped  two  miles  beyond 
the  crossing,  and  six  miles  from  Sandersville.  This  is  in  Washing- 
ton county. 

26.  Moved  at  si.x  o'clock,  and  for  two  hours  we  were  not  molested. 
As  we  neared  Sandersville  our  skirmishers  and  foragers  met  a  force  of 
the  enemy  which  disputed  our  advance.  Our  men  deployed  and 
drove  them  to  the  suburbs  of  the  town.  Then  the  113th,  being  in 
the  advance  of  the  column,  were  deployed  in  line  and  moved  on 
them.  Our  men  drove  the  rebels  through  and  out  of  town,  and  then 
halted  and  stacked  arms.  Companies  B,  (1,  K  and  E  go  on  the 
skirmish  line,  and  while  on  this  duty  they  captured  a  Sergeant  of  the 
1 2th  Georgia  Infantry,  and  a  fine  horse.  Our  loss  was  one  killed 
and  two  wounded.  The  one  killed  belonged  to  the  io8th  Ohio;  Jno. 
A.  Wood,  Sergeant  of  Company  1,  121st  O.  V.  1.  was  badly  wounded 
through  the  lungs.  The  division  went  into  camp  and  the  20th  Corps 
camped  near  us.  S.  E.  Bailey,  Company  B,  is  the  fortunate  possessor 
of  a  blind  mule,  which  he  pressed  into  service  recently.  He  comes  in 
now  and  then  with  a  full    supply  of  poultry  and  other  choice  feed. 


November,  '64.  J  History  oj  the  iijl/i  O.  V.  /.  119 

27.  Sunday.  The  division  moved  with  the  second  brigade  in  the 
rear.  We  had  no  particular  incident  to  record.  The  foragers  now 
comprise  about  ninety  men  out  of  a  hundred.  It  is  not  possible  to 
describe  the  nature  and  extent  of  this  band  of  food  gatherers.  They 
do  not  always  exercise  mercy  toward  the  citizens  with  whom  they 
come  in  contact,  but  I  have  witnessed  no  acts  of  violence.  The  first 
soldier  divides  with  the  unfortunate  citizen,  taking  the  larger  share  ; 
the  next,  and  the  next  do  likewise,  and  by  the  time  the  whole  line  has 
passed,  nothing  remains  worth  dividing. 

We  crossed  the  Ogeechee  river  at  3  P.  M.  and  camped  three  miles 
further  on.  We  have  been  moving  southeasterly,  and  have  marched 
fifteen  miles. 

28.  We  were  on  our  way  at  an  early  hour,  reaching  a  point  within 
two  miles  of  Louisville,  Jefferson  county,  Ga.,  at  noon.  At  this 
point  we  were  detained  while  a  bridge  was  thrown  across  Rocky 
Comfort  creek.  We  then  marched  forward,  passed  through  Louis- 
ville, and  camped  a  mile  east  of  town.  The  foragers  found  a  great 
quantity  of  provisions  and  household  goods  in  a  swamp  on  our  left 
to-day.  They  brought  in  many  articles  not  necessary  to  the  comfort 
of  a  soldier.     We  have  marched  fifteen  miles  to-day. 

2g.  Adjutant  Ladd  took  a  party  out  on  a  foraging  expedition  and 
procured  pork,  poultry  and  meal. 

Richard  Cox,  teamster,  was  out  with  a  foraging  party.  They  were 
attacked  by  rebels,  and  Cox  was  shot,  stripped  of  his  clothing,  and 
left  for  dead.  He  was  brought  into  camp  and  cared  for.  He  may 
recover.  Stratton  is  suffering  an  attack  of  colic,  ^\'e  remained 
camped  to-day. 

jO.  Companies  C',  H,  E,  K,  (i  and  B  went  out  a  mile  from  cam[) 
as  a  guard  to  a  forage  train  consisting  of  six  wagons. 

"  When  within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  the  house  at  which  a  i^art} 
of  rebels  had  been  seen  yesterday,  we  halted  and  prepared  to  throw 
out  skirmishers.  Before  this  was  accomplished  some  foragers  further 
out  began  to  exchange  shots  with  the  foe,  and  sooner  than  it  can  be 
told  a  detachment  of  rebel  cavalry  came  upon  us,  front,  right  and 
left.  Their  appearance  was  so  sudden  and  unexpected  that  our 
party  was  taken  at  a  great  disadvantage. 

"  The  enemy  dashed,  fired  and  shouted  at  us  at  a  terrible  rate.  A 
ball  passed  through  a  sapling  and  then  spent  its  wasted  force  in  my 
stomach,  but  upon  examination  I  found  I  was  not  much  hurt.  W'c 
were  being  pressed  on  our  front,  right  and  left,  but  we  kept  up  a 
brisk  fire  and  fell  back  gradually  toward  our  pickets  and  camp. 

"At  the  picket  nost  we  received  some  support,  and  soon  the   17th 


KiYiy-iAiy  Si>/,/i<i    IaJi  :         | 'lliiou^fli  (icorgia 


N.  Y.  cunic  to  our  aid,  giving  us  the  opjKjrlunity  of  regaining  what 
ground  had  been  lost.  Other  regiments  from  camp  came  out  on 
double-(iuick  upon  learning  of  our  being  attacked.  These,  and  a 
force  of  our  cavalry  scoured  the  county,  and  soon  returned  to  camp 
without  getting  a  shot  at  the  enemy.  'I"he  affair  lasted  an  hour  and 
had  some  features  about  it  that  were  worth  laughing  at  after  it  was 
over.  We  lost  eight  men,  and  I  \)resunie  these  were  all  taken  prison- 
ers. One  or  two  of  our  wounded  were  carried  off  by  the  enemy. 
Earnest  Snyder,  of  Company  E,  was  captured.  Tom  Hallan  was  in 
their  hands  for  a  time,  but  got  away."     [(i.] 

'I'he  foraging  detail  under  command  of  Lieutenant  C.  P.  (iarman, 
made  a  trip  into  the  country  but  found  very  little  produce.  At  the 
residence  of  a  wealthy  lady  we  were  entertained  by  her  daughters  with 
some  piano  music.  These  girls  do  not  use  tobacco.  The  vandal 
hand  was  very  busy  all  day,  but  no  outrages  were  committed. 


1 )  E  C  EMBER,    r  8  6  4. 

/.  The  column  again  moved  on  ;  Morgan's  division  is  marching 
as  a  train  guard  for  the  14th  Corps.  The  roads  run  through  swamps 
and  are  sandy  and  heavy.  The  country  is  flat  and  only  [)artly  im- 
proved. 

Captain  McCrea  commanded  the  organized  company  of  foragers  to- 
day. We  can  find  plenty  of  hogs,  cattle  and  sheep,  but  bread  stuff, 
that  which  we  need  most,  can  not  be  found  so  easily.  Marched  ten 
miles  and  camped  on  the  left.  We  are  leaving  Millen  to  our  right 
and  Wainsboro  to  the  left.  Our  course  since  leaving  Milledgeville 
has  been  nearly  east,  but  now  we  bear  toward  the  south. 

2.  ()ur  division  is  again  with  tlie  corps  train.  It  has  been  a  hard 
day  on  man  and  beast.  The  road  is  almost  a  continuous  swamp  and 
the  heavy  trains  require  tVequent  assistance.  The  rear  of  our  train 
came  in  at  midnight  and  the  1  r3th  went  to  bed  supperless. 

It  is  reported  that  six  of  our  foragers  were  killed  to-day.  Some 
say  their  throats  were  cut  and  a  card  pinned  to  each,  read,  "  Death 
to  all  foragers." 

The  foraging  detail  was  commanded  by  Captain  J.  K.  Hamilton,  and 
the  party  took  dinner  near  a  large,  vacant  house,  the  property  of  a 
prominent  and  wealthy  rebel  named  Byrne.  Before  the  column  had 
passed  the  house  was  in  flames,  having  been  set  on  fire  by  accident 
or  design  ;  probably  the  latter. 


December, '64.  J  His  lory  0/ the  113  lli  O.  V.l.  121 

Near  here  Captain  Hamilton's  party  found  a  large  pile  of  sweet 
potatoes,  guarded  by  a  single  Michigan  soldier.  Captain  H.  told  us 
to  take  them  ;  the  Michigander  fixed  his  bayonet  and  objected  He 
was  at  length  dispossessed.  Captain  H.  said  to  him,  "Tell  your 
officers  that  Captain  Hamilton,  of  the  113th  Ohio,  took  your  potatoes  ; 
we  must  have  them."  We  have  marched  ten  miles,  and  our  camp  is 
at  the  crossing  of  the  Birdsville  and  Wainsboro  roads,  and  near  Buck- 
head  creek. 

3.  The  troops  moved  ahead,  crossing  Buckhead  creek  during  the 
forenoon.  The  column  changed  direction,  and,  after  a  hard  day's 
work  on  account  of  the  character  of  the  roads,  the  divisions  of  Carlin 
and  Morgan  camped  at  Lumpkin's  station,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Jacksonboro  road  and  the  Augusta   and  Savannah  railway. 

While  crossing  the  pontoon  at  Buckhead,  a  mule  loaded  with  sweet 
potatoes  lost  his  equilibrium  and  fell  into  the  stream.  He  was 
fished  out  by  the  boys,  more  on  account  of  the  load  he  carried  than 
for  their  lo*.'e  of  the  animal. 

Lieutenant  George  H.  Lippincott  commanded  the  organized  regi- 
mental foragers.  Crossing  the  creek  at  an  early  hour  the  party  flanked 
to  the  right  and  then  returned  to  the  road  and  took  dinner  in  a  farm 
yard  at  a  plantation,  whose  owner  had  gone  off,  leaving  his  family  and 
his  worldly  effects  at  our  mercy. 

Later  in  the  day  we  halted  at  the  palatial  residence  of  Mrs. 
Churchill,  whose  daughters  entertained  us  with  music.  One  of  them 
sang  a  rebel  song  in  our  very  faces,  with  a  defiant  devotion  worthy  of 
a  better  cause.     The  choi'us  ran  thus. 

"  I'd  ratlier  be  a  soldier's  wife 

And  smile  upon  him  all  his  life; 

I'll  wait  for  some  brave  volunteer. 

Who  shall  my  youth  and  beauty  share." 

We  find  but  few  houses.  These  indicate  by  their  character  that 
the  country  is  inhabited  by  two  classes,  the  very  rich  and  the  very 
poor.     We  have  marched  eleven  miles. 

4.  Sunday.  Our  two  divisions  moved  in  the  direction  of  Jackson- 
l)oro.  A  part  of  the  command  destroyed  three  miles  of  the  railroad 
at  Lumpkin's  Station,  and  moving  ahead  the  whole  force  made  an 
agreeable  march  of  thirteen  miles,  camping  on  the  right  of  the  road 
in  a  grove  of  pine.  The  character  of  the  route  differs  from  that  we 
have  been  marching  over.  Only  an  occasional  plantation  can  be 
seen,  the  country  is  covered  with  pine  timber  and  a  tall   wiry  grass 

13 


122  Evcry-iltiy  Sohlitr  Liji  :  |'I"hii)Uj^li  Cicoi^ia 

grows  everywhere.     We  saw  patches  of   rice  to-day  growing  in  low 
phices.     This  is  the  first  many  of  us  have  ever  seen. 

'I'he  regimental  foragers  marched  in  command  of  Lieutenant  W. 
.\.  M.  Davis.  Crossing  the  railroad  in  the  direction  of  Wainsboro 
they  captured  some  meal  a  mile  further  (jn.  The  i)arty  worked  on 
the  right  flank  during  the  forenoon  and  dined  near  a  church  at  a 
sjjring,  six  miles  from  the  railroad.  (^ani])ed  with  their  comrades  at 
night. 

5.  The  I  13th  moved  with  the  rear  jjart  of  the  corps  train,  leaving 
camp  after  10  A.  M.  The  route  lay  through  a  sandy  country  giving 
evidences  of  poverty.  After  a  hard  day's  march  of  fifteen  miles  the 
whole  corps  cam[)ed  in  the  vicinity  of  Jacksonboro,  and  close  to 
lirier  creek. 

Lieutenant  John  S.  Skeels  commanded  our  foraging  party  to-day. 
We  reached  Lawton's  Mills  early  in  the  day.  Our  mounted  foragers 
had  already  taken  possession  of  the  mill  and  were  grinding  briskly. 
Here  we  procured  a  light  wagon,  and  putting  upon  it  a  lond  of  meal 
proceeded  forward.  Flanked  to  the  right  and  went  into  cam[)  near 
the  brigade  at  night. 

6.  Our  regiment  is  marching  again  willi  tlic  train.  The  sand  is 
deep  and  loose  and  often  fills  our  shoes.  We  have  marched  nearly 
parallel  with  the  Savannah  river  and  not  far  from  it.  Crossed 
Beaver-dam  creek  earl\  this  morning  on  a  pontoon  which  had  been 
built  during  last  night.  We  have  made  twenty  miles  to-day,  and 
our  cam])  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Hudson's  Ferry,  on  the  Savannah 
river.  The  enemy  has  obstructed  the  road  in  our  advance  by  falling 
trees  across  it.  These  are  being  removed.  Captain  Shepherd,  Com- 
pany K,  commanded  the  foragers.  Soon  after  leaving  camp  we 
entered  a  house  on  the  left.  Here  we  found  some  clothing  buried  in 
a  garden.  Going  to  a  room  in  the  second  story  I  found  a  double 
barreled  shot  gun  which  1  broke  round  a  sapling  in  the  yard.  Further 
on  we  butchered  some  hogs  and  left  the  meat  at  the  roadside  in 
charge  of  two  men  who  were  instructed  to  point  it  out  to  the  113th 
when  they  came  along.  At  a  house  on  the  right,  further  on,  was  a 
young  Miss  from  the  other  side  of  the  river.  She  begged  us  to  deal 
gently  with  her  fellow,  even  her  lover,  if  he  should  fall  into  our  hands. 
Took  dinner  near  a  burning  gin  house,  and  again  struck  the  road  at 
the  Middle  Ground  Church  (liaptist).  Chas.  Sj)rague  had  cajitured 
a  fine  shell  during  the  day,  for  which  I  paid  him  ^5. 

7.  After  some  delay  in  clearing  the  road  we  again   moved  forward. 


December,  '64.]  History  of  the  iJJth  O.  l\  I.  123 

Our  division  with  a  pontoon  train  in  charge  of  Colonel  Buell,  reached 
Ebenezer  creek  late  in  the  evening  and  began  to  prepare  to  lay  a 
bridge  across  the  stream.  The  113th  took  a  position  near  the  creek, 
and  within  a  supporting  distance  of  Colonel  Buell's  pontooneers.  We 
have  marched  fifteen  miles,  and  have  passed  several  dreary  swamps 
on  either  hand. 

The  foragers  marched  again  in  command  of  Captain  Shepherd.  We 
killed  seventeen  hogs  on  the  left  of  the  road,  and  after  dressing  and 
cutting  up  the  meat  into  small  pieces  (leaving  the  hair  on),  we  piled 
it  at  the  road  side  on  some  rails,  in  ten  equal  quantities,  for  the  ten 
companies  of  the  regiment.  Leaving  three  men  in  charge  of  the  meat 
we  moved  on.  When  the  1 13th  came  along  in  the  line  of  march  the 
meat  was  pointed  out  to  them,  and  each  company,  securing  the  pile 
to  which  it  was  entitled,  carried  it  to  idie  end  of  the  day's  march, 
when  the  pieces  were  skinned  and  prepared  for  cooking. 

Late  in  the  evening  we  found  a  large  lot  of  sweet  potatoes,  and 
piling  them  into  a  cart,  we  prevailed  on  a  cavalry  man  of  Kilpatrick's 
command  to  haul  them  into  camp  for  us.  Harness  ?  Well,  the  har- 
ness, cart  and  potatoes  belonged  at  the  same  place. 

8.  Our  column  did  not  move  till  late  in  the  forenoon,  though 
Colonel  Buell  and  his  force  worked  all  night  to  complete  the  bridge. 
When  the  bridge  was  completed  the  work  of  crossing  Ebenezer  began, 
but  progressed  slowly.  After  crossing,  our  brigade  halted  for  dinner' 
near  the  bridge;  several  shots  were  fired  at  our  column  from  a  gunboat 
in  the  river  on  our  left.  We  were  not  harmed,  but  the  first  shot  made 
us  a  little  nervous.  Captain  Jones  remarked  that  in  all  probability 
there  was  flour  on  board  that  boat,  but  we  had  better  delay  going  for 
it  till  after  dark.  We  can  hear  artillery  a  distance  in  our  front.  We 
moved  ahead  six  miles  and  prepared  to  camp,  but  an  order  to  coun- 
ter march  was  given,  and  the  division  returned  and  camped  near 
where  we  had  taken  dinner.     Have  marched  twelve  miles. 

The  foragers  under  Captain  Shej^herd  moved  off  to  the  right,  pro- 
cured sweet  potatoes  and  mutton,  and  then  returning  to  the  main  road, 
had  a  vexatious  time  finding  the  regimental  camp.  The  Ebenezer  has 
two  streams  here ;  one  is  smaller  than  the  other.  The  smaller  one  is 
spanned  by  a  pontoon, 

g.  Our  column  moved  from  Ebenezer,  and  passing  southward 
through  a  low,  swampy  country,  reached  Cuyler's  plantation,  where  we 
found  the  enemy  occupying  a  small  fort  planted  in  our  pathway.  He 
opened  upon    us  in    a  lively  manner,  and  for  a  time  we  were  at  a 


124  Every-ilay  Soit/irr  Li/c  :  \\\  Savannah 

standstill.  Two  field  pieces  were  put  into  i)osition  by  our  forces  and 
for  a  while  there  was  an  artillery  duel,  night  coining  on  in  the  mean- 
time. In  tliisailion  Lieutenant  Coe,  Battery  1,  -^d  Illinois  .\rtillery, 
was  killed.  During  the  afternoon  a  flat-boat  was  cai)tured  on  the 
Savannah  rivei  on  our  left,  it  contained  provisions  and  some  wine. 
Some  of  our  men  came  up  from  the  boat  in  a  condition  which  re- 
called the  adage  that  "  the  way  to  keep  the  spirits  up  is  to  pour  the 
spirits  down."  The  regiment  camped  in  a  swamp  fifteen  miles  from 
Savannah. 

To-day  the  foragers  were  again  under  the  command  of  (Japtain 
Shepherd.  In  a  garden  near  the  road  we  found  buried  a  ipiantity  of 
s'weet  potatoes,  honey,  meal,  meat,  dishes,  butter  and  lard.  This 
discovery  was  made  by  thrusting  the  ramrod  of  a  gun  into  the  earth 
in  various  places  in  the  garden.  inally,  thu  rod  struck  the  lid  of  a 
box  in  which  the  goods  were  stored,  and  the  whole  was  unearthed. 
Though  we  have  been  marching  j^arallel  with  the  river,  and  some- 
times within  a  half  mile  of  it  for  two  days,  we  had  but  one  glimpse 
of  the  stream,  its  banks  being  so  densely  covered  with  cypress  and 
other  trees  as  to  hide  the  river  entirely.  We  marched  only  eight 
miles. 

10.  The  fort  in  our  front  was  evacuated  last  night,  and  we  moved 
ahead  unmolested  early  this  morning.  The  113th  went  on  a  scout 
in  the  direction  of  the  river.  Returning  to  the  main  road,  the  1 13th 
joined  the  rest  of  the  division  at  Ten  Mile  House.  Camped  near  the 
Charleston  and  Savannah  railroad,  having  marched  only  five  miles. 

The  foragers  have  been  under  my  orders  to-day.  We  scouted  on 
the  right  of  the  main  road,  captured  a  jjortable  corn  mill,  and  carried 
it  with  us  till  noon,  when  we  put  it  w\)  and  ground  some  meal.  In 
the  afternoon  we  crossed  the  road,  and,  after  considerable  effort, 
we  reached  the  river,  and  then,  returning  to  the  road,  cam[jed  with 
the  regiment. 

//.  Sunday.  At  8  A.  M.  our  brigade  moved  toward  Savannah, 
passed  the  20th  A.  C,  filed  right,  and,  striking  the  line  of  the  rail- 
road, took  a  position  on  the  front  line,  relieving  troops  of  the  17th  A. 
C.  These  go  to  the  right.  The  rebels,  under  Hardee,  are  in  our 
front. 

Our  protracted  picnic  is  now  at  an  end ;  we  are  here  to  stay,  and 
sooner  or  later  we  ^hall  hold  dress  parade  in  the  streets  of  this  his- 
toric old  city.  I  took  the  foragers  several  miles  south  to  the  river's 
bank,  where  we  procured  meat,  rice  and  potatoes.  We  then  joined 
our  command  in  the  line.    The  rebels  are  shelling  part  of  our  line. 


December,  '64.]         History  of  the  iTjth  O.  V.  I.  125 

12.  Our  brigade  was  relieved  this  morning  by  troops  of  the  Twen- 
tieth Corps.  Marching  some  distance  southward,  we  crossed  the 
Savannah  &:  Augusta  railroad,  and  relieved  the  troops  of  the  First 
Division,  14th  A.  C.  Companies  I,  C,  H  and  E  went  on  the  skirmish 
line  on  the  bank  of  an  old  dry  canal,  which  is  said  to  have  been  made 
by  General  Jackson  during  the  Florida  War. 

The  foraging  party  repaired  to  the  river,  and,  procuring  a  boat, 
crossed  over  a  branch  of  the  Savannah  on  to  a  large  island  called 
Argile,  seven  miles  above  the  city.  Then,  by  means  of  a  skiff,  rowed 
by  some  negroes  belonging  to  Taylor's  plantation,  we  crossed  the 
eastern  arm  of  the  river  which  separates  the  island  from  South  Caro- 
lina. We  are  now  on  the  hated  soil  of  the  chief  of  rebel  states.  We 
began  an  indiscriminate  slaughter  of  Mr.  Taylor's  stock.  All  at 
once  the  cry  was  heard:  "The  rebels  are  coming!  the  rebels  are 
coming!  "  Not  a  few  of  our  party  turned  their  backs  on  South  Car- 
olina and  made  for  the  skiff  at  the  bank  of  the  river.  Others  of  us, 
who  were  too  heavily  loaded  to  run,  stood  our  ground,  and  began  in- 
quiring into  the  cause  of  the  alarm.  At  the  distance  of  half  a  mile 
could  be  seen  a  body  of  cavalrymen  drawn  up  in  line,  carefully 
watching  our  movements.  I  assisted  Lieutenant  Henry  Urban,  io8th 
Ohio,  to  rally  the  men  into  line,  and  we  took  a  position  behind  a  dike 
near  Taylor's  rice  mill.  The  enemy  contented  themselves  by  watch- 
ing us  a  few  minutes  longer,  and  then  rode  slowly  away.  We  then 
recrossed  the  river  to  the  Georgia  side,  and  made  our  way  to  camp, 
finding  the  regiment  with  difficulty.  During  the  night,  a  cannon 
shot,  passing  through  a  tree  above  our  heads,  cut  off  a  limb,  which 
fell  on  our  bed,  but  did  us  no  harm. 

IJ.  The  bread  question  is  becoming  an  important  one.  One  pound 
of  bread  for  three  days  is  our  allowance.  The  rebels  in  our  front 
are  busy  building  forts  and  other  offensive  and  defensive  works. 
Something  will   be  done  soon  that  will   astonish   the  natives. 

The  different  corps  of  our  army  are  in  position  as  follows : 
The  Twentieth  Corps  occupies  the  left  of  our  line;  its  left  rests  on 
the  Savannah  river,  near  Williams'  plantation.  The  Fourteenth 
joins  the  right  of  the  Twentieth,  and  extends  from  the  Augusta  rail- 
road to  Lawton's  plantation,  beyond  the  canal.  The  Seventeenth 
Corps  joins  the  right  of  the  Fourteenth,  and  the  Fifteenth  Corps  oc- 
cupies the  extreme  right,  resting  on  the  Gulf  railway. 

Late  this  evening  we  received  the  news  that  General  Hazen's 
trooi)s  have  taken   l''ort  McAllister,  and  such  cheering  as  was  heard 


126  Ezwry-i/iiy  SoLiii-r  Lijc  :  [At  Savaniuili 

along  the   line  is  seldom  heard   by  mortal   ears.     'I'his  means  bread 
and  mail.      The  foragers  remained  in  camp. 

/^.  One  of  our  guns  on  the  line  of  the  First  Division  has  been 
throwing  solid  shot  into  the  city,  a  distance  of  three  miles.  This  is 
calculated  to  disturb  their  devotions  to  some  extent. 

Captain  John  W.  Kile  went  with  a  foraging  party  for  su|jplies.  We 
proceeded  to  the  river,  and  crossed  over  into  Argyle  island.  Had  a 
little  skirmish  with  a  party  of  rebels,  who  fired  at  us  from  the  Caro- 
lina shore,  but  at  such  a  distance  as  to  do  us  no  harm.  \Ve  procured 
rice,  beans  and  meat,  and,  returning  to  the  west  bank,  spent  the  night 
at  a  rice  mill  near  the  river. 

jj.  Rode  into  camp  on  a  mule  barefooted.  Some  miscreant  stole 
my  shoes  while  1  slept,  and  1  paid  two  dollars  for  a  pair  to  rejilace 
the  stolen  ones.  There  is  seldom  a  loss  that  does  not  have  a  corres- 
ponding good.  I  will  watch  this  case  and  see  where  the  good  comes 
in.  Ned,  our  cook,  decamped  early  this  morning,  carrying  with  him 
considerable  goods  belonging  to  McLane,  Cisco  and  Ray.  Their 
curses  and  maledictions  followed  him  in  the  direction  of  Shady  Dale. 

i6.  The  foragers  went  to  the  river  bank  to-day  to  thresh  and  clean 
rice.  They  are  in  the  charge  of  Corporal  J.  E.  Sidner.  There  is  a 
great  quantity  of  rice  in  some  of  those  mills,  but  it  is  in  the  sheaf  and 
hull,  and  we  Yankees  are  ignorant  of  the  process  of  threshing  and 
hulling  it.  Matters  in  camp  are  monotonous,  and  nearly  devoid  of 
interest.  We  understand  that  steamers  and  other  vessels  now  run  up 
the  Ogeechee  within  six  miles  of  our  camp. 

I/'.  A  large  mail  arrived  to-day.  My  share  is  forty-seven  papers 
and  seven  letters.  Perhaps  some  got  away.  Nearly  everybody  got 
a  letter.  No  mail  has  reached  us  till  now  since  November  21st,  and 
we  have  been  in  blissful  ignorance  of  what  has  been  going  on  in 
other  places. 

18.  Sunday.  The  foraging  party  has  been  disbanded  and  the  men 
have  joined  their  respective  companies.  They  have  had  a  rare  ex- 
perience in  the  past  thirty  days.  The  weather  continues  warm  and 
clear.  The  men  are  engaged  in  writing  letters  to  their  friends,  giving 
a  descrii)tion  of  the  grand  march  and  of  the  present  situation.  The 
folks  will  be  glad  to  hear  from  us.  Lieutenant  Chatfield  who  has 
been  out  foraging  for  three  days,  returned  loaded  with  supplies. 

20.  Things  are  oppressively  dull  on  our  line,  and  have  been  for  days 
past.  It  is  feared  that  General  Sherman  contemplates  an  assault  on 
these  works  of  the  enemy  soon.     That  means  death  to  many  of  us. 


December,  '64.  J  History  of  the  njth  O.  V.  I.  127 

and  we  dread  to  hear  of  it.  General  Sherman  demanded  a  surrender 
of  the  city  three  days  ago,  but  General  Hardee  refused.  Hope  he 
may  change  his  mind  soon. 

SAVANNAH  IS  OURS. 

21.  At  daylight  the  news  sped  along  our  line  that  there  was  no 
enemy  in  our  front,  and  in  a  few  minutes  some  of  our  men  were  in- 
specting the  rebel  works  and  scouting  far  beyond  the  lines  held  by 
them  yesterday.  An  hour  later  we  learned  more  of  the  particulars, 
and  began  to  rejoice.  By  noon  it  was  generally  known  that  Hardee 
had  evacuated  the  city  by  crossing  the  Savannah  on  a  pontoon  bridge 
during  the  night,  and  that  his  forces  had  marched  toward  Charleston 
by  the  Causeway  road.  It  is  a  great  victory ;  doubly  great  because 
it  is  bloodless. 

We  packed  our  knapsacks  and  held  ourselves  ready  to  move,  but 
the  day  passed  and  night  came  on,  and  yet  we  did  not  move.  The 
rebels  left  most  of  their  heavy  artillery  (fifty  guns  it  is  said),  for, 
having  to  cross  a  pontoon,  it  was  hardly  possible  to  move  their  siege 
pieces.     They  left  several  thousand  bales  of  cotton. 

22.  We  fell  in  at  eight  o'clock,  and,  after  a  tedious  and  provoking 
march,  reached  the  site  on  which  we  camped  at  3  P.  M.  We  are 
camped  south  of  the  canal,  one  and  a  half  miles  from  Savannah.  We 
began  preparations  for  building  quarters. 

24..  AVe  have  been  full  of  business  in  erecting  quarters  to  live  in. 
The  nights  are  cool,  and  we  do  not  sleep  very  comfortable.  Some  of 
our  officers — Kile,  Chatfield,  McCrea,  Shej^herd  and  Lippincott — 
have  come  into  possession  of  a  rebel  hospital  tent,  and  will  put  it  up 
and  mess  together.  Our  men  who  have  visited  the  city  are  much 
pleased  with  its  appearance. 

25.  Sunday.  Christmas  has  come  again.  Last  year  we  were  on 
Stringer's  Ridge,  in  Tennessee.  Who  dare  predict  where  we  shall  be 
when  Christmas  shall  come  again  .''  This  is  our  third  Christmas  in 
the  service. 

Last  night  someone  in  cam))  began  to  celebrate  Christmas  by  firing 
a  salute.  Another  followed  the  e.xample,  and  the  fun  spread  like  a 
contagion.  Finally  Companies  D  and  E  were  ordered  out  and  in- 
structed to  arrest  the  noisy  offenders.  This  increased  the  fun,  for.  as 
the  guards  passed  up  and  down  the  streets  of  camp,  they  were  saluted 
with:  "  Lie  down  ;  "  "  Grab  a  root;  "  "  Hide  your  haversacks,  they 
are  after  your  rice."     The  ii3tli  had  company  inspection  at  9  A.  M. 


128  Evcry-iiiiy  Soliiid-  JJj,  .  |  riiii)iij;h  ( icurj^ia 

Lieutenant  Chatfield,  J.  O.  Kite,  John  G.  Cianson,  John  Wauk, 
Jackson  C.  Doughty  and  I  went  l(j  the  city  on  a  pass.  Some  of  us  took 
dinner  with  nieml)ers  of  the  66lh  O.  \'.  \'.  1. 

26.  The  company  officers  are  busy  witli  their  accounts  and  pauers 
of  various  kinds.  I  have  been  assisting  Lieutenant  McCrea  to  make 
" //'//f?/  .S'A?/c7//c// A  "  f(jr  deceased  soldiers.  Mike  Huddleston,  John 
Wilson  and  Captain  Swisher  started  home  on  furlough.  This  may  be 
very  fine  for  eaih  of  them,  Init  1  have  no  special  desire  to  go  home, 
and  therefore  do  not  envy  them  in  the  least. 

2J.  The  Fourteenth  Corjjs  was  reviewed  by  (ieneral  Sherman  in 
the  city  to-day.  Our  division  left  at  ro  A.  M.,  and  returned  at  3  V. 
M.  All  passed  off  well,  and  the  men  are  in  a  good  humor,  an  un- 
common thing  on  review  day.  I  remained  in  camp  and  began  work 
on  Muster  Rolls  for  September  and  October. 

31.  This  day  closes  the  eventful  year  of  1864.  As  we  sit  in  our 
little  cotton  homes  and  let  our  minds  run  back  to  that  bleak  New 
Year's  Eve  one  year  ago,  whL-ii  we  watched  for  the  foe  at  Shallow 
Ford  in  northern  Georgia,  and  then  follow  our  record  month  after 
month  down  to  the  present  hour,  it  seems  like  an  age,  so  thickly  have 
events  crowded  one  after  another  upon  us.  The  young  and  joyous 
spring,  the  busy  eventful  summer,  the  solemn  autumn,  have  each 
come  and  gone;  and  now  the  chilly  winter  is  upon  us.  A\'e  are  on 
the  threshold  of  another  year,  whose  dangers  and  trials  are  kindly 
hidden  from  us  by  a  providential  hand  Luckily  for  us  the  long  and 
weary  marches,  the  battles,  sieges  and  campaigns,  the  hungerings  and 
thirstings,  the  sickness  and  sufferings  of  the  future,  all  are  unknown 
to  us.  We  have  a  brave  and  sagacious  leader,  a  noble  and  confident 
army,  a  righteous  cause,  and  a  God  who  rules  the  destinies  of  nations 
and  individuals.  In  these  we  will  put  our  trust  and  go  forward  in 
belief  that  the  right  will  triumph. 

MARCIUNG  THROUGH  GEORGIA. 

liring  the  good  old  bugle,  boys!   we'll  sing  another  .song — 
Sing  it  with  a  spirit  that  will  start  the  world  along — 
Sing  it  ns  we  used  losing  it,  fifty  thousand  strong, 
While  we  were  marching  through  Georgia. 

CH(JRUS. 

Hurrah!   hurrah!   we  bring  the  Jubilee  ! 
Hurrah  !    hurrah  !   the  flag  that  makes  you  free  ! 
So  we  sang  the  chorus  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea, 

While  we  were  marching  through  Georgia. 


January,  '65. 1  History  of  the  rrj/Zi  O.   V.  /.  129 

How  the  darkeys  shouted  when  they  heard  the  joyful  sound  ! 
How  the  turkeys  gobbled  which  our  commissary  found  ! 
How  the  sweet  potatoes  even  started  from  the  ground, 

While  we  were  marching  through  Georgia. — Chorus. 

Yes,  and  there  were  Union  men  who  wept  with  joyful  tears, 
When  they  saw  the  honored  flag  they  had  not  seen  for  years! 
Hardly  could  they  be  restrained  from  breaking  forth  in  cheers. 
While  we  were  marching  through  Georgia. — Chorus. 

Sherman's  dashing  Yankee  boys  will  never  reach  the  coast ! 
So  the  saucy  Rebels  said  :  and  'twas  a  handsome  boast — 
Had  they  not  forgot,  alas  !  to  reckon  with  the  host, 

While  we  were  marching  through  Georgia. — Chorus. 

So  we  made  the  thoroughfare  for  Freedom  and  her  train, 
Sixty  miles  in  latitude — three  hundred  to  the  main  ; 
Treason  fled  before  us  —  for,  resistance  was  in  vain. 

While  we  were  marching  through  Georgia. — Chorus. 


JANUARY,    1865. 

/.  Sunday.  The  day  dawns  full  of  hope  to  the  American  people. 
The  war  cloud  which  has  been  darkening  our  National  sky  seems  to  be 
lifting,  and  the  sun  of  hope  and  enduring  peace  begins  to  shine.  During 
the  past  few  months  x\tlanta  and  Savannah  have  both  fallen  before  our 
victorious  columns,  and  Hood  has  been  sorely  defeated  at  Nashville 
by  Thomas  and  his  veterans.  Peace  to  the  ashes  of  those  who  have 
fallen,  and  let  the  living  take  fresh  courage  and  stop  at  nothing 
short  of  an  abundant  and  lasting  peace. 

2.  Our  work  continues  on  rolls,  papers  and  statements.  But  for 
this  our  time  would  be  heavier  than  it  is.  A  soldier  longs  for  the 
excitement  of  the  march,  and  thrives  on  campaigns  and  duties  of  an 
onerous  character.  Sometimes  he  enjoys  a  rest  in  camp  for  a  short 
time,  and  then  the  restless  spirit  takes  possession  of  him,  and  he 
chafes  under  the  monotony  of  camp  life,  and  wants  to  hear  the  assem- 
bly sounding. 

Green  made  a  visit  to  the  city  yesterday  and  attended  worship  at 
one  of  the  churches.  He  says  the  preacher  neglected  to  mention  the 
soldier  in  his  sermon,  and  in  his  prayer  he  failed  to  thank  God  that 
the  city  was  again  in  the  hands  of  the  Federal  government.  Green 
was  so  disgusted  at  this  that  he  calls  the  minister  an  old  sinner,  and 
will  not  again  visit  his  church. 
14 


130  Eiriy-iiay  Soli/in    I.iji  :  |  At  Savannah 

Stratton  and  Bradford  built  a  chimney  to  our  (luartcrs.  The  thing 
draws  well,  but  it  is  no  beaut) . 

J.  The  113th  went  out  on  a  special  duty  this  afternoon.  Passing 
through  the  southern  part  of  the  city  the  regiment  took  the  King's 
Bridge  road  and  marched  to  Marshall's  plantation,  six  miles  west  of 
the  city.  Here  they  camped  to  the  left  of  the  shell  road,  and  in  a 
grove  of  live  oaks.  Nature  and  art  have  joined  hands  in  making 
the  situation  attractive,  and  we  shall  try  to  enjoy  our  stay  here.  We 
are  guarding  a  large  lot  of  mules  which  are  feeding  on  the  dead  grass 
which  abounds  in  this  section. 

The  company  otificers  established  themselves  in  a  long  brick  build- 
ing which  has  been  used  as  negro  quarters  in  times  past.  'I'his 
building  is  nearly  200  feet  in  length,  and  is  sub-divided  into  small 
apartments. 

6.  The  weather  is  warm  and  wet.  I  can  hardly  believe  that  at 
home  our  friends  are  riding  over  the  frozen  snow,  with  bells  jingling 
and  ears  tingling  with  cold.  Captain  Jones,  Lieutenant  McCrea 
and  Lieutenant  Lippincott  went  bathing  this  afternoon. 

8.  Sunday.  The  98th  O.  V.  L  relieved  the  113th  at  ii  A.  M.  and 
we  returned  to  our  former  camp  near  the  city.  Our  trip  of  five 
days  out  among  the  green  trees  and  singing  birds  has  been  an  en- 
joyable one,  yet  all  are  glad  to  be  back. 

g.  The  113th,  with  six  commissioned  officers,  performed  duty  on 
the  fortifications  near  the  city.  There  was  fun  in  this  to  those  of  us 
who  viewed  the  work  from  a  distance.  I  have  been  verj'  busy  with 
my  writing  work  for  several  days,  and  have  been  excused  from  other 
duties.  Lieutenant  McCrea  visited  Richard  Cox  at  the  hospital  to- 
day. He  is  getting  along  well  and  will  recover.  Some  of  the  men 
killed  an  aligator  near  camp  a  day  or  two  ago.  It  had  been  tempted 
too  far  from  the  river  by  the  offal  of  our  slaughter  pen.  Some  of  the 
boys  said  it  wanted  to  enlist. 

//.  Yesterday  was  a  rainy,  disagreeable  day,  and  we  kept  insi^^ 
our  quarters  to  keep  dry.  Richard  Sullivan,  Company  E,  died  in  the 
hospital  to-day.  The  frogs  are  having  a  vocal  concert  near  camp. 
Clothing  was  issued  to  the  men  to-day.  A  colored  dance  was  one  of 
the  attractions  last  night.  We  get  an  occasional  mess  of  oysters  in 
the  shell. 

72.  We  have  been  listening  for  some  time  for  an  order  to  change 
our  camp  to  some  other  site.  The  order  came  this  forenoon,  and 
after  some  little  oaths  on  account  of  the  impossibility  of  moving  our 


January, '65.]  History  of  the\i  13th  0.  V.  t.  i^t 

chimneys  and  the  probability  of  getting  our  camp  in  a  worse  place, 
we  packed,  marched  a  short  distance  and  built  our  cotton  city  at  the 
southern  suburbs  of  the  city  on  West  Broad  street.  Kilpatrick's  cav- 
alry division  is  being  reviewed  by  General  Sherman. 

I  J.  We  have  been  busy  to-day  with  our  quarters.  Some  of  the 
materials  of  our  former  camp  were  carried  up  on  our  shoulders  and 
used  again  here.  We  are  on  a  dry  site,  somewhat  better  than  the 
one  we  have  just  left.  John  O'Leary  had  his  arm  broken  last  night. 
A  number  of  our  officers  went  to  theater  to  hear  Doesticks. 

14.  The  113th  went  on  the  picket  line  about  four  miles  west  of  the 
city  and  near  the  old  line  of  works  of  the  rebels.  We  relieved  the 
14th  Michigan,  Major  Fitzgibbon  commanding.  A  high  wind  pre- 
vailed all  day,  and  our  post  of  duty  being  in  the  open  country,  we 
suffered  some  discomfort.  I  had  charge  of  a  post  and  twenty-one 
men. 

15.  Sunday.  We  were  relieved  from  picket  at  9  A.  M.  by  the 
i6th  Illinois.  Arriving  at  camp  we  received  a  large  mail.  We 
had  light  bread  and  rice  for  dinner.  Our  camp  has  been  visited  to- 
day by  a  number  of  ladies  from  the  city.  The  sight  of  a  Yankee 
soldier  does  not  seem  to  throw  them  into  fits  ;  on  the  contrary  they 
seem  to  enjoy  the  situation  reasonably  well.  A  soldier  was  buried 
in  the  cemetery  to-day  with  military  honors. 

16.  Captain  Geo.  A.  Race,  Division  Inspector,  condemned  some 
camp  and  garrison  equipage  for  the  1 13th.  Company  E  borrowed  some 
articles  of  Company  H  for  this  occasion,  and  had  them  condemned  ; 
by  the  time  the  officer  reached  that  company  they  had  borrowed  the 
necessary  things  of  us,  and  they  were  again  inspected  and  condemned. 
It  is  so  seldom  that  we  get  to  play  a  trick  on  an  officer,  that  when 
such  a  thing  happens,  it  ought  to  be  recorded. 

77.  These  rebel  shop-keepers  have  a  steep  list  of  prices.  While  in 
the  city  to-day  I  paid  seventy-five  cents  for  a  crystal  for  my  watch, 
and  the  same  for  a  shave  and  cutting  my  hair.  A  day  or  two  ago  I 
paid  thirty  cents  for  a  pound  of  nails,  to  be  used  in  fixing  our  quarters. 
Lieutenant  G.  H.  Lippincott  will  leave  the  regiment  to-morrow  to 
take  charge  of  a  section  in  a  general  supply  train. 

ig.  It  is  raining  briskly.  We  are  under  orders  to  move,  and  the 
men  stay  close  to  camp.  Some  of  our  company  officers  returned  to 
camp  from  the  city  feeling  very  rich  ;  it  required  some  effort  to  keep 
them  from  returning  to  buy  the  city. 

Silas  Mahlone,  a  descendant  of  Ham,  and  a  cook  of  some  reputa- 


\^i  ttvery-tlay  Solt/icr  Li/c  :     |  Leaving  Savannah 


tion,  got  into  a  melee  with  a  citizen  of  color  down  town,  and  Captains 
Shepherd,  Kile,  McCrea  and  ihc  wrilcr  "  fell  in  "  and  went  to  his 
rescue. 

This  being  the  last  night  in  this  camp,  there  was  a  removal  of  re- 
strictions at  company  headcpiarters,  and  some  unusual  exercises  were 
indulged  in.  Captain  S.  took  the  floor  and  indulged  in  some  flights 
of  oratory  ;  Lieutenant  M.  danced  a  jig,  and  others  api)lauded  vocifer- 
ously.     Nothing  like  it  will  ever  occur  again. 

It  has  been  more  than  a  month  since  we  neared  the  outer  works 
surrounding  Savannah,  and  we  are  not  displeased  in  having  to  start 
out  on  another  campaign. 

20.  The  Fourteenth  Corps  left  Savannah  early  this  morning, 
marched  ten  miles  northward  on  the  Augusta  road,  and  cami)ed  in  a 
heavy  ram.  Most  all  the  men  left  Savannah  cheerfully.  We  have  had 
enough  of  masterly  inactivity,  and  want  to  be  going. 

24.  ^VVe  are  mud-bound  and  water-bound,  and  still  it  rains.  We 
are  halted  at  the  camp,  ten  miles  out  from  Savannah.  Some 
fears  are  entertained  that  we  may  be  compelled  to  return  to  Savan- 
nah and  wait  till  the  weather  is  more  favorable. 

Sergeant  Ward,  Green  and  Mahlone  have  been  sent  back  to 
Savannah  to  find  and  bring  to  the  regiment,  Samuel  L  Beck  and 
William  Cisco,  who  remained  there  without  leave  when  the  troops 
moved. 

25.  The  command  moved  ahead  at  sunrise,  taking  the  Louisville 
road  for  several  miles,  then  filing  right  we  moved  northward,  crossing 
field  and  forest,  regardless  of  roads.  Marched  fifteen  miles  and 
camped  in  a  pine  woods.  Mutton  and  beef  were  issued  to  us  in  the 
evening. 

26.  Our  progress  to-day  has  been  exceedingly  slow.  The  second 
brigade  was  train  guard,  and  we  had  plenty  of  work  to  do  in  hel|)ing 
the  wagons  out  of  the  deep  holes  and  (juicksand.  The  country  is  flat 
and  much  water  stands  on  the  surface.  We  built  small  fires  of  pine 
knots  in  the  woods  during  the  day,  and  while  the  weary  mules  dragged 
their  heavy  loads  along  at  almost  a  snail's  pace,  we  stood  around  our 
smoking  fires  until  our  faces  were  dusky  to  an  extent  that  was  amus- 
ing. Captain  Jones  met  me  during  the  day,  and  after  gazing  in  my 
face  for  a  minute,  studying  who  I  was,  at  length  said,  "  Ah,  I  know 
who  you  are  now;  think  you  had  better  wash  your  face." 

We  halted  at  the  end  of  a  seven  miles  drive,  camping  in  the  vicinity 
of  Springfield. 


February,  '65.]     •      History  0/  the  tijth  O.  V.  I.  133 

27.  After  a  march  of  two  miles  we  reached  Ebenezer  creek, 
finding  it  swollen  by  recent  rains,  and  difficult  to  cross.  But  we 
waded  in  and  pushed  for  the  opposite  shore.  The  water  was  very 
cold  and  small  sheets  of  ice  adhered  to  the  chunks  and  logs.  Soon 
as  we  had  crossed  our  clothes  began  freezing  and  were  soon  stiff  and 
uncomfortable;  but  building  a  number  of  big  fires  in  the  woods  we 
danced  around  them,  joking  and  cheering  until  we  were  somewhat 
comfortable,  then  moving  on  three  miles  from  the  creek,  we  camped 
near  the  house  of  Mr.  Dasher.  The  grass  caught  fire  near  our  tent 
in  the  night,  and  our  bedding  was  partially  destroyed  by  the  fire. 

28.  Moved  forward,  and  bearing  to  the  right  we  reached  the  road 
on  which  our  corps  marched  to  Savannah  last  month.  At  noon  we 
reached  the  vicinity  of  Sisters  Ferry,  which  is  for  the  present  our 
destination.  A  good  supply  of  provisions  was  brought  in.  We  have 
marched  only  seven  miles. 

2g.  Sunday.  The  weather  has  moderated.  We  get  a  gliippse  of 
the  river  at  the  ferry.  It  is  high  and  out  of  its  banks,  and  we  shall 
not  be  able  to  cross  for  several  days.  The  gunboat  Pontiac  and  two 
transports  are  lying  here.  John  Wilson  and  Mike  Huddleston  joined 
us,  having  been  absent  on  a  furlough  of  twenty  days. 

ji.  The  113th  is  on  picket  a  half  mile  from  camp.  The  jolly 
Lieutenant  Garman  entertained  the  men  on  the  reserve  by  a  number 
of  songs,  which  he  sang  in  a  matchless  manner.  Perhaps  the  poet 
had  Garman  in  his  mind  when  he  wrote : 

"  There  are  those  who  touch  the  magic  string, 
And  noisy  fame  is  proud  to  win  them  ; 
But  some,  alas,  refuse  to  sing, 

And  die  with  all  their  music  in  them." 

Our  post  of  duty  is  near  the  Augusta  road. 


FEBRUARY,    1865. 

I.  The  17th  New  York  Vol^.  took  the  place  of  the  113th  on  the 
picket  line,  and  we  returned  to  camp.  Captain  Swisher  arrived  iu 
camp  from  home,  bringing  me  a  pair  of  good  socks  from  home. 
These  are  from  my  mother,  way  up  north  in  Ohio.  I  will  put  them 
on  at  once,  for  she  intends  1  shall  wear  them  out  tramping  through 
rebeldom.  Sergeant  Ward  was  again  sent  back  yesterday  to  find  and 
bring  up  those  skulkers,  Beck  and  Cisco. 


I  ^4  Bvery-tlay  ^ohHer  Li/c  :  [llirough  S.  C. 

2.  Small-pox  has  broken  out  in  the  brigade,  but  I  learn  it  is  under 
control.  A  large  mail  came  to-day.  I  get  fifty  papers  and  several 
letters. 

^.  It  rained  yesterday  and  was  a  dull  day.  We  had  company  inspec- 
tion this  afternoon  i)y  Captain  Otway  Watson.  I  had  charge  of  Com- 
|)any  E  on  inspection,  Lieutenant  McCrea  being  on  fatigue  duty, 
working  the  roads  on  the  South  Carolina  side  of  the  river.  Ward 
came  in  with  Beck  and  Cisco  under  arrest. 

J.  Sunday.  John  O'Leary  starts  home  on  a  furlough.  Parts  of 
the  army  have  been  passing  over  the  river  on  the  pontoon  here  for 
two  days.  At  noon  we  fell  in,  and  marched  to  the  bank  near  the 
bridge  and  stacked  arms.  At  8  P.  M.  we  took  arms,  crossed  the 
Savannah  into  hated  South  Caroliana,  and  went  into  camp  in  a 
sandy  bottom,  two  miles  from  the  river  at  lo  P.  M. 

The  troops  crossing  at  this  ferry  consist  of  the  three  divisions  of 
the  Fourteenth  Corps,  Geary's  Division  of  the  Twentieth,  and  Corse's 
Division  of  the  Fifteenth.  Each  body  has  an  immense  train,  and  ihe 
work  of  crossing  a  large  river  during  high  water  is  attended  with 
much  labor  and  risk.  In  a  day  or  two  from  now  all  will  be  across  in 
safety  and  then  we  go  forward. 

y.  We  remained  motionless  yesterday,  had  a  supply  of  clothing 
issued  to  us,  and  received  a  mail.     It  was  a  rainy,  disagreeable  day. 

Our  late  Colonel,  John  G.  Mitchell,  who  has  been  absent  since 
October  last,  joined  the  command  to-day,  and  is  now  a  Brigadier 
General.  His  commission  as  such  is  dated  January  12th,  1865,  and 
awaited  his  arrival.  Every  man  of  the  113th  feels  gratified  at  this 
promotion  to  a  higher  position  in  rank.  General  Mitchell  brings  with 
him  a  new  flag  for  the  113th,  on  which  is  inscribed  the  names  of  the 
several  engagements  in  which  the  regiment  has  participated,  viz.: 
Chickamauga,  Chattanooga,  Mill  Creek  Gap,  Rome,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro,  Savannah. 

The  Second  Brigade  has  been  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel 
John  S.  Pearce,  98th  O.  V.  I.  during  Colonel  Mitchell's  absence. 

Cassiday,  of  Company  B,  issued  recently  the  following  facetious 
order,  parodizing  one  issued  by  General  Sherman  : 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  "(^ 
In  the  Field,  Sisters  Ferry,  S.  C,  Feb.  5,  1865.  j 
General  Order  \ 
No.  10.  J 

The  army  during  the  ensuing  campaign  will  subsist  chiefly  by  foraging  off  the 
country  through  which  it  passes,  and  foraging  parties  will  be  governed  bv  the 
following  rules : 


February,  '65.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  135 

I.  Each  regimental  commander  will  detail  a  foraging  party  eacii  day  while  upon 
the  march. 

II.  No  detail  shall  be  made  to  exceed  the  whole  eftective  force,  including 
negroes. 

III.  Not  more    than    one  thousand    pack-mules  will  be  allowed  to  a  regiment. 

IV.  No  soldier  will  be  allowed  to  take  any  horses  or  mules    that  cannot  walk. 

V.  No  soldier  will  be  allowed  to  take  anything,  from  a  plantation  which  he 
cannot  carry,  unless  provided  with  a  wagon  or  pack-mule. 

VI.  No  person  shall  carry  more  than  two  hundred  pounds  unless  he  is  a  negro 
impressed  for  the  purpose. 

VII  No  soldier  shall  carry  off  a  grindstone  weighing  more  than  Hve  hundred 
pounds,  as  a  greater  weight  would  injure  the  knapsacks. 

VIII.  No  soldier  will  be  allowed  more  than  three  negroes  as  private  servants  ; 
the  surplus,  if  any,  will  be  sent  to  these  headquarters,  if  females. 

IX.  Burning  of  property  is  strictly  prohibited,  unless  accidental ;  and  any 
soldier  caught  attempting  to  fire  any  incombustible  material  will  \>c  arrested 

X.  Foraging  will  be  conducted  with  as  little  shooting  as  possible,  and  no 
soldier  will  be  allowed  to  shoot  anything  already  dead.  Division  and  brigade 
commanders  will  see  that  these  orders  are  strictly  enforced.  Any  soldier  violat- 
ing the  above  orders  will  be  deprived  of  the  privilege  of  participating  in  any  en- 
gagement during  the  present  campaign,  and  will  be  summarily  dismissed  from 
the  service  immediately  upon  the  expiration  of  his  enlistment 

By  order  of  Ma.ior  General  VV    T.  Sherman. 

OFFICIAI,, 

(Signed)  No— T.  Wiseman,  official, 

(Signed)  L.  M.  Daytun, 

A   A.  A.  G. 


8.  Our  division  marched  at  7  A.  M.,  going  in  a  northwesterly 
course.  Our  way  lay  through  a  swampy  and  uninhabited  region  of 
country.  Went  into  camp  near  Brighton,  having  marched  seven 
miles. 

g.  The  column  moved  in  the  direction  of  the  Augusta  railroad, 
marched  eighteen  miles,  and  camped.  The  weather  is  chilly,  and  a 
high  wind  prevails.  The  road  is  good,  and  we  have  "moved  with 
ease. 

10.  Marched  twenty  miles,  and  camped  in  the  vicinity  of  Black- 
ville,  Barnwell  county.  South  Carolina.  Geary's  Division  of  the 
Twentieth  Corps  is  camped  near  us.  Our  foragers  brought  in  plenty 
potatoes  and  cattle.  The  work  of  destruction  by  fire  has  been  car- 
ried on  extensively  to-day. 

//.  I  Hiring  the  first  mile  this  morning  we  passed  a  cross  roads.  The 
guide  boards  pointed  north  to  Barnwell  C.  H.,  south  to  Burton's 
Ferry,  east   to  Fiddle  Pond,  and  west  to  Augusta,  Ga.     Halted  at 


136  Every 'ilay  Soldier  Lijc  :  [Thruvigh  S.  C. 

9:30  A.  M.  to  let  the  First  Division  of  tlit  Fourteenth  Corps  take  the 
advance.  Moved  ahead  at  i  P.  M.,  crossed  the  Salkehatchie,  and 
passed  through  Barnwell  C  H.,  the  county  seat  of  Barnwell  county. 
This  town  was  mainly  in  ashes  by  the  time  our  division  entered.  It 
is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Combahee  River,  which  at  this 
point  is  only  an  insignificant,  sluggish  stream.  Camped  on  the  right 
of  the  road,  three  miles  northeast  of  town,  having  marched  twelve 
miles.  Foragers  brought  in  meat  and  sweet  potatoes  in  abundance, 
a  part  of  which  will  be  abandoned. 

12.  Sunday.  Marched  at  daylight,  going  at  a  rapid  pace.  At 
10:30  A.  M.  we  reached  the  Charleston  iv:  Augusta  railroad  at  Willis- 
ton,  thirty-eight  miles  from  Augusta,  Georgia,  and  ninety-nine  miles 
from  Charleston.  Taking  the  Columbia  road,  we  halted  for  dinner 
near  a  drained  pond  on  the  left.  At  half  past  three  we  went  into 
camp  on  the  right  bank  of  the  South  Edisto  River,  having  marched 
seventeen  miles.  The  113th  went  to  work  preparing  a  bridge  on 
which  the  column  will  cross  to-morrow. 

13.  The  troo|)s  have  a  difficult  time  crossing  the  stream  before 
mentioned.  Mitchell's  Brigade,  being  in  the  rear,  did  not  cross  till 
about  noon.  Continued  our  march  in  the  direction  of  Columbia,  and, 
having  marched  nine  miles,  we  camped  at  Sally's  Mills.  A  great 
quantity  of  supplies  was  brought  in  by  the  foragers,  and  we  have 
more  now  than  we  can  care  for.  Green's  party  came  in  with  a  yoke 
of  oxen  hauling  a  cart  loaded  with  flour,  meal,  meat  and  sorghum. 

The  torch  of  destruction  has  been  freely  applied  to-day,  and  we 
have  at  no  time  been  out  of  sight  of  fire  and  smoke  from  burning 
buildings.  It  looks  hard,  and  is  hard,  but  then  war  means  death  and 
suftering,  and  the  innocent  often  suffer  with,  as  well  as  for,  the 
guilty. 

The  Twentieth  Corps  has  been  on  our  right,  and  Kilpatrick's  cav- 
alry divi^on  on  our  left,  for  several  days  past. 

14.  Marched  at  6  A.  M.  and  reached  the  North  Edisto  at  ii  A.  M. 
Crossed  at  Horsey 's  Bridge,  and  halted  on  the  left  bank  for  dinner. 
Marched  on  toward  Columbia,  and  camped  in  the  evening  eighteen 
miles  from  the  city  on  the  right  of  the  road.  Rain  and  sleet  fell 
during  the  afternoon,  and  our  march  was  more  disagreeable  on  that 
account.  Captain  Swisher  hauled  my  knapsack  during  the  afternoon, 
for  which  he  has  the  thanks  of  my  weary  body.  Whole  distance 
marched,  eighteen  miles. 

/J.  Our  column  countermarched  a  mile,  then  started  westerly  on  a 


February,  '65.  |  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  1.  137 

road  leading  to  Wateree  Ferry.  Some  of  our  men  straggled  from  their 
command,  and  several  were  captured,  among  them  John  Vandever, 
78th  Illinois.  Camped  on  the  left,  four  miles  from  Lexington,  having 
marched  eighteen  miles.  The  113th  moved  in  the  advance  to-day, 
and  during  the  afternoon  we  were  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and  ex- 
changed shots  occasionally  with  the  rebel  cavalr^^ 

t6.  Moved  toward  Columbia  at  six  o'clock,  and  halted  for  dinner 
within  three  miles  of  the  city.  Rested  two  hours,  and  then  about- 
faced  and  moved  toward  Lexington,  and  went  into  camp  at  sundown, 
having  marched  fifteen  miles.  We  learn  that  Columbia  is  ours.  I 
am  sick,  and  have  marched  with  difficulty. 

77.  Marched  early.  The  head  of  our  column  reached  the 
Saluda  River  late  yesterday  evening,  and  this  morning  we  are  cross- 
ing at  Hart's  Ferrv  on  a  pontoon  one  hundred  and  thirty  yards  long, 
which  had  been  laid  during  the  night. 

We  are  marching  a  northerly  course  and  in  the  direction  of  Winns- 
borough.  Marched  sixteen  miles,  and  halted  on  the  right  bank  of 
Broad  River,  near  Alston.  The  day  has  been  chilly,  and  a  high  wind 
prevails.  A  great  deal  of  property  has  been  burned  to-day,  including 
two  mills,  numerous  dwellings,  and  a  large  quantity  of  cotton. 

18.  Our  brigade  began  crossing  Broad  River  on  a  flatboat  soon 
after  midnight.  The  78th  Illinois  had  already  crossed,  and  at  3  A.  M. 
the  113th  began  crossing,  sixty  men  going  at  each  trip.  A  pontoon 
is  now  being  put  across,  Init  it  will  not  be  done  for  several  hours.  As 
the  men  are  landed  on  the  left  bank  they  stack  arms  and  prepare 
breakfast.  The  Spartanburg  &  Alston  railroad  runs  parallel  with  the 
river  and  only  a  short  distance  from  it.  This  is  Freshley's  Ferry, 
taking  its  name  from  Joseph  Freshley,  who  owns  a  mill  below  the 
point  where  we  crossed,  and  who  lives  (or  did  live)  on  the  left  bank, 
half  a  mile  or  more  from  the  crossing. 

This  man  is  not  only  a  prominent  citizen  but  a  prominent  rebel. 
One  of  our  men  took  from  the  Freshley  residence  an  account  book, 
which  showed  that  Mr.  Freshley  was  the  receiver  of  supplies  which 
had  been  levied  ui^on  the  inhabitants  in  this  section  of  country  for 
the  sustenance  of  the  rebel  army.  I  presume  that  to  live  in  this  part 
of  South  Carolina  and  not  be  a  rebel  would  be  an  up-hill  business 
and  a  dangerous  experiment. 

Tlic  river  at  this  point  is  two  hundred  yards  wide,  and  the  ponto- 
niers  seem  to  have  more  difficulty  in  putting  a  bridge  across  than  at 
any  other  place,  cxcejit  at  Sisters  Ferry,  on  the  Savannah. 

'5 


I ^S  Every-Uay  SoUiii  Li/f :  [Thnjugh  S.  C. 


The  foragers  have  added  a  three  mule  team  to  their  means  of 
lr;^nsiK)rtation.  With  this  and  the  ux  team  they  manage  to  keep  a 
good  supply  of  the  best  the  country  affords.  The  mule  team  nioves 
rapidly  with  the  advance,  but  the  oxen  arc  held  in  reserve  for  emer- 
gencies. 

Our  entire  brigade  was  ferried  over  by  ten  o'clock.  Companies  K, 
K  and  ('■  were  j)osted  as  pickets.  W  -j  took  a  position  on  a  high  i)luff, 
from  wiiii  h  a  line  view  of  the  country  could  be  had.  The  entire  day 
has  been  occupied  in  crossing  the  river,  and  the  whole  force  will  not 
be  over  before  to-morrow  morning. 

/c;>.  Sunday.  Marched  at  7  A.  M.  in  a  northwesterly  direction. 
After  a  march  of  five  miles,  we  took  a  left  oblique  course  and  marched 
three  miles  to  the  Spartanburg  railroad,  which  we  destroyed  for  some 
distance.  Then,  returning  to  the  main  road,  we  camped  for  the 
night. 

20.  The  march  was  resumed  in  nearly  a  directly  north  course.  The 
Second  Brigade  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  train  of  the  corps.  The 
column  reached  Little  River  and  camped.  Our  brigade  marched 
four  miles,  then,  turning  east  at  a  church,  we  marched  a  mile  fur- 
ther and  camped  for  the  night.  A  hundred  mules  and  horses  were 
killed  this  morning,  they  having  become  used  up  and  worthless. 

21.  At  8  A.  M.  we  moved,  crossing  Little  River  at  Kincaid's 
bridge.  We  marched  on  the  Winnsborough  road  till  withm  four  miles 
of  that  place;  then  we  about-faced,  and,  countermarching  one  mile, 
we  took  the  Chester  C.  H.  road,  and  moved  three  miles  in  that  direc- 
tion;  then,  again  filing  to  the  right,  we  camped,  having  marched 
twelve  miles. 

22.  We  marched  at  early  dawn,  Schellhorn  in  the  lead  discoursing 
plenty  of  good  music.  We  struck  the  Charlotte  «.\:  South  Carolina 
railroad  at  Adger's  Station,  five  miles  from  Winnsborough  and  seventy- 
two  miles  from  Charlotte.  Halted  two  hours  and  again  marched 
north  to  Whiteoak;  then,  turning  east,  we  went  six  miles  further  on 
the  Camden  roiid,  and  went  into  camp,  having  marched  twelve  miles. 
About  noon  we  passed  an  extensive  plantation,  with  the  mansion  on 
the  left.  This  was  on  fire  as  we  passed  out  of  sight.  Ed  Campbell, 
who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  rebels  when  we  withdrew  from  Willis" 
Mills  last  August,  came  to  us  to-day.  Our  camp  is  near  a  church 
and  a  box  spring.     This  is  Fairfield  District  (County.) 

As  we  passed  a  chaise  which  stood  on  a  hillside,  I  hinted  to  a 
comrade  that  it  would  look  well  rolling  down  hill.      Each  of  us  seized 


February,  '65.]  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  139 

a  hub  on  the  upper  side  and  away  it  went  to  the  bottom  of  the  hill. 
Just  then  Captain  Watson  rode  up  to  my  side  and  said  reprovingly, 
"Sergeant  McAdams,  I  did  not  think  that  of  you."  There  was  re- 
proof enough  in  his  tone  and  manner  to  last  me  a  week. 

23.  Morgan's  Division  marched  in  the  rear  of  the  two  other  divi- 
sions. Mitchell's  Brigade  marched  with  the  train,  and  the  113th  en- 
tirely in  the  rear.  It  was  nearly  or  quite  noon  when  we  pulled  out, 
and  when  night  came  on  we  had  moved  but  five  miles.  A  heavy 
rain  was  falling,  and  the  roads  were  next  to  impassable.  Hour  after 
hour  we  plodded  on — moving  and  halting,  cursing,  sulking,  singing, 
moving  and  halting.  Thus  the  whole  night  passed,  and  as  morning 
dawned  we  moped  into  camp,  wet,  hungry  and  disheartened. 

The  bugle  was  sounding  the  reveille  before  the  last  wagon  halted. 
Eighteen  hours  of  toil  and  exposure  had  given  us  an  appetite  for 
breakfast.     We  had  marched  twelve  miles. 

24.  Remained  camped  till  nearly  noon,  and  many  of  us  were  about 
to  lie  down  to  rest  when  the  "general  "  sounded,  and  we  packed  our 
wet  duds  and  again  moved  forward.     It  rains. 

A  march  of  two  miles  brought  us  to  the  Wateree  or  Catawba  River, 
which  we  crossed  on  a  pontoon  of  thirty-three  boats.  The  stream  is 
narrow,  deep  and  swift;  the  banks  are  high,  and  the  recent  rains  had 
softened  the  roads  leading  to  and  from  the  bridge  so  that  it  looked  to 
be  impossible  to  cross  with  teams.  How  glad  I  felt  that  I  happened 
not  to  be  a  mule  or  a  teamster.  This  is  Rocky  Mount  Ferry,  and 
this  pontoon  was  laid  on  the  night  of  the  2 2d.  The  division  camped 
two  miles  further  on,  being  unable  to  go  further  on  account  of  the 
condition  of  the  roads.  Have  marched  nearly  four  miles.  This 
evening  an  insane  soldier  shot  and  killed  George  Workman,  of  Com- 
pany B.  Several  of  the  113th  made  preparations  to  hang  the  man 
for  this  deed,  but  Captain  Kile  appearing  on  the  scene,  ended  the 
scheme.     The  soldier  was  piit  under  a  strong  guard. 

25.  We  do  not  move  to-day.  Fatigue  parties  are  at  work  building 
corduroy  roads  ahead  so  that  we  may  move  on,  but  it  looks  very 
doubtful.  The  waters  in  the  Catawba  are  on  the  rise,  and  the  pon- 
toon breaks  and  washes  away  several  times  a  day.  It  is  stated  that 
Cornwallis  crossed  the  Wateree  at  this  ferry  during  the  Revolution. 

28.  The  column  moved  ahead  to-day,  and,  having  with  great  diffi- 
culty marched  four  miles,  camped.  We  are  in  Kershaw  district,  and 
our  route  to-day  left  Liberty  Hill  to  our  right.  We  have  corduroyed 
the  road  with  rails  and  poles  nearly  the  entire  distance. 


14©  Every-i/ay  Soldier  Life  :    [Cri)ssing  llic  I'ccdcc 


M  ARCH,    1865. 

/.  Marched  twenty  miles  to-day.  At  noon  we  took  dinner  near 
Hanging  Rock,  and  on  the  spot  where  (ienerals  Gates  and  Carleton 
fought  during  the  Revolution.  We  have  crossed  two  streams — Lick 
Creek  and  Hanging  Rock.  The  country  is  rough  and  the  soil  ex<  es- 
sively  poor. 

2.  A  box  of  shoes  was  issued  to  each  regnnent  before  day.  .Marched 
early.  Company  K  was  assigned  to  guard  and  assist  the  wagons  of 
the  brigade  headquarters.  Passed  through  Taxahaw  in  Lancaster 
district,  and  camped  at  Lynch  Creek.  Distance  traveled,  twelve 
miles. 

J.  Marched  twenty-one  miles  and  camped  at  Tompson's  Creek. 
The  bridge  over  this  creek  was  burned  yesterday,  and  the  Second 
Brigade  proceeded  to  build  a  bridge  and  repair  the  roads  so  that  we 
can  proceed. 

4.  Crossed  Tompson's  Creek  and  entered  North  Carolina.  Our 
brigade  is  in  advance,  with  the  113th  in  front.  As  soon  as  we  en- 
tered North  Carolina,  Provost  Marshal  Lewis  placed  a  guard  at  many 
of  the  houses,  and  the  devastating  hand  was  stayed  for  a  time.  Be- 
fore night  we  again  entered  South  Carolina.  Camped  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Great  Peedee  River.  We  began  at  once  to  corduroy  the 
road  close  to  the  river,  and  a  pontoon  will  be  pushed  across  during 
the  night.  Have  marched  thirteen  miles.  To-day  President  Lincoln 
will  be  reinaugurated  at  Washington. 

5.  Sunday.  Lying  at  a  halt  on  the  bank  of  the  (ireat  Peedee. 
The  construction  of  the  pontoon  goes  on  slowly.  The  day  is  fine. 
The  capture  of  Charleston  and  Wilmington  is  reported  in  camjj. 

7.  Yesterday  and  the  day  before  we  remained  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Great  Peedee  waiting  and  expecting  to  cross.  Some  ice  froze 
last  night.  At  noon  the  bugle  call  sounded,  and,  packing  up,  we 
held  ourselves  ready  to  cross.  One  hour  after  another  wore  slowly 
away.  Our  brigade  is  in  the  rear,  and  the  right  companies  of  the 
113th,  A,  F,  D,  I  and  C,  held  the  rear,  and  were  the  last  to  cross.  A 
squad  under  the  command  of  Sergeant  J.  R.  Topping  were  the  last 
of  the  regiment.  The  pontoon  was  then  lifted  and  loaded,  ready  for 
use  at  the  next  crossing,  wherever  that  may  be.  Having  crossed  in 
safety,  the  113th  went  into  camp  within  a  mile  of  the  crossing,  and 
near  the  line  of  Sourh  Carolina  and  North  Carolina. 

This  crossing  is  near  and  below  the  town  of  Sneedsboro,  and  sev- 
eral miles  above  Cheraw,  in  Fairfield  district.  South  Carolina.     The 


March,  '65.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  141 

pontoon  on  which   this  wing  crossed   consisted  of  forty-two  canvas 
boats,  and  was  three  hundred  and  twenty  paces  long. 

8.  The  column  moved  ahead  at  an  early  hour,  but  Mitchell's  Bri- 
gade, being  in  the  rear,  did  not  move  till  8  A.  M.  The  irsth  was 
rear  guard  to  the  entire  column.  We  marched  on  the  Rockingham 
road  till  noon,  entering  the  State  of  North  Carolina  during  the  fore- 
noon. It  rained  nearly  all  day,  and  the  men  suffered  much  from 
fatigue.  At  noon  we  filed  right,  taking  the  Fayetteville  road,  and, 
moving  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  made  a  hard  day's  march  of 
twenty-three  miles. 

g.  The  column  crossed  Love's  Bridge  over  the  Lumber  River 
about  midday.  A  resin  factory  was  burning  on  the  stream  above  the 
bridge,  and,  as  our  column  passed  over,  the  surface  of  the  water  un- 
der cJur  feet  was  ablaze  with  burning  resin  and  turpentine,  presenting 
a  sight  not  easily  forgotten.  As  we  halted  and  made  preparations 
for  supper  it  was  raining  so  hard  that  it  was  next  to  impossible  to 
make  a  fire  in  the  ordinary  way.  Some  of  the  men  struck  on  the 
plan  of  holding  a  blanket  over  the  wood  while  a  fire  was  being 
started  The  project  worked  well.  Just  before  noon  we  reached  the 
plank  road  running  from  Cheraw  to  Fayetteville,  and  for  the  rest  of 
the  day  we  marched  on  this  road,  the  first  one  of  the  kind  many  of 
us  had  ever  seen.     Marched  twenty-three  miles. 

10.  We  marched  very  early.  A  heavy  cannonading  can  be  heard 
on  our  left  since  daylight,  and  at  7  A.  M.  General  Mitchell's  Brigade 
filed  left  and  moved  at  quick  time  in  the  direction  of  the  firing.  We 
reached  the  scene  of  the  fighting  at  the  distance  of  nearly  five  miles 
from  the  plank  road,  and  learned  that  three  divisions  of  Hampton's 
cavalry  had  attacked  the  camp  of  Kilpatrick  at  daylight. 

Our  arrival  was  too  late  to  render  any  assistance,  for  though  Kil- 
patrick had  been  surprised  and  driven  from  his  camp  with  the  loss  of 
his  headquarters,  and  several  of  his  staff  officers  were  taken  prisoner, 
yet  he  rallied  his  men,  charged  the  enemy  in  the  act  of  harnessing 
the  battery  horses  and  plundering  the  camp,  retook  the  artillery  he 
had  lost,  and  finally  forced  them  out  of  camp  with  great  slaughter. 
He  then  established  his  line,  and  held  his  position  for  an  hour  against 
the  frenzied  efforts  of  the  foe  to  retake  it. 

The  Union  losses  were  four  officers  and  fifteen  men  killed,  sixty 
men  wounded,  and  one  hundred  and  three  of  all  ranks  taken  pris- 
oners. 

We  remained  here  three  hours,  viewing  the  bloody  scene  and  talk- 


14^  tivcty-iiay  Soldier  Life :  [At  Fayetteville 

ing  with  the  daring  men  who  had  achieved  a  victory  out  of  the  jaws 
of  a  defeat. 

Our  brigade  then  returned  to  the  plank  road  from  which  we  had 
moved  in  the  morning,  and,  following  in  the  line  of  march,  camped 
with  the  division  fourteen  miles  from  Fayetteville.  The  brigade  has 
marched  sixteen  miles. 

//.  The  brigade  moved  in  the  rear  as  train  guard.  Halted  and 
look  dinner  eight  miles  from  Fayetteville.  Our  dinner  consisted  of 
mush,  meat  and  coffee.  Bradford  and  Stratton,  my  messmates,  dis- 
agreed about  some  culinary  matter  (perhaps  the  thickness  or  thinness 
of  the  mush)  and  a  war  of  words  ensued,  but  when  the  word  reached 
us  that  Fayetteville  was  in  our  hands  harmony  was  restored,  and  the 
two  men,  who  an  hour  before  had  hurled  at  each  other  their  pointed 
javelins  of  anger,  now  scooped  mush  from  the  same  pot,  peacefully. 

We  moved  ahead  and  camped  in  the  suburbs  of  Fayetteville,  our 
cavalry  having  taken  the  place  early  in  the  day  with  but  little  oppo- 
sition. 

Fayetteville  is  on  the  right  bank  of  Cape  "^ear  River,  at  the  head 
of  navigation.  It  is  ninety-five  miles  above  Wilmington  and  one 
hundred  and  thirty  miles  from  the  ocean.  We  have  marched  twelve 
miles. 

12.  Sunday.  it  is  intimated  that  we  may  remain  here  some 
length  of  time.  Procuring  permission,  John  Ganson  and  I  went 
down  into  town  and  visited  places  of  interest.  The  gunboat,  J.  Mc 
B.  Davidson,  arrived  from  Wilmington  to-day,  and  now  lies  in  the 
river.  While  in  town  I  wrote  a  letter  to  my  wife,  and  placed  it  in 
the  hands  of  a  member  of  the  13th  Indiana  Volunteers  of  the  24th 
A.  C.  Returning  to  camp,  we  find  the  113th  ready  to  move.  We 
fell  in,  marched  through  town,  crossed  Cape  Fear  River  on  a  {xjntoon 
one  hundred  and  thirty  steps  in  length,  situated  just  below  the  abut- 
ments of  the  bridge  destroyed  by  the  rebels  yesterday.  Marching  up 
the  river  a  mile,  the  division  camped  for  the  night.  It  was  now  long 
after  dark.     We  have  marched  three  miles. 

13.  Early  this  morning  the  regiment  struck  tents,  and,  moving  up 
the  Cape  Fear  River  three  miles,  went  into  camp  in  order.  The 
troops  rested  and  washed  their  clothing. 

14.  James  O.  Kite  and  I  went  back  into  town  and  spent  part  of 
the  day,  stopping  for  a  while  with  the  family  of  a  Mrs.  Clark.  A 
mail  was  sent  off.  I  procured  several  copies  of  Kelly's  History  of 
North  CaroHna.  Presented  a  copy  to  Captain  Jones,  Captain  Watson 
and  Lieutenant  R.  E.  Robinson. 


March,  '65.]  History  0/  the  iijt/i  O.  V.  I.  143 

i^.  The  command  moved  at  9  A.  M.,  taking  the  plank  road  \x\  the 
direction  of  Raleigh.  A  heavy  rain  fell  during  the  afternoon.  We 
marched  twelve  miles  and  camped  near  a  creek.  Our  advance  has 
had  continual  skirmishing  with  the  enemy  during  the  afternoon. 
Heavy  cannonading  can  be  heard  on  our  right. 

16.  We  moved  forward  at  daylight.  The  roads  are  very  soft  and 
next  to  impassable.  The  Twentieth  Corps  is  in  our  front.  About 
noon  the  troops  of  the  Twentieth  Corps  in  our  front  met  and  engaged 
a  force  of  the  enemy  posted  behind  works  with  well  posted  artillery 
enfilading  the  approach  across  a  cleared  field.  Our  division  was 
hurried  forward,  and  was  soon  in  position  on  the  left  of  the  road, 
well  towards  Cape  Fear  River.  Companies  H  and  E  were  put  on 
the  skirmish  line  in  front  of  the  113th.  The  whole  line  advanced 
late  in  the  afternoon,  driving  the  enemy's  skinnishers  back,  back, 
back,  till  their  works  were  in  sight  of  our  skirmishers.  The  skir- 
mishers of  our  regiment  grew  short  of  ammunition,  and  a  supply  of 
cartridges  was  brought  up.  Lieutenant  McCrea  gave  them  to  me, 
and  instructed  me  to  distribute  them  to  the  rest  of  the  line.  This  I 
did  by  running  from  tree  to  tree  and  handing  them  to  the  men  as 
they  stood  concealed  in  the  woods. 

When  night  came  on  Companies  K  and  B  took  the  skirmish  line, 
relieving  H  and.  E,  and  these  returned  to  the  main  line.  I  took  a 
thin  supper  on  corn  coffee,  eating  the  grounds  for  dessert.  During 
the  night  the  enemy  withdrew.  This  will  be  known  as  the  battle  of 
Averysboro.  Our  entire  loss  in  this  action  was  twelve  officers  and 
sixty-five  men  killed  and  four  hundred  and  seventy-seven  wounded. 
The  losses  were  mainly  of  the  Twentieth  Corps.  We  have  marched 
twelve  miles. 

17.  Our  brigade  being  a  train  guard  to-day,  did  not  move  till  after 
twelve  o'clock.  We  then  pulled  out  and  dragged  our  slow  length 
along,  wading  swamps  and  floundering  through  mud  of  unmeasure- 
able  depth.  Crossed  Black  River  by  wading  and  walking  logs.  We 
crossed  other  streams  not  deserving  a  name.  I  cannot  understand 
what  such  a  country  was  made  for.  We  reached  our  camping  place 
late  in  the  night,  having  marched  ten  miles.  We  are  on  the  Golds- 
boro  road. 

t8.  Morgan's  Division  is  in  the  advance  of  the  column.  We  started 
early  and  moved  without  oi)position  till  noon,  when  a  force  of  the 
enemy  disputed  our  right  of  way.  A  skirmish  line  was  deployed, 
and  behind  it  was  formed  a  line  of  battle,  the  whole  moving  forward 


144  Evii y-itiiy  Solilici   Lijc  :   [Huttlc  of  BciUunvillc 


grandly.  The  line  of  the  113th  encountered  a  tall  paling  fence, 
which,  as  we  struck  it,  fell  llat  to  the  ground,  aiid  the  line  moved 
ahead  as  steadily  as  if  on  drill.  The  enemy  gave  way,  and  our  col- 
umn halted  to  burn  a  few  rails  and  stay  over  night.  We  are  twenty- 
eight  miles  from  Goldshoro,  and  have  marched  ten  miles. 

/(p.  The  column  moved  with  Carlin's  Division  of  the  Kourteenth 
Corps  in  the  advance.  At  the  end  of  a  few  miles  he  met  and  began 
to  exchange  shots  with  the  enemy.  The  enemy  struck  his  advance 
guard  at  an  advantage,  and  it  soon  became  api)arent  that  he  had  met 
the  foe  in  force. 

I'.ATTLE  OF   HKNTONVILl.E 

The  firing  of  the  skirmishers  grew  fiercer  and  more  earnest.  Now 
the  roar  of  the  cannon  sounds  through  the  woods,  and  the  roar  of 
musketry  begins  to  tell  a  story  of  force  confronting  force.  Our  col- 
umn was  steadily  marching  in  the  direction  of  the  conflict.  Presently 
a  courier  is  seen  galloj^ing  toward  and  meeting  our  column.  Halting 
a  moment  with  each  regimental  commander,  he  delivers  his  message: 
"(ieneral  Davis  instructs  that  you  come  forward  as  rapidly  as  jx)s- 
sible  without  fatiguing  the  men." 

The  men  were  soon  on  a  doul)le-([uick,  and  after  twenty  minutes 
rapid  marching  we  |)assed  (ieneral  Davis  and  staft' on  the  side  of  the 
road,  on  iheir  horses,  looking  anxious  and  peering  in  the  direction  of 
the  contending  forces.  Presently  we  filed  right  into  the  woods,  and, 
going  some  distance  ahead,  fronted  in  line.  A  skirmish  line  was 
formed,  and  we  were  soon  pressing  the  skirmishers  of  the  enemy 
backward  toward  his  main  line.  On  the  left,  in  Carlin's  front,  the 
contest  was  thickening  e\  ery  moment,  but  in  Morgan's  front  the  work 
had  not  yet  begun.  Finally,  when  the  enemy's  skirmishers  would 
drive  no  further,  our  men  began  building  works.  Camp  hatchets  and 
a  few  axes  were  all  the  implements  at  hand,  but  these  flew  as  if  life 
and  death  depended  on  the  diligence  with  which  they  were  used. 
Providentially,  or  luckily,  the  enemy  seemed  to  wait  on  our  move- 
ments, as  if  unwilling  to  meet  us  until  we  were  ready  to  meet  him. 
At  the  end  of  forty  minutes  we  were  nearly  ready.  We  would  have 
been  nearer  ready  if  we  had  had  twenty  minutes  more  time.  Logs, 
stumps,  limbs,  aud  everything  that  could  be  found,  had  been  piled 
in  our  front  to  protect  us  from  the  enemy's  attack.  All  at  once  our 
skirmish  line  came  bounding  over  our  works,  telling  us  to  be  ready, 
for  they  were  coming  close  in  their  rear. 


March,  '65.!  History  oj  t/u  iijth  O.   1.  I.  145 

Every  man  of  us  dropped  to  our  knees  in  two  ranks,  and  made 
ready  for  the  contest.  The  woods  in  our  immediate  front  were  thick 
with  brush,  and  the  advancing  foe  came  within  short  range  of  our 
guns  l)efore  we  could  see  his  line.  Then  we  opened  upon  him  such 
a  fire  as  carried  destruction  and  death  with  it,  and  before  which  a 
man  might  not  hope  to  advance  and  live.  This  was  kept  up  for  a 
long  while,  the  men  in  the  rear  rank  loading  the  guns  and  those  in 
the  front  rank  firing.  Mike  Huddleston,  my  rear  rank  man,  shouted 
in  m\  ear  after  we  had  been  engaged  for  some  time  :  "  My  God, 
Mack,  these  guns  of  ours  are  getting  too  hot;  we  had  better  rest." 
But  the  work  went  on  until  it  became  known  that  the  rebel  line  had 
retired.  .\s  we  ceased  firing  we  listened  to  ascertain  the  situation 
elsewhere.  The  roar  of  cannon  on  our  left  told  the  story  too  plainly 
that  Carhns  Division  was  being  driven  l)ack  and  badly  pun- 
ished. But  we  had  all  we  could  do  to  care  for  our  part  of  the 
line.  During  a  lull  in  the  firing  Captain  Watson  came  along,  telling 
me  to  go  to  the  front  with  two  men  and  gather  ammunition  off  the 
rebel  dead.  Taking  Isaac  Cireen  and  John  Ganson,  I  proceeded  into 
the  woods. Icoming  upon  some  of  the  dead  and  wounded  within  a  few- 
rods  of  our  works.  We  performed  the  duty  assigned  to  us  in  a  rapid 
manner  and  with  some  success.  1  came  upon  a  wounded  rebel  who 
was  fatailv  wounded.  He  cried  out :  "'  Is  there  no  help  for  the 
widows  son  ?  "  1  told  him  he  was  beyond  help,  and  that  I  had  no 
time  to  give  to  his  wants,  but  that,  as  he  had  no  further  use  for  the 
cartridges  in  his  box  nor  for  the  Yankee  knapsack  on  his  back,  I 
would  relieve  him  of  both,  which  1  did.  We  were  then  driven  back 
into  our  works  by  the  enemy's  skirmishers,  and  the  conflict  was  again 
renewed  by  the  foe.  Again  we  welcomed  tliem  by  a  fire  more  fatal, 
if  possible,  than  the  first.  Hardly  had  this  attack  terminated  in  the- 
repulse  of  our  assailants  when  a  force  of  the  enemy  broke  through 
our  line  beyond  the  left  of  Mitchell's  Brigade,  and,  swinging  round, 
appeared  in  our  rear.  Kor  a  moment  we  were  confused,  not  knowing 
whether  they  were  friends  or  foes,  and  the  enemy  seemed  equally 
l)uzzled  at  the  situation.  Then,  (limbing  over  our  works  and  chang- 
ing front  to  rear,  we  delivered  into  their  ranks  a  raking  fire,  which 
drove  tliem  back  within  range  of  Vandeveer's  Brigade,  where  they 
were  made  jn'isoners.  Recrossing  our  works,  we  again  met  the  foe 
in  our  original  front.  Thus  the  day  passed  away,  every  moment 
fraught  with  incidents  which  can  neither  be  recounted  nor  numbered. 

Night    came    on    and    active    operations    ceased.       Many    of    the 

16 


14^)  Every-iiiiy  Si>li/tti    Li/r  :   [  Hattlc  (if  licntoiivillc 


wounded  of  the  foe  lay  near  our  works,  and  all  night  their  cries  and 
ajjpeals  for  help  rang  in  our  ears,  robbing  us  of  sleep.  About  ten 
o'clock  Cai)tain  Jones  was  approached  by  a  soldier  from  our  rear,  who 
inipiired  of  him  if  he  was  in  command  of  this  regiment.  He  was 
answered  affirmatively.  He  then  delivered  a  message  to  Captain 
Jones,  instructing  him  to  join  up  in  a  certain  movement,  whicli 
created  some  suspicion  in  the  Captain's  mind,  and,  scrutinizing  him 
closely,  the  Captain  saw  in  his  man  a  rebel.  Turning  to  me,  the 
Captain  said:  "Sergeant  McAdams.  take  charge  of  this  man;  he  is 
in  the  wrong  place."  1  took  the  man's  eijuipment,  and  placed  him 
under  guard.  This  convinced  us  that  that  part  of  the  enemy's  line 
which  had  l)roken  through  ours  at  an  early  hour  in  the  forenoon  wj-, 
completely  cut  off  from  the  main  body. 

Late  in  the  night  I  made  an  effort,  at  the  request  of  Captain  Jones, 
to  bring  in  and  care  for  a  wounded  rebel  in  our  front.  He  was 
making  piteous  appeals  for  assistance,  and  his  cries  had  awakened 
sympathy,  even  in  the  hearts  of  his  enemies.  1  made  my  way  to  the 
line  of  pickets,  told  them  the  object  of  my  visit,  but  could  not  \)xc- 
vail  on  them  to  let  me  pass  out. 

Thus  every  feeling  of  enmity  gives  way  to  pity,  and  the  liand 
which  was  uplifted  to  slay  an  hour  ago,  is  now  ready  to  do  deeds  of 
mercy  to  the  fallen  foe.  Near  midnight,  when  all  seemed  hushed 
and  no  enemy  seemed  to  threaten  our  line,  we  sought  out  the  knolls 
and  high  places  in  the  swamp  through  which  our  line  ran.  and. 
spreading  our  beds  thereon,  lay  down  to  rest,  keeping  our  equipments 
on  and  our  arms  within  reach,  leady  for  a  renewal  of  the  conflict. 

We  were  ignorant  of  the  situation,  and  knew  not  whether  the  left 
had  been  overwhelmed  and  destroyed  or  had  rallied  and  held  its 
own  ;  but  we  knew  that  in  our  front  the  enemy  had  fallen  by  the 
hundreds,  and  that  our  men  were  rii)e  and  read)  for  more  of  the 
same  sort.  We  had  had  no  dinner  and  no  sujji^er,  Init  no  man  gave 
that  matter  a  moment's  thought. 

20.  This  morning  there  is  no  renewal  of  the  hgiit.  (Jur  two  divis- 
ions which  were  guarding  the  wagon  train  yesterday,  and  which  were 
not  engaged,  are  now  up,  and  our  position  is  impregnable. 

At  noon  we  advanced  and  occupied  the  works  of  the  enemy  in  our 
front,  changing  them  so  as  to  serve  our  purpose  in  case  of  an  attack. 

Johnson's  army,  which  was  on  the  offensive  yesterday,  is  now  on 
the  defensive,  with  Mill  Creek  in  his  rear. 

The  losses  in  our  armv  vesterdav  is  nine  officers  and   one  hundred 


March,  '65.  J  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  1.  147 

and  forty-five  men  killed,  fifty-one  officers  and  eight  hundred  and 
sixteen  men  wounded,  and  three  officers  and  two  hundred  and 
twenty-three  men  taken  prisoners  ;  total,  twelve  hundred  and  forty- 
seven.  We  took  sixteen  hundred  and  twenty-five  prisoners,  and 
buried  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven  of  the  Confederate  dead. 

21.  Skirmishing  has  been  brisk  all  along  the  line  to-day.  Toward 
evening  fighting  began  in  the  direction  of  the  enemy's  rear,  and  we 
are  led  to  think  that  General  Howard  is  feeling  them  in  the  right 
place  to  suit  us. 

22.  The  enemy  fell  back  last  night  in  the  direction  of  Smithfield, 
leaving  his  pickets,  his  dead  and  wounded,  and  his  hospitals  in  our 
hands.  This  morning  the  road  to  Goldsboro  is  open,  and  we  go  for- 
ward. Advancing  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  Goldsboro  road,  our 
brigade  stacked  arms  and  remained  several  hours. 

At  1  P.  M.  we  moved  toward  Goldsboro,  and  late  in  the  evening 
went  into  camp,  with  brigade  headquarters  near  the  Neuse  River, 
having  marched  eight  miles.  A  strong  wind  is  driving  the  sand  into 
our  eyes  and  making  things  disagreeable,  generally. 

23.  The  First  Division  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps  took  the  advance. 
Morgan's  Division  followed  at  10  A.  M.,  crossing  the  Neuse  River  at 
Cox's  Bridge. 

Reaching  Goldsboro  at  sundown,  we  entered  and  passed  through 
the  town  with  banners  floating  proudly,  and  with  Schellhorn  in  ad- 
vance playing  the  music  of  the  Union.  Went  into  camp  a  mile 
north  of  town,  far  from  wood  and — rails.  We  have  marched  twelve 
miles. 

24.  Our  camp  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  if  General  Sherman  wills 
it  we  are  willing  to  stay  for  some  time.  The  day  is  fine,  and  so  is 
the  sand  that  blows  into  our  mess  kettles  and  fills  our  eyes. 

Goldsboro  has  been  a  town  of  some  business,  with  a  population  of 
two  thousand  five  hundred.  It  is  fifty  miles  from  Raleigh  and  sixty- 
five  from  Newbern.  The  camp  was  staked  off,  and  our  tents  were 
arranged  in  proper  order.  This  may  mean  that  we  are  to  remain 
here  some  considerable  time.  Many  of  the  men  are  writing  letters, 
telling  the  folks  at  home  the  story  of  our  adventures,  battles,  marches 
and  successes.     The  half  will  never  be  told. 

25.  There  is  not  much  restraint  in  Camp  to-day,  and  many  of  our 
men  are  scouting  about  town  increasing  the  list  of  adventures  which 
they  may  live  to  relate  to  their  grandchildren. 

26.  Sunday. 

"  (Ioo(i  ne\v>  from  home;   good  news  foi-  mc 
Has  come  across  the  dark,  blue  sea." 


14'^  FA'ery-i/ti\  Soil/ill  Li/f  :     |  Al  CloldNboro,  N.  ( ". 


A  large  mail  was  liislribiiled  to  us  to-day  at  noon.  Thank  you, 
Postmaster  Hostwick  ;  tliank  you,  Uncle  Sam.  We  sliall  sjiend  the 
remainder  ot  the  daN  reading  letters  and  papers  We  can  endure 
short  rations  of  bread,  meat  and  coffee,  but  when  the  mail  fails  us 
we  are  desix)ndent  and  unhapi)y.  Wish  the  i)eople  at  home  could 
understand  this. 

28.  Have  suffered  some  with  rheumatism  to-day,  the  first  time  I 
have  ever  made  the  acquaintance  of  that  disease.  Vesterday  and 
to-day  have  been  dull  da\  s  in  camp.  We  have  begun  work  on  papers 
and  reports. 

JO.  Yesterday  I  made  application  for  a  furlough  for  twenty  days. 
The  idea  strujk  me  that  1  ought  to  go  home  and  rusticate  a  few  days, 
drink  fresh  buttermilk,  and  fatten  up  a  little.  My  modest  request 
was  based  on  long  and  faithful  service,  with  a  sprinkling  of  rheuma- 
tism. 

Captain  R.  I).  Stinson,  A.  I.  Ci.,  Second  Division,  14th  A.  C,  con- 
demned some  camp  and  garrison  ecjuipage  for  the  113th  to-day.  1 
noticed  one  thing  that  escaped  the  attention  of  the  officer.  The  same 
articles  did  duty  in  several  companies,  and  were  repeatedly  con- 
demned by  the  vigilant  Inspector.  Such  stupidity  is  pardonable  in 
an  officer,  but  an  enlisted  man  who  would  do  the  like  ought  to  be 
punished. 

31.  A  member  of  the  Twelfth  New  York  Cavalry  was  executed 
near  our  camp  to-day  by  shooting.  He  had  been  found  guilty  of  an 
outrageous  crime  on  the  person  of  an  old  woman  somewhere  of  late. 
Many  of  our  men  went  to  witness  the  e.xecution,  but  I  jireferred  not 
to  go;  1  have  seen  more  shooting  than  I  en  re  about.  Am  working 
on  the  company  pay  rolls. 

Green,  who  witnessed  the  execution  to-day,  describes  it  as  follows: 

"A  large  field  was  selected  for  the  purpose.  A  brigade  of  armed 
men,  with  fixed  bayonets,  formed  three  sides  of  a  scjuare,  with  an 
open  grave  near  the  center.  I'he  prisoner  approached  following  his 
coffin,  which  was  carried  by  four  men.  The  ranks  were  opened  to  a 
distance  of  fifteen  paces,  the  front  rank  coming  to  an  about  face. 
Between  these  ranks  the  doomed  man  was  marched  under  a  strong 
guard.  He  was  conducted  to  the  grave,  and  the  two  chai)lains  who 
accompanied  him  knelt,  and  one  of  them  offered  prayer,  after  which 
the  prisoner's  hands  were  tied  behind  him  and  his  eyes  bandaged. 
Then  he  knelt  beside  his  coffin,  and  twelve  of  the  guard  fired  at  him 
at  a  distance  of  twelve  paces.  He  fell  forward  on  his  face,  dead.  I 
do  not  desire  to  witness  another  scene  like  this." 


April,  '65. J  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V\  j.  149 


APRIL,    1865. 

r.  Captain  Jones,  commanding  the  regiment,  approved  my  appli- 
cation for  furlough  ;  it  passed  on,  and  received  the  approval  of  Gen- 
eral Mitchell. 

This  is  a  fine  day,  and  spring  is  upon  us  in  all  its  verdure  and 
beauty.  Look  backward,  and  see  what  has  transpired  with  us  since 
we  lay  at  Rossville.  The  retrospect  is  so  full  of  achievements,  bat- 
tles, deeds  and  distances,  that  it  seems  alniost  like  a  visit  to  dream- 
land. It  is  estimated  that  since  the  taking  of  Atlanta  we  have  trav- 
eled thirteen  hundred  and  thirty  miles,  and  every  mile  has  been  a 
page  of  history.  We  hear  it  rumored  that  Richmond  has  been  evac- 
uated by  the  Confederates. 

2.  Sunday.  We  have  regimental  inspection.  Captain  Jones 
started  home  on  furlough.  Though  it  is  the  Sabbath,  we  have 
worked  diligently  on  our  company  papers  all  day. 

6.  A  dispatch  has  been  received  by  General  Sherman  announcing 
the  fall  of  Richmond.  It  is  a  fact  this  time.  Our  brigade  was 
massed  while  General  Mitchell  read  the  dispatch,  and  then  followed 
such  cheering  as  seldom  vib'-ates  on  mortal  ears.  The  men  are  in  a 
state  of  excitement  bordering  on  insanity. 

The  dullest  kind  of  monotony  has  prevailed  in  camp  for  days  past, 
but  this  grand  news  breaks  in  on  us  as  a  light  in  a  dark  place. 

g.  Sunday.  The  wildest  excitement  still  prevails  over  the  news 
from  the  Potomac,  and  we  are  expecting  to  move  on  Johnson  in  con- 
sequence of  what  has  occurred  in  and  about  Richmond.  Companies 
H  and  E  and  part  of  K  went  on  picket  yesterday,  and  returned  to 
camp  this  morning.  My  application  for  a  furlough  has  returned  dis- 
approved by  division  and  corps  commanders.  I  have  concluded  to 
stay  a  while,  but  when  I  get  a  command  I  intend  that  every  enlisted 
man  shall  have  a  perpetual  furlough. 

Sergeant  Ward  and  1  visited  Goldsboro.  Jenkins  and  Reeder,  who 
have  been  absent  at  hospital,  joined  Company  E  to-day.  Some  re- 
cruits for  the  other  companies  came  in. 

An  organized  raid  was  made  on  our  sutler,  Nick  White,  in  which 
he  suffered  the  loss  of  his  principal  stock  of  goods.  We  are  under 
orders  to  move  to-mornjw.  We  have  been  at  this  place  seventeen 
days. 

10.  Before  it  was  fairly  light  we  svere  moving  toward  Smithfield. 
The  Second  Brigade  headed  the  column,  with  io8th  O.  V.  I.  in  ad- 
vance.    At  the  distance  of  three  miles   from  camp  we  were  met   by 


t^o  Kvfry-Uay  Sohiift   Lijc  :      [Leaving  (iuldsboro 

the  enemy,  and  skirmish  firing  began  in  real  earnest.  The  io8lh 
Ohio  de|jloyed  and  drove  tlie  rebels  for  two  miles.  Here  he  showed 
some  determination  to  stand,  and  artillery  was  used  on  both  sides. 
.A  spirited  fire  ensued,  resulting  in  killing  John  Bensell,  (Company  .\, 
of  the  I  13th. 

The  enemy  finally  gave  way,  and  we  again  moved  ahead  by  the 
right  of  companies  to  the  front.  The  enemy  continues  his  skirmish- 
ing, and  Captain  Frantz  Fleischman,  Company  H,  io8th  Ohio,  was 
killed.  At  noon  Companies  A,  F,  D  and  I  of  the  113th  took  the 
front  line  of  march,  and  the  remaining  six  companies  were  in  reserve. 
Moving  on  a  mile  further,  he  again  brought  us  to  a  halt,  using  artil- 
lery freely.  The  advance  companies  pressed  the  foe  sharply,  and 
the  reserve  lay  on  their  faces  awaiting  the  development  of  events. 
At  length  he  gave  way,  and  left  us  in  possession  of  his  position. 
This  occurred  at  Holt's  Mill,  near  Boonhill,  Johnston  county,  and 
thirteen  miles  from  Goldsboro.     Camped  for  the  night. 

//.  Our  column  resumed  the  march  in  the  direction  of  Smithfield, 
the  Third  Division  being  in  advance.  The  enemy  showed  less  re- 
sistance than  yesterday,  but  he  was  constantly  in  our  front.  We 
arrived  at  Smithfield  at  4  P.  M.,  where  we  encamped,  having  marched 
twelve  miles.  Smithfield  is  the  county  seat  of  Johnston  county,  and  is 
twenty-six  miles  southeast  of  Raleigh.  Our  advance  drove  a  force  of  the 
enemy's  cavalry  out  of  town  this  forenoon.  They  burned  the  l)ridge 
that  crossed  the  Neuse  River  as  they  retreated. 

12.  .Early  this  morning  we  received  the  news  of  Lee's  surrender  to 
General  Grant  at  Appomattox,  Virginia,  on  the  ninth  instant.  This 
news  was  received  by  the  soldiers  with  great  joy,  which  was  vented 
in  deafening  and  prolonged  cheers,  The  end  certainly  approaches. 
Marching  in  the  rear,  we  did  not  move  till  after  noon  ;  crossed  the 
Neuse  River  on  a  pontoon,  and,  marching  twelve  miles,  camped  close 
to  Clayton,  a  station  fourteen  miles  from  Raleigh.  Here  Governor 
Vance,  Ex-Ciovernor  Graham,  and  other  worthies,  met  General  Sher- 
man and  surrendered  the  city  to  him.  The  conqueror  guaranteed 
protection  to  private  property. 

/J.  Marched  at  6  A.  M.,  passing  through  Clayton,  and  pursued 
our  way  in  the  direction  of  Raleigh.  At  noon  we  took  dinner  within 
four  miles  of  the  city,  and,  moving  ahead,  we  passed  through  the 
capital  on  review,  marched  beyond  the  city  limits,  and  camped  for 
the  night,  having  marched  sixteen  miles.  We  are  favorably  impressed 
with  the  beauty  of  Raleigh,  and  agree  that  it  is  a  place  of  more 
beauty  than  we  have  seen  elsewhere  in  the  Confederacy. 


April,  '65. J  History  oj  the  1 1  jth  O.  V.  I.  151 

14.  A  foraging  party  was  organized  this  morning,  consisting  of 
twenty  men  and  a  commissioned  officer.  Lieutenant  McCrea  has 
command. 

The  column  moved  westward  in  pursuit  of  Johnston's  army.  For 
eight  miles  our  way  lay  along  a  railroad  running  west  from  Raleigh. 
Then,  filing  left  at  a  new  depot,  we  traversed  an  obscure  road  run- 
ning a  snaky  course  through  a  woody  district.  Marched  eighteen 
miles,  and  at  4  P.  M.  camped  near  the  railroad  in  the  woods.  The 
foragers  brought  in  plenty  of  bacon  and  meal. 

15.  Marched  at  5  A.  M.  A  tremendous  rain  fell  during  the  fore- 
noon, making  the  marching  very  disagreeable.  We  are  aiming  for  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  and  on  the  Lockville  road.  At  noon  we  found  our- 
selves on  the  wrong  road ;  then,  countermarching  a  mile,  we  took  a 
south-southeast  direction,  marched  till  3  P.  M.,  when  we  halted  and 
camped  at  Avon's  Ferry,  on  Cape  Fear  River.  We  have  marched 
eighteen  miles.     Foragers  brought  flour,  meal,  meat  and  poultry. 

16.  Sunday.  We  continue  at  Avon's  Feny,  waiting  the  arrival  and 
the  laying  of  a  pontoon  across  the  river.  Morgan's  Division  is  the 
only  force  at  this  place.  The  genial  s[)ring-time  has  clothed  every 
tree  and  shrub  in  a  robe  of  green. 

Something  is  being  said  in  camp  about  Johnston's  surrender  to  Gen- 
eral Sherman,  but  we  cannot  get  the  straight  of  it.  Sergeant  Flowers 
made  our  mess  an  evening  call,  and  we  had  the  usual  evening  con- 
cert. The  foragers  captured  two  more  horses  to-day,  and  now  the 
majority  of  them  are  mounted. 

ij .  Still  lying  at  Avon's  Ferry.  It  is  now  reported  as  a  fact  that, 
on  the  fourteenth  instant,  (general  Johnston  communicated  by  flag  of 
truce  with  General  Sherman,  requesting  an  armistice  and  a  statement 
of  the  best  terms  under  which  Sherman  would  allow  him  to  surrender 
his  command.  This  is  about  all  we  can  learn  of  the  matter,  except 
that  active  operations  are  suspended  in  both  armies.  We  hope  this 
is  the  beginning  of  the  end. 

The  morning  we  left  Raleigh,  Cisco  and  Ray  organized  an  inde- 
pendent party  of  two,  and  went  on  a  raid.  Cisco  has  returned,  but 
Ray  got  taken  in  out  of  the  wet. 

Some  days  ago  S.  E.  Bailey,  Company  B,  came  in  after  an  absence 
of  two  days  and  nights,  clad  in  North  Carolina  jeans  and  a  white 
shirt.  He  had  lost  his  bearings  while  foraging,  liul  came  in  with  a 
full  load  of  supplies  for  himself  and  comrades 

r8.      We  still   remain   at   Avon's   Ferry.     We    learn   that   the  com- 


152  Evti  y-ihi\  SolJui   Liji  .  \\\  A  son's  Kerry 


inandcrs  of  the  two  armies  had  a  personal  interview  at  noon  yester- 
day at  Durham's  Station,  and  that  they  meet  again  t(j-day  to  arrange 
terms  of  surrender.  With  this  glorious  news  we  can  afford  to  endure 
the  monotony  of  camp.  Orders  have  been  issued  prohibiting  for- 
aging except  for  feed  for  the  animals. 

The  news  came  to-day  that  President  Lincoln  had  been  assassi- 
nated, and  thi-  s.id  affair  was  made  |nii)li(:  l)y  the  following  order: 

••  Hi:.\i)<,iiJ.\K  iKKs  .VIii.riAKV   Division  <ik  thk  iMississiPpi.  ( 
In  thk  KiK.i.D,   Rai.kigh,  Ahrii.   17,  1865.  1 

••  I'hi-  (iciuial  (.uniinandiiij.;  ami(iiiiKx-,s,  with  pain  and  sorrow,  that,  im  the  even- 
ing of  the  14th  iiKstaiit,  at  tlic  tlieater  in  Washington  City,  his  Excellency,  the 
President  of  the  I'nitcd  Slates,  Mr.  Lincoln,  was  assassinated  by  one  who  uttered 
the  State  motto  of  Virginia.  At  the  same  time  the  Secretary  of  Stale,  Mr.  Sew- 
ard, whilst  suflerin}^  from  a  bro.^en  arm,  was  also  stabbed  by  another  murderer 
in  his  own  house,  but  still  survives,  and    his  son  was  wounded,  su])|)osed   fatally. 

"It  is  believed,  by  persons  capable  of  judging,  that  other  high  officers  were 
designed  to  share  the  same  fate.  ihus  it  seems  that  our  enemy,  despairing  of 
meeting  us  in  manly  warfare,  begin  to  resort  to  the  assassin's  tools.  Your  Gen- 
eral does  not  wish  you  to  infer  that  this  is  universal,  for  he  knows  that  the  great 
mass  of  the  '  onfederate  army  would  scorn  to  sanction  such  acts,  but  he  believes 
it  the  legitimate  conse(|uences  of  rebellion  against  rightful  authority.  Wc  have 
met  every  phase  which  this  war  has  a.ssumed,  and  must  now  be  prepared  for  it  in 
its  last  and  worst  shape — that  of  assassins  and  guerrillas  :  but  woe  unto  the  peo- 
]ile  who  seek  to  e.xpciid  their  wild  passions  in  sucii  a  manner,  for  there  is  but 
one  dread  result.  Ky  order  of 

.Ma.IOK    (iKNIiRAl.    W       r.    SHKKMAN. 

1..  M.  Dayton, 

Major  aihi  Assistant  Adjutant  General.^' 

I 

This  sad  announcement  creates  a  feeling  of  indescribable  gloom 
in  all  our  hearts,  and  the  feeling  is  entertained  that,  if  we  again  move 
against  the  enemy,  the  \vorst  deeds  of  the  past  will  be  humane  in 
comparison  with  what  will  follow.  Every  heart  is  sad,  all  heads  are 
bowed  in  mourning,  and  every  mind  is  filled  with  thoughts  of  the 
awful  crime. 

20.  The  dullness  of  camp  life,  and  the  anxiety  to  learn  the  result 
of  the  conference  now  pending  bet\veen  the  commanders  of  the  two 
armies,  bear  heavily  on  our  minds,  and  we  think  and  talk  of  little 
else  than  the  prospect  of  a  speedy  return  to  peace  and  our  homes. 

Sergeant  Horton,  Company  F,  Ports,  Company  I),  and  Flowers, 
Company  C,  visited  our  tent  this  evejiing,  and  we  made  it  mutually 
pleasant.     We  expect  to  move  from  here  to-morrow. 


April, '65-1  History  oj  the  113th  O.   V.  I.  153 

21.  We  broke  camp  at  Avon's  Ferr)^  at  five  o'clock  this  morning, 
and  are  now  camped  at  Holly  Spring  in  Wake  county,  fourteen  miles 
from  our  former  camp.  This  is  a  small  village  of  two  stores  and  a 
ver}^  few  houses.     No  news  from  the  conference. 

24.  We  have  been  occupied  for  a  day  or  two  with  ordinary  camp 
duties.  The  men  are  excessively  restless  under  the  suspense  of  the 
past  few  days.  We  want  to  know  the  best  or  the  worst,  soon. 
Earnest  Snyder,  who  was  captured  by  the  enemy  at  Saunderville, 
Ga.,01-1  the  30th  of  last  November,  joined  Company  E  to-day.  Chas. 
Stewart,  a  recruit,  came  to  the  company,  also. 

25.  We  have  orders  to  be  ready  to  move  to-morrow.  It  is  now- 
understood  that  the  terms  of  surrender  agreed  upon  between  Gener- 
als Sherman  and  Johnston  have  been  disapproved  by  the  authorities 
at  Washington,  and  that  Sherman  will  assume  the  offensive  at  noon 
to-morrow. 

Later :     The  order  to  move  has  been  countermanded. 

26.  The  company  officers  are  at  work  on  rolls,  papers  and  reports, 
and  I  have  been  occupied  in  this  way  for  a  day  or  two  past.  Late 
this  evening  a  rumor  prevailed  that  Johnston  had  surrendered.  We 
shall  hear  more  about  it  to-morrow,  perhaps. 

2-j.  All  remains  quiet.  Late  in  the  evening  a  dispatch  was  re- 
ceived confirming  the  rumor  that  Johnston  had  surrendered  on  the 
terms  accorded  to  General  Lee  by  General  (rrant.  Good  enough. 
Our  suspense  is  at  an  end  and  the  war  is  closed. 

2c?.  Last  night  heavy  firing  was  heard  to  the  northwest,  and  we 
were  unable  to  account  for  it,  and  therefore  felt  some'  uneasiness. 
This  morning  we  learn  that  it  was  a  jubilee  in  one  of  our  camps,  the 
soldiers  giving  vent  to  their  joy  by  firing  off  a  few  hundred  dollars' 
worth  of  ammunition.  In  the  language  of  old  Casper: 
"Things  like  this,  you  know,  must  be, 
After  a  famous  victory." 

All  necessary  plans  are  l)eing  perfected  looking  to  the  sending  of  our 
army  to  Washington,  from  whence  the  commands  will  be  distributed 
to  their  respective  states. 

No.  66  Special  Field  Order  was  read  to  the  different  conmiands, 
giving  the  plan  and  order  of  march. 

IIOMKW.ARl)  HOUND. 
2g.  Our  division  marched  from  Holly  Springs  at  five  o'clock  A.M., 
going  in  the  direction  of  Raleigh,  but  bearing  to  the  left  we  camped 
at  Morrisville,  after  a  march  of  twelve  miles.      The  weather  is  fine 
17 


r54  Evti  y-JiiyStil,/ii  I    I.iji  :  |()n  lo  Ric  liiiioiui 


and  we  have  marched  rapidly.  Stratton,  Huddlcston  and  I  went  to 
a  creek  near  camp  and  washed.  We  are  fifteen  miles  nearly  west  of 
Raleigh. 

JO.  Sunda).  We  do  not  move.  The  companies  were  mustered 
for  pay  at  one  1'.  M.  Brigade  drill  was  had  in  the  afternoon,  it  is 
a  busy  day — and  Sunday  at  that. 


MAN',  I  S65. 

/.  The  connnand  left  Morris\ille  at  five  o'clock  this  morning, 
marching  in  the  direction  of  Richmond,  Va.  Crossed  the  Neuse 
river  at  2:30  F.  M.,  and  marching  twenty-two  miles  camped  on  the 
right  of  the  road. 

2.  Marched  early.  Passed  through  Oxford,  the  county-seat  of 
Clranville  county,  N.  C.  This  is  a  fine  looking  place  and  the  ladies 
who  appeared  at  the  doors  and  balconies  to  witness  our  marching, 
were  well-dressed  and  had  an  intelligent  look,  but  they  made  no 
demonstrations  of  joy  on  account  of  our  i)resence,  a  circumstance 
which  did  not  destroy  our  a|)i)L'tites.  Went  into  camp  at  Fishing 
Creek,  having  marched  twenty-one  miles.  Kile  and  I  scouted  in  the 
evening  and  procured  biscuits  and  onions. 

j>.  Marched  at  5  A.  M..in  the  direction  of  Richmond.  Crossed 
Tar  river,  and  crossing  the  state  line  into  Virginia,  went  into 
camp  near  the  Roanoke  river,  having  marched  twenty-two  miles. 
The  Fourteenth  and  Twentieth  Corps  hindered  each  other's  progress 
during  the  day  by  marching  on  the  same  road. 

Crossed  the  Roanoke  at.  day-break  at  Taylor's  !•  err)  on  a  pon- 
toon 240  steps  in  length,  passed  through  Boydton,  the  shire  town 
of  Mecklenburg  county,  Va.  The  country  shows  little  signs  of  the 
effects  of  the  war.  Wheat  is  in  head.  Went  into  camj)  at  Meherrin 
river,  near  a  mill.     It  begins  to  rain. 

5.  Marched  at  5  A.  M.  in  a  brisk  rain,  accompanied  with  thunder. 
The  rain  laid  the  dust  and  made  the  marching  easier.  Passed 
through  Weston,  the  county  seat  of  Lewis  county.  Crossed  the 
Little  Nottoway  river  at  "the  falls"  and  encamped  four  miles  from 
Nottoway  C.  H.,  having  marched  twents-four  miles.  A  fine  spring 
near  camp  supplied  us  with  good  water. 

6.  Resuming  the  march  at  an  early  hour  we  reached  Nottoway  C. 
H.  at  8  A.  M.     Here  the  sick  and  disabled  were  put  on  board  the 


May,  '65.]  History  of  the  iijt/i  O.  t'\  1.  155 

cars  and  sent  on  to  Petersburg.  Halted  at  the  end  of  seventeen 
miles  and  took  dinner  near  a  small  stream  on  our  right.  Pursued 
our  march  till  l^te  in  the  evening,  and  having  marched  thirty-two 
miles,  went  into  camp  at  Good's  Bridge,  on  the  Appomattox.  The 
day  has  been  warm  and  hundreds  of  the  men,  unable  to  keep  up  with 
the  column,  fell  out,  and  taking  their  own  time  came  into  camp  late  in 
the  night.  Many  are  cursing  the  officers,  some  are  cursing  their  sore 
feet,  while  a  very  few  grin  and  bear  it  good-humoredly.  I  have 
been  fortunate  in  having  a  pair  of  good  legs,  and  1  make  it  a  rule  to 
stack  arms  with  the  few  who  hold  out  to  the  end.  But  there  is  room 
for  complaint,  there  being  no  necessity  for  marching  us  more  than 
twenty  miles  a  day.  The  order  of  march  says:  "  These  columns 
will  be  conducted  slowly  and  in  the  best  of  order,  and  aim  to  be  at 
Richmond,  ready  to  resume  the  march,  by  the  middle  of  May." 

7.  Sunday.  If  1  could  have  had  my  wishes  gratified  we  would 
have  made  this  a  day  of  rest;  but  marching  at  an  early  hour  we 
crossed  the  Appomattox  and  moved  on  toward  Richmond.  Crossing 
Swift  creek  about  noon  we  took  dinner  on  the  left  upon  a  hill  near  a 
clear  stream.  Stratton  had  captured  some  green  onions  and  our 
mess  had  sumptuous  fare.  Pursuing  our  way  we  camped  for  the 
night  within  five  miles  of  Richmond,  having  marched  twenty-five 
miles.  Nearly  half  the  men  are  exhausted  and  lie  scattered  along 
the  road  for  miles  in  the  rear.  It  takes  muscle  and  pluck  to  march 
twenty-five  miles  on  a  day  like  this,  carrying  a  heavy  knapsack  and 
other  accoutrements.     Rations  were  issued  this  evening. 

II.  We  have  been  resting  three  days  in  camp  five  miles  from 
Richmond.  They  have  been  three  dull  days,  barren  of  incident  or 
accident. 

At  7  A.  M.  we  marched  toward  Richmond  ;  passed  through  Man- 
chester, crossed  the  James  river  and  then  entered  the  city,  the  late 
Confederate  capital.  We  left  Castle  Thunder  and  Libby  Prison  on 
our  right;  passed  up  Seventeenth  street  to  Main;  up  Main  to  Thir- 
teenth; up  Thirteenth  to  Capitol  street;  through  Capitol  to  Grace; 
up  Grace  to  Adams,  and  thence  to  Brooke  avenue.  Large  crowds  of 
citizens  crowded  the  sidewalks  to  witness  the  movements  of  our 
column.  We  passed  out  of  the  city  northward  tovvard  Hanover  C. 
H.,  and  after  a  tiresome  march  crossed  the  Chickahominy  river  and 
camped  in  the  vicinity  of  Fair  Oaks  battle  ground.  The  weather 
has  been  warm,  and  I  am  suffering  from  a  pain  in  my  head.  Dis- 
tance marched,  twenty  miles. 


156  Every-day  SoUier  Life  :      [On  to  Washington 

12.  Rcsled  till  noon;  ihcii  moving  ahead  \vc  hailed  tor  a  lime  near 
Hanover,  C.  H.  'I'his  is  the  i)lace  where  Patrick  Henry  made  his 
innnortal  addresses  during  tiie  infancy  of  our  Republic.  1  am  led  to 
remark  that  great  orators  are  seldom  great  fighters,  f(jr  although  tlie 
great  statesman  above-named  uttered  sentiments  that  i|uickeneil  the 
life  of  the  nation,  he  neglected  to  go  to  the  field  and  share  in  the 
fighting.  Now  when  the  nrxf  war  comes  I  want  to  enlist  as  a  sutler 
or  chaplain  ;  failing  in  this  1  shall  imitate  Patrick  Henry  by  staying 
at  home  and  making  speeches. 

Passing  on  northward  our  column  crossed  the  Pamunky  river  on  a 
pontoon,  and  then  abandoning  the  road,  we  marched  across  the 
country  for  some  distance,  camping  in  an  open  field.  A  board  fence 
near  our  camp  disappeared  and  set  our  coffee  pots  to  boiling  nicely. 
We  have  become  so  accustomed  to  building  fires  of  rails  and  boards 
that  we  don't  think  of  looking  for  other  fuel.  Drew  rations  for  three 
days;  then  leveling  off  the  furrows  we  spread  thereon  our  virtuous 
couches  and  slept  the  sleep  of  innocence.     Marched  ten  miles. 

ij.  Marched  early,  passing  into  Caroline  county.  Camped  on  the 
right  of  road  after  a  march  of  eighteen  miles.  During  the  afternoon 
we  passed  the  headcpiarters  of  the  army  of  Georgia  and  got  another 
sight  of  our  great  leader,  W.  T.  Sherman.  We  passed  Chesterfield 
Station,  and  our  camp  is  on  the  road  to  Spotsylvania,  C.  H.  road. 
Chaplain  Morris  preached  in  a  church  near  camp  in  the  evening. 

14.  Sunday.  We  are  on  our  way  at  7  A.  M.,  making 
ten  miles  before  dinner.  In  the  afternoon  we  passed  New  Hope 
church  and  entering  Spotsylvania  county  camped  in  a  pine  forest 
with  an  undergrowth  of  cedar.     Distance  marched,  twenty  miles. 

75.  Resumed  the  march;  passing  through  a  fine  country  we 
passed  the  Rapidan  at  Raccoon  Ford.  This  stream  is  about  a  hun- 
dred yards  wide  here  and  nearly  three  feet  deep.  We  crossed  by 
wading,  and  then  moving  ahead  we  went  into  camp  in  a  pasture  of 
tame  grass.  Here  we  received  three  days'  rations,  and  Company  H 
had  a  small  pugilistic  encounter  between  two  of  its  members.  This 
section  has  been  the  center  of  many  scenes  of  the  war,  and  little 
remains  but  naked  fields  where  once  was  thrift  and  domestic  comfort. 
Here  and  there  a  solitary  family  remains,  as  if  to  defy  the  ravages  of 
grim-visaged  war  to  drive  them  from  the  sacred  soil.  Marched 
eighteen  miles. 

16.  We  marched  as  usual.  We  are  now  about  sixty  miles  from 
Ale.xandria.     At  noon  we  crossed  the   Rappahannock,  taking  dinner 


May,  '65.]  History  of  the  Tijth  O.  V.  I.  157 

on  the  left  bank.  Moved  ahead  for  eight  miles,  and  camped  at  a 
small  stream  called  Elk  Creek  or  Devil's  Run.  Have  been  marching 
through  a  splendid  country,  with  only  an  occasional  inhabitant. 
Think  we  are  in  Stafford  county,  and  about  sixteen  miles  from  War- 
renton.  We  are  twenty  miles  closer  to  Alexander  than  we  were  this 
morning. 

I'J.  At  5  A.  M.  our  column  was  moving  ahead,  and  by  noon  had 
marched  eighteen  miles.  We  struck  the  Orange  &  .Alexandria  rail- 
road at  Cattlett's  Station,  and  waded  Cedar  Run  and  Broad  Run. 
Took  dinner  near  a  small  creek,  where  the  brigade  rested  more  than 
an  hour.  During  the  afternoon  we  passed  Manasses  Junction,  and 
viewed  the  works  erected  here  early  in  the  history  of  the  war  by 
our  armies  and  our  enemies.  #These  are  already  Aist  crumbling  to 
decay,  and  will  soon  be  lost  to  sight. 

At  5  P.  M.  we  reached  the  vicinity  of  the  historic  field  of  Bull 
Run,  and  waded  the  stream,  which  at  this  place  is  forty  yards  wide 
and  nearly  three  feet  deep.  VVe  camped  on  the  left  of  the  stream 
and  on  the  right  of  the  road.      Have  marched  twenty-five  miles. 

18.  Left  our  camp  on  the  bank  of  Bull  Run  at  5  A.  M.  At  the 
distance  of  four  miles  we  reached  Centerville,  where  we  struck  the 
Alexandria  and  Warrenton  turnpike,  (the  first  pike  we  had  seen  in 
marching  nearly  two  thousand  miles)  passed  through  Fairfax  C.  H., 
and  at  noon  halted  and  camped  near  a  creek,  nine  miles  from  Alex- 
andria.    Drew  rations.     Distance  marched,  fourteen  miles. 

ig.  At  eight  o'clock  we  fell  in  line,  and  marched  on  the  Fairfax 
pike  as  far  as  Hunting  Creek.  Waded  the  creek,  and,  abandoning  all 
roads,  we  crossed  the  fields  in  a  left  oblique  direction  and  went  into 
camp  near  Fort  Ward,  two  miles  from  Alexandria.  Have  marched 
seven  miles,  and,  for  the  present,  our  tramp  is  ended.  It  is  seven- 
teen days  since  we  left  Holly  Spring. 

2j.  For  several  days  past  we  have  been  quietly  camped  near  Fort 
Ward,  with  nothing  transpiring  of  moment.  New  clothing  has  been 
issued,  and  we  are  preparing  for  the  Grand  Review,  which  takes 
place  to-morrow  in  Washington.  Many  of  us  have  never  seen  the 
Capital  of  the  United  States,  and  we  anticipate  having  an  enjoyable 
time. 

TIIK  (IRAND   REVIEW. 

24.  Made  preparations  to  march  to  Washington  to  join  in  the  review 
of  the  armies  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia.  Our  division,  the  Second, 
marched  in  rear  of  the  Third    Division.      Reaching   the    Potomac  at 


158  Bvery-day  Soliiic)   Li/c  :  [At  W'ashiiiglon 

noon,  we  crossed  the  I-ong  Bridge  into  the  city  and  i)articii)ated  in 
the  j:;reat  event.  Being  a  stranger  in  the  city,  and  occupying  a  place 
in  llie  ranks,  is  the  hest  apolog}  which  can  l)e  made  for  my  inability 
to  describe  the  grand  jjageant. 

For  miles  there  was  a  surging,  admiring  multitude  filling  the  side- 
walks, windows,  balconies,  and  every  conceivable  spot  from  which  a 
view  of  our  column  could  be  had.  There  was  waving  of  handker- 
chiefs by  fair  hands  and  cheers  from  husky  voices,  together  with  flags, 
mottoes,  emblems  and  decorations,  whicli  no  one  can  dest;ribe  with 
tongue  or  pen. 

Ciarlands,  wreaths,  festoons  and  evergreens  added  beauty  and  bril- 
liancy to  the  scene.  There  was  little  or  no  effort  on  our  part  to  make 
a  display.  Commanding  officers  seemed  to  take  pride  in  having  the 
men  appear  in  their  every-day  attitude  of  marching  or  fighting.  The 
forager  was  on  hand,  with  his  pack  mule  loaded  down  with  bacon, 
forage  and  poultry;  the  pioneers  carried  spades,  hatchets  and  shovels, 
and  the  artillery  men  trundled  their  heavy  guns,  that  had  done  duty 
in  swamp  and  morass,  mountain  and  valley.  The  tattered  banners 
told  of  conflicts  on  distant  battle  fields,  and  the  decimated  ranks  of 
the  infantry  companies  told  how  nobly  some  had  fought  and  how 
bravely  they  had  fallen.  This  sad  thought  was  tempered  with  the 
reflection  that  the  toils  of  the  living  were  at  an  end ;  and  though 
many  had  died  of  disease,  or  on  the  field  of  battle,  their  death  and 
sacrifices  had  brought  peace  to  the  land  from  one  end  to  the  other. 

Passing  through  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  we  marched  to  Georgetown, 
recrossed  the  Potomac,  and  occupied  the  camp  from  which  we  moved 
in  the  forenoon.  Every  man  has  his  story  to  tell  of  how  the  review 
went  off,  but  all  admit  that  the  half  can  not  be  told.  I  find  it  as 
much  of  a  task  to  describe  a  grand  review  as  a  great  battle.  I  have 
attempted  both  and  failed. 

25.  Remained  camped  till  noon,  when  we  struck  tents,  marched  to 
the  Potomac,  crossed  on  the  Long  Bridge,  passed  through  Washing- 
ton, and  encamped  two  and  one-half  miles  north  of  the  city,  near 
Fort  Slemmer  and  the  Soldiers'  Home.  This  is  about  eight  miles 
from  our  former  camp. 

26.  A  rainy,  disagreeable  day.  Lieutenant  A.  M.  Grafton,  who 
has  been  on  detached  duty  and  absent  from  the  regiment,  joined  us 
to-day.    The  rain  keeps  us  in  our  tents  and  creates  a  spirit  of  unrest. 

27.  A  pair  of  chickens  roosting  in  the  neighborhood  were  brought 
in  and  cared  for  by  Craig  and  Snyder.     Though  the  war  is  at  an  end. 


June,  '65. J  History  0/  llic  itjlh  O.  F.  I.  159 

it  does  not  destroy  our  weakness  for  chicken  pot-pie.  We  have  been 
for  so  long  accustomed  to  appropriating  what  comes  within  our  reach 
that  is  fit  to  eat  that  we  find  it  difficult  to  (luit  our  old  tricks.  Then, 
chickens  ought  to  know  better  tlian  to  roost  near  the  camp  of  an 
Ohio  regiment. 

2p.  With  better  weather  we  are  enjoying  ourselves  better  than 
heretofore. 

Captain  Kile,  Lieutenant  McCrea,  myself  and  others  visited  the 
city,  and  spent  the  day  in  viewing  the  pulilic  buildings  and  places  of 
interest.  Every  place  is  crowded  with  soldiers,  all  busy  seeing  the 
sights.  ^Ve  soldiers  seem  to  feel  an  increased  interest  in  the  Capital 
of  the  Nation. 

A  short  distance  from  our  camp  is  a  National  cemetery,  in  which 
are  interred  several  thousand  of  our  gallant  dead.  The  inclosure  is 
divided  into  sections  by  streets  and  avenues.  The  grave  of  each 
soldier  is  marked  by  his  name,  command,  and  date  of  death.  It  is  a 
beautiful  place  and  kept  in  the  very  best  condition.  In  the  western 
part  of  the  grounds  stands  a  beautiful  little  chapel,  over  the  door  of 
which  is  this  inscription  : 

"On    fame's  eternal   camping  gixmnd 
Their  silent   lents  are  spread; 
And  glory  guards  with  solemn   round 
The  bivouac  of  the  ilead." 

3 T.  Since  we  occupied  this  camp  there  has  been  less  elTort  to  con- 
struct ([uarters  than  in  our  previous  camps.  The  men  are  led  to  be- 
lieve that  our  stay  here  will  be  brief,  and  they  are  content  with  simply 
pitching  llieir  shelter  tents,  as  has  been  our  custom  when  halted  for 
the  night. 

The  ustuil  busy  lime  of  preparing  reports,  rolls,  statements  and 
accounts,  lias  begun  at  the  several  company  heiidijuarters,  and  this 
work  will  go  on  from  day  to  day  until  everything  is  brought  tip  to 
date. 


JUNK,    1865. 

/.  Tile  day  has  been  partially  observed  as  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer.  Religious  services  were  held  in  some  parts  of  camp, 
but  the  men  })ay  very  little  attention  to  those  matters.  They  are  too 
anxious  about   getting   home  to  think   of  anything   besides.     At  the 


l6o  Evcry-ihty  Solilin   J.ijt  :  [At  W  a^hinglon 

fort  east  of  our  camp  a  soldier  of  the  garrison  was  heinj;;  punished  by 
beinj^  made  to  carry  a  log  of  wood  back  and  forth  before  an  officer's 
tent.  Some  of  our  regiment  went  over  in  a  l)ody,  and  rebeved  the 
man  from  duty  by  bringing  the  log  into  camp  with  tliem,  cautioning 
the  officers  not  to  attempt  to  inflict  such  a  ])unishment  on  a  man 
while  we  remain  near  them.  .Major  Sulli\  ant  is  with  us,  but  resigned 
a  day  or  two  ago.  Lieutenant  C"olonel  Warner  is  here  also,  and  is 
looking  reasonably  well.  'I'his  is  the  lirst  we  have  seen  of  him  since 
he  lost  his  arm  at  Kenesaw.  When  we  met  to-day,  he  exclaimed  : 
"  M)-  (lod,  Sergeant,  are  you  yet  alive  .'  I  saw  you  last  where  I  suj)- 
l)osed  no  man  could  stay  and  live,  and,  as  I  had  never  heard  of  you 
since,  1  supposed  you  were  slaughtered  at  Kenesaw."  He  then  told 
me  that  while  the  fight  was  going  on  at  Kenesaw  he  saw  me  exposed 
to  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  and,  fearing  that  I  would  be  killed,  he 
motioned  to  me  to  lie  down,  and  while  doing  so  his  right  arm  was 
struck  and  shattered. 

Many  civilians  from  the  city  of  Washington  visit  our  camp  daily. 
They  seem  to  look  upon  the  men  of  Sherman's  army  as  being  of  a 
peculiar  species,  and  they  watch  us  in  our  camp  customs  with  as 
much  interest  as  tliough  they  had  never  seen  a  soldier.  They  know 
something  of  our  rough-and-tumble  record,  especially  that  of  the 
past  twelve  months,  and  this  accounts  for  their  interest  in  us.  The 
women  who  come  into  camp  to  peddle  pies  and  other  delicacies,  bring 
whisky  in  small  bottles  and  sell  to  the  men  on  the  sly.  They  secrete 
the  whisky  l)ottles  under  their  skirts  near  the  waist,  and,  when  a  sol- 
dier wants  to  purchase  a  flask  of  the  "  ardent,"  the  peddler  takes 
momentary  refuge  in  the  tent  of  the  l)uyer,  and  then,  fishing  out  the 
bottle,  the  trade  is  consummated  in  a  moment,  and  the  enterprising 
seller  moves  on. 

J.  The  98th  ().  V.  1.  started  home  yesterday.  We  have  been 
brigaded  with  them  so  long  that  they  seemed  like  brothers  to  us.  'IMie 
I  13th  occupied  their  camp  after  they  had  departed. 

I  si)ent  part  of  the  day  in  Washington,  but  saw  more  than  an\  one 
can  tell,  (leneral  (ieorge  H.  Thomas  reviewed  his  old  corps,  the 
Fourteenth,  late  this  evening.  We  had  not  seen  the  old  hero  since 
the  fatal  day  of  Kenesaw.  A  short  time  after  dark  a  meeting  was 
called  to  nominate  a  delegate  to  attend  the  approaching  State  Repub- 
lican Convention,  at  Columbus.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Warner  was 
chosen  by  acclamation,  after  which  speeches  were  made  by  [.  ('. 
Doty,  Company  K,  and  John  F.  Chapman,  Company  A. 


June,  '65.1  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  161 

The  Sanitary-  Commission  issued  pickles,  onions,  canned  tomatoes 
and  lemons  to  us  to-day.  I  stepped  into  General  Mitchell's  tent  to- 
day, and  lying  on  the  desk  was  the  photograph  of  an  infant.  On  the 
bottom  margin  was  written  :  "  Half  is  mine  and  half  is  thine."  This 
is  the  portrait  of  the  General's  first  baby,  a  girl,  and  he  is  very  proud 
of  it.     Who  wouldn't  be  ?  \ 

4.  Sunday.  An  order  has  been  issued  allowing  furloughs  to  five 
per  cent,  of  each  regiment.  I  prepared  an  application  for  furlough 
for  twenty  days,  having  learned  of  the  dangerous  illness  of  my 
youngest  sister.  Religious  services  were  held  in  camp  in  the  fore- 
noon, afternoon  and  evening.  Secretary  Seward  passed  through  camp 
this  afternoon,  but  did  not  stay  for  supper.  He  rolled  past  in  a  grand 
carnage,  and  did  nor  attract  the  attention  that  a  Major  General  would 
have  done.     Fame  is  an  empty  bubble,  anyhow. 

5.  In  company  with  John  O'Leary,  Jeremiah  Bair,  D.  R.  Taylor, 
Michael  Huddleston,  John  Wilson  and  others,  I  made  a  visit  to 
Washington.  We  spent  some  time  in  the  Post  Office,  Patent  Office, 
Smithsonian  Institute,  and  other  places  of  interest.  Captain  Joseph 
Swisher  has  tendered  his  resignation. 

6.  My  application  for  a  furlough  returned  to-day  disapproved. 
It  passed  up  approved  till  it  reached  General  H.  W.  Slocum  at  corps 
headquarters,  where  it  was  disapproved.  This  explanatory  statement 
is  endorsed  upon  it : 

"This  man  having  been  mustered  into  service  August  15th,  1862,  will  be  dis- 
charged in  a  few  days." 

8.  The  men  of  the  1 13th  chafe  and  fret  because  they  see  other 
regiments"  of  the  troops  of  1862  starting  for  the  states  where  they 
belong,  preparatory  to  being  mustered  out  and  discharged.  It  requires 
a  great  exercise  of  patience  not  to  feel  that  we  are  being  overlooked 
and  neglected.  Our  company  officers  now  have  all  their  back  papers 
completed,  and  are  ready  to  begin  the  final  rolls.  Several  Ohio  reg- 
iments started  west  to-day.  The  old  reliable  78th  Illinois  left  for 
their  homes  to-day.  (iod  bless  their  brave  souls;  they  have  done 
honor  to  their  State  on  many  well  fought  fields.  Two  posts  of  the 
Sanitary  Commission  are  located  near  our  camp,  and  to-day  we  re- 
ceived from  them  a  good  supply  of  pickles  and  lemons  ;  also  a  few 
shirts. 

The  Sixth  Corps  was  reviewed  in  the  city  to-day.  Many  of  our 
officers  were  present,  and  reported  an  enjoyable  time. 

10.  The  resignation  of  Captain  Swisher  gives  opportunity  for  the 

promotion  of  Lieutenant  McCrea  to  Captain.    Few  officers  have  such 
18 


|62  Kvcry-ilay  Soliiiti    LiJ<  :  [(  )ii  lo  1  ,(juiN\  illc 


a  record  for  faithfulness  as  he.  He  has  won  the  esteem  of  all  willi 
whom  he  has  associated,  and  now  that  he  is  promoted  we  all  seem  to 
share  in  his  good  fortune.  Captain  Watson  is  promoted  to  Major. 
He  has  never  been  found  wanting,  though  he  has  been  often  tried. 
1  will  be  sorry  to  separate  from  many  of  these  brave  and  good  men. 

//.  Sunday.  The  io8th  O.  V.  I.  and  the  121st  O.  V.  I.  started 
for  Ohio  this  morning.  The\  have  both  done  good  service  for  their 
country.  It  is  like  parting  wiiii  u..e's  family  to  see  the  regiments  of 
the  old  St'coHii  Brigade  pallmg  out.  The  34th  Illinois  is  still  with 
us,  but  we  shall  soon  part  from  them  also. 

General  Mitchell  left  for  home  yesterday.  Our  brigade  now  con- 
sists of  the  35th  Indiana  Volunteers,  22d  Indiana  Volunteers,  34th 
Illinois  Volunteers,  and  the  113th  O.  V.  1. 

The  brigade  is  commanded  by  Colonel  Burton.  We  have  some 
hopes  of  leaving  Washington  to-morrow.  Chaplam  Morris  preached 
to  us  at  three  this  afternoon. 

HOMEWARD    BOUND. 

12.  The  113th  remained  in  camp  during  the  forenoon,  waiting 
orders  and  expecting  every  minute  to  march.  The  order  came  at  \  i 
A.  M..  The  men  cheered  a  cheery  cheer,  down  came  the  tents,  and 
all  was  soon  packed  and  ready.  At  12:30  we  marched  toward  the 
city,  and  halted  near  the  gas  works  preparatory  to  embarking  on  the 
cars.  Here  we  remained  waiting,  waiting,  waiting,  until  our  patience 
was  well  nigh  exhausted.  The  sun  beamed  down  upon  us  with  an 
almost  blistering  heal,  rendering  our  halt  on  the  avenue  very  uncom- 
fortable. Finally  we  boarded  a  train  and  began  moving  but  of  the 
city.  Before  the  train  got  out  of  Washington  a  coupling  broke,  and 
the  front  part  of  the  train  went  on,  leaving  several  cars  and  their 
loads  in  the  city.  The  men  piled  out  and  spent  the  time  in  the  city 
till  near  midnight,  when  the  engine  returned,  and,  coupling  on  to  the 
remaining  part  of  the  train,  pulled  ahead  and  joined  the  other  part. 
Thirty-five  men  to  a  car  gave  plenty  of  room.  Of  course  restless 
soldiers  would  prefer  riding  on  the  outside  rather  than  the  inside. 
We  left  Washington  with  pleasure;  there  is  no  place  on  earth  but 
home  where  we  would  be  satisfied  to  stay  now. 

13.  Our  train  reached  the  Relay  House,  nine  miles  from  Baltimore, 
some  time  in  the  night.  Here  we  took  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  road 
for  Harper's  Ferry,  which  place  we  reached  about  11  A.  M.  to-day. 
At  four  this  afternoon  we  reached  Cumberland,  Maryland,  where  we 
are  to  remain  till  midnight.     We  have  passed  through  cities,  villages 


June,  '65.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  163 

and  stations;  climbed  mountains,  crossed  gorges,  ravines,  rivers  and 
valleys,  each  possessing  some  item  of  interest ;  but  the  thought 
which  most  absorbed  our  minds  is  the  thought  of  being  soon  at  home, 
freed  from  military  restraints  and  permitted  to  go  out  and  come  in  at 
will. 

During  last  night  a  member  of  Company  B  fell  from  the  train,  and 
was  probably  killed 

Note. — The  following  letter,  found  in  the  office  of  the  Adjutant 
General  of  Ohio,  gives  farther  information  in  this  case  : 

Headquarters  Third  Maryland  Battalion,  Vet.  Vols  ,  ") 
Laural  Station,  Maryland, /«w  14//^,  1865.      ( 

To  His  Excellency,  the  Governor  of  Ohio  : 

Your  Excellency  : — I  have  the  honor  respectfully  to  report  to  you  the  fol- 
lowing : 

About  12  M.,  on  the  13th  instant,  a  train  passed  the  station  above  this,  called 
White  Oak  Bottom,  when  a  soldier  fell  from  one  of  the  cars,  who  died  at  .six 
o'clock  and  thirty  minutes  the  same  morning.  He  was  buried  with  proper  cere 
monies  by  me  near  the  Station  His  name  seems  to  be  Alexander  Henry,  Com 
pany  B,  113th  Ohio  Volunteers,  residing  in  Mechanicsburg.  Ohio.  From  the  loss 
of  blood  he  was  very  weak  whin  he  gave  us  his  name,  and  it  remains  doubtful 
if  this  is  his  full  name  and  address.  From  a  letter  found  on  his  person,  signed 
by  a  lady  who  calls  herself  "Teets''and  his  sister,  he  lost  two  brothers  in 
the  war 

I  take  the  liberty  to  communicate  this  sad  news  to  your  Excellency,  in  order 
that  his  family  may  obtain  the  information.  His  regiment  was  probably  on  the 
same  train  and  on  its  way  home 

Your  Excellency  will  greatly  oblige  me  by  a  few  lines  informing  me  of  his 
correct  name,  when  I  will  see  that  a  proper  head-board  is  placed  on  his  grave, 
I  am,  very  respectfully, 

Your  Excellency's  obedient  servant, 

Arthur  O.  Brickman, 
Chaplain  3^/  Md.   Vet.  Vol.  Infantry,  30'  Brigade,  1st  Division,  <)th  A.  C. 

14.  Our  train  left  Cumberland  near  midnight,  and  this  morning 
found  us  at  Piedmont,  thirty-eight  miles  from  Cumberland.  Here 
we  began  to  ascend  the  Alleghanies,  reaching  the  top  at  two  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon.  Then  for  nearly  twenty  miles  we  ran  on  a  level 
country,  reaching  Cranberry  Summit,  where  our  train  was  divided 
into  four  sections,  with  a  locomotive  to  each.  For  four  hours  we 
descended  a  heavy  grade,  the  scenery  being  of  the  wildest  and  most 
romantic  character  we  have  ever  beheld.  Reaching  Crafton  at  six 
o'clock  we  took  supper  and  were  again  moving  on. 


164  Every-i/ay  Soil/if)  Li/c  :  [On  lo  I-ouisville 

/J.  We  ran  through  Clarksburg  at  dusk  last  evening  and  this  morn- 
ing at  sun  up  \vc  arrived  at  Parkersburg.  Disembarking  from  the 
train,  on  which  we  had  spent  three  nights  and  two  days,  we  boarded 
the  steamer  KUa  Faber.  During  last  night  we  traveled  one  hundred 
and  four  miles,  the  distance  from  (irafton  to  I'arkersburg.  The 
whole  distance  from  Washington  is  very  nearly  five  hundred  miles. 
We  are  done  with  our  weary  car  ride  and  will  now  have  a  change  for 
something  better,  an  Ohio  river  steamer. 

About  the  middle  of  the  afternoon  our  bark  backed  out  from  the 
landing,  and  heading  down  stream  moved  for  Louisville,  our  destina- 
tion. As  we  pass  Blannerhassett  Island  we  recall  the  days  of  child- 
hood, the  school  house,  the  old  reader  from  which  we  first  read  of 
Aaron  Burr  and  Harman  Blannerhassett.  How  unreined  ambition 
sometimes  supplants  every  nobler  feeling  of  our  nature,  turns  our 
heaven  to  hell  and  leaves  us  full  of  disappointment  and  sorrow. 

On  our  right  are  the  grand,  green  hills  of  our  native  Ohio.  The 
trees  sway  to  and  fro  and  seem  to  offer  us  a  welcome  to  the  land  we 
love  the  best.  How  the  sight  ejuickens  our  pulses  and  how  we  long 
to  stand  on  her  shores  and  with  the  poet  sing  the  language  of  our 

hap[)y  hearts  : 

"  I  m  with  you  once  again,  my  friends, 

No  more  my  footsteps  roam  ; 
Where  it  began  my  journey  ends, 

Amid  the  scenes  of  home 
No  other  clime  has  sl<ies  so  blue, 

Nor  streams  so  broad  and  clear, 
And  where  are  hearts  so  warm  and  true 

As  those  that  meet  me  here?" 

"Since  last,  with  spirits  wild  and  free, 

I  pressed  my  native  strand, 
I've  wandered  many  miles  at  sea, 

And  many  miles  on  land  ; 
I've  seen  fair  regions  of  the  earth. 

With  rude  commotion  torn, 
Which  taught  me  how  to  prize  the  worth 

Of  that  where  I  was  born." 

"  My  native  land!   I  turn  to  you, 

With  blessing  and  with  prayer, 
Where  man  is  brave  and  woman  true, 

And  free  as  mountain  air. 
Long  may  our  flag  in  triumph  wave 

Against  the  world  combined, 
And  friends  a  welcome — foes  a  grave 

Within  her  l)nrdfrs  find." 


June,  '65.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  J.  165 

16.  Our  boat  ran  cautiously  during  the  night,  and  this  morning  we 
halted  at  Gallipolis  on  the  Ohio  shore  to  let  some  one  off.  Reached 
Cincinnati  at  one  o'clock  in  the  night  and  after  a  halt  of  thirty  min- 
utes we  again  moved  on.  The  day  has  been  pleasant  and  the  people 
of  the  towns  and  cities  through  which  we  have  passed  have  greeted 
us  with  shouts  of  welcome,  waving  of  hats  and  handkerchiefs  and 
with  other  demonstrations  of  joy.  At  Portsmouth,  Gallipolis,  Ripley 
and  Maysville  salutes  were  fired  as  we  passed.  Many  of  our  men 
are  hoarse  from  continued  shouting  in  answer  to  the  greetings  from 
the  shore. 

ly.  At  Louisville,  Ky.  Our  trip  down  the  Ohio  ended  at  four 
o'clock  this  evening.  It  has  been  a  very  pleasant  one  to  most  of  us, 
for  we  felt  that  every  revolution  of  the  wheels  of  the  boat  brought 
us  that  much  nearer  the  end.  Schellhorn's  band  enlivened  the  trip 
with  good  music,  and  the  constantly  changing  scenery  on  either  hand 
combined  to  make  the  time  pass  pleasantly.  The  distance  from 
Washington  to  Louisville  is  850  miles. 

Disembarking  from  the  Ella  Faber  the  113th  marched  through 
Louisville  and  went  into  cam]:,  late  in  the  evening  on  the  "Owl 
Creek  Farm,"  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fair  grounds,  and  four  miles  from 
the  city.  Our  passage  through  Louisville  did  not  elicit  a  bit  of 
enthusiasm  from  the  citizens.  This  was  in  cool  contrast  with  the 
joyous  greetings  we  have  been  receiving  since  we  left  Washington. 
But,  then,  Louisville  is  in  Kentucky. 

18.  Sunday.  The  weather  is  hot,  but  a  shower  to-day  gave  some 
relief.  The  113th  re-pitched  its  tents,  going  to  a  more  desirable  spot 
half  a  mile  distant.  The  three  other  regiments  of  our  brigade  are 
camped  near  us. 

ig.  Camp  is  very  quiet.  The  men  begin  to  talk  about  getting  paid 
and  are  planning  what  they  will  do  with  their  wages.  Wages  are 
due  us  for  ten  months,  and  when  we  are  paid  it  will  pile  up  amaz- 
ingly. Many  soldiers  fare  as  well  without  money  as  with  it,  some 
do  much  better;  but  for  myself,  I  like  to  have  a  little  on  hand  for 
emergencies. 

20.  We  have  struck  and  pitched  tents  only  twice  to-day,  and  the 
site  we  now  occupy  is  in  dispute.  This  is  a  big  country  and  there  is 
certainly  room  for  each  of  us  to  spread  our  dog  tent  where  it  will  not 
interfere  with  some  one  else.  The  officers  who  were  recently  pro- 
moted were  mustered  to-day. 

21.  The  troops  of  other  commands  have  been  paid  off  and  the 
men  are  buying  new  clothes  of  the  civilian  pattern. 


1 66  Every-day  SoliHcr  Life :  [At  Louisville 

Government  brogans  are  being  laid  aside,  the  slouch  hat  has  been 
abandoned,  and  a  new  watch  and  chain  adorns  each  lad  you  meet. 
The  faro-banker  is  doing  a  live  business  and  the  chuckalucker  is  full 
of  business  in  many  places.  Some  of  these  discharged  men  will  have 
only  the  clothes  on  their  backs  to  show  for  their  wages  'when  they 
get  home. 

22.  Ten  per  cent,  of  the  men  are  being  furloughed  for  ten  days. 
Work  on  the  final  papers  and  muster  rolls  has  begun,  and  the 
company  officers  are  too  busy  to  go  to  the  theater  at  night.  How 
unlucky.     Getting  paid  and  getting  home  are  the  leading  topics  now. 

23.  'i'o-day  the  one-year  men  were  mustered  out  by  special  order. 
They  numbered  about  forty  in  the  regiment.  These  and  our  fur- 
loughed men  started  homeward  in  a  body.  We  have  no  duty  to 
perform  and  the  monotony  of  camp  is  becoming  oppressive. 

25.  Sunday.  We  are  now  getting  a  better  supply  of  rations  than 
at  any  time  in  the  past  two  years.  We  get  hard  bread,  soft  bread, 
soap,  candles,  beans,  pickles,  sugar,  coffee,  salt  and  pepper.  We  are 
told  that  the  paymaster  began  paying  the  men  of  the  first  brigade  of 
our  division  to-day.  At  five  o'clock  this  evening  we  had  dress-parade 
— the  first  since  we  were  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C.  A  roll-call  this  morning 
and  inspection  to  day.  Getting  back  to  first  principles.  Several  of 
the  commissioned  officers  visited  a  certain  German  garden,  two  miles 
from  camp.  I  suspect  that  the  Teuton  keeps  something  in  his  garden 
besides  vegetables. 

27.  A  year  ago  to-day  we  fought,  bled  and  fled  at  Kenesaw.  Who 
can  ever  forget  that  27  th  day  of  June,  1864  ?  What  a  record  we  have 
made  since  that  day.  Now  all  is  over  and  friend  and  foe  go  home  to 
fight  no  more. 

28.  Eighty  men  have  been  furloughed  in  the  proper  way,  and 
nearly  as  many  have  frenched  on  their  own  account. 

The  authorities  in  the  city  use  every  effort  to  prevent  our  men 
from  getting  liquor,  but  it  is  not  successful.  They  will  get  it  and 
many  disgraceful  riots  and  melees  ensue.  The  women  peddlers  of 
pies  and  cakes  are  closely  watched  and  often  searched  on  account  of 
the  fact  that  they  bring  whisky  into  camp  and  sell  it  to  the  men. 

An  old  Dutch  lady  and  her  two  daughters  came  into  camp  and 
gave  us  a  serenade  with  several  instruments.  After  playing  a  few 
pieces  they  take  a  collection  of  the  crowd  around  them.  One  of  the 
girls  made  an  unsuccessful  effort  to  cross  the  creek  to  collect  some- 
thing of  a  number  of  officers  who  stood  on  the  opposite  side.     An 


July,  '65. J  History  0/  the  iijt/i  O.  V.  I.  167 

over-gallant  soldier  took  the  girl  in  his  arms  and  attempted  to  ferry 
her  across  in  that  way ;  but  when  part  way  over  he  lost  his  balance 
and  both  went  down.  They  both  floundered  through  amid  the  shouts 
of  the  delighted  crowd. 

JO.  Major  Carpenter,  one  of  the  army  paymasters,  paid  us  eight 
months  pay  to-day.  I  received  $161.  This  brings  us  up  to  the  first 
of  May.  When  we  are  discharged  we  will  be  paid  all  that  is  then 
due  us.  The  men  are  busy  settling  debts  of  all  kinds.  We  were 
mustered  this  afternoon  for  May  and  June. 

A  strong  force  is  now  engaged  on  the  muster-out  rolls.  These  are 
to  be  made  in  seven  rolls,  all  alike.  It  requires  a  vast  amount  of 
careful  work. 


JULY,   1865. 

1.  Now  that  the  men  of  the  113th  have  plenty  of  money  they  are 
in  the  city  to-day  spending  it  freely.  I  can  not  blame  them  for 
wanting  to  doff  the  blue  and  don  citizen's  dress.  It  seems  so  natural, 
now  that  peace  has  come,  to  return  to  our  former  lives  and  customs. 
I  feel  like  I  would  never  again  like  to  hear  the  roar  of  cannon  and 
the  command  to  shoulder  arms.  1  have  taken  delight  in  it  in 
times  past,  but  I  am  sick  of  martial  music  and  of  the  gory  glory  of 
war. 

Our  men  are  exchanging  photographs  with  each  other  in  token  of 
friendship.  We  realize  now  that  in  a  few  days  we  are  to  separate, 
never  to  meet  again.  The  thoughts  of  peace  and  home  are  thus 
tinged  with  a  feeling  of  sadness.  I  have  been  very  busy  for  some 
time  on  the  company  rolls. 

2.  Sunday.  "Don't  you  want  to  buy  a  rabbit.'"  queried  the  pie 
woman.  "A  what?"  asked  I.  "A  rabbit,  don't  you  understand.-'" 
Yes,  I  understood  it  in  a  moment,  but  I  suggested  she  had  better  try 
some  one  who  was  thirstier  than  I.  She  found  a  buyer  for  the  "  rab- 
bit," and  it  was  soon  uncorked  and  emptied.  The  weather  continues 
very  hot,  day  and  night.  The  churches  in  the  city  were  crowded 
with  soldiers  to-day.  They  are  laying  in  a  stock  of  piety  for  the 
home  visit.     I  have  been  eating  too  much  and  am  on  the  sick  list. 

J.  Our  men  are  mostly  in  the  city,  and  the  camp  looks  nearly  de- 
serted. Night  will  bring  them  all  in  and  then  each  will  have  a  story 
of  his  exploits  to  recite,  for  no  soldier  of. the    113th  would  think  of 


1 68  Evcry-i/iiy  Solt/iii   Liji  :  [Al  Louisville 

spending  a  day  in   Louisville  and   not   having  an   adventure   worth 
telling. 

4.  At  an  early  hour  we  received  notice  that  the  second  division 
would  he  reviewed  hy  General  Sherman.  A  numi)er  of  the  men 
skipped  for  the  city  to  avoid  this  exercise.  The  113th  took  its  posi- 
tion in  the  parade  and  bore  a  creditable  share  in  the  movements.  At 
the  close  of  the  review  the  division  was  massed  and  (General  Sherman 
addressed  the  troojjs  at  some  length.  He  referred  to  the  long  and 
noble  service  which  the  troops  of  this  division  had  seen,  to  the  situa- 
tion one  year  ago  to-day  and  to  the  happy  circumstances  by  which 
we  are  now  surrounded.  He  said  that  the  whole  division,  officers 
and  men,  had  no  superiors  as  soldiers,  and  that  the  country  will 
never  be  able  to  pay  the  debt  of  gratitude  which  it  owes  to  the  men 
who  have  done  and  suffered  so  much.  He  said  he  would  see  us  no 
more  as  soldiers,  but  he  hoped  to  see  and  know  us  hereafter  as  citi- 
zens of  a  great  and  happy  country.  He  bade  us  farewell  in  tones 
full  of  emotion  and  meaning. 

This  is  the  third  national  anniversary  which  we  have  spent  in  the 
South,  each  of  which  has  been  attended  with  peculiar  surroundings. 
When  the  next  one  comes  we  will  be  far  from  scenes  like  this,  and 
surrounded  by  that  domestic  peace  which  years  of  toil  and  danger 
have  taught  us  to  prize  at  its  true  value. 

This  is  a  very  hot  day  and  we  have  suffered  in  consequence.  We 
are  nearly  done  with  the  rolls.  When  these  are  completed  and 
approved  we  will  be  mustered  out. 

5.  We  have  completed  our  muster-out  rolls  and  our  muster  pay- 
rolls, and  the  mustering  officer  need  wait  on  us  no  longer.  We  are 
ready.  Made  an  ordinance  return  for  second  ipiarter,  1865.  Late 
in  the  evening  a  jubilee  occurred  in  camp,  and  one  unaccustomed  to 
such  scenes  would  have  concluded  that  the  men  had  been  to  a  beer 
garden. 

6.  The  mustering  officer  for  whom  we  have  waited  so  long  ap- 
peared at  regimental  headquarters  at  noon,  and  began  his  work  by 
mustering  out  the  field  and  staff ;  then  came  the  non-commissioned 
staff,  and  finally  the  companies  in  their  order.  A,  F,  D,  L  C,  H,  E, 
K,  G,  B.  The  work  was  finished  at  2:30  P.  M.  We  have  been  busy 
in  the  necessary  work  of  packing  up  and  preparing  to  start  for  Co- 
lumbus, Ohio. 

7.  Early  this  morning  we  pulled  down  our  tents,  and  together  with 
our  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  turned  them  over  to  the  ([uarter- 


July,  '65. J  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  169 

master  of  the  brigade.  At  nine  o'clock  we  formed  in  line  and  started 
in  the  direction  of  Louisville.  We  were  escorted  a  short  distance  by 
the  14th  Michigan  Infantrj',  who  bade  us  farewell.  We  reached  the 
wharf  at  the  Ohio  river  and  there  remained  several  hours  before  our 
boat  was  ready.  In  this  time  many  of  the  men  fired  up  with  liquid 
lx>ison,  and  a  disgraceful  riot  occurred.  The  drunken  men  deter- 
mined to  prevent  the  colored  men  belonging  to  the  regiment  from 
taking  passage  with  us  to  Ohio.  They  resorted  to  violence  and  some 
of  the  colored  men  were  badly  hurt,  but  I  think  none  of  them  were 
entirely  driven  off.  At  noon  we  went  on  board  the  Prima  Donna, 
and  after  an  hours'  delay  in  loading  some  baggage,  we  began  to  move 
up  the  river.  Our  boat  was  a  stern-wheel  craft  of  the  second  class, 
having  a  barge  in  tow,  and  our  progress  was  too  slow  to  be  agreeable. 
During  the  afternoon  William  H.  Whitney,  of  Company  E,  was  rob- 
bed of  more  than  $200  by  Chas.  Alden,  of  Company  C.  The  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  money  was  recovered  and  the  thief  put  under  guard. 

8.  Our  progress  during  the  night  was  provokingly  slow.  We 
reached  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.,  shortly  after  daylight,  and  at  10:30  A.  M. 
landed  at  the  wharf  at  Cincinnati.  A  guard  at  the  gang  i)lank  pre- 
vented the  men  from  disembarking  and  scattering  through  the  city. 

At  half-past  twelve  we  went  ashore,  formed  in  line  and  marched 
to  the  Little  Miama  depot.  Here  we*  were  loaded  into  a  train  of 
eleven  box  cars,  with  seats.  We  moved  out  at  1:30  P.  M.  As  we 
left  the  city  the  siding  01^  our  cars  yielded  to  the  persuasive  knocks 
of  our  guns,  and  the  delighted  urchins  of  the  city  gathered  a  good 
supply  of  kindling  wood.  We  ran  at  a  rapid  rate,  halting  at  Xenia 
and  other  points.  At  l^ndon  we  halted  ten  minutes.  Here  the 
friends  of  companies  A.  and  G.  gave  their  sons  and  brothers  in 
.  those  companies  a  joyous  greeting,  like  that  which  awaits  the  rest  of 
us,  further  on.  As  we  neared  Columbus,  Alden,  the  thief,  jumped 
from  the  cars  and  made  for  the  woods,  unpursued. 

We  reached  Columbus  at  7  P.  M.,  and  marching  to  Tod's  Barracks 
on  High  street  we  stacked  arms  and  made  some  inquiry  for  supper. 
The  officer  in  command  conducted  us  into  the  feed  department  of 
the  barracks  and  showed  us  the  bill  of  fare.  It  was  not  inviting,  nor 
did  it  come  up  to  our  standard  of  a  supper,  such  as  returning  soldiers 
deserved.  Some  emphatic  criticisms  were  indulged  in  and  many  of 
the  men  left  the  hall  in  disgust.  Others  remained  and  worried  down 
their  suppers,  then  took  to  the  streets  for  a  ratification.  They  ratified 
and  jubilated  till   a  late   hour,  and  then    returning  to   the  barracks 

19 


lyo  E^'cr y -day  Soldier  Life :  [Discharged 

sliared  for  a  time  with  the  gray-backs  which  held  i)ossession.  At 
midnight  our  boys  declared  themselves  repulsed  i)y  the  vermin,  and 
retiring  to  the  street  spent  the  rest  of  the  night  wandering  about 
over  the  city. 

g.  Sunday.  Many  of  our  men  attended  worshij)  at  the  various 
churches,  others  sle])t  the  day  away.  Earnest  Snyder,  John  Ganson, 
John  Craig,  Oliver  Craig  and  I  went  to  the  Whetstone  river  and 
bathed.  Captain  McCrea  and  I  invoiced  ordinance  belonging  to 
Co.  E.  Considerable  work  is  to  be  done  before  we  can  be 
discharged,  but  we  will  be  ready  to-morrow.  This  is  certainly  our 
last  Sabbath  with  Uncle  Sam.     The  pay  rolls  were  signed  to-day. 

lO.  At  noon  we  turned  over  the  guns  which  had  done  our  fighting 
for  us.  They  were  good  ones  and  have  made  their  mark  on  Rebeldom. 
Early  in  the  afternoon  we  received  our  pay  and  final  discharges,  and 
once  more  we  are  citizens. 

The  majority  of  the  men  boarded  the  first  trains  leaving  in  the 
direction  of  their  homes,  but  many  remained  over  night. 

Late  in  the  afternoon,  those  who  remained,  attended  a  reception 
or  welcome,  given  tlie  i  13th  at  (roodale  Park,  by  the  ladies  and 
citizens  of  Columbus.  It  was  an  enjoyable  occasion  and  reflected 
the  feelings  of  the  good  citizens  of  the  city  toward  the  men  who  had 
done  gallant  service  for  the  State.  S])eeches  were  made  by  (ieneral 
J.  1).  Co.x,  (ieneral  John  G.  Mitchell,  Colonel  Wilcox,  Colonel 
Warner,  Colonel  Jones  and  Honorable  Henry  C.  Noble.  A  bounteous 
supper  followed  and  then  a  tremendous  rain  put  an  end  to  all,  and 
before  we  could  find  shelter  we  were  all  thoroughly  wet. 

The  e.xercises  of  the  afternoon  are  spoken  of  by  the  Ohio  State 
Journal,  of  the  i  ith,  as  follows  : 

"rECEPTIDN    ok     IHK     1  1  Vl'H,    i  >.     V.     1." 

"  The  shower  yesterday  afternoon  was  no  doubt  needed,  as  the 
atmosphere  cooler  was  needed  by  everyone,  but  we  are  sorry  to  say 
that  it  came  in  a  very  bad  time,  and  almost  spoiled  one  of  the  best 
arranged  and  most  complete  receptions  of  the  season. 

"The  113th  O.  V.  I.,  noted  for  prompt  action  throughout  its  term 
of  service,  arrived  in  the  city  on  Saturday  evening,  one  day  sooner 
than  expected,  and  somewhat  disarranged  the  programme  of  those 
preparing  for  the  members  thereof,  a  formal   reception. 

"This  disarrangement  was  but  shortlived,  and  busied  preparations 
yesterday  culminated  in  the  evening  in  the  production  of  a  fine 
collation  spread  upon  the  tables  of  the  Park.  Our  citizens  seemed 
to  make  amends  for  former  neglect  and  were  out  in  full  force. 

"This  was  especially  true  in  reference  to  the  ladies,  more  of  them 


July,  '65.]  ^     History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  J.  171 


j^ 


being  present  yesterday  evening  than  at  any  other  five  receptions 
tendered  our  returning  soldiers. 

"The  1 13th,  escorted  by  the  band  of  the  i8th  Regulars,  marched 
from  the  barracks  at  about  five  o'clock,  carrying  with  them  as  trophies 
their  two  tattered  flags,  literally  torn  to  pieces  in  service.  These 
attracted  much  attention,  and  the  boys  seemed  as  proud  of  them 
:is  the  ))eople  were  an.xious  to  see  them. 

"  The  tables  were  surrounded  with  an  easy,  orderly  kind  of  a  move- 
ment, and  the  veterans  proceeded  to  enjoy  the  substantials  and 
delicacies.  With  so  much  that  was  good  before  them,  and  with  so 
many  pleasant  and  pretty  faces  around  them,  to  have  not  enjoyed 
the   feast  would  have  been  impossible. 

"  After  the  disposition  of  the  eatables  to  the  satisfaction  of  all 
concerned,  the  boys  concentrated  in  front  of  the  speaker's  stand 
and  were  addressed  by  General  Mitchell,  Henry  C.  Noble,  Colonel 
Wilcox,  Major  General  J.  D.  Cox  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Warner. 
The  addresses  were  all  in  good  taste,  brief,  pomted  and  were  most 
enthusiastically  received.  Each  speaker  was  greeted  with  cheers, 
and  after  each  speech  came  rounds  of  applause. 

"  In  the  midst  of  Colonel  Warner's  speech  came  the  afore-mentioned 
shower  and  the  crowd  dispersed  on  the  'double  quick  '  order. 

"  The  scene  was  most  peculiar  and  irresistibly  funny,  in  spite  of 
the  dampening  qualities  of  the  rain. 

"  'Ye  local'  was  among  the  unfortunates,  and  begs  to  be  excused 
from  talking  about  the  weather  in  this  connection. 

"The  113th  was  organized  at  Camp  Chase,  October  loth,  1862. 
The  men  composing  this  regiment  were  recruited  principally  in 
Franklin,  Licking,  Madison  and  Pickaway  counties,  and  on  the  25th 
of  October  the  regiment,  with  six  hundred  men,  was  on  its  way  to 
active  service.  That  it  saw  a  goodly  amount  of  this,  the  following 
names  of  battles  in  which  it  was  engaged  bear  witness  :  Commencing 
at  Chickamauga,  then  follow  Wilson's  Creek,  Mill  Creek  Gap,  Rome, 
Resaca,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree  Creek,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro, 
Savannah,  Averysboro,  Bentonville,  etc. 

"The  regiment  was  first  commanded  by  Colonel  James  A.  Wilcox, 
afterwards  by  Colonel  (now  General)  Mitchell,  and  returns  to  its 
starting  point  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Toland  Jones." 


172 


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Muster-Out  Roll. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF. 
Mustered  uut  at  Louisville,   Kentucky,  July  6th,   1865. 

Colonel  James  A.  Wilcox — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  (Jhio, 
September  2,  1862  ;   resigned  April  29,  1863. 

Colonel  John  G.  Mitchell — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Tennessee, 
May  6,  1863;  promoted  from  Lieutenant  Colonel  May  6, 
1863;  appointed  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  V.  January  12,  1865. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Darius  B.  Warner — Commissioned  at  Frank- 
lin, Tennessee,  May  6,  1863;  promoted  from  Major  May  6, 
1863;  resigned  June  6,  1865,  on  account  of  wounds  received 
June  27,  1864;  Resignation  accepted  by  General  Slocum. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Toland  Jones — Commissioned  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C;  promoted  from  Captain  of  Company  A  to  date,  June 
7,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  regiment. 

Major  L.  Starling  Sullivant — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Ten- 
nessee, May  6,  1863;  promoted  from  Captain  of  Company  H 
May  6,  1863;  resigned  May  30,  1865;  resignation  accepted  by 
General  Slocum. 

Major  Otway  Watson — Commissioned  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
June  [2,  1865;  promoted  from  Captain  of  Company  H;  mus- 
tered in  as  ALijor  to  date  from  June  12,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with 
regiment. 

Surgeon  James  R.  Black — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
August  19,  1862;  resigned  July  21,  1863;  resignation  accepted 
by  (jeneral  Rosecrans. 

Surgeon  Albert  Wilson — Commissioned  at  Chattanooga,  Ten- 
nessee, September  30,  1863;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, July  5,  1865. 

Assistant  Surgeon  Alonzo  Harlow — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  September  i,  1862;  resigned  May  11,  1863;  resigna- 
tion accepted  by  General  Rosecrans. 


176  Every-t/ay  SoliHci   Liji  .  [Muslci-oiil  Roll. 

Assistant  Sur(;k()n  Thomas  C.  Tipion — Commissioned  at  Colum- 
1ms,  Ohio,  September  3,  1862;  resigned  June  8,  1863;  resig- 
nation accepted  by  General  Rosecrans. 

Assistant  Surokon  Gf.orc.k  W.  Kkmi' — Commissioned  at  Shelby- 
ville,  Tennessee,  July  20,  1863;  resigned  ()ctol)er  13,  1863; 
resignation  accepted  by  General  Rosecrans. 

Assistant  Surgeon  Hiram  M.  Bassktt — Commissioned  at  Shelby- 
ville,  Tennessee,  July  20,  1863;  mustered  out  to  date,  April 
23,  1865,  to  accept  commission  as  Surgeon  of  the  121st  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry. 

Ch AiM.AiN  JosKi'H  MoRRis — Commissioned  at  Chattanooga,  Tennes- 
see, October  27,  1863;  mustered  out  with  regiment. 

Adjutant  Charles  C.  Cox — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
.September  8,  1862;  resigned  May  28,  1863;  resignation  ac- 
cepted by  General  Rosecrans. 

.Vdjutant  James  K.  Hamilton — Commissioned  at  Shelby ville, Ten- 
nessee, June  22,  1863;  mustered  out  to  date,  August  17, 
[864,  to  accept  commission  as  Captain  of  Company  I). 

.\i)jUTANT  Iamks  R.  Ladi) — Commissioned  at  Vining's  Station, 
Georgia;  mustered  out  to  date,  June  11,  1864,  to  accept  com- 
mission as  Captain  of  Company  H. 

Adjutant  Isaac  X.  Hobiij. — Commissioned  at  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, June  12,  1865  ;  promoted  from  Sergeant  Major,  date  June 
12,  [865  ;  mustered  out  with  regiment. 

R.  Q.  M.  Erasmus  Scakritt — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
September  3,  1862;  resigned  January  30.  1864;  resignation 
accepted  by  (ieneral  Thomas. 

R.   Q.   M.   Joseph    Swisher — Commissioned   at  Triune,  Tennessee^ 
June  8,  1863;  mustered  out  August  21,  1864,  to  accept,  commis- 
sion as  Captain  of  Company  E. 
R.  Q.  M.  George  W.  Brigham — Commissioned  at  Atlanta,  Georgia, 
September  17,  1864;  mustered  out  with  regiment. 

non-commissioned  staff. 

Sergeant  Major  Joel  L.  Reed — Commissioned  at  London,  Ohio, 
August  II,  1862;  appointed  Sergeant  Major  from  Sergeant  to 
date,  June  12,  1865;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
July  6,  1865. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant  Wm.  H.  Hallidav — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,    August   18,    1862;    enlisted    August   13,    1862,   as    a  pri- 


Company  A.]  Hisluiy  of  Ihc  iijth  O.  V.  I.  177 

vate  of  Company  B ;  Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  July 

6,  1865. 
Commissary    Sergeant    F.    M.    Reigel — Commissioned    at    Camp 

Dennison,  Ohio,  September  22,    1862;  mustered  out  at   Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  July  6,  1865. 
HosPiTAF.  Steward  Wm.  N.  Yost — Commissioned  at  Hebron,  Ohio, 

August   22,    1862  ;  mustered  out  at   Louisville,   Kentucky,  July 

6,  1865. 
First  Musician  Cortland  C.  Runyan — Commissioned  at  Dayton, 

Ohio,  October  8,  1862;   mustered  out  at  Louisville,   Kentucky, 

July  6,  1865. 
Second  Musician  Loyal  H.  Clouse — Commissioned  at  Granville, 

Ohio,  August   14,  1862;  mustered  out  at   Louisville,  Kentucky, 

July  6,  1865. 

DISCHARGED. 

Sergeant  Major  Jesse  W.  Dungan — Commissioned  at  London, 
Ohio,  August  II,  1862;  discharged  to  accept  promotion  as  2d 
Lieutenant  in  Company  A,  November  5,  1863. 

(2-  M.  Sergeant  Wm.  R.  Hanawalt — Commissioned  at  Mt.  Ster- 
ling, Ohio;  discharged  to  accept  promotion  as  2d  Lieutenant  in 
Company  G,  March  25,  1863. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant  J.  W.  Ingrim — Commissioned  at  Mt.  Sterling, 
Ohio,  August  13,  1862;  discharged  on  account  of  physical  dis- 
ability November  14,  1863,  by  order  of  General  R.  S.  Granger. 

Commissary  Sergeant  George  W.  Brigham — Commissioned  at 
Hartford,  Ohio,  August  14,  1862;  discharged  to  accept  promo- 
tion as  I  St  Lieutenant  and  R.  Q.  M.  September  16,  1864. 

Sergeant  Major  Isaac  N.  Hobill — Commissioned  at  Jackson, 
Ohio,  August  14,  1862;  discharged  to  accept  promotion  as  ist 
Lieut.  Adjt.  June  ir,  1865. 


COMPANY    A, 

Muslered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS. 

Captain  Toland  Jones — Commissioned  Captain  August  11,  1862, 
at  Columbus,  O.;  piromoted  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  113th  Regi- 
ment O.  V.  L,  June  7,  1865  ;  commanded  regiment  from  August 
28,  1864,  to  day  of  discharge. 


17S  I'lvci y-ifiiy  Soliiiii   Liji  :  [Muslcr-oul  RdII 

Cai'IAIn  Chas.  p.  (iOKMAX — Commissioned  ('aptain  June  8,  1S65; 
transferred  from  Company  1  ;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky., 
July  6.  1S65. 

FiKsr  Lii:i:  lENAN  J  N.  C".  \  kkkks — Commissioned  First  Lieutenant 
August  II,  1862;  resigned  January  13,  1863. 

First  Lieutenan  r  ()  r\v an  \\'a  rsox — Promoted  to  First  Lieutenant 
February  6,  18C3;  jjronioted  to  Captain  Comi)any  H,  ri3th  (). 
V.  L,  Ahiy  6,  1863.     (See  H   Roll.) 

First  Lieutenam'  Aijuh.i.a  Toi.wd — Promoted  to  First  Lieutenant 
June  6,  1863;  resigned  January  21,  1864. 

FiRsr  Lieutenant  J.  R.  Cross — Promoted  to  First  Lieutenant  June 
12,  1865;  assigned  to  Company  A,  June  12,  1865;  mustered 
out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

Second  Likutknant  Jesse  W.  Dungan — Promoted  to  Second  Lieu- 
tenant November  5,  1863;  wounded  June  27;  died  July  4, 
1864. 

Second  Lieutenant  James  Coui/ris — Promoted  to  Second  Lieuten- 
ant July  5,  1864;  promoted  to  I'irst  Lieutenant,  Compan\  C>, 
August  31,  1865.      (See  C  Roll.) 

Second  Lieutenant  Wm.  A.  NL  Davis — Promoted  to  Second  Lieu- 
tenant September  24,  1864;  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant 
Company  H,  October  21,  [864.     (See  B  Roll.) 

.NON-COMMISSIONED  OKKICERS 

John  C.  Cohi.kntz,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August 

II,  1862;  mustered  out  July  6,  1865. 
RoiiERT  KNiciHT,  Second  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  lyOndon,  C).,  August 

II,  1862;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment  July  6,  1865. 
Edwin  Si.acm.k,  Third  Sergeant — Enrolled   at    London,  ().,  August 

II,  1862;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment.  ^ 

George  Ei.i.ars,  Fourth  Sergeant — F^nrolled  at   London,  (,).,  August 

II,  1862  ;  mastered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Chas.  J.  GoulT),  Fifth  Sergeant — Enrolled  at    London,  ().,  August 

ir,    1862;   [)romoted  from  Corporal  to  Sergeant  June    12,    1865  ; 

mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Geo.  C.  Phi.eeger,  F'irst  Corporal — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  Septem- 
ber  2,    1862;    mustered   out  at    Louisville,   Ky.,    July   6,    1865. 
Richard    B.    Corson,    Second    Corporal — Enrolled  at    London,  ()., 

August  II,  1862;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
Joseph  E.  Sidner,  Third  Corporal — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August 

II,  1862  ;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 


Company  A.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  1.  179 

Smithfield  Jackson,    Fourth    Corporal — Enrolled    at    London,   O., 

August   II,  1862  ;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
Joseph   Sanders,  Fifth  Corporal — Enrolled  at    London,  O.,  August 

II,  1862-;    mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 
Jacob  March,  Sixth  Corporal — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  ir, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Benjamin     Norris,   Seventh     Corporal — Enrolled    at    London,   O., 

August  II,  1862;  promoted  to  Corporal  May  26,  J865  ;  mustered 

out  with  the  regiment. 
Austin   Slagle,  Eighth  Corporal — Enrolled   at  London,  O.,  August 

II,  1862;  promoted  to   Corporal   June   12,  1865;  mustered  out 

July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

privates. 

John  W.  Adams — (Recruit)  Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  January  2, 
1864  ;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Wm.  Armstrong — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

John  Boesinger — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase  September  2,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Joseph  E.  Buzzard — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

Chas.  Bates — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  the  regiment. 

Thos.  H.  Bell — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

Harvey  Bradley — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  January  4,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

RiLY  Carter — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

John  F.  Chapman — (Veteran)  Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  December 
21,  1863;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

John  L.  DALLAS-^Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

Philip  Fix — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862;  mustered 
out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

Alfred  E.  Garret — (Veteran)  Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  December 
9,  1863  ,  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Daniel  Hilderbran — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

John  N.  Howsman — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  ri,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 


l8o  Evcry-day  Soldier  Life :  [Muster-oul  Roll 

J(^HN    N.   JoNKS — Enrolled  at   London,  ().,   Au<^ust    ii,    1S62;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

Lkvi   March — l-nroUctl   ai    I  .ondoii,  ().,  August   11,  1S62;   mustered 

out  with  the  regiment. 
W.M.  Marks — Enrolled    at    London,  ().,  September    9,    1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

Wm.   Mkhkc.an — (Recruit)    Enrolled    at    London,  ().,    January    23, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

J<iHN    Miller — (Veteran)    Enrolled    at    London,    ().,    January    13, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

(rEf)RGE   Miles — Enrolled    at    London,   C).,   August    11,    1862;  mus- 
tered out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

JOHN    McSavanv — Enrolled    at    London,    ().,    August     1  r,    1862; 
mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

Alexander  McCombs — (Recruit)  Enrolled    at  London,  ().,  January 
22,  1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Isaac  J.  Norris — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  .\ugust   22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 

William   Orput — (Recruit)   Enrolled    at    London,   O.,  January    4, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Thomas  O'Neil — (Recruit)    Enrolled    at    London,    O.,    March    26, 
1864  ;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

John    H.    Peters — Enrolled    at    London,    O.,    August    11,    1862; 
mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

John  H.  Pemiierton — (Veteran)  Enrolled  at  London,  C).,  March  30, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Albert  T.  Phiker — Enrolled    at    London,   O.,   August    11,    1862; 
mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

Michael    Powers — Enrolled    at    London,    O.,    August     11,    1862; 
mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

John  G.  Polinc; — (Recruit)   Enrolled    at    London,  O.,  January   23, 
1864  ;  mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

Samuel  Powell — (Recruit)    Enrolled   at    London,    f).,    March    18, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

James  Rayburn — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August   11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  sick. 

Joseph    D.   Ritcharoson — Enrolled    at    London,    ().,    August    11, 
1862  ;  mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 

Simeon  W.  Rodgers — Enrolled  at   London,  O.,  August    11,   1862; 
mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 


(Company  A.  j  History  of  the  tijth  O.  V.  /.  i8i 

Daniel    Riordan — Enrolled    at    London,    O.,    August    ii,    1862; 

mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
John    Rightsell — Enrolled     at     London,    O.,    August    11,    1862; 

mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Balzer  Speacemaker — (Recruit)  Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  Deceml/Cr 

31,  1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Alexander  Schafer — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,   August   11,  1862; 

mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Nicholas  Schimmel — (Veteran)  Enrolled    at  London,  O.,  February 

4,  1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment.     (Musician.) 
Aurelius   Simpson — (Recruit)  Enrolled    at  London,  O.,  March   i, 

1864  ;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
John    H.    Tallman — Enrolled    at    London,    O.,  August    11,    1862; 

mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
William  Wait — Enrolled    at    London,  O.,  August   11,   1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 
Alfred  Willet — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August   11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment. 
William    C.    Ward — Enrolled   at    London,    O.,    August    ri,    1862; 

mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  on  furlough. 
Mark    Wallace — Enrolled  at    Camp  Chase,  September   19,  1862; 

mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
George  W.  Watson — (Recruit)  Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  November 

8,  1863;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Walter  M.  Watson — (Recruit)  Enrolled    at  London,  ().,  February 

19,  1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Joseph  P.  Wagerman — (Recruit)  Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  December 
25,   1863;  mustered    out    July    .6,   1865,    while   absent  on   fur- 
lough. 
Charles   Yeatts — (Recruit)    Enrolled    at    London,    ().,  March   i, 

1864;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Daniel   Young — (Recruit)    Enrolled    at    London,    O.,    LT-'iuary    2, 

1864;  mustered  out  July  6,  1865,  while  absent  sick. 
George  W,  Parmer — (Recruit)  Enrolled  as  under  cook,  at  Shelby- 
ville,  Tenn.,  August  6,  1863;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Colored. 
George  W.  Valeni-ine — Enrolled  as  under  cook,  at  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  October  31,  1863;  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 
Colored. 


l82  Eve ry-iiay  Soldier  Life :  [Muslcr-oiil  Roll 

DISCHARdKU. 

Hknja'min  F.  Ai.i.isoN — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  ii,  1S62  ; 
discharged  August  S,  1SC3,  Camp  Dennison,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order  of  Military  Commission. 

John  Bki.i. — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  discharged 
April  30,  1S63,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  account  of  physical 
disability,  by  order  of  Major  (ieneral  Ro^ecrans. 

Pun. IP  E.  Bi.ESH — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  i<S62;  dis- 
charged April  26,  1864.  Camp  Uennison,  on  account  of  physical 
disability,  by  order  of    Military  Commission. 

James  Bkmis — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  ri,  1862;  arrested 
October  25,  1862,  Camp  Chase,  by  civil  authority,  by  order  of 
(Governor  of  Iowa.   (Discharged.) 

Chesterfield  Carter — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862; 
discharged  February  9,  1865,  Cleveland,  O.,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order  of  Major  General  Hooker. 

Thomas  Dvvver — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862;  dis- 
charged May  27,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  account  of  physical 
disability,  by  order  of  Major  General  Rosecrans. 

William  P.  Echard — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  September  8, 
1864;  mustered  out  June  22,  1865,  Louisville,  Ky.,  per  order 
War  Department. 

Herbert  Fay — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862;  dis- 
charged November  9,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order  of  Major  General  Thomas.  (Drum- 
mer.) 

John  S.  Harvev — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  February  22,  1864  5 
mustered  out  May  29,  1865,  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  per  order 
War  Department. 

Robert  Howlett — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862  ; 
Discharged  April  27,  1865,  Columbus,  O.,  on  account  of  in- 
sanity, by  order  of  Major  General    Hooker. 

Michael  Q.  Kelly — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  ri,  1862; 
discharged  July  17,  1864,  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order  of  Major  (jeneral  Thomas. 

John  P.  Low — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ;  mustered 
out  June  2,  1865,  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  per  order  War  Depart- 
ment. 

Robert  Moore — Enrolled  at  London,©.,  August  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  May  22,  1865,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  per  order  War 
Department. 


Company  A.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  183 

James  McDermott — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  i,  1864; 
mustered  out  June  22,  1865,  Louisville,  Ky.,  per  order  War 
Department. 

Henry  Nussbaum — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  ir,  1862; 
discharged  January  12,  1864,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order  Major  General  (rrant. 

John  H.  PEMBERTox^Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862; 
discharged  June  8,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  account  of  physi- 
cal disability,  by  order  Major  (General  Rosecrans. 

Ezra  Paugh — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  1 1,  1862  ;  discharged 
April  8,  1865,  Columbus,  O.,  of  wound  received  June  27,  1864. 

John  Reese — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ;   discharged 
July  9,   1863,   Nashville,  Tenn.,  on   account   of  physical  disa 
bility,  by  order  Major  General  Rosecrans. 

George  H.  Roland — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862; 
discharged  April  13,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order'Major  General  Rosecrans. 

John  C.  Southron — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  ri,  1862; 
discharged  February  11,  1863,  Columbus,  C).,  on  account  of 
physical  disability,  by  order  J.  R.  Black,  Regimental  Surgeon. 

John  Simpson — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  May  26,  1865,  Camp  Dennison,  ().,  per  order  War 
Department. 

William  Woodman — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  22,  1862; 
discharged  April  19,  1865,  Columbus,  O.,  of  wound  received 
June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  by  Major  General  Hooker. 

transferred. 

John  H.  Axders(jn — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862; 
transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  April  30,  1864,  per  order  War  Depart- 
ment. 

Abner  D.  Cari  er — Enrolled  at  London,  ( ).,  August  11,  1862; 
transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  November  21,  1864,  per  order  War 
Department. 

William  Ford — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  V.  R.  C.  January  15,  1864,   per  order  War  Department. 

Timothy  Haley — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862; 
transferred  to  Co.  F  March  25,  1865,  promoted  to  First  Lieu- 
tenant. 

Henry    McCann — Enrolled    at     London,    O.,    August     .11,    1862; 


184  liviiy-day  Soil/ill- J. ij(  :  |  M  uslci-oiil  KolF 


transferred  to  U.  S.  Engineer  Corps, Chattanooga,  Tenn..  l)y  order 
Major  (ieneral  'riiomas,  August   15,  1S65. 

I>\Ai  Ci.  NkI'I- — Knrolled  at  l^ondon,  ( ).,  August  21,  i<S62;  trans- 
ferred to  \'.  K.  C'.  February  17,  1864,  per  order  War  Department. 

JoKi.  L.  Kkai) — Knrolled  at  London,  ().,  August  11,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  Kegt.  Staff  June  12,  1865.  as  Sergeant  Major,  by 
order  Lieutenant  Cdlonel  Jones. 

Hk.m»m  Kan — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,  .August  11,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  \'.  K.  ('.  .\pril  _^o,  1864,  per  order  War  Department. 

KII.IKI). 

Jf^HN    C'.    Bp:ntzki. — Enrolled    at     London,   O.,   August     11.    1862 ; 

killed  April  10,  1865,  Holt's  Mills,  N.  C. 
EviiRii    \\".  Jackscjx — Enrolled  at   London,  O.,  August    22,    18O2; 

killed  June  27,  1864,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  (reorgia. 
Louis  H.   Kennedy — Enrolled  at  London,  ().,   February   2t^,  1864; 

killed  June  27,  1864,  Ivenesaw  Mountain,  (ieorgia. 
John    Weuek — Enrolled  at    London,  ().,  September   2,  1862;  killed 

in  action  JiUy  19,  1864,  Feachtree  Creek,  (Georgia. 


Henkv    J.    Hecrman — Enrolled    at    London,   (>.,   August    22,    1862; 

died  March  5,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 
William    Beak — Enrolled    at    London,  (J.,  August   11,   1862;  died 

March  18,  1863,  Franklin,  I'enn.,  of  disease. 
Peter  Brown — F^nrolled  at    London,  ().,  October    11,   1862;    died 

June  6,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 
Alexander  Bradley — Enrolled  at   London,  O.,  October   11,  1862; 

died  July    29,    1864,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of    wounds  received 

at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ca.,  June  27,  1864. 
RoBT.  R.  Bai.enger — Fvnrolled   at    London,   O.,  August    11,    1862; 

died  August   12,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds  received 

at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
Wm.  T.  CoHRAN — Enrolled  at   London,  O.,  August    11,    1862;    died 

March  14,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 
LvMAN   Carter — Enrolled  at  l^ondon,  (X,  August   11,   1862;    died 

March  21,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 
James  W.  Carr — Enrolled  at   London,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 

March  22,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 
Francis  M.  Crabb — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  6,   r862;  died 

September  2,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 


Company  A.J  History  af  the  iijt/i  O.  V.  I.  185 

Jesse  N.  Cannon — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August   11,  1862;  died 

September  20,  1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  of  wound. 
John   J.Cloud — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August    11,   1862;    died 

October   15,   1864,  at   Kingston,  Ga.,    of    wounds    received    at 

Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Thomas  Cowling — Enrolled  at  Camp    Chase    August     11,    1862; 

died    April   13,   1865,  at  Newbern,  N.  C,  of   wounds  received 

in  action  March  19,  1865. 
James  S.   Harvey — Enrolled  at    London,  O.,    October    11,    1862; 

died  January  20,  1863,  at  Muldrough  Hill,  Ky.,  of  disease. 
Wm.  E.   Hughes — Enrolled    at    London,  O.,  December    22,   1863; 

died  July    29,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds  received 

at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Archibald    Morse — Enrolled    at     London,  O.,  August    22,   1862; 

died   September     i,   1864,  at    Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of    chronic 

diarrhoea. 
Geo.  T.   Reno — Enrolled    at  London,  O.,  August   22,    1862;    died 

January  26,  1863,  at  Muldrough  Hill,  Ky.,  of  disease. 
Eugene  Smith — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August    11,    1862;    died 

March  11,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  of  disease. 
John   B.  Sulsor — Enrolled  at   London,  O.,  August   11,  1862;  died 

July    14,    1864,    at    Nashville,  Tenn.,  of   wounds   received   at 

Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
Fred.    Weber — Enrolled    at    London,  O.,  January    4,   1862;    died 

January  14,  1865,  at  Savannah.  Ga.,  of  acute  dysentery. 
Wm.   R.  Ward — ^Enrolled    at    London,  O.,  August    11,   1862;    died 

September  20,  1863,  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  of  acute  dysentery. 

DESERTED. 

Chas.  J.  Fritz — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862;  de- 
serted January  27,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

Aaron  W.  Hibber — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  11,  1862; 
deserted  January  27,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

Louis  Meade — Enrolled  at  London,  O.,  August  — ,  1862;  de- 
serted January  27,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 


i86  Evcry-ilay  SoUier  Life :  |Muslcr-oiit  Roll 

COMPANY  F. 

Mustered  out  at  Louisville.  Ky.,  July  6,   18O5. 
COMMISSIOXKI)  OKHCKRS. 

Captain  L.  T.  Nichols — C'Dininissioned  at  Columbus,  ().,  August 
17,  1862;  absent  on  detached  services  in  Ohio  since  February 
12,  1864;  mustered  out  at  I>ouisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

First  Lieutenant  Nelson  Durant — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
().,  August  13,  1862;  promoted  from  First  Lieutenant  to  Cap' 
tain  and  assigned   to  Company  1,  April  21,  1863;  mustered  out. 

First  Lieutenant  L.  S.  Windle — Commissioned  at  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  April  21,  1863;  promoted  from  First  Lieutenant  to 
Captain  and  assigned  to  Company  C,  July  14,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  company. 

First  Lieutenant  J.  R.  Ladd — Commissioned  at  Vining's  Sta- 
tion, Ga.,  June  25,  1864;  transferred  to  Field  and  Staff  Roll 
September  20,  [864;  mustered  out  with  Company.  (See 
Field  and  Staff  Roll.) 

First  Lieutenant  T.  Halev — Commissioned  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C, 
March  25,  1865;  mustered  out  with  Company;  transferred 
from  A. 

Second  Lieutenant  J.  L.  Wheeluck — Commissioned  at  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  April  21,  1863;  killed  in  battle  at  Chickamauga  Sep- 
tember 20,  1863. 

Second  Lieutenant  Edw.  Crouse — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
O.,  November  5,  1863;  killed  in  battle  at  Kenesaw  Mountain 
June  27,  1864. 

NON-CO.MMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

P.   L    HoRTON,   First   Sergeant — Enrolled   at   McKean,  ().,  August 

22,    1862;    absent   on    furlough   in    Ohio;    mustered    out    with 

Company. 
E.    J.    Carlii.e,    Sergeant — Enrolled    at   Newark,   O.,   August    19 

1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Wm.  H.  Thrall,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at    Hartford,  O.,  August    14, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
C.  A.  CoFFROTH,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August   21, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
T.   E.   OsBURN,  Sergeant — Enrolled   at   Franklin,    O.,    August    22, 

1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 


Company  F.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.   V.  1.  187 

E.   N.    Thrall,    Corporal — Enrolled    at    Hartford,  O.,  August    14, 

1862  ;  absent  on  furlough  in  Ohio  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
John    Denune,  Corporal — Enrolled    at    Columbus,  O.,  August   19, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
R.  B.  Stadden,  Corporal — Enrolled   at    Madison,  ().,    August    22, 

1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Leander    Pancoast,  Corporal — Enrolled   at  Camp  Zanesville,  O., 

October  13,  1862;    absent  on  furlough  in  Ohio;    mustered  out 

with  company. 

privates. 

Levi  Agler — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mustered 
out  with  company. 

Geo.  W.  Brooks — Enrolled  at  McKean,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Robert  Ballenger— Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Alonzo  N.  Brown — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  27, 
1862;  mustered  out  with  company. 

Albert  C.  Cady — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company  ;  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Ga., 
by  a  shell,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  at  Johnstown,  O., 
April  14,  1872,  aged  27  years.     He  had  a  good  record  as  a  soldier. 

Jacob  S.  Clouse — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Oliver  Green — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  absent 
on  furlough ;  mustered  out  with  company. 

John  Q.  Howard — Enrolled  at  Monroe,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Henry  S.  Howell — Enrolled  at  McKean,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

James  Hourigan — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company.      (Irish.) 

John  W.  Layman — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Chas.  G.  Larrahke — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

John  Perrin — Enrolled  at  McKean,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  company. 

T.  M.  Steadman — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 


iS8  Every-day  Soldier  Life :  |  M  uslcr-oul  koU 

John  A.  Smally — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  absent 
without  leave  from  the  14th  of  Novemi)er,  1862,  to  December  2d 
1864  ;  sentenced  by  General  Court  Martial  to  forfeit  all  pay  and 
allowances  for  time  absent;   mustered  out  with  company. 

TuLLER  Williams — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  com[)any. 

Jackson  Stevenson — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  March  3,  1863  ; 
mustered  out  with  company.     (Cook.) 

William  Pointer — Enrolled  at  F'ranklin,  Tenn.,  March  3,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  com])any.     (Cook.) 

KILLKD. 

Thos.  Disi'KNNKt,  Corporal — Enrolled    at    Franklin,  ().,  August   22, 

1862  ;  killed  September  20,  1863,  at  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
Ibbotson    Henry — Enrolled    at    Newark,  O.,  September  20,   1862; 

killed  September  20,  1863,  at  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
Wesley  Murphy — Enrolled  at  Madison,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  killed 

September  20,  1863,  at  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
Lyman    Lincoln,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at    Hartford,  O.,  August   20, 

1862  ;  killed  June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mt.  Ga. 
Uriah    A.    McComb — Enrolled    at    Hartford,  O.,  August   14,  1862  ; 

killed  August  8,  1864,  at  Atlanta,  Ga.      (Musician.) 
S.  J.  Ogilvie,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Hartfo'-d,  O.,  August,  14,  1862  ; 

missing  since  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 

DIED. 

Dever  Coffman — Enrolled  at  McKean,  ().,  August  20,  1862;  died 
March  2,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenu.;   dropsy  of  tlie  heart. 

Amos  Rich — Enrolled  at  Columl)us,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  died 
March  23,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.;    typhoid  fever. 

John  Gray — Enrolled  at  Mary  Ann,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 
April  14,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.;  congestive  fever. 

J.  D.  D.  Stevens — Enrolled  at  Hartford,  O.,  August  14,  1864;  died 
June  I,  1865,  Franklin,  Tenn.;  chronic  diarrhea. 

Wm.  H.  Larrabee — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 
August  15,  1863,  Louisville,  Ky.;  disease  unknown. 

M.  D.  L.  Parr,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  22* 
1862  ;  died  November  23,  1863,  in  the  Tennessee  river  by  drown- 
ing.    (See  reference  to  this  in  Knapsack.) 

Wm.  H.  Lane,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Hartford,  O.,  August  15,  1862; 
died  December  31,  1863,  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  Variola.  (See 
prison  sketch  in  Knapsack.) 


Company  F.  ]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  189 

Henry    Blade — Enrolled   at    Franklin,  ().,  August    20,1862;  died 

July   12,  1864,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.;  wounds  received  in  action 

at  Kenesaw  Mt.,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
Andrew  J.  Shaw — Enrolled  at   Madison,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  died 

July  20,  1864,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.;  wounds  received  in  action  at 

Kennesaw  Mt.,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
J.   G.   KiRKPATRiCK — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  January  18,  1864; 

died  October  6,  1864,  Nashville,  Tenn.;  chronic  diarrhea. 
George  Smart — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  14,  1862  ;  died 

of  chronic   diarrhea,  November  27,  1864,  on  board  the  hospital 

steamer  D.  A.  Januaiy. 
Vincent _  Lake — Enrolled    at   Washington,  August  22,   1862;  died 

December  10,  1864,  Camp  Dennison,  O.;  typhoid  fever. 
Isaac  Baily — Enrolled  at  Hartford,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died  April 

28,  1865,  Washington,  D.  C;  softening  of  the  brain. 

DISCHARGED. 

John  Scally — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  20,1862;  dis- 
charged December  20,  1863,  Millitary  Commander  at  Columbus, 
O.,  by  reason  disability. 

Geo.  W.  Allison — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 
discharged  March  18,  1863,  by  General  Rosecrans,  Nashville, 
Tenn.;  disability. 

M.  H.  Porter,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 
discharged  April  9,  1863,  by  General  Rosecrans,  Franklin,  Tenn.; 
disability. 

Henry  L.  Thrall — Enrolled  at  Hartford,  O.,  August  15,1862; 
discharged  May  18,  1863,  by  Surgeon  certificate,  Louisville,  Ky.; 
disability. 

Benjamin  Shaffer — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
discharged  June  2,  1863,  Surgeon  certificate,  Nashville,  Tenn.^ 
disability. 

John  E.  Rice — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged July  3,  1863,  Surgeon  certificate,  Louisville,  Ky.; 
disability. 

John  Rench — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged July  28,  1863,  by  Military  Commander,  Camp  Dennison, 
O.;  disability. 

Thos.  J.  Parr,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  O.,  August  18,  1862; 
discharged  August  18,  1863,  by  General  Rosecrans,  Nashville, 
Tenn.;  physical  disability. 


tgo  Rvcry-iiay  Sohiiei   Life :  [Mustcr-oiU  Roll 

Hknry  S.  W.  Butt — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
discharged  June  5,  1865,  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  by  order  War  De- 
partment. 

Philo  Housk — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  discharged 
by  Colonel  M.  Mundy,  I.ouisville,  Ky.,  September  7,  F863;  j^hys- 
ical  disability. 

Joseph  Jackson — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  (X,  August  22,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged December  31,  1863,  by  Colonel  Wm.  Wallace,  Columbus, 
O.;  permanent  disability  from  wounds  received  September  20, 
1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Edgar  D.  Horton,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  McKean,  C).,  August  20, 
1862:  discharged  February  24,  1864,  at  Columbus,  O.,  of  disa- 
bility from  wounds  received  in  right  hand,  September  20,  1863, 
at  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

Thomas  Davis — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  14,  1862;  dis- 
charged July  31,  1864. 

Thompson  P.  Freeman — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  15, 
1862;  discharged  April,  1864,  C^amj)  Dennison.  Wound  in  hand 
at  Chickamauga. 

John  C.  Bali, — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged June  30,  1864,  by  Maj.  Gen.  Heintzleman,  at  Colum- 
bus, O.,  of  wounds  received  September  20,  1863,  at  Chicka- 
mauga, Ga. 

Jasper  Evans — Enrolled  at  Jonhstown,  O.,  August  19,  1862;  dis- 
charged August  3,  1864. 

Geo.  W.  Clark — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  4,  1862  ; 
discharged  August  30,  1864,  by  Maj.  Gen.  Heintzleman  at 
Columbus,  O. ;  physical  dissability. 

John  J.  Ogilvie,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Hartford,  August  14,  1862; 
discharged  December  14,  1864,  by  Maj.  Gen.  Hooker  at  Colum- 
bus, O.,  of  wounds  received  at  Kenesaw  Mt.,  June  27,  1864. 

John  Lillii',ridge — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August,  20,  1862  ; 
discharged  June  2,  1865,  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  Maj.  Gen. 
Hooker. 

Esau  Rice — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  16,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged June  7,  1865,  at  Columbus,  O.,  by  Maj.  Gen.  Hooker. 
Lost  a  leg. 

John  R.  Ellis — Enrolled  at  Madison,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  date  of 
discharge  not  given. 


Company  F.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.'  191 

DESERTED. 

Amos  Bartholomew — Enrolled  at   McKean,  O.,  August  22,   1862  ; 

deserted  February  i.  1863,  at  Portland,  Ky. 
Samuel  M.  Davidson — Enrolled  at  Newark,  C).,  August  20,  1862, 

deserted  February  i,  1863,  at  Portland,  Ky. 
M.    Dellaplance — Enrolled    at    Franklin,    O.,    August    22,    1862; 

deserted  November  10,    1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 
James  Love — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  21,  1862;    deserted 

February  i,  1863,  at   Portland,  Ky. 
Joel  Ellis — Enrolled  at    Newark,  O.,  August  22,    1862  ;    deserted 

November  6,  1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 
Thomas .W.  Larrabee — Enrolled    at  Newark,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 

deserted  November  29,  1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  0. 
Wm.  T.  Reed — Enrolled  at  Madison,  O.,  August  22,  1862;   deserted 

December  14,  1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 
Bentlv  Echelbarger  — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 

deserted  December  14,  1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 
Robert  McGeasy — Enrolled  at  Newark,  O.,  September    11,  1862; 

deserted  November  18,  1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 

transferred. 

Geo.  H.  Winslow — Enrolled  at  Hartford,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
transferred  September  20,  1863,  to  V.  R.  C.  by  general  order 
of  War  Department. 

Ezra  L.  Whitehead — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
transferred  December  29,  1863,  to  V.  R.  C.  by  general  order  of 
War  Department. 

Jonas  Williams — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  (J.,  August  18,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred April  10,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C.  by  general  order  of  War 
Department. 

Sylvester  Frye — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  trans- 
ferred July  27,  1864,  to  Vet.  Eng.  Corps  by  general  order  of 
War  Department 

Jacob  Lown — Enrolled  at  McKean,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  transferred 
July  27,  1864,  to  Vet.  Eng.  Corps  by  general  order  of  War  De- 
partment. 

Isaac  Evans — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  12,  1862;  trans- 
ferred February  15,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C.  by  general  order  of  War 
Department. 


192  Evcry-day  Soliiier-Li/c :  [MuslcrHMil  Roll 

John  R.  Cross,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Johnstown,  O.,  August  22, 
1862  ;  promoted  from  First  Sergeant  to  "irst  Lieutenant,  June 
12,  1865,  assigned  to  Company  A,  1  i,^th   Regiment. 

CiKo.  \\'.  Bki(;ham,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Martford,  O.,  August  14, 
1S62;  promoted  from  Corporal  to  Commissary  Sergeant  Septem- 
ber 25,  1862,  and  transferred  to  Field  and  Staff  roll.  Discharged 
as  Regt.  Q.  M. 

COMPANY  D. 

Mustered  out  xy.    l>uuisvillc,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
COMMISSION  KD     OFFICERS. 

Cafiain  Marvin  M.  Munson — Commissioned  at  (iianville,  O., 
August  12,  1862;  resigned  January  21,  1863. 

Captain  Thos.  J.  Downkv — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Tenn., 
February  7,  1863;  resigned  August  10,  1864;  resignation  ac- 
cepted by  General  Thomas.     Served  as  Col.  U.  S.  C.  T. 

Captain  J.  K.  Hamilton — Commissioned  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August 
18,  1864;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

FiRsr  Lieutenant  F.  A.  End — Commissioned  at  Granville,  O., 
August  12,  1862;  resigned  January  31,  1863;  resignation  ac- 
cepted by  Major  General  Rosecrans. 

First  Lieutenant  Chas.  Sinnet — Commissioned  at  Franklin, Tenn., 
February  7,  1863;  transferred  November  7,  1864,  to  fiirst  regi- 
ment \ .  V.  U.  S.  Engineers. 

First  Lieutenant  B.  W.  Mason — Conmiissioned  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  June  8,  1865;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6, 
1865;  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  (ia.,  September  20,  1863; 
wounded  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mt.,  Ga. 

Second  Lieutenant  Chas.  C.  Havs — Commissioned  at  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  February  7,  1 S63  ;  resigned  August  8,  1863;  resignation 
accei)ted  by  Major  General  Rosecrans. 

non-co.mmissioned  officers. 
James  S.  I'orts,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled    at    Granville,  ().,  August 

20,  1862;  mustered  out  with  company. 
Moses  Goodrich,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at  Granville,  ().,   August  20, 

1862;  absent  on  furlough  since  June   26,   1865;  mustered   out 

with  company. 
James  Partridge,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20, 

1862  ;  absent  on  furlough  as   exchanged    prisoner  of  war  since 

March  18,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 


Company  I).]  History  oj  the  ujt/i  O.  V.  I.  193 

Alfred  Jones,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at    Liberty,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ; 

mustered  out  with  company. 
Burton  Huson,  First  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August 

20,  1862  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 
Henrv  Jewell,  Corporal — Enrolled    at    St.  Albans,  O.,  August  20, 

1862;  absent  on   furlough  since  June  30,   1865;  mustered  out 

with  company. 
Warren  C.  Rose,  Corporal — Enrolled    at  Granville,  O.,  August   12, 

1862;  mustered  out  with  company;  taken    prisoner  at  Chicka- 

mauga. 
Eli  AS  THO^L4s,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ; 

mustered  out  with  the  company. 
RuFUS  Merrill,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  St.  Albana,  O.,  August  20, 

1862;  mustered*  out  with  company. 
Andrew  J.  Chambers,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August 

20,  1862;  mustered  out  with  company. 
Wm.  H.  Harman,  Cor[)oral — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  February  r, 

1864;  absent  on  furlough  since    June,  26,  1865;   mustered  out 

with  company. 
Chas.  D.  Parker,  Corporal — Enrolled    at  Granville,  0.,  August  20, 

1862;  absent  on  furlough    since  June  26,  1865;  mustered  out 

with  company. 

privates. 

John  Brown — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  January  26,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Leroy  S.  Bancroft— Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Henry  C.  Case — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  mus- 
tered ^ut  with  company. 

Charles  M.  Carrier — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ; 
absent  on  furlough  since  June  27,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with 
company. 

David  N.  Conrad — Enrolled  at  Liberty,  ().,  August  20,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

John  J.  Chrvstlar — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  January  27,  1864; 
absent  sick  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  since  June,  17,  1865  ;  mustered 
out  with  company. 

MiLLioAN  Dunn — Enrolled  at  P'allsburg,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  c()mi)any. 


194  Every-day  SoUiei   Liji  :  |  Musicr-oiii  Roll 

John  F.  Densor — Kiirulled  at  Lihertv,  ().,  Aui^ust  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Thomas  J.  Evans — P2nrolled  at  (iiau\  illc,  ().,  August  20,  1.S62; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Shepaki)  R.  Fii.roN — l'>nrolled  at  (iranville,  O.,  August  20,  1S62; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

George  W.  Fi.aharda — Enrolled  at  Harrison,  ().,  .August  2^;,  1S62; 
mustered  out  with  c,omi)any.  Died  near  IMain  City,  ().,  July 
17,  1883. 

Rodney  Flaharda — Enrolled  at  Harrison,  ().,  August  27,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

George  A.  Graves — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Heman  L.  Hopart — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Ezra  D.  Hum.mei.l — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  .August  20,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Thomas  A.  Jones — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

James  Merrill — Enrolled  at  Granville,  ().,  August  20,  1862  ;  absent 
on  furlough  since   June   26,    1865  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 

John  Norton — Enrolled  at  St.  .\lbans,  ().,  January  22,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Thomas  Norton — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  ().,  February  20,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

\\'-s\.  R.  Newberry — Enrolled  at  (iranville,  ().,  August  20,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Henry  C.  Paige — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Jacob  Pitts — Enrolled  at  St.  .\lbans,  (X,  August  20,  1862  ;  mustered 
out  with  the  comi)any. 

William  Ports — Enrolled  at  Granville,  ().,  August  20,  1862;  absent 
on  furlough  since  June  26,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 

GiLMAN  Rose — Enrolled  at  Granville,  (').,  August  20,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Theodore  G.  Warden — Enrolled  at  Granville,  ().,  August  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Wm.  F.  Williams — Enrolled  at  Granville,  CJ.,  August  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Hiram  Williams — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 


Company  D.]  History  of  the  iijtii  O.   V.  1.  195 

Lewis    Williams — Enrolled    at    St.  Albans,  O.,  August    20,    1862  ; 

mustered  out  with  company. 
George  A.  Wilson — Enrolled   at    Granville,  ().,  August    20,  1862  ; 

mustered  out  with  company. 

killed. 

Joseph  W.  Gooding,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at   Granville,  O.,  August 

20,  1862;  killed  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September 

20,  1863. 
Lyman  B.  Pratt,  Corporal — Enrolled    at  Granville,  O.,  August  20, 

1862  ;  killed  in  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Guilford  D.  Haslip — Enrolled  at    Granville,  O.,  August   11,  1862; 

killed  in  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Daniel  Rose,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  12,  1862. 

killed  in  battle  of  Chickamauga  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Jesse  H.  Tucker — Enrolled   at    St.  Albans,  O.,  August   20,   1862  ; 

killed  in  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Hiram  Paige — Enrolled    at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ;  killed 

in  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
David  R.  Dunn — Enrolled  at  Fallsburg,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  killed 

in  the  battle  at  Chickamauga.  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Isaac  S.  Minton — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  killed 

in  battle  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Macy  Mann — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,   February  i,  1864;  killed 

in  battle  at  Jonesboro,  Ga.,  September  i,  1864. 

DIED. 

Jasper  Gillespie,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Bennington,  O.,  August  20) 

1862  ;  died  February  10,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  brain  fever. 
Arthur  P.  Wright — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 

died  February  20,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  brain  fever. 
Henry  A.  Wells — Enrolled  at    Liberty,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ;  died 

February  27,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  typhoid  fever. 
Albert    Rose — Enrolled    at    Granville,  O.,  August  24,   1862  ;  died 

March  3,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  rheumatism. 
Wm.  C.  Mason,  Corporal — Enrolled    at    St.   Albans,  O.,  August    22, 

1862;  died  March  14,  1863,  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  of  brain  fever. 
John  Morehead — Enrolled    at  McKean,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 

April  18,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  dysentery. 
Wm.  J.  Minton — Enrolled  at    Granville,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 

September  2,  1863,  at  Wartrace,  Tenn.,  flux. 


196  Every-day  Soldier  Li/i- :  [Muster-out  Roll 

Solomon    Prikst — Enrolled    at    Jersey,  O.,  August    20,  1862  ;  died 

October  10,  1863,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  ot'  wounds  received  in 

battle. 
Samuki.  L.  RosK,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at    (Iraiiviile,   ().,   August  20, 

1862;  died  October  21,  1863,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds 

received  in  battle  of  Chickamauga. 
John  T.  Cheek — Enrolled  at   St.  Albans,  ().,  August  20,  1862;  died 

October    17,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds    received    in 

battle. 
Madison  C.  Messenger,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at    Harrison,  ().,  Au- 
gust 22.  1862;  died  November  16,  1863,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 

of  wounds  received  in  battle. 
Samuel  Richards — Enrolled  at  Granville,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ;  died 

June  2,  1864,  at  Jefferson ville,  Ind,  of  rheumatism, 
Lorenzo  Barrick — Enrolled    at    St.    Albans,  O.,  August    20,1862; 

died  July  26,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  typhoid  fever. 
Edward  Williams — Enrolled    at    St.  Albans,  O.,  January  28,  1864; 

died  November  20,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  chronic  diarrhea. 
Richard  Brown — Enrolled    at    Columbus,  O.,  September  23,  1864  ; 

died  April  23,  1865,  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  of  spinal  affection. 

DISCHARGED. 

John  Wamsley — Enrolled  at  Cranvillc,  ().,  August  20,  1862;  dis- 
charged June  2,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  order  of  Amsthel, 
discharge  officer. 

Abraham  Barklev — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
discharged  December  14,  1863,  at  Murfreesboro.  Tenn.,  by  order 
of  A.  E.  Ottis. 

Henry  C.  Carlock — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
discharged  May  17,  1864,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of 
Major  General  Heintzleman. 

W.  H.  H.  Avery — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  12,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged November  i,  1863,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  by  order  of 
Major  General  Thomas. 

James  R.  Ladd,  ist  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  August 
25,  1862;  discharged  June  24,  1864,  at  Vinings'  Station,  Ga.,  by 
order  of  Maj.  Gen'l.  Palmer. 

Elias  W.  Showman, — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 
discharged  April  6,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Maj. 
Gen'l  Thomas. 


Company  D.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  197 

Andrew  J.  Powell — Enrolled  at  (rranville,  O.,  August  20,    1862  ; 

discharged   January  9,   1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,   by  order   of 

Maj.   Gen'l.  Thomas. 
George  F.  Nelson — Enrolled  at  Granville,   O.,  August  20;  1862  ; 

discharged   September  27,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of 

Maj.  Gen'l  Thomas. 
Alvin  Drake — Enrolled    at  Columbus,   O.,    September  23,     1864  ; 

discharged  June  22,    1865,  at  Louisville,   Ky.,  by  order  of   Sec. 

War. 
Richard  Chidister — Enrolled  at  St.  Albans,  O.,  January  28,  1864; 

discharged  September  8,  1864  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of 

Maj.  Genl.  Hientzleman. 
John  Eggleston — Enrolled   at  St.  Albans,  O.,  January  28,   1864; 

discharged  May   25,    1865,   at   Columbus,   O.,   by  order  of  Sec. 

War. 
Enos.  Jewell — Enrolled  at  St.   Albans,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged October   19,   1865,  at  New  Albany,    Ind.,    by  order   of 

Maj.  Gen'l.  Rosecrans. 
Horatio  H.    Kneeland — Enrolled    at    Granville,  O.,  August    29, 

1862  ;  discharged  September  30,    1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by 

order  of  Maj.  Gen'l.  Rosecrans. 
Wm.  H.  Starr — Enrolled   at   Granville,  O.,  August    18,    1862  ;  dis- 
charged October  28,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Maj. 

Genl.  Thomas. 
F.  J.  Cressey,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Granville,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ; 

discharged  December  14,  1863,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  by  order 

of  Maj.  Gen'l  Thomas. 

deserted. 

Jerry  Owen — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  October  i,  1862;  deserted 

December  11,  1862,  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 
George  W.  Bowie — Enrolled    at    St.  Albans,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 

deserted  February  i,  1863,  at  Portland,  Ky. 
George  L.    Devilbliss — Enrolled    at   St.    Albans,   O.,  August    22, 

1862;  deserted  February  i,  1863,  at  Portland,  Ky. 
John    E.    Evans — Enrolled    at    Granville,    O.,    August    20,    1862; 

deserted  February  2,  1863,  at  Salt  Creek,  Ky. 
Chas.    M.    Marshell — Enrolled  at    Zanesville,    O.,  December    13, 

1862  ;  deserted  March,  31,  1865,  on  the  campaign  through  S.  C. 


19^"^  Every-iiay  Soltiifi   Lift- :  [Muster-out  Roll 


TRANSKKRRKn. 

(1k()K(;k  Cakdnkk — iMiroUcd    at    Ciianville,    (  ).,    August    20,  1S62; 

transferred    to    V.  R.  C.  Noveml)er,    14,   i<S63,  C'ani])    Dennison, 

().,  l)y  order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
LoVAi.    H.  Clousk — Enrolled    at    (iranville,  ().,  August     19,  1862; 

transferred    lo    Regt.  Non-Commissioned  Staff,  March  12,  1864, 

by  order  of  Colonel  Mitchell.     (Bugler.) 
Srii.i.MAN    Clark — Enrolled    at   St.  Albans,    ().,   .August    20.  1862; 

transferred  to   V^  R.  C.  October   26,    186,3,  at   Cincinnati,  O.,  by 

order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
Isaac  T.  Evans,  Corporal — Enrolled    at   (iranville,  ().,  August   22, 

1862;  transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  December  12,  1863,  at    Nashville, 

Tenn.,  by  order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
Thds.  H.  McBride — Enrolled   at    Bennington,  ().,  August  20,  1862; 

transferred  to  V.  R.  C.    June    26,  1864,  at   Nashville,  Tenn.,  l)y 

order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
Samuki.    H.  Wilcox — Enrolled    at   (rranville,  ().,  August    18,  1862; 

transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  June   27,  1864,  ^it    Murfreesboro,  Tenn., 

by  order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
Alhkrt  Knkeland — Enrolled    at    Granville,  O.,  August   20,    1862  ; 

transferred    to   V.  R.  C.  December    14,  1863,    at    Murfreesboro, 

Tenn,  by  order  of  Secretary  of  War. 


COMPANY    I. 

Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS. 

Captain  Nathan  Straus — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  ().,  Septem- 
ber 6,  1862;  resigned  March  17,  1863;  resignation  accepted  by 
order  of  Major  ( General  Rosecrans. 

Captain  Nelson  Durant — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  April 
2  I,  1863;  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  of  the  U.  S.  on 
account  of  physical  disability,  by  special  order  No.  416  War 
Department  November  25,  1864. 

Captain  John  S.  Skeels — Commissioned  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C,  April  i, 
1865  ;  transferred  from  company  C ;  mustered  out  at  Louisville, 
Ky.,  July  6,  1865.     (See  Roll  C.) 


Company  I.]  History  of  the  iijt/i  O.  V.  I.  199 

First  Lieutenant  Miles  C.  Nolan — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
O.,  September  6,  1862;  resigned  February  2,  1863;  resignation 
accepted  February  2,  1863,  by  order  of  General  Wright,  Com- 
manding Department  of  the  Ohio. 

First  Lieutenant  Ed.  T.  Haynes — Commissioned  at  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  May  2,  1863;  dishonorably  discharged  from  the  service 
March  15,  1864,  by  order  Major  General  Thomas,  Commanding 
Department  of  the  Cumberland. 

First  Lieutenant  Wm.  Grove — Commissioned  at  Avon's  Ferry,  N. 
C,  April  10,  1865  ;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

Second  Lieutenant  Chas.  P.  Garman — Commissioned  at  P'ranklin, 
Tenn.,  May  2,  1863;  appointed  First  Lieutenant  and  transferred 
to  company  A,  by  order  of  Regimental  comma'nder,  March  i,  1864. 

Second  Lieutenant  T.-  D.  Bently — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
O.,  November  5,  1863;  honorably  discharged  from  the  service 
of  the  U.  S.  on  account  of  physical  disability  (caused  by  wounds 
received  in  battle)  by  special   order  No.  338,  War  Dei)artmeni, 

November  25,  1864. 

non-commissioned  officers. 

Arthur  C.  Nash,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October 

4,  1862  ;  mustered  out  vvith  company. 
A.  Straus,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mansfield,  O.,  September  6,  1862  ; 

absent  on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  company. 
Caleb  Gray,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at  Columbus,  O.,  September  29, 

1862  ;   absent  on  furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 
Preston  Goad,  Sergeant — Enrolled   at    Dayton,  O.,   December   25, 

1863  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 

Chas.  V.  McCalla,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October 

17,  1862  ;  mustered  out  with  company. 
Wesley  Straus,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  7,  1864  ; 

mustered  out  with  company. 
J.  C.  Ambrose,   Corporal — Enrolled    at    Cincinnati,  O.,  October  30, 

1862;  absent  on  furlough;   mustered  out  with  company. 
Alfred  Blake,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  28,  1864; 

mustered  out  with  company. 

privates. 

John  Armatrout — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  Sei)teinbcr  17,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 


Every-tiay  SoUicr-LiJc  :  [Muslcr-oul  RuU 


Oscar  K.  Hassiit — Enrolled  ;il  Davton,  ( ).,  l-'cbniary  ii,  1X64; 
absent  sick  in    hospital. 

Hknkv  C'arr — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  Icbruary  10,  1X64;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

K  Ai.i'H  (rah; — Enrolled  at  I  )a}  ton,  ().,  March  iS,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  company. 

John  Doran — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  November  14,  I.S62;  ab- 
sent sick  in  hospital  ;   mustered  out  with  company. 

S(M.o.\i()N  H.  Davis — iMirolled  at  Dayton,  ( ).,  October  2,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  compan)-. 

Francis  Duffy — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Jefferson  Dodso?>^ — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  October  9,  1862; 
absent  sick  in  hospital. 

Andrew  J.  England — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  vSeptember  15, 
1862;  absent  sick  in  hospital. 

Preston  B.  Fisher — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  October  20,  1862  ;  ab- 
sent sick  in  hospital. 

Peter  Fairi. — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  ().,  November  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

David  Cittincs — Enrolled  at  C'olumbus,  O.,  November  i  1,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Henry  Greenachel — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  November  17, 
1862;  mustered  out  with  company. 

Hexrv  HoreK. — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  ().,  October  15,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

Wiemam  Huc.hes — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  September  15,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

William  Hunter — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  1,  1862; 
absent  sick  in  hospital. 

John  I.  Hahn — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  January  23,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  company. 

Andrew  KROMER  —  Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  September  15,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Peter  Mittlestetter — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  September  22, 
1862;  absent  on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  company. 

William  McCain — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  8,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  company.     (Muleteer.) 

Hugh  McCarnev — Enrolled  at  Sandusky,  O.,  December  17,  1863; 
absent  sick  in  hospital. 


Company  I.]  History  of  the  iijl/i  O.  V.  J.  201 

John  J.  Myers— Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  11,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

John  Mchu — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  January  13,  1864;  absent  sick 
in  hospital. 

Patrick  Morris— Enrolled  at  Sandusky,  O.,  December  17,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Elwood  T.  Nickols— Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  September  15, 
1862  ;  absent  sick  in  hospital. 

H.  Ramsbotham— Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  September  26,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Wm.  H.  Taylor — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  1 1,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  company. 

James  L.  Turner — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  ().,  September  14,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Jefferson  Wales — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  October  3,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  company. 

Chas.  Wilson — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  i,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  witlr  company. 

Louts  Wharton — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  21,  1864;  absent 
sick  in  hospital. 

Hiram  Heath — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  4,  1862  ; 
mustered  out ;  erroneously  dropped  from  rolls  as  prisoner  of  war 
since  August  28,  1864. 

Evans  Columbus  (Colored  under-cook) — Enrolled  at  Shelbyville, 
Tenn.,  July  7,  1863  ;  mustered  out  with  the  company. 

killed. 

Wm.  McManus — Enrolled  at   Urbana,   O.,  January   27,  1864;  killed 

in  action  May  9,  1864,  at  Buzzard  Roost,  Ga. 
Ceorge    Kelsey — Enrolled   at    Cincinnati,    O.,    October   15,    1862; 

killed  in  action  September  1,  [864,  at  Jonesboro,  Ga. 
William    Koltman — Enrolled    at    Cincinnati,  O.,  October  i,  1862  ; 

killed  in  action  March  16,  1S65,  at  Averysboro,  N.  C. 


Nicholas  Martin — Enrolled    at    Cincinnati,  O.,  October  23,  1862  ; 

died  February  18,  1863,  at  Muldrough's  Hill,  Ky.,  froze  to  death. 
Jacob    Kelsing — Enrolled    at    Columbus,  O.,  September  15,  1862  ; 

died  April  27,  1863,  at  Franklin,  Tenn.;  congestion  of  the  brain. 


23 


livcry-iiay  Sohiici   Life:  IMusler-oiil  Roll 


Anthony  Drkhk.r — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  September  i8,  1862; 

died   April    :!S,  1.S63,  at     Louisville.  Ky.,  of  inflammatory   rheu. 

niatism. 
Jamks   England — Enrolled    al     Harrisburg,    ().,  October    17,    1862; 

died  July  28,  1863,  at  New  Albany,  Ind.,  of  typhoid  fever. 
Rudolph  Webbkr — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  September  19,  1862; 

died  August  13,  1863,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  of  general  debility. 
Charles  West — Enrolled    at    Columbus,  O.,   September    12,   1862; 

died  March  19,  1864,  at  Rossville,  Ga.,  of  general  debility. 
Erancis    Leehev — Enrolled    at  Cincinnati,  ().,   October    13,  1862  ; 

died  June  28,  1864,  at  Field   Hospital,  Marietta,  Ca.,  of  wounds 

received  in  action  on  the  day  before. 
Thomas  Sweeney — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January   24,  1864;  died 

June  30,  1864,  at  Big  Shanty,  fenn.,  of  disease. 
John  Rooks — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  February  13.  1864;  died  July 

8,  1865,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds. 
Franklin  Elliott — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  30,  1862; 

died  July  6,  1864,  at  Kingston,  Ga.,  of  wourfds. 
Wm.    H.  Coblentz,  Corporal — Enrolled    at    Dayton,  O.,  October  4. 

1862  ;  died  August  19,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds. 
Wm.  McKnight — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  21,  1862;  died 

August  23,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds. 
Michael  Kehoe,  Corporal — Enrolled    at   Dayton,  O.,  October    25, 

1862  ;  died  August  21,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds. 
Henry  Bracke,  Sergeant — Enrolled   at    Cincinnati,  O.,  October    2, 

1862;  died  September  5,  1864,  at    Atlanta,  Ga.,  of  wounds   re- 
ceived at  the  battle  of  Jonesboro.  Ga. 
William  Collins — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January   18,  1864;  died 

September  11,  1864,  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  of  disease. 
John  H.  Duncan — Enrolled   at    Dayton,  O.,  October  6,  1862;  died 

October  15,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 
Jesse  Curtis — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  4,  1864,  died  Octo- 
ber 31,  1864,  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  of  disease. 
Wm.  H.  Barlett — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  February  10,  1864;  died 

July  22,  1864,  at    Hospital    No.  i,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds 

received  in  action. 
Jacob  Meyers,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  Septem- 
ber   13,    1862;  died   July    6,    1864,    at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of 

wou-nds  received  in  action. 


Company  I.]  History  of  the  iijt/i  O.   V.  I.  203 

Charles  Storms — Enrolled    at    Sandusky,  O.,  December  15,  1863  ; 

died  July  25,  1864,  Second    Brigade    Hospital,  Second  Division 

14th,  A    C,  of  disease. 
John  D.  Snyder — Enrolled    at   Columbus,  O.,  September  20,  1862  ; 

died  September  i,  1864,  in  Ambulance  Hospital,  of  disease. 

discharged. 

Wm.  H.  Hoklitt — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  9,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged June  13,  1863,  ^t  Cincinnati,  O.,  by  order  of  Colonel 
Burbank,  commanding  post. 

Geo.  W;  Johnson — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  September  18,  1862  ; 
discharged  February  21,  1863,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order 
of  Colonel  Burbank,  commanding  post. 

Samuel  Gester — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  October  30,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged March  13,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  General 
Rosecrans. 

William  LoBiG — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  29,  1862;  dis- 
charged March  12,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  General 
Rosecrans. 

Anthony  Huber — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  27,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged April  10,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  General 
Rosecrans. 

Geo.  W.  Jewell — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  9,1862;  dis- 
charged April  10,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  General 
Rosecrans. 

Christian  Eichner — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  24,  1862  ; 
discharged  April  20,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  General 
Rosecrans. 

Henry  Carroll — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  November  20, 
1862;  discharged  May  ti,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn,,  by  order 
General  Rosecrans. 

Wm.  Armatrout — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  September  15,  1862; 
discharged  August  3,  1863,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of 
military  commander. 

John  Barry — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  ().,  September  20,  1862;  dis- 
charged April  3,  1865,  at  Quincy,  111.,  by  order  of  S.  F.  Cooper, 
V.  R.  Corps  Military  assistant. 

Louis  Diehl — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  October  10,  1862; 
discharged  September  17,  1864,  at  Camp  Dennison,  ().,  by  order 
of  Major  General  Heintzelman. 


204  Every-day  Soldier  Life:  [Mustcr-oiU  Roll 

Francis  F.  Hendy — Enrolled  at  Cincinnali,  ( ).,  ( )( tober  ii,  1862; 
discharged  February  18,  1865,  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  by  order  of 
Major  (ieneral  Hooker,  for  wounds  received  in  battle  at  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Cla.     (Sergeant.) 

Jamks  Kells,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  CJ.,  October  21.  1S62; 
discharged  March  21,  1865,  at  Camj)  Dennison,  ()..  by  order  of 
Major  Cieneral   Hooker. 

John  F.  Rockafiei.d,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ( ).,  October  4, 
1862;  discharged  March  21,  1865.  at  C'anip  Dennison,  ().,  by 
order  of  Major  (ieneral  Hooker. 

Patrick  Omei.ia — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  16,  1862; 
discharged  April  17,  1865,  at  ("amp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of 
Major  (ieneral   Hooker. 

Peter  BvE — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  September  18,  1862;  dis- 
charged May  30,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of  the 
Surgeon  in  charge. 

William  T.  Johnson — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  ().,  October  i,  1862; 
discharged  May  23,  1865,  at  (,'amp  Dennison,  O.,  byorderof  the 
Surgeon  in  charge. 

Jdhn  B.  Miller  — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  2,  1864;  dis- 
charged May  23,  1865,  at  ("amp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of  the 
Surgeon  in  charge. 

David  Farcells — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg.  (  ).,  September  15,  1862; 
discharged  May  6,  1865,  at  (.'olumbus,  O.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Hooker. 

Joseph  Sherman — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  September  10,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged at  Franklin,  Tenn.;  no  record  of  time  of  discharge  given. 

William  Sells — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  September  15,  1862; 
mustered  out  of  service  of  the  U.  S.  June  9,  1865,  pursuance  to 
general  order  No.  77,  Par.  6,  Adjutant  (ieneral's  office,  dated 
April  28,  1865,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

DKSKRTKl). 

John  Armatroui' — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  September  15,  1862; 

deserted  December  2,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 
John  Donahoe — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  October  19,  1862  ; 

deserted  December  2,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 
R.  H.  Bromage — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  7,  1862;  deserted 

December  29,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 
Rudolph  Bolen — Enrolled    at    Camjj  Dennison,  O.,  September,  15 

1862;  deserted  December  15,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 


Company  1.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  205 

Chas.  H.  Bascomb — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  November  i,  1862  ; 
deserted  December  28,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison  O. 

T.  BuRGHOORST — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  November  22, 
1862;  deserted  January  23,  1863,  at  Camp  Laura,  Ky. 

Elias  O.  Bracke — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  November  4,  1862, 
deserted  February  10,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Joseph  Campbell — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  21,1862; 
deserted  December  4,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Lewis  Collins — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  31,  1862;  de- 
serted December  5,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

William  Finley — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  23,  1862  ; 
deserted  December  15,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

James  HowiTT— Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  15,  1862  ;  de- 
serted December  23,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Jasper  Hauser — Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  November,  17, 
1862  ;  deserted  December  13,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Henry  King — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  30,  1862  ;  deserted 
December  14,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Michael  Kays — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  5,  1862;  de- 
serted February  i,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

James  Leas — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  September  19,  1862;  de- 
serted February  5,  1863,  ^^  Dover,  Tenn. 

J(jHN  I^ANER— Enrolled  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  September  15,  1862; 
deserted  December  13,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.' 

Louis  Mantle — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  September  20,  1862; 
deserted  December  14,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Henry  Massman — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  November  17,  1862; 
deserted  December  2-^,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Richard  McCohev — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  November  22,  1862  ; 
deserted  December  23,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

John  S.  Rhoads — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  September  11,  1862  ;  de- 
serted February  i,  1863,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

Bernard  D.  Shute — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  21,  1862  ; 
deserted  December  2,  1862,  at  Camjj  Dennison,  O. 

Henry  Stone — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  21,  1862;  de- 
serted December  9,  1862,  at  C'amp  Dennison,  O. 

Peter  Skelly — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  September  28,  1862; 
deserted  December  24,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Nathan  T.  Vaughan — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  August  1862; 
deserted  December  28,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 


2o6  Evciy-iiay  Soldier  Life :  [Mustor-oul  Roll 

Thomas  Wiii.iams — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  ().,  Octohcr  20,  1862; 
deserted  December  2,  iS62,at  Canii)  Dennison,  (). 

Hknrv  Wilrurn — Knrolled  at  Cincinnati,  ().,  October  2^,  1.S62; 
deserted  I)eceml)er  r,  1862,  at  Cianip  Dennison,  (). 

J<iHx  Young — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  ().,  November  17,  1862;  de- 
serted December  r,  1862,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Samup:l  H.  RowE — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  18,1864;  de- 
serted November  17,  1864,  at  or  near  Atlanta,  (Ja. 

Russell  Charles — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  November  14,  1862; 
deserted  November  17,  1864,  '^'^  or  near  Atlanta,  (ia. 

Frank  Allkn — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  15,  1864;  deserted 
January  16,  1864,  at  Dayton,  O. 

W^iLLiAM  Hac.artv — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  January  26,  1864;  de- 
serted January  26,  1864,  at  Dayton,  (). 

I.  H.  Hamilton — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  January  i  r,  T864  ;  deserted 
January  n,  1864,  at  Dayton,  O. 

1(^HN  Marshall — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  Fel)ruary  15,  1864;  de- 
serted February  15,  1864,  at  Dayton,  O. 

John  McGrath — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  28,  1864  ;  deserted 
January  28,  1864,  at  Dayton,  O. 

Frank  Nolan — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  December  4,  1863;  deserted 
December  4,  1863,  at  Dayton,  O. 

Thomas  WnriE — Enrolled  at  Hamilton,  O.,  Septeml)er  10,  1862; 
deserted  January  27,  1863,  at  Colesburg,  Ky. 

Thaddeus  Sprague — Enrolled  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  October  20,  1862  ; 
arrested  as  a  deserter  from  the  Twenty-First  Kentucky  Volunteer 
Infantry,  October  24,  1864. 

transferred. 

C.  C.  RuNVAN,  Musician — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  6,  1862  ; 
transferred  September  4,  1863,  to  Non-Commissioned  Staff  of 
113th  O.  V.  I.,  by  order  of  Colonel  Mitchell  commanding. 

Louis  Mangus — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  October  i,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred to  the  Invalid  Corps,  March  22,  1864,  by  order  of 
Secretary  of  War. 

Rudolph  Ankeny — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  Sei^tember  15,  1862  ; 
transferred  to  First  U.  S.  Engineer  Regt.  by  order  of  Secretary 
of  War,  August  13,  1864. 

John  Clark — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  October  4,  1862;  transferred 
to  First  U.  S.  Engineer  Regt.,  August  13,  1864,  by  order  of  Sec- 
retary War. 


Company  C]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  J.  207 

John  N.  Price,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  September  23, 
1862;  transferred  to  First  U.  S.  Engineer  Regt.,  August  13, 
1864,  by  order  of  Secretary  War. 

F.  M.  RiEGEL,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  September  22, 
1862;  transferred  to  Non-Commissioned  Staff,  September  15, 
1864,  as  Commissary  Sergeant,  by  order  of  Regimental  Com- 
mander at  Atlanta,  Ga. 

William  QuiNN — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  ().,  September  15,  1862; 
transferred  to  Vet.  Reserve  Corps,  January  15,  1865,  by  order 
of  Secretary  of  War. 

Wm.  W.  Davis — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  September  12,  1862;  ab- 
sent since  February  12,  1865,  prisoner  of  war. 


COMPANY   C. 

Mu.-iteied  out  al  Louisville,  K)'.,  July  6,  11565. 

COiNIiMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

Captain  Wm.  C.  Peck — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  12, 
1862;  resigned  March  17,  1863. 

Captain  Joshua  M.  Wells — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Tenn., 
April  19,  1863;  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Tenn., 
September  20,  1863. 

Captain  Lucus  S.  AVlndlf. — Commissioned  near  Marietta,  (ra., 
June  25,  1864;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

First  Lieutenant  Samuel  A.  Hughes — Commissioned  at  Colum- 
bus, O.,  August  12,  1862  ;  resigned  January  28,  1863. 

First  Lieutenant  George  W.  Holmes — Commissioned  at  Frank- 
lin, Tenn.,  April  19,  1863;  died  of  wounds  received  in  battle, 
September  20,  1863. 

First  Lieutenant  John  S.  Skeels — Commissioned  at  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  February  i,  1864;  promoted  to  Captain;  transferred  to 
Company  I,  April  1,  1865. 

First  Lieutenant  A.  M.  Grafton — Commissioned  at  Washington, 
D.  C".,  May  26,  1865  ;  promoted  from  First  Sergeant  Company 
F". ;  transferred  May  26,  1865;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky., 
July  5,  1865. 


2o8  Every-tiay  Soldier -Lije :  LMiister-oul  KoU 

NON-COM MISSION'KU  OKKICKKS. 

Jdiin  1,.  I'l.owKKs,  First  Sergeant — Knrolled  at  Colunihus,  ().,  August 

i^^,  1S62:   i)roni()tecl  First   Sergeant   fniin   Second  Sergeant    May 

17,  1S65;  absent  on  furlough. 
Jamks  R.  'l'oi'riN(;,  Sergeant — Enrolled    at    \\ Orthinglun,  ().,  August 

12,  1862;  mustered  out  witli  Companx. 
C'rKo.  A.    I'iNdRKK,  Sergeant — Enrolled   at    W'orthinglon,  ().,  August 

12,  1862;  absent  on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
M.   V.  B.   LiTTi.K,  Sergeant — Enrolled   at   Clinton,  ().,  August    19, 

1862;    promoted    from   Corporal    May    17,    1865;    mustered    out 

with  Company. 
Nelson  Foos,  Sergeant  —  iMirolled  at  Columbus,  ( ).,  August  13,  1862; 

promoted  from  Corporal  May  17,  1865  ;  niustercd  out  with  Com- 
pany. 
.Xi.i'.KRr  FiKi.i),  Corporal — iMirolled  at  ('linton,  ().,  .August  20,  1862; 

absent  in  hospital  since  June  22,  1864. 
Elias  J.  Beers,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  ().,  August  18,  1862  ; 

absent  in  hospital  since  June  27,  1864. 
Chas.  C.  Clements,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Orange,  ().,  August   21, 

1862;  absent  on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
loNAs  Orders,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August  12,  1862  ; 

absent  on  furlough ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Thos.  Goldsmith,  Corjjoral — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  .Vugust  21, 

1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
James   'X .    Bakkr,   C^orporal — Enrolled    at   ("linton,   O.,   August    20, 

1862;   promoted  from  the  ranks  to  date,  April    17,  1865  ;  absent 

on  furlough;   mustered  out  with  Company. 
Wnl  Simmons,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Blendon,  ().,  August  21,   1862  ; 

promoted  from  the  ranks  to  date  May  17,  1865  ;  mustered  out 

with  Company. 
Geo.  B.  LoMERSON,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August   12, 

1862  ;  promoted  from  the  ranks  to  date  May  17,  1865  ;  mustered 

out  with  Company. 

PRIVATES. 

Charles  Alden — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  November    16,  1863; 

returned  prisoner  of  war;  mustered  out  with  C'ompany. 
James  M.  Anderson — Enrolled   at   Jackson,  O.,  August    12,    1862; 

absent  in  hospital  since  June  22,   1864;    absent  on    furlough; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 


Company  C]  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  209 


John   W.  Baker— Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Wm.  E.  Bacon — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  12,  1862;  absent  on 
furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  Brennan — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  January  4,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Minor  Crippin — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  ().,  August  13,  1862;  absent  in 
hospital  since  February  12,  1863. 

Wm.  E.  Fearing — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August   12,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Uavid    J.  Green— Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  21,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Theodore  G.  Gantz — Enrolled  at   Jackson,  O.,  August   12,   1862; 
as  nurse  at  general  field  hospital,  August  2,  1864. 

Henry   Git.es — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  ().,  September  10,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Hiram  Harter — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Patrick  Hallaran — Enrolled  at  Springfield,  O.,  December  3,  1863  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John   E.  Lafler — Enrolled   at  Sharon,  O.,  August   13,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

William    Lukp: — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  November    r6,   1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Hiram    V.   Malott — Enrolled    at   Jackson,  ().,  August    13,   1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Micheal  Murphy — Enrolled  at  Green  County,  O.,  February  3,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Christian  Ortman — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  October  24,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Joshua  Priest — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August    12,    1862;    mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Isaac  Peck — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  ().,  August   21,   1862;    mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Robert  Peoples — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

James  Parks — Enrolled  at  Osborne,  O.,  February   8,  1864;  absent 
in  hospital  since  June  27,  1864. 

Joseph  Ridgwav — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  13,  1862;    mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

24 


210  Every-day  Soldier  Life :  [Muster-out  Roll 

AiiAM  M.  Rannkhkrger — Enrolled  at  I'erry,  O.,  August  13,  1H62; 
mustered  out  with  ("01111)^111). 

Stephen  Smith— Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August  12,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  C'onii)any. 

(rEO.  SuNDKRLANi) — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  ().,  August  20,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

>"ernand()  Swic.KR — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August  15,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Martin  Scanti.in — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  February  5,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Michaei,  Sharkey — Enrolled  at  Green  County,  ().,  February  8, 
1864;  absent  in  hospital  since  June  27,  1864. 

Daniel  Weygandt — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August  12,  1862: 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Charles  Wright — Enrolled  at  Perry  County,  ().,  August  21,  1862; 
sick  in  hospital. 

Henry  Wilson — Enrolled  at  Sandusky,  O.,  December  10,  1863;  ab- 
sent in  hospital  since  June  27,  1862. 

William  Zinn — Enrolled  at  (linton,  O.,  August  21,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

DIED. 

John   G.   Perkins — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  U.,   August   22,    1862; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  February   15,  1863,  of   disease  of   the 

brain. 
John  A.  Weygandt — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  September  13,  1862; 

died    at    Franklin,  Tenn.,   February    20,    1863,   disease    of    the 

brain. 
Wm.  Anderson — FLnroUed  at  Sharon,  ().,  August    16,  [862;    died  at 

F^ranklin,  Tenn.,  March  9,  1863,  of  consumption. 
John  Royal — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August    15,    1862;    died   at 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  9,  1863,  of  measles. 
Wm.  Mellon— Enrolled  at   Jackson,  O.,  August   13,  1862;    died  at 

Franklin,  Tenn.,  March  27,  1863,  of  typhoid  fever. 
John   H.  Price — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  died  at 

Franklin,  Tenn.,  April  i,  1863,  of  brain  fever. 
Geo.   Harter — Enrolled  at   Sharon,  O.,  August    20,  1862;  died   at 

Franklin,  Tenn.,  April  8,  1863,  of  congestion  of  the  lungs. 
[ames   M.  Clements — Enrolled  at   Orange,  ().,  August   20,   1862 

died  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  April  11,  1863,  of  camp  fever. 


Company  C]  History  of  the  iijth  O.   V.  1.  2il 

John  E.  Williams — Enrolled  at  Perry,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  died  at 

Franklin,  Tenn.,  April  16,  1863,  of  disease  of  the  heart. 
Thos.  Spillman — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August    13,  1862;  died 

at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  4,  1863,  of  diarrhoea. 
VVm.  H.  H.  Goldsmith — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August    13,  1862; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  22,  1863,  of  typhoid  fever. 
John   Bover — Enrolled   at   Jackson,  O.,  August   12,   1862;  died  at 

Stevenson,  Ala.,  October  is  i,  1863,  from  wounds  received  in  battle. 
Samuel  H.  Burwell — Enrolled  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O.,  August  15, 

1862;  died  at  Covington,  Ky.,  January  3,  1864,  of  small-pox. 

killed. 

Wm.  J.  Kaaran,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  O.,  August  15,  1862  ; 

killed  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
MoROLOUS  Wilcox — Enrolled  at  Liberty,  O.,  August  21,  1862  ;  killed 

at  Chickamauga,  Tenn.,  September  20,  1863. 
Lewis  C.  Baker — Enrolled  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O.,  November  15, 

1862  ;  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Titus  Chamberlin — Enrolled  at  Perry,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  killed 

near  Marietta,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
John  Martin — Enrolled   at   Green   County,  O.,  Febi"uary   8,  1864; 

killed  near  Marietta,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
Hiram  Wilcox — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August    18,   1862  ;    killed 

near  Marietta,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 
James   Hiser,  Corporal — Enrolled   at   Perry,  O.,  August   21,   1862; 

died  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  February  26,  1864,  of  a  gun-shot  wound 

received  in  battle. 
Andrew  Connolley — Enrolled  at  Osborne,  O.,  February    10,  1864; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  15,  1864,  of   wounds  received  in 

action. 
Anson    W.  Benedict — Enrolled    at    Columbus,   O.,   November    i6, 

1863;  died  at  Kingston,  Ga.,  August  28,  1864,  of  dysentery. 
Robert  Brittin — Enrolled  at  Clark  County,  O.,  January  19,  1864; 

died  at  Lookout  Mountain,  Tenn.,  October  11,  1864,  of   chronic 

diarrhoea. 
Wm.  Cunningham — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  January  14,  1864;  died 

near  Savannah,  Ga.,  December  14,  1864,  of  diarrhoea. 
David  Neal — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  September  18,  1862;  died  at 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  August    30,   1864,  from   wounds   received  in 

action. 


212  Every-day  Soldier  Life :  [Muster-oiU  Roll 

James  Auhott — Enrolled  ;it  (oiuinbus,  ().,  November  i6,  1863; 
died  at  Savannah,  (la..  Doc  i-niher  30,  1864,  of  chronic  diarrhoea. 

\I1SSIN(;   IN   ACTION. 

Pktkr  Gerba — Enrolled  at  Camp  Zanesvillc,  ().,  November  10,  1862  ; 
missing  in  action  September  21,  1863. 

DISCHARGED. 

Levi  Tucker — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  discharged 
at  Columbus,  O.,  for  disability,  by  Captain  Dod,  February  20, 
1863. 

Morris  Percell — Enrolled  at  Hamilton,  O.,  August  21,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  13,  1863;  rui)ture;  order  of 
Major  General  Rosecrans. 

John  L.  B.  Wiswell — Enrolled  at  Perry,  ().,  August  14,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  14,  1863,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 

Benton  Hiser — Enrolled  at  Perry,  O.,  August  21,  1862;  discharged 
at  Columbus,  O.,  March  28,  1863,  by  order  of  Captain  Dod. 

WiLBER  (1  Booth,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  13, 
1862;  discharged  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  i,  1863,  by  order  of 
Major  General  Rosecrans. 

Edward  W.  Bishop — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  ().,  August  12,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  4,  1863,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 

Thos.  Spillman — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  4,  1863,  of  chronic  diarrhoea. 

Wm.  H.  Langstaff — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 
discharged  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  June  23,  1863;  order  of 
military  commander. 

George  Lemon — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  13,  1863,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 

Wm.  Hickman — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  discharged 
at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  June  23,  1863,  by  order  of  military  com- 
mander. 

John  Casey — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  May  i,  1863;  dis- 
charged at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  December  22,  1863,  special 
order  War  Department  No.  529. 


Company  C]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  J.  213 

George  Muzzy — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Louisville,  Ky.,  J"ly  23,  1863  ;  disability,  by  order  of 
Major  General  Rosecrans. 

John  W.  White  — Enrolled  at  Sharon,  O.,  August  16,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged at  New  Albany,  Ind.,  February  22,  1865  ;  disability,  by 
order  of  Major  General  Rosecrans. 

John  A.  Glenn,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  21, 
1862;  discharged  at  Columbus,  O.,  May  17,  1865,  from  wounds 
received  in  action,  by  order  of  Major  General  Hooker. 

John  W.  Brink,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  12,  1862; 
discharged  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  May  20,  1865,  ^om  wounds 
received  in  action,  by  order  of  Major  General  Hooker. 

Wm.  p.  Souder,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Worthington,  O.,  August  21, 
1862;  wounded  June  27,  1864;  discharged  at  Camp  Dennison, 
O.,  May  26,  1865  ;  mustered  out  by  order  of  War  Department; 
disability,  by  order  of  Adjutant  General,  May  18,  1865. 

James  Sullivan — Enrolled  at  Sandusky,  O.,  December  10,  1863  ; 
discharged  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  May  29,  1865  !  disability,  by 
order  of  Adjutant  General  of  Ohio,  May  18,  1865. 

Isaac  N.  Strohm — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  15,  1865,  by  order  of  Adjutant 
General  of  Ohio,  May  18,  1865. 

transferred. 

John  W.  Rocky — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  21,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Zanesville,  O.,  December  6,  1862,  by  order  of  Colonel 
James  A.  Wilcox. 

Barnett  Tolliver — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  20,  1862; 
transferred  at  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  November  i,  1863,  by  order  of 
Secretary  of  War. 

Elijah  Thrailkill — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  15,  1862; 
transferred  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  September  i,  1863,  to  invalid 
corps.  Adjutant  General  order  302. 

Samuel  Lippert — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  12,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  September  i,  1863,  to  invalid  corps, 
Adjutant  General  order  301. 

William  H.  Smith — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  19,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  September  3,  1863,  to  invalid  corps. 
Adjutant  General  order  321. 


2  14  ^very-day  SoUier  Lijt- :  f  M  uster-oiit  Roll 

(."has.  Mokc.xn  —  l*',ni(>llc(l  ;il  Terry,  ().,  Auj^usl  15,  1S62;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tcnn.,  January  2<S,  1S64,  to  invalid  (orjts, 
Adjutant  (leneral  order  24. 

I  AMKs  Writ. HI" — KnroUed  at  (layborn,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  November  i,  1S63,  to  invalid  corjjs, 
Adjutant  (General  order  352. 

C"i  AKK  W.  C'oi  iKELi. — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  12,  1864; 
transferred  at  Rossville,  (ia.,  Ajiril  6,  1864,  by  order  of  Major  I,. 
S.  Sullivani. 

Koirr.  S.  Smith — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  ().,  August  16,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  27,  1864,  to  Engineer  Corps,  by 
order  of  Major  (ieneral  Thomas. 

CriiiiKRT  W.  Brink — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  ().,  August  12,  1862; 
transferred  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  1,  1864,10  Invalid  Corjis, 
Adjutant  General  order  188. 

Francis  Kihbv — Enrolled  at  Worthington,  ().,  August  15,  1862  ; 
transferred  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  1,  1864,10  Invalid  Cori)s, 
Adjutant  General  order  188. 

Eemuki,  Spill.man — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  i,  1864,  to  Invalid  Corps,  .Adju- 
tant General  order  188. 

Samuel  Spillman — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  15,  1864,  to  Invalid  Corps, 
Adjutant  General  order  93. 

Isaac  N.  Hobii.l — P^nrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  14,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Rossville,  Ga.,  April  25,  1864,  by  order  of  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Warner. 

\\M.  A.  M.  Davis,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Worthington,  ().,  August 
21,  1862;  transferred  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  September  23,  1864,  by 
order  of  Captain  Jones. 

George  Wep.er — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  trans- 
ferred at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  April  10,  1864,  to  Invalid  Corps  Pay- 
master, General  Circular  150. 

John  Murphy — Enrolled  at  Osborne,  ().,  February  10,  1864;  trans- 
ferred at  Columbus,  O.,  January  24,  1865,  to  Invalid  Corps  Pay- 
master, General  Circular  183. 

DESERTED. 

Augusta  Maiks — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  18,  1862  ;  de- 
serted at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  28,  1862. 


Company  H.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  215 

Washington  O'Neil — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
deserted  at  Portland,  Ky.,  February  i,  1863. 

James  Smiley — Enrolled  at  Clinton,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  deserted 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  February  9,  1863. 

John  C.  Waitlz — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ;  de- 
serted at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  April  25,  1863. 

Geo.  F.  Shaply — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  November  24,  1863; 
deserted  while  being  transferred  to  regiment. 

Cromwell  W.  Porter — Enrolled  at  Erie  County,  O.,  December  21, 
1863;  deserted  while  being  transferred  to  regiment. 

James  Coady — Enrolled  at  Clark  County,  O.,  January  19,  1864;  de- 
serted near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  14,  1864. 

Thos.  Brennan — Enrolled  at  Sandusky,  O.,  December  10,  1863; 
deserted  near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  14,  1864. 

John  Franklin  (colored  under  cook) — Enrolled  at  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  October  1,  1863;  deserted  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  June 
22,  1864. 

Robert  Valentine  (colored  under  cook)- — -Enrolled  at  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  October  i,  1863;  deserted  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  January  20, 
1865. 


COMPANY    H. 

Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
COMMISSIONED    OEFICERS. 

Captain  L.  S.  Sullivant — Commissioned  at  Zanesville,  O.,  Novem- 
ber 13,  1862;  promoted  to  Major  May  6,  1863,  vice  Major  D.  B. 
Warner,  promoted. 

Captain  Otway  Watson — Commissioned  at  Triune,  Tennessee,  May 
16,  1863;  promoted  to  Major  June  12,  1865,  vice  Major  L. 
S.  Sullivant,  resigned. 

Captain  James  R.  Ladd — Commissioned  at  Washington,  D.  C,  lune 
II,  1865  ;  promoted  to  Major  June  12,  1865,  vice  Otway  Watson, 
promoted;  absent  on  leave  since  July  2,  1865;  mustered  out  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

First  Lieutenant  George  Sinclair — Commissioned  at  Zanesville, 
O.,  September  16,  1S62;  resigned  February  6,  1S64;  resignation 
accepted  by  Major  General  Thomas. 

First  Lieutenant  Cyrus  G.  Platt — Commissioned  at  Chattanooga, 
Tennessee,  February  24,  1864;  killed  June  15,  1864,  near  Ken- 
nesaw  Mountain. 


2i6  Eve ly -day  Soldier- Life  :  [Muster-out  Roll 

First  Lieutenant  D.  H.  Chatfiei.d — Commissioned  at  (loldsboro. 
North  Carolina,  March  15,  1865;  mustered  out  at  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  July  6,  1865;  transferred  from  Company  E ;  died  at 
lionie,  near  Woodstock,  O.,  August  19,  1869,  aged  36  years. 

Second  Lieutenant  (iEORCE  W.  Hoi.ms — Commissioned  at  Zanes- 
ville,  D.,  August  30,  1862;  mustered  out  to  accept  a  commission 
as  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  C,  April   19,  1863. 

NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

W'lLi.iAM  RoMosiER,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  Ohio, 
August  23,  1862;  absent  on  furlough  since  June  27,  1865  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

WiLLiA.M  H.  Brunk,  Second  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Duljlin,  O., 
August  12,  1862;  absent  on  detached  service  since  February  12, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

David  O.  Mull,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at   Franklinton,  O.,  August  22, 

1862;  absent  wounded   since  June  27,  1864;  lost   right  arm  at 

Kenesaw  ;  left  arm  wounded  same  time. 
•» 

Robert  E.  Lennox,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at   Zanesville,  ().,  (October 

11,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

(iEORGK  Ashton,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at   Columbus,  ().,  Sejjtember 

12,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

GEORf:E   W.  Pritchard,  Corporal — Enrolled   at    Dublin,  ().,  August 

21,  1862;    mustered    out    with    Comjjany.     'i'aken    prisoner    at 
Chickamauga. 

J.  Carrier,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  ().,  August  11,  1862;  ab- 
sent wounded  since  September  20,  1863. 
William  H.  Holmes,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  ().,  August 

22,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

|.   R.   Brunk,  Corporal — Enrolled  at    Dublin,  ().,  August   3,    1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Henry  Dewitt,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  22, 

1862;  absent  sick  since  June  27,  1864.     Captured  at  Kenesaw. 
Chas.   H.  Sprague,  Corporal — Enrolled   at    Dublin,  ().,  August   12, 

1862;  absent  on  furlough  since  June  25,    1865;   mustered   out 

with  Company. 
James   McManees,  Corporal — Enrolled   at    Franklinton,  ().,  August 

12,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Hugh  H.  Mitchell,  Corporal — Enrolled  at   Dublin,  C).,  August  8, 

1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 


Company  H.]  History  0/  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  217 

PRIVATES. 

Lewis  Andrews — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  6,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Noah  C.  Bretton — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  11,  1862  ;  absent 
sick  in  Columbus,  O.,  since  December  1,  1864. 

Frank  Buttles — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  12,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  Elfert — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  October  11,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Henry  B.  Planner — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  October  11,  1862; 
absent  sick  since  January  r,  1863. 

Peter  S.  Frances — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  11,  1864; 
absent  on  furlough  since  June  27,  1865. 

Wm.  S.  Grace — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  14,  1862  ;  absent 
sick  since  September  29,  1864;  mustered  out  by  General  Order 
No. .77  of  War  Department. 

James  Gooden — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  December  9,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

David  Hudson — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  14,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

.Samuel  Holt — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  March  4,  1865;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Chas.  H.  Jenkins — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  O.,  August  23,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Peter  L.  Jones — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  I^ecember  9,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

James  A.  Keller — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  C).,  June  14,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

William  Keller — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  O.,  August  17,  1862; 
absent  on  furlough  since  June  25,  1865. 

Lorenzo  Kates — Enrolled  at  Worthington,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 
absent  wounded  since  June  27,  1864. 

Augustus  Leshite — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  O.,  August  14,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Jesse  Lumijard — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  O.,  November  14,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Garland  McKiensey — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  July  20,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

William  Mock — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  absent 
sick  since  September  13,  1863. 

25 


»i8  Every-day  SoliHci  L\/( :  [Muster-oul  Roll 

MicHAKi.  MooNKV — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  September  lo,  1862  ; 
absent  on  furlough  since  June  27,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  Com- 
pany. 

Enoch  E.  Mulkord — Enrolled  ai  Zane^ville,  O.,  October  10,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Jesse  Mussleman — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  C).,  September  13,  1862; 
absent  on  furlough  since  June  30,  [865  ;  mustered  out  with 
Company. 

Henry  Pfoutch — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  February  14,  18O4; 
absent  on  furlough  since  June  9,  1865.     (Musician.) 

Daniel  Robiuns — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  C).,  November  j2,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  Romosier — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  ab- 
sent on  furlough  since  June  25,  1865. 

Manuel  Stults — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Thomas  VanSise — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  12,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Joseph  Twigg — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  21,  1862  ;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Cicero  Williamson — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  2,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Gerard  A.  Wing — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  6,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Nathaniel  B.  Yeazle — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  July  20,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

David  Pointer  (under-cook) — Enrolled  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  March 
2,  1863;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

PoMPEY  Pointer  (under-cook)-^Enrolled  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
October  31,  1863  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

KILLED. 

Calvin   D.  Chellis,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August   12, 

1862;  killed  September  20,  1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
John   W.  Carter,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August 

22,  1862;  killed  in  action  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain, 

Georgia. 
James  Ellis — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  October  20,    1862  ;    killed 

in  action  September  20,  1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
Freeman  Dulen — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  killed 

in  action  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  (ra. 


Company  H.]  History  of  the  113th  O.   V.J.  219 

MiCHAEi,    O'CoNNELL — Enrolled   at   Camp   Chase,   O.,   August   22, 

1862;  killed  in  action  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Andrew  J.  Rhodes — Enrolled  at  Franklinton,  O.,  August  11,  1862  ; 

killed  in  action  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Eugene  H.  Palin — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  0.,  August   12,  1862  ; 

killed  in  action  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
John   McCauly — Enrolled   at   Zanesville,  O.,  November   11,1862; 

killed  in  action  September  20,  1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
Elisha  Stetler — Enrolled   at   Camp  Chase,  O.,  August    19,  1862; 

killed  in  action  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 

DIED. 

William   Sinsel — Enrolled   at   Dublin,  O.,  August    12,   1862;  died 

February  9,  1863,  in  hospital  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  of  brain  fever. 
Godfrey   Snyder — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 

died  March  30,   1863,  in  hospital  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  camp 

lever. 
Thomas   Perry — Enrolled   at   Dublin,   O.,   August   21,    1862;  died 

January    12,   1863,  in   hospital   at   Franklin,  Tenn.,  of  chronic 

diarrhea. 
Benj.  F.  Townsend — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  11,  1862  ; 

died  August    8,   1863,    in    hospital    at    Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  of 

chronic  diarrhea. 
Joseph   Bell — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  October   18,  1862;  died 

July  12,  1864,  in  hospital  at  Dalton,  Ga.,  of  pneumonia. 
Francis  M.  Cloud — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  23,  1862; 

died  June  30,  1864,  in  hospital  at  Big  Shanty,  (ra.,  of  wounds 

received  at  Kenesaw. 
Volney  Holycross — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  14,  1862  ; 

died    November    i,    1863,    in    hospital    at    Bridgeport,    Ala.,   of 

chronic  diarrhea. 
E.  C.  KiMBROUGH — Enrolled   at   Morgantown,  Tenn.,  December  6, 

1863;  died  March  9,  1865,  in  hospital  at  Wilmington,  N.  C,  of 

disability. 
George  Wilson — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  September  10,  1862;  died 

September  6,  1864,  in  hospital  at  Columbus,  O.,  of  wounds. 

DISCHARGED. 

John  McNamara,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  October  ri, 
1862;  discharged  January  30,  1864,  at  Columbus,  O.,  by  order 
of  Major  General  Hientzleman. 


220  Eveiy-day  Soldier  Life :  [Muster-out  Roll 

Morris  Ha  key,  Musician — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  September  9, 
1862;  discharged  November  22,  1863,  at  Chattanooga.  Tenn.,  l)y 
order  of  Major  Ceneral  Halleck. 

Robert  Cramer — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  ( ).,  August  15,  1862;  dis- 
charged April  27,  1863,  at  Cohiinbus,  ().,  by  order  of  Medical 
Director. 

Bazii.  Green — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  21,  1862;  dis- 
charged December  30,  1862,  at  C'olumbus,  ().,  by  writ  of  Habeas 
Corpus. 

Thomas  Hatkiei.u — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  September  29,  1862  ; 
discharged  December  30,  1862,  at  Zanesville,  O.,  by  certificate  of 
Surgeon. 

Joseph  Hague — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  ().,  August  11,  1862;  dis- 
charged April  20,  1863,  at  Quincy,  Illinois,  by  Medical  Director 
U.  S.  A. 

Jesse  Kent — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  11,  1862;  dis- 
charged May  26,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of  War 
Department. 

Henry  Leeshite — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  ().,  August  18,  1862; 
discharged  December  30,  1862,  at  Columbus,  O.,  by  writ  of 
Habeas  Corpus. 

William  Keehn — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  16,  1862; 
Discharged  January  7,  1865,  at  Columbus,  ().,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Hooker. 

Jonathan  Looker — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  16,  1862; 
discharged  December  26,  1863,  at  Madison,  Ind.,  by  order  of 
Medical  Director  U.  ^.  A. 

Jonathan  Moats — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  19,  1862  ; 
discharged  May  15,  1864,  at  Madison,  Ind.,  by  order  of  Surgeon's 
certificate. 
Daniel  Hiler — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  8,  1862;  discharged 
July  8,  1863,  at  Shelby  ville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  General  Rosecrans. 
John   Ulry — Enrolled   at   Zanesville,  ().,  November    1,   1862;  dis- 
charged May  21,   1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 
Russell  Rhodes — Enrolled   at   Franklinton,  O.,  August   2,    1862; 
discharged   May   7,    1865,  at   C^olumbus,  O.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Hooker. 
Samuel    Rhinehart — Enrolled    at    Columbus,   O.,  September    30, 
1864,  discharged;  mustered  out  June  22,  1865,  Louisville,  Ky., 
by  General  Order  of  War  Department,  May  18,  1865. 


Company  H.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  221 

Thomas  Watson — Enrolled  at  Dayton,  O.,  August  9,  1864  ;  mus- 
tered out  June  22,  1865,  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  General  Order  of 
War  Department,  May  18,  1865. 

Cyrus  H.Turner — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged April  22,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 

deserted. 

Lorenzo  Dulen — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  12,  1862;  de- 
serted January  28,  T863,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

Frederick.  Duvall — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  de- 
serted December  13,  1862,  Zanesville,  O. 

Henry  Fike — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  de- 
serted December  14,  1864,  Zanesville,  O. 

Jacob  Gardner — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  December  10,1862; 
deserted  December  15,  1862,  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

William  Johnson — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  20,  1862; 
deserted  December  21,  1862,  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

William  K.  Johnson — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  21, 
1862;  deserted  December  21,  1862,  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Robert  Miller — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  22,  1862; 
deserted  December  16,  1862,  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

John  W.  Rocky — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 
deserted  December  14,  1862,  Camp  Zanesville,  O. 

John  Ross — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  25,1862;  de- 
serted December  14,  1862,  Zanesville,  O. 

James  Valentine — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  10,  1862  ; 
deserted  December  20,  1862,  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

John  Wetherby — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 
deserted  June  28,  1863,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Thomas  Wood — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  December  10,  1862  ;  de- 
serted December  15,  1862,  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

J.  M.  Morrison — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  deserted 
July  25,  1864,  near  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  supposed  deserted  to  the 
enemy ;  received  notice  of  his  exchange. 

Leonard  Keetzleman — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  11,  1862; 
deserted  July  25,  1864,  near  Atlanta,  Ga.;  supposed  deserted  to 
the  enemy  ;  received  notice  of  his  exchange ;  serving  life  sen- 
tence in  Ohio  Penitentiarv  since  November,  1882. 


222  Every-day  Soldier  Life :  [Muster-out  Roll 

TRANSKERKKl). 

\\\i.  C'lROVE,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O. .September  12, 
1862;  transferred  April  10,  1865,  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C,  to  Com- 
pany I,  113th  ().  \.  I.,  and  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant. 

James  L.  Bi.akely — Enrolled  |at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1862; 
transferred  December  18,  1862,  at  Zanesville,  O.,  to  Comi)any 
B,  by  order  of  Colonel  James  A.  Wilcox. 

A.  J.  McClelland — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  12,  1862;  trans- 
ferred February  15,  1864,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  order  of  Secre- 
tary of  War,  to  Invalid  Corps. 

Jerome  L.  Robv — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  December  5,  1862  : 
transferred  December  18,  1862,  at  Zanesville,  O.,  to  Company 
B,  by  order  of  Colonel  James  A.  Wilcox. 

Daniel  McEowen — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  August  21,  1862  ! 
transferred  February  15,  1864,  at  Madison,  Ind.,  by  order  of 
Secretary  of  War,  to  Invalid  Corps. 

Leander  Pancost — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  October  31,  1862; 
transferred  December  18,  1862,  at  Zanesville,  O.,  to  Company 
F,  by  order  of  Colonel  James  A.  Wilcox. 

Harrison  Keller — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  ().,  August  13,  1862; 
transferred  July  25,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  to  Engineer 
Corps,  by  order  of  Secretary  of  War. 

James  Hunter — Enrolled  at  Dublin,  O.,  August  14,  1862;  trans- 
ferred February  18,  1864,  at  Madison,  Ind.,  to  Invalid  Corps,  by 
order  of  Secretary  of  War. 


COMPANY  E. 

Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 
COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

Captain   John   F.   Riker — Commissioned  at   St.  Paris,  ().,  August 

14,  1862  ;  resigned  May  15,  1863. 
Captain  John  Bowersock — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  June 

I,  1863;  killed  in  action   near  Marietta,  Ga.,  June   27,   1864; 

buried  at  St.  Paris,  Ohio.      Original  First  Lieutenant. 
Captain  Joseph  Swisher — Commissioned  near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August 

3,   1864;    resigned    June    5,    1865;    promoted    to    the    rank   of 

Major.     Original  First  Sergeant. 


Company  E.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  223 

Captain  Geo.  McCrea — Commissioned  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  12, 
1865;  promoted  from  First  Lieutenant  June  12,  1865;  com- 
manding company  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865  ; 
was  made  Second  Sergeant  at  the  original  company  organiza- 
tion. 

First  Lieutenant  Alexander  Carpenter — Commissioned  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  June  12,  1865  ;  promoted  from  First  Sergeant 
June  12,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  Company.     (See  B  roll.) 

Second  Lieutenant  H.  N.  Benjamin — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
O.,  August  14,  1862  ;  promoted  from  Second  Lieutenant  to  First 
Lieutenant ;  transferred  to  Company  B,  1 13th  O.  V.  L,  January 
13?  '863;  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
(See  B  roll.) 

NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

|.  N.  Hall,  First  Sere;eant — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16, 
1862;  original  Fourth  Sergeant;  prisoner  of  war,  captured  at 
Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863;  remained  a  prisoner 
of  war  nineteen  months  and  eight  days.  (See  Hall's  Prison 
Life.) 

M.  L.  Stratton,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16, 
1862;  mustered  out  with  Company;    original  Second  Corporal. 

F.  McAdams,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  15,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company ;  promoted  to  Sergeant  at  White- 
hall, Ga.,  September  26,  1864. 

Wm.  M.  Grafton,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  August  22,  1862; 
promoted  from  Corporal  to  date  May  27,  1865  ;  mustered  out 
with  Company. 

J.  G.  Kite,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Westville,  O.,  August  21,1862; 
promoted  from  First  Corporal  July  i,  1865  ;  absent  on  furlough  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Ernest  Snyder,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November 
13,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company.  (German.)  Taken 
prisoner  at  Sandersville,  Ga. 

J.  H.  Girard,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  17, 
1862  ;  absent  on  furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

J.  H.  Johnson,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  AugUst  22,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  G.  Ganson,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  March  28,  1864  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Recruit.) 

J.  Merica,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  17,  1862; 
promoted  from  private  May  27,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  Com- 
pany. 


2  24  Evcry-tlay  Holiiiet-Li/e :  [Musler-oul  Roll 

PRIVATES. 

Jessk  Aubott — Knrolled  at  Zanesvillc,  C).,  November  20,  1862;  ab- 
sent sick  since  September  20,  1863,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.; 
wounded  at  Chickamauga,  and  left  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

Harrison  H.  Ai.sTAor — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  March  8,  1865; 
mustered  out  with  Company.      (Recruit.) 

Prue  T.  Bowman — Knrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  .August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Sa.mi;ei.  liisnoi* — Knrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  .\ugust  20,  1SO2;  absent 
on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Anthony  Bishop — Knrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Comj^any. 

Leonard  Bishop — Knrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  (>.,  October  16,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Samuel  1.  Beck — Knrolled  at  St.  Paris,  (J.,  .\ugust  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Wm.  C.  Brinnon — Knrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  ().,  August  18,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company.      (Deceased.) 

Sullivan  W.  Buck. — Knrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  11,  1862; 
absent  sick  since  November  10,  1864. 

Jesse  Brown — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  10,  1864;  absent 

on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  Comj)any.     (Recruit.) 
Ieremiah    Bair — Knrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  February    17,    1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.    Recruit  and  veteran.    (Musician.) 

William  Cisco — Knrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  August  17,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

|oHN  H.  Craig — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  C).,  March  28,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company.     (Recruit.) 

Milton  C.  Doak — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  August  16,  1862  ; 
absent  on  furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  Company  ;  died  near 
Mechanicsburg,  O.,  February  21,  1873,  aged  30  years. 

Isaac  Green — F^nrolled  at  Urbana,  C).,  August  17,  1862  ;  mustered 
out  with  Company  ;  shared  in  all  the  engagements,  campaigns 
and  marches  of  the  regiment. 

Elijah  Gaiiriel — F^lnroUed  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  absent 
sick  since  September  20,  1863,  at  Cam])  Dennison,  ().;  wounded 
at  Chickamauga. 

Thos.  Hallan — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16,  1862  ;  absent 
on  furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Michael  Huddleston — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  August  16,  1862  : 
mustered  out  with  Company. 


Company   E.J  History  oj  the  uj/h  O.  V.  I.  225 

William  Hoor— Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  absent 
sick  since  November  10,  1864,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Wm.  Hoffman — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  15,  1862; 
absent  sick  since  November  10,  1864,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Richard  Howell — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  16,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Recruit.) 

John  M.Hemphill — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O  ,  February  27,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.      (Recruit  and  musician.) 

William  Jenkins — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  19,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  O'Leary — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company.     (Blacksmith.) 

Paul  Leh.man — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  13,  1862  ; 
absent  on  furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  Company.     (German.) 

Henry  McAlexander — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

James  Miranda — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Wm.  S.  Mott — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16,  1862;  absent 
on  furlough  at  Columbus,  O.;  mustered  out  pursuant  to  General 
Order  No.  17  War  Department;  captured  at  Chickamauga,  Ga., 
September  20,  1863  ;  died  years  later  from  the  effects  of  his 
imprisonment.     Original  Fifth  Sergeant. 

John  A.  McLane — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  16,  1864;  was 
a  prisoner  of  war;  exchanged  January  i,  1865;  mustered  out 
with  Company.     (Recruit.) 

George  Nickols — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  October  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Cyrus  Parmer — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  13,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company ;  wounded  at  Kenesaw. 

Fredrick  Pence — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Anthony  Ray — F_^nrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  15,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Jacoh  Reeuer — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  August  19,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Tho-MAs  J.  Scott — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  August  14,  1862  ;  sen- 
tenced by  General  Court  Martial  to  forfeit  all  pay  and  allowances 
from  August  24,  1864,  to  June  2,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with 
Company. 

26 


226  Eve ry -day  SoUier  Life :  [Muster-out  Roll 

DuTTON  SwicKR — F^nrolled  at  St.  Paris,  ().,  August  17,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Richard  Shellhorn — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  February  24,  1864  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Musician  and  recruit.) 

Hknry  SiLLiiACH — F^nrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  29,  1864  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Recruit  and  musician.) 

John  W.  Taylor — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  20,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Daniel  R.  Taylor — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  27,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Musician.) 

William  Vincent — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  5,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Recruit.) 

John  Wilson — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16,  1862  ;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Daniel  Walker — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16,  1862;  absent 
on  furlough ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  Wank — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  15,  1862;  absent 
on  furlough  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  Wolk — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  February  4,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  Company.      (Recruit  and  musician.) 

Wm.  H.  Whitney — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  November  28,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Recruit.) 

Henry  Gill — Enrolled  at  Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  July  25,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company.     (Colored  Cook.) 

KILLED. 

Henry  C.  Scott,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  St.   Paris,  O.,  August  16, 

1862  ;    killed    in    action    near   Marietta,    Ga.,    June    27,    1864. 

Original  First  Corporal. 
William  G.  Carpenter — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  19,  1862  ; 

killed    in    action    at    Chickamauga,   Ga.,    September    20,    1863. 

Original  Fifth  Corporal. 
RoLViN   Huddleston — Enrolled  at   St.  Paris,  O.,  August   18,  1862  ; 

killed  in  action  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Franklin  Russell — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,0., September  25,1862 ; 

killed  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Anthony  Schimmel — Enrolled  at  Westville,  O.,  August   22,  1862  ; 

killed  in  front  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  7,  1864. 
Jacob  Hess— Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  November  28,  1863;  killed  at 

Kenesaw,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 


Company  E.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.   V.  1.  227 

DIED. 

Peter  Baker,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  19,  1862  ; 

'died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  August  15,  1864,  of  wounds  received 
near  Marietta,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864;  wounded  at  Chickamauga, 
Georgia. 
H.  H.  Wallburn,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  15, 
1862;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  5,  1863;  aged  twenty- 
four  years.  Buried  at  Treacle's  creek,  four  miles  north  of 
Mechanicsburg.  Original  Sixth  Corporal. 
Wm.  H.  Portsman,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  19, 
1862  ;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  5,  1863.     Buried  at  Union 

Chapel,  sixth  miles  east  of  Urbana.     Original  Eighth  Corporal. 
Andrew  J-  Ward — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November   11,  1862; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  18,  1863. 
Peter  Miller — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died  at 

Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  December  9,  1863,  chronic  diarrhea. 
Andrew  Heller — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  died. 

in  the  field  hospital,  Ga.,  August  13,  1864. 
George  Conrad — Enrolled    at    Westville,    O.,    August    22,    1862; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  10,  1863. 
Reason  B.  Parker — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  15,  1862  ; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  February  21,  1863,  of  inflammation  of 

brain. 
Geo.   W.   Slonaker — Enrolled  at  St.   Paris,  O.,   August   22,    1862; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  20,  1863. 
Geo.  a.  Baker — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  20,  1862;  died  at 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  March  20,  1863. 
Joseph  Warner — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  16,  1864;  died 

at  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  September  24,  1864,  of  typhoid  fever. 
Richard  Sullivan — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  died 

at  Savannah,  Ga.,  January  11,  1865,  acute  disentary. 
U.  S.  McRoBERTS — No  record  of  his  enlistment  given ;  died  at  his 

home  in  Ohio,  September,   1862.     Buried  at  Moorefield,  Clark 

county. 
JosiAH  McDowell — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  4,  1862  ; 

died  in  prison  hospital  at  Danville,  Va.,  April  16,  1864,  scorbutis. 

Taken  prisoner  at  Chickamauga. 
Peter    McDowell — Enrolled  at  Jackson,  O.,  February   18,   1864; 

died  on  the  way   to  his  regiment,  March   13,   1864,  Nashville, 

Tennessee. 


i28  Eve ry -day  Soldier  Lijf  :  [M  usici-oul  Roll 

DISCHARGED. 

Israel  O.  Powkm.,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urhana.  ().,  August  iS, 
1862;  discharged   from    hospital    at   Nashville,   Tenn.,    April   7, 

1863,  by   order   of    (lencral    Rosecrans.      Disability.       Original 
Seventh  Corporal. 

Rockwell  H.  Seelv,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  St.  j'aiis,  ().,  August 
17,    1S62;  discharged  at  Tyner's  Station,  Tcim.,  February    17, 

1864,  by  order  of  Ceiieral 'I'homas.      Disability.     Original  Fourth 
Corporal. 

David  Beatv,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  19,  1862  ; 
discharged  at  CamiJ  Chase,  O.,  July  30,  1864,  by  order  of  Gen- 
eral Heintzelman.  Cause — from  wounds  received  in  action 
September  20,  1863. 

John  F.  Barger — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  18,  1862;  dis- 
charged from  hospital  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  April  13,  1863,  by 
order  Gen'l  Rosecrans  ;  physical  disability. 

James  L.  F^umiston — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
discharged  from  hospital  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  April  15,  1863,  by 
order  of  Gen'l  Rosecrans. 

James  FJuling — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  17,  1862;  dis- 
charged from  hospital  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  April  18,  1863,  by 
order  Gen'l  Rosecrans. 

Fleming  H.  Kyser — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  17,  1862;  dis- 
charged from  hospital  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  April  18,  1863,  by 
order  Gen'l  Rosecrans. 

Abraham  G.  Smith — Enrolled  at  Adams  township,  O.,  August  22 
1862;  discharged  from  Muldrough's  Hill,  Ky.,  January  21, 
1863,  by  order  of  Col.  Wilcox,  commanding  1 13th  Regt. 

Henry  D.  Shanlev — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged from  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  May  26,  1865,  by  Tel.  Order 
War  Department  May  3,  1865. 

Herbert  N.  Norman — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  12,  1864; 
discharged  from  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  May  26,  1865,  by  Tel.  Or- 
der War  Department. 

Solomon  Bradford — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1864; 
discharged  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  26,  1865,  by  order  War  De- 
partment May   18,  1865.     (One  year  man.) 

Richard  Cox — F^nrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  June  21,  1865,  by  Tel.  Order 
War  Department  May  18,  1865.     Wounded  at  Louisville,  Ga. 


Company  E.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  229 


Wm.  G.  Mc Alexander — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  October  15, 
1862;  discharged  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  June  17,  1863,  by  or- 
der of  Lient.  Col.  Neff,  Commanding  Post. 

Reuben  Gardner — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  15,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  18,  1863,  by  order  of  Gen'l 
Rosecrans.  Died  at  his  home  in  Mutual,  O.,  July  9,  1863,  aged 
24  years.     Native  of  New  York. 

Felix  L.  Rock— Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  discharged 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  11,  1863,  by  order  of  Gen'l  Rosecrans. 

Samuel  Scott — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  19,  1862;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  11,  1863,  by  order  of  Gen'l 
Rosecrans. 

John  Looker — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn,,  May  11,  1863,  by  order  Gen'l 
Rosecrans. 

Warren  Keyes — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  August  16,  1862  ; 
discharged  at  Columbus,  O.,  April  29,  1863,  by  order  War  De- 
partment. 

Joseph  H.  Riley — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  April  23,  1863,  by  order  Gen'l 
Rosecrans. 

Cyrus  T.  Ward,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  22, 
1862;  discharged  at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  17,  1865,  by  Tel. 
Orderof  War  Department  May  3,  1865.    Original  Third  Corporal. 

deserted. 

Ferdinand  Stickler — Enrolled  at  Union  township,  O.,  August  22, 
1862  ;  deserted  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  November  24,  1862. 

Frederick  W.  Fasset — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  18, 
1862  ;  deserted  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O.,  November  25,  1862. 

William  Miller — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  20,  1862; 
deserted  at  Camp  Zanesville,  O.,  November  25,  1862. 

John  Riley — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  15,  1862;  de- 
serted at  Camp  Zanesville,  O.,  December  11,  1862. 

George  Smith — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  25,  1862  ;  de- 
serted at  Camp  Zanesville,  O.,  December  19,  1862. 

L.  S.  Parish — Enrolled  at  Canaan,  O.,  January  30,  1864;  deserted 
on  the  way  to  his  regiment ;  date  unknown. 

Jacob  Fudge — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  deserted 
at  Rome,  Ga.,  May  23,  1864. 


i^b  Kvcry-day  Soldier  Life :  [Muster-oul  Rull 

Daniel  R.  Makkr — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February   27,  [864; 

deserted  at  R()me,  (ia.,  May  23.  1864. 
Isaac    L.  CIrkn — Enrolled   at    Urbana,  ().,  February    16,  1864;  de- 
serted at  Rome,  (ia.,  May  23,  1864. 
C!i.AKK  VV.  CoTTRKi.L — Flnrolled  at   Urbana,  ().,  l-ebruary    12,  1864; 

deserted  April,  1865. 
SpKPHKN    Carrkk; — Enlisted,    l)ut     never     mustered;    deserted    at 

Camp  Chase,  ().,  1862. 
TosEPH  Sweeny — Enlisted,  but   never  mustered  ;  deserted  at   Camp 

Chase,  O.,  1862. 
'1'homas  Scudijer — Enlisted,  but  never  mustered;  deserted  at  Camjj 

Chase,  O.,  1862.     • 
Michael  Cane — Enlisted,  but  never  mustered;  deserted  at   Camp 

Chase,  O.,  1862. 
Joseph   Fisher — Enlisted,  but  never  mustered;  deserted  at  Camp 

Chase,  O.,  1862. 
James   Hurlv — Enlisted,  but   never  mustered;  deserted    at  Camp 

Chase,  O.,  1862. 

transferred. 

D.  H.  Chatfield,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  August  22, 
1862  ;  promoted  from  4th  Corporal  to  2d  Lieutenant,  and  trans- 
ferred to  Co.  H,  113th  O.  V.  I.,  by  order  Col.  I).  B.  Warner, 
November  5,  1863.     Original  private. 

Asa  Kite,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  March  24,  1864,  by  order  War  Depart- 
ment. 

A.  M.  Grafton,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  16, 
1862;  promoted  from  ist  Sergeant  to  ist  Lieutenant  May  26, 
1865,  and  transferred  to  Co.  C,  113th  O.  V.  L,  by  order  Lieut. 
Col.  Jones.     Original  Third  Sergeant. 

Wm.  Fromme — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  1st  U.  S.  Volunteer  Engineers,  July  27,  1864,  by  order 
of  Col.  Wm.  E.  Merrill.  A  native  of  Germany  and  had  seen 
service  in  his  own  country.  Discharged  Sept.  26,  1865.  Born 
June,  1823.     Died  Feb.  13,  1873. 

Willis  HuDDLESTON — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  April  30,  1863,  by  order  War  Depart- 
ment. 

S.  E.  Smith— Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  ist  U.  S.  Volunteer  Engineer,  July  29,  1864,  by  order  of 
Col.  Wm.  E.  Merrill. 


Company  K.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  1.  231 

John  Bolt — Enlistment  and  muster  unknown  ;  received  from  depot 
by  error;  transferred  to  the  82d  O.  V.  I.,  September  13,  1864, 
by  order  of  Capt.  Jones,  Commanding  113th  Regiment; 
descriptive  list  was  never  received. 

George  Carroll — Enlistment  and  muster  unknown  ;  received  from 
depot  by  error;  transferred  to  the  82d  O.  V.  I..  September  13, 
1864,  by  order  Capt.  Jones,  Commanding  113th  Regiment; 
descriptive  list  was  never  received. 

Samuel  Halterman — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
transferred  to  V.  R.  C,  April,  i,  1865,  by  order  War  Depart- 
ment. 

Perry  D.  Vincent — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,  November  19, 
1862  :  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  September  30,  1863,  by  order 
War  Department. 

David  Walker — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris  O.,  August  16,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred to  V.  R.  C,  March  15,  1865,  by  order  War  Department; 
transfer  No.  4  A.  G.  O.,  March  13,  1865. 


COMPANY   K. 

Musleiecl  out  al  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,   1865. 
COMMISSIONED    OEFICERS. 

Captain  A.  L.  Shepherd — Commissioned  at  Columbus,  ().,  Decem- 
ber 8,  1863;  on  leave  of  absence.     Mustered  out. 

First  Lieutenant  Wm.  H.  Baxter — Commissioned  at  Rossville, 
Ga.,  March  14,  1864;  discharged  November  25,  1864,  by  order 
of  War  Department,  special  order  416.  Wounded  at  Kenesaw, 
Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 

First  Lieutenant  Geo.  H.  Lippincott — Commissioned  at  Holly 
Springs,  N.  C,  December  i,  1864;  promoted  from  Second  Lieu- 
tenant December  i,  1864;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July 
6,  1865.      Wounded  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June   27,    1864. 

non-commissioned  officers. 

O.  H.  Barber,  '^""irst  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December 
28,  1863;  mustered  out  with  Company.  Lijured  by  a  shell  at 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  27,  1864. 

C.  T.  Baxter,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  17,  '864; 
mustered  out  with  Cdmpany. 


232  Evety-Uay  SoUiet-LiJi- :  [Music r-uul  Roll 

Okorgk   1..  TiKSiKR,  Sergeant — ?"nrolled   :U    Urbana,  C).,  December 

2S,  1863;   mustered  out  \vitli  Coiiipauy. 
W'm.  Uarnes,  Sergeant — l-'jiioUcd  at  L'rbaiia,  < ).,  December  22,  1863; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Cyrus  (luv,  Sergeant — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  16,  1863; 

mustered  out  with  C'ompany. 
W'm.  H.  CiRovKS,  Corporal — Enrolled  at   Urbana,  ().,   December  23, 

1863;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
|.  ^\'.  Ci.ABAUGH,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  27, 

1863;  mustered  out  with  Company.     Wounded  at  Kenesaw. 
j.    R.    RoGKKS,   Corporal — Enrolled   at    Urbana,  O.,   December    16, 

1863;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Alexander   Micheals,  Corporal — Knrolled   at  Mechanicsburg,  O., 

December  20,  1863  ;  mustered  out  with  Company, 
(j.   W.    Hupp,    Corporal — Enrolled   at  Columbus,  O.,  February    29, 

1864;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Geo.  Gabriel,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  8,  1863; 

mustered  out  with  Comjjany. 

privates. 

MicHAKi,  Agnew — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  14,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Chas.  M.  Boon — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  28,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

?'rancis  Blondin — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  26,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Comi)any. 

James  A.  Blake — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  28,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  ('ompany. 

Frederick  Boher — Enrolled  at  Madison  county,  O.,  January  29, 
1864;  absent  wounded  since  June  27,  1864. 

John  Bailey — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  23,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Thomas  Conway — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  14,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Edward  Camphei,l — Enrolled  at  Delaware,  O.,  January  6,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

William  Craig — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  4,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Oliver  Craig — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg.  ().,  December  24,  1863; 
mustered  out;  had  served  in  the  Sixty-Sixth  O.  V.  I.  formerly; 
wounded. 


Company   Iv.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.   V.I.  233 

R.  M.  J.  Coleman — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  January  z^,  1865  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Lewis  Davis — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  January  12,  1864;  absent 
sick  at  Rome,  Ga.,  since  June  2,  1864. 

John  E.  Davis — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  December  23,  1863; 
absent  wounded  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  since  June  27,  1864. 

Chas.  N.  Davis — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  r6,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

J.  C.  DouGHTV — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  22,  1863;  ab- 
sent in  Ohio  on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Raper  Ellsworth — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  23,  1863;  ab- 
sent in  Ohio  on  furlough;  mustered  out  with  Company.  (Musi- 
cian.) 

Henry  E.  Fay — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  26,  1863;  ab- 
sent sick  in  hospital  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  since  June  18,  1865. 

Olverd  B.  Fay — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  January  16,  1864;  absent 
sick  in  hospital  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  since  June  18,  1865. 

Levi  Fay — Enrolled  at  Urbana.  ().,  March  28,  1864;  mustered  out 
with  Company. 

Sylvester  Fov — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  January  i  1,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  Farley — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  i,  1864;  absent 
sick  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  since  July  14,  1864. 

Simon  Gabriel — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  8,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

VV.  S.  Gearheart — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  10,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Philip  A.  Huff — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  23,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Abner  C.  Hupp — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  December,  16,  1863  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Jacob  Huben — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  23,  •1863s  mus- 
tered out  with  C'ompany. 

Perry  C.  Howard — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December,  28,  1863; 
absent  without  leave  since  June  i,  1865  ;  wounded  in  the  arm  at 
Kenesaw,  June  27,  1864. 

Benjamin  F.  Irwin — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  16,  1863  • 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

James  Kelly — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  January  22,  1864;  absent 
on  detached  service  since  June  3,  1864;  mustered  out  with  Com- 
pany. 
27 


234  Eve ry-day  SoUier  Life :  [Musler-oul  Roll 

John  W.  Lkssknoer — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  ()  ,  December  24, 
1863;  absent  in  Ohio  on  fiirlouf,h  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  C.  Mii.i.kr — HI n rolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  22,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Patrick  Mai.onk — Enrolled  at  L'rbana,  ().,  January  16,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Thomas  MooDV — Enrolled  at  I'rbana,  ().,  December  28,  1863;  ab- 
sent at  Cincinnati,  (^.,  since  June  27,  1864;  mustered  out  with 
Company.     Wounded  at  Kencsaw. 

CiEO.  W.  Neolkv — Enrolled  at  St.  I'aris,  ( ).,  December  17,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

WiM.iA.M  A.  Xekr — Enrolled  at  Mechapicsburg,  ().,  December  15. 
1863  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Charles  Odeli, — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  ().,  December  22, 
1863;  absent  sick  since  May  12,  1865. 

Daniel  Routt — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  C).,  January  18,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  Randall — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ()..  January  23,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Joseph  Rider — Enrolled  at  Urbana.  O.,  January  15,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

John  W.  Snyder — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  28,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Jasper  C.  Shepherd — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  Decemi)er  23, 
1863;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Thos.  E.  Shepherd — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  16,  1863; 
absent  sick  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  since  June  27,  1864.     (Musician.) 

John  Spangerberger — Enrolled  at  Springfield,  O.,  December  31, 
1863  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Charles  Smi'I'h — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  21,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Com  pan)-. 

Edward  Smellhorn — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  January  27,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.      (Musician.) 

Harman  Silhaugh — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  29,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company.      (Musician.) 

Geo.  W.  Swarts — Enrolled  at  Url)ana,  O.,  December  16,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Charles  Stewart — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ()..  January  23,  1865; 
mustered  out  with  Company.     (Recruit.) 


Company  K.]  History  of  the  tJJth  O.  V.  I.  235 

John  W.  Tway — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  December  15,  1863  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

James  H.  Tarbutton — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  29,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  Walker — Enrolled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  December  23,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

William  Walker — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  8,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

James  Walker — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  30,  1863;  ab- 
sent wounded  since  June  27,  1864;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  H.  Walker — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  19,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 


EvRA  Allen,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  2[,  1863  ; 

killed  June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Stephen  V.   Barr — Enrolled   at   Urbana,   O.,   February   27,    1864; 

killed  June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
William  Coppin — Enrolled  at  Salem  ,0.,  December  24,  1863;  killed 

June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Hiram  Hancock — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  21,  1862  ;  killed 

June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Levi    Romine — Enrolled   at  Urbana,  O.,   January    16,   1864;  killed 

June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Joseph  Wilkinson — Enrolled  at  Springfield,  O.,  December  31,  1863; 

killed  June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Lemuel  P.  Jones — Enrolled  at  Salem,  O.,  December  22,  1863  ;  killed 

June  27,  1864,  at  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
John    H.    Bricker — Enrolled    at    Urbana,    O.,   January    26,    [864; 

killed  July  4,  1864,  near  the  Chattahoochee  River,  Ga. 
Booker  R.  Durnell — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  24,  1863  ; 

missing  at   battle  of  Kenesaw   Mountain,  Ga.,  Jun<e  27,   1864. 

Nothing  definite  can  be  stated,  but    he  was  either  killed   and 

buried  as  unknown,  or  was  taken  prisoner  and  died  in  prison. 

DIED. 

Hecter  Morrin — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  24,  1863;  died 
June  30,  1864,  at  Big  Shanty,  Ga.,  of  wounds  received  at  battle 
of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 


236  Every-ihy  Sotitict   Lije :  [Muster-out  Roll 

Hknrv  C.  Britton — F^nrolled  at  Mechanicsl)urg,  O.,  December  15, 
1863;  died  July  6,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,   Tcnn.,  of  diNcasc. 

JiiSKPH  H.  Newcomh — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  DecxMiiber  i(),  1863; 
died  July  24,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds  received  in 
battle  of  Kenesaw  iVIountain,  Cla.,  June  27,  1864.     (Musician.) 

Lkvi  Heminger — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  30,  1863;  died 
August  I,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds  received  in 
battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ca.,  June  27,  1864. 

Levi  P^i.i.ioir — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  28,  1863;  died 
August  12,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 

Patrick  Fields — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  January  12,  1864;  died 
August  19,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  wounds  received  at  bat- 
tle of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 

Robert  R.  Osborne — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  16,  1863; 
died  August  22,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds  received 
in  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 

Azr(j  Mann,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  16.  1863; 
died  October  31,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  disease. 

James  McMahan — Enrolled  at  Woodstock,  ().,  December  26,  1863; 
died  November  30,  1864,  at  Jeffersonvillc,   Ind.,  of  disease. 

Monroe  Elliott,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  Decem- 
ber 29,  1863;  died  February  4,  1865,  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  of  acute 
diarrhea. 

George  Peobles — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  26,  1863  ;  died 
April  18,  1865,  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  of  chronic  diarrhea. 

discharged. 

Oscar  C.   Morrow — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  Deceml)er  28,  1863; 

discharged   February  17,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  C).,  by  order 

of  War  Department. 
Martin   Moonev — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,   January   26,    1864; 

discharged   March  2,  1865,  at  Camp   Dennison,  ().,  by  order  of 

War  Department. 
Alfred  Kilborn — Enrolled   at    Urbana,   ().,    December    16,    1863; 

discharged  April    14,   1865,  at  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of  War 

Department. 
Ebenezer  Williams — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  December  16, 

1863  ;  discharged  May  29,  1865,  at  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of 

War  Department. 


Company  G.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  237 

William    M.    Smith — Enrolled   at  St.    Paris,  O.,  January  4,   1864; 

discharged  May  26,  1865,  at  Camy)  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  of 

War  Department. 
Stephen  W.   Riddle — Enrolled   at    Mechanicsburg,  O.,    December 

15,  1863;  discharged  May  29,  1865,  at  CoUmibus,  O.,  by  Order 

of  War  Department. 
Harvey  F.  Sullivan — Eni-olled   at   Mechanicsburg,  O.,  December 

23,  1863  ;    discharged  June  3,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by 

Order  of  War  Department. 
James  V.  Roberts — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  December   16, 

1863;  discharged  June  9,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  0.,by  Order 

of  War  Department. 
Artemus  L.  Nash — Enrolled  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  December  19, 

1863  ;  discharged  June  9,  1865,  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.,  by  Order 

of  War  Department. 

deserted. 

Martin  Mayer — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  23,  1863;  de- 
serted March  29,  1864,  enroute  to  the  regiment. 

Alexander  McGiloery — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  25,  1864; 
deserted  March  29,  1864,  enroute  to  the  regiment. 

Thos.  Manning — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  23,  1863;  de- 
serted March  29,  1864,  enroute  to  the  regiment. 

Patrick  O.  Rilev — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  26,  1864;  de- 
serted March  29,  1864,  enroute  to  the  regiment. 

Peter  Trossel — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  31,  1863;  de- 
serted August  31,  1864,  near  Atlanta,  Ga. 


COMPANY  G. 

Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

commissioned  officers. 

Captain  Harrison  Z.  Adams — Commissioned  at  Mt.  Sterling,  (^., 
August  22,  1862;  resigned  January  25,  1863.     (Minister.) 

Captain  A.  L.  Messmore — Commissioned  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1863;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

First  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Bostwick — Commissioned  at  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  February  7,  1863;  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant  from 
Second,  February  7,  1863;  died  March  15,  1864,  at  Columbus,  ()• 


>3<^  /ivfty-i/ay  Soit/ifi  -Li/f:  [Miistci-oul  RdU 

I'iKsr  LiEUTKNAN  I  JAMKS  Coui.TAS — Commissioned  at  Whitehall, 
(la.,  August  _^i,  1864;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6, 
1865. 

Skcond  LiKi  iKNANT  H.  (".  Tii'KJN — Commissioned  at  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  January  28,  1863;  promoted  from  Second  to  First  I,ieu- 
lenant  January  28,  1863;  resigned  March  25,  1863. 

SK.roNi)  J>iKUTKNANT  \Vm.  R.  Hanewai.t — Commissioned  at  Frank- 
lin, Tenn.,  May  I,  1863;  promoted  from  C^.  M.  Sergeant  to 
Second  Lieutenant,  May  1,  1863;  killed  in  action  at  Chicka- 
mauga,  Ca.,  September  20,  1863. 

NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

A.  W.  Davis,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August 
I  ^,  1862;  absent  on  furlough  since  June  27,  1865;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

[.  L  RiGGiN,  Sergeant  — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 
1862;  absent  on  furlough  since  June  25,  1865;  mustered  out 
with  Company. 

John  A.  Smith,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13^ 
1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

O.  W.  LooFHOuRROW,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ( ).,  August 
13,  1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

F.  A.  WicKELL,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13) 
1862;  promoted  from  Corporal  to  Sergeant,  Ai)ril  1,  1865;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  A.  Lake,  First  Corporal — F^nrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August 

12,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

H.  B.  Brilev,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 
1862  ;  on  detached  service  at  Columbus,  ().,  since  February  12, 
1864;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

J.  W.  Dennison,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August  13, 
1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

W.  S.  Tammadge,   Corporal — Enrolled   at   Mt.   Sterling,  O.,  August 

13,  1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  W.  Beale,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Harrv   Hagans,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  March   30, 

1864  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Geo.  M.  Neff,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Mt.   Sterling,  O.,  August   13, 

1862;  absent  on  furlough  since  June   27,   1865;   mustered  out 

with  Company. 


Company  G.]  History  of  the  iijtii  O.  V.  I.  239 

W.  S.  Davis,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  i.^,  1862  ; 
promoted  from  private  to  Corporal  April  i,  1865  ;  mustered  out 
with  Company 

PRIVATES. 

John  W.  Alkire — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  (J.,  August  13,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Daniel  W.  Anderson — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  February  2,  1  864  , 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

RuFUS  Barcus — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  March  2^,^  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Augustus  BoYLER — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  C).,  August  13,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Benjamin  Bostwick — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  December  30, 
1863;  on  detached  duty  at  Brigade  Head([uarters  ;  absent  sick 
since  April  22,  1864. 

William  C.  Bostwick. — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  J3,  1862  ; 
mustei"ed  out  with  Company.     Served  as  regimental  postmaster. 

Andrew  Burget — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  25, 
1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Samuel  Busick — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ; 
absent  sick  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  since  November  30,  1864. 

Edward  Blain — Enrolled  at  Circleville,  O.,  July  23,  1864  ;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

J.  C.  Chaffin — Enrolled  at  Cam])  Chase,  O.,  September  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  I.  Cook — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O..  August  13,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  N.  Crabb — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  January  13,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

W.  S.  Delenger — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

William  Defabaugh — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 
1862  ;  absent  on  furlough  since  June  26,  1865  ;  mustered  out 
with  Company. 

Titus  England — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  Fel^ruary  3,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Robert  Foster — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Joseph  Ford — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 


24©  Evet  y -day  Soldier  Lijc :  [iMustcr-oul  Roll 

jwiKs  (Gardner — Enrolled  at   Harrisburg.  O.,  February  20,  1864; 

absent   on    furlough   since   June   25,    1865;    mustered   out    with 

Com  pan) . 
(iEORGE  Hartingkr — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  ( ).,  February  21,  1864; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Samuet-   Hoover — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August    13,    1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Chas.  H.  Kankastkr — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  ().,  February  9,  1864; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Makiix   Leonard — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  February    10,  1864; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Jesse  Low — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  March  9,  1864;  absent  sick 

at  Annopolis,  Md.,  since  April  20,  1865. 
Andrew  Mitchell — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  U.,  .August  13,  1862; 

absent    sick   at    Annapolis,    Md.,   since   April    25,    1865  ;    taken 

prisoner  at  Chickamauga,  Se|)tember  20,  1863. 
David  Madden — Enrolled  at    Mt.   Sterling,  O.,   August    13,    1862; 

absent  sick  at  Camp  Dcnnison,  O.,  since  May  10,  1863. 
JosEi'H    McArtv — Enrolled  at  Cleveland,  O.,  February    10,   1864; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Zero  McIntire — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  C).,  September  20,  1862  ; 

absent   on   furlough  since   June   30,    1865  ;    mustered  out  with 

Company. 
Anthony  S.    Mori; an — Enrolled  at    Mt.  Sterling,   O.,  August    13, 

1862  ;  on  detached  services  as  hospital  nurse  since  January  23, 

1864;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
John  O'Dan — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  absent 

on  furlough  since  June  28,  1865  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Harrison  Riggin — Enrolled  at   Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company.      (Wounded.) 
Jer(xme   L.    Rohv — Enrolled  at  Zanesville,  O.,   December  5,   1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Jacob    Seigle — Enrolled  at    Harrisburg,   O.,   November   24,    1863; 

mustered  out  w'ith  Company. 
James  J.  Sheeders — Enrolled   at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 

mustered  out  with  Comi>any. 
Thornton  S.mith — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August   13,   1862; 

absent  on   furlough  since   June  30,    1865  ;   mustered  out   with 

Company. 
Thomas    Smith — Enrolled   at  Mt.   Sterling,  O.,   August    13,   1862; 

absent  sick  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  since  December  25,  1863. 


Company  G.]  History  of  the  113th  O.   V.J.  241 

VVm.    H.    Smith — Enrolled    at    iMt.  Sterling,  O.,  August   13,     1863; 

absent  on  furlough   since   June   25,    1865  ;   mustered   out  with 

Company. 
John  Southard— Enrolled  at  Mt.   Sterling,  O.,  August    13,   1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Elias Streets — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O',  January  22,  1864  ;  absent 

sick  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  since  June  15,  1864. 
Jas.  a.  Tammadge — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August    13,  1862  j 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Alexander  Tainer— Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
JosiAH  TiMMONS — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August   13,   1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Wm.   H.  Timmons — Enrolled    at    Columbus,  O.,  February    i,   1864; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Abraham  Trimbee — Enrolled  at    Urbana,    O.,  December  2,   1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Samuel  Walker — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August   13,  1862; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Abram  Wright — Enrolled  at    Harrisburg,  O.,  February  20,   1864; 

mustered  out  with  Company. 
Fredrick.  Young — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August    13,  1862; 

absent  sick  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  since  June  21,  1864. 

KILLED. 

Abraham  Uennison — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ; 

killed  September  20,  1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga. 
Joseph  Parker,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling  O.,  August   13, 

1862;  killed  June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Eevi  Griffin — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  killed 

June  27,  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 
Levi  Thomas — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  August   13,   1862;   killed 

July  19,   1864,  at  Peachtree  Creek,  Ga. 
J.    W.    Hallaway — Enrolled   at   Columbus,   O.,    March    15,    1S64; 

missing  November  30,  1864,  Louisville,  Ga. 


David  Mitchell,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August 
13,  1862;  died  September  22,  1863,  at  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  of 
wounds. 

28 


242  Evt'iy-iiay  SoUiei  Liji- :  [Muslcr-uul  Roll 

Thos.  Fktkrson,  Corporal — Knrolled  at  Canij)  Chase,  ().,  September 

22.    1862  ;     (lied    August    20,    1S64,    at    Andersonville,    Oa.,   ol 

wounds. 
A.  A.  'rAi.iJor,  C^oiporal — Knrolled   at    Mt.   Sterling,  ().,  August    13, 

[862;  died  December  24,  1864,  at  Savannah,  (la.,  of  wounds. 
JOHN   VV.  R()(;kks — Knrolled   at    Mt.    Sterling,  ().,  August    13,   1862; 

died  December  5,  1862,  Camp  Zanesville,  ().,  of  measles. 
RiuM.  H.  McClkan — Knrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ()..  August  13,  1862; 

died  February  3,  1863,  at  I  ,ouis\ille,  Ky.,  of  diarrhea. 
Hi-.Nkv    (iii.i.iNWAiKKs — KuroUed   at    Mt.    Sterling,   ().,    August    13, 

1862;  died   I'ebruary    17,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  pneumonia. 
Isaac  Timmons — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ()..  August  13,  1862;  died 

April  13,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  no  cause  given. 
CkiiiiN  Dknnison — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling.  ().,  August    13,  1862; 

died  March  18,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  of  icterus. 
John    \V.  Miller — Enrolled    at    Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August    13,  18C2  ; 

died  April  18,  1863,  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  of  diarrhea. 
Pkkk\    (iERRari) — F'.nrolled  at    Mt.    Sterling,  ().,  .August    13,  1862; 

died  April  i^,  1863,  at  Nashville,  'ienn.,  of  t:hronic  diarrhea. 
Ale.xandkr    F"..    Bkacig — Fjirolled   at   Mt.   Sterling,  O.,  .August    13, 

1862  ;  died  May  28,  1863  ;   Madison  Co.,  ().,  of  chronic  diarrhea. 
JA.MEs  L.    Ri(;(;iN — F^nrolled   at   Mt.   Sterling,  f).,  August    13,    1862; 

died  June  27,  1863,  Nashville  Tenn.,  of  pneumonia. 
Merril  Smith — F2n rolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  .August  13,  1862;  died 

October  10,  1863,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds. 
Samuel  Thorion — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  C.,  .August    13,  1862; 

died  November  14,  1863,  Chattanooga, 'I'enn.,  chronic   diarrhea. 
Andrew  Miller — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August    13,    1862; 

died  November  15,  1863,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of  wounds. 
Otho  W.  Nigh — Enrolled  at    Mt.  Sterling,   O.,    August    13,    1862; 

died  February  7,  1864,  Murfreesboro,   Tenn.,   chronic  diarrhea. 
Jacob    F'oster — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  23,  1862; 

died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  chronic  diarrhea.     Date  not  given. 
Chas.    Rosendale — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  ().,  February  ii,  1864; 

died  June  i,  1864,  Big  Shanty,  Ga.,  diarrhea. 
James  Cookey — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  ().,  February  3,  1864  ;  died 

September  27,  1864,  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  diarrhea. 
Hezekiah  Suver — F^nrolled  at   Harrisburg,  ().,  F'ebruary    12,  1864; 

died  June  24,  1864,  Rome,  Ca.,  chronic  diarrhea. 
\Vm.   H.  Brasket — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  December    7,    1863; 

died  April  1,  1864,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  pneumonia. 


Company   G.]  History  of  the  iijih  O.  V.  I.  243 


\Vm.  H.  Hunt— Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  Q.,  August  13,  1862;  died 

July  16,  1864,  Andersonville,  Ga.,  dysentery. 
Daniel  D.  Miller — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Stearling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 

died  March  25,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  diarrhea. 

DISCHARGED. 

John  W.  Ingrim,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August 
13,  1862  ;  discharged  November  14,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by 
order  of  Major  General  Thomas. 

Clark.  S.  White,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August 
13,  1862;  discharged  March  29,  1864,  Camp  Chase,  O.,  by  or- 
der of  Major  General  Heintzleman ;  died  March  7,  1876,  from 
effects  of  a  wound  received  at  Chickamauga. 

Edwin  Deyo,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 
1862;  discharged  June  24,  1864,  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order 
of  War  Department. 

James  S.  Abernathy — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 
1862;  discharged  January  9,  1863,  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of 
War  Department. 

John  J.  Bishop — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 
discharged  February  16,  1863,  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of  War 
Department. 

John  W.  Harness — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ; 
discharged  March  5,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 

Samson  M.  Stone — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 
discharged  March  11,  1863,  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of  War 
Department. 

Benjamin  O.  Kelt,er — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ; 
discharged  March  15,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Resecrans. 

Robert  FoRO-Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862  ;  dis- 
charged April  18,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.,  by  orderof  Major  Gen. 
Rosecrans. 

Alfred  Ivy — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  dis- 
charged May  16,  1863,  Franklin,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Major 
General  Rosecrans. 

Henry  Strawbridge — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13, 
1862  ;  discharged  May  14,  1863,  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of 
Brigadier  General  Mason. 


244  Every-tiay  SoliUer  Life :  [Musler-oiil  Roll 

Thomas  Havs — P^nroUed  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August    i.^,  1862;  dis- 
charged  June    16,    i<S6^,    Louisville,   Ky.,  by  order  of  NN'ar   De- 
partment. 
IIakvkv   Strain — Enrolled  at    Mt.   Sterling,  C).,  August    13,  1862; 
discharged  June  24,  1863,   Louisville,   Ky.,  by  order  of  Colonel 
McMondy. 
Wiley   Creath — Enrolled   at   Mt.   Sterling,  ().,  August    13,    1862; 
discharged   June   24,  1863,   Louisville,  Ky.,  by  order  of  Colonel 
McMondy. 
Crek;hton  Thomas — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August  13,  1862; 
discharged  July  31,  1863,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  order  of  Medical 
Board. 

Ephrim  Parker — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August  13,  1862; 
discharged  September  9,  1863,  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  ordei  of  War 
Department. 

|oHN  W.  RiGGiN — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  ().,  August  13,  1862; 
discharged  September  24,  1863,  Camp  Dennison,  ().,  by  order 
of  Military  Post  Commandant. 

David  Hisson — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  March  21,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  May  6,  1865,  at  Columbus,  0.,in  pursuance  of  Ceneral 
order  No.  77,  War  Department. 

John  M.  Creath — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 
mustered  out  May  26,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  0.,in  pursuance 
of  General  order  No.  77,  War  Department. 

James  Gray — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  C).,  February  10,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  May  13,  1865,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  pursuance  of 
General  order  No.  77,  War  Department. 

Thomas  Clifton — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  20,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  May  13,  1865,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  pursuance 
of  General  order  No.  77,  War  Department. 

Elijah  Roby — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  June  9,  1865,  at  Cincinnati,  ()..  in  pursuance  of  (ien- 
eral  Order  No.  77,  War  Department. 

Chas.  Williamson — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  December  5,  1863; 
discharged  February  3,  1865,  at  Columbus,  O.,  by  order  of  Ma- 
jor General  Hooker. 

OESERTEI). 

GiHSON  Sawtell — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  ().,  October  14,  1862; 
deserted  January   16,  1863,  at  Camp  Summit,  Ky. 


Company  G.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  245 

James  Belt — Enrolled  at  Madison  County,  O.,  February  i,  1864; 
deserted  October  ii,  1864,  near  Athens,  Ala. 

Elnathan  Belt — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  30,  1864;  de- 
serted October  1 1,  1864,  near  Athens,  Ala. 

Andrew  McArty — Descriptive  list  never  received  ;  deserted  August 
29,  1864,  near  Atlanta,  Ga. 

August  Ephart — Enrolled  at  Harrisburg,  O.,  February  14,  1864; 
deserted  January  14,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O. 

Thomas  Noland — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  March  25,  1864;  de- 
serted March  28,  1864,  at  Columbus,  O. 

Richard  Miller — Enrolled  at  Madison  County,  O.,  January  1^, 
1864;  deserted  February  i,  1864,  at  Columbus,  O. 

John  Irving — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  March  25,  1864;  deserted 
March  28,  1864,  at  Columbus,  O. 

James  Hays — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  27,  1864;  de- 
serted March  12,  1864,  at  Columbus,  O. 

transferred. 

Edward  Crouse — Enrolled  at   Camp  Chase,  O.,  August    13,  1862; 

transferred  to  Company  "<\  April  18,  1864,  at  Rossville,  Ga.,  by 

order  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  D.  B.  Warner. 
Nehemiah    Matlock — Enrolled   at    Mt.    Sterling,   O.,   August    13, 

1862;  transferred   to   V.  R.  C.  October  29,  1864,  at    Louisville, 

Ky.,  by  order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
Jonas  Deyo — Enrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August   13,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  V.  R.  C.  January  15,  1864,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  order 

of  Secretary  of  War. 
Henry  Shumlefel — F^nrolled  at  Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 

transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  January  15,  1864,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  by 

order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
James  A.Baker — Enrolled   at   Mt.  Sterling,  O.,  August   13,  1862; 

transferred  to  V.  E.  Corps  July  29,  1864,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by 

order  of  Secretary  of  War. 
Wnl  M.  Morgan — Enrolled  at  Camp  Chase,  O.,  September  8,  1862  ; 

transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  April   1,   1865,  at  Camj)  Dennison,  ().,  by 

order  of  Secretary  of  War. 


246  Evcry-(hiy  Soliiici  -Life :  [Muster-out  Roll 

COMPANY   B. 

Mn-^li-ri-d  (inl  ai    I  .uuisv  illc.   I\\..  July  C),   1X65. 
(OMMISSIONKI)    OI'KICF.RS. 

Cap  IAIN  David  Tavi.or,  Jr. — Coniinissioncd  at  Columbus,  ().,  Au- 
gust 12,  1862;  resigned  June  lo,  1863. 

Cai'iain  Hora  I'M)  N.  Benjamin — Commissioned  at  Shelbyville, 
I'enn.,  July  13,  1863;  ])romoted  from  First  Lieutenant  July  13, 
1863;  resigned  August  26,  1864.      Original  Second  \X.  Co.  E. 

Caitain  John  \S .  Kii.K — Commissioned  at  Alpine,  Cra.,  October  21, 
1864;  promoted  from  First  Lieutenant  October  21,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6,  1865. 

FiRsr  Lieutenant  Thos.  Downey — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
O.,  August  12,  1862;  promoted  to  Captain  of  Company  D,  113th 
Regiment,  O.  V.  L,  January  13,  1863. 

First  Lieutenant  Wm.  A.  M.  Davis — Commissioned  at  Alpine, 
Ga.,  October  21,  1864;  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  6, 
1865. 

Second  Lieutenant  John  Dickkv — Commissioned  at  Columbus, 
O.,  August  12,  1862;  resigned  November  17,  1862. 

Second  Lieutenant  Francis  O.  Scarth — Commissioned  at  Zanes- 
ville,  O.,  November  17,  1862;  promoted  from  First  Sergeant  No- 
vember 17,  1862;  resigned  May  4,  1863. 

Second  Lieutenant  Jonathan  Watson — Commissioned  at  Colum- 
bus, O.,  November  15,  1863;  promoted  from  First  Sergeant  No- 
vember 15,  1863;  discharged  October  26,  1864,  by  Special  Order 
No.  336,  War  Department.     Declined  promotion. 

non-commissioned  officers. 

Mii.LEN  Hays,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August 
14,  1862;  promoted  from  Second  Sergeant  June  12,  1865;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  Warner,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22, 
1862;  mustered  out  with  Company. 

Wii.LiAM  DuRANT,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22, 
1862;  absent  on  furlough,  mustered  out. 

Geo.  F.  Wheeler,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22, 
1862;  absent  on  furlough;  mustered  out. 

Nathaniel  N.  Mason,  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August 
22,  1862;  promoted  from  First  Corporal  June  12,  1863;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 


Company  B.]  History  of  the  iijtii  O.  V.  I.  247 

Isaac   Collins,   Corporal — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  August    15, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Peter  H.  Whitehead,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August 

15,  1862;  on  detached  service  in  Ohio  since  February  12,  1864; 

mustered  out. 
Sylvester  Bailv,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  12, 

1862  ;  mustered  out  with  Company. 
Chas.  R.  Herrick,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22, 

1862;  sick  in  hospital  at  Columbus,  O.,  since  October  i,  1864; 

wounded  in  front  of  Resaca. 
John  Byrne,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  J862  ; 

sick  in  hospital  at  Columbus,  O.,  since  January  8,  1865  ;  wounded 

at  Kenesaw  June  27,  1864,  in  right  fore-arm. 
Isaac   Slocumb,  Corporal — Enrolled  at   Columbus,  O.,  August   22, 

1862  ;  sick  in  hospital  at  Columbus,  O.,  since  January  4,  1864. 

""  PRIVATES. 

Benjamin  Anderson — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  21,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

JosiAH  W.  Berger — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
absent  on  furlough  ;  mustered  out. 

Wm.  Burchin — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  21,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Benjamin  Burd — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  i86_^;  absent 
on  furlough  ;  mustered  out. 

Ja.mes  F.  Beard — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

James  A.  Blakely — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  16,  1862; 
hospital  nurse  at  Chattanoo"ga,  Tenn.,  June  26,  1864. 

Thomas  Barresford — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  8,  1863  ; 
sick  in  hospital  at  Lookout  Mt.,  (ia..  May  22,  1864. 

Fredrick  Boriuck — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  zt^^  1864  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

VVm.  H.  Cassiday — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  ab- 
sent on  furlough  at  Columbus,  O.;  mustered  out. 

Bazil  Conway — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  18O2;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Henry  M.  Capeli, — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  10,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  V.  Chapin — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22.  1862  ;  sick 
in  hospital  at  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  May  22,  1864. 


^4'"^  Evciy-day  SoUici  Lijc :  IMuslcr-uul  Roll 

JosEPHUS  CoNANT — Kiirolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1862  ;  ab- 
sent on  furlough  at  Columbus,  ().;  mustered  out. 

\Vm.  C.  Crwik.r — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Ci.o.  W.  Crank — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  15,  18C2;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Ja.mks  Conwav  —  Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  February  23,  18C4; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Isaac  Carv — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ( ).,  I'ebruary  18,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Comi)any. 

Chas.  Dkhou — Enrolled  at  C'olunibus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  absent 
on  furlough  at  Columbus,  O.;  mustered  out. 

Ai.vA  J.  Darnki.i. — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  August  22,  1862;  absent 
on  furlough  at  Columbus,  ().;  mustered  out;  died  December  11, 
1868. 

James  VV.  Dunlap — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  r862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  FR^■ — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  U.,  August  22,  1862;  absent  on 
furlough  at  Columbus,  C).;  mustered  out. 

Hknry  Kellkr — Enrolled  at  Madison,  O.,  January  20,  1864;  absent 
on  furlough  at  Columbus,  O.;  mustered  out. 

Ei,isHA  HiMROD — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  \Vith  Company. 

Sa.muel  Hoover — Enrolled  at  Columl)us,  U.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

\Vm.  1).  HicKv — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  3,  1865  ;  sick  in 
hospital  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C,  since  April  9,  1865. 

James  Hamilton — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  8,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Stephen  H.  Howei.i, — Enrolled  at  Clark  County,  (J.,  January  19, 
1864;   mustered  out  with  Company. 

William  Hesser — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  Fel)ruary  11,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Patrick  Jones — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  November  24,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

William  Jacobs — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  November  8,  1863; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Samuel  Looker — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  U.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Chas.  C.  Latham — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  3,  1863; 
sick  in  hospital  No.  2  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  October  8,  1864. 


Company  B.J  History  of  the  ujth  O.   V.  I.  249 

Charles  Lowk — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  ().,  December  29,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Joseph  Lowe — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  U.,  December  29,  1863;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company.      (Musician.) 

William  Lowe — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  4,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Joseph  Miller — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Lyman  W.  Marsh — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
absent  on  furlough  at  Columbus,  O.;  mustered  out. 

Robert  L.Moore — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  February  1,1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

WiltOxN  Osborn — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  Patterson — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1862; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Peter  Reeves — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mu.-5- 
tered  out  with  Compan)-. 

George  Rei — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  U.,  August  22,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Roi.Lix  Reed — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  U.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Elias  Remalv — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

William  Rejester — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

John  Scureman — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  ab- 
sent on  furlough  at  Columbus,  O.;  mustered  out. 

JUDSON  Swisher — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Russel  B.  Stewart — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

Adam  Snider — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  January  16,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Thebolt  Snider — Enrolled  at  Madison,  ().,  January  i,  1864;  mus- 
tered out. 

jAt:or,  Snider — Enrolled  at  Columbus.  O.,  February  24,  1864;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

Tames  Savely — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  C).,  February  24,  1864; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

29 


250  Evciy-diiy  SoUici  Lift :  [Miislcr-uul  Kull 

Andrew  Vanhoutkn — Enrolled  al  Columbus,  ().,  August  21,  1862  ; 
mustered  out  with  ('ompany. 

Solomon  Vanhokn — Enrolled  at  Cohunhus,  ().  Kcl)iuary  iS,  1.S64; 
mustered  out  with  Company. 

I  AMKS  VVhitk — Enrolled  at  l^rbaua,  ()..  November  25,  i<S63;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  Wilson — Enrolled  at  Irbana.  O.,  November  2S,  1S63;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

David  Vosi — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  mustered 
out  with  Company. 

Chas.  F.  Yost — Enrolled  ul  Culuinbu^,  ( ).,  August  22,  1862;  mus- 
tered out  with  Company. 

John  A.  Zellhkari' — Enrolled  al  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ; 
absent  on  furlough  at  C'olumbus,  (J.;  mustered  out. 


\V>L  IvA.Mi'.EKT — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  (la.,  Se])tember  20,  1863. 

John  J.  S\n'iH — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862  ;  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga,CTa.,  Sei)tember  20,1863.    (See  sketch.) 

Amos  D.  Lkady — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  27,  1864. 

Geo.  Workman — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  Nov.  23,  1863;  killed 
near  Rocky  Mountain,  South  Carolina,  b\  an  insane  soldier, 
February  24,  r865.     (See  sketch  in  Knapsack.) 

Alexander  Henry — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  November  25,  1863; 
killed  near  White  Oak  Bottom,  Maryland,  by  falling  from  the 
cars,  June  12,  1865.  (See  record  in  the  body  of  this  work  under 
June  13,  1865.) 

MISSINO     L\     AC  riON. 

Samuel   E.  Crank — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  (J.,  August    15,   1862; 

missing  September  20,  1863,  at  the  battle  of  ("hickamauga,  Gu. 
Wm.  Tho.nlas — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O., 'November  24,  1863;  missing 

June  27,   1864,  at  the  battle  of   Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. 


Albert  A.  Hodge — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1864; 
died  February  2j,  1863,  of  disease,  in  Hospital  No.  21,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 


Company  B.]  History  of  the  iJJth  O.  V.  I.  251 


Alf-red  Parker,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22, 

1862;  died  March  5,  1863,  of  disease,  in  Hospital  No.  9,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 
Austin    E.    Capel — Enrolled  at   Columbus,   O.,  August   22,    1862; 

died  March  7,   1863,  of  disease,  in   Hospital  No.  2  1,  Nashville, 

Tenn. 
John  E.  Dovil — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 

March  8,  1863,  of  disease,  at  Louisville,  Ky. 
Lucius  Ritchie — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died 

March  13,  1863,  of  disease,  in  Hospital  No.  9,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Arthur  Wharton — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August   22,   1862; 

died  April    18,  1863,  of  disease,  at  Regimental  Hospital,  Frank- 
lin, Tenn. 
Jacof.  Williamson — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  August   15,  1862  ; 

died  April  21,  1863,  of  smallpox,  in  Hospital  No.  11,  Nashville, 

Tenn. 
John   Rager — Enrolled   at   Columbus,   O.,  August   22,   1862  ;  died 

May  I,  1863,  of  disease,  in  Hospital  No.  16,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
John  M.  Whitehead — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1862  ; 

died  June  11,  1863,  of  chronic  diarrhea,  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  aged 

19  years. 
Geo.  Rush — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  died  July 

23,  1863,  of  congestive  chills,  in  Regimental  Hospital,  Shelby- 

ville,  Tenn. 
Christopher  Sowers — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1862  ; 

died    August  25,  1863,  of  chronic  diarrhea,  at    Hospital   No.  i, 

Nashville,  Tenn. 
Lewis   H.  Bell,  Sergeant — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  August    13, 

1862;  died  October  10,  1863,  at  Chattanooga,. Tenn.,  of  wounds 

received  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  20,  1863. 
Henry    H.  Kramer — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 

died  October  12,  1863,  at  field  hospital,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of 

wounds  received  at  th^  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September 

20,  1863. 
John  A.  Sinnett — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  15,  1862  ;  died 

January  14,  1864,  of  chronic  diarrhea  at  Division  Hospital  No. 

10,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Elijah    Cramer — Enrolled    at    Columbus,   O.,   February    i,    1864; 

died  August  27,  1864,  of  congestive  chills,  in  Field  Hospital  near 

Atlanta,  Ga. 


2^2  Every-itay  Soldier  Li/c :  [Miisler-oul  Roll 

i'mi.ow    Williams — Knrolled   ;it   Columl)us,  O.,  February    6,  1S64; 
died  Sei)leml)er  10,  1864,  of  aciitf  bronchitis,  in  Hospital  No.   1, 

Nasln  illc,  Tcnn. 
Hknkn   RoiUiiNs — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August    15,  1S62;  died 

July    I,  1.S64,  at   Mig   Shanty,  (la.,  of    wounds    received    at    the 

l)allle  of  Kencsau    .Mi.,  (ia.,  June  27,  1864. 
N.v'iH.w    H.  Smith — Knrolled   at  Columbus,  ( ).,  August    13,   1862; 

died  September  29,  1864,  of  disease  of  the  heart,  at  Camp  Den- 

nison,  O. 
Hknry  S.  Gin(;r\ — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  22,  1863;  died 

September  2,  1864,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  of   wounds  received 

while  on  duty  near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  9,  1864. 
IIknrv  H.  Lkkk — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  18,  1862  ;  died 

October  30,  1864,  of  disease,  at  Atlanta,  (ia. 
JOHN    C.  Ber(;er — Knrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  February   27.  1864; 

ilied    October  22,   1864,  of    chronic   diarrhea,   at    Chattanooga, 

'i'enn.,  aged  28  years;  was  in  action  at   Kenesaw,  Ca.,  June  27, 

1864,  and  Jonesboro,  Ga.,  September  i,  1864. 
W.\LL.\CE  Hogarth  — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  November  20,  1863; 

died  March  20,  1865,  at  field  hospital  near  Bentonville,  N.  C,  of 

wounds  received  at  the  battle  of  Bentonville,  N.  C. 
David  L.  (Ireen — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  12,  1862;  died 

December  30,    1864,  of   chronic   diarrhea,  at    Hospital    No.   2, 

Nashville,  Tenn. 

DISCHARGED. 

FLdward  Frisiok — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged January  31,  1863,  at  Columbus,  O.,  for  physical  disa- 
bility, by  order  of  Captain  A.  B.  Dodd. 

Ahram  Swartz — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged March  22,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  physical  disa- 
bility, by  order  of  General  Rosecrans. 

Samuel  S.  Wells,  Hospital  Steward — F^nrolled  at  Columbus,  ()., 
August  22,  1862;  discharged  April  28,  1863,  at  Franklin,  Tenn., 
for  physical  disability,  by  order  of  General  Rosecrans. 

John  C.  Green,  Corporal — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  21, 
1862;  discharged  April  14,  1863,  at  Columbus,  O.,  for  physical 
disability,  by  order  of  C'aptain  A.  B.  Dodd. 

Adam  M.  Rarev,  Corporal — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22, 
1862;  discharged  April  15,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  physi- 
cal disability,  by  order  of  (General  Rosecrans. 


Company  B.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  J.  253 

Enos  W.  Robb — Enrolled   at   Columbus,  O.,  August    15,  1862;  dis- 
charged April  25,  1863,  at   Franklin,  Tenn.,  for  i)hysical  disabil- 
ity, by  order  of  General  Rosecran^. 
Oliver  W.  Crow — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged August  27,  1863,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  physical  disa- 
bility, by  order  of  General  Rosecrans. 
John  W.  Williams — ELnrolled   at  Columbus,  O.,  August    22,  1862; 
discharged  June    14,  1864,  at  Camp   Dennison,  O.,  for  physical 
.disability,  by  order  of  General  Heintzleman. 
Wesley  Moore — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  dis- 
charged April  30,  1864,  at  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  by  order  of  General 
Thomas. 
Samuel  B.  Street — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August   14,    1862  ; 
discharged  February  4,  1865,  at  Tripler  Hospital,  Columbus,  O., 
on  account  of  wounds  received  at  the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Moun- 
tain, Ga.,  June  27,  1864,  by  order  of  General  Hooker. 
1'ktkr  Ealy — Enrolled   at   Columbus,   O.,  August    14,    1862;   dis- 
charged  May   II,  1865,  at  Columbus,  ().,  for  auchylosis  of  right 
ankle,  by  order  of  General  Hooker. 
Joseph  Lampit — Enrolled  at    Urbana,  O.,  December  3,  1863;  dis- 
charged  May  26,    1865,   at    Camp    Dennison,  O.,  by   order   of 
Adjutant  General  of  Ohio,  dated  May  3,  1865. 
Richard  B.  Harrison — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862; 
discharged  May  26,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  Adju- 
tant General  of  Ohio,  dated  May  3,  1865. 
Edward   I.  Hill — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  3,  1863;  dis- 
charged May  9,  1865,  at  Camp  Dennison,  O.,  by  order  Adjutant 
General  of  Ohio,  dated  May  3,  1865. 
Edward  B.  Whitehead,  Corporal — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  Au- 
gust  21,   1862;  discharged   May   9,  186*5,  ^t  Columbus,  O.,  on 
account  of  wounds  received  at  the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain 
June  27,  1864,  by  order  of  General  Hooker. 
\\\\.    DiTMAS — Enrolled   at    Dayton,   O.,  September  22,    1864;  dis- 
charged June  23,  1865,  at    Louisville,  Ky.,  by  War  Department 
order.  May  18,  1865. 
Henry  Patterson — Enrolled  at   Dayton,  O.,  September  21,    1864, 
discharged   June   23,   1865,   at    Louisville,  Ky.,  liy  War  Depart- 
ment order.  May   18,  1865. 
Alexander  Carpenter,  First  Sergeant — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O., 
August  14,   1862;  discharged  June   11,  1865,  at  Louisville,  Ky., 
to  accept   ])romotion  as   First    Lieutenant  of  Company  E,  1  t3th 
O.  V.  L 


2:^4  Every-iiay  SoUifi-LiJe :  [  Musler-out  Roll 


DKSKK  I  Kli. 

(li-.oRtiK  I'KiKRS — Knrolled  at  Colmnbiis,  ().,  Aii^uist  22.  iS6_';  dc- 
sertetl  Auj^ust  29,  1862,  at  Camp  Chase,  ( ). 

.\^\  l)i.()VKi.r — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  22,  1.S62;  deserted 
September  20.  1862,  at  Camp  Chase,  O. 

CvRUs  MiM.KK — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  21,  1S62;  de- 
serted November  16,  1862,  at  Zanesville,  ( ). 

I.\r(tii  Ai.MiRK — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1S62;  de- 
serted September  15,  1862,  at  Camp  Chase,  O. 

JosKPH  CiKRMAN — KuroUed  at  Urbana,  ().,  l)e(einl)cr  5,  1863;  de- 
serted August  29,  1864,  near  Atlanta,  Ca. 

IRANSKERRF.D. 

W'm.  N.  Yost,  Hospital  Steward — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August 
2Z^  1862;  transferred  to  non-commissioned  staff  September  30, 
1863,  bv  order  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  1 ).  15.  Warner,  command- 
ing 1  13th  O.  \'.  I. 

\\M.  H.  Hai.mdav,  Sergeant — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  15, 
1862;  transferred  to  non-commissioned  staff  as  (Quartermaster 
Sergeant,  December  13,  1863. 

Knoch  a.  Nkf.dles — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  ().,  August  13,  1863; 
transferred  to  \'.  R.  C.  April  10,  1864,  by  order  of  Secretary  of 
War. 

Israel  Gavman — Knrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  13,  1862; 
transferred  to  ist  U.  S.  \^  V.  Kngineers,  July  27,  1864,  by  order 
of  Colonel  W.  K.  Merril. 

John  Farlev — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  January  i,  1864;  transferred 
Ai)ril  6,  1864,  to  Company  K,  113th  Regiment,  or  by  order  (/ 
Major  L.  S.  Sullivant,  commanding  113th  O.  V.  I. 

l(tHN  Boi/i — Muster  and  descriptive  rolls  not  received  ;  transferred 
April  10,  1864,  to  Company  K,  113th  O.  V.  I.,  by  order  of 
Major  L.  S.  Sullivant,  commanding  113th  O.  V.  1. 

Ceo.  Carroll — Muster  and  descriptive  rolls  not  received;  trans- 
ferred April  10,  1864,  to  Company  K,  113th  O.  V.  1.,  by  order  of 
Major  L.  S.  Sullivant,  commanding  113th  ().  V.  I. 

Jacob  F.  Hees — Knrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  November  28,  1863  ;  trans- 
ferred April  28,  1864,  to  Company  K,  113th  C).  V.  I.,  by  order 
of  Major  L.  S.  Sullivant,  commanding  1  13th  O.  V.  I.  Killed  at 
Kenesaw. 


Company  B.]  History  of  the  iijth  O.  V.  I.  255 

\V.M.  H.  Whitney — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  November  28,  1S63; 
transferred  April  28,  1864,  to  Company  E,  113th  O.  V.  1.,  by 
order  of  Major  L.  S.  Sullivant,  commanding  113th  O.  V.  1. 

AuRAHA.M  Trimbee — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  December  2,  1863; 
transferred  April  28,  1864,  to  Company  C,  113th  O.  V.  I.,  by 
order  of  Major  L.  S. ♦Sullivant,  commanding  113th  ().  V.  I. 

Herbert  Norman — Enrolled  at  Urbana,  O.,  February  12,  1864; 
transferred  April  28,  1864,  to  Company  E,  i  r3th  ().  V.  I.,  by 
order  of  Major  L.  S.  Sullivant,  commanding   i  13th  O.  V.  1. 

David  Evans — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  trans- 
ferred January  1,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C,  Washington,  D.  C.,  by  order 
of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Frederick  L.  Stires — Enrolled  at  Cglumbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
transferred  January  i,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C,  Washington,  D.  C,  l)y 
order  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Henry  S.  Binkley — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  (J.,  August  22,  1862  ; 
transferred  to  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  November  16,  1862. 

W.M.  H.  Brown — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred to  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  November  16,  1862. 

\Vm.  Dellinger — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862;  trans- 
ferred to  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  November  16,  1862. 

Lincoln  Stephenson — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1S62; 
transferred  to  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  November  16,  1862. 

^V^I.  Stewart — Enrolled  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  22,  1862  ;  trans- 
ferred to  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  November  16,  1862. 


ROLL  OF  HONOR. 


NaMKS    i)K    Sol.DIKRs    Ol'     IHK     I   I  ,VI  H      K  1  l  i  1  M  I   N  I.   <  ).    \' .     I.,   WHO     \  K  I . 

l>ukiKi>  IN  National  C'kme  ikkiks. 


NuiK. — Sonit;  of  tlioc  were  removed  and  re-iiuerred  at  tlicir  foriiicr  Iidiiics, 

I'kikk  IJkown.  Private — C"on1[)an\   A;  died    June  6,   1863;   buried  in 

Section    C,  grave    No.  284,  in    National   Cemetery,  at   Nashville, 

Tenn. 
I'lios.  Cowi.iNi;,  Corporal — Company  .\  ;  died  .\i)ril   13,  1865;  l)uried 

in  Section   17,  ^rave  .No.  1  1  1,  in  .National  Cemetery,  at  Newbern. 

North  Carolina. 
|.  W.  Cakk,  I'rivate — Company  A;   died   .March  22,  1863;  buried  in 

Section    K,    grave    No.   487,  in    National    Cemetery,    Nashville. 

Tenn. 
W.    r.  Cochrax,  Private — Company  A;  died  March  14,  1863;  buried 

in   Section    K,  grave    No.  256,  in  National    Cemetery,  Nasliville, 

Tenn. 
1''.  M.  Ckaiu;,  Private — Company  A;  died  Sei)tcml)er  3,  1863;  buried 

in   Set;tion    I),  grave    No.  511,  in   National   Cemetery,  Nashville, 

'I'enn. 
Lvman  Carter,  Private — Comjjany  A;  died  March  20,  1863;  buried 

in  Section  -u,  grave  .No.  376.  in  National  Cemetery,  CHiattanooga, 

Tenn. 
I).  Ci.  l)oN,_  Private — Company  .\ ;  died   May    16,   1865;   section  and 

grave    number   not  given;   buried    in    New  Cemetery,  Newbern, 

N.  C. 
|()H\  BKRi;iiR,  Private — Company  P> ;  died  October  21,  1864;  buried 

in  Section  G.,  grave  No.  13,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 

Tenn. 
loHN    Bre(;gs — Company  B;  died   at   Columbus,  ().,  Fel)ruary    21, 

1864;  sent  home  for  burial. 
H.    H.    Cas.mer,   Private — Company    B ;  date    of  death    not    given: 

buried  in  Section  I),  grave  No.  954,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga. Tenn. 


Kull  of  Honor.]  History  of  the  iijlh  O.    V.  I.  ^57 


Wm.  Anderson,  Corporal — Company  C  ;  died  March  7,  1863;  buried 
in  Section  -f,  grave  No.  381,  in  National  Cemetery,  at  Murfrees- 
boro,  Tenn. 

Robert  Eritton,  Private — Company  C;  died  November  11,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  F,  grave  No.  627,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

John  Bover,  Private — Company  C;  died  October  21,  1863;  buried 
in  Section  H,  grave  No.  695,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

Andrew  ('onnolev.  Private — Company  C;  died  July  15,  1864;  bur- 
ied in  Section  J,  grave  No.  62,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

J.  F,  Cheek, Private — Company  L) ;  died  October  17,  1863;  buried  in 
Section  E,  grave  No.  1,145,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

VV.M  Braskette,  Private — Company  E;  died  March  1,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  C,  grave  No.  425,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

George  Conard,  Private — Company  E;  died  May  ii,  1863;  buried 
in  Section  E,  grave  No.  864,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

George  A.  Baker,  Private — Company  E ;  died  March  20,  1863; 
buried  in  Section  D,  grave  No.  598,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Harry  Blade,  Private — Company  F  ;  died  July  12,  1864;  buried  in 
Section  E,  grave  No.  674,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

Ed.  Crouse,  Second  Lieutenant — Company  F  ;  died  June  27,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  C,  grave  No.  bbb,  in  National  Cemeteiy, 
Marietta,  (ra. 

James  CooKSEV,  Private — Company  G;  died  September  ■^■],  1864; 
buried  in  Section  B,  grave  No.  92,  in  National  Cemetery,  New 
Albany,  Ind. 

A.  l)ENNis(JN,  Sergeant — Company  G;  date  of  death  not  given; 
buried  in  Section  1),  grave  No.  962,  in  National  Cemetery  at 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

G.  Uennison,  Private — Company  (i  ;  died  March  17,  1863;  buried 
in  Section  E,  grave  No.  674,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville. 
Tenn. 

J.  Bell,  Private — Com[Kiny  H  ;  died  July  12.  1864;  buried  in  Sec- 
tion K,  grave  No.  134,  in  National  ('emetery,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 


25 'S  Evcry-day  Soldier  Lijc :  [Koll  ul  Honor. 

J.  H.  UuRWKi.L,  Private — Company  H  ;  died  January  3,  JH64;  buried 
in  Section  B,  grave  No.  36,  in  Linden  (Irove  Cemetery,  Coving- 
ion,  Ky. 
C.  Chilles,  Corporal — Company  H  ;  date  of  death  not  given  ; 
buried  in  Section  D,  grave  No.  960,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 
F.  M.  Cloud,  Private — Company  H;  died  June  30,  1X64;  buried  in 

Section  J,  grave  No.  96,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  (la. 
W.  H.  H.  CoBLENTZ,   Private — Company    1;    died   August    1,    1864; 
buried  in  Section  F,  grave  No.  258,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 
Wm.    Collins,   Private — Company    1;    died    September     11,    1864: 
buried    in    Section    J,    grave    No.    38,    in    National    Cemetery, 
Marietta,  Ga. 
Jesse  Curtis,  Private — Company  1;  died  October  31,  1864;    buried 
in  Section  G,  grave  No.  1180,  m  National  Cemetery,  at  Marietta, 
Ga. 
E.  \\.  Jackson,  Private — Company  A;  died  June  27,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  1,  grave  No.  262,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga. 
L.  H.  Kennedy,  Private — Company  A;  died  June  27,  1864;    buried 
in  Section  I,  grave  No.  263,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga. 
Henry    Gingery,  Private — -Company   B;    died  September  2,  1864; 
buried  in    Section    F,  grave    No.  525,  in    National    Cemetery, 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
David  L.  Green,  Private — Company  B;    died   December  30,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  G,  grave  No.  508,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 
A.  A.  Hodge,  Private — Company  B;  died  February  21,  1863;   buried 
in    Section    E,  grave  No.  499,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 
W.\L   Kauson,  Corporal — Company   C;     dale  of    death    not    given; 
buried  in  Section  D,  grave  No.  961,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn.  • 
\\.  H.  H.  Goldsmith,  Private — Company  C" ;    died   June   22,    1863; 
Section  and  grave  No.  not  given;   buried  in  National   Cemetery, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 
J.   S.   (iiLLESPiE,   Private — Company   D;    died    Febriiarv     10,    1863; 
buried  in  Section  B,  grave  No.  7  18,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 
W  .  H.  HuNH,  Private — Company  D;  died  July   16,   1864;   grave  No. 
3,420,  in  National  Cemetery,  Anderson ville,  Ga. 


Roll  of  Hon^r.]  History  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  259 


Andrew  Heller,  Private — Company  E;  died  August  13,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  1,  grave  No.  37,  in  National  Cemetery, 
Marietta,  Ga. 

J.  G.  KiRKPATRicK,  Private — Company  F;  died  October  6,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  E,  grave  No.  2,805,  i"  National  Cemetery, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

John  Gray,  Private — Company  F  ;  died  April  14,  1863;  buried  in 
Section  +,  grave  No.  9,  in  Stone  River  National  Cemetery, 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

Jacob  Foster,  Private — Company  G ;  died  April  30,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  J,  grave  No.  99,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

P.  GoFFY,  Private — Company  G;  died  August  i,  1864;  grave  No. 
4,445,  in  National  Cemetery,  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Perry  Gerard,  Private — Company  G  ;  died  April  22,  1863;  buried 
in  Section  C,  grave  No.  347,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

H.  Gillenwater,  Private — Company  G  ;  died  February  25,  1863  ; 
buried  in  Section  E,  grave  No.  386,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Lewis  Green,  Sergeant — Company  G  ;  died  June  27,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  I,  grave  No.  27,  in  National   Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga. 

W.  R.  Hanawalt,  Lieutenant — Company  G ;  date  of  death  not 
given;  buried  in  Section  I),  grave  No.  964,  in  National  Ceme- 
tery, Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

VoLNEY  Holvcross,  Corporal — Company  H  ;  died  October  12,  1863  ; 
buried  in  Section  L,  grave  No.  334,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

Elisha  Kimball,  Private — Company  I ;  date  of  death  not  given  ; 
grave  No.  1,851,  in  National  Cemetery,  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

Michael  Kehal,  Corporal — Company  I;  died  August  21,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  F,  grave  No.  470,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

Jacob  Kelsing,  Private — Company  I ;  died  April  28,  1863  ;  buried 
in  Section  K,  grave  No.  274,  in  Stone  River  National 
Cemetery,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

Levi  Hemminger  Private — Company  K;  died  August  i,  18C4; 
buried  in  Section  F,  grave  No.  126,  in  National 'Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

E.  T.  Jones,  Private — Company  K;  died  June  27,  1864;  buried  in 
Section  I,  grave  No.  24,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  (ta. 


26o  Every-iiay  SoliUer  Life :  [Roll  ot  lldnor. 

Wm.  I.amhkrt,  Private — Company  li ;  date  of  dealli  not  given; 
hiiried  in  Section  1),  grave  No.  959,  in  National  Cemetery,  ("hat- 
tanooga,  Tenn. 

A.  I' A kKKK,  Corporal — C'ompany  H ;  died  March  5,  1863;  buried  in 
Section  K,  grave  No.  752,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 'I'enn. 

John  Racer,  Private — Company  15;  died  May  1,  1863;  Section  and 
grave  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
'I'enn. 

I.  Ri)\Ai.,  Private — Company  C ;  died  Mart:h  9,  1S63;  buried  in 
Section  K,  grave  No.  1,084,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

David  Nkal,  Private — Company  C ;  died  August  30,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  K,  grave  No.  2,920,  in  National  Cemelerv,  Naslnille, 
Tenn. 

J.  G.  Perkins,  Private — Company  C ;  died  Fel)ruary  14,  1863; 
grave  and  Section  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in  National  ("emetery, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

M.  C.  Messinger,  Corporal — Company  D;  date  of  death  not  given; 
buried  in  Section  A,  grave  No.  67,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

T.  Pratt,  Private — Company  1);  date  of  death  not  given;  buried 
in  Section  D,  grave  No.  958,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn. 

A.  Rose,  Private — Comi)any  I);  died  March  3,  1863;  Section  and 
grave  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

Peter  Miller,  Private — Company  R;  died  December  9,  1863;  Sec- 
tion and  grave  No.  unknown ;  buried  in  Stone  River  National 
Cemetery,  Murfreesboro. 

J.  McDowell,  Private — Company  E;  died  April  16,  1864;  Section 
and  grave  No.  unknown;  buried  in  Danville,  Va.,  a  prisoner  of 
war. 

Peter  McDowell,  Private — Company  E  ;  died  March  13,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  E,  grave  No.  1,093,  in  National  Cemetery, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

R.  P>.  Parker,  Private — Company  E;  died  February  22,  1863; 
buried  in  Section  E,  grave  No.  382,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Franklin  Russel,  Private — Company  E;  date  of  death  not  given  ; 
buried  in  Section  D,  grave  No.  956,  in  National  Cenieter\',  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 


Roll  of  Honor.]  History  of  the  iijih  O.  V.  I.  261 


VV.  H.  Lane,  Private — Company  F ;  died  December  31,  1863,  in  U. 
S.  Cieneral  Hosi)ital,  Division  No.  i  ;  l)uried  at  Annapolis,  Md.; 
had  been  a  prisoner. 

U.  A.  McCoMH,  Private — Company  F  ;  died  August  8,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  E,  grave  No.  758,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga. 

D.-vviD  Mitchell,  Private — Company  G;  date  of  death  not  given; 
buried  in  Section  D,  grave  No.  963,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

Oi'Ho  W.  Nigh,  Private — Company  G ;  died  February  7,  1864;  Sec- 
tion and  grave  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in  Stone  River  National 
Cemetery,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

1).  I).  Miller,  Private — Company  G  ;  died  March  25,  1863;  Section 
and  grave  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

F.  Peterson,  Corporal — Company  G ;  died  x\ugust  30,  1864;  grave 
No.  7,329,  in  National  Cemetery,  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Joseph    P.-vrker,  Lieutenant — Company   G;    died   June    27,    1864; 
buried    in    Section    C,  grave    No.  ccc,  in    National    Cemetery, 
Marietta,  Ga. 

J.  L.  RiGGiN,  Private — Company  G  ;  died  June  27,  1863;  Section 
and  grave  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Charles  Rosendale,  Private — Company  G;  died  June  i,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  H,  grave  No.  409,  in  National  Cemetery, 
Marietta,  Ga. 

R.  H.  McLean,  Private — Company  G;  died  February  3,  1863; 
buried  in  Section  B,  range  9,  grave  No  22,  in  Cave  Hill  Nation- 
al Cemetery,  Louisville,  Ky. 

J.  Price,  Private — Company  H;  date  of  death  not  given  ;  buried  in 
Section  D,  grave  No.  957,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

Jacob  Meyer,  Corporal — Company  I;  died  July  7,  1864;  buried  in 
Section  E,  grave  No.  535,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

\V^\L  McManas,  Private — Company  1;  died  May  3,  1864;  buried  in 
Section  K,  grave  No.  423,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

W'm.  McKnight,  Private — Company  I;  died  August  4,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  H,  grave  No.  605,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
'I'eniL 


262  Hvi'iy-ilay  Soli/iii  -l.i/c :  [Rull  of  Honor. 

j(iHN  Rooks,  Private — Clomiiany  I;  died  July  8,  1864;  l)uried  in 
Section  K.  t^rave  No.  566,  in  National  Cx-metery,  C'hatlanoo^a, 
'I'enn. 

|ami:s  McMahan,  Private — Company  K.  ;  died  November  30,  18^)4; 
buried  in  Section  1,  j^rave  No.  71,  in  soldiers'  lot,  Jeffersonvilk-, 
Ind. 

AzRO  Mann,  Private — Company  K;  died  October  31,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  E,  grave  No.  2,860,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

Hector  Morrin,  Private — Company  K;  died  June  30,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  J,  grave  No.  ioi,in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Cia. 

J.  H.  Newcomb,  Private — Company  K;  died  July  24,  1864;  grave 
and  Section  No.  unknown ;  buried  in  National  Cemetery, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

R.  R.  OsBORN,  Private — Company  K;  died  August  22,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  F,  grave  No.  359,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn. 

Levi  Ro.mine,  Private — Company  K;  died  June  27,  1864;  buried  in 
Section  1,  grave  No.  261,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  (ia. 

John  Weber,  Private — Company  A;  died  July  19,  1864,  buried  in 
Section  G,  grave  No.  1,35  i,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ca. 

M.  F.  BusHFiELD,  Private — Company  A;  date  of  death  not  given  ; 
original  burial,  Franklin  Tenn. ;  removed  to  National  Cemetery, 
Columbia,  in  Section  K,  grave  No.  49. 

LvMAX  Carter,  Private — Company  A;  died  March  20,  1863;  origi- 
nal burial,  Franklin,  Tenn.  ;  removed  to  National  Cemetery, 
Columbia,  in  Section  N,  grave  No.  21. 

Nathan  H.  Smith,  Private — Company  B;  died  October  i,  1864; 
Section  and  grave  number  unknown  ;  buried  in  National  Ceme- 
tery, Dennison. 

Philo  WiLLiA.MS,  Private — Company  B;  died  September  10,  1864: 
buried  in  Section  F,  grave  No.  166,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Simon  Warner,  Private — Company  C  ;  died  August  29,  1864;  buried 
in  Section  C,  grave  No.  140,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga. 

Hiram  Wilcox,  Private — Company  C  ;  died  June  27,  1864;  buried 
in  Section   I,  grave  No.  2,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga. 

I.  E.  Williams,  Private — Company  C;  died  A])ril  15,  1863;  buried 
in  Section  +,  grave  No.  367,  in  Stone  River  National  Cemetery, 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 


Roll  of  Honor.]  History  of  the  iijtii  O.  V.I.  263 

VVm.  Anderson,  Corporal — Company  C;  died  March  17,  1863;  origi- 
nal burial,  Franklin,  Tenn.  ;  removed  to  National  Cemetery 
Columbia,  in  Section  N,  grave  No.  26. 

John  Williams,  Private — Company  C;  died  April  15,  1863;  original 
burial,  Franklin,  Tenn. ;  removed  to  National  Cemetery,  Colum- 
bia, in  Section  N,  grave  No.  12. 

Wm.  Mellen,  Private — Company  C;  died  March  26,  1863;  original 
burial,  Franklin,  Tenn. ;  removed  to  National  Cemetery,  Colum- 
bia, in  Section  K,  grave  No.  t^-X)- 

John  H.  Price,  Private — Company  C;  died  April  4,  1864;  oiiginal 
burial,  Franklin,  Tenn. ;  removed  to  Columbia,  in  Section  K, 
grave  No.  39. 

\S .  C.  Mason,  Private — Company  D;  died  March  24,  1863;  original 
burial,  Franklin,  Tenn.;  removed  to  National  Cemetery,  Colum- 
bia, in  Section  N,  grave  No.  29. 

Edward  Williams,  Private — Company  D;  died  November  20,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  E,  grave  No.  2,869,  in  National  (Cemetery, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

A.  P.  Wright,  Private — Company  D;  died  February  16,  1863;  bur- 
ied in  Section  E,  grave  No.  1,231,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

H.  A.  Wells,  Private — Company  D;  died  February  20,  1863;  Sec- 
tion and  grave  unknown ;  buried  in  National  Cemetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Anthony  Schimmel,  Private — Company  E;  died  August  7,  1864; 
buried  in  Section  E,  grave  No.  759,  in  National  Cemetery,  Mari- 
etta, Ga. 

Henry  C.  Scorr,  Sergeant — Company  E ;  died  June  27,  1863;  bur- 
ied in  Section  J,  grave  N'o.  79,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta, 
Ceorgia. 

A.   I.  W^ard,    Private — Company    IC  ;  died    July    18,  1863;  buried    in 
Section  C,  grave  No.  342,  in  National  Cemetery,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
John   Cray,    Private — Company    F;  died   April    14,    1863;  original 
burial,  Franklin,  Tenn. ;  removed  to  National  Cemetery,  Colum- 
bia, in  Section  K,  grave  No.  9. 

Amos  Rich,  Pri\ate — Company  F;  died  March  25,  1863;  original 
burial,  Franklin,  Tenn.;  removed  to  National  Cemetery,  Colum- 
bia, in  Section  K,  grave  No.  36.  , 

M.  S.mith,  Private — Company  Ci  ;  died  October  19,  1863;  buried  in 
Section  I),  grave  No.  953,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 


264  liiti  y-iiiiy  Soldier  I.ijc :  ]  Koll  ol  lltnu)!". 

Hkzkkiah    Suvek,    Private — Company    (1;    died    March    26,    1864; 
buried  in  Section  K,  grave  No.  130,  in  National  Cemetery,  C'liat- 

lanooga,  Tciin. 
WM.  SiNSKi.,  Private— Company  H  ;  died   February  9,  1863;  buried 

in  Section   B,  range   12,  grave   No.  62,  in   Cave    Hill    National 

C'emetery,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Ci.  Snyder,  Private — Company    11:    died    .March    17,  1S63;    Section 

and  grave  No.  unknown  ;  luiricd    m    National    Cemetery,  Nash- 

\illc,  Tenn. 
r>.    1'".   TowNSEM),    Private — Company    Pi;    died    August     19,    18O3; 

buried  in  Section   E,  grave    No.  355,  in    Stone    River   National 

Cemetery,  near  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
Geo.  H.  Wilson,  Private — Company  H;  died  at  Columbus,  ().,vScp- 

tcmber  5,  1864;    Section    and   grave    No.    unknown;    buried    in 

Kees'  graveyard,  east  of  Columbus. 
Thos.  Perry,  Private — Company   H  ;    died  June  2,  1863;  buried  in 

Section  1,  grave  No.  94,  in  National  Cemetery,  Columbia. 
S.  Thompson — Company  1  ;  date  of  death  not  given  ;  buried  in  Sec- 
tion A,  grave  No.  84,  in  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Randolph    Weher,   Private — Company   1;    died   August    13,    1863; 

Section  and  grave  No.  unknown  ;  buried  in   National   Cemetery, 

Camp  P>ennison,  O. 
C'has.West,  Private — Company  I;  died  March  19,  1864;  buried   in 

Section  A,  grave   No.   41,  in    National    Cemetery,  Chattanooga. 

Tenn. 
Jacou  Kelsing,  Private — Company  1;  died  April    28,  1863;  buried 

in  Section  I,  grave  No.  84,  in  National  Cemetery,  Columbia. 
H.  Wilburn,  Corporal — Company  1;    died   March  5,  1863;  Section 

and  grave   No.  unknown  ;  buried  in   National   ("cmetery,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 
J.  Wilkinson,  Private — Company  K  ;  died  June  27.  1864;   buried  in 

Section  I,  grave  No.  8,  in  National  Cemetery,  Marietta,  (ia. 


OUR  KNAPSACK 


31 


OUR  KNAPSACK. 


[Under  this  head  have  been  arranged  anecdotes,  sketches,  incidents,  and 
other  matter  pertaining  to  camp,  held  and  bivouac,  which  have  been  mainly 
contributed  by  members  of  the  command.  That  this  department  will  prove  to 
be  full  of  interest  to  the  members  of  the  regiment  and  to  their  descendants  to 
remote  generations,  there  can  l)e  no  doubt.] 


PRISON    LIFE 


A     STORY    OF    CAPTURE,     IMPRISONMENT     AND    SUFFERING     IX     REl:EL 
PRISONS    OF    THE    SOUTH. 


H\   J.  N.   Hall,  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  O.  V.   I. 

In  writing  the  following  narrative  of  prison  life,  I  shall  begin  at 
the  battle  at  which  I  was  captured,  the  bloody  field  of  Chickaniauga, 
which  was  fought  on  the  19th  and  20th  of  September,  1863. 

We  had  been  following  the  rebel  army  under  Bragg  all  the  way 
from  Shelbyville  to  Chattanooga,  and  had  about  given  up  the  hope 
of  his  giving  us  battle.  Our  corps,  under  General  Gordon  Granger, 
had  pitched  our  tents  near  Rossville,  an  insignificant  village,  near 
five  miles  south  of  Chattanooga,  and  were  now  resting  from  the 
tiresome  marches  of  the  several  days  previous.  On  the  third  day 
after  our  halt,  the  division  (Steedman's)  to  which  we  were  attached, 
started  on  a  reconnoisance  in  the  direction  of  Ringgold  and  Tunnel 
Hill,  a  distance  of  nearly  twenty  miles  from  our  camp.  The  Con- 
federates were  reported  to  be  in  that  direction  with  a  strong  force, 
and  the  object  of  our  movement  was  to  ascertain  his  position  and 
strength. 

Late  in  the  afternoon,  and  within  three  miles  of  Ringgold,  we 
encountered  the  outposts  of  the  enemy,  driving  them  in,  and  appro- 
priating their  half-cooked  supper  of  yams  and  sweet  potatoes,  which 
we  found  cooking  in  iron  kettles. 

Halting  about  a  mile  from  town,  we  placed  six  pieces  of  artillery 
in  a  commanding  position,  and,  for  a  time,  paid  our  compliments  to 
our  enemies  after  the  cast  iron  fashion.  I  was  sent  with  a  sc[uad  of 
men  to  the  top  of  a  hill  on  our  left  to  ascertain  and  report  any 
aggressive  demonstration  of  the  foe,  but  nothing  occurred  of  import- 
ance. Our  division,  having  accomplished  the  object  of  the  trip,  began 
to  fall  back  toward  Rossville  late  in  the  evening,  and  I  was  ordered 


2()ii  Our    A'//(r/>i(i(/y'. 

U)  move  in  tlic  rear  with  my  siiiuid.  The  Confederates,  ascertaininii 
tliat  we  were  falling  back,  pressed  our  rear,  and  for  several  miles, 
and  until  darkness  came  on,  a  brisk  skirmish  fight  was  kept  up,  ir. 
which  our  loss  was  three  killed  and  eight  or  ten  wountled.  We  had 
now  real  hed  a  scope  of  heavy  timber,  and  were  permitted  to  move 
on  unmolested.  Coming  at  length  to  a  level  piece  of  bottom  land, 
through  which  runs  the  stream  Chickamauga,  we  forded  the  stream 
and  went  into  camp  on  the  edge  of  the  jjrairie  near  a  strip  of  timber. 
It  was  now  nearly  ten  o'clock  at  night,  and  our  cam])  fires  were  soon 
blazing  in  the  necessary  preparations  for  supper  and  rest.  During 
the  afternoon  1  had  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  my  darkey  who  carried 
my  haversack  and  blankets,  but  Cai)tain  Bowersock  generously 
shared  with  me  his  rations,  and,  sujiper  being  over,  we  stretched 
ourselves  on  the  ground  with  our  feet  to  the  fire,  congratulating  our- 
selves that  we  might  rest  for  the  remainder  of  the  night.  Our  enemies 
had  calculated  otherwise,  for,  just  as  Morpheus  was  escorting* us  into 
the  dim  land  of  dreams,  we  were  startled  by  the  report  of  a  cannon 
shot,  and  the  whiz  of  a  shell  filled  the  air  above  our  heads.  This 
was  followed  by  others  in  rapid  succession,  until  the  air  seemed  alive 
with  screaming,  screeching,  exploding,  deadly  missiles.  To  s])ring  to 
our  feet,  seize  our  arms  and  extinguish  our  fires,  was  but  the  work  of 
a  few  seconds.  All  was  confusion  for  a  time,  but,  changing  our  posi- 
tion for  another  that  seemed  to  promise  security,  we  again  lay  down 
and  rested  unmolested  till  dawn. 

Returning  to  the  vicinity  of  Rossville,  our  former  camp,  we  re- 
mained the  greater  part  of  the  day,  and  being  within  a  few  miles  of 
the  battle,  which  opened  early  in  the  morning,  we  could  hear  the 
roar  of  cannon  and  the  din  of  battle  as  it  progressed.  This  was 
Saturday,  September  19th,  the  first  day  of  the  conflict.  None  of  us 
comprehended  the  extent  of  the  engagement  now  pending,  nor  did 
we  realize  that  the  day  and  the  morrow  would  l)e  fraught  with  the 
mighty  events  that  have  since  passed  into  history. 

About  dusk  we  received  orders  to  march  immediately,  and,  leaving 
our  tents  and  personal  effects  in  charge  of  a  light  guard,  we  were 
soon  moving  at  a  t[uick  pace  in  the  direction  of  Chickamauga  Creek 
and  the  fatal  field.  At  the  distance  of  six  miles  we  halted,  and 
si)ent  the  night  without  fires,  though  the  night  was  frosty  and  cold. 

The  sun  had  scarcely  risen  the  next  (Sunday)  morning,  when  the 
opening  roar  of  cannon  to  the  southeast  of  us  told  that  the  bloody 
work  of  the  day  had  begun.  After  a  hurried  breakfast  we  fell  in  line 
and  advanced  about  two  miles  to  the  east,  where  we  halted  and  threw 
out  a  line  of  pickets.  As  the  day  advanced  the  roar  of  cannon  be- 
came incessant,  and  the  noise  of  musketry  was  a  deafening  accom- 
paniment. We  could  see  the  sulphur  smoke  of  battle,  and  its  local- 
ity indicated  to  us  the  position  of  the  deadly  combatants.  We  were 
all  on  the  tip-toe  of  excitement;  some  seemed  anxious  to  go  forward 
and  share  in  the  struggle  with  the  foe  ;  others  shrank  and  grew  pale ; 
but  truth  compels  me  to  say  that  in  the  hours  that  followed,  the  timid 
and  the  bold  fought  with  ecpial  bravery. 


Our  Knapsack.  269 

About  half  past  nine  o'clock  the  bugle  called  us  to  arms,  and  we 
were  hurried  at  double  quick  toward  the  scene  of  battle.  Presently 
we  came  to  where  the  dead  and  wounded  lay  scattered  over  the  field, 
the  surgeons  busy  attending  to  the  latter.  This  was' a  trying  moment, 
for,  as  we  were  hurried  along,  we  crossed  a  level,  open  piece  of 
ground,  and  the  enemy  appearing  in  the  woods  on  our  left,  opened  a 
deadly  artillery  fire  upon  us,  and,  strange  as  it  may  appear,  our  line 
crossed  that  space  of  several  hundred  yards  and  not  a  man  was  in- 
jured. Striking  the  timber  again,  we  came  very  nearly  entering  the 
enemy's  lines.  General  Steedman  rode  up,  his  horse  covered  with  a 
heavy  lather  of  sweat,  and  gave  orders  to  file  to  the  right.  We  hur- 
ried through  a  corn  field  and  took  our  position  in  the  timber.  vStray 
balls  were  flying  around  with  a  continual  spatter.  In  five  minutes 
after  coming  to  a  halt  we  were  ordered  to  charge  up  the  rising  ground 
in  our  front.'  Obeying,  we  met  the  flying  remnant  of  a  regiment  of 
our  troops,  who  were  being  swept  by  the  enemy  from  the  position  to 
which  we  were  advancing;  but  on  we  went,  and,  reaching  the  sum- 
mit, we  met  the  enemy  in  overwhelming  numbers.  Now  came  the 
tug  of  war.  Grape,  canister,  shot,  shell,  and  other  death-dealing 
projectiles,  made  of  our  ranks  a  harvest  of  death,  and  in  five  minutes 
nearly  one-fourth  of  our  regiment  was  either  killed  or  wounded. 
Utter  destruction  awaited  us.  We  wavered,  gave  way,  and  fled  down 
the  hill  in  disorder.  Reaching  a  somewhat  sheltered  position  we 
halted,  and,  re-forming,  lay  down  in  line  of  battle.  Shells  and  cannon- 
balls  were  doing  their  deadly  work,  cutting  trees  and  large  branches 
which,  in  their  fall,  sent  consternation  and  sometimes  death  into  our 
ranks.     One  limb  in  its  fall  killed  two  men. 

Our  division  was  now  occupying  the  brow  of  a  hill,  with  orders  to 
hold  it  to  the  very  last  moment.  The  men  hugged  the  ground,  load- 
ing and  firing  continually,  each  man  as  fast  as  he  could.  The  deaf- 
ening roar  of  musketry  and  the  boom  of  cannon  drowned,  in  a  great 
measure,  the  shrieks  of  the  wounded  and  dying.  Every  moment  was 
heitrd  the  dull  thud  which  told  that  another  had  been  killed  or 
wounded.  A  {q^^  yards  to  my  right  stood  a  man  behind  a  tree  a  foot 
in  diameter.  He  was  loading  and  firing  at  will,  intent  on  killing  all 
he  could.  But  the  brave  fellow's  earthly  career  was  cut  short  by  a 
cannon  ball  which  struck  the  tree  four  feet  from  the  ground,  cutting 
the  tree  off,  and  killing  the  man  so  suddenly  that  he  never  knew 
how  he  was  struck. 

We  held  our  position  till  nearly  sundown.  Nearly  half  the  men 
in  our  company  and  the  regiment  were  killed,  wounded  or  missing, 
and  at  each  successive  moment  our  ranks  were  melting  under  the 
terrific  fire  of  death  which  continued  to  assail  us.  We  had  done  all 
that  brave  men  could  do  to  hold  our  position,  and  further  stay  here 
seemed  death  to  the  remainder.  At  length  an  order  was  received  to 
fall  back,  and  the  field  with  our  gallant  dead  and  wounded  was  left 
to  the  foe.  After  proceeding  a  short  distance  I  turned  aside  in  com- 
pany with  comrade  Clark,  of  Company  B,  and,  as  we  again  turned  to 
run  and  rejoin  our  retreating  column,  Clark  was  struck  by  a  ball  and 


270  On  I    K/iapsiii'k. 

instantly  killed.  I  caught  him  in  my  arms  and  laid  him  on  the 
ground,  and,  beini;  unable  to  render  him  any  assistance  in  his  last 
moments,  except  at  the  risk  of  my  life,  1  again  ran  forward.  As  1 
ran  down  the  hill  I  came  near  to  a  poor  fellow  wh(^se  leg  had  just 
been  shot  away  midway  between  the  knee  and  foot.  He  begged  me 
for  C'lod's  sake  to  stop,  and  though  the  balls  were  flying  thick  and 
fast,  I  could  not  refuse  him.  I  tied  up  his  leg  as  well  as  1  could, 
and,  as  I  rose  to  run  again,  my  canteen  dropped  to  the  ground. 
Stooping  to  pick  it  up,  I  noticed  that  the  strap  was  cut  asunder  by  a 
ball,  and  this  made  me  decide  to  let  the  canteen  take  care  of  itself, 
and  hurried  forward  as  fast  as  1  coulti  run. 

Reaching  the  gulch  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  1  discovered  that  our 
forces  had  been  re-enforced,  or  had  been  able  to  re-form,  and  were 
now  in  position  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  gulch,  on  the  high 
ground,  and  were  oj^ening  fire  on  the  advancing  rebels.  'This  placed 
me  under  the  fire  of  friend  and  foe,  and  doubled  my  danger. 

Two  others,  left  by  their  commands,  were  trying  to  find  shelter  be- 
hind a  double  tree  which  grew  in  the  gulch.  While  1  argued  with 
them  that  there  was  room  for  a  third,  one  of  them  was  shot  through 
the  hips.  1  then  concluded  that  I  did  not  want  the  place,  and  at 
once  started  down  the  gulch,  hoping  to  reach  a  place  of  safety  by 
flanking  friend  and  foe. 

I  plunged  into  the  thick  undergrowth,  feeling  that  1  had  hopes  of 
escape,  but  I  ran  right  into  a  regiment  of  Confederates  lying  con- 
cealed in  the  thick  undergrowth.  A  half  dozen  muskets  were  pointed 
at  me,  and  I  was  ordered  to  surrender.  I  had  no  alternative  to  do 
otherwise,  and  accepted  the  situation. 

I  saw  that  the  regiment  or  brigade  into  whose  midst  1  had  run  was 
bent  on  some  particular  object,  for  they  were  creeping  along  cautiously, 
and  lying  close  to  the  ground.  I  asked  my  captors  if  I  might  stand 
behind  a  tree,  which  would  shelter  me  from  the  fire  of  our  own  troops, 
being  a  prisoner,  I  did  not  wish  to  be  killed  by  my  friends.  To  this 
they  consented,  and  for  a  brief  time  a  friendly  oak  protected  me. 
The  balls  from  our  troops  were  flying  dangerously  near,  and  the 
dead  and  wounded  of  both  armies  were  to  be  seen  all  around  me. 
At  length  there  came  a  momentary  lull  in  the  firing,  but  this  was 
followed  by  a  storm  of  shot,  shell  and  musketry  poured  into  the  ranks 
of  the  rebels  by  the  Union  troops,  almost  annihilating  them.  They 
fell  back,  leaving  large  numbers  of  their  dead  and  wounded,  and 
also  leaving  me  behind  the  tree  to  care  for  myself.  I  hesitated  how 
to  proceed,  but  concluded  to  pursue  my  flight  down  the  gulch  in  the 
bare  hope  of  finding  an  open  space  through  which  1  might  escape 
the  foe  and  rejoin  my  retreating  friends.  I  had  proceeded  but  a  short 
distance  when  I  ran  into  a  second  line  of  the  enemy,  and  was  again 
a  prisoner.  It  was  now  sundown,  and  the  work  of  that  bloody  Sab- 
bath was  drawing  to  a  close  ;  the  fighting  ceased  to  be  general,  and 
the  enemy  at  once  took  the  best  means  of  securing  the  hard-earned 
fruits  of  the  day's  conflict.  I  was  hurried  to  the  rear  and  joined  to 
a  sc^uad  of  near  two  hundred  other  prisoners,  and  as  night  came  on. 


Our  Knapsack.  271 

we  remained  on  the  field  under  a  strong  guard.  I  dare  not  recall  the 
feelings  that  robbed  me  of  slumber  during  that  long  night.  I  would 
not  recall  them  if  I  could.  One  of  the  most  painful  recollections  of 
one  who  has  gone  through  a  battle,  is  that  of  the  friends  lying 
wounded  and  dying,  and  who  need  that  help  which  he  is  utterly 
unable  to  give.  I  suffered  this  and  much  more,  for,  as  the  weary 
hours  wore  away,  the  pangs  of  defeat  and  the  consciousness  that  we 
had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  merciless  enemy,  added  to  the  terror  of 
our  situation. 

The  next  morning  most  of  the  Union  prisoners  who  were  not 
wounded,  were  set  to  the  work  of  caring  for  the  wounded  Union 
troops,  who,  being  unable  to  leave  the  field,  had  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  the  rebels.  Nearly  all  the  wounded  of  both  armies  were  yet  on 
the  field,  and  in  general,  uncared  for.  There  was  a  vast  number  of 
each  class,  and  the  work  of  collecting  them  together  and  giving  the 
necessary  attention  to  each  man,  was  a  task  a  hundred  fold  greater 
than  could  be  performed.  This  was  Monday  morning,  and  the  battle 
had  raged  for  the  two  days  before,  over  an  area  of  field  and  woods  of 
several  miles  in  extent.  We  prisoners  were  permitted  to  care  for  our 
wounded  as  best  we  could,  but -the  most  we  could  do  for  them  was 
to  bring  them  water  and  give  them  such  acts  of  attention  as  our 
limited  means  afforded.  Hundreds  died,  who,  with  proper  medical 
attention  in  time,  might  have  lived  and  recovered.  It  is  probably 
due  to  our  foes  to  say  that  their  time  was  fully  employed  in  the  care 
of  their  own  wounded,  and  that  the  inattention  given  to  ours,  was  a 
necessity,  and  beyond  their  control.  We  collected  fifty  or  more  of 
our  comrades  together,  and  placed  them  in  an  old  house  and  shed 
adjoining.  This  house,  and  its  surroundings,  showed  many  evidences 
of  the  conflict,  as  several  holes  were  to  be  seen  in  it  which  had  been 
made  by  cannon  balls.  It  stood  in  what  had  been  a  cornfield,  but 
the  fences  and  the  crop  and  nearly  everything  but  the  naked  house 
and  the  ground  on  which  it  stood,  had  been  swept  away  by  the  battle. 

Besides  this  house,  there  were  numbers  of  other  places  on  various 
parts  of  the  field  of  battle  where  our  wounded  were  collected  and 
cared  for  by  the  well  prisoners,  if  such  attention  as  we  were  able  to 
give  them,  might  be  called  care  and  attention.  By  Tuesday,  after 
Sunday's  battle,  we  had  many  more  wounded  on  our  hands  than  we 
could  possibly  attend  to,  yet  many  perished  for  lack  of  attention. 
The  rebels  were  still  busy  attending  their  wounded  and  burying  their 
dead  ;  our  dead  being  as  yet  ^mburied,  the  work  of  decay  had  set  in 
and  the  stench  produced  thereby  was  insufferable.  This  state  of 
affairs  made  the  condition  of  our  unfortunate  comrades  the  more 
deplorable,  for  to  be  compelled  to  inhale  the  tainted  atmosphere  was, 
of  itself,  horrible. 

The  family  wh(j  owned  the  house  we  were  occupying,  and  who  had 
been  driven  from  it  by  the  battle,  returned  on  Tuesday  following  the 
battle.  Everything  of  a  personal  character,  except  the  house,  had 
been  destroyed  or  swept  away  by  the  contending  armies,  and  the  situ- 
ation upon  the  return  of  the  family  was  anything  but  inviting  and 


272  Our   K/nipSiuk. 

;i;4ret';il)lc.  The  old  lady,  a  tall,  angular  woman,  with  a  Roman  nose 
and  dark  penetrating  eye,  was  fired  with  malicious  rage  towards  the 
\'ankees.  Coming  into  the  house  and  finding  tlie  tloor  covered  with 
the  suffering  wounded,  siie  gave  vent  to  her  feelings  in  a  tirade  which 
1  shall  never  wish  to  hear  repeated,  and  whicii  1  can  never  forget. 
"  Oh,  you  wretclies,"  said  she,  "  I  am  glad  to  hear  you  groan,  if  ] 
durst,  I  would  set  fire  to  the  house  and  burn  it  over  your  heads.*" 
And  I  think  she  would  have  done  so,  l)ut  for  fear  of  the  guards,  who, 
I  must  say,  treated  us  kindly.  A  brave  soldier,  let  him  fight  on 
whatever  side  he  may,  is  always  magnanimous  and  merciful  to  his 
captive.  It  is  the  dastard  and  coward  who  uses  this  opportunity  to 
inflict  ujjon  his  heli)less  captive  a  humiliation  or  insult. 

On  Wednesday,  September  23d,  1  got  permission  to  go  over  that 
part  of  the  battlefield  on  which  the  i  13th  had  fought  on  Sunday 
afternoon,  thinking  I  might  find  some  of  my  comrades  of  the  regiment 
who  were  yet  alive,  and  to  whom  I  might  be  of  some  service.  1  found 
every  bush  and  tree  bearing  the  marks  of  the  conflict:  every  object 
was  marked  with  grape,  cannon  and  rifle  balls  ;  even  the  small  twigs 
had  been  cut  down,  and  the  forest  appeared  as  though  a  mighty 
whirlwind  had  swe|)t  through  it.  I  counted  on  one  tree  the  marks 
of  forty  shots,  and  the  wonder  is  that  any  man  could  stand  in  such 
a  place  and  live  for  a  moment. 

I  found  our  dead  here  and  there,  lying  where  they  fell — sometimes 
singly,  sometimes  in  groups,  all  unburied.  I  recognized  the  faces  of 
a  number  of  the  1 13th,  among  the  dead  ;  many  of  the  wounded  were 
yet  alive,  but  all  1  could  do  for  the  i)Oor  fellows  was  to  give  them  a 
drink  of  water.  Captain  Joshua  M.  Wells,  Company  C,  113th  O.  V. 
I.,  was  still  alive,  having  been  shot  through  the  left  lung.  He  was 
fully  conscious,  and  expressed  hopes  of  recovery.  Giving  what  atten- 
tion I  could,  I  returned  to  our  hospital  at  the  old  house,  and  giving 
an  old  man  two  dollars,  I  had  the  Captain  brought  in  and  placed 
where  I  could  give  him  attention.  Here  I  gave  him  all  possible  care, 
but  under  the  circumstances  very  little  extra  care  could  be  bestowed 
upon  a  single  one. 

Captain  Wells  lived  till  the  following  Sunday,  September  27th,  and 
met  death  like  a  heroic  Christian  soldier.  While  1  attended  him,  he 
expressed  a  great  desire  that  his  body  should  be  sent  home  to  his 
family  at  Columbus,  O.,  in  case  of  his  death.  I  assured  him  it  should 
be  done  if  possible,  but  I  felt  utterly  powerless  to  do  so.  The  Cap- 
tain's body  was  laid  in  a  grave  prepared  by  my  hands  ;  I  also  marked 
his  grave  by  a  headboard,  cutting  thereon  his  name,  company  and 
regiment.  I  afterwards  wrote  to  his  widow,  giving  her  an  account  of 
the  incidents  of  his  closing  hours,  and  of  the  sad  rites  I  had  per- 
formed. Some  months  later,  when  the  Federal  troops  obtained 
jX)ssession  of  the  battlefield,  the  body  was  exhumed  and  sent  home 
in  a  good  state  of  preservation. 

For  a  week  following  the  Captain's  death  we  remained  in  this  place, 
continually  burdened  with  the  care  of  the  wounded  and  the  burial  of 
the  dead.      Up  to  this  time,  fourteen  days  after  the  conflict,  the  dead 


/.   A'.  HALL. 


Our  Knapsack.  273 

were  not  all  buried,  and  the  stench  arising  from  the  decaying  bodies, 
surpassed  all  description,  and  I  am  inclined  to  think  caused  the 
speedy  death  of  many  of  our  wounded. 

An  exchange  of  wounded  prisoners  on  both  sides,  was  now  effected 
by,  and  between  Oeneral  Rosecrans  and  General  Bragg.  We  prisoners 
who  had  remained  thus  in  care  of  the  sick,  had  allowed  ourselves  to 
hope  that  we  would  be  included  in  the  exchange ;  but  we  were 
doomed  to  disappointment,  for,  on  the  day  following,  we  were  mus- 
tered into  line,  our  name,  company  and  regiment  listed,  and  we  were 
marched  to  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Chattanooga  and  Ring- 
gold, where  we  were  loaded  in  box  cars,  a  hundred  men  to  each  car, 
and  sent  south  to  Atlanta.  Remaining  two  days  at  Atlanta,  we  were 
again  loaded  on  a  train  and  sent  to  Richmond,  Va.,  arriving  at  our 
destination  about  the  loth  or  12th  of  October,  1863. 

None  of  us  had  believed  that  our  imprisonment  would  last  but  a 
few  days,  and  had  expected  nearly  every  day  before  leaving  northern 
Georgia,  to  be  exchanged  and  returned  to  our  commands.  Upon 
arriving  at  Richmond,  we  were  marched  across  two  long  bridges, 
which  span  the  James  river,  below  the  falls,  and  thence  down  a  street 
running  parallel  with  the  river,  and  thence  into  the  famous  building 
known  as  Libby. 

Libby  stood  on  the  bank  of  the  James.  It  was  a  long,  brick  build- 
ing, with  basement  and  two  stories,  and  had  probably  been  used  as  a 
wholesale  tobacco  house.  The  long  way  of  the  building  was  up  and 
down  the  river,  or,  in  other  words,  the  building  stood  with  its  side  to 
the  river.  On  its  end  front  was  the  sign  "Libby  &  Son."  Nearly 
four  hundred  of  us  were  quartered  on  the  lower  floor  of  this  building 
on  our  arrival,  and  the  same  evening  we  had  issued  to  us,  a  small 
piece  of  brown  bread  and  a  half  pint  of  thin  soup  to  each  maYi — not 
half  enough  to  satisfy  our  appetites.  Piling  ourselves  uj^on  the  hard 
floor,  we  rested  well  for  the  night,  for  the  journey  of  several  hundred 
miles  had  been  one  of  fatigue  and  unrest. 

Next  morning  the  prison  was  visited  by  two  Confederate  officials, 
accompanied  by  half  a  dozen  guards,  and  the  work  of  robbing  the 
prisoners  of  their  money  in  a  business-like  manner  began.  We  were 
told  to  surrender  our  money  to  the  officers  for  safe  keeping;  that  an 
account  of  it  would  be  kept  for  us  and  the  amount  returned  to  us 
whenever  we  left  the  prison.  We  were  also  told  that  those  who 
refused  to  surrender  their  money  voluntarily,  would  be  searched,  and 
all  money  thus  found  would  not  be  returned.  Having  thirty-three 
dollars,  I  thought  I  would  divide  with  them  ;  so  pulling  off  my  boot,  1 
sec;reted  twenty  dollars  therein.  When  my  turn  came  to  "  stand  and 
deliver,"  I  handed  over  thirteen  dollars,  and  all  was  satisfactory.  One 
ol  my  fellow  prisoners  had  four  hundred  dollars  in  gold,  all  of  which 
lie  handed  over  to  these  robbers.  Nearly  every  one  of  us  had  more 
or  less  money,  and  by  the  time  they  were  through  taking  care  of  it 
for  us,  they  had  a  consideral)le  pile  of  greenbacks,  and  they  seemed 
thoroughly  satisfied  with  the  amount  realized,  for  not  a  man  was 
searched,  and  the  few  who  had  the  good  sense  to  keep  their  money, 

32 


274  ^'"'  ^n^psiuk. 

saved  it  all.  Not  a  cent  of  this  money  was  ever  returned,  nor  was 
there  any  intention  of  returning  it  when  it  was  taken.  It  was  a 
cowardly,  heartless  theft.  The  second  day  we  received  our  rations 
in  kind  and  (juantity  like  the  first,  but  as  before,  the  ([uantity  was  far 
short  of  our  necessities,  and  after  eating  the  whole  (luantity,  wc  were 
almost  as  hungry  as  before. 

The  next  day  we  were  marched  out  of  Libby  and  put  into  anoilier 
prison  known  as  "  Femberton's  Building."  This  prison  stood  further 
east  than  Libby,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street.  It  was 
a  large  three  story  brick,  with  a  cellar  the  full  size  of  the  foundation  ; 
a  brick  partition  divided  it  into  two  nearly  ecjual  ai)artments.  Before 
we  were  put  into  this  prison,  it  was  already  full  of  prisoners,  but  we 
were  crowded  in  among  the  rest,  and  now  it  was  with  great  difficulty 
that  we  could  find  room  to  lie  down.  1,  with  others  of  my  comrades, 
found  a  place  on  the  third  floor.  The  men  on  each  floor  drew  their 
rations  separately,  and  according  to  the  number  of  men  on  each. 
One  of  our  number  was  appointed  to  receive  the  rations  for  all  the 
men  on  one  floor,  after  whicli  a  sub-division  was  made  to  stjuads  of 
twenty-five  men,  and  then  these  twenty-five  would  sub-divide,  giving 
to  each  man  his  portion  with  exactness,  for  even  a  crumb  is  a  matter 
of  contention  among  starving  men.  Our  rations  were  cooked  and  pre- 
pared for  us  in  the  basement  of  Libby  prison,  and  each  day  a  certain 
number  of  men  were  detailed  from  each  floor  to  go  after  them.  Our 
rations  now  consisted  of  a  very  small  piece  of  old  bacon,  boiled,  a 
half  pint  of  thin  soup  made  of  the  water  in  which  the  bacon  was 
boiled,  a  small  piece  of  bread.  This  was  not  sufficient  for  one  good 
meal  a  day,  and  our  hunger  was  never  satisfied.  As  soon  as  our  food, 
which  was  intended  for  three  meals,  was  issued  to  us,  we  ate  it  all  in 
one,  a'nd  then  hungered  till  the  same  hour  the  next  day.  I  have 
been  so  hungry  that  when  I  got  my  soup,  thickened  with  skippers 
which  came  out  of  the  meat  in  boiling,  that  I  never  i)retended  to 
sei)arate  the  skippers  from  the  soup,  but  greedily  swallowed  skii)pcrs 
and  soup  together,  and  thought  it  excellent.  We  all  did  the  same  in 
this  respect.  Every  atom  of  food  was  precious  in  our  eyes,  and  l)eing 
continually  hungry,  our  minds  and  conversation  dwelt  upon  things 
we  wished  to  eat.  It  appeared  to  us  that  if  we  could  only  have  had 
enough  to  eat,  that  notwithstanding  our  loathsome  confinement,  we 
would  have  been  the  happiest  creatures  alive. 

Nearly  every  day  flying  reports  of  an  exchange  were  circulating 
among  the  prisoners,  and  our  hopes  were  alternately  buoyed  and  de- 
pressed by  these  groundless  rej^orts,  originating — nobody  knew 
where  ;  and  yet  for  all  this,  they  served  to  keep  us  hopeful.  But  as 
day  after  day  passed  and  no  exchange  came,  I  began  to  despair  of 
being  speedily  exchanged,  and  began  to  look  about  and  devise  means 
and  mature  plans  of  escape.  These  thoughts  I  kept  to  myself,  but 
it  was  several  days  before  1  struck  a  plan  that  was  at  all  practical. 
There  was  ([uite  a  trade,  in  a  small  way,  kept  up  between  the 
prisoners  on  the  inside  and  the  guards  on  the  outside  of  the  building, 
'i'his  was  in  violation  of  orders,  and   whatever  was  done  in   this  line 


Oui-  Knapsack.  275 


must  be  done  with  the  utmost  caution.  I  had  already  made  several 
little  trades  with  one  of  the  guards,  resulting  in  quite  an  intimate 
acquaintance,  and  the  thought  suggested  itself  that  if  I  could  induce 
this  guard  to  sell  me  a  Confederate  uniform,  I  might  by  this  means 
effect  my  escape.  1  approached  the  guard  very  cautiously  at  first, 
telling  him  that  my  clothes  were  about  gone,  and  that  I  did  not  know 
what  I  would  do  for  more,  and  finally  ventured  to  ask  him  how  much 
he  would  charge  me  for  a  pair  of  gray  pants  and  a  roundabout.  At 
first  he  was  disinclined  to  sell  this  kind  of  goods,  fearing  that  by  some 
means  it  might  be  found  out,  and  he  made  to  suffer.  He  made  many 
excuses,  saying  he  did  not  know  where  he  could  get  them  for  me.  I 
assured  him  that  there  would  be  no  danger,  and  promised  him  eternal 
secrecy.  At  last  he  agreed  that  for  ten  dollars  in  greenbacks  he 
would  bring  me  the  required  articles  when  he  came  on  guard  again 
that  night  at  one  o'clock.  I  returned  to  my  place  on  the  floor  and 
waited  with  impatience  for  the  intervening  hours  to  wear  away.  I 
feared  to  lie  down,  knowing  that  if  I  fell  asleep  I  might  miss  my 
appointment  with  the  guard. 

At  last  I  heard  the  guards  sing  out  their  accustomed  cry.  "  Twelve 
o'clock  and  all's  well."  One  more  hour  to  wait  and  then  I  should 
know  of  my  success  or  failure.  That  hour  seemed  almost  an  age, 
but  at  length  came  the  cry,  "One  o'clock  and  all's  well."  I  waited 
a  few  minutes  and  then  crept  cautiously  down  stairs  to  the  window 
near  which  the  guard  was  stationed.  I  found  him  all  right,  and  told 
him  in  a  low  whisper  to  pass  the  clothes  to  me  through  the  iron  bars 
of  the  window,  and  I  would  pass  the  money  to  him  in  the  same  man- 
ner. The  exchange  was  quickly  made,  and  I  hurried  back  up  stairs 
to  my  sleeping  companions.  After  roll  call  next  morning,  I  put  on 
my  suit  of  gray  and  began -to  plan  for  the  future.  I  have  before 
stated  that  we  procured  our  rations  ready  cooked  in  the  basement  of 
Libby  prison  across  the  street,  and  at  some  distance  westward.  When 
the  time  came  to  draw  our  rations,  I  contrived  to  be  detailed  for  that 
purpose,  and  picking  up  a  wooden  bucket,  I  fell  in  line  with  the  rest. 
A  guard  was  always  on  duty  to  prevent  any  attempt  to  escape,  and 
therefore  my  chances  were  desperate,  but  it  could  be  no  worse  if  I 
failed.  Generally  when  the  cook  house  was  reached,  we  had  to  wait 
sometime  before  receiving  our  rations,  and  at  these  times  the  guards 
and  prisoners  were  apt  to  be  engaged  in  little  trades  of  various  kinds, 
and  the  guards  were  likely,  on  such  occasions,  to  relax  their  vvatchful- 
ness.  It  was  at  such  a  time  as  this,  that  I  hoped  to  find  a  chance  to 
escape.  Watching  my  opportunity  while  the  attention  of  the  guard 
was  drawn  on  some  little  trade,  and  at  the  same  time  watching  for 
the  Confederate  officers,  I  handed  my  bucket  to  a  companion  with  a 
sly  nudge  and  look  which  meant  silence,  1  slipped  out  of  the  ranks. 
I  did  not  attempt  to  leave  immediately,  but  stood  around  with  some 
Confederate  soldiers  who  were  off  of  duty,  and  who  were  watching 
the  prisoners  out  of  curiosity.  I  asked  one  of  the  bystanders  how 
long  since  these  fellows  had  l)een  captured,  and  made  some  further 
remark  about  threshing  the  Yankees.     When  the  squad  began  draw- 


276  Our   Kihipsadi. 

ing  their  rations,  1  sauntered  slowly  and  carelessly  uj)  the  street, 
])assing  "  Castle  Tluinder  "  on  my  way.  'I'his  building  stood  t>n  the 
same  side  of  the  street  as  Lil)l)y,  antl  tvyo  hundred  yards  or  more 
further  west,  and  not  far  from  the  river.  It  was  a  three  story  brick 
building,  and  was  now  Hilled  with  Confederate  soldiers,  probabl) 
deserters  and  those  who  refused  to  enter  the  rebel  ranks.  Being 
dressed  in  all  respects  as  a  rebel  soldier,  1  did  not  attract  any  par- 
ticular attention.  As  I  passed  on  1  met  numbers  of  officers  and 
soldiers,  greeting  ihcni  with  the  true  military  salute.  1  wandered 
towards  the  ui)per  part  of  the  city,  intending  to  get  out  of  town  in 
the  dusk  of  the  evening.  I  was  fearful  of  pursuit,  for  1  did  not  kn<jw 
how  soon  1  would  be  missed  from  the  prison.  I  was  risking  all  on 
one  desperate  chance  of  escape,  and  was,  therefore,  in  no  frame  of 
mind  to  enjoy  the  sights  of  that  part  of  Richmond  through  which  1 
was  passing.  I  stopped  at  a  small  provision  store  kept  by  an  Irish 
woman  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  I  bought  two  dollars  worth  (jf 
cheese  and  crackers,  paying  for  the  same  in  Confederate  money,  and 
got  about  enough  for  a  full  meal.  I  would  have  eaten  it  all  on  the 
spot,  but  was  fearful  of  exciting  the  curiosity  of  the  old  woman  by 
eating  too  greedily. 

As  the  sun  began  to  sink  behind  the  western  hills,  1  walked  out  of 
the  city,  but  it  was  dusk  before  I  had  passed  beyond  the  last  houses 
of  the  outskirts;  indeed  it  seemed  to  me  that  the  houses  of  the  city 
reached  a  great  way  into  the  country,  and  every  moment  I  feared  1 
might  meet  some  one  who  would  inquire  where  1  was  from  and  where 
I  was  going.  These  were  two  questions  which  1  prefered  not  to 
answer.  Fortunately  I  saw  no  one  who  was  inclined  to  be  inipiisitive. 
As  soon  as  darkness  set  in  1  left  the  gravel  turnpike  and  struck 
out  into  the  fields  on  my  right.  I  was  entirely  ignorant  of  the  country, 
but  I  knew  I  could  not  remain  in  or  near  the  city  long  undiscovered, 
and  1  must  go  somewhere.  The  night  being  cold  and  chilly,  I  had 
to  keep  continually  on  the  move  to  keep  from  suffering  with  cold.  M 
I  had  desired  to  start  a  fire,  I  had  no  means  to  do  so,  therefore 
exercise  was  a  necessity.  1  stumbled  into  ditches,  scratched  my  face 
and  hands  with  brambles,  crossed  fences  and  kept  floundering  along 
without  any  definite  knowledge  as  to  where  I  was  going,  but  my  iilan 
was  to  pursue  a  northwesterly  course  from  Richmond.  1  somehow 
thought  this  route  would  be  clearest  of  enemies,  and  that  1  might  be 
fortunate  enough  to  slip  through  the  lines  of  the  enemy  and  get  into 
our  own  lines  and  be  safe. 

A  short  time  before  da)  light  1  entered  a  heavy  forest,  and  as  day 
began  to  break,  I  sat  down,  for,  by  this  time,  I  was  well  nigh  ex- 
hausted. I  now  ate  what  little  food  1  had  and  waited  for  the  sun  to 
rise,  that  by  that  means  1  might  be  able  to  shape  my  course.  I  was 
now  far  out  of  sight  of  the  city,  and  sincerely  hoped  I  might  always 
remain  so. 

As  the  sun  came  \x\y  1  shaped  my  course  and  moved  ahead  through 
the  woods,  moving  slowly  and  cautiously  ;  in  fact  1  could  not  have 
hurried  if  1  had  desired  to  do  so.     About  ten  o'clock  I  emerged  from 


Otir  Knapsack.  ^11 

the  woods  onto  a  plantation.  I  could  see  the  maHsion  of  the  planter 
about  a  mile  to  the  right,  and  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  mansion  and 
several  hundred  yards  distant,  were  the  quarters  of  the  slaves.  The 
day  was  pleasant,  it  being  the  time  of  year  when  the  nights  are  cold 
and  the  days  pleasant. 

Lying  down  behind  a  log,  1  was  soon  sound  asleep.  As  near  as  1 
could  judge,  I  slept  till  about  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  1 
was  awakened  by  the  barking  of  a  dog.  1  aroused  myself  in  some 
alarm,  and  looking  n round  I  saw  a  fierce  looking  canine  within  a  few 
yards  of  me,  barking  savagely  as  thongh  he  had  found  something. 
Rubbing  my  eyes,  1  peered  about  that  1  might  be  able  to  see  the 
dog's  master,  and  saw  an  old  gray  haired  negro  with  an  ax  on  his 
shoulder,  and  a  heavy  piece  of  a  dogwood  sapling  under  his  arm. 
He  spoke  to  the  dog  to  be  still,  and  eyed  me  with  a  half-frightened 
look.  In  a  moment  I  saw  that  concealment  was  out  of  the  question, 
and  the  best  thing  I  could  do  would  be  to  make  friends  with  my  sable 
visitor.  The  old  man  seemed  very  shy,  but  I  spoke  kindly  to  him, 
called  him  uncle,  and  told  him  that  being  exceedingly  tired,  1  had 
lain  down  to  rest  and  had  fallen  asleep.  He  told  me  he  was  the 
slave  of  Major  Brown,  and  that  his  master  was  in  the  army,  as  was 
also  a  younger  son  of  his  master,  but  that  there  was  one  of  the  sons 
at  home.  He  asked  me  if  I  was  not  a  soldier,  too.  1  admitted  that 
1  was.  He  said  he  had  heard  that  the  Yankees  were  a  very  bad 
kind  of  men,  and  that  they  would  coax  the  poor  black  man  from  home 
and  then  roast  and  eat  him.  I  told  him  that  I  had  no  doubt  but  that 
many  of  them  were  very  bad  people.-  He  told  me  the  distance  to 
Richmond  was  eleven  miles,  and  that  there  was  a  camp  of  troops 
some  seven  or  eight  miles  west  of  us.  I  told  him  1  wanted  to  go 
home  to  see  my  mother,  and  that  if  these  soldiers  or  any  one  else 
knew  I  was  here,  they  would  not  let  me  go,  and  that  he  must  tell  no 
one  of  having  seen  me.  I  told  him  then  that  he  had  better  go  home 
and  that  I  would  lie  down  and  rest  a  while  longer.  As  soon  as  he 
was  out  of  sight,  I  thought  it  unsafe  to  remain  here  longer,  so  I 
hurried  away,  keeping  in  the  skirts  of  the  woods  next  to  the  planta- 
tion on  my  left. 

Further  on  I  reached  a  road  running  westward,  and  followed  it  for 
half  a  mile  or  more,  but  becoming  fearful  of  meeting  Confederate 
soldiers,  or  of  being  seen  by  them,  I  struck  off  into  the  woods  on  my 
right,  as  the  safest  plan  to  escape  observation.  Traveling  till  near 
sundown,  I  came  out  into  the  open  country  again.  The  country 
through  which  I  had  traveled  during  the  day  was  rough,  hilly  and 
broken,  but  now  I  found  myself  on  the  edge  of  what  appeared  to  be 
a  highly  cultivated  valley,  with  mansions  and  negro  quarters  stretch- 
ing out  before  me  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach.  I  was  now  nearly 
exhausted  from  hunger  and  fatigue,  and  lying  down,  I  rested  till  after 
dark,  determined  on  procuring  something  to  eat,  by  some  means,  at 
any  risk.  Before  night  came  on,  I  had  observed  some  negro  huts  in 
the  distance,  and  to  these  I  made  my  way,  urged  on  by  a  gnawing 
hunger  which  grew  keener  with  each  inissino;  moment. 


278  Our  Knapsack. 

I  went  first  to  «  shanty  wlicrc  1  could  sec  glinimerinj^s  of  light 
through  the  cracks  and  crevices  in  the  wall,  hut  upon  ajjproach- 
ing  nearer,  the  noise  of  laughter  and  confusion  from  within  made 
me  hesitate  to  enter,  and  I  determined  to  call  at  one  or  more  of  the 
other  shanties  near  by  ;  but  at  these  there  was  no  response  to  my 
knock,  and  1  was  compelled  to  return  to  the  first.  The  hungry  voice 
within  wt)uld  not  be  hushed,  and  prudence  having  surrendered  \m 
necessity,  1  could  only  make  known  my  desperate  condition  and  take 
the  consetpiences.  1  knocked  boldly  at  the  door.  The  n(jise  within 
at  once  ceased,  and  the  door  was  ojjened  by  a  burly  darkey,  who, 
upon  seeing  me,  started  back  in  some  trepidation.  At  a  glance  I  saw 
within  a  number  of  negro  women,  young  girls  and  children,  besides 
four  negro  men,  but  last  and  worst,  there  were  four  rebel  soldiers  in 
the  party.  Retreat  was  not  to  be  thought  of.  1  therefore  walked 
boldly  in  without  showing  the  fear  that  I  felt.  The  soldiers  were 
considerably  startled  at  the  situation,  and  I  think  they  took  me  to  be 
one  of  their  men  bent  on  the  arrest  of  their  ])arty.  Comprehending 
what  might  be  passing  through  their  minds,  1  concluded  the  best 
thing  to  do  was  to  play  a  bold  hand,  so  1  remarked  to  them  that  we 
had  caught  each  other  this  time,  but  it  would  never  do  for  one  sol- 
dier to  blow  on  another. 

It  was  but  a  short  time  till  things  were  again  moving  on  as  usual, 
yet  1  could  see  that  1  was  the  object  of  suspicion,  and  the  soldiers 
kept  an  eye  on  me,  which  showed  a  lack  of  confidence.  Before  my 
arrival  one  of  the  negroes  had  been  playing  the  fiddle  and  the  sol- 
diers and  wenches  had  been  dancing,  but  my  coming  had  dampened 
the  enjoyment  of  the  hour. 

1  asked  one  of  the  women  for  something  to  eat,  and  showed  her  a 
bone  ring  which   1   had  made  while  in  prison,  promising  it   to  her  if 
she  \vould  get  me  what  1  wanted  to  eat.     She  set  before  me  a  good, 
sized  piece  of  corn  bread  and  a  small  piece  of  bacon,  which   1  ate 
with  great  relish,  thinking  it  as  palatable  a  mess  as  I  had  ever  eaten. 

I  intended  as  soon  as  I  finished  eating  to  step  quietly  out  of  the 
house  and  make  my  escape;  but  fate  had  decided  otherwise,  for, just 
as  I  swallowed  the  last  mouthful,  there  came  a  loud  knock  at  the 
door,  and,  before  anyone  from  within  could  0])en  the  door,  it  was 
flung  open  from  without,  and  in  stepped  a  Confederate  sergeant,  fol- 
lowed Ijy  eight  soldiers  with  fixed  bayonets.  There  was  no  chance 
of  escape,  for  the  only  door  to  the  room  was  guarded  by  two  of  the 
soldiers.  The  scpiad  proceeded  to  arrest  the  four  rebel  soldiers  and 
myself. 

The  negroes  were  kicked  and  cuffed  shamefully,  while  we  were 
threatened  with  severe  punishment  when  we  reached  camp.  The 
four  Confederates  arrested  with  me  were  known  to  the  sergeant  and 
his  party,  and  I  soon  learned  from  their  conversation  that  they  had 
evaded  duty  and  absented  themselves  from  camp  early  in  the  morn- 
ing. 1  was  the  extra  man  unaccounted  for.  The  sergeant  asked  me 
what  regiment  1  belonged  to,  and,  knowing  that  it  would  be  useless 
to  tell   anything  but  the  truth,  I  told  him   I  was  a  member  of  Com- 


Our  Knapsack.  279 

pany  E,  113th  O.  V.  1.  He  did  not  at  once  comprehend,  and  said 
that  he  knew  of  no  such  regiment  about  there.  I  did  not  feel  in- 
clined to  enlighten  him  further  just  then,  knowing  that  all  I  could 
say  would  do  no  good.  The  five  of  us  were  securely  bound  together, 
while  the  negroes  were  ordered  to  their  respective  quarters,  a  com- 
mand they  obeyed  with  alacrity.  We  were  now  marched  off  in  single 
file  in  the  direction  of  the  rebel  camp,  which  I  think  was  about  three 
miles  distant  from  the  place  of  our  capture.  We  reached  camp 
about  one  o'clock  A.  M.,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  the  night  in  a 
guard  house,  closely  guarded. 

When  daylight  appeared  1  had  an  opportunity  of  looking  about 
me  and  of  becoming  acquainted  with  my  surroundings.  The  camp 
was  situated  in  a  grove  of  small  timber,  and  the  troops  numbered, 
perhaps,  three  regiments.  I  learned  from  my  fellow  prisoners  that 
these  troops  were  stationed  here  for  the  purpose  of  caring  for  and 
feeding  up  a  lot  of  cavalry  horses. 

About  seven  o'clock  we  were  furnished  with  a  light  breakfast,  con- 
sisting of  corn  bread  and  beef,  after  which  we  were  ordered  out  under 
a  guard  to  perform  fatigue  duty.  I  told  the  sergeant  who  had  charge 
of  the  guards  over  us  that,  as  1  did  not  belong  to  that  command,  it 
was  unjust  to  compel  me  to  do  such  duty.  1  was  fearful  that  if  I 
waited  to  be  found  out  by  force  of  circumstances  1  might  be  taken 
for  a  spy,  in  which  case  my  punishment  would  be  death.  I  told  the 
sergeant  to  request  his  captain  to  come  and  see  me,  as  I  had  some- 
thing of  importance  about  which  I  wished  to  speak.  The  captain,  a 
tall,  well  made  man,  with  black  whiskers,  made  his  appearance,  and 
desired  to  know  why  1  wanted  to  see  him.  1  told  the  story  of  my 
escape  and  recapture,  withholding  nothing.  He  seemed  much  sur- 
prised, and,  promising  to  report  my  case  to  the  colonel  in  command, 
went  away.  After  a  time  two  guards  came  and  conducted  me  before 
the  colonel. 

There  were  several  ofhcers  present  when  1  was  taken  into  the 
l)resence  of  the  colonel,  all  of  whom  looked  upon  me  with  doubt  and 
suspicion.  The  colonel  c[uestioned  me  very  closely  as  to  how  I  made 
my  escape,  where  I  had  at  first  been  taken,  and  many  other  ques- 
tions which  1  do  iiot  recall,  all  of  which  I  answered  truthfully.  After 
this  I  was  returned  to  the  guard  house.  I  felt  ill  at  ease,  for,  though 
1  had  told  a  straight  and  truthful  story,  I  could  see  that  I  was  not 
more  than  half  believed.  About  two  o'clock  that  afternoon  a  lieu- 
tenant came  to  the  guard  house  and  told  me  that  they  had  concluded 
to  send  me  to  Richmond,  and  if  1  had  not  told  the  truth  I  would 
have  a  quick  passage  to  the  other  world.  This  gave  me  relief,  for  at 
Richmond  I  felt  confident  I  could  establish  the  truthfulness  of  my 
story  and  my  innocence  in  being  a  spy.  The  lieutenant  and  two 
guards  then  started  with  me  to  Richmond.  We  were  all  mounted  on 
mules,  I  riding  beside  the  lieutenant  and  the  two  guards  in  our  rear. 
We  soon  became  somewhat  acquainted,  and  tell  into  a  lively  conver- 
sation on  the  topics  of  the  war.  North  and  South.  1  told  him  of  my 
services  as  a  soldier,  and  of  being  captured,  and  many  t)thcr  incidents. 


28o  Our   Knapsack. 

\\\  all  of  which  he  seemed  interested.  He,  in  turn,  recounted  some 
of  his  experience  in  the  C.  S.  A  ,  and  our  talk  became  animated  and 
pleasant,  both  of  us  wishing  the  war  at  an  end,  so  we  could  be  at 
our  respective  homes — he  in  North  Carolina  and  1  in  Ohio. 

It  began  to  grow  dark  before  we  reached  the  city;  I  was  taken  be- 
fore the  military  officer  in  command  of  the  city,  and  from  there  was 
taken  to  the  city  jail,  into  whi(  h  I  was  thrust.  'I'he  cell  was  dark, 
damp  and  loathsome.  Here  1  spent  the  night,  supperless.  Ne.xt 
morning  I  was  given  a  light  breakfast  of  corn  bread  and  sou];,  after 
which  1  was  taken  out  and  conducted  under  guard  to  the  office  of  the 
commanding  general.  Here  1  was  closely  tpiestioned  in  the  presence 
of  several  officers  in  regard  to  the  plan  and  means  of  escape,  and 
here,  as  before,  I  told  a  plain  and  truthful  tale,  knowing  that  the 
truth  would  serve  me  better  than  a  lie".  The  general  asked  me  if  1 
could  name  anyone  in  the  prison  l)y  whom  1  could  establish  my  iden- 
tity. 1  mentioned  the  names  of  Ed.  Wright  and  Thomas  Hinton. 
They  were  sent  for  and  confronted  me.  They  were  much  surprised 
at  seeing  me,  as  well  as  being  thus  called  from  the  i)rison  in  this 
manner,  for  what  purpose  they  knew  not. 

These  two  men  were  cpiestioned  separately  and  very  closely,  and 
their  statements  regarding  me  coincided  so  completely  that  all  pres- 
ent were  fully  convinced  that  1  had  told  a  true  story.  The  general 
lectured  me  soundly  for  my  ingratitude  in  trying  to  escape  from  such 
kind  friends,  and  said  that,  as  a  punishment,  1  should  be  sent  to  the 
dungeon  for  twenty-four  hours. 

1  was  accordingly  taken  to  the  city  prison,  and  thrust  into  an  un- 
derground cell  with  an  iron  door.  The  cell  was  musty  and  without 
ventilation  ;  the  air  was  damp  and  stifling.  In  a  corner  was  an  old 
straw  mattress,  falling  to  pieces  with  age  and  filth.  As  soon  as  the 
guard  had  closed  and  locked  the  massive  iron  door,the  intense  darkness 
of  the  cell  became  oppressive  beyond  description.  Not  the  faintest 
gleam  of  light  could  find  its  way  into  this  abode  of  inky  darkness. 
The  darkest  night  was  as  brilliant  sunshine  compared  with  this  dun- 
geon. The  thought  of  remaining  here  twenty-four  hours  was  tor- 
menting, and  the  fear  that  1  might  be  forgotten  entirely,  and  left  to 
die  a  dreadful  death  of  hunger  and  thirst,  filled  my  mind  with  fright- 
ful fancies.  None  but  those  who  have  passed  through  a  similar  ex- 
perience can  have  the  least  idea  of.  the  tormenting  doubts  which 
assail  a  person  in  the  position  1  then  was.  Hour  after  hour  dragged 
slowly  away.  I  became  feverish  and  desperately  thirsty ;  my  only 
thought  now  was  water.  If  I  only  could  have  one  good  drink  of 
water  I  thought  I  could  endure  my  situation  in  comfort. 

At  length,  worn  out  with  my  own  thoughts,  I  cast  myself  u[)on 
that  couch  of  filth,  and  thought  to  wear  away  a  part  of  my  sentence 
in  sleep.  A  restless  sleep  at  length  came  over  me,  in  which  I 
dreamed  of  running  streams  of  limpid  water,  at  which  I  was  drink- 
ing but  could  not  slake  my  thirst.  I  awoke  from  my  fevcjrish  sleep 
with  a  dull,  heavy  jjain  in  my  head,  and  with  my  thirst  more  tor- 
menting than  before.      I  was  now  really  sick.      I  could  not  tell  how 


Our  Knapsack.  281 

long  I  had  been  in  this  horrible  place,  but  short  as  the  time  really 
was  it  seemed  to  me  almost  an  age.  At  length  I  heard  the  rattle  of 
keys  in  the  door.  It  was  flung  open,  and  there  stood  the  guard  and 
the  turnkey  of  the  prison  to  conduct  me  beyond  these  hated  walls. 
Staggering  to  my  feet,  I  was  soon  in  the  upper  daylight,  and  was 
breathing  the  pure,  invigorating  air  of  heaven.  It  was  some  time 
before  I  could  accustom  my  eyes  to  the  glare  of  the  sun.  There  was 
plenty  of  water  in  the  prison  yard,  of  which  I  drank  and  bathed  my 
face,  feeling  much  refreshed.  I  was  then  conducted  by  two  guards 
to  my  old  prison,  and  was  again  locked  within  its  walls.  Those  who 
knew  me  in  the  prison  crowded  around  me,  asking  a  thousand  ques- 
tions ;  I  promised  to  tell  them  all  at  a  future  time,  but  for  the  present 
I  needed  rest.  I  went  up  stairs  to  my  old  place  and  lay  down. 
Some  of  the  prisoners  gave  me  something  to  eat,  and  I  fell  asleep 
and  slept  till  next  morning.  I  awoke  feeling  much  refreshed,  and 
though  my  trip  to  the  country  had  not  resulted  as  I  desired,  I  felt 
that  I  had  had  some  valuable  experience. 

Time  now  moved  on  without  incident  for  some  days.  Our  rations 
were  barely  sufficient  to  sustain  life,  but  never  enough  to  appease 
our  hunger.  Such  of  us  as  had  money,  or  some  other  means  of 
traffic,  could  sometimes  effect  a  trade  with  the  guards,  and  thereby 
procure  a  little  extra  to  eat.  At  length,  as  if  by  accident,  we  found 
in  one  part  of  the  prison,  securely  locked  from  our  reach,  a  quantity 
of  wheat  bran,  which  could  be  reached  by  tying  a  tin  cup  to  a  long 
stick  and  fishing  it  to  within  our  reach.  By  stealing  this  bran  we 
were  able  to  make  mush  by  boiling  the  bran  in  our  little  tin  buckets, 
but,  lacking  salt,  our  mush  was  very  unpalatable.  I  have  heretofore 
stated  that  the  building  had  a  brick  wall  passing  up  through  the 
center.  There  were  prisoners  on  both  sides,  but  they  were  kept  sep- 
arate and  not  allowed  to  communicate  with  one  another;  but  by 
drilling  holes  through  the  brick  walls  this  restriction  was  avoided  and 
friendly  relations  established. 

We  now  ascertained  that  those  in  the  other  department  had  plenty 
of  salt,  an  article  of  which  we  on  our  side  were  sadly  in  need,  and 
by  increasing  the  size  of  the  holes  in  the  wall  to  admit  a  spoon  we 
were  able  to  transport  a  spoonful  of  salt  at  a  time,  a  circumstance 
that  added  much  to  our  comfort,  and  traffic  in  salt  grew  active. 
Finally  it  leaked  out  that  the  salt  we  were  buying  from  our  fellow 
prisoners  was  found  in  ([uantity  in  a  room  of  the  basement  on  their 
part  of  the  building.  This  induced  us  to  prospect  under  our  part  of 
the  building.  Back  next  the  water  closet  was  a  small  passage  or 
entry.  With  the  aid  of  a  hatchet  which  had  been  smuggled  into  the 
prison,  we  tore  up  the  floor  of  this  entry  and  sent  a  man  below  to 
explore.  He  soon  returned  with  the  news  that  the  cellar  under  our 
part  of  the  building  was  a  big  strike — a  regular  bonanza.  A  door- 
keeper was  appointed,  secrecy  was  enjoined  on  all,  and  the  utmost 
caution  was  used  to  prevent  our  good  news  from  spreading  to  the 
authorities.  Only  a  few  were  permitted  to  go  down  for  sugar  at  a 
time.     The  men  would  take  off  their  worn  and  dirty  drawers,  tie  the 

33 


2.S2  Our   Knapsack. 

ankles  in  a  knt)t,  and  watch  i)aticntly  for  a  turn  to  descend  into  the 
cellar  for  sugar.  Then,  filling  these  lousy,  filthy  garments  with 
sugar,  would  return  to  their  places.  Every  available  article  that 
would  hold  sugar  was  l)rought  into  use.  Needles  and  thread  were 
found  and  sacks  made  out  of  everything  possible,  and  these  filled 
till  every  man  on  our  side  of  the  house  was  plentifully  sujiplied  and 
had  sugar  to  sell.  On  the  other  side  they  had  plenty  of  salt,  but  no 
sugar;  on  our  side  there  was  a  glut  of  sugar  and  a  demand  for  salt. 
.\  brisk  trade  ensued  in  these  two  commodities  and  was  carried  on 
by  way  of  the  holes  in  the  wall  before  mentioned. 

'i'he  sugar  and  salt  added  much  to  our  comfort;  the  sugar  served 
to  deaden  our  appetites  and  also  to  sweeten  our  bran  mush  ;  while 
the  salt  added  made  it  quite  i)alatable.  The  routine  of  prison  duties 
were  somewhat  ofter  the  following  order :  The  first  thing  after  get- 
ting up  of  a  morning  was  lousing,  that  is,  we  would  pull  off  our 
clothing,  give  them  a  careful  inspection  and  kill  all  the  lice  we  could 
find.  These  were  not  a  few;  I  think  that  on  the  average  each  man 
would  kill  from  three  hundred  to  four  hundred  of  these  parasites 
each  day,  and  by  the  next  morning  there  would  be  as  many  more  to 
share  the  same  fate.  After  "lousing"  came  roll-call  and  after  roll- 
call  we  could  steal  sugar  and  trade  with  our  friends  for  salt,  or 
occupy  our  time  in  some  other  way.  From  one  till  two  in  the  after- 
noon was  our  time  to  draw  rations,  l)ut  no  more  of  our  number  were 
allowed  to  go  out  in  a  Confederate  uniform  as  I  had  done.  We  ate 
our  dinner  about  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  ;  then  we  would  sit 
around  and  talk  of  home,  or  of  an  exchange,  or  of  what  grand  din- 
ners we  would  have  when  we  get  out  of  prison.  We  usually  lay 
down  in  our  sleeping  j)laces  as  soon  as  dark  came  on,  for,  being  with- 
out fire  or  lights,  we  kept  early  hours.  A  rule  had  been  established 
among  us  that  no  one  should  go  down  for  sugar  except  in  the  night, 
for  there  was  danger  of  being  discovered  in  the  day-time. 

The  prison  was  so  crowded  that  when  the  men  all  lay 
down  the  floor  space  was  entirely  occupied,  and  this  led  to  more  or 
less  trouble  between  the  occupants  of  the  lower  floor  and  those  of 
the  second  and  third  floors.  Those  of  the  first  or  lower  floor  claimed 
a  sort  of  monopoly  in  the  sugar  trade,  and  finally  became  so  arro- 
gant as  to  say  that  we  from  the  second  and  third  floors  had  no  right 
to  come  down  during  the  night  to  get  sugar,  and  they  would  suffer  it 
no  longer. 

The  feeling  increased  from  day  to  day  and  many  personal  en- 
counters ensued  between  the  monopolists  on  the  lower  floor  and  the 
occupants  of  the  other  two  floors.  Open  rupture  threatened,  and 
my  partner  and  I,  seeing  the  storm  coming  in  the  distance,  managed 
to  accumulate  a  stock  of  sugar  ahead,  for  under  the  heated  animos- 
ity existing  among  the  men,  our  sugar  plot  would  soon  be  made 
known  to  our  captors. 

About  the  end  of  the  third  week  following  the  discovery  of  our 
sugar  mine,  the  crisis  was  reached.  The  men  of  the  two  upper 
floors  said,  with  emphatic  profanity,  that  they  would  go  down  in  the 


Ow  Knapsack.  283 

night  and  get  what  sugar  they  wanted  ;  and  those  of  the  first  floor 
declared  with  equal  emphasis  that  they  would  not  suffer  their  domin- 
ions to  be  invaded  and  their  dreams  disturbed  by  intruders.  So 
when  night  came  on  the  occupants  from  above  went  below  as  they 
had  promised  to  do,  and  during  the  whole  night  there  was  nothing 
but  fighting  and  ([uarreling.  Those  from  above  filled  their  haver- 
sacks, drawers,  and  the  like  with  sugar,  and  in  attempting  to  return 
to  their  places  they  were  set  upon  by  the  others,  who  attempted  to 
rob  them  of  their  sugar,  or,  failing  in  this,  they  would  rip  open  the 
sacks  and  other  things  used  in  carrying  the  sugar,  and  the  contents 
were  scattered  on  the  floor. 

This  state  of  things  lasted  all  night,  and  resulted  in  the  unneces- 
sary destruction  of  hundreds  of  pounds  of  sugar,  so  that  in  the 
morning  the  floor  where  the  scene  had  occurred  was  covered  with  a 
coat  of  sticky  taffy,  the  heat  of  the  room  having  reduced  the  sugar 
to  a  half-melted  st:V.e,  so  that  in  walking  over  the  floor  one's  feet 
would  stick  at  every  step.  P\irther  concealment  was  now  out  of  the 
question,  and  from  the  condition  of  affairs  we  felt  satisfied  we  would 
have  to  face  the  music.  We  had  now  killed  the  goose  that  laid  the 
sweet  egg.  It  is  unaccountably  strange  to  see  how  very  foolish  men 
act  at  times,  but  it  has  been  so  and  will  so  remain. 

When  the  Confederate  officers  came  in  next  forenoon  to  call  the 
roll,  as  was  their  custom,  they  at  once  discovered  that  something 
unusual  had  occurred;  their  feet  would  stick  to  the  floor,  and  they 
soon  made  the  discovery  that  we  had  been  stealing  their  sugar.  A 
rumor  ran  through  the  prison  that  all  of  us  were  now  to  be  searched, 
and  such  as  were  found  with  sugar  in  their  possession  would  be  tied 
up  by  the  thumbs  as  a  punishment,  but  these  reports  proved  to  have 
no  foundation  in  fact.  No  one  was  searched  nor  punished,  and  those 
who  had  sugar  were  permitted  to  keep  it.  The  Confederates  esti- 
mated that  they  lost  ;|2o,ooo  worth  of  sugar  and  salt,  but  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  the  real  loss  would  not  reach  over  $6,000. 

The  basement  of  our  prison  was  emptied  of  these  articles  the 
same  day  of  this  discovery,  and  the  immediate  result  to  us  was  that 
both  rose  rapidly  in  value,  the  demand  exceeding  the  supply.  Sugar 
which  could  be  had  for  nothing  yesterday,  is  to-day  worth  $2.50  per 
pint;  salt  rose  proportionately. 

Our  rations  were  now  cut  down  for  a  week  as  a  punishment,  and 
as  a  consequence  we  suffered  much.  Day  succeeded  day  and  one 
week  wore  into  another  without  much  note  until  about  the  first  of 
December,  when  we  were  taken  out  of  this  prison  and  transferred 
to  Danville,  Va.,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  southwest  of 
Richmond  and  about  four  miles  from  the  North  Carolina  line.  Dan- 
ville is  a  place  of  3,000  or  4,000  inhabitants,  situated  on  the  Dan 
River.  The  Dan  River  Canal  and  the  railroad  leading  to  Richmond 
run  through  the  city.  Several  thousand  of  the  prisoners  at  Rich- 
mond were  at  this  time,  December,  1863,  moved  to  Danville.  We 
were  quartered  in  large  brick  buildings  which  before  the  war  had 
probably  been  used  as  tobacco  warehouses.      These  buildings  were 


284  Ou>    K/uipuic/':. 

numbered    from   one   to  six,  and  situated  in   various  sections  of  the 

1  was  put  in  No.  4,  a  large  l>rick  l)uilding  covered  with  a  tin  rool. 
Most  of  these  prisons  were  covered  in  the  same  manner,  i  occupied, 
with  many  others,  tiie  lower  floor.  On  the  south  side  of  our  prison 
was  a  tier  of  small  rooms  which  may  have  been  used  as  oftices  in 
times  of  peace.  In  one  of  these  little  rooms  I  and  four  comrades 
were  cjuartered,  there  being  two  floors  above  us,  and  each  filled  to  its 
utmost  capacity. 

At  the  west  end  of  this  building  was  a  stockade  inclosing  the  end 
of  the  prison,  and  here  was  the  privy  and  a  well  of  water.  A  strong 
guard  was  placed  on  the  outside  of  the  prison,  but  there  were  no 
guards  on  the  inside,  therefore  we  had  the  freedom  of  the  space 
where  the  well  of  water  was.  Our  rations  at  Danville  were  more 
than  they  had  betn  at  Richmond,  and  we  all  felt  benefited  by  the 
change,  but  withal  we  drew  only  enough  for  an  ordinary  meal,  and 
this  was  insufficient  to  satisfy  the  cravings  of  our  appetites.  The 
guards  here  were  less  vigilant  than  those  who  had  guarded  us  at 
Richmond. 

Prisoners  confined  as  we  were  are  ever  restless  arid  uneasy,  plan- 
ning some  scheme  to  deceive  their  guards  or  plotting  at  some  means 
to  escape.  Every  day  there  were  rumors  of  an  exchange  of  prison- 
ers, and  we  were  always  making  calculations  on  being  exchanged 
within  a  month's  time.  Many  of  the  boys  spent  much  of  the  time 
in  making  trinkets  which  they  sold  to  the  guards.  These  consisted 
of  finger  rings,  tooth-picks,  and  breast  pins,  made  of  bone  or  gutta 
percha.     By  this  means  something  to  eat  was  purchased. 

After  we  had  been  at  Danville  a  week  the  occupants  of  our  room 
tore  up  the  floor  and  found  that  it  was  about  four  feet  above  the  level 
ground.  Here  we  found  pieces  of  plank,  scraps  of  iron  and  tin  and 
a  tew  nails,  which  had  been  used  in  the  construction  of  the  building. 
We  determined  to  keep  this  matter  to  ourselves,  and  the  five  of  us 
at  once  began  to  plan  to  escape  by  tunneling  out.  The  foundation 
of  our  prison  was  of  stone,  and  was  sunk  eighteen  inches  below  the 
surface.  Along  the  south  side  of  the  prison  ran  a  wide  street,  and  on 
the  opposite  side  was  a  dwelling  house,  with  garden  attached.  We 
calculated  that  the  street  was  sixty  feet  wide,  and  that  the  whole  dis- 
tance we  would  have  to  tunnel  would  be  seventy-five  feet.  We  pos- 
sessed ourselves  of  an  old  hatchet  and  with  what  we  had  we  at  once 
began  operations.  Besides  the  hatchet  we  had  two  or  three  case 
knives  and  some  scraps  of  iron.  Nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  was 
the  time  for  roll  call,  at  which  time  we  would  be  in  our  places,  and 
the  planks  down.  We  made  our  bed  over  the  loose  planks,  and  our 
blankets  were  so  spread  as  to  conceal  any  defects  in  the  floor. 
While  two  of  us  went  below  to  work  a  strict  watch  was  kept  above  to 
l)revent  surprise  and  discovery. 

With  the  utmost  diligence  very  little  progress  could  l)e  made.  We 
were  comi)elled  to  dig  down  under  and  below  the  foundation  before 
we  could   make   a   start   at  tunneling,  but  by  the  end  of  a  week  we 


Our  Knapsack.  2S5 

had  made  a  fair  beginning.  We  concluded  to  lighten  the  labor  by 
taking  others  into  the  secret ;  and  accordingly  four  others,  in  whom 
we  had  the  utmost  confidence,  were  initiated  into  the  plot  and  made 
acquainted  with  our  plans  and  purposes.  We  toiled  day  after  day 
nearing  the  accomplishment  of  a  project,  which,  if  successful,  would 
be  life  and  liberty.  We  never  went  below  to  work  till  after  roll  call 
in  the  morning.  This  we  considered  the  safer  plan,  for  we  knew  not 
what  minute  they  might  come  in  upon  us.  By  the  end  of  the  second 
week  our  numbers  had  grown  to  fifteen,  as  each  of  our  original  num- 
ber had  his  particular  friend  whom  he  wished  to  favor,  and  every  day 
an  additional  man  was  let  into  the  secret.  As  soon  as  roll  call  was 
over  in  the  morning  two  of  our  number  would  go  down  and  work  for 
an  hour,  while  one,  pretending  to  be  sick,  would  spread  his  blankets 
on  that  part  of  the  floor  through  which  we  went  down,  thus  guard- 
ing against  interruption  and  discovery.  When  the  hour  was  up  two 
others  would  go  below  and  take  the  places  of  the  first  two,  and  thus 
the  work  went  on  till  dark,  when  it  was  suspended  till  the  next  day. 
We  managed  to  make  our  exchanges  so  as  not  to  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  the  other  prisoners,  for  to  have  made  known  our  aim  and 
object  to  all  the  prisoners,  would  have  insured  its  failure.  In  mak- 
ing the  tunnel  one  of  our  number  would  creep  into  the  excavation, 
dig  the  dirt  and  fill  it  into  a  flour  sack,  which  had  come  into  our 
possession.  This  sack  had  attached  to  it  two  ropes,  by  means  of 
which  it  was  worked  to  and  fro.  When  the  sack  was  full  it  was 
pulled  backward  and  its  contents  emptied  out  under  the  prison  floor. 
It  was  then  pulled  back  and  refilled.  In  this  way  we  worked  till 
days  grew  into  weeks,  and  six  weeks  had  elapsed  since  we  started 
our  tunnel.  We  had  made  our  way  under  the  very  feet  of  our 
guards,  and  passed  under  one  of  the  busy  streets  of  the  city. 
Wagons  and  carts  and  throngs  of  people  passed  over  our  heads,  but 
heeding  not  their  din  we  bent  every  effort  to  one  coveted  end. 

We  were  rapidly  approaching  a  completion  of  our  work,  and  all 
were  in  the  best  of  spirits.  A  few  more  days  and  we  would  be  able 
to  go  out  whenever  we  considered  the  opportunity  favorable.  The 
number  interested  in  the  tunnel  had  now  increased  to  near  sixty. 
Just  how  so  many  came  to  be  let  into  the  scheme  I  never  could  well 
tell.  By  a  careful  measurement  the  tunnel  was  one  hundred  and 
twelve  feet  long,  and  we  felt  confident  that  we  were  far  enough  into 
the  garden  to  insure  our  escape  if  the  nights  were  dark,  but  un- 
luckily for  us  the  moon  just  at  this  time  was  full,  and  we  were  com- 
pelled to  delay  our  final  effort  to  escape  until  the  dark  of  the  moon. 
We,  however,  made  all  the  necessary  preparations  so  as  to  be  fully 
ready  when  the  time  should  arrive.  Each  day  some  of  our  number 
would  go  down  into  the  tunnel  to  work  a  little  and  see  that  all  was 
right.  All  our  plans  were  discussed  and  to-morrow  night  was  fixed 
upon  as  the  time  for  our  escape.  We  had  barely  finished  laying  our 
plans  when  a  squad  of  soldiers  led  by  a  lieutenant  came  into  the 
building  and  ordered  us  to  pack  our  effects  and  move  to  the  upper 
floors.     This  was  as  a  clap  of  thunder  in  a  clear  sky  to  all  who  were 


286  Our  KnapsuiJ:. 

interested  in  tile  tiunul.  Il  dawned  \\\)un  iis  in  a  moment  that  we 
had  been  betrayed,  but  by  whom  we  couhl  not  tell.  We  were  all 
crowded  up  on  the  second  and  third  lloors,  and  then  our  captors 
bei^an  walking  around  on  the  first  lloor  in  order  to  discover  any  loose 
])lanks.  When  they  reached  the  little  room  we  had  occupied  they 
found  what  they  very  probably  already  knew  to  be  there,  namely, 
the  loose  plank  which  we  had  used  as  a  doorway  to  our  work.  Then 
followed  some  bitter  and  loud  profanity.  They  then  procured  a  light, 
and,  going  below,  explored  our  work  from  end  to  end  to  their  entire 
satisfaction.  A  sipiad  of  negroes  were  then  i)rought,  and  put  to 
work  fdling  up  the  tunnel.  From  a  window  in  the  ujjper  story  we 
watched  them,  as  they  followed  our  subterranean  channel  across  the 
street  and  into  the  garden  where  it  terminated.  We  could  see  that 
we  had  gone  a  sufficient  distance  into  the  garden  to  have  made  our 
escape,  and  would  certainly  have  done  so  but  for  the  base  treachery 
of  some  one.  The  tunnel  was  now  filled  with  stone,  and  then  cov- 
ered with  dirt.  A  guard  was  now  placed  on  the  first  floor,  and  the 
prisoners  were  all  kept  on  the  second  and  third  floors.  This  made  us 
so  crowded  that  it  was  with  great  difficulty  we  found  space  to  lie 
down.  No  more  of  us  were  allowed  to  remain  on  the  first  floor,  but 
ten  were  allowed  to  go  down  at  a  time,  under  guard,  to  get  water  and 
for  other  necessary  purposes,  and  when  these  ten  returned  another 
ten  were  allowed  to  go  in  the  same  manner,  and  this  going  by  tens 
was  kept  up  day  and  night,  the  prisoners  being  required  to  fall  in 
line  and  await  their  turns.  In  addition  to  the  guard  kept  on  the  first 
floor,  there  was  also  one  stationed  in  the  little  back  yard  where  the 
well  of  water  was  situated ;  and,  besides  these,  there  was  a  strong 
guard  at  regular  intervals  around  the  i)rison  building.  Escai)e 
seemed  next  to,  if  not  absolutely  impossible,  but  prisoners  confined 
as  we  were  are  ever  restless,  and  ready  at  all  times  to  resort  to  des- 
perate means  to  gain  their  freedom. 

About  three  weeks  after  the  discovery  of  our  tunnel,  ten  prisoners 
went  below  at  night  in  the  usual  manner  to  procure  water.  WHien 
they  reached  the  back  yard,  which  I  have  before  described,  one  of 
them  approached  the  guard  and  asked  him  if  he  wanted  to  trade  for 
a  gutta  percha  finger  ring.  (The  guards  were  always  on  the  trade 
when  they  had  the  opportunity.)  The  guard  replied  that  he  did  not 
know,  and  wanted  to  see  the  ring.  While  the  guard  was  looking  at 
the  ring  and  dickering  about  the  price,  a  prisoner  approached  him 
from  bedind  and  dealt  him  a  heavy  blow  on  the  head,  felling  him  to 
the  ground.  Another  prisoner  had  stationed  himself  near  a  small 
gateway,  which  had  formerly  been  used  as  a  passage  way  in  and  out, 
but  which  of  late  had  been  securely  barred  by  heavy  oak  planks 
nailed  cross-wise.  As  soon  as  the  guard  was  knocked  down,  the 
prisoner  at  the  gate  began  to  knock  off  these  plank,  using  for  the 
purpose  an  old  a.K  with  which  he  had  provided  himself  before  coming 
down  stairs. 

The  result  was  that  ten  made  their  escape  through  the  guards  no 
the  outside  of  the  prison.     The  guard  who  was  knocked  down  began 


Our  Knapsack.  287 

screaming  as  if  suffering  from  a  horrible  night-mare,  and  the  guard 
on  the  lower  floor  of  the  prison  was  so  shocked  with  fear  that  more 
than  fifty  of  us  prisoners,  rushing  down  stairs,  passed  by  him  with- 
out opposition.  We  surmised  that  a  break  for  liberty  was  being 
made,  and  we  all  rushed  for  the  place  of  exit.  But  the  alarm  had 
been  sounded  to  guards  on  the  outside,  and  on  our  reaching  the  gate 
we  were  met  by  a  company  of  Confederate  soldiers  with  fixed  bayo- 
nets, who  made  us  hurry  back  up  stairs  about  as  fast  as  we  had  come 
down.  Nine  of  the  ten  men  who  made  their  escape  were  captured 
and  returned  to  prison  ;  of  the  tenth  I  never  learned  of  his  recapture 
or  successful  escape. 

Soon  after  this  last  occurrence  1  was  taken  sick  with  typhoid  fever, 
and  for  nearly  a  week  I  lay  in  my  place  on  the  floor  suffering  in- 
tensely. The  hum  of  conversation  and  other  necessary  noises  of 
the  prison  greatly  aggravated  my  suffering,  and  as  I  was  without 
medical  attention  my  condition  became  alarming.  I  was  at  length 
moved  out  of  prison  and  placed  in  a  hospital  nearly  a  mile  from 
the  town.  Here  I  enjoyed  the  comforts  of  a  clean  bed  and  pure  air, 
and  besides  was  given  some  attention  by  the  doctors.  I  remained 
very  low  for  about  three  weeks — so  low  that  a  part  of  the  time  1  was 
unconscious  of  what  was  passing  around  me.  Finally,  my  strong 
constitution  enabled  me  to  weather  the  storm,  and  I  was  in  a  fair  way 
of  recovering  my  accustomed  good  health ;  my  appetite  returned  and 
I  was  able  to  be  up  a  part  of  each  day  and  walk  about  the  ward. 

I  began  to  congratulate  myself  on  a  rapid  recovery,  but  one  even- 
ing about  a  week  after  I  commenced  moving  about,  I  felt  so  ill  of  a 
sudden  that  I  was  scarcely  able  to  reach  my  bed,  and  my  fever 
seemed  to  have  returned  with  all  its  original  malignity.  I  thought 
that  by  some  means  I  had  taken  a  relapse,  and  I  began  to  think  that 
I  would  soon  be  paroled  into  the  next  world.  After  taking  my  bed 
I  became  violently  delirious,  and  I  have  a  vivid  recollection  of  that 
terrible  night  of  scorching  fever.  I  imagined  myself  in  a  hundred 
different  fearful  positions.  At  one  time  I  seemed  to  be  cut  up  into 
numerous  pieces,  placed  in  a  wheel  and  whirled  round  with  lightning 
velocity  ;  then  I  would  suffer  from  some  other  hallucination.  The 
next  morning  my  fever  abated  somewhat,  and  I  felt  better.  When 
the  doctor  made  his  customary  morning  round  he  looked  at  me  a 
moment  and  then  directed  the  nurses  to  carry  me  out  of  the  ward, 
and  telling  me  at  the  same  time  that  I  had  the  small-pox,  and  that 
it  would  not  do  for  me  to  stay  there.  A  little  while  before  this  the 
small-pox  had  broken  out  among  the  prisoners  at  Danville,  and  I 
had  in  some  manner  been  exposed  to  it.  The  nurses  carried  me  to 
an  old  out-building  which  had  the  siding  partly  knocked  off  of  it, 
and  which  was  situated  at  some  distance  from  the  rest  of  the  build- 
ings. Here  were  already  a  dozen  or  more  prisoners  with  the  same 
disease,  furnishing  the  company  which  misery  is  said  to  love.  I 
now  realized  that  my  situation  was  a  desperate  one,  and  I  nerved 
myself  to  endure  and  suffer  much.  On  the  following  day  several 
other  small-i)ox   patients   were   brought   in,  and  at  the  end  of  the 


2  88  i)io    Kna/^stick. 

third  dav  our  miiiibcr  had  increased  to  forty,  thus  (  rowding  the  old 
ImiUling  to  its  utmost  capacity,  and  creating  a  pic  lure  of  sit:kness 
and  suffering  that  would  appall  the  stoutest  heart.  We  were  crowded 
and  piled  together  in  a  manner  that  wt)uld  have  been  very  iincom- 
torlahle  to  men  in  health.  Some  of  our  number  had  the  disease  in 
its  most  malignant  form;  most  of  these  died.  Others  were  afflicted 
in  a  milder  form  and  a  majority  of  these  soon  recovered.  All  night 
long  was  heard  the  moaning  of  the  sick  and  the  ravings  of  the 
delirious.  Much  less  attention  was  paid  us  than  our  suffering  con- 
dition demanded  ;  we  were  left  to  get  well  or  die,  as  the  case  might 
be,  and  those  who  recovered  did  not  owe  their  recovery  to  careful 
nursing.  Sometimes  a  patient  would  become  delirious,  gel  out  of 
bed  and  walk  out  into  the  cold  and  snow  barefoot,  and  would  have 
to  be  brought  back.  Such  cases  as  this  invariably  died.  Those  who 
died  during  the  night  were  suffered  to  remain  with  us  till  morning 
and  then  carried  out  for  burial.  Our  dead  numbered  three,  some- 
times four  each  night.  It  was  indeed  a  charnel-house  of  death  and 
misery  ;  life  and  death  struggled  for  the  mastery,  and  death  usually 
won.  Those  who  escaped  death  and  recovered  did  so  by  passing 
through  the  most  trying  scenes  and  by  being  blessed  with  constitu- 
tional vigor  that  defied  the  ravages  of  disease.  Fortunately  for  my- 
self I  had  the  disease  in  its  mildest  form,  and  on  that  account 
weathered  through  The  small-pox  at  length  spread  to  the  main 
[prisons  in  the  town,  and  the  pest  houses  being  already  full  to  over- 
flowing, many  suffered  and  died  of  the  disease  without  being  re- 
moved from  the  prison,  and  the  cases  of  small-pox  became  so  general 
as  to  excite  very  little  attention. 

After  about  four  weeks  I  had  so  far  recovered  as  to  be  able  to  go 
about,  and  my  appetite  was  so  improved  that  1  could  have  eaten 
much  more  than  I  did  if  I  could  have  had  it ;  and  sometimes  I  was 
fortunate  enough  to  have  given  me  the  rations  of  some  other  unfor- 
tunate comrade  who  was  too  sick  to  eat,  and  in  this  manner  I  some- 
times met  the  demands  of  my  appetite.  I  have  no  means  of  know- 
ing the  number  of  deaths  from  this  disease,  but  there  were  a  great 
many.  Having  no  means  of  guarding  against  the  contagion,  and 
being  crowded  closely  together  in  unventilated  rooms,  teeming  with 
stench,  dirt  and  filth,  our  condition  invited  the  disease,  and  in  the 
majority  of  cases  it  could  not  be  otherwise  than  fatal.  After  a  time 
I  was  returned  to  the  hospital  from  which  1  was  taken  when  attacked 
with  the  small-pox ;  here  I  was  allowed  two  light  meals  a  day,  con- 
sisting of  bread  and  soup,  but  in  no  case  was  this  sufficient  to  satisfy 
my  hunger.  Some  days  later  I  was  placed  in  another  hospital  nearer 
town  and  was  appointed  ward-master  in  the  same.  This  hospital 
had  two  wards  below  and  two  above,  and  all  were  filled  with  sick. 
The  worst  cases  were  in  the  ward  to  which  I  was  assigned,  and  my 
duties  were  such  that  I  had  four  assistants  under  me.  The  number 
of  patients  under  my  charge  was  usually  sixty,  and  the  deaths  were 
often  six  in  a  day.  As  soon  as  one  died  and  was  carried  away  this 
place  was  supplied  with  another  patient. 


Our  Knapsack.  289 


Over  our  hospital,  as  a  sort  of  general  superintendent,  was  a  Con- 
federate officer  named  Daffan.  This  Daffan  passed  through  the 
wards  each  day,  gathering  up  the  property  of  the  dead  men,  saying 
that  he  had  to  account  to  our  government  for  all  the  property  of  the 
dead.  A  short  time  previous  to  this,  the  federal  government  had 
supplied  the  prisoners  with  many  articles  of  clothing,  besides  blankets 
and  many  articles  of  comfort,  and  many  of  us  had  good  pants,  shoes, 
blouses  and  shirts.  Whenever  one  of  the  men  died,  Daffan  would 
come  around  inquiring  for  the  "  effects  "  of  the  deceased,  as  he  called 
them,  and  everything  of  value  was  gathered  together  and  handed 
over  to  old  Daffan.  He  was  particular  to  impress  on  our  minds  that 
he  had  to  account  to  our  government  for  all  these  things.  We  knew 
all  the  time  that  he  was  lying  to  us  in  this  matter,  but  it  would  not 
help  the  matter  to  tell  him  of  it.  Several  times  we  put  the  good 
clothing  on  the  bodies  of  the  dead  and  they  were  buried  with  these 
on.  This  displeased  Daffan  very  much,  who  said  it  was  all  a  need- 
less waste,  and  threatened  me  that  if  I  allowed  the  like  to  occur 
again  he  would  have  me  returned  to  prison.  The  old  fiend  said  that 
a  man  was  just  as  well  off  by  being  buried  in  his  old  clothes,  and  no 
better  off  for  being  buried  in  his  best,  and  that  our  federal  authorities 
would  be  greatly  displeased  when  they  learned  of  this  waste.  I 
regarded  this  as  a  piece  of  cool  impudence  on  the  part  of  Daffan,  to 
think  that  I  would  believe  a  story  so  full  of  deceit  and  falsehood,  but 
I  kept  from  expressing  what  I  thought,  for  I  knew  that  anything  I 
might  say  would  do  no  good,  and  would  only  aggravate  him  to  inflict 
some  indignity  upon  me. 

I  had  now  recovered  my  accustomed  health,  and  by  a  Ijetter  supply 
of  food  was  improving  daily,  having  the  opportunity  of  keeping  my- 
self more  cleanly  than  I  could  do  in  the  prison.  Daffan  made  his 
usual  rounds,  demanding  of  the  attendants  the  effects  of  the  dead. 
Of  the  number  of  dangerously  sick  was  a  Dutchman  who  occupied 
a  cot  in  one  of  the  tiers  near  the  center.  Across  the  aisle  from  him 
lay  a  patient  who  had  on  a  pair  of  good  shoes,  an  article  of  which 
the  Dutchman  was  entirely  destitute.  When  this  man  died  the 
Dutchman  insisted  so  hard  that  I  should  let  him  have  the  shoes,  that 
I  told  him  that  I  was  liable  to  get  into  trouble  if  I  let  him  have  them, 
but  if  he  would  get  up  and  get  them  himself  I  would  pretend  that  I 
knew  nothing  of  it,  and  I  would  offer  no  objections.  This  he  did, 
and  the  coveted  shoes  were  placed  under  his  own  bunk.  When 
Daffan  came  in  to  take  possession  of  this  man's  effects  he  overlooked 
the  shoes,  and  the  Dutchman  remained  in  peaceable  possession  of 
them. 

It  was  reported  and  generally  believed  in  the  hospital,  that  this 
Dutchman  had  four  or  five  hundred  dollars  in  greenbacks  stowed 
away  somewhere  about  his  person,  and  Daffan  had  said  to  one  of  the 
nurses  that  the  old  man  had  better  give  that  money  over  to  him  for 
safe  keeping  till  he  got  well.  On  the  night  of  the  third  day  after  the 
shoes  bad  changed  owners,  while  one  of  the  nurses  and  I  were  seated 
(juietty  by  the  stove,  we  heard  the  labored  breathing  of  the  Dutch- 

34 


290  Our   Knapsack. 

man,  and  taking  a  light  we  went  to  his  bed  and  found  that  he  was 
indeed  dying.  He  survived  but  a  few  minutes  after  we  first  heard 
his  heavy  l)reathing.  Our  custom  was  that  when  a  patient  died  the 
body  was  placed  in  a  suitable  position,  and  if  at  night,  the  remains 
were  left  on  the  cot  till  morning.  It  was  a  singular  fact  that  nearly 
three-fourths  of  the  deaths  occurred  in  the  night,  but  why  this  was  so 
1  could  never  determine. 

At  the  time  of  the  death  of  this  Dutchman  only  myself  and  one 
attendant  were  up,  and  we  i)erformed  the  necessary  work  of  preparing 
the  body  for  burial  on  the  following  morning.  The  nurse  and  I 
talked  over  the  matter  of  the  wealth  of  the  deceased,  and  both 
expressed  a  desire  to  know  the  truth  of  the  report  of  his  keeping  a 
large  amount  of  money  about  him  We  concluded  that  if  we  found 
it  that  we  could  use  it  to  as  good  advantage  as  Daffan  could,  and  we 
made  dilligent  search  in  the  bed  and  clothing  of  the  dead  man, 
hoping  to  gain  possession  of  the  reputed  wealth,  and  disappoint 
Daffan  by  keeping  it  ourselves.  Our  search  was  rewarded  by  finding 
only  a  few  dollars  of  Confederate  money  and  some  trinkets  of  very 
little  value.  We  were  now  satisfied  that  the  report  about  his  having 
a  great  quantity  of  greenbacks  was  a  hoax,  and  we  confessed  ourselves 
disappointed.  The  next  morning  the  body  was  removed  in  the 
customary  manner  by  placing  it  in  the  dead-house.  Daffan  came 
into  the  hospital  the  next  morning,  and  learning  of  the  death  of  the 
Dutchman,  made  inquiry  for  his  effects.  I  gave  him  all  that  had 
been  found,  and  noticed  that  Daffan  appeared  much  disapi)ointed. 
He  asked  if  we  did  not  find  a  quantity  of  greenbacks,  and  we 
assured  him  that  nothing  of  the  kind  had  rewarded  our  search.  He 
remarked  that  it  was  very  strange  indeed,  and  we  read  in  his  looks 
that  he  suspicioned  me  of  having  the  dead  man's  money,  but  he  went 
out  of  the  ward  and  did  not  return  immediately.  In  a  short  time, 
however,  he  came  back  accompanied  by  four  soldiers  with  fixed 
bayonets,  and,  after  telling  me  that  I  was  suspected  of  having  the 
dead  man's  cash,  he  ordered  them  to  search  me  thoroughly.  They 
proceeded  to  a  careful  inspection  of  every  possible  and  impossible 
place  about  my  person  where  money  could  or  could  not  be  concealed; 
they  ripped  open  the  collar  of  my  overcoat,  but  the  imaginary  lost 
treasure  was  nowhere  to  be  found.  Then  they  turned  their  attention 
to  my  straw  mattress  and  pillow,  and  straw  after  straw  of  both  these 
articles  was  made  to  undergo  careful  scrutiny.  Then  other  parts  of 
the  ward  were  carefully  searched,  but  nothing  was  found,  for  the 
reason  that  there  was  nothing  to  find.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
I  had  been  vindicated  by  the  result  of  this  search,  I  was  from  this 
time  on  a  marked  man,  and  under  the  ban  of  suspicion.  I  was 
immediately  deprived  of  my  position  as  ward  master,  and  was  made 
to  perform  duties  of  the  most  menial  kind,  and  every  effort  was  put 
forth  to  inflict  upon  me  some  humiliation  and  insult.  After  a  few 
days  I  was  sent  back  to  my  old  prison  in  town.  I  had  been  at  the 
hospital  over  three  months,  and  in  that  time  had  suffered  both  from 
typhoid  fever  and  small-pox,  but  had  recovered  from  both,  so  that 


Our  Knapsack.  291 

now  I  was  much  improved  in  my  general  health,  and  was  looking  and 
feeling  better  than  at  any  time  since  the  beginning  of  my  imprison- 
ment. Spring  was  now  close  at  hand,  for  as  near  as  I  can  remember 
it  was  about  the  middle  of  March,  or  perhaps  a  little  later. 

Maiiy  changes  had  taken  place  in  the  prison  during  my  absence  : 
many  had  sickened  and  died.  Some  of  my  special  friends  had 
been  carried  out  to  the  hospital,  and  of  the  many,  but  a  few  had 
returned.  From  the  hospital  they  had  been  carried  to  the  dead- 
house,  and  from  thence  to  the  dwelling  place  of  the  martyred  dead, 
to  join  the  unreturning  throng. 

The  small-pox  continued  to  prevail  in  the  prison,  but  it  had  become 
much  milder  in  its  character,  and  was  now  much  less  dreaded  than 
formerly.  Our  captors  still  maintained  a  strong  guard  on  the  lower 
floor  and  in  the  back  yard,  and  but  three  persons  were  permitted  to 
go  down  stairs  and  out  to  the  well  at  a  time.  So  many  had  died  in 
the  three  months  of  my  absence  that  the  prison  was  much  less 
crowded  than  when  I  left.  The  chances  for  escape  by  the  back  gate 
or  by  tunneling,  were  now  hopeless,  and  I  soon  settled  down  in  my 
old  place,  made  some  new  acquaintances  in  place  of  many  of  the  old 
ones  who  had  died,  and  resigned  myself  to  whatever  awaited  me. 

Our  rations  had  become  extremely  light — barely  enough  to  keep  us 
ravenously  hungry  all  the  time,  and  to  keep  our  minds  and  conver- 
sation dwelling  on  imaginary  feasts,  which  we  were  to  enjoy  in  the 
future.  In  the  beginning  of  our  imprisonment,  and  for  months 
following  our  capture,  we  had  allowed  ourselves  to  hope  for  a  speedy 
exchange ;  but  now  that  months  were  lengthened  into  years,  hope 
was  succeeded  by  dispair,  and  we  no  longer  allowed  ourselves  to 
encourage  a  hope  of  release  in  this  way.  The  only  thing  left  for  us 
to  do  to  obtain  freedom  from  our  prison  life,  was  to  plan  and  perfect 
an  escape.  Being  carefully  guarded  day  and  night,  this  was  no  easy 
task,  and  required  strategy  and  daring  of  a  superior  kind.  Adjoining 
our  prison  was  another  building,  the  roof  of  which  covered  about  one- 
third  of  the  window  on  the  north  side  of  our  prison,  and  this 
seemed  to  offer  a  possible  chance  of  escape.  If  we  could  manage 
to  saw  the  bars  off  which  covered  this  window,  remove  the  glass  and 
crawl  out  upon  the  roof  of  this  addition,  there  was  a  chance  of  jumping 
to  the  ground,  a  distance  of  ten  or  fifteen  feet  from  the  eaves.  By 
choosing  a  dark  night,  and  making  the  effort  so  suddenly  as  to  sur- 
prise the  guards,  it  was  thought  to  be  barely  practicable,  but  our 
situation  was  so  gloomy  that  our  desperation  nerved  us  for  the  trial. 
Consulting  among  ourselves,  we  concluded  that  if  a  number  should 
undertake  it  at  a  time,  crawl  out  on  this  roof,  jump  off,  and  attempt 
to  escape  by  running,  there  was  a  possibility  of  some  of  our  number 
escaping.  The  work  of  sawing  off  the  bars  must  be  done  on  the 
same  night  of  our  attempted  escai)e,  for  to  remove  the  bars  and  let 
the  work  remain  to  be  completed  at  a  future  time,  would  have  been 
fatal  to  the  plot.  The  undertaking  rec[uired  the  strictest  secrecy. 
The  first  steps  were  taken  by  making  a  number  of  case  knives  into 
saws. 


29-  ^"''  Kiiiipsac/K. 

The  loader  in  this  inatler  was  a  shrewd  Irishman  named  John  Foy. 
Kd.  Mitchell,  another  Irishman,  Tom  Hintun,  my  partner,  and  myself, 
were  the  originators  and  prime  movers  in  the  work.  One  jjart  of  our 
plan  was  to  keep  our  scheme  to  ourselves  until  the  arrival  of  the  night 
when  it  was  to  be  carried  out,  and  then  make  it  generally  known,  and 
induce  as  many  to  join  us  as  dared  to  do  so,  thus  increasing  our  indi- 
vidual chances  of  escape.  We  determined  to  wait  for  a  dark,  rainy  night, 
for  on  such  a  time  our  guards  were  less  vigilant  than  on  other  occa- 
sions. It  was  not  long  till  a  favorable  night  arrived,  and  we  set  to 
work  with  a  will  to  execute  what  we  had  been  so  long  and  hopefully 
planning.  Soon  as  we  began  sawing  at  the  window-bars  it  became 
known  in  the  i)rison  that  an  attempt  to  escape  was  to  be  made  that 
night,  and  al)out  fifty  or  si.xty  of  the  prisoners  expressed  their  inten- 
tion of  making  the  effort  along  with  us.  We  sawed  away  at  the  bars 
by  turns  until  about  half  past  eleven  o'clock  at  night,  when  we 
succeedid  in  removing  one  bar,  making  an  opening  sufficiently  large 
for  a  man  to  crawl  through,  and  nothing  was  now  left  but  to  determine 
who  should  follow.  By  this  time  more  than  one-half  the  number 
who  had  been  so  ready  to  escape  with  us,  had  experienced  a  change 
of  purpose,  and  had  gone  off  and  laid  down,  preferring  to  bear  their 
present  terrible  misfortunes,  rather  than  to  attem[)l  what  seemed  a 
barely  possible  chance  of  bettering  their  condition.  To  us  who  had 
originated  the  plan,  this  determination  on  the  part  of  our  comrades, 
had  no  effect  tending  to  change  our  purpose,  for  we  had  reckoned 
the  cost  and  weighed  the  risks  before  we  began.  The  rain  which 
had  been  falling  during  the  early  part  of  the  night  now  ceased,  and 
glimpses  of  bright  sky  could  be  seen  here  and  there  through  the 
clouds.  It  appeared  to  us  that  it  was  a  remarkably  light  night,  being 
cloudy  and  no  moon  at  all.  Now  that  the  night  began  to  grow 
lighter,  thus  decreasing  our  chances  of  escaping  unobserved  by  the 
guards,  we  began  to  debate  whether  to  go  on  with  our  half  executed 
project  or  to  abandon  it  altogether.  To  us  prisoners,  situated  in  a 
dark  room,  and  full  of  fears  and  anxiety,  every  outside  object  seemed 
magnified;  indeed  I  sometimes  seemed -to  think  that  the  light  itself 
was  magnified.  Our  numbers,  too,  were  fast  decreasing,  and  out  of 
the  many  who  were  so  ready  to  go  at  the  beginning,  scarcely  a  dozen 
remained  firm  to  their  original  intention.  Counseling  over  the  matter 
we  tarried  till  half  past  twelve  or  one  o'clock.  If  we  failed  to  go 
now,  our  work  would  be  discoved  in  the  morning,  and  we  would,  in 
all  probability  be  made  to  suffer  for  what  we  had  already  done.  At 
last  Foy,  who  was  standing  nearest  the  window,  turned  to  the  rest  of 
us  and  said  in  a  whisper,  that  if  any  of  us  would  follow,  he  would 
creep  out.     We  told  him  to  go  on  and  we  would  be  with  him. 

He  crept  out,  Mitchell  followed,  then  Hinton,  and  then  myself. 
Our  plan  was  to  reach  the  roof  and  all  remain  ipiietly  on  the  same 
until  all  who  made  the  attempt  were  ready,  then  to  drop  to  the 
ground,  and  each  for  himself,  escape  as  best  he  could.  I  handed  my 
haversack  to  the  one  who  was  to  follow  me ;  it  contained  a  piece  of 
corn  bread,  which  was  to  be  my  subsistence  until  fortune  supplied 


Our  Knapsack.  293 

something  more.  In  creeping  out  I  fancied  I  made  much  more  noise 
than  any  of  those  who  preceded  me,  and  on  reaching  the  roof  I  could 
see  the  dim. outlines  of  my  three  adventurous  companions  who  had 
crept  out  in  advance  of  me,  each  crouching  closely  to  the  roof  to 
avoid  being  observed  by  the  guards  who  were  pacing  to  and  fro  in 
the  darkness,  but  a  few  feet  below.  I  turned  round  in  a  half- 
straightened  position  to  reach  my  haversack,  and  in  doing  so  I  made 
a  cracking  noise  on  the  roof,  which  alarmed  my  comrades,  and  they 
commenced  jumping  from  the  building  to  the  ground  below.  In  a 
moment  the  guards  began  firing  and  shouting  the  alarm  at  the  top  of 
their  voices,  and  the  utmost  excitement  prevailed  both  inside  and 
outside  of  the  prison.  The  shouts  of  the  guards  and  the  reports  of 
their  guns  were  anything  but  music  to  our  ears.  I  had  not  yet 
jumped,  and  if  it  had  been  possible  I  should  have  returned  to  the 
prison  in  the  same  manner  I  had  escaped,  but  in  doing  so  I  would 
be  compelled  to  crawl  back  slowly,  and  the  guards,  being  now  fully 
aware  of  our  place  of  escape,  would  have  riddled  me  with  musket 
shots. 

A  train  of  thought  ran  through  my  mind  with  lightning  rapidity, 
and  I  saw  that  my  safest  plan  of  action  was  to  jump  to  the  ground, 
imitating  the  example  of  my  comrades  and  share  their  fate.  I 
accordingly  leaped  off  the  building  into  the  darkness  below,  striking 
on  my  feet  and  falling  heavily  forward  unto  my  knees  and  hands.  I 
jumped  right  over  the  heads  of  three  of  the  guards,  and  so  close  to 
them  that  they  could  have  touched  me  with  their  guns.  Each  of 
the  three  fired  at  me,  but  strange  to  say,  neither  shot  took  effect,  the 
darkness  of  the  night  and  the  confusion  of  the  moment  rendered 
their  aim  unsteady,  the  balls  overshooting  me.  The  flash  of  their 
pieces  blinded  me,  and  I  was  somewhat  shocked  by  striking  the 
ground,  but  before  they  could  lay  hold  of  me,  I  sprang  forward  and 
made  my  escape.  They  were  probably  of  the  opinion  that  their 
shots  had  killed  me,  and  they  being  in  no  haste  to  secure  a  dead 
man,  1  had  the  better  chance  of  getting  away.  In  my  haste  and 
fright  I  ran  across  the  street  and  came  in  collision  with  a  plank 
fence,  for  though  I  knew  the  fence  to  be  there,  I  was  too  much  ex- 
cited to  remember  it  at  that  moment.  The  force  with  which  I  struck 
the  fence  knocked  me  down,  and  I  was  for  some  minutes  too  much 
stunned  to  proceed.  All  was  excitement  and  confusion  in  and  about 
the  prison.  I  was  now  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  from  the 
prison  and  knew  nothing  of  the  fate  of  my  comrades.  As  soon  as  I 
was  somewhat  recovered  I  commenced  crawling  along  the  fence  in 
order  to  get  away  from  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  prison.  I  con- 
tinued to  crawl  until  I  came  to  a  corner  of  the  fence  opposite  prison 
No.  3,  when  I  was  able  to  turn  to  the  left  and  to  move  on,  still  crawl- 
ing and  hugging  the  ground  with  the  utmost  caution,  to  prevent  the 
guards  from  No.  3  seeing  me.  Having  passed  No.  3,  I  raised  to  a 
half-standing  position,  and  by  so  doing  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
guards  of  No.  4.  These  called  out,  "  Here  goes  one  of  them,"  and 
began    firing   at   me.       I   sprang  into  the  street   and  ran  as  fast  as  I 


294  ^"'    Knapsack. 

could.  The  alarm  brouglit  nearly  twenty  guards  in  ])ursuit  of  me, 
and  with  yelling,  shooting  and  running,  the  chase  soon  became  more 
iiilcresling  than  agreeable  to  me. 

1  would  trip  and  fall  on  my  knees,  then  gathering  myself  up  again 
and  hurry  on,  realizing  each  moment  that  my  pursuers  were  gaining 
on  me,  and  the  shots  from  their  guns  whistled  uncomfortably  close 
to  me.  Just  as  I  was  on  the  jjoint  of  giving  up,  I  came  to  a  ditch, 
over  which  was  a  short  bridge,  under  which  I  took  refuge,  sinking 
myself  as  far  as  possible  into  the  mud  and  water  with  which  it  was 
filled.  My  pursuers,  owing  to  the  darkness,  failed  to  notice  my 
jumping  into  the  ditch,  and  so  proceeded  further  on,  crossing  the 
bridge  under  which  lay  their  victim,  or  jumping  the  ditch  above  and 
below.  After  they  had  passed  I  sunk  myself  deeper  into  the  mud 
and  there  rested  for  some  time;  meanwhile  the  guards,  having  lost 
track  of  their  game,  returned,  cursing  and  swearing  and  wondering 
at  what  had  become  of  me.  After  all  was  quiet  1  commenced  crawl- 
ing down  the  ditch,  fearing  all  the  time  that  if  I  left  the  ditch  I 
would  be  discovered  and  retaken.  I  i)roceeded  in  this  way  till  I 
reached  the  mouth  of  the  ditch  where  it  emptied  into  the  canal. 
The  canal  and  river  being  on  one  side  and  the  town  on  the  other, 
made  my  progress  somewhat  uncertain.  I  could  not  cross  the  river, 
and  to  pass  through  the  city,  even  at  night,  would  be  attended  with 
great  danger.  1  at  length  moved  on,  creeping  as  I  went,  with  the 
canal  and  river  on  my  right  and  the  town  on  my  left;  finally,  I  came 
to  a  house,  back  of  which  was  a  high  plank  fence  inclosing  a  garden. 
This  fence  ran  so  near  the  canal  that  I  could  not  go  back  of  it,  and 
if  I  went  in  front  I  would  strike  the  street  and  be  in  danger  of  being 
seen.  The  fence  was  too  high  for  me  to  climb,  and  under  the  cir- 
cumstances I  hesitated  what  to  do.  I  halted  for  a  time,  debating 
with  myself  how  to  proceed.  While  thus  considering,  I  saw  at  a 
short  distance  a  creeping  form  approaching  me,  which  at  first  I 
feared  might  be  one  of  the  pursuing  guards,  but  my  second  thought 
led  me  to  hope  it  might  be  one  of  my  comrades,  and  acting  upon  this 
conclusion  I  crept  toward  it.  It  proved  to  be  my  dear  friend  Hinton, 
and  though  we  met  under  the  darkest  circumstances,  the  meeting 
was  a  joyous  one  to  both. 

We  congratulated  each  other  on  our  fortunate  meeting  and  for  a 
time  consulted  as  to  future  plans.  Hinton  could  tell  very  little  of 
the  fate  of  Foy  and  Mitchell,  but  .said  that  when  the  first  shots  were 
fired  at  the  prison  he  heard  some  one  say  he  was  shot,  but  could  not 
tell  which  it  was.  Hinton 's  wrist  was  badly  sprained  and  swollen, 
and  was  paining  him  very  much;  this  was  the  result  of  his  jumj) 
from  the  prison.  We  determined  to  cross  the  street  in  our  front  and 
pass  up  another  one  leading  to  the  suburbs  in  a  western  direction, 
and  finally  out  of  town. 

The  canal  and  river  shut  off  our  escape  in  that  direction,  and  we 
felt  certain  that  to  remain  here  till  daylight  would  result  in  our  re- 
capture. We  therefore  walked  out  across  the  street  in  our  front  and 
passed  up  another  one  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  town,  without  meet- 


Our  Knapsack.  295 

ing  or  seeing  a  single  person,  and  without  being  seen.  Once  or  twice 
we  were  bayed  at  by  some  dogs  that  ought  to  have  been  asleep  at 
this  untimely  hour.  Reaching  a  pike  entering  town  from  the  west, 
we  struck  out  in  a  brisk  walk  and  soon  left  the  town  with  its  hated 
prisons  far  behind  us.  We  congratulated  ourselves  anew,  and  began 
to  think  ourselves  real  heroes. 

We  soon  concluded  that  it  was  very  risky  to  travel  on  the  pike 
and  we  took  to  the  fields  on  our  left,  leaving  the  river  and  canal  on 
the  right.  The  rain  of  the  past  few  days  had  saturated  the  earth, 
and  the  fields  through  which  we  made  our  way  were  mirey  in  the  ex- 
treme, making  our  progress  slow  and  difficult.  The  fields  were  in- 
closed with  high  picket  fences,  similar  to  those  bound  around  gardens 
in  the  North,  and  we  were  often  compelled  to  creep  through  holes  in 
the  fence,  and  sometimes  we  tore  off  the  pickets  in  order  to  proceed 
in  a  direct  course.  Being  very  much  exhausted  with  the  labors  and 
excitement  of  the  early  part  of  the  night,  and  having  but  little  vigor 
and  strength  in  the  beginning,  we  found  ourselves  almost  completely 
worn  out,  and  though  we  desired  to  go  as  far  before  day  as  possible, 
we  were  at  length  forced  to  halt  and  rest. 

The  great  difficulty  of  traveling  through  the  fields  and  the  greater 
ease  of  traveling  on  the  pike,  induced  us  at  length  to  return  to  the 
pike,  intending,  when  daylight  came,  to  abandon  the  pike,  return  to 
the  fields  and  conceal  ourselves.  We  had  reached  the  pike  and  were 
moving  along  finely,  when  all  at  once  several  gruff  voices  ordered  us 
to  halt,  at  the  same  time  the  clicking-  noise  which:  accompanies  the 
cocking  of  muskets  gave  emphasis  to  the  command.  Our  strength 
was  so  near  exhausted  that  we  could  barely  walk  ;  therefore,  escape 
by  flight  was  not  to  be  thought. 

Blinded  by  the  darknes^s,  we  had  run  into  a  squad  of  the  enemy's 
pickets  who  were  guarding  a  ferry  on  the  river,  and  had  approached 
to  within  a  few  feet  of  them  before  we  were  halted.  We  had  no 
knowledge  of  a  ferry  at  this  place,  and  were  not  suspecting  the  pre- 
sence of  the  enemy's  pickets.  I  think  the  guards  were  placed  here 
more  to  intercept  rebel  deserters  than  to  recapture  escaping  prisoners. 
These  guards  had  already  been  notified  of  the  escape  of  prisoners 
from  the  town  and  were  on  the  lookout  for  us.  Our  captors  taunted 
us  on  the  failure  of  our  effort  to  escape,  and  said,  "  You-ens  might 
have  known  you  could  not  get  away  from  we-uns."  We  bore  their 
taunts  with  meek  submission,  not  deigning  a  reply.  A  sergeant  and 
four  men  were  detailed  to  take  us  back  to  town.  Ou  the  way  I 
suffered  much  from  thirst,  and  asked  the  guards  to  allow  me  to  lie 
down  at  a  pool  and  drink.  This  they  refused  to  do,  fearing  perhaps 
that  in  some  way  I  might  effect  my  escape  again.  It  was  broad  day 
light  when  we  reached  town.  I  was  covered  with  mud  from  head  to 
foot,  my  hair  was  matted  with  mud  and  dirt,  and  I  had  lost  my  hat, 
and  altogether  I  presented  a  sorrowful  plight.  One  Moffitt,  a  major 
in  rank,  commanded  at  Danville  at  this  time,  and  to  his  head(piarters 
we  were  taken.  The  major  had  not  got  out  of  l)ed,  but  presently  he 
made  his  appearance,  looking  sour  and  cross.      He  was  a  small  man, 


296  Our  Knapsack. 

having  dark,  penetrating  eyes,  and  an  ugly  Roman  nose,  and  was  al- 
together such  a  man  as  a  prisoner  would  prefer  not  to  meet  before 
breakfast.  He  eyed  us  with  a  look  that  threatened  annihilation,  and 
then  said  viciously,  "  I  will  make  you  fellows  pay  for  causing  us  all 
this  trouble."  The  sergeant  was  then  ordered  to  lake  us  up  to  the 
prison  and  leave  us  on  the  lower  floor  till  further  orders.  The  ser- 
geant obeyed,  placing  us  on  one  side  of  the  building  and  under  the 
care  of  a  lank,  long-haired  son  of  chivalry  as  guard,  telling  the  guard 
that  we  were  a  desperate  couple  and  to  shoot  us  upon  the  slightest 
effort  to  escape.  The  guard  placed  himself  in  a  valiant  attitude,  and 
pointing  his  long,  dirty  finger  at  us  said  :  "  Now,  Yank,  you  attempt 
to  move  and  1  will  put  a  ball  through  you  in  a  moment."  We 
assured  him  that  we  knew  escape  was  impossible,  and  therefore  we 
should  not  attempt  it.  As  soon  as  the  sergeant  had  gone  out  our 
guard  told  us  to  lie  down  and  rest  if  we  wished;  that  he  was  just 
doing  that  bully  talking  in  the  sergeant's  presence  for  effect,  and 
that  he  had  no  desire  or  intention  to  harm  us. 

The  other  prisoners  were  coming  down  stairs  and  returning  con- 
tinually on  their  trips  for  water,  and  all  availed  themselves  of 
getting  to  see  us,  as  we  were  objects  of  curiosity.  The  guard  was 
instructed  to  allow  no  conversation  between  us  and  the  other  prison- 
ers, though  we  prevailed  on  him  to  let  our  friends  from  up  stairs 
bring  us  something  to  eat.  They  brought  us  some  corn  bread  and 
sassafras  tea,  which  was  a  real  treat  to  us.  Upon  intiuiry  we  learned 
that  our  comrade  Mitchell,  who  had  attempted  to  escape  with  us  the 
preceding  night,  had  been  shot  through  the  left  breast,  and  was  now 
lying  up  stairs  alive,  but  not  expected  to  recover;  and  in  an  hour 
after  we  were  placed  under  guard  in  the  prison,  Foy  was  brought  in. 
He  had  a  badly  sprained  ankle,  the  result  of  jumping  from  the  build- 
ing. He  had  succeeded  in  getting  out  of  town,  but  found  himself 
unable  to  travel.  After  daylight  a  negro  came  across  him  and  Foy 
offered  the  negro  $10  if  he  would  feed  and  care  for  him  until  he. 
would  be  able  to  travel.  This  the  negro,  through  fear,  refused  to  do, 
but  went  away  and  informed  the  Confederates  where  he  was  to  be 
found.  He  was  accordingly  captured  and  brought  in.  They  now 
had  us  all  four,  and  we  were  in  a  sorry  plight.  Hinton  had  a  sprained 
wrist,  Foy  a  sprained  ankle  and  Mitchell  was  fatally  shot.  I  had 
escaped  serious  injury,  but  was  very  stiff  and  bruised  in  jumping 
from  the  roof  to  the  ground.  Soon  after  Foy  was  brought  in  the 
three  of  us  were  taken  into  the  middle  of  the  street  and  bucked.  This 
punishment  was  inflicted  upon  us  in  plain  view  of  the  men  in  both 
prisons.  We  were  placed  about  midway  between  the  two  buildings, 
the  object  being  to  make  the  lesson  an  impressive  one  to  the  other 
prisoners  and  to  humiliate  us  at  the  same  time.  Old  soldiers  know 
what  bucking  means,  but  the  ordinary  reader  needs  some  explanation. 
The  hands  nre  tied  together  in  front,  then  the  body  is  bent  down  and 
the  knees  bent  up,  while  the  arms  pass  down  the  outside  of  the 
knees.  Then  a  stick  is  thrust  under  the  knees  and  over  the  arms, 
and  the  work  is  done.      When  a  man  is  bucked  he  is  utterly  helpless, 


Our  Knapsack.  297 


and  the  position  of  the  body  is  so  cramped  that  the  situation  becomes 
unendurably  painful.  In  this  case  the  cords  were  tied  very  tight  on 
our  wrists,  which  greatly  increased  our  suffering,  and  our  hands  and 
arms  were  soon  very  much  swollen.  I  began  to  study  up  a  plan  of 
relief  from  my  painful  position,  and  thought  of  a  hundred  different 
ways  but  all  seemed  useless.  After  suffering  for  two  hours  my  limbs 
became  numb  with  the  pain  I  was  enduring.  All  at  once  a  thought 
struck  me  which  seemed  to  be  the  thing,  and  I  concluded  to  try  it. 
Whirling  myself  on  to  my  back  I  commenced  struggling  with  a  fit. 
I  had  seen  many  persons  in  fits  and  I  hoped  to  accomplish  some- 
thing by  a  close  imitation  of  the  genuine.  I  rolled  up  my  eyes  with 
a  stony,  vacant  stare,  grated  my  teeth,  worked  the  spittle  into  a  froth 
and  forced  it  into  the  corners  of  my  mouth,  and  so  contorted  my 
limbs  and  body  as  to  closely  resemble  the  symptoms  of  fits.  This 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  guards  at  once,  and  one  of  them  in- 
quired of  the  others  what  it  meant.  The  reply  was  that  he  did  not 
know,  but  he  believed  the  fellow  was  in  a  fit.  Another  suggested 
that  they  ought  to  untie  me,  for  in  that  condition  he  feared  I  would 
soon  die.  The  result  was  as  I  had  planned  it  should  be  ;  they  came 
to  me,  cut  the  cords  that  bound  me  and  then  left  me  to  "come  to"  at 
my  leisure.  I  found  it  more  difficult  to  recover  from  than  to  simu- 
late the  fit,  but  I  managed  to  do  so  with  fair  success.  After  rolling 
upon  the  ground  for  a  short  time  in  apparent  unconsciousness,  I 
raised  myself  to  a  sitting  posture  and  looked  around  me  in  a  half 
idiotic  manner,  pretending  not  to  understand  what  had  happened. 
At  length  I  sat  up  and  seemed  to  be  recovering  consciousness.  My 
companions  and  the  guards  were  completely  taken  in  by  my  acting,  and 
as  I  began  to  recover  they  approached  me  and  plied  me  with  numer- 
ous questions,  all  of  which  I  answered  in  a  foolish  manner.  The 
guard  asked  me  if  I  was  subject  to  these  spells.  I  answered  that  I 
guessed  I  was,  but  that  I  did  not  know.  Finally  the  lieutenant 
turned  to.Foy  and  asked  him  if  I  was  subject  to  fits.  Foy  answered 
promptly  that  I  was.  This  settled  the  matter  for  the  time,  and  the 
lieutenant  walked  away.  I  now  felt  that  I  had  accomplished  a  point 
and  made  a  good  thing  of  it  by  my  little  acting,  and  began  to  con- 
gratulate myself  on  its  success.  I  now  by  signs  communicated  to 
Foy  that  it  was  all  "  put  on,"  and  that  it  was  done  for  a  purpose.  I 
must  have  been  detected  in  this,  for  the  lieutenant,  who  had  been 
watching  me  closely,  approached  me  and  said  :  "  Young  man,  I  guess 
you  have  l)een  playing  '  possum'  on  us."  He  then  ordered  the  guards 
to  tie  me  v\\>  again.  To  this  1  did  not  protest,  for,  having  been  untied 
for  more  than  an  hour,  1  felt  that  it  was  quite  an  item  in  my  favor. 
We  were  kept  tied  till  late  in  the  afternoon,  and  then  cut  loose  and 
left  for  a  time  to  ourselves  till  we  were  sufficiently  recovered  to  walk, 
when  we  were  taken  back  to  our  former  places  in  the  prison.  We 
were  cautioned  not  to  repeat  our  effort  to  escape,  and  were  threatened 
with  worse  punishment  in  case  we  did.  Our  hands  and  wrists  were 
swollen,  and  our  legs  and  bodies  sore  from  the  effects  of  our  long  and 
painful  punishment,  and  it  required  all  our  efforts  to  walk, 


2<)S  Our   Knapsack. 

Our  diirinj;  ((jiiiradc,  Mitchell,  died  from  the  effects  of  his  wound 
ow  the  thirtl  day  after  being  brought  in. 

Viewing  this  effort  to  escape,  after  all  the  circumstances  are  made 
plain,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  our  guards  were  made  actpiainted 
with  our  plans,  and  that  these  were  communicated  to  them  by  spies 
in  the  ])rison,  who  were  sharing  imprisonment  for  the  only  pur|)Ose  of 
keeping  watch  over  our  conduct  and  of  rejwrting  to  the  rebels  any 
attem])t  on  our  part  to  escape.  These  rei)resented  themselves  to  us 
as  captives  from  the  Union  army.  If  our  cai)tors  had  not  been 
api)rised  of  our  intentions  to  escape,  there  would  not  have  been  so 
many  at  that  particular  point  where  we  hoped  to  find  the  fewest,  and 
these  would  not  have  l)een  prepared  to  shoot  with  such  promptness 
as  they  did  when  we  commenced  jumping  from  the  building.  But 
for  this  es])ionage  on  the  part  of  our  enemies,  we  would  have  cer- 
tainly taken  them  by  surprise  and  rendered  our  escape  possible.  I 
am  now  fully  convinced,  that  after  our  first  effort  to  escape,  that  spies 
w^ere  kept  in  our  prison  day  and  night,  and  that  our  sayings  and 
doings  were  reoorted  to  the  authorities. 

From  this  tune  until  our  removal  there  there  was  not  the  slightest 
chance  to  escape;  every  avenue  leading  to  liberty  was  carefully 
w;itched  and  str'^ngly  guarded. 

Our  rations  all  this  time  were  hardly  enough  to  sustain  us  from 
one  day  till  the  next,  and  but  for  the  hopes  of  liberation  and  return 
to  home,  friends  and  plenty,  our  desperate  circumstances  would  have 
driven  us  mad. 

All  the  endearments  of  home — the  comi)anionship  of  friends — the 
social  and  family  ties  and  the  many  blessings  from  which  we  seemed 
forever  separated,  were  the  topics  of  our  conversation  by  day  and  the 
subject  of  our  dreams  at  night. 

About  the  first  of  April,  1864,  rumors  circulated  through  the  prison 
to  the  effect  that  we  were  soon  to  be  sent  to  some  other  point.  We 
regarded  this  as  good  news,  for  it  seemed  to  us  that  a  change  might 
result  in  improving  our  condition,  while  it  seemed  impossible  that  it 
could  make  it  worse. 

We  grew  to  hate  the  name  of  Danville,  and  longed  for  the  day 
when  we  could  forever  shake  its  dust  from  our  feet  and  start  for 
some  other  place,  we  cared  not  where.  That  long-looked-for  day 
came  at  last. 

About  the  first  of  May  the  first  load  of  ])risoners  was  taken  from 
Danville,  and  those  left  l)ehind  were  ignorant  of  their  destination, 
but  learned  after  a  short  time  that  ihey  had  been  sent  to  a  [)rison 
somewhere  in  Cieorgia.  A  week  later  the  occupants  of  our  prison 
received  orders  to  leave.  We  were  permitted  to  take  all  our  little 
personal  effects,  but  as  none  of  us  were  possessed  of  a  great  ([uantity 
of  goods  this  favor  was  not  of  much  value  to  us. 

Some  of  us  had  blankets  and  overcoats ;  some  had  neither.  Many 
had  parted  with  their  clothing  from  time  to  time  for  something  to  eat, 
and  many  of  this  class  had  barely  clothing  to  hide  their  nakedness, 
and   not    enough   for  their  comfort,  even  in  that  mild  climate.     We 


Our  Knapsack.  299 

were  loaded  into  box  cars,  about  a  hundred  in  a  car,  and  this  neces- 
sitated considerable  crowding.  We  passed  a  number  of  towns  and 
villages  on  the  route,  the  names  of  which  I  cannot  recall.  We  trav- 
eled all  night  after  leaving  Danville,  only  stopping  now  and  then  to 
let  other  trains  pass,  and  to  procure  water.  Our  crowded  condition 
made  the  trip  tiresome  and  disagreeable,  but  we  endured  it  patiently, 
hoping  that  a  change*to  a  new  prison  would  bring  us  relief  in  some 
way. 

The  second  day  our  train  collided  with  another  train  loaded  with 
negroes ;  the  engines  were  badly  crushed,  but  no  one  on  board  was 
injured.  We  were  delayed  several  hours  while  procuring  another 
engine,  and  again  we  moved  on.  During  the  second  night  we  halted 
near  a  village  of  considerable  size  ;  here  we  got  off  the  train  and 
spent  the  night  in  camp  near  the  track.  I  was  so  worn  out  with 
travel  that  I  did  not  care  to  make  an  attempt  to  escape,  but  slept 
soundly  all  night.  Next  morning  we  again  moved  on  our  way,  and 
late  in  the  day  passed  through  Macon,  in  the  state  of  Georgia,  and 
the  same  night  reached  Anderson ville,  a  station  about  sixty  miles 
south  of  Macon.  We  remained  in  the  cars  till  daylight,  and  were 
then  unloaded  and  had  a  small  supply  of  food  issued  to  us.  This 
consisted  of  corn  bread  and  meat,  but  miserable  in  quality  and 
meager  in  quantity.  Following  the  advice  of  an  inspired  writer,  we 
ate  what  was  set  before  us  and  asked  no  questions.  Andersonville 
consisted  of  a  few  railroad  buildings  and  about  a  half  a  dozen  dwell- 
ing houses. 

After  we  had  eaten  what  had  been  furnished  us  we  were  ordered 
into  line  that  a  count  might  be  made  to  ascertain  if  any  had  escaped. 
The  commandant  of  this  prison  at  this  time  was  Captain  Wirtz,  who 
for  his  inhuman  brutality  in  the  treatment  of  prisoners,  was  after- 
ward hung  at  Washington.  Wirtz  was  a  devil  in  the  shape  of  a 
man ;  a  libel  on  the  human  race,  and  the  date  of  his  death  ought  to 
be  celebrated  all  over  the  land  with  bonfires  and  illuminations.  He 
came  out  of  his  quarters  near  by,  passed  down  our  line  with  his 
hands  clasped  behind  his  back,  eyeing  us  closely,  but  said  not  a 
word.  He  looked  to  be  fifty-five  years  old,  had  a  vicious,  restless 
eye,  sunk  far  into  his  head.  He  was  tall  and  spare  made,  with  a 
slight  stoop  in  his  shoulders.  He  was  not  an  American,  but  his 
looks  gave  him  the  appearance  of  a  native  of  one  of  the  German 
states.  His  look  was  cross,  sour  and  forbidding,  and  he  was  alto- 
gether the  fiend  in  appearance  that  he  proved  to  be  in  fact. 

Before  we  were  marched  to  the  prison  enclosure  our  names,  com- 
panies and  commands  were  carefully  registered.  The  prison  grounds 
at  this  time  contained  about  twelve  thousand  men  and  was  situated 
nearly  half  a  mile  from  the  station.  The  prison  was  encircled  by  a 
stockade  built  by  first  digging  a  ditch  four  or  five  feet  deep  round 
the  enclosure.  Into  this  ditch  were  planted  heavy  hewn  timbers, 
reaching  above  the  surface  twenty  feet,  and  firmly  set  in  the  ditch 
and  the  dirt  [)acked  in  closely  to  hold  them  in  their  place,  firm  and 
solid.     On  the  top  of  this  stockade,  at  a  distance  of   twenty   yards 


300  Our  Knapsai/c. 

from  each  otlier,  was  a  number  of  platforms,  or  sentry  |)osts,  where 
the  guards  were  stationed  when  on  duty,  and  on  the  outside  at  each 
l)hitf()rni  was  a  rude  stairway  which  led  from  the  ground  to  tiie  plat- 
form, and  which  was  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  guard  to  reach 
his  i)ost  of  duty.  On  the  inside  of  this  stockade  at  a  <lislance  of 
ten  feet  from  and  i)arallel  with  it,  ran  the  "dead  line." 

This  dead  line  was  a  row  of  ))Osts  set  in  th«  ground  at  intervals  of 
ten  or  twelve  feet  apart,  on  the  tops  of  which  a  narrow  plank  was 
nailed.  The  guards  were  instructed  to  shoot  any  jjrisoner  who 
should  approach  nearer  to  the  stockade  than  this  dead  line.  A  small 
stream  of  water  ran  through  the  stockade  near  the  center.  I-rom 
this  stream  the  jn-isoners  procured  all  the  water  they  used.  This 
was  warm  and  disagreeable  to  the  taste  and  was  unfit  for  use.  A 
few  trees  grew  in  the  inclosure,  and  the  stumps  of  many  more  were 
to  be  seen  here  and  there.  When  we  entered  tiie  stockade  the  men 
already  there  flocked  around  us  and  asked  us  a  multitude  of  ques- 
tions concerning  our  capture  and  imjirisonment,  and  many  other 
questions  concerning  the  progress  of  the  war,  which  we  could  not 
answer.  We  were  not  supplied  with  tents  nor  any  other  means  of 
protection  after  coming  here,  and  the  supjily  of  these  things  which 
we  brought  with  us  was  totally  insufficient  for  our  actual  needs  ;  we 
were,  therefore,  left  to  shift  for  ourselves  in  this  matter,  each  man 
taking  care  of  himself,  as  a  rule,  in  the  construction  of  his  habita- 
tion. 

Sometimes  a  number  would  associate  together  in  a  club,  and  by 
each  contributing  a  piece  of  tent,  a  bit  of  blanket  or  cloth,  they 
managed  to  provide  better  means  of  shelter  than  could  have  been 
done  singly.  But  there  were  many  who  had  nothing  of  any  kind  out 
of  which  to  construct  what  might  shelter  them  from  the  scorching 
sun  by  day  or  the  chilly  air  by  night.  To  this  class  the  burning  sun 
and  heavy  dews  added  much  to  their  other  hardships.  Four  other 
prisoners  joined  me  in  the  construction  of  quarters,  and  we  chose  a 
location  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  stockade,  but  a  few  feet  from  the 
dead  line,  and  on  the  south  side  of  the  creek.  We  dug  down  into 
the  sand  nearly  two  feet,  and  with  our  blankets  and  some  pieces  of 
canvas,  which  one  of  our  number  was  fortunate  enough  to  have  in 
his  possession,  we  managed  to  construct  a  very  respectable  looking 
tent  compared  with  the  others  about  us.  There  was  a  guard-post 
opposite  to  where  we  had  located  our  tent.  This  spot  had  been 
selected  by  us  on  account  of  its  commercial  advantages,  for  being 
thus  situated  we  could  trade  with  the  guards  when  any  trading  was 
to  be  done. 

Before  leaving  Danville  I  had  taken  the  precaution  to  lay  in  a 
stock  of  tobacco,  and  in  fi.xing  up  our  tent  I  placed  the  tobacco  near 
by  where  it  attracted  the  attention  of  a  prisoner  passing  by.  He  in- 
(piired  to  know  if  I  would  sell  it,  and  at  what  price.  1  told  him  I 
would  take  a  dollar  a  plug  for  it,  and  he  said  that  he  would  take  it 
all  at  that  price.  1  declined  to  sell  it  all  at  that  tin.ie,  but  allowed 
him  to  take  three  plugs,  for  which  he  paid  me  three  dollars  in  green- 


Our  Knapsack.  301 


backs.  Another  prisoner  standing  by  said  to  me  that  I  could  have 
got  three  dollars  a  plug  for  it  as  well  as  one  dollar.  I  thought  this 
very  strange,  for  this  same  tobacco  could  be  bought  at  Danville  for 
twenty-five  cents  a  plug.  1  now  began  to  realize  that  prices  ranged 
much  higher  here  than  at  Danville.  Soon  after  this  first  sale  a  guard 
came  on  duty  at  the  post  nearest  our  tent  with  a  bunch  of  onions 
for  sale.  These  I  bought  and  placed  them  in  small  piles  for  sale 
again.  In  a  short  time  I  had  sold  seven  dollars  worth  of  onions  and 
had  some  left  for  our  own  use,  which  made  us  a  light  mess.  Our 
prison  experience  had  taught  us  valuable  lessons  of  economy,  and 
every  atom  of  food  was  made  to  answer  to  its  fullest  extent. 

Our  arrival  at  Andersonville  was  about  the  middle  of  May,  1864, 
and  the  weather  was  already  oppressively  warm.  Being  unaccus- 
tomed to  the  climate  of  this  latitude  we  suffered  more  from  heat  than 
we  would  otherwise  have  done.  Our  rations  at  first  consisted  of 
about  two-thirds  of  a  pint  of  unsifted  corn  meal,  a  half  pint  of  raw 
beans  and  a  small  piece  of  meat ;  the  latter,  however,  we  did  not 
receive  but  two  days  out  of  the  three.  We  drew  our  rations  at  ten 
or  eleven  in  the  forenoon  ;  then  having  to  cook  them,  we  could  not 
get  our  dinner  sooner  than  about  one  o'clock.  Though  the  rations 
we  drew  were  designed  by  our  captors  to  make  us  three  meals,  we 
invariably  ate  the  whole  quantity  for  one,  and  if  this  one  meal  had 
been  sufficient  to  satisfy  our  appetites  we  would  have  thought  our- 
selves fortunate.  Wood  for  cooking  purposes  was  a  scarce  article, 
and  to  procure  enough  for  our  needs  we  dug  the  roots  from  the 
ground,  hacked  up  the  stumps,  and  it  was  not  long  until  every 
stump,  root,  chip  and  splinter  within  the  stockade  had  been  gathered 
and  consumed.  In  cooking  we  usually  boiled  our  beans  first  till 
they  were  soft ;  then  our  meat  was  sliced  thin  and  put  in  ;  afterwards 
our  meal  was  added  and  stirred,  making  what  we  called  "loblolly." 
When  a  number  messed  and  cooked  together  the  food  was  carefully 
divided,  giving  to  each  man  his  exact  share  of  the  mess. 

My  first  trade  with  the  guards  having  resulted  so  favorably,  1 
determined  to  continue  to  traffic  with  the  guards  who  came  on  duty 
at  the  post  nearest  our  tent,  and  besides  furnishing  our  mess  with 
something  extra,  I  soon  began  to  accumulate  money  ahead. 

Additional  prisoners  were  being  brought  in  nearly  every  day;  these 
had  more  or  less  money,  and  while  their  money  lasted  they  bought 
whatever  they  could  find  to  eat,  regardless  of  the  price.  Anything 
fit  to  eat  sold  at  a  fabulous  price,  and  tobacco  was  not  an  exception. 
The  following  prices  were  obtained  :  three  flour  biscuits,  $r.oo  ;  three 
eggs,  $1.00;  a  pint  of  flour,  $1.00;  onions  ranged  from  75  cts.  to 
$1.25  each;  fresh  pork,  $2.00  a  pound  ;  potatoes  were  bought  of  the 
guards  at  ^35  a  bushel,  and  afterwards  retailed  singly  ;  coffee  brought 
$5  per  pound.  These  prices  were  on  a  Cireenback  basis.  Confederate 
money  being  at  ten  cents  on  the  dollar.  The  daily  additions  being 
made  to  our  numbers  soon  brought  on  a  crowded  condition  of  the 
jjrison,  resulting  in  much  discomfort  and  additional  suffering.  In  a 
vast  crowd  like  this  there  are  always  a  variety  of  characters,  and  it 


302  Our  Knapsack. 

nuiv  not  seem  slr;ingc  lh;it  vice  in  ils  worst  forms  should  luive  re|)re- 
seiitatives,  and  that  the  depraved  and  baser  elements  in  such  a 
multitude  should  assert  itself. 

Here  was  the  sneak  thief,  the  gauiMer,  the  highwayman,  the 
murderer,  experts  in  every  vice  in  the  catalogue,  and  these  made  it 
necessary  to  keej)  a  careful  watch  on  everything  of  value,  night  and 
day.  Theft,  robl)j.'ry  and  other  heinous  crimes  were  committed  in 
open  day,  and  were  alarmingly  frwpient. 

There  were  two  main  streets  running  through  the  prison  grounds — 
one  on  the  north  side  and  one  on  the  south,  the  creek  running  be- 
tween the  two.  These  streets  on  either  side  were  lined  with  the 
tradesmen  who  bought  from  the  guards  in  large  (piantities,  and  after- 
wards retailed  in  smaller  (piantities  to  their  fellow  prisoners.  These 
dealers  occupied  sniall  stands  at  various  places  all  over  the  ground. 
At  one  place  could  be  seen  a  dealer  selling  flour  at  a  dollar  a  pint; 
near  him  could  be  seen  the  dealer  in  onions  and  potatoes.  Another 
one  could  be  seen  at  another  place  with  eggs,  biscuits  and  the  like. 
Our  lowest  class  of  merchants  dealt  in  soup  bones.  These  bones, 
after  being  first  carefully  picked,  were  sawed  or  cut  into  small  pieces, 
so  as  to  show  the  marrow  to  advantage.  Then  some  wretched  sol- 
dier, hatless,  his  pants  worn  ofif  to  the  knees  and  his  shirt  sleeves 
worn  off  to  the  elbows,  would  take  these  bones,  and  standing  in  a 
commanding  |)osition  would  yell  out  at  the  top  of  his  voice  :  "  Here 
is  your  nice,  fine,  rich  soup  bones  for  sale.  Walk  right  up  and  buy 
the  best." 

My  numerous  trades  with  the  guards  resulted  in  my  becoming  per- 
sonally known  to  many  of  them,  and  this  was  a  great  advantage  to 
us  in  our  provision  traffic.  By  careful  buying  and  selling  I  not  only 
ke|)t  the  mess  constantly  supplied  with  many  extras,  but  had  accumu- 
lated over  two  hundred  dollars;  I  had  been  singularly  prosperous 
in  all  I  had  undertaken.  The  grounds  were  becoming  more  and 
more  crowded  every  day,  for  hardly  a  day  passed  that  did  not  add  to 
our  numbers,  and  as  the  season  advanced  the  weather  became  ex- 
cessively hot  and  much  sickness  was  the  result.  The  water  which 
we  were  compelled  to  drink  and  make  general  use  of  was  warm  and 
dirty.  There  was  ahvays  a  large  number  of  men  at  the  creek  wash- 
ing and  getting  water,  and  the  consetiuence  was  that  the  water  was 
made  unfit  for  use  except  for  washing.  This  led  to  the  digging  of 
wells  in  various  parts  of  the  grounds.  The  surface  being  sandy  for 
fifteen  or  twenty  feet  made  digging  quite  easy,  and  better  water  was 
reached  at  a  depth  of  twenty-two  feet  than  could  be  had  at  the  creek. 
Many  of  these  wells  soon  became  useless  by  caving  in.  Our  supply 
of  fuel  had  become  exhausted ;  every  tree,  stump  and  root  had  been 
used,  and  now  and  then  small  squads  were  allowed  to  go  out  under 
guard  to  bring  in  a  supply  of  wood.  Going  out  for  wood  was  con- 
sidered quite  a  favor,  and  he  who  happened  to  be  so  fortunate  as  to 
be  detailed  for  that  purpose  was  to  be  congratulated,  for  in  so  doing 
he  found  many  an  opportunity  of  getting  some  nice  bit  to  eat  in  some 
manner  or  other;  or,  if  he  failed  in  this,  he  could  breathe  the  pure  air 


Our  Knapsack.  303 

and  rest  his  wearied  eyes  on  green  fields,  and  listen  to  the  song  of 
the  free,  happy  birds.  On  such  occasions  he  was  wont  to  wish  that 
he  had  the  wings  of  the  wind  that  he  might  fly  away  to  a  land  of 
beauty,  wealth  and  ha])piness,  leaving  behind  the  horrid  scenes  of 
that  worse  than  horrid  prison   pen. 

The  prevailing  diseases  among  the  sick  were  scurvy  and  chronic 
diarrhea,  and  to  such  an  extent  had  these  and  other  complaints  grown 
that  the  hospitals  on  the  outside  were  sufficient  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  less  than  one-fourth  of  those  who  needed  such  accommodation, 
and  conseciuently  hundreds,  for  lack  of  needed  attention  and  medical 
treatment,  were  left  to  die  inside  of  the  stockade.  Each  morning  the 
bodies  of  such  that  had  died  during  the  preceding  night,  were  carried 
out  to  the  dead-house.  Here  they  were  piled  in  wagons  like  so  many 
logs  of  wood,  and  hauled  to  the  place  of  burial,  where  they  were 
placed,  side  by  side,  in  long,  deep  trenches,  and  covered  with  dirt. 
No  such  thing  as  a  coffin  or  box  was  used  to^nclose  these  bodies,  and 
their  funeral  rites  were  things  only  to  be  thought  of,  but  not  to  be  ob- 
served. The  Union  prisoners  were  employed  in  the  work  of  digging 
these  trenches  and  in  covering  up  their  dead  comrades.  Even  the 
duty  of  carrying  a  dead  comrade  outside  of  the  stockade  was 
esteemed  a  favor,  and  I  have  known  men  to  pay  !|5  for  the  privilege 
of  carrying  a  corpse  to  the  dead-house.  The  reason  of  this  was  that 
in  returning  from  such  duty  each  man  was  permitted  to  bring  in  a 
load  of  wood  for  his  own  benefit.  Notwithstaiiding  the  prevailing 
death-rate,  our  prison  continued  to  become  more  and  more  crowded, 
and  the  whole  available  space  inside  the  dead-line  was  taken  up, 
and  the  whole  area  was  a  moving  mass  of  struggling,  suffering  human- 
ity ;  we  were  so  densely  packed  that  in  attempting  to  move  around 
we  had  to  pick  our  way  with  caution  through  the  throng.  The 
grounds  were  at  length  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  eight  acres  to  the 
inclosure,  making  the  total  area  near  twenty  acres,  and  yet  this  ad- 
dition, though  it  gave  us  some  relief,  left  us  very  much  crowded. 

By  July  I  St,  1864,  it  was  estimated  that  our  numbers  reached 
twenty-five  thousand,  a  figure  rather  below  than  above  the  real  num- 
ber, I  have  no  doubt.  With  increasing  numbers  the  morals  of  the 
prison  seemed  to  become  more  and  more  corrupt.  Person  and 
property  was  safe  nowhere;  robberies  and  petty  theiving occurred  day 
and  night ;  no  one  was  safe  from  the  attacks  of  the  human  vultures 
who  preyed  upon  their  weaker  and  more  unfortunate  brethren. 
About  the  first  of  July  our  captors  began  cooking  our  rations  on  the 
outside  of  the  prison,  thus  avoiding  the  necessity  of  sending  us  out 
for  wood  under  guard.  Instead  of  corn  meal,  as  before,  we  received 
corn  bread,  made  from  unsifted  meal,  and  without  salt.  Our  beans 
were  also  cooked  for  us,  and  about  every  other  day  we  were  furnished 
with  a  very  small  bit  of  meat  to  each  man.  It  is  truly  astonishing 
what  a  small  quantity  of  food  it  takes  to  sustain- human  life,  and  how 
tenacious  we  cling  to  life,  even  when  it  seems  to  offer  nothing  but 
suffering.  Our  circumstances  illustrated  this  point  to  an  extent  we 
never  before  dreamed  of     We  had  among  us  men  of  all  grades  and 


^o4  Our   Kiiapsdi/c. 

ilispusilions ;  all  the  walks -uf  life  had  rcprcsciUalivcs,  and  misery 
and  wrcU  hcdncss  paid  no  respect  to  the  one  more  than  to  the  oilier. 
Stpialid  misery  stalked  abroad  at  midday,  nor  stayed  its  hand  in  the 
darkness  of  the  night.  Men  who  had  been  brought  up  in  affluence 
and  elegance,  shared  the  wretchedness  of  the  lowest  born  of  his 
comrades.  The  poorer  and  most  destitute — those  wjthout  tent, 
blanket  or  other  means  of  comfort,  wandered  about  the  pen  seeking 
for  stray  cumbs  of  food  that  might  fall  in  their  way.  Old  |)otato 
l)arings,  stray  beans,  or  any  other  morsel  were  eagerly  sought  for  and 
devoured.  Their  shari)ened  visages  and  haggard  looks  told  a  tale  of 
starvation  and  want  that  can  not  be  told  by  tongue  or  pen.  To  alle- 
viate the  sufferings  of  those  around  us  seemed  ne.xt  to  impossible  ; 
we  were  all  in  the  same  desperate  condition,  and  if  there  were  those 
who  seemed  to  fare  better  than  the  rest,  they  were  such  as  resorted 
to  trade  and  made  special  efforts  to  improve  their  condition.  An 
effort  to  relieve  one  would  cause  a  thousand  others,  as  destitute  as 
the  one,  to  ask  for  relief  on  as  good  grounds.  On  the  south  side  of 
the  creek  the  grounds  had  become  very  mirey.  The  filth  from  the 
higiier  grounds  had  accumulated  in  this  quarter,  and  it  became  a 
(juagmire,  and  millions  of  maggots  s(piirmed  and  worked  in  this 
filthy  offal,  presenting  a  sight,  which  when  seen,  can  never  be 
recalled  except  with  a  shudder  of  disgust. 

Constant  association  with  sickness,  suffering  and  death  had  made 
us  somewhat  callous  in  our  feelings  toward  our  fellow  sufferers,  and 
many  had  allowed  this  feeling  of  indifference  to  get  full  possession 
of  them,  leaving  no  room  for  sympathy  or  pity.  With  each  of  us  it 
was  such  a  struggle  for  existence,  that  self-preservation  ruled  our 
every  act  and  dictated  our  very  thoughts.  The  weaker  and  more 
destitute  were  the  first  victims  ot  disease  and  death.  It  seemed  in 
many  cases,  that  when  hunger  and  disease  had  done  their  work,  the 
starving  victim  would  wander  off  to  to  the  creek,  and  there  he  would 
fall,  or  sinking  into  the  swampy  soil,  would  there  lay  until  death 
ended  a  life  of  misery.  No  helping  hand  was  reached  out  to  aid 
him.  Every  finer  and  nobler  feeling  seemed  paralyzed,  and  the  one 
thought  of  self-preservation  checked  every  feeling  of  humanity. 
Death  was  doing  his  work  on  the  right  and  on  the  left,  and  it  was  a 
common  thing  to  i>ass  by  a  dying  man  in  our  walks  around  the 
different  parts  of  the  prison.  Lying  in  the  hot  sun,  unattended,  and 
usually  unknown,  the  sufferer  would  struggle  with  the  grim  monster 
until  struggling  ended  in  surrender.  Hundreds  were  passing  by  but 
no  one  cared  to  waste  his  time  or  his  pity  on  a  dying  man.  Inspec- 
tors passed  through  our  prison  every  day,  making  search  for  any 
attempt  at  tunneling  out  that  we  might  make,  and  if  a  tunnel  was 
begun  it  was  usually  detected  before  progressing  far. 

One  tunnel,  however,  escaped  detection,  and  this  was  projected 
about  twenty  yards*  from  the  stockade.  A  party  of  prisoners  were 
pretending  to  be  engaged  in  digging  a  well,  and  after  reaching  a 
depth  of  fifteen  feet  a  tunnel  was  begun  and  pushed  vigorously 
toward  the  outer  side  of  the  stockade.       When  the  insi)ectors  made 


Our  Knapsack.  305 

their  daily  rounds  the  diggers  would  be  found  in  the  bottom  of  their 
well  hard  at  work,  and  the  inspectors  looked  in  approvingly,  or 
passed  on  without  a  suspicion  of  the  scheme  on  hands.  The  work 
progressed,  undiscovered  by  the  rebels,  until  the  workmen  had  passed 
under  the  stockade,  and  preparations  were  being  made  for  a  grand 
exit  in  a  short  time.  Unluckily  for  the  enterprise  the  two  men  who 
were  working  in  it,  one  morning  about  sun  up,  struck  too  near  the 
surface  and  the  crust  caved  in  on  them.  Being  on  the  outside  they 
s[)rang  out  and  ran  for  life  and  liberty.  They  were  seen  by  the 
guards,  who  fired  many  times  at  them,  but  so  far  as  we  could  see 
they  were  unhurt,  and  I  never  learned  of  their  recapture. 

Now  and  then  some  poor,  unfortunate  prisoner  would  wander 
unthoughtedly  over  the  dead  line  and  suffer  the  consequences,  for 
the  established  rule  was  to  shoot  the  offender  without  warning — a 
rule  that  was  enforced  with  fiendish  delight  by  our  guards.  How 
many  met  death  in  this  way  I  know  not,  but  the  number  was  not  a 
few. 

Some  of  the  guards  would  fire  on  a  prisoner  whenever  they  could 
find  any  kind  of  a  plea  for  so  doing,  but  others  were  more  humane 
and  only  enforced  the  rigorous  rules  of  the  prison  because  it  was 
their  duty. 

Before  the  middle  of  July  the  number  of  prisoners  at  Anderson- 
ville  reached  twenty-five  thousand,  and  with  increasing  numbers  the 
want,  destitution,  sickness  and  death  grew  more  and  more  dreadful. 
Mention  has  been  previously  made  of  the  moral  depravity  and  con- 
set^uent  crimes  resulting  from  time  to  time.  Robberies  were  occur- 
ring daily  and  it  was  apparent  that  measures  must  be  taken  to  bring 
the  offenders  to  justice  ;  but  how  to  proceed  to  reach  that  end  was  a 
question  not  easily  answered,  and  for  a  time  longer  we  endured  what 
we  could  not  remedy.  Money  grew  scarcer  and  scarcer,  for  the 
reason  that  it  was  being  continually  sent  outside  the  prison  and  none 
of  it  was  being  returned.  This  state  of  affairs  was  aggravated  by 
the  fact  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  trade  with  the  guards.  The 
prison  authorities  finally  established  a  trading-post  inside  the  prison, 
and  here  we  were  compelled  to  do  whatever  trading  we  did  do,  but 
as  very  few  of  the  prisoners  had  any  money,  our  patronage  to  the 
established  store  was  exceedingly  light.  Up  to  the  time  at  which 
our  trading  with  the  guards  was  prohibited,  I  had,  from  a  small  be- 
ginning, increased  my  capital  to  two  hundred  and  forty  dollars,  be- 
sides expending  a  large  amount  for  such  extras  as  money  would 
buy.  But  now  my  money  began  to  decrease,  for  every  day  I  was  put 
to  some  expense  without  any  income,  and  under  this  state  of  things 
my  money  was  rapidly  disappearing. 

Among  the  prisoners  in  the  stockade  there  were  about  thirty 
negroes  ;  these  were  taken  out  daily  to  perform  labor  on  the  outside, 
and  were  brought  in  at  night.  With  a  view  to  replenishing  my 
wasted  finances  I  gave  one  of  these  colored  men  forty-five  dollars, 
telling  him  to  buy  with  it  anything  that  could  be  eaten,  and  bring  it 
into  the  prison  with  him,  and  that  I  would  pay  him  for  all  his  trouble. 

36 


3o6  Our   Kiiii/^sack. 

'I'his  he  agreed  to  do.  That  night  when  tlie  colored  s(|uad  was 
brought  in  1  went  to  their  (luarters  and  found  the  man  with  whom  I 
had  intrusted  my  money,  and  made  in(|uiry  of  his  success.  He  re- 
ported that  he  had  i)urchased  several  articles  of  food  with  the 
money,  but  that  the  Confederate  guards  at  the  gate  had  forced  him 
to  give  it  all  to  them.  Here  was  forty-five  dollars  gone  at  one  fell 
swoop,  and  my  spirits  fell  to  a  low  state.  I  waited  several  days,  and 
seeing  no  other  means  of  renewing  my  trade,  1  gave  fifteen  dollars 
to  another  man  of  the  colored  squad,  instructing  him  to  buy  and 
bring  in  something  to  eat.  But  he  came  in  with  a  report  similar  to 
the  first,  bringing  neither  money  nor  food.  Not  caring  to  invest 
further  in  this  line  of  speculation,  I  gave  up  further  effort  and 
wailed  for  something  to  turn  up,  contenting  myself  by  economizing, 
as  well  as  1  could,  the  money  I  had  remaining.  The  adage,  "  mis- 
fortunes come  in  pairs,"  now  verified  itself,  for  following  the  loss  of 
my  money  I  was  attacked  with  scurvy,  a  disease  that  had  already 
carried  to  the  grave  hundreds  of  my  fellow  prisoners.  Very  few  who 
were  victims  of  the  scurvy  ever  recovered,  and  I  naturally  supposed 
I  would  go  with  the  majority.  Our  situation  was  such  that  it  was 
nearly  impossible  to  procure  the  necessary  remedies  for  the  disease ; 
therefore,  when  a  man  was  taken  down  with  the  scurvy  he  usually 
remained  in  his  tent  or  lay  out  in  the  open  air  unattended  till  he 
died.  Captain  Wirtz,  who  had  charge  of  the  prison,  usually  rode 
through  the  stockade  twice  a  day,  but  none  of  the  prisoners  were 
allowed  to  speak  to  him  during  these  visits,  and  we  were  even  denied 
the  right  to  represent  our  grievances  in  a  petition  to  our  friends  or 
our  enemies.  Misery  and  suffering  that  can  not  be  told  was  our 
common  lot,  and  though  it  be  retold  a  thousand  times  there  remains 
that  which  is  too  shocking  to  tell  and  too  inhuman  to  be  believed. 
Death  was  making  rapid  inroads  in  our  ranks  every  day,  for  at  least 
fifty  were  carried  to  the  graveyard  every  day.  It  was  a  common 
sight  to  see  men  lying  in  the  hot  sand,  forsaken  and  alone,  unable  to 
help  themselves,  sweltering  in  the  burning  sun,  and  slowly  but  sure- 
ly dying. 

We  were  forsaken,  even  by  those  who  should  have  been  our 
friends,  for  our  government  at  Washington,  by  the  advice  and  policy 
of  Secretary  Stanton,  refused  to  exchange  us,  or  to  give  an  ecpial 
number  of  rebel  prisoners  for  us  in  return;  for  they  said:  "We  will 
not  give  healthy,  robust  Confederates  in  our  hands,  who  are  fit  for 
the  front,  for  a  like  number  of  half-starved  and  half-dead  men  who 
will  never  be  fit  for  service  ;  it  is  policy  to  let  them  stay  where  they 
are,  even  if  they  should  all  die."  This  might  have  been  "policy," 
but  to  say  the  least,  it  was  very  heartless  policy. 

Crime  of  various  kinds  continued  to  grow  more  and  more  fre([uent; 
indeed  it  became  known  that  an  organized  band  existed  in  the 
prison,  the  known  object  of  which  was  plunder.  This  band  num- 
bered several  hundred,  and  they  were  pledged  to  support  and  pro- 
tect each  other  from  any  punishment  resulting  from  their  misde- 
meanors.     Now  and  then  one  of  the  band  would  be  caught  in  some 


Our  Knapsack.  307 


offense,  and  would  be  punished  by  shaving  one  side  of  his  head; 
sometimes  bucking  was  added  to  this  punishment.  But  it  appeared 
that  the  principals  were  never  caught  in  this  way.  If  they  were  de- 
tected in  their  deeds  they  seemed  to  be  strong  enough  to  defy  punish- 
ment. It  was  the  little,  one-horse  starvling  who  was  caught  and 
made  to  suffer.  The  arrival  of  fresh  prisoners  was  generally  followed 
by  a  series  of  robberies,  for  this  class  of  men  brought  into  the  prison 
more  or  less  money,  and  the  thieves  usually  fell  upon  them  and  ren- 
dered them  penniless,  sometimes  beating  them  besides.  On  one 
occasion  a  newly  arrived  prisoner  shcfwed  desperate  resistance  when 
attacked  by  members  of  the  gang,  and  the  result  was  he  was  very 
dangerously  stabbed  by  the  free-booters. 

This  brutal  act  created  a  feeling  of  indignation  on  the  part  of  the 
order-loving  prisoners.  But  being  weak,  half-starved  and  unorgan- 
ized, and  each  man  being  compelled  to  make  a  desperate  effort  to 
support  life,  he  had  little  thought  of  redressing  the  wrongs  of  others 
so  long  as  he,  himself,  remained  unmolested ;  and  thus  three  hun- 
dred or  four  hundred  desperadoes,  well  organized,  were  able  to  hold 
in  awe  the  other  thousands  who  loved  peace  and  good  order. 

Following  the  stabbing  above  mentioned  it  was  resolved  that 
further  forbearance  would  only  result  in  greater  outrages,  and  there- 
fore a  few  of  us  determined  to  draw  up  and  sign  a  petition  to  Wirtz, 
setting  forth  the  state  of  affairs  of  outlawry  as  they  existed  in  the 
stockade.  We  prevailed  on  a  Confederate  lieutenant  to  bear  our 
petition  to  Captain  Wirtz,  asking  that  immediate  attention  be  given 
the  same.  Next  day  Captain  Wirtz  and  several  other  Confederate 
officers  came  into  the  stockade  and  held  several  conferences  with  the 
prisoners  in  various  parts  of  the  grounds,  making  diligent  inquiry 
into  the  nature  of  the  offenses,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  tried  to  ascer- 
tain the  number  and  names  of  the  offenders.  Such  information  was 
furnished  them  as  fully  satisfied  them  that  the  complaints  in  our  peti- 
tion were  properly  founded.  On  the  following  day  a  Confederate 
captain  and  lieutenant  came  into  the  enclosure  with  a  detachment  of 
soldiers,  armed  and  equipped.  A  police  force  of  near  four  hundred 
of  the  honest  prisoners  was  then  detailed  and  organized.  Then  a 
call  was  made  to  all  who  were  in  any  way  acquainted  with  the  facts 
concerning  the  commission  of  crimes,  to  come  forward  and  make  it 
known. 

Now  that  they  were  to  be  protected,  there  were  plenty  of  witnesses, 
and  no  lack  of  testimony  touching  the  outrages.  These  proceed- 
ings came  upon  the  thieves  unexpectedly,  and  caused  them  great 
consternation.  They  had  not  expected  this  righteous  outburst  of 
long-delayed  retribution,  and  knew  not  what  to  do.  The  worst  of 
them  were  hunted  in  every  part  of  the  prison.  The  robber  element 
had  suddenly  come  to  grief.  More  than  forty  of  the  ring-leaders 
and  principals  were  arrested  and  taken  outside  the  prison  under  a 
strong  guard. 

Here  the  trial  was  held.  Captain  \Virtz  said  to  us  :  "  Now,  you 
can   try   these   men  in   your  own  way,  and  if  they  be  found  guilty  of 


3o8  Our  Knapsack. 

llic  crimes  of  wliich  they  stand  charged,  tlicy   sliall   suffer  just   pun- 
ishment, and  you  shall  be  protected  in  your  decision." 

A  jury  of  twelve  was  then  impaneled  from  among  the  prisoners, 
and  a  judge  having  the  proper  legal  cpialifications  to  decide  the 
jHiints  of  law  which  might  arise,  was  also  chosen.  The  accused 
were  provided  with  good  counsel  and  the  prosecution  was  conducted 
by  legal  taleivt  of  no  ordinary  kind. 

'i'he  trial  then  proceeded,  l)eing  on  the  outside  of  the  ])rison  and 
under  a  strong  Confederate  guard.  It  lasted  nine  days  and  was 
characterized  l)y  great  fairness *and  impartiality.  The  accused  had 
an  array  of  testimony  to  prove  their  innocence,  but  with  every  effort 
that  could  be  brought  forth  in  their  behalf  there  was  much  damag- 
ing testimony  given  against  ihem.  At  the  close  of  the  trial  the  jury 
retired  twenty-four  hours,  and  upon  being  called  for  a  verdict  tiiey 
decided  that  thirty-five  of  the  accused  should  run  the  gauntlet  on 
the  inside  of  the  stockade,  and  that  six  of  the  number,  whom  they 
found  by  the  evidence  to  be  the  principals,  should  be  publicly 
hanged. 

The  punishment  by  running  the  gauntlet  should  take  place 
immediately,  and  those  who  were  to  suffer  in  this  manner  were 
divided  into  two  parties,  and  one  jiarty  was  taken  to  each  of  the  two 
main  entrances  to  the  stockade.  Here  were  ranged  long  lines  of 
prisoners  on  either  side  of  a  space  a  few  feet  in  width  and  extending 
far  into  the  prison  grounds.  As  the  culi)rits  ran  between  these  lines 
they  were  pelted,  kicked  and  otherwise  assaulted  by  such  of  the 
prisoners  as  were  ([uick  enough  to  reach  them.  Many  of  the  offenders 
were  badly  beaten,  and  it  was  reported  that  two  of  them  died  from 
the  effect  of  their  injuries.  Those  who  were  condemed  to  suffer 
death  by  hanging  were  allowed  ten  days  of  preparation  to  meet  their 
fate,  but  they  were  kept  under  a  strong  guard  outside  the  prison  during 
this  time.  Thieves  from  this  time  forward  fared  roughly,  for  the 
prisoners  were  now  \Vell  organized,  having  a  police  force  of  four 
hundred  men,  who  diligently  sought  out  and  arrested  any  prisoner 
reported  guilty  of  crime.  When  it  became  known  that  sure  and 
severe  punishment  would  follow  the  commission  of  a  crime,  the 
offenses  from  which  the  inoffensive  and  helpless  ones  had  suffered, 
grew  very  rare. 

The  scurvy  from  which  I  had  been  suffering  grew  worse,  and  1  was 
now  barely  able  to  walk  about,  l)ut  I  tried  to  keep  my  spirits  up  and 
made  strong  efforts  to  continue  on  my  feet,  for  1  felt  that  if  I  once 
gave  up  I  should  certainly  die.  The  scurvy  affected  us  in  two  differ- 
ent forms  :  in  one  class  of  cases  the  limbs  of  the  patient  would  swell 
and  become  of  a  dark  crimson  color,  and  if  the  swollen  flesh  were 
l)ressed  with  the  finger  the  impress  would  remain  sometime.  In  the 
other  cases  the  flesh  hardened  and  shrank  up,  turning  to  a  dark 
brown  color.  The  sense  of  feeling  was  lost  in  some  cases.  In  the 
last  named  cases  the  flesh  would  feel  like  hard,  dry  wood,  and  the 
joints   would   be  more  or  less  swelled.       In   both   cases  the  gums 


Our  Knapsack.  309 

swelled  and  the  teeth  became  loose.     My  case  was  the  last  described 
kind,  which  was  called  the  bone  scurvy. 

On  the  day  set  apart  for  the  execution  of  the  six  robbers  I  was 
barely  able  to  move  about  with  the  aid  of  a  cane,  but  the  excitement 
of  the  occasion  helped  me  to  gre,ater  activity  than  for  several  days 
previous. 

The  scaffold  on  which  the  execution  was  to  to  take  place  was 
erected  on  the  inside  of  the  prison  and  near  the  southern  gate.  . 
When  the  hour  arrived  I  hobbled  out  to  that  part  of  the  grounds  and 
took  a  position  about  fifteen  yards  from  the  scaffold.  Nearly  twenty- 
five  thousand  prisoners  were  looking  on  in  solemn  silence,  and  the 
scene  was  too  impressive  ever  to  be  forgotten.  The  doomed  men 
were  brought  in  under  a  strong  guard  of  Confederate  soldiers,  and 
were  then  delivered  to  the  prisoners  to  be  executed.  The  guards 
now  retired  to  the  outside,  leaving  the  condemned  men  in  the  hands 
of  the  organized  force  of  prisoners.  Not  a  Confederate  remained  to 
witness  the  execution.  It  was  indeed  a  painfully  solemn  thing  to 
see  these  six  men,  in  the  prime  of  life,  surrounded  by  such  misery 
and  wretchedness,  thus  to  suffer  the  penalty  which  their  dark  deeds 
had  Ifrouglit  upon  them.  They  were  brought  in  with  their  hands  tied 
behind  tliem,  attended  by  two  Catholic  priests,  who  offered  them  the 
consolation  of  their  religion  in  their  last  hours.  When  the  time  came 
and  they  were  commanded  to  mount  the  scaffold,  one  of  them,  a 
large  and  powerful  man,  a  member  of  a  New  York  regiment, 
exclaimed  to  the  others  :  "  I  can  never  stand  this,"  and  with  a  sudden 
and  powerful  effort  burst  the  cords  that  bound  him  and  made  a 
desperate  effort  for  his  life. 

In  a  moment  all  was  confusion  and  excitement.  Only  those  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  scaffold  comprehended  what  was  going  on  ; 
even  where  I  stood  I  could  not  at  first  understand  the  cause  of  the 
consternation.  The  impression  prevailed  with  many  of  the  j^risoners 
that  the  rebels  were  about  to  fire  upon  us  from  their  batteries  situated 
on  the  higher  grounds  commanding  the  prison,  and  which  were  kept 
ready  for  use  in  case  of  an  attempted  outbreak  on  the  part  of  the 
prisoners. 

The  excitement  reached  a  high  pitch ;  two  men  standing  near  me 
jumped  down  a  well  eighteen  feet  deep  to  escape  the  destruction 
which  they  imagined  awaited  us  all ;  but  as  soon  as  we  ascertained 
that  the  confusion  arose  from  the  effort  of  one  man  to  escape,  quiet 
was  somewhat  restored.  This  man,  whose  name  was  Curtis,  parted 
the  crowd  in  front  of  him,  flinging  the  men  right  and  left  in  his  mad- 
ness and  desperation.  He  was  followed  by  the  organized  police  and 
a  large  crowd  of  the  prisoners  besides.  He  ran  to  the  eastern  part 
of  the  stockade,  and  in  attempting  to  cross  the  creek  he  sank  up  to 
his  waist  in  the  filthy  offal.  He  was  now  captured  and  brought  l)ack. 
He  must  have  known  the  impo.ssibility  of  escaping  under  such 
circumstances,  and  it  is  a  wonder  tliat  any  man  of  ordinary  judgment 
would  have  attempted  such  a  thing. 


310  Ou)    Knapsack. 

Soon  after  he  was  broiiiilit  hack  tlic  six  were  marched  to  their 
places  on  the  fatal  platform  from  which  they  were  to  be  launched 
into  eternity.  They  were  still  attended  by  the  priests  who  continued 
to  counsel  with  and  pray  for  them.  ' 

1  remember  well  the  remark  made  by  Curtis  just  before  the  droji 
fell.  He  said,  "  It  was  my  old  grandmother  who  said  I  would  die 
witli  my  boots  on,  and  1  guess  it  is  coming  to  pass."  Finally,  when 
all  was  ready,  the  priests  retired  from  the  scaffold,  and  meal  sacks 
were  drawn  over  the  heads  of  the  condemned  men,  as  black  caps  are 
on  such  occasions  under  other  circumstances.  'I'he  trap  sprung  and 
five  of  the  six  were  soon  lifeless.  The  sixth  man  in  his  fall  broke 
the  rope  and  fell  to  the  ground.  He  begged  ])iteously  for  his  life, 
telling  his  executioners  that  the  breaking  of  the  rope  was  jjroof  of  his 
innocence.  Hut  his  begging  was  all  in  vain  and  availed  nothing;  he 
was  again  made  to  mount  the  scaffold  and  in  brief  time  was  sent 
to  bear  his  guilty  companions  company.  Their  bodies  were  taken 
down  inside  of  an  hour  and  received  proper  burial. 

This  execution  took  place  July  1 1,  1864.  The  men  executed  were 
John  Sarsfield,  144th  N.  Y.  Infantry,  Wm.  Collins,  88th  Pa.  Infantry, 
Pat  Delaney,  83d  Pa.  Vols.,  Chas.  Curtis,  5th  R.  I.  Vols.,  A.'Mun, 
U.  S.  Navy,  W.  R.  Rickson,  U.  S.  Navy. 

This  execution  had  its  desired  effect ;  it  not  only  disposed  of  the 
principal  criminals  who  had  terrorized  the  prison,  but  it  restrained 
others  from  the  commission  of  crime.  From  this  time  forward  there 
was  little  theft  or  outlawry  compared  with  the  times  preceding  this 
execution.  Captain  Wirtz  should  have  credit  for  the  part  he  took  in 
bringing  about  this  reform. 

My  health  grew  worse  from  day  to  day,  the  scurvy  gaining  con- 
tinually and  my  vitality  and  strength  weakening '  proportionately. 
New  prisoners  had  ceased  to  be  brought  in,  and  a  general  impres- 
sion prevailed  that  we  were  soon  to  he  moved  away.  Money  had 
become  very  scarce  with  all  the  men.  My  funds  had  dwindled  from 
day  to  day,  and  the  future  looked  darker  than  at  any  time  since 
coming  here.  It  is  worthy  of  particular  mention,  that  of  all  the 
religious  , creeds  of  the  land,  the  Catholics  were  the  only  ones  who 
visited  us  in  our  misery  or  seemed  touched  at  our  condition.  The 
priests  of  this  church  came  into  our  prison  every  day,  rain  or  shine, 
and  ministered  as  best  they  could  to  the  wants  of  the  most  destitute, 
but  where  there  where  so  many  in  need  it  was  next  to  impossible  to 
do  much.  The  worst  cases  were  helped  to  a  few  delicacies  and 
comforted  in  various  ways. 

The  Masons  of  Albany,  a  place  fifty  miles  south  of  Andersonville, 
brought  much  relief  to  those  of  their  order  among  us.  Many  a 
member  of  that  mystic  tie  was  helped  to  a  clean  shirt,  a  i)air  of  shoes 
or  something  to  eat  by  the  Masonic  brethren. 

About  the  first  of  September,  1864,  the  Confederates  began  moving 
some  of  our  number  away;  everybody  was  anxious  to  go  first,  for  we 
had  seen  and  suffered  so  much  here  that  it  seemed  to  us  that  any 
place  on    earth  besides  this  would  be  better.     I  was  too  sick  at  this 


Our  Knapsack.  311 

time  to  care  for  myself,  and  was  therefore  a  burden  to  my  compan- 
ions, several  of  whom  made  many  sacrifices  for  my  comfort  and  relief. 
The  fact  that  my  money  was  nearly  all  gone  added  to  my  misery, 
for  even  in  prison  money  is  not  to  be  despised.  I  suffered  much  pain 
in  my  limbs  at  night,  and  as  a  consequence  I  slept  but  little.  I  was 
continually  tormented  by  a  thousand  doubts  and  uncertainties  which 
kept  me  in  a  constant  state  of  restlessnessDfrom  which  I  had  no 
relief.  It  was  estimated  that  during  the  months  of  July  and  August 
the  deaths  averaged  one  hundred  and  fifty  daily.  Our  numbers 
•were  being  reduced  daily,  both  by  deaths  and  removals,  so  that  this 
was  some  relief,  even  to  those  who  remained,  for  it  gave  us  more 
room  and  better  and  purer  air  to  breathe.  About  the  loth  of  Sep- 
tember the  prisoners  constituting  our  division  were  called  on  to  leave. 
This  occasioned  much  shouting  and  other  demonstrations  of  joy,  but 
being  entirely  unable  to  move  from  my  tent,  it  brought  grief  to  me 
instead  of  joy,  for,  knowing  that  my  companions  would  have  to  go, 
I  realized  that  I  would  be  left  unattended  and  would  surely  suffer 
for  care  which  none  would  be  willing  and  few  able  to  give.  It  was 
of  no  use  to  depend  on  strangers  for  care  unless  I  could  pay  them, 
and  I  lacked  the  money  to  do  that,  having  now  only  sixty-five  cents 
in  postal  currency.  My  fortunate  comrades,  before  leaving  me, 
brought  me  a  quantity  of  fresh  water  and  arranged  my  blankets  on 
sticks  in  such  a  manner  as  to  protect  me  from  the  sun.  Having  done 
all  in  their  power  to  leave  me  comfortable,  they  bade  me  an  affection- 
ate farewell,  and  I  could  see  by  their  manner  that  they  expected  I 
would  not  recover,  and  that  a  few  days  at  most  would  end  all  with 
me.  Following  their  departure  I  felt  very  lonely  and  my  spirits 
were  much  depressed.  I  now  had  no  helping  hands  to  minister  to 
me,  for,  though  I  was  surrounded  by  the  multitude,  I  was  almost  as 
much  alone  as  if  I  had  been  on  the  desert  of  Sahara.  I  had  seen 
hundreds  lying  alone  and  slowly  dying,  friendless  and  uncared  for; 
and  I  now  felt  that  I  was  surely  in  the  same  desolate  condition. 
That  evening  I  prevailed  on  a  prisoner  to  bring  me  some  fresh  water, 
and  as  darkness  came  on  I  pulled  my  blanket  from  the  stick  and 
wrapping  it  about  me  as  best  I  could  and  tried  to  sleep,  but  being 
full  of  pain  and  direful  apprehensions,  I  slept  but  little.  I  had  no 
appetite,  and  what  rations  I  drew  were  nauseating  to  my  taste,  and 
the  sight  of  them  was  unpleasant  in  the  extreme.  I  grew  careless 
concerning  my  rations,  and  cared  little  whether  I  received  my  scanty 
portion  or  not. 

The  next  morning  after  my  comrades  left  me,  as  the  sun  rose  and 
its  rays  began  to  scorch  me,  I  tried  several  times  to  get  some  passing 
prisoners  to  fix  up  my  blanket  in  the  form  of  a  shelter  as  on  the  pre- 
vious day,  but  all  were  too  busy  or  too  heartless  to  give  any  atten- 
tion to  a  dying  man.  1  at  length  prevailed  on  one  man  to  bring  me 
some  fresh  water  and  fix  up  my  tent  by  giving  him  my  'rations  for 
the  day.  During  the  day  I  was  visited  by  a  Catholic  priest  who 
gave  me  half  a  lemon,  which  greatly  refreshed  me  for  a  short  time. 
I  now  thought  my  days  were  numbered,  and  concluded  that  1  could 
t 


3 1  2  Oui    Knapsack. 

live  hill  a  few  days  al  farthest,  but  the  outkiok,  gloomy  as  it  was,  had 
some  relief  in  it,  for  I  felt  that  death  would  he  preferable  to  such  a 
life  as  I  had  been  living  for  weeks  in  the  past.  The  day  wore  away 
and  night — a  dreadful  night,  came  on.  A  terrible  storm  of  rain, 
thunder  and  wind  raged  for  hours,  and  being  compelled  to  lie  on  the 
wet  ground,  unprotected,  I  was  thoroughly  drenched  and  slept  but 
little,  and  that  little  was  full  of  frightful  dreams  and  brought  me 
little  rest.  I  wished  I  might  fall  asleep  and  never  waken.  ^Iorning 
came  at  last  and  the  burning  sun  drove  his  scorching  heat  int(j  my 
weak  and  emaciated  flesh.  I  became  delirious  as  the  day  advanced 
and  continued  so  till  toward  evening,  and  when  I  recovered  con- 
sciousness I  found  that  I  had  been  carried  during  the  day  to  the 
northern  part  of  the  stockade  and  placed  in  a  long  shed,  which  had 
recently  been  erected  for  the  reception  of  the  worst  cases.  The 
Catholic  j)riest  had  visited  me  and  given  me  some  lemon  juice  and 
wine.  The  sick  and  dying  lay  about  me  in  great  numbers;  many 
were  on  the  outer  side  of  the  shed,  waiting  to  take  the  places  of  those 
who  were  being  carried  to  the  dead-house  from  within.  I  well  re- 
member my  feelings,  when,  on  regaining  consciousness,  I  looked 
round  me  and  beheld  the  terrible  scene  by  which  I  was  surrounded. 
I  determined  to  make  a  desperate  effort  to  live  and  therefore  set  my 
will  in  an  attitude  of  defiance  toward  the  grim  monster.  Ne.xt  to  me  on 
my  right  lay  a  tall  and  large  framed  man,  having  on  a  red  shirt.  This 
man  was  delirious  and  was  talking  wildly  and  without  meaning.  I  re- 
member how  I  shuddered  when  I  beheld  the  vast  number  of  lice 
with  which  his  body  was  covered;  it  ajjpeared  to  me  that  there  were 
thousands  of  them  of  all  sizes,  from  the  huge  old  plump  ones  down 
to  the  tiny  midget  of  an  hour  old.  The  poor  man  soon  surrendered 
and  the  battle  of  life  was  at  an  end,  for  on  the  next  morning  I  found 
him  stiff  and  silent.  I  had  slept  but  little  during  the  night,  for  the 
continued  moaning  of  the  sick  made  sleep  ne.xt  to  impossii^le.  \Vith 
the  return  of  light  came  renewed  hopes  and  a  still  greater  desire  to 
live.  I  was  now  furnished  with  some  corn  meal  and  beans,  but  be- 
ing hel[)less  it  was  not  possible  for  me  to  cook  them,  and  besides  I 
had  no  appetite,  notwithstanding  I  had  eaten  nothing  for  several 
days.  But  I  was  convinced  that  I  must  eat  something  to  sustain 
life,  for  I  must  soon  die  of  starvation  unless  I  did.  So  I  gave  my 
meal  and  beans  to  a  well  prisoner  to  cook  on  the  halves,  and  when 
it  was  cooked  I  ate  a  part  of  it,  which  was  very  little.  Yet  I  still 
believe  that  in  thus  forcing  myself  to  eat  what  I  could,  proved  to  be 
the  means  by  which  the  brittle  thread  of  life  was  saved  from  break- 
ing. I  desired  to  be  taken  out  of  the  prison  and  placed  in  the  hos- 
pital on  the  outside.  I  spent  the  day  in  planning  to  this  end,  for  it 
was  my  only  hope  of  life.  Numbers  of  the  sick  were  being  taken  to 
the  hospital  each  day  for  treatment,  and  it  appeared  to  me  that  if  I 
could  only  get  out  of  the  stockade  and  into  the  hospital  I  should 
recover.  The  next  morning  I  told  the  prisoner  who  had  cooked  and 
shared  my  rations  on  the  previous  day,  that  if  he  would  carry  me 
down  to  the  gate,  where  the  negroes  came  with  wagons  daily  for  the 

f 


Our  Knapsack.  ^i^Z 


sick,  that  he  might  have  all  iny  rations  for  that  day.  This  he 
promised  to  do  if  he  could  get  his  partner  to  assist  him,  He  then 
went  in  search  of  his  partner;  presently  they  both  came  and  carried 
me  to  the  gate.  At  the  gate  were  a  great  many  sick,  all  waiting  for 
their  turn  to  be  taken  to  the  hospital.  The  two  men  who  carried  me 
to  the  gate  laid  me  in  the  shade  of  a  canvas  tent  occupied  by  some 
of  the  under-officials  of  the  prison.  They  then  went  their  way. 
When  the  wagons  came  I  yelled  with  all  my  strength  and  asked  to 
be  loaded  in  ;  but  no  one  paid  attention  to  me.  So  the  wagons  were 
driven  away  with  their  load,  leaving  me  and  others  behind.  I  learned 
that  in  two  hours  the  wagons  would  return  for  another  load,  so  I 
comforted  myself  \\tith  the  hope  that  I  might  yet  get  to  go. 

When  the  wagons  again  returned  I  begged  to  be  put  into  one  of 
them,  but  the  result  was  the  same  as  before,  and  again  the  wagons 
were  driven  away,  leaving  me  dejected  and  almost  hopeless,  for,  let 
me  try  ever  so  hard,  some  one  was  always  ready  to  step  in  and  take 
my  place.  I  was  told  that  my  wagons  would  return  for  one  more 
load  that  day,  and  I  again  began  planning  to  try  and  make  the  trip. 
I  had  a  ring  of  rare  value,  one  I  had  taken  from  home  when  I  en- 
listed, and  for  various  reasons  I  prized  it  very  dearly,  and  I  had 
always  intended  to  keep  it  in  remembrance  of  its  donor.  But  now  I 
was  on  the  verge  of  death,  as  I  thought,  and  I  felt  justified  in  sacri- 
ficing the  ring  for  my  own  benefit.  I  therefore  bargained  with  an 
Irishman,  promising  him  the  ring  if  he  would  put  me  in  one  of  the 
wagons  when  they  came. 

It  was  near  sun-down  when  the  wagons  came  for  their  last  load, 
and  faithful  to  his  agreement  the  Irishman  picked  me  up  and  put 
me  in  one  of  the  wagons,  and  we  were  driven  away.  Many  were 
left  behind,  who,  like  myself,  were  desirous  of  getting  to  the  hospital, 
but  as  there  were  accommodations  for  only  so  many,  some  must  be 
left  for  another  day,  when  as  many  could  be  taken  from  the  stockade 
as  would  fill  the  places  of  those  who  had  died  on  the  previous  day. 
It  was  not  every  day  that  the  wagons  came  for  the  sick,  but  only  at 
times  when  the  deaths  in  the  hospital  made  it  possible  to  accommo- 
date more  ;  so  if  we  missed  getting  out  on  the  day  the  sick  were 
hauled  out  we  must  wait  until  another  favorable  day.  This  might 
be  the  next  day,  or  it  might  be  several  days.  In  this  interval  many 
would  die.  The  hospital  was  located  about  a  mile  from  the  stock- 
ade, and  we  reached  it  between  sundown  and  dark.  We  were  un- 
loaded and  a  list  of  our  names,  regiments  and  companies  taken.  We 
were  then  put  on  wheelbarrows  and  wheeled  to  places  to  which  we 
had  been  assigned.  I  was  taken  to  a  small  wedge  tent,  suitable  for 
the  accommodation  of  three  persons  ;  it  was  already  occupied  by 
one  man,  and  he  was  sick  nigh  unto  death. 

We  were  furnished  with  no  special  comforts  ;  there  were  no  beds 
nor  mattresses  given  us — nothing  but  the  bare,  sandy  soil.  Blankets 
were  furnished  to  such  prisoners  as  had  none. 

The  hospital  grounds  contained  six  acres,  and  was  enclosed  by  a 
close  board  fence  eight  feet  high.     A  line  of  sentries  was  stationed 

37 


^M  Our  Knapsack. 

on  three  sides  of  the  enclosure  on  the  outside  of  the  fence;  on  the 
south  side  the  guards  were  on  tlie  inside.  This  was  on  account  of 
the  swampy  condition  of  the  hind  on  this  side.  The  grounds  were 
carefully  laid  off,  divided  by  streets  and  wards.  The  wards  numbered 
from  one  to  twenty.  A  force  of  well  ])risoners  were  assigned  to  duty 
in  this  hospital,  and  they  were  required  to  keep  the  streets  carefully 
swept  and  the  whole  grounds  clear  of  offal.  The  tents  used  were  of 
two  kinds — the  small  wedge-shaped  tent,  large  enough  for  three  per- 
sons, and  the  wall  tent,  which  was  large  enough  for  twelve.  The 
grounds  were  well  shaded  by  trees,  and  altogether,  the  hospital  was 
a  place  of  comfort  and  beauty  compared  to  the  stockade.  Kach  ward 
had  its  ward-master  and  attendants  to  wait  on  tlK'  sick,  but  about  all 
these  did  was  to  bring  our  rations  to  us. 

Only  one  of  many  of  our  worst  cases  of  sick  recovered.  The  poor 
fellow  who  was  in  my  tent  when  I  first  arrived  soon  died  ;  others 
were  brought  in  from  time  to  time  and  died,  until  nine  had  died  by 
my  side. 

During  all  this  time  1  could  not  perceive  that  I  was  improving  at 
all,  nor  did  1  seem  to  get  worse  ;  I  bravely  held  my  own  from  one 
day  to  another. 

One  or  two  days  I  was  the  only  occupant  of  the  tent ;  all  my  fel- 
low sufferers  died  within  a  few  days  after  being  brought  in  from  the 
stockade.  Let  it  be  remembered  that  though  nine  died  in  my  tent, 
there  was  never  more  than  three  occupants  at  a  time — myself  and 
two  others.  This  statement  is  difticult  to  believe,  yet  it  is  literally 
true.  Of  these  cases  one  or  two  should  have  particular  mention. 
One  was  that  of  a  large  and  well  framed  man  who  was  brought  in 
late  one  evening.  It  had  been  raining  hard  and  he  was  very  wet. 
He  was  laid  beside  me,  and,  offered  some  food,  which  he  refused, 
saying  he  did  not  feel  like  eating  that  evening  and  that  he  would 
save  his  rations  till  ne.xt  morning.  This  man  and  myself  were  the 
only  occupants  of  the  tent  that  night.  In  the  after  part  of  the  night 
he  became  very  restless,  and  annoyed  me  exceedingly  by  his  rolling 
about,  and  by  throwing  himself  against  me  so  as  to  keep  me  from 
sleep.  I  became  somewhat  petulent  and  insisted  upon  his  keeping 
his  own  side  of  the  bed,  and  to  cease  from  annoying  me  as  he  had 
been  doing.  To  this  he  gave  no  heed,  so  getting  hold  of  an  old 
crutch  which  hai)pened  to  be  in  the  tent,  I  placed  it  next  to  and 
under  him  so  that  it  served  as  a  prop  to  keep  him  on  his  part  of  the 
tent.  After  a  time  he  became  perfectly  quiet  and  I  supposed  he  had 
fallen  asleep,  and  I  was  soon  in  dreamland  myself.  Upon  awaken- 
ing next  morning  I  found  that  his  was  the  sleei)  of  death,  and  that 
his  tossings  which  had  annoyed  me  were  the  final  struggles  of  the 
conflict  between  life  and  death. 

Another  case  was  that  of  a  man  who  had  been  in  the  tent  for  a 
number  of  days,  and  who  did  not  appear  to  be  much  sick,  so  far  as  I 
could  judge.  He  was  al)le  to  get  about  much  better  than  I  could, 
and  had  succeeded  in  crawling  out  of  the  tent  to  an  oak  tree  which 
stood  near.     He  took  ofi"  his  shirt  and  proceeded  to  hunt  the  lice  off 


Ow  Knapsack.  315 

of  it,  a  task  of  no  small  magnitude.  He  then  began  talking  of 
his  home  and  family,  saying  that  if  he  could  know  that  they  were  all 
comfortable  and  well  provided  for  he  could  feel  reconciled  to  his 
hard  fate. 

He  continued  to  talk  of  his  wife  and  children  until  I  finally  told 
him  he  was  foolish  to  thus  worry  himself  so  about  his  family,  and 
that  their  worst,  possible  condition  could  hardly  be  a  tenth  as  bad  as 
his  own,  and  that  his  best  and  wisest  course  would  be  to  attend  to 
his  own  wants  as  best  lT,e  could,  and  that  doubtless  his  family  were 
being  properly  cared  for  by  friends  at  home.  The  poor  man  paid 
very  little  attention  to  my  advice,  but  continued  to  worry  and  fret  as 
before,  until  of  a  sudden,  and  apparently  without  a  pain  or  struggle, 
he  expired.  It  was  a  great  surprise  to  me  ;  I  had  no  idea  that  death 
was  so  near.  I  saw  many — very  many  die  in  a  similar  manner.  It 
seemed  that  men  died  without  realizing  the  approach  of  the  grim 
monster,  and  also  appeared  that  long  continued  suffering  in  mind 
and  body  had  made  them  callous  to  pain,  and  that  when  the  final 
moment  came  they  ceased  to  live,  much  as  a  lighted  candle  is  ex- 
tinguished by  a  gust  of  wind.  Hope  had  fed  the  flickering  flame  from 
day  to  day,  and  more  dead  than  alive,  they  moved  about,  vainly 
chasing  a  phantom  of  release  or  exchange,  a  hope  which  lured  from 
afar  yet  fled  as  they  followed ;  finally,  when  hope  no  longer  cheered 
and  when  despair  took  the  ascendency,  the  victim  surrendered  and 
the  wearied  spirit  forsook  its  prison-house  of  suffering  and  launched 
into  the  unknown  sea  of  eternity. 

Our  daily  rations  in  the  hospital  were  a  biscuit,  a  half  pint  of  boiled 
rice  and  a  bit  of  beef;  and  small  and  insufficient  as  this  was,  it  was 
vastly  better  than  we  had  been  accustomed  to  receive  in  the  stockade. 
For  a  time  after  first  entering  the  hospital  I  could  hardly  eat  all  my 
rations ;  but  I  forced  myself  to  eat  all  they  gave  me,  believing  it 
really  necessary  to  sustain  life.  After  the  nine  deaths  had  occurred 
in  my  tent,  of  which  previous  mention  has  been  made,  two  patients 
were  brought  in  from  the  stockade  and  assigned  to  my  tent.  These, 
contrary  to  the  rule,  did  not  die,  but  began  to  improve,  and  this  was 
an  encouragement  to  me.  I  had  seen  so  many  die  that  I  had  come 
to  look  on  death  as  a  certain  result  of  being  assigned  to  my  tent. 

Seeing  these  companions  improving  day  after  day  I  seemed  to 
take  on  new  life  and  at  once  began  to  improve,  also,  and  it  was  but 
a  few  days  till  we  three  were  rapidly  convalescing.  My  companions 
were  both  Dutchmen ;  their  names  were  Edwards  and  Schrader. 
The  former  was  a  member  of  a  Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  his  home 
was  at  the  town  of  Broadtop,  Pa.  Schrader  was  a  native  of  Germany 
and  a  member  of  an  Illinois  regiment. 

The  two  men  differed  widely  in  their  habits,  characters  and  dis- 
positions. Edwards  was  almost  continually  talking  of  his  home, 
father,  mother  and  two  sisters  ;  Schrader  had  little  or  nothing  to  say 
of  his  home  or  relatives.  Edwards  seldom  washed  his  face  or 
combed  his  hair,  and  I  have  known  him  to  go  for  weeks  with  his  face 
dirty  and  his  hair  matted.      Schrader  was  tasty  and  careful  in  his 


31 6  Our  Knapsack. 

personal    habits,    but    was  selfish    and  disagreeable.      Edwards    was 
tender-hearted  and    liberal  ;  with    all    his   slovenly    i)ersonal    habits 
he  was  much  the  better  man  of  the  two,  but  he  had  one  weakness, 
that,    under   the    circumstances,    was    a    great    disadvantage.       He 
was  a  great   glutton  ;    it   appeared  that  he  had  the  ca))acity  of  half 
a  dozen  men — for  stowing  away  supplies — nothing  eatable  ever  went 
to  waste  where  he  was,  and   he  never  learned  division  as  applied  to 
anything   fit   to   eat.      His  ajipetite  may  have  been  capable  of  being 
satisfied,  but  1  do  not  remember  that  it  eviy  was.     We  were  all  good 
eaters   now,  and   could   have   eaten  much   more   than  we  received. 
We  were  all  improving  and  I  began  to  hobble  about  on  a  crutch,  and 
the  idea  of  dying  in  a  rebel  prison  and  of  being  buried  in  the  sand  of 
Cieorgia,  began  to  lose  its  grip  on  me.     Our  chief  trouble  was  now, 
as  it  had  been,  to  get  enough  to  eat.     Edwards  was  an  expert  beggar 
and  was  continually  on  the  lookout  for  something  to  supply  the  mess 
with  more  than  our  drawn  rations ;   hardly  a  day  passed  that  he  did 
not  beg  from  the  attendants  at  the  cook  house,  something  to  eat,  and 
after  filling  himself  I  came  in  for  the    remainder.      Schrader  was 
crabbed  and  surly  ;    he  seldom  had  anything  to  do  with  Edwards  or 
me,  except  that  he  slept  in  the  same  tent  with   us.      Edwards  and   1 
fre(piently  messed  together;  Schrader  ate  alone.     Each  morning  the 
bodies  of  those  who  had  died  during  the  previous  night  were  deposited 
in  the  street,  preparatory  to  burial.     From  here  they  were  wheeled 
to  the  dead-house  and  from  thence  they  were  taken  in  wagons  to  the 
l)lace  of  burial.     The  dead  averaged  about  thirty  each  morning.     My 
condition  improved  from  day  to  day  so  that  1  was  able,  by  the  aid  of 
a  crutch,  to  move  about  the  hospital  grounds.     1  managed  by  a  little 
trading,  to  pick  up  something  extra  to  eat.     There  were  hundreds  of 
sick  and  suffering  fellows  lying  in  their  tents  unable  to  help  them- 
selves, but  who  would  get  me  to  buy  peanuts,  yams  and  the  like  for 
them.     I   would  take  their  money  or  other  articles  of  value  which 
they  desired  to  exchange,  and,  when  opportunity  offered,  would  sell 
them  to  the  guards  or  exchange  them  for  food,  and  would  be  allowed 
a  trifling  commission  for  my  trouble.     Notwithstanding  the  existence 
of  an  order  against  trading  with  our  guards,  we  found  many  adroit 
ways  and  means  of  steering  round  the  difficulties,  and  that  necessity, 
which  is  said  to  be  the  mother  of  invention,  was  found  to  be  the 
parent  of  many  a  shrewd  scheme  which  brought  relief  to  our  urgent 
needs.     During  the  early  period  of  our  imprisonment  at  Andersonville, 
there  was  a  considerable  amount  of  greenbacks  among  the  prisoners  ; 
but  now  this  money  had  disappeared  almost  entirely.     Some  of  the 
men   had  small  sums  of  postal  currency.     Confederate  mo,ney  was 
plenty   enough   but   it  took  a  hundred  dollars  to  buy  a  beef-head. 
Having  little  or  no  money  to  exchange  with  the  guards  for  what  we 
needed,  we  bartered  articles  of  clothing,  rings,  trinckets,  jjocket-knives, 
&:c.,  receiving  beef-heads,  pieces  of  beef,  peanuts  and  yams.     Our 
plans  and  bargains  were  made  with  the  guards  during  the  day,  but 
the  exchange  of  commodities  had  to  be  done  at  night,  and  with  the 
utmost  caution,  to  avoid  being  seen  by  the  officers. 


Our  Knapsack.  317 


I  had  so  far  improved  in  my  general  health  that  I  was  on  my  feet 
and  moving  about  during  the  entire  day  planning  with  the  guards 
for  such  articles  of  food  as  could  be  smuggled  through  their  hands 
and  into  ours  during  their  hours  of  duty  at  night.  In  thus  moving 
about  I  not  only  gained  strength  but  my  spirits  improved,  and  I  was 
also  able  to  provide  myself  with  about  all  I  needed  to  eat. 

In  one  of  my  night  trades  with  the  guard,  I  came  very  nearly 
losing  my  life.  I  had  procured  from  a  sick  prisoner  a  nice  gutta- 
percha pocket  comb  which  opened  and  closed  like  a  knife  ;  this  I 
offered  to  trade  to  a  guard  for  peanuts.  He  prevailed  on  me,  much 
against  my  better  judgment,  to  allow  him  to  take  the  comb  to  camp 
to  show  it  to  his  lieutenant,  promising  faithfully  to  bring  the  pay  for 
it  that  night  at  eleven  o'clock  when  he  again  came  on  duty.  When 
the  hour  arrived  and  the  relief  to  which  the  guard  i)roi)erly  belonged 
had  been  placed  on  their  posts,  I  went  down  to  that  beat  of  the 
guard  line  where  I  expected  to  find  the  man  who  had  taken  the  comb. 
1  approached  the  sentry  and  when  within  a  few  yards  of  him  I  spoke 
to  him  and  inquired  about  our  trade  of  the  comb  and  peanuts. 
Instead  of  receiving  a  courteous  answer,  the  guard  said  to  me  gruffly, 
"  Now,  you  get  away  from  here  or  I  will  put  a  ball  through  you,"  and 
as  he  ceased  speaking  he  fired  his  piece  at  me  with  the  evident 
purpose  of  furnishing  the  subject  for  a  funeral  on  the  following  day. 
Though  he  failed  in  his  plan  I  had  no  reason  to  censure  him  for  his 
lack  of  skill  as  a  marksman,  and  taking  his  advice  I  retired  to  my 
tent  to  ponder  on  the  inhumanity  of  man  to  man  and  of  the  rascality 
of  the  rebel  who  had  taken  my  comb  with  fraudulent  intent,  and  who 
by  trading  off  with  another  guard  had  not  only  cheated  me  out  of  my 
comb  but  had  caused  me  to  imperil  my  life,  which  in  my  improved 
stale  of  health  was  becoming  more  and  more  valuable.  The  lesson  was 
a  useful  one  to  me,  for  thereafter  I  planned  so  that  no  article  passed 
out  of  my  hands  for  inspection  by  a  third  party. 

Shortly  after  this  an  affair  occured  which  more  than  set  me  even 
with  my  dishonest  patrogs.  One  of  the  guards  wished  to  buy  a  pair 
of  shoes,  an  article  of  which  many  of  the  soldiers  of  the  C.  S.  A. 
stood  much  in  need.  He  wanted  a  pair  of  pants  also,  and  I  promised 
to  procure  them  for  him,  though  at  the  time  I  did  not  know  certainly 
that  I  could  get  them. 

He  promised  to  give  a  shoulder  of  meat  and  five  large  yams  for 
the  shoes  and  pants,  and  the  trade  was  to  be  consummated  that  night 
at  eleven  o'clock,  when  he  again  came  on  guard  at  that  post  I 
hunted  about  during  the  afternoon  among  the  sick,  endeavoring  to 
find  the  shoes,  and  only  partly  succeeded.  I  found  two  good  shoes, 
both  for  the  left  foot,  one  a  No.  8  and  the  other  No.  10.  Y.\cw  this 
assortment  of  stock  caused  me  much  effort,  for  I  had  to  look  through 
the  camp  before  I  found  any  one  willing  to  sell,  for  those  who  had 
good  shoes  and  mates  needed  them  too  badly  to  part  with  them  at  any 
price  which  I  could  pay  I  put  the  shoes  in  as  merchantable  a  shape 
as  1  could,  and  felt  that  with  a  reasonably  dark  night  to  aid  in  the 
trade  I  might  hope  to  succeed  in  convincing"  Johnnie"  tlial  "shoes 


3i«S  Our  Knapsack. 

would  be  shoes"  before  the  war  was  over.  I  found  a  pair  of  pants  more 
readily  than  the  shoes,  and  though  they  were  not  strictly  No.  I  in 
(|uality,  they  were  good  enough  to  trade  on  by  a  little  brushing  up. 
When  the  hour  arrived  1  repaired  to  the  vicinity  of  the  post  we  had 
agreed  upon.  At  this  place  in  the  guard  line  the  sentinels  were 
stationed  on  the  op|)osite  side  of  a  plank  fence  about  eight  feet  high. 
The  niglU  was  somewhat  dark  and  on  that  account  more  favorable 
for  carrying  out  our  inir|)ose.  We  carried  on  a  whisi)ered  conversa- 
tion by  means  of  a  knot  hole  in  a  plank  of  the  fence.  There  was  a 
mutual  suspicion  and  a  mutual  lack  of  confidence  on  each  side*  of 
the  fence;  the  guard  insisted  that  1  should  jnit  the  pants  and  shoes 
over  the  fence  to  him  first ;  while  I  as  stoutly  insisted  on  his  putting 
the  meat  and  yams  over  to  me  first.  1  finally  suggested  to  him  that 
we  put  our  articles  over,  one  to  the  other,  at  the  same  time.  This  he 
declined  to  do  saying  that  he  feared  the  articles  were  not  as  repre- 
sented. We  would  talk  and  parley  awhile  and  then  the  guard  would 
|)ace  his  beat,  keeping  up  a  show  of  duty,  then  he  would  return  to 
the  knot  hole  and  the  wrangle  about  the  trade  would  be  resumed. 
Suddenly,  while  we  were  hotly  engaged  in  our  bantering  and  badger- 
ing, the  "  grand  rounds  "  for  the  night,  accompanied  by  the  officers 
of  the  guard  came  upon  us.  The  guard,  to  escape  detection,  had 
but  one  thing  to  do.  He  threw  the  meat  and  yams  over  the  fence  to 
me  and  resumed  his  walk  to  halt  the  "  grand  rounds  "  party  as  he  was 
recpiired  to  do.  I  did  not  feel  that  I  had  any  further  business  at 
that  knot  hole,  but  seizing  the  coveted  prize  1  hied  to  my  tent,  not 
forgetting  to  take  with  me  the  shoes  and  pants,  and  congratulating 
myself  on  the  success  of  my  night's  work. 

1  found  Edwards  at  our  tent  patiently  awaiting  my  return,  and  in 
a  good  condition  of  appetite,  as  usual,  to  enjoy  a  feast.  So  we 
gathered  together  some  splinters  and  proceeded  to  build  a  small  fire, 
by  means  of  which  we  soon  fried  a  portion  of  the  meat.  The  fire 
was  insufficient  to  cook  it  thoroughly,  and  we  were  at  last  compelled 
to  eat  it  in  a  half  cooked  condition,  a  circuyistance  which  enabled  us 
to  bear  valuable  testimony  on  the  superiority  of  rare  pork  over  that 
which  is  well  fried.  We  gorged  ourselves  comi)letely  and  then  slept 
peacefully,  undisturbed  by  either  stomach  or  conscience. 

Whenever  I  had  success  in  my  undertakings,  as  in  the  above 
mentioned  case,  I  generally  sought  out  my  two  comrades  and  shared 
with  them  the  good  results,  though  Shrader  was  so  surly  and  selfish 
that  he  never  deserved  it,  and  Edwards  very  rarely  succeeded  in 
bringing  in  anything  in  this  way,  though  once  in  a  great  while  he 
made  a  good  haul.  Though  Edwards  seemed  to  have  no  faculty  for 
trading,  he  one  day  made  a  raise  in  the  line  of  substance  which 
deserves  mention. 

1  was  sitting  in  my  tent  one  day  engaged  in  putting  a  half-sole  on 
the  seat  of  my  pants,  when  Edwards  came  in  with  a  well  filled  haver- 
suck  under  his  arm,  and  looking  as  sneaking  and  guilty  as  though  he 
had  been  caught  robbing  a  savings  bank. 

1  inijuired  the  cause  of  his  singular  conduct,  but   he  said  nothing 


Our  Knapsack.  319 


very  particular  had  occurred,  and  then  he  hid  the  haversack  and  its 
contents  under  his  blanket.  I  knew  something  was  wrong,  and  after 
pressing  him  for  an  explanation  he  told  me  that  the  haversack  con- 
tained a  beef  liver,  that  he  had  got  it  of  one  of  the  guards  whose 
post  of  duty  was  on  the  south  side  of  the  hospital  grounds,  where 
the  guard  line  was  situated  on  the  inside  of  the  fence.  I  intpiired 
of  him  how  much  he  had  paid  for  it,  and  his  answer  was  that  he 
\\?Ld.  promised  10  pay  the  guard  five  dollars  for  it,  and  that  though  he 
had  no  money  nor  any  chances  of  paying  for  it,  he  was  so  hungry 
that  he  determined  to  take  the  liver  anyhow,  and  pay  for  it  in 
promises.  Edwards  was  an  honest  man,  but  his  stomach  had  no 
regard  for  principle,  and  sometimes  led  him  into  predicaments  out  of 
which  it  was  difficult  to  rescue  him.  He  was  very  ill  at  ease,  now 
that  he  had  on  hands  a  case  of  liver  complaint,  for  which  the  ordinary 
remedies  were  inefficient. 

Knowing  that  I  would  share  in  the  liver,  I  engaged  to  share  in  my 
comrade's  trouble  concerning  it;  so  telling  him  to  remain  in  the  tent 
I  made  my  way  down  to  the  guard  line,  planning  on  my  way  how  I 
might  cancel  the  amount  due  the  guard  for  the  liver.  I  stood  around 
near  the  guard  for  some  time  and  then  asked  him  if  he  had  anything 
to  trade  or  sell.  He  replied  that  he  had  not,  that  he  had  just  dis- 
posed of  a  beef  liver  to  one  of  the  prisoners,  and  was  now  waiting 
for  him  to  return  the  haversack  and  bring  the  money  for  the  liver. 
I  then  told  the  guard  that  a  short  time  before  I  came  down  the 
doctors  had  arrested  a  fellow  having  a  striped  haversack  which 
contained  a  liver,  and  that  they  had  taken  him  to  headquarters  to  tie 
him  up  by  the  thumbs  until  he  would  tell  where  and  of  whom  he 
procured  it.  This  statement,  though  not  remarkable  for  its  truthful- 
ness, frightened  the  guard  considerably;  he  said  it  must  be  the  same 
one  to  whom  he  had  sold  the  liver,  and  that  he  feared  the  fellow  would 
divulge  the  whole  affair  to  the  authorities,  and  thereby  bring  upon 
him  some  severe  punishment.  The  guard  then  told  me  that  if  I 
would  interest  myself  in  his  behalf,  by  prevailing  on  the  prisoner  not 
to  tell  where  he  had  got  the  liver,  that  he  would  not  exact  pay  for  it, 
and  that  for  my  services  in  the  case  he  would  bring  me  four  cjuarts 
of  peanuts  when  he  again  came  on  guard.  This  I  agreed  to  do,  and, 
followed  by  the  best  wishes  of  the  troubled  sentry,  I  returned  to  the 
tent  to  share  in  a  huge  mess  of  boiled  liver  which  Edwards  had 
prepared  during  my  absence, — a  mess,  the  enjoyment  of  which  was 
heightened  rather  than  lessened  by  the  wear  and  tear  of  conscience 
in  procuring  it. 

Time  dragged  its  slow  length  along  ;  the  dullest  day  had  its  sunset, 
and  the  dreariest  night  was  succeeded  by  the  dawn  of  another  day; 
monotony  was  sometimes  relieved  by  variety,  and  once  in  a  while  a 
gleam  of  hope's  sunshine  broke  through  the  overhanging  clouds  of 
despair. 

I  still  kept  up  my  trades  with  our  guards,  and  by  this  means  we 
had  our  seasons  of  plenty  now  and  then,  though  generally  our  supply 
of  food  was  greatly  below  our  needs  and  of  a  very  inferior  ([uality. 


^2o  Oui    Knapsack. 

1  had  bought  an  extra  blanket,  and  willi  the  one  I  aheaily  had  I  was 
well  provided  in  this  particular.  Many  of  the  sick  in  our  ward  began 
to  improve,  but  this  was  after  more  than  fifty  |)er  cent,  of  the  whole 
number  had  died  ;  the  prisoners  had  been  removed  from  the  stockade 
and  distributed  over  different  [)arts  of  the  Confederacy,  we  knew  not 
where.  No  more,  sick  were  being  brought  into  the  hospital,  as  in 
former  times,  and  many  of  the  present  occupants  of  the  various 
wards  were  going  about  in  improving  health,  performing  light  duties 
and  giving  to  the  h()S|iital  an  air  of  life  which  was  in  hapi)y  contrast 
with  the  days  gone  by.  By  the  middle  of  December,  1864,  the  only 
prisoners  remaining  at  Andersonville  were  occupants  of  the  hospital. 
No  reliable  news  from  the  outside  world,  touching  the  progress  of  the 
war  reached  us;  our  captors  seemed  determined  to  withold  from  us 
any  news  of  the  situation,  as  if  our  ignorance  of  passing  events 
would  increase  the  sufferings  of  our  imprisonment.  But  our  principal 
concern  was  to  prolong  our  existence  and  to  economize  our  scanty 
supplies  so  as  to  cheat  the  monster,  grim-visaged  death  of  his  prey. 

Many  deaths  were  still  occuring  among  us,  but  they  were  much 
less  frecjuent  than  before;  we  had  looked  on  death  and  suffering  so 
long  and  so  frequently  that  our  feelings  had  grown  callous  and  could 
witness  scenes  of  horror  with  very  little  concern.  When  a  patient 
died  his  effects  were  immediately  taken  possession  of  l)y  his  living 
comrades.  In  the  possession  of  these  effects  many  strange  discover- 
ies were  made;  one  man, while  tearing  up  a  pair  of  pants  which  had 
been  the  property  of  a  prisoner  who  had  died,  found  four  hundred 
dollars  in  greenbacks  carefully  stitched  in  the  w\aist  of  the  pants. 
Of  course  this  was  regarded  as  a  large  haul — ec^ual  to  ;$  16,000  of 
(Confederate  promises,  for  every  dollar  of  Uncle  Sam's  money  would 
buy  forty  of  the  money  of  the  waning  Confederacy. 

One  day  I  got  myself  into  a  serious  difficulty  by  buying  a  blanket 
belonging  to  a  fellow-prisoner  in  our  ward  of  the  hospital.  He  came 
to  me  and  insisted  on  my  buying  his  blanket,  and  continued  to  press 
me  so  persistently  that  I  at  last  bought  it  to  accommodate  him,  and 
not  that  I  needed  it  particularly.  Knowing  that  orders  existed  pro- 
hibiting the  sale  and  purchase  of  such  articles,  I  feared  I  would  get 
into  trouble  in  so  doing,  but  he  promised  me  faithfully  that  he  would 
never  divulge  the  name  of  the  purchaser  under  any  circumstances. 
I  bought  it  and  paid  him  his  price  for  it.  About  three  days  la.ter 
some  of  the  convalescents  of  our  ward,  the  sixteenth,  were  being 
transferred  to  the  eighteenth,  and  among  them  was  the  man  who  had 
sold  me  the  blanket.  The  officials  went  around  gathering  the 
blankets  of  the  patients  who  were  being  moved;  in  this  I  foresaw 
trouble,  so  rolling  my  three  blankets  u[)  I  went  with  them  down  to 
the  eighteenth  ward  and  left  them  there  with  a  friend  with  whom  I 
had  been  interested  in  trading.  Then  returning  to  my  tent  I  awaited 
events.  I  had  not  long  to  wait,  for  having  gone  for  the  man  who 
had  sold  me  the  blanket,  they  had  frightened  him  into  telling  to 
whom  he  had  sold  the  blanket,  and  bringing  him  into  my  tent  he 
pointed    me   out   as   the   man    who   had    violated  the  rules.       I  was 


Our  Knapsack.  321 

soundly  abused  in  language  more  forcible  than  elo(|uent,  and  was 
then  told  that  if  1  did  not  produce  the  blanket  and  restore  it  to  the 
owner  that  I  would  be  tied  up  by  the  thumbs.  Edwards,  who  was 
interested  in  my  safety,  advised  me  to  confess,  but  as  I  had  come 
into  possession  of  the  blanket  honestly,  I  concluded  to  hold  out  for 
awhile,  at  least.  Failing  to  accomplish  their  purpose  by  threats,  I 
was  taken  under  guard  to  headquarters  for  punishment.  The  major 
commanding  was  not  in,  but  a  lieutenant  who  was  temporarily  in 
charge  said. he  had  no  doubts  but  that  it  would  be  in  accordance  with 
the  orders  of  the  major  to  tie  me  up,  and  it  was  done  accordingly.  A 
half-inch  rope  was  procured  and  fastened  to  each  wrist.  Then  I 
was  stretched  up  against  an  oak  tree  which  stood  in  front  of  the 
major's  tent,  leaving  my  feet  dangling  about  a  foot  from  the  ground. 
1  had  been  hanging  in  this  manner  five  or  ten  minutes — long  fnin- 
utes,  and  was  about  concluding  to  loosen  my  grip  on  the  blanket,  the 
possession  of  which  was  the  cause  of  my  present  painful  suspension. 
The  major  returned  and  at  once  inquired  into  the  facts  of  the  case. 
He  was  informed  that  I  had  bought  a  blanket  from  a  sick  comrade 
and  refused  to  return  it  when  ordered.  The  major  asked  me  what  I 
had  done  with  the  blanket,  and  I  told  him  that  being  hungry  I  had 
sold  it  for  something  to  eat. »  This  statement  was  not  as  truthful  as 
it  might  have  been,  but  it  served  such  a  good  purpose  that  I  never 
afterward  apologized  to  the  officer  for  telling  it,  nor  have  I  ever  done 
penance  for  it.  He  ordered  me  taken  down  and  untied,  reprimand- 
ing the  lieutenant  severely  for  his  hasty  action  in  the  matter,  and 
saying  that  tying  me  up  so  would  not  return  the  blanket,  and  that 
almost  anyone  would  do  the  same  thing  under  such  circumstances. 
The  major's  conduct  in  this  matter  impressed  me  favorably.  I  was 
returned  to  my  i[uarters  and  liberated.  I  afterwards  took  possession 
of  the  blanket  on  account  of  which  I  had  narrowly  escaped  severe 
punishment,  and  both  Edwards  and  I  joined  in  a  season  of  congratu- 
lation over  the  favorable  termination  of  the  affair. 

Two  or  three  weeks  after  this  occurrence  the  man  with  whom  I 
had  left  the  blankets  for  safe  keeping,  mention  of  which  has  been 
previously  made,  came  to  me  and  said  that  he  saw  a  chance  of 
escape,  and  desired  I  should  join  him  in  the  effort.  I  told  him  that 
if  his  plan  was  a  feasible  one  I  would  share  in  the  adventure,  though 
my  experience  in  that  line  of  exploits  had  not  been  full  of  reward. 
I  have  before  stated  that  on  the  south  side  of  the  hospital  grounds 
was  an  extended  shallow  swami);  on  this  side  the  guards  walked  on 
the  inside  of  the  fence,  and  on  tlie  other  three  sides  they  walked  on 
the  outside.  On  this  side  I  noticed  that  the  sentinels  were  less  vigi- 
lant at  times  than  the  nature  of  their  duties  required,  and  that  they 
would  build  little  fires  on  the  guard-line  at  night,  around  which  they 
would  stand  or  sit  in  couples  or  singly  when  they  knew  that  they  were 
not  watched  by  the  officers,  and  at  such  times  the  prisoners  would 
approach  the  guards  and  traffic  with  them.  In  the  southeast  corner 
of  the  grounds  a  tree  which  grew  on  the  inside  had  fallen  across  the 

38 


32  2  Our  Knapsack. 

fence  and  partially  knocked  it  down,  the  top  of  liie  tree  fallinj;  in 
the  swamp  on  the  outside. 

It  seemed  an  easy  thing  after  dark,  when  the  guards  were  not 
watching,  for  a  person  to  crawl  over  llie  body  of  the  tree,  let  himself 
down  into  the  swamp  and  escape  ;  and  this  was  the  plan  by  which 
we  hoped  to  gain  our  liberty.  We  hardly  hoped  to  succeed  entirely, 
but  we  argued  that  if  we  could  but  succeed  in  scaling  the  i)rison 
fence  at  this  tree,  and  gain  a  temporary  freedom  of  a  few  days,  the 
effort  was  worth  making,  and  we  determined  to  try  it..  We  knew 
that  four  savage  bloodhounds  were  kept  for  the  purpose  of  pursuing 
escaped  prisoners,  but  this  fact  did  not  check  our  determination  to 
see  how  it  looked  out  in  the  country.  We  thought  it  might  be 
several  days  before  we  would  be  missed,  and  by  that  time  it  would 
be  imix)ssible  to  track  us  by  the  scent.  We  made  everything  ready 
to  carry  out  our  plan  on  a  certain  night.  I  said  nothing  to  Edwards 
of  our  plan,  for  I  well  l^nevv  that  he  would  refuse  to  go,  and  would  do 
all  he  could  to  prevent  my  going. 

On  two  different  nights  we  approached  the  place  intending  to 
make  the  effort,  but  both  times  we  found  the  guards  unusually 
watchful,  and  we  waited  for  a  more  favorable  time.  On  the  third 
night  circumstances  seemed  more  favorable,  and  about  ten  o'clock 
we  crept  cautiously  down  toward  the  jjlace  through  which  we  in- 
tended escaping.  The  guards  were  standing  round  a  small  fire 
engaged  in  trading  with  a  number  of  prisoners.  It  was  cloudy  and 
rain  was  falling  in  a  gentle  shower.  The  guards  seemed  to  have  no 
fear  of  anyone  trying  to  make  an  escape  on  such  a  night  as  this. 
We  saw  that  no  more  favorable  a  time  than  this  could  be  expected, 
and  that  if  we  ever  intended  making  the  effort,  now  was  our  time. 
My  partner,  whose  name  was  Williams,  crept  over  the  log  in  advance 
of  me  and  told  me  to  follow.  We  used  the  utmost  caution,  for  even 
the  breaking  of  a  twig  might  arouse  the  guards.  We  crept  along  the 
trunk  of  the  tree,  Williams  four  feet  in  advance.  Our  position  at 
this  moment  was  critical  in  the  extreme,  for  if  discovered  we  were 
almost  sure  to  be  shot  down.  But  at  last  we  got  on  the  outside. 
Williams  let  himself  down  into  the  shallow  water  without  making 
any  noise,  but  when  I  attempted  to  do  the  same  thing  I  slipped  and 
fell  into  the  water  with  a  noisy  splash.  This  raised  an  alarm.  The 
guards  shouted  "halt"  and  opened  a  brisk  fire.  But  there  was  very 
little  danger  in  their  firing,  as  the  fence  was  now  l)etween  us  and 
them,  and  if  it  had  beeii  open  day  they  could  not  have  fired  on  us 
with  anything  like  fatal  effect. 

I  sprang  to  my  feet  and  got  away  as  fast  as  possible,  never  think- 
ing ot  Williams  nor  of  making  an  effort  to  keep  with  him.  The 
swamp  abounded  with  underbrush  and  old,  decaying  logs,  and  was 
altogether  a  place  through  which  one  could  move  with  very  little 
speed,  especially  in  the  darkness.  In  my  haste  to  escape  I  scratched 
my  face  and  hands  and  bruised  myself  in  a  fearful  manner.  I 
stumbled  over  old  logs,  and  many  times  fell  headlong  into  the  mud 
and  water,  until  I  was  so  fatigued  I  could  make  no  further  progress. 


Our  Knapsack.  323 


Halting  to  rest,  I  thought  of  Williams  and  listened  attentively  that  I 
might  hear  him  making  his  way  through  the  swamp.  I  would  have 
hallooed,  but  was  fearful  of  being  heard  by  the  guards  who  might 
possibly  be  pursuing. 

Nothing  could  be  heard  of  my  adventurous  comrade,  nor  did  I 
ever  afterwards  learn  of  his  fate.  He  was  a  man  of  nerve  and  had 
a  heart  as  big  as  all  out-doors,  and  I  deeply  regretted  parting  with 
him,  especially  at  a  time  like  this.  I  rested  for  a  long  time  and  con- 
tinued to  hope  to  hear  something  from  Williams,  but  in  vain.  All 
was  quiet  except  that  the  frogs  and  other  occupants  of  the  swamp 
made  noisy  complaints  at  being  disturbed  at  this  hour  of  the  night. 
I  was  now  filled  with  fearful  apprehensions ;  I  imagined  fearful  alli- 
gators lying  in  wait  to  devour  me,  and  my  situation  was  such  that  I 
began  to  wish  myself  back  in  the  prison.  Failing  to  hear  from 
Williams,  I  moved  on  with  great  difficulty,  hardly  knowing  whither 
I  went  I  had  no  knowledge  of  the  extent  of  the  swamp,  and  very 
little  knowledge  of  the  direction  I  was  going. 

I  kept  on  with  great  difficulty,  thinking  that  J  would  come  out 
somewhere.  About  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  I  struck  higher 
ground  and  realized  that  I  had  emerged  from  the  swamp.  Here  1 
lay  down  to  rest,  and  being  completely  tired  out,  I  fell  asleep  and 
slept  till  after  daylight.  A  dense  forest  surrounded  me ;  behind  me 
was  the  swamp  and  in  front  and  on  either  hand  was  an  unbroken 
wilderness  of  woods.  I  had  lost  all  hopes  of  hearing  from  Williams. 
1  ate  a  scanty  breakfast  from  the  little  store  of  provisions  with  which 
1  had  provided  myself  before  starting ;  then  resuming  my  journey  I 
traveled  in  a  southwestern  direction,  through  a  level  and  heavily 
timbered  country.  I  felt  all  the  time  that  I  must  emerge  into  some 
cultivated  and  inhabited  region,  though  how  I  would  proceed  or 
what  plan  I  would  adopt  to  carry  out  my  purpose  and  secure  my 
escape,  had  not  entered  my  mind. 

The  injuries  1  had  sustained  in  floundering  through  the  swamp 
made  me  stiff"  and  sore,  and  hindered  my  progress  very  much. 
Finally,  about  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  I  came  in  sight  of  a  cul- 
tivated plantation,  the  view  of  which  gave  me  great  joy.  I  seated 
myself  on  a  log  to  rest,  and  after  a  short  time  I  thought  I  heard  the 
baying  of  a  hound  behind  me.  I  listened  with  breathless  attention, 
and  again  I  heard  the  same  sound  with  more  distinctness.  I  was 
now  convinced  that  I  was  being  pursued,  and  that  the  hounds  were 
on  my  trail.  What  was  to  be  done .''  I  looked  about  me  and  began 
to  plan  for  the  best  and  to  escape  the  jaws  of  the  hounds,  which 
would  soon  be  upon  me.  The  fork  of  a  tree  which  stood  near  in- 
vited me  and  I  climbed  the  trunk  and  was  soon  in  the  fork  awaiting 
the  arrival  of  my  pursuers.  The  dogs,  four  in  number,  soon  came 
up  and  began  barking  with  savage  vigor.  Being  fifteen  feet  from  the 
ground,  I  was  beyond  their  reach,  and  from  my  perch  of  safety  I 
contemplated  their  noisy  rage  with  no  little  interest.  In  a  short 
time  three  Confederates  appeared  on  horseback.  One  of  them 
accosted  me  with,  "Ah,  Yank,  we've  got  you  this  time."      Another 


324  Our  Knapsack. 

called  on  me  to  come  down  at  once.      I   told  them  to  get  off   their 
horses  and  keep  the  dogs  from  injuring  me  and  I  wcnild  come  down. 
One  of    them   dismounted,  and   driving  the  dogs  hack,  stood  at  the 
tree  while  I  descended.     Tlie  hounds  did  not  seem  inclined  to  injure 
me  after  this.      1  was  ordered  to  mount  behind  one  of    the   men,  and 
the  chase  being   ended,  we   rode  in  the  direction  of  the  prison.     As 
we  proceeded  they  intpiired  how  many   had   made   their   escape,  and 
also   the   manner   in   which   it   was  effe(  ted.      I   told  them  a  straight 
story  and  made  in([uiry  concerning  Williams,  to   which   they   replied 
that     he     had     not     been     retaken,    and     they     cared     very     little 
whether  he  was  or  not.     These  men  seemed  to  be  jovial  and  good- 
hearted ;    they  chatted  socially  and  treated  me  in  the  kindest  man- 
ner.    They  expressed  themselves  as  being  heartily  tired  of   the  war 
and   their  general  conduct  was  in  marked  contrast  with  that  of  the 
guards   who   had   retaken   me  when    I    escaped    at    Danville.       We 
reached  the  prison  about  sundown,  and  I  ascertained  that  I  had   not 
reached  a  point  more  than  seven  miles  from  our  place  of  escape,  but 
1  must  have  traveled  in  a  zigzag  course.      Upon   our  arrival   I    was 
taken  to  headipiarters  and  reported  to  the  major  commanding      This 
officer  asked  me  how  many  escaped  with  me  and  l)y  what  means  we 
got  away.      I  told  him  the  whole  truth,  and  he  believed  it.       He  said 
that  owing  to  my  bruised  and  battered  condition  and  the  rough  time 
I  had  had  in  the  swamp  that  he  would  let  me  off    for  this   time,  but 
he  advised  me  not  to  repeat  the  attempt,  as  it  would  be  impossible  to 
gain   my   liberty,  even   if    I   was   successful   in    escajiing   from    the 
grounds.     My  jiitiable  condition,  hair  matted  with  mud,  clothes  torn 
and   my   face  scratched  and  bruised  presented  a  plea  to  clemency 
stronger  than  could  have  been  made  by  the  tongue  of    elo(|uence. 
The  major  in  dismissing  me  and  sending  me  to  my  c|uarters,  advised 
me  to  tak'i  better  care  of  myself,  a  bit  of   advice  which   I   acce[jted 
thankfully.      Shortly  after  this  incident  the  major  was  assigned  to 
dutv  elsewhere,  and  left  us,  a  circumstance  which  we  had  cause  to 
regret.     He  was  a  man  of  many  excellent  (pialities  and  inflicted  no 
unnecessary  pain  upon  the  prisoners  under  him.      His  whole  soul 
seemed  overflowing  with  the  milk  of  human  kindness,  and  it  was  a 
common  remark  that  so  good  a  man  was  unfortunate  in  esix)using  so 
bad  a  cause. 

I  never  heard  of  Williams  after  our  separation  in  the  swamp.  He 
was  not  captured  and  returned  to  prison  nor  hospital  at  Anderson- 
ville,  and  his  fate  remained  a  mystery  to  me.  The  swamp  was  many 
miles  in  extent  in  one  direction,  and  he  may  have  penetrated  deeper 
and  deeper  into  it  and  then  perished  of  hunger;  or  he  may  have 
been  killed  in  being  retaken.  It  is  barely  possible  that  by  good  for- 
tune he  succeeded  in  reaching  the  lines  of  our  army,  and  was  safe. 
If  living  1  hope  that  fate  may  place  this  account  before  him,  and 
acquaint  him  of  my  whereabouts.  1  have,  somehow,  a  hope  that  he 
still  lives. 

Events  of  no  very  exciting  moment  occupied  our  time  from  this 
till   about   the   middle  of   the  following  January,  1S65.      I  had  con- 


Our  Knapsack.  325 

tinned  my  traffic  in  various  ways,  and  by  so  doing  managed  to  scrape 
together  a  tolerably  good  living.  The  stockade  had  now  been  unoc- 
cupied lor  nearly  three  months,  but  at  the  above  named  time  three 
or  four  thousand  prisoners  were  brought  in  and  placed  in  the  stock- 
ade, and  many,  including  myself,  were  sent  to  the  stockade  from  the 
hospital.  Here  we  began  to  retaste  some  of  the  horrors  of  our  im- 
prisonment of  the  preceding  summer,  but  we  were  not  so  crowded  as 
before,  for  instead  of  25,000,  as  formerly,  we  only  numbered  a  little 
less  than  4,000;  therefore  we  had  plenty  of  room.  But  our  rations 
were  scant,  and  it  was  as  much  as  we  could  do  to  live  on  what  we 
got.  Some  time  in  the  latter  part  of  February  five  hundred  of  our 
number  were  ordered  to  move.  Edwards  and  I  were  of  that  num- 
ber, and  we  indulged  strongly  in  a  hope  of  an  exchange  and  release. 
A  short  time  previous  to  this  the  Confederates  had  l)een  making 
efforts  to  enlist  the  prisoners  in  the  stockade  to  serve  in  the  Southern 
army.  A  Colonel  O'Neil,  an  Irishman,  of  the  C.  S.  A.,  came  into  the 
stockade  daily,  and  succeeded  in  enlisting  many  of  the  stoutest  and 
hardiest  of  the  prisoners.  Of  the  three  hundred  thus  enlisted  the 
larger  portion  were  foreigners.  None  but  the  very  stoutest  were 
taken.  I  learned  afterwards  that  all  these  deserted  in  a  body  and 
joined  the  Union  army,  but  this  may  not  be  true.  None  of  those 
who  enlisted  should  be  blamed  or  censured  for  using  any  and  every 
means  to  obtain  their  freedom,  and  I  think  that  each  of  those  who 
enlisted  had  strong  reasons  for  doing  so,  for  "all  that  a  man  hath  will 
he  give  for  his  life." 

Many  persons  who  stayed  at  home,  viewing  the  battle  from  afar, 
and  knowing  nothing  of  the  dreadful  carnage  of  battle,  and  experi- 
encing nothing  of  the  horrors  of  starvation  in  prison,  are  the  first 
and  loudest  to  proclaim  that  they  would  have  died  before  they  would 
have  enlisted  thus.     Such  folks  seldom  die  in  this  manner. 

The  order  to  move,  before  mentioned,  was  not  carried  out  imme- 
diately, and  it  was  not  till  the  early  days  of  March  that  we  began  to 
pack  our  scanty  effects  preparatory  to  moving  out.  This  was  a  task 
to  which  we  applied  ourselves  with  promptness;  shout  after  shout 
went  up  from  the  men  whose  hearts  had  been  bowed  down  with  un- 
utterable woe  for  many  weary  months ;  the  news  seemed  almost  too 
good  to  be  true,  and  we  found  ourselves  inquiring  of  each  other 
whether  it  were  a  fact  that  we  had  received  such  orders ;  or  was  it  a 
trick  of  our  captors  to  add  one  more  woe  to  the  long  roll  of  miseries 
that  had  embittered  our  lives.  But  after  some  further  wailing  five 
hundred  of  us  were  marched  out  of  the  stockade  and  to  the  dei)ot. 
Our  star  of  hope  began  to  rise,  and  the  prospect  of  release  from  our 
charnel-house  of  horrors  began  to  grow  bright.  Now  that  we  were 
out  of  the  hated  pen  and  waiting  for  a  train  to  go  hence,  seemed 
almost  like  heaven  begun  below.  We  waited  at  the  depot  from  11  a. 
m,  till  4  p.  m.,  and  no  train  coming  for  us,  we  were  again  returned  to 
the  stockade.  What  a  mighty  reverse  this  was  to  our  feelings,  and 
how  it  blasted  the  cherished  ho[)es  of  a  few  hours  before.  Our 
hearts  sank  within  us,  and  dark  desj)air  took  the   i)lace  where   hope 


^26  Our  Knapsack. 

had  triumphed  hut  an  hour  a^o.  Many  gave  up  and  sank  under  this 
blow  ot  disappointment.  Tears  were  shed,  and  maledictions  and 
curses  were  lieard  on  every  hand.  It  was  like  snatching  the  cooling 
water  from  the  victim  of  a  consuming  thirst.  Many  said  that  we 
may  as  well  make  up  our  minds  to  die  in  prison  and  no  longer  cher- 
ish hopes  which  budded  but  to  perish ;  and  in  this  state  of  hopeless- 
ness many  did  die.  We  resumed  our  places  in  the  stockade  and 
knew  not  what  the  future  promised. 

About  two  weeks  after  this,  orders  were  again  received,  and  again 
the  fires  of  hope  were  kindled  within  us.  This  order  was  greeted 
with  an  outburst  of  joy  which  baffles  description.  Our  labor  of 
packing  up  and  preparing  to  move  was  siieedily  and  cheerfully  per- 
formed. This  being  completed  we  marched  with  light  hearts  to  the 
depot,  finding  a  train  of  bo.\  cars  in  waiting.  We  were  soon  aboard 
and  were  much  crowded,  but  we  were  so  much  over  joyed  at  the 
prospect  of  leaving  that  we  cared  little  for  the  discomfort  we  e.\- 
perienced. 

Our  train  moved  in  a  southerly  direction,  running  as  far  as  Albany, 
in  the  southern  part  of  (Georgia.  Here  this  line  of  railroad  terminated. 
We  were  now  fifty  miles  from  Andersonville.  It  was  after  dark  when 
we  reached  Albany.  We  were  taken  from  the  cars  and  laid  by  till 
next  morning. 

Rations  were  issued  to  us  next  morning  and  w-e  were  told  that  we 
were  now  on  the  way  to  the  Union  lines,  and  that  this  supply  of 
food  must  last  ils  till  we  reached  our  friends.  We  were  so  over- 
joyed at  the  prospect  of  gaining  our  liberty  that  we  now  cared  very 
little  about  what  was  given  us  to  eat. 

From  this  place  we  took  up  a  line  of  march,  and  for  three  days  we 
traveled  in  an  easterly  direction,  through  a  level  country,  and  over 
what  I  considered  very  poor  soil.  We  marched  about  twenty 
miles  a  day,  and  at  the  close  of  the  third  day  we  reached  Thomas- 
ville,  the  county  seat  of  Thomas  county,  one  of  the  border  counties 
of  Georgia  on  the  Florida  line.  Our  sick  where  hauled  across  the 
country  from  Albany  in  wagons  ;  many  gave  out  on  the  march,  and 
they,  too,  were  hauled.  It  became  necessary  to  press  into  the  service 
the  teams  and  wagons  of  planters  living  along  the  line  of  march,  and 
by  so  doing  our  transportation  was  made  equal  to  our  needs.  At 
Thomasville  we  received  some  kind  attentions  which  I  mention  with 
pleasure,  and  which  shows  that  even  in  an  enemy's  land  we  were 
treated  as  if  we  were  human  in  character,  at  least.  On  the  day  after 
our  arrival  many  ladies  visited  us,  bringing  baskets  full  of  provisions, 
daintily  prepared,  and  distributed  them  to  the  sick  and  most  destitute 
of  our  number.  They  brought  many  articles  of  clothing  and  gave  to 
those  in  need ;  many  a  sick  and  dying  prisoner  invoked  God's 
blessing  on  the  head  of  these  angels  of  mercy  as  they  ministered  to 
the  sick  and  destitute.  This  incident  was  like  the  gleam  of  sunshine 
on  a  dark  day  ;  like  a  spring  of  water  in  a  thirsty  land. 

On  the  next  day  we  were  told  that  owing  to  a  lack  of  cars  we 
could  not  leave  till  the  following  day  ;  and  on  the  next  day  and  for 


Our  Knapsack.  327 

several  successive  days  we  were  told  the  same  comfortless  story. 
These  delays  seemed  ominous  of  evil.  Rumors  of  various  kinds 
floated  through  the  camp,  and  our  star  of  hope  began  to  lose  its 
brilliancy.  Many  of  us  prophesied  that  evil  was  near  at  hand,  and 
the  most  hopeful  began  to  doubt ;  even  our  guards  seemed  confused 
and  hardly  knew  what  to  do  with  us  or  themselves.  Thus  time  wore 
on  till  the  fifth  day,  when  we  were  ordered  to  be  ready  to  move  ;  but 
instead  of  marching  us  to  the  depot  and  the  train  as  we  had  hoped, 
we  were  turned  back  and  marched  in  the  direction  of  Albany,  on  the 
same  road  over  which  we  had  marched  with  such  buoyant  hearts  and 
bright  hopes  but  a  few  days  before.  At  this  unhappy  turn  in  our 
affairs,  who  can  describe  the  despair  which  weighed  down  our  every 
heart,  for  we  seemed  to  see  and  understand  in  this  movement  that 
our  cup  of  sorrow  was  not  yet  drained  of  all  its  galling  bitterness. 
We  would  a  hundred  fold  sooner  have  marched  in  any  other  direction 
than  towards  Andersonville.  How  we  hated,  loathed  and  de-tested 
the  very  name  of  the  spot  where  we  had  seen  and  suffered  so  much. 
And  now  after  having  our  hopes  raised  to  such  a  point  that  we  could 
almost  see  the  stars  and  strips  of  the  dear  old  flag,  and  hear  the 
anthems  of  liberty,  and  taste  the  joys  of  freedom,  and  now  tliat  we 
were  made  to  turn  our  backs  on  all  this  and  march  toward  our  hated 
prison-pen,  the  thought  was  crushing,  and  was  ne.xt  to  death  itself. 
Heavy  hearts  make  heavy  feet ;  we  were  four  days  reaching  Albany. 
We  were  sick,  weary,  disheartened,  and  the  last  ray  of  hojjc  was 
almost  e.vtinguished.  At  Albany  we  were  put  on  the  cars  and  in  a 
brief  time  were  again  within  the  walls  of  dreary  Andersonville.  If  we 
had  been  sad  and  disheartened  in  counter-marching  toward  our  old 
place  of  torment,  how  much  more  forlorn  and  dejected  did  we  now 
feel  in  realizing  that  ho])e  had  fled  and  despair  held  a  heartless 
mastery.  Nothing  could  be  learned  concerning  the  progress  of  the 
war,  and  our  knowledge  of  the  outside  world  was  almost  a  blank. 

Many  of  us  bore  our  misfortunes  as  stoically  as  possible,  and 
determined  to  keep  our  spirits  up  to  the  end  ;  but  how  we  succeeded 
in  doing  so  seems  almost  marvel.  The  actions  of  our  captors  seemed 
to  indicate  that  they  considered  their  cause  a  hopeless  one,  and  in 
this  we  drew  a  little  comfort,  At  the  end  of  ten  days  after  our 
return  from  Thomasville  we  again  received  orders  to  move,  and  again 
we  gathered  together  our  scanty  effects,  hoping  in  this,  our  third 
moving,  to  see  the  last  of  x-Vndersonville.  We  marched  to  the  depot 
and  got  aboard  a  train  of  cars  a  little  after  dark.  We  noticed  that  our 
guards  were  much  excited  over  some  news  which  we  construed  to  be 
in  our  favor,  and  they  seemed  to  care  very  little  whether  we  escaped 
or  not,  and  they  made  little  effort  to  prevent  our  escape.  I  saw  more 
than  one  opportunitv  of  escaping,  but  I  began  to  see  that  we  were  a 
■l)urden  on  their  hands  and  that  they  were  becoming  every  hour  more 
and  more  anxious  of  getting  rid  of  us.  Our  train  moved  out  at  ten 
o'clock  P.  M.,  but  instead  of  going  south,  as  before,  we  moved  in  the 
direction  of  Macon.  This  was  as  we  wished,  for  we  felt  more  hopes 
of  getting  into  our  lines  in  this  direction  than  by  going  south.     We 


328  ( hn    K/iii/^S(uk. 

were  all  iiinlit  and  lill  eight  o'clock  the  nex  day  niiining  to  Macon,  a 
distance  of  sixty  miles.  Captain  Wirt/,  accompanied  the  train,  and 
he  seemed  considerably  excited  over  something  which  he  kept  to 
himself.  When  the  train  halted  at  Macon  the  Captain  passed  from 
one  car  to  another,  assuring  the  men  that  this  time  they  would 
certainly  he  sent  through  to  the  I'nion  lines,  and  he  seemed  more 
like  a  man  and  less  like  the  fiend  that  he  was  than  on  any  former 
occasion.      We  regarded  this  as  an  item  in  our  favor. 

We  remained  at  Macon  nearly  two  hours,  during  which  time  we 
remained  in  the  cars,  and  then  we  were  again  run  back  toward 
Andersonville.  Who  can  imagine  our  feelings  as  our  train  sjied  in 
the  direction  of  the  place  we  most  detested  on  earth.  We  asked 
each  other,  "Shall  we  never  be  free  from  the  horrid  place?"  We 
reached  Andersonville  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  but  contrary 
to  our  expectations,  and  to  our  agreeable  surprise,  we  were  not 
allowed  to  leave  the  train,  and  were  assured  that  after  a  short  halt 
we  would  be  sent  on.  This  announcement  was  cheered  lustily  ;  the 
poor  sufferers  shook  hands,  shed  tears  and  made  many  demonstra- 
tions of  the  joy  which  filled  their  hearts.  The  scene  was  one  which 
can  neither  be  imagined  nor  described.  After  a  halt  of  half  an  hour 
our  train  again  moved,  going  south.  We  reached  Albany  at  nine 
o'clock  that  night,  and,  disembarking,  spent  the  remainder  of  the 
night.  In  the  morning  we  had  issued  to  us  six  hard  tack,  which 
were  to  feed  us  for  three  days.  We  then  set  out  to  march  to  Thomas- 
ville,  which  place  we  reached  at  the  end  of  three  days'  marching. 
Such  of  our  numbers  as  could  not  be  transported  in  wagons  were 
left  at  Albany,  and  were  afterwards  sent  forward.  On  the  day  fol- 
lowing our  arrival  at  Thomas ville  we  were  again  put  on  board  a 
train,  and  again  doubts  filled  our  minds,  and  serious  apprehensions 
harassed  us;  for  we  were  yet  ignorant  of  our  destination.  But  we 
zuerc  going  aicuiy  fioin  AntiersonviUe  ;  there  was  a  world  of  comfort  in 
that.  Our  course  for  sixteen  or  twenty  hours  seemed  to  be  a  zigzag 
one,  but  at  the  end  of  that  time  we  reached  Lake  City,  in  Florida. 
Here  we  went  into  camp  at  a  distance  of  four  miles  from  the  city. 
Our  camp  was  beside  the  railroad,  and  near  a  pond  of  stagnant 
water,  from  which  we  supplied  ourselves  with  water  to  use  and  drink. 
We  at  length  found  plenty  of  better  water  Ijy  digging  four  or  five  feet. 

Some  of  the  men  were  wading  in  the  pond  a  short  distance  from 
the  bank,  when  they  came  across  a  young  alligator,  six  feet  in  length. 
They  set  about  trying  to  kill  it  with  clubs.  The  guards,  attracted 
by  the  confusion,  came  to  their  assistance  and  the  alligator  was  shot, 
after  which  the  carcass  was  cut  uj)  and  divided  among  us.  We  had 
l)een  so  long  without  meat  that  we  thought  v/e  could  eat  anything  like 
flesh  ;  besides,  we  were  on  the  verge  of  starvation  ;  all  the  rations  we 
had  received  since  leaving  .\ll)any  was  a  small  cpiantity  of  meal.- 
In  the  distribution  of  the  alligator  the  mess  to  which  I  belonged  got 
the  tail.  This  we  skinned  and  cut  into  thin  slices,  after  which  it 
was  boiled  and  eaten.  Under  the  circumstance  we  agreed  that  it 
was  as  good  meat  as  we  had  ever  tasted.      We  remained   in   camp 


Our  Knapsack.  329 

near  Lake  City  four  days,  then  boarding  a  train,  we  were  sent  to 
Baldwin,  a  small  place  about  forty  miles  in  an  easterly  direction. 
This  was  the  outpost  of  the  C.  A.  at  this  time,  i«n  the  direction  of 
Jacksonville,  where  a  part  of  our  army  was  stationed.  The  railroad 
to  Jacksonville  had  been  destroyed  by  one  or  both  armies,  and  this 
station  was  as  far  as  the  cars  were  running  in  the  direction  of  the 
Union  lines. 

From  Baldwin  to  Jacksonville  was  sixteen  miles,  and  we  were  told 
that  we  were  to  reach  it  on  foot.  We  had  been  guarded  from  Ander- 
sonville  to  this  place  by  a  regiment  of  Mississippi  infantry,  com- 
mandt^d  by  Colonel  Cibbs.  We  left  Baldwin  at  ten  o'clock  in  the 
morning  and  marched  in  the  direction  of  Jacksonville.  Our  guards 
accom[)anied  us  a  few  miles,  when  the  Colonel  called  a  halt.  He 
told  us  that  his  command  would  go  no  further,  that  we  were  now  at 
liberty,  and  by  pursuing  our  way  along  the  railroad  we  would  soon 
reach  our  forces  at  Jacksonville  in  safety.  He  advised  us  to  assist 
each  other  on  the  march  and  keep  together  as  well  as  we  could.  He 
assured  us  that  we  would  find  our  friends  ready  to  receive  us  at 
Jacksonville.  He  and  his  command  then  bade  us  good-bye  and 
turned  l)ack.  I  do  not  remember  that  any  tears  of  regret  were  shed 
on  the  occasion.  And  now  such  joyous  shouts  and  such  prolonged 
cheers  as  went  up  from  this  haggard  crowd  of  famished  men  seldom 
is  heard  by  mortal  ears.  The  fact  that  we  were  within  a  few  miles 
of  the  tlag  which  we  had  so  long  a  desire  to  see  seemed  to  be  a  joy 
almost  purer  than  we  could  bear. 

As  soon  as  our  guards  left  us  all  order  of  march  was  at  an  end, 
and  each  man  set  out  and  moved  ahead  to  suit  himself,  regardless  of 
his  stronger  or  weaker  companion,  and  in  a  short  time  the  line  was 
lengthened  out  to  a  distance  of  more  than  two  miles.  I  marched  as 
well  as  I  could,  but  soon  fell  behind  the  majority,  and  yet  as  far 
backward  as  I  could  see  there  were  many  stragglers,  all  trying  their 
best  to  make  the  desired  end. 

I  was  barefooted  and  hatless;  my  breeches  were  worn  off  to  the 
knees  and  my  shirt  had  lost  its  sleeves.  All  the  baggage  I  had  was 
half  of  an  old  blanket  which  I  threw  over  my  shoulders  when  it 
rained.  Many  marched  until  they  became  exhausted  and  then  sank 
beside  the  way.  My  feet  were  blistered,  swollen  and  full  of  prickles 
from  sand  burs.  I  kept  on,  doing  my  best  till  three  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  when  1  sank  beside  the  road,  feeling  that  1  must  rest,  for 
though  liberty  beckoned  and  freedom  glittered  ahead  of  me,  the  flesh 
was  weaker  than  the  will.  1  rested  for#more  than  an  hour,  and  dar- 
ing that  time  many  of  the  stragglers  came  up  and  passed  on  ;  yet 
there  were  many  more  who  were  still  in  the  rear.  As  I  again  moved 
ow  an  old  man  came  hobbling  along  and  seeming  to  be  exerting  his 
utmost  to  get  aliead.  As  he  walked  by  my  side  I  noticed  his  labored 
breathing  and  his  desperate  efforts  to  move  on.  Suddenly  he  fell 
forward  on  his  face.  1  stopped  and  gave  him  .some  attention.  One 
or  two  other  soldiers  came  up,  and  while  we  were  discussing  what 
was   best  to  do  with   him  he  ceased  to  breathe.     He  lived  not  more 


33©  Our   h'liiipsiiik. 

lluiii  six  mimilcs  aflcr  he  fell.  W'c  ihcn  moved  on,  IcMviiij;  the  life- 
less body  where  it  had  fr.llen.  I  was  inftJiiued  that  many  in  the  rear 
were  lying  unal)le  to  get  further.  About  sundown  we  came  to  a 
picket  post  of  our  army  in  the  vicinity  of  Jacksonville.  I  had  not 
felt  free  until  1  was  well  inside  the  lines  of  our  army,  for  I  did  not 
know  but  the  wheel  of  fate  would  yet  make  an  unfortunate  turn  and 
we  should  again  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  I  entered  Jack- 
sonville in  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  and  as  I  passed  along  a  street  I 
saw  a  colored  woman  carrying  half  of  a  large  fish.  I  begged  a  por- 
tion of  it  of  her  and  carried  it  into  camp  for  my  supper.  It  was 
fully  dark  when  I  found  my  comrades  in  cam[);  wagon  loads  of  light 
bread  were  issued  to  us  after  our  arrival,  and  barrels  of  good  coffee 
as  an  accompaniment.  This  and  the  fish  furnished  me  such  a  sup- 
per as  I  had  not  had  in  an  age. 

Next  day  a  force  was  sent  out  to  bring  in  those  of  the  prisoners 
who  had  l)ecome  exhausted  on  the  march.  I  was  told  that  five  poor 
fellows  had  died  on  the  march,  and  I  know  of  many  others,  nearly 
forty,  who  died  soon  after  reaching  Jacksonville.  The  excitement  of 
being  again  free  had  caused  many  to  over-exert  their  strength,  and 
the  frail  tenement  gave  way.  It  was  now  April  28th,  1865  ;  I  had 
been  taken  at  Chickamauga  September  20th,  1863,  making  my 
imprisonment  nineteen  months  and  eight  days.  1  am  safe  in  saying 
that  there  are  not  now  living,  of  all  the  thousands  who  suffered  as 
prisoners  of  war,  fifty  men  who  served  for  the  length  of  time  I  did, 
and  if  there  is  any  horror  in  all  the  long  list  of  sickness,  starvation 
and  untold  misery  which  fell  to  the  lot  of  any  of  my  fellow  prisoners, 
and  which  I  did  dot  suffer,  it  must  be  too  dreadful  to  be  told. 

At  Jacksonville  we  learned  that  the  war  was  about  ended,  that 
President  Lincoln  had  been  killed,  and  many  other  matters  of  public 
interest  had  transpired  of  which  we  had  been  ignorant.  We  remained 
a  month  longer  a  Jacksonville,  and  during  that  time  many  more  of 
our  number  died.  Many  who  were  unable  to  control  themselves  ate 
too  greedily,  and  not  a  few  caused  their  own  death  in  this  manner. 

From  Jacksonville  we  were  taken  by  hospital  boat  to  Annapolis, 
Maryland.  Here  we  learned  of  the  capture  of  Jeff.  Davis,  and  that 
the  war  was  ended.  Here  we  had  issued  to  us  new  clothing  and 
received  the  money  due  us  for  rations  during  our  imprisonment. 
This  was  twenty-five  cents  a  day  for  each  day  of  our  imprisonment. 
From  Annapolis  we  were  sent  to  Camj)  Chase,  near  Columbus.  Re- 
maining here  one  night,  I  next  day  took  the  train  for  my  home  at 
St.  Paris,  Ohio,  where  I  ^-rived  about  noon.  I  had  long  been 
regarded  by  my  friends  as  dead,  and  my  a[)pearance  among  them 
was  as  one  from  the  grave. 

This  is  my  story  of  prison  life.  I  have  made  no  effort  to  overdraw 
the  facts  in  any  part  of  it,  but  have  told  the  truth.  I  may  have 
stated  inaccuracies  regarding  dates,  distances,  names  and  other  minor 
matters,  but  my  discription  of  the  suffering  and  starvation  in  the 
prisons  where  I  suffered,  is  short  of  the  truth,  in  that  the  worst  cannot 
be  told.     If  the  living  could 'not  speak,  there  are  the  graves  of  an 


Our  Knapsack.  %%\ 

army  of  martyrs  at  Andersonville  which  tell  the  story  better  than  my 
feeble  pen  has  done  it.  In  thus  giving  to  the  public  this  simple 
narrative,  I  am  actuated  l)y  no  desire  to  stir  up  strife  or  to  engender 
bitter  feelings  toward  any  section  of  our  now  happy  country,  for  I 
believe  that  all  feelings  of  bitterness  should  be  buried  in  the.graveof 
forgetfulness.  Let  us  cherish  a  love  for  our  dear  country  and  its 
institutions,  the  preservation  and  perpetuation  of  which  has  cost  so 
much  blood  and  sacrafice  ;  and  in  the  language  of  our  country's  great 
founder,  let  us  "  frown  indignantly  upon  the  first  dawning  of  any 
attempt  to  alienate  any  portion  of  our  country  from  the  rest,  or  to 
enfeeble  the  sacred  ties  that  now  link  together  the  various  parts." 

It  is  a  source  of  regret  to  me  that  the  fortunes  of  war  placed  me 
where  I  did  not  share  in  the  crimson  glory  which  the  113th  O.  V.  I. 
won  on  so  many  well  fought  fields,  and  that  the  associations  I  had 
formed  among  the  membership  of  the  dear  old  command  should 
terminate  as  they  did,  never  to  be  renewed  again  until  the  final  reveille 
that  shall  awake  the  heroic.  Yours, 

J.  N.  Hall. 

SKETCHES  AND  RECOLLECTIONS. 

Bv   Major  J.  Swisher. 


North  Lewisburg,  O.,  April sth,  1884. 
Sergt.  F.  M.  McAdams,  Richwood,  Ohio, 

Dear  Sir  : — Allow  me  to  congratulate  you  on  the  near  approach  to 
completion  of  the  History  of  the  113th  Regiment,  O.  V.  I.  This 
work  cannot  fail  to  be  of  interest  to  every  member  of  the  Regiment. 
It  is  complete  in  detail — having  dealt  largely  in  facts  connected 
with  the  every-day  life  of  the  common  soldier,  facts  which  have  usually 
been  overlooked  by  the  historian.  You  ask  that  I  write  something 
for  the  Knapsack  in  the  form  of  personal  recollections  of  the  war. 
With  a  full  knowledge  that  I  may  write  of  many  facts  already  treated 
of  in  the  body  of  the  work,  I  shall  undertake  the  work  in  as  brief  a 
manner  as  possible. 

It  was  expected  early  in  the  Summer  of  1862,  that  a  draft  would 
have  to  be  resorted  to  in  order  to  fill  the  ranks  of  the  depleted 
regiments  in  the  field.  All  able  bodied  men  were  enrolled,  and 
officers  had  been  appointed  by  the  Government,  before  whom  any  one 
could  go  and  be  examined,  preparatory  to  exemption  from  military 
duty.  And  here  my  recollection  is  very  vivid.  Men  who  had  been 
known  to  be  regular  rounders,  and  boasted  of  their  prowess,  and  were 
noted  for  raising  a  row  whenever  they  could,  were  the  ones  who  filled 
the  exemption  offices;  and  it  was  learned  for  the  first  time,  that 
almost  every  other  man  was  ruptured,  or  in  some  way  was  totally 
unfit  to  perform  the  duties  of  a  soldier.  Others  had  a  front  tooth  out 
which  was  made  much  of  to  show  that  they  were  not  able  to  eat  hard 
tack  or  bite  a  cartridge.  Some  again  made  it  known  that  they  never 
had  been  able  to  stand  the  report  of  a  gun,  hence  unfit,  and  claimed 
exemption.     No  doubt  many  of  these  same  individuals  would  have 


332  Oin    Knapsack. 

g'^ne  to  the  dominions  of  Queen  Victoria,  l)ut  an  order  was  issued 
that  no  man  should  leave  the  I'nited  States  without  a  passport;  hut 
lo  the  credit  of  these  men,  many  of  tliem  went  into  I  lie  war  afterwards 
and  were  valiant  soldiers.    August  15,  1862,  V .  M.  McAdams,  Harrison 
AValburn  and  I  went  to  I'rbana  and  enlisted  under  John  S.  Leedijni, 
who  failed  to  go  himself.     On  the   2<Sth  of  .Xugust,  1862,   I    bid  fare- 
well  to  my   family  and   friends  and  boarded    the   train    at    Urbana. 
Here  we  met  a  number  of  men   from   St.    Paris,  whose  accpiaintance 
we  made  for  the  first  time,  an  ac(iuainlance,  which  through  the  trying 
ordeal   of    war   ripened   into   friendship,   which    will,   we   ho|)e,   last 
through  all  time.     We  were  now  to  give  up  our  personal  liberty,  and 
yield  ourselves  to  the  command  of   those  appointed  over  us.     We 
arrived  at  Columbus  the  same  evening  and  were  marched  at  once  to 
the  State  House,  and  from  thence  to  Camp  Chase.     W'e  were  about 
ninety  in  number  under  Captain  Riker.     Dur  first  night  was  i)assed 
without  tents  or  blankets,  but  being  warm  weather  we  suffered   no 
inconvenience.     During  our  stay  at  Camp  Chase,  which  lasted  about 
two  months,  we  were  almost  constantly  on  the  drill  grounds,  pre])ar- 
ing  for  the  duties  which  awaited   us  in   the  field.      Shortly   after  our 
arrival  in  camp,  an  election  was  held  for  the  (office  of  First  Lieutenant 
which  resulted  in  the  election  of  John   Bowersock.      Here  I  received 
a  warrant  as  First  Sergeant  of  Company  E.     My  recollections  of  the 
duties  of  an  orderly  sergeant  of  a  company  of    nien   fresh  from  citi- 
•  zen   life  are,  that  it  was  a  very  trying  one.     To  restrain  men  from  a 
liberty  they  had  enjoyed,  and  mould  them  to  military   discii)line  was 
not  an  enviable  task.     We  had  been  promised  a  local  bounty  as  soon 
as  mustered  in.     The  men  taking  enlistment  for  muster  expected  to 
be  paid  at  once.     The  local  authorities  of  Champaign  County,  from 
which  county  1  was  enlisted,  understood  it  was  to  be  paid  at  muster 
in  to  the  U.  S.  service.     This  caused  discontent,  and  men  refused  to 
be  restrained  under  a  contract  which  they  conceived  had  been    vio- 
lated  by   the   authorities.       Many  took   French   leave,  whilst  dlhevs 
were  at  home  on  furlough,  when  1  distinctly  recollect  being  the   only 
enlisted  man  of  Company  E  in  camp.     All,  however,  came  back  in  a 
few  days,  when   we  soon   moved  to   Camp   Zanesville.       "I'he   night 
before  starting,  Fred  Baldwin,  of  Company  E,  got  up  about  2  o'clock 
a.  m.,  as  he  claimed,  to  split  kindling,  he  was  so  anxious  to  be  ready 
to  go,  and  in  doing  so  he  cut  one  of  his  fingers  off.       I   recollect  the 
complimentary   remark  of    Dr.  Black  on  the  occasion  ;  lialdwin  was 
never  mustered  into  the  service,  but  was  sent  home  to  split  kindling. 
On  the  day  following  James  Edmonson  preached  the  funeral  sermon 
over  his  finger  from  the  text,  "If  thy  right  hand  offend  thee,  cut  it  off." 
The  congregation   was  large  but   the   mourners   few.      Arriving  at 
Camp  Zanesville  we  were  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  by  Captain 
Howard  and  received  our  local  bounty.     This  1  recollect  was   taken 
from  me  afterwards  on  being  promoted.     We  staid  here  but  a  short 
time;  but  while  here  some  of  the  boys  kicked  over  a  stove  and   set 
fire  to  the  quarters,  when  the  whole  camp  was  burned.     From  here 
we  went  to  Camp   Dennison.       Here   we   drew   our   first    mules   and 
wagons,  and  were  sent  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  from  thence   to   Mul- 


Our  Knapsack.  333 

drough  Hill  to  guard  a  bridge  just  rebuilt,  after  having  been  burned 
by  Morgan.  While  here  I  went  with  M.  G.  Doak  to  Dr.  Harlow  to 
have  a  tooth  pulled,  and  the  Doctor  by  the  light  of  a  candle  pulled 
two  before  he  got  the  right  one.  From  here  I  was  sent  back  to  Ohio 
in  company  with  W.  O.  Carpenter  to  look  after  men  absent  without 
leave.  Starting  from  Columbus  with  a  number  of  men  and  arriving 
at  Cincinnati  we  placed  them  in  the  barracks,  and  during  the  night 
in  a  drunken  row  among  the  men.  Reason  B.  Parker,  of  Company  E, 
(enlisted  as  musician)  had  his.  skull  broken,  from  which  he  died 
shortly  afterward  at  Louisville.  On  our  arrival  at  Louisville  we  met 
the  regiment  with  a  large  number  of  other  troops  ready  to  take  boat 
for  Nashville.  Our  regiment  went  aboard  the  steamer  St.  Patrick, 
the  flagship  of  the  squadron,  numbering  about  forty  vessels  and 
three  gunboats.  On  this  trip  I  remember  a  lottery  scheme  was  got- 
ten up  on  the  steamer  St.  Patrick  in  which  some  of  the  commis- 
sioned officers  were  leaders,  and  almost  every  man  invested  in  some 
of  the  tickets  ;  but  news  of  the  scheme  coming  to  Colonel  Wilcox 
the  money  was  refunded,  the  officers  placed  under  arrest  for  a  few 
days,  when  it  all  died  out.  On  our  arrival  at  Fort  Donalson  we 
found  the  83d  Illinois  Volunteers  at  that  place  engaged  in  a  desper- 
ate battle  with  the  Rebel  General  Forest,  who  was  intent  on  captur- 
ing the  fort  and  turning  the  guns  on  the  fleet  and  prevent  it 
ascending  the  river  to  re-enforce  Rosecrans  at  Murfreesboro;  but 
our  gunboats  arriving  in  time  threw  a  few  shells  among  the  rebels, 
killing  many  of  them,  when  they  raised  the  siege  and  retreated,  leav- 
ing the  S3d  Illinois  the  victors  of  the  contest.  Here  the  fleet  halted 
and  many  of  us  were  permitted  to  go  on  shore  and  view  the  battle- 
field, where  we,  for  the  first  time,  beheld  the  victims  of  warfare, 
strewn  dead  and  dying  over  the  field.  We  soon  arrived  at  Nash- 
ville with  banners  flying  and  bands  playing.  Before  leaving  the 
boat  Colonel  Wilcox  presented  me  with  a  Second  Lieutenant  commis- 
sion, which  was  to  me  a  very  agreeable  surprise.  We  marched  out 
about  three  miles  and  went  into  camp  for  the  night.  Here  Colonel 
Wilcox  took  his  final  leave  of  us,  and  Colonel  Mitchell  at  once 
assumed  command.  We  remained  here  but  one  day,  when  we  took 
up  our  line  of  march  for  Franklin,  Tenn.,  distant  eighteen  miles. 
We  remained  here  near  two  months,  in  the  meantime  drilling  and 
doing  picket  duty.  I  was  here  detailed  as  Quartermaster  of  the 
I  r3th  Regiment.  I  learned  here  of  the  death  of  Harrison  Walborn, 
who  had  been  left  at  Nashville  sick.  I  have  no  doubt  but  this  was 
a  case  of  death  from  home-sickness. 

1  have  many  pleasant  recollections  of  this  place,  Franklin  being 
a  very  beautiful  village,  situated  in  one  of  the  most  beautiful  coun- 
tries I  ever  beheld.  The  citizens  were  intensely  rebel,  and  took  no 
pains  to  conceal  it.  While  here  we  had  several  brushes  with  the 
rebels,  but  nothing  serious  or  verging  on  what  would  be  called  a 
battle.  Eleven  rebel  cavalry  .here  made  a  dash  through  our  out- 
posts and  through  town,  and  down  to  the  Harpeth  river,  and 
attempted  to  cross,  when  three  of  them  were  shot.     No  more  reckless 


334  ^^"'    ^'Kipsack. 

charge  was  made  during  the  war.  (."aptain  Riker  resigned  here,  and 
1  received  my  commission  as  First  Lieutenant,  and  Sergeant  McCrea 
was  commissioned  as  Second  Lieutenant  and  sent  home  on  recruiting 
service,  and  remained  away  till  October.  We  movetl  from  here  to 
Triune,  Tennessee,  about  the  middle  of  May,  and  remained  but  a 
short  time,  (ieneral  Rosecrans  having  advanced  on  Tullehoma,  we 
moved  to  Murfreesboro,  Tennessee,  where  Rosecrans  had  defeated 
the  rebel  army,  under  (Ieneral  Bragg,  six  months  before.  This  was 
a  fine  country  and  a  beautiful  village.  Here  (Ieneral  Mitchell  was 
sent  to  hospital  with  small-pox.  We  moved  from  here  to  Shelbyville, 
Te\inessee,  passing  on  our  way  the  church  where  Vallandigham  had 
been  passed  througli  the  lines,  that  he  might  join  with  his  rebel 
friends  in  talking  treason,  of  which  a  court  martial  had  found  him 
guilty  a  short  time  before.  We  lay  at  Shelbyville  for  some  time,  but 
were  compelled  to  leave  town,  where  we  first  took  up  our  quarters, 
on  account  of  the  fleas.  They  drove  us  out  of  town.  We  camped 
south  of  town  on  an  old  rebel  camp,  where  we  encountered  nothing 
worse  than  graybacks.  In  driving  the  rebels  out  of  town  and  across 
Duck  river,  many  of  them  were  killed  and  sunk  in  the  river.  I 
remember  the  body  of  one  having  washed  down  the  river  and  over 
a  dam,  and  the  returning  eddy  drew  it  back,  when  it  would  be  again 
thrown  out,  only  to  be  drawn  back  again.  This  was  continued  for 
several  days,  when  it  was  finally  taken  out  and  buried  on  the  bank 
of  the  river.  Here  several  of  our  men  came  near  being  taken  under 
by  this  returning  eddy  while  bathing  in  the  river,  among  them  Cap- 
tain Bowersock  and  David  Walker.  While  here  I  was  sent  out  by 
General  Whittaker  with  a  large  train,  on  Sunday,  with  the  98th  O. 
V.  L,  as  a  guard,  to  cut  a  field  of  oats  and  bring  it  in.  We  found 
four  McCormick  reapers  and  five  cradles,  impressing  the  owners  of 
the  machines,  with  their  teams,  to  run  them.  At  three  o'clock  we 
started  back  to  camp  with  forty  acres  of  oats  on  our  wagons.  Rose- 
crans having  moved  from  Tullahoma,  we  moved  to  Wartrace,  Ten- 
nessee, where  we  remained  but  a  short  time.  This  being  the  season 
of  roasting  ears,  peaches  and  blackberries,  we  fared  well.  The  grand 
advance  was  now  made  on  Chattanooga.  Up  to  this  time  we  had 
had  no  regular  supply  trains.  Each  regiment  was  allowed  thirteen 
wagons,  and  every  one  insisted  on  taking  and  having  hauled  for  him 
all  the  baggage  he  wanted — enough,  such  as  it  was,  to  supply  any 
family  in  starting  in  housekeeping.  On  our  first  day  out  it  was  found 
that  our  wagons  were  overloaded,  and  (ieneral  Steadman,  having 
assumed  command  of  our  division,  ordered  a  general  inspection. 
Colonel  W^arner,  who  was  in  command  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  at  that 
time,  accompanied  by  the  insjjecting  officer,  ordered  the  wagons 
unloaded  for  inspection.  It  was  rather  amusing,  as  the  Inspector 
])assed  along  the  line,  to  notice  the  vvoeful  countenances  of  the  men 
as  their  household  goods  were  ordered  to  l)e  left,  and  the  inspecting 
officer  indulged  in  various  epithets  not  complimentary  to  that  kind  of 
soldiering;  but  when  he  came  to  the  last  wagon,  commonly  called 
headquarters  wagon,  in  which  the  household  goods  of  Colonel  Warner 


Our  Knapsack.  335 

were  to  be  inspected,  he  found  the  fly  to  a  wall  tent  had  been  fastened 
to  two  large  rails  about  three  feet  ai)art,  which  formed  the  foundation 
to  Colonel  Warner's  bed.  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  the  insi)ecting 
officer  felt  like  the  man  who  was  going  up  hill  with  a  cart  load  of 
potatoes,  when  the  end-gate  came  out  and  sj)illed  them  all — that  he 
could  not  do  the  subject  justice — and  rode  silently  away.  Colonel 
Warner  did  not  have  these  loaded  in  the  wagon  again.  Our  march 
from  this  on  was  without  any  particular  incident  till  we  reached 
Chattanooga.  The  rebels  had  evacuated  that  place,  and  fallen  back 
to  Lafayette,  Georgia,  having  been  reinforced  by  Longstreet.  When 
near  Rossville  Gap,the  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  fought.  The  Reserve 
Corps  (commanded  by  General  Gordon  Granger),  of  which  our  brigade 
formed  a  part,  was  hurriedly  sent  through  Rossville  Gap,  and,  after  two 
days'  marching  and  counter-marching,  was,  on  Sunday,  September  20, 
1863,  thrown  into  the  conflict.  As  the  result  has  already  been 
written,  I  will  only  relate  a  few  instances  which  came  under  my  per- 
sonal observation.  When  the  conflict  was  raging  the  hottest,  three 
men  of  Company  E,  all  red  headed — namely:  Thomas  Scott,  David 
Chatfield  and  Frank  Russel — were  charging  on  the  rebel  hosts,  when 
I  heard  Scott  make  the  remark  that  "  us  read  headed  fellows  could 
stand  it  as  well  as  any,"  when,  at  the  same  instant,  Russel  was 
killed,  Scott  was  wounded,  and  Chatfield  had  his  blanket  riddled 
with  bullets.  Another  instance  1  will  give  to  show  the  nice  part 
rank  played  in  the  army.  Our  lines  were  being  hard  pressed.  Col- 
onel Mitchell  sent  me  to  tell  Captain  Burton  to  remove  his  battery 
from  the  field.  I  delivered  the  order  direct,  and  Captain  Burton 
paid  no  attention  to  it.  I  then  said  :  "Colonel  Mitchell  directs  that 
you  move  your  battery  off  the  field  at  once."  He  obeyed  the  order 
immediately.  He  out-ranked  me.  After  the  battle  we  moved  to 
Chattanooga,  and  remained  there  till  the  25th  of  November,  when 
the  rebels  were  hurled  in  dismay  from  Mission  Ridge.  While  lying 
in  Chattanooga,  I  received  an  order  from  General  Garfield  to  report 
at  General  Rosecrans'  quarters  immediately.  This  was  at  twelve 
o'clock  at  night.  Arriving  there,  I  was  told  that  there  were  1,100 
broken  down  artillery  and  cavalry  horses  that  must  be  taken  back  to 
Stevenson,  Alabama,  and  that  I  must  take  charge  of  them,  and  col- 
lect forage  from  the  country  and  have  them  fed  till  further  orders. 
This  I  successfully  accomplishetl,  but,  not  liking  the  job,  I  sought 
the  first  opportunity  to  be  relieved.  Major  Sullivant,  Lieutenant 
McC'rea  and  Sergeant  Parr,  coming  from  Ohio  on  their  way  to  join 
the  regiment,  I  turned  my  charge  over  to  Captain  F>stap,  of  the  8th 
Indiana  Battery,  and  started  with  them  for  Chattanooga.  At  Jasper, 
Tennessee,  we  fell  in  company  with  a  man  going,  he  said,  to  Chat- 
tanooga, and  who  wanted  to  accompany  us.  He  insisted  on  going 
the  river  road  instead  of  taking  the  circuitous  route  over  the  Sequatchie 
Mountain.  We  suspicioned  he  was  seeking  to  lead  us  into  a  trap. 
A  consultation  was  held  among  us,  in  which  it  was  agreed  that  the 
most  dire  vengeance  should  be  inflicted  on  him  at   the   first  sign  of 


^^6  ()ur   Kiiiipsiuk. 

treachery.      He,  seeing  i)ur  suspicions,  luillcd  a  puss  iVoni  under  the 
lining  of  his  hut,  which  read  as  follows: 

*'  I'a^s  (.)"(  umiel  day  or  iiij^'lu.      rciuliariiy,  linj^iT  oil  the  ri^'lit  liaiiil. 

( ii-.<ii<i.i,    II.     I'niiMAs, 

Mai.  l/'i//.  L'omiiuiiidinj;.''^ 

He  pr()\ed  tu  i)e  a  nuinber  one  man,  and  had  been  through  the 
rebel  army  as  a  sjjy  and  was  ou  his  way  back  to  report  to  Cieneral 
'I'honias.  'I'he  river  road,  however,  proved  a  very  dangerous  one. 
'I'he  rebels,  armed  with  long  ranged  guns,  held  the  south  side  of  the 
Tennessee  river,  and  were  able  to  shoot  across  and  make  it  dangerous 
to  travel  the  river  road,  which  ran  along  the  river  bank;  hence  we 
were  forced  to  travel  all  day  on  the  side  of  the  mountain,  the 
whole  time  being  subjected  to  a  continuous  fire,  which  came 
uiuomforlai)ly  close.  I  had  a  horse  to  lead  which  stumbled  in 
between  some  rocks,  a.nd  being  unable  to  get  out.  Sergeant  Parr  shot  it. 
I  carried  the  saddle  till  night,  when  camjnng  with  some  soldiers  we 
had  come  up  with,  it  was  stolen.  Arriving  at  Chattanooga,  I  was  sent 
back  immediately  to  Stevenson,  Alabama  with  a  sui)[)ly  train.  We 
had  to  make  a  circuitous  route  of  si.xty-eight  miles  to  get  a  distance  of 
twenty-eight.  While  on  the  Seciuatchie  mountain  we  met  (General 
(•rant  and  staff  on  their  way  to  Chattanooga  to  assume  conuiiand  of 
the  army  at  that  |)lace.  On  the  trip  to  Stevenson,  the  roads  being 
bad  and  the  mules  in  a  bad  condition,  we  were  comi)elled  to  abandon 
some  of  the  wagons,  and  the  mules  were  shot,  being  unable  to  travel, 
and  we  did  not  wish  to  leave  them  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  citi- 
zens. On  our  way  back  we  stopped  at  Jasper,  Tennessee.  While 
sleeping  by  the  side  of  a  peach  tree  to  which  I  had  tied  my  horse, 
Colonel  Ray's  East  Tennessee  Cavalry,  stationed  at  that  place,  moved 
and  stole  my  horse.  It  was  on  this  trip,  and  while  at  Stevenson, 
Alabama,  that  I  hailed  with  delight  many  of  my  old  neighbors  whom 
1  had  not  seen  for  two  years.  'I'hey  were  a  |>art  of  General  Hooker's 
forces,  on  their  way  from  the  Army  of  the  Patomac  to  reinforce  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland.  The  army  now  reinforced  by  the 
Fifteenth  Corps  and  Hooker's  troops  and  (ieneral  Crant  in  command 
moved  on  November  26th  against  Bragg's  army  on  Mission  Ridge  and 
Lookout  Mountain,  gaining  a  complete  victory  and  sending  the  reljels 
in  complete  dismay,  closely  pursued  by  our  forces,  to  Ringgold. 
Sherman  was  now  sent  to  Kno.wiMe  to  relieve  General  Durnsides. 
On  this  trip  I  served  on  the  staff  of  (ieneral  Heatty  as  Commissary. 
1  gathered  meat,  molasses,  tlour,  meal,  (^c,  from  the  country  to  feed 
the  brigade.  Of  course  the  reader  will  understand  when  I  say  I  did 
it,  that  I  only  supervised  or  assissted,  as  I  had  all  the  help  I  wanted 
and  every  man  a  hero.  To  do  this  it  was  sometimes  necessary  to 
gather  the  grain  and  grind  it.  At  one  time  1  had  four  mills  impressed 
into  the  service  and  running;  others  were  doing  the  same.  We 
entered  smoke  houses,  meal  chests  and  granaries  ;  this  seemed  hard 
to  take  the  last  bite  from  these  ftimilies,  but  we  were  marching  to 
relieve  a  starving  fortress  and  we  must  eat.  Necessity  knows  no 
law.     Our  orders   were  to  leave  each   family   four  days   rations;    I 


Our  Knapsack.  337 

doubt  whether  this  was  always  done.  As  an  incident  of  this  cam- 
l)aign,  I  recollect  being  in  a  smoke  house,  contending  with  a  man  about 
the  division  of  a  barrel  of  Sorghum  molasses  ;  talking,  this  matter 
over  after  the  war  with  James  Madden,  I  found  it  was  he  with  whom 
I  had  contended  about  the  molasses.  1  knew  him  not  at  the  time, 
though  we  had  been  raised  boys  together.  Nearing  Knoxville, 
Oeneral  Longstreet  raised  the  siege  and  moved  off  toward  Virginia, 
closely  followed  by  the  Fourth  Corps  under  General  Granger;  the 
remainder  of  the  troops  moved  leisurely  back  toward  Chattanoogo. 
On  the  march  back,  while  out  with  a  supply  train,  we  stopped  at  the 
house  of  a  good-natured  Tennessean  to  feed  our  teams  and  load  our 
wagons  with  corn.  He  asked  me  to  take  a  walk  with  him  ;  going  some 
distance  in  the  woods  he  went  to  a  brush  heap  from  which  he  took  a 
jug  of  applejack  and  treated  me  in  princely  style.  While  this  was 
taking  place  the  teamsters  had  learned  from  the  negroes  that  there 
was  a  barrel  of  applejack  under  the  floor.  They  were  not  long  in 
getting  this  in  the  wagon.  We  started  to  camp,  and  I  was  surprised 
when  one  of  the  teamsters  called  me  to  the  wagon  and  offered  to 
treat  me  from  the  same  jug  I  had  been  treated  from  an  hour  before. 
They  had  watched  us  and  profited  by  it. 

As  is  generally  the  case  with  spirits  this  came  very  near  getting 
me  into  trouble.  Having  a  warm  friendship  for  the  1 13th,  I  divided 
the  applejack  among  the  members  of  the  113th,  and  if  one  can  judge 
by  the  songs  sung  and  stories  told  around  the  camp  fires  that  night 
it  had  a  good  effect.  This  coming  to  the  ears  of  General  Jeff.  C. 
Davis,  he  sent  for  me  and  reprimanded  me  pretty  sharply  for  not 
turning  the  spirits  over  to  division  headquarters  for  the  use  of  the 
Medical  Director;  but  it  was  too  late,  the  113th  had  been  ,sick  and 
cured.  We  arrived  in  Chattanooga,  on  the  south  side  of  Tennessee 
river,  to  find  the  bridge  swept  away,  and  we  were  compelled  to  camp 
on  the  bank  of  the  river.  The  weather  had  turned  very  cold. 
Many  of  the  men  were  barefooted,  having  worn  their  shoes  out  on 
the  campaign.  Rations  were  issued  at  ten  o'clock  at  night,  and  we 
had  to  go  at  least  two  miles  to  get  wood  to  cook  our  supper  with.  I 
will  relate  another  incident  here  which  took  place  on  the  night  before 
the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge.  Lieutenant  McCrea,  Sergeant  Parr, 
and  I  started  to  cross  the  Tennessee  river  to  Chattanooga.  For 
some  cause  Lieutenant  McCrea  and  I  returned  to  camp  and  crossed 
on  the  bridge  afterward.  Sergeant  Parr  going  over  on  a  swinging 
ferry.  When  the  boat  was  within  a  few  rods  of  the  southern  shore 
it  was  capsized  and  he  with  others,  was  drowned.  We  now  went  into 
our  old  ([uarters,  but  were  [)ermitted  to  remain  but  a  few  days,  when 
we  moved  south  of  the  Tennessee  and  put  up  winter  quarters  near 
Crawfish  Springs.  While  here  we  were  daily  receiving  new  recruits. 
One  instance  1  recollect  of  one  of  these  recruits  asking  an  old  sol- 
dier where  he  could  get  sonie  washing  done.  The  old  veteran,  see- 
ing an  opportunity  for  some  fun,  told  him  Jim  Morgan  did  the 
washing  for  the  division.  The  old  veteran  pointed  out  Morgan's 
quarters  and  told  the  recruit  that  he  would  find  a  guard  in  front  of  his 

40 


3.^*^  ( ^"'    Kiiitpnick. 

lent,  thai  he  was  always  kc])l  iiiulcr  ^uaid  so  tlial  lie  would  be  ready 
to  do  any  washing  when  called  on.  Arriving  at  (ieiieral  Morgan's  head- 
([iiarters  he  was  accosted  by  that  stern  -old  hero  as  to  what  he 
wanted.  The  soldier  replied  that  he  had  come  to  get  him  to  do  some 
washing,  deneral  Morgan  assured  him  that  he  was  mistaken,  that 
he  was  commander  of  the  division.  The  soldier  retorted  that  it  was 
no  use  for  him  to  play  that  on  him,  that  he  was  told  he  would  try  to 
get  out  of  it,  and  insisted  on  his  doing  the  washing.  (General 
Morgan,  seeing  that  the  recruit  was  the  victim  of  a  practical  joke  by 
some  old  soldier,  and  told  him  he  was  being  victimized  and  asked 
him  if  he  could  [)oint  out  the  soldier  who  had  sent  him  there.  He 
said  he  could.  The  (leneral  sent  a  guard  with  him,  with  direc;tions 
to  bring  the  culprit  to  headquarters.  The  guard  soon  brought  him, 
when  (ieneral  Morgan  reprimanded  him  pretty  severely,  and  ordered 
the  guard  to  have  the  clothes  of  the  headcpuirter  guard  hunted  up 
(about  twenty  in  number),  and  take  the  man  to  Crawfish  springs  and 
see  that  he  washed  them  all.  As  this  was  a  cold  day  in  March,  and 
he  was  compelled  to  do  the  washing,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  he  never 
played  any  more  jokes  of  that  kind.  During  our  stay  at  Crawfish 
Springs  1  went  several  times  over  the  battlefields  of  Chickamauga 
and  Mission  Ridge.  I  found  soldiers  that  had  never  been  buried, 
others  who  had  been  buried  so  slightly  that  their  bodies  were  ex- 
posed. I  found  the  grave  of  Captain  Wells,  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I., 
who  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  and  fell  into  tlie 
rebels'  hands  and  died,  and  was  buried  and  the  grave  marked  by 
Sergeant  Hall,  who  was  also  a  prisoner  in  their  hands.  1  acxom- 
panied  a  party  from  the  North  the  next  spring  to  the  grave  of  Captain 
Wells.  .  They  took  his  body  North  and  buried  it  among  his  friends. 
The  army  was  now  reorganized  and  we  became  a  part  of  the  Four- 
teenth Corps.  Colonel  Mitchell  returning  from  the  North,  assumed 
command  of  the  brigade.  I  was  mustered  as  Quartermaster  of  the 
113th  O.  V.  1.,  and  detailed  as  Quartermaster  of  the  brigade,  which 
position  1  held  till  the  close  of  the  war,  and  I  cannot  express  in 
terms  too  strong  my  appreciation  of  the  uniform  kindness  with  which 
he  treated  me.  The  summer  cam[)aign  of  1864  opened  with  an  ad- 
vance on  Atlanta,  distance  138  miles  through  a  mountainous  country 
consisting  of  almost  continuous  fighting  on  some  part  of  the  line, 
and  in  many  places  there  were  [>itched  Inittles  fought.  At  Kenesaw 
Mountain  the  1 13th  suffered  heavy  loss.  Captain  Howersock 
and  Sergeant  Clay  Scott  were  killed  here;  I  had  the  latter  buried 
at  Big  Shanty  in  a  coffin  constructed  by  myself.  1  had  also  made  a 
coffin  for  Lieutenant  Piatt  a  iiiw  days  before,  and  had  him  buried 
near  where  he  fell.  1  mention  these  facts  as  being  perhaps  the  only 
men  of  the  i  13th  who  fell  in  battle  that  the  op[)orlunity  was  afforded 
to  accord  that  kind  of  burial.  For  the  consolation  of  those  who  had 
friends  die  in  the  army  I  can  assure  them  the  best  was  always  done 
that  could  be  under  the  circumstances.  After  the  battle  of  Kenne- 
saw    Mountain    the    rebel  army   fell  back   through    Marietta.       Just 


Our  Knapsack.  339 

before  arriving  at  Marietta  I  was  captured  and  released  in   the  fol- 
lowing manner : 

As  the  rebel  army  passed  south,  about  iorty  of  their  number  fell 
out  of  ranks,  and  remained  hidden  in  the  woods  till  our  troops  passed, 
when  they  came  out  just  as  I  was  riding  along  some  distance  ahead 
of  the  train,  which  had  not  yet  arrived.  They  ordered  me  to  sur- 
render, but,  before  I  had  been  ordered  to  dismount.  Captain  Benja- 
min, in  charge  of  a  heavy  train  guard,  came  around  a  turn  in  the 
road  in  full  sight  and  took  the  rebels  prisoners.  Of  the  many  inci- 
dents which  took  place  from  this  to  the  capture  I  might  speak,  but.  I 
will  pass  them  by  and  notice  the  transfer  of  our  division  to  Chatta- 
nooga, and  from  thence  to  Florence,  Alabama,  after  General  Forrest. 
While  at  Chattanooga  we  drew  clothing.  Here  I  acted  as  Division  and 
Brigade  Quartermaster,  ably  assisted  by  F.  M.  McAdams.  I  will  relate 
an  incident  to  show  how  little  the  average  citizen  knew  of  the  duties  of 
soldier  life  or  how  we  did  business.  James  O.  Sampson,  from  Urbana, 
Ohio,  was  trying  to  join  the  66th  at  Atlanta,  where  he  had  an  ap- 
pointment as  clerk  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  Unable  to 
get  through  to  the  front,  he  asked  me  for  a  situation,  which  I  gave 
him.  He  wanted  to  know  where  his  office  would  be.  I  told  him  his 
office  would  be  under  the  canopy  of  Heaven ;  his  office  chair,  the 
saddle;  a  lead  pencil  and  memorandum  book  his  office  fixtures; 
the  ground  his  bed,  and  his  chances  for  delicacies  in  the  culinary 
department  were  such  as  would  not  be  an  aid  to  dyspepsia.  He  did 
not  accept  the  situation.  We  started  down  Broomtown  Valley  towards 
Lafayette,  Georgia ;  on  our  road  to  Florence,  Alabama.  Colonel 
Mitchell  went  home  on  leave  of  absence.  Colonel  Pearce,  98th  O.  V. 
I.,  assuming  command  of  the  brigade.  This,  to  the  staff  of  General 
Mitchell  was  not  agreeable,  as  we  were  never  able  to  get  along  with 
Colonel  'Pearce.  He,  no  doubt,  would  have  dismissed  every  one  of 
us,  but  he  knew  his  term  of  service  as  brigade  commander  was  of 
short  duration.  The  campaign  to  Florence  was  without  incident 
worthy  of  note,  except  the  building  of  a  bridge  across  the  river  at 
Athens  after  night.  This  was  accomplished  and  the  cars  passed 
over  it  next  morning.  Captain  Banker,  121st  O.  V.  I.,  supervised 
the  building  When  we  marched  into  Florence  the  citizens  closed 
their  windows,  and  refused  to  look  at  the  troops  march  through  the  town. 
The  bands  played  and  banners  waved  all  the  same.  Forrest  hav- 
ing left  Tennessee,  we  retraced  our  steps,  and  met  Sherman  at 
Gaylesville,  Alabama,  with  the  main  army.  While  here  the  soldiers, 
as  was  their  custom,  commenced  tearing  down  buildings  and  putting 
up  shanties,  as  if  they  were  to  stay  always.  I  heard  Genernl  Davis 
remark  to  General  Sherman  that  the  soldiers  were  committing  depre- 
dations, tearing  down  houses,  etc.  Sherman  remarked  that  it  was  all 
right — that  those  houses  now  only  held  one  family,  but  they  would  soon 
make  habitations  for  a  dozen.  It  was  this  spirit  that  made  Sherman 
a  favorite  with  the  soldiers.  He  looked  on  war  as  cruel — as  a  thing 
that  could  not  be  refined,  and  meant  destruction.  From  this  place 
the  Fourth   and  Twenty-third   Corps  were  sent    to  Nashville  U^  look 


340  Our  Knapsack. 

aftL'r  Hood's  army,  and  tlic  Fourteenth,  Kifteentli,  Seventeenth  and 
'Twentieth  CtJrps,  under  Shernum.  started  to  Atlanta.  At  Kingston, 
deorgia,  the  railroad  and  telegraph  were  t  ut  and  connection  severed 
with  the  outside  world,  and  we  started  on  what  appeared  to  the  out- 
side world  a  hazardous  undertaking,  hut  whii  h,  ni  fac  I,  jiroveil  the 
holiday  campaign  of  the  war. 

IJefore   starting  south  from   Atlanta   I    received  a  commission  as 
captain  and  was  assigned  to  Company  E,  but  still  continued  in  the 
Quartermaster  Department.       Atlanta  was  a  grand  sheet  of   flame 
as   we   left   it.       The  camjjaign   to  Savannah    of   two    hundred    and 
ninety-one  miles  was  made  by  easy  marches  and  little   fighting.      We 
lived  principally  Ijy  foraging  off  the  country  through  which  we  passed 
until   on   the   twenty-first  of    December  we  entered    Savannah,  and 
(ieneral  Sherman  presented  the  city  as  a  Christmas  gift  to  the  Presi- 
dent.     1  now  obtained  a  leave  of  absence  for  twenty  days  and  started 
home  by  the  way  of  New  Vork.     On  board  the  steamer  was  a  soldier 
from   Minnesota  who  gave  me  the  following  incident.    ,He  said   a 
northern    copperhead    had    made    some    light    remarks    to    his    wife 
impugning   his  motives  in  going  into  the  service  ;    that  his  objects 
were  purely  mercenary.     He  said  he  wrote  to  him  offering  him  one 
hundred  dollars  to  enlist   as  he   had  done,  five  hundred   dollars   to 
stand  for  one  hour  where  he  had  stood  all  day,  and  he  said  he  wrote 
to  him  that  he  would  give  him  a  d — d  licking  any   way  if  he  ever 
got  home,  and  now  he  said  I  am  now  on   my   way   home  to  perform 
the  last  part  of  the  promise.     Judging  from  his  make  up,  he  did  it  no 
doubt.      Returning  after  twenty  days  I  found  the  army  on  its  march 
through  South  Carolina.      1  overtook  the  army  at  Sisters  Ferry  on  the 
Savannah  river.      Here  Cieneral  Mitchell  returned  a  full  brigadier,  and 
took  command  of  the  brigade  to  the  no  small  satisfaction  of  the  staff. 
While  lying  here   W.   R.   Cassady    wrote   his    parody   on    Sherman's 
famous  order,  which    is   published   in   the   body   of  this   work.     Our 
march  through  South.  Carolina  was  amid  fire  and  smoke  on  every  side. 
But  little  restraint  was  exercised  over  the  whole  army  concentrated 
at  Columbia,  and  that  part  of  the  army  under  Slocum,  to  which  we 
l)elonged,  was  not   permitted  to  pass  through  the  city.       I    recollect 
distinctly  that  Columbia  was  burning  while  our  troops  were  south  of 
the  river  shelling  the  city,  and  before  the  Seventeenth  Corps  crossed 
over.      From  here  our  march  was  rapid,  taking  the  same  route  that 
General  (ireen  retreated  on  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.      When  we 
arrived  in  North  Carolina  a  different  sj^rit  seemed  to  j^ossess  the  men. 
There  always  had  appeared  to  be  a  strong  Union  sentiment  smothered 
in   this   State.     At   Averysboro'  and    Bentonville    we    had  two  sharp 
engagements  with  the  rebels,  which,  however,  were  our  last.      1    was 
here  for  some  days  in  company  with  Colonel  Barnwell  Rhett  of  South 
(Carolina,  who  had  fallen  into  our  hands  as  a  prisoner;    he  remained 
with  me  for  a  number  of  days  without  the  restriction  of  a  guard,  and 
was  a  very  agreeable  gentleman.     We  were  overjoyed  in  a  few  days 
at  the  news  of  the  surrender  of  Lee  and   Johnson.       We  knew  the 
war  was  over  and  that  we  would  soon   be   ])ermitted   to  return   home 


Our  Knapsack.  341 

and  join  our  families  from  which  a  cruel  war  had  separated  us. 
Universal  rejoicing  took  possession  of  the  troops,  marred  only  by  the 
news  of  the  assassination  of  the  President.  We  marched  rapidly  north 
to  Manchester,  south  of  Richmond,  when  we  halted  a  day  or  two,  and 
while  here  two  men  of  the  113th  Regiment,  whose  names  I  withhold, 
were  arrested  and  afterward  court-marshaled  for  saying  they  would 
like  to  dance  on  Lincoln's  coffin.  We  visited  Richmond  and  the 
house  lately  deserted  by  Jeff  Davis ;  we  also  visited  the  capital  where 
the  Rebel  Congress  had  done  so  much  of  evil.  On  our  way  to 
Washington  I  recollect  standing  in  a  school  house  where  the  citizens 
claimed  Patrick  Henry  made  his  maiden  speech.  This  was  the  story 
but  I  always  thought  the  house  had,  in  the  hundred  years  intervening, 
been  rebuilt  several  times.  We  passed  over  many  of  the  battle  fields 
where  the  Army  of  the  Patomac  had  won  renown.  We  arrived  in 
Washington  and  passed  in  review  before  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  his  cabinet  and  foreign  ministers.  Here  I  received  a  commis- 
sion as  Brevet  Major  in  United  States  staff  department.  The  work 
for  which  I  enlisted  being  now  finished,  I  tendered  my  resignation, 
which  was  accepted  June  14,  1865,  and  I  was  once  more  a  citizen, 
feeling  that  1  had  done  my  whole  duty  while  in  the  service.  I  now 
recollected  that  many  had  predicted  evils  to  result  from  turning  so 
many  loose,  fresh  from  the  field  of  fame  and  glory,  as  citizens.  But 
time  has  fully  developed  the  fact  that  the  great  mass  of  men  were 
better  for  having  been  in  the  war,  and  are  doing  what  comes  in  their 
way  to  make  and  maintain  this  as  the  grandest  government  in  the 
world.  Having  written  entirely  from  memory  there  may  be  some 
inaccuracies  as  to  dates,  but  I  feel  confident  that  the  greater  part 
will  be  found  correct. 


THE  CHARGE  AT  KENESAW,  AND  OTHER  ITEMS. 


I'.v   LiEi  TKN.'VNi    W.   H.  Baxter. 


In  making  the  following  remarks,  the  reader  must  not  suppose  that 
I  e.xjject  to  state  something  that  no  one  else  has  seen  or  ex{>erienced, — 
such  is  not  the  case.  I  merely  wish  to  preserve  for  ourselves  and 
other  readers  the  experiences  common  to  so  many,  and  relate  matters 
that  others  took  part  in.  Each  writer  expresses  himself  as  no  other 
does,  and  thus  of  an  affair  of  numerous  actors,  each  may  be 
interesting  in  his  way.     This  by  way  of  preface. 

At  one  o'clock  A.  M.,  Sunday,  June  26,  1864,  the  113th  Regiment 
left  the  works  immediately  before  Little  Kenesaw  Mountain,  where 
for  six  days  it  had  been  occupying  one  i)osition,  subject  to  frecpient 
shelling  and  incurring  some  loss. 

Withdrawing  from  its  works  the  regiment  marched  to  the  right 
about  three  miles,  to  the   vicinity  of  what   is  now  called  Cheatham's 


34  i  Our  Knapsack. 

Hill.  Tlic  ivj;inicnt  lialtcd  aiul  went  into  encampment  about  five 
oVlock  A.  M.,  near  sonte  l)reasl works  a  considerable  distaiue  in  rear 
of  tlie  front  line  and  out  of  range  of  hullels  and  shells. 

We  felt  relieved  to  be  once  nnjre  out  of  range.  All  day  Sunday 
was  a  day  of  rest.  The  men  were  free  to  enjoy  it,  and  many 
improved  it  by  visiting  other  regiments  near  where  they  had  friends. 
Several  came  over  from  the  66th  Ohio,  which  belonged  to  the  'I'wen- 
tieth  Corps,  and  some  of  our  men  went  over  to  that  regiment.  Many 
took  a  bath  in  a  small  creek  not  far  off,  many  also  writing  to  friends 
at  home.  The  day  was  a  bright,  pleasant  one,  and  all  spent  the  day 
ipiite  comfortably,  considering  the  circumstances. 

Thus  Sunday  |)assed.  The  sun  went  down,  night  came,  and  the 
hundreds  lay  down  to  sleep,  the  last  sleep,  alas,  for  many.  All 
unconst:ious  and  unknowing  of  the  dreadful  scenes  whicli  the  morrow 
would  bring  forth. 

'IMie  sun  rose  on  Monday  the  27th  of  June,  1864,  bright  and  clear. 
The  men  went  about  the  duties  of  the  morning  untroubl<;d  by  the 
knowledge  that  a  dreadful  enterprise  had  been  planned  for  them,  had 
been  ordered,  and  that  in  three  or  four  hours  many  of  them  would 
be  still  in  death  or  suffering  with  shocking  wounds. 

The  writer  had  no  knowledge  of  what  was  before  us  until  M.  N. 
Benjamin,  captain  on  (General  Mitchell's  staff,  rode  up  to  me  and 
told  me  that  a  charge  had  been  ordered,  and  that  when  the  bugle 
shall  sound  it  will  be  to  fall  in,  in  order  to  march  to  the  front  line, 
whence  the  charge  will  start. 

When  the  bugle  notes  did  ring  clear  and  loud  through  the*  regi- 
ment and  brigade  the  signal  of  "  fall  in,"  I  knew  what  ordeal  lay 
before  us.  Company  K  fell  into  line  at  conipany  (piarters  and  were 
counted  off.  According  to  my  recollection,  when  the  company  first 
fell  into  line,  we  had  si.xty-three  men,  including  the  two  commissioned 
officers  in  charge  of  the  company — the  First  and  Second  Lieutenants. 
On  the  way  from  where  we  camped  to  the  front  line,  where  the 
charge  started,  the  regiment  halted  several  times.  The  actions  of 
many  discovered  that  serious  thoughts  were  in  men's  minds.  We 
all  knew  that  some,  perhaps  very  many,  would  fall.  But  who.'  1  or 
my  neighbor.' 

On  our  way  to  the  front  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  Company  K., 
under  plea  of  necessity,  retired  to  the  brush  near  by  and  failed  to 
return.  He  thus  escaped  the  fight  but  was  reduced  to  the  ranks.  I 
think  Company  K.,  when  it  went  into  the  charge,  had  sixty  men,  in- 
cluding the  two  commissioned  officers  mentioned.  The  captain  was 
excused  from  duty  that  morning  by  the  surgeon  of  the  regiment. 

In  due  time  we  arrived  at  our  front  line  of  breast  works,  and,  halt- 
ing, sat  or  lay  down  behind  them.  Before  us  were  the  woods; 
within  that  woods  were  the  rebel  skirmishers,  and  somewhere  behind 
those  skirmishers  were  their  strong  works  and  their  troops. 

W^e  sat  there  some  time,  I  should  think  twenty  minutes  at  least, 
perhaps  longer.  Writing  now  but  a  few  months  less  than  twenty 
years  after  the  affair,  part  of  the  scene  seems  (piite  vivid  in  iny  mind. 


Our  Knapsack.  343 

Skirmishing  was  going  on  in  the  woods  in  our  front.  Several  men 
were  brought  hack  wounded.  All  felt  serious.  There  was  but  little 
laughing  or  joking  while  waiting  there.  While  all  knew  the  desperate 
work  before  them,  and  while  the  question  in  every  mind  was,  who 
will  escape  safe  and  who  not,  each  hoping  the  best,  yet  courage  and 
resolution  was  on  the  faces  of  the  men.  The  situation  of  waiting  and 
reflecting  under  those  circumstances,  is  much  more  trying  on  men 
than  an  immediate  advance. 

Finally,  "  forward  "  was  commanded.  Over  the  breast-work  we 
jumped,  and  onward  into  the  woods,  and  toward  the  rebel  works  we 
took  our  course.  The  morning  was  hot,  our  march  hurried,  and  some 
of  the  men  began  to  feel  exhausted  after  a  time.  Occasionally  a 
man  vvould  stumble  over  some  obstruction,  and  several  times  the 
writer  found  it  necessary  to  encourage  and  urge  such  on.  Men  be- 
gan to  fall.  I  remember  well  seeing  Stephen  Barr.  He  fell  full 
length  and  lay  with  his  head  to  the  foe,  his  lace  turned  partly  \\\)- 
ward,  his  rifle  by  his  side.  He  had  been  shot  dead  through  the  head 
near  the  eye.  He  died  a  christian  soldier;  for  while  in  camp  and 
during  the  campaign  he  daily,  almost,  made  his  Testament  his  study 
and  led  a  consistent  life.  It  was  not  the  rule  for  our  men  to  devote 
much  time  to  religious  matters.  The  majority  .sought  to  be  respecta- 
ble men,  but  did  not  trouble  themselves  much  about  religion,  at  least 
outwardly. 

A  few  paces  from  Barr,  Hiram  Hancock  lay  dead,  also  shot 
through  the  head,  in  the  forehead.  But  we  did  not  stop  for  these,  or 
others,  but  pressed  on. 

Although  twenty  years  ago,  I  remember  the  thoughts  [)assing 
through  my  mind  at  the  time  I  was  wounded.  In  all  dangerous 
places  it  had  been  my  strong  desire  to  live  long  enough  to  know  that 
victory  was  ours.  My  thoughts  in  this  instance  were  similar.  They 
ran  :  This  is  a  pretty  hot  place  ;  I  don't  know  whether  I  will  get  out 
or  not ;  if  I  am  killed  1  will  not  know  anything  about  the  result  and 
it  will  make  no  difference,  but  if  I  am  wounded  1  will  know  the  result, 
so  there  is  no  use  thinking  about  the  consequences,  but  take  what 
comes.  Suddenly  occurred  a  great  shock  like  the  terrific  jar  of  a 
peal  of  thunder  close  at  hand.  I  took  a  step  forward  and  found  my 
foot  give  way  under  me  and  I  fell  to  the  ground.  At  once  I  knew  I 
had  been  wounded.  Immediately  examining  the  wound,  i  found 
both  bones  of  my  leg  smashed  into  pieces  a  few  inches  above  the 
ankle.  Fearing  that  1  might  bleed  to  death,  I  rolled  up  my  trowscr 
leg  above  my  knee,  took  a  silk  handkerchief  from  my  pocket,  tied  it 
tightly  about  my  leg  just  below  the  knee,  and,  breaking  off  a  stem  of 
a  bush,  used  it  as  a  lever  to  twist  the  bandage  so  tight  that  all  How 
of  blood  was  stopj^ed. 

Immediately  after  1  was  wounded  th'_-  charge  f;iiled,and,  men  scat- 
tering, sought  safety  as  best  they  could.  While  bandaging  my.  leg, 
a  member  of  my  company,  John  Tway,  came  up,  and  waiting  a  mo- 
ment until  I  had  finished,-  helped  me  back  some  distance  until  he 
gave  out.     The  day  was  hot  and  he  was  not  strong.     Then  Sergeant 


344  ^^'^'    J^tidpiiii/c. 

HarltLT  assislcd  nic  ;i  sliort  clist;in«x"  until,  on  his  sayinj;  lie  was  ex- 
luuisU'd,  1  told  him  to  leave  nie  antl  save  himself,  that  I  would 
chance  it  to  get  back  some  way.  Soon  after,  I  received  aid  fnjin  two 
men  of  the  121st  Ohio  and  Perry  Howard  of  my  own  company. 

Hefore  reaching  our  own  works,  while  but  a  short  distance  from 
them,  Howard,  who  had  hold  of  my  right  shoulder,  was  shot  through 
the  arm  and  side  and  fell  flat  as  if  killed.  The  other  men  did  not 
slop  to  intjuire  whether  he  was  killed  or  not  but  hurried  with  me  to 
the  works.  Howard  got  home,  and  fourteen  years  after,  I  saw  his 
arm  which  was  then  badly  sore. 

.\fter  we  got  over  our  works  the  rebels  continued  a  dangerous 
shelling.  There  was  considerable  delay  in  getting  the  amljulances 
brought  uj»  near  enough  to  receive  the  wounded.  Back  of  our  works 
a  few  rods,  behind  a  gentle  rise  of  ground,  «piite  a  number  of  wounded, 
including  the  writer,  were  collected.  Here  the  surgeons  were  binding 
up  bad  wounds  temporarily,  so  they  could  be  taken  back  to  the  rear. 
Rebel  shells  were  flying  in  the  air  and  bursting  overhead,  which  tried 
the  courage  of  the  physicians  and  caused  them  occasionally  to  forget 
their  patients  and  "duck  "  their  bodies,  causing  pain  to  the  wounded. 
They  were  but  men,  and  to  remain  steel  nerved  amid  bursting  shell 
was  not  their  business,  and  they  had  not  particularly  tried  to  cultivate 
it.  (That  little  spot  where  we  lay  under  those  bursting  shells,  and 
where  one  colonel  died  while  waiting  for  the  ambulances,  wa:>  recog- 
nized by  the  writer  when  on  the  spot  again  in  April,  11^83.) 

Finally,  after  some  storming  by  (ieneral  Mitchell,  the  ambulances 
wjre  brought  up  and  1  was  taken  some  distance  back  to  a  field  hos- 
pital and  laid  on  the  ground  with  scores  of  others,  waiting  to  have 
my  leg  am])utated,  foe  from  the  first  1  knew  it  would  have  to  be  done. 
It  began  to  feel  painful  and  I  was  anxious  to  have  it  done  In  a 
reasonable  time  my  right  leg  was  amputated  about  four  and  a  half 
inches  below  the  knee,  after  which  I  was  laid  on  a  blanket  on  the 
ground  in  a  tent.  Two  of  my  boys  gathered  some  leaves,  which  they 
tied  in  a  bundle  and  placed  under  my  knee  for  support  to  keep  the 
raw  stump  off  the  ground.  I  was  not  alone.  There  was  plenty  of 
company  around  me.  Among  others  was  James  Clabaugh  of  my 
company,  who  was  shot  through  the  breast,  the  ball  going  clear 
through,  inflicting  a  very  bad  wound,  and  no  one  thought  it  worth 
while  to  spend  much  time  on  him.  as  he  could  not  get  well ;  and 
Josei)li  Newcomb,  also  of  Comijany  K.,  who  was  wounded  in  ihe 
wrist.  He  was  walking  about  holding  his  hand  and  complaining  of 
the  pain,  but  no  one  thought  his  wound  serious,  and  ex|)ected  him 
soon  to  recover.  Clabaugh  got  well  and  was  mustered  out  in  June, 
1865,  while  Newcomb  died  of  his  wound  at  Nashville,  fuly  24. 

I  lay  that  day  and  night  on  the  ground  in  the  clothes  I  had  worn 
during  the  battle,  and  in  the  morning  found  my  clothes  fly-blown 
where  blood  had  got  upon  them.  As  may  be  supi)osed,  when  morn- 
ing came  I  felt  ipiite  feeble.  In  the  morning  Harry  Shepherd,  my 
brother-in-law,  of  the  66th  Ohio,  20th  Corps,  came  over.  He  and 
my  brother,  Chas.  T.  Baxter,  sergeant  in  my  own  company,  bathed  me 


Our  Knapsack.  345 

and  put  on  me  some  clean  underclothes,  after  which  I  was  put  in  an 
ambulance  and  started  for  Big  Shanty,  a  railroad  station  about  nine 
miles  back. 

My  work  was  done.  Others  would  go  on,  but!  must  go  back.  I 
had  suffered  a  great  misfortune  without  any  compensation.  We  were 
shot  down  by  hundreds,  while  the  rebels  behind  their  strong  works 
escaped  with  scarcely  any  loss.  The  whole  affair  was  useless  and  a 
mistake,  and  Sherman's  reason  given  is  not  creditable  to  him  or  any 
good  general.  Could  we  have  felt  that  our  enemies  had  also  lost  a 
reasonable  number,  there  would  have  been  some  compensation,  but 
for  them  to  have  lost  almost  nothing  and  to  be  damaged  in  nothing, 
made  us  feel  that  we  had  been  a  useless  sacrifice,  that  we  were  cut 
off  unprofitably  when  we  might  have  been  continued  with  the  army 
and  been  of  some  service.  If  any  just  reason  had  been  given  for 
the  charge  we  would  have  felt  better,  or  even  if  Sherman  had  said 
it  was  a  mistake  and  should  not  have  been  made,  but  the  reason 
given  was  not  such  as  to  justify  him  in  the  loss  of  a  single  life  in 
that  charge. 

Having  entered  the  army  when  nineteen  years  of  age,  in  August, 
1862,  months,  while  adding  to  my  age,  were  also  adding  to  my  ex- 
perience and  worth  to  the  service.  I  would  have  liked  to  continue 
to  the  end,  but  that  was  not  to  be,  and  when  the  ambulance  train 
started  back  on  Tuesday  morning,  June  28,  my  work  was  finished. 

What  a  wearisome  and  trying  ride  that  was,  over  those  nine  miles 
of  rough  dirt  and  corduroy  road,  extending  from  early  in  the  day  till 
near  sundown,  in  the  blazing  sun  of  that  Georgia,  June  day,  only 
those  similarly  situated  know.  It  became  so  unbearable  that  when 
we  arrived  at  Big  Shanty  and  the  ambulance  stood  in  the  street,  I 
thought  it  could  not  be  endured  longer  and  ordered  two  of  my  boys, 
who  were  with  me,  to  take  me  out  and  lay  me  on  the  ground  in  the 
shade  of  a  tree — the  shade  and  ground  looked  so  inviting — but  at 
that  moment  the  teams  moved  on  and  I  was  soon  on  a  cot  in  a  tent. 

On  the  morning  of  the  29th  we  were  loaded  on  a  hospital  train 
and  started  back  for  Chattanooga.  As  we  arrived  near  Dalton,  it 
was  found  that  rebel  cavalry  had  destroyed  some  track  ahead,  and  we 
had  to  lie  on  the  cars  at  Dalton  all  night.  Next  morning,  June  30,  we 
came  into  Chattanooga.  I  felt  too  exhausted  to  be  taken  onto  Look- 
out Mountain,  and  was  taken  to  hospital  No.  i,Ward  i.  Section  4,  in 
the  city,  one  of  a  long  row  of  long  one  story  wooden  buildings,  built 
for  hospitals,  mostly,  but  not  entirely. 

There  are  many  trying  scenes  at  the  "  front,"  when  men  are  seen 
dead  and  Wounded  upon  the  field  of  conflict.  But  in  a  short  time 
the  wounded  are  removed,  the  dead  buried,  the  ranks  of  the  unhurt 
are  c]o.-,ed  up,  and  evidences  of  suffering  are  out  of  sight.  In  the 
"  rear  "  the  terrible  ravages  of  war  are  always  seen.  There  sympa- 
thies are  keenly  aroused,  there  scenes  of  prolonged  suffering  and  of 
death  are  always  at  hand. 

No  words  of  mine  can  faithfully  portray  those  hospital  scenes.  At 
one  time  in  the  ward  where  I  was  in  there  were  twenty-one  wounded 

41 


346  Out    Knapsack. 

men — every  bed  l)eing  full — and  of  those  twenty-one,  eighteen  had 
amputated  limbs,  either  arm  or  leg.  Men  died  to  my  right  and  men 
died  to  my  left  and  before  me.  Beds  generally  were  not  long  vacant 
that  summer,  but  as  some  died  or  were  sent  north,  others,  fresh  cases, 
came  from  the  front,  so  that  most  of  the  time  all  were  occupied. 

Daily,  in  the  morning,  the  dead  wagon  drove  past  us,  and  often 
the  tap  of  the  drum  and  the  shrill  note  of  the  fife,  told  us  that  the 
sufferings  of  some  poor  fellows  were  ended,  and  they  were  borne  to  a 
soldier's  grave.  We  became  callous  in  a  considerable  degree  to  the 
scenes  around  us.  Men  had  to,  or  they  would  have  died.  Their 
emotions  could  not  always  be  tuned  to  a  high  pitch,  else  their 
weakened  bodies  would  have  given  way  under  the  strain  of  their 
sensibilities.  In  the  rear  often,  as  at  the  front,  men  had  to  be  stoical, 
not  taking  too  much  thought  of  what  might  befall  them.  So  in  those 
hospitals,  men  died,  were  carried  to  their  long  homes,  the  living  felt 
sorry  for  them  and  their  friends,  and  turned  to  other  things.  There 
was  too  much  to  be  fully  realized  as  it  happened  with  the  jjassing 
days. 

Across  the  room  at  my  foot  a  cot  was  once  occupied  by  a  very 
large  man  suffering  with  a  thigh  amputation.  He  had  been  in  the 
ward  but  a  very  short  time.  |)erhaps  not  more  than  two  days.  The 
nurse  told  him  to  be  careful,  as  he  was  liable  to  bleed.  One  morn- 
ing about  daylight  I  was  awakened  from  a  doze  by  a  sound  like  water 
pattering  upon  the  floor.  At  once  I  knew  the  man  was  bleeding — 
the  blood  pattering  upon  the  floor.  The  nurse  ran  to  him  and 
stopped  the  flow  of  blood  with  his  thumb,  until  a  tourni([uet  was 
brought.  Efforts  to  save  his  life  were  of  no  avail.  That  morning 
he  died.  Occupying  the  same  cot  once,  was  a  young  man  with  thigh 
amputation.  The  flesh  had  drawn  away,  and  shrunk  back  from  the 
end  of  the  bone,  leaving  it  protruding  cpiite  a  distance.  He  delighted 
in  singing  Methodist  hymns.  He  occupied  the  cot  for  some  time, 
but  finally  died. 

At  my  left,  on  a  cot  ne.xt  me,  was  a  young  man  whose  life  the 
doctors  tried  to  save  one  night,  but  without  avail.  The  slough- 
ing away  of  the  artery  of  an  am[)utated  leg  caused  his  death.  He 
had  been  frequently  warned  that  he  must  keep  more  ciuiet,  but  would 
not.  The  gangrene  ward,  to  which  I  was  taken  for  a  couple  of  weeks, 
was  a  scene  of  hopeless  misery.  Very  frecpiently  some  one  was 
taken  to  his  final  resting  place. 

The  nurses  were  men,  although  there  were  some  ladies  in  attend- 
ance. One  lady  devoted  considerable  time  to  our  ward,  cheering  the 
despondent,  writing  letters  for  the  feeble,  helping  prei)are  food  and 
adding  in  that  way  to  the  comfort  of  the  wounded.  The  nurses,  as 
far  as  1  saw,  were  kind,  waiting  on  the  disabled,  and  doing  for  them 
as  well  as  they  could.  Food  at  times  was  ipiite  scanty,  sometimes 
receiving  barely  enough  to  satisfy,  and  that  of  the  plainest  kind,  but 
most  of  the  time  by  what  the  government  and  the  sanitary  commis- 
sion furnished,  the  \)atients  were  comfortably  supplied. 


Our  Knapsack.  347 


Enlisted  men  paid  nothing,  but  all  commissioned  officere  were 
charged  one  dollar  a  day  for  their  board. 

The  days  of  July,  August  and  September  were  long,  wearisome 
and  many  of  them  hot.  How  often,  overcome  by  weariness  and 
drowsiness  from  a  sleepless  night,  we  desired  to  sleep  during  the 
day,  but  could  not.  With  the  head  uncovered,  flies  prevented,  with 
the  head  covered,  the  heat  was  intolerable,  for  we  had  no  fly  nets, 
only  a  sheet  or  paper. 

Beneath  my  cotton  mattress  were  dozens  of  sow  bugs,  while,  when 
the  shades  of  night  fell  upon  us,  whole  platoons  of  bed  bugs  appeared 
upon  the  sheets,  and  drilled  at  their  leisure. 

It  was  a  long  time  before  I  felt  able  to  undertake  a  journey  home. 
The  flap  of  my  amputated  leg  came  down,  or  partly  so.  The  tibia 
protruded  through  the  flesh,  and  remained  thus  for  two  months,  until 
nature  completed  an  amputation  of  the  exposed  and  deadened  por- 
tion, when  a  piece  of  bone  from  the  top  of  the  tibia,  in  triangular 
shape,  two  inches  long  and  one  wide,  was  lifted  off"  by  the  nurse — 
which  I  now  have — after  which  the  flesh  rapidly  grew  over.  Twice 
gangrene  set  in.  I  will  not  prolong  these  hospital  scenes.  One  has 
hut  to  imagine  hundreds  of  men  wounded  in  every  shape — all  badly, 
for  the  slighter  ones  were  at  once  taken  to  the  rear — the  days  and 
weeks  of  suffering,  the  daily  deaths,  the  hopes  of  the  living,  which 
so  often  went  out  in  disappointment. 

On  October  5,  I  left  the  hospital  at  Chattanooga  for  my  home, 
Mechanicsburg,  Ohio,  arriving  there  about  the  middle  of  October, 
having  stopped  over  at  Nashville.  On  October  5th,  on  the  hospital 
train  from  Chattanooga  to  Nashville,  a  vote  was  taken  to  see  how 
the  Presidential  candidates  stood  among  the  wounded  soldiers.  The 
vote  cast  was — for  Lincoln,  161  ;  for  McClellan,  8. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  Company  K  was  a  company  added  to 
the  1 13th  Regiment  in  the  beginning  of  1864.  The  majority  of  the 
company  were  seeing  their  first  service,  while  some  of  them  had  seen 
much  service  elsewhere.'  While  the  company  had  been  under  fire 
with  the  regiment  all  along  in  the  campaign,  yet,  until  June  27,  the 
regiment  "in  that  campaign  had  been  in  no  place  where  there  had 
been  any  serious  loss.  This  was,  then,  the  first  desperate  place  for 
most  of  the  company.  They  did  their  duty  well.  As  brave  men, 
they  obeyed  orders.  The  loss  of  the  company  was  heavy.  Seven 
were  killed;  five  more  died  of  their  wounds,  making  twelve  deaths. 
One,  Booker  Durnell,  was  captured,  and  died  in  a  rebel  prison. 
Ten  or  twelve  more  were  wounded,  some  of  them  very  seriously,  so 
that  of  the  men  who  went  in  one-third  died  or  became  valueless  to 
the  service. 


348 


Our   Knapsack. 


Men  of  Co.  K  Killed  in  Action  June  27,  1864. 


Ezra  Allen 

Stephen  V.  Barr. . 
vViJliam  Copping. . 
I(ir;iin  Hancock. . . 

Levi  Komine 

Joseph  Wilkinson 
Lemuel  P.  Jones. . 


A(iB   AT  MfiTKK. 

WHRN  Ml'STRRKU. 

a6 

January  9, 
Alarch  a,  18 

1864. 

36 

«'4. 

22 

January  5, 

1864. 

40 

January  21, 

.864 

3> 

January  27 

i8(>4 

18 

January  5, 

.864 

28 

January  18 

1864 

Died  of  Wounds  Received  June  27,  1864. 


AGE  AT 
MUSTER. 


riATEOF  MCSTBR. 


Hector  Morren 

Joseph  H,  Ncwcoml) 
Levi  Heniminger.  . .  . 

Patrick  Fields 

Robert  R.  (Jsborne.. 


DATE  OF  DEATH. 


January  5,1864..    June  30,  1864 1  Big  Shanty,  (la. 

January  16,  1864.    July  24,  1864 Nashville,  Tenn. 

January  5,  1864..    August  i,  <864...    Chattanooga,  I'enn. 
January  14,  1864.1  August  19,  1864..    Nasliville,  Tenn. 
January  9,  1 864.. I  August  22,  1864..   Chattanooga,  Tenn. 


Capturf.d  and  Died  in   Prison. 


Booker  Durnell. 


AGE  AT 
MUSTER. 


DATE  OF  MUSTER. 


January  5,  1864. 


DATE  OF  DEATH. 


Other  Deaths  in  Co.   K. 


AGE  AT 
MII.STER. 


DATE  OF  DEATH. 


John   H.  Bricker 25 

Henry  C.  Britten 1  19 

Levi  Elliott '  42 

Azro  Mann 28 

James  McMahan 24 

Monroe  Elliott I  22 

(ieorge  Peobles 27 


July  4,  1864 Chattahoochie  River,  da..  Killed. 

July  6,  1864 \  Chattanooga,  Tenn Disease. 

August  12,  1864. .    Nashville,  Tenn Disease. 

October  31,  1864  .     Nashville,  Tenn Disease. 

Nov.  30,  1864 Jeffersonvillc,    Md Disease. 

February  4,  1864 .  |  Savannah,  Ga Disease. 

April  18,  1865 ....  I  Baltimore,  Md ;  Disease. 


Again  last  A})ril,  1883,  I  stood  upon  the  ground  so  disastrous  to 
us.  The  same  woods  were  there,  excepting  a  small  portion  cleared 
up  near  the  rebel  works,  the  same  works,  only  the  action  of  water 
and  the  tooth  of  time  upon  the  logs  had  partly  filled  ujjthe  trenches, 
most  of  the  logs  helping  form  the  works  having  rotted  ;  thus,  they 
are  not  now  as  formidable  looking  as  they  were  twenty  years  ago. 
But  there  are  many  large  logs  left,  in  the  same  position  as  when 
placed  there  for  defense.  Many  of  the  logs  are  apparently  as  sound 
as  when  cut,  only  the  bark  and  outer  sap  have  rotted  away,  leaving 
the  balance  sound.  There  are  logs  there  yet  having  a  diameter  from 
two  to  three  feet,  while  those  of  less  size  are  numerous.  The  point 
of  attack  is  now  named  Cheatham's  Hill.  Though  the  subject  is  full 
of  interest  to  me,  1  will  not  detain  my  readers  longer. 


Our  Knapsack.  349 

CAMP  ITEMS  AND    RECOLLECTIONS  OF  THE  BATTLES 
OF  CHICKAMAUGA  AND  KENESAW. 


Bv  D.   B.  Waknek 


St.  John,  N.  B.  Februaf^  2,  1883. 

I  remember  an  incident  which  took  place  in  Camp  Zanesville, 
showing  one  of  the  many  difficulties  in  transforming  a  large  body  of 
men  into  disciplined  soldiers — men  who  never  before  had  known 
what  it  was  to  obey  orders  : 

The  men  of  the  1 13th  felt  rather  blue,  when,  soon  after  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  field  and  staff  officers,  the  command  was  ordered  to 
Camp  Zanesville  to  guard  conscripts.  But  the  Colonel  consoled 
himself  with  the  thought  that  it  would  be  a  good  school  for  guard 
duty  as  well  as  ordinary  drill.  Strict  orders  were  issued,  and  a  regi- 
mental guard  was  established,  which,  for  strictness,  was  grumbled  at 
and  wondered  at  by  both  officers  and  enlisted  men. 

One  of  these  orders  was  that  there  should  be  no  loud  noise  or 
talking  on  guard.  This  order  was  frequently  broken,  and  the  Col- 
onel's peaceful  slumbers  rudely  disturbed  thereby.  On  a  certain 
night,  this  was  unusually  so,  or  else  the  Colonel  was  in  an  unusually 
sour  mood.  The  first  thing  on  the  following  morning  the  officer  of 
the  guard  was  sent  for,  and  the  Colonel  said  to  him  that  he  wished 
to  have  the  soldier  who  made  the  disturbance  on  guard  last  night 
placed  under  arrest  in  the  guard  house.  The  officer  soon  returned 
and  reported  that  he  could  not  ascertain  the  name  of  the  man  who 
had  offended.  Colonel  W.  retorted,  "  If  his  name  is  not  given  put  the 
whole  guard  in."  The  officer  again  reported,  saying  he  thought  the 
other  part  of  the  order  could  not  be  carried  out.  Then  the  Colonel 
sent  for  the  Major,  and  said  to  him  :  "  Major,  I  want  you  to  put 
that  whole  guard  of  last  night  into  the  guard  house,  and  keep  them 
there  till  they  will  promise  to  do  better,  or  give  the  name  of  the 
soldier  who  made  the  noise." 

The  Major  went  out  feeling  very  much  that  it  would  be  more  agreea- 
ble to  his  feelings  had  the  Colonel,  to  establish  his  personal  authority, 
gone  himself.  Finding  the  guard  drawn  up,  standing  at  order  arms,  he 
gave  the  orders,  "  Attention !  "  "Shoulder — arms."  "Stack — arms." 
"  Right — face."  "Forward — march,"  and  into  the  guard  house  they 
all  went,  before  they  knew  where  they  were. 

The  Major  was  complimented  by  the  Colonel,  but  remarked  that 
he  would  in  future  prefer  not  being  assigned  to  such  duty,  and  do 
without  the  compliment. 


An  incident  of  some  importance  occurred  at  Wartrace  soon  after 
the  arrival  of  the  xi3th  at  that  place.  Our  pickets  gave  an  alarm, 
and  the  troops  were  at  once  called  to  arms.     In  the  distance  was  a 


35 o  Our  Knapsack. 

great  cloud  of  dust,  and  it  seemed  that  an  army  ai)|»r<)ached.  It 
turned  out  not  to  he  an  army  with  guns  and  banners,  but  an  army 
of  Blacks.  Here  was  a  grave  matter.  What  were  we  to  do  with 
them?  While  considering  this  ijuestion,  its  solution  was  suggested 
by  one  of  the  masters  of  some  of  the  Blacks,  who  presented  himself 
at  the  tent  of  the  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  recjuested  that  he  be 
allowed  to  take  his  "  niggers  "  back  to  his  plantation.  Here  in  this 
almost  wilderness — in  this  camp  of  the  i  13th  ().  V.  I.,  was  presented 
the  (juestion  which  was  disturbing  the  statesmen  at  Washington — 
what  will  be  done  with  the  slaves  .'  This  was  before  the  ipiestion 
had  been  settled  by  the  proper  and  higher  authorities,  but  the  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  found  himself  face  to  face  with  the  ipiestion,  and  it 
must  be  settled  then  and  there,  so  far  as  he  was  concerned. 

The  officer  said  to  the  owner  of  black  chattels,  "  Have  you  seen  any 
of  your  negroes  since  coming  into  our  lines  .'  "  The  reply  was,  "  Yes; 
some  of  them  are  scattered  among  the  companies  of  your  regiment." 
"  Go,  then,  and  bring  one  of  them  here,"  said  the  officer.  Soon  the 
planter  returned  bringing  with  him  a  big  black  fellow.  "  Is  this  your 
master,  boy,"  asked  the  officer.  "  Ves  sah,"  answered  the  black  man. 
"  Why  did  you  run  away  from  him  ?  Was  he  a  good  master?  Did  he 
give  you  enough  to  eat  and  did  he  treat  you  well,  give  you  good 
clothing  and  proper  attention  when  you  were  sick;  all  this?  "  The 
darkey  replied,  "  Yes  sah;  no  niggah  had  a  better  master;  no  fault 
to  find."  "Well,  then,  do  you  want  to  go  back  to  him?"  No 
answer.  "  Come,  now,"  said  the  officer,  "  if  your  master  is  all  that 
you  say,  why  did  you  run  away,  and  why  do  you  not  wish  to  return 
to  him  ?  "  "''  1  wants  to  be  frcL\  sah^"  said  the  darkey.  He  was  per- 
mitted to  return  to  his  place  in  the  company.  Then  turning  to  the 
planter  the  Lieutenant  Colonel  said,  "Now,  sir,  if  you  can  find  in 
this  regiment  any  of  your  slaves  who  will  come  to  these  headipiarters 
and  say  to  me,  without  fear  or  compulsion,  that  they  want  to  return 
to  their  master,  1  will /i?/-///// them  to  go,  and  no  one  shall  interfere 
with  their  going,  and  you  may  also  inform  any  one  interested  in  the 
matter,  that  while  1  am  in  command  of  this  regiment,  no  slaves  will 
be  returned  to  their  masters  against  their  will."  The  answer  of  that 
darkey,  " /w««/.f /^/^^'y''^^,"  made  the  Lieutenant  Colonel  an  aboli- 
tionist, and  this  answer  of  his  to  the  planter  was  one  of  the  first 
l)roclamations  of  emancipation. 


At  Chickamauga,  an  incident  of  very  grave  moment  occurred.  The 
113th  went  into  the  fight  in  the  second  line.  The  charge  was  led 
by  a  regiment  of  Illinois  troops  I  think.  They  were  met  at  the  top  of 
the  hill  with  a  regular  hail-storm  of  grape,  shot  and  shell.  They  were 
thrown  into  confusion  and  their  commanding  officer  was  shot  and  fell 
from  his  horse  just  in  front  of  our  line.  This  regiment  fell  back 
through  our  line,  shouting  to  our  men  not  to  go  in  there,  and  the 
result  was  that  the  i  13th  was  thrown  into  momentary  confusion,  and 


\ 


Our  Knapsack.  35  i 


were  pressed  down  the  hill  to  the  rear  some  distance.  1  gave  up  at 
one  time  and  thought  the  old  command  was  done  for,  but  this  was 
but  for  a  moment.  In  the  midst  of  this  the  officer  in  command 
called  out  the  number  of  the  regiment  and  the  single  word  "  halt,'" 
and  the  regiment  obeyed  the  command.  It  was  at  once  re-formed  and 
marched  back  to  the  crest  of  the  hill,  and  there  remained  vcn.\}A  another 
unfortunate  circumstance  occurred.  Lieutenant  Piatt  of  the  ri3th, 
who  was  then  detached  and  acting  Aide-de-Camp  on  General 
Steedman's  staff,  rode  up  and  said  to  me  that  the  regiment  was  to  fall 
back  to  the  ridge  next  in  our  rear.  I  remember  as  if  yesterday  my 
surprise  at  the  order,  and  I  then  said  that  there  must  be  some  mis- 
take, but  he  repeated  the  order,  and  not  liking  to  lake  any  responsi- 
bility I  gave  the  order  to  fall  back.  When  we  reached  the  point  to 
which  the  order  had  referred  and  while  re-forming  the  regiment, 
Steedman  and  Mitchell,  and  1  think  General  Beatty,  came  up,  and 
explanations  being  made,  and  learning  that  the  order  was  a  mistake, 
the  regiment  was  a  second  time  marched  back  to  its  original  position 
in  the  line  and  their  remained  till  nearly  dark,  when  the  entire  line 
was  retired  and  we  moved  off  the  field  in  good  order,  and  bivouaced 
that  night  with  but  few  stragglers,  but  with  the  loss  of  over  half  of 
our  regiment  left  dead  or  wounded.  But  few  commands  in  that  army 
went  off  the  field  that  day' in  as  good  order  as  did  the  1 13th  O.  V.  I. 
The  number  of  their  killed  and  wounded  on  that  day  is  all  the  testi- 
mony necessary  as  to  their  valor. 


The  battle  of  Kenesaw  was  of  very  different  character,  in  that  we 
knew  where  the  enemy  were,  that  we  were  to  attack  them  in  their  works, 
and  were  to  capture  them  without  firing  a  shot.  Iwell  remember 
the  council  of  officers  I  called  that  morning,  a  very  short  time  before 
the  attack.  There  the  plan  of  the  assault  was  given,  and  the  officers 
were  informed  that  our  claim  to  the  advance  was  granted,  that  we 
would  lead  the  charge.  The  meeting  was  very  solemn,  but  1  did  not 
detect  among  all  their  faces  one  which  suggested  anything  other  than 
a  determination  to  do  his  duty.  At  that  council  I  handed  three 
sergeants  their  commissions.  Grouse,  a  tall,  fine  looking  man,  a 
member  of  the  Mt.  Sterling  Company,  was  one  of  them.  Dungan 
at  the  same  time  was  handed  his  commission  as  First  Lieutenant,  but 
did  not  live  to  be  mustered.  He  lay  in  a  tent  with  me  the  night  of 
the  27th;  the  next  day  he  was  taken  to  (Chattanooga  and  died;  I 
never  saw  him  after  the  28th. 

Kenesaw,  to  me,  was  a  dreadful  battle,  because  unnecessary,  and 
brought  on  against  the  advice  of  the  best  Generals  of  the  army.  In 
the  fight  I  saw  so  many  shot  down  and  frightfully  mangled  thai  tlic 
recollection  to  me  is  sim[)ly  horrible. 

One  incident  at  Kenesaw  made  an  impression  on  my  mind  more 
than  all  the  rest.  Certain  circumstances  in  the  history  of  the  regi- 
ment had  made  me  acquaintance  with  a  particular  sergeant  of  one  of 


35  2  Qnr  Knapitick. 

the  <oiu|i;inics  very  inlcrcstinj^  and  lavoraltle,  and  he  became  with 
nie  a  great  favorite. 

At  Kenesaw,  when  the  assaidt  had  l)een  made,  and  we  had  almost 
reached  the  works  of  the  enemy,  it  became  evident  that  we  could 
not  capture  them,  and  I  sent  word  along  the  line  for  the  men  to  cover 
themselves  and  commence  firing.  After  I  thought  we  were  doing 
well,  and  the  men  were  well  hidden  under  rocks  and  behind  logs  and 
trees,  I  discovered  this  favorite  .Sergeant  standing  out  in  full  view  of 
the  eneniy,  loading  and  firing  as  though  he  were  at  target  practice. 
1  was  sure  he  would  be  killed,  for  the  rebels  seemed  to  be  literally 
skinning  the  hill.  I  turned  toward  him,  (he  being  toward  the  right 
of  the  regiment,  and  a  little  to  the  rear  of  the  line  upon  which  I 
stood)  and  l)egan  to  motion  to  him  with  my  right  hand  to  lie  down, 
and  while  in  this  ])osition  1  was  shot,  and  this  was  the  last  shake  of 
my  right  hand.  If  the  rebel  who  fired  that  shot  had  not  been  nervous, 
that  favorite  would  have  been  the  cause  of  his  C^olonels'  being  shot 
in  the  back.  Did  I  ever  tell  you  this  before?  That  Sergeant's  name 
was  F.  M.  Mc Adams. 

But  returning  to  the  order  which  was  delivered  to  us,  and  which 
we  obeyed  with  doubt  and  reluctance  at  Chickamauga.  I  am  sure 
Flatt  got  the  order  from  some  one,  and  that  he  delivered  it  as  he 
understood  it.  My  impression  now  is,  that  when  (juestioned  in  regard 
to  the  order,  he  said  he  received  it  from  Captain  Russell,  A.  A.  G., 
on  the  staff  of  (General  Granger.  Russell  was  killed  in  the  battle, 
earlier,  it  seems  to  mc,  than  I  received  the  order.  Some  one  made  a 
mistake  which  might  have  cost  us  great  loss,  but  it  cannot  now  be 
settled  who  it  was.  I  am  certain,  however,  that  Flatt  received  the 
order  from  some  one  who  he  considered  in  a  position  to  give  it.  I 
recall  this  matter  because  at  the  time,  one  Chaplain  Van  Horn,  wrote 
a  letter  to  the  press  on  the  battle,  which  reflected  upon  the  courage 
of  the  regiment.  The  113th  was  perfectly  in  hand  during  the  entire 
day,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  the  other  regiment  broke  and  run 
through  us,  and,  as  I  have  written,  the  confusion  in  our  ranks  result- 
ing from  that  cause,  lasted  but  a  short  time,  when  at  the  command 
we  re-formed  and  took  up  our  position  in  the  line  of  battle. 


LEAVES    FROM    THE    I)IAR^■    oK   .\SSISTANT  SURGEON 

A.  HARLOW. 

DETROir,  Mich.,  February,  i88j. 

Having  kept  a  diary  during  my  entire  stay  with  the  regiment,  I  am 
able  to  give  day  and  date,  and  a  clear  statement  of  facts  herein 
mentioned. 

On  the  1 6th  day  of  September,  1862,  I  reported  myself  to  Colonel 
James  A.  Wilco.x,  commanding  the  113th  O.  V.  L,  stationed  at  Camp 


Out-  Knapsack.  353 

Chase,  Ohio.  Was  duly  introduced  to  Surgeon  J-  K.-  Black  and  T. 
C.  Tipton,  and  found  them  to  be  affable  and  intelligent  gentlemen  of 
their  profession.  I  entered  immediately  upon  the  duties  of  my  office, 
and  was  not  long  in  making  the  acquaintance  of  the  officers  and 
many  of  the  enlisted  men  in  the  regiment,  and  was  favorably  im- 
pressed with  their  intelligence  and  soldierly  bearing. 

The  day  following  my  arrival  in  camp,  no  little  excitement  was 
occasioned  in  consecpience  of  an  attempt  to  impose  a  somewhat  ludi- 
crous punishment  upon  a  soldier  for  refusing  to  do  duty.  The 
delinquent  was  put  in  a  barrel  and  rolled  around  the  camp;  his  com- 
rades and  friends  rescued  him.  All  the  officers  were  called  out,  and 
finally,  the  order  being  revoked,  peace  and  good  feeling  was  restored. 

On  the  night  of  September  i8th,  twenty  rebel  prisoners  made  their 
escape  from  prison  No.  i,  in  the  following  manner: 

They  took  a  large  dry.  goods  box  containing  carpenter  tools  and 
placed  it  against  the  boarded  wall  where  the  egress  was  to  be  made. 
A  party  of  four  occupied  the  top  of  the  box  and  played  cards,  while 
a  fifth,  secreted  in  the  box,  began  the  work  of  boring  and  sawing  a 
hole  in  the  wall.  Meanwhile,  those  on  top  kept  up  a  din  and  noise 
calculated  to  prevent  the  boring  and  sawing  from  being  heard. 

The  work  being  nearly  completed,  they*  waited  for  the  darkness 
and  stillness  of  the  night,  and  then  by  a  sudden  push,  the  opening 
was  made  in  the  wall,  and  twenty-two  who  had  been  made  acquainted 
with  the  plot,  deliberately  walked  out  without  thanking  the  govern- 
ment for  the  very  kind  treatment  which  they  had  been  receiving. 

On  the  third  day  after  their  escape,  eight  of  these  were  re-captured 
and  returned  to  their  former  quarters. 

On  the  29th  of  October,  we  camped  at  Zanesville.  Some  ten  days 
after  our  arrival  here  the  measles  broke  out  among  the  men,  and 
spread  rapidly,  until  more  than  two  hundred  cases  of  the  disease 
were  in  camp.  The  regimental  hospital  becoming  overcrowded  with 
patients,  many  of  the  sick  were  treated  in  their  barracks  and  tents. 
When  this  epidemic  was  at  its  height  (November  10)  a  fire  broke  out 
in  camp,  which,  on  account  of  the  strong  wind  and  the  great  amount 
of  straw  and  other  combustible  material,  and  despite  the  greatest 
efforts  of  the  men  to  check  it,  continued  to  burn  till  the  main  part  of 
camp  was  laid  in  ashes.  No  loss  of  life  nor  personal  injury  resulted 
from  tlie  lire,  but  many  of  the  officers  and  men  lost  valuable  personal 
effects. 

A  regiment  without  shelter,  and  many  of  them  sick  and  exposed 
to  the  inclement  weather,  is  fearful  to  contemplate.  Prompt  measures 
were  taken  to  j^rovide  shelter  and  comfort  for  the  sick,  new  plank 
barracks  were  soon  constructed,  and  but  a  few.  days  elapsed  until  all 
were  snugly  (piartered  on  a  sloping  hillside,  inclining  toward  Licking 
creek.  During  the  first  three  months  of  our  service  but  one  death 
occurred  in  camp,  a  fact  that  speaks  well  for  the  surgical  and  medical 
department,  when  we  consider  the  epidemic  and  exposures  to  which 
the  men    were  subjected.     This    death  was    that   of  John    Rogers, 

42 


354  Our   Knapsack. 

C'oinpany  (1.      He  died  December  5,  1862.      His  body  was  sent  liDiiie 
for  1)11  rial. 

On  the  15th  of  1  )eceniber,  the  regiment  left  camp  for  the  South, 
halting  a  few  days  at  Camp  Dennison.  I  assisted  Surgeon  Hlack 
with  such  of  the  convalescents  as  were  able  to  accomjjany  the  regi- 
ment, going  as  far  as  Zanesville  to  see  them  safely  off.  Others 
remained  under  my  charge  for  a  time,  and  then  followed  on.  On 
January  4,  1863,  I  rejoined  the  regiment  two  miles  out  of  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  happy,  indeed,  in  once  more  being  able  to  mingle  with  the 
officers  and  men  so  greatly  endeareti  to  me  by  many  a  fond  recollec- 
tion. At  this  time  great  efforts  were  being  made  to  forward  needed 
supplies  to  the  "  Boys  in  Blue  "  who  comi)rised  the  army  at  the  front, 
and  as  an  incident  pertaining  to  this  matter,  I  state  that  one  hundred 
and  nine  six-mule  teams,  with  suitable  escort,  passed  our  camp  in 
one  day,  each  loaded  with  army  supplies,  destined  for  Nashville. 

The  day  after  my  arrival,  January  5th,  the  113th  left  Louisville  for 
parts  unknown,  except  to  Colonel  Wilcox  and  a  few  of  the  other  com- 
missioned officers.  Our  destination  proved  to  be  Muldrough's  Hill,  a 
wild,  rough  country,  on  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad,  near  a 
little  place  called  Colesburg.  At  the  little  burg  the  113th  disem- 
barked and  marched  a  couple  of  miles,  when  we  came  in  sight  of  the 
smoking  ruins  of  "  Big  Run  Trestle,"  which  had  been  recently 
destroyed  by  the  notorious  raider,  John  Morgan. 

This  camp  was  called  "  Camp  Lucy,"  or  more  appropriately  "clap- 
trap," on  account  of  the  risk  of  our  being  "  gobbled  up  "  by  Morgan 
or  Forrest  or  some  other  marauding  band  some  dark  night.  The 
monotony  of  camp  life  was  broken  on  the  third  day  of  our  .stay  here 
by  the  visit  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  Ohio,  Dr.  S.  M.  Smith,  with 
his  corps  of  nurses  eti  route  for  Nashville  to  attend  the  sick  and 
wounded  of  the  late  engagement  at  St6ne  River.  The  fact  that  our 
camp  was  situated  near  this  long  bridge,  and  that  all  passengers 
going  to  or  coming  from  Nashville  by  this  route  were  compelled  to  walk 
over  the  broken  place  in  the  road,  gave  us  daily  opportunity  of  seeing 
many  strangers,  as  they  were  unavoidably  compelled  to  pass  within 
speaking  distance  of  our  camp.  One  dark  night  soon  after  our  arrival 
here  the  regiment  was  awakened  from  its  dreamy  reveries  by  the 
ominous  sound  of  the  long  roll,  while  the  officers  passed  from  tent  to 
tent,  commanding  the  men  to  fall  out  and  form  into  line.  This  was 
promptly  obeyed,  and  then  the  regiment  marched  out  over  a  rough  and 
stony  path,  made  doubly  difficult  by  the  inky  darknes  of  the  night.  The 
supposed  enemy  could  not  be  found  ;  in  fact  he  was  miles  away  and 
sound  asleep.  A  return  to  (quarters  was  ordered  and  very  cheerfully 
obeyed.  After  we  had  been  here  a  few  days  the  regiment  was 
divided  into  two  i)arts,  and  four  or  five  companies  commanded  by 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Mitchell  were  sent  further  south  to  a  similar 
trestle,  where  they  remained  protecting  a  force  of  mechanics  who 
were  constructing  a  bridge  spanning  a  chasm  some  two  or  three  miles 
further  in  the  direction  of  Nashville.  Surgeon  Black  accomm]mnied 
this  part  of  the  command,  while  your  humble  correspondent  remained 
attending  to  the  medical  and  surgical  wants  of  the  men  at  camp 


Our  Knapsack.  355 

Lucy.  About  the  time  of  this  separation,  that  part  of  the  command 
remaining  at  the  first  trestle  vacated  the  camp  first  occupied  and 
took  position  on  the  hill  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  railroad,  in  a 
position  overlooking  the  valley  and  the  surrounding  country.  This 
we  called  Camp  "Summit."  This  was  Muldrough's  Hill,  one  of  the 
prettiest  camping  grounds  it  was  ever  my  fortune  to  take  part  in 
occupying.  Long  shall  I  remember  with  the  liveliest  interest  and  the 
fondest  recollection,  as  well  as  many  old  comrades  associated  with 
me  there  who  may  chance  to  read  this  sketch,  the  experience  of  camp 
life  enjoyed  by  us  on  the  rugged  brow  of  this  old  Kentucky  hill, 
during  a  portion  of  January,  1863.  Our  camp  commanded  a  splendid 
view  of  the  surrounding  country,  and  if  we  could  not,  like  the  ancient 
war  horse,  smell  the  smoke  of  battle  from  afar,  we  could  certainly  see 
our  enemies  approaching  in  time  to  make  all  necessary  preparations 
to  meet  him.  Unusual  for  this  climate,  snow  fell  on  the  15th  of 
January  to  the  depth  of  three  feet,  and  this  was  followed  by  very 
cold  weather,  reminding  us  of  the  frost  and  cold  of  northern  Ohio. 

In  the  midst  of  this  storm  and  low  temperature  our  hospital  tent 
took  fire  and  burned  so  rapidly  that  it  required  the  efforts  of  all  the 
attendants  and  nurses  to  rescue  the  sick.  I  doubt  not  many  of  the 
hospital  patients  yet  remember  the  daily  visits  of  Widow  Gardner  to 
our  camp.  She  would  come  well  laden  with  eggs,  chickens,  squirrels, 
Indian  bread  and  other  toothsome  delicacies,  for  the  particular  bene- 
fit of  convalescents  in  hospital.  During  our  stay  at  Muldrough's 
Hill,  James  Harvey  and  Geo.  F.  Reno,  both  of  Company  A,  died. 
The  body  of  the  former  was  sent  home ;  the  latter  was  buried  on 
Muldrough's  Hill. 

The  regiment,  in  obedience  to  orders,  returned  to  Louisville  on 
the  27th  of  January.  Our  trip  was  tiresome  and  uncomfortable,  our 
train  occupying  all  night  in  the  trip.  We  entered  the  depot  on  the 
morning  of  the  28th,  and,  disembarking,  we  spent  a  few  hours  with  arms 
stacked  awaiting  further  orders.  Up  to  this  time  the  regiment  knew 
little  pertaining  to  our  destination,  nor  did  they  care,  so  that  it  led 
them  to  get  a  crack  at  the  rebs. 

During  the  day  the  regiment  moved  to  the  landing  about  three 
miles  below  Louisville,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  falls  of  the  Ohio.  Here 
lay  a  number  of  steamers  receiving  freight  and  taking  on  board 
thousands  of  troops  as  well  as  army  supplies  of  all  kinds.  Many 
regiments,  like  our  own,  were  at  the  wharf  waiting  to  go  on  board  of 
some  one  of  the  many  steamers  lying  anchored  in  the  river.  The 
92d,  36th  and  89th  Ohio  regiments  had  just  arrived  from  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  also  the  26th  Ohio,  from  the  Kanawha,  all  of  which  gave 
the  place  and  its  surroundings  a  warlike  appearance,  and  gave  evi- 
dence of  big  things  to  come. 

On  Thursday,  January  29,  the  113th  went  aboard  the  splendid 
steamer  Saint  Patrick.  Here  we  lay  awaiting  the  movement  of  the 
twenty  or  more  steamers  forming  a  fleet  of  great  magnitude,  and  in- 
tended for  some  decisive  part  in  the  great  drama  of  the  future.  We 
had  now  been  in  the  service  nearly  six  months,  during  which  time 
we  had  not  made  the  actjuaintance  of  the  paymaster,  but  on  the  30th 


35^  Our  Knapsack. 

that  official  made  his  appearance,  and  i)aid  our  dues  for  the  jjeriod 
ending  December  31,  1862,  making  no  inc  onsideral)le  roll  of  green- 
backs, and  enabling  the  members  of  the  regiment  to  send  home 
considerable  money  after  retaining  sufficient  for  their  personal  wants. 
While  here,  Captain  H.  Z.  Adams,  of  Company  (r,  tendered  his 
resignation,  and  instead  of  leading  his  brave  comj^any  to  victory  and 
renown,  returned  to  the  bosom  of  his  family  and  friends  to  spend  his 
days  at  his  advanced  age  in  the  more  (juiet  occupation  and  peaceful 
pursuits  of  a  preacher  of  the  Cospel.  No  one  ([uestions  his  judgment 
or  doubts  his  patriotism  in  thus  retiring  to  private  life. 

Sunday,  February  i.  The  Jacob  Strader  has  just  ])assed  down 
loaded  to  the  water's  edge  with  blue  patriots  ;  now  our  own  vessel 
swings  out  into  the  stream,  and  is  in  hot  pursuit.  Others  follow,  one 
after  another,  until  twenty  or  more  burdened,  puffing  steamers,  carry- 
ing 18,000  or  20,000  trooj^s,  are  in  line,  forming  a  spectacle  seldom 
seen  in  war  or  peace.  Many  a  brave  heart  beat  doubtfully  as  our 
formidable  fleet  descended  the  Ohio.  Our  passage  down  the  majestic 
Ohio  was  a  pleasant  one  in  some  resjjects.  The  Saint  Patrick  was  a 
fast  boat,  and  in  going  down  she  passed  a  number  of  other  steamers, 
creating  on  board  of  each  the  wildest  enthusiasm.  On  the  way,  Cap- 
tain Peck  was  taken  suddenly  and  dangerously  sick  with  spasms  and 
other  violent  symptoms,  which  continued  with  severity  lor  twenty-four 
hours.  It  was  deemed  best  that  in  his  weak  condition  he  be  given 
more  quiet  and  rest  than  he  could  get  on  the  boat,  preparatory  to  his 
returning  home,  and  he  was  accordingly  put  ashore  at  Evansville, 
and  provided  with  such  nursing  and  care  as  his  condition  demanded. 
On  the  morning  of  January  3d,  we  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  were  soon  in  line  with  other  steamers,  barges  and 
gunboats  ready  for  the  asceht  of  that  beautiful  stream. 

The  sun  rose  clear  and  beautiful ;  not  a  cloud  obscured  her  l)right- 
ness.  Seldom  does  the  eye  behold  a  sight  more  im])osing  and 
beautiful ;  nor  does  the  ear  often  in  a  lifetime  drink  in  such  rich 
music  than  it  was  my  pleasure  to  enjoy  on  that  January  morning. 
All  hearts  seemed  enlivened  with  the  exhilarating  scene.  The  curl- 
ing smoke  as  it  rose  in  fleecy  columns  high  in  air,  flags  waving  and 
banners  floating,  all  conspired  to  enhance  the  beauty  of  the  scene, 
and  to  impress  it  upon  the  mind  and  heart  in  a  manner  never  to  be 
forgotten. 

Moving  on  our  joyous  way  up  the  Cumberland,  nothing  took  place 
to  mar  the  pleasure  of  the  trip  till  late  in  the  afternoon  of  our  first 
day,  when  the  sound  of  booming  cannon  broke  in  on  the  stillness  of 
the  scene.  At  a  signal  from  our  flagshii)  the  gunboats  belonging  to 
our  fleet  ascended  rapidly,  leaving  the  long  line  of  steamers  in  the 
rear,  and  hurr)'ing  on  they  reached  the  scene  of  conflict  in  time  to 
do  effective  work  in  turning  the  tide  of  battle  in  our  favor  at  the  last 
hard  fought  battle  of  Fort  Donelson.  As  our  fleet  a]jproached  the 
scene  of  conflict  late  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening  it  was  with  difficulty 
we  escaped  the  designed  destruction  from  numerous  barges,  flats  and 
other  combustible  matter  sent  blazing  down  the  river  to  intercept  our 
fleet 


Otir  Knapsack.  357 


Early  next  morning,  in  company  with  a  number  of  Union  men,  I 
went  over  the  field  and  counted  more  than  a  hundred  rebel  dead, 
scattered  here  and  there  as  they  fell  under  the  well-directed  fire  of 
the  boys  in  blue.  I  visited  the  hospital  and  prescribed  for  many  of 
the  rebel  wounded,  among  whom  I  found  a  Dr.  Mulkie,  Surgeon  of 
the  3d  Georgia  Cavalry,  badly,  if  not  fatally,  wounded,  to  whose 
temporary  relief  I  ministered  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  tempered 
with  such  kind  words  and  sympathy  as  the  poor  man,  dying  far  from 
home  and  friends,  was,  though  an  enemy,  entitled  to.  Besides  the 
killed  and  wounded  a  goodly  number  of  rebels  were  taken  prisoners. 
Among  the  more  noted  dead  found  upon  the  field  was  a  Brigadier 
General  McNary,  Colonel  Coffin,  of  Missouri,  and  Colonel  Hendrick, 
of  the  4th  Alabama.  The  rebel  dead  left  on  the  field  numbered 
over  two  hundred.  Our  loss  was  about  thirty,  among  whom  was  the 
gallant  Captain  Reed,  of  the  83d  Illinois,  who  was  shot  through  the 
neck  and  instantly  killed,  just  as  he  was  leading  a  desperate  charge 
on  the  enemy.  His  body  was  sent  home.  Surgeon  Black,  of  the 
1 13th,  exerted  his  acknowledged  skill  in  rendering  efficient  aid  by 
prompt  attendance  upon  the  wounded  of  both  friend  and  foe. 

The  gunboat  Lexington,  one  of  the  six  gunboats  of  our  fleet, 
reached  the  scene  of  action  in  time  to  take  a  part.  She  was  no  ordi- 
nary boat  but  had  already  made  herself  famous.  Going  on  board 
of  her  I  was  courteously  treated  by  her  officers,  one  of  whom 
pointed  out  her  points  of  interest.  He  informed  me  that  her  64 
pound  gun  killed  170  men  at  one  shot  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  on 
her  arrival  here  on  this  occasion  one  of  her  shots  killed  12  rebels 
and  8  horses. 

The  most  dangerous  part  of  our  trip  was  yet  to  be  passed  over. 
Our  fleet  waited  for  the  arrival  of  Major  General  Granger,  who,  upon 
his  arrival,  took  charge  of  steamers  and  their  convoy  of  gunboats. 
On  the  morning  of  the  6th  we  again  started  upward.  It  was  a  most 
imposing  sight.  Soon  after  getting  under  way  an  American  eagle, 
that  noble  bird  of  liberty,  soared  high  in  the  air  above  us.  This 
was  regarded  as  an  omen  of  good.  We  were  expecting  trouble  at 
several  points  ahead  before  reaching  Nashville,  especially  at  "  Harp- 
er's Shoals,"  where  the  rebels  had  recently  burned  the  gunboat 
Pinchback,  and  several  of  our  steamboats,  taking  many  prisoners. 
These  Shoals  are  fifty  or  sixty  miles  above  Fort  Donelson,  and  are 
nearly  five  miles  in  length ;  they  are  rapid  ajid  so  dangerous  to  navi- 
gation as  to  make  it  desirable  to  pass  them  in  daylight.  Whistle 
signals  had  been  adopted  by  our  fleet  which  all  boats  in  line  were 
required  to  observe.  One  whistle  meant,  go  slow  ;  two,  keep  a  prop- 
er distance  apart ;  three,  close  up;  four,  stop;  one  short  and  one 
long,  back ;  one  short  and  two  long,'  we  are  attacked ;  two  short  and 
one  long,  assistance  wanted ;  one  long  and  three  short,  get  under 
way ;  one  long,  two  short  and  one  long,  stop,  tie  up  and  await  orders. 

On  the  evening  of  February  7th  we  reached  the  noted  city  of 
Nashville,  having  passed  Clarksville,  the  Shoals,  and  other  dangerous 
l)laces  unmolested   by  the  enemy.     Our   long  and  venturesome  trip 


358  Our  Kfiapsack. 

ft 

from  l.Duisvillc  to  Naslivillc,  down  the  ( )hio  and  u|)  the  C!iunl)crland, 
bcin^  now  ended,  we  had  only  to  disembark  and  uujve  out  to  the 
front.  Before  leaving  the  city  for  more  stirring  and  warlike  scenes, 
1  found  time  to  visit  parts  of  the  city.  I  also  visited  a  number  of 
hospitals,  and  witnessed  an  amputation  at  the  shoulder  joint  and 
other  interesting  operations.  I  made  a  visit  to  the  State  House,  of 
which  Nashville  may  well  l)e  proud,  and  stopped  reverently  at  the 
tomb  of  K.\-Presidenl  I'olk,  situated  in  the  front  yard  of  the  elegant 
mansi'^n  occupied  by  his  widow. 

Notwithstanding,  the  eye  could  see  much  to  admire  in  this  once 
beautiful  city,  yet  the  finger  marks  of  war's  desolating  hand  were 
seen  everywhere,  and  many  parts  of  the  city  were  in  a  dilapidated 
condition. 

We  marched  out  of  tiie  city,  and,  going  four  or  five  miles  south- 
ward, camped  in  a  beautiful  grove.  From  the  fatigue  and  exposure 
attending  our  long  trip,  and  consequent  close  confinement  on  the 
steamer,  many  of  the  men,  in  spite  of  the  best  efforts  of  Surgeon  Black 
and  myself,  were  taken  sick  in  such  numbers  that  four  hospital  tents 
were  filled  with  those  unfit  for  duty. 

February  12.  Orders  having  been  received  to  march  to  the  front, 
Surgeon  Black  thought  it  best  to  send  most  of  our  sick  then  on  hand 
to  the  general  hosi)ital  at  Nashville.  Many  of  these,  sad  to  relate, 
never  again  left  this  city  of  pestilence  and  death. 

The  113th,  under  command  of  Colonel  Wilcox,  acconij^anied  by 
the  field  and  staff  officers,  in  company  with  a  number  of  other  regi- 
ments, forming  a  brigade,  under  the  command  of  (xeneral  Gilbert, 
left  early  the  same  morning  for  Franklin.  Surgeon  Black  acconi- 
])anied  the  H3th  in  its  forward  movement,  while  I  was  directed  to 
remain  with  and  attend  to  those  who  were  i)hysically  unable  to  move 
on  to  the  front.  Captain  Taylor,  Company  B,  and  a  sufficient  guard, 
were  left  with  us  until  a  proper  disposition  was  made  with  the  sick, 
after  which  they  also  moved  on  to  Franklin. 

.An  additional  large  number  of  our  sick  was  sent  to  general  hospi- 
tal at  Nashville,  many  of  whom,  for  lack  of  proper  treatment  or  other 
causes,  met  the  fate  of  their  comrades  {previously  placed  there. 
'Fhese  had  desired  and  expected  to  be  able  soon  to  stand  in  their 
places  in  the  ranks  with  their  comrades,  shaiing  with  them  the  glory 
and  destiny  of  the  command.  But,  alas,  how  uncertain  was  human 
life  in  our  overcrowded  l\ospitals  at  Nashville  during  the  winter  and 
spring  of  1863.  Our  sick  being  thus  disposed  of,  we  joined  our 
forces  in  camp  at  Franklin.  The  remainder  of  February  was  without 
any  incident  of  note,  but  March  was  ushered  in  with  more  active 
oi)erations  of  a  military  character,  for  the  great  concentration  of 
troops  and  the  other  war-like  preparations  going  on  in  and  around 
Franklin  plainly  indicated  an  advance  further  south. 

Surgeon  Black  having  been  assigned  to  duty  in  the  general  hospital 
at  Franklin,  left  me  for  a  time  alone  in  attending  the  surgical  and 
medical  wants  of  the  1 13th,  which  labors  proving  too  great  for  my 
health  and  strength,  Dr.  Black  was  returned  to  the  regiment. 


Our  Knapsack.  359 

On  the  5th  of  March  loud  cannonading  was  heard  in  the  direction 
of  Spring  Hill,  a  town  of  some  size  ten  miles  or  more  to  the  south. 
At  12  o'clock,  noon,  the  long  roll  sounded  in  our  camp,  and  the  1 13th 
and  125th  Ohio  Regiments  were  soon  marching  rapidly  toward  the 
noise  of  battle.  The  cannonading  grew  more  and  more  distinct  as  we 
neared  the  field,  and  the  roar  of  musketry  indicated  that  hot  work 
was  at  hand,  and  that  those  who  had  been  so  long  spoiling  for  a 
fight  would  now  be  gratified.  Our  brigade  was  posted  at  a  turn  in 
the  road  and  behind  a  stone  wall,  waiting  for  the  pursuit  of  the 
enemy  on  the  expected  falling  back  of  our  troops  engaged  in  the 
fight. 

I  was  seated  on  my  horse,  near  my  ambulances,  with  everything 
in  readiness  to  give  attention  to  the  wounded,  and  to  convey  them  to 
a  place  of  safety.  Every  moment  was  big  with  exciting  interest. 
While  thus  waiting,  one  of  the  ambulance  drivers,  pale  and  trembling, 
asked  to  be  permitted  to  drive,  down  a  little  under  the'  hill.  The 
presence  of  my  revolver  and  the  threat  that  I  would  blow  his  head 
off  in  case  he  moved,  kept  him  in  his  place.  The  driver  of  the  other 
ambulance,  equally  exposed,  seemed  totally  indifferent,  and  whistled 
and  sung  "  Yankee  Doodle  "  alternately. 

This  hotly  contested  battle,  which  lasted  for  hours,  with  about 
equal  forces  opposing,  finally  was  a  drawn  one.  The  enemy,  under 
Van  Dorn,  Forest  and  Jackson,  numbering  close  to  twenty  thousand 
men,  fell  back  to  Spring  Hill,  carrying  with  them  fifty  or  sixty  of  our 
wounded.  Our  troops  fell  back  to  Franklin,  and  rested  on  their  arms 
during  the  night,  expecting  a  renewal  of  the  conflict  on  the  follow- 
ing day. 

An  incident  of  the  day,  unusual  on  the  battle  field,  deserves  men- 
tion :  A  young  man  was  visiting  his  brother,  a  member  of  an  Indiana 
regiment,  and  concluded  to  go  out  and  see  a  battle  for  the  first  time 
in  his  life.      He  was  shot  and  instantly  killed. 

Following  the  engagement,  and  for  several  days  in  succession, 
great  numbers  of  Union  troops  were  concentrated  at  Franklin. 
These  troops  were  commanded  by  Oenerals  Granger,  Baird,  Gilbert 
and  Sheridan,  and  the  enemy  under  Van  Dorn,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Spring  Hill  was  menaced,  but  fled  to  a  place  of  safety.  Van  Dorn 
was  nicely  ensconsed  at  the  splendid  mansion  of  one  of  the  wealthiest 
rebels  in  Spring  Hill,  fascinated  and  feasting  upon  charms  not  found 
in  the  every-day  life  of  a  Major  General,  and  in  the  line  of  duly,  and 
which  proved  his  overthrow,  as  will  appear  further  on. 

On  the  afternoon  of  March  9th  he  gathered  together  liis  Brigadiers 
and  their  several  hosts  and  retired,  taking  with  them  their  wounded 
and  some  of  ours,  leaving  eleven  of  the  latter  in  an  old  church  near 
by  to  fall  into  the  hand.s  of  their  friends.  Our  forces  occupied  the 
town  the  same  evening  and  I  happened  to  secure  (luarters  at  the 
identical  house  which  had  been  the  headquarters  of  Van  Dorn.  1 
found  the  room  strewn  with  papers  and  documents  jjcrtaining  to  the 
office  of  the  rebel  chief.  Soon  after  occupying  my  quarters,  an  order 
came  forme  to  go  and  dress  the  wounds  of  the  eleven  Union  soldiers 


360  Out    Ktiiipsiiik. 

in  llic  old  church  before  mentioned.  Hastily  ])artakiiig  of  ;i  suinptu- 
ous  meal  prepared  by  order  of  my  host,  whose  safety  and  protection 
lie  wished  to  purchase  by  his  affability  and  kindness,  1  rejjaired  to 
the  prison  house  of  the  wounded,  with  all  needed  bandages  and 
dressing,  accompanied  by  my  assistant,  ready  for  the  duty  assigned 
me.  Finding  the  door  barricaded  and  all  within  still  and  dark,  I 
feared  I  had  missed  the  object  of  my  search,  but  after  rattling  at  the 
door  for  a  while  and  making  known  the  object  of  my  visit,  1  was 
admitted  into  the  dark  prison  house  of  my  wounded  comrades. 
They  were  much  pleased  at  my  visit.  Having  no  light  nor  materials 
for  [iroducing  it,  I  sent  my  assistant  into  a  brick  mansion  near  by  to 
procure  one.  He  soon  returned  and  reported  that  they  said  they  had 
none  for  us.  I  had  him  return  and  tell  them  that  unless  they 
furnished  all  the  light  needed  for  the  occasion,  a  ten  pounder  would 
be  leveled  at  their  house  and  fired  off  for  their  especial  benefit.  The 
assistant  obeyed  and  soon  returned  with  the  needed  light,  bringing 
also  the  apologies  of  the  household  for  their  non-compliance  with 
my  first  request,  and  a  humble  re(iuest  to  do  them  no  harm.  The 
following  are  the  names  and  regiments  of  the  wounded  :  William  H. 
Brotherton,  Sergeant  Company  G,  85th  Indiana;  John  (j.  Rawley, 
private,  C'ompany  (1,  22d  Wisconsin;  John  Baker,  private.  Company 
1,  33d  Indiana;  James  Burgal,  private.  Company  I),  33d  Indiana  ; 
jas.  A.  Comstock,  private,  33d  Indiana;  Wells  (lallexson,  ("ompany 
(r,  22d  Indiana  ;  W.  C.  McNett,  private.  Company  C,  19th  Michigan  ; 
Aaron  I.  Buckan,  Company  C,  19th  Michigan  ;  Edward  Cromer, 
private,  19th  Michigan;  Benjamin  (ireen,  private  Company  I,  19th 
Michigan;   David  Dollinger,  private.  Company  D,  r9th  Michigan. 

These  wounded  men  had  been  paroled  by  the  enemy  before  being 
left.  1  found  them  in  the  dark,  without  fire  or  blankets  to  protect  them 
from  the  cold,  and  with  no  hand  of  mercy  to  minister  to  their  wants. 
They  told  me  that  as  soon  as  they  were  taken  by  the  rebels,  their 
coats  and  most  of  their  other  clothing  were  taken  by  their  unfeeling 
captors,  and  not  satisfied  with  this  booty,  the  rebels  rifled  the 
pockets  of  the  prisoners,  taking  everything  of  value  and  appropriat- 
ing the  same  to  their  own  use.  They  mentioned  other  heartless  acts 
perpetrated  upon  them. 

While  engaged  in  dressing  the  wounds  of  these  men,  I  noticed  a 
gentleman,  dressed  as  a  citizen,  who  apjjcared  ipiite  interested,  and 
who  gave  close  attention  to  all  my  professional  acts,  but  as  he  asked 
no  (juestions  nor  made  any  remarks  his  presence  gave  me  no  concern. 

Finally,  when  I  was  about  leaving  the  house  he  said,  "  Well, 
Doctor,  you  have  done  very  well  to-night.  1  am  much  pleased  with 
the  skill  and  ability  which  you  have  e.xhibited  in  the  work  i)erformed." 
I  said,  "  Sir,  will  you  please  inform  me  whom  I  have  the  honor  of 
addressing.'"  Judge  of  my  surprise  when  he  informed  me  that  my 
visitor  was  Dr.  Varian,  a  Medical  Director  of  the  C.  S.  A.  Before 
we  parted  he  remarked  to  me  that  as  a  great  battle  was  expected  to 
come  off  to-morrow  he  wished  to  detail  me  lor  a  particular  service. 
This  was  my  first  interview  and  acquaintance,  but  not  my  last  inter- 


Our  Knapsack.  361 

view  and  happy  experience  with  the  "  Medical  Director  of  the  Army 
of  Kentucky." 

My  eleven  patients  were  next  morning  placed  in  ambulances  and 
taken  to  the  general  hospital  at  Franklin. 

After  a  refreshing  night  of  rest  in  the  bed  last  tuml)led  by  the 
rebel  chief.  \'an  Dorn,  and  having  attended  to  my  eleven  patients 
previous  to  their  leaving  for  the  hospital,  as  before  stated,  I  sought  to 
learn  what  I  could  of  the  family  of  my  lo(piacious  and  genial  host. 
He  had  two  sons  and  one  son-in-law  in  the  rebel  armies  ;  that  General 
Van  Dorn  had  for  weeks  past  made  Spring  Hill  his  headcpiarters, 
stopping  all  the  while  in  the  house  and  partaking  of  the  hospitality 
of  this  gentleman.  He  expressed  himself  as  being  pleased  to  extend 
to  me  and  others  the  courtesy  and  welcome  of  his  house,  and 
expressed  a  desire  tliat  we  would  exert  ourselves  in  protecting  his 
person  and  property  from  violence,  on  account  of  his  house  having 
been  the  headipiarters  of  the  Confederate  general  and  his  staff.  I 
assured  him  that  no  harm  should  come  to  him  for  what  he  had  done 
in  the  past,  but  ni)-  earnest  advice  to  him  would  be  to  espouse  the 
Union  cause,  which  in  the  end  was  sure  to  triumph.  How  far  I 
succeeded  in  turning  him  from  the  error  of  his  way  I  dare  not  say, 
but  judging  from  what  I  saw  in  the  person  of  his  daughter  to  whom 
1  was  introduced,  and  whose  husband  was  a  surgeon  in  the  rebel 
army,  I  fear  my  advice  was  not  taken  according  to  the   prescription. 

Stepping  aside  from  the  narration  of  warlike  events,  1  need  not  ask 
the  reader's  pardon  for  a  passing  notice  of  this  lady.  She  was  char 
acterized  by  very  striking  southern  proclivities,  and  in  attempting  a 
pen  picture  of  her  I  shall  not  indulge  in  any  extravagant  hyperbole. 
She  was  a  brunette  of  some  twenty  or  more  years  of  age,  possessing 
form  and  features  that  might  be  considered  beautiful.  Her  general 
appearance  and  conversation  indicated  refinement  and  culture.  She 
was  an  adept  in  vocal  and  instrumental  music,  of  which  she  gave 
ample  demonstration.  She  espoused  the  cause  of  the  South  with 
unusual  spirit,  telling  what  she  would  do  if  she  were  a  man,  and 
exhibited  such  zeal  and  pathos  that  I  almost  began  to  think  that  it 
was  a  happy  thing  for  the  Union  cause  that  she  chanced  to  be  a 
woman,  while  at  the  same  time,  as  the  sequel  shows,  it  was  a  misfor- 
tune to  the  Confederacy  that  she  had  not  been  a  man. 

The  much  injured  husband  of  this  spirited  woman,  on  a  recent 
visit  home,  learned  facts  concerning  his  wife  and  General  Van  Dorn 
that  so  fired  his  brain  and  crazed  his  mind  that  he  rushed  back  to 
cam]),  e:itered  the  (ieneral's  tent,  on  retributive  justice  bent,  and 
drawing  a  revolver  shot  him  dead  on  the  spot.  Then  flying  quickly 
to  the  Union  lines,  he  sought  i)rotection  and  safety  under  the  flag  he 
had  so  long  abused  and  insulted. 

.\lt hough  this  loth  of  March  was  big  with  excitement  and  expecta- 
tion of  blood  and  carnage,  there  was  but  little  fighting  done.  Had 
the  enemy  given  us  fight  instead  of  retreating,  our  gallant  113th 
would  have  found  the  opportunity  they  had  long  waited  for  to 
distinguish  themselves  and  extinguish  the  enemy. 

43 


^(^2  Our  Knapidck. 

How  unlike  arc  the  rights  and  privileges  in  the  army  as  shown  by 
what  fell  under  my  observatin  to-day.  As  our  brigade  was  resting  a 
short  time  about  the  middle  of  the  day,  near  a  farm  house,  a  soldier 
noticed  a  well  grown  chicken  straying  too  far  from  the  barnyard,  and 
immediately  gave  chase  with  fixed  bayonet,  endeavoring  at  each 
iiuccessive  turn  to  transfix  his  game.  Unlucky  fellow!  While  so 
intent  on  pursuit  that  he  could  see  naught  but  the  receding  and 
terrified  biddie,  an  officer,  whose  buttons  denoted  rank,  with  sword 
lifted  high  brought  uj)  the  rear  with  a  blow,  and  a  threat  that  if  that 
thing  occurred  again  the  offender  would  be  made  to  suffer.  Just  as 
this  scene  closed  General  Haird's  Chief  of  Staff,  mounted  on  an  ele- 
gant horse  and  leading  its  mate,  rode  up  to  the  mansion  door  and 
informed  the  owner  of  the  horses  that  as  (General  Haird  wanted  the 
horses  he  would  appropriate  them  to  the  use  and  benefit  of  the 
government,  and  so  doing  he  rode  of  with  them,  notwithstanding  the 
cries  of  the  family. 

The  army  failing  to  meet  tlie  foe,  could  only  return  to  Franklin. 
It  was,  indeed,  an  imposing  sight  to  witness  such  a  formidable  dis- 
play of  military  pomp  as  was  seen  that  day  by  terrified  hundreds  of 
inhabitants  along  the  Columbia  jjike,  as  our  long  dark  columns  moved 
northward  in  a  continuous  line,  which  occupied  two  hours  in  passing 
a  given  point. 

Stopping  to  recuperate  and  rest  a  little  at  the  house  of  my  old 
rebel  host  while  the  somewhat  scattered  forces  of  our  column  were 
passing  through  the  town,  I  chanced,  from  great  fatigue,  to  fall 
asleep,  and  no  one  of  the  family  deigning  to  awaken  me,  I  slept  on 
until  the  entire  army  had  passed  and  the  rear  guard  was  out  of  sight. 
Suddenly  awakened  by  the  cessation  of  noises  or  other  causes,  I 
sprang  to  my  feet,  and,  looking  out  of  the  window,  saw  my  perilous 
situation.  Hastening  from  the  house  without  saying  "good  bye"  to 
my  entertainers,  I  mounted  my  horse,  and  was  soon  dashing  toward 
Franklin,  just  as  a  squad  of  mounted  rebels  rode  into  town  a  few 
rods  in  the  rear  of  me.  Their  command  to  halt  was  disregarded, 
and  a  number  of  shots  fired  at  me  went  wide  of  thie  mark.  A  ride 
of  a  few  miles  brought  me  to  my  place  in  the  line  of  march,  and  the 
lesson  I  had  learned  by  loitering  on  the  way  was  not  soon  forgotten. 
Reaching  Franklin,  we  occupied  our  former  camj^s,  and  were  soon 
again  performing  the  routine  duties  of  the  every -day  life  of  a  soldier. 

April  I.  I  wrote  to  (ieneral  (iarfield  for  a  pass  from  General 
Rosecrans  for  my  wife  and  a  lady  nurse  to  visit  the  camp  hospital. 
Steward  Wells,  after  long  and  faithful  service,  left  to-day  for  home, 
on  account  of  physical  disability.  Also  Lieutenant  Toland,  being 
unable  for  duty,  goes  home  on  a  leave  of  absence.  Foor  John  Price 
died  to-day.  He  belonged  to  Company  C;  his  disease  was  conges- 
tion of  the  brain.  On  the  3d  we  were  honored-  by  a  visit  from  two 
officers  of  General  Rosecrans'  staff.  They  complimented  us  highly 
on  the  neat  api)earance  and  sanitary  condition  of  our  hospital. 

Cieorge  Horton,  Company  C,  died  on  the  8th  in  the  regimental 
hospital.     His   death    was   occasioned   by   congestion   of  the   lungs. 


Our  Knapsack.  363 

Captain  David  Taylor,  Jr.,  Company  B,  on  account  of  failing  health, 
left  to-day  for  the  North.  1  accompanied  him  as  far  as  Nashville, 
and,  with  feelings  of  fond  regret,  waved  the  hand  of  farewell  to 
him  as  he  passed  out  of  the  depot  homeward  bound. 

April  18.  Arthur  Wharton,  Company  B,  died  to-day  of  typhoid 
fever.     He  leaves  a  wife  and  four  little  children. 

May  was  ushered  in  with  a  little  more  incidents  than  usual, 
for,  before  the  day  dawned,  the  113th  went  out  in  the  stillness  of  the' 
morning,  going  several  miles  in  the  direction  of  Spring  Hill,  routing 
two  rebel  camps,  killing  several,  and  taking  a  number  of  prisoners. 
The  only  loss  on  our  part  was  Billie,  our  favorite  ambulance  driver, 
who  was  mentioned  before  as  singing  and  whistling  on  a  former  occa- 
sion near  the  same  place.  Poor  fellow ;  he  was  shot  dead  on  his 
seat  in  the  ambulance.  His  body  was  brought  to  camp  and  buried 
beside  a  large  elm  tree,  on  which  I  engraved  his  name  and  fate,  after 
breaking  the  sad  news  in  a  letter  to  his  mother. 

My  own  health  and  strength,  which  began  to  fail  in  early  spring, 
brought  on  by  increased  duties  imposed  by  the  absence  of  Surgeon 
Black  from  the  regiment  attending  to  the  duties  of  Medical  Director, 
and  other  responsibilities  to  which  he  was  called,  now  rapidly  grew 
worse,  after  experiencing  a  shock  assimilating  sun-stroke  on  the  24th 
day  of  April  past,  while  attending  duties  assigned  me  at  Nashville, 
that  Assistant  Surgeon  Tipton  had  to  be  recalled  from  other  duties 
and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  regiment.  This  change  took  place  on 
the  3d  of  May.  I  remained  on  duty  in  the  regiment,  notwithstand- 
ing my  feeble  health,  and  gave  assistance  to  Surgeon  Tipton  as  best 
1  could  during  the  pendency  of  my  resignation,  which  was  tendered 
on  account  of  physical  disability,  at  the  suggestion  and  by  the  advice 
of  Colonel  Mitchell  and  other  officers  of  the  command.  My  honor- 
able discharge  was  received  from  Headquarters  on  the  13th  and 
dated  the  nth,  making  me  once  more  a  free  man. 

On  Monday,  May  18,  1863,  I  bade  farewell  to  many  warm  friends 
in  camp,  and,  in  company  with  my  wife  and  hospital  nurse,  Lang- 
staff,  who  went  home  on  sick  leave,  I  started  for  Nashville,  where  1 
arrived  the  same  evening,^;/  route  for  Northern  Ohio,  where  1  arrived 
in  safety  on  the  26th  day  of  May,  1863. 

In  closing  this  hurriedly  written  sketch  of  my  nine  months'  service 
with  the  113th  O.  V.  1.,  I  tender  many  grateful  and  heartfelt  thanks 
to  all  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  that  regiment  for  the  respect 
and  kindness  universally  shown  me,  and  1  shall  ever  cherish  their 
friendship  and  acquaintance,  which  now,  after  a  lapse  of  twenty 
years,  seems  sweeter,  purer  and  dearer.  Could  my  health  and 
strength  have  held  out,  how  happy  I  would  have  been  to  have  gone 
on  to  the  end  and  shared  in  greater  honors  so  bravely  won,  but  I 
must  content  myself  in  appropriating  only  a  limited  share  of  the 
honor  and  glory  encircling  the  brow  of  the  many  brave  boys  of  one 
of  Ohio's  favorite  regiments,  who  fought  so  bravely  to  the  end  of 
the  war.  A.   Harlow, 

First  Asst.  Surgeon,  113th  O.    V.  I. 


.^<>4  Our   Knapsack. 

AN  AkMN    ri:mi.\isci-:nck.--- 


A    M    irKK   WKIl   li:\    l!\     AN    I-.X-INKIN    1M<ISI»X1.K. 


Annai'oi.is,  Mil,  J)i;;//i/>ri    J.  jS6j. 
Ml.    Williai/i   \\'iiisl{rn<  iiiii/  otiiii  s  : 

Vou  already  know  tliat  1  have  been  a  prisoner  and  ani  now  free. 
Yes,  it  is  all  over  again,  and  1  would  lose  my  right  arm,  yea,  rather 
would  1  lose  life  itself  llian  trust  myself  to  the  tentler  mercies  of  the 
rebel  government. 

1  will  give  you  a  brief,  unvarnished  account  of  my  captivity,  and 
while  1  would  not  appeal  to  your  sympathy  on  my  own  behalf,  for 
with  me  it  is  all  over,  but  there  are  yet  more  than  12,000  loyal  Union 
soldiers  still  enduring  the  horrors  and  indignities  I  here  describe. 

Soon  after  our  regiment  became  engaged  at  C'hickamauga,  Sejitem- 
ber  20,  1863,  1  was  struck  by  a  minnie  ball  which  passed  entirely 
through  my  left  breast,  and  just  under  the  bone  of  my  left  arm 
where  it  joins  to  the  shoulder.  I  was  taken  to  the  rear,  and  in  the 
retreat  later  in  the  day  I  was  left  at  a  citizen's  house  about  seven 
miles  from  Chattanooga,  and  four  or  five  miles  from  the  field  of 
battle.  Here  I  remained  all  night.  There  were  150  of  our 
wounded  at  and  near  this  place,  and  only  enough  ambulances  coidd 
be  had  to  carry  away  fifty  at  a  time.  Two  trips  had  already  been 
made  and  we  were  waiting  for  their  return,  when  a  scpiad  of  rebel 
cavalry  rode  up  and  we  were  prisoners.  Lieutenant  Wheelock  was 
of  the  original  number,  but  he  was  taken  away  early  in  the  morning 
by  our  ambulances.  He  was  very  badly  wounded  and  could  scarcely 
speak  when  he  left 

The  number  who  fell  in  the  enemy's  hands  was  fifty-three 
wounded  and  thirty-four  well  men  who  were  left  to  attend  the 
wounded.     Besides  these  there  were  four  Confederates. 

The  first  thing  our  captors  did  was  to  march  twenty-eight  of  our 
well  men  to  the  rear  of  their  army,  leaving  si.\  to  care  for  us,  the 
wounded.  Being  inside  the  rebel  line  we  were  left  to  shift  for  our- 
selves. The  lady  at  whose  house  we  were,  gave  us  what  we  did  get 
to  eat,  but  she  could  do  but  little  to  supply  the  wants  of  fifty  men. 
Here  1  remained  a  whole  week.  The  rebels  gave  us  nothing  to  eat, 
and  even  refused  us  an  ear  of  corn  to  parch.  Quite  a  number  of 
the  wounded  died  for  the  lack  of  i)roper  medical  attention. 

Having  no  pros|)ect  l)efore  me  but  death  by  starvation  and  lack  of 
care,  1  struck  off  into  the  woods,  ho[)ing  by  the  utmost  caution  J 
might  avoid  the  troops  of  the  enemy  and  find  a  house  where  I  might 
get  something  to  satisfy  my  appetite.  1  was  so  weak  as  to  be 
hardly  able  to  walk,  but  at  the  close  of  the  first  day  I  found  myself 
in  the  rear  of  the  rebel  infantry  pickets.      I    stopped  at  a  house,  got 


*  I'he  writer  of  this  sketch  died  fnmi  the  effects  of  his  imprisonment,  Deeemher  31,  1863. 


Our  Knapsack.  365 


a  good  supper,  and  stayed  all  night.  The  family  treated  me  kindly, 
and  so  did  all  wherever  I  stopped,  with  one  exception. 

I  got  along  finely  and  received  much  aid  from  the  people  among 
the  mountains.  Many  of  them  said  that  their  hearts  were  for  the 
Union,  and  they  would  be  glad  to  help  me  but  feared  the  rebels. 
But  i  found  one  old  man  by  the  name  of  Sullivant,  in  I,ookout  Val- 
ley, whose  heart  beat  differently.  He  thought  the  Lord  would  curse 
him  if  he  gave  a  Yankee  anything  to  eat.  He  said  to  me  :  "Youens 
all  got  a  mighty  whipping  over  here,  but  it  was  good  for  you  ;  and 
yesterday  General  Wheeler  got  144  of  your  wagons  up  in  the  Valley, 
and  what  do  you  suppose  was  in  them.''  Nothing  at  all  but  silk 
dresses,  bureaus  and  band-boxes  and  such  things  as  you  villains  had 
stolen  from  us."  This  old  sinner  threatened  to  arrest  me  and  take 
me  to  General  Bragg 's  headciuarters,  but  I  managed  to  get  away  from 
him.  1  continued  moving  on  day  after  day,  and  at  length  found 
myself  across  Lookout  Mountain  and  within  six  miles  of  Trenton. 
So  much  aid  had  I  received  from  citizens  thus  far  that  I  began  to 
entertain  hopes  of  getting  to  Bridgeport,  which  was  only  sixteen 
miles  further.  But  the  rebels  had  possession  of  the  left  bank  of  the 
river  and  their  cavalry  scoured  the  whole  country,  far  and  wide, 
taking  all  the  stragglers  they  could  find  and  executing  summary  ven- 
geance upon  all  citizens  susj^ected  of  aiding  our  boys  through  the 
mountains. 

By  one  of  these  scouting  parties  I  was  at. length  taken,  and  by  them 
was  carried  before  General  Longstreet,  then  stationed  near  Rossville. 
I  was  finally  turned  over  to  the  provost  guard,  placed  in  the  guard- 
house with  a  number  of  deserters,  conscripts,  negroes  and  five 
federals. 

The  first  day  we  got  nothing  to  eat,  and  the  second  day  only  a 
little  corn  meal  and  fresh  beef;  and  so  it  went. 

One  night  nearly  all  the  guards  got  drunk.  The  sergeant  of  the 
guard-house,  who  was  also  drunk,  gave  orders  that  if  one  of  the 
damned  Yankees  moved  or  got  up  during  the  night,  to  shoot  him. 
At  last  on  the  i  ith  of  October  we  were  sent  to  Atlanta.  On  arriv- 
ing here  we  found  300  more  of  the  wounded  of  Chickamauga,  and 
two  days  later  we  were  all  started  by  rail  toward  Richmond.  The 
journey  was  a  very  hard  one,  as  we  were  crowded  into  filthy  cattle 
cars,  thirty-five  of  us  to  each  car. 

The  journey  to  Richmond  occupied  eight  days.  We  went  by  the 
way  of  Columbia,  Charlotte,  Raleigh  and  Petersburg.  Our  rations 
during  all  this  trip  consisted  of  twelve  crackers  and  a  pound  and  a 
half  of  pork.  Written  instructions  were  furnished  the  lieutenant 
having  us  in  charge  that  we  should  neither  be  allowed  to  buy  nor  to 
trade  for  anything  on  the  road,  nor  should  citizens  be  permitted  to 
speak  to  us  nor  to  furnish  us  a  piece  of  bread. 

Upon  arriving  at  Richmond  we  were  taken  at  once  to  Libby 
prison,  all  put  in  one  room  and  left  to  our  own  meditations.  Here 
we  remained  three  days,  during  which  time  we  received  but  two 
meals.       We   were  then   removed  and  quartered  in  a  brick  Ijuildiu"- 


joo  Our   Knaf^sark. 

w  hicli  in  limes  of  pcare  was  Vardbroiigli's  tobacco  factory,  but  was 
now  known  as  the  Franklin  Street  Hospital.  It  now  contained 
tlircc  hundred  sick  and  woundrd.  Some  of  these  had  rude  bunks, 
but  the  greater  numl)cr  were  s(  atleretl  promiscuously  over  the  lloor. 
As  fast  as  the  sick  (;r  wounded  became  able  to  walk  they  were  re- 
moved to  the  main  prison  and  others  were  brought  in  to  fill  their 
places,  so  that  in  a  short  time  only  such  remained  as  were  very  sick 
or  dangerously  wountled.  These  died  at  the  rate  of  from  five  to 
twelve  per  day.  1  remember  one  morning  that  five  men  were  placed 
side  by  side  and  in  two  days"  time  they  died  and  their  places  were 
filled  bv  others.  On  one  occasion  it  was  decided  to  parole  a  number 
of  the  prisoners,  and  the  officer  in  command  advised  the  surgeon  tt) 
selet  I  only  tliose  who  were  nearest  dead,  for  then  he  would  save  the 
expense  of  buying  coffins  for  them.  One  of  the  sick  men  asked  the 
doctor  if  he  thought  he,  the  prisoner,  would  recover  soon,  and  was 
told  that  he  did  not  want  him  to  get  well,  and  if  he  died  that  wouKl 
keep  him  from  fighting  them  again. 

Captain  Ross  struck  a  prisoner  in  the  face  one  morning  at  roll-call 
for  daring  to  ask  a  <pieslion,  accompanying  the  blow  with  the  vilest 
language  and  a  threat  that  if  he  opened  his  mouth  again  it  would  be 
at  the  risk  of  having  his  throat  cut,  and  at  other  times  this  same 
officer  beat  prisoners  in  a  brutal  manner,  and  it  is  reported  that  more 
than  one  was  shot  and  killed.     Such  is  chivalry! 

On  the  loth  of  November  I  was  taken  from  the  hospital  and 
placed  in  one  of  the  main  prisons.  This  was  a  tobacco  factory,  as 
were  all  the  prisons  in  Richmond,  1  think.  The  floor  was  very 
filthy,  many  of  the  windows  were  destitute  of  glass.  There  were  no 
stoves,  no  candles,  nor  any  means  of  heat  or  light ;  and  in  this  pen, 
dejirived  of  the  commonest  comforts  of  life,  eleven  hundred  Union 
soldiers  were  crowded  like  so  many  dumb  animals.  Our  l)lankets 
had  been  taken  from  us  when  we  were  first  captured  or  soon  after ; 
many  of  us  had  neither  hats,  shoes  nor  blouses.  Here  we  received 
one  meal  a  day,  and  this  consisted  of  six  or  eight  ounces  of  corn 
bread;  sometimes  this  was  sour  and  only  half  cooked,  sometimes  a 
small  ipiantity  of  boiled  rice  and  a  few  sweet  potatoes. 

These  men  were  the  heroes  of  the  war — had  faced  the  cannon's 
nioulh  at  Fort  Donelson,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga  and  other  bloody 
fields.  It  was  horrible  beyond  e.xpression  of  tongue  or  pen,  to  see 
these  brave  men,  gaunt  with  hunger  and  worn  out  by  fatigue  and  ex- 
jHJSure,  groping  in  the  darkness  like  so  many  specters. 

If  you  would  see  hunger,  woe  and  wretchedness  in  all  their 
deformity,  you  have  but  to  see  the  inmates  of  the  prisons  at  the 
capital  of  the  C.  S.  A. 

I  will  relate  one  or  two  instances  of  the  maiiy  which  came  under 
my  observation,  and  which,  though  too  horrible  for  belief,  are  the 
whole  truth. 

One  day  a  dog  came  into  the  "  Royster  Prison,"  and  the  boys 
managed  to  coax  him  away  from  the  owner.  They  then  killed  the 
animal  and  cooked  the  carcass  in  small  bits  in  their  tin-cups  b}-  hold- 


Our  Knapsack.  367 


ing  them  over  the  gas  jets  in  the  night,  this  prison  being  differently 
lighted  than  the  others.  When  cooked  the  mess  was  greedily  de- 
voured. Next  day  they  related  the  exploit  to  the  surgeon  and  to 
convince  him  of  its  truthfulness  exhibited  the  pelt  of  the  unfortun- 
ate canine. 

One  of  the  guards  saiiuggled  and  sold  to  one  of  the  prisoners,  who 
had  the  greenbacks  to  pay  for  them,  a  number  of  sweet  potato  pies. 
Of  these  he  ate  so  many  as  to  make  him  sick,  and  he  vomited  them 
off  his  stomach.  Two  of  his  comrades,  with  their  wooden  spoons, 
gathered  up  and  ate  the  rejected,  half-digested  mess.  It  sometimes 
happened  that  pieces  of  bread  from  the  cook-house  found  their  way 
into  the  swill-barrel,  and  in  such  cases  they  were  fished  out  and 
greedily  devoured  by  the  starving  men.  Old  beef  bones  which  had 
been  cast  aside  were  gathered  up,  pounded  to  fragments  and  made 
into  soup.  A  notice  in  a  Richmond  paper  read  like  this  :  "  Farmers 
and  others  who  may  have  cattle  of  any  kind  to  die  on  their  places, 
can  get  the  same  taken  away  and  be  liberally  compensated  besides 
by  making  application  at  this  office.     Commissary  of  Prisons." 

Shall  such  a,  conspiracy  be  upheld  and  supported  by  such  men 
and  by  such  means,  and  hope  to  succeed?  God  forbid.  Is  any 
sacrifice  too  great  if  by  making  it  this  southern  oligarchy  can  be 
crushed  to  the  earth  ?  The  feelings  1  now  entertain  for  this  misera- 
ble Confederacy  are  such  that  when  my  three  years  of  service  are 
ended,  if  the  war  be  not  ended  and  my  services  are  still  needed,  I 
shall  deem  it  a  privilege  to  again  enlist  that  I  may  do  further  service. 
I  am  not  yet  exchanged,  but  have  improved  greatly  in  my  general 
health  since  coming  here,  the  particulars  of  which  may  have  reached 
you  by  other  means.  Hope  to  visit  Hartford  soon.  Meanwhile 
thanking  you  for  your  kind  assistance  and  wishing  you  continued 
happiness  and  prosperity,  I  am  respectfully  yours, 


W.M.  H.  Lane. 


PRISON  SKETCH  OF  WARREN  C.    ROSE. 

I  was  born  at  Granville,  Ohio,  June  30,  1836,  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  I  went  West,  and  spent  three  years  teaching  in  Iowa  and 
Missouri.  Returning  to  Ohio,  I  attended  college  at  Marietta,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Freshman  Class  of  1861.  The  war  began,  and 
finally,  when  the  call  for  300,000  men  was  issued  by  the  lamented 
Lincoln,  1  thought  the  call  included  me,  and,  bidding  farewell  to 
college  life,  I  returned  to  (iranville.  Soon  after,  at  a  larg»  and 
enthusiastic  meeting  held  at  the  town  hall,  I  enlisted  for  three  years 
or  during  the  war.  My  name  was  first  on  the  list  of  what  afterward 
constituted  ComiKiny  I)  of  the  brave  and  invincible  113th  Ohio  Vol- 
unteer Infantry.  1  have  it  to  say  that  I  stood  at  ni)  post  and  did 
my  duty  with  my  company  up  to  the  hour  when  1  fell  into  the  hands 


368  Our  Knapsack, 

of  tlic  merciless  enemy  at  C'hickamauga.  For  a  few  clays  previous 
lo  the  battle  I  had  been  siifTering  with  a  slight  illness,  sometimes 
having  a  high  fever.  On  the  day  before  the  battle  of  Chickamauga 
1  gave  out  completely,  and  on  the  day  of  the  battle  I  had  not  enough 
strength  to  keep  in  my  place  either  in  advancing  or  retreating.  When 
our  column  fell  ba(  k  at  dusk,  leaving  the  dead  and  many  wounded, 
1  fell  intcj  the  hands  (jf  the  foe.  In  the  morning  we  found  ourselves 
prisoners.  I  was  left  on  the  field  fourteen  days  with  the  wounded. 
.\t  the  end  of  this  lime  an  e.vchange  was  effec:ted,  and  our  worst 
wounded  were  sent  into  our  lines  at  Chattanooga,  while  the  slightly 
wounded,  and  those  of  us  who  had  been  attending  them  as  nurses, 
were  sent  by  railroad  to  Richmond,  X'irginia.  We  were  (piartered  in 
Libby  I'rison  two  months,  and  were  then  sent  lo  Danville,  Virginia. 
We  remained  at  Danville  six  months,  and  were  then  sent  to  the 
world-renowned  Andersonville,  (leorgia.  Remaining  at  Anderson- 
ville  three  months,  we  were  again  moved  to  another  ]^rison  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  we  remained  one  month.  We  were 
then  sent  to  Florence,  South  Carolina,  where  we  remained  three 
months.  At  this  time  an  arrangement  had  been  agreed  upon  to 
exchange  10,000  men  on  each  side.  Rebel  officers  came  into  the 
prison  at  Florence,  and  selected  from  the  whole  number  those  who 
were  nearest  dead,  and  who,  when  exchanged,  would  be  likely  to  be 
of  the  least  service  to  the  Union  cause.  I  was  included  in  this 
nuinl)er.  A  rebel  otiticer  told  me  on  the  day  we  were  paroled  at 
Florence  that  only  800  of  the  10,000  men  ca|)tuied  at  Chickamauga 
were  left  alive.  At  Charleston,  where  we  took  passage  for  Cod's 
country,  we  saw  the  10,000  rebels  for  whom  we  were  being  exchanged. 
These  were  strong  and  healthy  men,  ready  for  the  front.  These  men 
had  been  fed,  sheltered  and  cared  for  by  the  Federal  (iovernment, 
while  we  had  been  starved,  insulted  and  neglected  to  an  extent  that 
is  absolutely  indescribable.  We  were  mere  shadowy  wrecks,  unfit 
for  duty  of  any  kind  whatever.  Only  those  who  endured  the  horrors 
of  our  prison  life  can  understand  how  terribly  we  suffered. 

1  was  paroled  December  10,  1864,  making  my  imprisonment  four- 
teen months  and  twenty  days.  1  was  sent  home,  where  I  remained 
till  .\pril  3,  1865,  when,  being  exchanged,  1  joined  the  113th  near 
Raleigh,  .North  Carolina.  Then  followed  the  surrender  of  the  rebel 
army,  commanded  by  Ceneral  Johnson,  the  long  march  lo  the 
National  Capital,  the  grand  review,  the  homeward  bound  trip,  and 
the  greetings  of  friends  at  the  fireside  at  home. 

C'omrades,  let  those  of  us  who,  braving  so  man)  hardships  and 
perils,  have  lived  to  see  the  flag  of  our  beloved  country  wave  over  a 
free  people,  stand  ready  to  maintain  all  we  have  won  and  give  (iod 
the  giury.  And  let  us  also  remember  that  if  Jesus  is  our  leader  we 
shall  always  be  led  to  victory.  Cod  bless  our  country  and  its  brave 
defenders.  Wakkkn    C.   Rose, 

Valley  Falls.  Kansas. 


Our  Knapsack.  369 


From  the  London  Democrat. 

THE   WAR   HORSE,   ''OLD    JOE. 


THK        JDH.NNN     RKB.       DlSCt )V  KRKlJ    !•  RUM     WHO.M     HE     WAS    CAPTURKD. 


In  the  issue  of  the  Deinocrat  of  about  the  first  of  January,  we 
published  an  account  of  the  death  of  "Old  Joe,"  an  aged  white 
gelding,  owned  by  Judge  H.  F.  C'lark,  and  brought  from  Georgia 
during  the  war  by  Colonel  Toland  Jones  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  The 
notice  was  copied  into  the  Herald  and  Georgian,  published  at 
Sandersville,  Georgia,  with  a  few  remarks,  and  the  issue  of  that  paper 
of  the  following  week,  February  7  th.  contains  the  following,  which 
we  doubt  not  will  be  found  of  interest  to  many  of  our  readers  : 

The  account  published  in  the  Herald  and  Georgian  of  the  death  of 
"  Old  Joe,"  a  gray  horse  captured  in  the  battle  near  Sandersville,  that 
was  carried  to  London,  Ohio,  by  Colonel  Jones,  and  the  inquiry  as  to 
the  ownership  of  the  horse  has,  we  think,  satisfactorily  discovered 
the  owner  and  rider. 

Walter  G.  Knight,  who  proved  himself  a  true  Confederate,  was 
the  rider,  and  Mr.  Joe  Vinson,  who  died  a  few  years  ago,  was  the 
owner.  Mr.  Knight  had  just  returned  from  prison,  had  been  at  home 
only  five  days,  when  Mr.  Vinsen  proffered  the  use  of  his  horse,  a 
fleet  and  spirited  animal,  to  Mr.  Knight  to  ride  out  to  Sandersville 
and  ascertain  the  whereabouts  of  the  Yankees,  then  supposed  to  be 
about  Oconee.  Mr.  Knight,  taking  his  own  new  saddle  and  bridle, 
mounted  Bob,  as  the  gray  was  called,  and  coming  near  town,  heard 
some  talking  up  an  old  road  to  the  right.  Thinking  they  were  Con- 
federates he  started  up  the  old  road,  but  soon  saw  blue  coats  ;  he 
wheeled  around  and  started  diagonally  accross  the  woods  and  the 
public  road  into  a  pine  thicket,  where  now  is  a  field,  between  the 
VVarthen  road  and  the  road  to  Fenn's  Bridge,  followed  by  a  shower  of 
bullets  from  the  Yankees  he  had  found.  He  was  a  fleet  rider,  and 
spurred  his  horse  rapidly  forward  on  the  route  we  have  just  indicated, 
when  he  found  himself  just  running  right  into  the  line  of  battle. 

The  line  halted  and  with  muskets  pointed  at  Mr.  Knight,  the 
Yankees  sang  out  "  Come  in,  Johnny,  come  in."  Johnnie  saw  it  was 
best  to  come  in,  and  dashed  forward  to  the  line.  Some  ordered  him 
l)retty  rouglily  to  dismount,  but  he  remained  seated  till  an  officer 
came  up  and  asked  him  who  he  was,  to  what  command  he  belonged, 
clc.  At  first  Walter  was  thought  a  bushwhacker,  but  soon  by  his 
answers  assured  them  of  his  true  character.  The  officer  ordering,  he 
dismounted  and  was  taken  to  the  rear.  As  he  went  back  one  of  the 
guards  said,  "  this  will  make  a  good  horse  for  Colonel  Jones,"  and 
assures  him  the  more  of  the  identity  of  the  horse.  He  also  remem- 
bers the  scar  on  the  horse's  nose,  as  does  also  that  man  of  wonderful 

44 


37  o  Our  Knapsack. 

iiicMiiory,  Mr.  John  K.  W  ickcrs,  ihougli  botli  s;iy  it  was  not  a  sabre  cut, 
as  the  animal  was  not  then  an  army  horse.  Mr.  Wickers  says  he 
was  a  capital  horse  for  hunters,  and  was,  as  he  phrases  it.  the  best 
woods  horse  he  ever  saw,  but  not  a  sober  harness  horse. 

Mr.  Knight  was  afterwards  carried  to  the  residence  of  Hon.  W.  (i. 
Brown,  where  his  widow  now  resides,  headcpiarters  of  (ieneral 
Sherman,  who  asked  him  a  few  (juestions,  and  then  sent  him  back  to 
be  kept  under  guard.  He  remained  from  .Saturday  until  Sunday 
night,  when  he  made  his  escape. 

From  memoranda  handed  us  we  learn  that  Waller  (1.  Knight  was 
( )rderly  Sergeant  of  Company  B,  12th  Battalion  (ieorgia  Volunteers, 
Kvan's  Brigade,  (Gordon's  Division,  Erly's  Corps,  the  old  Stonewall 
Jackson's  Command.  He  was  captured  July  10,  1864,  at  Frederick 
City,  Maryland;  was  paroled  at  Point  Lookout  the  latter  part  of 
October,  1864.  He  has  twenty-three  scars  on  his  body,  and  has  a 
bullet  that  passed  through  his  l)ody.  He  was  in  nine  different 
prisons,  and  escaped  from  three;  he  was  once  lost  in  the  mountains, 
and  was  five  days  without  anything  to  eat. 

These  are  facts  that  can  be  proved,  says  Mr.  Knight,  and  by 
common  consent  he  made  a  good  soldier. 

The  saddle  and  bridle  that  was  captured  was  new,  and  was  kept 
with  great  care;  and  now  Mr.  Knight  says,  as  old  Bob,  this  horse's 
rebel  name,  is  now  dead,  he  wishes  Colonel  Jones  would  send  his 
saddle  and  bridle  home.  Yes,  send  it  along;  or  a  good  new  one 
would  do,  as  he  is  not  hard  to  satisfy. 


E VERY-DAY   SOLDIER    LIKE. 

The  following  sketch  of  every-day  soldier  life  was  furnished  by 
Thompson  P.  Freeman,  of  Company  F  : 

While  at  Camp  Chase,  1  procured  a  pas.s  to  go  out  south  of  camp 
lo  the  house  of  a  farmer,  where  I  had  a  pleasant  time  chatting  with 
the  old  man  and  his  attractive  daughters.  He  invited  me  to  stay 
for  dinner,  and,  lacking  the  courage  to  decline,  I  accepted.  Dinner 
being  over,  I  accompanied  the  old  man  to  his  sorghum  works,  and 
spent  part  of  the  day  in  i)leasant  conversation  and  in  watching  the 
process  of  making  molasses.      I  then  returned  to  camp. 

The  same  night  some  of  that  molasses  broke  guard,  and  actually 
took  refuge  in  our  tent.  For  days  following  we  lacked  nothing  in  the 
way  of  sweetening  for  our  rations,  nor  did  1  ever  return  to  the  farm 
house  to  thank  the  old  man  for  sweetening  the  mess. 

Soon  after  our  arrival  at  Camp  Zanesville  an  incident  occurred 
which  ought  to  be  recorded.  A  load  of  straw  had  arrived,  and  was 
being  carried  by  the  members  of  the  regiment  to  their  (quarters  for 
bedding.  One  of  the  drafted  men  came  also,  and  took  up  an  armful  of 
straw,  and  was  making  off  with  it,  when  Colonel  Wilcox  ordered  him  to 


Our  Knapsack.  37 1 


lay  it  down.  The  man  retorted  by  telling  the  Colonel  to  go  to  the  place 
the  way  to  which  is  said  to  be  paved  with  good  intentions,  and  where 
straw  is  presumed  to  be  a  perishable  article;  and  was  making  off  with 
his  bundle  of  straw.  Just  at  that  moment  the  Colonel's  foot  flew  up 
and  took  the  drafted  man  where  it  would  do  the  most  good,  and 
established  the  reputation  of  the  Colonel  as  a  kicker.  The  man 
went  his  way,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  he  afterwards  enlisted  in 
the  I  [3th  and  slept  on  straw. 

While  a  squad  of  us  were  picketing  at  Franklin,  an  incident  oc- 
curred about  milking  time  in  the  morning.  Seeing  a  cow  near  a 
house,  one  of  the  men  went  and  asked  for  milk.  Failing  in  procuring 
it  at  the  house,  he  determined  to  milk  the  cow.  He  said  the  first 
thing  he  ever  did  was  to  milk,  and  that  he  knew  all  about  milking  a 
cow.  He  found  the  cow  unused  to  being  milked  after  the  Yankee 
idea,  and,  in  his  efforts  to  anchor  her  for  the  purpose,  he  caught  her 
tail  and  called  on  me  to  assist.  I  stepped  in  front  of  her;  she  gave 
a  quick  turn  by  the  left  flank,  and,  the  milk-hungry  soldier  at  her  tail 
losing  the  line  of  march,  went  whirling  down  the  hill  at  a  rate  that 
threatened  his  destruction.  The  cow  returned  to  her  fodder,  and  the 
pickets  at  that  post  drank  black  coffee  for  breakfast. 

During  that  little  affair  at  Triune  I  remember  how  gracefully  we  all 
bowed  whenever  a  cannon  shot  came  screeching  over  us,  but  when 
we  reached  our  trenches  at  the  top  of  the  hill,  we  could  see  the 
smoke  of  the  enemy's  guns,  and  trace  the  course  of  the  shots  as  they 
came  whistling  toward  us.  As  General  Gordon  Granger  sat  on  his 
horse  watching  the  progress  of  the  action,  a  shot  from  the  guns  of 
the  enemy  cut  off  the  limb  of  a  tree,  which  fell  close  to  his  feet.  He 
never  took  his  eye  off  the  enemy,  but,  jumping  from  his  horse,  he 
requested  one  of  the  gunners  to  let  him  try  a  shot,  and,  permission 
l)eing  granted,  he  emptied  a  number  of  saddles  of  their  rel)el  riders 
in  a  manner  that  showed  him  to  be  a  practical  gunner. 

At  Chickamauga,  September  20,  1863,  Company  F,  of  which  1  was 
a  member,  was  on  the  picket  line.  Captain  Levi  T.  Nichols  was  in 
command,  and  we  were  advancing  through  a  cornfield,  when  "  zip, 
zip,"  came  the  bullets  from  the  left,  striking  the  cornstalks  on  every 
hand.  We  were  nearing  some  timber,  and  by  the  time  we  reached 
it  the  cannon  shots  of  the  enemy  were  coming  from  our  front,  striking 
the  ground  sometimes  and  bounding  high  in  air,  or  go  crashing 
through  the  timber  at  a  dangerous  rate.  While  we  lay  for  a  brief 
time  crouched  behind  trees  to  cover  us  from  the  enemy,  more  than 
one  incident  took  place  among  the  men  of  the  company.  One  of 
them,  whose  reputation  for  bravery  had  been  below  par,  shook  as 
with  a  chill,  and  whimpered  :  "  1  never  thought  I  would  come  to  this  ; 
how  I  wish  I  was  at  home."  In  subsecpient  actions  he  distinguished 
himself  for  bravery  and  soldierly  bearing. 

The  cannonading  ceased,  and  our  company' resumed  its  place  in 
the  regiment,  capturing  two  prisoners  who  had  hid  in  a  hollow. 
After  we  returned,  and  had  taken  our  place,  the  troops  in  front  of  us 
were  ordered    to  charge  the  enemy  in  our  front,  while  our  line  was 


372  Our  Knapsack. 

Drdered  to  lie  down  at   the  foot  of  the  liill.     Ahiiosl  iiuniediately  we 
were  ordered  to  charge  over  the  same  ground,  and,  as  we  advanced 
on  double  quick,  we  met  the  first  line  faUing  hack,  having  heen  over 
powered  by  the  enemy.      Many  of  these  were  tailing  as  thev  <  anic, 
and  it  seemed  to  me  they  were  being  killed  by  our  fire. 

1  determined  not  to  fire  until  1  got  a  fair  view  of  a  Johnnie.  I 
waited  but  a  moment,  for  off  to  the  left  ol)lii|ue  I  saw  a  rebel 
step  from  behind  a  tree,  at  the  distance  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  yards, 
and  point  his  gun  in  the  direction  where  I  stood.  I  drew  u|t  my  gun, 
aiming  at  his  whole  body,  intending  to  hit  him  somewhere,  but  my 
gun  snapped  and  refused  to  fire.  I  tried  a  second  <:ap,  and  it  snapjied. 
Seeing  that  my  left-hand  comrade  was  shot,  1  took  u))  his  gun  and 
discharged  it  at  the  rebel  at  the  tree.  Presently  I  observed  that 
there  was  no  one  at  my  immediate  left,  and  was  on  the  jjoint  of  turn- 
ing l)ack,  thinking  I  was  alone,  when  I  heard  Lieutenant  Wheelock 
give  the  command:  "Stand  up  to  them,  boys;  don't  give  an  inch.'" 
Turning  to  my  right,  1  found  the  rest  of  the  company  com|)letely  in 
line  and  doing  desperate  work.  1  now  began  to  reload  my  gun,  and 
in  doing  so  1  received  a  musket  shot  through  my  right  wrist,  com- 
pletely disabling  me  from  further  duty.  Lieutenant  Wheelock  was 
sliot  through  the  lungs  about  the  same  time,  from  the  effects  of  which 
he  died  the  next  day.  1  now  attem|)ted  to  leave  the  field,  dragging 
my  gun  with  me  with  my  left  hand.  I  at  length  abandoned  my  gun, 
and  went  to  the  rear  to  find  a  surgeon.  1  soon  found  one,  and  was 
about  speaking  to  him,  when  a  shell  of  the  enemy  exploded  uncom- 
I'ortably  near  us.  He  suggested  that  we  had  better  get  beyond  the 
range  of  those  guns,  and  1  agreed  with  him.  We  hurried  off,  crossing 
a  ravine,  and  halting  behind  a  tree.  Having  two  handkerchiefs,  1 
jjound  one  tightly  around  my  wrist  and  made  the  other  into  a  sling  to 
support  my  wounded  arm.  1  made  an  effort  to  go  on  and  find  an 
ambulance,  but,  in  doing  so,  1  fainted  and  fell.  The  fall,  together 
with  the  voice  of  a  comrade  near  by,  revived  me  so  that  1  got  up, 
and,  standing  against  a  tree,  soon  recovered  so  as  to  be  able  to  go  on 
in  search  of  an  ambulance.  I  was  advised  to  go  to  the  field  hospital, 
but,  after  a  fruitless  effort  to  find  it,  1  set  out  to  return  to  our  former 
camp,  which  I  reached  about  sundown.  I  had  walked  seven  miles, 
and  was  exhausted  from  fatigue  and  loss  of  blood. 

Cloing  to  a  spring  near  by,  I  sat  down  with  the  intention  of  bathing 
and  dressing  niy  wound,  when  a  cou|)le  of  Indiana  soldiers  came 
along,  and,  learning  that  1  was  wounded,  one  of  them  bathed  and 
dressed  my  wound  iiuite  skillfully,  and  I  then  learned  for  the  first 
time  the  dangerous  character  of  my  injury.  The  hand  was  almost 
severed  from  the  arm  by  a  minnie  ball.  At  the  regiment  to  which 
these  two  men  belonged  I  drank  some  coffee,  and  felt  much  refreshed. 
Then  I  went  in  search  of  the  1 13th,  for,  having  learned  that  the 
whole  army  had  fallen  back,  I  presumed  they  would  be  in  the  valley 
somewhere.  I  failed  to  find  the  regiment,  but,  finding  two  wounded 
comrades  of  the  113th,  one  being  wounded  in  the  head  and  the  other 
in   the  siioulder,  1  jJrojKjsed  to  them  that  we  iiave  some  supjier.     We 


Our  Knapsack.  373 

prepared  and  drank  some  coffee,  and  then,  gathering  together  some 
corn  stalks  where  the  mules  had  been  fed,  we  made  our  bed,  with 
one  army  blanket  under  us  and  an  oil  cloth  over  us.  (I  had  lost  both 
my  blankets  in  the  charge  early  in  the  afternoon.)  Next  morning, 
being  unable  to  find  our  regiment,  and  knowing  that  our  wounded 
were  being  sent  to  Chattanooga,  we  prepared  to  go  in  that  direction, 
Ijut,  finding  a  surgeon  of  an  Illinois  regiment,  we  had  our  wounds 
dressed  by  him.  1  procured  some  water  for  the  purpose,  and,  admit- 
ting that  the  wounds  of  the  other  two  men  were  more  serious  than 
mine,  I  waited  till  the  last.  He  told  me  that  mine  was  a  terrible 
wound,  and  that  I  must  not  be  surprised  if  it  required  amputation. 
He  then  ordered  an  ambulance,  into  which  we  were  loaded,  and, 
after,  a  dusty  ride  of  a  few  miles,  we  reached  the  hospital  at  Chatta- 
nooga. This  building  was  already  full,  so  we  were  taken  to  a  brick 
building  which  had  been  prepared  for  us.  We  were  among  the  first 
to  occupy  it,  but  in  less  than  two  hours  it  was  full  of  wounded  and 
dying.  I  never  again  wish  to  witness  a  scene  of  such  distress  and 
suffering  as  that  hospital  presented. 

The  same  afternoon  an  order  was  issued  requiring  all  who  could 
walk  to  cross  the  river  and  be  prepared  to  take  a  train  for  Bridgeport. 
We  remained  two  nights  and  a  day  awaiting  the  arrival  of  a  train, 
and,  when  it  came,  it  was  not  a  train  of  cars  with  comfortable  coaches 
and  easy,  cushioned  seats.  It  was  a  train  of  army  wagons,  such  as 
we  had  seen  used  to  transport  supplies.  1  filled  mv  canteen 
with  water,  and  nerved  myself  to  walk,  thinking  I  could  ride  when- 
ever 1  chose  to  do  so.  I  found  out  that  walking  was  the  most  agree- 
able, for  the  roads  were  mountainous  and  dusty  beyond  description. 

The  second  day  at  noon  we  reached  a  small  village,  where  1 
learned  that  a  resident  physician  would  dress  my  wound.  I  went  to 
him  and  showed  him  my  wound.  He  told  me  it  was  very  dangerous 
and  it  would  probably  never  heal,  and  that  the  hand  would  have  to 
come  off  sooner  or  later.  He  dressed  it  very  carefully  and  put  new 
bandages  on  it,  and  when  I  offered  to  pay  him  declined  taking  any 
compensation,  saying  he  took  great  pleasure  in  doing  what  he  could 
for  the  Union  soldiers.  We  moved  on  and  reached  Bridgeport  that 
evening.  During  the  day  I  lost  a  large  tin  cup  which  I  prized  very 
highly,  having  carried  it  all  the  way  from  Camp  Chase. 

.\t  Bridgeport  I  applied  to  a  surgeon  to  have  my  arm  dressed,  but 
after  learning  that  it  had  been  dressed  that  day  and  that  I  had  kept 
it  dampened  continually  with  cold  water,  he  said  that  as  so  many 
needed  surgical  attention  worse  than  1  did,  that  1  must  try  and  wait 
till  we  arrived  at  Nashville.  At  ii  o'clock  that  night  a  train  arrived 
to  take  us  to  Nashville.  It  was  a  train  of  box  cars,  but  it  was  better 
than  army  wagons.  We  piled  in  like  so  many  hogs  and  were  soon 
moving  northward,  arriving  at  Nashville  on  the  afternoon  of  the  next 
day,  feur  days  after  the  battle.  I  entered  Cumberland  Hosjiital 
September  24,  1863.  The  next  morning  all  who  could  walk  were 
ordered  to  go  to  the  dining  hall  to  eat,  but  1  remained  in  my  quar- 
ters, where    I    received   extra  diet  of    eggs  and  otlier  delicacies.      I 


374  ^'"'  Knapsack. 

remained  here  sixty  days,  my  wound  liealing  well  in  that  time.  On 
the  23d  of  November,  1H63,  1  received  a  furlough  for  thirty  days, 
arriving  at  home  on  Thanksgiving  Day,  November  25.  On  the  9th 
of  December  I  was  examined  by  Dr.  Sinnett,  of  Ciranville,  and  re- 
ceived a  certificate  of  disability  for  forty  days,  and  on  the  i4ih  of 
lani'.ary,  1864,  1  received  another  certificate  for  thirty  days.  On  the 
16th  of  KebriKirv  i  went  to  Columbus,  and  finding  Colonel  James  A. 
Wilcox,  the  first  colonel  of  our  regiment,  who  was  at  the  time  pro- 
vost marshal,  I  told  him  my  situation  and  asked  his  advice.  He 
gave  me  a  note  lo  the  officer  at  Camp  Tod.  This  officer  proposed  to 
send  me  to  Nashville,  but  advised  me  first  to  see  the  examining  sur- 
geon. 'I'his  officer  jnoposed  sending  me  lo  Nashville,  also  ;  but  1 
protested  and  urged  him  to  send  for  my  papers  which  were  at  Nash- 
ville, and  allow  me  to  remain  in  Ohio.  He  then  wrote  me  an  order 
of  admission  to  the  Seminary  Hospital,  Columbus.  On  the  2 2d  of 
February  1  wrote  to  the  officer  in  charge  of  Cumberland  Hospital, 
Nashville,  asking  for  my  papers.  These  came  in  due  time.  1  re- 
mained in  the  Seminary  Hospital  till  March  2d,  1864,  when  1  was 
transferred  to  Camp  Dennison.  A  few  days  after  my  arrival  at 
Camp  Dennison  I  was  examined  by  the  post  surgeon,  who  said  that 
gangrene  had  set  in  on  my  wound,  but  he  hoped  to  be  able  to  scatter 
it.  Hy  carefully  following  his  instructions  my  wound  was  soon  much 
improved,  and  by  the  28th  of  March  it  had  become  so  much  better 
that  I  was  recommended  for  a  discharge,  but  it  was  not  till  the  25th 
of  April,  1864,  that  1  received  it. 

1  am  now  a  citizen  of  a  great  and  free  country,  and  I  am  proud  of 
the  humble  part  1  have  taken  to  restore  the  Union  and  establish  a 
lasting  and  j)ermanent  peace. 

'I'.  P.  Frekman, 

Marys ville,  O. 


i'KKSF^N'riMENT  OF  APPROACHING    DEATH. 

There  belonged  to  ("ompany  B,  113th  O.  V.  1., — a  regiment  raised 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Columbus  in  1862 — two  young  men,  both  of 
whom  enlisted  from  the  little  suburban  village  of  Reynoldsburg. 
Both  were  good  soldiers,  attending  to  such  duty  as  was  imposed  \\\ydw 
them  without  any  more  than  the  usual  amount  of  complaint,  and  in 
battle  behaved  as  well  as  the  average.  Time  rolled  on,  and  every- 
thing went  as  merry  as  such  uncertain  times  would  jjermit.  One 
day  both  of  these  young  men  were  sitting  in  company  c[uarters,  try- 
ing to  fit  a  pair  of  government  brogans  to  their  delicate  little  feet, 
when  the  following  conversation  passed  l)etween  them: 

*'  Well,  John,  I  think  these  brogans  will  be  the  last  Uncle  Sam  will 
have  to  furnish  us,  as  before  thev  are  worn  out,  this  'cruel  war'  will 


Our  Knapsack.  375 


no  dovibt  be  uver,  and  we  can  return  to  the  Burg,  and  sIio\v  tlieni 
what  kind  of  shoes  we  had  to  tramp  in." 

"  I  don't  know  about  that,  Will,"  said  John,  looking  solemn  ;  "  l)ul 
one  thing  is  certain,  this  will  be  the  last  pair  of  shoes  1  will  draw, 
for  in  the  very  next  engagement  our  regiment  is  in,  that  amounts  to 
anything,  I  ivill  be  killed^  and  will,  therefore,  not  need  any  more  fool 
gear." 

"Oh,  pshaw,  what  are  you  talking  that  way  for?  We'll  both  live 
to  see  the  war  ended,  and  the  way  we'll  drive  through  Reynoldsburg 
one  of  these  days  behind  a  spanking  team,  will  make  the  natives 
wonder.  Won't  it  be  fun,  though,  to  see  them  open  their  eyes,  when 
we  go  through  that  town  like  the  wind.''" 

"  But  I  tell  you  I  wdl  never  get  back.  I  feel  it  in  my  very  soul. 
and  have  for  a  long  time,  that  I  would  soon  be  numbered  among  the 
dead,"  said  John,  more  serious  than  ever,  not  even  cracking  a  smile 
at  the  thought  of  storming  his  old  town  behind  a  good  team  of 
horses. 

His  friend  tried  everv  way  to  free  his  mind  of  this  thought,  by 
telling  jokes  on  his  old  home  companions,  and  of  the  fiascos  they 
used  to  indulge  in,  carrying  it  so  far  as  to  laugh  at  the  ridiculousness 
of  his  presentiment  of  coming  evil.      But  to  no  avail. 

These  soldiers  were  "  partners," — slejjt  together,  ate  together,  and 
what  one  did,  the  other  knew  of. 

The  regiment,  in  about  two  weeks  after  the  above  conversation, 
received  marching  orders,  and  all  was  in  readiness  to  move.  These 
two  young  soldiers  had  curled  up  under  their  blanket  for  the  night, 
and  John,  putting  his  arm  around  Will,  said:  '"This  is  the  last 
night  you  and  1  will  ever  spoon  together,  for  before  to-morrow's  sun 
goes  down  I  will  be  a  corpse,  and  1  know  it." 

The  next  morning  (Sunday)  was  bright  and  clear,  and  John  in- 
sisted on  his  companion  taking  his  watch,  money  and  other  valua- 
bles, still  asserting  that  before  the  day  was  done  he  would  be  r.o 
more.  His  friend  declined,  telling  him  that  their  chances  were 
etiually  good,  still  laughing  at  his  fear  of  being  shot.  About  ten 
o'clock  the  boom  of  artillery  and  the  rattle  of  musketry  could  be 
distinctly  heard,  and  the  113th  was  moving  to  the  front.  The,  con- 
tending forces  met,  but  the  crash  was  only  of  short  duration,  each 
side  retiring  for  a  breathing  spell  and  to  prepare  for  more  effective 
effort.  John  was  still  all  right,  and  was  reminded  of  the  fact  that 
he  still  lived. 

"The  thing  is  not  over  yet,  Will;  as  sure  as  fate,  I  will  not  see 
the  setting  of  the  sun.  The  next  engagement  will  end  me  for  this 
earth." 

In  a  short  time  C'ompany  B  was  ordered  out  on  the  skirmish  line. 
John  and  Will  kept  close  together,  and  both  stood  behind  the  same 
tree.  There  was  scarcely  room  enough  for  both,  and  John  concludeti 
to  dodge  across  to  the  next  tree  only  a  few  yards  distant.  He  had 
gone    but   a   short   distance,  when  crash  went  a  minnie  ball  through 


^^76  Our  Knapsack. 

the   upper  ixjiliun   of    his   l)ody,  and    in    falling   turned   conii)lelely 
around  and  fell  stone  dead  at  the  feet  of  his  conijjanion. 

Anil  his  presentiment  was  fulfilled.  'I'lie  rebels  soon  came  f«)r- 
ward  in  force  and  drove  the  skirmishers  back  to  the  main  line,  and 
the  body  of  John  J.  Smith,  of  Reynoldsburg,  was  never  recovered, 
having  l)een  thrown  in  a  trench  wiih  hundreds  of  others,  recogniti«;n 
being  imjKjssible  by  their  friends,  who  endeavored  in  a  short  time  to 
recover  the  bodies  of  members  of  the  regiment  who  were  killed  in 
this   engagement — C'hi(  kamauga,    Sundav,    the    20th   of    September, 

is  there  anything  in  [)iesentimenl  t     The  reader  can  answer. 


OIK    REUNIONS. 


At  ihc  annual  meeting  of  the  Arin\  of  the  C'uml)erland,  held  at 
Columbus,  ( )hio,  in  the  summer  of  1H74,  a  number  of  the  men  of  the 
M^th  O.  V.  I.  met  at  the  Neil  House  and  effected  a  temporary 
organization  for  tlie  pur[)ose  of  holding  annual  reunions  of  the 
regiment. 

On  the  22d  of  December,  1874,  the  regiment  held  its  tirst  reunion 
at  the  Board  of  'Trade  rooms.  City  Hall,  Columbus.  .\  permanent 
organization  was  made,  as  follows:  President,  John  (i.  Mitchell; 
Vice  President,  Toland  Jones;  Treasurer,  W.  H.  Halliday;  Secretary, 
F.  M.  McAdams ;  Assistant  Secretary,  T.  1).  Bently.  The  exercises 
consisted  of  an  address  by  General  Mitchell  and  a  free-and-easy  lot 
of  speeches  by  various  members  present.  A  ban(piet  was  held  at 
the  American  Hotel  in  the  evening,  and  fun  and  frolic  reigned  till  a 
late  hour.     This  reunion  was  a  success. 

The  second  reunion  was  held  at  London,  O.,  on  the  last  Friday  of 
October,  1875.  ''^^  annual  address  was  delivered  by  Otway  Watson. 
The  people  in  and  about  London  did  a  noble  part  in  providing  an 
abundant  entertainment  and  generous  welcome. 

The  third  reunion  was  held  at  Mechanicsburg,  O.,  Octol)er  27, 
1876,  and  was  presided  over  by  Joseph  Swisher.  An  address  of 
welcome  was  delivered  by  W.  H.  Baxter.  Some  rotine  business  was 
transacted,  and  a  banquet  was  held  at  the  Darby  House  in  the 
evening.  This  reunion  was  regarded  as  a  failure,  the  citizens  of  the 
village  failed  to  take  an  interest  with  us.  Officers  for  the  ensuing 
year  were  elected  as  follows :  President,  Charles  P.  Garman  ;  Vice 
President,  John  W.  Kile ;  Treasurer,  James  Coultas  ;  Secretary,  F'. 
NL  McAdams. 

The  fourth  reunion  was  held  at  Columbus,  O.,  August  24,  1877, 
and  was  presided  over  by  John  G.  Mitchell.  An  able  address  was 
delivered  by  J.  K.  Hamilton,  and  some  imjjortant  matters  of  business 
disposed  of.  A  bamjuet  in  the  evening  at  the  American  House,  an 
able  address  by  Judge  West,  and  other  speaking  exercises  closed  the 


Our  Knapsack.  377 

day.  Officers  for  the  ensuing  year :  President,  Jolin  G.  Mitchell; 
Vice  President,  George  McCrea  ;  Treasurer,  (i.  A.  Cofforth  ;  Secre- 
tary, F.  M.  McAdams. 

The  fifth  reunion  was  held  at  Columbus,  October,  1878.  The 
address  was  by  Toland  Jones.  The  occasion  was  one  of  rare  inter- 
est, the  attendance  large  and  all  passed  off  well.  Officers  elected 
for  the  ensuing  year  were  as  follows:  President,  John  G.  Mitchell  ; 
Vice  President,  Toland  Jones;  Treasurer,  C.  A.  Cofforth  ;  Secretary, 
F.  M.  McAdams;  Orator,  David  Taylor,  Jr.  The  usual  banquet  at 
the  American  House  closed  the  ceremonies. 

The  sixth  reunion  was  held  at  Columbus,  August  29,  1879,  ^^^^ 
was  presided  over  by  John  (i.  Mitchell.  The  officers  for  the  ensuing 
year  were  as  follows  :  President,  David  I'aylor,  Jr.;  Vice  President, 
Charles  Sinnet;  Secretary,  F.  M.  McAdams;  Treasurer,  Charles  A. 
Cofforth  ;  Executive  Committee.  James  Coultas,  W.  P.  Souder,  Moses 
Goodrich.  Speakers  for  next  reunion,  Otway  Watson,  Joseph 
Swisher.  James  A.  Wilcox  was  the  principal  speaker.  The  usual 
committees  were  appointed  and  much  other  business  disposed  of. 
Brief  addresses  were  made  by  McAdams,  McCrea,  Haley,  Abbot, 
Sinnet,  and  others.  Many  letters  from  the  absent  ones  were  read 
by  the  Secretary.      Proper  plans  were  made  for  the  next  reunion. 

August  II,  1880,  was  the  date  of  the  seventh  reunion,  held  at  the 
usual  place  at  the  State  Capital.  This  meeting  was  presided  over 
by  David  Taylor,  Jr.  The  usual  committees  were  assigned  to  duty 
at  the  morning  session.  The  committee  on  nominations  presented 
the  following  report :  President,  Wm.  H.  Halliday  ;  Vice  President, 
Moses  Goodrich;  Treasurer,  Chas.  A.  Cofforth;  Secretary,  F.  M. 
McAdams  ;  Executive  Committee,  J.  L.  Flowers,  Wm.  Romosier,  C. 
R.  Herrick.  The  early  part  of  the  afternoon  session  was  occupied 
in  brief  speeches,  in  which  McAdams,  Swisher,  Watson  and  Hon.  J. 
F.  Ogelvee  (ySth  O.  V.  1.)  participated.  There  being  present  Chas. 
Kulencamp,  io8th  Ohio,  Comrade  Fribley,  98th  Ohio,  Captain 
Banker,  121st  Ohio,  and  others  of  old  Second  Brigade,  the  meeting 
took  on  brigade  proportions,  and  some  plans  were  spoken-  of  looking 
to  a  reunion  of  the  regiments  of  the  brigade  at  a  future  time. 

The  evening  session  was  held  in  the  office  of  the  Auditor  of  State, 
and,  though  not  well  attended,  was  full  of  interest.  Garman,  Taylor, 
Watson,  McAdams,  Edmiston  and  Evans  made  short  addresses. 

The  eighth  reunion  convened  at  Columbus,  August  11,  1881,  and, 
in  the  absence  of  President  Halliday,  was  presided  over  by  John 
Ogelvee.  Committees  on  business,  finance,  nominations,  etc.,  were 
a|)poi  ited  at  the  morning  session,  as  follows:  Business — Taylor, 
Southard  and  Flowers.  Nominations — Simpson,  Souder  and  C>rafton. 
Finance — Cofforth,  Osborn  and  'I'aylor.  Future  Reunion — Thrall, 
Sullivant  and  \'an  Houten.  Officers  for  the  ensuing  year  were 
chosen,  as  follows:  President,  Geo.  G.  McCiea;  Vice  President, 
F.  S.  Sullivant:  Treasurer,  A.  M.Grafton;  Secretary,  F.  M.  Mc- 
Adams. A  project  of  writing  a  regimental  history  was  discussed, 
and  F.  M.  McAdams  was   made   historian,  with   the  assurance  that 

45 


37  S  Our  Knapsack. 

the  mciiil)crsliip  would  meet  the  necessary  expense.  St.  Paris  was 
agreed  on  as  the  place  of  meeting  for  next  reunion.  The  session  of 
the  afternoon  was  occupied  in  short  speeches,  hand-shaking  and 
exchange  of  good  will  and  good  feeling.     No  evening  session  was  held. 

The  ninth  reunion  assembled  at  St.  Paris,  O.,  on  the  ist  day  of 
September,  1882.  This  was  regarded  by  the  pecjple  as  the  largest 
gathering  of  any  kind  ever  held  in  the  town.  No  pains  had  been 
spared  in  jilanning  on  a  large  scale;  money  and  labor  had  been 
bestowed  with  liberal  hands.  Bravery  and  beauty  vied  to  outdo  each 
other  in  making  the  occasion  successful,  and  never  was  labor  and 
devotion  more  tully  rewarded.  No  brief  sketch  can  do  the  descrip- 
tion justice.  The  principal  exercises  were  held  in  Furrows'  grove, 
near  town.  Addresses  were  made  by  J.  Warren  Kiefer,  VV.  R.  War- 
nock,  S.  T.  McMorran  and  others.  A  huge  dinner  was  served  in 
princely  style,  and  the  capacity  of  the  old  soldiers  was,  for  once, 
reached.  At  Bowersock's  Hall,  in  the  evening,  an  entertainment 
was  held,  consisting  of  music,  toasts,  addresses,  etc.  In  this  exer- 
cise John  G.  Mitchell,  Chas.  F.  McAdams,  L.  S.  Sullivant,  S.  T. 
McMorran,  Toland  Jones,  W.  C.  Rose,  Iza  (iales  and  J.  Swisher 
participated.  This  reunion  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  largest  ever 
held  in  this  part  of  the  State.  The  people  of  St.  Paris  did  themselves 
great  credit. 

The  tenth  reunion  was  held  at  Granville,  Licking  county,  Septem- 
ber 20,  1883.  Like  the  preceding  one  at  St.  Paris,  it  was  immense. 
The  citizens  had  for  weeks  been  talking,  planning  and  laboring  to 
make  the  occasion  a  success.  All  the  necessary  ])lans  for  decoration, 
music,  entertainment,  etc.,  had  been  carefully  laid  and  intrusted  to 
competent  hands.  The  meetings  were  held  in  the  Opera  House, 
which  was  filled  to  its  utmost  limit.  L.  S.  Sullivant  was  chosen 
chairman.  The  following  committees  were  appointed  :  Resolutions — 
M.  M.  Munson,  J.  K.  Hamilton,  J.  Swisher;  Finance — John  W.  Kile, 
C.  R.  Herrick,  M.  Goodrich;  Nominations — J.  S.  Ports,  W.  C.  Bost- 
wick,  Toland  Jones;  Programme — B.  Huson,  Thomas  A.  Jones,  John 
Ogelvee.  R.  E.  Rogers,  Mayorof  Granville,  delivered  a  greeting  of  wel- 
come. Rev.  T.  J.  Sheppard  responded  on  behalf  of  the  resident 
members  of  the  regiment,  and  J.  K.  Hamilton  spoke  in  response  to 
the  welcome.  Toland  Jones  and  Joseph  Swisher  made  some  fitting 
remarks  in  the  morning  session.  Dinner  was  then  in  order.  Such  a 
dinner!  One  could  believe  that  the  whole  commonwealth  had 
united  in  furnishing  supplies.  The  attack  was  made  in  good  order, 
and  the  line  was  maintained  without  a  straggler.  Some  dinners  can 
be  described  ;  this  one  can  not.  It  was  all  that  a  rich  country,  loyal 
hearts  and  fair  hands  could  make  it.     That  is  saying  enough. 

The  exercises  of  the  evening  session  consisted  of  toasts,  music, 
speeches  and  anecdote,  and  will  long  be  remembered  on  account  of 
the  enjoyment  it  furnished.  The  toasting  and  responses  were  as  follows: 

"The  American  Soldier" — Josepli  Swisher. 
"The  Press  in  the  War" — Mikon  Scott. 
"The  Unreturned  Volunteer"  —  F.  M.  McAdams. 
"Our  Reunions" — L.  S.  .Sullivant. 
"Our  Invited  Guests" — M.  M.  Munson. 


Our  Knapsack.  379 


The  Granville  Cornet  Band  furnished  good  music  of  the  instru- 
mental kind,  and  a  select  choir  of  vocalists  rendered  some  excellent 
pieces  of  music  during  the  day  and  evening. 

The  eleventh  reunion  was  ai)pointed  for  Mt.  Sterling,  September 
10,  1884.  The  following  officers  were  chosen  for  the  next  year: 
President,  Toland  Jones;  Vice  President,  Moses  Goodrich;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  F.  M.  Mcx\dams ;  Orator,  Joseph  Swisher. 

Our  reunions  are  growing  in  interest  year  after  year.  May  they 
continue  as  long  as  there  are  two  of  the  old  command  left  to  greet 
each  other  and  shake  hands. 


ADDRESS  OF  MAJOR  JOSEPH  SWISHER, 


SEVENTH    REUNION    OF   THE    II3TH  O.   V.   I.,  AT  CITY   HALL,  COLUMBUS, 
OHIO,  AUGUST    II,   1880. 


Comrades  of  the  113TH  O.  V.  I.: 

I  received  official  notice  a  few  days  ago  of  my  selection,  in  con- 
nection with  Major  Watson,  to  deliver  an  address  at  the  7th  annual 
reunion  of  the  regiment.  I  have  collected  a  few  thoughts  together 
for  the  occasion,  which  I  hope  may  not  be  entirely  void  of  interest. 
While  engaged  in  the  quiet  pursuits  of  life,  amidst  peace  and  plenty, 
we  can  scarcely  realize  the  fact  that  within  less  than  twenty  years 
past  our  country  has  been  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war  which  threat- 
ened its  very  existence.  While  recounting  the  heroism  of  those  who 
went  forth  to  battle  for  their  country,  you  will  pardon  me  if  I  go  back 
and  briefly  recount  the  causes  which  brought  on  the  conflict.  Going 
back  to  the  time  when  the  Colonies  separated  themselves  from  the 
mother  country,  and  set  up  an  independent  government  for  them- 
selves, we  find  that  in  the  Constitution  which  they  adopted  they  left 
the  very  germ  of  dissolution.  Our  forefathers  had  declared  that  all 
men  were  endowed  by  their  Greater  with  certain  inalienable  rights, 
among  which  were  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  Yet, 
when  the  Constitution  was  adopted  human  slavery  was  allowed  to 
exist.  While  poets  have  sung  of  this  as  the  land  of  the  free  and  the 
home  of  the  brave,  it  remained  for  nearly  one  hundred  years  as  the  land 
of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  slave.  Thomas  Jefferson  first  com- 
pared the  institution  of  slavery  to  a  wolf  held  by  the  ears,  which  you 
could  not  hold  onto  nor  dared  to  let  go. 

The  slave  power,  ever  aggressive,  first  showed  its  real  spirit 
in  1820,  when  Missouri  was  admitted  as  a  State  into  the  Union. 
By  a  compromise  measure,  the  impending  crisis  which  threatened 
a   speedy    dissolution   of   the     Union    at     that     time   was    averted. 


3^0  Ou,    Knapsack. 

All  parties  then  thought  the  l)()unds  of  human  slavery  were 
forever  restricted.  Peace  was  restored  to  the  country.  Une.\ani- 
pled  prt)si)erity  followed.  Our  ccnintry  increased  in  wealth  and  pop- 
ulation, until  it  si)eedily  took  rank  among  the  first  nations  «>f  the 
earth.  Twelve  years  later  we  find  a  new  element  of  disturbance  in 
our  l)ody  jiolitic.  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  first  pro- 
claimed the  doctrine  of  Stales'  rights — that  the  State  governments 
were  superior  to  the  (ieneral  (lovernment — and  South  Carolina,  in 
1832,  passed  an  ordinance  denying  the  right  of  the  Ceneral  (Govern- 
ment to  e.xecute  her  own  laws  within  the  sovereign  limits  ol  that 
State.  But  that  stern  old  patriot  and  hero,  Andrew  Jackson,  was  at 
the  head  of  the  government,  and  forever  immortalized  his  name  and 
administration  by  the  declaration  that,  "By  the  eternal,  the  Union 
must  and  shall  be  preserved,"  and  that  he  would  hang  those  in 
resistance  to  the  execution  of  the  laws  higher  than  Haman  if  they 
persisted  in  their  course.  Knowing  well  the  stern  character  of  the 
old  hero  of  New  Orleans,  the  peo[)le  of  South  Carolina  speedily 
accjuiesced,  and  allowed  the  laws  to  be  executed  within  her  limits. 
However,  the  doctrine  proclaimed  by  Calhoun  was  not  destroyed — 
only  quelled,  to  lie  dormant,  ready  to  break  out  at  the  first  favorable 
opportunity.  The  actiuisition  of  Texas  as  a  slave  State  gave  new 
impetus  to  the  slave  [wwer,  and,  by  the  aid  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the 
passage  of  the  Dred  Scott  decision,  every  foot  of  territory  heretofore  free 
was  virtually  made  slave  territory,  and  every  free  man  a  blood  hound 
for  the  capture  of  fugitives  from  human  bondage.  This  measure  natu- 
rally alarmed  the  freedom  loving  people  of  the  North.  Intense  ex- 
citement prevailed  throughout  the  country,  when  again  the  antidote 
of  compromise  was  ai)plied  by  a  bill  introduced  by  that  venerable 
sage  and  i)atriot,  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  and  the  country  again 
reposed  in  cjuiet  until  the  overcrowded  pojjulation  of  the  New 
England  States  and  F^astern  cities,  and  the  Northern  Central  States, 
began  to  turn  their  eyes  westward  to  the  plains  of  Kansas,  where 
they  might  build  up  homes  for  themselves  and  their  children.  The 
South,  becoming  alarmed  at  the  growth  and  political  power  of  the 
great  Northwest,  sought  to  overthrow  the  time  honored  Missouri 
Compromise,  and  did,  by  the  aid  of  Northern  dough-faces  then  in 
Congress,  repeal  it,  and  attempted  to  curse  the  land  of  Kansas  with 
slavery  through  the  doctrine  of  Stpiatter  Sovereignty.  The  territory 
filled  up  rapidly.  The  people  of  the  North  were  anxious  to  make 
free  homes  for  their  children  in  that  beautiful  country;  the  people  of 
the  South  determined,  through  the  doctrine  of  Stjuatter  Sovereignty, 
aided  by  the  Dred  Scott  decision,  to  make  Kansas  a  slave  State. 
They  poured  their  population  into  the  territory.  Political  excitement 
ran  high.  Strife  and  bitterness  existed  between  the  people  from  the 
different  sections  of  the  country.  Two  constitutions  were  framed 
and  presented  to  Congress  preparatory  to  its  admission  as  a  State  into 
the  Union.  Under  the  leadership  of  such  j)atriots  as  Sumner,  Wade, 
Ciddings,  and  old  Thaddeus  Stephens,  the  free  State  constitution  was 
adopted.     The  strife  and  bitter  feeling  at  this  time  was  intense.     All 


Our  Knapsack.  381 

felt  that  the  peace  of  the  country  was  in  danger.  The  South  were 
chagrined.  Their  representatives  in  Congress  presented  the  ap- 
pearance of  caged  wild  beasts.  Representatives  of  the  freedom 
loving  North  were  stricken  down  in  the  halls  of  legislation  for  daring 
to  assert  their  principles.  The  South  claimed  that  the  election  of 
l^incoln  to  the  Presidency  on  a  platform  opposed  to  the  extension  of 
slavery  was  sufficient  cause  for  them  to  sever  their  connection  with 
the  Union,  and  build  up  for  themselves  a  government  whose  chief 
corner  stone  should  be  human  slavery.  Early  in  December,  i860. 
South  Carolina  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession,  which  was  speedily 
followed  by  other  States,  which  together  formed  a  new  government, 
styled  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  into  which  the  people,  un- 
der the  doctrine  of  States'  Rights,  were  taken  as  into  a  whirlpool. 
Our  small  army  had  been  sent  to  the  Western  frontier,  under  the 
pretext  of  suppressing  Mormonism.  Our  navy  was  scattered  in  for- 
eign seas.  Our  forts  were  being  captured,  our  arms  were  shipped 
South,  and  treason  was  plotted  under  the  very  nose  of  James  Bu- 
chanan, who  had — I  will  not  say  the  audacity,  but  the  imbecility  to 
declare  that  there  was  no  power  under  the  Constitution  to  coei'ce  a 
sovereign  State.  Had  the  old  hero  of  New  Orleans  been  in  the 
Presidential  chair,  he  would  have  nipped  treason  in  the  bud.  The 
halls  of  Congress  resounded  with  the  language  of  treason.  Yet  the 
people  of  the  North  were  slow  to  believe  that  any  portion  of  the  peo- 
ple were  willing  to  throw  off  their  allegiance  to  the  best  government 
the  world  ever  saw.  The  President  constitutionally  elected  had,  in 
order  to  escape  assassination  when  on  his  way  to  Washington  to  be 
inaugurated,  to  pass  secretly  through  Baltimore.  Soon  after  his  inau- 
guration Fort  Sumpter  was  fired  upon.  The  Northern  heart  was  at 
once  fired  up.  The  spirit  of  patriotism,  always  strong  in  the  North, 
was  fully  aroused,  party  lines  were  for  the  time  apparently  forgotten, 
and  every  energy  seemed  bent  to  the  one  purpose — that  of  preserv- 
ing the  Union.  The  farmer  left  his  plow;  the  mechanic  his  work- 
shop ;  the  merchant  his  counter ;  the  clerk  his  office,  and  the  gentleman 
his  leisure ;  and  all  buckled  on  their  armor,  and  hastened  to  defend 
the  capital  of  the  nation  from  the  rebels,  already  armed  and  march- 
ing in  solid  phalanx  against  it.  The  rebel  army  was  commanded  by 
able  generals,  who  had  been  educated  by  the  same  Government  they 
now  sought  to  destroy.  The  first  conflict  of  arms  proved  disastrous 
to  the  United  States  troops,  but  served  to  fully  arouse  the  people  of 
the  North  to  a  true  sense  of  the  situation.  They  realized  that  to 
preserve  the  life  of  the  nation  would  cost  blood  and  treasure,  but 
the  bright  hopes  of  the  future  would  richly  compensate  for  both. 
The  war  went  on  with  varied  success ;  sometimes  victory  crowned 
our  efforts ;  again,  we  would  meet  with  disaster.  Meantime  a  jjarty 
grew  up  in  the  North  hostile  to  the  war  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Union.  The  lower  House  of  Congress  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of 
those  opposed  to  the  war.  Great  leaders  stood  up  in  the  halls  of 
Congress  and  declared  that  not  another  man  nor  dollar  should  be 
given  to  fill  the  ranks  or  feed  the  soldiers  already  in  the  field.     The 


382  Ouf    Knapsack. 

Lcj;islatiire  <jf  liuliaiui  liad  so  crippled  the  executive  of  that  State 
that  lie  was  obliged  to  go  to  New  York  and  i)ledge  his  own  credit  for 
nn)ney  to  eipiip  the  soldiers  from  that  State  ready  for  the  field.  A 
nuijority  of  the  members  of  Congress  elected  from  Ohio  were  opjxjsed 
to  the  war.  Secret  organizations  sprang  up  throughout  the  North, 
whose  purpose  was  to  discourage  enlistments  and  give  aid  and  com- 
fort to  the  enemy.  In  1862  a  convention  met  in  Columbus,  ().,  and 
openly  jiassed  a  resolution  declaring  that  200,000  men  of  Ohio  sent 
greeting  to  their  brethren  in  the  South.  Amid  these  stirring  scenes 
the  I  13th  Regiment,  O.  \'.  1.,  was  organized.  It  was  organized  un- 
der the  second  call  for  300,000  men,  in  1862.  It  was  not  made  up 
of  that  class  of  men  who  from  excitement  went  into  the  army,  but  of 
men  who  in  their  calm  reflection  felt  that  their  services  were  needed 
to  fill  the  depleted  ranks  of  their  brethren  already  in  the  field.  It 
assembled  at  Camp  Chase  on  the  28th  day  of  August,  1862,  and  at 
once  went  into  the  school  of  the  soldier  to  receive  that  discipline  so 
necessary  to  the  efficiency  of  a  soldier  in  the  field.  After  remaining 
here  nearly  two  months,  under  instruction  of  Colonels  Wilcox  and 
Mitchell,  it  was  transferred  to  Camp  Zanesville,  and  from  there  to 
Camp  Dennison.  Remaining  but  a  short  time  here,  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  Kentucky,  and  became  a  part  of  the  reserve  forces  of  Gen- 
eral Rosecrans  in  his  pending  battle  with  Cieneral  Bragg  in  Tennessee. 
To  attempt  to  write  anything  of  the  113th  Regiment  after  this  is  to 
write  a  history  of  the  war.  The  regiment  remained  in  Kentucky  but 
a  short  time,  when  it  took  a  steamer,  in  company  with  a  large  num- 
ber of  troops,  for  Nashville,  to  more  immediately  re-enforce  General 
Rosecrans'  army,  which  had  been  dejjleted  after  a  desperate  but  suc- 
cessful battle  of  three  days  with  the  rebel  army,  under  General  Bragg, 
at  Murfreesboro,  or  Stone  River.  The  regiment  arrived  at  Fort 
Uonelson  just  in  time  to  witness  the  close  of  the  second  battle  of  that 
place.  Arriving  at  Nashville,  the  regiment  here  parted  with  Colonel 
\vilcox,  to  whom  the  men  had  become  much  endeared,  and  Colonel 
Mitchell  at  once  assumed  command,  and,  though  not  always  in  im- 
mediate command  of  the  regiment,  yet  remained  with  it  through  all 
the  trying  ordeals  to  which  it  was  subjected.  The  regiment  now 
pushed  on  to  Franklin,  Tennessee,  where  it  was  organized  into  and 
became  a  jmrt  of  the  Reserve  Corps,  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  under 
Major  General  Gordon  Granger.  Here  it  rested  for  some  time,  being 
occasionally  called  out  to  meet  the  enemy,  who  was  hovering  around 
the  right  flank  of  Rosecrans'  army.  While  lying  here  the  ravages  of 
disease  made  sad  havoc  in  our  heroic  band,  for  which  I  always 
thought  the  would-be  General  C.  C.  Gill)ert  was  very  largely  respon- 
sible, by  calling  up  the  men  who  were  not  endued  to  camp  life  at 
unseasonable  hours,  for  no  other  purpose,  as  any  one  could  tell,  but 
to  gratify  an  inordinate  ambition  he  had  to  show  off.  But,  after  the 
United  States  Senate  clipped  his  brigadier  wings,  he  drooped  his  tail 
like  a  peacock,  and  disappeared  from  the  theater  of  war,  only  to  be 
remembered  as  one  of  the  things  of  the  past  for  which  there  was  no 
further  need. 


Our  Knapsack.  383 

After  spending  the  greater  part  of  the  summer  of  1863  in  jNIiddle 
Tennessee,  the  regiment  was  pushed  rapidly  forward  across  the 
Cumberland  Mountains  and  the  Tennessee  River  into  Georgia,  to 
engage  with  the  main  army  under  Rosecrans  at  the  battle  of  Chick- 
amauga,  who  was  not  only  to  meet  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
but  the  paroled  prisoners  from  Vicksburg. 

After  two  days  of  marching  and  countermarching,  in  which  the 
greater  part  of  the  army  had  been  engaged  in  deadly  conflict,  the 
reserve  corps,  of  which  the  113th  formed  a  part,  was  on  the  20th 
day  of  September,  1863,  thrown  into  the  deadly  breach.  Like  the 
legions  of  honor  under  the  great  Napoleon,  they  were  only  thrown  in 
after  the  conflict  had  become  desperate.  Here  the  regiment  re- 
ceived its  first  baptism  in  blood,  having  lost  in  killed  and  wounded 
one  hundred  and  sixty-three  men.  What  thrilling  emotions  pass 
through  the  breast  when  memory  calls  back  the  time  when  amid  the 
roaring  of  artillery,  the  shrieking  and  bursting  of  shell,  the  rattling 
of  musketry,  the  whizzing  of  bullets,  the  groans  of  the  wounded  and 
dying,  the  113th  charged  and  recharged  upon  the  rebel  hosts.  The 
charge  of  the  immortal  600  of  which  jjoets  have  sung  was  not  more 
heroic  than  that  of  the  113th  on  that  dreadful  day.  Retiring  after 
the  conflict  within  the  fortifications  surrounding  Chattanooga,  the 
army  assumed  the  position  of  a  stag  at  bay  on  which  Bragg  con- 
sidered it  unsafe  to  move.  Here  the  regiment  suffered  the  privations 
of  hunger  without  a  murmur  till  on  the  25th  of  November,  the  army 
having  been  reorganized  with  General  Grant  in  command,  aided  by 
those  able  Lieutenants,  Sherman,  Thomas  and  Hooker,  and  being 
largely  reinforced,  moved  upon  the  enemy's  works  and  hurled  the 
rebel  hosts  in  dismay  from  Mission  Ridge,  following  them  as  far  as 
Ringgold,  Georgia,  when  the  regiment  was  suddenly  started  on  a 
forced  march  into  East  Tennessee  to  relieve  Burnside,  who  was 
closely  besieged  by  the  troops  of  Longstreet.  Unprepared  to  stand 
the  rigors  of  a  winter's  campaign  ;  poorly  clad,  without  rations,  sub- 
sisting off  the  country,  they  made  forced  marches  without  a  murmur. 
Nearing  Kno.xville  and  the  siege  having  been  raised,  they  hastily 
retraced  their  steps  towards  Chattanooga,  expecting  to  soon  occupy 
their  comfortable  quarters  which  they  had  left  a  few  weeks  before. 
Arriving  on  the  bank  of  the  Tennessee  river  in  the  night,  chilled  by 
the  cold  blasts  of  a  December  wind,  many  of  them  barefooted  and 
their  feet  bleeding,  only  to  find  the  bridge  across  the  Tennessee  unfit 
to  cross,  and  the  men  were  only  permitted,  like  Moses  when  leading 
the  children  of  Israel  to  the  promised  land,  to  view  it  from  afar,  they 
likewise  were  only  permitted  to  view  their  ([uarters  from  afar,  and 
take  up  their  cpiarters  on  the  frozen  banks  of  the  Tennessee  without 
tents  or  fire,  which  they  did  with  a  resignation  not  surpassed  I)y  that 
of  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution  at  Valley  Forge.  The  regiment 
crossed  the  river  next  day  and  entered  their  quarters,  where  they  ex- 
pected to  remain  for  the  winter,  but  were  doomed  to  disappointment. 
They  were  barely  settled  down  when  the  word,  "fall  in,"  passed 
along  the  line,  and  they  took  up  their  line  of  march  south  across  the 


384  (^1"    Kttapsiiik. 

'rcnnesscc  river.  Moving  out  from  Chattanooga  ahoiil  eight  iiiilcs, 
halted  and  i)iit  up  new  t[uarlers  where  they  remained  till  May,  1864, 
excejU  for  short  intervals  when  they  were  ordered  out  on  some  duty 
for  a  few  days  at  a  time. 

The  first  of  May  found  the  army  animated  with  new  life;  all  was 
bustle  and  activity.  The  army  had  been  reorganized,  with  \V.  T. 
Sherman,  one  of  the  world's  ablest  generals,  in  command,  with 
(ieneral  (ieorge  H  Thomas,  that  true  type  of  a  Roman  soldier,  in 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  of  which  the  113th,  (). 
V.  I.,  formed  a  i)art.  Now  commenced  one  of  the  most  remarkaljle 
campaigns  history  gives  any  account  of.  To  write  a  history  of  this 
campaign  is  to  write  a  history  of  the  113th  regiment.  At  Buzzard 
Roost,  at  Resaca,  at  Rome,  at  Dalles  the  regiment  bore  a  conspicu- 
ous and  honorable  i)art,  until  brought  uj)  in  front  of  the  Kenesaw 
Mountain  it  found  everywhere  the  guns  of  the  enemy  bristling  in  its 
front.  Called  upon  to  charge  on  the  enemy's  works  the  men  buckled 
on  their  armor  without  a  murmur  and  charged  into  the  very  jaws  of 
death.  Here  again  the  regiment  suffered  severely,  losing  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five  in  killed  and  wounded.  Unable  to  capture  the 
enemy's  works,  they  wavered,  fell  back  a  short  distance  and  in- 
trenched themselves  in  close  proximity  to  the  enemy's  guns  and 
maintained  their  position  until  the  enemy  fell  back,  when  the  word, 
"fall  in,"  again  passed  along  the  lines.  The  march  was  at  once  re- 
sumed, and  continued  without  much  serious  opposition  till  the  Chat- 
tahoocha  river  was  reached,  where  the  rebels  had  to  be  brushed  out 
of  the  way;  following  up  again  to  Peach  Tree  Creek,  the  enemy 
made  another  stand,  and  where  the  fighting  ipialities  of  the  113th 
Regiment  were  again  tried  and  not  found  wanting.  The  enemy  now 
fell  back  within  their  intrenchments  around  Atlanta,  closely  followed 
by  the  Union  army,  when  a  furious  bombardment  commenced  against 
the  Gate  City  of  the  South.  Unable  to  capture  it  by  direct  ap- 
proaches in  front,  the  regiment,  with  the  main  part  of  the  army,  was 
moved  to  the  right,  confronted  the  rebel  army  at  Jonesl)oro'  and 
defeated  it,  in  which  action  the  1 13th  again  covered  itself  with  glory. 
Atlanta  was  immediately  evacuated  and  taken  i)Ossession  of  by  our 
troops.  The  regiment  was  not  long  to  repose  here.  News  having  come 
that  (ieneral  Forest  with  a  large  cavalry  force  was  in  our  rear,  the  di- 
vision to  which  the  f  13th  belonged  was  sent  back  to  capture  Forest 
or  drive  him  out  of  Tennessee.  This  selection,  no  doubt,  was  made 
on  account  of  its  marching  (pialities.  Over  mountains,  through 
dense  forests,  across  deep  rivers,  for  six  hundred  miles  they  followed 
him,  till,  considering  discretion  the  better  part  of  valor,  he  made  good 
his  escape  by  crossing  the  Tennessee  river  into  Alabama.  Has- 
tily retracing  their  stejjs,  they  rejoined  the  main  part  of  the  army  at 
(iailsville,  Alabama,  from  which  point  commenced  the  grand  holiday 
campaign  of  the  war.  Returning  to  .Mlanta,  tearing  up  the  railroad 
as  they  went,  cutting  loose  from  all  communications  with  the  outside 
world,  burning  Atlanta,  they  started  -South  under  an  order  to  forage 
liberally  off  the  country.     Never  was  an   order  obeyed  with   more 


Our  Knapsack.  385 

alacrity.  Each  tried  to  vie  with  the  other  to  see  who  could  come 
the  nearest  fulfilling  it  literally.  This  march  was  through  a  land  of 
milk  and  honey.  Dishes  dainty  enough  to  tickle  the  palate  of  an 
epicure  or  satisfy  the  appetite  of  a  gormandizer.  Yet,  amid  all  this 
plenty,  our  soldiers  were  allowed  to  rot  in  rebel  prisons.  Arriving  at 
the  city  of  Savannah,  they  remained  only  long  enough  to  be  refitted, 
when  they  took  up  their  line  of  march  through  the  hot-bed  of  seces- 
sion— South  Carolina — where  they  had  been  warned  that  thus  far 
can  you  come  and  no  further.  But  it  was  soon  found  that  those  who 
had  snuffed  the  battle  from  afar  off  were,  when  the  war  was  brought 
to  their  doors,  the  most  abject  cowards  and  poltroons  the  regiment 
had  yet  met.  Here  all  restraint  seemed  thrown  off;  every  soldier 
felt  that  to  this  State,  more  than  any  other,  was  to  be  traced  the 
cause  of  the  war,  and  each  one  seemed  determined  to  reek  vengeance 
on  the  people,  forgetting  that  passage  of  Scripture,  "  Vengeance  is 
mine  saith  the  Lord."  Fire  and  sword  was  on  every  side;  from  hill- 
top and  valley  went  up  the  smoke  of  burning  buildings,  till  the  heart 
sickened  at  the  sight.  Wading  rivers,  traversing  swamps  and  climb- 
ing mountains,  occasionally  stopping  to  brush  the  rebels  out  of  the 
way,  the  regiment  entered  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  soon  to  be 
confronted  by  the  combined  forces  of  Johnson,  Hardee  and  Beaure- 
gard, who  had  united  to  make  one  last  desperate  effort.  Here,  at 
Bentonville,  one  of  the  sharpest  conflicts  of  the  war  took  place.  In 
this  battle  the  113th  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  This  was  the  last 
battle  in  which  the  regiment  engaged ;  her  battles  henceforth  were  to 
be  of  a  peaceful  character.  Passing  rapidly  forward  to  Goldsbor- 
ough.  North  Carolina,  we  were  joined  by  Schofield  and  Terry,  who 
brought  large  re-enforcements.  All  felt  the  end  was  now  drawing 
nigh.  We  soon  received  the  news  of  the  surrender  of  Lee's  army  to 
General  Grant.  This  was  quickly  followed  by  the  surrender  of 
Johnson's  army  to  General  Sherman  ;  the  surrender  of  the  remaining 
armies  of  the  Confederate  States  immediately  followed,  and  the  last 
vestage  of  rebel  authority  was  captured  in  central  Georgia,  in  petti- 
coats, booted  and  spurred. 

The  assassination  of  Lincoln  cast  a  deep  glo'>m  over  the  army, 
and  woe  would  have  been  to  the  people  of  the  South  if  Sherman's 
army  had  again  been  turned  against  the  enemy.  But  the  war  was 
over,  and  with  it  passed  away  the  institution  of  slavery,  and  the  germ 
of  dissolution  which  our  forefathers  admitted  into  the  Constitution  as 
a  local  institution  perished  in  the  attempt  to  make  it  national.  The 
regiment  now  started  on  its  march  homeward ;  it  passed  rapidly 
through  Richmond,  the  capital  of  the  now  defunct  government,  and 
passing  ra|)idly  northward,  it  passed  over  many  of  the  battlefields 
where  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  had  met  the  rebel  hosts  in  deadly 
conflict — grounds  rendered  forever  historic.  Arriving  at  Washing- 
ton, the  regiment  particijjated  in  one  of  the  grandest  pageants  the 
world  ever  saw,  that  of  a  victorious  volunteer  army  after  four  years 
i»f  figliting  and  cami)aigning  to  i)reserve  the  Nation,  marching  and 
])assing  in  review  before  the  rej^resentatives  of  the  crowned  heads  of 

46 


.^86  Our  Kna/'sack. 

iMiropc,  and  dissolving  when  no  longer  needed,  and  taking  up  the 
peac  eful  avocations  of  life.  Those  who  had  been  the  ardent  friends 
of  the  government  through  the  war  now  felt  that  those  who  had 
sought  to  destroy  the  government  should  be  modest,  and  not  seek  to 
take  any  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  Nation.  Yet  we  soon  find 
them  claiming  to  be  the  only  fit  persons  to  conduct  the  government 
they  had  fought  to  destroy.  We  find  them  openly  declaring  that 
they  would  gain  through  the  l)allot  box  what  they  had  failed  to 
achieve  on  the  battlefield.  We  find  rebel  brigadiers  standing  up  in 
the  halls  of  Congress  and  declaring  they  had  at  last  cai)tured  Wash- 
ington, and  that  they  now  intended  to  repeal  the  last  vestage  of  war 
legislation  from  the  statute  books  of  the  Nation.  Being  gently  re- 
buked for  the  spirit  of  bravado,  they  are  now  trying  to  gain  posses- 
sion of  the  government  in  a  manner  which  certainly  j^resents  a  very 
strange  phenomena — that  of  the  same  jjarty  who  sought  to  overthrow 
the  government  by  force  of  arms,  and  fought  the  regular  army  to  do 
it,  now  trying  to  creep  into  power  under  a  blue  coat  and  brass  but- 
tons with  a  Major  (General  of  the  U.  S.  Army  as  its  leader.  Be  not 
deceived,  this  is  the  same  old  power,  in  disguise,  you  met  in  rebel 
gray  on  the  plains  of  the  South.  Members  of  the  113th  C).  V.  I., 
stand  firm  by  the  principles  for  which  you  fought.  This  is  a  duty 
you  owe  to  yourselves,  to  your  posterity,  and  more  than  all  to  the 
noble  band  of  patriots  who,  less  fortunate  than  yourself,  gave  up 
their  lives  in  defense  of  their  country  by  which  you  are  enabled  to 
enjoy  the  blessings  of  the  best  government  in  the  world.  The  gov- 
ernment which  they  gave  their  lives  to  save  is  now  truly  the  land  of 
the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave.  It  is  fast  increasing  in  wealth 
and  population.  Free  schools  and  free  churches  all  over  the  land; 
it  has  all  the  elements  of  true  greatness  within  it.  Rich  mineral 
wealth,  a  fertile  soil  bounded  by  r  1,000  miles  of  sea  coast  indented 
with  numerous  bays  upon  which  large  commercial  and  manufactur- 
ing cities  are  growing  up,  giving  employment  to  tens  of  thousands  of 
the  down-trodden  of  other  nations.  One  of  the  mightiest  rivers  of 
the  world  passes  through  its  center,  upon  which  the  commerce  of  the 
great  Northwest  passes  out  to  feed  the  crowded  population  of  Europe. 
Her  commerce  is  upon  every  sea,  and  finds  a  market  in  every  city  of 
the  world.  Her  bonds  which  were  at  one  time  only  worth  thirty-five 
cents  on  the  dollar,  are  now  above  i)ar.  The  same  money  which  the 
enemies  of  the  government  declared  during  and  after  the  war  to  be 
wortliless,  to  be  rags,  they  are  now  anxious  to  have  at  a  ]jremiuni  of 
fourteen  cents  on  the  dollar,  and  to-day  the  government,  if  she  chose, 
could  issue  three  and  a  half  per  cent,  bonds  at  i)ar  which  would 
eagerly  be  taken  for  the  outstanding  indebtedness  of  the  government 
now  coming  due. 

You,  by  your  valor,  have  restored  a  Nation's  credit,  and  now  live 
to  enjoy  its  blessings.  Those  who  fell  in  defense  of  their  country 
need  no  econium  at  our  hands;  they  have  written  their  names  high 
upon  the  scroll  of  fame  which  will  last  through  all  time,  and  their 
sacrifice  and  heroism  will  be  a  theme  upon  which  in  future  ages  the 


Our  Knapsack.  387 


poet  will  tune  his  lyre  to  sing  their  praises.  But  to  their  widows  and 
orphans  we  owe  a  sacred  duty,  to  see  that  no  O'Connors*  legislate 
against  their  interest  or  rights. 

Now,  Comrades  of  the  1 13th,  having  extended  these  remarks  much 
heyond  my  original  intention,  wishing  you  long  life,  hai)piness  and 
prosperity,  1  can  only  add,  may  (lod  bless  you  in  your  declining 
years. 


A  TRAGEDY  IN  A  DREAM. 

Taking  my  comrade,  Ed.  Blain,  into  my  office  a  few  days  ago,  I 
read  to  him  a  previously  prepared  sketch  of  the  killing  of  George 
Workman,  Company  B,  113th  O.  V.  I.,  on  the  24th  day  of  February, 
1865,  by  an  insane  soldier,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Catawba  or  VVa- 
teree  River,  in  South  Carolina.  The  tragedy  made  a  deep  impression 
on  my  mind  at  the  time,  but  I  did  not  know  that  Blain  had  any 
recollection  of  it  more  than  of  one  of  the  many  incidents  of  his  army 
life. 

After  hearing  my  account  of  it,  he  admitted  its  correctness,  and 
said  he  saw  the  whole  affair  when  it  took  place,  and  not  only  that, 
but  that  he  had  had  a  dream,  months  before,  while  in  Ohio,  in  which 
he  saw  the  same  tragedy  with  all  its  attendant  details.  Blain  also 
said  that  when  the  column  halted  at  the  place  above  named,  he  recog- 
nized it  as  the  spot  he  had  seen  in  his  dream,  and  that  he  remarked 
to  one  of  his  comrades  that  he  had  seen  that  place  before.  Leaving 
his  company  where  it  had  stacked  arms  in  the  rain,  he  ascended  to 
the  top  of  a  hill  to  a  house,  where  he  witnessed  the  shooting  of  one 
soldier  by  another  as  I  had  described  it.  I  give  this  incident  as  one 
of  the  unexplained  and  unexplainable  mysteries  that  once  in  a  life- 
tinte  come  to  the  surface,  the  solution  of  which  puzzles  the  wisest  of 
the  wise.  F.  M.  M. 


A  MOTHER'S  TRIBUTE  TO  HER  SON. 

Henry  A.  Wells,  of  Johnstown,  Licking  county,  Ohio,  was  born 
November  27,  1836.  He  was  enrolled  as  a  member  of  Company  I), 
ir3th,  ().  V.  I.,  August  20,  1862.  He  served  faithfully  with  his 
c0mi)any  in  the  duties  of  camp  and  bivouac  during  the  fall  of  1862, 
entering  Kentucky  and  enduring  the  rigors  of  that  eventful  winter 
at  Muldrough's  Hill,  south  of  Louisville.  The  duties  and  exposures 
of  the  campaign  were  too  arduous,  and  sickness  ensued.  He  was 
assigned  to  hospital  No.  3,  at  Nashville,  where  he  died   February 


-O'Connor  was  a  member  (if  ihe   Oliio    I.egisliUiirc,  who  inuoduccil   ;i   bill   in  abrid.ye  lb 
rights  of  soldiers'  children  in  the  Ohio  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home,  at  Xenia,  < ). 


3^8  Our  Knapsack. 

20,  1863.  A  short  lime  previous  to  his  death,  his  uncle,  Ca|)tain 
Joshua  M.  Wells,  in  passing  through  the  hospitals,  found  his  nephew 
and  realized  that  death  was  near  its  victim.  Henry  told  his  uncle 
that  he  knew  that  he  must  soon  die,  hut  that  Jesus  was  very  precious 
all  the  lime,  and  though  he  was  far  from  his  home  and  widowed 
mother,  he  fell  reconciled,  and,  said  he,  "  1  can  die  here  as  well  as 
anywhere." 

Captain  Wells  remained  with  him  to  the  end  and  administered  to 
his  comfort.  He  gave  many  evidences  of  his  comi)lete  |)rei)aration 
for  death,  and  of  his  trust  in  the  Savior.  Henry  had  been  a  faithfid 
member  of  the  M.  E.  Church  since  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  and 
was  always  faithful  in  defending  the   right   and  opposing  the  wrong. 

The  body  was  sent  home  for  burial,  and  the  large  concourse  of 
friends,  who  shed  tears  of  sorrow  at  his  funeral,  attested  the.  high 
esteem  in  which  he  was  held.  And  now,  as  the  years  roll  by,  his 
sorrowing  mother  decks  the  resting  place  of  her  son  with  fragrant 
flowers,  and  dampens  with  her  tears  the  sod  that  conceals  all  that  is 
mortal  of  him  she  most  loved. 

Ki.i/A  B.  Wki.ls. 

N'oiK  :  — Fiecjueiu  meiuioii  is- iikkIc  elsewlicie  in  tlii>  work  of  Captain  Joshua 
M.  Wells,  Company  C,  detailing  the  facts  of  his  being  wounded  at  Chickamauga, 
his  death,  burial,  etc.  (See  Hall's  Prison  Life.)  His  widow  died  November 
22,  1S75.  His  two  surviving  sons,  Emory  and  Willis  A.,  are  residents  of  Cla- 
rinda,  Paige  county,  Iowa.  A  Post  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  located  at  Columbus,  was 
named  after  tliis  brave  man. 


W.   RO.SS   HANAWALT 

Was  born  in  Ross  county,  Ohio,  August  8,  1837.  His  education, 
which  was  of  more  than  the  ordinary  character,  was  the  result  of 
careful,  assiduous  study  more  than  of  superior  advantages.  In 
1856-7,  he  attended  school  at  South  Salem,  and  during  the  few  years 
that  preceded  his  enlistment  he  had  given  his  time  to  teaching,  in 
which  profession  he  gained  prominence. 

He  enlisted  in  the  113th  ().  \^  I.  at  its  organization,  being  at  the 
lime  principal  of  the  Union  Schools,  of  Ml.  Sterling,  (). 

He  served  as  Quartermaster  Sergeant  from  the  organization  of  the 
regiment  in  September,  1862,  till  March  25,  1863,  when  he  was 
promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  of  Company  (1,  and  at  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  Ca.,  September  20,  1863,  he  fell  at  his  i^ost  of  duty, 
sealing  his  devotion  to  his  country  with  his  blood. 

The  acquaintance  1  had  formed  with  Lieutenant  Hanawall  had 
ripened  into  a  strong  friendship,  and  when  I  learned  that  he  was  one 
of  the  sacrifices  of  that  fatal  day,  I  felt  that  a  brave  and  noble  man 
had  fallen.  He  was  my  ideal  soldier,  for  he  was  all  that  a  patriot 
and  gentleman  could  be,  and  now,  after  a  lapse  of  more  than  a  score 


Our  Knapsack.  389 


of  years,  during  which  period,  time  has  healed  many  wounds  of  the 
heart,  I  recall  the  name  and  record  these  lines  with  peculiar  feelings 
of  sadness  : 

'■Soldier  rest,  thy  warfare  o'er. 

Sleep  the  sleep  that   knows  not  breakini;  ; 

Ureani  of  hattlehekls  no  more, 

Morn  of  tnil,  nor  night  of  waking."  M. 


A  HOSPITAL   SKETCH. 

The  Chaplain  of  the  113th  O.  V.  I.  contributes  the  following: 

I  herewith  furnish  you  some  items  connected  with  my  duties  as 
chaplain  of  the  Fourteenth  Army  Corps,  at  Savannah,  (Georgia  : 

I  was  detailed  by  General  Jefferson  C.  Davis  to  act  in  the  cai^acity 
of  corps  chaplain,  and  entered  upon  my  duties  in  January,  1865, 
while  the  army  lay  at  Savannah.  The  surgeon  in  charge  was  Lewis 
Slusser,  68th  Ohio  Volunteers. 

1  was  required  to  superintend  the  interment  of  the  dead.  Up  to 
about  January  20,  1865,  there  were  division  hospitals,  but,  by  s|)ecial 
order  of  General  Sherman,  these  were  consolidated  into  corps  hospi- 
tals. When  the  army  moved  from  Savannah,  crossed  the  river,  and 
entered  South  Carolina,  there  was  left  in  the  hospital  of  the  Four- 
teenth Corps  nearly  eight  hundred  sick  and  wounded  men.  My  work 
for  two  months  was  to  aid,  comfort  and  instruct  the  living,  and  bury 
the  dead.  My  custom  was  to  visit  the  several  wards  every  day,  and 
spend  more  or  less  time  with  each  sufferer,  singing,  talking,  reading 
and  praying. 

I  determined  to  bury  the  dead  in  the  most  substantial  manner  pos- 
sible under  the  circumstances.  One  of  the  first  things  to  be  done 
was  to  select  the  ground  in  which  to  deposit  our  dead  heroes.  We 
chose  the  Laural  Grove  Cemetery,  situated  one  mile  from  the  city, 
near  the  Augusta  road.  It  was  a  place  of  rare  beauty.  'I'he  dead 
of  the  Fourteenth  Corps  occupy  four  lots  in  this  lonely  spot,  namely, 
lots  number  1,620,  1,621,  1,622  and  1,623. 

On  a  post  eight  feet  high,  near  the  center  of  these  lots,  we  placed 
a  large  acorn,  the  corps  emblem.  We  buried  our  dead  in  rows,  num- 
bering the  rows  and  graves.  The  corps  hospital  occupied  the  In- 
firmary and  the  public  school  building,  on  Barnard  street.  Having 
arranged  with  the  post  quartermaster  for  a  sugjjly  of  coffins,  the  next 
thing  was  to  procure  bottles  and  corks.  The  bottles  used  were  such 
as  had  been  used  for  wine  and  porter,  and  we  procured  them  in  the 
city  with  no  other  compliments  than  to  say  we  had  use  for  them. 

These  bottles  being  perfectly  dry,  we  would  deposit  in  each  a 
memorandum  of  a  deceased  soldier,  giving  name,  rank,  disease,  date 
of  death,  and  the  command  to  which  he  belonged.  This  was  written 
plainly  in  ink. 


39°  ^^'    Knapsack. 

'I'hc  body  of  the  deceased  was  gently  lowered  to  its  last  resting 
|»Uu:e;  brief  religious  exercises  followed,  and  the  grave  was  then 
filled  within  eighteen  inches  of  the  top;  the  bottle  was  then  placed, 
with  neck  downward,  in  the  dirt  at  the  foot  of  the  grave.  To  ascer- 
tain to  a  certainty  the  name  of  a  buried  soldier,  it  was  only  necessary 
to  dig  at  the  foot  of  the  grave,  find  the  bottle  containing  the  memo- 
randum, and  read  the  record.  After  about  two  months  duty  of  this 
kind,  many  of  the  sick  having  died  or  recovered,  I  was  relieved,  and 
again  joined  the  regiment  near  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 

|(»SKPH     MokKlS. 


■    HUMOK   A'l'    KKNKSAW. 

After  tile  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  I  went  to  the  field  hos- 
pital to  see  if  any  of  the  113th  were  in  need  of  assistance  which  1 
could  render.  As  you  know,  I  was  then  Quartermaster  Sergeant  of 
the  regiment,  and  was  with  the  wagon  train,  and  not  in  the  engage- 
ment which  resulted  so  disastrously  to  our  forces. 

Upon  arriving  at  the  hospital,  as  it  was  called,  (a  shady  spot  upon 
which  had  been  erected  a  number  of  tents)  I  beheld  a  sad  sight. 
The  numerous  tents  were  filled  to  overflowing  with  the  wounded,  the 
dying  and  the  dead.  Among  the  hundreds  who  lay  on  the  ground  I 
recognized  Ed.  Whitehead,  a  member  of  my  own  Company.  Ed. 
was  a  great  big,  good-natured  fellow,  with  a  heart  as  big  as  his  body, 
(figuratively  speaking)  and  stood  six  feet  four  inches  in  his  stocking 
feet.  1  asked  Ed.  where  and  how  seriously  he  was  hurt.  He  replied 
that  he  was  shot  through  the  fleshy  part  of  both  thighs,  and  upon 
e.xamination  I  saw  that  it  was  a  very  "painful  and  dangerous  wound. 

Presently  a  number  of  ambulances  were  brought  up,  and  an  order 
was  given  to  load  the  wounded  and  send  them  to  Big  Shanty  as  fast 
as  possible.  With  the  assistance  of  others,  we  picked  Ed.  ui>  and 
l)laced  him  in  the  vehicle  nearest  to  where  he  lay,  pushing  him 
gently  to  the  front,  until  his  head  reached  the  seat  of  the  driver. 
For  a  moment  he  lay  with  closed  eyes  and  motionless.  Then  open- 
ing his  eyes,  and  rising  partly  up,  he  looked  soberly  at  his  feet  as 
they  hung  out  of  the  rear  of  the  ambulance.  Then  he  asked  in  his 
dry  manner:  "Bill,  how  much  of  me  is  there  out  yet?  "  Then  he 
lay  down  and  the  ambulances  were  driven  off.  The  surroundings 
were  simply  horrible,  but  the  humor  of  that  inquiry  jjrovoked  a  good 
laugh  from  all  who  heard  it.  1  have  thought  of  this  a  thousand 
times,  and  have  as  often  laughed  over  it.  lul.  still  lives,  and  n(^bodv 
enjoys  the  storv  better  than  he. 

W.  H.  Hallhjav. 


Our  Knapsack.  391 


POST-OFFICE  Al  )I  )R  KSSKS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  addresses  of  the  survivors  (jf  the  1  1  }^\\\ 
(  ).  \'.  1.  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained.  The  list  is  incomplete,  l)ut 
mainly  accurate,  and  will  serve  a  valual)le  purpose: 

OHIO. 

COLUMBUS. 

James  A.  Wilco.x,  John  ().  Mitchell,  L.  S.  SuUivant,  ( )tway  Watson, 

A.  C.  Van  Houten,  George  H.  Rowland,  John  Dickey,  H.  H.  Knee- 
land,  Wm.  P.  Souder,  John  Beasinger,  John  Wolf,  Wm.  Regester  (.'^), 
Henry  Silbach  (?),  Herman  Silbach  (.'),  Henry  Pfautch,  Nicholas 
Shimmel,  M.  V.  B.  L.ittle,  James  Coultas,  Chas.  A.  Cofforth,  John 
Byrne,  C.  R.  Herrick,  J-  1-  Flowers,  Wm.  H.  Halliday,  W.  S.  Durant, 
John  B.  Miller,  D.  T. "Green,  David  O.  Mull  (W.  C),  J.  L.  B.  Wis- 
well  (?),  Wm.  Romosier,  John  Romosier,  x^lbert  Field,  R.  Knight. 
Wm.  Keller,  Geo.  Sinclair,  J.  R.  Topping,  Agustus  Leshey. 

URB.VNA. 

().  H.  Barber,  Geo.  L.  Teister,  Web.  S.  Gearhart,  Ed.  Schelllior]i, 
Philip  A.  Huff,  William  Oaig,  John  W.  Snyder,  G.  W.  Grain,  Joseph 
Low,  Gyrus  T.  Ward,  Felix  E.  Rock. 

SAINT     PARIS. 

(ieo.  (i.  McCrea,  Elijah  Gabriel,  John  F.  Riker,  George  Gabriel, 
Simon  Gabriel,  A.  M.  Grafton,  Michael  Huddleston,  John  Wilson, 
George  N'egley,  Willis  Huddleston,  Wm.  Jenkins,  David  Beaty,  S.  E. 
Smith,  Wm.  M.  Grafton,  John  Wank,  Samuel  Bishop,  Anthonv 
Bishop,  Leonard  Bishop. 

CRA.Wll.l.K. 

Moses  Croodrich,  B.  W.  Mason  (.'),  Wm.  Ports,  Thomas  A  Jones. 
Lewis  Williams,  M.  M.  Munson,  Hiram  Williams,  Burton  Huson. 
Thomas  J.   Evans  (?),  Henry  G.  Case,  J.  A.  Scureman,  F.  k.  Eno. 

Mr.   STERLl.N'c;. 

J.  W.  Dennison,  F.  15.  Briley,  W.  H.  Riggin,  J.  \\  .  Ingrim,  Jo^iah 
Tinnnons.  ().  W.  Loofbourrow,  J.  N.  Crabb,  J.  i\L  ( )'!  )ay,  Fred. 
\'oung,  W.  C.  Bostwick,  James  A.  Baker,  .Abe  Taylor,  J.  \V.  H;nne>s, 
J.  W.  Beale,  J.  I.  Cook,  J.  W.  .Southard,  Samuel  Busi"(  k,  J.  S.  .\ber- 
nalhy,  Alfred  Ivy,  Wm.  Defabaugh,  John  .A.  Alkire,  Jose|)h  Richard- 
son (.'),  Benjamin  Brjley,  .Mex.  Tayners,  Cyrus  'I'immons,  .Andrew 
Mitchell,   E.   Parker,  John   N.  Jones,   F.  H.  Wickel.  Wm.   'I'almadge, 

B.  O.  Keller,  Andrew  Burget,  Wm.  Defabaugh. 


'i'oland   Jones,  W.  C.  Ward,  Timothy    Haley,   John    1''.   Chairman, 
Jacob  March,  R.  Knight,  Lem.  Walker,  Jerome  Robey,  Robert  Moore, 


y)2  Oia    A'n<i/>S(iii'. 

|,mu^  l\;i\liurn,  Jolin  ki^lilsell,  |()SL'|)h  K.  liuzzard,  John  McSavany, 
I.ihn  I,.  Dallas,  lohn  W.  Adams,  l?als.  Spcccciiuikcr,  j.  S.  Kobcy, 
jt.cl   Read,  A.  'r.'l'hifor,  j.  W.  Harness,  Win.  Ariuslroiig  (?). 

MKCHANICSHURC. 

Charles  'I".  Baxter,  Stephen  W.  Riddle,  Lynis  I'aniier  (?),  James 
C.  Roberts.  Benjamin  Norris,  Charles  Odell,  John  K.  Davis.  Cyrus 
Ciuy,  lohn  \V.  Tway,  Kbene/.er  Williams,  Thomas  K.  Shei)herd,  W. 
C.  Hrinnon,  J<jhn  Craig. 

(.!<<  )\  KI'DKl  . 

lohn  W.  Kile,  [ackson  Blakely,  Peter  Reeves,  San\uel  Hoover. 
Albert  Hodge,  I'hi'lo  Williams,  C.  '1  .  Wheeler. 

Sl'KINUFItl,!). 

lames  S.  Ports,  H.  K.  Allison,  Jacob  Huben,  Oscar  C.  Morrow, 
John  Spangenberger,  Harvey  Strain  (?). 

l..\-KAVKTTK. 

Alt.  Willet,  Mark  \Vallace,  John  Simj)son,  Isaac  Norris,  Daniel 
Hildcbran  (?),  John  Tallman  {?),  Wm.  Tallman,  Ed.  C.arrett. 

HKIiKON. 

S.  I>.  Street,  Isaac.  Slocum,  S.  R.  Well>,  William  \osl,  .\lnaliam 
Swarl/.,   1    A.  Zellhart  (?),  Knos  Jewell. 


Charles  Debtee,  Wilton  Osborn,  R.  Ji.  Stewart,  Ale.\.  Carpenter, 
Daniel  Robbins,  Esau  Rice. 

KINGSCREEK. 

lohn  Miller,  James  VV'alker,  Wm.  Walker,  Charles  Stewart,  Charles 
M.  Boone. 

Z.ANESVILLE. 

Alva  J.  Darnell,  J.  Conanl,  George  Miles. 

•M.KXANDRIA. 

lohn  A.  Scurenian,  Enos  Jewell,  Henry  Carlock,  James  R.  Ladd, 
Henry  Jewell,  Henry  Thrall,  David  W.  Conrad,  l-ewis  ^^'illiam^., 
Oilman  Rose. 

NEWARK. 

Benjamin  Bird,  Loyal  H.  C'louse,  Thomas  J.  I'arr.  E.  J.  Carlile, 
Sylvester  Krye,  Jonas  Williams,  A.  J.  Powell,  R.  B.  Stadden  (.'),  E.  S. 
Bancroft,  T.  J.  Evans,  J.  R.  Black. 

CANAI-    WINCHESTER. 

Wm.  Hesser,  (has.  Yost,  Israel  Gehman,  Elisha  Moore,  Elisha 
Himrod,  David  Yost,  Sylvester  E.  Bailey,  Samuel  Looker,  Jackson 
Blakelv. 


Our  Knapsack.  393 

LILLEY    CHAPEL. 

James  Tallmadge,  Albert  Ivy. 

MUTUAL. 

O.  B.  Fay,  Levi  Fay. 

JERSEY. 

H.  M.  Capell,  Enos  W.  Robl),  George  Crane,  R.  B.   Harrison,  J- 
VV.  Berger,  Wilton  Osborn. 

RICHWOOD. 

E.  D.  Horton,  Edward  Blain,  F.  M.  McAdams. 

GROVE    CITY. 

H.  V,  Malott,  Daniel  Weygandt,  Clark  S.  White. 

NORTH    LEWISBURG. 

Joseph  Swisher,  Creorge  H.  Lippincott. 

WEST    LIBERTY. 

James  Blake,  Perry  C.  Howard,  Thomas  J.  Scott,  Clark  W.  Cottrell. 

MIDWAY. 

William  Harness,  J.  W.  Lessenger. 

WEST    JEFFERSON. 

J.  E.  Sidner,  J.  N.  Beach,  John  Creath. 

1MARYSVILLE. 

Chas.  M.  Carrier,  Lewis  Andrews,  T.  P.  Freeman,  B.  VV^  Keyes. 

MT.     VERNON. 

Lyman  VV.  Marsh,  Levi  T.  Nichols. 

PICK.ERINGTON. 

W.  C.  Moore,  William  VV.  Regester. 

CINCINNATI. 

Abner  C".  Hu[)|),  F.  M.  Riegel,  Edward  P.  Haines. 

PANCOASTHURG. 

N.  W.  Critfin,  Leander  Pancoast,  Jeremiah  J.  Riggin. 

UK;    PLAIN. 

John  Creath,  John  P.  Low,  Wiley  Creath. 

JOHNSTOWN. 

John  R.  Cross,  Tuller  Williams,  H.  S.  W.  Butt. 
47 


394  ^'^'    KiKi/^idik. 

KKl'.DOMA. 

I'asciil  1.  Ilurlun,  Jacob  Linvn. 

MARTKOKl). 

Nelson  Diirant,  John  ()};il\X'c,  Win.  H.  Thrall. 

hotkin's  station. 
John  :\.  IMcLanc,  Richard  HowoU. 

HARRISliURG. 

Jerry  Chaftin,  John  Sheeters,  J.  J.  Sheedcrs,  Kdsun  Dcyo,  Jonas 
Deyo. 

NEW    DOVER. 

Elias  Thomas,  George  Pritchard,  Leroy  Nash. 

CLARKSVILLE. 

Nathaniel  B.  Yeazel,  (larland  McKinsey. 

HOMER. 

R.  S.  Fulton,  Shepherd  Fulton. 

WALNUT    RUN. 

George  Watson,  Wilbur  Watson,  Joseph  Waggernian,  Chas.  Yates. 

DAYTON. 

Chas.  P.  Garnian,  Arthur  Nash,  Wm.  McCain,  M.  Kelly  (N.  S.  H.) 

CIRCLEVILLE, 

John  Alkire,  Frederick  Young. 

CARE\  SVll.I.K. 

Samuel  Halterman,  John  O'Leary,  James  Hewling. 

WORTHINGTON. 

John  S.  Skeels,  George  A.  Pingree. 

SIDNES  . 

Dr.  A.  Wilson,  Charles  Boone,  Asa  Kite. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Nelson  I  )urant,  Ccnterburg;  (i.  W.  Kemp,  iMarsailles;  1\  B.  Fisher, 
Tadmor;  Wm.  H.  Harman,  Forest;  Judson  Swisher,  Nelsonville ; 
Wesley  Moore,  Rawson  ;  C.  Himrod,  Royalton  ;  N.  N.  Mason,  Rey- 
noldsburg;  J.  Q-  Smith,  Palestine,  B.  F.  Irwin,  Catawba;  John 
Reese,  Bellefontaine  ;  George  Gardner,  Bradford  Junction;  William 
Newberry,  Appleton  ;  Henry  Dewitt,  Black  Creek;  J.  K.  Hamilton, 
Toledo;  Patrick  Mahlone,  Springhills;  W.  H.  Grove,  Lagonda  ;  John 


Our  Knapsack.  395 

Chapin,  Westerville ;  James  H.  Tarbutton,  Horrs ;  B.  Anderson, 
Pataskala;  Levi  Hemminger,  Woodstock  ;  J.  M.  Abbot,  Millerstown  ; 
James  L.  Edmiston,  Dialton  ;  Joseph  Richardson,  Danville;  T.  E. 
Osborn,  Vanatta ;  Joseph  Twigg,  Carroll ;  R.  H.  Seeley,  Tremont 
City ;  Francis  Kibby,  Powell ;  l3.  R.  Taylor,  Northampton  ;  C.  C. 
Hayes,  Hanover;  John  Brown,  Beech;  John  H.  Johnson,  LaCarne ; 
John  Tallman,  Irwin;  Cieorge  Rye,  Lancaster;  John  L  Cook,  New- 
jiort ;  Joseph  Ford,  Palestine;  Joseph  Morris,  Washington  C.  H. ; 
^Vm.  N.  Yost,  Mt.  Blanchard ;  B.  W.  Mason,  Rio  Grande;  George 
Flaharda,  Plain  City;  J.  W.  Stranse,  Cedarville ;  Lyman  Means, 
Wapakonetta. 

IOWA. 

John  F.  Rockafield,  Shenandoah  ;  Frank  O.  Scarth,  Newton  ;  Geo. 
VV.  Brigham,  Perry  ;  John  F.  Denser,  Bedford ;  Geo.  A.  Graves,  F.  J. 
Cressey,  DesMoines ;   Dr.  H.  M.  Bassett,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

MISSOURI. 

A.  L.  Messmore,  St.  Louis;  Jasper  C.  Shepherd,  Atlanta;  Heman 
L.  Hobart,  Austin;  A.  L.  Shepherd,  Kirkvville ;  John  W.  Corp, 
Chambersburg;  H.  C.  Paige,  Lathrop  ;  James  T.  Beard,  West   End. 

MINNESOTA. 

Wm.  H.  Baxter,  Minneapolis;   Dr.  Alonzo  Harlow,  St.  Paul. 

KANSAS. 

John  G.  Ganson,  Neodocia  ;  Joseph  Miller,  Shell  Rock ;  Warren 
C.  Rose,  Valley  Falls;  Harvey  F.  Sullivan,  Salem;  Isaac  Green, 
Girard  ;  Chas.  Sinnet,  Olathe  ;    David  Taylor,  Emporia. 

ILLINOIS. 

Albert  Kneeland,  Elgin  ;  James  Merril,  Warren  ;  Thomas  H.  Bell, 
Fisher;  Oliver  Craig,  Hamilton;  J.  D.  Merrill,  Warren;  John  C. 
Coblentz,  Bloomington ;  David  Yost,  Shelby  ville;  John  Rogers, 
Harris ;  James  Partridge,  Bement ;  Theo.  D.  Warden,  Charles  D. 
Parker,  Chicago. 

INDIANA. 

Millen  Hays,  Terre  Haute ;  Ezra  D.  Hummel,  Huntington  ;  Jere- 
miah Bair,  Winnemac  ;  Richard  M.  J.  Coleman,  Indianaixjlis  ;  James 
M.  Anderson,  Garret  City. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Colonel  D.  B.  Warner,  St.  John,  N.  B. ;  M.  Kelley,  National  Sol- 
diers' Home,  Dayton;  Henry  Strawbridge,  Washington,  1).  C. ;  Chas. 
N.  Davis,  Santa  Rosa,  California ;  T.  G.  Warden,  Leadville,  Colo- 
rado ;  Lewis  Wharton,  New  Troy,  Michigan ;  T.  D.  Bentley,  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania;  Erasmus  Scarritt,  North  Creek,  New  York; 
Stephen  Howell,  Franklin,  Tennessee  ;  Jasper  N.  Hall,  Jacksonville, 
Oregon. 


396  Our  Knapsack. 

No  Mii.riARY  history  is  complete  that  does  not  make  mention  of  the 
women  of  the  war.  The  history  of  the  work  of  love  and  devotion  of 
the  mothers,  wives,  sisters  and  sweethearts  never  can  be  written  I 
We  can  only  get  a  glimpse  of  it;  for  who  can  tell  of  their  anxiety  or 
of  the  many  weary  and  wakeful  nights  as  they  watched  and  i)rayed 
for  their  loved  ones,  many  of  whom  were  never  to  return.  The  ten- 
der, sad  memories  of  the  war,  speak  to  all  more  elo(|uentlv  than  can 
be  written  on  the  page  of  history,  as  they  sweetly  and  pathetically 
remind  us  how  the  mothers  and  women  of  the  land,  touched  by  the 
fires  of  patriotism,  bade  their  sons  gird  on  the  armor  of  their  country  ; 
how,  through  the  long  and  bitter  years  of  the  war,  their  faith  was 
unbroken  and  their  loyalty  was  firm;  and  how,  when  the  dear  ones 
were  borne  home  cold  and  lifeless,  they,  like  the  .Spartan  mothers, 
"  thanked  (Jod  that  their  boys  had  died  that  their  country  might  live." 

•'  The  wife  who  girds  her  husl)aiKl\  sword, 

'.Mitl  Utile  ones  who  weep  and  wonder. 
And  l)ravely  s]ieaks  the  cheering  word  — 

What  though  her  heart  be  rent  asunder  ! 
Doomed  nightly  in  her  dreams  to  liear 

'I'he  bolls  of  death  around  him  rattle, 
Hath  shed  as  sacred  blood  as  e'er 

Was  jioured  upon  a  field  of  battle! 

"The  mother  who  conceals  her  grief 

Wliiie  to  her  breast  her  son  she  presses, 
Then  breathes  a  few  ]>rave  words  and  brief. 

Kissing  the  patriot  brow  she  blesses, 
With  no  one  but  her  secret  Ood 

To  know  the  pain  that  weighs  upon  her, 
Sheds  holy  blood  as  e'er  the  sod  / 

Received  on  Freedom's  field  of  honor!" 

The  record  of  the  war  is  not  complete  without  the  history  is  written 
of  the  part  borne  by  our  loyal  women.  How  much  we  owe  to  their 
love,  care  and  encouragement  for  all  we  have  achieved  ;  and  how  we 
strive  in  all  the  laudable  ambitions  of  life  to  win  their  smiles  of 
approval. 


MARCHES    AND   BATTLES. 

Believing  that  not  only  soldiers,  but  the  general  reader,  after  hav- 
ing |)erused  this  brief  history,  would  be  interested  in  the  "maxims  of 
war  "  which  govern  the  movements  of  an  army  in  the  field,  I  have 
carefully  compiled,  from  the  Army  Regulations  and  the  best  military 
authorities,  this  short  chapter  on  marches  and  battles. 

MARCHES. 

The  object  of  the  movement  and  the  nature  of  the  ground  deter- 
mine the  order  of  march,  the  kind  of  troops  in  each  column,  and  the 
number  of  columns. 


Our  Knapsack.  397 


The  "general,"  sounded  one  hour  before  the  time  of  marching,  is 
the  signal  to  strike  tents,  to  load  the  wagons  and  pack-horses,  and 
send  them  to  the  place  of  assembling.  The  fires  are  then  put  out, 
and  care  taken  to  avoid  burning  straw,  etc.,  or  giving  to  the  enemy 
any  other  indication  of  the  movement. 

The  "  march  "  will  be  beat  in  the  infantry,  and  the  "  advance  " 
sounded  in  the  cavalry,  in  succession,  as  each  is  to  take  its  place  in 
the  column. 

When  the  army  should  form  suddenly  to  meet  the  enemy,  the 
"long  roll  "  is  beat  and  "to  horse  "  sounded.  The  troops  form  rap- 
idly in  front  of  their  camp. 

Batteries  of  artillery  and  their  caissons  move  with  the  corps  to 
which  they  are  attached ;  the  field  train  and  ambulances  march  at 
the  rear  of  the  column,  and  the  baggage  with  the  rear  guard. 

In  cavalry  marches,  when  distant  from  the  enemy,  each  regiment, 
and,  if  possible,  each  squadron,  forms  a  separate  column,  in  order 
to  keep  up  the  same  gait  from  front  to  rear,  and  to  trot,  when 
desirable,  on  good  ground.  In  such  cases,  the  cavalry  may  leave 
camp  later,  and  can  give  more  rest  to  the  horses  and  more  attention 
to  the  shoeing  and  harness.  Horses  are  not  bridled  until  time  to 
start. 

The  execution  of  marching  orders  must  not  be  delayed.  If  the 
commander  is  not  at  the  head  of  his  troops  when  they  are  to  march, 
the  next  in  rank  puts  the  column  in  motion. 

In  night  marches,  the  Sergeant  Major  of  each  regiment  remains  at 
the  rear  with  a  drummer,  to  give  notice  when  darkness  or  difficulty 
stops  the  march.  In  cavalry,  a  trumpeter  is  placed  in  rear  of  each 
squadron,  and  the  signal  repeated  to  the  head  of  the  regiment. 

In  approaching  a  defile,  the  Colonels  are  warned  ;  they  close  their 
regiments  as  they  come  up  (each  regiment  passes  separately,  at  an 
accelerated  pace,  and  in  as  close  order  as  possible).  The  leading 
regiment,  having  passed  and  left  room  for  the  whole  column  in  close 
order,  then  halts,  and  moves  again  as  soon  as  the  last  regiment  is 
through.  In  the  cavalry,  each  squadron,  before  ^luickening  the  pace 
to  rejoin  the  column,  takes  its  original  order  of  march. 

If  two  corps  meet  on  the  same  road,  they  pass  to  the  right,  and 
both  continue  their  march  if  the  road  is  wide  enough ;  if  it  is  not, 
the  first  in  the  order  of  battle  takes  the  road  ;  the  other  halts. 

A  column  that  halts  to  let  another  column  pass  resumes  the  march 
in  advance  of  the  train  of  this  column.  If  a  column  has  to  pass  a 
train,  the  train  must  halt,  if  necessary,  till  the  column  passes.  The 
column  which  has  precedence  must  yield  if  the  commander,  on  seeing 
the  order  of  the  other,  finds  it  for  the  interest  of  the  service. 

On  a  road,  marching  by  the  flank,  it  would  be  considered  "  good 
order"  to  have  5,000  men  to  a  mile,  so  that  a  full  corps  of  30,000 
men  would  extend  six  miles  ;  but  with  the  average  trains  and  batteries 
of  artillery  the  probabilities  are  that  it  would  draw  out  to  ten  miles. 
On  a  long  and  regular  march  the  divisions  and  brigades  should  alter- 
nate in  the  lead  ;  the  leading  divisions  should   be  on  the  road  by  the 


39^^  Our  Knapsack. 

earliest  dawn,  aiul  inan;li  at  the  rati;  of  two  miles,  or,  at  most,  two 
and  a  half  miles,  an  hour,  so  as  to  reach  tramp  hy  ikxju.  Even  then 
the  rear  division  and  trains  will  hardly  reach  camp  much  before 
night.  Theoretically,  a  marching  column  should  preserve  such  order 
that  by  simply  halting  and  facing  to  the  right  or  left  it  would  be  in 
line  of  battle;  but  this  is  rarely  the  case,  and  generally  dejiloyments 
are  made  "  forward,"  l)y  conducting  each  brigade  by  the  flank 
oblii|uely  to  the  right  or  left  to  its  ajjproximate  position  in  line  of 
battle,  and  there  deployed.  In  such  a  line  of  battle  a  brigade  of 
3,000  infantry  woidd  occujiy  a  mile  of  "  front;  "  but,  for  a  strong  line 
of  battle,  5,000  men,  with  two  batteries,  should  be  allowed  to  each 
mile,  or  a  division  would  habitually  constitute  a  double  line  with 
skirmishers  and  a  reserve  on  a  mile  of  "front." 


Dispositions  for  battle  depend  on  the  number,  kind  and  tpiality  of 
the  troops  o[)|)Osed,  on  the  ground,  and  on  the  objects  of  the  war; 
but  the  following  rules  are  to  be  observed  generally  : 

In  attacking,  the  advance  guard  endeavors  to  capture  the  enemy's 
outposts,  or  cut  them  off  from  the  main  body.  Having  done  so,  or 
driven  them  in,  it  occupies,  in  advancing,  all  the  points  that  can 
cover  or  facilitate  the  march  of  the  army  or  secure  its  retreat,  such 
as  bridges,  defiles,  woods  and  heights  ;  it  then  makes  attack,  to 
occupy  the  enemy  without  risking  too  much,  and  to  deceive  them  as 
to  the  march  and  projects  of  the  army. 

When  the  enemy  is  hidden  by  a  curtain  of  advanced  troops,  the 
commandant  of  the  advanced  guard  sends  scouts,  under  intelligent 
officers,  to  the  right  and  left,  to  ascertain  his  position  and  movements. 
If  he  does  not  succeed  in  this  way,  he  tries  to  unmask  the  enemy  by 
demonstrations;  threatens  to  cut  the  advance  from  the  main  body; 
makes  false  attacks  ;  partial  and  impetuous  charges  in  echelon  ;  and, 
if  all  fail,  he  makes  a  real  attack  to  accomplish  the  object. 

Detachments  left  by  the  advance  guard  to  hold  points  in  the  rear 
rejoin  it  when  other  troops  come  up.  If  the  army  takes  a  position, 
and  the  advanced  guard  is  separated  from  it  by  defiles  or  heights,  the 
communication  is  secured  by  troops  drawn  from  the  main  body. 

At  proper  distance  from  the  enemy  the  troops  are  formed  for  the 
attack  in  several  lines:  if  only  two  can  be  formed,  some  battalions 
in  columns  are  placed  behind  the  wings  of  the  second  line.  The 
lines  may  be  formed  by  troops  in  column  or  in  order  of  battle,  ac- 
cording to  the  ground  and  plan  of  attack. 

The  advanced  guard  may  be  put  in  the  line  or  on  the  wings,  or 
other  positions,  to  aid  the  pursuit  or  cover  the  retreat. 

The  reserve  is  formed  of  the  best  troops  of  foot  and  horse,  to  com- 
plete a  victory  or  make  good  a  retreat.  It  is  placed  in  the  rear  of 
the  central  or  chief  point  of  attack  or  defense. 

The  cavalry  should  be  distributed  in  echelon  on  tlie  wings  and  at 
the  center,  on  favorable  ground. 

It  should  be  instructed  not  to  take  the  gallop  until  within  charging 


Our  Knapsack.  399 

distance ;  never  to  receive  a  charge  at  a  halt,  but  to  meet  it,  or,  if 
not  strong  enough,  to  retire  maneuvering;  and,  in  order  to  be  ready 
for  the  pursuit,  and  prepared  against  a  reverse  or  the  attacks  of  the 
reserve,  not  to  engage  all  its  squadrons  at  once,  but  to  reserve  one- 
third,  in  column  or  in  echelon,  abreast  of  or  in  the  rear  of  one  of  the 
wings;  this  arrangement  is  better  than  a  second  line  with  intervals. 

In  the  attack,  the  artillery  is  employed  to  silence  the  batteries  that 
protect  the  position.  In  the  defense,  it  is  better  to  direct  its  fire  on 
the  advancing  troops.  In  either  case,  as  many  pieces  are  united  as 
possible,  the  fire  of  the  artillery  being  formidable  in  proportion  to 
concentration. 

In  battles  and  military  operations  it  is  better  to  assume  the  offen- 
sive, and  put  the  enemy  on  the  defensive;  but  to  be  safe  in  doing  so 
requires  a  larger  force  than  the  enemy,  or  better  troops  and  favorable 
ground.  When  obliged  to  act  on  the  defensive,  the  advantage  of 
position  and  of  making  the  attack  may  sometimes  be  secured  by 
forming  in  rear  of  the  ground  on  which  we  are  to  fight,  and  advancing 
at  the  moment  of  action.  In  mountain  warfare  the  assailant  has 
always  the  disadvantage  ;  and  even  in  offensive  warfare  in  the  open 
field  it  may  frequently  be  very  important,  when  the  artillery  is  well 
posted,  and  any  advantage  of  ground  may  be  secured,  to  await  the 
enemy  and  compel  him  to  attack. 

The  attack  should  be  made  with  a  superior  force  on  the  decisive 
point  of  the  enemy's  position  by  masking  this  by  false  attacks  and 
demonstrations  on  other  points,  and  by  concealing  the  troops  intended 
for  it  by  the  ground,  or  by  other  troops  in  their  front. 


Hkadi^iuauteks  FiirRTp:ENTH  Army  (Oki's,  ■> 

W.VSHI.NGTON,    D.   C.,Jll/lc'   1 5,    1865.         i 
Gk.nkkai.  OKnEK.S,      I 
Nu.  17.  I 

Soiclicrs  of  the  Fourteenth  Army  Corps  : 

Since  he  assumed  command  of  the  C<J|■])^,  your  General  has  hceii  many  occa- 
sions when  lie  was  proud  of  your  endurance,  your  courage  and  your  achieve- 
ments. 

If  he  ditl  not  praise  you  then  it  was  because  your  labors  and  triumphs  were 
incomplete.  Whilst  the  enemies  of  your  country  still  dehed  you,  whilst  hard- 
ships and  dangers  were  yet  to  be  encountered  and  overcome,  it  seemed  to  him 
premature  to  indulge  in  unnecessary  praise  of  deeds  being  enacted,  or  to  rest 
u]ion  laurals  already  won.  Hut  now,  when  the  battle  and  the  march  are  ended 
and  the  victory  yours;  when  many  of  you  are  about  to  return  to  your  homes, 
where  the  sounds  of  the  hostile  cann<jn — now  silenced,  let  us  trust,  forever  in 
our  land — will  soon  be  forgotten  amidst  the  welcoming  plaudits  of  friends; 
when  the  heavy  armor  of  the  soldier  is  being  exchanged  for  the  civic  \\  reaths  of 


400  Our  Knapsack. 

peace,  lie  ileems  ii  a  liappy  occasion  lo  congralulatc  yoil  u|ion  ihc  pari  which 
you  have  borne  in  common  with  yovir  comrades  of  the  armies  of  the  Union  in 
llie  mi};lity  Ntruyyle  for  tlic  maintenance  of  the  unity  and  integrity  of  your 
country.  N  ou  will  join  heartily  in  the  general  rejoicing  over  tlie  grand  result 
anil  the  termination  of  the  Nation's  iieril.  While  the  country  is  welcoming  her 
defenders  home,  and  their  noble  deeds  arc  being  commemorated,  you  will  ever 
remember  with  proud  satisfaction  that  ai  <  hickamauga  yours  were  the  invincible 
battalions  with  which  the  unyielding  Thomas  hurled  back  the  overwhelming  foe 
and  saved  the  day;  that  at  Mission  Kidge  you  helped,  with  your  brothers  of  the 
Armies  of  the  Cumberland  and  of  the  Tennessee,  to  plant  the  banners  of  your 
C(nintry  once  more  on  the  cloud  clad  heights  of  Chattanooga;  that  at  Jonesboro, 
your  resistless  charge  decreed  the  (inal  fate  of  proud  Atlanta;  that  at  Benton- 
ville  you  for  hours  defied  the  frenzied  and  determined  efforts  of  the  rebel  hosts 
to  crush  serialim  the  columns  of  the  victorious  Sherman,  ^'ears  hence,  in  the 
happy  enjoyment  of  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  your  country,  whose  preserva- 
tion your  valor  on  many  hard  fought  fields  secured,  it  will  be  among  your  proudest 
boasts  that  you  fought  with  Thomas  and  marched  with  Sherman  from  the  moun- 
tains to  the  sea  ;  that  you  toiled  and  skirmished  in  mid-winter  through  the  swamps 
of  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas ;  that  after  years  of  bloody  contest  you  witnessed 
the  surrender  of  one  of  the  enemy's  proudest  armies,  no  longer  able  to  withstand 
your  irresistible  pursuit. 

Now  the  danger  is  jiasi  ami  llie  victory  won,  many  of  you  turn  homeward. 
Let  the  same  generous  spirit,  the  same  pure  patriotism,  that  prompted  your  entry 
into  your  country's  service  be  cherished  by  you,  never  forgetting  that  the  true 
soldier  is  always  a  good  citizen  and  Christian. 

Some  remain  yet  for  a  time  as  soldiers.  The  same  country  that  first  called 
you  needs  your  further  services,  and  retains  you.  Let  your  future  record  be  a 
continuation  of  the  glorious  past,  and  such  that,  as  long  as  a  soldier  remains  of 
tlie  Fourteenth  Corps,  it  shall  continue  bright  and  untarnished. 

Many  of  the  noblest,  bravest  and  best  who  came  out  with  us  will  not  return. 
We  left  them  on  the  hills  and  by  the  streams  of  the  South,  where  no  voice  of 
mother,  sister  or  wife  will  ever  wake  them — where  no  kind  hand  will  strew 
flowers  upon  their  graves.  Hut,  soldiers,  by  us  they  never  will  be  forgotten. 
Their  heroic  deeds  and  last  resting  places  will  often  be  brought  to  mind  in  fond 
rememl)rance.  Though  dead,  they  will  live  in  the  affectionsof  their  countrymen 
anil  their  country's  history.  Whilst  passing  events  are  fast  changing  our  past 
associations  and  requiring  us  lo  form  new  ones,  let  us  seek  to  extend  a  warm 
greeting  and  the  hearty  hand  of  congratulation  to  all  who  rejoice  in  our  country's 
preservation  and  a  return  of  peace. 

By  command  of  Brevet  Major  Cieneral  Jefferson  C.  Davis. 

A.  C.   McClA'RG, 
Brevet  Colonel  A.  A.  C,  and  Chief  of  Staff.